Document ID: EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0004-0146
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-01-29T05:00Z

Fate
Data
of
White
Mineral
Oil
CAS
#:
8042­
47­
5
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Toxicological
Profile
of
White
Mineral
Oil
CAS
#:
8042­
47­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
>
450
deg
°
F
Form:
Colorless,
viscous
liquid
Solubility:
Negligible
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
The
data
for
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
in
animals
exposed
to
white
oil
may
include
changes
in
liver
weight,
changes
in
leucocyte
count
and
weight
loss.

The
data
for
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Carcinogenicity
Inadequate
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
in
animals.

Data
for
the
above
category
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
(
1987)

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Inadequate
evidence
in
animals
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
4
Fate
Data
of
Phosphoric
Acid
CAS
#:
7664­
38­
2
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
5
Toxicological
Profile
of
Phosphoric
Acid
CAS
#:
7664­
38­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
213
deg
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid;
Rhombic
crystals
Solubility:
Soluble
in
water
and
alcohol
OSHA
PEL:
8hr
TWA
=
1
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
4­
81
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1166
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
910
Zenz,
C.
Occupational
Medicine­
Principles
and
Practical
Applications.
2nd
ed.
St.
Louis,
MO:
Mosby­
Yearbook,
Inc,
1988.,
p.
762
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
254
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1166
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
4­
81
Page
6
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Substance
used
as
flavoring
in
foods.
Generally
recognized
as
safe
(
GRAS)
by
the
FDA.
No
chronic
health
concerns
identified.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Doull,
John,
M.
D.,
Ph.
D.,
et
al.
1980.
Casarett
and
Doull's
Toxicology,
The
Basic
Science
of
Poisons
(
second
edition).
Macmillan
Publishing
Co.,
Inc.
(
Chapter
23:
Food
Additives
and
Contaminants)

Hazardous
Substance
Database:
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
910
No
other
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
of
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effect
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.86E­
03
Page
7
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
GRAS
rating)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
8
Fate
Data
of
Aliphatic
Naphta
CAS
#:
64742­
89­
8
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
9
Toxicological
Profile
of
Aliphatic
Naphtha
CAS
#:
64742­
89­
8
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
208
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
300
ppm
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
defatting
of
the
skin.

The
data
from
the
above
category
can
be
found
in
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Structure
Activity
Team
Report
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.
Page
10
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
11
Fate
Profile
for
Worum
DPM
CAS
#:
34590­
94­
8
Fate
in
Soil
If
released
in
soil,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
will
be
highly
mobile,
and
hence,
leach
to
groundwater.
In
moist
soil,
as
in
aquatic
systems,
biodegradation
will
probably
be
the
primary
removal
mechanism.
However,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
which
is
on
the
surface
of
dry
soil
may
evaporate.
In
a
soil­
water
matrix,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
will
be
highly
mobile.
Sorption
to
soil
particulates
will
be
minimal.
The
primary
removal
mechanism
in
soil
will
probably
be
biodegradation.
However,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
which
is
on
the
surface
of
dry
soil
may
evaporate.
The
low
vapor
pressure
of
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
(
0.38
mm
Hg);
and
high
water
solubility
suggest
that
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
will
not
readily
volatilize
from
soils.

Fate
in
Water
Dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
used
in
pesticides
may
also
enter
surface
waters.
Dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
was
found
in
the
effluents
from
three
different
wastewater
treatment
plants.
Due
to
its
diverse
uses,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
is
probably
a
constituent
of
the
effluents
from
many
other
treatment
facilities.
Dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
was
also
detected
in
water
from
a
landfill
well.
The
low
vapor
pressure
of
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
(
0.38
mm
Hg);
and
high
water
solubility
suggest
that
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
will
not
readily
volatilize
from
water.
In
water,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
would
not
be
expected
to
sorb
to
sediments
or
to
bioconcentrate.
The
main
degradation
mechanism
in
water
is,
in
all
likelihood,
biodegradation,
while
photolysis
and
hydrolysis
are
probably
insignificant.

Fate
in
Air
It
is
not
known
how
much
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
is
released
to
the
environment.
Dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
is
probably
released
to
the
air
due
to
volatilization
from
solvents
and
paints
that
contain
it.
Additionally,
it
may
enter
the
air
when
used
as
a
solvent
in
pesticide
formulations.

Evaporative
transfer
from
water
to
the
atmosphere
is
expected
to
be
minimal.
However,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
in
the
atmosphere
is
estimated
to
have
a
half­
life
of
approximately
3.4
hours.
Besides
photochemical
reactions,
dipropylene
glycol
monomethyl
ether
may
be
removed
from
the
atmosphere
by
washout.
Page
12
Toxicological
Profile
of
Worum
DPM
(
Dipropylene
Glycol
Monomethyl
Ether)
CAS
#:
34590­
94­
8
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
190
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Completely
miscible
with
acetone,
ethanol,
benzene,
carbon
tetrachloride,
ether,
methanol,
monochlorobenzene
&
petroleum
ether;
miscible
with
water
&
many
organic
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
8­
hr
Time­
Weighted
avg:
100
ppm
(
600
mg/
cu
m).

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:

Boiling
Point
­
From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

National
Fire
Protection
Association.
Fire
Protection
Guide
on
Hazardous
Materials.
9th
ed.
Boston,
MA:
National
Fire
Protection
Association,
1986.
325M­
45
Form
­
From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
431
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
122
Solubility
­
From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
658
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
431
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Page
13
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
from
repeated
inhalations
and
dermal
contact
of
worum
DPM
cause
no
significant
injury.
May
cause
CNS
depression.

Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Patty,
F.
(
ed.).
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
II:
Toxicology.
2nd
ed.
New
York:
Interscience
Publishers,
1963.,
p.
1573
Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
660
POISINDEX
(
R)
Database.
Copyright
1974­
year
Micromedex,
Inc.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Page
14
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
15
Fate
Profile
for
Ethylene
Glycol
CAS
#:
107­
21­
1
Overview
Ethylene
glycol's
production
and
use
in
numerous
manufactured
products
may
result
in
its
release
to
the
environment
through
various
waste
streams.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
an
estimated
Koc
of
4
suggests
that
ethylene
glycol
will
have
very
high
mobility
in
soil.
Biodegradation
in
soil
is
expected
to
be
a
major
fate
process
for
this
compound.
Aerobic
biodegradation
is
essentially
complete
in
<
1­
4
days
although
100%
theoretical
biological
oxygen
demand
may
not
be
realized
for
several
weeks.
Under
anaerobic
conditions,
ethylene
glycol
at
30
mg­
C/
L,
with
added
glucose,
was
completely
biodegraded
within
7
days.
Ethylene
glycol
is
not
expected
to
volatilize
from
moist
soil
based
on
an
experimental
Henry's
Law
constant
of
6.0X10­
8
atm­
cu
m/
mole.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
an
experimental
Henry's
Law
constant
for
ethylene
glycol
of
6.0X10­
8
atm­
cu
m/
mole
indicates
that
this
compound
should
not
volatilize
from
water
surfaces.
Both
aerobic
and
anaerobic
biodegradation
of
ethylene
glycol
in
water
are
expected
to
be
major
fate
processes;
aerobic
degradation
is
essentially
complete
in
<
1­
4
days
although
100%
theoretical
biological
oxygen
demand
may
not
be
realized
for
several
weeks.
Based
on
a
recommended
classification
scheme,
an
estimated
Koc
value
of
4,
indicates
that
ethylene
glycol
will
not
adsorb
to
suspended
solids
and
sediment
in
the
water.
It
is
not
expected
to
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms
based
on
measured
bioconcentration
factors.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
ethylene
glycol
will
mainly
exist
in
the
vapor
phase
in
the
ambient
atmosphere
based
on
a
vapor
pressure,
determined
from
experimentally
derived
coefficients,
of
0.092
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
Vapor­
phase
ethylene
glycol
is
degraded
in
the
atmosphere
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
with
an
estimated
half­
life
of
about
50
hours.
Page
16
Toxicological
Profile
of
Ethylene
Glycol
CAS
#:
107­
21­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
197.6
deg
 
C
Form:
Clear,
colorless,
syrupy,
liquid.
Solubility:
Miscible
with
water,
lower
aliphatic
alcohols,
glycerol,
acetic
acid,
acetone
&
similar
ketones,
aldehydes,
pyridine,
similar
coal
tar
bases;
slightly
sol
in
ether
(
1:
200);
practically
insol
in
benzene
&
its
homologs,
chlorinated
hydrocarbons,
petroleum
ether,
oils.
ACGIH
TLV:
Short
term
exposure
limit
(
STEL)/
Ceiling
limit:
39.4
ppm;
100
mg/
cu
m
(
1995)

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
75th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Fl:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1994­
1995.
3­
155
Form
­
From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
136
Solubility
­
From
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
599
ACGIH
TLV
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposures
to
the
vapor
may
cause
unconsciousness,
nystagmus,
and
lymphocytosis.
A
small
amount
of
ethylene
glycol
may
have
toxic
effects
on
the
kidney.
No
adverse
effects
have
Page
17
been
observed
in
a
number
of
animal
studies.

Presence
of
ethanol
will
therefore
inhibit
formation
of
toxic
metabolites
from
methanol
and
ethylene
glycol.
Ethylene
glycol
is
metabolized
at
a
moderate
rate
to
glycoaldehyde.
Glycoaldehyde,
however,
is
apparently
metabolized
nearly
instantaneously
to
glycolic
acid
and
glyoxal.
Glyoxal,
too,
is
rapidly
metabolized
while
glycolic
acid
is
slowly
degraded.
Glyoxylic
acid,
because
it
has
not
been
found
in
the
urine,
is
also
broken
down
rapidly,
apparently
to
a
large
extent
to
carbon
dioxide
and
water
via
the
formic
acid
route.
Its
other
metabolites
are
considered
to
be
minor.

Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
sourcesfrom
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

POISINDEX
(
R)
database.
Copyright
1974­
year
micromedex,
inc.

Haddad,
L.
M.,
Clinical
Management
of
Poisoning
and
Drug
Overdose.
2nd
ed.
Philadelphia,
PA:
W.
B.
Saunders
Co.,
1990.,
p.
695
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3826
Gilman,
A.
G.,
L.
S.
Goodman,
and
A.
Gilman.
(
eds.).
Goodman
and
Gilman's
The
Pharmacological
Basis
of
Therapeutics.
7th
ed.
New
York:
Macmillan
Publishing
Co.,
Inc.,
1985.,
p.
1637
Jacobsen
D,
McMartin
KE;
Med
Toxicol
1
(
15:
309­
34
(
1986)

Carcinogenicity
IARC
has
stated
that
no
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effect
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

The
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists
(
ACGIH)
states
that
ethylene
glycol
has
been
classified
as
group
A4
(
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen)

Data
from
the
above
category
may
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
V42
207
(
1987)
Page
18
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)

The
above
OSHA
rating
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
19
Fate
Data
of
Pine
Oil
CAS
#:
8002­
09­
3
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
20
Toxicological
Profile
of
Pine
Oil
CAS
#:
8002­
09­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
200­
220
deg
 
C
Form:
Pale
yellow
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
soluble
in
organic
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
for
the
above
category
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
some
kidney
toxicity
but
otherwise
no
other
health
concerns
identified.

Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:

Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Structure
Activity
Team
Report.

No
other
data
regarding
chronic
toxicity
for
t\
his
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
21
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
22
Fate
Profile
for
1,2,3,4­
Tetrahydronaphthalene
CAS
#:
119­
64­
2
Overview
Tetralin
is
released
to
the
atmosphere
in
emissions
from
automobile
and
diesel
engines,
incinerators,
and
kerosene
space
heaters.
It
is
also
released
to
the
environment
in
effluents
from
several
industrial
sources.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
tetralin
may
adsorb
strongly
(
estimated
Koc
of
about
1,800).
However,
it
has
been
detected
in
groundwater
beneath
a
municipal
landfill
and
the
annual
loadings
of
tetralin
in
runoff
from
land
in
the
Canadian
Ontario
and
Great
Lakes
water
basins
are
estimated
to
be
1,053
and
2,270
kg/
yr,
respectively.
Based
on
biodegradation
half­
lives
of
4­
13
days
in
aquatic
systems,
biodegradation
in
soil
will
be
important.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
tetralin
will
adsorb
to
sediment
and
suspended
matter
and
will
partition
from
the
water
column
to
sediment.
Tetralin
will
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms
that
cannot
metabolize
it.
Volatilization
from
water
is
fast
(
estimated
half
life
of
4
hours
from
a
model
river)
when
adsorption
does
not
take
place.
Some
biodegradation
studies
suggest
that
biodegradation
may
be
fast
with
half­
lives
of
4­
13
days.

Based
on
the
estimated
Henry's
Law
constant
of
1.7X10­
3
atm­
cu
m/
mol
at
25
deg
°
C,
volatilization
half­
lives
from
a
model
river
(
1
m
deep
flowing
1
m/
sec
and
wind
velocity
of
3
m/
sec)
and
lake
(
1
m
deep)
can
be
estimated
to
be
4
hours
and
5
days,
respectively.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
tetralin
will
exist
in
the
vapor
phase.
Based
on
the
experimental
vapor
pressure
of
0.368
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C,
tetralin
is
expected
to
exist
almost
entirely
in
the
vapor
phase
in
the
ambient
atmosphere.
Vapor
phase
tetralin
is
rapidly
degraded
by
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
(
estimated
half­
life
of
11
hrs)
during
the
day­
time
and
nitrate
radicals
(
half­
life
of
3.6
days)
during
the
night­
time.
Page
23
Toxicological
Profile
of
1,2,3,4­
Tetrahydronaphthalene
(
Tetralin)
CAS
#:
119­
64­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
207.6
deg
 
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Miscible
with
ethanol,
butanol,
acetone,
benzene,
petroleum
ether,
chloroform,
&
petroleum
ether,
decalin;
soluble
in
methanol:
50.6%
wt/
wt;
insoluble
in
water;
soluble
in
aniline,
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
3­
478
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
119
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1453
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.).
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
64th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1983­
84.
C­
531
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
3­
478
Page
24
Chronic
Toxicity
No
data
regarding
the
chronic
effects
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
of
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Low
Acute
Toxicity)
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
25
Toxicological
Profile
of
Chlorobenzene
CAS
#:
108­
90­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
131
­
132
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless,
very
refractive
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
freely
soluble
in
alcohol,
benzene,
chloroform
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
10
ppm;
46
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
3­
79
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
327
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
62
Solubility
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
3­
79
Page
26
Kenaga
EE;
Ecotox
Environ
Safety
4:
26­
38
(
1980)

ITII.
Toxic
and
Hazardous
Industrial
Chemicals
Safety
Manual.
Tokyo,
Japan:
The
International
Technical
Information
Institute,
1988.,
p.
120
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source
with
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Volumes
I
and
II.
New
York:
McGraw­
Hill
Book
Co.,
1971.,
p.
291
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
chlorobenzene
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicty).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
no
human
data,
inadequate
animal
data
and
predominately
negative
genetic
toxicity
data
in
bacterial,
yeast,
and
mouse
lymphoma
cells.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
None.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
Chlorobenzene
(
108­
90­
7)
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
August
29,
1994
Page
27
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.00E­
02
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5.71E­
03
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Carcinogenicity:
Low
OSHA
rating:
A3:
Animal
carcinogen
(
ACGIH)

Data
for
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
28
Toxicological
Profile
of
1,1,2­
Trichloro­
1,2,2­
trichloroethane
(
CFC­
113)
CAS
#:
76­
13­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
47.7
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Colorless
to
water­
white
liquid
[
Note:
A
gas
above
118
degrees
°
F];
Volatile
liquid
Solubility:
0.017
g/
100
g
water
@
25
deg
°
C;
soluble
in
alcohol,
ether,
and
benzene.
OSHA
PEL:
1000
ppm;
7670
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
3­
236
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
6th
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
1984.,
p.
1458
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
1178
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
316
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
3­
236
Riddick,
J.
A.,
W.
B.
Bunger,
Sakano
T.
K.
Techniques
of
Chemistry
4th
ed.,
Volume
II.
Organic
Solvents.
New
York,
NY:
John
Wiley
and
Sons.,
1985
Page
29
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Workers
occupationally
exposed
to
1,1,2­
trichloro­
1,2,2­
trifluoroethane
were
evaluated
and
clinical
chemical
parameters
showed
no
indication
of
solvent­
caused
adverse.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources
with
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Triebig
g,
burkhardt
k;
int
arch
occup
environ
health
42
(
2):
129­
36
(
1978)

USEPA;
Health
Assessment
Document
for
1,1,2­
Trichloro­
1,2,2­
Trifluoroethane
p.
1
(
1983)
EPA­
600/
58­
82­
002F
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3100
Carcinogenicity
According
to
the
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Hygienists,
1,1,2­
trichloro­
1,2,2­
trifluoroethane
is
in
Group
A4:
not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
30
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
3.00E+
01
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
8.57+
00
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
31
Toxicological
Profile
of
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
CAS
#:
79­
00­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
113
­
114
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
miscible
with
alcohol,
ether,
and
many
other
organic
liquids
OSHA
PEL:
10
ppm;
55
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
75th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Fl:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1994­
1995.
3­
157
Form
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

USEPA;
Chemical
Hazard
Information
Profile:
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
p.
268
(
1978)

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
V52
337
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
314
Page
32
Solubility
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3510
Weast,
R.
C.
and
M.
J.
Astle.
CRC
Handbook
of
Data
on
Organic
Compounds.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.
1985.,
p.
671
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
1176
IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
V52
337
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
toxic
solvent
encephalopathy,
including
memory
and
balance
defects,
has
been
described
in
workers.
Other
consequences
may
include
moodiness,
irritability,
and
other
neuropsychiatric
effects.

Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
source
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

POISINDEX
(
R)
database
for
treatment
purposes.
Copyright
1974­
year
Micromedex,
Inc.
Page
33
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
has
a
C
classification
(
possible
human
carcinogen).

Basis
for
classification:
Hepatocellular
carcinomas
and
pheochromocytomas
in
one
strain
of
mice
forms
the
basis
for
this
classification.
Carcinogenicity
was
not
shown
in
rats.
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
is
structurally
related
to
1,2­
Dichloroethane,
a
probable
human
carcinogen.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.

NIOSH
recommends
that
this
chemical
be
treated
as
a
potential
human
carcinogen.
Reduce
exposure
to
lowest
feasible
concentration.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
S7
73
(
1987)

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
(
79­
00­
5)
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
August
15,
1994.

NIOSH/
CDC.
NIOSH
Recommendations
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Standards
1988,
Aug.
1988.
(
Suppl.
to
Morbidity
and
Mortality
Wkly.
Vol.
37
No.
5­
7,
Aug.
26,
1988,
p.
27).
Atlanta,
GA:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health,
CDC,
1988.,
p.
27
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
5.70E­
02
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
5.60E­
02
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
4.00E­
03
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
Page
34
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
A3:
Animal
Carcinogen
Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
35
Toxicological
Profile
of
Ethyl
Ether
CAS
#:
60­
29­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
34.6
deg
°
C
(
at
760
mm
Hg)
Form:
Mobil,
very
volatile,
highly
flammable
liquid.
Solubility:
Ether
is
slightly
soluble
in
water;
soluble
in
concentrated
hydrochloric
nitric
acid;
miscible
with
lower
aliphatic
alcohols,
benzene,
chloroform,
petroleum
ether,
other
fat
solvents,
many
oils.
OSHA
PEL:
400
ppm;
1210
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
551
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Osol,
A.
(
ed.).
Remington's
Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
16th
ed.
Easton,
Pennsylvania:
Mack
Publishing
Co.,
1980.,
p.
984
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
140
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
259
The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
551
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
C­
269
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
491
Page
36
Riddick,
J.
A.,
W.
B.
Bunger,
Sakano
T.
K.
Techniques
of
Chemistry
4th
ed.,
Volume
II.
Organic
Solvents.
New
York,
NY:
John
Wiley
and
Sons.,
1985.,
p.
283
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
may
result
in
some
persons
in
anorexia,
exhaustion,
headache,
drowsiness,
dizziness,
excitation,
and
psychic
disturbances.
Albuminuria
has
also
been
reported.
Ethyl
ether
is
a
mild
skin
irritant;
repeated
exposure
causes
drying
and
cracking.

Ether
addiction,
though
not
common,
should
be
mentioned
as
a
not
too
remote
possibility
in
industries
where
access
to
ether,
either
liquid
or
vapor,
is
possible.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Vols.
I&
II.
Geneva,
Switzerland:
International
Labour
Office,
1983.,
p.
786
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
2509
Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
498
Mackison,
F.
W.,
R.
S.
Stricoff,
and
L.
J.
Partridge,
Jr.
(
eds.).
NIOSH/
OSHA
­
Occupational
Health
Guidelines
for
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS(
NIOSH)
Publication,
p.
1;
No.
81­
123
(
3
VOLS).
Washington,
DC:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
Jan.
1981.,
p.
1
Page
37
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
1.90E+
00
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
1.90E+
00
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1.00E­
02
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
38
Toxicological
Profile
of
Methyl
Isobutyl
Ketone
(
MIBK)
(
Isopropylacetone)
CAS
#:
108­
10­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
117
­
118
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Moderately
soluble
in
water
(
1.91%);
miscible
with
alcohol,
benzene,
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
50
ppm;
205
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
C­
352
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
749
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
164
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Yalkowsky
SH,
Dannenfelser
RM;
The
AQUASOL
dATAbASE
of
Aqueous
Solubility.
Fifth
ed,
Tucson,
AZ:
Univ
Az,
College
of
Pharmacy
(
1992)

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
C­
352
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
772
Lyman
WJ
et
al;
Handbook
of
Chemical
Property
Estimation
Methods
NY:
McGraw­
Hill
p.
5­
5
(
1982)
Page
39
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
No
chronic
effects
were
found
regarding
this
chemical
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
of
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
8.00E­
02
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.29E­
02
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
40
Toxicological
Profile
of
m­
Cresol
CAS
#:
108­
39­
4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
202
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless
to
yellow
liquid
[
Note:
A
solid
below
54
degrees
°
F]
Solubility:
Soluble
in
about
40
parts
water;
soluble
in
solutions
of
fixed
alkali
hydroxides;
Soluble
in
alcohol,
chloroform,
ether,
carbon
tetrachloride,
acetone,
benzene,
and
other
org
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
22
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
369
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
78
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
369
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics,
68th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1987­
1988.
C­
220
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
2598
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Page
41
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation.
No
other
chronic
effects
were
found
regarding
this
chemical
at
the
time
of
this
review.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
148
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
II­
192
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
m­
cresol
has
a
C
classification
(
possible
human
carcinogen).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
an
increased
incidence
of
skin
papillomas
in
mice
in
an
initiation­
promotion
study.
The
three
cresol
isomers
produced
positive
results
in
genetic
toxicity
studies
both
alone
and
in
combination.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Limited.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
3­
Methylphenol
(
108­
39­
4)
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
November
1,
1994
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Page
42
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
43
Toxicological
Profile
of
p­
Cresol
CAS
#:
106­
44­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
201.9
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless
crystals
or
prisms
Solubility:
Soluble
at
2.5
g
in
100
ml
water
@
50
deg
°
C;
soluble
in
aqueous
alkali
hydroxides,
organic
solvents,
alcohol,
ether,
acetate
and
benzene.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
22
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics,
68th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1987­
1988.
C­
220
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
369
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics,
68th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1987­
1988.
C­
220
Lefaux,
R.
Practical
Toxicology
of
Plastics.
Cleveland:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1968.,
p.
122
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
2598
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
321
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
78
Page
44
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
369
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics,
68th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1987­
1988.
C­
220
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
2598
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
148
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
II­
192
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
p­
cresol
has
a
C
classification
(
possible
human
carcinogen).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
an
increased
incidence
of
skin
papillomas
in
mice
in
an
initiation­
promotion
study.
The
three
cresol
isomers
produced
positive
results
in
genetic
toxicity
studies
both
alone
and
in
combination.
Page
45
Human
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Limited.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
4­
Methylphenol
(
106­
44­
5)
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
November
1,
1994
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
46
Toxicological
Profile
of
Cresylic
Acid
(
Cresol)
CAS
#:
1319­
77­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
191­
203
Deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless,
yellowish,
brownish­
yellow,
or
pinkish
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
about
50
parts
water;
miscible
with
alcohol,
benzene,
ether,
glycerol,
petroleum
ether;
soluble
in
solutions
of
fixed
alkali
hydroxides;
soluble
in
glycol
and
vegetable
oils.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
22
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
320
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
369
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
369
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
2598
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
ed.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
320
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;
Page
47
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Prolonged
or
repeated
absorption
of
low
concentrations
of
cresol
through
the
skin,
mucous
membranes,
or
respiratory
tract
may
cause
chronic
systemic
poisoning.
Symptoms
and
signs
of
chronic
poisoning
include
vomiting,
difficulty
in
swallowing,
salivation,
diarrhea,
loss
of
appetite,
headache,
fainting,
dizziness,
mental
disturbances,
and
skin
rash.
Death
may
result
if
there
has
been
severe
damage
to
the
liver
and
kidneys.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sittig,
M.
Handbook
of
Toxic
And
Hazardous
Chemicals.
Park
Ridge,
NJ:
Noyes
Data
Corporation,
1981.,
p.
192
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
148
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]
Page
48
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
49
Toxicological
Profile
of
Pyridine
CAS
#:
110­
86­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
115­
116
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless
to
yellow
liquid.
Solubility:
Miscible
with
water
at
20
deg
°
C;
miscible
with
alcohol,
ether,
&
petroleum
ether,
acetone,
benzene,
oils
and
many
organic
liquids.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
16
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1267
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1267
ITII.
Toxic
and
Hazarous
Industrial
Chemicals
Safety
Manual.
Tokyo,
Japan:
The
International
Technical
Information
Institute,
1982.,
p.
452
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
272
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Kirk­
Othmer
Encyclopedia
of
Chemical
Technology.
3rd
ed.,
Volumes
1­
26.
New
York,
NY:
John
Wiley
and
Sons,
1978­
1984.
19
(
82)
454­
83
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1267
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
75th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Fl:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1994­
1995.
3­
297
Page
50
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
mild
symptoms
of
CNS
injury.
Chronic
administration,
in
doses
that
produce
no
acute
effects,
may
cause
kidney
and
liver
damage.
No
other
chronic
effects
were
noted
at
the
time
of
this
review.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

POISINDEX
(
R)
database
for
treatment
purposes.
Copyright
1974­
year
Micromedex,
Inc.

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1150
International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Vols.
I&
II.
Geneva,
Switzerland:
International
Labour
Office,
1983.,
p.
1577
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1.00E­
03
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
51
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
52
Toxicological
Profile
of
2­
Nitropropane
CAS
#:
79­
46­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
120.3
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
at
1.7
ml/
100
ml
in
water;
soluble
in
chloroform;
miscible
with
most
aromatic
hydrocarbons,
ketones,
esters,
most
ethers
&
the
lower
carboxylic
acids.
OSHA
PEL:
10
ppm;
36
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1048
Form
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
832
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
230
Solubility
­
Sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1048
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
3­
414
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
441
Page
53
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
concentrations
above
25
ppm
may
produce
anorexia,
nausea,
vomiting,
headache,
and
diarrhea
in
industrial
workers.
Chronic
exposures
to
higher
levels
have
been
associated
with
hepatic
damage.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

POISINDEX
(
R)
Database
for
treatment
purposes.
Copyright
1974­
year
Micromedex,
Inc.

Ellenhorn,
M.
J.
and
D.
G.
Barceloux.
Medical
Toxicology
­
Diagnosis
and
Treatment
of
Human
Poisoning.
New
York,
NY:
Elsevier
Science
Publishing
Co.,
Inc.
1988.,
p.
967
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
441
Carcinogenicity
The
Human
Health
Assessment
Group
in
EPA's
Office
of
Health
and
Environmental
Assessment
has
evaluated
2­
nitropropane
for
carcinogenicity.

According
to
their
analysis,
the
weight­
of­
evidence
for
2­
nitropropane
is
group
B2,
which
is
based
on
inadequate
evidence
in
humans
and
sufficient
evidence
in
animals.
As
a
group
B2
chemical,
2­
nitropropane
is
considered
to
be
a
probable
human
carcinogen.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

USEPA;
Methodology
for
Evaluating
Potential
Carcinogenicity
in
Support
of
Reportable
Quantity
Adjustments
Pursuant
to
Cercla
Section
102
(
Final)
p.
41
(
1988)
Page
54
EPA/
600/
8­
89/
053
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological,
p.
28]
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
1995.,
p.
28
IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
S7
67
(
1987)

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
9.40E+
00
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5.71E­
03
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
A2:
Suspected
human
carcinogen
Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
55
Chemicals
of
Low
to
Moderate
Toxicological
Concern
Page
56
Fate
Profile
for
Ethyl
Acetate
CAS
#:
141­
78­
6
Overview
Ethyl
acetate
is
emitted
to
the
air
and
discharged
into
wastewater
during
its
production
and
use
as
an
industrial
solvent
and
in
organic
synthesis.
It
is
also
released
into
the
air
during
the
formation
of
whiskey
and
beer.
Ethyl
acetate
metabolism
produces
corresponding
ethyl
alcohol
and
is
partly
excreted
in
exhaled
air
a
urine
and
partly
metabolized.
The
biologigal
half­
life
values
of
the
conversion
of
ethyl
acetate
to
ethanol
in
vitro
and
I
vivo
were
found
to
be
65
and
5­
10
min,
respectively.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
on
soil,
ethyl
acetate
will
be
lost
by
evaporation
and
leaching
into
groundwater.
Biodegradation
should
also
occur
because
it
is
readily
biodegradable
in
both
aerobic
and
anaerobic
systems,
but
rates
for
these
processes
in
natural
systems
are
not
available.
Ethyl
acetate
is
very
soluble
in
water
(
64
g/
l
at
25
deg
°
C
)
and
therefore
would
not
be
expected
to
adsorb
significantly
to
soil.
Because
of
its
high
vapor
pressure
(
69
torr
at
19
deg
°
C)
and
low
adsorption
to
soil,
ethyl
acetate
would
be
expected
to
volatilize
rapidly
from
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
in
water,
ethyl
acetate
will
primarily
be
lost
by
volatilization
(
half­
life
10
hr
from
a
typical
river).
Diffusions
through
the
liquid
and
vapor
phases
are
an
important
element
in
the
volatilization
process
so
changes
in
current
and
wind
will
affect
the
rate.
Biodegradation
should
also
occur,
but
rates
of
biodegradation
relevant
to
natural
waters
are
lacking.
Ethyl
acetate
would
not
be
expected
to
adsorb
to
sediment
or
particulate
matter.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
ethyl
acetate
will
react
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
(
clean
atmosphere
half­
life
8.3
days;
moderately
polluted
half­
life
2.1
days).
Under
photochemical
smog
conditions
1.9­
3.4%
of
the
ethyl
acetate
is
lost
per
hour.
Page
57
Toxicological
Profile
of
Ethyl
Acetate
CAS
#:
141­
78­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
77
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
1
ml
in
10
ml
water
at
25
deg
c;
sol
in
alcohol,
ether,
acetone,
and
benzene;
miscible
with
chloroform,
in
fixed
&
volatile
oils.
OSHA
PEL:
400
ppm;
1400
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
poisoning
has
been
described
as
producing
anemia,
leucocytosis
(
transient
increase
in
the
white
blood
cell
count)
and
cloudy
swelling,
and
fatty
degeneration
of
the
viscera
in
animal
studies.
Chronic
exposure
to
solvent
mixtures
including
ethyl
acetate
has
been
associated
with
poorer
performance
on
neurobehavioral
tests.
On
repeated
or
prolonged
exposures,
it
may
cause
conjunctival
irritation
and
corneal
clouding.
Chronic
effects
may
resulted
in
damage
to
liver
and
kidneys.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
9E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
to
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
58
Fate
Profile
for
Nitric
Acid
CAS
#:
7697­
37­
2
Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
nitric
acid
will
dissolve
some
of
the
soil
material,
in
particular,
the
carbonate
based
materials
during
transport
through
the
soil.
The
acid
will
be
neutralized
to
some
degree
with
adsorption
of
the
proton
also
occurring
on
clay
materials.
However,
significant
amounts
of
acid
are
expected
to
remain
for
transport
down
toward
the
groundwater
table.
Upon
reaching
the
groundwater
table,
the
acid
will
continue
to
move,
now
in
the
direction
of
the
groundwater
flow.
A
contaminated
plume
will
be
produced
with
dilution
and
dispersion
serving
to
reduce
the
acid
concentration.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
elevated
nitrate
levels
will
stimulate
plankton
and
aquatic
weed
growth.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
nitric
acid
vapor
may
be
scavenged
by
incorporation
into
snow.
Dry
deposition
of
nitric
acid
to
forests
may
also
occur.
Page
59
Toxicological
Profile
of
Nitric
Acid
CAS
#:
7697­
37­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
83
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless,
yellow,
or
red,
fuming
liquid.
Solubility:
Soluble
in
all
proportions
in
cold,
hot
water;
soluble
in
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
500
ppm;
2000
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
may
be
associated
with
changes
in
pulmonary
function,
chronic
bronchitis,
conjunctivitis,
and
overt
symptoms
resembling
acute
viral
respiratory
tract
infection.
Discoloration
and
erosion
of
dental
enamel
can
occur.
Chemical
pneumonitis,
pulmonary
fibrosis,
and
changes
in
pulmonary
function
can
also
occur.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
to
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
60
Fate
Profile
for
Cyclohexanone
CAS
#:
108­
94­
1
Fate
in
Soil
If
release
in
soil,
cyclohexanone
is
estimated
to
be
highly
mobile
in
soil.
In
view
of
cyclohexanone's
moderate
vapor
pressure,
4.33
mm
Hg
at
25
degC,
and
low
soil
adsorptivity,
it
would
be
expected
to
volatilize
from
surface
layers
of
soil.
Although
data
are
lacking,
it
may
also
undergo
direct
photolysis
on
the
soil
surface.
Cyclohexanone
is
readily
biodegradable
according
to
aerobic
screening
tests
and
therefore
would
be
expected
to
biodegrade
in
soil.
Adsorption
to
sediment
should
be
minimal
based
upon
its
high
water
solubility
and
low
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient.

Fate
in
Air
In
the
atmosphere,
cyclohexanone
will
degrade
by
reacting
with
photochemically­
produced
hydroxyl
radicals.
Its
estimated
half­
life
resulting
from
this
reaction
is
1.3
days.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
in
water,
cyclohexanone
would
be
slowly
lost
by
volatiliza
tion.
Bioconcentration
in
aquatic
organisms
should
be
minimal
based
upon
its
high
water
solubility
and
low
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient.
The
Henry's
Law
constant
for
cyclohexanone,
9.00X10­
6
atm­
cu
m/
mol
at
25
deg
C,
may
be
used
to
estimated
the
volatilization
half­
lives
of
cyclohexanone
from
a
model
river
and
lake.
Its
half­
life
in
a
1
m
deep
model
river
with
a
1
m/
s
current
and
3
m/
s
wind
is
4.1
days.
Its
half­
life
in
a
model
lake
1
m
deep
with
a
0.05
m/
s
current
and
a
0.5
m/
s
wind
is
33
days.
Cyclohexanone
is
readily
biodegradable
according
to
aerobic
screening
tests
and
in
a
die­
away
test
performed
using
microorganisms
from
river
water
and
therefore,
may
be
expected
to
biodegrade
in
natural
waters.
It
also
would
be
expected
to
biodegrade,
but
rates
in
natural
water
are
unavailable.
Page
61
Toxicological
Profile
of
Cyclohexanone
CAS
#:
108­
94­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
155.6
deg
 
C
Form:
Water­
white
to
pale­
yellow
liquid
Solubility:
150
g/
L
in
water
@
10
deg
 
C;
50
g/
l
in
water
@
30
deg
 
C;
sol
in
acetone,
ethyl
ether,
ethanol,
alcohol,
ether,
and
other
common
organic
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
50
ppm;
200
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
of
cyclohexanone
may
cause
central
nervous
system
(
CNS)
depression,
liver
and
kidney
degeneration,
and
loss
of
coordination.
Intraperitoneal
injections
have
revealed
no
damage
to
the
peripheral
nervous
system.
Humans
will
be
primarily
exposed
to
cyclohexanone
by
inhalation
or
dermal
contact
in
occupational
settings.

Carcinogenicity
There
is
inadequate
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
cyclohexanone
in
experimental
animals.

No
data
were
available
from
studies
in
humans
on
the
carcinogenicity
of
cyclohexanone.

Overall
evaluation:
Cyclohexanone
is
not
classifiable
as
to
its
carcinogenicity
to
humans.
(
Group
3)

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
62
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
to
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)
Page
63
Fate
Data
of
Iron
Oxide
CAS
#:
1309­
37­
1
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
64
Toxicological
Profile
of
Iron
Oxide
CAS
#:
1309­
37­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
No
data
Form:
Reddish
brown
powder
Solubility:
Negligible
solubility
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
15
mg/
cu
m,
total
dust;
5
mg/
cu
m,
respirable
fraction.

Chronic
Toxicity
If
respirable
particles
are
inhaled,
they
will
persist
in
the
lung.
If
iron
oxides
are
contaminated
with
PAHs
and
inhaled,
there
is
some
epidemiologic
evidence
that
they
will
act
as
co­
carcinogens.

Carcinogenicity
No
evidence
on
carcinogenicity
on
animals.
Human
carcinogenicity:
inadequate
evidence.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
to
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Inadequate
evidence
in
humans
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
65
Fate
Data
of
Ethyl
Toluene
CAS
#:
611­
14­
3
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
66
Toxicological
Profile
of
Ethyl
Toluene
(
Benzene,
1­
ethyl­
2­
methyl­)
CAS
#:
611­
14­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
164­
165
deg
 
C
Form:
No
data
Solubility:
No
data
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Chronic
Toxicity
There
are
concerns
for
mutagenicity
and
developmental/
reproductive
toxicity
based
on
the
methylbenzyene
moiety.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
to
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
67
Fate
Profile
for
1,2,4­
Trimethylbenzene
CAS
#:
95­
63­
6
Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
volatilization
from
moist
and
dry
soil
surfaces
is
expected
to
occur
based
on
a
measured
Henry's
Law
constant
of
6.16X10­
3
atm­
cu
m/
mole
and
a
vapor
pressure
of
2.1
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
An
estimated
Koc
value
of
720
suggests
that
1,2,4­
trimethylbenzene
will
have
low
mobility
in
soil.
1,2,4­
Trimethylbenzene
is
expected
to
aerobically
biodegrade
in
both
soil
and
water.
Anaerobic
aquifer
microcosms
did
not
show
significant
biodegradation
in
comparison
to
poisoned
controls.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
1,2,4­
trimethylbenzene
may
adsorb
to
sediment
or
particulate
matter
based
on
its
Koc
value
of
720.
A
Henry's
Law
constant
for
1,2,4­
trimethylbenzene
of
6.16X10­
3
atm­
cu
m/
mole
was
measured
and
indicates
that
1,2,4­
trimethylbenzene
will
volatilize
from
water
surfaces.
Based
on
this
Henry's
Law
constant,
the
volatilization
half­
life
from
a
model
river
(
1
m
deep,
flowing
1
m/
sec,
wind
velocity
of
3
m/
sec)
is
estimated
as
approximately
3
hours.
The
volatilization
half­
life
from
a
model
lake
(
1
m
deep,
flowing
0.05
m/
sec,
wind
velocity
of
0.5
m/
sec)
is
estimated
as
approximately
4
days.
Adsorption
to
sediment
and
particulate
matter
may
attenuate
this
process.
Bioconcentration
in
aquatic
organisms
is
moderate
to
high
based
on
BCF
values
of
31­
275,
measured
in
carp.
1,2,4­
Trimethylbenzene
is
expected
to
photodegrade
in
natural
waters.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
1,2,4­
trimethylbenzene
will
exist
solely
in
the
vapor
phase
in
the
ambient
atmosphere,
based
on
a
measured
vapor
pressure
of
2.1
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
Vapor­
phase
1,2,4­
trimethylbenzene
is
degraded
in
the
atmosphere
by
reaction
with
photochemically­
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
and
nitrate
radicals
with
half­
lives
of
about
12
hours
and
6­
30
days,
respectively.
Page
68
Toxicological
Profile
of
1,2,4­
Trimethylbenzene
CAS
#:
95­
63­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
168.89
deg
 
C
Form:
Clear,
colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
all
proportions
in
acetone,
petroleum
ether;
insoluble
in
water;
miscible
with
ethyl
alcohol,
benzene,
and
ethyl
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Chronic
Toxicity
A
tendency
toward
asthmatic
bronchitis,
hypochromic
anemia
and
clotting
abnormalities
have
been
noted
with
chronic
occupational
exposure.
Gross
necropsy
observations
in
low
doses
have
included
speckled
cortical
surfaces
in
kidneys,
and
white
gelatinous
material
in
bladders.
Observations
in
high
dose
group
animals
included
various
spots
on
kidneys
and
livers,
enlarged
adrenals,
mottled
and
red
thymus,
gas
filled
and
yellow
intestines,
and
congested
lungs.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5E­
02
E
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
to
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
69
Chemicals
of
Moderate
Toxicological
Concern
Page
70
Fate
Profile
for
Benzin
CAS
#:
8030­
30­
6
Overview
Petroleum
ether
is
a
mixture
of
hydrocarbons
having
carbon
numbers
predominately
in
the
range
of
C5
through
C6,
which
have
boiling
point
ranges
of
38
to
93
degrees
°
C.
The
hydrocarbons
used
for
the
estimation
of
petroleum
ether's
chemical
properties
were
cyclopentane,
pentane,
cyclohexane,
isohexane,
and
1,1­
dimethylcyclopentane.

Petroleum
ether's
use
as
a
solvent
and
pharmaceutic
aid
may
result
in
its
release
to
the
environment
through
various
waste
streams.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
volatilization
of
petroleum
ether
will
be
rapid
with
estimated
half­
lives
of
2.5
to
2.7
hours
and
3.3
to
3.7
days
from
a
model
environmental
river
and
a
model
lake,
respectively.

Bioconcentration
of
petroleum
ether
in
aquatic
organisms
is
not
expected
to
be
an
important
fate
process
because
of
the
expected
moderate
water
solubility
of
petroleum
ether
fractions.
Petroleum
ether
will
biodegrade
in
natural
waters
based
on
a
variety
of
biodegradation
studies.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
adsorption
to
sediment
will
vary
based
on
estimated
Koc
values
of
81
to
650.
Bioconcentration
of
petroleum
ether
in
aquatic
organisms
may
not
be
an
important
fate
process.
Volatilization
of
petroleum
ether
is
expected
from
both
moist
and
dry
soils
based
on
estimated
Henry's
Law
constants
of
0.19
to
1.7
atm­
cu
m/
mol
and
an
estimated
vapor
pressure
of
35
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
Petroleum
ether
will
biodegrade
in
soil
conditions
based
on
a
variety
of
biodegradation
studies.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
petroleum
ether
will
exist
primarily
in
the
vapor
phase
based
on
an
estimated
vapor
pressure
of
approximately
35
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
Vapor­
phase
petroleum
ether
will
degrade
in
the
atmosphere
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
with
estimated
half­
lives
of
approximately
4
to
8
days.
Removal
of
atmospheric
petroleum
ether
may
occur
through
wet
deposition.
Page
71
Page
72
Toxicological
Profile
of
Benzin
(
Petroleum
Ether)
CAS
#:
8030­
30­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
35­
80
deg
 
C
Form:
Clear,
colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Miscible
with
absolute
alcohol,
benzene,
chloroform,
ether,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,
and
oils
except
castor
oil.
OSHA
PEL:
8­
Hr
Time
Weighted
Avg:
100
ppm;
400
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
or
repeated
exposure
to
benzin
may
result
in
skin
irritation
due
to
defatting
of
the
skin.
Chronic
neurotoxic
effects
may
include
motor
polyneuropathy
and
central
nervous
system
(
CNS)
depression.
Occupational
exposure
studies
in
women
have
shown
reduced
estrogen
level
in
the
blood,
but
essentially,
no
changes
have
been
observed
in
the
excretion
of
the
follicle­
stimulating
and
luteinizing
hormone
pregnanediol.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
73
Fate
Profile
for
Kerosene
CAS
#:
8008­
20­
6
Overview
Kerosene
is
a
mixture
of
petroleum
hydrocarbons,
chiefly
C10­
C16
alkanes,
and
a
typical
analysis
includes
the
identification
of
n­
dodecane,
alkyl
benzene
derivatives,
naphthalene,
and
tetrahydronaphthalenes.
Henry's
Law
constants
for
these
representative
classes
of
compounds
range
from
approximately
6.7X10+
0
to
3.7X10­
4
atm­
cu
m/
mole
at
25
deg
°
C.
The
magnitude
of
these
values
indicates
that
kerosene
may
rapidly
volatilize
from
water
and
moist
soil
to
the
atmosphere.
The
vapor
pressure
of
kerosene,
0.48
mm
Hg
indicates
that
it
may
rapidly
volatilize
from
dry
soil
to
the
atmosphere.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
kerosene
is
expected
to
biodegrade
under
both
aerobic
and
anaerobic
conditions.
Some
components
of
kerosene
may
adsorb
very
strongly
to
soil.
Kerosene
may
rapidly
volatilize
from
both
moist
and
dry
soil
although
its
expected
strong
adsorption
may
significantly
attenuate
the
rate
of
this
process.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
kerosene
is
expected
to
biodegrade
under
both
aerobic
and
anaerobic
conditions.
Some
components
of
kerosene
may
significantly
bioconcentrate
in
fish
and
aquatic
organisms
and
strongly
adsorb
to
sediment
and
suspended
organic
matter.
The
estimated
half­
life
for
volatilization
of
kerosene
from
a
model
river
is
3­
6
hrs
while
that
from
a
model
lake
is
>
130
days;
the
former
model
does
not
account
for
the
attenuating
effect
of
adsorption.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
kerosene
may
undergo
oxidation
by
a
gas­
phase
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
with
an
estimated
half­
life
of
2­
3.4
days.
Estimated
rate
constants
for
the
oxidation
of
these
representative
classes
of
compounds
ranging
from
1.2­
2.2X10­
11
cm/
molec­
sec
at
25
deg
°
C
translates
to
an
atmospheric
half­
life
for
kerosene
of
2­
3.4
days
using
an
average
atmospheric
hydroxyl
radical
concn
of
5X10+
5
molec/
cu­
cm.
Page
74
Toxicological
Profile
of
Kerosene
CAS
#:
8008­
20­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
175­
325
deg
 
C
Form:
Pale
yellow
or
water­
white,
mobile,
oily
liquid.
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
miscible
with
other
petroleum
solvents.
NIOSH:
10­
hr
Time­
Weighted
avg:
100
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
or
repeated
exposure
can
result
in
skin
irritation
due
to
defatting
of
the
skin.
Chronic
effects
from
kerosene
may
cause
morphologic
and
cytoenzymic
changes
in
lungs.
A
case
of
fatal
hypoplastic
anemia
was
attributed
to
years
of
occupational
exposure
to
kerosene
used
as
a
degreasing
agent
for
machine
parts.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
75
Fate
Data
of
DOP
CAS
#:
117­
81­
7
Overview
Bis­(
2­
ethylhexyl)
phthalate
(
DEHP)
is
used
as
a
plasticizer
for
polyvinylchloride
(
PVC)
and
other
polymers
in
large
quantities
and
is
likely
to
be
released
to
air
and
water
during
production
and
waste
disposal
of
these
plastic
products.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
DEHP
will
neither
evaporate
nor
leach
into
groundwater.
Limited
data
is
available
to
suggest
that
it
may
biodegrade
in
soil
under
aerobic
conditions
following
acclimation.

In
one
study,
evaporation
rates
from
the
leaves
of
Sinapis
alba
in
a
closed
terrestrial
simulation
chamber
of
<
0.8
and
<
0.5
ng/
sq
cm­
hr
(
below
detection
limits)
during
time
intervals
of
0­
1
and
8­
15
days
after
application
of
2.78
ug/
sq
cm
onto
the
leaves,
respectively.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
DEHP
will
biodegrade
fairly
rapidly
(
half­
life
2­
3
weeks)
following
a
period
of
acclimation.
It
will
also
strongly
adsorb
to
sediments
(
log
Koc
4
to
5)
and
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms.
Evaporation
and
hydrolysis
are
not
significant
aquatic
processes.

DEHP
has
a
very
low
vapor
pressure
(
1x10­
7
torr)
and
Henry's
Law
constant
(
1x10­
4)
and
therefore,
it
should
not
evaporate
from
water.
A
calculated
half­
life
of
evaporation
from
water
of
15
yrs
has
been
reported.

Fate
in
Air
If
release
to
the
atmosphere,
DEHP
will
be
carried
long
distances
and
be
removed
by
rain.
Page
76
Toxicological
Profile
of
DOP
(
BIS(
2­
ETHYLHEXYL)
PHTHALATE)
CAS
#:
117­
81­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
230
deg
 
C
(
at
5
mm
Hg)
Form:
Colorless,
oily
liquid.
Solubility:
Less
than
0.01%
in
water
@
25
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
blood
and
fluids
containing
lipoproteins;
miscible
with
mineral
oil
&
hexane.
NIOSH:
10­
hr
Time­
Weighted
avg:
5
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
of
DOP
may
cause
seminiferous
tubular
degeneration
and
hypertrophy
of
cells
in
the
anterior
pituitary.
Viewed
as
a
experimental
teratogen.
In
chronic
toxicity
tests
on
rainbow
trout,
brook
trout,
fathead
minnows,
and
channel
catfish,
the
amount
of
vertebral
collagen
synthesis
was
found
to
decrease
in
the
presence
of
bis(
2­
ethyl
hexyl)
phthalate.
DEHP
showed
no
increases
in
chromosomal
aberrations
in
human
fetal
lung
cells
or
human
leukocytes.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
IRIS
database,
DOP
has
a
B2
classification
(
probable
human
carcinogen).

Basis
for
classification:
Orally
administered
DEHP
produced
significant
dose­
related
increases
in
liver
tumor
responses
in
rats
and
mice
of
both
sexes.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Sufficient.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
77
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Probable
human
carcinogen
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
78
Fate
Profile
for
2­
Butoxyethanol
CAS
#:
111­
76­
2
Overview
Alcohols
and
ethers
are
generally
resistant
to
hydrolysis.
Such
functional
groups
do
not
absorb
UV
light
at
environmentally
significant
wavelengths
(>
290
nm)
and
are
commonly
used
as
solvents
for
obtaining
UV
spectra.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
is
expected
to
have
high
mobility
based
on
as
estimated
Koc
of
67.
Volatilization
of
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
is
not
expected
to
be
important
from
moist
soil
surfaces
but
may
be
important
from
dry
soil
surfaces
based
on
an
estimated
Henry's
Law
constant
of
2X10­
8
atm­
cu
m/
mol
and
a
measured
vapor
pressure
of
0.88
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C,
respectively.
According
to
several
biodegradation
tests,
aerobic
degradation
of
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
should
occur
rapidly
in
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
is
not
expected
to
adsorb
to
suspended
solids
and
sediment
given
its
estimated
Koc
value.
Ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
is
expected
to
be
essentially
non­
volatile
from
water
surfaces
because
of
its
Henry's
Law
constant
(
2X10­
8
atm­
cu
m/
mole).
An
estimated
BCF
value
of
2.5
suggests
that
bioconcentration
of
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
will
be
low
in
aquatic
organisms.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
will
exist
as
a
vapor
based
on
its
experimental
vapor
pressure
of
0.88
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
Vapor­
phase
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
is
degraded
in
the
atmosphere
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
with
an
estimated
half­
life
of
about
20
hours.
Particulate­
phase
ethylene
glycol
mono­
n­
butyl
ether
may
be
physically
removed
from
the
air
by
wet
deposition.
Page
79
Toxicological
Profile
of
2­
Butoxyethanol
(
Ethylene
Glycol
Mono­
n­
butyl
Ether)
CAS
#:
111­
76­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
171­
172
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
Liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
most
org
solvents,
in
mineral
oil;
mixes
in
all
proportions
with
acetone,
benzene,
carbon
tetrachloride,
ethyl
ether,
n­
heptane
and
water;
miscible
in
all
proportions
with
many
ketones,
ethers,
alcohols,
aromatic
paraffin
and
halogenated
hydrocarbons.
OSHA
PEL:
50
ppm;
240
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
to
the
inhalation
of
2­
butoxyethanol
may
cause
audible
respiration,
lethargy,
red
discolored
urine,
slight
to
moderate
lung
congestion,
bronchopneumonia,
follicular
phagocytosis
and
congestion
of
the
spleen,
and
testicular
atrophy.
In
rats,
inhalation
caused
adaptation
in
rats
and
mice,
probably
consisting
of
changes
of
enzyme
systems
of
erythrocytes,
protecting
hemoglobin
and
erythrocyte
membrane
from
peroxidation.
Dermal
effects
may
include
scaling
and
flaking
of
the
skin,
necrosis,
edema,
and
erythema,
nasal
discharge,
and
emaciation.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
reveiw.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
80
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
81
Fate
Data
of
Turpentine
CAS
#:
8006­
64­
2
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
82
Toxicological
Profile
of
Turpentine
CAS
#:
8006­
64­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
154­
170
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
soluble
in
5
vol
alcohol;
miscible
with
benzene,
chloroform,
ether,
carbon
disulfide,
petroleum
ether
&
oils.
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm;
560
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
ataxia,
kidney
damage,
gastrointestinal
(
G.
I.)
irritation,
and
dermal
irritation.
Occupational
exposures
primarily
involves
airborne
contaminants
/
including
turpentine/
may
affect
the
course
of
pregnancy,
the
development
of
the
embryo
and
fetus,
or
both.

Carcinogenicity
Benign
skin
tumors
from
chronic
exposure.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
83
Fate
Profile
of
Butyl
Carbamate
(
3­
Iodo­
2­
propynyl
butyl
carbamate)
CAS
#:
55406­
53­
6
There
is
currently
very
little
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
This
chemical
will
take
weeks
to
complete
ultimate
aerobic
biodegradation.
The
migration
to
water
is
negligible.
The
hydrolysis
half­
life
will
also
be
weeks
and
the
sorption
to
soils/
sediments
is
low
to
moderate.
Butyl
carbamate
has
a
Low
Kow
of
2.45
and
a
vapor
pressure
of
4.64­
4
at
25
deg
°
C.
Page
84
Toxicological
Profile
of
Butyl
Carbamate
(
3­
Iodo­
2­
propynyl
butyl
carbamate)
CAS
#:
55406­
53­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
65
­
68
deg
°
C
Form:
Off­
white
crystalline
solid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
water
(
156
ppm)
at
20
deg
°
C
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Chronic
Toxicity
There
is
some
concern
for
developmental
toxicity
based
on
the
carbamate
and
alkylating
activity.
No
other
chronic
health
concerns
have
been
identified.

Carcinogenicity
According
to
the
IARC
Cancer
Review,
there
is
limited
evidence
of
animal
carcinogenicity.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
limited
evidence
of
animal
carcinogenicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
85
Fate
Profile
for
Hexane
CAS
#:
110­
54­
3
Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
the
soil,
volatilization
from
the
soil
surface
and
biodegradation
is
expected
to
be
significant.
n­
Butanol
should
not
bind
strongly
to
soil
and
so
is
expected
to
leach
into
groundwater
or
to
biodegrade.
Using
a
measured
log
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient
of
0.88,
a
soil
sorption
coefficient
(
Koc)
of
71.6
was
estimated.
A
Koc
of
this
magnitude
suggests
that
n­
butanol
will
be
moderately
to
highly
mobile
in
the
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
biodegradation
and
in
volatilization
from
the
water
surface
is
expected.
The
actual
tendency
of
n­
butanol
to
volatilize
depends
upon
the
temperature,
turbulence,
wind
speed,
current
velocity
and
the
depth
of
the
water
bodies.
The
volatilization
half­
life
from
water
or
soil
for
a
depth
of
1
meter
is
estimated
to
be
53.9
hours.
Photooxidation
by
hydroxyl
radicals
is
expected
to
be
slow.
Bioconcentration
is
not
expected
to
be
significant.
Volatilization
from
the
water
surface
is
expected
to
occur
with
estimated
half­
lives
of
2.4
hr,
3.9
hr
and
125.9
days
in
streams,
rivers
and
lakes.
n­
Butanol
is
not
expected
to
bind
strongly
to
suspended
sediments.
Bioconcentration
is
not
expected
to
be
significant.
The
rate
of
the
reaction
between
hydroxyl
radicals
and
n­
butanol
in
water
is
2.2X10+
9
l/
mol
sec.
Assuming
an
hydroxyl
radical
concentration
of
1X10­
17
M
in
water,
this
corresponds
to
a
half­
life
of
about
1
year.

Fate
in
Air
Vapor
phase
n­
butanol
in
the
atmosphere
is
expected
to
react
with
photochemically
generated
hydroxyl
radicals
with
a
half­
life
of
1.2
(
experimental)­
2.3
(
estimated)
days.
If
released
into
the
environment,
n­
butanol
is
expected
to
result
from
its
use
as
a
solvent
in
a
variety
of
products.
It
may
also
be
released
by
the
action
of
anaerobic
microorganisms.
Page
86
Toxicological
Profile
of
Hexane
CAS
#:
110­
54­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
68.74
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
miscible
in
chloroform,
ether,
and
alcohol.
OSHA
PEL:
500
ppm;
1800
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
an
average
air
concn
of
450­
650
ppm
for
as
little
as
2
months
may
result
in
peripheral
neuropathy,
characterized
by
muscular
weakness,
loss
of
sensation,
and
impaired
gait.
Exposures
may
cause
peripheral
neuropathies,
blurred
vision
and
cerebral
dysfunction.
There
have
been
reports
that
concluded
n­
hexane
vapor
levels
of
<
100
ppm
for
8
hr/
day
were
not
likely
to
produce
a
clinical
neuropathy,
but
mild
subclinical
changes
in
muscle
strength
and
nerve
conduction
velocity
may
occur.
Levels
below
100
ppm
may
be
neuropathic
if
extensive
skin
exposures
also
occur.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
6E­
02
H
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5.71E­
02
I
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Toxicity
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
87
Fate
Profile
for
Ethyl
Alcohol
CAS
#:
64­
17­
5
Overview
Ethanol
will
enter
the
environment
as
emissions
from
its
manufacture,
use
as
a
solvent
and
chemical
intermediate,
and
release
in
fermentation
and
alcoholic
beverage
preparation.
It
naturally
occurs
as
a
plant
volatile,
microbial
degradation
product
of
animal
wastes,
and
in
natural
fermentation
of
carbohydrates.
Acetaldehyde
and
acetic
acid
are
usually
detected
as
the
urinary
metabolites
of
ethanol.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
ethanol
will
both
evaporate
and
leach
into
the
ground
due
to
the
relatively
high
vapor
pressure
and
low
adsorption
in
soil.
It
will
biodegrade
in
soil,
probably
to
acetic
acid
and
formaldehyde.
If
degradation
is
not
rapid,
it
will
leach
into
groundwater.
No
information
on
the
adsorption
of
ethanol
could
be
found
in
the
literature.
Its
low
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient
(
log
P)
indicates
that
its
adsorption
to
soil
will
be
low.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
into
water,
ethanol
will
volatilize
(
estimated
half
life
is
6
days)
and
biodegrade.
It
will
not
sorb
to
sediment
or
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms.
Although
it
readily
biodegrades
in
laboratory
tests,
no
data
on
its
rate
of
degradation
in
natural
waters
could
be
found.

The
estimated
half
life
for
evaporation
of
ethanol
from
water
1m
deep
with
a
1m/
sec
current
and
3m/
sec
wind
is
6.1
days
and
the
gas
exchange
rate
plays
a
more
dominant
role
than
the
liquid
exchange
rate
based
on
the
non
dimensional
Henry
constant(
0.257x10(­
3)
).
Ethanol
is
relatively
volatile
(
vapor
pressure
50
torr)
and
would,
therefore,
readily
evaporate
from
soil
at
the
soil/
air
interface
and
solid
surfaces.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
ethanol
will
photodegrade
with
a
half­
life
ranging
from
hours
in
polluted
urban
atmospheres
to
approximately
6
days
in
cleaner
atmospheres.
Due
to
its
solubility
in
water,
rainout
may
be
an
important
process.
Page
88
Toxicological
Profile
of
Ethyl
Alcohol
CAS
#:
64­
17­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
78.5
deg
 
C
Form:
Clear,
colorless,
very
mobile
liquid
Solubility:
>
10%
in
water,
ether,
acetone,
and
benzene.
OSHA
PEL:
1000
ppm;
1900
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
physical
dependence,
malnutrition,
neurological
effects
(
e.
g.,
amnesia,
dementia,
somnolence),
cardiac
myopathy,
hepatotoxicity,
gastrointestinal
(
GI)
bleeding,
liver
cirrhosis,
esophageal
varices
and
pancreatitis.
Neurologic
effects
may
also
include:
Wernicke's
encephalopathy,
Korsakoff's
psychosis,
as
well
as
chronic
cerebellar
syndrome
may
occur.
Patients
may
develop
oscillopsia
(
illusory
movement
of
the
environment)
with
downbeat
nystagmus,
associated
with
ataxia
of
gait
and
cerebellar
atrophy.

Carcinogenicity
According
to
the
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists
(
ACGIH),
this
chemical
is
not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
Group
A4).

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)
Page
89
Fate
Data
of
Talc
CAS
#:
14807­
96­
6
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
90
Toxicological
Profile
of
Talc
CAS
#:
14807­
96­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
Unknown
Form:
White
to
grayish­
white,
very
fine
crystalline
powder;
apple­
green
powder;
luster
pearly
or
greasy;
feels
greasy.
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water,
cold
acids
or
alkalies.
OSHA
PEL:
Time­
Weighted
Average:
20
millions
of
particles
per
cubic
feet
of
air
(
mppcf)

Chronic
Toxicity
Used
in
medicinal
and
toilet
preparations;
excipient
and
filler
for
pills
and
tablets.
Chronic
inhalation
of
industrial
talc
dusts
or
body
talc
produces
talcosis
due
to
talc,
silica,
and
asbestos
(
talc
pneumoconiosis)
characterized
by
productive
cough,
dyspnea,
rales,
diminished
breath
sounds,
limited
chest
expansion,
interstitial
fibrosis,
and
granulomas.
The
extent
and
severity
of
lung
injury
(
fibrosis)
correlates
with
the
length
of
exposure
and
dust
concentration.
Important:
The
toxic
effects
of
talc
are
dependent
on
the
route,
dose
and
properties
of
the
talc
involved.
Talc
commonly
contains
other
minerals
including,
in
some
instances,
several
forms
of
asbestos
and
silica.

Carcinogenicity
Inadequate
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
on
animals;
inadequate
evidence
in
humans.
Chronic
talc
inhalation
may
increase
the
risk
of
bronchogenic
cancer
in
humans.
Inhalation
studies
report
clear
evidence
of
tumorgenicity
through
the
lungs,
thorax
and
endocrine
systems
in
rats.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
91
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Inadequate
evidence
in
humans
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
ACGIH)
Page
92
Toxicological
Profile
of
Trichloroethylene
CAS
#:
79­
01­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
87
deg
°
C
Form:
Clear,
colorless,
or
blue
mobile
liquid
Solubility:
1,100
mg/
l
water
at
25
deg
°
C;
sol
in
chloroform,
acetone,
alcohol,
etheR;
miscible
in
oil
OSHA
PEL:
50
ppm;
269
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Long
term
occupational
inhalation
exposures
may
result
in
renal
and
hepatic
damage
as
well
as
CNS
depressant
effects,
paresthesias,
and
possibly
systemic
sclerosis.
Long
term
exposure
may
cause
defatting
of
the
skin.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
IARC.
There
is
limited
evidence
in
humans
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
trichloroethylene.
There
is
sufficient
evidence
in
experimental
animals
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
trichloroethylene.

Overall
evaluation:
Trichloroethylene
is
probably
carcinogenic
to
humans
(
Group
2A).
In
making
the
overall
evaluation,
the
working
group
considered
the
following
evidence:

(
1)
Although
the
hypothesis
linking
the
formation
of
mouse
liver
tumors
with
peroxisome
proliferation
is
plausible,
trichloroethylene
also
induced
tumors
at
other
sites
in
mice
and
rats.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
1.10E­
02
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
6.00E­
03
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
6.00E­
03
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
93
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
94
Toxicological
Profile
of
Carbon
Tetrachloride
CAS
#:
56­
23­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
76.7
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
One
ml
dissolves
in
2000
ml
of
water;
Miscible
with
alcohol,
benzene,
chloroform,
ether,
carbon
disulfide,
petroleum
ether,
and
oils.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
31
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermatitis
through
defatting
action
of
the
skin.
There
may
also
be
liver
damage,
kidney
injury
and
diminished
visual
acuity.
In
urban
and
industrial
areas
where
higher
concentrations
of
carbon
tetrachloride
in
the
air
occur,
other
toxic
effects
such
as
liver
and
renal
damage
may
result.
Animal
experiments
have
shown
that
inhaled
carbon
tetrachloride
is
excreted
over
2­
or
3­
month
period.
Half
is
eliminated
unchanged
in
expired
air
and
the
remainder
is
exhaled
as
carbon
dioxide
and
excreted
as
urea
and
other
metabolites
in
urine
and
feces.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
carbon
tetrachloride
has
a
B2
classification
(
probable
human
carcinogen).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
inadequate
human
data
and
sufficient
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
in
rats,
mice
and
hamsters.
Carbon
tetrachloride
in
the
environment
may
pose
a
long­
term
danger
because
of
its
possible
carcinogenic
potential.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Sufficient.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
1.30­
01
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
5.25E­
02
Page
95
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
7.00E­
04
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5.71E­
04
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
A2:
Suspected
Human
Carcinogen
Page
96
Toxicological
Profile
of
ortho­
Dichlorobenzene
CAS
#:
95­
50­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
180.5
deg
°
C
Form:
Liquid
Solubility:
Practically
insoluble
in
water;
miscible
with
alcohol,
ether,
and
benzene.
OSHA
PEL:
25
ppm;
150
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
injury
to
liver
and
kidneys.
Other
effects
may
include:
depression
of
CNS
with
injury
to
liver,
jaundice
and
abdominal
tenderness.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
o­
dichlorobenzene
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
no
human
data
and
evidence
of
both
negative
and
positive
trends
for
carcinogenic
responses
in
rats
and
mice.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
9.00E­
02
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
4.00E­
02
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
Page
97
Toxicological
Profile
of
o­
Cresol
CAS
#:
95­
48­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
190.95
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
White
crystals
[
Note:
A
liquid
above
88
degrees
°
F]
Solubility:
Soluble
in
about
40
parts
water;
soluble
in
alcohol,
chloroform,
ether,
and
carbon
tetrachloride;
soluble
in
solution
of
the
fixed
alkali
hydroxides.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
22
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Effects
of
chronic
exposure
to
o­
cresol
may
include
vomiting,
difficulty
swallowing,
excessive
salivation,
diarrhea,
loss
of
appetite,
headache,
fainting,
dizziness,
mental
disturbances,
skin
rash,
or
death
from
severe
damage
to
the
liver
or
kidneys.
Hypertension
has
been
reported
from
chronic
inhalation
of
cresol
vapors.
Allergic
dermatitis
and
ochronosis
may
occur
with
prolonged
skin
contact
with
cresols.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
o­
cresol
has
a
C
classification
(
possible
human
carcinogen).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
an
increased
incidence
of
skin
papillomas
in
mice
in
an
initiation­
promotion
study.
The
three
cresol
isomers
produced
positive
results
in
genetic
toxicity
studies
both
alone
and
in
combination.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Limited.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
98
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
99
Toxicological
Profile
of
Carbon
Disulfide
CAS
#:
75­
15­
0
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
46.5
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Clear,
colorless
or
faintly
yellow
liquid.
Solubility:
Solubility
of
water
in
carbon
disulfide:
86
ppm
at
10
deg
C;
142
ppm
at
25
deg
C;
soluble
in
chloroform,
alcohol,
ether;
miscible
with
anhydrous
methanol,
and
oils
OSHA
PEL:
10
ppm;
31
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
headaches,
fatigue,
inability
to
concentrate,
insomnia,
dyspepsia,
tremor,
giddiness
or
vertigo.
Peripheral
polyneuritis
is
often
encountered:
formication,
pain,
weakness,
paralysis.
The
absence
of
a
corneal
reflex
is
highly
characteristic
as
well
as
retinal
microaneurysms
and
discrete
pigmentary
changes
may
be
noted.

Emotional
instability
of
all
grades
ranging
from
mild
neurasthenia
and
depression
to
frank
psychosis
with
psychomotor
excitement,
delirium
and
hallucinations.
Extreme
irritability,
uncontrolled
anger,
mania,
memory
deficits,
suicidal
tendencies,
severe
insomnia
and
loss
of
libido
are
possible
symptoms.

Chronic,
low­
grade
exposures
of
many
years
duration
may
be
associated
with
a
high
incidence
of
hypertension,
atherosclerosis,
renal
and
other
parenchymal
lesions
(
for
example,
stomach
and
perhaps
liver).
Also
the
victim
may
develop
ischemic
heart,
and
polyneuropathy.
Recovery
may
occur
within
a
few
months
or
perhaps
a
few
years,
but
paralyses
may
be
permanent.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
100
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1.00E­
01
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.00E­
01
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
101
Toxicological
Profile
of
2­
Ethoxyethanol
(
Ethylene
glycol
ethyl
ether)
CAS
#:
110­
80­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
135
deg
°
C
@
760
mm
Hg
Form:
Colorless
liquid.
Solubility:
Miscible
in
all
proportions
of
acetone,
benzene,
carbon
tetrachloride,
ethyl
ether,
methanol,
and
water.
OSHA
PEL:
5
ppm;
18
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
oligospermia,
a
variety
of
gynecologic
disorders,
and
fetal
structural
abnormalities
have
been
reported
in
humans.
Reproductive
hazards
may
include
birth
defects,
predominantly
involving
the
heart
and
the
skeletal
system,
have
been
reported
in
humans
and
animals.
Exposed
male
workers
were
demonstrated
to
have
significantly
lower
sperm
counts.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
4.00E­
01
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
5.71E­
02
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
102
Chemicals
of
Moderate
to
High
Toxicological
Concern
Page
103
Fate
Data
of
Mineral
Spirits
CAS
#:
64475­
85­
0
Very
little
information
is
known
regarding
the
fate
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air.
There
is
moderate
adsorption
to
soils
and
sediments.
Expect
99%
removal
by
degradation
and
volatilization
in
waste
water
treatment.
Ultimate
biodegradation
in
days
to
weeks.
Page
104
Toxicological
Profile
of
Mineral
Spirits
CAS
#:
64742­
47­
8
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
157
deg
°
C
Form:
No
data
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
permanent
brain
and
nervous
system
damage.

Carcinogenicity
Limited
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
in
animals.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
to
High
Concern.
Carcinogenicity:
Low
concern
(
limited
carcinogenicity
in
animals)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
105
Fate
Data
of
Hydrotreated
Heavy
Naptha
CAS
#:
64742­
48­
9
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
106
Toxicological
Profile
of
Hydrotreated
Heavy
Naphtha
CAS
#:
64742­
48­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
149
deg
°
C
Form:
Clear
liquid
Solubility:
Neglible
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
permanent
brain
damage
and
nervous
system
damage
with
prolonged
overexposure
of
this
material.
May
also
cause
defatting
of
the
skin.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
to
High
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
established
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
107
Fate
Profile
for
Toluene
CAS
#:
108­
88­
3
Overview
Toluene
is
released
into
the
atmosphere
principally
from
the
volatilization
of
petroleum
fuels
and
toluene­
based
solvents
and
thinners
and
from
motor
vehicle
exhaust.
Considerable
amounts
are
discharged
into
waterways
or
spilled
on
land
during
the
storage,
transport
and
disposal
of
fuels
and
oils.

Fate
in
Soil
If
toluene
is
released
to
soil,
it
will
be
lost
by
evaporation
from
near
surface
soil
and
microbial
degradation.
In
one
study,
94%
of
the
chemical
added
to
a
clay
loam
was
lost
by
this
process.
Since
it
is
relatively
mobile
in
soil,
it
is
possible
that
it
will
get
into
the
groundwater
and
remain
there
where
microbial
degradation
will
not
occur.
Due
to
its
high
vapor
pressure,
toluene
would
be
expected
to
volatilize
fairly
rapidly
from
dry,
neat
surface
soils.

Based
on
the
reported
Koc
values,
toluene
will
be
expected
to
exhibit
very
high
to
moderate
adsorption
in
soil
and
therefore
may
leach
to
the
groundwater.
Field
data
from
infiltration
sites
is
conflicting;
in
one
study
toluene
is
eliminated
during
bank
infiltration,
while
in
other
studies
it
penetrates
infiltration
sites.
These
results
may
bear
on
site­
related
factors
such
as
load,
flow
rate,
soil
characteristics,
and
other
loss
factors
such
as
evaporation
and
biodegradation.

Fate
in
Water
When
released
into
water,
toluene
will
be
lost
by
both
volatilization
to
the
atmosphere
and
biodegradation.
The
predominant
process
will
depend
on
water
temperature,
mixing
conditions
and
the
existence
of
acclimated
microorganisms
at
the
site.
The
half­
life
will
range
from
days
to
several
weeks.
It
will
not
significantly
hydrolyze,
directly
photolyze,
adsorb
to
sediment
or
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms.

Toluene
evaporates
rapidly
from
water
and
has
an
experimentally
determined
half­
life
for
evaporation
from
1
meter
of
water
with
moderate
mixing
conditions
of
2.9­
5.7
hr.
Using
oxygen
reaeration
rates
of
typical
bodies
of
water,
and
the
reaeration
rate
relative
to
oxygen,
0.65,
one
would
expect
the
evaporation
half­
life
of
toluene
from
a
river
and
lake
to
be
1
and
4
days
respectively.
In
a
mesocosm
experiment
with
simulated
conditions
for
Narragansett
Bay,
RI,
the
loss
was
primarily
by
evaporation
in
winter
with
a
half­
life
of
13
days.
Page
108
Fate
in
Air
If
toluene
is
released
to
the
atmosphere,
it
will
exist
predominantly
in
the
vapor
phase.
It
degrades
moderately
rapidly
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals.
Its
half­
life
ranges
from
3
hrs
to
somewhat
over
a
day.
It
is
very
effectively
washed
out
by
rain
and
is
not
be
subject
to
direct
photolysis
in
sunlight,
although
a
complex
of
toluene
with
molecular
oxygen
has
been
shown
to
absorb
light
at
wavelengths
>
290
nm.
Page
109
Toxicological
Profile
of
Toluene
CAS
#:
108­
88­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
111
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
petroleum
ether,
alcohol,
ether,
acetate,
benzene,
and
ligand.
OSHA
PEL:
8­
hr
time
weighted
average:
200
ppm;
ceiling
limit:
300
ppm
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
to
the
liquid
via
the
skin
may
cause
defatting
of
the
skin
and
dermatitis.
Chronic
inhalation
may
cause
muscular
weakness
due
to
fluid/
electrolyte
imbalance,
gastrointestinal,
renal
tubular
acidosis,
and
neuropsychiatric
syndrome.
Other
symptoms
of
long
term
exposure
may
include:
cardiac
arrhythmias,
encephalopathy
with
cognitive
difficulty,
cerebellar
atazia,
diffuse
demylination
and
gliosis
of
the
cerebral
and
cerebella
white
matter,
and
marked
loss
of
Purkinje
cells
of
the
cerebellum.
Rarely,
with
long­
term
inhalation
exposure,
are
signs
of
hypothalmic
dysfunction,
central
sleep
apnea,
grand
mal
seizures,
choreoathetosis,
opisthotonus,
and
Bell's
palsy
been
reported.
In
mothers
exposed
to
toluene
during
pregnancy,
several
teratogenic
effects
have
been
noted
such
as
multiple
physical
deformities,
with
signs
similar
to
fetal
alcohol
syndrome,
microencephaly,
CNS
dysfunction,
and
variable
growth
deficiencies
have
occurred.
Toluene
may
enhance
the
embryotoxic
effect
of
acetylsalicylic
acid.
Effects
may
be
reversible
even
at
extremely
high
exposure
levels
for
very
long
durations.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
toluene
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
lack
of
data
concerning
carcinogenicity
in
humans
and
inadequate
data
concerning
animals.
Toluene
did
not
produce
positive
results
in
the
majority
of
genotoxic
assays.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.
Page
110
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1.14E­
01
I
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
to
High
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
inadequate
data)
Page
111
Fate
Profile
for
1,1,1­
Trichloroethane
CAS
#:
71­
55­
6
Overview
1,1,1­
Trichloroethane
is
likely
to
enter
the
environment
from
air
emissions
or
in
wastewater
from
its
production
or
use
in
vapor
degreasing,
metal
cleaning,
etc.
It
can
also
enter
the
environment
in
leachates
and
volatile
emissions
from
landfills.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
evaporates
fairly
rapidly
into
the
atmosphere
because
of
its
high
vapor
pressure.
Because
it
does
not
adsorb
strongly
to
soil,
it
should
leach
extensively.
The
adsorption
of
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
to
soil
is
proportional
to
the
organic
carbon
content
of
the
soil.
The
mineral
content
of
the
soil
is
not
a
contributing
factor.
The
partition
coefficient
of
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
to
5
soils
(
organic
carbon
0.1­
4.9%)
ranged
from
<
0.05
to
0.5
1/
g
while
that
adsorbed
to
sand
and
clay
was
too
small
to
determine
the
isotherms.
1,1,1­
Trichloroethane
is
adsorbed
strongly
to
peat
moss,
less
strongly
to
clay,
very
slightly
to
dolomite
limestone
and
not
at
all
to
sand.
It
has
a
low
adsorption
to
silt
loam
(
Koc
=
183).
From
the
fact
that
it
is
not
retained
in
the
soil
during
bank
infiltration,
and
that
it
is
frequently
found
in
groundwater
in
high
concentrations,
one
can
safely
conclude
that
it
is
not
adsorbed
strongly
by
soils,
especially
subsurface
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
the
primary
loss
will
be
by
evaporation
into
the
atmosphere.
Half­
life
will
range
from
hours
to
a
few
weeks
depending
on
wind
and
mixing
conditions.
Biodegradation
and
adsorption
onto
particulate
matter
will
be
insignificant
relative
to
volatilization.

1,1,1­
Trichloroethane
has
a
high
Henry's
Law
constant
(
8X10­
3
atm­
cu
m/
mole)
and
will
volatilize
rapidly
from
water
and
soil
with
diffusion
through
the
liquid
phase
controlling
volatilization
from
water.
Half­
life
for
evaporation
from
water
obtained
from
laboratory
systems
range
from
a
fraction
of
an
hour
to
several
hours.
Page
112
Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
air,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
is
fairly
stable
in
the
atmosphere
and
is
transported
long
distances,
being
found
even
at
the
South
Pole.
It
will
slowly
degraded
principally
by
reaction
with
hydroxyl
radicals
and
has
a
half­
life
of
6
months
to
25
years.
The
global
lifetime
average
has
been
estimated
to
be
6.0­
6.9
years.
The
rate
of
degradation
is
increased
by
the
presence
of
chlorine
radicals
and
nitrogen
oxides.
15%
of
the
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
drifts
into
the
stratosphere
where
it
is
rapidly
degraded
by
photodissociation.
Due
to
the
large
input
of
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
into
the
atmosphere
and
its
slow
degradation,
the
amount
of
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
in
the
atmosphere
is
increasing
by
4.8­
17%
a
year.
Some
of
the
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
returns
to
earth
in
rain
as
is
evidenced
by
its
presence
in
rainwater
and
a
40%
reduction
in
air
concentrations
on
rainy
days.
Page
113
Toxicological
Profile
of
1,1,1­
Trichloroethane
CAS
#:
71­
55­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
74
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
4,400
mg/
L
in
water
at
20
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
acetone,
benzene,
methanol,
carbon
disulfide,
and
carbon
tetrachloride;
>
10%
in
ethanol.
OSHA
PEL:
350
ppm;
1900
mg/
cu
m
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
to
the
liquid
may
cause
toxic
solvent
encephalopathy,
including
memory
and
balance
defects,
lightheadedness,
vertigo,
fatigue,
moodiness,
irritability,
and
other
neuropsychiatric
effects
have
been
described
in
workers.
Long
term
effects
may
include
burning
and
cramping
of
the
feet
with
a
decreased
vibration
sensitivity,
and
toxic
axonaphathy
(
reduced
amplitudes
of
sural
sensory
responses
bilaterally).
Isopropanol
and
acetone
may
produce
enhanced
hepatotoxicity
with
1,1,1­
trichloroethane.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
acetone
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
There
are
no
reported
human
data
and
animal
studies
(
one
lifetime
gavage,
one
intermediate­
term
inhalation)
have
not
demonstrated
carcinogenicity.
Technical
grade
1,1,1­
trichloroethane
has
been
shown
to
be
weakly
mutagenic
although
the
contaminant,
1,4­
dioxane,
a
known
animal
carcinogen,
may
be
responsible
for
this
response.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
Inadequate.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
114
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
9E­
02
W
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.86E­
01
W
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Moderate
to
High
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
115
Chemicals
of
High
Toxicological
Concern
Page
116
Fate
Profile
for
Benzene
CAS
#:
71­
43­
2
Overview
The
formation
of
benzene
oxide,
an
epoxide
of
benzene
is
involved
in
the
metabolism
of
benzene.
This
highly
unstable
intermediate
rearranges
non­
enzymatically
to
form
phenol.
This
step
accounts
for
the
occurrence
of
phenol
as
the
major
metabolite
of
benzene
in
urine.
Catechol
formation
is
thought
to
result
from
the
hydration
of
benzene
oxide
by
the
enzyme
epoxide
hydratase
followed
by
oxidation
to
catechol.
It
appears
that
catechol
and
phenol
are
formed
by
two
distinctly
differentmetabolic
pathways.
Hydroquinone
is
thought
to
result
from
a
second
passage
of
phenol
through
the
mixed
function
oxidases.

Benzene
will
enter
the
atmosphere
primarily
from
fugitive
emissions
and
exhaust
connected
with
its
use
in
gasoline.
Another
important
source
is
emissions
associated
with
its
production
and
use
as
an
industrial
intermediate.
In
addition,
there
are
discharges
into
water
from
industrial
effluents
and
losses
during
spills.
Based
on
a
reported
vapor
pressure
of
95.2
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C,
evaporation
of
benzene
from
surface
soil
and
other
surfaces
is
expected
to
be
rapid.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
benzene
will
be
subject
to
rapid
volatilization
near
the
surface.
The
effective
half­
lives
for
volatilization
without
water
evaporation
of
benzene
uniformly
distributed
at
a
rate
of
1
kg/
ha
to
1
and
10
cm
in
soil
with
an
organic
carbon
content
of
1.25%
were
reported
as
7.2
and
38.4
days,
respectively.
That
which
does
not
evaporate
will
be
highly
to
very
highly
mobile
in
soil
and
may
leach
to
groundwater.
It
may
be
subject
to
biodegradation
based
on
reported
biodegradation
of
24%
and
47%
of
the
initial
20
ppm
benzene
in
a
based­
rich
para­
brownish
soil
in
1
and
10
weeks,
respectively.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
benzene
will
be
subject
to
rapid
volatilization.
The
estimated
half­
life
for
volatilization
of
benzene
from
a
river
one
meter
deep
flowing
1
m/
sec
with
a
wind
velocity
of
3
m/
sec
is
estimated
to
be
2.7
hrs
at
20
deg
°
C
based
on
a
reported
Henry's
Law
constant
of
5.3X10­
3
atm­
cu
m/
mole.
The
half­
life
for
evaporation
in
a
wind­
wave
tank
with
a
wind
speed
of
7.09
m/
sec
was
5.23
hr.
It
will
not
be
expected
to
significantly
adsorb
to
sediment,
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms
or
hydrolyze.
It
may
be
subject
to
biodegradation
based
on
a
reported
biodegradation
half­
life
of
16
days
in
an
aerobic
river
die­
away
test.
It
may
also
be
subject
to
biodegradation
in
shallow,
aerobic
groundwaters,
but
probably
not
under
anaerobic
Page
117
conditions.

In
a
marine
ecosystem,
biodegradation
occurred
in
2
days
after
an
acclimation
period
of
2
days
and
2
weeks
in
the
summer
and
spring,
respectively,
whereas
no
degradation
occurred
in
winter.
Evaporation
was
the
primary
loss
mechanism
in
winter
in
a
mesocosm
experiment
which
simulated
a
northern
bay
where
the
half­
life
was
13
days.
In
spring
and
summer
the
half­
lives
were
23
and
3.1
days,
respectively.
In
these
cases
biodegradation
plays
a
major
role
and
takes
about
2
days.
However,
acclimation
is
critical
and
this
takes
much
longer
in
the
colder
water
in
spring.
According
to
one
experiment,
benzene
has
a
half­
life
of
17
days
due
to
photegradation
which
could
contribute
to
benzene's
removal.
In
situations
of
cold
water,
poor
nutrients,
or
other
conditions
less
conducive
to
microbial,
photolysis
will
play
a
important
role
in
degradation.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
benzene
will
exist
predominantly
in
the
vapor
phase.
Gas­
phase
benzene
will
not
be
subject
to
direct
photolysis
but
it
will
react
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
with
a
half­
life
of
13.4
days.
calculated
using
an
experimental
rate
constant
for
the
reaction.
The
reaction
time
in
polluted
atmospheres
which
contain
nitrogen
oxides
or
sulfur
dioxide
is
accelerated
with
the
half­
life
being
reported
as
4­
6
hours.
Products
of
photooxidation
include
phenol,
nitrophenols,
nitrobenzene,
formic
acid,
and
peroxyacetyl
nitrate.
Benzene
is
fairly
soluble
in
water
and
is
removed
from
the
atmosphere
in
rain.
Page
118