Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0083-1458
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2023-07-31T04:00Z

MEMORANDUM 

DATE:	May 1, 2019 (revised 9/15/2021)

FROM:	Donna Lee Jones, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Gabrielle Raymond, RTI International
		
TO:		Integrated Iron and Steel (II&S) Residual Risk and Technology Review (RTR) Project File
		
SUBJECT:	Summary of Integrated Iron and Steel Point Source Emissions Estimates for Risk and Technology Review
__________________________________________________________________________________________
1.0	INTRODUCTION
This memorandum describes the point source emission estimates used as part of the Residual Risk and Technology Review (RTR) of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for the Integrated Iron and Steel Manufacturing (II&S) industry (40 CFR, part 63, subpart FFFFF). The primary source of data for the II&S RTR was the responses to an August 2011 information collection request (ICR) sent to the II&S industry that included a questionnaire and a source test request. (EPA, 2018a) The EPA sent out the II&S ICR under the authority of section 114 of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414) to acquire the necessary data for the RTR.

      The purpose of this memorandum is to provide an overview of the point source emissions estimates developed from the ICR data obtained from II&S facilities for their emission units as compiled into the II&S Emissions Database. The development of the point source data from the ICR responses are described in detail in a memorandum entitled, "Integrated Iron and Steel Risk and Technology Review: Point Source Data Summary" (EPA, 2019c), that will hereafter be referred to as the "Data Memorandum." Noncategory emissions from sources co-located at II&S facilities are also described in the Data Memorandum. Emission estimates for fugitive emissions from the source category are addressed in the memorandum entitled: "Costs, Emissions and Other Impacts of Control of Fugitive Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry" (EPA, 2019a).

2.0 	BACKGROUND
In accordance with section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), on May 20, 2003, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established a NESHAP for the II&S industry (68 FR 27646). The 2003 II&S NESHAP establishes Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for emissions of filterable particulate matter (PM) and opacity as surrogates for hazardous air pollutant (HAP) metals. The rule also establishes standards for the oil content of sinter feed, as a surrogate for volatile organic HAP. In addition, the II&S NESHAP establishes work practice standards for additional control of HAP metals. The regulated emission sources at II&S facilities in the 2003 II&S NESHAP include: blast furnaces (BF); basic oxygen process furnace shops (BOPF); hot metal transfer, desulfurization and skimming units (HMTDS); ladle metallurgy operations; and sinter plant emission sources that included the sinter plant windbox exhaust stream, sinter plant discharge end, and sinter cooler. 

3.0	FACILITIES AND UNITS 
      Table 1 lists the companies and facilities that submitted data in response to the II&S ICR. Table 2 shows the production levels of the II&S facilities in the year the ICR tests were performed (as reported), the production at capacity provided by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AIST, 2009), and the number of 
            Table 1.  II&S Facilities, Companies, and Locations
                                 Company Name
                                 Facility Name
                                 Abbreviation
                                     City
                                     State
AK Steel Corporation
AK Steel Ashland
AKS-Ashland-KY
Ashland
                                      KY
AK Steel Corporation
AK Steel Dearborn Works
AKS Dearborn MI
Dearborn
                                      MI
AK Steel Corporation
AK Steel Middletown
AKS-Middletown-OH
Middletown
                                      OH
ArcelorMittal Cleveland, Inc.
ArcelorMittal Cleveland
AM-Cleveland-OH
Cleveland
                                      OH
ArcelorMittal USA LLC
ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor
AM-BurnsHarbor-IN
Burns Harbor
                                      IN
ArcelorMittal USA LLC
ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor - East
AM-IndianaHarbor- E
East Chicago
                                      IN
ArcelorMittal USA LLC
ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor - West
AM-IndianaHarbor-W
East Chicago
                                      IN
United States Steel Corporation
US Steel-Edgar Thompson
USS-Braddock-PA
Braddock 
                                      PA
United States Steel Corporation
US Steel-Gary
USS-Gary-IN
Gary
                                      IN
United States Steel Corporation
US Steel-Granite City
USS-GraniteCity-IL
Granite City
                                      IL
United States Steel Corporation
US Steel-Great Lakes
USS-Ecorse-MI
Ecorse
                                      MI

installed units. The II&S ICR data used to populate the II&S Emissions Database, as well as the surrogate data and development of other emission estimates, are described in the Data Memorandum. 

4.0	SOURCES OF EMISSIONS DATA
Seventy percent of the point source data in the II&S Emissions Database were from source tests. However, II&S facilities could submit previous test reports in lieu of conducting ICR source testing if the tests were conducted within the previous five years of the II&S ICR and the tests were performed with the required EPA methods, minimum test duration, and/or minimum number of test runs, as specified in the II&S ICR. Additionally, facilities with multiple units were permitted to test only one unit (e.g., BOPF or ladle) to fulfill the II&S ICR test request if there were other similar units on site that exhausted to the same type of control device, processed the same types of materials, were the same size and design, and have similar operating conditions. The test data obtained for similar sources were used as surrogate data in the II&S Emissions Database for the units not tested.  
Units that were completely idle in 2011 were not tested as part of the II&S ICR. For idle units that could not test similar on-site units, an industry average for that unit type was developed from the ICR data to estimate HAP emissions for the idle unit. II&S facilities with BFs that use flame/fume suppression control (with a natural gas-fired flame) were exempted from testing for the II&S ICR because they are unable to perform stack testing for safety reasons due to an explosion hazard. For the exempted BF units, source test data from other II&S BFs were used as surrogate data in the II&S Emissions Database. The surrogate data were either the average emissions from BFs on site or the overall industry average of test data from BFs in the II&S Emissions Database for cases where all BFs at the facility used flame/fume suppression. 
      For some II&S facilities, the ductwork to their BF Stoves prevented testing of their stoves directly. Because the BF Stoves were piped into a boiler that could be tested, these facilities could provide test data from their boilers when burning predominately BF gas, in lieu of testing the BF stoves. Table 3 shows the types of data included in the II&S Emissions Database for each unit type. See the Data Memorandum for details on how the emissions were estimated and the units tested.

Table 2. II&S Facility Unit Count and Production: Capacity (2009) vs ICR Modeling (2010)
                                   Facility
                                  Steel (tpy)
                                No. BOPF Units
                              No. BOP Shops (ICR)
                                  Iron (tpy)
                                 No. BF Units
                                  Slag[c] ICR
                                       
                                    ICR[a]
                                  Capacity[b]
                                   Installed
                                      ICR
                                       
                                    ICR[a]
                                  Capacity[b]
                                   Installed
                                    ICR[a]
                             Slag in Pits (tpy)[a]
                               No. Slag Pits[d]
AKS-Ashland-KY
                                       
                                   2,100,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                      CBI
                                   2,000,000
                                       1
                                       1
                                      CBI
                                       1
AKS-Dearborn-MI
                                   2,352,571
                                   4,100,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                   1,985,570
                                   2,190,000
                                       1
                                       1
                                    398,921
                                       1
AKS-Middleton-OH
                                       
                                   2,640,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                      CBI
                                   2,300,000
                                       1
                                       1
                                      CBI
                                       1
AM-BurnsHarbor-IN
                                 5,086,692[f]
                                   5,600,000
                                       3
                                       3
                                       1
                                 4,511,898[f]
                                   5,460,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                    702,427
                                       2
AM-Cleveland-OH[e]
                                   2,549,770
                                   5,100,000
                                       4
                                       4
                                       2
                                   2,259,884
                                   3,100,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                    587,835
                                       2
AM-IndianaHarbor-E[c,][e][, g]
                                   4,410,788
                                   6,250,000
                                       4
                                       4
                                       2
                                   3,925,597
                                   6,500,000
                                       3
                                     1[g]
                                     0[c]
                                     0[d]
AM-IndianaHarbor-W[h]
                                   1,209,885
                                   3,800,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                 2,004,807[h]
                                   3,100,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                  536,434[h]
                                       2
USS-Braddock-PA
                                   2,701,327
                                   2,957,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                   2,253,630
                                   2,300,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                    470,994
                                       2
USS-Ecorse-MI[i]
                                   3,212,678
                                   3,900,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                   2,678,997
                                   4,150,000
                                       3
                                     2[i]
                                    638,471
                                       2
USS-Gary-IN[e]
                                   5,871,382
                                   8,730,000
                                       6
                                       6
                                       2
                                   5,121,867
                                   7,340,000
                                       4
                                       4
                                   1,071,844
                                     3[d]
USS-GraniteCity-IL
                                   2,689,151
                                   3,000,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                       1
                                   2,229,682
                                   2,400,000
                                       2
                                       2
                                    468,233
                                       2
                                     Total
                                  30,084,244
                                  48,177,000
                                      31
                                      31
                                      14
                                  26,971,932
                                  40,840,000
                                      23
                                      20
4,875,159
                                      18
[a] ICR production values reported for 2010 for all operating (and modeled) units except one facility (see Footnote f). AK Steel (AKS) claimed the operating levels at their two facilities were confidential business information (CBI) in their ICR responses; therefore, only capacities are shown here. 
b From AIST, 2009.
[c] Slag capacity for the facilities is not known. "Slag in Pits" above reflects slag tonnage sent to slag pits in 2010. At AM-IH-E, slag from blast furnace (BF) #IH7 (1,140,254 tpy) is sent to a granulator so not included as slag pit slag. When operating, the other two BF units (#IH5 and #IH6) were reported in the ICR to generate a total of 228,841 tpy slag for a facility slag total generated of 1,369,095 tpy. Since BF #IH5 and #IH6 were not operating in 2011 and not tested for the ICR (nor included in the risk modeling), their slag is not included in table above, so slag pit slag equals zero. At USS Gary, slag from BF #14, at 508,623 tpy, is sent to a granulator so not included in the slag pit slag (ICR) in table above. The total generated slag at the facility is 1,580,467 tpy. See Footnote d, below, for information about number of slag pits.
[d] Corresponds to working slag pits in 2011. In general, number of slag pits (ICR) equals number of BF (ICR), except for USS-Gary (BF #14) and AM-IH-E (BF #IH7). One BF at each of these facilities produces slag that is sent to a granulator; therefore, there are no slag pits for these BFs. For USS-Gary, this is reflected in the number of slag units, i.e., one less unit than the number of operating BF units. However, for AM-IH-E, during ICR testing in 2011 the other two BFs (#IH5 and #IH6) were not operating nor included in EPA modeling; therefore, no slag pits are indicated in table above for this facility. See Footnote c, above, for information about slag tonnage.
e For purpose of estimated BF bell leaks, three facilities have some BF without bells, as follows: AM Cleveland, BF #6; AM IH-E, BF #IH7, and USS Gary, BFs #14 & #4. Therefore, the number of BFs should be reduced by these units when estimating BF bell leaks for the facilities and, similarly, the iron production reduced. For AM-Cleveland, without BF #C6 (963,952 tpy iron), iron contributing to bell leaks from BF #C5 is 1,295,932 tpy. For AM-IH-E, without #IH7 (3,925,597 tpy iron), iron contributing to bell leaks from BFs #IH5 and #IH6 would be 979,732 tpy if these units were operating. For Gary, without BF #4 (1,108,767 tpy) and BF #14 (2,034,491 tpy), iron contributing to bell leaks from BFs #6 and BF #8 is 1,978,609 tpy.
[f] AM-BH provided 2011 production values that were more representative of normal operations than 2010. 
[g] AM-IH-E was not operating BFs #IH5 and #IH6 during the ICR testing in 2011, so no stack tests were conducted and the EPA did not include these BFs in the risk modelling; therefore, ICR iron production shown in table is for BF #IH7 only. Total iron in 2010 for all three BFs at AM-IH-E was 4,905,329 tpy.
[h] AM-IH-W  BF #IH3 was not operating in 2010 so no annual iron or slag data available; estimated iron and slag from 2011 tph iron production during BF stove testing and hours/yr reported for BF #IH4 in 2010.
[i] USS-Ecorse was not operating BF #A1 during the ICR testing, so no stack tests were conducted and the EPA did not model this BF. Production values for iron and slag also were not available in the ICR. Data above reflects only BFs #B2 and #B4.
                                       

 Table 3.  Summary of Data Types in the II&S Emissions Database, by Unit 
                                   Unit Type
                Number of Units in II&S Emissions Database
                        Total Units with Emissions Data

                                    Source
                                     Tests
                         Similar Units/ Identical Data
                           Industry Default Data[b]
                         Boilers Instead of BF Stoves
                                      BF 
                               Fume Suppression

BF
                                      12
                                       1
                                       0
                                      --
                                       8
                                      21
BF Stoves
                                      12
                                       2
                                       0
                                       6
                                      --
                                      20
BOPF Primary
                                      17
                                       5
                                       2
                                      --
                                      --
                                      24
BOPF Secondary
                                      10
                                       0
                                       0
                                      --
                                      --
                                      10
HMTDS
                                      12
                                       3
                                       1
                                      --
                                      --
                                      16
Ladle Metallurgy
                                      13
                                       5
                                       1
                                      --
                                      --
                                      19
Sinter Plant Discharge End
                                       3
                                       1
                                       0
                                      --
                                      --
                                       4
Sinter Plant Windbox
                                       3
                                       1
                                       0
                                      --
                                      --
                                       4
                                    Overall
                                      82
                                      18
                                       4
                                       6
                                       8
                                      118

5.0	EMISSIONS ESTIMATES

The source test data requested in the II&S ICR included the following air pollutants or parameters: filterable particulate matter (PM filterable), hazardous air pollutant (HAP) metals,[1] dioxin/furans (D/F), carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), hydrogen chloride (HCl), benzene, toluene, xylene, methane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN)). All point sources had at least one control device that included fabric filters (baghouses), cartridge filter collectors, PM scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and fume suppressants (natural gas). In most cases, HAP emissions were measured directly using EPA stack test methods. For a few cases, HAP emissions were estimated from other ICR test data using various methodologies as discussed below.

Mercury emissions were speciated into elemental, and divalent and gaseous particulate because of wide differences in toxicity and aerodynamic behavior between the species. The speciation for mercury was done using the total measured mercury and EPA default speciation factors, as follows: elemental gaseous mercury, 80 percent; gaseous divalent mercury and particulate divalent mercury each at 10 percent. The use of these default factors is discussed in more detail in the Data Memorandum. 

      Chromium toxicity also varies by speciation; therefore, chromium was speciated into chromium III and VI. The BOPF (primary and secondary), Blast Furnace, and BF Stoves were required to test separately for chromium VI (hexavalent chromium) and total chromium. For all other II&S emission units, only total chromium emissions were measured.[3] For units where only total chromium data were available, estimates of hexavalent chromium emissions were made using a hexavalent-to-total chromium ratio developed by averaging test data for total chromium and hexavalent chromium from all BOPF in the II&S Emissions Database. Further detail on chromium speciation factors can be found in the Data Memorandum. 

      Emissions of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from cooling towers used for BF scrubber wastewater at II&S facilities could not be tested directly because these emissions are fugitive and from a very large source (tower). Therefore, wastewater flowrates and HCN water concentration data before and after the cooling tower data were obtained from the ICR to enable a mass balance estimate of HCN emissions. The air emissions of HCN were estimated as the loss in HCN mass in the scrubber wastewater from the inlet to the outlet of the cooling tower. Not all facilities could sample both or any of the sampling points because of equipment configurations. Therefore, HCN emissions were estimated in the II&S Emissions Database from a combination of mass balance and models, or a default industry average developed from the ICR data. Seven facilities either submitted complete data that enabled a mass balance estimate or a combination of measured data and estimating procedures or models. Using the HCN emission estimates from these seven facilities, a default emissions value was developed for the remaining three facilities. One facility does not have a cooling tower. Details of the HCN emissions estimates can be found in the memorandum entitled: "Estimated Hydrogen Cyanide Emissions and Potential Work Practices for Emission Control at Integrated Iron & Steel Facilities." (EPA, 2018b)

For dioxins and furans, emissions of 17 individual dioxin/furan congeners were required to be tested in the II&S ICR because of varying toxicity of the congeners. The 17 dioxin/furan congener values, expressed as mass rates, were entered in the II&S Emissions Database for each facility and unit. The 17 specific dioxin/furan congener mass values also were converted to 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalency (TEQ) values using the 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) toxicity equivalence factors (TEF) and summed to produce a total TEQ value in the II&S Emissions Database. The EPA uses the total TEQ toxicity value to establish MACT, if needed. Details of the TEQ and TEF factors can be found in the Data Memorandum. 

6.0 	POINT SOURCE EMISSIONS DATABASE
      The point source emissions measured or estimated for the II&S Steel facilities, as described above, were compiled into the II&S Emissions Database. This file is attached here as an Excel[TM] file. Selected data summaries are shown in the tables below. See the Data Memorandum for details on how the emissions were estimated and the units tested.
      
      Table 4 shows the total point source HAP emissions for each of the 11 II&S facilities, by unit type. Table 5 shows the 2011 estimated point source HAP emissions by HAP for all the 11 II&S facilities combined. Note only three facilities have sinter plants. Table 6 shows point source HAP emissions for all 11 facilities by unit and by HAP in pounds (lb) per year. Table 7 shows the 2011 estimated annual PM filterable emissions for all 11 facilities.
      
7.0	REFERENCES

AIST, 2009. Directory of Iron and Steel Plants. Association for Iron & Steel Technology, Warrendale, PA. https://www.aist.org 
EPA, 2018a. D. L. Jones and G. Raymond. Summary of Responses to EPA Information Collection Requests from Integrated Iron & Steel Facilities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA, 2018b. D. L. Jones and G. Raymond. Estimated Hydrogen Cyanide Emissions and Potential Work Practices for Emission Control at Integrated Iron & Steel Facilities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. 
EPA, 2019a. D. L. Jones. "Development of Example II&S Facility Emissions to Estimate Uncertainty in Risk Assessment Due to Fugitive or Intermittent HAP Emission Sources.". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. May 1, 2019.
EPA, 2019b. D. L. Jones and G. Raymond. "Costs, Emissions and Other Impacts of Control of Fugitive Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. May 1, 2019.
EPA, 2019c. D. L. Jones and G. Raymond. "Integrated Iron and Steel Risk and Technology Review: Point Source Data Summary." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. May 1, 2019.

Table 4.  II&S Industry Estimated 2011 Point Source HAP Emissions by Unit Type - 11 Facilities
                                  Facilities
                       Point Source HAP Emissions (tpy)
                                       
                              BF & BF Stoves
                                   BOPF Shop
                               BF Cooling Tower
                                 Sinter Plant
                                 Total Point 

                                   No Sinter
                                  With Sinter
AKS Ashland KY
                                      0.1
                                      0.9
                                     0.60 
                                      --
                                       2
                                       2
AKS Dearborn MI
                                      0.1
                                      0.4
                                     0.60 
                                      --
                                       1
                                       1
AKS Middletown OH
                                     0.08
                                       1
                                    0.077 
                                      --
                                       1
                                       1
AM BurnsHarbor IN
                                      0.2
                                       1
                                     0.53 
                                      76
                                       2
                                      78
AM Cleveland OH
                                      0.1
                                       1
                                     0.60 
                                      --
                                       2
                                       2
AM IN Harbor E IN
                                      0.2
                                       1
                                    0.028 
                                      81
                                       1
                                      82
AM IN Harbor W IN
                                      0.3
                                       1
                                     0.60 
                                      --
                                       2
                                       2
USS Braddock PA
                                      0.2
                                       1
                                   0.00076 
                                      --
                                       1
                                       1
USS Ecorse MI
                                      0.2
                                      0.3
                                     0.60 
                                      --
                                       1
                                       1
USS Gary IN
                                      1.4
                                       2
                                   0.00014 
                                      51
                                       3
                                      54
USS GraniteCity IL
                                      0.2
                                       3
                                      --
                                      --
                                       3
                                       3
                                   Total HAP
                                       3
                                      12
                                       4
                                      208
                                      19
                                      227
                                       
 Table 5.  II&S Industry Estimated 2011 Point Source HAP Emissions By HAP 
                                      HAP
                              HAP Emissions, tpy
                                       
                              Iron&Steel Only
                                (11 Facilities)
                       Sinter Plant Only (3 Facilities)
Antimony
                                      0.1
                                     0.02
Arsenic
                                      0.9
                                      0.1
Benzene
                                      --
                                      20
Beryllium
                                      0.3
                                    0.0014
Cadmium
                                      0.3
                                      0.4
Carbon Disulfide
                                      --
                                      23
Carbonyl Sulfide
                                      --
                                      72
Chromium
                                       1
                                      0.1
Chromium (VI)
                                      0.2
                                     0.03
Cobalt
                                      0.1
                                    0.0061
Ethyl Benzene
                                      --
                                      15
Hydrochloric Acid
                                      --
                                      12
Dioxin/Furan
                                      --
                                    0.00008
Hydrogen Cyanide
                                       4
                                      --
Lead
                                       3
                                      11
Manganese
                                       7
                                      0.6
Mercury
                                      0.5
                                     0.05
Nickel
                                      0.9
                                      0.1
PAH
                                      --
                                       6
Selenium
                                      0.4
                                      0.1
Toluene
                                      --
                                      16
Xylene
                                      --
                                      31
                                     Total
                                      19
                                      208
                                       
Table 6.  II&S RTR Point Source 2011 HAP Emissions by Facility and Unit Type (lb/yr)
HAP
        Total Point Source HAP Emissions 2011 by Facility, lb per year

AKS
Ashland
KY
AKS
Dearborn
   MI
AKS
   Middletown OH
AM
BurnsHarbor IN
AM
Cleveland
OH
AM
IN Harbor E
   IN
AM
IN Harbor W
   IN
USS
Braddock
PA
USS
Ecorse
MI
USS
Gary
IN
USS
GraniteCity IL
Total HAP
BF Controlled

  HAP
 Metals
Antimony
3.5
   9.7
   0.2
3.1
3.1
   1.8
   1.8
1.8
1.9
37
2.5
67

Arsenic
32
   6.6
   6.2
1.0
29
   1.4
   0.3
1.8
1.2
910
1.8
991

Beryllium
0.2
   0.1
   0.2
0.8
0.2
   0.1
   0.04
0.5
0.5
1.3
0.04
3.9

Cadmium
1.6
   1.1
   0.2
2.3
1.4
   1.8
   0.2
1.1
3.3
11
2.6
26

Chromium
23
   5.6
   6.3
6.7
20
   14
   5.1
15.1
9.7
489
12
606

Chromium VI
6.5
   2.2
   1.7
0.8
5.7
   0.6
   0.6
1.6
8.7
3.8
52
84

Cobalt
1.2
   2.1
   0.4
1.1
1.1
   0.9
   0.8
1.2
0.9
8.8
2.8
21

Lead
7.4
   7.5
   1.7
7.2
6.6
   2.3
   2.5
6.2
6.0
44
30
122

Manganese
57
   23
   16
47
50
   64
   40
51
69
281
211
909

Mercury
1.2
   0.3
   3.6
0.6
1.1
   1.5
   0.4
1.0
0.8
11
0.6
22

Nickel
15
   23
   11
34
13
   7.2
   3.5
39
5.0
132.0
6.2
288

Selenium
8.5
   37
   1.5
17
7.5
   5.4
   1.9
4.5
12
2.7
2.9
101
BF Controlled Total
157
   119
   49
122
139
   101
   58
124
118
1,933
324
3,243
BF Stoves

  HAP
 Metals
Antimony
0.3
   5.2
   0.3
3.6
1.1
   2.3
   2.5
1.1
2.6
3.9
1.7
25

Arsenic
3.0
   6.8
   8.7
22
3.5
   9.4
   15
8.2
4.4
16
1.6
99

Beryllium
0.1
   0.1
   0.1
0.9
0.3
   0.2
   0.7
0.4
0.5
2.8
0.04
6.1

Cadmium
0.5
   0.4
   0.4
3.6
0.5
   1.5
   1.3
1.3
2.8
4.4
1.6
18

Chromium
4.8
   7.2
   5.7
6.3
8.2
   12
   8.7
9.1
77
280
2.3
421

Chromium VI
0.3
   24
   0.1
0.7
0.3
   18
   4.0
0.5
2.6
3.2
0.8
54

Cobalt
2.6
   1.5
   0.4
1.1
0.5
   2.0
   0.8
0.7
2.1
7.6
0.9
20

Lead
2.8
   24
   12
15
11
   25
   93
38
9.8
79
33
342

Manganese
11
   15
   67
39
18
   77
   343
30
22
192
13
828

Mercury
7.8
   4.1
   3.2
32
0.8
   8.2
   1.7
43
4.5
12
1.5
119

Nickel
5.2
   4.5
   4.6
13
11
   11
   12
11
48
250
4.4
376

Selenium
7.7
   25
   8.5
52
30
   42
   42
61
22
64
5.4
360
BF Stoves Total
46
   118
   111
189
85
   209
   525
205
198
914
66
2,668
BOPF Primary
  
  
  
  
  
  
  HAP
 Metals
Antimony
0.1
   11
   0.9
5.8
5.3
   4.1
   0.1
14
1.4
23
25
90

Arsenic
0.5
   6.1
   1.0
4.8
24
   2.7
   16
492
2.4
10
2.7
562

Beryllium
0.004
   0.1
   0.04
1.2
23
   0.1
   596
1.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
623

Cadmium
0.02
   0.8
   14
29
   224
   2.8
   5.8
45
13
101
29
464

Chromium
32
   62
   21
32
62
   19
   11
39
21
85
87
472

Chromium VI
2.8
   73
   0.03
3.9
14
   2.7
   6.6
0.9
19
6.8
87
216

Cobalt
0.7
   12
   0.8
31
5.8
   1.4
   1.5
1.1
0.7
7.0
18
79

Lead
201
   134
   645
384
489
   95
   1.5
431
51
1,330
1,696
5,457

Manganese
423
   256
   341
806
  1,022
   448
   5.4
345
138
1,426
2,929
8,140

Mercury
7.4
   5.9
   17
27
31
   2.0
   31
74
15
114
166
491

Nickel
12
   36
   5.4
20
25
   9.0
   2.1
36
28
31
40
244

Selenium
0.8
   7.1
   0.1
18
8.4
   0.8
   74
6.3
3.4
2.4
14
135
BOPF Primary Total
679
  603
  1,046
1,362
  1,934
   588
   752
1,485
294
3,138
5,094
16,975
                                                                    (continued)
                                       
                             Table 6.  (continued)
HAP
Total Point Source HAP Emissions 2011 by Facility, lb per year

AKS
Ashland
KY
AKS
Dearborn
   MI
AKS
Middletown OH
AM
BurnsHarbor IN
AM
Cleveland
                                                                             OH
AM
IN Harbor E
IN
AM
IN Harbor W
                                                                             IN
USS
Braddock
PA
USS
Ecorse
                                                                             MI
USS
Gary
IN
USS
GraniteCity IL
Total HAP
  BOPF Secondary

  HAP
 Metals
Antimony
5.7
   11
   4.1
                                                                            6.8
                                                                            2.2
4.1
                                                                              0
1.6
                                                                            1.3
2.8
   0
40

Arsenic
6.9
   6.5
   14
                                                                            5.1
                                                                            2.4
2.5
                                                                              0
1.6
                                                                            0.8
0.3
   0
40

Beryllium
1.4
   0.1
   0.5
                                                                            1.7
                                                                            0.5
0.1
                                                                              0
0.4
                                                                            0.3
0.1
   0
5.2

Cadmium
59
   1.6
   47
                                                                            4.3
                                                                            7.5
17
                                                                              0
3.3
                                                                            7.6
2.2
   0
149

Chromium
154
   21
   50
                                                                            5.8
                                                                             41
38
                                                                              0
15
                                                                            5.3
15
   0
345

Chromium VI
8.7
   2.7
   3.8
                                                                            4.8
                                                                            1.2
7.9
                                                                              0
3.7
                                                                           0.01
11
   0
44

Cobalt
2.5
   3.3
   3.3
                                                                            9.7
                                                                            6.7
1.4
                                                                              0
0.6
                                                                            0.4
0.3
   0
28

Lead
253
   17
   346
                                                                             77
                                                                             38
160
                                                                              0
33
                                                                             47
19
   0
990

Manganese
497
   33
   766
                                                                            358
                                                                            126
507
                                                                              0
106
                                                                             78
320
   0
2,791

Mercury
37
   6.6
   53
                                                                             22
                                                                             52
3.7
                                                                              0
4.5
                                                                             22
15
   0
216

Nickel
77
   29
   33
                                                                             45
                                                                             50
43
                                                                              0
42
                                                                             11
18
   0
347

Selenium
14
   18
   1.2
                                                                             17
                                                                             22
1.3
                                                                              0
4.0
                                                                            3.2
0.3
   0
82
BOPF Secondary Total
1,116
  151
  1,322
                                                                            556
                                                                            349
786
                                                                              0
215
                                                                            177
404
   0
5,077
Hot Metal Transfer, Desulfurization, Skimming

  HAP
 Metals
Antimony
0
   1.0
   0.4
                                                                            0.3
                                                                            0.6
1.9
                                                                            0.6
0.5
                                                                            0.8
5.1
   0.9
12

Arsenic
0
   0.6
   2.6
                                                                            0.3
                                                                            0.6
1.9
                                                                            0.6
0.6
                                                                            1.8
0.7
   1.0
11

Beryllium
0
   0.01
   0.1
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            0.1
0.6
                                                                            0.2
0.1
                                                                            0.2
0.1
   0.1
1.5

Cadmium
0
   0.1
   0.04
                                                                            0.4
                                                                            0.5
0.9
                                                                            1.4
0.5
                                                                            1.1
5.7
   0.7
11

Chromium
0
   2.0
   5.6
                                                                            1.0
                                                                            5.5
23
                                                                             25
8.9
                                                                             15
16
   5.0
107

Chromium VI
0
   0.2
   0.6
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            0.5
2.3
                                                                            2.5
0.9
                                                                            1.5
1.6
   0.5
11

Cobalt
0
   0.2
   0.4
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            0.3
1.3
                                                                            0.3
0.6
                                                                            0.4
2.0
   0.4
6.0

Lead
0
   0.8
   1.7
                                                                            3.3
                                                                            2.1
7.9
                                                                            9.2
3.0
                                                                            1.4
6.2
   5.0
41

Manganese
0
   8.2
   54
                                                                            4.7
                                                                             27
69
                                                                             63
43
                                                                             52
100
   75
494

Mercury
0
   4.6
   3.2
                                                                             15
                                                                            3.9
6.2
                                                                            3.3
9.1
                                                                            1.7
9.0
   11
67

Nickel
0
   1.5
   2.7
                                                                            2.2
                                                                             21
284
                                                                             28
17
                                                                             23
9.3
   8.0
396

Selenium
0
   1.5
   0.7
                                                                            0.8
                                                                            1.2
6.2
                                                                            1.8
2.2
                                                                            3.6
1.0
   1.3
20
HMTDS Total
0
   21
   72
                                                                             29
                                                                             63
405
                                                                            135
86
                                                                            103
156
   108
1,178
Ladle Metallurgy
  
  
  
  
  
  
  HAP
 Metals
Antimony
0.1
   1.5
   0.02
                                                                            0.2
                                                                            1.5
6.4
                                                                            0.6
0.2
                                                                            0.2
1.0
   0.2
12

Arsenic
0.1
   1.7
   0.5
                                                                            0.2
                                                                            3.3
3.2
                                                                            0.6
0.2
                                                                            0.1
0.3
   0.3
10

Beryllium
0.02
   0.03
   0.02
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            0.3
0.3
                                                                            0.2
0.04
                                                                           0.04
0.1
   0.1
1.1

Cadmium
0.2
   0.6
   0.03
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            1.5
0.6
                                                                            0.4
0.1
                                                                            0.1
1.0
   0.5
5.1

Chromium
7.7
   9.3
   1.6
                                                                            0.2
                                                                            9.1
13
                                                                            5.8
0.8
                                                                            0.9
9.4
   0.5
58

Chromium VI
0.8
   0.9
   0.2
                                                                           0.02
                                                                            0.9
1.3
                                                                            0.6
0.1
                                                                            0.1
0.9
   0.05
5.8

Cobalt
0.1
   0.8
   0.1
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            1.2
3.2
                                                                            0.2
0.1
                                                                            0.1
1.7
   0.1
7.7

Lead
1.8
   12
   0.4
                                                                            0.6
                                                                            7.2
3.2
                                                                            6.4
0.6
                                                                            0.4
8.9
   4.7
46

Manganese
8.0
   28
   15
                                                                            3.1
                                                                            166
31
                                                                            797
3.0
                                                                            7.4
84
   10
1,153

Mercury
0.2
   0.1
   0.3
                                                                            0.1
                                                                            0.9
0.03
                                                                            0.2
0.1
                                                                            0.2
5.0
   0.9
8.0

Nickel
6.6
   8.8
   3.6
                                                                            1.0
                                                                            9.3
14
                                                                            2.1
1.2
                                                                            0.8
5.9
   0.6
54

Selenium
0.2
   11
   0.1
                                                                            0.7
                                                                            6.3
6.4
                                                                            6.1
1.3
                                                                            0.4
0.3
   1.4
35
Ladle Metallurgy Total
26
   75
   22
                                                                            6.5
                                                                            208
83
                                                                            820
7.7
                                                                             11
118
   19
1,395
                                                                    (continued)
                                       
                             Table 6.  (continued)
HAP
Total Point Source HAP Emissions 2011 by Facility, lb per year

AKS
Ashland
KY
AKS
Dearborn
   MI
AKS
Middletown OH
AM
BurnsHarbor IN
AM
Cleveland
OH
AM
IN Harbor E
IN
AM
IN Harbor W
IN
USS
Braddock
PA
USS
Ecorse
MI
USS
Gary
IN
USS
GraniteCity IL
                                                                      Total HAP
Blast Furnace WW Cooling
Hydrogen Cyanide
1,200
   1,200
   154
1,052
1,200
55
1,200
1.5
1,200
0.3
0
                                                                          7,263
Sinter Plant Discharge End
  
  
  
  
  
  
HAP
Metals
Antimony
0
0
0
1.9
0
0.9
0
0
0
1.8
0
4.6

Arsenic
0
0
0
1.9
0
0.9
0
0
0
2.0
0
4.8

Beryllium
0
0
0
0.5
0
0.4
0
0
0
0.1
0
1.0

Cadmium
0
0
0
0.8
0
0.8
0
0
0
0.9
0
2.5

Chromium
0
0
0
13
0
5.4
0
0
0
35
0
53

Chromium VI
0
0
0
5.1
0
2.1
0
0
0
14
0
21

Cobalt
0
0
0
0.7
0
1.3
0
0
0
1.1
0
3.0

Lead
0
0
0
7.7
0
3.1
0
0
0
28
0
39

Manganese
0
0
0
192
0
104
0
0
0
574
0
869

Mercury
0
0
0
1.0
0
0.2
0
0
0
1.7
0
2.8

Nickel
0
0
0
18
0
8.0
0
0
0
11
0
38

Selenium
0
0
0
4.8
0
4.1
0
0
0
0.4
0
9.3
Sinter Plant Discharge End Total
0
0
0
247
0
131
0
0
0
670
0
                                                                          1,048
Sinter Plant Windbox

HAP Metals
Antimony
0
0
0
4.5
0
17
0
0
0
6.5
0
28

Arsenic
0
0
0
6.9
0
2.7
0
0
0
138
0
148

Beryllium
0
0
0
1.1
0
0.1
0
0
0
0.5
0
1.7

Cadmium
0
0
0
713
0
1.7
0
0
0
3.1
0
718

Chromium
0
0
0
35
0
13
0
0
0
61
0
108

Chromium VI
0
0
0
13
0
5.0
0
0
0
24
0
42

Cobalt
0
0
0
4.6
0
1.0
0
0
0
3.5
0
9.1

Lead
0
0
0
22,327
0
69
0
0
0
113
0
                                                                         22,509

Manganese
0
0
0
188
0
92
0
0
0
70
0
350

Mercury
0
0
0
75
0
9.3
0
0
0
5.5
0
90

Nickel
0
0
0
38
0
9.6
0
0
0
22
0
70

Selenium
0
0
0
158
0
49
0
0
0
20
0
227
Dioxin/Furans
0
0
0
0.038
0
                                                                          0.027
0
0
0
0.086
0
0.15
Carbon Disulfide
0
0
0
41,982
0
                                                                          4,629
0
0
0
--
0
                                                                         46,611
Carbonyl Sulfide
0
0
0
54,636
0
                                                                         33,419
0
0
0
56,357
0
                                                                        144,412
Hydrochloric Acid
0
0
0
9,347
0
                                                                         13,442
0
0
0
491
0
                                                                         23,280
BTEX
0
0
0
19,903
0
                                                                        106,667
0
0
0
38,429
0
                                                                        164,999
Naphthalene
0
0
0
1,944
0
                                                                          1,692
0
0
0
3,752
0
                                                                          7,389
PAH
0
0
0
1,345
0
                                                                          1,238
0
0
0
1,358
0
                                                                          3,941
Sinter Plant Windbox Total
0
0
0
152,723
0
                                                                        161,358
0
0
0
100,852
0
                                                                        414,932
      Total
3,224
  2,287
  2,775
156,287
3,977
                                                                        163,716
3,490
2,125
2,100
108,186
5,612
                                                                        453,780
  Subtotal Sinter Plant

152,970

                                                                        161,489

101,523

                                                                        415,981
   Total - No Sinter
3,224
  2,287
  2,775
3,317
3,977
                                                                          2,227
3,490
2,125
2,100
6,664
5,612
                                                                         37,799

                                       
                                       
                                       
Table 7.  II&S RTR Point Source 2011 PM Filterable Emissions by Facility and Unit Type (tpy)
                                    acility
                              PM Filterable (tpy)
                                       
                                   BF/Tested
                                     BF/ 
                                   Estimated
                                   BF Stoves
                                 BOPF Primary
                                BOPF Secondary
                                     HMTDS
                               Ladle Metallurgy
                          Sinter Plant Discharge End
                             Sinter Plant Windbox
                                Facility Total
AKS-Ashland-KY
                                       
                                       7
                                       7
                                      27
                                      58
                                       
                                      0.3
                                       
                                       
                                      101
AKS Dearborn-MI
                                       5
                                       
                                       1
                                      33
                                      25
                                       2
                                       2
                                       
                                       
                                      68
AKS-Middletown-OH
                                       3
                                       
                                       6
                                      20
                                      16
                                      11
                                      0.3
                                       
                                       
                                      56
AM-BurnsHarbor-IN
                                       5
                                       
                                      38
                                      60
                                       7
                                       1
                                      0.2
                                      21
                                      229
                                      361
AM-Cleveland-OH
                                       
                                       7
                                       7
                                      60
                                      18
                                       4
                                       4
                                       
                                       
                                      101
AM-IndianaHarbor-E
                                      13
                                       
                                      20
                                      27
                                      34
                                       5
                                       1
                                       5
                                       6
                                      110
AM-IndianaHarbor-W
                                       2
                                       2
                                       8
                                      28
                                       
                                      16
                                       7
                                       
                                       
                                      63
USS-Braddock-PA
                                       6
                                       
                                      24
                                      15
                                       2
                                       2
                                      0.3
                                       
                                       
                                      50
USS-Ecorse-MI
                                      17
                                       
                                       6
                                      14
                                     0.04
                                      11
                                      0.1
                                       
                                       
                                      49
USS-Gary-IN
                                      12
                                      14
                                      239
                                      59
                                       6
                                       2
                                       2
                                      52
                                      10
                                      395
USS-GraniteCity-IL
                                      17
                                       
                                       3
                                      140
                                       
                                       8
                                      0.2
                                       
                                       
                                      168
                                  Unit Total
                                      80
                                      29
                                      361
                                      483
                                      168
                                      61
                                      17
                                      78
                                      245
                                       
                                 Overall Total
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                     1,520
Note: See the Data Memorandum for details on how the emissions were estimated and the units tested.+