Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0395-0011
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2012-08-15T04:00Z

U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                            Washington, D.C. 20460
                                       
                                   OFFICE OF
                              CHEMICAL SAFETY AND
       POLLUTION PREVENTION
                                       
						

                                                                              	
                                                     PC Code: 071503
                                              DP Barcode: D395364, D389616
                                                     Date: October 27, 2011
                                                                               
MEMORANDUM	

SUBJECT:	Tier I Drinking Water Assessment in Support of Proposed or Amended Tolerances for the Fludioxonil IR-4 Uses on Ginseng; Onion Subgroups 3-07 A and B; Berry and Small Fruit Subgroups 13-07 A, B, F and G; Fruiting Vegetable Group 8-10, Except Tomato; Tomato; Leafy Vegetable Except Brassica Subgroup 4A; Pome Fruit Group 11-10; Citrus Group 10-10; Potato; Pineapple; Dragon Fruit; Avocado; Mango; Other Various Tropical Fruits.
 
TO:		George Kramer, Chemist
      Dana Vogel, Branch Chief
		Risk Assessment Branch 1
		Health Effects Division (7505P)

cc:		Barbara Madden, Team Leader
		Lisa Nollen, Risk Manager Reviewer
		Risk Integration Minor Use, and Emergency Response Branch
		Registration Division (7505P) 

      Shaja Joyner, Product Manager 
		Lisa Jones, Risk Manager Reviewer
		Fungicide Branch
		Registration Division (7505P) 
		
FROM:	Cheryl Sutton, Ph.D., Environmental Scientist
		Environmental Risk Branch IV
		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

REVIEWED
BY:		Charles Peck, Environmental Engineer
      Environmental Risk Branch IV
		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)
 APPROVED
BY:		Marietta Echeverria, Branch Chief
		Environmental Risk Branch IV
		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Executive Summary

EFED has completed a Tier I screening-level drinking water assessment for fludioxonil for the proposed IR-4 uses on ginseng; onion subgroups 3-07 a and b; berry and small fruit subgroups 13-07 a, b, f and g; fruiting vegetable group 8-10, except tomato; tomato; leafy vegetable except brassica subgroup 4a; pome fruit group 11-10; citrus group 10-10; potato; pineapple; dragon fruit; avocado; mango; and other various tropical fruits.  This assessment is in support of proposed or amended tolerances for the crops/crop groups listed above. 
Fludioxonil (CAS 131341-86-1), a fungicide, is an active ingredient contained in multiple end-use products including, among others, Switch(R) 62.5 WG (25% a.i., with 37.5% cyprodinil; EPA Reg. No. 100-953); Cannonball(R) WP (50% a.i.; EPA Reg. 100-1360); Scholar(R) Fungicide (50% a.i.; post-harvest usage only; EPA Reg. 100-969); Scholar(R) SC Fungicide (20.4% a.i.; post-harvest usage only; EPA Reg. 100-1242);  and Graduate A+ (TM) (20.6% a.i., with 20.6% azoxystrobin; post-harvest usage only; EPA Reg. 100-1308).  Similar to previous assessments, this evaluation is limited to the exposure associated with fludioxonil alone and does not include exposure associated with fludioxonil in combination with cyprodinil or azoxystrobin.
The maximum proposed application rate among all proposed uses listed above (for onion subgroups 3-07 a and b grown for seed) is 0.25 lbs ai/A/application, applied four times per year with a 7-day application interval, for a maximum total annual application rate of 1.0 lb ai/A/yr.  Because the maximum proposed application rate among all of the uses considered for this assessment is less than the rates previously assessed by EFED for ornamentals, the estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWC) based on use on ornamentals are recommended for use in the human health dietary assessment and are presented in Table 1.
The most recent Tier II drinking water assessment (DWA memo dated 8/27/2009; DP Barcode 368586) evaluated fludioxonil applications to container-grown ornamentals, and reported acute, chronic, and long-term (cancer) EDWCs of 108 ppb, 32.6 ppb (incorrectly reported as 53 ppb in the main text, but accurately presented in the modeling output in Appendix A of that document), and 25.5 ppb, respectively; and a groundwater concentration of 0.4 ppb.  The maximum application rate used in that assessment was one application of 4 lb ai/A/yr.  [EFED notes that the Tier II assessment was a refinement of a Revised Tier I assessment (8/20/2009; DP364264) that was also conducted using an application rate of 4 lb ai/A/yr on container-grown ornamentals.  The initial Tier I assessment of 6/22/2009 (same DP barcode) was conducted using an application rate of 2 lb ai/A/yr, only on field-grown ornamentals.]
      
However, based on information provided in Syngenta's 9/9/2011 submission "Fludioxonil Registration Review Public Comments Response to Initial 60-Day Comment Period, Case Number: 7017, Docket Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-1067," EFED concurs that the use of the container-grown ornamentals application rate is not appropriate for estimating EDWCs.  As noted by the registrant, the strong adsorption of the pesticide to the potting media used for container-grown ornamentals, as well as the use of containers, results in attenuation of pesticide movement from the containers to the underlying soil in the field, thereby reducing potential runoff of the pesticide.  Thus, EFED now recommends that the values from the Tier I DWA of 6/22/2009 (D364264) be used in HED's human dietary health assessment.  The values in the Tier I DWA are based on the use of fludioxonil on field-grown ornamentals at one application of 2 lb ai/A/yr.  
The maximum proposed application rates for all of the uses considered for this assessment are presented in detail Table 2 in the Use Characterization section of this document.  
      
Table 1.  Maximum Tier I Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations in surface water based on fludioxonil use on field grown ornamentals at 2 lb ai/A/yr.   
                      Drinking Water Source (Model Used)
                              USE (Rate Modeled)
        Maximum Estimated Drinking Water Concentration  (EDWC)  (μg/L)
Groundwater (SCIGROW)
Field grown ornamentals (2 lbs. a.i./A/applic. x 1 applic.; total rate of 2 lb ai/A/yr )
Acute and Chronic
                                     0.20
Surface Water  (FIRST)
Field grown ornamentals (2 lbs. a.i./A/applic. x 1 applic.; total rate of 2 lb ai/A/yr )
Acute
                                     83.8

Field grown ornamentals (2 lbs. a.i./A/applic. x 1 applic.; total rate of 2 lb ai/A/yr )
Chronic
                                           38.5
      
       
Use Characterization 

Fludioxonil is a phenylpyrole derivative of an antibiotic produced by the soil-borne bacterium Pseudomonas. It is intended to control certain post-harvest diseases caused by Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa (brown rot), Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), and Rhizopus stolonifer (Rhizopus rot). A suggested mode of action of phenylpyrroles derivatives is inhibition of the trans-membrane transport associated with glucose phosphorylation (USEPA, 1998).  

Maximum use pattern information for the proposed IR-4 uses being assessed here is presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Summary use information for proposed IR-4 uses of fludioxonil on various crops.
                                      Use
                         Max. Single Application Rate 
                                 (lbs. a.i./A)
                              No. of Applications
                           Annual Application Rate 
                               (lbs. a.i./A/yr)
                      Minimum Application Interval (days)
                             Application Method(s)
ginseng
                                    0.25[2]
                                       4
                                      1.0
                                      14
                         Drip irrigation or drenching
onion subgroups 3-07 a and b
                                    1.0[2]
                                       1
                                      1.0
                 Not Applicable (at-planting ground treatment)
                          Ground spray (soil applied)
onion subgroups 3-07 a and b grown for seed
                                    0.25[2]
                                       4
                                      1.0
                                       7
                            Ground spray (foliar) 
berry and small fruit subgroups 13-07 a, b, f and g
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
                            Aerial spray in CA only
fruiting vegetable group 8-10, except tomato
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
tomato
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
leafy vegetable except brassica subgroup 4a
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
pome fruit group 11-10
                          Post-harvest usage only.[3]
citrus group 10-10
                                       
potato
                                       
pineapple
                                       
dragon fruit
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
                            Aerial spray in CA only
avocado
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
                            Aerial spray in CA only
mango
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
                            Aerial spray in CA only
various tropical fruits
                                    0.22[1]
                                       4
                                      0.9
                                       7
                                 Ground spray
                            Aerial spray in CA only
[1]Application information obtained from the label for Switch(R) 62.5 WG (25% a.i., with 37.5% cyprodinil; EPA Reg. No. 100-953).  Maximum number of applic. per year assumed (4) based on maximum single and annual rates.  [2]Application information obtained from the label for Cannonball(R) WP (50% a.i.; EPA Reg. 100-1360).  Maximum number of applic. per year assumed (4) based on maximum single and annual rates for crops receiving more than one application per year. [3]Application information obtained from the labels for Scholar(R) Fungicide (50% a.i.; post-harvest usage only; EPA Reg. 100-969); Scholar(R) SC Fungicide (20.4% a.i.; post-harvest usage only; EPA Reg. 100-1242);  and Graduate A+ (TM) (20.6% a.i., with 20.6% azoxystrobin; post-harvest usage only; EPA Reg. 100-1308). 

Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization

Laboratory and field data suggest that fludioxonil is moderately persistent to persistent (Goring et. al. 1975 persistence scale) in soil, with laboratory soil metabolism half-lives ranging from 143 to 365 days, and field dissipation half-lives ranging from 87 to 228 days.  Fludioxonil is expected to be essentially stable in aquatic environments, based on laboratory half-lives of 473-718 days in aerobic aquatic metabolism studies and the results of anaerobic (flooded) soil studies in which the compound was stable.  Photolysis is a major route of degradation, with a (near-surface) soil half-life of 1.6 days and an aqueous (near-surface) half-life of 8.7 days. Fludioxonil is slightly to moderately mobile (FAO classification scheme) in soil (Koc = 991 - 2440 mL/goc) and is primarily a concern for surface waters.  Degradates of fludioxonil are highly mobile; however, none of the four major degradates are considered to be of toxicological concern.   The fludioxonil physical and chemical properties and the environmental fate source data from submitted studies are presented in Table 3.
      
There is a potential for fludioxonil to reach surface water through spray drift, as the compound may be applied by ground spray and aerial spray (in CA, limited crops).  Because fludioxonil is moderately persistent to persistent in surface soils, there is also the potential for it to reach surface water through surface runoff either in solution or adsorbed to the soil.  Based on the moderately high adsorption coefficients and the low solubility (1.5 ppm), it is unlikely that there will be significant contamination of surface water with fludioxonil through subsurface flow.
      
Table 3. Physical/chemical properties and environmental fate source data for fludioxonil.
                                    Property
                                     Value
                                    Source 
                                   Comments
 Chemical Name
dinitrophenyl-U-[[14]C]-labeled N-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine 
                                       - 
 - 
Molecular Weight
                                    248.19
Product chemistry
 - 
Solubility in Water (20 °C)
                                   1.5 mg/L
                                        
Product chemistry 
 - 
Vapor Pressure (20 °C)
                              5.33 10[-9] torr  
Product chemistry
 - 
Hydrolysis Half-life (pH 7; 25C)
                                    Stable
MRID 43152502
 - 
Aqueous Photolysis Half-life (@ pH 7; in days)
                                     8.7 
MRID 43496302
44382308 
 - 
Soil Photolysis Half-life (days)
                                      1.6
MRID  43496303
44382308 
              (corrected for natural sunlight at 40°N latitude)
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
                    143, 220, 183, 365, 365, 325, 239, 154 
 MRIDs 43380513, 47169301, 47169302a, 471693012, 471693013, 471693014  
 - 
Anaerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                    Stable
MRIDs 47169302b, 47169303 
Parent still 85% at 60-d post-flooding.
Parent still 83% at 362-d post-flooding. 
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)
                        Stable (both sediment systems)
47169304
Parent was still present at 83% and 78% of the applied at the end of the 177-day study. 
Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                    No Data
                                       - 
 - 
Organic Carbon-Normalized Soil Partition Coeffic. (mL/goc) (Koc)
                                  991 (loam)
                                  1250 (loam)
                                  1490 (sand)
                               2440 (sandy loam)
MRID 44382311
 - 
Terrestrial Field Dissipation 
(t (1/2); days )
(top 15 cm of soil)
                                      211
44382316
Bareground plot in NJ; turf plot results not valid.

                                      228
                                   44382314
                                   44382315
44382317
Bareground plot in GA; turf plot results not valid.

                                      87
                                   44940102
45357001
Bareground plot in CA.
Henry's Law Constant
                       1.16 x 10[-][9] atm-m[3]-mole[-1]
 - 
 - 
Bioconcentration Factor in Fish (BCF)
                                     430X
MRID 44382320
 - 

Monitoring Data

Fludioxonil is not included as one of the analytes monitored in U.S. surface and groundwater under the USGS's National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa), nor were surface water and sediment monitoring data available from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR).
 Drinking Water Exposure Modeling

All of the information presented below was obtained from the Tier I DWA of 6/22/2009 (D364264) and is presented again here for HED's convenience.

Models

An EDWC in groundwater was estimated using EFED's Tier I aquatic model SCIGROW (Screening Concentration in Ground Water, version 2.3; 8/8/2003).  SCIGROW is a regression model used as a screening tool to estimate pesticide concentrations found in ground water used as drinking water.  SCIGROW was developed by fitting a linear model to groundwater concentrations with the Relative Index of Leaching Potential (RILP) as the independent variable.  Groundwater concentrations were taken from 90-day average high concentrations from Prospective Ground Water studies; the RILP is a function of aerobic soil metabolism and the soil-water partition coefficient.  The output of SCIGROW represents the concentrations that might be expected in shallow unconfined aquifers under sandy soils, which is representative of the ground water most vulnerable to pesticide contamination likely to serve as a drinking water source (USEPA, 2002)

The EDWCs in surface water were estimated using EFED's Tier I aquatic model FIRST (v1.1.1; 3/26/08).  FIRST (FQPA Index Reservoir Screening Tool) is a metamodel of PRZM and EXAMS used as a screening tool to estimate pesticide concentrations found in surface water used as drinking water.  FIRST was developed by making multiple runs of PRZM using varying sorption coefficients and determining the concentration in the EXAMS index reservoir scenario after a two-inch single storm event.  The Index Reservoir is a standard water body used by the Office of Pesticide Programs to assess drinking water exposure (Jones et al., 1998).  It is based on a real reservoir (albeit not currently in active use as a drinking water supply), Shipman City Lake in Illinois, that is known to be vulnerable to pesticide contamination.  The single runoff event moves a maximum of 8% of the applied pesticide into the reservoir.  This amount can be reduced by degradation or effects of binding to soil in the field.  Additionally, FIRST can account for spray drift and adjusts for the area within a watershed that is planted with the modeled crop (Percent Cropped Area).   Spray drift (modeled as direct deposition of the pesticide into the reservoir) is assumed to be 16% of the applied active ingredient for aerial application, 6.3% for orchard air blast application, and 6.4% for other ground spray application. Despite being a single event model, FIRST can account for spray drift from multiple applications.  The non-agricultural Percent Cropped Area (PCA) of 100% was used in this assessment.  The PRZM scenario used for FIRST development was among the most vulnerable, and thus resulting surface water concentrations represent the upper bound values on the concentrations that might be found in drinking water from the use of a pesticide. 

Modeling Approach and Input Parameters

Tier I modeling for the EDWC in surface water and groundwater from fludioxonil use on field-grown ornamentals was conducted using the maximum proposed application rate of 2.0 lbs a.i./A/application applied once for a total application rate of 2 lb ai/A/yr. Physical/chemical properties and environmental fate source data (from submitted studies) were presented in Table 3.  Input values used for surface water modeling with FIRST are presented in Table 4.   Input values used for groundwater modeling with SCI-GROW2 are presented in Table 5.  

Input parameter values used in this assessment were selected from the environmental fate data submitted by the registrant and in accordance with US EPA-OPP EFED water model parameter selection guidelines, Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides, Version 2.1, October 22, 2009.

Table 4. FIRST input parameter values for fludioxonil use on field-grown ornamentals.
Parameter (Units)
Value(S)
Source
Comment
Application Rate (lb a.i./A)
2.0
Medallion Label
 - 
Number of Applications
1
Medallion Label
 - 
Interval between Applications (days)
NA
Medallion Label
 - 
Percent Cropped Area (decimal)
1.0
Medallion Label
A PCA is not used for ornamentals.
Soil Partition Coefficient 
KOC (mL/gOC))
991
MRID 44382311
Represents the lowest non-sand Koc value among four values ranging from 991 to 2440  mL/g. 
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
294.9
MRIDs 43380513, 47169301, 47169302a, 471693012, 471693013, 471693014  
Represents the 90[th] percentile of the upper confidence bound on the mean (249.3) of 8 half-life values.
Wetted in?
No
Medallion Label
 - 
Depth of Incorporation (inches)
0
Medallion Label
 - 
Method of Application
Ground spray
Medallion Label
 - 
Solubility in Water @ 20 [O]C, (pH 7; in mg/L or ppm)
1.5
Product Chemistry
 - 
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)
0 (stable)
MRID 47169304
 - 
Hydrolysis Half-life @ pH 7, 25 [O]C (days)
0 (stable)
MRID 43152502
 - 
Aquatic Photolysis Half-life  @ pH 7 (days)
8.7
MRID 43496302
 - 

Table 5.  SCI-GROW2 input parameter values for fludioxonil use on field-grown ornamentals.
Model Input Parameter
Input Value and Unit[1]
Source
Comments
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
230
MRIDs   43380513, 47169301, 47169302a, 471693012, 471693013, 471693014  
Median of eight values
Organic Carbon Normalized Partition Coefficient  Koc
1370
MRID 44382311
Median of four values
Application Rate
2 lb ai/A/application

Medallion Label
 - 
Maximum No. of Applications/Year
1
Medallion Label
 - 
[1]Values determined per USEPA 2009a.

Modeling Results

	Tier I surface water and groundwater modeling results for fludioxonil for ground spray application to field-grown ornamentals are presented in Table 6.  These values are recommended for use in the human health risk assessment.  Output values for surface water are not modified using the percentage crop area (PCA) adjustment factor since the value used for field grown ornamentals is 1.0 (USEPA 2010).  Output values for groundwater are not adjusted for a PCA. 

Table 6.  Maximum Tier I EDWCs based on ground spray application of fludioxonil to field grown ornamentals at 2 lbs. a.i./A/yr applied in a single application.
Drinking Water Source (Model Used)
Use (Rate Modeled)
Maximum Estimated Drinking Water Concentration  (EDWC)  (μg/L)
                             Groundwater (SCIGROW)
                            Field grown ornamental
                               Acute and Chronic
                                     0.20
                            Surface Water  (FIRST)
                            Field grown ornamental
                                     Acute
                                     83.8
                                       
                            Field grown ornamental
                                    Chronic
                                     38.5

The SCIGROW concentration (ppb) represents the groundwater concentration that might be expected in shallow unconfined aquifers under sandy soils.  The output is used for both acute and chronic endpoints.

FIRST concentrations (ppb) represent untreated surface water concentrations.  The one-in-10-year peak day concentration is used for acute endpoints and the one-in-10-year annual average concentration is used for chronic endpoints. 

The EDWCs provided in this assessment are conservative estimates of concentrations in drinking water.  If dietary risks require refinement, higher tiered crop-specific and location-specific models and modeling scenarios can be used.

Uncertainties and Data Gaps

This assessment is based on available environmental fate data.  There are no significant data gaps in the environmental fate database submitted by the registrant.  One uncertainty is that the EDWCs represent untreated surface water concentrations.  While treatment systems utilizing UV light may help degrade parent fludioxonil, which is susceptible to photodegradation, specific drinking water treatment effects on fludioxonil are unknown.  Another uncertainty is associated with the use of SCI-GROW and the Koc value used to determine the EDWC for groundwater sources of drinking water.  SCI-GROW was developed using Koc values ranging from 32-180 mL/goc,while the Koc for fludioxonil is 1370.  Extrapolation beyond the values used to develop the model increase the uncertainty associated with the groundwater EDWC.

REFERENCES

Goring, C.A.I., D.A. Laskowki, J.H. Hamaker, and R.W. Meikle. 1975. Principles of pesticide degradation in soil. Pages 135-172 in (R. Haque and V.H. Freed, eds.) Environmental dynamics of pesticides. Plenum Press, New York.

Jones, R. D., S. Abel, W. R. Effland, R. Matzner, R. Parker.  1998.  An Index Reservoir for Use in 
Assessing Drinking Water Exposure.  Proposed Methods for Basin-scale Estimation of Pesticide 
Concentrations in Flowing Water and Reservoirs for Tolerance Reassessment.  Presentation to FIFRA 
Science Advisory Panel, June 29-30, 1998.  Online at: http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/1998/index.htm

Syngenta.  2011.  Fludioxonil Registration Review Public Comments Response to Initial 60-Day Comment Period, Case Number: 7017, Docket Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-1067.  Syngenta.  Greensboro, NC. Sept. 9, 2011.

USEPA. 2002. SCIGROW: Users Manual. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/#scigrow

USEPA. 2005. EXAMS User's Manual. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/swater/exams/index.html

USEPA. 2006. PRZM User's Manual. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/ceampubl/gwater/przm3/index.html

USEPA.  2009a.  Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Oct. 22, 2009.  Online at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm

USEPA.  2009b.  Tier I Drinking Water Assessment for Fludioxonil. U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances.  DP 364264.  June 22, 2009.

USEPA. 2009c.  Tier II Drinking Water Assessment for the Fludioxonil Proposed Use on Ornamentals. 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances.  DP 
368586.  August 27, 2009.

USEPA. 2010. Development and Use of Percent Cropped Area Adjustment Factors in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division, September 9, 2010. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/pca_adjustment_dwa.html

APPENDIX A. MODEL OUTPUT FILES

              TIER I SURFACE WATER MODELING OUTPUT FILES (FIRST)

   RUN No.   1 FOR fludioxonil      ON   ornamental    * INPUT VALUES * 
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
    RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL  APPL TYPE  %CROPPED INCORP
     ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL    Koc   (PPM )   (%DRIFT)     AREA    (IN)
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
  2.000(  2.000)   1   1     991.0    1.5   GROUND( 6.4) 100.0    .0

   FIELD AND RESERVOIR HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED
    (FIELD)  RAIN/RUNOFF  (RESERVOIR)  (RES.-EFF)   (RESER.)   (RESER.) 
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
    294.90        2          N/A      8.70- 1078.80      .00   1078.80

   UNTREATED WATER CONC (MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Ver 1.1.0  JAN 1, 2007
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
        PEAK DAY  (ACUTE)      ANNUAL AVERAGE (CHRONIC)      
          CONCENTRATION             CONCENTRATION            
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
                             83.845                     38.491
                                       
                   TIER I GROUND WATER MODELING OUTPUT FILES

                              SCIGROW
                                  VERSION 2.3
                    ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION
                         OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
                     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                                SCREENING MODEL
                        FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE
 
SciGrow version 2.3
chemical:Fludioxonil
time is  5/12/2009  15:17:05
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Application      Number of       Total Use    Koc      Soil Aerobic
  rate (lb/acre)  applications   (lb/acre/yr)  (ml/g)   metabolism   
      (days)
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
      2.000           1.0           2.000      1.37E+03      230.0
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 groundwater screening cond (ppb) =   1.98E-01 
 ***********************************************************************