Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0081-0019
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2011-04-07T04:00Z

Analysis of the Sulfur Dioxide Measurements from the 

Columbia Lake NJ Monitor

Draft

February 28, 2011

Bureau of Technical Services

Division of Air Quality

New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection

Executive Summary

NJDEP evaluated data from a sulfur dioxide (SO2) air quality monitor
located 1.2 miles northeast of the coal-fired Portland power plant in
Knowlton Township, Warren County, New Jersey at the Columbia Lake
Wildlife Management Area.  Between September 23, 2010 and February 17,
2011, the monitor measured 1-hour SO2 concentrations that exceeded the
1-hour SO2 NAAQS threshold on nine days. A trajectory analysis was used
to determine the cause of the high monitored concentrations that
exceeded the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS during four episodes when concurrent
hourly emissions data was available.  The analysis found that Portland
Power Plant Units 1 and 2 were the likely cause of each high sulfur
dioxide episode at the monitor. The other large source in the area,
Martins Creek Power Plant, was either not operating or emitting sulfur
dioxide at very low levels during the exceedance hours. In addition, the
highest 10 1-hour sulfur dioxide concentrations monitored between
September 23, 2010 and February 17, 2011 were compared to an estimate of
what AERMOD would predict at that location. AERMOD predictions were
generally lower than the measured 1-hour concentrations at the monitor. 

Purpose of This Analysis

This report examines the elevated 1-hour concentrations being measured
at the nearby New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s
(NJDEP) SO2 monitor located at the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management
Area (WMA), New Jersey. Between September 23, 2010 and February 17,
2011, there were nine days where measured 1-hour SO2 concentrations at
the Columbia Lake WMA ambient air monitor exceeded the 1-hour National
Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 75 ppb. 

A trajectory analysis was done to determine the cause of the elevated
1-hour SO2 concentrations at this monitor. These air trajectories were
calculated during the hours when measured SO2 concentrations at the
monitor were above 75 ppb and the concurrent SO2 hourly emission rates
data was available. Because this necessary hourly emissions data from
the Portland and Martins Creek Power Plants is currently only available
through December 31, 2010, only four of the nine exceedance days could
be evaluated in this report. 

Predictions of the impacts from actual and allowable SO2 emissions from
the Portland Power Plant to 1-hour SO2 concentrations in the vicinity of
the Columbia Lake WMA monitor are documented in the NJDEP Bureau of
Technical Services reports: AERMOD Modeling Analysis of the 1-Hour
Sulfur Dioxide Impacts Due to Emissions from the Portland Generating
Station (July 30, 2010.  This document is an exhibit in NJDEP’s
supplemental 126 Petition dated September 17, 2010. Using the modeling
techniques and assumptions described in this report, AERMOD was run in
several different emission scenarios and its predictions of the 10
highest 1-hour concentrations at the monitoring location were compared
to the 10 highest measured values. 

One-Hour Sulfur Dioxide National Ambient Air Quality Standards

EPA finalized a new 1-hour standard at 196 ug/m3 (75 ppb) on June 3,
2010.  75 Fed. Reg. 35,581.   The new standard was established in the
form of the 99th percentile of the annual distribution of the daily
maximum 1-hour average concentrations.  75 Fed. Reg. 35,550.  When a
full year with 365 days of data is available, the 99th percentile will
be represented by the fourth-highest daily maximum 1-hour concentration.

Columbia Lake WMA Ambient Air Monitor

The Columbia Lake WMA ambient air monitor is located in Knowlton
Township, Warren County NJ.  It is approximately 1.9 km (1.2 miles) to
the northeast of the Unit 1 and 2 stacks at Portland Power Plant. Figure
1 shows the locations of the monitor and power plant relative to each
other. The monitor is 490 ft above mean sea-level (amsl), approximately
200 ft higher than Unit 1 and Unit 2’s stack base elevation of 294 ft
amsl. NJDEP modeled the impacts of Portland’s emissions in the area
where the monitor is located.  The findings are exhibits to NJDEP’s
November 17, 2010 126 petition and documented in the following report: 
AERMOD Modeling Analysis of the 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Impacts Due to
Emissions from the Portland Generating Station (July 30, 2010) This
modeling analysis predicts relatively high SO2 impacts in the area where
the monitor is located. 

The hourly SO2 data collected from September 23, 2010 to February 17,
2011 is shown graphically in Figure 2. A listing of the same data in
table format is given in Appendix A. The monitoring data from the
Columbia Lake WMA indicates there is a relatively low background level
of SO2 in the area. Superimposed on this low background are the
occurrences of frequent, very high, short-term SO2 concentrations. This
pattern strongly suggests the existence of a nearby, high emitting point
source of SO2 emissions. The variations in meteorology and, to a lesser
extent, source emissions, result in the monitoring pattern seen in
Figure 2. There is a low baseline overlaid with frequent spikes as
opposed to one of a continual measurement of high SO2 concentrations
with little variation. 

The monitoring data indicates that since the monitor began operation on
September 23, 2010, there are nine days when there is at least one hour
with a measured SO2 concentration that exceeds the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS. As
listed in Appendix A, these days were September 24, 2010, September 29,
2010, October 30, 2010, December 30, 2010, January 22, 2011, January 24,
2011, February 13, 2011, February 14, 2011, and February 16, 2011. The
emissions information needed to conduct the trajectory analysis was
available for the episodes on four of these days: September 24,
September 29, October 30, 2010 and December 30, 2010.

Figure 1. Location of Columbia WMA Air Monitoring Station in Relation to
the Portland  Power Plants (Warren County NJ, Northampton County PA)

Figure 2. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations from the Columbia Lake
WMA Monitor 

Sources of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the Vicinity of the Portland
Power Plant and the Columbia Lake WMA Monitor

There are two large sources of SO2 emissions located within 15 miles of
the Columbia Lake WMA monitor, Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2
located 1.9 km (1.18 miles) to the southwest, and the Martins Creek
Power Plant Units 3 and 4, located 14 km (8.7 miles) to the
south-southwest. Figure 3 shows the monitor’s location relative to the
two large power plants. In 2009, the total SO2 emissions from Portland
Power Plant were 30,465 tons. All but 0.4 tons of these emissions were
from Units 1 and 2. Unit 5 at Portland Power Plant, a 150 MW
simple-cycle turbine, operates infrequently and normally fires natural
gas. Between 2007 to 2010, on average Unit 1 operated 6,595 hours per
year and Unit 2 operated 7,022 hours per year.

The total 2009 SO2 emissions from Martins Creek Power Plant were 1,095
tons. These emissions are from the large oil-fired Units 3 and 4 at the
facility. Units 3 and 4 operate much more infrequently than Units 1 and
2 at Portland Power Plant. The average annual operating hours at Martins
Creek between 2007 and 2010 was 1,039 hours for Unit 3 and 584 hours for
Unit 4. 

The hourly emissions of SO2 from Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and
the Martins Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 were taken from the EPA
Clean Air Markets web site (  HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/" 
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/ ).

Figure 3. Location of Columbia WMA Air Monitoring Station in Relation to
Portland and Martins Creek Power Plants (Warren County NJ, Northampton
County PA)

The other SO2 sources in the region are either much smaller and/or more
distant from the Columbia Lake WMA monitor than the Portland Power Plant
and the Martins Creek Power Plant. In New Jersey, the facilities in
Warren, Sussex, Morris and Hunterdon Counties in New Jersey that emitted
more than 1 ton/yr of SO2 in 2009 are listed in Table 1.  The emissions
from the sources listed in the table are far below the roughly 31,000
tons/year of SO2 Portland Power Plant has emitted in recent years. The
largest, Warren County District Landfill located approximately 11.8 km
from the Columbia Lake WMA monitor, emits 25.9 tons/yr, 0.08 percent of
the Portland Power Plant’s total 2009 emissions.  

Table 1. 2009 Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Facilities in Warren,
Sussex, and Hunterdon Counties in New Jersey

FaCILITY NAME	COUNTY	MUNICIPALITY	SO2 (TPY)

Warren County District Landfill	Warren	Oxford	25.9

Covanta Warren Energy Resource Co. L.P.	Warren	Oxford	10.6

Atlantic States Cast Iron Pipe	Warren	Phillipsburg	4.7

Mars Chocolate NA LLC	Warren	Hackettstown	4.3

Warren County Landfill Energy, LLC	Warren	Oxford	3.6

Mallinckrodt Baker Inc.	Warren	Phillipsburg	1.2

Sussex County Municipal Utilities Auth.	Sussex	Lafayette	2.1

Hamms Landfill Energy Recovery Project	Sussex	Lafayette	1.1

In Pennsylvania, besides the Portland and Martins Creek Power Plants,
the other sources in the area that emitted more than 20 tons/yr of SO2
in 2009 are listed in Table 4. 2009 is the latest actual emissions data
available in the PADEP eFACTS data base. As can be seen in Table 2,
these sources are more distant and emit much less than the Portland
Power Plant.  The Green Knight/Plainfield Landfill Gas, which emits only
0.15 percent of Portland’s annual emissions, is located 12 miles west
of the Portland Power Plant. The other four sources in the table are all
located to the southwest of the Columbia Lake monitor along a 14 mile
east-west line located approximately 4 miles north, and centered on,
Bethlehem PA

Table 2. 2009 Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Facilities in Northampton
County PA

Facility Name	

Municipality	Distance from Columbia Lake WMA Monitor	

SO2 (TPY)

Hercules Cement Co.	Stockertown	19 mi	1,862

Keystone Portland Cement	East Allen Township	25 mi	685

ESSROC	Nazareth	22 mi	799

Northampton Generating Station	Northampton	28 mi	490

Green Knight/

Plainfield Landfill Gas	Plainfield Township	13 mi	46

Air Trajectory Analysis and HYSPLIT Model

The trajectory analysis was conducted with the NOAA Air Resources
Laboratory’s (ARL) HYSPLIT Trajectory Model. Access to the interactive
trajectory model is available at:   HYPERLINK
"http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/"  http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/ . Below is a
description of the HYSPLIT model from the web site:

	The Air Resources Laboratory’s HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian
Integrated 	Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is a complete system for
computing both simple air 	parcel trajectories and complex dispersion
and deposition simulations. The model 	calculation method is a hybrid
between the Lagrangian approach, which uses a 	moving frame of reference
as the air parcels move from their initial location, and 	the Eulerian
approach, which uses a fixed three-dimensional grid as a frame of 
reference. In the model, advection and diffusion calculations are made
in a 	Lagrangian framework following the transport of the air parcel,
while pollutant 	concentrations are calculated on a fixed grid. Through
a joint effort between 	NOAA and Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology,
the model uses advection 	algorithms, updated stability and dispersion
equations, a graphical user interface, 	and the option to include
modules for chemical transformations. HYSPLIT can be 	run interactively
on ARL’s READY (Real-time Environmental Applications and 	Display
sYstem) web site, or it can be installed on a PC and run using a
graphical 	user interface.

	The model is designed to support a wide range of simulations related to
the 	atmospheric transport and dispersion of pollutants and hazardous
materials, as 	well as the deposition of these materials (such as
mercury) to the Earth’s surface. 	Some of the applications include
tracking and forecasting the release of 	radioactive material, volcanic
ash, wildfire smoke, and pollutants from various 	stationary and mobile
emission sources. Operationally, the model is used by 	NOAA’s National
Weather Service through the National Centers for 	Environmental
Prediction and at local weather forecast offices.

Several forecast meteorological data sets are available at the web site
to use with the HYSPLIT Trajectory Model. Because of its denser grid
spacing, the NAM (Eta) 12 km grid forecast meteorological data was
selected for use in this analysis. The following start location
coordinates were input into HYSPLIT to estimate the forward and backward
air trajectories:

Columbia Lake WMA  Monitor; 	latitude =  40.924607 N, 

longtitude = 75.067825 W

			

Portland Power Plant;			latitude = 40.909797 N

					longitude = 75.07875 W

All times referenced in the trajectory analysis below are based on local
time Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) or Eastern Standard Time (EST), not
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). EDT is -
4 hours different than GMT or UTC. EST is - 5 hours different than GMT
or UTC. 

Trajectories were calculated at three heights above ground level. One
trajectory represents a parcel of air located 221 meters above ground.
This is the approximation of the height of the plume emitted from the
Portland Power Plant stacks (121 meter stack height and a 100 meter
plume rise).  A second trajectory was tracked for a parcel of air 10
meters above ground (the lowest height allowed by the HYSPLIT Trajectory
Model). This level is used to represent the height of the Columbia Lake
WMA monitor. A third trajectory of 100 meters was also used in order to
better track the SO2 transport at a height between the plume height and
the monitor’s height. 

The trajectories at the three different levels were calculated for a one
hour period. The large dots on some of the trajectories indicate the
distance traveled in a 5 minute increment of time during that hour. The
closer the circles are to each other, the lower the wind speed.

The SO2 emitted from the Portland Power Plant stacks will initially
start near the 221 meter level above ground (i.e., plume height).
However, as the plume is advected downwind towards the Columbia Lake WMA
monitor, it will quickly move to the 100 meter level as the terrain
rises and the plume disperses vertically downward. As the plume
approaches the monitor it will reach the 10 m level (i.e.,
ground-level). Therefore, the path of SO2 emitted from the Portland
Power Plant stack plumes traveling and dispersing horizontally and
vertically towards the Columbia Lake WMA monitor is best represented by
a combination of the 10 meter and 100 meter trajectories. 

The NAM (Eta) 12 km forecast meteorological data was selected for use in
this analysis because of the data options in HYSPLIT, it provides the
finest grid resolution. However, a 12 km grid resolution will sometimes
have difficulty giving an exact representation of the wind directions at
the scale of this report (1.9 km between Portland Power Plant and the
Columbia Lake monitor). In addition, the plume will spread laterally as
it is transported downwind due to dispersion. Lack of an exact match of
the air trajectory from Portland to the monitor does not imply the
source is not impacting the monitor. 

Evaluation of the Episodes

Episode I (September 24, 2010)

The first episode occurred on September 24, 2010 during the middle of
the day. The 1-hour SO2 concentrations measured during this episode
exceeded the new 1-hour SO2 NAAQS for four hours. The measured values
before, during, and after the exceedances are listed in Table 3. The SO2
values measured during this episode are shown graphically in Figure 4.

The hourly SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and
the Martins Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 starting at Hour 10 (10 am)
on September 24, 2010 and continuing through 2 pm are also listed in
Table 3. As can be seen, the hourly emissions from Portland Units 1 and
2 were significant during this time period. The values range from 50 to
60 percent of each unit’s maximum allowable emission rate (Unit 1
allowable emission rate = 5,820 lbs/hr, Unit 2 allowable emission rate =
8,900 lbs/hr). During the period of monitored exceedances of the 1-hour
SO2 NAAQS, the emissions from Martins Creek Units 3 and 4 were
negligible. 

Table 3. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP
Columbia Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 10 thru 15 September 24, 2010 a 

Hour (EDT)	SO2 (ppb)	SO2 (µg/m3)	Portland Unit 1 (lbs/hr)	Portland Unit
2 (lbs/hr)	Martins Creek Units 3 & 4 (lbs/hr)

10	35	91	2,985	4,771	40

11	98	256	3,140	5,447	44

12	109	285	3,133	5,995	44

13	136	355	3,005	4,933	77

14	89	233	3,034	4,858	243

15	69	179	3,231	5,103	1,809

Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.

Figure 4. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Columbia Lake
Monitor from 8:00 to 17:00 September 24, 2010.

Figures 5 through 8 show the forward, downwind trajectories of three
parcels of air at different heights starting at the Portland Power Plant
stacks. The four hours shown are those when the Columbia WMA monitor
recorded 1-hour SO2 above the 75 ppb threshold. The circles on the three
trajectories indicate the distance transported downwind every 5 minutes.

Figure 5 shows the first hour of this episode (11 am) when the 1-hour
SO2 NAAQS threshold of 75 ppb was exceeded. While there is some
directional wind shear, there is a relatively consistent moderate wind
speed at all three levels. The plume starts on a trajectory that would
carry the plume to the east of the monitor, but is brought back towards
the west at the lower levels. This pattern continues during the next
three hours, as shown by the trajectories in Figures 6 through 8. 



Figure 5.  September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the
Portland Power Plant (starting time of 11am EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 98ppb

Figure 6.  September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the
Portland Power Plant (starting time of 12pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory 

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 109 ppb

Figure 7.  September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the
Portland Power Plant (starting time of 1pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory 

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 136 ppb

Figure 8.  September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the
Portland Power Plant (starting time of 2pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory 

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 89 ppb

Episode II (September 29, 2010)

A 1-hour high SO2 episode that occurred on September 29, 2010 was
evaluated. The SO2 concentrations monitored from hours 10 thru14 EDT
(10:00 am to 2:59 pm EST) on September 29, 2010 are listed in Table 4.
During hour 11 the measured 1-hour SO2 concentration in this episode
exceeds the 1 hour SO2 NAAQS. The SO2 values measured before, during,
and after this one hour exceedance are shown graphically in Figure 9.

The hourly SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and
Martins Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 during Episode II are also
listed in Table 2. Portland Unit’s 1 and 2 emitted between 50-60
percent of their allowable SO2 during this episode. Martins Creek Units
3 and 4 were not in operation.

Table 4. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP
Columbia Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 10 thru 14 September 29, 2010

Hour (EST)	SO2 (ppb)	SO2 (µg/m3)	Portland Unit 1 (lbs/hr)	Portland Unit
2 (lbs/hr)	Martins Creek Units 3 & 4 (lbs/hr)

10	14	37	3,117	4,926	0

11	92	240	3,197	4,951	0

12	46	120	2,700	4,327	0

13	22	58	3,154	4,854	0

14	5	13	3,218	4,993	0

Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.

Figure 9. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Colombia Lake
Monitor from 9:00 to 14:00 September 29, 2010.

Figure 10 shows the three forward trajectories of the air at different
heights for the one hour during this episode that the monitor’s
measurement exceeded the 1-hour 75 ppb threshold. Little directional or
speed wind shear is shown. The wind speed at all three levels is
relatively low, approximately 3 mph. The plume trajectory carries
directly to the monitor. 

Figure 10.  September 29, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the
Portland Power Plant (starting time of 11 am EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory 

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 92 ppb

Episode III (October 30, 2010)

The extended period of high SO2 concentrations that occurred on October
30, 2010 was evaluated. The SO2 concentrations monitored from hours 7 -
23 EDT (7:00 am to 11:59 pm EDT) on October 30, 2010 are listed in Table
5. During three of the hours of this episode the measured 1-hour SO2
concentration exceeded the 1 hour SO2 NAAQS. The concentration on hour
20 (183 ppb or 479 ug/m3) is the highest 1-hour concentration measured
between September 23 and February 17, 2011. In addition, the 1-hour SO2
concentration measured on hours 13 and 21 also exceed the 1-hour NAAQS.
The SO2 values measured during this episode are shown graphically in
Figure 11. 

Portland Unit’s 1 and 2 emitted between approximately 25- 45 percent
of its allowable SO2 during the exceedances of the NAAQS that occurred
during this episode, while Unit 2 emitted between approximately 35- 45
percent of its allowable SO2 emission rate. These emissions Units 1 and
2 are lower than Episodes I and II.  As in the previous episodes,
Martins Creek Units 3 and 4 were not in operation.

Table 5. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP
Columbia Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 7 thru 23 October 30, 2010

Hour (EST)	SO2 (ppb)	SO2 (µg/m3)	Portland Unit 1 (lbs/hr)	Portland Unit
2 (lbs/hr)	Martins Creek Units 3 & 4 (lbs/hr)

7	3	8	1,830	3,728	0

8	22	58	2,477	3,788	0

9	72	189	2,594	3,830	0

10	31	81	2,618	4,011	0

11	3	8	2,579	3,752	0

12	61	160	1,688	3,428	0

13	83	217	1,553	3,359	0

14	7	18	1,542	2,024	0

15	8	 21	1,527	1,960	0

16	5	13	1,514	2,087	0

17	6	16	1,946	3,824	0

18	3	8	2,818	4,276	0

19	68	178	2,527	3,805	0

20	183	479	2,552	3,848	0

21	149	390	2,202	3,449	0

22	39	102	1,599	2,812	0

23	3	8	1,667	2,085	0

Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.

Figure 11. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Colombia Lake
Monitor from 7:00 to 23:00 October 30, 2010.

The trajectory for the first hour of exceedance (hour 13) is shown in
Figure 12. Though not shown to be directly impacting the monitor, the
winds are in a general direction that transports the plume towards the
monitor. The winds are relatively strong with no vertical wind shear.
Unfortunately, there is no NAM wind trajectory data available from the
HYSPLIT web site for the other two hours episode when the 1-hour NAAQS
is exceeded (hours 20 and 21). Data is available from the previous hour,
hour 19 (7 pm). The trajectories for this hour are shown in Figure 13.
The trajectories at all three levels are toward the monitor.

Figure 12.  October 30, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland
Power Plant (starting time of 1 pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory 

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 83 ppb

Figure 13.  October 30, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland
Power Plant (starting time of 7 pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 68 ppb, next hour (8 pm) = 183 ppm

Episode IV (December 30, 2010)

The final episode evaluated occurred on December 30, 2010 during the
middle of the day. The 1-hour SO2 concentrations measured during this
episode exceeded the new 1-hour SO2 NAAQS during one hour, hour 12
(EST). The measured values before, during, and after the exceedances are
listed in Table 6. 

The hourly SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and
Martins Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 during Episode IV are also
listed in Table 6. Unit 1’s SO2 emissions were at approximately 55
percent of its allowable rate when high SO2 values were measured at the
monitor. The emissions from Unit 2 were dropping from 45 percent of its
allowable in the previous hour to 0 percent in the subsequent hour after
exceedance. The Martins Creek units were not in operation. The SO2
values measured before, during, and after this episode are shown
graphically in Figure 14.

Table 6. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP
Columbia Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 9 thru 15 December 30, 2010

Hour (EDT)	SO2 (ppb)	SO2 (µg/m3)	Portland Unit 1 (lbs/hr)	Portland Unit
2 (lbs/hr)	Martins Creek Units 3 & 4 (lbs/hr)

9	0	0	3,992	6,365	0

10	17	45	3,890	6,158	0

11	56	147	3,403	3,942	0

12	83	217	3,330	1,713	0

13	39	102	3,213	0	0

14	8	21	3,255	0	0

a. Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold. 

Figure 14. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Colombia Lake
Monitor from 10:00 to 16:00 December 30, 2010.

Figure 15 shows the three forward trajectories of the air at different
heights for the one hour during this episode that the monitor’s
measurement exceeded the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS level of 75 ppb. A great deal
of vertical directional and speed wind shear is shown. The wind speeds
at the 10m level are low, approximately 3 mph. As the plume travels down
through the atmosphere, the lower level winds transport it in a westerly
direction towards the monitor. 

Figure 15.  December 30, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the
Portland Power Plant (starting time of 11 am EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial
plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 83 ppb

Comparison of the Concentrations Measured at the Columbia Lake WMA
Ambient Air Monitor with AERMOD Model Predictions

Predictions of the 1-hour SO2 impacts from SO2 emissions from the
Portland Power Plant are documented in the NJDEP Bureau of Technical
Services reports: AERMOD Modeling Analysis of the 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide
Impacts Due to Emissions from the Portland Generating Station (July 30,
2010).  Using the model setup and assumptions described in this
document, an additional AERMOD model run was conducted with a receptor
located at the Columbia Lake WMA monitor. 

To our knowledge, meteorological data suitable for use in AERMOD that is
concurrent with the September 23, 2010 to February 17, 2011 monitoring
period is not being collected at this time. Therefore, concentrations at
the Columbia Lake WMA monitor had to be estimated using the September
23, 1993 to February 17, 1994 meteorological data. Three emission
scenarios were modeled.

Emission Scenario #1 (Average Emissions)

The first scenario used the average hourly SO2 emission rates of
Portland Units 1 and 2 during the period when Columbia Lake WMA
monitoring is available. The hourly SO2 emissions data is only available
from 2010; there is no 2011 data. Therefore, concentrations at the
Columbia Lake WMA monitor were estimated using the average hourly SO2
emission rate of Portland Units 1 and 2 from September through December
2010. As in the trajectory analysis, the hourly emissions of SO2 from
Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and the Martins Creek Power Plant
Units 3 and 4 were obtained from the EPA Clean Air Markets web site ( 
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/" 
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/ ).  

The average hourly SO2 emission rate from September through December
2010 was as follows:

	Unit 1 = 1,749 lb/hr (30 percent of the allowable emission rate of
5,820 lb/hr),

	Unit 2 = 3,426 lb/hr (38.5 percent of the allowable emission rate of
8,900 lb/hr)

The average hourly heat input for the two units in MMBtu was also
available from the EPA Clean Air Markets web site. The average hourly
heat input during the September through December 2010 time period was as
follows:

Unit 1 = 665 MMBtu/hr (40 percent of the maximum heat input of 1,657
MMBtu/hr),

Unit 2 = 1,281 MMBtu/hr (51 percent of the maximum heat input of 2,512
MMBtu/hr)

The exit velocity of each stack will be a function of the unit’s heat
input. Therefore, each unit’s maximum load exit velocity was reduced
by 60 percent for Unit 1 and 49 percent for Unit 2. Using these adjusted
emission rates and exit velocities, the AEMOD model was run and
predictions made at the location of the Columbia Lake WMA monitor. 

Emission Scenario #2 (50 Percent of Allowable Emissions)

The trajectory analysis found that during the monitored exceedances of
the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS, Portland Units 1 and 2 on average typically were
emitting SO2 at approximately 50 percent of their allowable rate.
Therefore, AEMOD model was run with Portland Units 1 and 2 were emitting
SO2 at 50 percent of their allowable rate. The exit velocities from the
previous scenario were also used.

Emission Scenario #3 (Allowable Emissions)

The third scenario was run using the allowable SO2 emission rate of both
Unit 1 and Unit 2 and an exit velocity representative of 100 percent
load. 

Results

Table 7 compares the 10 highest AERMOD 1-hour predictions for the three
emission scenarios with the top 10 monitored 1-hour SO2 concentrations.
Because the time period of the meteorology (September 23, 1993 thru
February 17, 1994) is not the same year as the monitoring data
(September 23, 2010 thru February 17, 2011), these results should be
considered an approximation of model accuracy in reproducing observed
concentrations at the Columbia Lake WMA monitor.  That said, AERMOD
using the Emission Scenario #1 (average actual SO2 emissions) and
Emission Scenario #2 (50 percent of allowable SO2 emissions) predict
lower concentrations than the monitored values. Emission Scenario #3
(allowable SO2 emissions) provides the most accurate model predictions.
This suggests that in the reports: AERMOD Modeling Analysis of the
1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Impacts Due to Emissions from the Portland
Generating Station (July 30, 2010), the model predictions made assuming
Portland Unit 1 and 2 are emitting at their allowable SO2 emission rate
may most accurately reflect actual SO2 concentrations in the vicinity of
the plant.

Table 7. Comparison of Top 10 AERMOD Predicted 1-Hour SO2 Concentrations
to Monitored Values a, b

Ranked 1-Hour SO2	Modeled Avg. SO2 Emissions

(ug/m3)	Modeled 50 % of Allowable SO2 Emissions 

(ug/m3)	Modeled

Allowable SO2 Emissions (ug/m3)	

Monitored Concentrations  (ug/m3)

1	312	443	774	480

2	206	296	463	427

3	189	271	405	390

4	162	234	337	356

5	139	202	289	349

6	133	200	259	291

7	131	192	259	286

8	130	189	257	275

9	125	182	246	257

10	125	181	245	241

# of Exceedence Days	2	4	10	9

a.	Model predictions based on meteorology from Sept. 23, 1993 through
Feb. 17, 1994. 

b.	Monitored values measured from Sept. 23, 2010 through Feb. 17, 2011.

CONCLUSION

Monitoring data from the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area in
Knowlton Township, Warren County, New Jersey showed exceedances of the
1-hour SO2 

NAAQS on nine days between September 23, 2010 and February 17, 2011.  Of
these nine exceedances, four episodes when concurrent hourly emissions
data was available were evaluated.  NJDEP’s trajectory analysis
combined with hourly emissions data determined that the Portland Power
Plant in Northampton County, Pennsylvania was the likely cause of these
exceedances.  In addition, a comparison of AERMOD model runs with the
monitoring data showed that AERMOD generally predicted lower
concentrations than the monitored values.  AERMOD predictions were most
accurate when compared to allowable SO2 emission rates at Portland’s
Units 1 and 2 suggesting that the allowable SO2 emission rates most
accurately reflect actual SO2 concentrations at the Plant. 



Appendix A

Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations Measured at the

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor

(September 23, 2010 through 

February 17, 2011)

Date	hr 0	hr 

1	hr 

2	hr 

3	hr 

4	hr 

5	hr 

6	hr 

7	hr 

8	hr 

9	hr 

10	hr 11	hr 

12	hr 13	hr 14	hr 15	hr 16	hr 17	hr 18	hr 19	hr 20	hr 21	hr 22	hr 23	MAX

9/23/2010	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	41	15	4	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
41

9/24/2010	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	6	7	35	98	109	136	89	69	18	4	2	2	2	1	1	1	136

9/25/2010	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	2

9/26/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1

9/27/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

9/28/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	16	5	9	3	1	1	0	0	0	16

9/29/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	92	46	22	5	17	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	92

9/30/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	7	0	7

10/1/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/2/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/3/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/4/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2

10/5/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/6/2010	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	36	10	35	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	36

10/7/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/8/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	**	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

10/9/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

10/10/200	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	2

10/11/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/12/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/13/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/14/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/15/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/16/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/17/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	3	3	3	3	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3

10/18/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/19/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	5	15	10	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15

10/20/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	27	38	6	66	39	27	31	5	1	0	0	0	0	0	66

10/21/2010	0	5	25	7	0	0	44	57	58	12	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	58

10/22/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/23/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	5	14	8	7	5	4	4	4	3	2	2	1	1	1	1	14

10/24/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	6	2	19	28	14	7	2	1	1	1	1	1	0	28

10/25/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	17	52	28	14	32	33	32	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	30	52

10/26/2010	2	1	0	**	**	**	**	0	0	0	4	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
0	4

10/27/2010	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	1	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5

Date	hr 0	hr 

1	hr 

2	hr 

3	hr 

4	hr 

5	hr 

6	hr 

7	hr 

8	hr 

9	hr 

10	hr 11	hr 

12	hr 13	hr 14	hr 15	hr 16	hr 17	hr 18	hr 19	hr 20	hr 21	hr 22	hr 23	MAX

10/28/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	41	28	40	67	65	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	67

10/29/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

10/30/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	3	22	72	31	3	61	83	7	8	5	6	3	68	183	149	39	3
183

10/31/2010	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

11/1/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/2/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/3/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	22	11	19	72	43	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	72

11/4/2010	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

11/5/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/6/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/7/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/8/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0

11/9/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/10/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/11/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/12/2010	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

11/13/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/14/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2

11/15/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	12	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	12

11/16/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/17/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2

11/18/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1

11/19/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/20/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/21/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9

11/22/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	12	4	16	28	16	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	28

11/23/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	8	24	33	17	16	10	1	2	0	3	0	0	0	33

11/24/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/25/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18	70	22	16	10	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70

11/26/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	12	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	12

11/27/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7

11/28/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

11/29/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	32	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	32

11/30/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/1/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Date	hr 0	hr 

1	hr 

2	hr 

3	hr 

4	hr 

5	hr 

6	hr 

7	hr 

8	hr 

9	hr 

10	hr 11	hr 

12	hr 13	hr 14	hr 15	hr 16	hr 17	hr 18	hr 19	hr 20	hr 21	hr 22	hr 23	MAX

12/2/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/3/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0

12/4/2010	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
0	0

12/5/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/6/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/7/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/8/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/9/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/10/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	9	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9

12/11/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	7	8	52	58	7	4	1	1	1	0	4	6	2	58

12/12/2010	3	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	16	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	16

12/13/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/14/2010	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/15/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/16/2010	0	0	0	0	1	2	11	38	5	5	54	20	35	8	36	5	7	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	54

12/17/2010	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1

12/18/2010	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	12	3	2	5	32	22	14	4	8	4	1	1	0	0	0	32

12/19/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1

12/20/2010	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

12/21/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/22/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/23/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/24/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/25/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/26/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/27/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/28/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	**	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

12/29/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

12/30/2010	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	17	56	83	39	8	8	9	3	2	2	3	2	3	2	83

12/31/2010	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	23	71	9	6	6	5	4	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	71

1/1/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	31	7	12	16	33	16	3	1	1	2	1	1	0	0	33

1/2/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1

1/3/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

1/4/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	4	7	8	30	19	5	1	2	4	4	3	2	0	0	30

1/5/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Date	hr 0	hr 

1	hr 

2	hr 

3	hr 

4	hr 

5	hr 

6	hr 

7	hr 

8	hr 

9	hr 

10	hr 11	hr 

12	hr 13	hr 14	hr 15	hr 16	hr 17	hr 18	hr 19	hr 20	hr 21	hr 22	hr 23	MAX

1/6/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	28	12	20	35	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	35

1/7/2011	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	10	2	4	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	10

1/8/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11	23	22	6	5	2	2	3	3	2	1	0	23

1/9/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

1/10/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	**	**	**	0

1/11/2011	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1

1/12/2011	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4	7	7	6	5	1	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7

1/13/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

1/14/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

1/15/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	8	6	4	21	5	5	18	14	2	2	2	2	2	21

1/16/2011	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3

1/17/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	3	2	4

1/18/2011	2	2	3	2	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3

1/19/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	2	1	3	1	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3

1/20/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	7	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	7

1/21/2011	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2

1/22/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	20	43	133	21	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	133

1/23/2011	0	0	1	0	2	5	11	10	8	5	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11

1/24/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	163	33	76	32	57	7	2	2	3	4	5	6	163

1/25/2011	6	6	7	9	6	5	4	8	6	8	21	14	33	28	27	13	6	6	5	4	4	5	4	4	33

1/26/2011	4	3	4	5	4	5	6	7	6	6	6	6	5	2	1	2	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	7

1/27/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

1/28/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	6	26	26	21	15	3	2	2	2	2	2	1	0	26

1/29/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	2	42	13	15	14	3	1	2	2	2	1	0	0	42

1/30/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	3	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4

1/31/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

2/1/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

2/2/2011	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0	1	1	1	1	0	1

2/3/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	1	0	1

2/4/2011	2	6	4	2	4	3	2	2	4	11	11	19	13	15	4	31	44	17	4	4	3	1	1	1	44

2/5/2011	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	3	10	8	5	4	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	12	7	0	12

2/6/2011	4	5	3	2	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5

2/7/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	12	37	21	50	46	7	16	17	16	8	3	1	0	0	50

2/8/2011	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

2/9/2011	0	0	0	0	0	**	1	1	26	7	9	3	42	33	54	48	4	1	12	7	35	30	14	**	54

Date	hr 0	hr 

1	hr 

2	hr 

3	hr 

4	hr 

5	hr 

6	hr 

7	hr 

8	hr 

9	hr 

10	hr 11	hr 

12	hr 13	hr 14	hr 15	hr 16	hr 17	hr 18	hr 19	hr 20	hr 21	hr 22	hr 23	MAX

2/10/2011	1	6	4	4	4	4	4	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	6	6	15	15

2/11/2011	22	31	40	7	3	**	2	2	3	18	51	66	**	49	54	37	7	2	3	3	3	2	1	1	66

2/12/2011	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	3	20	8	2	2	2	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20

2/13/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	61	78	85	111	56	71	71	11	3	1	11	1	1	1	111

2/14/2011	0	0	0	0	1	1	3	4	23	38	78	38	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	78

2/15/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	**	**	0	**	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

2/16/2011	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	32	64	105	33	39	21	33	1	4	1	1	0	0	0	1	105

2/17/2011	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	3	3	2	1	1	1	0	0	0	3

** = missing or bad data

 PAGE   

 PAGE   3 

NJDEP Division of Air Quality		2/28/2011

Bureau of Technical Services