Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0156-0010
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-04-19T04:00Z

Page
1
of
17
UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
DC
20460
OFFICE
OF
PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES,
AND
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
March
23,
2006
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
Residential
Exposure
Inert
Assessment
of
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
for
the
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
Document
(
RED).

TO:
Heather
Garvie,
Chemical
Review
Manager,
Reregistration
Team
36
Regulatory
Management
Branch
II
Antimicrobials
Division
(
7510C)

And
Deborah
Smegal,
Risk
Assessor
Reregistration
Branch
I
Health
Effects
Division
(
7509C)

FROM:
Talia
Milano,
Chemist,
Team
II
Cassi
Walls,
Ph.
D.,
Chemist,
Team
III
Risk
Assessment
and
Science
Support
Branch
(
RASSB)
Antimicrobials
Division
(
7510C)

THRU:
Norm
Cook,
Branch
Chief
Risk
Assessment
and
Science
Support
Branch
(
RASSB)
Antimicrobials
Division
(
7510C)

DP
Barcode:
327733
Case
No.:
4006
Chemical
Name
(
s)
CAS
#
1
PC
CODE1
Sodium
dodecylbenzene
sulfonate
25155­
30­
0
790102
Benzenesulfonic
acid,
C10­
16­
alkyl
derivatives
68584­
22­
5
790116
Dodecylbenzene
sulfonic
acid
27176­
87­
0
790101
1:
The
CAS
#
and
PC
Codes
listed
reflect
the
current
numbering
system.
However,
Dodecylbenzene
sulfonic
acid
is
not
a
pure
chemical,
and
is
considered
part
of
the
mixture
of
Benzenesulfonic
acid.
A
discussion
of
this
discrepancy
can
be
found
in
the
Preliminary
Risk
Assessment.
Page
2
of
17
RESIDENTIAL
EXPOSURE
INERT
ASSESSMENT
OF
ALKYLBENZENE
SULFONATES
IN
SUPPORT
OF
THE
REREGISTRATION
ELIGIBILITY
DECISION
DOCUMENT
(
RED)

REREGISTRATION
CASE
4006
3/
23/
06
Antimicrobials
Division
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
1200
Pennsylvania
Avenue,
NW
Washington,
DC
20460
Page
3
of
17
Executive
Summary/
Background
Information:

This
document
is
the
Residential
Inert
Exposure
Assessment
for
the
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
Document
(
RED)
for
alkylbenzene
sulfonates.
The
currently
listed
ingredients
that
are
included
under
this
decision
are
sodium
dodecylbenzene
sulfonate
(
CAS
#
25155­
30­
0),
dodecylbenzene
sulfonic
acid
(
CAS
#
27176­
87­
0),
and
benzenesulfonic
acid,
C10­
C16
alkyl
derivatives
(
CAS
#
68584­
22­
5).
To
date,
dodecylbenzene
sulfonic
acid
has
been
listed
separately
from
benzenesulfonic
acid,
C10­
C16
alkyl
derivatives,
and
identified
by
the
CAS
#
27176­
87­
0
on
numerous
labels
and
in
different
databases.
Dodecylbenzene
sulfonic
acid
is
not
considered
to
be
a
pure
compound,
and
is
included
in
the
mixture
of
benzenesulfonic
acid,
C10­
16
alkyl
derivatives.
For
future
references
of
this
chapter,
any
conclusions
that
are
made
specifically
about
benzenesulfonic
acid,
C10­
C16
alkyl
derivatives
will
be
representative
of
dodecylbenzene
sulfonic
acid.
For
this
specific
chapter,
the
chemicals
are
referred
to
as
they
are
identified
in
current
databases.

At
this
time
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
are
formulated
as
inert
ingredients
in
approximately
350
registered
end­
use
products,
which
are
formulated
as
soluble
concentrates,
flowable
concentrates,
ready­
to­
use
solutions,
or
water­
soluble
packaging.
The
alkylbenzene
sulfonate
inerts
function
as
a
solvent,
surfactant,
dispersant,
detergent,
or
wetting
agent.
Products
that
contain
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
as
an
inert
are
designated
for
use
in
agricultural
settings,
food
handling
premises,
medical
premises,
commercial/
institutional/
industrial
settings,
and
residential
settings.
Specified
use
sites
for
the
products
include
the
following:
indoor
hard
non­
porous
surfaces
(
e.
g.
floors,
walls
etc.),
carpets,
food
contact
surfaces
(
glasses,
dishes,
silverware,
countertops,
etc.),
agricultural
tools
and
crops,
lawns
and
turfs,
fruits
and
vegetables
(
post­
harvest),
wood
preservatives,
materials
preservatives,
metalworking
fluids,
and
pet
products.
This
assessment
evaluated
representative
high­
end
residential
exposure
scenarios
which
include:
applicators
of
ready
to
use
liquid
turf
and
garden
products,
applicators
of
ready
to
use
liquid
hard
surface
and
carpet
cleaners,
applicators
of
pet
products,
and
children's
post­
application
exposures
to
turf,
hard
surface,
carpet,
and
pet
products.

For
this
assessment,
the
CSFs
were
examined
to
determine
appropriate
formulation
rates
to
use
for
each
scenario
evaluated.
The
percent
formulations
for
most
of
the
products
that
contain
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
as
an
inert
ingredient
range
from
0.01%
to
5%.
However,
the
majority
of
the
labels
in
this
range
contain
2%
alkylbenzene
sulfonates.
Therefore,
the
risks
were
assessed
at
2%
formulation,
which
represents
the
formulation
that
is
most
likely
to
be
used,
and
at
an
appropriate
high­
end
formulation,
which
is
dependent
upon
the
product
type.
It
should
be
noted
that
a
few
sanitizing
products
have
inert
levels
as
high
as
30%
and
the
highest
concentration
of
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
are
found
in
wood
preservative
products
up
to
65
%.

The
durations
and
routes
of
exposure
that
were
evaluated
in
this
assessment
include
short­
term
(
ST)
inhalation
exposure
and
short
term
incidental
oral
exposure
to
children.
There
is
no
evidence
of
systemic
toxicity
via
the
dermal
route
therefore,
dermal
assessments
were
not
conducted.
However,
it
should
be
noted
that
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
are
considered
to
be
dermal
irritants
in
formulations
generally
greater
than
20%.
The
toxicological
endpoints
used
in
this
assessment
are
provided
in
Table
1.
Page
4
of
17
Table
1.
Summary
of
Toxicological
Dose
and
Endpoints
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
Exposure
Scenario
Dose
Used
in
Risk
Assessment,
UF
Special
FQPA
SF*,
endpoint
and
Level
of
Concern
for
Risk
Assessment
Study
and
Toxicological
Effects
Acute
Dietary
(
All
populations)
No
endpoint
was
selected.
No
effects
are
attributable
to
a
single
dose.

Chronic
Dietary
(
All
populations)
Systemic/
Reproductive
NOAEL=
50
mg/
kg/
day
UF
=
100
Chronic
RfD
=
0.5
mg/
kg/
day
FQPA
SF
=
1X
cPAD
=
chronic
RfD
FQPA
SF
=
0.5
mg/
kg/
day
Systemic/
Reproductive
LOAEL
=
250
mg/
kg/
day
based
on
decreased
Day
21
female
pup
body
weight
(
Buehler,
E.
et
al.
1971.
Tox.
Appl.
Pharmacol.
18:
83­
91)

plus
LOAEL=
145
mg/
kg/
day
from
9
month
drinking
water
rat
study
based
on
decreased
body
weight
gain,
and
serum/
biochemical
and
enzymatic
changes
in
the
liver
and
kidney
(
Yoneyama
et
al.
1976
Ann.
Rep.
Tokyo
Metrop.
Res.
Lab.
Public
Health
27(
2):
105­
112)

plus
LOAEL=
114
mg/
kg/
day
(
0.2%)
based
on
increased
caecum
weight
and
slight
kidney
damage
in
a
6
month
rat
dietary
study
(
Yoneyama
et
al
1972
Ann.
Rep.
Tokyo
Metrop.
Res.
Lab.
Public
Health
24:
409­
440)

Short­
Term
Incidental
Oral
(
1­
30
days)
Oral
NOAEL=
50
mg/
kg/
day
Residential
LOC
for
MOE
=
100
Systemic/
Reproductive
LOAEL
=
250
mg/
kg/
day
based
on
decreased
Day
21
female
pup
body
weight
(
Buehler,
E.
et
al.
1971.
Tox.
Appl.
Pharmacol.
18:
83­
91)

plus
LOAEL=
145
mg/
kg/
day
from
9
month
drinking
water
rat
study
based
on
decreased
body
weight
gain,
and
serum/
biochemical
and
enzymatic
changes
in
the
liver
and
kidney
(
Yoneyama
et
al.
1976
Ann.
Rep.
Tokyo
Metrop.
Res.
Lab.
Public
Health
27(
2):
105­
112)

plus
LOAEL=
114
mg/
kg/
day
(
0.2%)
based
on
increased
caecum
weight
and
slight
kidney
damage
in
a
6
month
rat
dietary
study
(
Yoneyama
et
al
1972
Ann.
Rep.
Tokyo
Metrop.
Res.
Lab.
Public
Health
24:
409­
440)
Page
5
of
17
Table
1.
Summary
of
Toxicological
Dose
and
Endpoints
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
Exposure
Scenario
Dose
Used
in
Risk
Assessment,
UF
Special
FQPA
SF*,
endpoint
and
Level
of
Concern
for
Risk
Assessment
Study
and
Toxicological
Effects
Short­,
intermediateand
Long­
Term
Inhalation
(
1
to
30
days,
1­
6
months,
>
6
months)
Inhalation
study
NOAEL=
1mg/
m3
detergent
dust
combined
with
up
to
0.1
mg/
m3
enzyme
dust
Equivalent
to
approximately
0.14
mg/
kg/
day
(
a)
(
inhalation
absorption
rate
=
100%)
purity=
13%
active
ingredient
Residential
LOC
for
MOE
=
100
Occupational
LOC
for
MOE
=
100
Subchronic
Inhalation
Monkey
Study
LOAEL
=
10
mg/
m3
detergent
combined
with
0.1
mg/
m3
enzyme
dust
based
on
weight
loss
and
decreased
weight
gain
(
W.
Coates,
et
al
1978.
Tox.
Appl.
Pharmacol.
45:
477­
496)
This
air
concentration
is
equivalent
to
approximately
1.4
mg/
kg/
day
(
a)

Dermal
Endpoint
Quantification
of
dermal
risk
is
not
required
since:
1)
the
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
are
surfactants
that
are
dermal
irritants
at
concentrations
generally
greater
than
20%
solution
(
WHO
1996).
Thus,
dermal
exposure
would
be
self­
limiting
to
preclude
dermal
irritation.
Most
pesticide
formulations
have
less
than
5%
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
as
an
inert
ingredient,
with
the
vast
majority
of
household
products
containing
approximately
2%.
Additionally,
the
requirement
of
the
dermal
toxicity
studies
with
the
end­
use
product
will
determine
whether
personal
protective
clothing
would
be
necessary
to
protect
against
irritation
during
product
use;
2)
no
systemic
toxicity
was
seen
following
repeated
dermal
applications
to
rabbits
at
200
mg/
kg/
day
(
with
an
end
use
product);
3)
no
developmental
toxicity
concerns
were
seen
following
repeated
dermal
applications
to
pregnant
mice,
rats
or
rabbits
(
developmental
effects
were
seen
either
in
the
presence
of
maternal
toxicity
or
at
doses
higher
than
those
that
caused
maternal
toxicity);
and
4)
there
is
no
residential
exposure
to
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
as
an
active
ingredient,
however,
residential
exposure
from
its
use
as
an
inert
ingredient
in
pesticide
formulations
is
expected
to
be
of
an
intermittent
nature
(
i.
e,
no
continuous,
constant
contact,
multi­
day
exposure)
from
household
products.

Cancer
(
oral,
dermal,
inhalation)
No
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
in
reported
studies
in
rats
done
before
1980
GLPs
The
margins
of
exposures
(
MOEs)
that
were
calculated
for
the
inert
uses
of
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
in
residential
products
(
i.
e.,
turf/
garden,
cleaning
products,
and
pet
products)
are
summarized
in
Table
2.
The
MOEs
were
calculated
for
each
scenario
at
2%
formulation
as
well
as,
the
appropriate
high­
end
representative
rate.
The
target
MOE
for
this
assessment
is
100.

Table
2.
Summary
of
the
Short
Term
MOEs
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
used
as
Inert
Ingredients
Page
6
of
17
Product
Use
Exposure
Scenario
MOE
High­
end
formulation
MOE
2%
formulation
Applicator
Low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
20,000
1.1
E+
05
Applicator
Hose
end
sprayer;
MLAP
3,100
1.7
E+
04
Applicator
Backpack;
MLAP
20,000
1.1
E+
05
Ready
to
Use
Liquid
turf
spot/
gardensa
Applicator
Sprinkling
can;
MLAP
63,000
3.4
E+
05
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
hard
surface
cleanerb
Applicator
Low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
1,000
4,100
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
carpet
cleanerc
Applicator
Low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
1,400
4,100
Pet
productsd
Applicator
Handler
inhalation
exposure
87
1,000
Ready
to
Use
Liquid
Turf
spot/
gardensa
Postapplication
Incidental
ingestion:
hand
to
mouth
4,600
25,000
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
hard
surface
cleaner
b
Postapplication
Incidental
ingestion:
hand
to
mouth
30
120
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
carpet
cleanerc
Postapplication
Incidental
ingestion:
hand
to
mouth
40
120
Pet
productsd
Postapplication
Toddler
incidental
oral
ingestion
106
1,300
a:
representative
high
end
%
formulation
for
this
use
scenario
=
11%
b:
representative
high
end
%
formulation
for
this
use
scenario
=
8%
c:
representative
high
end
%
formulation
for
this
use
scenario
=
6%
d:
representative
high
end
%
formulation
for
this
use
scenario
=
24%

Inert
Assessment
of
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates:
Page
7
of
17
The
U.
S
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
(
USEPA)
Pesticide
Inert
Risk
Assessment
Tool
(
PiRat)
was
used
to
estimate
applicator
and
post­
application
exposures
and
risks
from
the
use
of
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
as
an
inert
ingredient
in
representative
residential
products.
Background
information
and
the
downloadable
executable
file
for
PiRat
can
be
found
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
exposure/
docs/
pirat.
htm.
Unless
specified,
all
of
PiRat's
default
values
were
used
in
each
run.
Although
PiRat
has
a
module
that
can
estimate
exposures
to
pet
products,
HED's
screening
level
methodologies
have
changed
since
the
development
of
PiRat
therefore,
PiRat
was
not
used
to
evaluate
the
pet
product
exposures.

Based
on
the
review
of
Confidential
Statements
of
Formula
(
CSFs),
the
exposures
and
risks
were
assessed
at
2%
formulation,
which
represents
the
formulation
that
is
most
likely
to
be
used,
and
at
an
appropriate
high­
end
formulation,
which
is
dependent
upon
the
product
type.
The
percent
formulations
that
were
selected
as
the
high­
end
representative
are
appropriately
indicated
in
the
footnotes
of
the
summary
tables
presented
below.
It
should
be
noted
that
even
though
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
are
used
in
numerous
types
of
residential
and
occupational
products,
only
exposures
from
representative
residential,
high­
end
scenarios
were
estimated
in
this
assessment.
There
was
no
dermal
assessment
conducted
because
of
the
lack
of
a
dermal
toxicological
endpoint.
In
addition,
there
were
no
post­
application
inhalation
risks
anticipated
because
the
vapor
pressure
of
the
sulfonates
is
extremely
low,
and
thus
an
inhalation
post­
application
assessment
was
not
conducted.

The
following
residential
use
sites
were
assumed
to
be
the
high­
end
representative
scenarios
for
inert
uses
of
alkylbenzene
sulfonates.
These
include:
outdoor
residential
premises,
indoor
hard
surfaces,
indoor
carpets,
and
pet
products.
For
each
of
the
use
sites,
applicator
(
handler)
inhalation
exposure
and
toddler
post
application
incidental
ingestion
exposure
were
assessed.
The
applicator
exposures
and
risks
are
presented
in
Tables
3
and
4,
while
the
oral
(
incidental
ingestion)
exposures
and
risks
are
presented
in
Table
5.
Page
8
of
17
Table
3.
Applicator
Short­
term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
used
as
Inert
Ingredients
in
Outdoor
Products
Product
Use
Application
Method
Area
Treateda
Inhalation
Exposure
@
11%
mg/
kg/
dayb
Inhalation
Exposure
@
2%
b
mg/
kg/
day
Inhalation
MOEc
@
11%
Inhalation
MOEc
@
2%

Low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
1000
ft2/
day
(
spot)
7.07E­
06
1.29E­
06
2.00.
E+
04
1.1E+
05
Hose
end
sprayer;
MLAP
2x104
ft2/
day
(
full
broadcast)
4.48E­
05
8.15E­
06
3.10.
E+
03
1.7E+
04
Backpack;
MLAP
1000
ft2/
day
(
spot)
7.07E­
06
1.29E­
06
2.00.
E+
04
1.1E+
05
Ready
to
Use
Liquid
turf
spot/
gardensd
Sprinkling
can;
MLAP
1000
ft2/
day
(
spot)

2.24E­
06
4.07E­
07
6.30.
E+
04
3.4E+
05
a:
Standard
PiRat
model
input
parameters,
for
complete
model
output,
see
Appendix
A
b:
an
application
rate
of
0.00015
lb
product/
ft2
was
assumed
for
all
scenarios
and
the
body
weight
=
70kg.
c:
MOEs
=
NOAEL
/
exposure,
where
inhalation
NOAEL
=
0.14
mg/
kg/
day
and
the
target
MOE
=
100
d:
percent
formulation
used
=
11%

Table
4.
Applicator
Short­
term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
used
as
Inert
Ingredients
in
Indoor
Products
Product
Use
Application
Method
Amount
Usedb
Inhalation
Exposure
@
8%
or
6%
mg/
kg/
dayc
Inhalation
Exposure
@
2%
c
mg/
kg/
day
MOEd
@
8%
or
6%
MOEd
@
2%

Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
hard
surface
cleaner
a,
e
Low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
0.5
gallons/
day
1.37x10­
4
3.43E­
05
1,000
4,100
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
carpet
cleaner
a,
f
Low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
0.5
gallons/
day
1.03x10­
4
3.43E­
05
1,400
4,100
a:
Crack
and
crevice
was
used
as
the
representative
scenario
hard
surface
cleaners
or
carpet
cleaners.
b:
Standard
PiRat
model
input
parameters,
for
complete
model
output,
see
Appendix
B.
c:
An
application
rate
of
8
lb/
gallon,
which
is
the
density
of
water,
was
assumed
for
all
scenarios
and
the
body
weight
=
70kg.
d:
MOEs
=
NOAEL
/
exposure,
where
inhalation
NOAEL
=
0.14
mg/
kg/
day
and
the
target
MOE
=
100
e:
%
formulation
used
=
8%
f:
%
formulation
used
=
6%
Page
9
of
17
Table
5.
Toddler
Short­
term
Post­
Application
Incidental
Oral
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
when
used
as
an
inerta
Product
Use
Route
of
Exposure
Exposure
@
11%,
8%
or
6%
mg/
kg/
dayb
Exposure
@
2%

mg/
kg/
day
c
MOEc
@
11%,
8%
or
6%
MOEc
@
2%

Ready
to
Use
Liquid
Turf
spot/
gardensd
Incidental
ingestion:
hand
to
mouth
1.08E­
02
1.96E­
03
4,600
25,000
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
hard
surface
cleaner
a,
e
Incidental
ingestion:
hand
to
mouth
1.67
0.42
30
120
Ready
to
Use
Liquid,
carpet
cleanera,
f
Incidental
ingestion:
hand
to
mouth
1.26
0.42
40
120
a:
The
representative
use
sites
assessed
using
PiRAT,
For
a
complete
model
output,
see
Appendix
C.
b:
The
toddler
body
weight
=
15kg
c:
MOEs
=
NOAEL
/
exposure
where
incidental
oral
NOAEL
=
50
mg/
kg/
day.
Target
MOE
=
100.
d:
%
formulation
used
=
11%
e:
%
formulation
used
=
8%
f:
%
formulation
used
=
6%

As
previously
indicated,
alkylbenzene
sulfonates
are
also
used
as
inerts
in
pet
flea
and
tick
products.
Therefore
applicator
inhalation
exposures
as
well
as
toddler
incidental
oral
exposures
were
evaluated.
Although
PiRat
has
a
module
that
can
estimate
exposures
to
pet
products,
it
was
not
used
since
HED's
screening
level
methodologies
have
changed
since
the
development
of
PiRat.
The
most
recent
methodologies
were
utilized
to
assess
exposure
pet
products
residues.
In
addition,
aerosol
application
was
the
methodology
chosen
as
the
representative
worst
case
scenario
for
this
assessment.

The
following
equation
and
assumptions
were
used
to
estimate
dermal
and
inhalation
residential
applicator
exposures
to
pet
product
residues:

Exposure
=
UE
x
AR
x
N
/
BW
where,
AR
=
Application
rate
(
lb
ai/
can)
UE
=
Unit
exposure
(
mg/
lb
ai)
N
=
Number
of
cans
(
cans/
day)
BW
=
Body
weight
(
kg)

All
of
the
input
parameters
are
defaults
provided
in
HEDs
Residential
SOPs
(
US
EPA,
1997
and
2001).
The
24%
formulation
was
used
as
the
representative
high
end
scenario
whereas,
2%
formulation
was
used
to
represent
scenarios
that
are
most
likely
to
occur.
Table
6
provides
the
input
parameters
and
resulting
exposures
and
MOEs.

Table
6.
Applicator
Short­
term
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Alkylbenzene
Suflonates
used
as
Inert
Ingredients
in
Aerosol
Pet
Flea
and
Tick
Products
Page
10
of
17
Exposure
=
UE
x
AR
x
N
/
BW
Percent
a.
i.
24%
2%

Unit
Exposure
(
mg
/
lb
ai)
1
UE
2.4
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
can)
2
AR
0.0938
0.007819
Number
of
cans/
day
1
N
0.5
Percent
Absorption
100%

Body
weight
(
kg)
1
BW
70
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
1.61x10­
3
0.000134
Inhalation
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.14
Target
MOE
100
MOE3
87
1,000
1
US
EPA,
1997
and
2001
(
HED=
s
Residential
SOPs)
2
6
oz/
can
x
%
ai
x
1gal/
128oz
x
8.34lb/
gal
(
assuming
density
of
water)
3
MOEs
=
NOAEL
/
exposure,
where
the
NOAEL
=
0.14
mg/
kg/
day
The
following
equation
and
assumptions
were
used
to
estimate
toddler
incidental
oral
residential
post­
application
exposure
to
pet
product
residues:

Exposure
=
AR
x
T
x
SA
x
SE
x
FQ
/
BW
where,
AR
=
Application
rate
(
mg/
cm2
animal)
T
=
Transfer
fraction
from
treated
pet
(%)
SA
=
Surface
area
of
a
child
=

s
hands
(
cm2/
event)
SE
=
Saliva
extraction
(%)
FQ
=
Frequency
of
contact
(
event/
day)
BW
=
Body
weight
(
kg)

All
of
the
input
parameters
are
defaults
provided
in
HEDs
Residential
SOPs
(
US
EPA,
1997
and
2001).
The
percent
formulations
of
24%
and
2%
were
also
used
in
this
assessment.
Table
7
provides
the
input
parameters
and
resulting
exposures
and
MOEs.

Table
7.
Toddler
Short­
term
Post­
application
Incidental
Oral
Exposure
and
MOE
for
Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates
when
used
as
an
Inert
Ingredient
in
Aerosol
Flea
and
Tick
Pet
Products
Exposure
=
AR
x
T
x
SA
x
SE
x
FQ
/
BW
Page
11
of
17
Percent
a.
i.
24%
2%

Application
Rate
(
mg/
cm2
of
animal)
1
AR
3.554
0.296
Transferable
Fraction2
T
20%

Surface
area
of
a
child=
s
hand
(
cm2)
2
SA
20
Saliva
Extraction2
SE
50%

Frequency
(
events/
day)
3
FQ
1
Body
weight
(
kg)
2
BW
15
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.4739
0.0395
Oral
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
50
Target
MOE
100
MOE4
106
1,300
1
3
oz
x
%
ai/
6000cm2
x
1gal/
128oz
x
8.34lb/
gal
x
1kg/
2.2lb
x
1000g/
kg
x
1000mg/
g
where
it
was
assumed
that
2
of
6
oz
spray
container
is
applied
to
a
30
lb
animal
having
a
surface
area
of
6000cm2
2
US
EPA,
1997
and
2001
(
HED=
s
Residential
SOPs)
3
frequency
was
modified
to
reflect
transferable
residue
assumptions
which
is
based
on
a
5
minute
heavy
rubbing/
petting
technique
that
would
lead
to
significantly
higher
hand
concentrations
than
would
result
from
a
single
contact
4
MOE
=
NOAEL
/
exposure
Page
12
of
17
Appendix
A:
PiRat
Model
Output
for
Inhalation
Risks
to
Handlers
Using
Outdoor
Products
PiRat
Handler
Report
for
Formulation
Type
Emulsifiable
Concentrate
Functional
Use:
Surfactant
(
surfactant,
detergent)
Toxicity
Value:
.14
Body
Weight:
70.0
kg
Weight
Fraction:
0.110
Duration:
Short
Term
Absorption
Value:
100.0
%
Page
13
of
17
PiRat
Handler
Report
for
Formulation
Type
Emulsifiable
Concentrate
Scenario
#
1
Scenario
#
2
Scenario
#
3
Scenario
#
4
Product
Use:
turf
turf
turf
turf
Application
Method:
low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
hose
end
sprayer;
MLAP
backpack:
MLAP
sprinkling
can;
MLAP
Dermal
PDR
(
mg/
kg/
day):
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Inhalation
PDR
(
mg/
kg/
day)
7.07E­
06
4.48E­
05
7.07E­
06
2.24E­
06
Dermal
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb):
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb):
3.00E­
02
Medium
80
reps
9.50E­
03
Low
8
reps
3.00E­
02
Low
11
reps
9.50E­
03
Low
8
reps
Application
Rate:
1.50E­
04*
lb/
ft2
1.50E­
04*
lb/
ft2
1.50E­
04*
mg/
kg/
day
1.50E­
04*
lb/
ft2
Fraction
Exposed:
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Amount
used:
1000.00
ft2/
day
(
spot)
2.00E+
04
ft2/
day
(
full
broadcast)
1000.00
ft2/
day
(
spot)
1000.00
ft2/
day
(
spot)

Density
(
lb/
gal):
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
MOE:
20000
3100
20000
63000
Exposure
Frequency
(
yrs)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Exposure
Duration
(
yrs)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Averaging
Time
(
yrs)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
LADD
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Cancer
Risk
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Dose
Calculation:
Scenario
#
1­
4
PDR=(
UE*
AR*
WF*
A)/
BW
Assumptions:
Scenario
#
1
1,000
ft2/
day
assumed
to
be
equivalent
to
5
gal/
day;
SAC
Policy
11
Scenario
#
2
upper
percentile
lawn
size
(
SAC
Policy
11)

Scenario
#
3
1,000
ft2/
day
assumed
to
be
equivalent
to
5
gal/
day;
SAC
Policy
11
Scenario
#
4
assumed
based
on
hose­
end;
SOPs
*
Modified
by
user
Page
14
of
17
Appendix
B:
PiRat
Model
Output
for
Inhalation
Risks
to
Handlers
Using
Indoor
Products
Page
15
of
17
PiRat
Handler
Report
for
Formulation
Type
Soluble
Concentrate
Functional
Use:
Surfactant
(
surfactant,
sirfactant,
detergent)
Toxicity
Value:
.14
Body
Weight:
70.0
kg
Weight
Fraction:
8.00E­
02
(
hard
surface),
6.00E­
02
(
carpet)
Duration:
Short
Term
Absorption
Value:
100.0
%

Scenario
#
1
(
hard
surface)
Scenario
#
2
(
carpet)

Product
Use:
crack
&
crevice
crack
&
crevice
Application
Method:
low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
low
pressure
handwand;
MLAP
Dermal
PDR
(
mg/
kg/
day):
N/
A
N/
A
Inhalation
PDR
(
mg/
kg/
day)
1.37E­
04
1.03E­
04
Dermal
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb):
N/
A
N/
A
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb):
3.00E­
02
Medium
80
reps
3.00E­
02
Medium
80
reps
Application
Rate:
8.00*
lb/
gal
8.00*
lb/
gal
Fraction
Exposed:
N/
A
N/
A
Amount
used:
0.50
gal/
day
0.50
gal/
day
Density
(
lb/
gal):
N/
A
N/
A
MOE:
1000
1400
Exposure
Frequency
(
yrs)
N/
A
N/
A
Exposure
Duration
(
yrs)
N/
A
N/
A
Averaging
Time
(
yrs)
N/
A
N/
A
LADD
N/
A
N/
A
Cancer
Risk
N/
A
N/
A
Dose
Calculation:
Scenario
#
1
and
2
PDR=(
UE*
AR*
WF*
A)/
BW
Assumptions:
Scenario
#
1
and
2
SAC
Policy
11
*
Modified
by
user
Page
16
of
17
Appendix
C:
PiRat
Model
Output
for
Toddler
Postapplication
Incidental
Oral
Esposure
to
Outdoor
and
Indoor
Products
Page
17
of
17
PIRAT
Post
Application
Report
for
Formulation
Type
Soluble
Concentrate
Functional
Use:
Surfactant
(
surfactant,
sirfactant,
detergent)
Toxicity
Value:
50
Body
Weight:
15
kg
Weight
Fraction:
0.110
(
turf),
8.00E­
02
(
hard
surface),
6.00E­
02
(
carpet)
Duration:
Short
Term
Absorption
Value:
100.00
%

Scenario
#
1
(
turf)
Scenario
#
2
(
hard
surface)
Scenario
#
3
(
carpet)

Product
Use:
turf
crack
&
crevice
crack
&
crevice
Activity:
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer
of
surface
residues
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer
of
surface
residues
Population:
toddlers
(
3
years)
toddlers
(
3
years)
toddlers
(
3
years)

PDR
(
mg/
kg/
day)
1.08E­
02
1.67
1.26
Ingestion
Rate:
0.50
(
saliva
extraction
factor)
0.50
(
saliva
extraction
factor)
0.50
(
saliva
extraction
factor)

T
(
or
Tc)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Application
Rate:
1.50E­
04*
lb/
ft2
8.00*
lb/
gal
8.00*
lb/
gal
Weight
Fraction:
0.110
8.00E­
02
6.00E­
02
Fraction
Exposed:
5.00E­
02
0.10
5.00E­
02
Surface
Area
(
cm2/
event):
20.00
20.00
20.00
Exposure
Time
(
hrs/
day):
2.00
4.00
8.00
Frequency
(
ev/
hr)
20.00
20.00
20.00
Kp
(
cm/
hr)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Vp
(
torr)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Room
Volume
(
m3)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
MOE:
4600
30
40
Exposure
Frequency
(
days/
yr)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Exposure
Duration
(
yrs)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Averaging
Time
(
yrs)
70.00
70.00
70.00
LADD
(
mg/
kg/
day)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Cancer
Risk
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Density
(
lbs/
gal)
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
Body
Wt
(
postapp)
(
kg)
15.00
15.00
15.00
Treated
area
N/
A
1000.00*
1000.00*
Page
18
of
17
Dose
Calculation:
PDR={(
AR/
TA)*
WF*
F*
4.54e5
mg/
lb*
1.08e­
3
ft2/
cm2*
SA*
IgR*
FQ*
ET}/
BW*
ABS
*
Modified
by
user