Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2003-0079-0004
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-11-18T05:00Z

Table
1b.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Copper
to
Saltwater
Animals
Speciesa
Age,
Size,
or
Lifestage
of
Test
Organism
Test
Methodb
Chemicalc
Salinity
(
g/
kg)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50d
(
Total
µ
g/
L)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50e
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
LC50
or
EC50
Used
in
SMAV
Calculationsf
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
SMAVg
(
Diss.

µ
g/
L)
Reference
Nematode,
Caenorhabditis
elegans
3­
4
d
S,
U
S
5.5
260
­­­
217.9
217.9
Williams
&
Dusenbery
1990
Polychaete
worm,

Phyllodoce
maculata
­­­
S,
U
S
­­­
120
­­­
100.6
100.6
McLusky
&
Phillips
1975
Polychaete
worm,
adult
F,
M,
T
N
31
77
­­­
69.99
136.9
Pesch
&
Morgan
1978
Neanthes
arenaceodentata
adult
F,
M,
T
N
31
200
­­­
181.8
Pesch
&
Morgan
1978
­­­
F,
M,
T
N
31
222
­­­
201.8
Pesch
&
Hoffman
1982
Polychaete
worm,
­­­
S,
U
S
­­­
200
­­­
167.6
318.3
Jones
et
al.
1976
Hediste
diversicolor
­­­
S,
U
S
­­­
445
­­­
372.9
Jones
et
al.
1976
­­­
S,
U
S
­­­
480
­­­
402.2
Jones
et
al.
1976
­­­
S,
U
S
­­­
410
­­­
343.6
Jones
et
al.
1976
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
7.3
357
­­­
299.2
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
7.3
357
­­­
299.2
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
7.3
247
­­­
207.0
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
14.6
307
­­­
257.3
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
14.6
400
­­­
335.2
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
14.6
462
­­­
387.2
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
21.9
375
­­­
314.3
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
21.9
362
­­­
303.4
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
21.9
480
­­­
402.2
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
29.2
512
­­­
429.1
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
29.2
360
­­­
301.7
Ozoh
1992a
2.0
cm
R,
U
N
29.2
500
­­­
419.0
Ozoh
1992a
mature
R,
U
N
7.6
394
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
22.8
949
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
30.5
858
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
7.6
479
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
15.25
628
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
22.8
742
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
30.5
738
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
7.6
360
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
15.25
648
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
22.8
1,090
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
mature
R,
U
N
30.5
857
­­­
NU
Ozoh
1992b
Black
abalone,

Haliotis
cracherodii
6.2­
17.0
cm
S,
U
S
33
50
­­­
41.90
41.90
Martin
et
al.
1977
Red
abalone,
17.3­
20.4
cm
S,
U
S
33
65
­­­
54.47
72.14
Martin
et
al.
1977
Haliotsis
rufescens
48
h
larva
S,
U
S
30.4
114
­­­
95.53
Martin
et
al.
1977
36
Table
1b.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Copper
to
Saltwater
Animals
Speciesa
Age,
Size,
or
Lifestage
of
Test
Organism
Test
Methodb
Chemicalc
Salinity
(
g/
kg)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50d
(
Total
µ
g/
L)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50e
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
LC50
or
EC50
Used
in
SMAV
Calculationsf
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
SMAVg
(
Diss.

µ
g/
L)
Reference
Mussel,
embryo
S,
U
S
­­­
5.8
­­­
NU
6.188
Martin
et
al.
1981
Mytilus
spp.
embryo
S,
U
S
33
7.21
­­­
NU
ToxScan
1991a
embryo
S,
U
S
32
6.4
­­­
NU
ToxScan
1991b
embryo
S,
U
S
32
5.84
­­­
NU
ToxScan
1991c
embryo
S,
M,
D
S
27
­­­
5.787
5.787
ToxScan
1991a
embryo
S,
M,
D
S
28
­­­
8.889
8.889
ToxScan
1991b
embryo
S,
M,
D
S
26
­­­
6.278
6.278
ToxScan
1991c
embryo
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
12.45
12.45
SAIC
1993
embryo
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
14.1
14.10
SAIC
1993
embryo
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
11.3
11.30
SAIC
1993
embryo
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
11.9
11.90
SAIC
1993
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
7.159
5.95
5.950
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
5.847
5.208
5.208
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
5.028
5.054
5.054
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
3.821
3.752
3.752
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
4.696
3.803
3.803
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
6.418
4.965
4.965
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
6.215
5.724
5.724
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
6.205
5.838
5.838
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
5.874
5.439
5.439
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
5.404
4.746
4.746
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
5.998
5.099
5.099
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
9.049
8.302
8.302
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
7.194
5.024
5.024
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
8.019
6.822
6.822
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
7.291
5.591
5.591
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
8.932
6.351
6.351
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
7.194
5.024
5.024
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
5.56
4.392
4.392
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
8.479
7.497
7.497
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
7.362
6.789
6.789
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
8.019
6.822
6.822
City
of
San
Jose
1998
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
9.5
7.806
7.806
City
of
San
Jose
1998
Blue
mussel,
<
4
hr
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
20
17.46
17.83
17.830
21.497927
CH2MHill
1999b
Mytilus
edulis
<
4
hr
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
20
22.81
21.35
21.350
CH2MHill
1999b
<
4
hr
embryo
S,
M,
T,
D
S
20
27.37
26.1
26.100
CH2MHill
1999b
1.58
cm
R,
U
C
25
122
­­­
NU
Nelson
et
al.
1988
Bay
scallop,

Argopecten
irradians
2.12
cm
R,
U
C
25
29
­­­
24.30
24.30
Nelson
et
al.
1988
37
Table
1b.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Copper
to
Saltwater
Animals
Speciesa
Age,
Size,
or
Lifestage
of
Test
Organism
Test
Methodb
Chemicalc
Salinity
(
g/
kg)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50d
(
Total
µ
g/
L)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50e
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
LC50
or
EC50
Used
in
SMAV
Calculationsf
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
SMAVg
(
Diss.

µ
g/
L)
Reference
Pacific
oyster,
embryo
S,
M,
T
C
30
12.06
­­­
10.963
10.96254
Harrison
et
al.
1981
Crassostrea
gigas
­­­
S,
U
S
­­­
5.3
­­­
NU
Martin
et
al.
1981
embryo
S,
U
S
33
11.5
­­­
NU
Coglianese
&
Martin
1981
13­
17
cm
adult
F,
M,
T
S
33
560
­­­
NU
Okazaki
1976
Eastern
oyster,
embryo
S,
U
C
26
15.1
­­­
12.65
14.488
MacInnes
&
Calabrese
1978
Crassostrea
virginica
embryo
S,
U
C
26
18.7
­­­
15.67
MacInnes
&
Calabrese
1978
embryo
S,
U
C
26
18.3
­­­
15.34
MacInnes
&
Calabrese
1978
Common
rangia,
­­­
S,
U
­­­
5.5
8,000
­­­
6,704
6,448
Olson
&
Harrel
1973
Rangia
cuneata
­­­
S,
U
­­­
22
7,400
­­­
6,201
Olson
&
Harrel
1973
Surf
clam,

Spisula
solidissima
1.59
cm
R,
U
C
25
51
­­­
42.74
42.74
Nelson
et
al.
1988
Soft­
shell
clam,

Mya
arenaria
­­­
S,
U
C
30
39
­­­
32.68
32.68
Eisler
1977
Coot
clam,
­­­
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
21
21.00
17.69
SAIC
1993
Mulina
lateralis
­­­
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
19.25
19.25
SAIC
1993
­­­
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
14.93
14.93
SAIC
1993
­­­
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
17.28
17.28
SAIC
1993
­­­
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
16.85
16.85
SAIC
1993
­­­
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
17.44
17.44
SAIC
1993
Squid,

Loligo
opalescens
larva
S,
M,
T
C
30
309
­­­
280.9
280.9
Dinnel
et
al.
1989
Copepod,
Pseudodiaptomus
coronatus
­­­
S,
U
C
30
235.4
­­­
197.3
197.3
Gentile
1982
Copepod,
­­­
S,
U
C
30
928
­­­
NU
25.83
Gentile
1982
Eurytemora
affinis
24
h
R,
M,
T
­­­
­­­
30.6
­­­
27.82
Sullivan
et
al.
1983
24
h
R,
M,
T
­­­
­­­
31.1
­­­
28.27
Sullivan
et
al.
1983
24
h
R,
M,
T
­­­
­­­
28.7
­­­
26.09
Sullivan
et
al.
1983
24
h
R,
M,
T
­­­
­­­
7.5
­­­
6.818
Sullivan
et
al.
1983
24
h
R,
M,
T
­­­
­­­
33.7
­­­
30.63
Sullivan
et
al.
1983
24
h
S,
M,
D
C
15­
16
­­­
69.4
69.40
Hall
et
al.
1997
Copepod,

Acartia
clausi
­­­
S,
U
C
30
48.8
­­­
40.89
40.89
Gentile
1982
Copepod,
­­­
S,
U
C
10
17
­­­
14.25
25.74
Sosnowski
&
Gentile
1978
Acartia
tonsa
­­­
S,
U
C
10
55
­­­
46.09
Sosnowski
&
Gentile
1978
­­­
S,
U
C
30
31
­­­
25.98
Sosnowski
&
Gentile
1978
Copepod,
egg
R,
U
N
35
229
­­­
191.9
196.2
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
Tigriopus
californicus
1st
nauplius
R,
U
N
35
76
­­­
63.69
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
2nd
nauplius
R,
U
N
35
19
­­­
15.92
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
3rd
nauplius
R,
U
N
35
159
­­­
133.2
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
4th
nauplius
R,
U
N
35
184
­­­
154.2
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
38
Table
1b.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Copper
to
Saltwater
Animals
Speciesa
Age,
Size,
or
Lifestage
of
Test
Organism
Test
Methodb
Chemicalc
Salinity
(
g/
kg)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50d
(
Total
µ
g/
L)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50e
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
LC50
or
EC50
Used
in
SMAV
Calculationsf
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
SMAVg
(
Diss.

µ
g/
L)
Reference
5th
nauplius
R,
U
N
35
261
­­­
218.7
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
6th
nauplius
R,
U
N
35
305
­­­
255.6
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
1st
copepodite
R,
U
N
35
375
­­­
314.3
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
2nd
copepodite
R,
U
N
35
496
­­­
415.6
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
3rd
copepodite
R,
U
N
35
413
­­­
346.1
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
4th
copepodite
R,
U
N
35
394
­­­
330.2
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
5th
copepodite
R,
U
N
35
394
­­­
330.2
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
6th
copepodite
R,
U
N
35
762
­­­
638.6
O'Brien
et
al.
1988
Copepod,

Tigriopus
furcata
<
24
h
R,
M,
D
S
­­­
­­­
178
178.0
178.0
Bechmann
1994
Mysid,
Holmesimysis
costata
3
d
S,
M,
T
C
35­
38
17
­­­
15.45
15.45
Martin
et
al.
1989
Mysid,
24
h
R,
U
C
25
153
­­­
NU
164.529
Cripe
1994
Americamysis
bahia
24
h
F,
M,
T
N
30
181
­­­
164.5
Lussier
et
al.
1985;
Gentile
1982
Mysid,
Americamysis
bigelowi
24
h
F,
M,
T
N
30
141
­­­
128.2
128.2
Gentile
1982
Mysid,
<
5
d
F,
M,
T
S
2
71
­­­
64.54
123.4
Brandt
et
al.
1993
Neomysis
mercedis
>
15
d
F,
M,
T
S
2
220
­­­
200.0
Brandt
et
al.
1993
>
15
d
F,
M,
T
S
2
160
­­­
145.4
Brandt
et
al.
1993
Amphipod,
Corophium
insidiosum
0.8­
1.2
cm
S,
U
C
­­­
600
­­­
502.8
502.8
Reish
1993
Amphipod,
Elasmopus
bampo
0.8­
1.2
cm
S,
U
C
­­­
250
­­­
209.5
209.5
Reish
1993
Sand
shrimp,

Crangon
spp.
6.1
cm
adult
F,
M,
T
C
30.1
898
­­­
816.3
816.3
Dinnel
et
al.
1989
American
lobster,

Homarus
americanus
24
h
larva
S,
U
N
30.5
48
­­­
40.22
40.22
Johnson
&
Gentile
1979
Dungeness
crab,
larva
S,
U
S
­­­
49
­­­
41.06
41.06
Martin
et
al.
1981
Cancer
magister
zooea
S,
M,
T
C
30
96
­­­
NU
Dinnel
et
al.
1989
Green
crab,

Carcinus
maenas
larva
S,
U
S
­­­
600
­­­
502.8
502.8
Connor
1972
Sea
urchin,

Arbacia
punctulata
embryo
S,
M,
D
C
30
­­­
21.4
21.4
21.4
SAIC
1993
Sea
urchin,
embryo
S,
M,
T
S
28
13.4
­­­
12.18
12.81
City
of
San
Jose
1998
Strongylocentrotus
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
14.383
13.515
13.52
City
of
San
Jose
1998
purpuratus
S,
M,
T,
D
S
28
15.048
12.765
12.77
City
of
San
Jose
1998
Coho
salmon,
Oncorhynchus
kisutch
smolt
F,
M,
T
C
28.6
601
­­­
546.3
546.3
Dinnel
et
al.
1989
Mangrove
rivulus,
4­
6
wks
F,
M,
D
S
14
­­­
1,250
1,250
1,419
Lin
&
Dunson
1993
Rivulus
marmoratus
4­
6
wks
F,
M,
D
S
14
­­­
1610
1,610
Lin
&
Dunson
1993
39
Table
1b.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Copper
to
Saltwater
Animals
Speciesa
Age,
Size,
or
Lifestage
of
Test
Organism
Test
Methodb
Chemicalc
Salinity
(
g/
kg)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50d
(
Total
µ
g/
L)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50e
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
LC50
or
EC50
Used
in
SMAV
Calculationsf
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
SMAVg
(
Diss.

µ
g/
L)
Reference
Sheepshead
minnow,

Cyprinodon
variegatus
­­­
R,
M,
T
C
or
S
30
368
­­­
334.5
334.5
Hughes
et
al.
1989
Killifish,
­­­
S,
U
C
5.5
3,100
­­­
NU
1,690
Dorfman
1977
Fundulus
heteroclitus
­­­
S,
U
C
23.6
2,000
­­­
NU
Dorfman
1977
­­­
S,
U
C
6.1
2,300
­­­
NU
Dorfman
1977
­­­
S,
U
C
24
400
­­­
NU
Dorfman
1977
4­
6
wks
F,
M,
D
S
14
­­­
1,690
1,690
Lin
&
Dunson
1993
Topsmelt,
8
d
larva
S,
M,
T
C
33
288
­­­
261.8
220.9
Anderson
et
al.
1991
Atherinops
affinis
8
d
larva
S,
M,
T
C
33
212
­­­
192.7
Anderson
et
al.
1991
8
d
larva
S,
M,
T
C
33
235
­­­
213.6
Anderson
et
al.
1991
Inland
silverside,
­­­
S,
M,
D
S
­­­
­­­
115.4
115.4
111.1
ToxScan
1991a
Menidia
beryllina
­­­
S,
M,
D
S
­­­
­­­
96.5
96.50
ToxScan
1991b
­­­
S,
M,
D
S
­­­
­­­
123
123.0
ToxScan
1991c
Atlantic
silverside,
3
wk
larva
F,
M,
T
N
31
66.6
­­­
60.54
123.3
Cardin
1982
Menidia
menidia
1
wk
larva
F,
M,
T
N
30.4
216.5
­­­
196.8
Cardin
1982
1
d
larva
F,
M,
T
N
30.4
101.8
­­­
92.54
Cardin
1982
3
d
larva
F,
M,
T
N
31
97.6
­­­
88.72
Cardin
1982
2
wk
larva
F,
M,
T
N
30
155.9
­­­
141.7
Cardin
1982
1
d
larva
F,
M,
T
N
30
197.6
­­­
179.6
Cardin
1982
juvenile
F,
M,
T
N
30
190.9
­­­
173.5
Cardin
1982
Tidewater
silverside,

Menidia
peninsulae
19
d
larva
S,
U
N
20
140
­­­
117.3
117.3
Hansen
1983
Striped
bass,
1­
2
mo
S,
U
S
5
2,680
­­­
2,246
4648.0
Reardon
&
Harrell
1990
Morone
saxatilis
1­
2
mo
S,
U
S
10
8,080
­­­
6,771
Reardon
&
Harrell
1990
1­
2
mo
S,
U
S
15
7,880
­­­
6,603
Reardon
&
Harrell
1990
Florida
pompano,
­­­
S,
U
S
10
360
­­­
301.7
345.0
Birdsong
&
Avavit
1971
Trachinotus
carolinus
­­­
S,
U
S
20
380
­­­
318.4
Birdsong
&
Avavit
1971
­­­
S,
U
S
30
510
­­­
427.4
Birdsong
&
Avavit
1971
Sheepshead,

Archosargus
probatocephalus
18­
21
cm
S,
U
C
30
1,140
­­­
955.3
955.3
Steele
1983a
Pinfish,
Langodon
rhomboides
13­
17
cm
S,
U
C
30
2,750
­­­
2,305
2,305
Steele
1983a
Spot,
Leiostomus
xanthurus
adult
S,
U
N
20
280
­­­
234.6
234.6
Hansen
1983
Atlantic
croaker,

Micropogon
undulatus
16­
19
cm
S,
U
C
30
5,660
­­­
4,743
4,743
Steele
1983a
Cabezon,
Scorpaenichthys
marmoratus
larva
S,
M,
T
C
27
95
­­­
86.36
86.36
Dinnel
et
al.
1989
Shiner
perch,
Cymatogaster
aggregata
9.7
cm
adult
F,
M,
T
C
29.5
418
­­­
380.0
380.0
Dinnel
et
al.
1989
40
Table
1b.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Copper
to
Saltwater
Animals
Speciesa
Age,
Size,
or
Lifestage
of
Test
Organism
Test
Methodb
Chemicalc
Salinity
(
g/
kg)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50d
(
Total
µ
g/
L)
Reported
LC50
or
EC50e
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
LC50
or
EC50
Used
in
SMAV
Calculationsf
(
Diss.
µ
g/
L)
SMAVg
(
Diss.

µ
g/
L)
Reference
Summer
flounder,

Paralichthys
dentatus
46
d,
1.8­
2.2
cm,
0.03­

0.05
g
S,
M,
T,
D
S
22
610
586
NU
12.66
CH2MHill
1999a
48
d,
2.0­
2.4
cm,
0.04­

0.08
g
S,
M,
T,
D
S
22
1,029
928
NU
CH2MHill
1999a
57
d,
2.4­
2.8
cm,
0.07­

0.12
g
S,
M,
T,
D
S
22
606
597
NU
CH2MHill
1999a
early
cleavage
embryo
F,
M,
T
N
30
16.3
­­­
14.82
Cardin
1982
early
cleavage
embryo
F,
M,
T
N
30
11.9
­­­
10.82
Cardin
1982
blastula
stage
embryo
F,
M,
T
N
30
111.8
­­­
NU
Cardin
1982
blastula
stage
embryo
F,
M,
T
N
30
77.5
­­­
NU
Cardin
1982
Winter
flounder,
blastula
F,
M,
T
N
30
167.3
­­­
152.1
124.9
Cardin
1982
Pseudopleuronectes
american
pre­
cleavage
zygote
F,
M,
T
N
30
52.7
­­­
47.90
Cardin
1982
blastula
F,
M,
T
N
28
158
­­­
143.6
Cardin
1982
blastula
F,
M,
T
N
30
173.7
­­­
157.9
Cardin
1982
pre­
cleavage
zygote
F,
M,
T
N
28
271
­­­
246.3
Cardin
1982
pre­
cleavage
zygote
F,
M,
T
N
30
132.8
­­­
120.7
Cardin
1982
blastula
F,
M,
T
N
30
148.2
­­­
134.7
Cardin
1982
early
cleavage
embryo
F,
M,
T
N
30
98.2
­­­
89.26
Cardin
1982
aSpecies
appear
in
order
taxonomically,
with
invertebrates
listed
first
and
fish
listed
last.
Species
within
each
genus
are
ordered
alphabetically.
Within
each
species,
tests
are
ordered
by
test
method
(
static,
renewal,
flow­
through)
and
date.

bS
=
static,
R
=
renewal,
F
=
flow­
through,
U
=
unmeasured,
M
=
measured,
T
=
exposure
concentrations
were
measured
as
total
copper,
D
=
exposure
concentrations
were
measured
as
dissolved
copper
cS
=
copper
sulfate,
N
=
copper
nitrate,
C
=
copper
chloride
dValues
in
this
column
are
total
copper
LC50
or
EC50
values
as
reported
by
the
author.

eValues
in
this
column
are
dissolved
copper
LC50
or
EC50
values
as
reported
by
the
author.

fIf
author
did
not
report
a
dissolved
copper
LC50
value,
then
a
conversion
factor
(
CF)
was
applied
to
the
total
copper
LC50
to
estimate
dissolved
copper
values.
For
tests
in
which
copper
was
not
measured,
the
total
copper
LC50
was
multiplied
by
a
CF
of
0.838,
and
for
tests
in
which
copper
concentrations
were
measured,
the
total
copper
LC50
was
multiplied
by
a
CF
of
0.909
see
discussion
in
Section
4
and
Appendix
E).
'
NU'
indicates
that
a
test
result
was
not
used
in
the
SMAV
calculation,
typically
because
data
for
a
more
sensitive
life
stage
were
used
preferentially.

gThe
species
mean
acute
value
(
SMAV)
is
calculated
as
the
geometric
mean
of
the
tabulated
LC50
or
EC50
values
for
each
species
(
Stephan
et
al.
1985).

41
Table
3b.
Ranked
Saltwater
Genus
Mean
Acute
Values
with
Species
Mean
Acute­
Chronic
Ratios
GMAV
Rank
GMAV
(
µ
g/
L)
Species
SMAV
(
µ
g/
L)
ACR
44
6,448
Common
rangia,
Rangia
cuneata
6,448
43
4,743
Atlantic
croaker,
Micropogon
undulatus
4,743
42
4,648
Striped
bass,
Morone
saxatilis
4,648
41
2,305
Pinfish,
Langodon
rhomboides
2,305
40
1,690
Killifish,
Fundulus
heteroclitus
1,690
39
1,419
Mangrove
rivulus,
Rivulus
marmoratus
1,419
38
955.3
Sheepshead,
Archosargus
probatocephalus
955.3
37
816.3
Sand
shrimp,
Crangon
spp.
816.3
36
546.3
Coho
salmon,
Oncorhynchus
kisutch
546.3
35
502.8
Green
crab,
Carcinus
maenas
502.8
34
502.8
Amphipod,
Corophium
insidiosum
502.8
33
380.0
Shiner
perch,
Cymatogaster
aggregata
380.0
32
345.0
Florida
pompano,
Trachinotus
carolinus
345.0
31
334.5
Sheepshead
minnow,
Cyprinodon
variegatus
334.5
1.48
30
318.3
Polychaete
worm,
Hediste
diversicolor
318.3
29
280.9
Squid,
Loligo
opalescens
280.9
28
234.6
Spot,
Leiostomus
xanthurus
234.6
27
220.9
Topsmelt,
Atherinops
affinis
220.9
26
217.9
Nematode,
Caenorhabditis
elegans
217.9
25
209.5
Amphipod,
Elasmopus
bampo
209.5
24
197.3
Copepod,
Pseudodiaptomus
coronatus
197.3
23
186.9
Copepod,
Tigriopus
furcata
178.0
Copepod,
Tigriopus
californicus
196.2
22
145.2
Mysid,
Americamysis
bahia
164.5
Mysid,
Mysidopsis
bigelowi
128.2
21
136.9
Polychaete
worm,
Neanthes
arenaceodentata
136.9
20
124.9
Winter
flounder,
Pseudopleuronectes
americanus
124.9
19
123.4
Mysid,
Neomysis
mercedis
123.4
18
117.1
Tidewater
silverside,
Menidia
peninsulae
117.3
Atlantic
silverside,
Menidia
menidia
123.3
Inland
silverside,
Menidia
beryllina
111.1
17
100.6
Polychaete
worm,
Phyllodoce
maculata
100.6
16
86.4
Cabezon,
Scorpaenichthys
marmoratus
86.36
15
54.98
Black
abalone,
Haliotis
cracherodii
41.90
Red
abalone,
Haliotsis
rufescens
72.14
14
42.74
Surf
clam,
Spisula
solidissima
42.74
13
41.06
Dungeness
crab,
Cancer
magister
41.06
12
40.22
American
lobster,
Homarus
americanus
40.22
11
32.68
Soft­
shell
clam,
Mya
arenaria
32.68
47
Table
3b.
Ranked
Saltwater
Genus
Mean
Acute
Values
with
Species
Mean
Acute­
Chronic
Ratios
GMAV
Rank
GMAV
(
µ
g/
L)
Species
SMAV
(
µ
g/
L)
ACR
10
32.45
Copepod,
Acartia
tonsa
25.74
Copepod,
Acartia
clausi
40.89
9
25.83
Copepod,
Eurytemora
affinis
25.83
8
24.30
Bay
scallop,
Argopecten
irradians
24.30
7
21.40
Sea
urchin,
Arbacia
punctulata
21.40
6
17.69
Coot
clam,
Mulina
lateralis
17.69
5
15.45
Mysid,
Holmesimysis
costata
15.45
4
12.81
Sea
urchin,
Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus
12.81
3
12.66
Summer
flounder,
Paralichthys
dentatus
12.66
2
12.60
Eastern
oyster,
Crassostrea
virginica
14.49
Pacific
oyster,
Crassostrea
gigas
10.96
1
11.53
Blue
mussel,
Mytilus
edulis
21.50
Mussel,
Mytilus
sp.
6.19
48