Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0506-0015
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2015-09-09T04:00Z

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY
AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
                 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                            WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460
              OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY
AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
                 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                            WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460

								PC Code: 	288202
                        				DP Barcode:	D421158

MEMORANDUM

DATE:		January 12, 2015

SUBJECT:		Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations for Cyprodinil and its Metabolite CGA-249287 for the New Uses of the Chemical on Certain Stone Fruits (Crop Group 12-12), Certain Tropical Fruits, Artichoke, Cucumber (Greenhouse Use), and Pomegranate (Postharvest Dip)

FROM:		José L. Meléndez, Chemist
				Environmental Risk Branch 5
				Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)	

THROUGH:	Mah T. Shamim, Ph.D., Branch Chief
				Environmental Risk Branch 5
				Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

TO:				Erin Malone, Risk Manager Reviewer
				Hope Johnson, Product Manager #21
				Cynthia Giles-Parker, Branch Chief
				Fungicide Branch
				Registration Division (7505P)

AND:			Thurston Morton, Chemist
				Elissa Reaves, Branch Chief
				Risk Assessment Branch 4
				Health Effects Division (7509P)

This memo presents the Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) for cyprodinil, an active ingredient of Vangard[(R)] WG, Switch[TM] 62.5G, and Inspire Super(TM) Fungicides, and its metabolite CGA-249287 (as per the Metabolism Assessment Review Committee's decision document (MARC)), for the new uses of the chemical on certain stone fruits (Crop Group 12-12), certain tropical fruits, artichoke, cucumber (greenhouse use), and pomegranate (postharvest dip).  Based on a review of the use information, it was found that all the newly proposed crops have a similar or lower application rate than the maximum application rate of 0.47 lb a.i./A applied three times per year, or 1.4 lb a.i./A/year, previously modeled using the New York grapes scenario.  EDWCs for the new uses should be similar than those already calculated for grapes.  Since previously modeled crops cover the new proposed crops, the results of the previous drinking waters assessment (DWA) can be used for the new uses; a new DWA is not required.  In addition, this DWA provides EDWCs from the new model PRZM-GW, which had not been modeled in the past.  Appendix A provides the groundwater results obtained from PRZM-GW.  A previous DWA, dated November 8, 2010 (DP Barcode D382086), involved only the products Vangard(R) WG and Switch(R) 62.5G Fungicides and the request to apply a maximum of two times aerially the products to most of the crops, and chemigation applications for several of the crops.  The DWA provides structures and nomenclature of cyprodinil and its metabolite CGA-249287, as well as a summary of environmental fate for the chemical.  In a 2011 DWA, a number of new uses were evaluated (DP Barcode D391853, dated November 4, 2011), but it referred back to the 2010 DWA for EDWCs.

The tier 2 aquatic models PRZM/EXAMS, and the models SCI-GROW and PRZM-GW were used to obtain EDWCs in surface water and groundwater, respectively.  The acute EDWC in surface water is 34.8 μg/L for the total residues of cyprodinil plus CGA-249287.  The chronic EDWC in surface waters is 24.7 μg/L for the total residues of cyprodinil and CGA-249287.  The cancer/chronic EDWC in surface waters is 16.4 μg/L for the total residues of cyprodinil and CGA-249287.  All surface waters EDWCs were obtained using the New York grapes PRZM scenario.  The PRZM-GW generated EDWC for the use on grapes, using the FL citrus surrogate scenario were 2.05 μg/L for the total residues of cyprodinil and CGA-249287 (acute) and 1.80 μg/L for the total residues (chronic).  For details on methods, characterization of results, uncertainties, etc., please, refer to the previous DWAs. Table 1 provides a summary of the Tier 2 modeled drinking water concentrations.

Table 1.  Maximum Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations for the Use of Cyprodinil (expressed as total residues of cyprodinil plus its degradate CGA-249287)
DRINKING WATER SOURCE (MODEL USED) 
USE (rate modeled per year)
MAXIMUM ESTIMATED DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATION  (EDWC)  ( ppb) 
Groundwater (PRZM-GW)
FL citrus[1] (1.4 lb a.i.)
Acute
                                     2.05

Chronic
                                     1.80
Surface water
(PRZM/EXAMS)
NY grapes (1.4 lb a.i.)
Acute
                                     34.8

Chronic
                                     24.7

Cancer/Chronic
                                     16.4
1 Scenario was used as a surrogate and run with the maximum application rate for grapes.

Should it be required, additional refinements may be available.  For example, regional PCAs and typical use rates may be options to be used should it be requested by HED.

Identification of specific data gaps:

The environmental fate data base for cyprodinil is considered substantially complete; there are no new data available for this assessment.  There is uncertainty with the aqueous photolysis study (MRID 43908422).  It was carried out with natural (unsterilized) water.  Phototransformation of cyprodinil in the irradiated samples followed a biphasic pattern, with slow transformation at the beginning.  The possibility of microbial transformation is not ruled out.  For modeling purposes, it was assumed that cyprodinil is stable to aqueous photolysis, which is a conservative assumption.  Since the Problem Formulation for Registration Review was issued in 2012 (DP Barcode D393800), aerobic soil metabolism studies were submitted, which are currently in review.

Use information:

Three end-use products are involved in this DWA, as shown below.  One product contains only cyprodinil, while two of the products have another active ingredient:

   * Vangard(R) WG Fungicide (EPA Reg. No. 100-828), containing 75.0% cyprodinil A.I. and 25.0% other ingredients
   * Switch(R) 62.5G Fungicide (EPA Reg. No. 100-953) containing 37.5% cyprodinil A.I., 25.0% fludioxonil A.I. and 37.5% other ingredients
   * Inspire Super(TM) Fungicide (EPA Reg. No. 100-1317) containing 24.1% cyprodinil A.I., 8.4% difenoconazole A.I. and 67.5% other ingredients

Table 2 provides a summary of the current and proposed use information for the pesticide cyprodinil only (i.e., the table does not include the other two active ingredients).  It also shows which crops have been modeled in the past.  Generally, no more than two sequential applications are allowed as part of a resistance management strategy (unless otherwise stated for a crop).  The label requires a buffer zone to protect lakes, reservoirs, rivers, permanent streams, marshes or natural ponds, estuaries and commercial fish ponds.  For ground applications the buffer zone is 75 ft; meanwhile, for aerial applications the buffer zone is 150 ft.  A vegetative filter strip should be allowed within 10 ft of aquatic areas.  Furthermore, other measures of precaution are required (e.g. applications when gusts or sustained winds exceed 10 mph are not allowed).

Several crops have been modeled in the past, using seasonal rates of 1.4 lb a.i./A/season.  These include CA almond, NY grape, CA fruit and MI cherry.  Additionally, other crops have been modeled using a seasonal rate of 1.3 lb a.i./A/season, which included OR snap bean, FL strawberry, MO melon, NC sweet potato, GA onion and PA tomato.  The new uses involve similar rates: for the additional stone fruits the maximum seasonal rate is 1.4 lb a.i./A/season; for the additional tropical fruits it is 1.3 lb a.i./A/season; and for artichoke it is 1.32 lb a.i./A/season.  The new use on cucumber is for greenhouses, and the use on pomegranate is for before and after storage; the uses on cucumber for greenhouses and pomegranate do not involve substantial exposure to wildlife.

Since previously modeled crops cover the new proposed crops, the results of the previous DWA can be used for the new uses.

Table 2.  Summary of use information for cyprodinil, based on Vangard[(R)] WG (EPA Reg. No. 100-828), Switch(R) 62.5G (EPA Reg. No. 100-953) and Inspire Super(R) (EPA Reg. No. 1317) Fungicides.  Changes or new crops are shaded blue.  Scenarios that were previously modeled are shaded yellow.
Use
                              Max Single App Rate
                                  (lb a.i./A)
                          Number of Apps at Max Rate
                               Annual App. Rate
                                (lb a.i./A/yr)
                       Min Interval Between Apps. (days)
                                  App Method
                          Pre-Harvest Interval (days)
Almond (CA almond)
                                     0.47
                                       3
                                      1.4
                                 NS or 14 (1)
                                     G, A*
                                      14
Pistachio
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                      14
                                     G, A*
                                       7
Tree Nuts (beech, Brazil nut, butternut, cashew, chestnut, chinquapin, filbert (hazelnut), hickory nut, macadamia nut, pecan, walnut (black and English))
                                     0.47
                                       3
                                      1.4
                                      NS
                                     (2) 
                                     G, A*
                                      14
Citrus (lemon, lime)
                                     0.33
                                       1
                                     0.33
                                      N/A
                                       G
                                       0
Grapes (NY Grape) (including cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these; Amur river grape, hardy kiwifruit, maypop, schisandra berry; and muscadines, gooseberry for Inspire Super(TM) only)
                                     0.47
                                       3
                                      1.4
                                       7
                                     G, A*
                                      (5)
                                      7;
                      (14 days for Inspire Super(R) only)
Kiwi
                                     0.47
                                       2
                                     0.94
                                       7
                                     G, A*
                                       0
Pome Fruits (CA fruit) (apples, azarole, crabapples, loquat, mayhaw, medlar, pears, Asian pear, quince, Chinese quince, Japanese quince, tejocote and cultivars, varieties and/or hybrids of these)
                                     0.23
                                       6
                                      1.4
                                       7
                                     G, A*
                                      (6)
                                       0
Stone Fruits, Crop Group 12-12 (MI Cherry) (apricot, tart cherries, nectarines, peaches, plums, prunes, plumcot, Japanese apricot, capulin, black cherry, Nanking cherry, sweet cherry, Chinese jujube, beach plum, Canada plum, cherry plum, American plum, Chickasaw plum, Damson plum, Japanese plum, Klamath plum, prune plum, sloe, including all cultivars and/ or hybrids of these)
                                    0.33**,
                                  ----------
                                    0.23**,
                                  ----------
                                 0.47** in CA
                                      ~5,
                                    -------
                                      6,
                                    -------
                   up to 2 in CA (plus 2 apps at 0.23 lb/A)
                                      1.4
                                    N/S (3)
                                     G, A*
                                       2
Tropical Fruits (Dragon fruit, lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan, avocado, black sapote, canistel, mamey sapote, mango, papaya, sapodilla, star apple, acerola, feijoa, guava, jaboticaba, passionfruit, starfruit, wax jambu)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                     G, A*
                                      (5)
                                       0
Beans (dried and succulent, except cowpeas) (OR Snap Bean) (garbanzo bean or chickpea, grain lupin bean, sweet lupin bean, white lupin bean, white sweet lupin bean, kidney bean, lima bean, mung bean, navy bean, pinto bean, snap bean, wax bean, fava bean, asparagus bean and blackeyed pea)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       7
Strawberries (FL Strawberry) (including cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids of these, bearberry, bildberry, cloudberry, mountries, partridgeberry)
                                     0.47
                                   3 at 0.43
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                      (5)
                                       0
Berries: (including all cultivars and/ or hybrids of these)
Bushberries (aronia berry, black currant, blueberry high and low bush, Buffalo currant, Chilean guava, currant, edible honeysuckle, elderberry, European barberry, gooseberry, highbush cranberry, huckleberry, jostaberry, juneberry (Saskatoon berry), lingonberry, native currant, red currant, salal, sea buckthorn)
Caneberries (blackberry, loganberry, red and black raspberry, wild raspberry)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                     G, A*
                                      (5)
                                       0
Brassica (cole) leafy vegetables (broccoli, Chinese broccoli, broccoli raab, Brussel sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, cavalo broccolo, collards, kale, kohlrabi, mizuna, mustard greens, mustard spinach, rape greens and turnip greens)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       7
Cucurbit Crops (MO Melon) (cantaloupe, cucumber*, guourds, honeydew, muskmelon, watermelon, chayote, Chinese waxgourd, Momordica spp. (bitter melon, balsam apple), pumpkin, squash and zucchini)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       1
Herbs, Dried and Fresh (angelica, balm, basil, borage, burnet, camomille, catnip, dried chervil leaves, chive, clary, coriander leaves {cilantro}, costmary, culantro leaves, curry leaves, dillweed, horehound, hyssop, lavender, lemongrass, lovage leaves, marigold, marjoram, nasturtium, dried parsley leaves, pennyroyal, rosemary, rue, sage, summer and winter savory, sweet bay, tansy, tarragon, thyme, wintergreen, woodruff and wormwood)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       7
Leafy Vegetables (except brassica) (head and leaf of lettuce, amaranth, arugula, chervil, edible chrysanthemum, corn salad, cress, dandelion, dock, escarole endive (escarole), New Zealand spinach, orach, parsley, purslane, radicchio, spinach, spinach vine)
Leafy Petioles (Cardoon celery; celery; Chinese celery; celtuce; Florence fennel; rhubarb; Swiss chard)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                      (7)
                                       0
Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables (NC Sweet Potato) (carrot, garden beet, sugar beet, edible burdock, cassava, celeriac, chicory, dasheen, parsnip, Oriental radish, rutabaga, black salsify, Spanish salsify, sweet potato, tanier, turnip rooted chervil, true yam)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                    1.3 (4)
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       7
Root Vegetables (except sugar beet) (edible burdock, carrot, celeriac, chicory, garden beet, ginseng, horseradish, parsnip, Oriental radish, rutabaga, black salsify, Spanish salsify, skirret, turnip, turnip root parsley, turnip rooted chervil)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                    1.3 (4)
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       7
Bulb Onion (GA Onion) (Chinese onion, dry bulb onion, daylily bulb, Fritillaria bulb, garlic, great headed garlic, lily bulb, pearl onion, potato onion, serpent garlic, shallot)
Green Onion (Beltsville bunching onion, Chinese chive fresh leaves, fresh chive leaves, Fritillaria leaves, fresh onion, green onion, Hosta elegans, Kurrat, lady's leek, leek, macrostem onion, shallot fresh leaves, tree tops onion, Welsh onion tops, wild leek, wild onion)
Onions Grown for Seed
                                     0.47
                                   3 at 0.43
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                      (7)
                                       7
Tomatoes and Fruiting Vegetables, Crop Group 8-10 (PA Tomato) (African eggplant, bush tomato, bell pepper, cocona, currant tomato, eggplant, garden huckleberry, Goji berry, groundcherry, Martynia, naranjilla, okra, pea eggplant, pepino, bell pepper, nonbell pepper, Roselle, scarlet eggplant, sunberry, tomatillo, tomato, tree tomato)
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                   G, A*, C
                                       0
Artichoke
                                     0.328
                                       4
                                     1.32
                                      14
                                  G, A[+], C
                                       3
Watercress
                                     0.33
                                       4
                                      1.3
                                       7
                                     G, C
                                       0
Pomegranate (postharvest dip)***
              19.2 oz Switch 62.5WG (0.45 lb a.i.)/100 gal water
                                       2
                                      N/A
                         Once before and after storage
           In line dip/ drench; dip for about 30 seconds & drain
                                 Post-harvest
G = ground; A* = Aerial (maximum of two aerial applications allowed); A[+] = All aerial applications are allowed (i.e., no restrictions in the number of aerial applications for artichoke); C = Chemigation; NS = Not specified.
(1) For Vangard[(R)] WG one application at 5-10% bloom, 50-100% bloom and at petal fall.  For Inspire Super[(R)] the minimum retreatment interval is 14 days and the maximum single application rate is 0.33 lb a.i./A.
(2) Apply when conditions are conducive to disease.  It is noted that the supplemental labels for Switch(R) 62.5WG and Inspire Super[(R)] do not have this crop group.
(3) One application at bloom stage, second application at full bloom, in CA, two applications during the preharvest period.
(4) For radish, only 2 applications per crop and 4 applications per year.
(5) The supplemental label for Switch[(R)] 62.5WG indicates that only one aerial application is allowed, and only in CA.  Otherwise, only ground applications are allowed for the product.
(6) This crop group not included in the supplemental label for Switch[(R)] 62.5G.
(7) The supplemental label for Inspire Super(TM) does not have these crop groups.
*For cucumbers, applications in greenhouse are allowed, at 0.46 fl oz/1000 sq ft (no more than 50% of the sprays per crop).  Applications in greenhouse are not assessed.
**The label for Inspire Super[(R)] allows applications at 0.33 lb a.i./A.  The label for Vangard[(R)] allows up to two applications at 0.47 lb a.i./A in CA plus two applications at 0.23 lb a.i./A.  Both labels allow up to two aerial applications.
***This use, to control Botrytis fruit rot and Gray mold, is not assessed since it does not involve substantial exposure to wildlife.

Appendix A. Tier 1 EDWCs for Groundwater - PRZM-GW

PRZM-GW v.1.07

Summary

The PRZM-GW generated EDWC for the use on grapes, using the FL citrus scenario were 2.05 μg/L for the total residues of cyprodinil and CGA-249287 (acute) and 1.80 μg/L for the total residues (chronic).

Conceptual Model

Figure A-1 depicts the general groundwater scenario concept for estimating pesticide concentrations in drinking water as implemented in PRZM-GW. This conceptual model is based on a rural drinking water well beneath an agricultural field (a high pesticide use area) drawing from an unconfined, high water-table aquifer. 

                                       
 
Figure A-1. General Groundwater Scenario Concept for Estimating Pesticide Concentrations in Drinking Water as Implemented in PRZM-GW; The black line through the soil profile represents the decline in degradation with respect to the depth.

The depth of the well is site specific (i.e., scenario specific). The well extends into a shallow unconfined aquifer and has a well-screen that starts at the top and extends down into the aquifer. The length of the well-screen represents the region of the aquifer where drinking water is collected. The well-screen length is well-specific and can be adjusted.  Processes included in the conceptual model that influence pesticide transport through the soil profile include water flow, chemical specific dissipation and transportation parameters (i.e., degradation and sorption), and crop specific factors, including transpiration, pesticide interception and management practices.

The following is a brief description of the PRZM-GW model.  More information is available at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm#przm_gw (accessed 12/02/2014).

      Tier 1 groundwater estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) for a chemical, resulting from its use for bare ground pre-plant applications were derived with PRZM-GW (Pesticide Root Zone Model for Groundwater, version 1.07, March 6, 2014), using the GW-GUI (Graphical User Interface, version 1.07, March 6, 2014).  PRZM-GW is a one-dimensional, finite-difference model that estimates the concentrations of pesticides in groundwater.  It accounts for pesticide fate in the crop root zone by simulating pesticide transport and degradation through the soil profile after a pesticide is applied to an agricultural field. PRZM-GW permits the assessment of multiple years of pesticide application (up to 100 years) on a single site.  Six standard scenarios, each representing a different region known to be vulnerable to groundwater contaminations, are available for use with PRZM-GW for risk assessment purposes.  In PRZM-GW simulations, each of these standard scenarios was used.  PRZM-GW output values represent pesticide concentrations in a vulnerable groundwater supply that is located directly beneath a rural agricultural field.

Input Parameters for PRZM-GW and Results

Calculation of the application rates is explained in Table A-1.

Table A-1. Calculation of application rates for modeling of cyprodinil and its metabolite for the use on grapes
Chemical Species
                       % Maximum  in Aerobic Soil Study
                               Application Rate
                                  (lb a.i./A)
                                Molecular Ratio
                     Modeled Application Rate (lb a.i./A)

                                   Observed*
                                  Normalized

Cyprodinil
                                     100%
                                     89.5%
                                     0.421
                                       1
                                     0.421
CGA-249287
                                     11.7%
                                     10.5%
                                    0.0492
                                    0.662**
                                    0.0327
Total
                                    111.7%
                                     100%
                                     0.47
                                       
                                       
The shaded and bolded area provides the results used in modeling.
* Observed maximum values for parent and CGA 249287 in the aerobic soil metabolism studies
** CGA-249287 to cyprodinil molecular ratio = 149.20/ 225.29

For input parameters used in this model, refer to Table A-2.

Table A-2. Cyprodinil PRZM-GW Input Parameters for modeling applications of the chemical on grapes
                               PARAMETER (units)
                                   VALUE[1]
                                    SOURCE
                                    COMMENT
Application date (day/month)
                                     30-05
       Label. Applications are set to occur close to date of maturation.
Delmarva emergence 10-04, crop maturation 30-05, harvest 15-06

                                     01-06
                                       
FL citrus crop emergence 01-01, crop maturation 01-02, harvest 31-12

                                     21-04
                                       
FL potatoes emergence 15-02, crop maturation 01-05, harvest 01-06

                                     01-08
                                       
GA coast emergence 01-05, crop maturation 01-08, harvest 01-10

                                     01-08
                                       
NC coast emergence 15-05, crop maturation 01-08, harvest 01-11

                                     21-07
                                       
WI sand emergence 01-05, crop maturation 21-07, harvest 20-10
Maximum Application Rate (kg a.i./ha)
                                     0.472
                                     Label
Maximum application rate is 0.421 lb a.i./A x 3 applications at 7 day intervals.  See Table A-1.
Number of Applications per Year
                                       3
                                       

Retreatment Intervals (days)
                                       7
                                       

Chemical Application Method (CAM)
                                       2
                                     Label
Foliar
Incorporation Depth (cm)
                                       0
                                       
---
Air diffusion coefficient (cm[2]/day)
                                      0.0
                                      N/A
Assuming no volatilization.
Vaporization enthalpy (kcal/mol)
                                      0.0
                                      N/A
Assuming no volatilization.
Henry's Law Constant (atm-m[3]/mol)
                                      0.0
                                      N/A
Assuming no volatilization.
Partition Coefficient
(KOC; mL/gOC)
                                     1,745
                                   437090-47
Sorption is correlated with OC.  Mean KOC value among four values ranging from 1550 to 2030 ml/g.
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)

                                     32.4
                    43908425, 43908426, 43709045, 43709046
Represents the 90[th] percentile of the upper confidence bound on the mean of four half-life values: 39, 46 days at 20°C (corrected to 28, 33 days at 25°C), and 22, 31 days at 25°C; mean = 28.5 days; std. dev. = 4.80 days
Hydrolysis Half-life (days)
                                       0
                                   437090-44
Stable at pH 5, 7 and 9.
1 Parameters are selected as per "Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters for Modeling Pesticide Concentrations in Groundwater Using the Pesticide Root Zone Model" v.1.0, dated October 15, 2012.

Results are provided in Table A-3.

Table A-3. Cyprodinil Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) resulting from the use of the chemical on grapes
                                 Crop/Scenario
                              Highest Daily Value
                                    (ug/L)
                           Post Breakthrough Average
                                    (ug/L)
                     Average Simulation Breakthrough Time
                                    (days)
                           Grapes/Tier I Delmarva[1]
                                 9.28 x 10[-5]
                                 8.5 x 10[-5]
                                     22054
                          Grapes/Tier I FL citrus[1]
                                    0.0276
                                    0.0269
                                     18210
                         Grapes/Tier I FL potatoes[1]
                                6.12 x 10[-12]
                                 Incomplete[2]
                                 Incomplete[2]
                           Grapes/Tier I GA coast[1]
                                 2.47 x 10[-5]
                                 2.28 x 10[-5]
                                     30062
                           Grapes/Tier I NC coast[1]
                                 2.26 x 10[-5]
                                 2.08 x 10[-5]
                                     18381
                           Grapes/Tier I WI sand[1]
                                    0.00317
                                    0.00293
                                     25728
1 This scenario was run with an extended weather file.
2 Incomplete despite running an extended weather file.

Additionally, the degradate CGA-249287 was modeled separately.

Table A-4. CGA-249287 PRZM-GW Input Parameters for modeling applications of cyprodinil on grapes
                               PARAMETER (units)
                                   VALUE[1]
                                    SOURCE
                                    COMMENT
Application date (day/month)
                                     30-05
       Label. Applications are set to occur close to date of maturation.
Delmarva emergence 10-04, crop maturation 30-05, harvest 15-06

                                     01-06
                                       
FL citrus crop emergence 01-01, crop maturation 01-02, harvest 31-12

                                     21-04
                                       
FL potatoes emergence 15-02, crop maturation 01-05, harvest 01-06

                                     01-08
                                       
GA coast emergence 01-05, crop maturation 01-08, harvest 01-10

                                     01-08
                                       
NC coast emergence 15-05, crop maturation 01-08, harvest 01-11

                                     21-07
                                       
WI sand emergence 01-05, crop maturation 21-07, harvest 20-10
Maximum Application Rate (kg a.i./ha)
                                    0.0367
                                     Label
Maximum application rate is 0.0327 lb a.i./A x 3 applications at 7 day intervals.  See Table A-1.
Number of Applications per Year
                                       3
                                       

Retreatment Intervals (days)
                                       7
                                       

Chemical Application Method (CAM)
                                       1
                                     Label
Soil applied, it is a degradate.
Incorporation Depth (cm)
                                       0
                                       
---
Air diffusion coefficient (cm[2]/day)
                                      0.0
                                      N/A
Assuming no volatilization.
Vaporization enthalpy (kcal/mol)
                                      0.0
                                      N/A
Assuming no volatilization.
Henry's Law Constant (atm-m[3]/mol)
                                      0.0
                                      N/A
Assuming no volatilization.
Partition Coefficient
(Kd; mL/g)
                                     3.97
                              43709047, 43908431
Sorption is not correlated with OC.  Mean Kd value among the following values 0.31, 3.48, 3.88, 5.23, and 6.97 ml/g.
Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)
                                      216
                    43908425, 43908426, 43709045, 43709046
3X available value.
Hydrolysis Half-life (days)
                                       0
                                   437090-44
Assumed to be stable.
1 Parameters are selected as per "Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters for Modeling Pesticide Concentrations in Groundwater Using the Pesticide Root Zone Model" v.1.0, dated October 15, 2012.

Results are provided in Table A-5.

Table A-5. CGA-249287 Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations (EDWCs) resulting from the use of Cyprodinil on grapes
                                 Crop/Scenario
                              Highest Daily Value
                                    (ug/L)
                           Post Breakthrough Average
                                    (ug/L)
                     Average Simulation Breakthrough Time
                                    (days)
                           Grapes/Tier I Delmarva[1]
                                     0.406
                                     0.365
                                     33042
                          Grapes/Tier I FL citrus[1]
                                     2.02
                                     1.77
                                     17629
                         Grapes/Tier I FL potatoes[1]
                                     0.345
                                     0.301
                                     15073
                           Grapes/Tier I GA coast[1]
                                     0.516
                                     0.43
                                     25955
                           Grapes/Tier I NC coast[1]
                                    0.0511
                                 Incomplete[2]
                                 Incomplete[2]
                           Grapes/Tier I WI sand[1]
                                    0.00949
                                 Incomplete[2]
                                 Incomplete[2]
1 This scenario was run with an extended weather file.
2 Incomplete despite running an extended weather file.