Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0556-0007
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2007-07-11T04:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, DC 20460

			OFFICE OF  PREVENTION, PESTICIDES,  AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

 

MEMORANDUM								June 28, 2007

Subject:	 Environmental Fate Transport Assessment for
Copper-8-Quinolinolate

From:		A. Najm Shamim, PhD, Chemist

		Regulatory Management Branch II

		Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

To:		Tim McMahon, PhD, Risk Assessor and Senior Toxicologist

		Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

				And

		Kathryn Jakob, CRM for Copper -8-Quinolinoate RED

		Regulatory Management Branch II

		Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

Thru:		Diane Isbell, Acting Team leader,

		Regulatory Management Branch II

		Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

			And

	

		Mark Hartman, Chief

		Regulatory Management Branch II

		Antimicrobials Division (7510P)

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE SCEINCE CHAPTER ON:

COPPER 8-QUINOLINOLATE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Copper 8-quinolinolate is an antimicrobial pesticide registered for use
as a fungicide and as Antisapstain for Wood.

Copper -8-Quinolinoate is stable hydrolytically at pHs 5, 7, and 9 but
photolytically it is not stable. More than 80% of it is stable in
aerobic and anaerobic soils. For aerobic soils, its half life is about
four months, and for anaerobic soils its half life may be over one year.
It does not show any tendency to migrate from top soils. It is therefore
likely to contaminate surface water by route of surface water run-offs.
Its degradation pathway appears to be aqueous photolysis with a half
life between 60 hours to 96 hours.

Leaching from (sapstain use) treated Douglas fir wood  is  666 mg/1000 
treated board feet while for Hemlock it is 229 mg/1000 treated board
feet after 8 simulated rain cycles.

Estimated log Kow for Copper 8-quinolinolate is 2.5 which indicates that
copper 8-quinolinolate is not likely to be bioaccummulative in aquatic
organisms like fish.

Copper -8 quinolinoate appears to be persistent in water and soils and
is not likely to bioaccummulate

Environmental Fate and Transport Assessment of Copper-8 Quinolinoate

Abiotic Degradation:

Copper 8-quinolinolate is hydrolytically stable under sterile conditions
at pHs 5, 7 and 9. Its half life at pH 5 was extrapolated to 630 days.
The half life at pHs 7 and 9   samples could not be experimentally
determined or calculated  as the slope resulting from the linear
regression analysis of each pH was a positive number. The half-lives
were much greater than 30 days. 

 

Photolytically copper-8 quinolinate is unstable and unsensitized samples
degraded within 96 hours (a.i. 0.06 ppm ) and 60 hours (a.i. 0.2 ppm );
while acetone sensitized samples degraded within 24 minutes.

It leaches out from the wood surfaces when treated for antisapstain use.
For Hemlock and Douglas Fir treated wood, leaching increases for the
first four days and attains the minimum level after 8 days. Rate of
leaching is dependent on the concentration and retention of the active
on the wood surfaces.

Biotic Degradation:

Aerobic soil metabolism: Results from Japanese study conducted on two
soils (US equivalent of light loam and loam) indicate up to  15%
biodegradation  of the complex by week 16. 

 A similar study aerobic soil metabolism was conducted on two European
soils:  (US equivalents of: loamy sand and sandy loam). In both soils,
the a.i distributed into the soil system within 2 days after
application, @ 1 ppm concentration (DT-50) and in 48 days @ 9.5 ppm a.i.
concentration (DT-90).  Half lives were not measured. Study results
indicated the formation of many metabolites. However only a major
metabolite identified was the free ligand.

Adorption/desorption/Soil Column Leaching Studies.	

Two studies were conducted on non-aged soil and aged soil samples. Both
studies were run with four European soils and US equivalents soils are:
sandy loam, loamy sand, sand and loamy sand. In the samples of non-aged
soils,  90% of the active was detected on the top 0-6 cm soil columns.
For aged soils, 87.9% of the active stayed in the top 0-6 cm soil
columns. Copper-8 does appear to be mobile in various soils and is not
likely to migrate out into ground water.

Bioaccumulation

Estimated log Kow for Copper 8-quinolinolate is 2.5 which indicates that
copper 8-quinolinolate is not likely to be bioaccumulative in aquatic
organisms like fish. 

 Leaching into Soils from Sapstain Treatment of Wood

Two Studies were conducted in Canada on Hemlock and Douglas fir wood
boards treated with the copper-8 active. Retention of the active on
Hemlock wood boards was 11.6 µg/cm2.  Total amount of the active
applied was 24.3 g/1000 feet treated board (each board dimensions were: 
1.18” x 3.54” x 8’). The total amount of the active that leached
out was 229 mg/1000 feet treated board after eight cycles of simulated
rainfall treatment. Each simulated rain cycle lasted 5 hours @ 3 mm/hour
and total simulated rainfall was 15 mm/cycle. For the Douglas fir wood
boards the retention of the active was 22 µg/cm2 and the total amount
of cooper-8 applied was 39.0 g/1000 feet treated board (each board
dimensions were: 1.5” x 3.5” x 8’). Total amount of the active
leached out after 8 simulated rainfall cycles was 666 mg/1000 board
feet.

In both studies the leaching rates increased for the first four rainfall
cycles and declined thereafter.

		APPENDIX TO COPPER 8-QUINOLINOLATE SCIENCE CHAPTER

			A Summary of Environmental Fate Studies on Copper  8-Quinolinolate

Hydrolysis study of Copper 8-Quinolinolate

MRID#: 42899001

CAS#:	   10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Hydrolysis of [14C] Oxine Copper at pH 5, 7 and 9,
1993

Study Authors: A. Kesterson B.A. and Brenda Lawrence, 1993

Submitted by:  La Quinoleine et.al derives, S.A., France

Performing Laboratory: PTRL East, Inc.

Laboratory Report #: 1244

   14C radiolabeled Copper 8-quinolinolate with radiochemical purity of
>99% was dissolved in methylene chloride. Specific activity for this was
determined at 39.6 millicurie/millimole (mCi/mMol), transferred to 250
ml flasks, and solvent evaporated out through the passage of nitrogen. 
Analyses for total radioactivity were performed using High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique.  Samples were chromatographed
using HLPC technique by injecting directly onto a modular liquid
chromatograph.

	Results from the HLPC techniques:

Radiolabeled Copper 8-quinolinolate was found to be stable in buffered
aqueous medium at pHs 5, 7 and 9 with applied radioactivity was measured
at 146 ml (acetate) at pH 5,  25.8 ml at pH 7 (phosphate buffer), and 46
ml at pH 9 (borate).  

Half lives were estimated at 630 days for pH 5 solutions.  A half-life
could not be calculated for the pH 7 and 9 samples because the slope
resulting from the linear regression analysis of each pH was a positive
number; however, it is evident that the half-lives were much greater
than 30 days. Degradates produced were no more than 3.1% and no attempt
was made to identify these metabolites.

The study fulfilled the data requirements and was acceptable.

Aqueous Photolysis Study of  Copper 8-Quinolinolate

MRID#: 42925501

CAS#:    10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Ro 17-0099/022 (14C-Copper 8-quinolinolate)
Photodegradation Studies in Aqueous Solution, 1991

	Study Authors: S. Dennis

	Submitted by: La Quinoleine et ses derives, S.A., France

Performing Laboratory:  RES Dr. R. MAAG AG, CH-8157 Dielsdorf
Switzerland

	Laboratory Report #: RES-MET Q13

    14C radiolabeled Copper 8-quinolinolate, with a radiochemical purity
of 98% and at specific activity of 26 mCi/mMol was dissolved in ethanol
which is evaporated out. Samples were irradiated with xenon arc lamp.
Dark control and irradiated samples were analyzed for total
radioactivity by using Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) technique.
The a.i samples investigated were at 0.2 and 0.06 ppm  a.i
concentrations.

	Results from  LSC and HPLC Techniques:

	After an irradiation time of 72 hours (0.2 ppm, preparative photolysis)
43.0% of the dose was Ro 17-0099 (as Ro 01-8629), while 43.4% was water
soluble, polar photoproduct.  The amount of radio-CO2 produced at this
point accounted for 2.6%.

Photolysis of unsensitized  samples were 60 hours  (0.2 ppm  a.i
samples) and 96 hours (0.06 ppm  a.i. samples). Photodegradation of a.i.
was rapid under acetone-sensitized irradiation conditions. The half life
for 0.2 ppm a.i. samples was 24 minutes.  Within 720 minutes (12 hours)
of irradiation only about 7% of the radioactivity was organic
extractable, while 63% remained in the aqueous phase after extraction. 
About 18% radio-CO2 was produced in this time period.

The only photoproduct formed other than radio-CO2 was a polar double
hydroxylated form of quinoline.  This polar degradation product was
isolated from the aqueous phase and identified by MS analysis.

The ethanol co-solvent (1%) did not influence the degradation kinetics
when compared with the acetonitrile co-solvent (1%), suggesting a true
unsensitized photolysis of a.i.

Dark controls of all conditions were stable. The study did not mention
the pH at which this study was conducted.

The study fulfills the fate data requirement and was acceptable.

3	Aerobic Soil Metabolism of Oxine Copper Technical (K-37)

MRID#: 43677301

CAS#: 10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Oxine Copper Technical (K-37): Metabolism in Aerobic
Soil, 1995

Study Authors: Y. Esumi

Submitted by: Tomono Agrica Co., Ltd. Shizuoka City, Japan

Performing Laboratories: Tokai research Laboratories Daichi Pure
Chemicals Co., Ltd.

Laboratory Report #: AE-976-1

This study was conducted  on radiolabeled K-37 using  two Japanese
soils: mineral/volcanic loamy soil (2.6% grit, 20.8% fine, 44.7% silt,
31.9% clay, 2.35 organic matter, pH 6.3, CEC 15.7 meq/100g Shiuoka-light
loam) and (27.1% grit, 25.9% fine, 27.4% silt, 19.6% clay, 6.17 organic
matter, pH 5.4, CEC 23.8 meq/100g Ibaraki-loam).  These two soils with
the specifications given have US soils equivalency of light loam and
loam respectively. 14C-K-37(6.7 µCi/mg) was mixed with certain amount
of non-labelled K-37.  The specific radioactivity of this mixture was
15.8 µCi/mg. This mixture was diluted with aquatic solution containing
dispersion agent in order to prepare application suspension (1mg/ml). 
The specific radioactivity of this suspension was 15.8 µCi/ml.  Fifty
grams of Shizuoka soil (as dry weight) or 25g of Ibaraki soil (as dry
weight) was took into conical flask of 200ml volume and water was added
so that maximum water holding capacity (60%) was obtained.    

For analysis, soil samples were shaken vigorously for 10 minutes and
centrifuged for 10 minutes (3,000 rpm) and the decanted water samples
were analyzed using Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) technique. Soil
residue samples were analyzed after extraction with 0.05N KOH in
methanol:water:hydrochloric acid (80:18:2) mixture and twice in1% HCl in
methanol.  

Unextractable soil residues was put in paper cups, dried at 40°C  for
24 hours in an electric oven (IC-102, Yamato Kgaku Company), and then
combusted in a Sample Oxidizer (ASC-112, ALOKA). 

Results From LSC, TLC, and HPLC Techniques:

Under aerobic soil conditions, 14C-K-37 was decomposed to 14CO2 and its
exhausted amount was 10, 15 and 19% of treated amount for Shizuoka soil
at the week 4, 8 and 16 after application, and 5, 9 and 15% of treated
amount for Ibaraki soil at the week 4, 8 and 16 after application,
respectively.

In the extraction of the soil in incubation at the week 1, 2, 4, 8 and
16 week after application with 80% methanol, acidic methanol and 1N
sodium hydroxide as in order, almost no radioactivity was detected in
the extract with 80% methanol of Shizuoka, Ibaraki and sterilized
Ibaraki soil and there was no change on time course.  In acidic methanol
extraction, the extract of each soil showed decreases of radioactivity
on time course. 

This study was conducted for 16 weeks and did not result in any
unequivocal results. It however, did indicate that both in the
sterilized as well as non-sterilized soils, the active does metabolizes.
A number of metabolites were detected but except for the identification
of the free ligand, no other metabolites were identified.

The study is acceptable as a supplemental.

Laboratory Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

MRID#: 429255-02

CAS#: 10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Laboratory  Aerobic Soil Metabolism, 1991

Study Author Dr. S. Dennis

Submitted by: Drs. P.A. Vonder Muhll, and R. Maag, CH 8157-Dielsdorf,
Switzerland.

Performing Laboratories: Metabolism Section (RES), Dr. R. Maag
AG,CH-8157 Dielsdorf, Switzerland

Laboratory Report #: RES-MET Q101

This study was conducted on European soils with radiolabeled active
ingredient. The soils were: BBA 2.2 soil (equivalent to US  loamy sand)
and Dielsdorf soil (equivalent to US sandy loam) Following
characteristics differentiated the two soils.

Soil type	BBA 2.2	Dielsdorf

Texture	Loamy sand	Sandy loam

pH	6.0	6.4

Organic Carbon	2.4	2.4

Water Content at 0.33 bar (%w/w)	11.6	28.0

Particle Size Distribution	Clay: 6.2

Silt: 6.8

Sand: 82.9	Clay: 16.9

Silt:30.0

Sand:49.0

Results From The Study:

The aerobic metabolism study of the a.i. was investigated on BBA 2.2
soil primarily. It was conducted in a close system with the incubation
temperature was of 20 oC. The a.i. concentrations were 1.0 ppm and 9.5
ppm.

The metabolic half life (DT-50) of the a.i. @ 1.0 ppm in BBA 2.2 soil
was 2 days while @ 9.5 ppm level  DT-90  was  48 days. Dielsdorf soil
was similarly treated and the dissipation distribution was similar to
the BBA 2.2 soil. The metabolite in both soils was the free ligand and
its presence was confirmed by mass spectral analysis.

The study fulfils the fate data requirements and is acceptable.

5.	Migration Study of Cooper -8-Quinolinolate OR

Soil/Sediment Adsorption-desorption of Copper 8-Quinolinolate

MRID#: 42925503

CAS#: 10380-28-6

Title of the Study: Ro 17-0099/022: Laboratory Non-Aged Leaching Study,
1991

Study Authors; Dr. S. Sack

Submitted by: La Quinoleine et ses derives, SA

Performing Laboratory: Metabolism Section, Department of Registration
and Environmental Studies (RES). CH-8157 Dielsdorf, Switzerland

Lab ID#: RES-MET Q102

Results From the Study:

The Study was conducted on four European soils: Dielsdorf soil (US
equivalency is sandy loam), Steinmaur soil (US equivalency is loam), BBA
2.1 (US equivalency is sand), and BBA 2.2 (US equivalency is loamy
sand). 

A 30 cm column was used to investigate the leaching or migration of the
active through the soils. The air was radiolabeled. Column with each
soil was loaded with radio labeled a.i @ 500 g/hectre. Simulated rain
(consisting of 997 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2) was poured down the column. 

90% of the active was found to stay between 0 to 6 cm of the column,
strongly indicating   the a.i. does not leach or migrate.

The study fulfils the fate data requirements and is acceptable.

6	Migration Study of  Copper -8- Quinolinloate  OR

Soil/Sediment Adsorption-desorption of Copper 8-Quinolinolate

MRID#: 42925504

CAS#: 10380-28-6

Title of the Study: Ro 17-0099/022: Laboratory Aged Leaching Study, 1991

Study Authors; Dr. S. Sack

Submitted by: La Quinoleine et ses derives, SA

Performing Laboratory: Metabolism Section, Department of Registration
and Environmental Studies (RES). CH-8157 Dielsdorf, Switzerland

Lab ID#: RES-MET Q103

Results From the Study:

Aerobic soil metabolism study showed that the major metabolite is the
free ligand which appears within 48 hours. For the aged leaching study
the active and  its major metabolite were investigated for migration
characteristic. The study was similar to the non-aged leaching study. 
As in the non-aged leaching study four European soils were used.
Dielsdorf soil (US equivalent is sandy loam), Steinmaur soil (US
equivalent is loam), BBA 2.1 (US equivalent is sand), and BBA 2.2 ( US
equivalent is loamy sand). The soils were individually packed  on a 30
cm column and loaded  with the active and the metabolite. The a.i was
radiolabeled. Each column was treated with simulated rain (997 ml of
0.01 M CaCl2).  For all samples 87.9% of the applied dose remained
within the 0-6 cm layer. The 6-12 cm layer contained 4.3% of the applied
dose of the active and the metabolite. The active and its metabolite do
not show a tendency to migrate or leach from the soils. The soil
residues were treated with acetone (containing no Copper
-8-qunilinolate). The slurry was analyzed by LSC.

The soil residues were treated with acetone (containing no Copper
-8-qunilinolate). The slurry was analyzed by LSC.

The active and its metabolite in soil under the leaching conditions have
an environmentally relevant mobility in the investigated model systems. 
Thus, there is no danger to deeper soil layers and the ground water by
Ro 170099/022 applied to the surface of soils with the texture types
sand, sandy loam, loamy sand or loam. 

The study fulfils the fate data requirements and is acceptable.

Leaching Studies:

7a.	Leaching of Copper Oxinate From Treated Wood

MRID#: 436370-01

CAS#: 10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Leaching of Copper Oxinate(Copper 8-Quinolinolate)
From Lumber Spray Treated With Maag Sapstain Control Formulations, 1991

Study Authors: A. Byrne and D. Minchin

Submitted by: Maag Agrochemicals, Inc. Vero Beach, Florida

Performing Laboratory:Forintek Canada Corporation, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5

Laboratory Report #: 17930425

Summary of the Study: 

This was a preparative study conducted with the objective of determining
the quantity of copper oxine which leaches from: 1) freshly cut wood; 2)
planed; 3) rough sawn hem-fir wood. The leaching was triggered with the
simulated rainfall. The wood was treated with Nytek GD and Nytek GD
attached to a sticker. The spray methods were: a) conventional spray
system and b) oil based formulation applied with electrostatic
equipment. 

The simulated rainfall rate was 2.7 mm/hour and was triggered from a
sprinkler system.

Wood samples were treated with the rainfall two hours after the
treatment as well as 24 hours after the treatment.

Results: 1) Leaching was observed with both types of treated wood: Nytek
GD and Nytek GD with a sticker. 2) Amounts of leachates declined with
time; 3)More copper oxine Leached from rough edged wood than with planed
wood when the wood was treated with the conventional spray system; 4)
leaching from 24 hour delayed rainfall treatment was 7% and leaching
from 2 hour delayed rainfall treatment samples was 12% from rough edge
wood samples. Planed wood showed no appreciable difference between the
tow types. Delayed samples leached less; 5) Attachment of sticker did
not result in any difference in leaching; 6) wood samples treated with
electrostatic spray showed less leaching, but the application rate  with
this method of application was less than the conventional method of
spray.

7b:	Leaching of Copper  8-Quinolinaote From Hemlock

MRID#: 436206-02-

CAS#: 10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Electrostatic Application of NYTEK 10BL: Leaching of
Copper 8-Quinolinolate From Hemlock Wood

Study Author:	Matthew Crowe, PhD

Submitted by: Maag Agrochemicals, Inc. Vero Beach, Florida

Performing Waste Management Group: Applied Biology Division, British
Columbia Research Corporation,, Vancouver, BC V6S 2 L2

Laboratory Report #: 2-51384-HEM

Summary of the Study:

This leaching  study  on Hemlock wood was conducted on the antisapstain
formulation NYTEK 10BL. The study was investigated  using The
Environment Canada Standard Leaching Test Procedure for Antispatain
Chemicals. 

1.Nytek BL10 (a.i. is copper 8- quinolinolate)) was applied
electrostatistically to the wood (see section 7a for the reference of
this method) for attaining a retention pressure of 14 µg a.i./cm2;
actual retention was 11.6 µg a.i./cm2.

This retention pressure amounted to a loading of 24.3 g of a.i./1000 
treated wood board feet.

3. Treated wood was stored under cover for twenty four hours prior to
subjecting the wood to rainfall events (cycles).

4. In all the treated wood was subjected to eight cycles of 
natural/simulated rainfall. Each was cycle was of five hour duration.

5. The rainfall rate was 3 mm/hour = 15 mm/leaching cycle.

6. Leachates from treated and untreated wood (blanks) were collected and
analyzed for the determination of the active.

7. The concentrations of the active  leaching increased in the first
four cycles, and thereafter declined.

8. The highest concentration of the active leached I the fourth cycle =
590 ppb, and the least = 330 ppb

9. Total amount leached for eight cycles = 229 mg of the active/1000
board feet

10. From this amount Environment Canada calculated LC50 using  model
they developed.

111.The lumber (board) size was: 1.18” x 3.54” x 8’. In all 240
wood boards were treated, and same number of boards were untreated for
this study.

7c.	

Leaching of Copper  8-Quinolinaote From Douglas Fir Wood

MRID#: 436206-03

CAS#: 10380-28-6

PC Code: 024002

Title of the Study: Electrostatic Application of NYTEK 10BL-PUR:
Leaching of Copper 8-Quinolinolate From Douglas fir Wood

Study Author:	Matthew Crowe, PhD

Submitted by: Maag Agrochemicals, Inc. Vero Beach, Florida

Performing Waste Management Group: Applied Biology Division, British
Columbia Research Corporation,, Vancouver, BC V6S 2 L2

Laboratory Report #: 2-51384-HEM

Summary of the Study:

This leaching  study  on Douglas fir wood was conducted on the
antisapstain formulation NYTEK 10BL-PUR. The study was conducted using
The Environment Canada Standard Leaching Test Procedure for Antisapstain
Chemicals. 

1) Nytek BL10-PUR (a.i. is copper 8- quinolinolate)) was applied
electrostatistically (TOTALSTAT fluid spray system) to the wood (see
section 7a for the reference of this method) for attaining a retention
pressure of 14 µg a.i./cm2; actual retention was 22  µg a.i./cm2.

2. This retention pressure amounted to a loading of 39.0 g of a.i./1000
treated wood board feet.

3. Treated wood was stored under cover for twenty four hours prior to
subjecting the wood to rainfall events (cycles).

4. In all the treated wood was subjected to eight cycles of
natural/simulated rainfall. Each was cycle was of five hour duration.

5. The rainfall rate was 3 mm/hour = 15 mm/leaching cycle.

6. Leachates from treated and untreated wood (blanks) were collected and
analyzed for the determination of the active.

7. The concentrations of the active leaching increased in the first four
cycles, and thereafter declined.

8. The highest concentration of the active leached after the first cycle
= 2,780 ppb, and the least = 780 ppb after the eight cycle

9. Total amount leached for eight cycles = 666 mg of the active/1000
board feet

  From this amount Environment Canada calculated LC50 using model they
developed.

10. The lumber (board) size was: 1.5” x 3.5” x 8’. In all 240 wood
boards were treated, and same number of boards were untreated for this
study.

			BIBLIOGRAPHY

MRID#			Citation

42899001			A. Kesterson, B.A. and Brenda Lawrence, 1993. Hydrolysis of
[14C]Oxine Copper at pH 5, 7 and 9, Study performed by PTRL East Inc.,
Richmond, KY. Final Report # 1244

42925501			Dr. S. Dennis, 1991. Ro 17-0099/022 (14C-Copper
8-Quinolinolate) Photodegradation Studies in Aqueous Solution. Study
Performed by Metabolism Section (RES), Switzerland, Project #: RES-MET
Q13

42925503			Dr. S. Sack. 1991. Ro 17-0099/022: Laboratory Non-Aged
Leaching Study. Study Performed by Metabolism Section Department of
Registration and Environmental Studies (RES), Switzerland. Project #:
RES-MET Q102

42925504			Dr. S. Sack, 1991. Ro 17-0099/022: Laboratory Non-aged
Leaching Study. Study Performed by Metabolism Section Department of
Registration and Environmental Studies (RES). Switzerland. Project #:
RES-MET Q103

43677301			Y. Esumi, 1995.  Oxine Copper Technical (K-37): Metabolism in
Aerobic Soil. Study performed by Tokai Research Laboratories Daiichi
Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shizuoka City, Japan. Project#: AE-976-1

436206-02		Electrostatic Application of NYTEK 10BL: Leaching of Copper
8-Quinolinolate From Hemlock Wood

Study Author:	Matthew Crowe, PhD

Submitted by: Maag Agrochemicals, Inc. Vero Beach, Florida

Performing Waste Management Group: Applied Biology Division, British
Columbia Research Corporation,, Vancouver, BC V6S 2 L2

Laboratory Report #: 2-51384-HEM

436206-03		Electrostatic Application of NYTEK 10BL-PUR: Leaching of
Copper 8-Quinolinolate From Douglas Fir Wood

Study Author:	Matthew Crowe, PhD

Submitted by: Maag Agrochemicals, Inc. Vero Beach, Florida

Performing Waste Management Group: Applied Biology Division, British
Columbia Research Corporation,, Vancouver, BC V6S 2 L2

436670-01		Leaching of Copper Oxinate(Copper 8-Quinolinolate) From
Lumber Spray Treated With Maag Sapstain Control Formulations, 1991

Study Authors: A. Byrne and D. Minchin

Submitted by: Maag Agrochemicals, Inc. Vero Beach, Florida

Performing Laboratory:Forintek Canada Corporation, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5

Laboratory Report #: 17930425