Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0167-0006
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-05-20T04:00Z

Appendix
B
­
Page
1
Appendix
B:
Occupational
Handler
Exposure
Data
and
Risk
Calculations
for
2,4­
D
Appendix
B
­
Page
2
Table
B1
­
2,4­
D
Application
Methods,
Application
Rates
and
Daily
Amounts
Treated
Application
Method
Representative
Crops
Master
Label
Rate1
(
lb
ae/
acre)
QUA
Average
Rate2
(
lbae/
acre)
Area
Treated3
(
Acres/
Day)

Aerial
conifer
release
sugarcane
rangeland,
pastures,

crop
stubble
field
corn
rice
cereal
grains
citrus
growth
regulation
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.25
0.1
2.04
0.75
0.62
0.69
0.44
0.92
0.50
ND
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
1200
350
Groundboom
sugarcane
rangeland,
pastures,

crop
stubble
field
corn
rice
cereal
grains
conifer
release
asparagus,

orchard
floors
sod
farm
turf
or
golf
courses
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.25
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.75
0.62
0.69
0.44
0.92
0.50
ND
1.1
1.2
0.685
200
200
200
200
200
200
80
80
80
80
Subsurface
Application
of
Liquids
to
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
547
ND
308
Airblast
citrus
growth
regulation
0.1
ND
40
Backpack
Sprayer
(
Mix/
Load/
Apply)

Backpack
Sprayer
(
Apply
Only)
Christmas
Trees
Conifer
Release
4.0
4.0
ND
2.04
211
412
Right
of
Way
Sprayer
Weed
Control
Weed
and
Brush
Control
2.0
4.0
ND
ND
506
2.56
Foliar
Application
of
Liquids
for
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
Wild
Rice
4.0
0.25
ND
ND
109
109
Broadcast
Application
of
Granules
(
Boat
Mounted
or
Tractor
Drawn)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
Cranberries
Golf
Courses
547
4
2.0
ND
1.8
0.685
5010
80
40
Turfgun
(
i.
e.
high
volume/
low
pressure
handwand)
Turf
2.0
0.685
5
Push
Cyclone
Spreader
(
Used
by
a
PCO
to
apply
granules)
Turf
2.0
0.685
5
Appendix
B
­
Page
3
Notes
for
Table
B1.

1.
Master
label
rates
are
from
the
Master
Label
of
3/
17/
2003.

2.
Except
as
Noted,
average
rates
are
from
the
BEAD
QUA
report
of
8/
09/
2001.

3.
Except
as
noted,
the
acres
treated
per
day
values
are
from
ExpoSAC
Policy
9
"
Standard
Values
for
Daily
Acres
Treated
in
Agriculture",
Revised
7/
5/
2000.

4.
NAPIAP
Report
#
1­
PA­
96
"
Biologic
and
Economic
Assessment
of
Benefits
from
Use
of
Phenoxy
Herbicides
in
the
United
States",
Page
169.

5.
NAPIAP
Report
#
1­
PA­
96,
Page
109.

6.
The
area
treated
for
ROW
sprayers
was
determined
by
the
dividing
the
daily
spray
volume
handled
(
1000
gallons
per
day)
from
ExpoSAC
Policy
9
by
the
label
recommended
spray
volume
of
20
gallons
per
acre
for
general
weed
control
and
400
gallons
per
acre
for
woody
brush
control.

7.
The
application
rate
for
submersed
aquatic
weeds
is
based
upon
the
master
label
rate
of
10.8
lbs
a.
i.
per
acre
foot
times
an
average
depth
of
5
feet.

8.
The
area
treated
for
aquatic
application
of
liquids
to
submersed
aquatic
weeds
is
based
information
provided
in
an
email
of
12/
11/
03
from
Dr.
Kurt
Getsinger
of
the
US
Army
Corps
of
Engineers
to
Timothy
C.
Dole
of
the
US
EPA
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs.

9.
The
area
treated
for
foliar
application
of
liquids
to
floating
aquatic
weeds
is
based
upon
use
information
reported
in
the
HED
Memorandum
"
Occupational
and
Residential
Exposure
Characterization/
Risk
Assessment
for
Triclopyr
Triethylamine
for
Aquatic
Weed
Control,
DP
Barcode
D269448
of
7/
22/
2002.

10.
The
area
treated
for
application
of
granules
to
submersed
aquatic
weeds
is
based
upon
information
provided
in
an
email
of
11/
22/
2000
from
Jim
Kannenburg
of
Marine
Biochemists/
Applied
Biochemists
to
Troy
Swackhammer
of
the
US
EPA
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs.

11.
The
area
treated
for
Backpack
Sprayer
(
Mix/
Load/
Apply)
is
40
gallons
per
day
from
ExpoSAC
Policy
9
divided
by
the
label
recommended
spray
volume
of
20
gallons
per
acre.

12.
The
area
treated
for
Backpack
Sprayer
(
Apply
Only)
is
4
acres
per
day
based
upon
the
acreage
treated
in
CA
DPR
HS­
1769
normalized
to
an
8
hour
day.
The
spray
volume
was
25
gallons
per
acre.
Appendix
B
­
Page
4
Table
B2
­
Exposure
Data
Used
for
Occupational
Handler/
Applicator
Risk
Assessment
Exposure
Scenarios
(
See
notes
for
PPE
Descriptions)
Baseline
Dermal
(
mg/
lb
ae)
Baseline
Inhalation
(
ug/
lb
ae)
Single
Layer
Dermal
(
mg/
lb
ae)
Double
Layer
Dermal
(
mg/
lb
ae)
PF5
Respirator
Inhalation
(
ug/
lb
ae)
PF10
Respirator
Inhalation
(
ug/
lb
ae)
Engineering
Control
Dermal
(
mg/
lb
ae)
Engineering
Control
Inhalation
(
ug/
lb
ae)

Mixer
Loader
Unit
Exposure
Values
Mix/
Load
Wettable
Powder
(
WP)
Formulations
(
1)

Mix/
Load
Liquid
Formulations
(
2)

Load
Granular
Formulations
(
3)
3.7
2.9
0.0084
43
1.2
1.7
0.17
0.023
0.0069
0.13
0.017
0.0034
8.6
0.24
0.34
4.3
0.12
0.17
0.0098
0.0086
0.00017
0.24
0.083
0.034
Applicator
Unit
Exposure
Values
Aerial
Application
(
4)

Groundboom
Application
(
5)

Subsurface
Application
of
Liquids
to
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
(
6)

Airblast
Application
(
7)

Backpack
Application
(
8)

Right
of
Way
(
ROW)
Application
(
9)

Foliar
Application
of
Liquids
to
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
(
10)

Turf
Gun
Application
(
11)

Broadcast
Spreader
Application
(
12)
N/
A
0.014
See
Above
0.36
ND
1.3
Same
as
above
No
Data
0.0099
N/
A
0.74
Same
as
above
4.5
54
3.9
Same
as
above
1.0
1.2
N/
A
0.014
Same
as
above
0.24
6.1
0.39
Same
as
above
0.73
0.0072
N/
A
0.011
Same
as
above
0.22
ND
0.29
Same
as
above
0.40
0.0042
N/
A
0.15
Same
as
above
0.9
10.8
0.78
Same
as
above
0.20
0.24
N/
A
0.074
Same
as
above
0.45
5.4
0.39
Same
as
above
0.10
0.12
0.005
0.005
Same
as
above
0.019
NA
NA
Same
as
above
NA
0.0021
0.068
0.043
Same
as
above
0.45
NA
NA
Same
as
above
NA
0.22
Mixer/
Loader/
Applicator
Unit
Exposure
Values
Mix/
Load/
Apply
WP
with
a
Turfgun
(
13)

Mix/
Load/
Apply
Liquid
Flowables
with
a
Turfgun
(
14)

Mix/
Load/
Apply
WD
Granules
with
a
Turfgun
(
15)

Mix/
Load/
Apply
Liquids
with
Backpack
Sprayer
(
16)

Load/
Apply
Granules
with
a
Push
Cyclone
Spreader
(
17)
No
Data
No
Data
No
Data
No
Data
0.35
62
1.9
2.2
30
7.5
0.74
0.5
0.59
2.5
0.22
0.4
0.27
0.34
1.6
0.11
12.4
0.38
0.44
6.0
1.5
6.2
0.19
0.22
3.0
0.75
0.65
Not
Feasible
Not
Feasible
Not
Feasible
Not
Feasible
7.7
Not
Feasible
Not
Feasible
Not
Feasible
Not
Feasible
Flagger
Unit
Exposure
Values
Flag
Aerial
Spray
Applications
(
18)
0.011
0.35
0.012
0.01
0.07
0.035
0.00022
0.007
Notes
­
PPE
Descriptions
Baseline
Dermal
­
includes
long
sleeve
shirts,
long
pants,
shoes
and
socks.

Single
Layer
Dermal
­
includes
water
resistant
gloves
over
Baseline
PPE
Double
Layer
Dermal
­
includes
Tyvek
or
cotton
coveralls
over
Single
Layer
PPE
PF5
Respirator
Inhalation
­
filtering
facepiece
disposable
respirator
(
i.
e.
dustmask)
with
a
protection
factor
of
5
PF10
Respirator
Inhalation
­
half
face
cartridge
respirator
with
a
protection
factor
of
10
Appendix
B
­
Page
5
Table
B3:
Sources
of
Exposure
Data
Used
In
The
Occupational
Handler
Exposure
And
Risk
Calculations
Exposure
Scenario
(
Number)
Data
Source
Comments2,
3
Mixer/
Loader
Mix/
Load
Wettable
Powder
(
WP)
Formulations
(
1)
PHED1
Baseline:
Hands,
dermal,
and
inhalation
=
ABC
grades.
Hands
=
7
replicates;
Dermal
=
22
to
45
replicates,
and
Inhalation
=
44
replicates.
Low
confidence
in
the
dermal/
hands
data
due
to
the
low
number
of
hand
replicates.
Medium
confidence
in
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
was
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.

PPE:
Hands
=
ABC
grades.
Hands
=
24
replicates.
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
Hands
=
ABC
grades.
Hands
=
24
replicates.
Medium
confidence
in
hand
data.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
filtering
facepiece
disposable
respirator
(
i.
e.
a
dust
mask).
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half
face
elastomeric
facepiece
respirator
with
cartridges
(
i.
e.
half
face
respirator).

Engineering
Controls:
Dermal
=
AB
grade.
Hand
and
inhalation
=
all
grade.
Hands
=
9
replicates;
dermal
=
6
to
15
replicates;
and
inhalation
=
15
replicates.
Low
confidence
in
the
hand,
dermal,
and
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
was
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.
Engineering
controls
are
water
soluble
packets.

Mix/
Load
Liquid
Formulations
(
2)
PHED
Baseline:
Hands,
dermal,
and
inhalation
=
acceptable
grades.
Hands
=
53
replicates;
Dermal
=
72
to
122
replicates;
and
Inhalation
=
85
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand,

dermal,
and
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
was
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposures.

PPE:
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
Hands
=
acceptable
grades.
Hands
=
59
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand
data.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Hands,
dermal,
and
inhalation
=
acceptable
grades.
Hands
=
31
replicates;
Dermal
=
16
to
22
replicates;
and
Inhalation
=
27
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand,
dermal,
and
inhalation
data.

Load
Granules
(
3)
PHED
Baseline:
Dermal
=
33
­
78
replicates,
ABC
grades.
Hand
=
10
replicates,
All
grade.
Inhalation
=
58
replicates,
AB
grade.
Low
confidence
due
to
poor
grade
quality
of
hand
replicates
and
low
replicate
number.
High
confidence
in
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
was
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.

Single
Layer:
Dermal
=
33
­
78
replicates,
ABC
grades.
Gloved
Hand
=
45
replicates,
AB
grade.
Medium
confidence
in
dermal
and
hand
data.
.

Double
Layer:
Dermal
=
12
­
59
replicates,
ABC
grades.
Gloved
Hand
=
45
replicates,
AB
grade.
Low
confidence
in
dermal
data
due
to
low
replicate
number
for
many
body
parts.
Engineering
Control:
The
same
hand,
dermal
and
inhalation
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
with
a
98%
protection
factor
to
account
for
the
use
of
engineering
controls.

Applicator
Aerial
Application
(
4)
PHED
Engineering
Controls:
Hands
=
ABC
grade,
dermal
and
inhalation
=
ABC
grade.
Hands=
34
replicates,
dermal
=
24
to
48
replicates,
and
inhalation
=
23
replicates.
Medium
confidence
in
dermal,
hand,
and
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
was
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.

EPA
has
no
data
for
this
scenario,
other
than
enclosed
cockpits
B
the
engineering
control.

Groundboom
Application
(
5)
PHED
Baseline:
Hand,
dermal,
and
inhalation
=
acceptable
grades.
Hands
=
29
replicates,
dermal
=
23
to
42
replicates,
and
inhalation
=
22
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand,
dermal,

and
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factors
were
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
values.

PPE:
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
Hands
=
ABC
grades.
Hands
=
21
replicates.
Medium
confidence
in
hand
data.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Hand
and
dermal
=
ABC
grade.
Inhalation
=
acceptable
grades.
Hands
=
16
replicates;
dermal
=
20
to
31
replicates;
and
inhalation
=
16
replicates.

Medium
confidence
in
the
hand
and
dermal
data.
High
confidence
in
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.
Protective
gloves
not
used.
Table
B3:
Sources
of
Exposure
Data
Used
In
The
Occupational
Handler
Exposure
And
Risk
Calculations
Exposure
Scenario
(
Number)
Data
Source
Comments2,
3
Appendix
B
­
Page
6
Subsurface
Application
of
Liquids
to
Aquatic
Submersed
Weeds
(
6)
PHED
There
are
no
data
specifically
for
aquatic
applications,
therefore
the
PHED
dataset
for
groundboom
application
(
see
above)
is
used
as
a
surrogate.

Airblast
Application
(
7)
PHED
Baseline:
Hand,
dermal,
and
inhalation
=
AB
grades.
Hands
=
22
replicates,
dermal
=
32
to
49
replicates,
and
inhalation
=
47
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand,
dermal,
and
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factors
were
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
values.

PPE:
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
Hands
=
AB
grades.
Hands
=
18
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand
data.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Hand
and
dermal
=
AB
grade.
Inhalation
=
ABC
grades.
Hands
=
20
replicates;
dermal
=
20
to
30
replicates;
and
inhalation
=
9
replicates.
High
confidence
in
the
hand
and
dermal
data.
Low
confidence
in
inhalation
data
due
to
small
number
of
replicates.
No
protection
factor
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.

Protective
gloves
are
used
because
hand
data
are
for
gloved
hands
and
no
data
are
available
for
bare
hands.

Backpack
Application
(
8)
CA
DPR
HS­

1769
HS­
1769
"
Exposure
of
Hand
Applicators
to
Triclopyr
in
Forest
Settings,
1995
"
which
was
conducted
by
the
California
Department
of
Pesticide
Regulation.
Ten
applicators
were
monitored
for
two
days
for
a
total
of
20
replicates
as
they
applied
Garlon
using
Solo
Backpack
Sprayers
which
were
filled
from
a
300
gallon
mixing
tank.
The
workers
treated
an
average
of
3.2
acres
during
each
9
hour
day
with
a
spray
volume
of
25
gallons
per
acre
and
an
application
rate
of
1.0
lb
triclopyr
ae
per
acre.
The
actual
spraying
time
was
360
minutes
per
day
with
the
remainder
of
time
spent
placing
plastic
bags
over
the
seedlings
at
the
start
of
the
workday,
removing
the
bags
at
the
end
of
the
day,

pulling
hose,
lunch/
rest
breaks
and
donning
monitoring
clothing
and
equipment.
Dermal
exposures
were
monitored
using
long
sleeve
t­
shirt
and
knee
length
socks,
hand
and
face/
neck
exposures
were
monitored
using
Chubbs
baby
wipes
and
inhalation
exposures
were
monitored
using
glass
fiber
filters.
The
workers
typically
wore
coveralls
over
the
dosimeters.
The
results
of
the
knee
were
extrapolated
to
the
thighs.

Baseline:
Inhalation
data
=
B
grade
with
16
replicates.
Dermal
data
is
not
available.
High
confidence
in
inhalation
data.

PPE:
Gloved
Hands
=
A
grade
data
with
20
replicates.
Dermal
=
A
grade
data
with
20
replicates.
High
confidence
in
hand
and
dermal
data.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Right
of
Way
Sprayer
Application
(
9)
PHED
Right
of
Way
Sprayer
Data
Baseline:
Hands
=
16
replicates
with
ABC
grade
data,
dermal
=
4
to
20
replicates
with
ABC
grade
data,
and
inhalation
=
16
replicates
with
AB
grade
data.
Low
confidence
due
to
lack
of
dermal
replicates.
No
protection
factor
was
needed
to
define
the
unit
exposure
value.

PPE:
Hands
=
4
replicates
with
AB
grade
data,
dermal
=
4
to
20
replicates
with
ABC
grade
data.
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
Low
confidence
due
to
low
number
of
dermal
and
hand
replicates.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
No
data
is
available.

Foliar
Application
of
Liquids
to
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
(
10)
PHED
There
are
no
data
specifically
for
aquatic
applications,
therefore
the
PHED
dataset
for
right
of
way
application
(
see
above)
is
used
as
a
surrogate.

Turfgun
Application
(
11)
ORETF
OMA002
Baseline:
No
ungloved
data
PPE:
Dermal
and
hands
=
B
grade;
Inhalation
=
B
grade;
Dermal
=
10
replicates;
hands
=
10
replicates;
and
inhalation
=
10
replicates.
Medium
confidence
in
inhalation,

dermal,
and
hand
data
due
to
low
number
of
replicates.
A
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Not
considered
feasible
for
this
exposure
scenario.
Table
B3:
Sources
of
Exposure
Data
Used
In
The
Occupational
Handler
Exposure
And
Risk
Calculations
Exposure
Scenario
(
Number)
Data
Source
Comments2,
3
Appendix
B
­
Page
7
Broadcast
Spreader
(
12)

Application
PHED
Baseline:
Dermal
=
1­
5
replicates,
AB
grades.
Hand
=
5
replicates,
AB
grade.
Inhalation
=
5
replicates,
AB
grade.
Low
confidence
due
to
inadequate
replicate
number.

PPE:
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
The
same
hand
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
90%
protection
factor
to
account
for
the
use
of
gloves.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Control:
Dermal
=
2
­
30
replicates,
AB
grade.
Hand
=
17
replicates,
AB
grade.
Neck
data
has
only
two
replicates.
Other
body
parts
have
27
­
30
replicates.
High
Confidence
except
for
neck
data.
Inhalation
=
37
replicates,
AB
grade.
High
Confidence.

Mixer/
Loader/
Applicator
(
M/
L/
A)

M/
L/
A
WP
with
a
Turfgun
(
13)
ORETF
OMA002
Baseline:
No
ungloved
data
PPE:
Dermal
and
hands
=
B
grade
with
15
replicates;
Inhalation
=
B
grade
with
15
replicates.
High
confidence
in
inhalation,
dermal,
and
hand
data.
A
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Not
considered
feasible
for
this
exposure
scenario.

M/
L/
A
Liquids
with
a
Turfgun
(
14)
ORETF
OMA002
Same
as
above
for
scenario
13.
Liquid
flowable
formulations
were
used
in
15
replicates
of
the
ORETF
study.

M/
L/
A
DF
with
a
Turfgun
(
15)
ORETF
OMA002
Same
as
above
for
scenario
13.
The
water
dispersable
granules
were
used
in
15
replicates
of
the
ORETF
study.

M/
L/
A
Liquids
with
a
Backpack
Sprayer
(
16)
PHED
Baseline:
No
Data
PPE:
Hands
=
C
grades.
Hands
=
11
replicates.
Low
confidence
in
hand
data.
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Not
considered
feasible
for
this
exposure
scenario.

Load/
Apply
Granules
with
a
Push
Cyclone
Spreader
(
17)
ORETF
OMA001
Baseline:
Dermal
and
ungloved
hands
=
AB
grade
with
20
replicates;
Inhalation
=
AB
grade
with
40
replicates.
High
confidence
in
inhalation,
dermal,
and
hand
data.

PPE:
Dermal
and
gloved
hands
=
AB
grade
with
20
replicates;
High
confidence
in
dermal,
and
hand
data.
A
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.

A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
baseline
inhalation
data
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
Not
considered
feasible
for
this
exposure
scenario.

Flagger
Flag
Aerial
Spray
Applications
(
18)
PHED
Baseline:
Hands,
dermal,
and
inhalation
=
acceptable
grades.
Dermal
=
18
to
28
replicates;
hands
=
30
replicates;
and
inhalation
=
28
replicates.
High
confidence
in
dermal,

hand,
and
inhalation
data.
No
protection
factor
was
required
to
calculate
unit
exposures.

PPE:
The
same
dermal
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
50%
protection
factor
to
account
for
an
additional
layer
of
clothing.
Hand
=
acceptable
grades.
Hands=
6
replicates.
Low
confidence
in
gloved
hand
data
due
to
small
number
(
6)
of
replicates.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
5
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
dust
mask.
A
respirator
protection
factor
of
10
is
applied
to
estimate
the
use
of
a
half­
face
respirator.

Engineering
Controls:
The
same
data
are
used
as
for
baseline
coupled
with
a
98%
protection
factor
to
account
for
the
use
of
an
engineering
control
(
e.
g.,
sitting
in
a
vehicle).
Appendix
B
­
Page
8
Notes
1.
PHED
refers
to
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
Version
1.1
PHED
Surrogate
Exposure
Guide
of
August
1998
2.
The
data
grade
and
confidence
categories
are
assigned
as
follows:

Grade
A
data
=
Lab
recovery
is
90
to
110
percent
with
a
CV
<
15.
Field
recovery
is
70
to
120
percent.
Storage
stability
data
are
optional.

Grade
B
data
=
Lab
recovery
is
80
to
110
percent
with
a
CV
<
25.
Field
recovery
is
50
to
120
percent.
Storage
stability
data
are
optional.

Grade
C
data
=
Lab
recovery
is
70
to
120
percent
with
a
CV
<
33.
Field
recovery
is
30
to
120
percent
or
is
missing.
Storage
stability
data
is
50
to
120
percent
Grade
D
data
=
Lab
recovery
is
60
to
120
percent
with
a
CV
<
33.
Field
recovery
and
storage
stability
data
are
optional.

Grade
E
data
=
Does
not
meet
above
criteria.

High
Confidence
=
grade
A
and
B
data
and
15
or
more
replicates
per
body
part
Medium
Confidence
=
grade
A,
B,
and
C
data
and
15
or
more
replicates
per
body
part
Low
Confidence
=
grade
A,
B,
C,
D
and
E
data
or
any
combination
of
grades
with
less
than
15
replicates.

PHED
grading
criteria
only
affect
one
aspect
of
the
exposure
assessment.
The
other
exposure
factors
should
also
be
considered
in
the
risk
management
decision.
Appendix
B
­
Page
9
Table
B4
­
Exposure
Factors
and
Formulas
for
2,4­
D
Exposure
Factors
Formulas
Dermal
Absorption
=
5.8
percent
Daily
Exposure
=
Application
Rate
*
Acres
treated
*
Unit
Exposure
Value
Inhalation
Absorption
=
100
percent
Daily
Dose
=
(
Daily
Exposure
*
Absorption
factor)/
Body
Weight
NOAEL
for
Short
Term
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
=
25
mg/
kg/
day
(
based
upon
an
oral
developmental
rat
study)
MOE
=
NOAEL/
Daily
Dose
NOAEL
for
Intermediate
Term
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
=
15
mg/
kg/
day
(
based
upon
an
oral
sub­
chronic
rat
study)
Combined
MOE
=
1/((
1/
Dermal
MOE)+(
1/
Inhalation
MOE))

Body
Weight
=
60
kg
(
applies
to
short
term
exposures)

Body
Weight
=
70
kg
(
applies
to
intermediate
term
exposures)
Appendix
B
­
Page
10
Table
B5
­
2,4­
D
Short
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ae/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Mixer/
Loader
(
M/
L)

M/
L
WP
for
Aerial
(
1a)
Conifer
Release
4
1200
1.2
5.9
17
22
26
390
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
1200
2.4
12
34
44
53
770
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
1200
3.2
16
45
59
70
1000
Cereal
Grains
1.25
1200
3.9
19
54
71
84
1200
M/
L
WP
for
Groundboom
(
1b)
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
200
15
71
200
260
320
4600
Conifer
Release
4
80
18
89
250
330
400
5800
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
200
19
95
270
350
420
6200
Cereal
Grains
1.25
200
23
110
330
420
510
7400
Asparagas,
Sod
Farm
Turf,
Orchard
Floors
2
80
36
180
510
660
790
12000
Golf
Courses
2
40
73
350
1000
1300
1600
23000
M/
L
WP
for
Aquatic
Subsurface
Application
(
1c)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
30
3.7
19
50
65
78
1150
M/
L
WP
for
10
Man
Crew
Backpack
Application
(
1e)
Conifer
Release
4
40
36
180
510
660
790
12000
M/
L
WP
for
Row
Sprayer
(
1f)
ROW
Weed
Control
2
50
58
280
810
1100
1300
19000
ROW
Brush
Control
4
2.5
580
2800
8100
11000
13000
190000
M/
L
WP
for
Aquatic
Foliar
Application
(
1g)
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
4
10
150
710
2000
2600
3200
46000
Wild
Rice
0.25
10
2300
11000
33000
42000
51000
740000
M/
L
WP
for
Turfgun
Application
(
1h)
turf
2
5
580
2800
8100
11000
13000
190000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Aerial
(
2a)
Conifer
Release
4
1200
1.8
120
200
210
280
540
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
1200
3.7
250
400
430
550
1100
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
1200
4.9
330
530
570
730
1400
Cereal
Grains
1.25
1200
5.9
390
640
690
880
1700
M/
L
Liquids
for
Aerial
(
2a)
Citrus
0.1
350
250
17000
27000
29000
38000
74000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Groundboom
(
2b)
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
200
22
1500
2400
2600
3300
6400
Table
B5
­
2,4­
D
Short
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ae/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Appendix
B
­
Page
11
Conifer
Release
4
80
28
1800
3000
3200
4100
8100
M/
L
Liquids
for
Groundboom
(
2b)
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
200
30
2000
3200
3400
4400
8600
Cereal
Grains
1.25
200
35
2400
3800
4100
5300
10000
Asparagas,
Sod
Farm
Turf,
Orchard
Floors
2
80
55
3700
6000
6400
8300
16000
Golf
Courses
2
40
110
7400
12000
13000
17000
32000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Aquatic
Subsurface
Application
(
2c)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
30
5.5
370
580
630
820
1600
M/
L
Liquids
for
Airblast
(
2d)
Citrus
0.1
40
2200
150000
240000
260000
330000
640000
M/
L
Liquids
for
10
Man
Crew
Backpack
Application
(
2e)
Conifer
Release
4
40
55
3700
6000
6400
8300
16000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Row
Sprayer
(
2f)
ROW
Weed
Control
2
50
89
5900
9500
10000
13000
26000
ROW
Brush
Control
4
2.5
890
59000
95000
100000
130000
260000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Aquatic
Foliar
Application
(
2g)
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
4
10
220
15000
24000
26000
33000
64000
Wild
Rice
0.25
10
3500
240000
380000
410000
530000
1000000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Turfgun
Application
(
2h)
turf
2
5
890
59000
95000
100000
130000
260000
Load
Granulars
for
Broadcast
Spreader
(
3)
Golf
Courses
2
40
8600
8900
25000
33000
51000
140000
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
50
250
260
750
970
1500
4200
Applicator
Aerial
Application
(
4)
Conifer
Release
4
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
870
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1700
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2300
Cereal
Grains
1.25
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2800
Citrus
0.1
350
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
120000
Groundboom
Application
(
5)
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
200
2400
2400
3900
4200
5300
11000
Conifer
Release
4
80
3000
3000
4900
5300
6600
14000
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
200
3200
3200
5200
5600
7000
15000
Table
B5
­
2,4­
D
Short
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ae/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Appendix
B
­
Page
12
Cereal
Grains
1.25
200
3900
3900
6300
6800
8400
18000
Groundboom
Application
(
5)
Asparagas,
Sod
Farm
Turf,
Orchard
Floors
2
80
6000
6000
9800
11000
13000
28000
Golf
Courses
2
40
12000
12000
20000
21000
26000
56000
Subsurface
Aquatic
Application
(
6)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
30
600
600
970
1050
1300
2800
Airblast
Application
(
7)
Citrus
0.1
40
15000
20000
25000
26000
28000
240000
Backpack
Application
(
8)
Conifer
Release
4
4
ND
230
260
260
ND
ND
ROW
Application
(
9)
ROW
Weed
Control
2
50
190
570
640
650
870
ND
ROW
Brush
Control
4
2.5
1900
5700
6400
6500
8700
ND
Foliar
Aquatic
Application
(
10)
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
4
10
470
1400
1600
1600
2200
ND
Wild
Rice
0.25
10
7600
23000
26000
26000
35000
ND
Turfgun
Application
(
11)
turf
2
5
ND
3500
3500
3500
6400
ND
Broadcast
Spreader
Application
(
12)
Golf
Courses
2
40
11000
12000
29000
35000
52000
55000
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
50
310
340
840
1000
1500
1600
Mixer/
Loader/
Applicator
(
M/
L/
A)

M/
L/
A
Wettable
Powder
with
Turfgun
(
13)
turf
2
5
ND
1400
2700
3100
5100
4000
M/
L/
A
Liquid
Flowables
with
Turfgun
(
14)
turf
2
5
ND
4900
5100
5100
9500
ND
M/
L/
A
WD
Granules
with
Turfgun
(
15)
turf
2
5
ND
4100
4300
4400
7500
ND
M/
L/
A
Liquids
with
Backpack
Sprayer
(
16)
Christmas
Trees
4
2
ND
1200
1300
1300
2000
ND
Load/
Apply
Granules
with
a
Push
Cyclone
(
17)
turf
2
5
ND
860
990
1000
1600
ND
Flagger
Flag
Aerial
Application
(
18)
Sugarcane,
Rangeland,
Pastures,
Crop
Stubble
2
1200
630
600
820
850
930
32000
Field
Corn,
Rice
1.5
1200
840
800
1100
1100
1200
42000
Cereal
Grains
1.25
1200
1000
960
1300
1400
1500
51000
Note
­
MOEs
in
bold
font
are
less
than
the
target
MOE
of
100
and
are
of
concern.
Appendix
B
­
Page
13
Table
B6
­
2,4­
D
Intermediate
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Mixer/
Loader
(
M/
L)

M/
L
WP
for
Aerial
(
1a)
Conifer
Release
2
1200
1.7
8.3
24
31
37
540
Rice
0.92
1200
3.7
18
52
67
80
1200
Sugarcane
0.75
1200
4.5
22
63
82
99
1400
Crop
Stubble
0.69
1200
4.9
24
69
90
110
1600
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
1200
5.5
27
76
100
120
1700
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
1200
6.8
33
95
120
150
2200
M/
L
WP
for
Groundboom
(
1b)
Rice
0.92
200
22
110
310
400
480
7100
Conifer
Release
2
80
25
120
360
460
550
8100
Sugercane
0.75
200
27
130
380
490
590
8700
Crop
Stubble
0.69
200
30
140
410
540
640
9400
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
200
33
160
460
600
720
10000
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
200
41
200
570
740
890
13000
Orchard
Floors
1.2
80
42
210
590
770
920
14000
Asparagus
1.1
80
46
230
650
840
1000
15000
Golf
Courses
2
40
51
250
710
930
1100
16000
Sod
Farm
Turf
0.68
80
75
370
1000
1400
1600
24000
M/
L
WP
for
Subsurface
Application
(
1c)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
30
2.5
12.4
35
45
55
800
M/
L
WP
for
10
Man
Crew
Backpack
Application
(
1e)
Conifer
Release
2
40
51
250
710
930
1100
16000
M/
L
WP
for
Row
Sprayer
(
1f)
Weed
Control
2
50
41
200
570
740
890
13000
M/
L
WP
for
Row
Sprayer
(
1f)
Brush
Control
4
2.5
410
2000
5700
7400
8900
130000
M/
L
WP
for
Foliar
Application
(
1g)
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
4
10
100
500
1400
1900
2200
32000
M/
L
WP
for
Foliar
Application
(
1g)
Wild
Rice
0.25
10
1600
7900
23000
30000
35000
520000
M/
L
WP
for
Turfgun
Application
(
1h)
turf
2
5
410
2000
5700
7400
8900
130000
Table
B6
­
2,4­
D
Intermediate
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Appendix
B
­
Page
14
M/
L
Liquids
for
Aerial
(
2a)
Conifer
Release
2
1200
2.6
170
280
300
390
750
Rice
0.92
1200
5.6
380
600
650
840
1600
Sugarcane
0.75
1200
6.9
460
740
800
1000
2000
Crop
Stubble
0.69
1200
7.5
500
810
870
1100
2200
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
1200
8.3
560
900
970
1200
2400
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
1200
10
690
1100
1200
1500
3000
Citrus
0.1
350
180
12000
19000
21000
26000
52000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Groundboom
(
2b)
Rice
0.92
200
34
2300
3600
3900
5000
9800
Conifer
Release
2
80
39
2600
4200
4500
5800
11000
Sugarcane
0.75
200
41
2800
4400
4800
6200
12000
Crop
Stubble
0.69
200
45
3000
4800
5200
6700
13000
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
200
50
3300
5400
5800
7500
15000
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
200
62
4100
6700
7200
9300
18000
Orchard
Floors
1.2
80
65
4300
6900
7500
9600
19000
Asparagas
1.1
80
70
4700
7600
8200
11000
21000
Golf
Courses
2
40
77
5200
8300
9000
12000
23000
Sod
Farm
Turf
0.68
80
110
7600
12000
13000
17000
33000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Subsurface
Application
(
2c)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
30
3.8
250
420
450
570
1100
M/
L
Liquids
for
Airblast
(
2d)
Citrus
0.1
40
1500
100000
170000
180000
230000
450000
M/
L
Liquids
for
10
Man
Crew
Backpack
Application
(
2e)
Conifer
Release
2
40
77
5200
8300
9000
12000
23000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Row
Sprayer
(
2f)
ROW
Weed
Control
2
50
62
4100
6700
7200
9300
18000
ROW
Brush
Control
4
2.5
620
41000
67000
72000
93000
180000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Foliar
Application
(
2g)
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
4
10
150
10000
17000
18000
23000
45000
Wild
Rice
0.25
10
2500
170000
270000
290000
370000
720000
M/
L
Liquids
for
Turfgun
Application
(
2h)
turf
2
5
620
41000
67000
72000
93000
180000
Table
B6
­
2,4­
D
Intermediate
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Appendix
B
­
Page
15
Load
Granulars
for
Broadcast
Spreader
(
3)
Golf
Courses
2
40
6000
6200
18000
23000
36000
100000
Submerged
Weeds
54
50
180
190
530
680
1100
3000
Applicator
(
APP)

Aerial
Application
(
4)
Conifer
Release
2
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1200
Rice
0.92
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2700
Sugarcane
0.75
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3300
Crop
Stubble
0.69
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3500
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3900
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
1200
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4900
Citrus
0.1
350
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
84000
Groundboom
Application
(
5)
Rice
0.92
200
3700
3700
5900
6400
8000
17000
Conifer
Release
2
80
4200
4200
6800
7400
9200
20000
Sugarcane
0.75
200
4500
4500
7300
7900
9800
21000
Crop
Stubble
0.69
200
4900
4900
7900
8600
11000
23000
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
200
5500
5500
8800
9600
12000
25000
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
200
6800
6800
11000
12000
15000
32000
Orchard
Floors
1.2
80
7000
7000
11000
12000
15000
33000
Groundboom
Application
(
5)
Asparagas
1.1
80
7700
7700
12000
13000
17000
36000
Golf
Courses
2
40
8500
8500
14000
15000
18000
39000
Sod
Farm
Turf
0.68
80
12000
12000
20000
22000
27000
58000
Subsurface
Aquatic
Application
(
6)
Submersed
Aquatic
Weeds
54
30
420
420
680
730
920
2000
Airblast
Application
(
7)
Citrus
0.1
40
10000
14000
18000
18000
20000
170000
Backpack
Application
(
8)
Conifer
Release
2
4
ND
320
360
370
ND
ND
ROW
Application
(
9)
ROW
Weed
Control
2
50
130
400
450
460
610
ND
ROW
Brush
Control
4
2.5
1300
4000
4500
4600
6100
ND
Table
B6
­
2,4­
D
Intermediate
Term
MOEs
for
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Crop
Type
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
acre)
Acres/

Day
Baseline
Single
Layer
Single
Layer
PF5
Single
Layer
PF10
Double
Layer
PF10
Engineering
Control
Appendix
B
­
Page
16
Aquatic
Foliar
Application
(
10)
Floating
Aquatic
Weeds
4
10
330
990
1100
1100
1500
ND
Wild
Rice
0.25
10
5300
16000
18000
18000
24000
ND
Turfgun
Application
(
11)
turf
2
5
ND
2400
2500
2500
4500
ND
Broadcast
Spreader
Application
(
12)
Golf
Courses
2
40
7400
8100
20000
24000
36000
38000
Aquatic
Submerged
Weeds
54
50
220
240
590
720
1100
1100
Mixer/
Loader/
Applicator
(
M/
L/
A)

M/
L/
A
Wettable
Powder
with
Turfgun
(
13)
turf
2
5
ND
1000
1900
2100
3600
2800
M/
L/
A
Liquid
Flowables
with
Turfgun
(
14)
turf
2
5
ND
3400
3600
3600
6600
ND
M/
L/
A
WD
Granules
with
Turfgun
(
15)
turf
2
5
ND
2900
3000
3000
5300
ND
M/
L/
A
Liquids
with
Backpack
Sprayer
(
16)
Christmas
Trees
4
2
ND
860
900
900
1400
ND
Load/
Apply
Granules
with
a
Push
Cyclone
(
17)
turf
2
5
ND
600
700
710
1100
ND
Flagger
Flag
Aerial
Application
(
18)
Rice
0.92
1200
960
910
1200
1300
1400
48000
Sugarcane
0.75
1200
1200
1100
1500
1600
1700
59000
Crop
Stubble
0.69
1200
1300
1200
1700
1700
1900
64000
Rangeland,
Pastures
0.62
1200
1400
1300
1800
1900
2100
71000
Cereal
Grains,
Corn
0.5
1200
1800
1700
2300
2400
2600
89000
Note
­
MOEs
in
bold
font
are
less
than
the
target
MOE
of
100
and
are
of
concern.