Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0641-0008
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2012-01-27T05:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON D.C., 20460
                                   OFFICE OF
                   CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

                                                                               
                                                PC Code: 114004
                                                DP Barcodes: D384516
                                                Date:  August 30, 2010

MEMORANDUM       
                                                                                  
 	
SUBJECT:	Section 3 Registration for New Use of Amicarbazone on Turf Grasses Grown Nationwide. 

TO:	Kathryn Montague, Risk Manager (RM 23)
	Michael Walsh, Team Reviewer
	Product Registration Division (7505P) 	
		
FROM:	Stephen Carey, Biologist
	Andrew Shelby, Physical Scientist
	Environmental Risk Branch 6
              Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

THROUGH:	Mark Corbin, Branch Chief
	Environmental Risk Branch 6
              Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)	

 This memorandum transmits the Section 3 Ecological and Environmental Risk Conclusions, based on the Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicity Assessments for the proposed new use on turfgrasses to the labeling for Amicarbazone DF Herbicide (EPA Reg. No. 66330-46) to allow its use on golf courses, sod farm, school grounds, commercial and recreational turf grass, including residential turf grass and other turf areas and conifers in nurseries and field plantings, including Christmas trees. The maximum proposed annual application rate at 0.44 lb a.i./A per year is slightly lower than the current maximum annual rate, registered for application to field corn and corn grown for silage at 0.45 lb a.i./A per year. Additionally, the registrant has submitted conditional ecological effects data for the active ingredient on chronic toxicity to estuarine/marine fish (MRID 48237510) and acute dietary to bobwhite quail (MRID 48237511); data for the metabolites of amicarbazone (both desamino and N-methyl desamino) on bobwhite quail (MRIDs 48237514 & 48237515) and mallard reproduction (MRIDs 48237512 & 48237513) and on the emergence (MRID 48237516 & 48237517) and vigor (MRIDs 48237518, 48237519 & 48237520) of terrestrial plants required for registration. The study classification and results of the newly submitted data, including the data evaluation reports (DERs) are attached in Appendix VI. Ecological endpoints have not changed with the additional data except for acceptable endpoints for chronic toxicity to estuarine/marine fish and dietary toxicity to bobwhite quail, which did not impact the risk conclusions. Also, data on the metabolites suggests they are less toxic than the parent compound; thus, all ecological endpoints used in the assessment remain the same with the parent compound as the most toxic material which does not alter risk conclusions from the previous assessment. In that assessment, amicarbazone was found to present potential chronic risk to birds and mammals.  There is also the potential for risk to both terrestrial and aquatic plants.  Minimal risk was found for fish and aquatic invertebrates.  Further characterization can be found in the New Chemical assessment (DP Barcode D288631; USEPA 2005).
 
 1.	SUMMARY  -  USE CHARACTERIZATION 
      
Amicarbazone belongs to the triazolinone class of compounds and is a photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor with burn-down activity.  This portion of the photosynthesis cycle uses light energy to drive two chemical reactions: the oxidation of water and the reduction of plastoquinone.  No specific information is available on the mechanism of action of amicarbazone which affects the PS II process.  Current/proposal label language indicates that this herbicide is not to be used on coarse-textured soils (sand, loamy sand and sandy loam soils), or on soils with pH >7.4, such as calcareous soils. Amicarbazone is proposed to be applied as broadcast ground spray or via spot treatment using backpack sprayers at maximum rates of 1.0 -10.0 oz formulated product/acre/year (0.044 - 0.44 lb a.i/acre/year). The shortest reapplication interval is 7 days. A nonionic surfactant with at least 80% a.i. should be added at 0.25% v/v to the spray mix. Amicarbazone can be used as part of tank-mixes to control emerged weeds. The proposed maximum single application rate for turf is slightly less than the maximum single rate for currently registered corn uses.  Corn uses of amicarbazone currently registered are included in Table 1 for comparison. More information on the use characterization for corn can be found in D288631 (USEPA 2005).

Table 1.  Summary of Current and Proposed Uses of  Amicarbazone
                                      USE
                MAX SINGLE  APP. RATE             (lbs. a.i./A)
                                NUMBER OF APPS.
                              SEASONAL APP. RATE 
                                 (lbs. a.i./A)
                              APPLICATION METHOD
Proposed new use:
Turf grasses and Conifers
                                     0.44
                                      1 
                                     0.44
                                 Ground Spray
Current uses:
Corn
                                     0.45
                            1 (full) or 2  (split)
                                     0.45
                                 Ground Spray

2.	SUMMARY  -  ENVIRONMENTAL FATE 

Amicarbazone is moderately persistent in the environment as it eventually transforms by biotic mechanisms (t(1/2)= 87 days; aerobic soil metabolism).  Under acidic and neutral environments, amicarbazone is stable to hydrolysis, but transforms slowly under alkaline conditions.  Photolysis also occurs slowly for amicarbazone in water and on soil with half-lives on the order of about two months, estimated for outdoor environmental conditions.   The primary transformation products of amicarbazone are Des-amino: N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-5- oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide; N-methyl Des-amino: N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazole-carboxamide; and Decarboxamide: 4-amino-2,4-dihydro-5-(1-methylethyl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one.   

Amicarbazone has a low vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant; therefore, volatilization from water and soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process.  The moderate persistence and high mobility of amicarbazone in soil make leaching of this compound to lower soil horizons and groundwater possible. Likewise, leaching and possible ground water contamination with amicarbazone's major three metabolites are possible due to their apparent long persistence and high mobility.  Small scale prospective groundwater studies have been requested and submitted to the Agency.  

Amicarbazone is not to be applied on soils with pH values higher than 7.4.  Therefore, the fate of the chemical under neutral and acidic conditions only is considered in this assessment.  In such environments, two major amicarbazone transformation products (Des-amino and N-methyl Des-amino) are expected to be formed.  In metabolism studies, these metabolites increase in concentration to the end of study.  Given the moderate persistence/high mobility and solubility of the parent compound and the apparent high persistence/high mobility of the two transformation products, both amicarbazone and its first two transformation products are expected to dissipate slowly and at the same time be vulnerable to leaching/run-off.   Hydrolysis studies on the des-amino and N-methyl des-amino metabolites indicate stability at environmental relevant temperatures and pH (MRIDs 48073601 and 48237506).  If amicarbazone is transported into alkaline ground water, surface water bodies and/or soils, the third transformation product (Decarboxamide) may be formed since this was the only major metabolite identified in the base-catalyzed hydrolytic transformation of amicarbazone.  

Parent amicarbazone only is considered in this assessment due to: 1) a freshwater green algae study indicating the des-amino metabolite is less toxic than parent; 2) four avian reproduction studies indicating the metabolites, des-amino and N-methyl, are less toxic than the parent; and 3) seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies indicating the metabolites, des-amino and N-methyl, are less toxic than the parent.  To represent new uses on turf and conifers across the conterminous United States, nine PRZM scenarios were utilized with the Florida Nursery scenario resulting in the highest EECs of all scenarios.  

Table 2. PRZM/EXAMS input parameter values for amicarbazone use on turf and conifers
                               PARAMETER (units)
                                   VALUE(S)
                                    SOURCE
                                    COMMENT
Application Rate (kg a.i./ha)
                                 Parent: 0.490
                                       
                                Product label; 
Represents the maximum possible single application rate per crop season (year) for all new uses.  
Number of Applications
                                       1
                                       
Maximum single application rate equals maximum annual application.  Multiple applications at lower rates are possible only a single application can be done at the maximum rate
Molecular weight (g/mol)
                                  Parent: 241
                                       
                               Product Chemistry
                                       -
Henry's Law Constant (atm-m[3]/mol)
                                 1.5 x 10[-12]
                                       
   (Vapor Pressure [torr]/760)/(Solubility [mg/L]/Molecular Weight [g/mol])
Vapor Pressure (torr)
                                 2.2 x 10[-8]
                                       
                                       -
Solubility in Water @ 20 [O]C, (mg/L or ppm)
                                    4,600 
                               Product Chemistry
                                       - 
Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient  (mL/g)
                                     16.7
                                       
                    45121719; 45121732; 45121801; 45121733
KOC ranges from 16.7 to 37.0.  Lowest non-sand KOC used for modeling.  KOC is correlated to KD (r[2] = 0.62).
CAM (Chemical Application Method)
                                       1
                                       
                  ground spray; pre-emergence, unincorporated
Depth of Incorporation (inches)
                                       0
                                 Product label
                                       - 
Application efficiency (decimal)
                                     0.99
                                       
                                       
Spray drift fraction (decimal)
                                     0.01
                                       
                                       
Application date
                                    March 1
                                       
Spring applications are stipulated on the label for turf and conifers.  Two spring applications were modeled.   The indicated date resulted in highest EECs
Hydrolysis Half-life (days)
                                    Stable
                                   45121730 
                                       
Aqueous Photolysis Half-life @ pH 7 (days)
                                    Stable
                                   45121803
                                       
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                      140
                                       

                     2x Aerobic Soil Metabolism half-life
Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                    Stable
                                   45121724
                                       
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                     69.9
                                       
                              45121731; 48237507
90[th] percentile average of 5 half-life estimates: 36.7 days, 40.3 days, 42.8 days, 68 days and 87 days

Estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) resulting from the above input parameters are can be found in the following table.  Results from the Florida Nursery scenario are used for risk estimation with EECs of 8.97 ppb (peak), 7.48 ppb (21-day exposure), and 6.21 ppb (60-day exposure).  The previous assessment for use of amicarbazone on corn resulted in EECs of 33.78 ppb (peak), 33.53 ppb (21-day exposure), and 29.14 ppb (60-day exposure).  PRZM/EXAMS output can be found attached in Appendix III.

Table 3.  PRZM/EXAMS EECs for amicarbazone use on turf and conifers
Scenario
Application date
Peak (ppb)
21-day exposure (ppb)
60-day exposure (ppb)
CA Nursery
February 15
6.32
6.10
5.78

March 1
3.76
3.58
3.33
FL Turf
February 15
0.47
0.46
0.43

March 1
0.49
0.46
0.42
FL Nursery
February 15
5.17
4.70
4.29

March 1
8.97
7.48
6.21
MI Nursery
February 15
2.67
2.56
2.30

March 1
3.84
3.61
3.30
NJ Nursery
February 15
4.79
4.58
4.38

March 1
5.07
4.94
4.67
OR Christmas tree
February 15
1.11
1.07
1.00

March 1
0.80
0.78
0.75
OR Nursery
February 15
1.99
1.94
1.84

March 1
1.68
1.64
1.57
PA Turf
February 15
0.58
0.58
0.56

March 1
0.81
0.79
0.77
TN Nursery
February 15
5.59
5.34
4.42

March 1
5.91
5.69
4.86

3.	SUMMARY  -  ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS

Results of acute toxicity studies indicate that technical grade amicarbazone (amicarbazone TGAI) is practically non-toxic to honey bees, slightly toxic to mammals, and slightly toxic to practically non-toxic to birds. New data on the acute dietary with bobwhite quail indicates amicarbazone is practically non-toxic to birds (LC50 >5690 mg a.i./kg diet).  However, results of chronic toxicity studies show that longer-term exposure to amicarbazone TGAI and the two metabolites, desamino amicarbazone and N-methyl desamino amicarbazone, result in adverse effects on growth and reproductive parameters in birds. In addition, exposing the TGAI to parents and offspring in mammals resulted in reduced growth parameters.  No data are available to characterize the effects of amicarbazone metabolites in mammals or insects; however, the bird reproduction studies indicate the metabolites are 6 to 38 times less toxic than the parent compound.  No data with passerine birds are available; an acute oral passerine bird study is required to satisfy EPA guideline requirements. 

Results of Tier 2 seedling emergence and vegetative vigor terrestrial plant studies with the amicarbazone formulated product MKH 3586 70 WG show that both monocots and dicots are sensitive to exposure, with dicots appearing more sensitive.  Tier 2 seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies with the amicarbazone metabolites (Des-amino and N-methyl) exhibited some effects; however, both are approximately 2-fold less toxic than the parent compound. 

Toxicity studies demonstrate that amicarbazone TGAI is practically non-toxic on an acute basis to freshwater and estuarine/marine fish, slightly toxic to freshwater invertebrates, and slightly toxic to practically non-toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates.   Longer-term exposure of aquatic animals to amicarbazone produces adverse effects on growth parameters in freshwater fish and on growth and reproductive parameters in freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates.  New data indicates longer-term exposure of estuarine/marine fish to amicarbazone resulted in no effects as high as 2.3 mg a.i./L. No data are available to characterize the effects of amicarbazone metabolites in aquatic animals but with the parent persistent and stable to hydrolysis, the metabolites are expected to have a minimal impact on aquatic animals in acidic or neutral surface waters. However, the alkaline hydrolysis metabolite, Decarboxamide, may be formed in alkaline surface waters. No data for the alkaline metabolite, Decarboxamide, is available; however, because current/proposal label language prohibit applying on coarse-textured soils (sand, loamy sand and sandy loam soils), or on soils with pH >7.4, such as calcareous soils; data on the effect of the alkaline metabolite to aquatic organisms is not required at this time.

In the aquatic environment, amicarbazone appears to be particularly toxic to algae, but produces adverse effects on survival and growth in both algae and vascular plants. The results of a single study assessing the toxicity of the amicarbazone metabolite Des-amino in Selenastrum capricornutum (a freshwater green algae), indicate that Des-amino is 16-fold less toxic than the parent compound.

An updated toxicity profile for amicarbazone can be found in Appendix I.

4.		SUMMARY  -  RISK CONCLUSIONS

The ecological assessment for amicarbazone as a new chemical has a slightly higher application rate, 0.45 lb a.i./A than the proposed new use:  a maximum single application rate of 0.44 lb a.i./A, applied as a ground spray.  The crop scenarios for turf and conifers lead to slightly lower exposure estimates, but the change is not significant enough to alter previous risk conclusions.  Environmental exposure inputs and ecological endpoints have not changed significantly, so the conclusions from the New Chemical assessment remain relevant for the current proposal (DP Barcode D288631).  A complete endangered species analysis for these conclusions is included in that document as well; a summary of the expected effects to listed species is provided below.

      4.1.	Risk to Aquatic Organisms and Plants

The previous assessment as a New Chemical for amicarbazone concluded that there was negligible risk to aquatic organisms and vascular plants (duckweed) except for algae at a Tier II level, where exposure estimates are dependent on crop specific scenarios as well as on application rates. Additionally, newly submitted data with estuarine/marine fish indicate chronic risks to these organisms are expected to below the levels of concern (Appendix II). Given negligible changes in the risk picture, the previous risk conclusions can still apply to the proposed new use, as presented in Table 4. The results of the new risk quotients (RQs) for aquatic organisms using scenarios for turf and conifers are lower than corn uses but do not alter the risk conclusions and can be found in Appendix II.   

TABLE 4.  Summary of Environmental Risk Conclusions for Aquatic Organisms and Plants
                              Assessment Endpoint
                                LOC Exceedances
                       Summarized Risk Characterization
Acute Risk to 
Freshwater & Estuarine/Marine
Fish and Invertebrates
None
Acute RQs =
At the peak EECs, there are no exceedances of the Non-listed Species Acute Risk, Acute Restricted Use, or Listed Species Acute Risk LOCs for freshwater and estuarine/marine fish or invertebrates. The acute toxicity values [ranging from 40,000 to 120,000 ug/L] are at least three orders of magnitude higher than the peak EEC.
Chronic Risk to
Freshwater 
Fish and Invertebrates
None
Chronic RQs = 
There are no Listed and Non-listed Chronic LOC exceedances for freshwater fish or invertebrates.  The highest 21- and 60-day EECs in surface water are at least two orders of magnitude lower than the lowest toxicity values, for rainbow trout (NOAEC of 7300 ug/L) and daphnids (LOAEC of 252 ug/L). 

Uncertainty: 
An uncertainty exists for chronic exposure of the TGAI to freshwater invertebrates because effects were observed at the lowest concentration in the test; thus, the non-definitive NOAEC could not be used to assess risk to freshwater invertebrates. A closer look shows that a NOAEC would need to be 7.48 ug a.i./L or 34 times lower to yield an RQ that exceeds the Listed and Non-listed Chronic LOC of 1.   
Chronic Risk to 
Estuarine/Marine 
Fish and Invertebrates
None
Chronic RQs =
There are no Listed and Non-listed Chronic LOC exceedances for freshwater fish or invertebrates.  The highest 21- and 60-day EECs in surface water are at least two orders of magnitude lower than the lowest toxicity values, for Sheepshead minnow (NOAEC of 2300 ug/L) and mysids (NOAEC of 5000 ug/L). 
Risk to Aquatic Vascular Plants
None
Vascular Plant RQs = 
At the peak EEC, there are no exceedances of the Non-Listed Plant or Listed Plant LOCs for vascular plants inhabiting water bodies.  The non-listed plant and listed plant toxicity values [210 to 40.6 ug/L] average one order of magnitude higher than the highest peak EECs.
Risk to Aquatic Non-Vascular Plants
Listed Plant
Non-Vascular Plant RQs = 
There is an exceedance of the listed plant LOC for non-vascular plants with RQs as high as 1.6. The non-listed plant LOC is not exceeded (RQ = 0.5).

      4.2.	Risk to Terrestrial Wildlife and Plants

For terrestrial plants and animals, risk conclusions are not crop dependent and so the conclusions for the corn use, summarized in Table 5 below, also apply to the proposed new use. Details of the risk conclusions and its calculations for the corn use risk assessment on birds, mammals and plants based on a maximum single application rate of 0.4484 lb a.i./A can be found in Appendix IV for birds and mammals and Appendix V for plants.

TABLE 5.  Summary of Environmental Risk Conclusions for Terrestrial Wildlife and Plants
                              Assessment Endpoint
                                LOC Exceedances
                       Summarized Risk Characterization
Acute Risk to 
Birds 
None
Acute RQs =
The acute RQs range <0.01 to <0.088 for all weight classes of birds consuming all feed types were less than the Listed and Non-listed Acute LOCs, indicating risk adverse effects is minimal.
 
Using the dietary-based LC50, no Listed and Non-listed Species Acute LOCs were exceeded (RQs range <0.001 to <0.01) .
Chronic Risk to 
Birds 
Listed and Non-listed Species Chronic LOC
Chronic RQs = 
Using the dietary-based NOAEC, the Listed and Non-listed Species Chronic LOC was exceeded for birds consuming short grasses at the maximum application rate of 0.45 lb a.i./A (RQ = 3.97), broadleaf plants/small insects (RQ = 2.23), and tall grass (RQ = 1.82) and maximum predicted residues.   No risks were observed for birds feeding on fruit, pods, seeds, large insects (RQ = 0.25).
Acute Risk to 
Mammals 
None
Acute RQs =
The acute RQs range <0.001 to <0.043 for all weight classes of mammals consuming all feed types were less than the Listed and Non-listed Acute LOCs, indicating risk adverse effects is minimal.
Chronic Risk to 
Mammals
Listed and Non-listed Species 
and Chronic LOCs
Chronic RQs =
At maximum predicted residue levels and maximum application rate of 0.45 lb a.i./A, the dose-based RQs exceeded the Listed and Non-listed Species Chronic LOC for all weight classes of mammals (15, 35, 1000 g) consuming short grasses (RQs range 3.28 to 7.27), tall grasses (RQs range 1.5  -  3.33) and broadleaf forage/small insects (RQs range 1.84 to 4.09).  No risks were observed for mammals feeding on fruits, pods, seeds, large insects (RQs range 0.05  -  0.45). 

Dietary-based RQs exceed the Listed and Non-listed Species Chronic LOC only for mammals consuming short grasses (RQ = 1.08).
Non-target Pollinators 
None likely
Low toxicity to bees.  
Terrestrial Plants
Listed and Non-listed Plant LOCs
Non-listed Plant Species RQ=
The LOC was exceeded for non-listed monocots and dicots located in semi-aquatic areas exposed adjacent to treatment for dicots (RQ = 7.6) and for monocots (RQ = 2.29). For spray drift alone, the LOC was only exceeded for dicots (RQ = 1.21). No RQs exceeded the LOC for emergence of plants in adjacent dry areas (RQ = 0.27 for monocots; RQ = 0.9 for dicots). 

Listed Plant Species RQ=
The LOC was exceeded for listed monocots and dicots located in semi-aquatic areas exposed adjacent to treatment (RQ = 6.7 for monocots and 14.29 for dicots). For plants in adjacent dry areas, the LOC was exceeded only for dicots (RQ = 1.68). For spray drift alone, RQ for dicots exceed the LOC (RQ = 2.24), but no RQs for monocots (RQ = 0.28) exceed the LOC. 

Additions: 
Results of the AgDRIFT model show that the distance of the risk to listed plants via spray drift can range from 7 feet to 492 feet off the edge of treated site. That is, beyond 492 ft from the treated field, the RQ values are below the LOC of 1.
      
 5.	SUMMARY  -  LISTED SPECIES (Direct and Indirect Effects)
 
Based on estimated maximum application rates, exposure levels and available effects data, amicarbazone used as an herbicide for control of certain annual grasses and annual broadleaf weeds and sedges on turf grass sites indicates direct effects LOC exceedances for birds, mammals, and terrestrial plants including alga. Therefore, there is a potential for indirect effects to listed animal and plant taxa that depend on those taxa directly at risk when exposed to amicarbazone as pollinators or seed dispersers, mammal or reptile burrows for habitat, feeding, or cover requirements, and for survival, growth, or reproduction. Listed species potentially at risk from direct or indirect effects from exposure to amicarbazone are presented in Table 6.
 
Table 6.  Potential listed species risks associated with direct or indirect effects due to the use of amicarbazone on turf and conifers. 
Listed Taxon
Direct Effects from Acute Exposures
Direct Effects from Chronic Exposures
Indirect Effects
                                    Aquatic
Aquatic non-vascular plants
                                      Yes
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Aquatic vascular plants
                                      No 
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Freshwater invertebrates
                                      No
                                      No
                                      Yes
Marine/estuarine invertebrates
                                      No
                                      No
                                      Yes
Freshwater fish
                                      No
                                      No
                                      Yes
Marine/estuarine fish
                                      No
                                      No
                                      Yes
Aquatic-phase amphibians
                                      No
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                  Terrestrial
Semi-aquatic plants - monocots
                                      Yes
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Semi-aquatic plants - dicots
                                      Yes
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Terrestrial plants  -  monocots
                                      No
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Terrestrial plants - dicots
                                      Yes
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Insects
                                      No
                                      N/A
                                      Yes
Birds
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Terrestrial-phase amphibians
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Reptiles
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Mammals
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
N/A - indicates that this exposure route is not assessed.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 APPENDIX I. AMICARBAZONE TOXICITY PROFILE
 
Appendix I.  Amicarbazone Toxicity Profile for Aquatic Organisms and Plants
Species 
(scientific name)
Test Material
Endpoint
Mean-Measured Conc. (mg a.i./L)
Study Classification
Reference
(MRID)
Freshwater Fish
Oncorhynchus mykiss
(Rainbow trout)
TGAI
LC50
>120.4[A]
Supplemental
45121807
Lepomis macrochirus
(Bluegill sunfish)
TGAI
LC50
>128.5
Supplemental
45121804
Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow)
TGAI
NOAEC
7.3
Acceptable
45121602
Freshwater Invertebrates
Daphnia  magna
(Water flea)
TGAI
EC50
40.8
Acceptable
45121808

TGAI
LOAEC
0.252
Supplemental
45121822
Estuarine/marine Fish
Cyprinodon variegatus
(Sheepshead minnow)
TGAI
LC50
>118
Acceptable
45121806

NOAEC
2.3 mg a.i./L
Acceptable
48237510
Estuarine/marine Invertebrates
Crassostrea gigas
(Pacific oyster)
TGAI
EC50
>63
Supplemental
45121809
Mysidopsis bahia
(Mysid shrimp)
TGAI
LC50
109.7
Acceptable
45121810

TGAI
NOAEC
5.0
Supplemental
45121601
Aquatic Plants
Lemna gibba (Duckweed)
TGAI
EC50
0.21
Acceptable
45121805

NOAEC
0.0406

Navicula pelliculosa
 (Diatom)
TGAI
EC50
0.1
Acceptable
45121812

NOAEC
0.098

Anabaena flos-aquae
(Blue-green algae)
TGAI
EC50
0.186
Acceptable
45121825

NOAEC
0.017

Skeletonema costatum
(Marine diatom)
TGAI
EC50
0.017
Acceptable
45121818

NOAEC
0.0057

Selenastrum capricornutum
(Green algae)
TGAI
EC50
0.084
Acceptable
45121820

NOAEC
0.013

Deg of TGAI
(Desamino)
EC50
>1.35
Acceptable
45121827

NOAEC
1.35

 
 
 
Appendix I.  Amicarbazone Toxicity Profile for Terrestrial Wildlife and Plants
Species
(common name)
Test Material
Endpoint
Mean Concentration
(Endpoint affected)
Study Classification
Reference (MRID)
                                   WILDLIFE
Upland Game Birds and Waterfowls
Colinus virginianus
(Northern bobwhite quail)
TGAI
LD50
1965 mg a.i./kg bw
Supplemental
45121811

LC50
>5690 mg a.i./kg diet
Acceptable
48237511

NOAEC
27.1 mg a.i./kg diet
(reduction in no. of viable embryos and % hatchling per eggs set)
Acceptable 
45121819

Deg of TGAI
(Desamino)
NOAEC
1030 mg a.i./kg diet
Acceptable
48237515

Deg of TGAI (N-Methyl Desamino)
NOAEC
413 mg a.i./kg diet
(hatchling and survivor body weights)
Acceptable
48237514
Anas platyrhynchos
(Mallard duck)
TGAI
LD50
See bobwhite quail data
N/A
N/A

LC50
>10536 mg a.i./kg diet
Acceptable
45121815

NOAEC
27.1 mg a.i./kg diet
(decreased eggshell thickness)
Acceptable 
45121814

Deg of TGAI
(Desamino)
NOAEC
159 mg a.i./kg diet
(numerous endpoints affected) 
Acceptable
48237512

Deg of TGAI (N-Methyl Desamino)
NOAEC
<161 mg a.i./kg diet
(numerous endpoints affected)
Supplemental
48237513
Passerine Birds
No data
TGAI
LD50
No data
No data
No data
Mammals
Rattus norvegicus
(laboratory rat)
TGAI
LD50
1087 mg a.i./kg bw
Acceptable
45121605

NOAEC
Systemic = 6.4/7.3 
Reproductive = 73.2/84.0
Offspring = 6.4/7.3 mg/kg/day
[6.4 mg/kg/day equivalent to 100 mg/kg diet]
Acceptable
45121625
Terrestrial Insects
Apis mellifera
(Honeybee)
TGAI
LD50
24.4 ug a.i./bee
Supplemental
45121816
                              TERRESTRIAL PLANTS
Seedling Emergence
Monocot; Onion
TEP
EC25
0.1 lb a.i./A
Acceptable
45121821

EC05[1]
0.034 lb a.i./A

Dicot; Sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris)

EC25
0.03 lb a.i./A

NOAEC
0.016 lb a.i./A

Monocot; Wheat
Deg of TEP (N-Methyl Desamino)
EC25
>0.418 lb a.i./A
Acceptable
48237517

NOAEC
0.00493 lb a.i./A

Dicot; Sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris)

EC25
0.0866 lb a.i./A

EC05[1]
0.00465 lb a.i./A

Monocot; Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Deg of TEP (Desamino)
EC25
>0.38 lb a.i./A
Acceptable
48237516

NOAEC
0.0049 lb a.i./A

Dicot; Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

EC25
0.16 lb a.i./A

NOAEC
0.061 lb a.i./A

Vegetative Vigor
Monocot: Onion
TEP
EC25
0.026 lb a.i./A
Acceptable
45121821

NOAEC
0.016 lb a.i./A

Dicot; Buckwheat

EC25
0.0037 lb a.i./A

NOAEC
0.002 lb a.i./A

Monocot; Corn
Deg of TEP (N-Methyl Desamino)
EC25
>0.457 lb a.i./A
Acceptable
48237518

NOAEC
0.457 lb a.i./A

Dicot; Sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris)

EC25
0.0251 lb a.i./A

NOAEC
0.00532 lb a.i./A

Monocot; Wheat (Triticum astivum)
Deg of TEP
(Desamino)
EC25
>0.30 lb a.i/A
Acceptable
48237520

NOAEC
0.019 lb a.i./A

Dicot; Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

EC25
0.318 lb a.i./A

EC05*
0.122 lb a.i./A

A  Values in bold for each taxonomic groups are used in the risk assessment to assess acute and/or chronic risk to these groups
[1] An EC05 is used when the NOAEC is below the lowest test concentration or above the EC25.
* NOAEC was <0.0057 lb a.i./A
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 APPENDIX II. AQUATIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR TURF USES
 

            A. Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates

Table II1. Tier II Risk Quotients for Freshwater Organisms for Proposed Amicarbazone Use on Turf   [1, 2]
                                      Use
 PRZM
Scenario
Peak EEC
21D EEC
60D EEC
Freshwater Fish
(LC50 >120.4 mg a.i./L ; NOAEC = 7.3 mg a.i./L) 
Freshwater Invertebrate
(EC50 = 40.8 mg a.i./L ; LOAEC = 0.252 mg a.i./L*)

                                  ug a.i./L
                                   Acute[4]
                                  Chronic[5]
                                   Acute[6]
                                  Chronic[7]
Turf and Conifers
FL nursery[3]
                                     8.97
                                     7.48
                                     6.21
                                   <0.01
                                    <0.1
                                   <0.01
                                     0.03
[1] LOC exceedances are bolded (Endangered Species LOC > 0.05; Acute Restricted LOC > 0.1; Acute Risk > 0.5 and Chronic LOC >1). 
[2] EECs from Section 2.
3 Highest exposure scenario selected for new non-crop uses (turf and conifers) based on a suite of PRZM/EXAMS scenarios modeled at 1 application at 0.044 lb a.i./A
* The LOAEC was used as a surrogate for the NOAEC. The NOAEC was <0.252 mg/L, a non-definitive endpoint.
[4] RQ = peak EEC / fish LC50; [5] RQ = 60-Day EEC / fish NOAEC; [6] RQ = peak EEC / invertebrate EC50; [7] RQ = 21-Day EEC / invertebrate NOAEC

		B.	    Estuarine/Marine Fish and Invertebrates
                  	 
Table II2. Tier II Risk Quotients for Estuarine/marine Organisms for Proposed Amicarbazone Use on Turf  [1, 2]
Use
PRZM
Scenario
Peak EEC
21D EEC
60D EEC
Marine/Estuarine Fish 
(LC50 >118 mg a.i./L
NOAEC = 2.3 mg a.i./L)
Marine/Estuarine Invertebrate
(EC50 = 109.7 mg a.i./L;
NOAEC = 5 mg a.i./L)

                                  ug a.i./L
Acute[4]
Chronic[5]
Acute[6]
Chronic[7]
Turf and Conifers
FL nursery[3]
                                     8.97
                                     7.48
                                     6.21
                                   <0.01
                                    <0.1
                                   <0.01
                                    <0.1
[1] LOC exceedances are bolded (Endangered Species LOC > 0.05; Acute Restricted LOC > 0.1; Acute Risk > 0.5 and Chronic LOC >1). 
[2] EECs from Section 2.
3 Highest exposure scenario selected for new non-crop uses (turf and conifers) based on a suite of PRZM/EXAMS scenarios modeled at 1 application of 0.44 lb a.i./A 
[4] RQ = peak EEC / fish LC50; [5] RQ = 60-Day EEC / fish NOAEC; [6] RQ = peak EEC / invertebrate EC50; [7] RQ = 21-Day EEC / invertebrate NOAEC

		

		C.	Aquatic Plants

Table II3. Tier II Risk Quotients for Proposed Amicarbazone Use on Turf  [1,2]
Use
PRZM Scenario
Peak EEC
(ug a.i./L) 
Vascular Aquatic Plant
(EC50 = 210 ug a.i./L
NOAEC = 40.6 ug a.i./L)
Non-Vascular Aquatic Plant
(EC50 = 17 ug a.i./L;
NOAEC = 5.7 ug a.i./L)

Non-target[4]
Listed[5]
Non-target[6]
Listed[7]
Turf and Conifers
FL nursery[3]
                                     8.97
                                     0.04
                                      0.2
                                      0.5
                                      1.6
[1] LOC exceedances are bolded (Non-listed plant LOC > 1; Listed plant LOC > 1). 
[2] EECs from Section 2.
3 Based on highest exposure scenario modeled for turf and conifers (1 app at 0.44 lb a.i./A)
[4] RQ = peak EEC / vascular EC50; [5] RQ = peak EEC / vascular NOAEC; [6] RQ = peak EEC / non-vascular EC50; [7] RQ = peak EEC / non-vascular NOAEC
 
 
 
 
 
 APPENDIX III. PRZM/EXAMS OUTPUT FOR TURF USE

stored as FLnursery31.out
Chemical: amicarbazone
PRZM environment: FLnurserySTD.txt	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:38
EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08
Metfile: w12839.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:20
Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly
1961	1.963	1.938	1.844	1.64	1.405	0.5188
1962	1.71	1.692	1.622	1.491	1.396	0.5745
1963	0.344	0.341	0.328	0.3156	0.306	0.1529
1964	0.2912	0.2871	0.2732	0.2533	0.2475	0.09762
1965	3.698	3.634	3.381	2.961	2.726	1.087
1966	0.5703	0.5626	0.5403	0.4792	0.4328	0.1585
1967	0.4355	0.4313	0.4141	0.3755	0.3337	0.1234
1968	0.2622	0.2596	0.2468	0.235	0.2109	0.06323
1969	0.5983	0.5932	0.5611	0.4992	0.4482	0.1659
1970	2.569	2.539	2.431	2.177	1.833	0.6754
1971	0.3862	0.3831	0.37	0.3412	0.3344	0.1621
1972	1.414	1.397	1.329	1.211	1.03	0.3462
1973	0.3733	0.3695	0.3507	0.313	0.2988	0.136
1974	2.924	2.888	2.718	2.382	2.162	0.8415
1975	0.4087	0.4051	0.3908	0.3588	0.3386	0.1831
1976	2.098	2.063	1.979	1.583	1.328	0.5076
1977	1.933	1.912	1.829	1.659	1.312	0.4042
1978	4.795	4.74	4.604	4.133	3.72	1.655
1979	4.787	4.227	3.297	2.649	2.305	1.018
1980	15.3	14.96	13.66	10.72	8.888	3.309
1981	0.6338	0.6291	0.6097	0.5819	0.5447	0.3006
1982	1.869	1.84	1.728	1.299	1.03	0.3424
1983	0.8761	0.8674	0.8344	0.7647	0.7004	0.2867
1984	11.91	11.53	10.47	8.44	6.853	2.293
1985	0.6998	0.6936	0.6664	0.6181	0.581	0.286
1986	9.432	9.084	7.799	6.441	5.527	1.999
1987	1.246	1.232	1.174	1.073	0.9882	0.4655
1988	0.4866	0.4779	0.4576	0.3863	0.3447	0.158
1989	0.2805	0.2779	0.2674	0.245	0.2284	0.09557
1990	0.3143	0.3073	0.2769	0.2538	0.2209	0.08319

Sorted results
Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly
0.032258064516129	15.3	14.96	13.66	10.72	8.888	3.309
0.0645161290322581	11.91	11.53	10.47	8.44	6.853	2.293
0.0967741935483871	9.432	9.084	7.799	6.441	5.527	1.999
0.129032258064516	4.795	4.74	4.604	4.133	3.72	1.655
0.161290322580645	4.787	4.227	3.381	2.961	2.726	1.087
0.193548387096774	3.698	3.634	3.297	2.649	2.305	1.018
0.225806451612903	2.924	2.888	2.718	2.382	2.162	0.8415
0.258064516129032	2.569	2.539	2.431	2.177	1.833	0.6754
0.290322580645161	2.098	2.063	1.979	1.659	1.405	0.5745
0.32258064516129	1.963	1.938	1.844	1.64	1.396	0.5188
0.354838709677419	1.933	1.912	1.829	1.583	1.328	0.5076
0.387096774193548	1.869	1.84	1.728	1.491	1.312	0.4655
0.419354838709677	1.71	1.692	1.622	1.299	1.03	0.4042
0.451612903225806	1.414	1.397	1.329	1.211	1.03	0.3462
0.483870967741936	1.246	1.232	1.174	1.073	0.9882	0.3424
0.516129032258065	0.8761	0.8674	0.8344	0.7647	0.7004	0.3006
0.548387096774194	0.6998	0.6936	0.6664	0.6181	0.581	0.2867
0.580645161290323	0.6338	0.6291	0.6097	0.5819	0.5447	0.286
0.612903225806452	0.5983	0.5932	0.5611	0.4992	0.4482	0.1831
0.645161290322581	0.5703	0.5626	0.5403	0.4792	0.4328	0.1659
0.67741935483871	0.4866	0.4779	0.4576	0.3863	0.3447	0.1621
0.709677419354839	0.4355	0.4313	0.4141	0.3755	0.3386	0.1585
0.741935483870968	0.4087	0.4051	0.3908	0.3588	0.3344	0.158
0.774193548387097	0.3862	0.3831	0.37	0.3412	0.3337	0.1529
0.806451612903226	0.3733	0.3695	0.3507	0.3156	0.306	0.136
0.838709677419355	0.344	0.341	0.328	0.313	0.2988	0.1234
0.870967741935484	0.3143	0.3073	0.2769	0.2538	0.2475	0.09762
0.903225806451613	0.2912	0.2871	0.2732	0.2533	0.2284	0.09557
0.935483870967742	0.2805	0.2779	0.2674	0.245	0.2209	0.08319
0.967741935483871	0.2622	0.2596	0.2468	0.235	0.2109	0.06323

0.1	8.9683	8.6496	7.4795	6.2102	5.3463	1.9646
					Average of yearly averages:	0.616330333333333

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:
Output File: FLnursery31
Metfile:	w12839.dvf
PRZM scenario:	FLnurserySTD.txt
EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv
Chemical Name:	amicarbazone
Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments
Molecular weight	mwt	241	g/mol
Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.5E-12	atm-m^3/mol
Vapor Pressure	vapr	2.2E-8	torr
Solubility	sol	4600	mg/L
Kd	Kd		mg/L
Koc	Koc	16.7	mg/L
Photolysis half-life	kdp	0	days	Half-life
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	140	days	Halfife
Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife
Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	69.9	days	Halfife
Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life
Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual
Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm
Application Rate:	TAPP	0.49	kg/ha
Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction
Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond
Application Date	Date	01-03	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm
Record 17:	FILTRA	
	IPSCND	1
	UPTKF	
Record 18:	PLVKRT	
	PLDKRT	
	FEXTRC	0.5
Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond
Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF		none, monthly or total(average of entire run)
  APPENDIX IV.  T-REX v. 1.4.1 (Terrestrial Exposure Model for Birds and Mammals) Input and Output	
 
Corn/Turf Use  -  Upper Bound (1 x 0.45 lb ai/A x 35D Half-life)
                Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation
                                                                 Chemical Name:
                                 Amicarbazone
                                                                           Use:
                                     Corn
                                                                   Formulation:
                                       
                                                              Application Rate:
                                0.4484 lbs ai/A
                                                                     Half-life:
                                    35 days
                                                          Application Interval:
                                      N/A
                                                          Maximum # Apps./Year:
                                 1 application
                                                          Length of Simulation:
                                    1 year
                                       
Endpoints
Avian
                                     Quail
                                LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
                                     1965
                                       
                                     Quail
                               LC50 (mg/kg-diet)
                                   >5690
                                       
                                       
                                NOAEL(mg/kg-bw)
                                     0.00
                                       
                                     Quail
                              NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)
                                     27.1
                                       
Mammals
                                      Rat
                                LD50 (mg/kg-bw)
                                     1087
                                       
                                       
                               LC50 (mg/kg-diet)
                                     0.00
                                       
                                      Rat
                               NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)
                                      6.4

                                      Rat
                              NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)
                                      100

Dietary-Based EECs 
                                  Food Items
                                Upper Bound EEC
                                  (mg ai/kg)
                                   Mean EEC
                                  (mg ai/kg)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants
Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods
                                    107.62
                                     49.32
                                     60.53
                                     6.73
                                     8.11
                                     16.14
                                     20.18
                                     3.14
                                       

AVIAN EECs and ADJUSTED LD50s

                                  Avian Class
                                Body Weight (g)
                               Ingestion (Fdry)
                                  (g bw/day)
                               Ingestion (Fwet)
                                    (g/day)
                                  % body wgt
                                   consumed
                                      FI
                                 (kg-diet/day)
                                     Small
                                      20
                                       5
                                      23
                                      114
                                   2.28E-02
                                      Mid
                                      100
                                      13
                                      65
                                      65
                                   6.49E-02
                                     Large
                                     1000
                                      58
                                      291
                                      29
                                   2.91E-01

                                 Avian Body   
                                  Weight (g)
                                 Adjusted LD50
                                  (mg/kg-bw)
                                      20
                                    1415.64
                                      100
                                    1802.19
                                     1000
                                    2545.66

Dose-based EECs  (mg/kg-bw)
                                  Food items
                        Avian Classes and Body Weights
                                       
                                     small
                                      mid
                                     large
                                       
                                     20 g
                                     100 g
                                    1000 g
                            Upper Bound EEC (mg/kg)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants
Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods
                                    122.56
                                     69.89
                                     31.29

                                     56.18
                                     32.03
                                     14.34

                                     68.94
                                     39.31
                                     17.60

                                     7.66
                                     4.37
                                     1.96
                               Mean EEC (mg/kg)
Short Grass
Tall Grass
Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants
Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods
                                     43.41
                                     24.75
                                     11.08

                                     18.38
                                     10.48
                                     4.69

                                     22.98
                                     13.10
                                     5.87

                                     3.57
                                     2.04
                                     0.91

MAMMALIAN EECs and ADJUSTED LD50s

                                       
                                   Mammalian
                                     Class
                                     Body
                                    Weight
                               Ingestion (Fdry)
                                  (g bwt/day)
                               Ingestion  (Fwet)
                                    (g/day)
                                  % body wgt
                                   consumed
                                      FI
                                 (kg-diet/day)
 Herbivores/
insectivores
                                      15
                                       3
                                      14
                                      95
                                   1.43E-02

                                      35
                                       5
                                      23
                                      66
                                   2.31E-02

                                     1000
                                      31
                                      153
                                      15
                                   1.53E-01
 Granivores
                                      15
                                       3
                                       3
                                      21
                                   3.18E-03

                                      35
                                       5
                                       5
                                      15
                                   5.13E-03

                                     1000
                                      31
                                      34
                                       3
                                   3.40E-02

                                   Mammalian
                                     Class
                                    Body   
                                    Weight
                                   Adjusted
                                     LD50
                                   Adjusted
                                     NOAEL
Herbivores/
insectivores
                                      15
                                    2389.04
                                     14.07

                                      35
                                    1932.99
                                     11.38

                                     1000
                                    836.08
                                     4.92
 Granivores
                                      15
                                    2389.04
                                     14.07

                                      35
                                    1932.99
                                     11.38

                                     1000
                                    836.08
                                     4.92
                                       
                                       
                         Dose-based EECs   
(mg/kg-bw)
                       Mammalian Classes and Body Weight
                                       
                          Herbivores and Insectivores
                                  Granivores
                                       
                                     15 g
                                     35 g
                                    1000 g
                                     15 g
                                     35 g
                                    1000 g
                          Upper Bound EECs (mg ai/kg)
Short Grass 
                                    102.60
                                     70.91
                                     16.44
 
 
 
Tall Grass 
                                     47.03
                                     32.50
                                     7.54
 
 
 
Broadleaf plants and small insects
                                     57.71
                                     39.89
                                     9.25
 
 
 
Fruits/pods/seeds/large insects
                                     6.41
                                     4.43
                                     1.03
                                     1.43
                                     0.98
                                     0.23
                             Mean EECs (mg ai/kg)
Short Grass 
                                     36.34
                                     25.11
                                     5.82
 
 
 
Tall Grass 
                                     15.39
                                     10.64
                                     2.47
 
 
 
Broadleaf plants and small insects
                                     19.24
                                     13.30
                                     3.08
 
 
 
Fruits/pods/seeds/large insects
                                     2.99
                                     2.07
                                     0.48
                                     0.67
                                     0.46
                                     0.11
                                       
RESULTS  -  Upper Bound EECs and RQs

Table IV1. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients
Size Class
(grams)
Adjusted
LD50
                                 EECs and RQs

                                  Short Grass
                                  Tall Grass
                        Broadleaf Plants/
Small Insects
                       Fruits/Pods/
Seeds/
Large Insects

                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      20
                                    1415.64
                                    122.56
                                     0.09
                                     56.18
                                     0.04
                                     68.94
                                     0.05
                                     7.66
                                     0.01
                                      100
                                    1802.19
                                     69.89
                                     0.04
                                     32.03
                                     0.02
                                     39.31
                                     0.02
                                     4.37
                                     0.00
                                     1000
                                    2545.66
                                     31.29
                                     0.01
                                     14.34
                                     0.01
                                     17.60
                                     0.01
                                     1.96
                                     0.00
Bold value indicates LOC exceedance
                                       
Table IV2.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients 
                                     LC50
                                 EECs and RQs

                                  Short Grass
                                  Tall Grass
                        Broadleaf Plants/
Small Insects
                       Fruits/Pods/
Seeds/
Large Insects

                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                   >5690
                                    107.62
                                   <0.02
                                     49.32
                                   <0.01
                                     60.53
                                   <0.01
                                     6.73
                                   <0.01
Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 
Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

Table IV3.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients 
NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)
                                 EECs and RQs

                                  Short Grass
                                  Tall Grass
                        Broadleaf Plants/
Small Insects
                       Fruits/Pods/
Seeds/
Large Insects

                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      27
                                    107.62
                                     3.97
                                     49.32
                                     1.82
                                     60.53
                                     2.23
                                     6.73
                                     0.25
Size class not used for dietary risk quotients
Bold values indicate LOC exceedances

Table IV4. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients
Size Class
(grams)
Adjusted
LD50
                                 EECs and RQs

                                  Short Grass
                                  Tall Grass
                        Broadleaf Plants/
Small Insects
                       Fruits/Pods/
Seeds/
Large Insects
                                  Granivores

                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      15
                                    2389.04
                                    102.60
                                     0.04
                                     47.03
                                     0.02
                                     57.71
                                     0.02
                                     6.41
                                     0.00
                                     1.43
                                     0.00
                                      35
                                    1932.99
                                     70.91
                                     0.04
                                     32.50
                                     0.02
                                     39.89
                                     0.02
                                     4.43
                                     0.00
                                     0.98
                                     0.00
                                     1000
                                    836.08
                                     16.44
                                     0.02
                                     7.54
                                     0.01
                                     9.25
                                     0.01
                                     1.03
                                     0.00
                                     0.23
                                     0.00

Table IV5.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients 
NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)
                                 EECs and RQs

                                  Short Grass
                                  Tall Grass
                        Broadleaf Plants/
Small Insects
                       Fruits/Pods/
Seeds/
Large Insects

                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      100
                                    107.62
                                     1.08
                                     49.32
                                     0.49
                                     60.53
                                     0.61
                                     6.73
                                     0.07
Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 

Table IV6.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients
                              Size Class
(grams)
                                Adjusted NOAEL
                                 EECs and RQs

                                  Short Grass
                                  Tall Grass
                        Broadleaf Plants/
Small Insects
                       Fruits/Pods/
Seeds/
Large Insects
                                  Granivores

                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      EEC
                                      RQ
                                      15
                                     14.07
                                    102.60
                                     7.29
                                     47.03
                                     3.34
                                     57.71
                                     4.10
                                     6.41
                                     0.46
                                     1.43
                                     0.10
                                      35
                                     11.38
                                     70.91
                                     6.23
                                     32.50
                                     2.86
                                     39.89
                                     3.50
                                     4.43
                                     0.39
                                     0.98
                                     0.09
                                     1000
                                     4.92
                                     16.44
                                     3.34
                                     7.54
                                     1.53
                                     9.25
                                     1.88
                                     1.03
                                     0.21
                                     0.23
                                     0.05
Bold values indicate LOC exceedances
 Appendix V. Terrestrial Plants Exposure Modeling and Results (TerrPlant v 1.2.2)
                                       
1. Ground Application of 0.4484 lbs ai/A to Corn/Turf
Table V1. Chemical Identity.
 
                                 Chemical Name
Amicarbazone
 
                                    PC code
114004
 
                                      Use
Corn/Turf
                                       
                              Application Method
Ground
                                       
                               Application Form
liquid
                                        
                           Solubility in Water (ppm)
4,600
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
Table V2. Input parameters used to derive EECs.
 
                                Input Parameter
                                    Symbol
                                     Value
                                     Units
                                       
                               Application Rate
                                       A
                                    0.4484
                                   lbs ai/A
                                       
                                 Incorporation
                                       I
                                       1
                                     none
                                       
                                Runoff Fraction
                                       R
                                     0.05
                                     none
                                       
                                Drift Fraction
                                       D
                                     0.01
                                     none
                                       
 
 
 
 
 
Table V3. EECs for Flutriafol 125 g/l SC.  Units in lbs ai/A.
 
                                  Description
                                   Equation
                                      EEC
                                       
                              Runoff to dry areas
                                    (A/I)*R
                                    0.02242
                                       
                         Runoff to semi-aquatic areas
                                  (A/I)*R*10
                                    0.2242
                                       
                                  Spray drift
                                      A*D
                                   0.004484
                                       
                              Total for dry areas
                                ((A/I)*R)+(A*D)
                                   0.026904
                                       
                         Total for semi-aquatic areas
                              ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D)
                                   0.228684
                                       
 
 
 
 
 
Table V4. Plant survival and growth data used for RQ derivation. Units are in lbs ai/A.
 
                              Seedling Emergence
                               Vegetative Vigor
                                  Plant type
                                     EC25
                                    NOAEC 
                                     EC25
                                    NOAEC 
                                    Monocot
                                      0.1
                                     0.034
                                     0.026
                                     0.016
                                     Dicot
                                     0.03
                                     0.016
                                    0.0037
                                     0.002
 
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
Table V5. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to Flutriafol 125 g/l SC through runoff and/or spray drift.*
                                  Plant Type
                                 Listed Status
                                     Dry 
                                 Semi-Aquatic
                                  Spray Drift
                                    Monocot
                                  non-listed
                                     0.27
                                     2.29
                                     0.17
                                    Monocot
                                    listed
                                     0.79
                                     6.73
                                     0.28
                                     Dicot
                                  non-listed
                                     0.90
                                     7.62
                                     1.21
                                     Dicot
                                    listed 
                                     1.68
                                     14.29
                                     2.24
*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded (bolded), resulting in potential for risk to that plant group.
INC - inconclusive
 
 APPENDIX VI.  DATA EVALUATION RECORDS AND STUDY CLASSIFICATION OF NEWLY SUBMITTED DATA
 
OPPTS Guideline No.
Test Material
MRID
Study Classification
Comments
                                   850.1400
                                 TGAI -Parent
                                   48237510
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.2200
                                 TGAI- Parent
                                   48237511
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.2300
                             Deg of TGAI- Desamino
                                   48237512
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.2300
                             Deg of TGAI- N-methyl
                                   48237513
                                 Supplemental
     NOAEC is below lowest dose. A new study with lower doses is needed. 
                                   850.2300
                             Deg of TGAI- N-methyl
                                   48237514
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.2300
                             Deg of TGAI-Desamino
                                   48237515
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.4100
                             Deg of TEP- Desamino
                                   48237516
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.4100
                              Deg of TEP-N-methyl
                                   48237517
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.4150
                             Deg of TEP- N-methyl
                                   48237518
                                  Acceptable
                                     None
                                   850.4150
                                  TEP- Parent
                                   48237519
                                  Acceptable
         Tomato and sugar beet were repeated to satisfy MRID 45121821
                                   850.4150
                             Deg of TEP - Desamino
                                   48237520
                                  Acceptable
                                     None