Document ID: USCG-2006-23556-0030
Agency: uscg
Document Type: Rule
Title: Escort Vessels in Certain U.S. Waters
Posted Date: 2008-04-15T04:00Z

[Federal Register: April 15, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 73)]
[Proposed Rules]               
[Page 20232-20234]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr15ap08-25]                         

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 168

[Docket No. USCG-2006-23556, formerly CGD91-202a]
RIN 1625-AA10, formerly RIN 2115-AE56

 
Escort Vessels in Certain U.S. Waters

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Notice of withdrawal and request for comments.

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SUMMARY: The Coast Guard announces its intent to withdraw a 1993 
advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM). Because of the length of 
time since the ANPRM was published, the Coast Guard requests additional 
public comment before proceeding with withdrawal. The rulemaking deals 
with supplementing a statutory requirement that single-hulled oil 
tankers in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and Puget Sound, Washington, 
be accompanied through those waters by escort vessels. It would extend 
those requirements to other U.S. waters, and possibly to vessels other 
than single-hulled oil tankers. Subject to reconsideration in light of 
public comment, the Coast Guard believes that this rulemaking is 
inappropriate and inefficient and therefore not the best way to 
consider such extensions.

DATES: Comments and related material must reach the Docket Management 
Facility on or before July 14, 2008.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by Coast Guard docket 
number USCG-2006-23556 to the Docket Management Facility at the U.S. 
Department of Transportation. To avoid duplication, please use only one 
of the following methods:
    (1) Online: http://www.regulations.gov.
    (2) Mail: Docket Management Facility (M-30), U.S. Department of 
Transportation, West Building, Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001.
    (3) Hand delivery: Room W12-140 on the Ground Floor of the West 
Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9 
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The 
telephone number is 202-366-9329.
    (4) Fax: 202-493-2251.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this notice, 
contact Lieutenant Commander Vivianne Louie, U.S. Coast Guard, 
telephone 202-372-1358 or e-mail Vivianne.W.Louie@uscg.mil. If you have 
questions on viewing or submitting material to the docket, call Ms. 
Renee V. Wright, Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone 202-366-
9826.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Request for Comments

    We request public comment on our intent to withdraw this 
rulemaking. In particular, we are interested in comments that tell us:
     Why we should not withdraw this rulemaking;
     How to go about this rulemaking, if it continues; and
     What criteria should govern the extension of escort vessel 
requirements to waters other than Prince William Sound and Puget Sound, 
or to vessels other than single-hulled oil tankers.
    All comments received will be posted, without change, to http://
www.regulations.gov and will include any personal information you have

[[Page 20233]]

provided. We have an agreement with the Department of Transportation 
(DOT) to use the Docket Management Facility. Please see DOT's ``Privacy 
Act'' paragraph below.
    Submitting comments: If you submit a comment, please identify the 
docket number for this notice (USCG-2006-23556) and give the reason for 
each comment. We recommend that you include your name and a mailing 
address, an e-mail address, or a phone number in the body of your 
document so that we can contact you if we have questions regarding your 
submission. You may submit your comments by electronic means, mail, 
fax, or delivery to the Docket Management Facility at the address under 
ADDRESSES; but please submit your comments by only one means. If you 
submit them by mail or delivery, submit them in an unbound format, no 
larger than 8\1/2\ by 11 inches, suitable for copying and electronic 
filing. If you submit them by mail and would like to know that they 
reached the Facility, please enclose a stamped, self-addressed postcard 
or envelope. We will consider all comments received during the comment 
period.
    Viewing comments and documents: To view comments, go to http://
www.regulations.gov at any time. Enter the docket number for this 
rulemaking (USCG-2006-23556) in the Search box, and click ``Go >>.'' 
You may also visit the Docket Management Facility in room W12-140 on 
the Ground Floor of the West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., 
Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays.
    Privacy Act: Anyone can search the electronic form of all comments 
received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual 
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf 
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review the 
Department of Transportation's Privacy Act Statement in the Federal 
Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477), or you may visit 
http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov.

Changes in Docket Numbering

    This notice is the first document published since 1994 for a 
rulemaking that began in 1993, under Coast Guard docket number CGD 91-
202a. Until now, public comment letters and other material pertinent to 
CGD 91-202a were only available for public inspection at Coast Guard 
Headquarters in Washington, DC. Beginning in 1998, the Coast Guard 
adopted a new docket numbering system in order to make its Headquarters 
rulemaking documents available to the public on the Internet. The 
format of the new docketing system is incompatible with the ``CGD'' 
system that we used in 1993. Therefore, in order to complete the CGD 
91-202a rulemaking in a way that makes our actions visible to the 
public on the http://www.regulations.gov Web site, we opened an 
Internet-compatible docket number, USCG-2006-23556. The public comments 
we received on CGD 91-202a will be placed in the http://
www.regulations.gov docket for USCG-2006-23556.

Background and Purpose

    The Coast Guard has broad authority under the Ports and Waterways 
Safety Act (PWSA, 33 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.) to control vessel traffic in 
navigable waters of the United States. In addition, section 4116(c) of 
the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90, Pub. L. 101-380) required the 
Coast Guard to initiate a rulemaking to identify any navigable waters 
of the United States on which single-hulled oil tankers over 5,000 
gross tons should require escort vessels. OPA 90 specified that escort 
vessels must be provided in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and in Puget 
Sound, Washington. Requirements for escort vessels in Prince William 
Sound and Puget Sound were set in a rulemaking that was originally 
docketed as CGD 91-202, and completed in 2005 under docket number USCG-
2003-14734; the final rule appears at 70 FR 55728 (Sep. 23, 2005), and 
the regulations appear in 33 CFR part 168. The CGD 91-202 rulemaking 
originally sought to deal with escort vessel requirements in waters 
other than Prince William Sound and Puget Sound, but in 1993 the Coast 
Guard opened a new docket, CGD 91-202a, to address those other waters. 
Public meetings held in 1993, in Anchorage and Valdez, Alaska, and in 
Seattle, Washington, addressed both rulemakings.
    In an advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM; 58 FR 25766, 
April 27, 1993) issued under docket number CGD 91-202a, the Coast Guard 
asked for public comment on three general questions: (1) Whether escort 
vessel requirements should apply to any navigable waters of the United 
States other than Prince William Sound and Puget Sound; (2) whether 
escort vessel requirements should apply to vessels other than single-
hulled oil tankers; and (3) what an escort vessel should be expected to 
do. In its discussion, the ANPRM listed numerous subsidiary questions 
to put the general questions in perspective.
    In 1994, the Coast Guard published a notice of meeting and request 
for comments (59 FR 65741, Dec. 21, 1994) to follow up on the ANPRM. 
The 1994 notice said that numerous comments had been received in 
response to the ANPRM, but that they lacked consensus and tended to be 
based on subjective arguments without supporting data. The notice 
acknowledged that the 1993 ANPRM had been issued before publication of 
the Prince William Sound and Puget Sound regulations in 33 CFR part 
168, and included no special guidance on how waterways should be 
evaluated or nominated for escort vessel requirements. Accordingly, the 
1994 notice sought to engage the public's assistance in developing 
criteria for evaluating the navigational risks of a waterway, and how 
to determine if escorting is an effective strategy to offset those 
risks. Noting that OPA 90 called for oil tankers to have two escort 
vessels and that, in some circumstances, this could be undesirable, the 
notice stated that any escort vessel requirements for waters other than 
Prince William Sound or Puget Sound would rely on PWSA in addition to 
OPA 90.
    The 1994 notice proposed 13 criteria, derived from the PWSA, for 
use in determining when escort vessels are necessary, and illustrated 
the scope of each criterion through a set of follow-on questions. It 
announced a public meeting in Washington, DC on January 23, 1995, and 
asked for comment on these and other criteria that could be used in 
evaluating waterways with respect to escorting.

Discussion of Comments

    In response to the 1993 ANPRM and 1994 notice, the Coast Guard 
received nearly 700 written comments as well as the oral testimony of 
hundreds of attendees at four public meetings. We thank all these 
commenters for their interest. For convenience, we discuss the comments 
under four subheadings:
    Escort vessel criteria. We received many thoughtful comments 
analyzing the 13 criteria we proposed and offering background 
information or constructive criticism. Most of these commenters 
stressed the importance of understanding local waters and the specific 
vessels and cargoes transiting those waters. A number of commenters 
suggested development of a nationwide risk assessment program, in order 
to allocate escort vessel or other safety resources in an objective way 
that prioritizes where those resources can do the most good. A 
nationwide risk assessment program may be a good concept but it would 
be very expensive and time-consuming to implement. The reliability of 
such an assessment would be hard to validate, making its usefulness 
questionable.

[[Page 20234]]

    We agree with many commenters that local conditions are very 
important in determining what safety measures should be taken. If the 
need for specific resources in specific waters can be shown, it is 
better to focus directly on addressing that need, than on the more 
conceptual exercise of ranking that need relative to the needs of other 
areas. For many years the Coast Guard has sponsored Ports and Waterway 
Safety Assessments (PAWSAs) that bring public and private stakeholders 
together to identify major safety hazards in specific local waterways, 
evaluate potential mitigation measures including escorting, and set the 
stage for implementing selected measures. You can get more information 
about PAWSAs at http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/mwv/projects/pawsa/PAWSA_
home.htm, or read reports on any of the 38 PAWSAs conducted to date, at 
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/mwv/projects/pawsa/PAWSA_FinalReports.htm. 
We believe that the PAWSA program provides a more comprehensive 
alternative for evaluating local risks and conditions. Therefore, we 
think it is neither appropriate nor beneficial to continue developing 
nationwide Coast Guard escort vessel criteria within the context of 
this 1993 rulemaking.
    Escort vessel effectiveness. Most commenters who discussed the 
effectiveness of escort vessels agreed that different ``escorts'' have 
different capabilities, and that under certain conditions it is 
unrealistic to think that escorts will provide added safety. While some 
commenters recommended that we specify the capabilities desired in an 
escort vessel, many others pointed out that escort vessels should be 
considered as just one of many tools available for enhancing the safety 
of specific waters, along with aids to navigation, local regulated 
navigation areas, vessel traffic services, response vessels, or other 
means. We agree with these commenters that any consideration of escort 
vessels should begin by assessing specific local conditions and 
analyzing other possible safety measures. As previously described, the 
Coast Guard's PAWSA program can provide this assessment and analysis. 
Therefore, we think it is neither appropriate nor beneficial to 
continue a nationwide Coast Guard assessment of escort vessel 
effectiveness within the context of this 1993 rulemaking.
    Specific waters other than Cook Inlet; vessels other than single-
hulled oil tankers. Numerous commenters made recommendations for or 
against requiring escort vessels in specific waters other than Prince 
William Sound or Puget Sound. A few commenters also recommended 
extending escort vessel requirements to vessels other than single-
hulled oil tankers. As noted above, we have concluded that any such 
requirements should be considered by the Coast Guard at a local level, 
in light of local conditions and the possibility of increased 
effectiveness of alternative safety measures. The Coast Guard's PAWSA 
program can provide that consideration. Therefore, we think it is 
neither appropriate nor beneficial to continue the consideration of 
escort vessels for use in specific waters or with specific types of 
vessel within the nationwide context of this 1993 rulemaking.
    Cook Inlet. Between 1993 and 1995, hundreds of commenters focused 
on whether or not escort vessels should be required in Cook Inlet, 
Alaska. Those opposed to requiring escort vessels in Cook Inlet tended 
to cite favorable local conditions, the availability of alternative 
safety measures, and adverse economic impact as their reasons. Those in 
favor of requiring escort vessels in Cook Inlet tended to cite 
unfavorable local conditions, the superiority of escort vessels to 
other possible safety measures, and the economic and environmental 
risks posed by tanker traffic as their reasons. The Coast Guard has 
carefully considered the 1993-1995 comments, but finds that they are 
inconclusive on the merits of extending escort vessel requirements to 
Cook Inlet. Further study, in light of current conditions, would be 
needed before the Coast Guard would propose such an extension.
    In 2000, a Ports and Waterways Safety Assessment was conducted for 
Cook Inlet. The PAWSA report is available at http://
www.navcen.uscg.gov/mwv/projects/pawsa/PAWSA_FinalReports.htm. It 
noted a ``significant drop off in oil spills'' over the preceding 5 
years, and listed 9 ``existing mitigations'' in place to control the 
risk from petroleum cargoes. Although escort vessels for oil tankers 
were considered, they were not among the new mitigation measures 
adopted by the PAWSA final report.
    The Coast Guard understands that concerns over navigational safety 
in Cook Inlet persist. We take these concerns seriously, because they 
relate directly to two of the Coast Guard's strategic goals: Maritime 
safety and maritime stewardship.
    The Alaska-based Coast Guard Seventeenth District is planning to 
conduct additional studies of the local waterways in an effort to more 
fully define the need for risk reduction measures or other mitigating 
factors in areas such as Cook Inlet, Prince William Sound and the 
Aleutian Islands. Any findings from these risk assessments would be 
addressed in local Coast Guard policies or rulemakings. Therefore, we 
think it is neither appropriate nor beneficial to continue considering 
Cook Inlet's navigational safety within the nationwide context of this 
1993 rulemaking.

Conclusion

    The Coast Guard has tentatively decided that nationwide Coast Guard 
action to extend statutory escort vessel requirements is not advisable, 
and that escort vessels may be required in other waters or for vessels 
other than single-hulled oil tankers only after specific Coast Guard 
consideration of local conditions and possible alternative safety 
measures. We request public comment on this tentative decision. If, 
after receiving public comment, we affirm this tentative decision, we 
will withdraw the rulemaking, using another Federal Register notice to 
do so.
    Please note that, regardless of our final decision to withdraw or 
continue this rulemaking, you may request Coast Guard regulatory action 
for specific U.S. waters, by using the Coast Guard rulemaking petition 
process detailed in 33 CFR 1.05-20. Send your request to the Marine 
Safety and Security Council (CG-0943), United States Coast Guard 
Headquarters, 2100 Second Street, SW., Washington, DC 20593-0001.

    Dated: April 4, 2008.
Brian M. Salerno,
Rear Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, Assistant Commandant for Marine, 
Safety, Security and Stewardship.
 [FR Doc. E8-7935 Filed 4-14-08; 8:45 am]

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