Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0364-0008
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2011-12-22T05:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                       
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460                                       
                                   OFFICE OF
                            PREVENTION, PESTICIDES
                             AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

 							
                                          	PC Code No.:	 080302
                                          
                                          DP Barcodes:	353319, 363812, 363820, 363821, 363822, 363824, 369773, and 391835
                                          
                                          	Date: July 8, 2011
MEMORANDUM				

SUBJECT:	Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations of the new chemical Fluopyram from Apples, Beans (dry), Cherries, Cucurbits, Grapes (wine), Peanut, Potato, Stone Fruits, Strawberry, Sugar beet, and Tree Nuts for the Use in Human Health Risk Assessment.

TO:			Shaja Joyner, Risk Manager, RM20
			Cynthia Giles-Parker, Branch Chief, 
			Fungicide Branch, Registration Division (7505P)

AND			Paula Deschamp, Branch Chief, RAB 3
                  Health Effects Division (7509P)

FROM:		Mohammed A. Ruhman, Ph.D., Agronomist.
                  Environmental Risk Branch V, 
                  Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

THRU:		Mah T. Shamim, Ph.D., Chief
                  Environmental Risk Branch V, 
                  Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

I. Summary

This memo presents the Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) for parent fluopyram for use in an FQPA human health risk assessment.

It is noted that the registrant is seeking registration of fluopyram and its mixtures with other pesticides for use as a fungicide to prevent and/or control fungus diseases on the crops listed on the subject of this Memo. Fluopyram belongs to the "pyramide" chemical class.  The proposed highest single rate of application is 0.222 lb a.i/A with a maximum of 0.444 lb a.i./A/crop cycle (0.249 to 0.498 Kg/Ha). Single and seasonal application rates may vary with the application procedure noting that the minimum application intervals range from 5 to 14 days.  

Fluopyram is characterized by its high persistence in soil (90[th] percentile t(1/2) = 464 days), practical stability in water/sediment systems, and low affinity to soil/sediment (Average Koc value of 439 L/Kg). The chemical is not expected to partition in significant amounts into the air from water in wet and dry soil (vapor pressure= 2.33 x 10-8 torr and calculated Henry's Law Constant= 7.59 x10-10 atm m3 mol-1 at 25 °C). The degradation profile for fluopyram show very limited biotic/abiotic degradation occurring in laboratory soil systems and in laboratory aqueous systems affected by sunlight (represents shallow clear water systems). Although four environmental degradates were identified for fluopyram, the Global Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee (Global ROCKS) decided that only parent is the residue of concern in drinking water exposure. The decision was based on the degradation profile of the parent which shows a very low level of degradation in important environmental compartments. 

The screening level EDWCs from surface water sources were calculated using Tier II PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model) and EXAMS (Exposure Analysis Modeling System).  The Tier I SCI-GROW (Screening Concentration in Ground Water) model was used for calculating the EDWCs from ground water sources.  The estimates are presented in Table 1 for surface water (acute "peak" and non-cancer/cancer chronic values) and for groundwater.  Parent was modeled using many scenarios with the maximum application rate, maximum number of applications and minimum intervals stated in the labels for fluopyram and its mixtures (input parameters are shown in Tables 3 and 4, below).  Results in Table 1 are for the highest modeled concentrations. Appendix 1 contains all EDWCs from other standard scenarios representing all of the crop use patterns/application methods. Two modeling runs were executed for each scenario: one for aerial application and the other for ground or airblast applications. Ground application for all tree crops was assumed to be airblast.

Table 1 A list of the surface/ground water EDWC values for fluopyram (ppb).

Chemical

                   Surface Water EDWCs (ppb); 1-in--10 Years

                                 Ground water
                                 Acute/Chronic
                                     (ppb)

Acute Peak[1]

Non-cancer/Chronic (Annual Mean) 2

Cancer/Chronic (Overall Annual Mean) 2

Fluopyram
                                       
                                     12.97
                                       
                                     4.90
                                     3.487
                                       
                                     0.319
1 Florida cucumber scenario results; 2 ME potato scenario results

Based on the results above, the surface water acute 1-in-10 years peak EDWC is 12.97 ppb for parent fluopyram while the surface water non-cancer/chronic 1-in-10 years annual mean EDWC is 4.90 ppb and the 1-in-10-years overall mean cancer/chronic is 3.487 ppb.  For ground water acute/chronic, EDWCs is 0.319 ppb.

The above stated values represent upper-bound estimates of total concentrations that might be found in surface water and ground water due to the use of fluopyram as a fungicide in uses stated in the subject above.    EDWCs stated in Table 1 may be considered as refined due to the fact that foliar decay rate was used in all PRZM/EXAMS modeling runs. This refinement resulted in only slight reduction in the acute values and much significant reduction in the non-cancer and cancer EDWCs.
Foliar decay rate was calculated from two studies in which the residue was determined on and in foliage with no rain or irrigation occurring during the study period.

II. Environmental fate of Fluopyram

1. Fluopyram Parent

Based on abiotic laboratory studies, fluopyram is stable to photolysis on soil and to hydrolysis in acidic, neutral and alkaline systems (MRIDs 473723-06 and 473723-03/07, respectively).  Aqueous photolysis is relatively slow and is not considered to be an important transformation route in the natural environment (t(1/2)= 57 days; MRID 473723-04).  Laboratory metabolism data suggest that fluopyram is expected to be relatively persistent in major compartments of the environment including the aerobic/anaerobic soil systems (t(1/2) ranged from 162 to 754 days, MRIDs 473723-07-09/stable; MRID 473723-10), aerobic/anaerobic water/sediment systems (t(1/2)= 648 to 1,470 days for aerobic and t(1/2)= 4,680 to 5,240 days "both considered stable"; MRIDs 473723-11/12 & 13), and air (estimated t(1/2)= 1.7 to 2.6 days; AOPWIN v 1.91).  Although the chemical is highly persistent, the major route of fluopyram degradation in the environment is expected to be aerobic soil bio-transformation which is dominated by mineralization into CO2 (range of maximum formed from 5 to 27%).  Other residues forming as a result of aerobic soil bio-transformation, include very limited amounts of four minor transformation products (1 to 4%) and un-identified bound residue (range of maximum formed: from 8 to 15% within (1/3) to 1 year).  The quantity formed of potential trifluorinated products is unknown because the ring containing one of the trifluorinated carbons was only uniformly radio-labeled in the submitted environmental fate studies. Appendix 2 contains discussion concerning trifluorinated products. As stated previously, the chemical showed no significant degradation in aerobic or anaerobic water/sediment systems.  

Adsorption/desorption data suggest that fluopyram is moderately mobile (Koc: range= 316 to 591 mL g[-1]; average= 439 mL g[-1]; MRID 473723-01).  However, its relative high persistence increases the possibility for the chemical to be leached and to contaminate ground water and/or be carried by run-off to contaminate surface water. Field studies confirmed laboratory data on relative persistence in aerobic soil in at least four out of five field sites in the USA.  Field dissipation half-lives in bare-ground plots were 24 days in GA and ranged from 83 to 589 days in ND, WA and NY (MRIDs 475670-01/5).  If plant uptake can be considered minimal (plant uptake was not measured in these studies), it could be stated that the major dissipation routes were degradation plus leaching at CA site; degradation (biotic transformation) at GA site; leaching at WA site.  No major routes could be identified for NY and ND sites. 
In conclusion, fluopyram is a relatively persistent chemical with moderate mobility and high solubility. Therefore, the chemical may contaminate ground water by leaching and surface water through run-off events.

1. Fluopyram Degradation Profile

Figure 1 summarizes degradation pathways/products for fluopyram.

Figure 1 Environmental degradation pathways for fluopyram 

                                                   Fluopyram Parent
Limited aerobic soil degradation (Parent hydroxylation)
                        Very limited aqueous photolysis

                                           7-Hydroxy

                                    Lactame
                                  Molecular Cleavage

 

                                   Benzamide
       PCA 

                                       
Methyl Sulfoxide
Chemical Names (Molecular Formula  -  Weight; No CAS number reported)
Lactame: 2,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydropyrido[2,3-e][2]benza-zocin-8(5H)-one [C16H10F6N2O - 360.26 g mol[-1]]
7-Hydroxy: N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide [C16H11Cl F6N2O2 - 412.72 g mol-1]
Benzamide: 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide [C8H6F3NO -189.14 g mol-1]
PCA: 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [C7H3Cl F3NO2 - 225.26 g mol-1]
Methyl Sulfoxide: 3-(methylsulfinyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [C8H6F3NO3S - 253.20 g mol-1 ]

Only four minor metabolites were identified in aerobic soil studies. Data suggest that parent fluopyram degrades into a transient transformation product, AE C656948-7-hydroxy in which the structure of the parent is preserved.  The level of this transformation product appeared to remain low (reached maximum of 4.2% at 62 day with no clear decline) probably due to its transient nature.  Transient transformation product appears to degrade by cleavage into two minor degradates the AE C656948-pyridyl-carboxylic acid "PCA" (reached maximum of 0.7% at 15 days with no clear decline) and AE C656948-benzamide "benzamide" (reached maximum of 1.1 % at 128 days with no clear decline).   The minor degradate PCA appears to further degrade into the minor degradate methyl-sulfoxide (reached maximum of 1.0% at the end of the study with no clear decline).   No definite conclusions are possible concerning persistence of these four "soil degradates" due to their low level of formation even in one year studies

As a result of photolysis, a fifth degradate, AE C656948-lactame "lactame" was formed as a major degradate in aqueous systems (maximum formed @ 23 days = 13%) and as a minor one on the soil system (maximum formed @ 23 days= 1.2%).  Lactam is not expected to be a major degradate in most environmental compartments, except shallow and clear water bodies.  This is due to the fact that fluopyram is practically stable to photolysis on soil and that aqueous photolysis is not considered to be an important degradation pathway (mean t(1/2)= 57 days).

In the field, only three of the four soil degradates were tracked (methyl-sulfoxide was not tracked).  The first is the transient transformation product 7-hydroxy which was observed at low concentrations ranging from a maximum of 0.7 to 3.0% (at day 6) which were similar to low concentrations observed in the laboratory.  Although decline was observed in most sites, 7-hydroxy remained to be detected at the 1% level even at 665 days.  Therefore, no clear decline can be ascertained for this compound.  In contrast, the other two degradates PCA and benzamide reached higher concentrations than the laboratory as they reached maximums of 1.2 to 18.6% and 0.8 to 16.2%, respectively, after 6-days of application in five different field sites.  These two maximums were followed by rapid decline suggesting non-persistence of both under field conditions; especially that they were not leached. Non-persistence is difficult to ascertain in field studies because of possible movement instead or along with degradation.  Only biotransformation laboratory studies, with degradates as the test substance, may be used to infer persistence.  No studies were submitted to clarify this uncertainty.

Mobility was not determined for fluopyram degradates with the exception of the transient product; the 7-hydroxy.  Based on an adsorption/desorption study for the 7-hydroxy, the compound can be considered as mobile (Koc: range= 86 to 159 mL g[-1]; average= 108 mL g[-1]; MRIDs 473723-02).  However, the transient nature of the compound and the observed low concentrations in both laboratory and field studies preclude it from being important contaminant of either surface or ground waters.  In contrast, PCA and benzamide degradates may form in substantial amounts in some field soils and may contaminate surface or ground waters in certain situations.  This possibility remains uncertain because field studies may not be used to indicate persistence unless all possible dissipation routes are tracked. Table 2 contains a summary of environmental degradates formed in various laboratory and field studies.

Table 2 Summary of maximum amounts of degradates formed in environmental fate studies of fluopyram*
Degradate [1]
              Max. Degradate % of Applied (Time of Peak, day) [2]

                       Aqueous & On soil Photolysis
                               Aerobic Soil [3]
                         Terrestrial Field Dissipation
7-Hydroxy

4.2% (62 d)
3.0% (62 d)
Pyridyl-carboxylic acid (PCA)

0.7% (15 d)
16% (6 d; declined)
Methyl-sulfoxide 

1.0% (30-121 d)
1.0% (> year)
Benzamide

1.1% (128 d)
19% (6 d; declined)
Lactame [4] 
13% (23 d) & 1.2% (23 d)

[1] Refer to Figure 1 for chemical structures; No degradates were produced or identified in hydrolysis, anaerobic soil metabolism, aerobic and anaerobic aquatic studies. No ground water study was executed.
[2] Blank cell indicates that degradate was not identified in the corresponding study
[3] Low concentration levels, for ALL soil degradates, prevented conclusions on their persistence. However, it may be stated that all soil degradates shoe no clear decline.
[4] High concentration is for aqueous photolysis and low concentration for photolysis on soil.

The degradation profiles for fluopyram in most important environmental compartments (soil and water/sediment systems) reveals that potential contaminant degradates to surface/ground water are those produced from aerobic soil degradation including pyridyl-carboxylic acid (PCA), methyl-sulfoxide, and benzamide. However, production of these degradates are limited because of the relative stability of the parent.  In this respect, it should be stated that relatively high degradation occured at two sites in the field producing the degradates PCA and benzamide at relatively high levels in the first week after application (16-19% of the applied). However, data suggest  a clear decline following these observed maximums.

III. Estimating Drinking Water Exposure from Surface Water Sources

Fluopyram is a new insecticide and no surface water monitoring data is available. The Agency based this report on simulated screening values using Tier II PRZM/EXAMS.  The screening assessment for fluopyram was completed using Tier II PRZM/EXAMS program for drinking water.  The approach was to perform a model run for most of the crop use patterns. Input values for the run is summarized in Table 3.

Table 3 Summary of PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for modeling fluopyram
Input Parameter [1] (Unit)
                                    Value*
                             Reference (MRID No.)
Molecular Weight g/mole
                                    396.72
                               Product chemistry
Henry's constant (atm-m3 mol-1 @ 20 [o]C)
                                   2.94E-10
                               Product chemistry
Solubility in Water(mg/L)
                                      16
                               Product chemistry
Photolysis in Water (t(1/2) in days @ pH 7)
                                      57
                                   473723-04
Aerobic Soil Metabolism (90[th] % t(1/2) in days)
                                      464
                                473723-07 to 09
Hydrolysis (90[th] % t(1/2) in days)
                                    Stable
                                 473723-03/07
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (Whole system t(1/2) in days)
                                     1,360
                                   473723-11
Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism (Whole system t(1/2) in days)
                                     1,757
                                 473723-12/13
Koc (Average in L/Kg)
                                      439
                                   473723-01
Application rate and frequency
                           Depends on the crop label
Application intervals 

Chemical Application Method (CAM)
                                       2
                              Parameter Guidance
Application Efficiency
                                95% for aerial
                                99% for ground
                                       
Spray Drift Fraction
                                 Aerial (0.16)
                         Ground: Airblast (0.063) and 
                            others (0.064), Drip 0%
                                       

Background information on the linked PRZM/EXAM is included in Appendix 3 and the chosen highest model run in Appendix 4. 

IV. Estimating Drinking Water Exposure from Ground Water Sources

Fluopyram is a new insecticide and no ground water monitoring data is available.  The Agency used Tier I SCI-GROW model, a high exposure tier one model, for arriving at the Estimated Drinking Water Concentration (EDWC) for this chemical in ground water sources.  Background information on SCI-GROW model is included in Appendix 3 and input/output values are summarized in Tables 4 and 5, respectively

Table 4 Summary of SCI-GROW input parameters for fluopyram
Parameter

Value*

Reference (MRID Number)

Application Rate (lb a.i./acre)

Number of Applications/Year
0.222 x 2
And
0.112 x 4

Maximum label rate= 0.0754 lbs a.i/A first application and three applications at 0.1247 lbs a.i/A a total of 0.4495 lbs a.i/A/Crop cycle. Input has to be equal amounts therefore two entries were used: 2 applications at 0.22475 lbs a.i/A each (total 0.4495 lbs) and 4 applications at 0.112375 each (total 0.4495 lbs). Value chosen is that giving the highest EDWC

Aerobic Soil Metabolism t(1/2) (days)

294.5

Median of 12 values (MRID 473723-07 to 09)

Koc (L Kg-1)

397.0

Median of  5 values (MRID 473723-01)
* As per Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides. Referenced above 

Table 5 Summary of output from SCI-GROW for fluopyram 
Parameter
                                       
                                    Value*

Reference

EDWC with two applications
                               3.19 x 10 [-][1]

Output form model run

EDWC with two applications
                                3.19 x 10 [-1]

Output form model run

APPENDIX 1: Summary Table of EDWCs for Labeled Use Patterns
Ground Application (PCA adjustment was applied for all = 0.87)
Crop
Scenario
                            Single Application Rate
                            Number of Applications
                           Date of 1[st] Application
EDWC (ppb)

                                   lb a.i./A
                                  Kg a.i./ha
                                       
                                       
Peak
Yearly
All Years
Apples, Ground
NC apple
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-05
                                     12.52
                                     4.042
                                     2.127
Apples, Ground
OR apple
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-05
                                     2.27
                                     1.595
                                     1.264
Apples, Ground
PA apple
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-05
                                     8.35
                                     3.931
                                     2.491
Apples, Ground
CA fruits
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-04
                                     4.06
                                     3.192
                                     2.643
Beans (dry), Ground
MI beans
                                     0.134
                                     0.15
                                       2
                                     01-08
                                     10.35
                                     3.805
                                     2.351
Cherries Only, Ground
MI cherries
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       2
                                     10-07
                                     3.79
                                     2.764
                                     1.756
Cherries Only, Ground
CA fruits
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       2
                                     30-04
                                     1.52
                                     1.247
                                     1.000
Cucurbits, Ground
FL cucumber 
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     20-11
                                     12.97
                                     2.635
                                     1.297
Cucurbits, Ground
MI melon
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-07
                                     5.60
                                     4.219
                                     2.392
Cucurbits, Ground
MO melon
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     25-06
                                     10.38
                                     2.685
                                     1.184
Cucurbits, Ground
NJ melon
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-07
                                     5.86
                                     2.956
                                     1.840
Cucurbits, Drip
FL cucumber 
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     20-11
                                     12.97
                                     2.635
                                     1.297
Cucurbits, Drip
MI melon
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-07
                                     4.73
                                     3.291
                                     1.505
Cucurbits, Drip
MO melon
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     25-06
                                     9.36
                                     2.426
                                     0.927
Cucurbits, Drip
NJ melon
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-07
                                     4.83
                                     2.457
                                     1.351
Grapes (Wine), Ground
CA wine grapes
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-04
                                     4.32
                                     3.274
                                     2.685
Grapes (Wine), Ground
NY grapes
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-04
                                     7.99
                                     4.606
                                     3.311
Peanuts, Ground
NC peanut
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-07
                                     7.90
                                     3.017
                                     2.339
Potatoes, Ground
IDN potato
                                     0.178
                                     0.199
                                       2
                                     20-06
                                     4.17
                                     2.809
                                     2.565
Potatoes, Ground
ME potato
                                     0.178
                                     0.199
                                       2
                                     01-07
                                     7.92
                                     4.900
                                     3.487
Stone Fruits, Ground
CA fruits 3
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       4
                                     25-04
                                     2.95
                                     2.435
                                     1.991
Stone Fruits, Ground
GA peaches
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       4
                                     20-04
                                     3.33
                                     1.595
                                     1.114
 Strawberry Drip
FL strawberry 
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-12
                                     8.14
                                     1.543
                                     0.963
Sugerbeet, Ground
MN sugerbeet
                                     0.112
                                     0.125
                                       2
                                     01-05
                                     4.80
                                     3.633
                                     2.784
Tree Nuts, Ground
CA almond 
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     20-02
                                     3.48
                                     1.876
                                     1.405
Tree Nuts, Ground
GA pecans
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-08
                                     10.19
                                     2.421
                                     1.497
Tree Nuts, Ground
OR Filberts
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     20-03
                                     4.56
                                     2.384
                                     1.666

Aerial Application (PCA adjustment was applied for all = 0.87)
Crop
Scenario
                            Single Application Rate
                            Number of Applications
                           Date of 1[st] Application
                                     Peak
                                  EDWC (ppb)

                                   lb a.i./A
                                  Kg a.i./ha
                                       
                                       
                                    Yearly
                                   All Years
                                    60-day
Beans (dry)
MI beans
                                     0.134
                                     0.15
                                       2
                                     01-08
                                     10.94
                                     4.13
                                     2.72
Cherries Only
MI cherries
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       2
                                     10-07
                                     4.58
                                     3.39
                                     2.38
Cherries Only
CA fruits 2
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       2
                                     30-04
                                     3.56
                                     2.88
                                     2.47
Peanuts
NC peanut
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     15-07
                                     8.98
                                     3.56
                                     2.89
Potatoes
IDN potato
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       3
                                     20-06
                                     4.82
                                     3.26
                                     3.06
Potatoes
ME potato
                                     0.092
                                     0.103
                                       3
                                     01-07
                                     6.84
                                     4.25
                                     3.08
Tree Nuts
CA almond 
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     20-02
                                     5.42
                                     2.95
                                     2.46
Tree Nuts
GA pecans
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     01-08
                                     11.17
                                     2.67
                                     1.78
Tree Nuts
OR Filberts
                                     0.222
                                     0.249
                                       2
                                     20-03
                                     6.36
                                     3.32
                                     2.62
                     APPENDIX 2:  Trifluorinated Products

In submitted fate/transport studies, Fluoropyram was uniformly labeled in only one of the rings containing the trifluorinated carbon"; therefore, the formation and decline of potential trifluorinated degradation products is unknown.  Trifluoroacetic acid (CAS 76-05-1) is a potential degradation product that is shared by other pesticides (e.g., benfluralin, trifloxystrobin, fluometuron, and thiafluamide/flufenacet), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).  According to the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, with a vapor pressure of 110 torr at 25°C, trifluoroacetic acid will volatilize if released to the air or dry soil (USNIH, 2009).  It's half-life in air is estimated at 31 days due to reaction with hydroxyl radicals.  However, if released to water bodies or wet soil, trifluoroacetic acid will form a persistent anion (pKa of 0.52) that will not degrade by abiotic or microbial means.  The compound has been detected in surface water, seawater, and precipitation (USNIH, 2009).  Therefore, there is an exposure concern of water bodies persistently contaminated with trifluoroacetic acid from sources including degrading fluopyram residues in water bodies.

Fluoroform (trifluoromethane; CAS 75-46-7) is also a possible terminal product of the trifluorinated degradates of fluopyram.  According to the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, fluoroform will volatilize from water and soil based on a Henry's Law constant of 0.095 atm-m3/mol and a vapor pressure of 3.5 x 104 torr at 25°C (USNIH, 2009).  However, the compound has been detected in surface water and ground water.  It will persist in air with a half-life of 180 years and gradually diffuse into the stratosphere with a half-life of 20 years (USNIH, 2009).  As an HFC, fluoroform is included with the greenhouse gases subject to the Kyoto Protocol (United Nations, 1998, EPA 2009).

United Nations.  1998.  Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.  Online at: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf

United States National Institutes of Health (USNIH).  2009.  Hazardous Substances Data Bank.  United States National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Specialized Information Services, Environmental Health and Toxicology, Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET(R)), Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB(R)).  Last updated: Jun. 12, 2008.  Online at: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/
                                       
US EPA 2009.  "Adoption Proposed Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases Under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act", in Federal Register, Vol. 74, No. 78, 2009, pp. 18886 - 18910. US EPA, Office of Air and Radiation.  Washington, DC. APPENDIX 3: Background Information on the Models

a. PRZM and EXAMS models and the Index Reservoir Scenario

The linked PRZM and EXAMS models are used in this case as a second tier screen designed to estimate the pesticide concentrations found in water for use in drinking water assessments. They provide high-end values on the concentrations that might be found in a small drinking water reservoir due to the use of pesticide. The Drinking Water Index Reservoir scenario includes a 427 acres field immediately adjacent to a 13 acres reservoir, 9 feet deep, with continuous site-specific flow. This amount can be reduced due to degradation in field and the effect of binding to soil.  Spray drift is equal to 6.4% of the applied concentration from the ground spray application and 16% for aerial applications.

The PRZM/EXAMS modeling system with the Index Reservoir scenario also makes adjustments for the percent cropped area. While it is assumed that the entire watershed would not be treated, the use of a PCA is still a screen because it represents the highest percentage of crop cover of any large watershed in the US, and it assumes that the entire crop is being treated.  Various other conservative assumptions of this scenario include the use of a small drinking water reservoir surrounded by a runoff-prone watershed, the use of the maximum use rate and no buffer zone.

b. SCI-GROW

 SCI-GROW is a screening model which the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) in EPA frequently uses to estimate pesticide concentrations in vulnerable ground water. The model provides an exposure value which is used to determine the potential risk to the environment and to human health from drinking water contaminated with the pesticide. The SCI-GROW estimate is based on environmental fate properties of the pesticide (aerobic soil degradation half-life and linear adsorption coefficient normalized for soil organic carbon content), the maximum application rate, and existing data from small-scale prospective ground-water monitoring studies at sites with sandy soils and shallow ground water.

Pesticide concentrations estimated by SCI-GROW represent conservative or high-end exposure values because the model is based on ground-water monitoring studies which were conducted by applying pesticides at maximum allowed rates and frequency to vulnerable sites (i.e., shallow aquifers, sandy, permeable soils, and substantial rainfall and/or irrigation to maximize leaching). In most cases, a large majority of the use areas will have ground water that is less vulnerable to contamination than the areas used to derive the SCI-GROW estimate. SCI-GROW provide a groundwater screening exposure value to be used in determining the potential risk to human health from drinking water contaminated with the pesticide. SCI-GROW estimates likely groundwater concentrations if the pesticide is used at the maximum allowable rate in areas where groundwater is exceptionally vulnerable to contamination.  In most cases, a large majority of the use area will have groundwater that is less vulnerable to contamination than the areas used to derive the SCI-GROW estimate.
                      APPENDIX 4: Example of a Model Run

PRZM EXAMS MODEL RUNS: Highest Peak (FL Cucumber Ground)

stored as FluoprymDW.out

Chemical: Fluopyram

PRZM environment: FLcucumberSTD.txt
modified Wedday, 13 June 2007 at 12:19:24

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w12844.dvf
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:22

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly
                                                                           1961
                                                                          1.121
                                                                           1.07
                                                                          0.961
                                                                         0.5564
                                                                         0.3709
                                                                        0.09146
                                                                           1962
                                                                          3.421
                                                                          3.269
                                                                          2.807
                                                                          2.127
                                                                          1.751
                                                                         0.8643
                                                                           1963
                                                                          8.385
                                                                          4.354
                                                                          2.483
                                                                          1.274
                                                                          1.128
                                                                         0.7284
                                                                           1964
                                                                          12.07
                                                                          11.84
                                                                          10.89
                                                                          6.521
                                                                          4.419
                                                                          2.568
                                                                           1965
                                                                           6.88
                                                                          6.629
                                                                          5.667
                                                                           4.34
                                                                          3.633
                                                                          1.463
                                                                           1966
                                                                          8.742
                                                                          8.351
                                                                          7.517
                                                                           5.94
                                                                          5.104
                                                                          1.881
                                                                           1967
                                                                          3.949
                                                                           3.78
                                                                           3.17
                                                                          2.849
                                                                          2.579
                                                                          1.108
                                                                           1968
                                                                          1.807
                                                                           1.73
                                                                          1.451
                                                                          1.103
                                                                         0.9258
                                                                         0.5269
                                                                           1969
                                                                          6.812
                                                                          6.561
                                                                          5.725
                                                                          4.394
                                                                          4.006
                                                                          1.987
                                                                           1970
                                                                          9.627
                                                                          9.207
                                                                          7.831
                                                                          6.079
                                                                           5.28
                                                                          2.054
                                                                           1971
                                                                          2.624
                                                                          2.513
                                                                          2.073
                                                                          1.561
                                                                          1.283
                                                                          0.715
                                                                           1972
                                                                          3.419
                                                                          3.269
                                                                          2.761
                                                                          2.217
                                                                          1.908
                                                                         0.8736
                                                                           1973
                                                                          2.773
                                                                          2.652
                                                                          2.462
                                                                          2.076
                                                                          1.813
                                                                         0.7877
                                                                           1974
                                                                          9.695
                                                                          9.256
                                                                          8.122
                                                                          5.805
                                                                          4.763
                                                                          1.854
                                                                           1975
                                                                          2.703
                                                                           2.59
                                                                           2.18
                                                                          1.559
                                                                          1.271
                                                                          0.602
                                                                           1976
                                                                          4.087
                                                                          3.908
                                                                          3.551
                                                                          2.586
                                                                          2.112
                                                                         0.9204
                                                                           1977
                                                                          11.47
                                                                          10.96
                                                                           9.86
                                                                          6.104
                                                                          4.129
                                                                          1.916
                                                                           1978
                                                                          8.207
                                                                          7.862
                                                                          6.745
                                                                          5.168
                                                                          4.229
                                                                          1.737
                                                                           1979
                                                                          6.009
                                                                          5.739
                                                                          4.772
                                                                          3.297
                                                                          2.662
                                                                          1.358
                                                                           1980
                                                                          7.733
                                                                          7.395
                                                                           6.19
                                                                          4.892
                                                                          4.167
                                                                          1.966
                                                                           1981
                                                                           6.02
                                                                          3.459
                                                                          2.921
                                                                          2.304
                                                                          2.281
                                                                          1.053
                                                                           1982
                                                                          5.925
                                                                          5.661
                                                                          4.963
                                                                          3.653
                                                                          3.424
                                                                          1.438
                                                                           1983
                                                                          7.144
                                                                          6.893
                                                                          6.053
                                                                          4.608
                                                                          3.866
                                                                          1.645
                                                                           1984
                                                                          31.31
                                                                          30.23
                                                                          25.61
                                                                          14.25
                                                                          9.559
                                                                          3.422
                                                                           1985
                                                                          13.29
                                                                          12.76
                                                                          10.82
                                                                          7.822
                                                                           6.78
                                                                           3.08
                                                                           1986
                                                                          20.65
                                                                          19.71
                                                                          16.63
                                                                          7.974
                                                                          5.515
                                                                          3.161
                                                                           1987
                                                                          15.09
                                                                          14.45
                                                                          12.14
                                                                          8.607
                                                                          6.983
                                                                          2.498
                                                                           1988
                                                                          2.873
                                                                          2.751
                                                                          2.339
                                                                          1.903
                                                                          1.705
                                                                         0.7532
                                                                           1989
                                                                           4.91
                                                                           4.69
                                                                          2.455
                                                                          1.208
                                                                          1.032
                                                                         0.7068
                                                                           1990
                                                                          4.036
                                                                          3.859
                                                                          3.445
                                                                          2.572
                                                                          2.296
                                                                         0.9783

Sorted results

Prob.
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly
                                                                       0.032258
                                                                          31.31
                                                                          30.23
                                                                          25.61
                                                                          14.25
                                                                          9.559
                                                                          3.422
                                                                       0.064516
                                                                          20.65
                                                                          19.71
                                                                          16.63
                                                                          8.607
                                                                          6.983
                                                                          3.161
                                                                       0.096774
                                                                          15.09
                                                                          14.45
                                                                          12.14
                                                                          7.974
                                                                           6.78
                                                                           3.08
                                                                       0.129032
                                                                          13.29
                                                                          12.76
                                                                          10.89
                                                                          7.822
                                                                          5.515
                                                                          2.568
                                                                        0.16129
                                                                          12.07
                                                                          11.84
                                                                          10.82
                                                                          6.521
                                                                           5.28
                                                                          2.498
                                                                       0.193548
                                                                          11.47
                                                                          10.96
                                                                           9.86
                                                                          6.104
                                                                          5.104
                                                                          2.054
                                                                       0.225806
                                                                          9.695
                                                                          9.256
                                                                          8.122
                                                                          6.079
                                                                          4.763
                                                                          1.987
                                                                       0.258065
                                                                          9.627
                                                                          9.207
                                                                          7.831
                                                                           5.94
                                                                          4.419
                                                                          1.966
                                                                       0.290323
                                                                          8.742
                                                                          8.351
                                                                          7.517
                                                                          5.805
                                                                          4.229
                                                                          1.916
                                                                       0.322581
                                                                          8.385
                                                                          7.862
                                                                          6.745
                                                                          5.168
                                                                          4.167
                                                                          1.881
                                                                       0.354839
                                                                          8.207
                                                                          7.395
                                                                           6.19
                                                                          4.892
                                                                          4.129
                                                                          1.854
                                                                       0.387097
                                                                          7.733
                                                                          6.893
                                                                          6.053
                                                                          4.608
                                                                          4.006
                                                                          1.737
                                                                       0.419355
                                                                          7.144
                                                                          6.629
                                                                          5.725
                                                                          4.394
                                                                          3.866
                                                                          1.645
                                                                       0.451613
                                                                           6.88
                                                                          6.561
                                                                          5.667
                                                                           4.34
                                                                          3.633
                                                                          1.463
                                                                       0.483871
                                                                          6.812
                                                                          5.739
                                                                          4.963
                                                                          3.653
                                                                          3.424
                                                                          1.438
                                                                       0.516129
                                                                           6.02
                                                                          5.661
                                                                          4.772
                                                                          3.297
                                                                          2.662
                                                                          1.358
                                                                       0.548387
                                                                          6.009
                                                                           4.69
                                                                          3.551
                                                                          2.849
                                                                          2.579
                                                                          1.108
                                                                       0.580645
                                                                          5.925
                                                                          4.354
                                                                          3.445
                                                                          2.586
                                                                          2.296
                                                                          1.053
                                                                       0.612903
                                                                           4.91
                                                                          3.908
                                                                           3.17
                                                                          2.572
                                                                          2.281
                                                                         0.9783
                                                                       0.645161
                                                                          4.087
                                                                          3.859
                                                                          2.921
                                                                          2.304
                                                                          2.112
                                                                         0.9204
                                                                       0.677419
                                                                          4.036
                                                                           3.78
                                                                          2.807
                                                                          2.217
                                                                          1.908
                                                                         0.8736
                                                                       0.709677
                                                                          3.949
                                                                          3.459
                                                                          2.761
                                                                          2.127
                                                                          1.813
                                                                         0.8643
                                                                       0.741935
                                                                          3.421
                                                                          3.269
                                                                          2.483
                                                                          2.076
                                                                          1.751
                                                                         0.7877
                                                                       0.774194
                                                                          3.419
                                                                          3.269
                                                                          2.462
                                                                          1.903
                                                                          1.705
                                                                         0.7532
                                                                       0.806452
                                                                          2.873
                                                                          2.751
                                                                          2.455
                                                                          1.561
                                                                          1.283
                                                                         0.7284
                                                                        0.83871
                                                                          2.773
                                                                          2.652
                                                                          2.339
                                                                          1.559
                                                                          1.271
                                                                          0.715
                                                                       0.870968
                                                                          2.703
                                                                           2.59
                                                                           2.18
                                                                          1.274
                                                                          1.128
                                                                         0.7068
                                                                       0.903226
                                                                          2.624
                                                                          2.513
                                                                          2.073
                                                                          1.208
                                                                          1.032
                                                                          0.602
                                                                       0.935484
                                                                          1.807
                                                                           1.73
                                                                          1.451
                                                                          1.103
                                                                         0.9258
                                                                         0.5269
                                                                       0.967742
                                                                          1.121
                                                                           1.07
                                                                          0.961
                                                                         0.5564
                                                                         0.3709
                                                                        0.09146

                                                                            0.1
                                                                          14.91
                                                                         14.281
                                                                         12.015
                                                                         7.9588
                                                                         6.6535
                                                                         3.0288
PCA= 0.87; PEAK= 0.87 x 14.91= 12.97     nputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Average of yearly averages:
                                                                       1.491235

PRZM EXAMS MODEL RUNS: Highest Yearly & All Years (ME Potatoes)

Data used for this run:

Output File: FluoprymDW

Metfile:
w12844.dvf

PRZM scenario:
FLcucumberSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:
ir298.exv

Chemical Name:
Fluopyram

Description
Variable Name
Value
Units
Comments

Molecular weight
mwt
                                                                         396.72
g/mol

Henry's Law Const.
henry
                                                                       2.94E-10
atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure
vapr

torr

Solubility
sol
                                                                             16
mg/L

Kd
Kd

mg/L

Koc
Koc
                                                                            439
mg/L

Photolysis half-life
kdp
                                                                             57
days
Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacw
                                                                           1360
days
Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacs
                                                                           1757
days
Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism
asm
                                                                            464
days
Halfife

Hydrolysis:
pH 5
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Hydrolysis:
pH 7
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Hydrolysis:
pH 9
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Method:
CAM
                                                                              2
integer
See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:
DEPI
                                                                              0
cm

Application Rate:
TAPP
                                                                           0.25
kg/ha

Application Efficiency:
APPEFF
                                                                           0.99
fraction

Spray Drift
DRFT
                                                                          0.064
fraction of application rate applied to pond
Application Date
Date
20-11
dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm
Interval 1
interval
                                                                              5
days
Set to 0 or delete line for single app.
app. rate 1
apprate

kg/ha

Record 17:
FILTRA

IPSCND
                                                                              1

UPTKF

Record 18:
PLVKRT

PLDKRT
                                                                          0.131

FEXTRC
                                                                            0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run
IR
Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc.
RUNOFF
total
none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as FluoprymDW.out

Chemical: Fluopyram

PRZM environment: MEpotatoSTD.txt
modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 12:56:18

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 05:14:08

Metfile: w14607.dvf
modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 05:14:52

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly
                                                                           1961
                                                                          4.651
                                                                          4.574
                                                                          4.292
                                                                          3.839
                                                                          3.671
                                                                          1.429
                                                                           1962
                                                                          8.779
                                                                          8.658
                                                                          8.306
                                                                          7.661
                                                                          7.328
                                                                          4.308
                                                                           1963
                                                                           6.32
                                                                          6.242
                                                                          6.106
                                                                          5.869
                                                                          5.848
                                                                          4.691
                                                                           1964
                                                                          5.956
                                                                          5.885
                                                                          5.689
                                                                          5.354
                                                                          5.068
                                                                          4.271
                                                                           1965
                                                                          5.042
                                                                          4.991
                                                                          4.785
                                                                          4.382
                                                                          4.125
                                                                          3.456
                                                                           1966
                                                                           4.36
                                                                          4.296
                                                                          4.048
                                                                          3.745
                                                                          3.349
                                                                          2.429
                                                                           1967
                                                                          6.512
                                                                          6.426
                                                                          6.183
                                                                          5.782
                                                                          5.556
                                                                          3.647
                                                                           1968
                                                                          6.095
                                                                          6.022
                                                                          5.828
                                                                          5.454
                                                                           5.17
                                                                          4.109
                                                                           1969
                                                                          8.311
                                                                          8.191
                                                                          7.734
                                                                          6.947
                                                                           6.64
                                                                          4.778
                                                                           1970
                                                                          9.294
                                                                          9.152
                                                                          8.645
                                                                          7.692
                                                                          7.119
                                                                          4.721
                                                                           1971
                                                                          5.487
                                                                          5.433
                                                                          5.217
                                                                          4.812
                                                                          4.559
                                                                          3.711
                                                                           1972
                                                                           6.68
                                                                           6.58
                                                                          6.193
                                                                          5.729
                                                                          5.522
                                                                          3.453
                                                                           1973
                                                                          6.808
                                                                          6.726
                                                                          6.399
                                                                          5.897
                                                                          5.599
                                                                          4.086
                                                                           1974
                                                                           5.09
                                                                          5.036
                                                                           4.82
                                                                          4.418
                                                                          4.248
                                                                          3.547
                                                                           1975
                                                                          3.873
                                                                          3.824
                                                                          3.634
                                                                          3.368
                                                                          3.252
                                                                           2.57
                                                                           1976
                                                                          9.139
                                                                          9.012
                                                                          8.543
                                                                          7.849
                                                                          7.695
                                                                          4.648
                                                                           1977
                                                                          7.569
                                                                          7.463
                                                                          7.357
                                                                          6.961
                                                                          6.862
                                                                          5.049
                                                                           1978
                                                                          8.522
                                                                          8.442
                                                                           8.19
                                                                          7.579
                                                                          7.262
                                                                          4.995
                                                                           1979
                                                                          6.895
                                                                          6.802
                                                                          6.635
                                                                          6.013
                                                                          5.692
                                                                          4.652
                                                                           1980
                                                                          5.234
                                                                          5.171
                                                                          4.946
                                                                          4.563
                                                                          4.422
                                                                          3.679
                                                                           1981
                                                                          16.05
                                                                          15.77
                                                                          14.76
                                                                          12.92
                                                                          12.04
                                                                          5.926
                                                                           1982
                                                                          8.819
                                                                          8.718
                                                                            8.4
                                                                          8.239
                                                                           8.04
                                                                          6.343
                                                                           1983
                                                                          8.553
                                                                          8.448
                                                                          8.035
                                                                          7.706
                                                                          7.445
                                                                          5.697
                                                                           1984
                                                                          6.035
                                                                           5.98
                                                                          5.734
                                                                          5.214
                                                                          4.934
                                                                           4.29
                                                                           1985
                                                                           4.61
                                                                          4.552
                                                                          4.412
                                                                          4.058
                                                                          3.816
                                                                          3.058
                                                                           1986
                                                                          5.827
                                                                          5.744
                                                                          5.447
                                                                          5.122
                                                                          4.905
                                                                          3.538
                                                                           1987
                                                                          3.732
                                                                          3.687
                                                                          3.539
                                                                          3.306
                                                                          3.268
                                                                          2.927
                                                                           1988
                                                                          3.879
                                                                          3.827
                                                                          3.675
                                                                          3.458
                                                                          3.319
                                                                          2.811
                                                                           1989
                                                                          7.022
                                                                          6.943
                                                                          6.541
                                                                          5.886
                                                                          5.455
                                                                           3.34
                                                                           1990
                                                                          7.646
                                                                          7.541
                                                                          7.144
                                                                          6.575
                                                                          6.241
                                                                          4.099

Sorted results

Prob.
Peak
96 hr
21 Day
60 Day
90 Day
Yearly
                                                                       0.032258
                                                                          16.05
                                                                          15.77
                                                                          14.76
                                                                          12.92
                                                                          12.04
                                                                          6.343
                                                                       0.064516
                                                                          9.294
                                                                          9.152
                                                                          8.645
                                                                          8.239
                                                                           8.04
                                                                          5.926
                                                                       0.096774
                                                                          9.139
                                                                          9.012
                                                                          8.543
                                                                          7.849
                                                                          7.695
                                                                          5.697
                                                                       0.129032
                                                                          8.819
                                                                          8.718
                                                                            8.4
                                                                          7.706
                                                                          7.445
                                                                          5.049
                                                                        0.16129
                                                                          8.779
                                                                          8.658
                                                                          8.306
                                                                          7.692
                                                                          7.328
                                                                          4.995
                                                                       0.193548
                                                                          8.553
                                                                          8.448
                                                                           8.19
                                                                          7.661
                                                                          7.262
                                                                          4.778
                                                                       0.225806
                                                                          8.522
                                                                          8.442
                                                                          8.035
                                                                          7.579
                                                                          7.119
                                                                          4.721
                                                                       0.258065
                                                                          8.311
                                                                          8.191
                                                                          7.734
                                                                          6.961
                                                                          6.862
                                                                          4.691
                                                                       0.290323
                                                                          7.646
                                                                          7.541
                                                                          7.357
                                                                          6.947
                                                                           6.64
                                                                          4.652
                                                                       0.322581
                                                                          7.569
                                                                          7.463
                                                                          7.144
                                                                          6.575
                                                                          6.241
                                                                          4.648
                                                                       0.354839
                                                                          7.022
                                                                          6.943
                                                                          6.635
                                                                          6.013
                                                                          5.848
                                                                          4.308
                                                                       0.387097
                                                                          6.895
                                                                          6.802
                                                                          6.541
                                                                          5.897
                                                                          5.692
                                                                           4.29
                                                                       0.419355
                                                                          6.808
                                                                          6.726
                                                                          6.399
                                                                          5.886
                                                                          5.599
                                                                          4.271
                                                                       0.451613
                                                                           6.68
                                                                           6.58
                                                                          6.193
                                                                          5.869
                                                                          5.556
                                                                          4.109
                                                                       0.483871
                                                                          6.512
                                                                          6.426
                                                                          6.183
                                                                          5.782
                                                                          5.522
                                                                          4.099
                                                                       0.516129
                                                                           6.32
                                                                          6.242
                                                                          6.106
                                                                          5.729
                                                                          5.455
                                                                          4.086
                                                                       0.548387
                                                                          6.095
                                                                          6.022
                                                                          5.828
                                                                          5.454
                                                                           5.17
                                                                          3.711
                                                                       0.580645
                                                                          6.035
                                                                           5.98
                                                                          5.734
                                                                          5.354
                                                                          5.068
                                                                          3.679
                                                                       0.612903
                                                                          5.956
                                                                          5.885
                                                                          5.689
                                                                          5.214
                                                                          4.934
                                                                          3.647
                                                                       0.645161
                                                                          5.827
                                                                          5.744
                                                                          5.447
                                                                          5.122
                                                                          4.905
                                                                          3.547
                                                                       0.677419
                                                                          5.487
                                                                          5.433
                                                                          5.217
                                                                          4.812
                                                                          4.559
                                                                          3.538
                                                                       0.709677
                                                                          5.234
                                                                          5.171
                                                                          4.946
                                                                          4.563
                                                                          4.422
                                                                          3.456
                                                                       0.741935
                                                                           5.09
                                                                          5.036
                                                                           4.82
                                                                          4.418
                                                                          4.248
                                                                          3.453
                                                                       0.774194
                                                                          5.042
                                                                          4.991
                                                                          4.785
                                                                          4.382
                                                                          4.125
                                                                           3.34
                                                                       0.806452
                                                                          4.651
                                                                          4.574
                                                                          4.412
                                                                          4.058
                                                                          3.816
                                                                          3.058
                                                                        0.83871
                                                                           4.61
                                                                          4.552
                                                                          4.292
                                                                          3.839
                                                                          3.671
                                                                          2.927
                                                                       0.870968
                                                                           4.36
                                                                          4.296
                                                                          4.048
                                                                          3.745
                                                                          3.349
                                                                          2.811
                                                                       0.903226
                                                                          3.879
                                                                          3.827
                                                                          3.675
                                                                          3.458
                                                                          3.319
                                                                           2.57
                                                                       0.935484
                                                                          3.873
                                                                          3.824
                                                                          3.634
                                                                          3.368
                                                                          3.268
                                                                          2.429
                                                                       0.967742
                                                                          3.732
                                                                          3.687
                                                                          3.539
                                                                          3.306
                                                                          3.252
                                                                          1.429

                                                                            0.1
                                                                          9.107
                                                                         8.9826
                                                                         8.5287
                                                                         7.8347
                                                                           7.67
                                                                         5.6322

Average of yearly averages:
                                                                         4.0086

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: FluoprymDW

Metfile:
w14607.dvf

PRZM scenario:
MEpotatoSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:
ir298.exv

Chemical Name:
Fluopyram

Description
Variable Name
Value
Units
Comments

Molecular weight
mwt
                                                                         396.72
g/mol

Henry's Law Const.
henry
                                                                       2.94E-10
atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure
vapr

torr

Solubility
sol
                                                                             16
mg/L

Kd
Kd

mg/L

Koc
Koc
                                                                            439
mg/L

Photolysis half-life
kdp
                                                                             57
days
Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacw
                                                                           1360
days
Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism
kbacs
                                                                           1757
days
Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism
asm
                                                                            464
days
Halfife

Hydrolysis:
pH 5
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Hydrolysis:
pH 7
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Hydrolysis:
pH 9
                                                                              0
days
Half-life

Method:
CAM
                                                                              2
integer
See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:
DEPI
                                                                              0
cm

Application Rate:
TAPP
                                                                          0.199
kg/ha

Application Efficiency:
APPEFF
                                                                           0.99
fraction

Spray Drift
DRFT
                                                                          0.064
fraction of application rate applied to pond
Application Date
Date
                                                                          7-Jan
dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm
Interval 1
interval
                                                                              5
days
Set to 0 or delete line for single app.
app. rate 1
apprate

kg/ha

Record 17:
FILTRA

IPSCND
                                                                              1

UPTKF

Record 18:
PLVKRT

PLDKRT
                                                                          0.131

FEXTRC
                                                                            0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run
IR
Reservoir

Flag for runoff calc.
RUNOFF
total
none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

SciGrow MODEL RUN

SciGrow version 2.3
 Chemical: Fluopyram
 Time is 6/23/2010 11:58:35
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Application		Number of       Total Use    	Koc      	Soil Aerobic
  Rate (lb/acre)		Applications   (lb/acre/yr)   	(ml/g)[1] 	metabolism (days)[2]
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      0.223		     2.0           	   0.446      	 3.97E+02      	        294.5
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Groundwater screening concentration (ppb) =   3.19E-01 = 0.319 ppb
 ************************************************************************