Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0181-0005
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-11-29T05:00Z

SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460

OFFICE OF              

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES 

MEMORANDUM

DATE:  	14-SEP-2006

SUBJECT:	Diflubenzuron:  Chronic Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment
for the Section 3 Registration of New Food/Feed Uses on Barley, Oats,
Wheat, Brassica Leafy Greens (Crop Subgroup 5B), Turnip Greens, Peanut,
and Pummelo.  PP#s 5E6965, 5E6966, and 5E6967.

PC Code:	108201		Decision#:		359335

DP#:		332081

REVIEWER:	George F. Kramer, Ph.D., Senior Chemist

Registration Action Branch (RAB) 1

		Health Effects Division (HED, 7509P)

THROUGH:	P.V. Shah, Ph.D., Branch Senior Scientist

		RAB1/HED (7509P)

		

		and

		

		Douglas Dotson, Ph.D., Chemist

		Dave Soderberg, Chemist

Dietary Exposure Science Advisory Council (DESAC) 

To:			Barbara Madden/Dan Rosenblatt, PM Team 05

Registration Division (RD; 7505P)

Executive Summary

A chronic dietary risk assessment was conducted using the Dietary
Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM-FCID™), Version 2.03, which uses food
consumption data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Continuing
Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) from 1994-1996 and 1998. 
These analyses were performed to support Section 3 requests for the
active ingredient, diflubenzuron.

No toxic effects attributable to a single (i.e., acute) exposure to
diflubenzuron have been identified; therefore, an acute reference dose
(RfD) has not been established for diflubenzuron and an acute dietary
exposure assessment has not been conducted.  Also, since there is no
evidence that diflubenzuron is carcinogenic to humans, a dietary cancer
assessment is not required. 

Chronic Dietary Exposure Results and Characterization

A Tier 1, chronic dietary-exposure assessment was conducted using the
established/recommended tolerances for all food commodities, 100% crop
treated (CT) information for all proposed and existing uses, and DEEM™
Version 7.81 default processing factors for some processed commodities. 
Drinking water was incorporated directly into the dietary assessment
using the estimated drinking water concentration (EDWC) generated by the
Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS)
with index reservoir (IR) scenarios and percent crop area (PCA)
adjustment factors.

The resulting chronic dietary exposure estimates for food and water
combined are below HED’s level of concern (i.e., <100% of the cPAD of
0.02 mg/kg bw/day) for the overall U.S. population and all population
subgroups.  Using the DEEM-FCID™ software, dietary exposure is
estimated at 0.002285 mg/kg/day for the U.S. population (11% of the
cPAD) and 0.007404 mg/kg/day (37% of the cPAD) for children 1 to 2 years
old, the population subgroup with the highest estimated chronic dietary
exposure to diflubenzuron.  

I.	Introduction

Dietary risk assessment incorporates both exposure and toxicity of a
given pesticide.  For chronic assessments, the risk is expressed as a
percentage of a maximum acceptable dose (i.e., the dose which HED has
concluded will result in no unreasonable adverse health effects).  This
dose is referred to as the population-adjusted dose (PAD).  The PAD is
equivalent to the RfD divided by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
Safety Factor.

For chronic exposures, HED is concerned when estimated dietary risk
exceeds 100% of the PAD.  References which discuss the chronic risk
assessment in more detail are available on the EPA/pesticides web site: 
“Available Information on Assessing Exposure from Pesticides, A
User’s Guide,” 6/21/2000, web link:      HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf" 
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf  ; or see
SOP 99.6 (8/20/99).

The most recent dietary risk assessment for diflubenzuron was conducted
by W. Sproat, Jr. (4/30/04, D301195) to support the Section 18 use of
diflubenzuron in/on oats.

  Residue Information

Residues of Concern in Plants, Livestock, and Fungi:  The qualitative
nature of the residue in plants and fungi is adequately understood based
on data from citrus, mushroom, rice, and soybean metabolism studies. 
The metabolism of diflubenzuron in crops tested is similar, and the
radioactive components are also similar to those found in soil.  The
nature of the residue in livestock is also adequately understood based
on acceptable poultry and ruminant metabolism studies reflecting oral
dosing.  The HED Metabolism Assessment Review Committee (MARC) has
concluded that the residues of concern, for the purpose of tolerance
expression, are diflubenzuron and its metabolites 4-chlorophenylurea
(CPU) and 4-chloroaniline (PCA).

Tolerances:  Tolerances for residues of diflubenzuron are established
under 40 CFR §180.377.  Tolerances listed in 40 CFR §180.377(a)(1) are
expressed in terms of diflubenzuron per se.  Under this section, the
listed tolerances are:  (i) 0.05 ppm for eggs, milk, and the fat and
meat of cattle, goat, hog, horse, poultry, and sheep, and for the meat
byproducts of poultry; (ii) 0.2 ppm for undelinted cottonseed and
mushroom; (iii) 0.5 ppm for grapefruit, orange (sweet), tangerine, and
soybean hulls; and (iv) 6.0 ppm for globe artichoke.

Tolerances listed in 40 CFR §180.377(a)(2) are expressed in terms of
the combined residues of diflubenzuron and its metabolites CPU and PCA. 
Under this section, the listed tolerances are:  (i) 0.02 ppm for rice
grain; (ii) 0.06 ppm for tree nuts (group 14) and pistachios; (iii) 0.07
ppm for fruit, stone (group 12) except cherry; (iv) 0.15 ppm for the
meat byproducts of cattle, goat, hog, horse, and sheep; (v) 0.50 ppm for
pear; (vi) 0.8 ppm for rice straw; (vii) 1.0 ppm for pepper; and (viii)
6.0 ppm for almond hulls.

Time-limited tolerances listed in 40 CFR §180.377(b) are expressed in
terms of the combined residues of diflubenzuron and its metabolites CPU
and PCA, expressed as the parent diflubenzuron, in connection with use
of the pesticide under Section 18 emergency exemptions granted by EPA. 
Under this section, the listed tolerances are:  (i) 0.05 ppm for barley
grain and wheat grain; (ii) 0.10 ppm for wheat milled byproducts; (iii)
0.50 ppm for barley straw and wheat straw; (iv) 1.0 ppm for barley hay
and wheat hay; (v) 6.0 ppm for alfalfa forage and alfalfa hay; and (vi)
30 ppm for wheat aspirated grain fractions.

IR-4 is now requesting tolerances for barley, oats, wheat, Brassica
leafy greens (crop subgroup 5b), turnip greens, eggplant, okra, peanut,
and pummelo (G. Kramer DP# 321623, 9/14/06). 

Table 1.  Tolerance Summary for Diflubenzuron.

Commodity	Proposed Tolerance (ppm)	Recommended Tolerance (ppm)	Comments;

[Correct Commodity Definition]

Tolerances Proposed in PP#5E6965

Barley, grain	0.06	0.06

	Barley, forage	5.0	Delete	Not a RAC of barley as per Table 1 of OPPTS
860.1000.

Barley, hay	2.0	3.0

	Barley, straw	2.0	1.8

	Oat, grain	0.06	0.06	The available data for wheat may be translated to
oat; the corresponding tolerances recommended for wheat commodities also
apply to oat commodities.

Oat, forage	5.0	7.0

	Oat, hay	2.0	6.0

	Oat, straw	2.0	3.5

	Wheat, grain	0.06	0.06

	Wheat, forage	5.0	7.0

	Wheat, hay 	2.0	6.0

	Wheat, straw	2.0	3.5

	Grain, aspirated fractions	3.0	11

	Pummelo	0.5 	0.50	The available data for citrus fruits may be
translated to pummelo.

Tolerances Proposed in PP#5E6966

Brassica, leafy greens, subgroup 5B	8.0	9.0

	Turnip greens	8.0	9.0

	Eggplant	1.0	Delete	Residue data for eggplant are required to determine
appropriate tolerance.

Okra	1.0	Delete	Residue data for okra are required to determine
appropriate tolerance.

Tolerances Proposed in PP#5E6967

Peanut	0.2	0.10

	Peanut, hay	20.0	55

	Peanut, refined oil	0.2	0.20	Peanut, oil 

Food Residues used in the Chronic Analysis:  A Tier 1 chronic
dietary-exposure assessment was conducted using the
established/recommended tolerances for all food commodities, 100% CT
information for all proposed and existing uses, and DEEM™ Version 7.81
default processing factors for some processed commodities.  

III. Drinking Water Data

EFED has provided (A. Al-Mudallal; 8/25/06, D321156) Tier II EDWCs for
use in drinking water assessments when diflubenzuron is used according
to proposed labeling.  Because monitoring data are unavailable,
estimates of diflubenzuron and the major degradate CPU concentrations
were made only with mathematical models.  The models PRZM/EXAMS with IR
scenarios and percent crop area adjustment factors were used to conduct
surface water exposure assessments.  Screening Concentration in Ground
Water (SCIGROW) was used for groundwater.  EDWCs were generated for the
total toxic residue which includes parent diflubenzuron and the major
degradate CPU.  The highest estimated surface water concentrations
occurred with the PA pear scenario.  For chronic assessments the EDWC is
2.76 ppb; this was the value used in this assessment.  The groundwater
獥楴慭整映潲⁭䍓䝉佒⁗獩〠㈮㠰瀠扰മ

IV.	DEEM-FCID™ Program and Consumption Information

A diflubenzuron chronic dietary exposure assessment was conducted using
the DEEM-FCID™, Version 2.03, which incorporates consumption data from
USDA’s CSFII, 1994-1996 and 1998.  The 1994-96, 98 data are based on
the reported consumption of more than 20,000 individuals over two
non-consecutive survey days.  Foods “as consumed” (e.g., apple pie)
are linked to EPA-defined food commodities (e.g. apples, peeled fruit -
cooked; fresh or N/S; baked; or wheat flour - cooked; fresh or N/S,
baked) using publicly available recipe translation files developed
jointly by USDA/ARS and EPA.  For chronic exposure assessment,
consumption data are averaged for the entire U.S. population and within
population subgroups, but for acute exposure assessment are retained as
individual consumption events.  Based on analysis of the 1994-96, 98
CSFII consumption data, which took into account dietary patterns and
survey respondents, HED concluded that it is most appropriate to report
risk for the following population subgroups: the general U.S.
population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5,
children 6-12, youth 13-19, adults 20-49, females 13-49, and adults 50+
years old.

For chronic dietary exposure assessments, an estimate of the residue
level in each food or food-form (e.g., orange or orange juice) on the
food commodity residue list is multiplied by the average daily
consumption estimate for that food/food form to produce a residue intake
estimate.  The resulting residue intake estimate for each food/food form
is summed with the residue intake estimates for all other food/food
forms on the commodity residue list to arrive at the total average
estimated exposure.  Exposure is expressed in mg/kg body weight/day and
as a percent of the cPAD.  This procedure is performed for each
population subgroup.

V.	Toxicological Information

On April 21, 1998 HED’s Hazard Identification Assessment Review
Committee (HIARC) evaluated the toxicology database, selected doses and
endpoints for chronic dietary exposures, assessed the carcinogenic
potential and addressed the sensitivity of infants and children from
exposure to diflubenzuron as required by the Food Quality Protection Act
(FQPA) of 1996.  On February 12, 2002, the HIARC revisited diflubenzuron
and reduced the uncertainty factor (UF) from 3x to 1x, since the
selected study has a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL).

The hemopoietic system is the target site with effects including
increased sulfhemoglobin and/or methemoglobin levels in rat and dog
studies.  No appropriate acute endpoint was identified in the hazard
database to quantitate the risk to the general population or to females
13-50 years old from single dose administration of diflubenzuron. 
Therefore, there is no acute RfD or acute PAD.  The chronic dietary
endpoint was selected from a chronic dog study with a NOAEL of 2
mg/kg/day based on increased methemoglobin levels observed at 10
mg/kg/day (lowest-observed-adverse-effect level, LOAEL).  The FQPA SF
was reduced to 1x for the U.S. population and all population subgroups. 
The chronic RfD (cRfD) is 0.02 mg/kg/day and the chronic PAD (cPAD) is
0.02 mg/kg/day.  The HED RfD/Peer Review Committee classified
diflubenzuron as “Group E,” evidence of non-carcinogenicity for
humans, based on lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice
(April 27, 1995).

Table 1.  Summary of Toxicological Dose and Endpoints for Diflubenzuron
and Metabolites for Use in Human Risk Assessment1.

Exposure

Scenario	Dose Used in Risk Assessment, UF 	FQPA SF and LOC for Risk
Assessment	

Study and Toxicological Effects

Acute Dietary

all populations	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	No appropriate endpoint
attributable to single exposure was available in oral studies. 
Therefore, a risk assessment is not required.

Chronic Dietary

all populations	NOAEL= 2 mg/kg/day

UF = 100

Chronic RfD = 

0.02 mg/kg/day

	FQPA SF = 1x

cPAD = 

chronic RfD

 FQPA SF

= 0.02 mg/kg/day	Chronic Toxicity Study - Dog

LOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day based on methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia

Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation)	Not Required	Not Applicable	Acceptable
oral rat and mouse carcinogenicity studies; no evidence of carcinogenic
or mutagenic potential. “Group E” evidence of non- carcinogenicity
for humans.

1.  UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = FQPA safety factor, NOAEL =
no-observed-adverse-effect level, LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect
level, cPAD = chronic population-adjusted dose, RfD = reference dose,
LOC = level of concern.

VI.	Results/Discussion

bove, for chronic assessments, HED is concerned when dietary risk
exceeds 100% of the cPAD.  The DEEM-FCID™ analyses estimate the
dietary exposure of the U.S. population and various population
subgroups.  The results reported in Table 3 are for the general U.S.
Population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5,
children 6-12, youth 13-19, females 13-49, adults 20-49, and adults 50+
years.  

Diflubenzuron chronic dietary (food + water) exposure estimates using
the DEEM-FCID™ software are below HED’s level of concern for the
U.S. population and each of the population subgroups.  Using the
DEEM-FCID™ software, dietary exposure is estimated at 0.002285
mg/kg/day for the U.S. population (11% of the cPAD) and 0.007404
mg/kg/day (37% of the cPAD) for children 1 to 2 years old, the
population subgroup with the highest estimated chronic dietary exposure
to diflubenzuron.  The estimated exposures/risks for combined food and
water are summarized in Table 3 for all populations.

Table 3.  Summary of Chronic Dietary Exposure and Risk for
Diflubenzuron.

Age Group	cPAD (mg/kg/day)	Exposure (mg/kg/day)	% cPAD

	General U.S. Population	0.02	0.002285	11

All Infants (<1 year old)	0.02	0.002299	12

Children 1-2 years old	0.02	0.007404	37

Children 3-5 years old	0.02	0.005714	29

Children 6-12 years old	0.02	0.003419	17

Youth 13-19 years old	0.02	0.002246	11

Adults 20-49 years old	0.02	0.001599	8

Adults 50+ years old	0.02	0.001784	9

Females 13-49 years old	0.02	0.001668	8

VII.	Characterization of Inputs/Outputs

The chronic dietary exposure and risk estimates are conservative as they
assumed 100% CT and HED-recommended/established tolerance-level residues
for all food commodities.  Conservative DEEM-FCIDTM default processing
factors were applied to some processed commodities in the analyses.  The
chronic analysis could be further refined through the use of average
residues based on field trial data, percent crop treated data and/or
preparation/cooking factors. 

VIII.	Conclusions

tary exposure analysis using DEEM-FCID™ indicates that chronic dietary
exposure to diflubenzuron from food and drinking water is below HED’s
level of concern for this pesticide.  Estimated chronic dietary
exposures are less than or equal to 37% of the cPAD for the general U.S.
population and all population subgroups.

VIII.		List of Attachments

Chronic Food + Drinking Water Input File

Chronic Food + Drinking Water Results File

c.c. (w/ Attachments): G. F. Kramer (HED/RAB1)

RDI: DE SAC (8/31/06)

G.F. Kramer:S10781:PY-S:(703)305-5079:7509P:RAB1

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for DIFLUBENZURON                     
1994-98 data

Residue file: C:\Documents and
Settings\gkramer\GK\##Diflubenzuron\Diflubenzuron+newcrops.R98

                                                           Adjust. #2
NOT used

Analysis Date 08-31-2006             Residue file dated:
08-31-2006/13:28:00/8

Reference dose (RfD) = 0.02 mg/kg bw/day

Comment:  Chronic only.  cRfD = cPAD.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

Food Crop                                       Residue      
Adj.Factors      Comment

EPA Code  Grp  Food Name                          (ppm)       

                                                             #1        
#2 

-------- ---- -------------------------------   ---------- ------    
------   -------

14000030 14   Almond                             0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

14000031 14   Almond-babyfood                    0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

14000040 14   Almond, oil                        0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

14000041 14   Almond, oil-babyfood               0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

12000120 12   Apricot                            0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12000121 12   Apricot-babyfood                   0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12000130 12   Apricot, dried                     0.070000   6.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12000140 12   Apricot, juice                     0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12000141 12   Apricot, juice-babyfood            0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

95000160 O    Artichoke, globe                   6.000000   1.000     
1.000   0E3835

15000250 15   Barley, pearled barley             0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15000251 15   Barley, pearled barley-babyfood    0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15000260 15   Barley, flour                      0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15000261 15   Barley, flour-babyfood             0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15000270 15   Barley, bran                       0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

21000440 M    Beef, meat                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

21000441 M    Beef, meat-babyfood                0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

21000450 M    Beef, meat, dried                  0.050000   1.920     
1.000   7F1898

21000460 M    Beef, meat byproducts              0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

21000461 M    Beef, meat byproducts-babyfood     0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

21000470 M    Beef, fat                          0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

21000471 M    Beef,fat-babyfood                  0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

21000480 M    Beef, kidney                       0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

21000490 M    Beef, liver                        0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

21000491 M    Beef, liver-babyfood               0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

14000590 14   Brazil nut                         0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

05020630 5B   Broccoli raab                      9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

14000680 14   Butternut                          0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

05020700 5B   Cabbage, Chinese, bok choy         9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

14000810 14   Cashew                             0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

14000920 14   Chestnut                           0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

40000930 P    Chicken, meat                      0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000931 P    Chicken, meat-babyfood             0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000940 P    Chicken, liver                     0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000950 P    Chicken, meat byproducts           0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000951 P    Chicken, meat byproducts-babyfoo   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000960 P    Chicken, fat                       0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000961 P    Chicken, fat-babyfood              0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000970 P    Chicken, skin                      0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

40000971 P    Chicken, skin-babyfood             0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

05021170 5B   Collards                           9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

95001280 O    Cottonseed, oil                    0.200000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

95001281 O    Cottonseed, oil-babyfood           0.200000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

70001450 P    Egg, whole                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

70001451 P    Egg, whole-babyfood                0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

70001460 P    Egg, white                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

70001461 P    Egg, white (solids)-babyfood       0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

70001470 P    Egg, yolk                          0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

70001471 P    Egg, yolk-babyfood                 0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

14001550 14   Filbert                            0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

14001560 14   Filbert, oil                       0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

23001690 M    Goat, meat                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

23001700 M    Goat, meat byproducts              0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

23001710 M    Goat, fat                          0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

23001720 M    Goat, kidney                       0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

23001730 M    Goat, liver                        0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

10001800 10   Grapefruit                         0.500000   1.000     
1.000   1F2507

10001810 10   Grapefruit, juice                  0.500000   2.100     
1.000   1F2507

14001850 14   Hickory nut                        0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

24001890 M    Horse, meat                        0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

05021940 5B   Kale                               9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

14002130 14   Macadamia nut                      0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

27002220 D    Milk, fat                          0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

27002221 D    Milk, fat - baby food/infant for   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

27012230 D    Milk, nonfat solids                0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

27012231 D    Milk, nonfat solids-baby food/in   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

27022240 D    Milk, water                        0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

27022241 D    Milk, water-babyfood/infant form   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

27032251 D    Milk, sugar (lactose)-baby food/   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

95002280 O    Mushroom                           0.200000   1.000     
1.000   2E2731

05022290 5B   Mustard greens                     9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

12002300 12   Nectarine                          0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

15002310 15   Oat, bran

                130-Uncooked; Dried; Cook Meth N/S

                                                 0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                210-Cooked; Fresh or N/S; Cook Meth N/S

                                                 0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                211-Cooked; Fresh or N/S; Baked  0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                214-Cooked; Fresh or N/S; Fried/baked

                                                 0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                230-Cooked; Dried; Cook Meth N/S

                                                 0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                231-Cooked; Dried; Baked         0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                232-Cooked; Dried; Boiled        0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

                233-Cooked; Dried; Fried         0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15002320 15   Oat, flour                         0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15002321 15   Oat, flour-babyfood                0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15002330 15   Oat, groats/rolled oats            0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15002331 15   Oat, groats/rolled oats-babyfood   0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

10002400 10   Orange                             0.500000   1.000     
1.000   1F2507

10002410 10   Orange, juice                      0.500000   1.800     
1.000   1F2507

10002411 10   Orange, juice-babyfood             0.500000   1.800     
1.000   1F2507

10002420 10   Orange, peel                       0.500000   1.000     
1.000   1F2507

12002600 12   Peach                              0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002601 12   Peach-babyfood                     0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002610 12   Peach, dried                       0.070000   7.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002611 12   Peach, dried-babyfood              0.070000   7.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002620 12   Peach, juice                       0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002621 12   Peach, juice-babyfood              0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

95002630 O    Peanut                             0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

95002640 O    Peanut, butter                     0.100000   1.890     
1.000   

95002650 O    Peanut, oil                        0.200000   1.000     
1.000   

11002660 11   Pear                               0.500000   1.000     
1.000   99OR00

  Full comment: 99OR0009

11002661 11   Pear-babyfood                      0.500000   1.000     
1.000   99OR00

  Full comment: 99OR0009

11002670 11   Pear, dried                        0.500000   6.250     
1.000   99OR00

  Full comment: 99OR0009

11002680 11   Pear, juice                        0.500000   1.000     
1.000   99OR00

  Full comment: 99OR0009

11002681 11   Pear, juice-babyfood               0.500000   1.000     
1.000   99OR00

  Full comment: 99OR0009

14002690 14   Pecan                              0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

08002700 8    Pepper, bell                       1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

08002701 8    Pepper, bell-babyfood              1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

08002710 8    Pepper, bell, dried                1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

08002711 8    Pepper, bell, dried-babyfood       1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

08002720 8    Pepper, nonbell                    1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

08002721 8    Pepper, nonbell-babyfood           1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

08002730 8    Pepper, nonbell, dried             1.000000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

14002820 14   Pistachio                          0.060000   1.000     
1.000   0F0623

  Full comment: 0F06235

12002850 12   Plum                               0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002851 12   Plum-babyfood                      0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002860 12   Plum, prune, fresh                 0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002861 12   Plum, prune, fresh-babyfood        0.070000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002870 12   Plum, prune, dried                 0.070000   5.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002871 12   Plum, prune, dried-babyfood        0.070000   5.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002880 12   Plum, prune, juice                 0.070000   1.400     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

12002881 12   Plum, prune, juice-babyfood        0.070000   1.400     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

25002900 M    Pork, meat                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

25002901 M    Pork, meat-babyfood                0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

25002910 M    Pork, skin                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

25002920 M    Pork, meat byproducts              0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

25002921 M    Pork, meat byproducts-babyfood     0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

25002930 M    Pork, fat                          0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

25002931 M    Pork, fat-babyfood                 0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

25002940 M    Pork, kidney                       0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

25002950 M    Pork, liver                        0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

60003010 P    Poultry, other, meat               0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

60003020 P    Poultry, other, liver              0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

60003030 P    Poultry, other, meat byproducts    0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

60003040 P    Poultry, other, fat                0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

60003050 P    Poultry, other, skin               0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

10003070 10   Pummelo                            0.500000   1.000     
1.000   

05023180 5B   Rape greens                        9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

15003230 15   Rice, white                        0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003231 15   Rice, white-babyfood               0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003240 15   Rice, brown                        0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003241 15   Rice, brown-babyfood               0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003250 15   Rice, flour                        0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003251 15   Rice, flour-babyfood               0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003260 15   Rice, bran                         0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

15003261 15   Rice, bran-babyfood                0.020000   1.000     
1.000   

26003390 M    Sheep, meat                        0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

26003391 M    Sheep, meat-babyfood               0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

26003400 M    Sheep, meat byproducts             0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

26003410 M    Sheep, fat                         0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

26003411 M    Sheep, fat-babyfood                0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

26003420 M    Sheep, kidney                      0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

26003430 M    Sheep, liver                       0.150000   1.000     
1.000   1F0623

  Full comment: 1F06235

06003470 6    Soybean, seed                      0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

06003480 6    Soybean, flour                     0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

06003481 6    Soybean, flour-babyfood            0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

06003490 6    Soybean, soy milk                  0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

06003491 6    Soybean, soy milk-babyfood or in   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

06003500 6    Soybean, oil                       0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

06003501 6    Soybean, oil-babyfood              0.050000   1.000     
1.000   6F1832

10003690 10   Tangerine                          0.500000   1.000     
1.000   1F2507

10003700 10   Tangerine, juice                   0.500000   2.300     
1.000   1F2507

50003820 P    Turkey, meat                       0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003821 P    Turkey, meat-babyfood              0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003830 P    Turkey, liver                      0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003831 P    Turkey, liver-babyfood             0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003840 P    Turkey, meat byproducts            0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003841 P    Turkey, meat byproducts-babyfood   0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003850 P    Turkey, fat                        0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003851 P    Turkey, fat-babyfood               0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003860 P    Turkey, skin                       0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

50003861 P    Turkey, skin-babyfood              0.050000   1.000     
1.000   7F1898

05023890 5B   Turnip, greens                     9.000000   1.000     
1.000   

14003910 14   Walnut                             0.060000   1.000     
1.000   8E3582

86010000 O    Water, direct, all sources         0.002760   1.000     
1.000   

86020000 O    Water, indirect, all sources       0.002760   1.000     
1.000   

15004010 15   Wheat, grain                       0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15004011 15   Wheat, grain-babyfood              0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15004020 15   Wheat, flour                       0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15004021 15   Wheat, flour-babyfood              0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15004030 15   Wheat, germ                        0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

15004040 15   Wheat, bran                        0.060000   1.000     
1.000   

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for DIFLUBENZURON                    (1994-98
data)

Residue file name: C:\Documents and
Settings\gkramer\GK\##Diflubenzuron\Diflubenzuron+newcrops.R98

                                                 Adjustment factor #2
NOT used.

Analysis Date 08-31-2006/13:28:23     Residue file dated:
08-31-2006/13:28:00/8

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .02 mg/kg bw/day

COMMENT 1:  Chronic only.  cRfD = cPAD.

========================================================================
=======

                    Total exposure by population subgroup

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

                                                    Total Exposure

                                        
-----------------------------------

          Population                         mg/kg             Percent
of   

           Subgroup                       body wt/day             Rfd   
   

--------------------------------------   -------------      
---------------

U.S. Population (total)                     0.002285               
11.4%

U.S. Population (spring season)             0.002260               
11.3%

U.S. Population (summer season)             0.002202               
11.0%

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U.S. Population (autumn season)             0.002340               
11.7%

U.S. Population (winter season)             0.002337               
11.7%

Northeast region                            0.002692               
13.5%

Midwest region                              0.002129               
10.6%

Southern region                             0.002166               
10.8%

Western region                              0.002278               
11.4%

Hispanics                                   0.002628               
13.1%

Non-hispanic whites                         0.001973                
9.9%

Non-hispanic blacks                         0.003344               
16.7%

Non-hisp/non-white/non-black                0.003567               
17.8%

All infants (< 1 year)                      0.002299               
11.5%

Nursing infants                             0.000953                
4.8%

Non-nursing infants                         0.002811               
14.1%

Children 1-6  yrs                           0.006091               
30.5%

Children 7-12 yrs                           0.003207               
16.0%

Females 13-19 (not preg or nursing)         0.002035               
10.2%

Females 20+ (not preg or nursing)           0.001680                
8.4%

Females 13-50 yrs                           0.001820                
9.1%

Females 13+ (preg/not nursing)              0.001875                
9.4%

Females 13+ (nursing)                       0.002015               
10.1%

Males 13-19 yrs                             0.002427               
12.1%

Males 20+ yrs                               0.001647                
8.2%

Seniors 55+                                 0.001819                
9.1%

Children 1-2 yrs                            0.007404               
37.0%

Children 3-5 yrs                            0.005714               
28.6%

Children 6-12 yrs                           0.003419               
17.1%

Youth 13-19 yrs                             0.002246               
11.2%

Adults 20-49 yrs                            0.001599                
8.0%

Adults 50+ yrs                              0.001784                
8.9%

Females 13-49 yrs                           0.001668                
8.3%

------------------------------------------------------------------------
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