Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0449-0007
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2012-05-02T04:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
	WASHINGTON, DC 20460
                                       
                          OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
                                      			

									PC Code: 006329
                                                DP Barcode: 389520
                                                Date: September 7, 2011 

MEMORANDUM 					
                                                
Subject:	Acequinocyl: Drinking Water Assessment to Support Proposed New IR-4 Uses (Succulent Soybean Vegetable, Low Growing Berry, Small Fruit Vine Climbing -Except Fuzzy Kiwifruit, Succulent Shelled Beans, Cowpea Forage, Caneberry, Melon, Cucumber, and Cherry)
            
To:		Dana Vogel, Branch Chief, RAB1
		Health Effects Division (7509P)

		Barbara Madden, Risk Manager
		Laura Nollen, Risk Manager Reviewer
		Insecticide Branch
      Registration Division (7505P)

From:	Michael B. Lowit, Ph.D., Ecologist
		Nancy Andrews, Ph.D., Branch Chief
            Environmental Risk Branch 1
            Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)
            Office of Pesticide Programs

This memorandum summarizes the drinking water assessment for numerous proposed IR-4 uses of the miticide Acequinocyl.  This assessment considers use of the product Kanemite(TM)15SC, alternatively named Shuttle(TM) 15SC or Shuttle(TM) O, on succulent soybean vegetable, low growing berry, small fruit vine climbing (except fuzzy kiwifruit), succulent shelled beans, cowpea forage, caneberry, melon, cucumber, and cherry. 

Foliar applications (ground) are proposed up to 0.3 lb ai/A for a single maximum application with an annual maximum of two applications allowed at a minimum interval of 14 or 21 days depending on the use.  The maximum seasonal rate is 0.6 lb ai/A for all proposed uses. 

   1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A Tier II screening-level drinking water assessment was conducted for the proposed IR-4 uses of the miticide Acequinocyl (2-(acetyloxy)-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthalenedione). Assessed uses were succulent soybean vegetable, low growing berry, small fruit vine climbing (except fuzzy kiwifruit), succulent shelled beans, cowpea forage, caneberry, melon, cucumber, and cherry.  The assessment is based on a single maximum application rate of 0.3 lb ai/A, applied by ground foliar spray with an annual maximum of two applications allowed at a minimum interval of 14 or 21 days depending on the use.  The maximum seasonal rate is 0.6 lb ai/A for all proposed uses.

Similar to previous drinking water assessments, two approaches were used in performing the drinking water assessment for the proposed acequinocyl uses.  In Approach 1, acequinocyl was conservatively assumed to be stable to all routes of degradation because of the uncertainties associated with the environmental fate data, mainly the lack of validation of the analytical methods and the lack of storage stability data.  In Approach 2, it was assumed that the half-lives of acequinocyl and the degradation product R1 were valid and the total toxic residues (acequinocyl + R1) were modeled to address toxicity concerns with R1.  According to the HED Metabolism Assessment Review Committee (MARC) the residues of concern in the dietary exposure and risk assessment are acequinocyl and the hydroxylated degradate, that is, R1 (US EPA, 2007b).   
      
Surface water estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) were generated for acequinocyl using the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS) model for all proposed uses except cranberry.   Cranberry use is included on the proposed label as part of the low growing berries subgroup, 13-07G. Cranberry harvesting may involve field flooding and PRZM/EXAMS are not currently parameterized to assess this type of scenario; therefore, cranberry was assessed using the provisional cranberry model.  Exposure in ground water due to leaching was assessed with the screening model SCI-GROW.

The recommended EDWCs for the human health risk assessment are provided in Table 1.  The EDWCs derived via Approach 1 represent upper bound values while those derived via Approach 2 represent the lower bound values.    Surface water EDWCs from the proposed uses supersede those previously estimated for acequinocyl (US EPA, 2010).   EDWCs for the proposed uses are higher than those previously reported for both Approach 1 and Approach 2.  The acute EDWC for cherry (25.89 ug/L  -  Approach 1, 5.59 ug/L  -  Approach 2) is greater than the previously reported acute EDWC (12.22 ug/L  -  Approach 1, 5.14 ug/L  -  Approach 2).  The annual mean (chronic) concentration for cherry (17.84 ug/L  -  Approach 1) and cranberry (1.36 ug/L  -  Approach 2) are higher than the previously reported EDWC (2.45 ug/L  -  Approach 1, 0.29 ug/L  -  Approach 2). Since the provisional cranberry model only uses a one year simulation, the highest 30-year annual average concentration is not available for the cranberry scenario. The highest 30-year annual average concentration (10.19 ug/L  -  Approach 1, 0.27 ug/L  -  Approach 2) was higher than the previously reported EDWC (2.02 ug/L  -  Approach 1, 0.20 ug/L  -  Approach 2).  The upper bound EDWCs (Approach 1) exceed the solubility limit of acequinocyl (6.69 ug/L at 20°C); therefore, the recommended acute, annual mean (chronic), and 30-year annual average EDWC is 6.69 ug/L for Approach 1.

The ground water concentration of 3.6 x 10[-][3] ug/L for the current assessment is the same as in previous assessments (US EPA, 2010). This concentration can be considered as both the acute and chronic values.

Table 1. Recommended Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) of Acequinocyl Derived from the Following Proposed New Uses
                         Drinking water source (model)
                                 Proposed Use/
                                  Scenario[3]
                    Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations
                    from Surface Water Sources (ug/L)[1,2]
                                       
                                       
        Approach 1:  Total Toxic Residues (no acequinocyl degradation)
        Approach 2:  Total Toxic Residues (combined acequinocyl and R1)
                                       
                                       
                              1-in-10 year acute
                             1-in-10 year chronic
                                 30-year mean
                              1-in-10 year acute
                             1-in-10 year chronic
                                 30-year mean
Surface water (PRZM/EXAMS)
Cherry/ 
MI cherry
                                6.69 (25.89)[4]
6.69 (17.84)[4]
6.69 (10.19)[4]
5.59
0.42
                                     0.26
Surface water (PRZM/EXAMS)
Small fruit (vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, 13-07F)/ NY grape
                                6.69 (23.12)[4]
6.69 (15.34)[4]
6.69 (9.57)[4]
4.22
0.38
                                     0.27
Surface water (Provisional Cranberry Model)
Cranberry/
Provisional Cranberry Model
                                    4.24[5]
                                    3.75[5]
                                      --
3.81[5]
1.36[5]
                                      --
Groundwater (SCIGROW)
All proposed uses
                                 3.6 x 10[-3]
                                <=3.6 x 10[-3]
                                <=3.6 x 10[-3]
                                 3.6 x 10[-3]
                                <=3.6 x 10[-3]
                                <=3.6 x 10[-3]
1 BOLDED values are recommended EDWCs
2 A default PCA of 0.87 was applied
[3] Maximum of 2 applications of 0.3 lb ai/A for all proposed uses
[4] EDWC (shown in parentheses) exceeds the solubility limit of acequinocyl (6.69 ug/L at 20°C); therefore, the recommended EDWC is 6.69 ug/L.  EDWCs exceeded the solubility limit for multiple proposed uses (see Table 6).
[5] Based on a one-year simulation; 1-10 year calculation is not applicable

Although the fate and transport database is complete, most of the environmental fate studies submitted prior to the initial registration were classified `supplemental' due to numerous deficiencies identified in the fate studies such as poor chromatographic separation of acequinocyl and R1, use of chloroform:methanol solvent system, lack of LOD and LOQ data, un-eluted radioactive residues in the solid phase extraction process, and lack of storage stability data. These issues need to be addressed by the registrant to upgrade the fate studies.  Submitted studies are presented in Appendix D.

2.	PROBLEM FORMULATION

   1.1. Background

The most recent regulatory actions for acequinocyl include the following:

 Section 3 Request for Uses of Acequinocyl (PC Code: 006329) on Greenhouse, Shade house, Ornamental, Floral, Foliage and Nursery Crops. August 7, 2003 
      
 Section 3 Request for Uses of Acequinocyl (PC Code: 006329) on Pome Fruits, Citrus, Almonds, Pistachios, Strawberries and Outdoor Ornamentals. February 3, 2004  
      
 Tier II Drinking Water Assessment for Acequinocyl.  June 27, 2007 

 Ecological Risk Assessment for Use of Acequinocyl (PC 006329) on Grapes, Pome Fruits, Citrus, Nuts, and Outdoor Non-Food Uses.  August 17, 2007  

 Acequinocyl and its Degradate, Acequinocyl-OH (R1), Drinking Water Assessment in Support of IR-4 New Uses Registration for Fruiting Vegetables (Crop Group 8), Okra, Edible Podded Beans, and Hops.  April 29, 2010

 Ecological Risk Assessment for Use of Acequinocyl on Fruiting Vegetables (Except Cucurbits) to include Eggplant, Groundcherry, Pepino, Peppers (Bell, Chili, Cooking, Pimento, And Sweet) Tomatillo, and Tomato; Okra; Edible Podded Beans; and Hops. July 29, 2010

The previously recommended PRZM-EXAMS EDWC estimates (US EPA, 2010) were based on the PA apple, PA tomato, and GA pecan crop scenarios.  The 1-in-10-year annual peak (acute) concentration of parent acequinocyl was 12.22 ug/L, the 1-in-10-year annual daily mean (chronic) concentration was 2.45 ug/L, and the 30-year annual mean was 2.02 ug/L based on model Approach 1. Based on Approach 2, the acute, chronic, and 30-year annual mean concentrations were 5.14 ug/L, 0.29 ug/L, and 0.20 ug/L, respectively, for acequinocyl and its R1 degradate. 

In previous assessments, the ground water EDWC for acequinocyl and acequinocyl-OH (R1) in shallow ground water sources was 0.0036 ug/L for acequinocyl applied twice at a concentration of 0.3 lb ai/A regardless of using Approach 1 or 2.  EDWC from shallow ground water sources are expected remain the same for the proposed uses as acequinocyl proposed use rates are the same as the currently registered food use rates.

   4.1. Mode of Action

Acequinocyl is a miticide. Its mode of action is mediated by both the parent chemical and its primary degradate, 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone (also referred to as R1, deacetylated acequinocyl, acequinocyl-OH, OH-AKD 2023, or AKM-05) through the inhibition of electron transfer in mitochondria.

   4.2. Use Characteristics

KANEMITE 15 SC is a miticide for the control of Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri), European
red mite (Panonychus ulmi), Pacific spider mite (Tetranychus pacificus), Texas citrus mite
(Eutetranychus banskl) and Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus ununquis), Strawberry spider mite
(Tetranychus turkestam), Willamette spider mite (Eotetranychus willamettel), Two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus cinnabarinus), and Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonamus latus).  According to the registrant, when applied to the foliage, KANEMITE 15 SC provides quick knockdown and long residual control. Due to its unique mode of action, the label states that KANEMITE 15 SC is not expected to have cross-resistance to existing miticides and is reportedly very effective against various species of resistant and susceptible mites. 

Acequinocyl initial food use registration was for pome fruits, citrus, almonds, pistachios, strawberries, and outdoor ornamentals (US EPA, 2004).  The proposed new uses for acequinocyl are succulent soybean vegetable, low growing berry, small fruit vine climbing (except fuzzy kiwifruit), succulent shelled beans, cowpea forage, caneberry, melon, cucumber, and cherry. The maximum application rates for the proposed uses are not to exceed 0.3 lb ai/A for a single application rate and 0.6 lb ai/A for a seasonal application rate, with a minimum reapplication interval of 14 or 21 days depending on the use. The maximum proposed application rates are the same as the application rates for currently registered acequinocyl agricultural uses (see previous assessments listed in the Background section above).  Table 2 summarizes the application rates and application methods for the proposed uses. This information is obtained from the label and is used in the exposure assessment.

Table 2.  Proposed Use Rates for Acequinocyl (Kanemite 15 SC)
                                      Use
                              Maximum Individual
                               Application Rate
                                   (lb ai/A)
                           Annual Maximum Number of
                                 Applications
                                       
                                    Minimum
                          Application Interval (days)
                               Max Seasonal Rate
                                 (lb ai/A)[1]
                              Application Method
                                       
Succulent soybean vegetable (edamame)
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      21
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Low growing berry (subgroup 13-07G)
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      21
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Small fruit (vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, subgroup 13-07F)
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      21
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Bean, succulent shelled
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      14
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Cowpea forage
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      14
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Caneberry (subgroup 13-07A)
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      21
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Melon (subgroup 9A)
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      21
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Cucumber
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      21
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
Cherry
                                      0.3
                                       2
                                      14
                                      0.6
                                 Ground spray
[1]The proposed label states the maximum application rate on a seasonal basis.  This rate is inferred to be an annual maximum given the restriction of two applications per year not to exceed 0.3 lb ai/A in a single application.

The product label use restrictions specify that the product is not to be applied via irrigation, via aerial application, or within 75 feet of aquatic areas. In addition, it is not intended for indoor residential use.

Currently, the label includes the following surface water statement:

"This product may contaminate water through drift of spray in wind. This product has a potential for runoff for several days after application. Poorly draining soils and soils with shallow water tables are more prone to produce runoff that contains this product. A level, well maintained vegetative buffer strip between areas to which this product is applied and surface water features such as ponds, streams, and springs will reduce the potential for contamination of water from rainfall-runoff. Runoff of this product will be reduced by avoiding applications when rainfall is forecasted to occur within 48 hours. Sound erosion control practices will reduce this product's contribution to surface water contamination."

   4.4. Monitoring Data

Acequinocyl and its major degradate, hydroxy-acequinocyl (R1), were not monitored in surface or groundwater under the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. 

   4.5. Conceptual Model

      A. Risk Hypothesis
      
For acequinocyl, the following risk hypothesis is being employed for this national-scale drinking water assessment:
      
      Acequinocyl, when used in accordance with proposed labels, can result in off-site movement of the compound product via runoff and spray drift, leading to human exposure to acequinocyl and its degradate acequinocyl-OH (R1) through consumption of contaminated drinking water.  

      B. Conceptual Model 
      
Submitted fate and transport data indicate that acequinocyl is highly reactive, with breakdown potentially occurring quickly via both photolysis and hydrolysis.  Acequinocyl can reach surface water via spray drift (foliar ground spray) and less likely via runoff.  Once acequinocyl has entered surface water, it is not likely to persist as it will hydrolyze to form acequinocyl-OH (also known as R1, OH-AKD 2023, AKM-05, deacetylated acequinocyl, and 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone).  Surface water runoff from the areas of application is assumed to follow topography.  Spray drift will follow wind direction.  

Leaching into groundwater is not expected to be a major route of transport based on submitted laboratory studies that indicated a very low mobility potential.  

Potential emission of volatile compounds is not considered as a viable release mechanism for acequinocyl because of the low vapor pressure of the compound. 

   4.4. Analysis Plan

Similar to previous drinking water assessments, two approaches were used in performing the drinking water assessment for the proposed acequinocyl uses.  In Approach 1, acequinocyl was conservatively assumed to be stable to all routes of degradation because of the uncertainties associated with the environmental fate data, mainly the lack of validation of the analytical methods and the lack of storage stability data.  In Approach 2, it was assumed that the half-lives of acequinocyl and the degradation product R1 were valid and the total toxic residues (acequinocyl + R1) were modeled to address toxicity concerns with R1.  According to the HED Metabolism Assessment Review Committee (MARC) the residues of concern in the dietary exposure and risk assessment are acequinocyl and the hydroxylated degradate, that is, R1 (US EPA, 2007b).   

Acequinocyl ground water EDWCs are the same as assessed in the previous drinking water assessment since the proposed application rates and number of applications are the same as currently registered food uses.

2. ANALYSIS
   
   3.1.	Fate and Transport Characterization

Acequinocyl appears to undergo fairly rapid transformation in most aquatic and terrestrial environments based on the environmental fate data of uncertain quality reviewed for the initial registration.  Acequinocyl hydrolyzed with a half-life of a few hours to less than 2 days under neutral and alkaline pH conditions (MRID 45434908).  However, it was stable under acidic pH conditions.  Photodegradation in water appeared to be the main route of degradation in aquatic environments, with half-lives of less than 15 minutes in sterile lab and river water.  In soil, the half-lives for aerobic biotransformation were less than 2 days under laboratory conditions (MRID 45434911).  Under field conditions, acequinocyl applied to bare plots dissipated with half-lives ranging from 2 hrs in California to 14 hours in New York (MRID 45651601).  In contrast, the residue decline data submitted for the Magnitude of Residue studies on apples, pears, oranges, grapefruit, lemon and almonds indicated a mean half-life of 20 days (US EPA, 2004).  

Acequinocyl presented very low mobility in soil. The soil adsorption Kd for acequinocyl ranged from 678 ml/g in sandy loam soil to 1,620 ml/g in silty clay loam soil (MRID 45531902) based on a study with one test concentration instead of four test concentrations as Subdivision N guidelines specify. In the field studies, the parent was not detected below 0-15 cm soil depth (MRID 45651601). The major transformation products detected in the field included R1 (2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-1, 4-napthoquinone) and AKM-18 (2-(1,2-dioxotetradecyl) benzoic acid).

Based on acequinocyl bioconcentration factor in fish (BCF ranged from 307 to 387 (MRID 45434923) and its rather high octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow >= 6.2), acequinocyl can expect to bioconcentrate in fish if found in water.  Since acequinocyl has low vapor pressure of 1.69 x 10[-][6] PA (at 25 [o]C) and very low water solubility of 0.006 mg/L, any losses due to volatilization are expected to be minimal.  Further details on fate studies and other fate properties of acequinocyl can be found in the original risk assessment document (US EPA, 2004).  Table 3 provides summary of physical and chemical properties of acequinocyl.  Appendix A provides a summary of acequinocyl major degradates and their maximum percent formation observed in the laboratory and field studies.
   
   Table 3.  Physical and Chemical Properties of Acequinocyl
Common Name:
Acequinocyl
CAS Chemical Name:		
2-(acetyloxy)-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthalenedione
CAS Registry No.:
57960-19-7
PC Code:
006329
Pesticide Type:
Miticide
Chemical Family:
Quinoline
Registrant:
Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC
Trade Names:	
Kanemite 15 SC (EPA Reg. #66330-38)	
Target Pests:
Tetranychus, Panonychus, Eutetranychus, Oligonychus, Eotetranychus, and Polyphagotarsonamus spp of mites
Formulation:
Kanemite[TM] 15 SC; 1.25 lb ai/gal; (15.8% ai)
Empirical Formula:	
C24H32O4
Structural Formula of Acequinocyl

Structural Formula of Acequinocyl Major Degradate:
Acequinocyl-OH (also known as R1, OH-AKD 2023, AKM-05, deacetylated acequinocyl, and 2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone )
PC Code: 606329; CAS # 57960-31-3

Vapor Pressure:
1.69 x 10-[6] pascals at 25[0]C (technical)
Water Solubility:
6.69 μg/L at 20[0]C (technical)	
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (Log Kow):
6.2 (technical)
Molecular Weight:
384.5 (technical)
Melting Point:	
59.6C (technical)

   2.2. Drinking Water Exposure Modeling
   	
Two approaches were used in performing the drinking water assessment for the proposed acequinocyl uses.   In Approach 1, acequinocyl was conservatively assumed to be stable to all routes of degradation because of the uncertainties associated with the environmental fate data, mainly the lack of validation of the analytical methods and the lack of storage stability data.  In Approach 2, it was assumed that the half-lives of acequinocyl and the degradation product R1 were valid and the total toxic residues (acequinocyl + R1) were modeled to address toxicity concerns with R1.  According to the HED Metabolism Assessment Review Committee (MARC) the residues of concern in the dietary exposure and risk assessment are acequinocyl and the hydroxylated degradate, that is, R1 (US EPA, 2007b).   All half-lives used were calculated based on the total toxic residues (acequinocyl + R1).  Additionally, the adsorption coefficient (Kd) for R1 was used in the modeling (Approach 2) because R1 is more mobile than acequinocyl.  
   
	3.2.1.	Surface Water Modeling

All Proposed Uses Except Cranberries

Tier II surface water EDWCs were calculated using PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model, v3.12.2; May 12, 2005) and EXAMS (EXposure Analysis Modeling System, version 2.98.04.06, April 2005) models in the PE5 shell.    All Tier II modeling was corrected for percent cropped area (PCA), using the default value of 0.87 (87%).   Standard crop scenarios were selected for each proposed use.  Table 4 lists the input parameters used for the PRZM/EXAMS modeling of acequinocyl and the R1 degradate.  A representative PRZM/EXAMS output file is provided in Appendix B.   Table 6 presents EDWCs of acequinocyl and R1 in surface water sources from the proposed uses.  

Table 4.  PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameter Values.
Parameter (Units)
                             Input Value and Unit
                                Source/Comments
                                       
                                 Approach 1[1]
                                 Approach 2[2]
                                       
Maximum Application Rate
0.3 lb ai/acre (all uses)
Proposed label
Maximum Number of Applications
2
Proposed label
Minimum Reapplications Interval
21 days (succulent soybean vegetable, low growing berry, small fruit, caneberry, melon, cucumber)

14 days (succulent shelled bean, cowpea forage, cherry)
Proposed label
Modeling Scenarios
Succulent soybean vegetable (edamame):
  MS soybean
Low growing berry (13-07G):
  FL strawberry (not applicable for  cranberry)
Small fruit (vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, 13-07F):
  CA grape 
  NY grape
Bean, succulent shelled and cowpea forage:
  MI bean
  OR snbean
Caneberry (13-07A):
  CA grape
  NY grape
Melon (9A):
  MI melon
  MO melon
  NJ melon
Cucumber:
  FL cucumber
Cherry:
  MI cherry
EFED standard PRZM/EXAMS scenarios

In the absence of a standard caneberry scenario, grape scenarios are used as surrogate scenarios
Initial Application Dates (dd-mm)
Succulent soybean vegetable (edamame):
  MS soybean (12-09)
Low growing berry (13-07G):
  FL strawberry (24-01)
Small fruit (vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, 13-07F):
  CA grape (03-08)
  NY grape (17-09)
Bean, succulent shelled and cowpea forage:
  MI bean (14-08)
  OR snbean (12-08)
Caneberry (13-07A):
  CA grape (09-08)
  NY grape (23-09)
Melon (9A):
  MI melon (24-07)
  MO melon (09-07)
  NJ melon (29-06)
Cucumber:
  FL cucumber (18-11)
Cherry:
  MI cherry (30-06)
The date of initial application was calculated from the Pre-Harvest Interval (PHI) and application interval as written on the proposed labels.
Application Method
                           Ground, Foliar (CAM = 2)
Acequinocyl is a foliar application
Application Efficiency Fraction
                                     0.99
EFED standard default for ground applications
Spray Drift Loading Fraction
                                     0.064
EFED standard default for ground applications
Incorporation depth (cm)
                                       0
Default for foliar applications
Molecular Weight (g/mole)
                                     384.5
Product Chemistry
IPSCND Input
1 (succulent soybean vegetable)

3 (low growing berry, small fruit, succulent shelled bean, cowpea forage, caneberry, melon, cucumber, cherry)

1 = remaining pesticide on foliage is converted to surface application to the top soil layer

2 = remaining pesticide on foliage is completely removed after harvest

3 = remaining pesticide on foliage is retained as surface residue and continues to undergo decay.  
Water Solubility (mg/L)
                                    0.0067
MRID 45434906
Vapor Pressure (torr)
                                 1.268 x 10-8
MRID 45434905
Henry's Law Constant (atm-m[3]/mol)
                                  9.59x 10-7
Calculated
Kd (ml/g)
                                    1027[3]
                                    970[4]
MRID 45531902; 45434907
Hydrolysis Half-life (days)
                                    stable
                                      9.6
MRID 45434908
Aqueous Photolysis Half-life (days)
                                    stable
                                     0.19
MRID 45434909
Aerobic Soil Metabolism (days)
                                    stable
                                     48.5
MRID 45434911
90[th] percentile confidence interval on the mean (EFED guidance)[5]
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (days)
                                    stable
                                      97
Twice the aerobic soil metabolism t1/2 (EFED guidance)[5]
Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism (days)
                                    stable
                                     649.8
MRID 45434913
Three times the aquatic metabolism t1/2 (EFED guidance)[5]
[1] Acequinocyl was assumed to be stable in the environment
[2] Combined half-life values for acequinocyl and acequinocyl-OH (R1) degradate
[3] Mean Kd of four values was used because the study was conducted on only one test concentration
[4] Mean Kd of four values was used because binding was not correlated with organic carbon content. 
[5] Input Parameter Guidance Manual, Pesticides (Version 2.1; Oct. 22, 2009)

Cranberries

The Provisional Cranberry Model (v2, December 8, 2010) is a provisional refinement to the Tier I Rice Model (v1.0, May 8, 2007).  Refinements include the addition of simple degradation processes in dry and flooded conditions and a water depth of twelve inches rather than the water depth of four inches used in the rice model. These modifications allow estimation of screening-level peak and annual mean EDWCs of acequinocyl residues of concern that may occur in untreated surface water used as drinking water following use on cranberries.

The model assumes that degradation on dry cranberry bog soil occurs predominantly via aerobic microbial metabolism.  Additionally, residue degradation in flooded bogs is assumed to occur via aerobic microbial metabolism in the water column and via anaerobic microbial metabolism in the sediment.

Acequinocyl use on cranberries is proposed for an annual maximum of two applications of 0.3 lb ai/A  each.  The minimum interval between applications is 21 days and the preharvest interval is one day.  The proposed applications were first aged on dry soils because cranberry bogs are not typically flooded until the night before harvesting.  The resulting residues (in lb ai/A) were then summed and used as input for the flooded component of the model to estimate peak and annual mean EDWCs in bog tailwater following harvest.

Table 5 lists that input parameters used for the Provisional Cranberry Model.  The equations used in the Provisional Cranberry Model are briefly described in Appendix C.   Table 6 presents estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) of acequinocyl and R1 in surface water sources from use on cranberry.  

Table 5.  Provisional Tier 1 Cranberry Model Input Parameters.  
Input Parameter
                                     Value
Source/Comments

                                 Approach 1[1]
                                 Approach 2[2]

Application Rate (lbs ai/A)
                                      0.3
Proposed label
Applications per Year
                                       2
Proposed label
Kd (ml/g)
                                     1027
                                      970
MRID 45531902; 45434907
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                   stable[3]
                                     48.5
MRID 45434911
90[th] percentile confidence interval on the mean (EFED guidance)
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                   stable[3]
                                      97
Twice the aerobic soil metabolism t1/2 (EFED guidance)
[1] Acequinocyl was assumed to be stable in the environment
[2] Combined half-life values for acequinocyl and acequinocyl-OH (R1) degradate
[3] Since Provisional Cranberry model requires a half-life value, 1000 days was used to represent stable conditions.

Table 6.  Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) for Acequinocyl Total Toxic Residues Based on Approachs #1 and #2 Using PRZM/EXAMS and Provisional Cranberry Model
                                 Proposed Use
                                   Scenario
                    Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations
                    from Surface Water Sources (ug/L)[1,2]
                                       
                                       
        Approach #1:  Total Toxic Residues (no acequinocyl degradation)
       Approach #2:  Total Toxic Residues (combined acequinocyl and R1)
                                       
                                       
                              1-in-10 year acute
                             1-in-10 year chronic
                                 30-year mean
                              1-in-10 year acute
                             1-in-10 year chronic
                                 30-year mean
Soybean
MS soybean
15.99*
8.88*
6.03
2.49
0.23
                                     0.16
Low growing berry 
(13-07G)
FL strawberry (not applicable to cranberry)
16.22*
7.36*
5.02
0.76
0.08
                                     0.06

Provisional Cranberry Model (applicable to cranberry)
4.24[3]
3.75[3]
                                      --
3.81[3]
1.36[3]
                                      --
Small fruit (vine climbing, except fuzzy kiwifruit, 13-07F)

CA grape[4]
3.87
2.80
1.60
0.70
0.05
                                     0.04

NY grape[4]
23.12*
15.34*
9.57*
4.22
0.38
                                     0.27
Succulent shelled bean and cowpea forage
MI bean
14.13*
9.62*
5.74
1.22
0.12
                                     0.09

OR bean
14.63*
9.71*
6.71*
1.16
0.21
                                     0.17
Caneberry (13-07A)
CA grape[4]
3.89
2.80
1.61
0.70
0.05
                                     0.04

NY grape[4]
23.19*
15.31*
9.57*
4.57
0.38
                                     0.26
Melon (9A)
MI melon
5.90
3.77
1.93
0.71
0.05
                                     0.04

MO melon
14.38*
7.74*
5.02
2.46
0.16
                                     0.11

NJ melon
9.16*
5.36
3.46
1.14
0.10
                                     0.07
Cucumber
FL cucumber
13.32*
5.85
3.90
0.88
0.08
                                     0.06
Cherry
MI cherry
25.89*
17.84*
10.19*
5.59
0.42
                                     0.26
1 A default PCA of 0.87 was applied
[2] BOLD indicates highest EDWC for the proposed uses
[3] Based on a one-year simulation; 1-10 year calculation is not applicable
[4] Grape scenarios were used to represent the proposed small fruit and caneberry uses; different initial application dates were used that reflect labeled treatment and preharvest intervals specific to each crop
* Value exceeds solubility limit of acequinocyl (6.69 ug/L at 20°C)

	3.2.2.	Ground Water Modeling 

Estimated concentrations of acequinocyl total toxic residues in drinking water from shallow ground water sources are the same as for currently registered uses because the application rates and number of applications are the same (0.3 lb ai/A, 2 applications). Therefore, the estimated environmental concentrations are not expected to exceed 3.6 x 10[-3] μg/L for the proposed uses.  This concentration can be considered as both the acute and chronic value.  Details regarding SCI-GROW modeling at this application rate can be found in US EPA, 2007a.   

	3.2.3. Assumptions and Uncertainties
      
The following uncertainties have been identified in the environmental fate properties and drinking water assessment for acequinocyl:

::	Most of the environmental fate studies submitted prior to the initial registration were classified `supplemental' due to deficiencies identified in the fate studies such as poor chromatographic separation of acequinocyl and R1, use of chloroform : methanol solvent system, lack of LOD and LOQ data, un-eluted radioactive residues in the solid phase extraction process, and lack of storage stability data. 

::	In PRZM/EXAMS modeling, Approach 1, acequinocyl was conservatively assumed stable to all routes of degradation to account for the uncertainties associated with the environmental fate data.  This approach generated conservative, upper bound, EDWCs for acequinocyl.  Therefore, exposure to acequinocyl may be overestimated by Approach 1.  

::	The impact of spray drift buffers was not considered in this drinking water assessment. With a 75 ft. spray drift buffer (spray drift fraction = 0.006), the effective drift to a water body from a ground application would be smaller than without the buffer (0.064).  However, based on comparison of EDWCs (not corrected for PCA) derived for the MI cherry scenario (Approach 1) the impact of spray drift on the EDWCs is minimal with and without the 75 ft spray drift buffer.
	
Buffer
Spray Drift Fraction
                          1-in-10 year acute (ug/L)
                         1-in-10 year chronic (ug/L)
                             30-year mean (ug/L)
None
0.064
                                     29.75
                                     20.50
                                     11.71
75 feet
0.006
                                     28.74
                                     19.67
                                     11.17
	
::	SCI-GROW estimated a concentration of <0.0036 μg/L for acequinocyl (Approach 1) and total residue (acequinocyl+R1; Approach 2) in shallow ground water sources.  The ground water EDWCs were obtained using the median Koc value of 37,550 ml/g for acequinocyl, and the median Koc value of 36,000 ml/g for the total (acequinocyl+R1) residues.  Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9,995 ml/g are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI GROW development.  If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI-GROW.

::	Two method validation studies (MRID 46182601 and 46182602) submitted by the registrant to determine the concentrations of acequinocyl and its metabolite(s) in soil and water extracts were reviewed by the EPA's Environmental Chemistry Laboratory. The registrant was informed of the suggested amendments and request for new calibration data in a memo dated 27 June, 2007.  Recently, the registrant submitted the amended analytical method for determination of residues of acequinocyl and its major metabolite R1 (hydroxy-acequinocyl) in drinking water, ground water and surface water (MRID 48016602), and the amended analytical method for the determination of acequinocyl, hydroxy-acequinocyl, and AKM-18 in soil (MRID 48016601).  The Agency is in the process of reviewing these submitted studies.

    3.3.     Drinking Water Treatment
   	
No specific information was available for the behavior of acequinocyl during drinking water treatment.

4.	DATA REQUIREMENTS

Most of the environmental fate studies submitted prior to the initial registration were classified `supplemental' due to deficiencies such as poor chromatographic separation of acequinocyl and R1, use of chloroform: methanol solvent system, lack of LOD and LOQ data, un-eluted radioactive residues in the solid phase extraction process, and lack of storage stability data. These issues need to be addressed by the registrant to upgrade the fate studies. 

REFERENCES

Orr, Gary R. 2009.  Determination of Acequinocyl, Acequinocyl-OH, and AKM-18 in Soil Minor Analytical Revision of Method-136, Revision #2.  Performing Laboratory:  Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC.  Laboratory Project ID: ARY-0413-2455153. Completion Date: November 18, 2009. (MRID 48016601) 

Orr, Gary R. 2009.  Determination of Residues of AKD 2023 and Its Major Metabolite R1 (Hydroxy AKD'2023) in Drinking Water, Ground Water and Surface Water. Minor Analytical Revision of Method-AGK/076. Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC.  Laboratory Project ID: ARY-0413- 2455183. Completion Date: December 18, 2009. (MRID 48016602) 
 
US EPA. 2004.  Section 3 Request for Uses of Acequinocyl (P.C. Code: 006329) on Pome Fruits, Citrus, Almonds, Pistachios, Strawberries and Outdoor Ornamentals submitted under 
DP Barcodes: D285811, D286428, D289153, D290010, D287269, D290009, D291174.  February 3, 2004.

US EPA. 2007a.  Tier II Drinking Water Assessment for Acequinocyl.  June 27, 2007

US EPA. 2007b.  PP#s 6F7040 and #7F7176.  Human-Health Risk Assessment for the Proposed Uses of Acequinocyl on Grapes, the Tree Nut Crop Group, and Residential Sites (Ornamentals).  September 6, 2007

US EPA. 2010. Acequinocyl and its Degradate, Acequinocyl-OH (R1), Drinking Water Assessment in Support of IR-4 New Uses Registration for Fruiting Vegetables (Crop Group 8), Okra, Edible Podded Beans, and Hops.  April 29, 2010

                                  APPENDIX A

Table A.1.  Summary of Acequinocyl Major Degradates and Maximum Percent Formation Observed in the Laboratory and Field Studies

Degradate  
 Maximum Degradate Concentration (% of applied) and Time to Max Concentration

                                  Hydrolysis
                              Aqueous Photolysis
                                Soil Photolysis
                            Aerobic Soil Metabolism
                               Anaerobic Aquatic
                                Aerobic Aquatic
                                      TFD
R1 (2-dodecyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaledione) 
pH 7:  
54.7% (96 hr)
River water:
11.6% (30 min)
                                      --
33.8% (2 days)
Water:
18% (0 days)
Sediment:
41.5% (3 days)
12.2% (0 days)
NY:    37.8% (3 hr)
GA:  37.8% [1] 
CA:  26.4% [1]

AKM 18  [2-(1,2-dioxotetradecyl)benzoic acid]
pH 7:  
7.1% (48 hr)
                                      --
23.7% (6 days)
9.2% (2 days)
Water:
2.7% (7 days)
Sediment:
34.3% (269 days)
19.5% (1 day)
NY:   16.5% (3 hr)
AKM-08 [2-(2-oxo-dodecyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone]
                                      --
Buffer solution:
12.9% (2 hr)
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
O-Phthalic acid 
                                      --
Buffer solution:
12.7% (24 hr)
River water:
11.9% (24 hr)
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
Phenol
                                      --
River water:
10% (24 hr)
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
CBAA (2-carboxy-α-oxo-benzene acetic acid)
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
11.3% (2 days)
                                      --
[1] Formed immediately after application.

                                  APPENDIX B

PRZM/EXAMS Modeling Output

Approach 1
stored as MIcherry ap1.out

Chemical: acequinocyl

PRZM environment: MICherriesSTD.txt
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:40

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14850.dvf
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:10

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly

                                                                           1961
                                                                          11.12
                                                                          8.134
                                                                          3.336
                                                                          1.948
                                                                          1.691
                                                                         0.5269

                                                                           1962
                                                                           2.28
                                                                          1.943
                                                                          1.554
                                                                          1.468
                                                                          1.442
                                                                            1.3

                                                                           1963
                                                                          5.479
                                                                           4.05
                                                                          2.407
                                                                          2.016
                                                                          1.975
                                                                          1.725

                                                                           1964
                                                                          7.691
                                                                          6.081
                                                                          3.522
                                                                          2.938
                                                                          2.848
                                                                          2.316

                                                                           1965
                                                                          11.25
                                                                          8.519
                                                                          5.948
                                                                          4.832
                                                                          4.627
                                                                          3.443

                                                                           1966
                                                                          9.729
                                                                          7.799
                                                                          5.573
                                                                          5.124
                                                                          5.083
                                                                          4.521

                                                                           1967
                                                                          7.432
                                                                          6.674
                                                                            5.9
                                                                          5.691
                                                                          5.626
                                                                          5.313

                                                                           1968
                                                                          8.277
                                                                          7.357
                                                                          6.302
                                                                          6.005
                                                                          5.946
                                                                          5.643

                                                                           1969
                                                                          13.14
                                                                          10.94
                                                                          8.779
                                                                           8.16
                                                                          8.012
                                                                          7.025

                                                                           1970
                                                                          16.32
                                                                          13.51
                                                                          10.26
                                                                          9.802
                                                                          9.507
                                                                          8.295

                                                                           1971
                                                                          17.03
                                                                          14.13
                                                                          10.79
                                                                          9.889
                                                                          9.711
                                                                            9.2

                                                                           1972
                                                                          19.27
                                                                          15.77
                                                                          12.06
                                                                          11.15
                                                                          11.02
                                                                          10.15

                                                                           1973
                                                                          13.45
                                                                          12.39
                                                                          11.19
                                                                          10.92
                                                                          10.85
                                                                          10.69

                                                                           1974
                                                                          13.69
                                                                          12.62
                                                                          11.53
                                                                          11.33
                                                                          11.33
                                                                             11

                                                                           1975
                                                                          26.81
                                                                          21.25
                                                                          17.16
                                                                          14.41
                                                                          13.89
                                                                          12.03

                                                                           1976
                                                                          16.23
                                                                          14.94
                                                                          13.44
                                                                          13.02
                                                                          12.92
                                                                          12.79

                                                                           1977
                                                                          18.41
                                                                          16.52
                                                                          14.33
                                                                           13.9
                                                                          13.77
                                                                          13.21

                                                                           1978
                                                                          24.58
                                                                          20.75
                                                                          16.93
                                                                          15.42
                                                                          15.11
                                                                          14.01

                                                                           1979
                                                                          24.52
                                                                          20.97
                                                                          16.88
                                                                          15.75
                                                                          15.55
                                                                          14.96

                                                                           1980
                                                                          16.88
                                                                           16.2
                                                                          15.43
                                                                          15.11
                                                                           15.1
                                                                          15.02

                                                                           1981
                                                                          23.46
                                                                          20.67
                                                                          17.26
                                                                          16.25
                                                                          16.26
                                                                           15.5

                                                                           1982
                                                                           29.9
                                                                          25.24
                                                                          19.27
                                                                          17.64
                                                                          17.33
                                                                          16.47

                                                                           1983
                                                                          22.55
                                                                          20.63
                                                                          19.18
                                                                          18.33
                                                                          18.14
                                                                          17.27

                                                                           1984
                                                                          28.65
                                                                          24.63
                                                                          20.01
                                                                          18.82
                                                                          18.65
                                                                          17.88

                                                                           1985
                                                                          28.54
                                                                          24.77
                                                                           21.1
                                                                          20.22
                                                                          19.93
                                                                          18.81

                                                                           1986
                                                                          30.96
                                                                          26.88
                                                                          22.52
                                                                           21.1
                                                                          20.79
                                                                          19.78

                                                                           1987
                                                                          29.88
                                                                          26.72
                                                                          23.55
                                                                          21.99
                                                                          21.63
                                                                          20.51

                                                                           1988
                                                                          22.47
                                                                          22.07
                                                                          21.16
                                                                          20.87
                                                                          20.84
                                                                          20.61

                                                                           1989
                                                                          24.16
                                                                          22.79
                                                                          21.37
                                                                             21
                                                                          20.84
                                                                          20.49

                                                                           1990
                                                                           26.6
                                                                          24.48
                                                                          22.24
                                                                          21.82
                                                                           21.6
                                                                          20.94

Sorted results

Prob.
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly

                                                                       0.032258
                                                                          30.96
                                                                          26.88
                                                                          23.55
                                                                          21.99
                                                                          21.63
                                                                          20.94

                                                                       0.064516
                                                                           29.9
                                                                          26.72
                                                                          22.52
                                                                          21.82
                                                                           21.6
                                                                          20.61

                                                                       0.096774
                                                                          29.88
                                                                          25.24
                                                                          22.24
                                                                           21.1
                                                                          20.84
                                                                          20.51

                                                                       0.129032
                                                                          28.65
                                                                          24.77
                                                                          21.37
                                                                             21
                                                                          20.84
                                                                          20.49

                                                                        0.16129
                                                                          28.54
                                                                          24.63
                                                                          21.16
                                                                          20.87
                                                                          20.79
                                                                          19.78

                                                                       0.193548
                                                                          26.81
                                                                          24.48
                                                                           21.1
                                                                          20.22
                                                                          19.93
                                                                          18.81

                                                                       0.225806
                                                                           26.6
                                                                          22.79
                                                                          20.01
                                                                          18.82
                                                                          18.65
                                                                          17.88

                                                                       0.258065
                                                                          24.58
                                                                          22.07
                                                                          19.27
                                                                          18.33
                                                                          18.14
                                                                          17.27

                                                                       0.290323
                                                                          24.52
                                                                          21.25
                                                                          19.18
                                                                          17.64
                                                                          17.33
                                                                          16.47

                                                                       0.322581
                                                                          24.16
                                                                          20.97
                                                                          17.26
                                                                          16.25
                                                                          16.26
                                                                           15.5

                                                                       0.354839
                                                                          23.46
                                                                          20.75
                                                                          17.16
                                                                          15.75
                                                                          15.55
                                                                          15.02

                                                                       0.387097
                                                                          22.55
                                                                          20.67
                                                                          16.93
                                                                          15.42
                                                                          15.11
                                                                          14.96

                                                                       0.419355
                                                                          22.47
                                                                          20.63
                                                                          16.88
                                                                          15.11
                                                                           15.1
                                                                          14.01

                                                                       0.451613
                                                                          19.27
                                                                          16.52
                                                                          15.43
                                                                          14.41
                                                                          13.89
                                                                          13.21

                                                                       0.483871
                                                                          18.41
                                                                           16.2
                                                                          14.33
                                                                           13.9
                                                                          13.77
                                                                          12.79

                                                                       0.516129
                                                                          17.03
                                                                          15.77
                                                                          13.44
                                                                          13.02
                                                                          12.92
                                                                          12.03

                                                                       0.548387
                                                                          16.88
                                                                          14.94
                                                                          12.06
                                                                          11.33
                                                                          11.33
                                                                             11

                                                                       0.580645
                                                                          16.32
                                                                          14.13
                                                                          11.53
                                                                          11.15
                                                                          11.02
                                                                          10.69

                                                                       0.612903
                                                                          16.23
                                                                          13.51
                                                                          11.19
                                                                          10.92
                                                                          10.85
                                                                          10.15

                                                                       0.645161
                                                                          13.69
                                                                          12.62
                                                                          10.79
                                                                          9.889
                                                                          9.711
                                                                            9.2

                                                                       0.677419
                                                                          13.45
                                                                          12.39
                                                                          10.26
                                                                          9.802
                                                                          9.507
                                                                          8.295

                                                                       0.709677
                                                                          13.14
                                                                          10.94
                                                                          8.779
                                                                           8.16
                                                                          8.012
                                                                          7.025

                                                                       0.741935
                                                                          11.25
                                                                          8.519
                                                                          6.302
                                                                          6.005
                                                                          5.946
                                                                          5.643

                                                                       0.774194
                                                                          11.12
                                                                          8.134
                                                                          5.948
                                                                          5.691
                                                                          5.626
                                                                          5.313

                                                                       0.806452
                                                                          9.729
                                                                          7.799
                                                                            5.9
                                                                          5.124
                                                                          5.083
                                                                          4.521

                                                                        0.83871
                                                                          8.277
                                                                          7.357
                                                                          5.573
                                                                          4.832
                                                                          4.627
                                                                          3.443

                                                                       0.870968
                                                                          7.691
                                                                          6.674
                                                                          3.522
                                                                          2.938
                                                                          2.848
                                                                          2.316

                                                                       0.903226
                                                                          7.432
                                                                          6.081
                                                                          3.336
                                                                          2.016
                                                                          1.975
                                                                          1.725

                                                                       0.935484
                                                                          5.479
                                                                           4.05
                                                                          2.407
                                                                          1.948
                                                                          1.691
                                                                            1.3

                                                                       0.967742
                                                                           2.28
                                                                          1.943
                                                                          1.554
                                                                          1.468
                                                                          1.442
                                                                         0.5269

                                                                            0.1
                                                                         29.757
                                                                         25.193
                                                                         22.153
                                                                          21.09
                                                                          20.84
                                                                         20.508

Average of yearly averages:
                                                                       11.71426

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: MIcherry ap1

Metfile:
w14850.dvf

PRZM scenario:
MICherriesSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:
ir298.exv

Chemical Name:
acequinocyl

Description
Variable Name
Value
Units
Comments

Molecular weight
mwt
                                                                          384.5
g/mol

Henry's Law Const.
henry
                                                                       9.59E-07
atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure
vapr
                                                                       1.27E-08
torr

Solubility
sol
                                                                         0.0067
mg/L

Kd
Kd
                                                                           1027
mg/L

Koc
Koc

mg/L

Photolysis half-life
kdp
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacw
                                                                              0
days
Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacs
                                                                              0
days
Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism
asm
                                                                              0
days
Halfife

Hydrolysis:
pH 7
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Method:
CAM
                                                                              2
integer
See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:
DEPI
                                                                              0
cm

Application Rate:
TAPP
                                                                          0.336
kg/ha

Application Efficiency:
APPEFF
                                                                           0.99
fraction

Spray Drift
DRFT
                                                                          0.064
fraction of application rate applied to pond
Application Date
Date
30-06
dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm
Interval 1
interval
                                                                             14
days
Set to 0 or delete line for single app.
app. rate 1
apprate
                                                                          0.336
kg/ha

Record 17:
FILTRA

IPSCND
                                                                              3

UPTKF

Record 18:
PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC
                                                                            0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run
IR
Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc.
RUNOFF
total
none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

Approach 2
stored as MIcherry ap2.out

Chemical: acequinocyl

PRZM environment: MICherriesSTD.txt
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:40

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14850.dvf
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:10

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly

                                                                           1961
                                                                          4.525
                                                                          3.122
                                                                          1.118
                                                                         0.6104
                                                                         0.5081
                                                                         0.1698

                                                                           1962
                                                                         0.9362
                                                                         0.5987
                                                                         0.3765
                                                                         0.2836
                                                                         0.2663
                                                                         0.2179

                                                                           1963
                                                                         0.8695
                                                                         0.5407
                                                                         0.3134
                                                                         0.1934
                                                                         0.1638
                                                                          0.124

                                                                           1964
                                                                          2.106
                                                                          1.443
                                                                         0.5232
                                                                         0.3249
                                                                         0.2743
                                                                          0.138

                                                                           1965
                                                                          2.076
                                                                          1.294
                                                                         0.6581
                                                                         0.4552
                                                                         0.4006
                                                                         0.2146

                                                                           1966
                                                                          1.923
                                                                          1.183
                                                                         0.4934
                                                                          0.347
                                                                         0.3203
                                                                          0.244

                                                                           1967
                                                                         0.9068
                                                                         0.5694
                                                                         0.3468
                                                                          0.244
                                                                         0.2257
                                                                         0.1909

                                                                           1968
                                                                          1.347
                                                                         0.8181
                                                                         0.4031
                                                                         0.2632
                                                                           0.23
                                                                         0.1582

                                                                           1969
                                                                          4.117
                                                                          2.439
                                                                         0.8879
                                                                         0.5837
                                                                         0.5271
                                                                         0.2808

                                                                           1970
                                                                          3.162
                                                                          1.911
                                                                         0.8676
                                                                         0.6661
                                                                         0.5737
                                                                         0.3425

                                                                           1971
                                                                          3.605
                                                                          2.164
                                                                         0.8351
                                                                         0.5167
                                                                         0.4487
                                                                         0.3294

                                                                           1972
                                                                          6.552
                                                                          3.843
                                                                          1.492
                                                                         0.8882
                                                                         0.7888
                                                                         0.4248

                                                                           1973
                                                                          1.085
                                                                         0.7146
                                                                         0.4704
                                                                         0.3945
                                                                         0.3752
                                                                         0.3015

                                                                           1974
                                                                          1.029
                                                                         0.6892
                                                                         0.4763
                                                                         0.3206
                                                                         0.2855
                                                                         0.1961

                                                                           1975
                                                                          5.285
                                                                          3.092
                                                                          1.596
                                                                         0.8703
                                                                         0.7234
                                                                         0.3104

                                                                           1976
                                                                          2.218
                                                                          1.365
                                                                         0.5759
                                                                          0.416
                                                                         0.3731
                                                                         0.3008

                                                                           1977
                                                                          1.911
                                                                          1.197
                                                                         0.6012
                                                                          0.446
                                                                         0.3925
                                                                         0.2477

                                                                           1978
                                                                          2.789
                                                                          1.711
                                                                         0.8798
                                                                         0.5348
                                                                         0.4605
                                                                         0.2715

                                                                           1979
                                                                          5.342
                                                                          3.161
                                                                          1.138
                                                                         0.6576
                                                                         0.5629
                                                                         0.3363

                                                                           1980
                                                                         0.9552
                                                                         0.6175
                                                                         0.3961
                                                                         0.2926
                                                                         0.2816
                                                                         0.2327

                                                                           1981
                                                                          4.627
                                                                          2.794
                                                                          1.012
                                                                         0.5691
                                                                         0.5084
                                                                         0.2594

                                                                           1982
                                                                          8.311
                                                                           5.03
                                                                          1.744
                                                                         0.9656
                                                                         0.8083
                                                                         0.4162

                                                                           1983
                                                                          2.827
                                                                          1.772
                                                                         0.8035
                                                                          0.661
                                                                         0.6482
                                                                         0.4256

                                                                           1984
                                                                          4.188
                                                                          2.516
                                                                          0.968
                                                                         0.6017
                                                                         0.5282
                                                                         0.3718

                                                                           1985
                                                                          6.704
                                                                          3.944
                                                                            1.4
                                                                          1.061
                                                                          0.915
                                                                         0.4855

                                                                           1986
                                                                          4.627
                                                                          2.785
                                                                          1.225
                                                                         0.9365
                                                                         0.8414
                                                                          0.539

                                                                           1987
                                                                          5.076
                                                                          3.416
                                                                          2.083
                                                                          1.264
                                                                          1.079
                                                                         0.6063

                                                                           1988
                                                                          1.348
                                                                         0.9113
                                                                         0.5907
                                                                         0.5491
                                                                         0.5286
                                                                         0.3978

                                                                           1989
                                                                          0.924
                                                                         0.5857
                                                                         0.3641
                                                                         0.2347
                                                                          0.227
                                                                         0.1845

                                                                           1990
                                                                           2.58
                                                                          1.543
                                                                         0.6426
                                                                          0.464
                                                                         0.3995
                                                                         0.2164

Sorted results

Prob.
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly

                                                                       0.032258
                                                                          8.311
                                                                           5.03
                                                                          2.083
                                                                          1.264
                                                                          1.079
                                                                         0.6063

                                                                       0.064516
                                                                          6.704
                                                                          3.944
                                                                          1.744
                                                                          1.061
                                                                          0.915
                                                                          0.539

                                                                       0.096774
                                                                          6.552
                                                                          3.843
                                                                          1.596
                                                                         0.9656
                                                                         0.8414
                                                                         0.4855

                                                                       0.129032
                                                                          5.342
                                                                          3.416
                                                                          1.492
                                                                         0.9365
                                                                         0.8083
                                                                         0.4256

                                                                        0.16129
                                                                          5.285
                                                                          3.161
                                                                            1.4
                                                                         0.8882
                                                                         0.7888
                                                                         0.4248

                                                                       0.193548
                                                                          5.076
                                                                          3.122
                                                                          1.225
                                                                         0.8703
                                                                         0.7234
                                                                         0.4162

                                                                       0.225806
                                                                          4.627
                                                                          3.092
                                                                          1.138
                                                                         0.6661
                                                                         0.6482
                                                                         0.3978

                                                                       0.258065
                                                                          4.627
                                                                          2.794
                                                                          1.118
                                                                          0.661
                                                                         0.5737
                                                                         0.3718

                                                                       0.290323
                                                                          4.525
                                                                          2.785
                                                                          1.012
                                                                         0.6576
                                                                         0.5629
                                                                         0.3425

                                                                       0.322581
                                                                          4.188
                                                                          2.516
                                                                          0.968
                                                                         0.6104
                                                                         0.5286
                                                                         0.3363

                                                                       0.354839
                                                                          4.117
                                                                          2.439
                                                                         0.8879
                                                                         0.6017
                                                                         0.5282
                                                                         0.3294

                                                                       0.387097
                                                                          3.605
                                                                          2.164
                                                                         0.8798
                                                                         0.5837
                                                                         0.5271
                                                                         0.3104

                                                                       0.419355
                                                                          3.162
                                                                          1.911
                                                                         0.8676
                                                                         0.5691
                                                                         0.5084
                                                                         0.3015

                                                                       0.451613
                                                                          2.827
                                                                          1.772
                                                                         0.8351
                                                                         0.5491
                                                                         0.5081
                                                                         0.3008

                                                                       0.483871
                                                                          2.789
                                                                          1.711
                                                                         0.8035
                                                                         0.5348
                                                                         0.4605
                                                                         0.2808

                                                                       0.516129
                                                                           2.58
                                                                          1.543
                                                                         0.6581
                                                                         0.5167
                                                                         0.4487
                                                                         0.2715

                                                                       0.548387
                                                                          2.218
                                                                          1.443
                                                                         0.6426
                                                                          0.464
                                                                         0.4006
                                                                         0.2594

                                                                       0.580645
                                                                          2.106
                                                                          1.365
                                                                         0.6012
                                                                         0.4552
                                                                         0.3995
                                                                         0.2477

                                                                       0.612903
                                                                          2.076
                                                                          1.294
                                                                         0.5907
                                                                          0.446
                                                                         0.3925
                                                                          0.244

                                                                       0.645161
                                                                          1.923
                                                                          1.197
                                                                         0.5759
                                                                          0.416
                                                                         0.3752
                                                                         0.2327

                                                                       0.677419
                                                                          1.911
                                                                          1.183
                                                                         0.5232
                                                                         0.3945
                                                                         0.3731
                                                                         0.2179

                                                                       0.709677
                                                                          1.348
                                                                         0.9113
                                                                         0.4934
                                                                          0.347
                                                                         0.3203
                                                                         0.2164

                                                                       0.741935
                                                                          1.347
                                                                         0.8181
                                                                         0.4763
                                                                         0.3249
                                                                         0.2855
                                                                         0.2146

                                                                       0.774194
                                                                          1.085
                                                                         0.7146
                                                                         0.4704
                                                                         0.3206
                                                                         0.2816
                                                                         0.1961

                                                                       0.806452
                                                                          1.029
                                                                         0.6892
                                                                         0.4031
                                                                         0.2926
                                                                         0.2743
                                                                         0.1909

                                                                        0.83871
                                                                         0.9552
                                                                         0.6175
                                                                         0.3961
                                                                         0.2836
                                                                         0.2663
                                                                         0.1845

                                                                       0.870968
                                                                         0.9362
                                                                         0.5987
                                                                         0.3765
                                                                         0.2632
                                                                           0.23
                                                                         0.1698

                                                                       0.903226
                                                                          0.924
                                                                         0.5857
                                                                         0.3641
                                                                          0.244
                                                                          0.227
                                                                         0.1582

                                                                       0.935484
                                                                         0.9068
                                                                         0.5694
                                                                         0.3468
                                                                         0.2347
                                                                         0.2257
                                                                          0.138

                                                                       0.967742
                                                                         0.8695
                                                                         0.5407
                                                                         0.3134
                                                                         0.1934
                                                                         0.1638
                                                                          0.124

                                                                            0.1
                                                                          6.431
                                                                         3.8003
                                                                         1.5856
                                                                        0.96269
                                                                        0.83809
                                                                        0.47951

Average of yearly averages:
                                                                       0.297813

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: MIcherry ap2

Metfile:
w14850.dvf

PRZM scenario:
MICherriesSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:
ir298.exv

Chemical Name:
acequinocyl

Description
Variable Name
Value
Units
Comments

Molecular weight
mwt
                                                                          384.5
g/mol

Henry's Law Const.
henry
                                                                       9.59E-07
atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure
vapr
                                                                       1.27E-08
torr

Solubility
sol
                                                                         0.0067
mg/L

Kd
Kd
                                                                            970
mg/L

Koc
Koc

mg/L

Photolysis half-life
kdp
                                                                           0.19
days
Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacw
                                                                             97
days
Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacs
                                                                          649.8
days
Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism
asm
                                                                           48.5
days
Halfife

Hydrolysis:
pH 7
                                                                            9.6
days
Half-life

Method:
CAM
                                                                              2
integer
See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:
DEPI
                                                                              0
cm

Application Rate:
TAPP
                                                                          0.336
kg/ha

Application Efficiency:
APPEFF
                                                                           0.99
fraction

Spray Drift
DRFT
                                                                          0.064
fraction of application rate applied to pond
Application Date
Date
30-06
dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm
Interval 1
interval
                                                                             14
days
Set to 0 or delete line for single app.
app. rate 1
apprate
                                                                          0.336
kg/ha

Record 17:
FILTRA

IPSCND
                                                                              3

UPTKF

Record 18:
PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC
                                                                            0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run
IR
Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc.
RUNOFF
total
none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

                                  Appendix C
                                       
I. Provisional Cranberry Model Equations

The Provisional Cranberry Model is a refinement of the Tier I Rice Model v1.0 (Equations 1 and 2), which is a simple equilibrium partitioning equation that calculates a single, screening-level concentration in rice paddy water and released tailwater based on a compound's application rate and soil mobility.

 Equations 1-2:  Tier I Rice Model v1.0 (USEPA, 2007b).
 
		(1)
                                       
      and, if appropriate:
      
		(2)

      where,
      	Cw0 = initial water concentration [ug/L]
      mai' = mass applied per unit area [kg/ha]
      Kd = water-sediment partitioning coefficient [L/kg]
      KOC = organic carbon partitioning coefficient [L/kg]
      dw = water column depth = 0.10 m
      dsed = sediment depth = 0.01 m
      θsed = porosity of sediment = 0.509
      ρb = bulk density of sediment = 1300 kg/m[3]
 
 	First, the Tier I Rice Model was provisionally modified (Equation 3) to include as inputs degradation rate constants in order to estimate single, screening-level concentrations in paddy water or tailwater at a given time after application.
 
 Equation 3:  Provisional Modified Rice Model (Jones, 2006).
 
		(3)
    where,
    	Cw = water concentration [ug/L]
      t = interval since last application [d]
      k1 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant in water column [1/d]
             k2 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant in pore water [1/d]
             k3 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant for adsorbed residues [1/d]
	Then, the Provisional Modified Rice Model water column depth was lengthened to a depth that is used to flood cranberry bogs (i.e., 12 inches; Cape Cod Cranberry Growers Association, 2001).
                   i.e.,   dw = water column depth = 0.305 m

	In order to model degradation prior to the flood at harvest, the application rates for n number of pre-harvest applications were independently degraded over the interim until flooding and then summed (Equation 4).

 Equation 4:  Degradation in a Dry Bog.
 
		(4)
    where,
      mai' = mass per unit area at flood [kg/ha]
      mai'n = mass applied per unit area on the n[th] application [kg/ha]
             k4 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant on dry bog [1/d]
      tn = interval from the n[th] application to harvest [d]
             n = number of pre-harvest applications

	The following four equations and parameter sets constitute the Provisional Cranberry Model (Equations 1-4).
 
 Equations 1-4:  Provisional Cranberry Model.
 
		(1)

      and, if appropriate:

		(2)
      
      where,
      	Cw0 = initial water concentration [ug/L]
      Kd = water-sediment partitioning coefficient [L/kg]
      KOC = organic carbon partitioning coefficient [L/kg]
      dw = water column depth = 0.305 m
      dsed = sediment depth = 0.01 m
      θsed = porosity of sediment = 0.509
      ρb = bulk density of sediment = 1300 kg/m[3]
      
      and, lastly:
      
		(3)

      where,
    	Cw = water concentration [ug/L]
      t = interval since flood [d]
      k1 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant in water column [1/d]
             k2 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant in pore water [1/d]
             k3 = upper 90[th] percentile rate constant for adsorbed residues [1/d]
             
II. Output of Provisional Cranberry Model
                                       
                                  APPENDIX D

Table D.1.  Environmental Fate and Transport Data Submitted for Acequinocyl
                                   Guideline
                         Laboratory and Field Studies
                                     MRID
                             Study Classification

161-1

Hydrolysis (dark; pH 5, 7, and 9)

45434908

Supplemental

161-2

Photodegradation in Water (pH 7)

45434909

Supplemental

161-3

Photodegradation on Soil

45434910

Supplemental

162-1

Aerobic Soil Metabolism
Aerobic Soil Metabolism

45434911
45434912

Supplemental
Unacceptable

162-3

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism

45434913

Supplemental

162-4

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism

45434914

Supplemental

163-1

Adsorption/Desorption (Technical)
Adsorption/Desorption (Metabolite, R1)
Leaching in Unaged and Aged Soil Columns

45531902
45434907
45531903

Supplemental
Supplemental
Supplemental

164-1

Terrestrial Field Dissipation

45651601

Acceptable

165-4

Accumulation in Fish
45434923
Supplemental