Document ID: EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0017-0002
Agency: epa
Document Type: Rule
Title: Direct Final Approval of the Cincinnati, Ohio 1997 PM2.5 Annual Standard redesignation
Posted Date: 2011-10-19T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 202 (Wednesday, October 19, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 64825-64838]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-26887]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 52 and 81

[EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0017; EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0106; FRL-9480-6]

Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans, 
Ohio and Indiana; Redesignation of the Ohio and Indiana Portions 
Cincinnati-Hamilton Area to Attainment of the 1997 Annual Standard for 
Fine Particulate Matter

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Direct final rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is approving, under the Clean Air Act (CAA), Ohio's and 
Indiana's requests to redesignate their respective portions of the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton nonattainment area (for Ohio: Butler, Clermont, 
Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; for IN: a portion of Dearborn 
County) to attainment for the 1997 annual National Ambient Air Quality 
Standard (NAAQS or standard) for fine particulate matter 
(PM2.5). The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA) 
submitted its request on December 9, 2010, and the Indiana

[[Page 64826]]

Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) submitted its request on 
January 25, 2011. Kentucky's request to redesignate its portion of the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area, submitted to EPA on January 27, 2011, will be 
addressed in a separate rulemaking action. EPA's approvals here involve 
several additional related actions. EPA has determined that the entire 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area has attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 
standard. EPA is approving, as revisions to the Ohio and Indiana State 
Implementation Plans (SIPs), the states' plans for maintaining the 1997 
annual PM2.5 NAAQS through 2021 in the area. EPA is 
approving the 2005 emissions inventories for the Ohio and Indiana 
portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area as meeting the comprehensive 
emissions inventory requirement of the CAA. Finally, EPA finds adequate 
and is approving Ohio and Indiana's Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) 
and PM2.5 Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for 2015 
and 2021 for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area.

DATES: This direct final rule will be effective December 19, 2011, 
unless EPA receives adverse comments by November 18, 2011.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-
OAR-2011-0106 (Indiana) or EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0017 (Ohio) by one of the 
following methods:
     http://www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line 
instructions for submitting comments.
     E-mail: Aburano.Douglas@epa.gov.
     Fax: (312) 408-2279.
     Mail: Doug Aburano, Chief, Control Strategies Section, Air 
Programs Branch (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 West 
Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604.
     Hand Delivery: Doug Aburano, Control Strategies Section, 
Air Programs Branch, (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 
West Jackson Boulevard, 18th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60604. Such 
deliveries are only accepted during the Regional Office's normal hours 
of operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of 
boxed information. The Regional Office official hours of business are 
Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., excluding Federal 
holidays.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-
2011-0106, EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0017. EPA's policy is that all comments 
received will be included in the public docket without change and may 
be made available online at http://www.regulations.gov, including any 
personal information provided, unless the comment includes information 
claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit 
information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through 
http://www.regulations.gov or email. The http://www.regulations.gov Web 
site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know 
your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body 
of your comment. If you send an email comment directly to EPA without 
going through http://www.regulations.gov, your e-mail address will be 
automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is 
placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you 
submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name 
and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any 
disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to 
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA 
may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid 
the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of 
any defects and viruses. For additional instructions on submitting 
comments, go to section I of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of 
this document.
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. 
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically 
in http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West 
Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. This facility is open from 
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding Federal 
holidays. We recommend that you telephone Carolyn Persoon at (312) 353-
8290 before visiting the Region 5 office.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carolyn Persoon, Environmental 
Engineer, Control Strategies Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353-8290, persoon.carolyn@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,'' 
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA. This supplementary information 
section is arranged as follows:

I. What actions is EPA taking?
II. What is the background for these actions?
III. What are the criteria for redesignation to attainment?
IV. What is EPA's analysis of the States' requests?
    A. Attainment Determination and Redesignation
    B. Adequacy of Ohio and Indiana's MVEBs
    C. 2005 Comprehensive Emissions Inventory
V. Summary of Actions
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. What actions is EPA taking?

    EPA has previously determined that the entire Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area is attaining the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard and that 
the Ohio and Indiana portions of the area have met the requirements for 
redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA through a final 
determination made on September 29, 2011. EPA is thus approving the 
requests from the states of Ohio and Indiana to change the legal 
designation of their portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area from 
nonattainment to attainment for the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 
This action does not address the Kentucky portion of the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area. EPA is also taking several additional actions related to 
Ohio and Indiana's PM2.5 redesignation requests, as 
discussed below.
    EPA is approving Indiana's and Ohio's PM2.5 maintenance 
plans for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area as revisions to the Ohio and 
Indiana SIP (such approval being one of the CAA criteria for 
redesignation to attainment status). The maintenance plans are designed 
to keep the Cincinnati-Hamilton area in attainment of the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 NAAQS through 2021.
    EPA is approving 2005 emissions inventories for primary 
PM2.5,\1\ NOX, and sulfur dioxide 
(SO2),\2\ documented in Ohio and Indiana's PM2.5 
redesignation request supplemental submittal. These emissions 
inventories satisfy the requirement in section 172(c)(3) of the CAA for 
a comprehensive, current emission inventory.
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    \1\ Fine particulates directly emitted by sources and not formed 
in a secondary manner through chemical reactions or other processes 
in the atmosphere.
    \2\ NOX and SO2 are precursors for fine 
particulates through chemical reactions and other related processes 
in the atmosphere.
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    Finally, EPA finds adequate and is approving Ohio's and Indiana's 
2015

[[Page 64827]]

and 2021 primary PM2.5 and NOX MVEBs for the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area. These MVEBs will be used in future 
transportation conformity analyses for the area. Further discussion of 
the basis for these actions is provided below.

II. What is the background for these actions?

    The first air quality standards for PM2.5 were 
promulgated on July 18, 1997, at 62 FR 38652. EPA promulgated an annual 
standard at a level of 15 micrograms per cubic meter ([micro]g/m\3\) of 
ambient air, based on a three-year average of the annual mean 
PM2.5 concentrations at each monitoring site. In the same 
rulemaking, EPA promulgated a 24-hour PM2.5 standard at 65 
[micro]g/m\3\, based on a three-year average of the annual 98th 
percentile of 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations at each 
monitoring site.
    On January 5, 2005, at 70 FR 944, EPA published air quality area 
designations for the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard based on air 
quality data for calendar years 2001-2003. In that rulemaking, EPA 
designated the Cincinnati-Hamilton, area as nonattainment (for Ohio: 
Butler, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; for IN: a 
portion of Dearborn County, and for Kentucky: Boone, Campbell, and 
Kenton Counties) for the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard.
    On October 17, 2006, at 71 FR 61144, EPA retained the annual 
PM2.5 standard at 15 [micro]g/m\3\ (2006 annual 
PM2.5 standard), but revised the 24-hour standard to 35 
[micro]g/m\3\, based again on the three-year average of the annual 98th 
percentile of the 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations. In response 
to legal challenges to the 2006 annual PM2.5 standard, the 
U.S. Court of Appeals for District of Columbia Circuit (DC Circuit) 
remanded this standard to EPA for further consideration. See American 
Farm Bureau Federation and National Pork Producers Council, et al. v. 
EPA, 559 F.3d 512 (DC Cir. 2009). However, given that the 1997 and 2006 
annual PM2.5 standards are essentially identical, attainment 
of the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard would also indicate 
attainment of the remanded 2006 annual standard. Since the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area is designated as nonattainment for the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 standard, today's proposed action addresses 
redesignation to attainment only for this standard.
    Fine particulate pollution can be emitted directly from a source 
(primary PM2.5) or formed secondarily through chemical 
reactions in the atmosphere involving precursor pollutants emitted from 
a variety of sources. Sulfates are a type of secondary particulate 
formed from SO2 emissions from power plants and industrial 
facilities. Nitrates, another common type of secondary particulate, are 
formed from combustion emissions of NOX from power plants, 
mobile sources, and other combustion sources.

III. What are the criteria for redesignation to attainment?

    The CAA sets forth the requirements for redesignating a 
nonattainment area to attainment. Specifically, section 107(d)(3)(E) of 
the CAA allows redesignation provided that: (1) The Administrator 
determines that the area has attained the applicable NAAQS; (2) the 
Administrator has fully approved the applicable SIP for the area under 
section 110(k) of the CAA; (3) the Administrator determines that the 
improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable 
reductions in emissions resulting from the implementation of the 
applicable SIP, Federal emission control regulations, and other 
permanent and enforceable emission reductions; (4) the Administrator 
has fully approved a maintenance plan for the area meeting the 
requirements of section 175A of the CAA; and, (5) the state containing 
the area has met all requirements applicable to the area for purposes 
of redesignation under section 110 and part D of the CAA.

IV. What is EPA's analysis of the States' requests?

A. Attainment Determination and Redesignation

    EPA has determined that the entire Cincinnati-Hamilton area has 
attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard and that the Ohio 
and Indiana portions of the area have met all other applicable 
redesignation criteria under CAA section 107(d)(3)(E). The basis for 
EPA's approvals of the redesignation requests is as follows:
1. The Area Has Attained the 1997 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS 
(Section 107(d)(3)(E)(i))
    On June 3, 2011, EPA proposed to determine that the entire 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area has attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 
NAAQS (76 FR 32110). No adverse comments were received and EPA's Region 
4 and Region 5 Regional Administrators signed the final determination 
of attainment for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area on August 18, 2011 and 
September 12, 2011, respectively and published in the Federal Register 
on September 29, 2011. Relevant discussion of the monitored 
concentrations and sites can be found in the notices for the proposed 
and final determinations that are referenced above. EPA's September 29, 
2011 final determination that the Cincinnati-Hamilton area has attained 
the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard fulfills the requirement set 
forth in CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(i).
2. The Area Has Met All Applicable Requirements Under Section 110 and 
Part D; and the Area Has a Fully Approved SIP Under Section 110(k) 
(Sections 107(d)(3)(E)(v) and 107(d)(3)(E)(ii))
    We have determined that Ohio and Indiana have met all currently 
applicable SIP requirements for purposes of redesignation of the Ohio 
and Indiana portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area under section 110 
of the CAA (general SIP requirements). We are also finding that the 
Ohio and Indiana SIPs meet all SIP requirements currently applicable 
for purposes of redesignation under part D of title I of the CAA, in 
accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(v). In addition, with the 
exception of the emissions inventory under section 172(c)(3), we have 
approved all applicable requirements of the Ohio and Indiana SIPs for 
purposes of redesignation, in accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(ii). 
As discussed below, in this action EPA is approving Ohio and Indiana's 
2005 emissions inventories as meeting the section 172(c)(3) 
comprehensive emissions inventory requirement.
    In making these determinations, we have ascertained which SIP 
requirements are applicable for purposes of redesignation, and have 
determined that there are SIP measures meeting those requirements and 
that they are fully approved under section 110(k) of the CAA.
a. Ohio and Indiana Have Met All Applicable Requirements for Purposes 
of Redesignation of Their Portions of the Area Under Section 110 and 
Part D of the CAA
i. Section 110 General SIP Requirements
    Section 110(a) of title I of the CAA contains the general 
requirements for a SIP. Section 110(a)(2) provides that the 
implementation plan submitted by a state must have been adopted by the 
state after reasonable public notice and hearing, and, among other 
things, must: include enforceable emission limitations and other 
control measures, means or techniques necessary to meet the 
requirements of the CAA; provide for establishment and operation of 
appropriate devices, methods, systems, and procedures necessary to 
monitor

[[Page 64828]]

ambient air quality; provide for implementation of a source permit 
program to regulate the modification and construction of any stationary 
source within the areas covered by the plan; include provisions for the 
implementation of part C, Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 
and part D, New Source Review (NSR) permit programs; include criteria 
for stationary source emission control measures, monitoring, and 
reporting; include provisions for air quality modeling; and provide for 
public and local agency participation in planning and emission control 
rule development.
    Section 110(a)(2)(D) of the CAA requires that SIPs contain measures 
to prevent sources in a state from significantly contributing to air 
quality problems in another state. EPA believes that the requirements 
linked with a particular nonattainment area's designation are the 
relevant measures to evaluate in reviewing a redesignation request. The 
transport SIP submittal requirements, where applicable, continue to 
apply to a state regardless of the designation of any one particular 
area in the state. Thus, we believe that these requirements should not 
be construed to be applicable requirements for purposes of 
redesignation.
    Further, we believe that the other section 110 elements described 
above that are not connected with nonattainment plan submissions and 
not linked with an area's attainment status are also not applicable 
requirements for purposes of redesignation. A state remains subject to 
these requirements after an area is redesignated to attainment. We 
conclude that only the section 110 and part D requirements that are 
linked with a particular area's designation are the relevant measures 
which we may consider in evaluating a redesignation request. This 
approach is consistent with EPA's existing policy on applicability of 
conformity and oxygenated fuels requirements for redesignation 
purposes, as well as with section 184 ozone transport requirements. See 
Reading, Pennsylvania, proposed and final rulemakings (61 FR 53174-
53176, October 10, 1996, and 62 FR 24826, May 7, 1997); Cleveland-
Akron-Lorain, Ohio, final rulemaking (61 FR 20458, May 7, 1996); and 
Tampa, Florida, final rulemaking (60 FR 62748, December 7, 1995). See 
also the discussion on this issue in the Cincinnati, Ohio 1-hour ozone 
redesignation (65 FR 37890, June 19, 2000), and in the Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania 1-hour ozone redesignation (66 FR 50399, October 19, 
2001).
    We have reviewed Ohio and Indiana's SIPs and have concluded that 
they meet the general SIP requirements under section 110 of the CAA to 
the extent they are applicable for purposes of redesignation. EPA has 
previously approved provisions of Ohio and Indiana's SIPs addressing 
section 110 requirements (including provisions addressing particulate 
matter, at 40 CFR 52.770 and 40 CFR 52.1870, respectively).
    On December 7, 2007, September 9, 2008, March 23, 2011, and April 
7, 2011, Indiana made submittals addressing ``infrastructure SIP'' 
elements required by section 110(a)(2) of the CAA. EPA approved 
elements of Indiana's submittals on July 13, 2011, at 76 FR 41075.
    On December 5, 2007, and September 4, 2009, Ohio made submittals 
addressing ``infrastructure SIP'' elements required under CAA section 
110(a)(2). EPA proposed approval of the December 5, 2007, submittal on 
April 28, 2011, at 76 FR 23757 and published final approval on July 13, 
2011, at 76 FR 41075. EPA disapproved the element of the September 4, 
2009, submittal that addresses section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) on July 20, 
2011, at 76 FR 43175, but has not taken rulemaking action on the 
remainder of the submittal.
    The remaining parts of the infrastructure SIPs required by section 
110(a)(2) are not relevant to this redesignation, and are statewide 
requirements that are not linked to the PM2.5 nonattainment 
status of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area. Therefore, EPA believes that 
these SIP elements are not applicable requirements for purposes of 
review of the state's PM2.5 redesignation request.
ii. Part D Requirements
    EPA has determined that, upon approval of the base year emissions 
inventories discussed in section IV.C. of this rulemaking, the Ohio and 
Indiana SIPs will meet the SIP requirements for the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area applicable for purposes of redesignation under part D of the CAA. 
Subpart 1 of part D, found in sections 172-176 of the CAA, sets forth 
the basic nonattainment requirements applicable to all nonattainment 
areas.
    Subpart 1--Section 172 Requirements.
    For purposes of evaluating these redesignation requests, the 
applicable section 172 SIP requirements for the Ohio and Indiana 
portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area are contained in sections 
172(c)(1)-(9). A thorough discussion of the requirements contained in 
section 172 can be found in the General Preamble for Implementation of 
Title I (57 FR 13498, April 16, 1992).
    Section 172(c)(1) requires the plans for all nonattainment areas to 
provide for the implementation of all Reasonably Available Control 
Measures (RACM) as expeditiously as practicable and to provide for 
attainment of the primary NAAQS. EPA interprets this requirement to 
impose a duty on all nonattainment areas to consider all available 
control measures and to adopt and implement such measures as are 
reasonably available for implementation in each area as components of 
the area's attainment demonstration. Because attainment has been 
reached, no additional measures are needed to provide for attainment, 
and section 172(c)(1) requirements are no longer considered to be 
applicable as long as the area continues to attain the standard until 
redesignation. (40 CFR 51.1004(c)).
    The Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) requirement under section 
172(c)(2) is defined as progress that must be made toward attainment. 
This requirement is not relevant for purposes of redesignation because 
the Cincinnati-Hamilton area has monitored attainment of the 1997 
annual PM2.5 NAAQS. (General Preamble, 57 FR 13564). See 
also 40 CFR 51.918. In addition, because the Cincinnati-Hamilton area 
has attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS and is no longer 
subject to an RFP requirement, the requirement to submit the section 
172(c)(9) contingency measures is not applicable for purposes of 
redesignation. Id.
    Section 172(c)(3) requires submission and approval of a 
comprehensive, accurate and current inventory of actual emissions. Ohio 
and Indiana submitted 2005 base year emissions inventories along with 
their redesignation requests. As discussed below in section IV.C., EPA 
is approving the 2005 base year inventories as meeting the section 
172(c)(3) emissions inventory requirement for the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area.
    Section 172(c)(4) requires the identification and quantification of 
allowable emissions for major new and modified stationary sources in an 
area, and section 172(c)(5) requires source permits for the 
construction and operation of new and modified major stationary sources 
anywhere in the nonattainment area. EPA approved Ohio's current NSR 
program on January 10, 2003 (68 FR 1366). EPA approved Indiana's 
current NSR program on October 7, 1994 (59 FR 51108). Nonetheless, 
since PSD requirements will apply after redesignation, the area need 
not have a fully-approved NSR

[[Page 64829]]

program for purposes of redesignation, provided that the area 
demonstrates maintenance of the NAAQS without part D NSR. A detailed 
rationale for this view is described in a memorandum from Mary Nichols, 
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, dated October 14, 1994, 
entitled, ``Part D New Source Review Requirements for Areas Requesting 
Redesignation to Attainment.'' Indiana has demonstrated that the 
Indianapolis area will be able to maintain the standard without part D 
NSR in effect; therefore, the state need not have a fully approved part 
D NSR program prior to approval of the redesignation request. The 
state's PSD program will become effective in the Indianapolis area upon 
redesignation to attainment. See rulemakings for Detroit, Michigan (60 
FR 12467-12468, March 7, 1995); Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, Ohio (61 FR 
20458, 20469-20470, May 7, 1996); Louisville, Kentucky (66 FR 53665, 
October 23, 2001); and Grand Rapids, Michigan (61 FR 31834-31837, June 
21, 1996).
    Section 172(c)(6) requires the SIP to contain control measures 
necessary to provide for attainment of the standard. Because attainment 
has been reached, no additional measures are needed to provide for 
attainment.
    Section 172(c)(7) requires the SIP to meet the applicable 
provisions of section 110(a)(2). As noted above, we believe the Ohio 
and Indiana SIPs meet the requirements of section 110(a)(2) applicable 
for purposes of redesignation.
    Subpart 1--Section 176(c)(4)(D) Conformity SIP Requirements.
    The requirement to determine conformity applies to transportation 
plans, programs and projects developed, funded or approved under title 
23 of the U.S. Code and the Federal Transit Act (transportation 
conformity) as well as to all other Federally-supported or funded 
projects (general conformity).
    Section 176(c) of the CAA was amended by provisions contained in 
the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A 
Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), which was signed into law on August 10, 
2005 (Public Law 109-59). Among the changes Congress made to this 
section of the CAA were streamlined requirements for state 
transportation conformity SIPs. State transportation conformity 
regulations must be consistent with Federal conformity regulations and 
address three specific requirements related to consultation, 
enforcement, and enforceability.
    EPA believes that it is reasonable to interpret the transportation 
conformity SIP requirements as not applying for purposes of evaluating 
the redesignation request under section 107(d) for two reasons. First, 
the requirement to submit SIP revisions to comply with the 
transportation conformity provisions of the CAA continues to apply to 
areas after redesignation to attainment since such areas would be 
subject to a section 175A maintenance plan. Second, EPA's Federal 
conformity rules require the performance of conformity analyses in the 
absence of Federally-approved state rules. Therefore, because areas are 
subject to the transportation conformity requirements regardless of 
whether they are redesignated to attainment and, because they must 
implement conformity under Federal rules if state rules are not yet 
approved, EPA believes it is reasonable to view these requirements as 
not applying for purposes of evaluating a redesignation request. See 
Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), upholding this 
interpretation. See also 60 FR 62748, 62749-62750 (Dec. 7, 1995) 
(Tampa, Florida).
    Ohio and Indiana both have approved transportation conformity SIPs 
(72 FR 20945 (Ohio) and 75 FR 50708 (Indiana)). Ohio and Indiana are in 
the process of updating their approved transportation conformity SIPs, 
and EPA will review these when they are submitted.
b. The Cincinnati-Hamilton Area Has a Fully Approved Applicable SIP 
Under Section 110(k) of the CAA
    Upon final approval of Ohio and Indiana's comprehensive 2005 
emissions inventories, EPA will have fully approved the Ohio and 
Indiana SIP for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area under section 110(k) of 
the CAA for all requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation. 
EPA may rely on prior SIP approvals in approving a redesignation 
request (See page 3 of the September 4, 1992, memorandum from John 
Calcagni, entitled ``Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate 
Areas to Attainment,''; Southwestern Pennsylvania Growth Alliance v. 
Browner, 144 F.3d 984, 989-990 (6th Cir. 1998); Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 
426 (6th Cir. 2001)) plus any additional measures it may approve in 
conjunction with a redesignation action. See 68 FR 25413, 25426 (May 
12, 2003). Since the passage of the CAA of 1970, Ohio and Indiana have 
adopted and submitted, and EPA has fully approved, provisions 
addressing various required SIP elements under particulate matter 
standards. In this action, EPA is approving Ohio and Indiana's 2005 
base year emissions inventory for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area as 
meeting the requirement of section 172(c)(3) of the CAA.
3. The Improvement in Air Quality Is Due to Permanent and Enforceable 
Reductions in Emissions Resulting From Implementation of the SIPs and 
Applicable Federal Air Pollution Control Regulations and Other 
Permanent and Enforceable Reductions (Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iii))
    EPA finds that Ohio and Indiana have demonstrated that the observed 
air quality improvement in the Cincinnati-Hamilton area is due to 
permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions resulting from 
implementation of the SIPs, Federal measures, and other state-adopted 
measures.
    In making this demonstration, Ohio and Indiana have calculated the 
change in emissions between 2005, one of the years used to designate 
the Cincinnati-Hamilton area as nonattainment, and 2008, one of the 
years the Cincinnati-Hamilton area monitored attainment. The reduction 
in emissions and the corresponding improvement in air quality over this 
time period can be attributed to a number of regulatory control 
measures that the Cincinnati-Hamilton area and upwind areas have 
implemented in recent years.
a. Permanent and Enforceable Controls Implemented
    The following is a discussion of permanent and enforceable measures 
that have been implemented in the areas:
i. Federal Emission Control Measures
    Reductions in fine particle precursor emissions have occurred 
statewide and in upwind areas as a result of Federal emission control 
measures, with additional emission reductions expected to occur in the 
future. Federal emission control measures include the following.
    Tier 2 Emission Standards for Vehicles and Gasoline Sulfur 
Standards. These emission control and fuel requirements result in lower 
NOX emissions from new cars and light duty trucks, including 
sport utility vehicles. The Federal rules were phased in between 2004 
and 2009. The EPA has estimated that, by the end of the phase-in 
period, NOX emissions will be reduced by 77 percent from new 
passenger cars (light-duty vehicles), 86 percent from new light duty 
trucks, minivans, and sports utility vehicles and, 69 to 95 percent 
from new larger sports utility vehicles, vans, and heavier trucks. EPA 
expects fleet wide average NOX emissions to decline as new 
vehicles replace older vehicles each year. The Tier 2 standards 
included the

[[Page 64830]]

requirement to reduce the sulfur content of gasoline to 30 parts per 
million (ppm) by January 2006 primarily to improve the durability and 
effectiveness of vehicle emission control technology so that new 
vehicles could comply with these more stringent NOX 
emissions standards.
    The 2007 Heavy-Duty Highway Rule. EPA issued this rule in December 
2000. This rule took effect in 2007. It reduced fine particle and 
NOX emissions from heavy-duty highway engines and included 
requirements to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel used by 
highway vehicles to 15 ppm beginning in mid-2006 in order to avoid 
damage to the advanced PM and NOX controls that are 
necessary to comply with stringent emissions standards. The total 
program is estimated to achieve a 90 percent reduction in direct 
PM2.5 emissions and a 95 percent reduction in NOX 
emissions for these new engines using low sulfur diesel, compared to 
existing engines using higher sulfur content diesel.
    Nonroad Diesel Rule. In May 2004 EPA promulgated a new rule for 
large nonroad diesel engines, such as those used construction, 
agriculture, and mining equipment, to be phased in between 2008 and 
2014. The rule establishes stringent emissions standards for 
NOX and PM for these types of equipment and establishes 
limits for the sulfur content of the diesel fuel that they use. The 
requirement to reduce sulfur levels in the nonroad diesel fuel by as 
much 99 percent allows advanced emission-control systems to be used for 
the first time on the engines used in these types of equipment. The 
combined engine and fuel rules will reduce NOX and PM 
emissions from large nonroad diesel engines by over 90 percent, 
compared to current nonroad engines using higher sulfur content diesel. 
This rule achieved some emission reductions by 2008 and was fully 
implemented by 2010.
Control Measures in Upwind Areas
    Given the significance of sulfates and nitrates in the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area, the area's air quality is strongly affected by 
regulation of SO2 and NOX emissions from power 
plants.
    NOX SIP Call. On October 27, 1998 (63 FR 57356), EPA 
issued a NOX SIP Call requiring the District of Columbia and 
22 states to reduce emissions of NOX. Affected states were 
required to comply with Phase I of the SIP Call beginning in 2004, and 
Phase II beginning in 2007. Emission reductions resulting from 
regulations developed in response to the NOX SIP Call are 
permanent and enforceable.
    Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). EPA proposed CAIR on January 30, 
2004, at 69 FR 4566, promulgated CAIR on May 12, 2005, at 70 FR 25162, 
and promulgated associated Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) on April 
28, 2006, at 71 FR 25328, in order to reduce SO2 and 
NOX emissions and improve air quality in many areas across 
the Eastern United States. However, on July 11, 2008, the United States 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (DC Circuit or 
Court) issued its decision to vacate and remand both CAIR and the 
associated CAIR FIPs in their entirety (North Carolina v. EPA, 531 F.3d 
836 (DC Cir. 2008)). EPA petitioned for a rehearing, and the Court 
issued an order remanding CAIR and the CAIR FIPs to EPA without vacatur 
(North Carolina v. EPA, 550 F.3d 1176 (DC Cir. 2008)). The Court, 
thereby, left CAIR in place in order to ``temporarily preserve the 
environmental values covered by CAIR'' until EPA replaced it with a 
rule consistent with the Court's opinion (id. at 1178). The Court 
directed EPA to ``remedy CAIR's flaws'' consistent with the July 11, 
2008, opinion, but declined to impose a schedule on EPA for completing 
this action (id).
    On August 8, 2011, at 76 FR 48208, EPA promulgated the Cross-State 
Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) to address interstate transport of emissions 
and resulting secondary air pollutants and to replace CAIR. CAIR, among 
other things, required NOX and SO2 emission 
reductions that contributed to the air quality improvement in the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton nonattainment area. CAIR emission reduction 
requirements limit emissions through 2011; CSAPR requires similar or 
greater emission reductions in the relevant areas in 2012 and beyond. 
CSAPR requires substantial reductions of SO2 and 
NOX emissions from Electric Generating Units (EGUs or power 
plants) across most of Eastern United States, with implementation 
beginning on January 1, 2012. In particular, this rule requires 
reduction of these emissions to levels well below the levels that led 
to attainment of the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard in the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton nonattainment area. Because the emission reduction 
requirements of CAIR are enforceable through the 2011 control period, 
and because CSAPR has now been promulgated to address the requirements 
previously addressed by CAIR and gets similar or greater reductions in 
the relevant areas in 2012 and beyond, EPA has determined that the EGU 
emission reductions that helped lead to attainment in the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area can now be considered permanent and enforceable and that 
the requirement of CAA section 107(d)(3)(E)(iii) has now been met.
b. Emission Reductions
    Ohio and Indiana developed emissions inventories for 
NOX, direct PM2.5, and SO2 for 2005, 
one of the years used to designate the areas as nonattainment, and 
2008, one of the years the Cincinnati-Hamilton area monitored 
attainment of the standard.
    EGU SO2 and NOX emissions were derived from 
EPA's Clean Air Market's acid rain database. These emissions reflect 
Ohio and Indiana's NOX emission budgets resulting from EPA's 
NOX SIP call. The 2008 emissions from EGUs reflect Ohio and 
Indiana's emission caps under CAIR. All other point source emissions 
were obtained from Ohio and Indiana's source facility emissions 
reporting.
    Area source emissions for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area for 2005 
were taken from Ohio and Indiana's 2005 periodic emissions 
inventories.\3\ These 2005 area source emission estimates were 
extrapolated to 2008. Source growth factors were supplied by the Lake 
Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Periodic emission inventories are derived by States every 
three years and reported to the EPA. These periodic emission 
inventories are required by the Federal Consolidated Emissions 
Reporting Rule, codified at 40 CFR Subpart A. EPA revised these and 
other emission reporting requirements in a final rule published on 
December 17, 2008, at 73 FR 76539.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Nonroad mobile source emissions were extrapolated from nonroad 
mobile source emissions reported in EPA's 2005 National Emissions 
Inventory (NEI). Contractors were employed by LADCO to estimate 
emissions for commercial marine vessels and railroads.
    On-road mobile source emissions were calculated using EPA's mobile 
source emission factor model, MOVES2010a, in conjunction with 
transportation model results developed by the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana 
Regional Council of Governments (OKI).
    All emissions estimates discussed below were documented in the 
submittals and Appendices of Ohio and Indiana's redesignation request 
submittal from January 25, 2011, and December 9, 2010, respectively. 
For these data and additional emissions inventory data, the reader is 
referred to EPA's digital docket for this rule, http://www.regulations.gov, for docket numbers EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0106 (Indiana) 
or EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0017 (Ohio), which include digital copies of Ohio 
and Indiana's submittals.

[[Page 64831]]

    Emissions data for the entire Cincinnati-Hamilton area (OH-IN-KY) 
are shown in Tables 1 through 4 below.

Table 1--Comparison of 2005 and 2008 NOX Emission Totals by Source Sector (tpy) for the Cincinnati-Hamilton Area
                                                   (OH-IN-KY)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     NOX
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
                          Sector                                                                Net change  2005-
                                                                  2005              2008              2008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point (Non-EGU)...........................................         10,371.70          9,790.50           -581.20
EGU.......................................................         55,930.44         46,853.89         -9,076.55
Area......................................................          7,810.74          7,966.67            155.93
Nonroad...................................................         12,480.57         10,561.92         -1,918.65
On-road...................................................         71,919.89         64,471.22         -7,448.67
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
    Total.................................................        158,513.34        139,644.20        -18,869.14
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Table 2--Comparison of 2005 and 2008 Direct PM2.5 Emission Totals by Source Sector (tpy) for the Cincinnati-
                                            Hamilton Area (OH-IN-KY)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Direct PM2.5
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
                          Sector                                                                Net change  2005-
                                                                  2005              2008              2008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point (Non-EGU)...........................................          1,352.79          1,458.52            105.73
EGU.......................................................          2,062.91          1,633.15           -429.76
Area......................................................          1,828.55          1,864.80             36.25
Nonroad...................................................          4,469.27          3,807.04           -662.23
On-road...................................................          2,810.30          2,679.85           -130.45
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
    Total.................................................         12,523.79         11,443.36          -1080.46
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 3--Comparison of 2005 and 2008 SO2 Emission Totals by Source Sector (tpy) for the Cincinnati-Hamilton Area
                                                   (OH-IN-KY)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     SO2
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
                          Sector                                                                Net change  2005-
                                                                  2005              2008              2008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point (Non-EGU)...........................................         15,532.09         13,483.92         -2,048.17
EGU.......................................................        218,395.56         98,334.17       -150,061.39
Area......................................................           3494.39           3520.77             26.38
Nonroad...................................................          1,057.16            416.87           -640.29
On-road...................................................            392.00            277.59           -114.41
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
    Total.................................................        238,871.20        116,033.32       -152,837.88
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 1 shows that the entire Cincinnati-Hamilton area reduced 
NOX emissions by 18,869.14 tpy between 2005 and 2008. Table 
2 shows that the Cincinnati-Hamilton area reduced direct 
PM2.5 emissions by 1,080.46 tpy between 2005 and 2008. Table 
3 shows that the Cincinnati-Hamilton area reduced SO2 
emissions by 152,837.88 tpy between 2005 and 2008.
    Because PM2.5 concentrations in the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area are significantly impacted by the transport of sulfates and 
nitrates, the area's air quality is strongly affected by regulation of 
SO2 and NOX emissions from power plants. Table 4, 
below, presents statewide EGU emissions data compiled by EPA's Clean 
Air Markets Division for the years 2002 and 2008. Emissions for 2008 
reflect implementation of CAIR.

            Table 4--Comparison of 2002 and 2008 Statewide EGU NOX and SO2 Emissions (tpy) for States Impacting the Cincinnati-Hamilton Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                NOX                                             SO2
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          State                                                             Net change                                      Net change
                                                               2002            2008          2002-2008         2002            2008          2002-2008
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama.................................................         161,559         112,625         -48,934         448,248         357,546         -90,702
Illinois................................................         174,247         119,930         -54,317         353,699         257,357         -96,342
Indiana.................................................         281,146         190,092         -91,054         778,868         565,459        -213,409

[[Page 64832]]

 
Kentucky................................................         198,599         157,903         -40,696         482,653         344,356        -138,297
Michigan................................................         132,623         107,624         -25,000         342,999         326,501         -16,498
Missouri................................................         139,799          88,742         -51,057         235,532         258,269          22,737
Ohio....................................................         370,497         235,049        -135,448       1,132,069         709,444        -422,625
Pennsylvania............................................         200,909         183,658         -17,251         889,766         831,915         -57,851
Tennessee...............................................         155,996          85,641         -70,356         336,995         208,069        -128,926
West Virginia...........................................         225,371          99,484        -125,887         507,110         301,574        -205,536
Wisconsin...............................................          88,970          47,794         -41,175         191,257         129,694         -61,563
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...............................................       2,129,716       1,428,541        -701,175       5,699,195       4,290,184      -1,409,011
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 4 shows that states impacting the Cincinnati-Hamilton area 
reduced NOX and SO2 emissions from EGUs by 
701,175 tons per year (tpy) and 1,409,011 tpy, respectively, between 
2002 and 2008.
    Based on the information summarized above, Ohio and Indiana have 
adequately demonstrated that the improvement in air quality is due to 
permanent and enforceable emissions reductions.
4. Ohio and Indiana Have Fully Approved Maintenance Plans Pursuant to 
Section 175A of the CAA (Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iv))
    In conjunction with Ohio and Indiana's requests to redesignate the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton nonattainment area to attainment status, Ohio and 
Indiana have submitted SIP revisions to provide for maintenance of the 
1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS in the area through 2021.
a. What is required in a maintenance plan?
    Section 175A of the CAA sets forth the required elements of a 
maintenance plan for areas seeking redesignation from nonattainment to 
attainment. Under section 175A, the plan must demonstrate continued 
attainment of the applicable NAAQS for at least ten years after EPA 
approves a redesignation to attainment. Eight years after 
redesignation, the state must submit a revised maintenance plan which 
demonstrates that attainment will continue to be maintained for ten 
years following the initial ten-year maintenance period. To address the 
possibility of future NAAQS violations, the maintenance plan must 
contain contingency measures with a schedule for implementation as EPA 
deems necessary to assure prompt correction of any future annual 
PM2.5 violations.
    The September 4, 1992, John Calcagni memorandum provides additional 
guidance on the content of a maintenance plan. The memorandum states 
that a maintenance plan should address the following items: The 
attainment emissions inventories, a maintenance demonstration showing 
maintenance for the ten years of the maintenance period, a commitment 
to maintain the existing monitoring network, factors and procedures to 
be used for verification of continued attainment of the NAAQS, and a 
contingency plan to prevent or correct future violations of the NAAQS.
b. Attainment Inventory
    The states developed emissions inventories for NOX, 
direct PM2.5, and SO2 for 2008, one of the years 
used to demonstrate monitored attainment of the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 standard, as described in section IV.A.3.b., above. 
The attainment level of emissions is summarized in Tables 1 through 4, 
above.
c. Demonstration of Maintenance
    Along with the redesignation request, the two states submitted 
revisions to their PM2.5 SIPs to include maintenance plans 
for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area, as required by section 175A of the 
CAA. These demonstrations show maintenance of the annual 
PM2.5 standard through 2021 by showing that current and 
future emissions of NOX, directly emitted PM2.5 
and SO2 for the area remain at or below attainment year 
emission levels. A maintenance demonstration need not be based on 
modeling. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), Sierra Club v. 
EPA, 375 F. 3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 66 FR 53094, 53099-53100 
(October 19, 2001), 68 FR 25413, 25430-25432 (May 12, 2003).
    Ohio and Indiana are using emissions inventory projections for the 
years 2015, and 2021 to demonstrate maintenance. The projected 
emissions were estimated by Ohio and Indiana, with assistance from 
LADCO, and the local Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), OKI 
using the MOVES2010a model. Emissions data are shown in Table 5, below.

Table 5--Comparison of 2008, 2015, and 2021 NOX, Direct PM2.5, and SO2 Emission Totals (tpy) for the Cincinnati-
                                                  Hamilton Area
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                   Net change
                                                2008              2015              2021           (2008-2021)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PM2.5...................................          8,904.64          8,634.55          8,202.63           -702.01
NOX.....................................        148,706.15        105,712.02         78,819.13        -69,887.02
SO2.....................................        117,016.14        112,250.26         88,510.27        -28,505.87
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 5 shows that the NOX emissions in the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area are 69.887.02 tpy less in 2021, the outermost year of the 
maintenance plan, than in attainment year 2008. Direct PM2.5 
emissions are 702.01 tpy lower in

[[Page 64833]]

2021 than in 2008, and SO2 emissions are 28,505.87 tpy lower 
in 2021 than in 2008.
    Because the PM2.5 concentrations in the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area are significantly impacted by the transport of sulfates 
and nitrates, the area's air quality is strongly affected by regulation 
of SO2 and NOX emissions from power plants. Table 
6, below, presents statewide EGU emissions data compiled for 2008 and 
2014 and beyond. Emissions for 2008 reflect implementation of CAIR and 
an attainment year, while 2014 emissions reflect budgets established in 
the CSAPR.

       Table 6--Comparison of 2008 and 2014 and Beyond Statewide EGU NOX and SO2 Emissions (tpy) for States Impacting the Cincinnati-Hamilton Area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  NOX                                             SO2
                                           -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   State                                       2014 and       Net change                       2014 and       Net change
                                                 2008           beyond         2008-2014         2008           beyond         2008-2014
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama...................................         112,625          69,192         -43,433         357,547         173,566        -183,981
Illinois..................................         119,930          49,162         -70,767         257,357         132,647        -124,710
Indiana...................................         190,092         110,740         -79,352         565,459         195,046        -370,413
Kentucky..................................         157,903          76,088         -81,815         344,356         116,927        -227,429
Michigan..................................         107,624          60,907         -46,717         326,501         162,632        -163,869
Missouri..................................          88,742          52,103         -36,639         258,269         186,899         -71,370
Ohio......................................         235,049          89,753        -145,296         709,444         178,975        -530,469
Pennsylvania..............................         183,658         118,981         -64,676         831,915         125,545        -706,370
Tennessee.................................          85,641          20,512         -65,129         208,069          64,721        -143,348
West Virginia.............................          99,484          53,975         -45,509         301,574          84,344        -217,230
Wisconsin.................................          47,794          33,537         -14,257         129,694          50,137         -79,557
                                           -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.................................       1,428,541         734,951        -693,590       4,290,185       1,471,439      -2,818,746
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 6 shows that NOX emissions from EGUs are projected 
to decrease by 693,590 tpy from 2008 to 2014 and beyond in states 
impacting the Cincinnati-Hamilton area. Over that same time period, 
SO2 emissions from EGUs are projected to decrease by 
2,818,746 in states impacting the Cincinnati-Hamilton area.
    Based on the information summarized above, Ohio and Indiana have 
adequately demonstrated maintenance of the PM2.5 standard in 
this area for a period extending in excess of ten years from the date 
that EPA is completing rulemaking on the state's redesignation request.
d. Monitoring Network
    Ohio currently operates nine monitors for purposes of determining 
attainment with the annual PM2.5 standard in the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area. Kentucky currently operates one monitor for the area. 
Currently, Indiana operates no monitors for the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area since the state makes up only a small portion of the non-
attainment area, and EPA has determined that the monitors maintained by 
both Ohio and Kentucky constitute an adequate monitoring network. Ohio 
has committed to continue to operate and maintain its monitors and will 
consult with EPA prior to making any changes to the existing monitoring 
network. Ohio remains obligated to continue to quality-assure 
monitoring data in accordance with 40 CFR part 58 and enter all data 
into EPA's Air Quality System (AQS) database in accordance with Federal 
guidelines.
e. Verification of Continued Attainment
    Continued attainment of the annual PM2.5 NAAQS in the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area depends, in part, on the state's efforts 
toward tracking indicators of continued attainment during the 
maintenance period. Ohio and Indiana's plan for verifying continued 
attainment of the annual PM2.5 standard in the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area consists of continued ambient PM2.5 monitoring 
in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR part 58. The two states 
will also continue to develop and submit periodic emission inventories 
as required by the Federal Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule 
(codified at 40 CFR 51 Subpart A) to track future levels of emissions.
f. Contingency Plan
    The contingency plan provisions are designed to promptly correct or 
prevent a violation of the NAAQS that might occur after redesignation 
of an area to attainment. Section 175A of the CAA requires that a 
maintenance plan include such contingency measures as EPA deems 
necessary to assure that the state will promptly correct a violation of 
the NAAQS that occurs after redesignation. The maintenance plan should 
identify the contingency measures to be adopted, a schedule and 
procedure for adoption and implementation of the contingency measures, 
and a time limit for action by the state. The state should also 
identify specific indicators to be used to determine when the 
contingency measures need to be adopted and implemented. The 
maintenance plan must include a requirement that the state will 
implement all measures with respect to control of the pollutant(s) that 
were contained in the SIP before redesignation of the area to 
attainment. See section 175A(d) of the CAA.
    As required by section 175A of the CAA, Ohio and Indiana have 
adopted contingency plans for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area to address 
possible future annual PM2.5 air quality problems.
    Under Indiana's plan, if a violation of the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 standard occurs, Indiana will implement an ``Action 
Level Response''. Unless the violation is due to an atypical 
unfavorable meteorological condition, exceptional event, malfunction or 
noncompliance with a permit condition or rule requirement, Indiana will 
adopt and implement one or more of its contingency measures. Indiana 
has provided clarification that the state considers the term ``an 
atypical unfavorable meteorological condition'' to mean an exceptional 
event as determined by EPA. EPA agrees with and relies upon this 
clarification in approving Indiana's contingency measures provisions. 
(See docket EPA-R05-OAR-2011-0106 for clarification communications).
    If a violation occurs, it will trigger an Action Level Response; 
that is, Indiana will adopt and implement one or more

[[Page 64834]]

control measures from its list of candidate measures within 18 months 
from the end of the year in which monitored air quality triggering the 
response occurs. Indiana's candidate contingency measures include the 
following:
    i. Alternative fuel and diesel retrofit programs for fleet vehicle 
operations;
    ii. NOX or SO2 controls on new minor sources;
    iii. Wood stove change out program;
    iv. Idle restrictions; and
    v. Broader geographic applicability of existing measures.
    Ohio's contingency measures include a Warning Level Response and an 
Action Level Response. An initial Warning Level Response is triggered 
when the average weighted annual mean for one year exceeds 15.5 [mu]g/
m\3\. In that case, a study will be conducted to determine if the 
emissions trends show increases; if action is necessary to reverse 
emissions increases, Ohio will follow the same procedures for control 
selection and implementation as for an Action Level Response.
    The Action Level Response will be prompted by any one of the 
following: A Warning Level Response study that shows emissions 
increases, a weighted annual mean over a two-year average that exceeds 
the standard, or a violation of the standard. If an Action Level 
Response is triggered, Ohio will adopt and implement appropriate 
control measures within 18 months from the end of the year in which 
monitored air quality triggering a response occurs.
    Ohio's candidate contingency measures include the following:
    i. ICI Boilers--SO2 and NOX controls;
    ii. Process heaters;
    iii. EGUS;
    iv. Internal combustion engines;
    v. Combustion turbines;
    vi. Other sources > 100 TPY;
    vii. Fleet vehicles;
    viii. Concrete manufacturers and;
    ix. Aggregate processing plants.
    Ohio and Indiana further commit to conduct ongoing review of their 
data, and if monitored concentrations or emissions are trending upward, 
Ohio and Indiana commit to take appropriate steps to avoid a violation 
if possible. Ohio and Indiana commit to continue implementing SIP 
requirements upon and after redesignation.
    EPA believes that both Ohio and Indiana's contingency plans, as 
well as the commitment to continue implementing any SIP requirements, 
satisfy the pertinent requirements of section 175A(d).
g. Provisions for Future Updates of the Annual PM2.5 
Maintenance Plan
    As required by section 175A(b) of the CAA, Ohio and Indiana have 
each committed to submit to the EPA an updated maintenance plan eight 
years after redesignation of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area to attainment 
of the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard to cover an additional 
ten-year period beyond the initial ten-year maintenance period. As 
required by section 175A of the CAA, Ohio and Indiana have committed to 
retain the control measures contained in the SIP prior to 
redesignation, or submit to EPA, as a SIP revision, any changes to its 
rules or emission limits applicable to SO2, NOX 
or direct PM2.5 sources as required for maintenance of the 
annual PM2.5 standard in the Cincinnati-Hamilton area.
    EPA has concluded that the maintenance plans adequately address the 
requisite five basic components: Attainment inventory, maintenance 
demonstration, monitoring network, verification of continued 
attainment, and a contingency plan. Thus EPA is fully approving the 
maintenance plan SIP revisions submitted by Ohio and Indiana for the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area as meeting the requirements of section 175A of 
the CAA.

B. Adequacy of Ohio and Indiana's MVEBs

1. How are MVEBs developed and what are the MVEBs for the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area?
    Under the CAA, states are required to submit, at various times, 
control strategy SIP revisions and maintenance plans for 
PM2.5 nonattainment areas and for areas seeking 
redesignations to attainment of the PM2.5 standard. These 
emission control strategy SIP revisions (e.g., RFP and attainment 
demonstration SIP revisions) and maintenance plans create MVEBs based 
on on-road mobile source emissions for criteria pollutants and/or their 
precursors to address pollution from on-road transportation sources. 
The MVEBs are the portions of the total allowable emissions that are 
allocated to highway and transit vehicle use that, together with 
emissions from other sources in the area, will provide for attainment, 
RFP or maintenance, as applicable.
    Under 40 CFR part 93, a MVEB for an area seeking a redesignation to 
attainment is established for the last year of the maintenance plan and 
could also be established for an interim year or years. The MVEB serves 
as a ceiling on emissions from an area's planned transportation system. 
The MVEB concept is further explained in the preamble to the November 
24, 1993, transportation conformity rule (58 FR 62188).
    Under section 176(c) of the CAA, new transportation plans and 
transportation improvement programs (TIPs) must be evaluated to 
determine if they conform to the purpose of the area's SIP. Conformity 
to the SIP means that transportation activities will not cause new air 
quality violations, worsen existing air quality violations, or delay 
timely attainment of the NAAQS or any required interim milestone. If a 
transportation plan or TIP does not conform, most new transportation 
projects that would expand the capacity of roadways cannot go forward. 
Regulations at 40 CFR part 93 set forth EPA policy, criteria, and 
procedures for demonstrating and assuring conformity of such 
transportation activities to a SIP.
    When reviewing SIP revisions containing MVEBs, including attainment 
strategies, rate-of-progress plans, and maintenance plans, EPA must 
affirmatively find adequate and/or approve the MVEBs for use in 
determining transportation conformity before the MVEBs can be used. 
Once EPA affirmatively approves and/or finds the submitted MVEBs to be 
adequate for transportation conformity purposes, the MVEBs must be used 
by state and Federal agencies in determining whether proposed 
transportation plans and TIPs conform to the SIP as required by section 
176(c) of the CAA. EPA's substantive criteria for determining the 
adequacy of MVEBs are set out in 40 CFR 93.118(e)(4). Additionally, to 
approve a motor vehicle emissions budget EPA must complete a thorough 
review of the SIP, in this case the PM2.5 maintenance plans, 
and conclude that the SIP will achieve its overall purpose, in this 
case providing for maintenance of the 1997 annual PM2.5 
standard in the Indiana and Ohio portions of the Cincinnati area.
    EPA's process for determining adequacy of a MVEB consists of three 
basic steps: (1) Providing public notification of a SIP submission; (2) 
providing the public the opportunity to comment on the MVEB during a 
public comment period; and, (3) EPA taking action on the MVEB. The 
process for determining the adequacy of submitted SIP MVEBs is codified 
at 40 CFR 93.118.
    The maintenance plans submitted by Ohio and Indiana for the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area contain new primary PM2.5 and 
NOX MVEBs for the area for the years 2015 and 2021. The 
motor vehicle emissions budgets were calculated using MOVES2010(a). 
After the adequacy finding and approval of the budgets become 
effective, the

[[Page 64835]]

budgets will have to be used in future conformity determinations and 
regional emissions analyses prepared by the OKI, will have to be based 
on the use of MOVES2010a or the most recent version of MOVES required 
to be used in transportation conformity determinations.\4\ The states 
have determined the 2015 MVEBs for the combined Ohio and Indiana 
portions of Cincinnati-Hamilton area to be 1,678.60 tpy for primary 
PM2.5 and 35,723.83 tpy for NOX. Ohio and Indiana 
have determined the 2021 MVEBs for their combined portions of the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area to be 1,241.19 tpy for primary 
PM2.5 and 21,747.71 tpy for NOX. These MVEBs 
exceed the on-road mobile source primary PM2.5 and 
NOX emissions projected by the states for 2015 and 2021. 
Ohio and Indiana have decided to include ``safety margins'' as provided 
for in 40 CFR 93.124(a) (described below) of 79.93 tpy and 112.84 tpy 
for primary PM2.5 and 4,659.63 tpy and 2,836.65 tpy for 
NOX in the 2015 and 2021 MVEBs, respectively, to provide for 
on-road mobile source growth. Ohio and Indiana did not provide emission 
budgets for SO2, VOCs, and ammonia because it concluded, 
consistent with EPA's presumptions regarding these precursors, that 
emissions of these precursors from on-road motor vehicles are not 
significant contributors to the area's PM2.5 air quality 
problem.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ EPA described the circumstances under which an area would be 
required to use MOVES in transportation conformity determinations in 
its March 2, 2010, Federal Register notice officially releasing 
MOVES2010 for use in SIPs and transportation conformity 
determinations. (75 FR 9413)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the Ohio and Indiana portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area, 
the motor vehicle budgets including the safety margins and motor 
vehicle emission projections for both NOX and 
PM2.5 are lower than the levels in the attainment year.
    EPA has reviewed the submitted budgets for 2015 and 2021 including 
the added safety margins using the conformity rule's adequacy criteria 
found at 40 CFR 93.118(e)(4) and the conformity rule's requirements for 
safety margins found at 40 CFR 93.124(a). EPA has also completed a 
thorough review of the maintenance plan for the Ohio and Indiana 
portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area. Based on the results of this 
review of the budgets and the maintenance plans EPA is approving the 
2015 and 2021 direct PM2.5 and NOX budgets 
including the requested safety margins for the Ohio and Indiana 
portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area. Additionally, EPA, through 
this rulemaking, has found the submitted budgets to be adequate for use 
to determine transportation conformity in the Indiana and Ohio portions 
of the area, because EPA has determined that the area can maintain the 
1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS for the relevant maintenance period 
with on-road mobile source emissions at the levels of the MVEBs 
including the requested safety margins. These budgets must be used in 
conformity determinations made on or after the effective date of this 
direct final rulemaking (40 CFR 93.118(f)(iii)). Additionally, 
transportation conformity determinations made after the effective date 
of this notice must be based on regional emissions analyses using 
MOVES2010a or a more recent version of MOVES that has been approved for 
use in conformity determinations.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ EPA described the circumstances under which an area would be 
required to use MOVES in transportation conformity determinations in 
its March 2, 2010 Federal Register notice officially releasing 
MOVES2010 for use in SIPs and transportation conformity 
determinations. (75 FR 9413)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. What is a safety margin?
    A ``safety margin'' is the difference between the attainment level 
of emissions (from all sources) and the projected level of emissions 
(from all sources) in the maintenance plan. As shown in Table 5, the 
combination of the Ohio and Indiana portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area is projected to have safety margins for NOX and direct 
PM2.5 of 42,994.13 tpy and 270.09 tpy in 2015, and 69,887.02 
tpy and 702.01 tpy for NOX and PM2.5 in 2021 (the 
difference between the attainment year, 2008, emissions and the 
projected years of 2015 and 2021 emissions for all sources in the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area). Even if emissions exceeded expectations by 
the full level of the safety margin, the area would still demonstrate 
maintenance since emission levels would equal those in the attainment 
year.
    The transportation conformity rule allows areas to allocate all or 
a portion of a ``safety margin'' to the area's motor vehicle emissions 
budgets (40 CFR 92.124(a)). The MVEBs requested by Ohio and Indiana 
contain NOX safety margins for mobile sources in 2015 and 
2021 and PM2.5 safety margins for mobile sources in 2015 and 
2021 are much smaller than the allowable safety margins reflected in 
the total emissions for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area. The state is not 
requesting allocation to the MVEBs of the entire available safety 
margins reflected in the demonstration of maintenance. Therefore, even 
though the state is requesting MVEBs that exceed the projected on-road 
mobile source emissions for 2015 and 2021 contained in the 
demonstration of maintenance, the increase in on-road mobile source 
emissions that can be considered for transportation conformity purposes 
is well within the safety margins of the overall PM2.5 
maintenance demonstration.
    Therefore, EPA believes that the requested budgets, including the 
requested portion of the safety margins, provide for a quantity of 
mobile source emissions that would be expected to maintain the 
PM2.5 standard. Once allocated to mobile sources, these 
portions of the safety margins will not be available for use by other 
sources.
3. What action is EPA taking on the submitted motor vehicle emissions 
budgets?
    EPA, through this rulemaking, has found adequate and is approving 
the MVEBs for use to determine transportation conformity in the Ohio 
and Indiana portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton area, because EPA has 
determined that the area can maintain attainment of the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 NAAQS for the relevant maintenance period with mobile 
source emissions at the levels of the MVEBs including the requested 
safety margins. These budgets must be used in conformity determinations 
made on or after the effective date of this direct final rulemaking, 
December 19, 2011. (40 CFR 93.118(f)(iii)) Additionally, the 
determinations made after the effective date of this notice must be 
based on regional emissions analyses using MOVES2010a or a more recent 
version of MOVES that has been approved for use in conformity 
determinations.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ EPA described the circumstances under which an area would be 
required to use MOVES in transportation conformity determinations in 
its March 2, 2010, Federal Register notice officially releasing 
MOVES2010 for use in SIPs and transportation conformity 
determinations. (75 FR 9413)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. 2005 Comprehensive Emissions Inventory

    As discussed above in section IV.A.2.a.ii., section 172(c)(3) of 
the CAA requires areas to submit a comprehensive emissions inventory. 
Ohio and Indiana submitted 2005 base year emissions inventories that 
meet this requirement. Emissions contained in the submittals cover the 
general source categories of point sources, area sources, on-road 
mobile sources, and nonroad mobile sources.
    For the point source sector, EGU SO2 and NOX 
emissions were derived from

[[Page 64836]]

EPA's Clean Air Market's database. All other point source emissions 
were obtained from Ohio and Indiana's source facility emissions 
reporting.
    Area source emissions were extrapolated from Ohio and Indiana's 
2005 periodic emissions inventories. Source growth factors were 
supplied by LADCO.
    Nonroad mobile source emissions were extrapolated from nonroad 
mobile source emissions reported in EPA's 2005 NEI. LADCO estimated 
emissions for commercial marine vessels and railroads.
    On-road mobile source emissions were calculated using EPA's mobile 
source emission factor model, MOVES2010a, in conjunction with roadway 
network traffic information prepared by OKI.
    All emissions discussed in Table 1 were documented in the submittal 
and the Appendices of Ohio and Indiana's redesignation request 
submittals. EPA has reviewed Ohio and Indiana's documentation of the 
emissions inventory techniques and data sources used for the derivation 
of the 2005 emissions estimates and has found that Ohio and Indiana 
have thoroughly documented the derivation of these emissions 
inventories. The submittals for both the Ohio and Indiana state that 
the 2005 emissions inventories are currently the most complete 
emissions inventories for PM2.5 and PM2.5 
precursors in the Cincinnati-Hamilton area. Based upon EPA's review, we 
conclude that the 2005 emissions inventories areas complete and 
accurate as possible given the input data available to the states.

V. Summary of Actions

    EPA has previously made the determination that the Cincinnati-
Hamilton area has attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard. 
EPA is determining that the area continues to attain the standard and 
that the Ohio and Indiana portions of the area meet the requirements 
for redesignation to attainment of that standard under section 
107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. EPA is thus approving the requests from Ohio 
and Indiana to change the legal designation of their portions of the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area from nonattainment to attainment for the 1997 
annual PM2.5 NAAQS. EPA is approving Ohio and Indiana's 1997 
annual PM2.5 maintenance plans for the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area as revisions to the respective SIPs because the plans meet the 
requirements of section 175A of the CAA. EPA is approving the 2005 
emissions inventories for primary PM2.5, NOX, and 
SO2, documented in Indiana's and Ohio's December 9, 2010, 
and January 25, 2011, submittals as satisfying the requirement in 
section 172(c)(3) of the CAA for a comprehensive, current emission 
inventory. Finally, EPA finds adequate and is approving 2015 and 2021 
primary PM2.5 and NOX MVEBs submitted from each 
state for the Ohio and Indiana portions of the Cincinnati-Hamilton 
area. These MVEBs will be used in future transportation conformity 
analyses for the area after the effective date for the adequacy finding 
and approval.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the CAA, redesignation of an area to attainment and the 
accompanying approval of a maintenance plan under section 107(d)(3)(E) 
are actions that affect the status of a geographical area and do not 
impose any additional regulatory requirements on sources beyond those 
imposed by state law. A redesignation to attainment does not in and of 
itself create any new requirements, but rather results in the 
applicability of requirements contained in the CAA for areas that have 
been redesignated to attainment. Moreover, the Administrator is 
required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions 
of the CAA and applicable Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 
CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to 
approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. 
Accordingly, this action merely approves state law as meeting Federal 
requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those 
imposed by state law. For that reason, these actions:
     Are not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
     Do not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Are certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     Do not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     Do not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Are not economically significant regulatory actions based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Are not significant regulatory actions subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     Are not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the Clean Air Act; and
     Do not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental 
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under 
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    In addition, this rule does not have Tribal implications as 
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), 
because the SIP is not approved to apply in Indian country located in 
the state, and EPA notes that it will not impose substantial direct 
costs on Tribal governments or preempt Tribal law.
    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, 
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the 
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and 
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior 
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot 
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal 
Register. These actions are not ``major rules'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 
804(2).
    Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review 
of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for 
the appropriate circuit by December 19, 2011. Filing a petition for 
reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect 
the finality of these actions for the purposes of judicial review nor 
does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may 
be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or 
action. Parties with objections to this direct final rule are 
encouraged to file a comment in response to the parallel notice of 
proposed rulemaking for this action published in the proposed rules 
section of today's Federal Register, rather than

[[Page 64837]]

file an immediate petition for judicial review of this direct final 
rule, so that EPA can withdraw these direct final rules and address the 
comment in the proposed rulemaking. These actions may not be challenged 
later in proceedings to enforce their requirements. (See section 
307(b)(2).)

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Particulate matter.

40 CFR Part 81

    Air pollution control, National parks, Wilderness areas.

    Dated: October 7, 2011.
Susan Hedman,
Regional Administrator, Region 5.

    40 CFR Parts 52 and 81 are amended as follows:

PART 52--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart P--Indiana

0
2. Section 52.776 is amended by adding paragraphs (v)(3) and (w)(3) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  52.776  Control strategy: Particulate matter.

* * * * *
    (v) * * *
    (3) The Cincinnati-Hamilton nonattainment area (Dearborn County), 
as submitted on December 9, 2010. The maintenance plan establishes 2015 
motor vehicle emissions budgets for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area of 
1,678.60 tpy for primary PM2.5 and 35,723.83 tpy for 
NOX and 2021 motor vehicle emissions budgets of 1,241.19 tpy 
for primary PM2.5 and 21,747.71 tpy for NOX.
    (w) * * *
    (3) Indiana's 2005 NOx, directly emitted PM2.5, and 
SO2 emissions inventory satisfies the emission inventory 
requirements of section 172(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act for the 
Cincinnati-Hamilton area.

Subpart KK--Ohio

0
3. Section 52.1880 is amended by adding paragraphs (p) and (q) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  52.1880  Control strategy: Particulate matter.

* * * * *
    (p) Approval--The 1997 annual PM2.5 maintenance plans 
for the following areas have been approved:
    (1) The Cincinnati-Hamilton nonattainment area (Butler, Clermont, 
Hamilton, and Warren Counties), as submitted on January 25, 2011. The 
maintenance plan establishes 2015 motor vehicle emissions budgets for 
the Cincinnati-Hamilton area of 1,678.60 tpy for primary 
PM2.5 and 35,723.83 tpy for NOX and 2021 motor 
vehicle emissions budgets of 1,241.19 tpy for primary PM2.5 
and 21,747.71 tpy for NOX.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (q) Approval--The 1997 annual PM2.5 comprehensive 
emissions inventories for the following areas have been approved:
    (1) Ohio's 2005 NOx, directly emitted PM2.5, and 
SO2 emissions inventory satisfies the emission inventory 
requirements of section 172(c)(3) for the Cincinnati-Hamilton area.
    (2) [Reserved]

PART 81--[AMENDED]

0
4. The authority citation for part 81 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

0
5. Section 81.315 is amended by revising the entry for Cincinnati-
Hamilton, IN in the table entitled ``Indiana PM2.5 (Annual NAAQS)'' to 
read as follows:

Sec.  81.315  Indiana.

* * * * *

                                                  Indiana PM2.5
                                                 [Annual NAAQS]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Designation \a\
                       Designated area                       ---------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Date \1\                    Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
Cincinnati-Hamilton, IN: Dearborn County....................        December 19, 2011               Attainment.
 
                                                 * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Includes Indian Country located in each county or area, except as otherwise specified.
\1\ This date is 90 days after January 5, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

* * * * *

0
6. Section 81.336 is amended by revising the entry for Cincinnati-
Hamilton, OH in the table entitled ``Ohio PM2.5 (Annual 
NAAQS)'' to read as follows:

Sec.  81.336  Ohio.

* * * * *

                                                   Ohio PM2.5
                                                 [Annual NAAQS]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Designation \a\
                       Designated area                       ---------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Date \1\                    Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
Cincinnati-Hamilton, Ohio:
    Butler County...........................................
    Clermont County.........................................
    Hamilton County.........................................

[[Page 64838]]

 
    Warren County...........................................        December 19, 2011               Attainment.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Includes Indian Country located in each county or area, except as otherwise specified.
\1\ This date is 90 days after January 5, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

* * * * *

[FR Doc. 2011-26887 Filed 10-18-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P