Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0308-0005
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2008-03-05T05:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460

OFFICE OF           

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

MEMORANDUM

	Date:	20/NOV/2007

	Subject:	Flumioxazin.  Petitions for Tolerances on Alfalfa, Asparagus,
Dry Beans, Fruiting Vegetables (Group 8, including Okra), Melons
(subgroup 9A), Bushberries (subgroup 13B), and Tree Nuts (group 14), and
a Request for an Amended Use on Garlic.  Summary of Analytical Chemistry
and Residue Data.  PP#s: 6F7092 and 6E7151.

DP Number:	342963	Decision Number:	372752

PC Code:	129034	MRID Numbers::	46889603, 46889604, 47005101, 47005102,
47005103, 47005104, 47005105, 47005106, 47005107

40 CFR §180.	568

Chemical Class:	N-phenylpthalimide derivative herbicide

	From:	Debra Rate

		Alternative Risk Integration and Assessment (ARIA)

		Risk Integration, Minor Use, and Emergency Response Branch (RIMUERB)

		Registration Division (RD) (7505P)

	Through:	William Cutchin, Acting Senior Branch Scientist

		ARIA

		RIMUERB/RD (7505P)

		

William T. Drew, Chemist

	Registration Action Branch 2 (RAB2)

	Health Effects Division (HED) (7509P)

	To:	Daniel Rosenblatt, Branch Chief

		RIMUERB/RD (7505P)

	Joanne Miller / James Stone

	Herbicide Branch (HB)/RD (7505P)

This document was originally prepared under contract by Dynamac
Corporation (submitted 25/MAY/2007).  The document has been reviewed by
the ARIA team of the RIMUERB/RD and revised to reflect current Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP) policies.

Executive Summary

Flumioxazin is an N-phenylphthalimide class herbicide (Group 14) that is
currently used for pre- and post-emergence control of susceptible weeds
in a variety of fruit, vegetable and field crops.  Tolerances are
currently established for residues of flumioxazin, with CAS number
103361-09-7, and IUPAC name
N-(7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)cyclo
hex-1-ene-1,2-dicarboxamide, in/on various plant commodities at levels
ranging from 0.02 to 0.70 ppm (40 CFR §180.568[a]).  Additionally,
temporary tolerances are established on alfalfa forage and hay at 0.13
and 0.45 ppm, respectively (Expiration date 31/DEC/2009).

Valent U.S.A Corporation (Valent) and Interregional Research Project No.
4 (IR-4) have submitted petitions supporting the use of flumioxazin,
formulated as two 51% water-dispersible granular (WDG) formulations, on
alfalfa, asparagus, dry beans, assorted bushberries, fruiting vegetables
(including okra), melons, and tree nuts.  The proposed use on alfalfa is
for a broadcast application within 7 days after cutting at 0.125 lb
ai/A.  A total of two applications are proposed per season, and a 25-day
preharvest interval (PHI) is specified.  For asparagus, the proposed use
is for a single broadcast application prior to spear emergence at up to
0.375 lb ai/A, with a 14-day PHI.  For fruiting vegetables and okra, the
proposed use is for up to two soil applications, directed to row middles
at up to 0.125 lb ai/A, following transplanting or seedling emergence
and again ~21 days prior to harvest, for a maximum of 0.25 lb
ai/A/season.  A 21-day PHI is specified for fruiting vegetables, and
applications may include use of a crop oil concentrate (COC) at 1% v/v. 
For melons, the proposed use is for up to two soil applications directed
to row middles at up to 0.125 lb ai/A; the applications are made either
preplant or preemergence and again 21-28 days later, for a maximum of
0.25 lb ai/A/season.  No PHI is specified for melons.  For dry beans,
the proposed use is for a single broadcast application at up to 0.093 lb
ai/A, as either a preemergence application (weed control), or as a
late-season broadcast foliar application (harvest aid).  A 5-day PHI is
specified for dry beans, and the late-season use may include a COC at 1%
v/v.  For tree nuts, the proposed use is for up to two soil-directed
applications at 0.375 lb ai/A at retreatment intervals (RTIs) of 60
days, for a maximum use rate of 0.75 lb ai/A/season with a PHI of 60
days.  For bushberries, the proposed use is for up to two soil-directed
applications at 0.375 lb ai/A, during early spring and again during the
later stages of berry development, for a maximum use rate of 0.75 lb
ai/A/season.  A 7-day PHI is specified, and only the single early season
application is allowed on lowbush blueberries.  In addition to these new
uses, IR-4 is also requesting that the current use directions for garlic
be amended to increase the maximum use rate to 0.38 lb ai/A for the
preemergence application.  In conjunction with the above uses, the
petitioners are proposing the following permanent tolerances for
flumioxazin:

Alfalfa, forage	1.0 ppm

Alfalfa, hay	2.0 ppm

Asparagus	0.02 ppm

Fruiting Vegetables, Group 8 	0.02 ppm

Okra 	0.02 ppm

Melon, subgroup 9A	0.02 ppm

Bean, dry, seed	0.06 ppm

Tree Nuts, Group 14	0.02 ppm

Bushberry, subgroup 13B	0.02 ppm

Aronia berry	0.02 ppm

Blueberry, lowbush	0.02 ppm

Blueberry, highbush	0.02 ppm

Buffalo currant	0.02 ppm

Chilean guava	0.02 ppm

Currant, black	0.02 ppm

Currant, red	0.02 ppm

Elderberry	0.02 ppm

European barberry	0.02 ppm

Gooseberry	0.02 ppm

Highbush cranberry	0.02 ppm

Honeysuckle	0.02 ppm

Jostaberry	0.02 ppm

Juneberry, including Saskatoon berry	0.02 ppm

Lingonberry	0.02 ppm

Native currant	0.02 ppm

Salal	0.02 ppm

Sea buckthorn	0.02 ppm

Based on adequate corn, sugarcane, grape, hen and goat metabolism data,
the nature of flumioxazin residues in plants and animals is understood. 
In primary and rotated crops, the residue of concern is only the parent
compound.  For ruminants, the residues of concern are parent,
3-OH-flumioxazin, 4-OH-flumioxazin, plus Metabolites B, C, and F.  For
poultry, the residues of concern are parent, 3-OH-flumioxazin,
4-OH-flumioxazin, and 4-OH-S-53482-SA.

An adequate gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC/NPD)
method is available for enforcing tolerances of flumioxazin in/on plant
commodities (Valent Method RM-30-A-1).  The reported method limits of
quantitation and detection (LOQ and LOD) for flumioxazin in plant
commodities are 0.02 and 0.01 ppm, respectively.  Residues of
flumioxazin in samples of raw agricultural commodities (RACs) from the
current field trials were determined using an adequate GC/NPD method
(Method RM-30A-3), which is a more recent version of the enforcement
method.  The validated method LOQ for flumioxazin in/on all plant
commodities is 0.02 ppm, and the LODs range from 0.005 to 0.01 ppm. 

Adequate liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy detection
(LC/MS/MS) methods are also available for collecting data on residues of
flumioxazin, 3-OH-flumioxazin and 4-OH-flumioxazin in milk (Method
RM-30MK) and cattle tissues (Method RM-30T).  The validated method LOQ
is 0.02 ppm for each analyte in milk and tissues, and the reported LOD
is 0.01 ppm.

cate that flumioxazin is stable in frozen storage (≤-15(C) for
intervals of up to 30 months in alfalfa forage and hay, 22 months in dry
beans, 7 months in tomatoes and asparagus, 5.8 months in blueberries,
and up to 4.4 months in cantaloupes and pecans.  Some apparent decline
(19%) was observed in frozen peppers after 26 months of storage;
however, this level of decline could not be verified as only one storage
interval was tested.  In addition, any correction of residue levels in
peppers would not alter the recommended tolerance in fruiting
vegetables.  Together with earlier storage stability data on a wide
variety of plant commodities, the new storage stability data support the
sample storage durations and conditions used in the submitted field
trials.

The new field trials on cantaloupes, tomatoes, peppers, dry beans,
asparagus, blueberries, and pecans are adequate, and together with the
previously submitted almond data, these field trials support the
proposed uses.  An adequate number of tests were conducted on each crop
in the appropriate regions, and samples were analyzed for the residue of
concern using an adequate method.

In the eight cantaloupe field trials conducted during 2003, flumioxazin
(WDG) was applied as two soil applications directed to row middles at
0.121-0.130 lb ai/A/application, for a total use rate of 0.245-0.256 lb
ai/A (1x rate).  The initial application was made either preplant or
preemergence, and the second application was made during later
vegetative development or at blooming, at RTIs of 30-47 days. 
Flumioxazin residues were <LOD (<0.008 ppm) in/on all samples of
cantaloupes harvested at maturity, following a PHI of 36-69 days.

In the 12 tomato and 9 pepper field trials conducted during 2003,
flumioxazin (WDG) was applied as two soil applications directed to row
middles at 0.120-0.134 lb ai/A/application, for a total use rate of
0.244-0.259 lb ai/A (1x rate).  The initial application was made to
seedlings or transplants during early vegetative development, and the
second application was made approximately 21 days prior to crop
maturity, for RTIs of 42-103 days.  All applications included the use of
a COC as an adjuvant at 1% v/v.  At crop maturity (15-21 day PHI),
flumioxazin residues were <LOD (<0.007 ppm) in/on all pepper samples and
<LOQ (<0.02 ppm) in/on all tomato samples.

In the 12 dry bean field trials conducted during 2003, flumioxazin (WDG)
was applied as a single pre-harvest, broadcast application at
0.091-0.096 lb ai/A (1x rate), and all applications included the use of
a COC at 0.6-2.5%.  At normal crop maturity (4-6 day PHI), flumioxazin
residues were <0.02-0.05 ppm in/on 26 samples of dried beans, with 22
samples having residues <LOQ (<0.02 ppm).

In the eight asparagus field trials conducted during 2003/2004,
flumioxazin (WDG) was applied as a single broadcast application to
dormant or recently cut asparagus at approximately 2 weeks prior to
harvest.  Each test site included two plots treated at either
0.190-0.197 lb ai/A or 0.380-0.404 lb ai/A (0.5x and 1x rates).  For
both application rates, flumioxazin residues were <LOQ in/on all samples
harvested at an 8-20 day PHI.

In the lowbush (1 trial) and highbush (5 trials) blueberry field trials
conducted during 2003, flumioxazin (WDG) was applied as either as single
broadcast application to dormant lowbush blueberries at 0.40 lb ai/A (1x
rate), or as two soil-directed applications to highbush blueberries at
0.370-0.405 lb ai/A/application, for a total use rate of 0.744-0.797 lb
ai/A (1x rate).  The first application to highbush blueberries was made
around bud break/flowering and the second application was made 50-113
days later during fruit development.  At normal crop maturity,
flumioxazin residues were <LOD (<0.006 ppm) in/on two samples of lowbush
blueberries (99 DAT) and <LOQ (<0.02 ppm) in/on 10 samples of highbush
blueberries collected at a PHI of 6-8 days.

In the four almond field trials conducted during 1999 and the five pecan
field trials conducted during 2003, flumioxazin (WDG) was applied to
trees as two soil-directed applications during nut development at rates
of 0.375 lb ai/A/application and RTIs of 58-61 days, for a total use
rate of 0.75-0.76 lb ai/A/season (1x rate).  At normal nut maturity
(42-61 DAT), flumioxazin residues were <LOQ in/on eight samples of
almonds (<0.01 ppm) and 10 samples of pecans (<0.02 ppm).  Residues
in/on eight samples of almond hulls from the 1x application were
<0.01-0.066 ppm.

The 12 alfalfa field trials conducted from 2003-2005 are also adequate
to support the proposed use of two applications per season.  However,
the recommended tolerance will be based on the highest subset or
combination of residue data.  In six trials, flumioxazin (WDG) was
applied to alfalfa as a single broadcast application within 7-9 days
after the 1st cutting at 0.12-0.13 lb ai/A, and in the other six trials,
flumioxazin (WDG) was applied as two broadcast applications at 0.12-0.13
lb ai/A, to dormant alfalfa and again following the 1st cutting, for a
total use rate of 0.24-0.26 lb ai/A.  Applications included the use of a
non-ionic surfactant (NIS) as an adjuvant at 0.25% v/v.  Although half
of the trials included an extra application to dormant alfalfa at the
start of the season, residues in/on forage and hay from the 2nd, 3rd and
4th cutting were similar across all 12 trials.  Flumioxazin residues
in/on forage and hay were respectively <0.02-1.70 ppm and 0.06-5.50 ppm
from the 2nd cutting (24-26 day PHI), <0.02-0.19 ppm and <0.02-0.09 ppm
from the 3rd cutting (45-70 day PHI), and <0.02-0.06 ppm and <0.02-0.15
ppm from the 4th cutting (71-128 day PHI).  Residue decline data from
one field trial also indicated that residues in/on both forage and hay
decline at longer post-treatment intervals.

  

In addition, the previously reviewed bulb onion field trial data will
support the requested increase in the use rate for garlic to 0.38 lb
ai/A.  Following two postemergence, broadcast applications of
flumioxazin (WDG) to onions in nine tests at rates totaling 0.185-0.200
lb ai/A, flumioxazin residues were <LOQ (<0.02 ppm) in/on all samples of
bulb onions harvested at a 42-49 day PHI.  Although the bulb onion data
were conducted at only ~0.5x the proposed maximum use rate for garlic,
the postemergence applications to onions occurred at a much later growth
stage than allowed for garlic (preemergence), and the typical harvest
interval for garlic would be >200 days, compared to the 45-day PHI for
bulb onions. 

No processing studies were submitted with the current petitions. 
Although a tomato processing study is typically required to support uses
on fruiting vegetables, the available tomato field trial data indicated
that flumioxazin residues in/on tomatoes were <LOQ following
applications at 5x the maximum proposed use rate.  Therefore, a tomato
processing study is not required, and separate tolerances are not
required for processed tomato commodities.

Based on the established and recommended tolerances for flumioxazin
residues in feedstuffs, and recent Agency guidance on calculating
reasonably balanced livestock diets, the theoretical dietary burden
(TDB) of flumioxazin residues to livestock was calculated to be 0.96 ppm
for beef cattle, 3.19 ppm for dairy cattle, 0.005 ppm for poultry and
0.004 ppm for swine.

An adequate cattle feeding study is available in which lactating dairy
cows (3/group) were dosed orally with flumioxazin at levels equivalent
to 2, 6 and 20 ppm in their diet for 28 consecutive days (0.6, 1.9 and
6.3x the TDB).  Composited samples of milk were collected throughout the
study, and subsamples of milk from Day 24 were used to generate cream
and skim milk samples. Samples of liver, kidney, composited muscle, and
composited fat were also collected from each animal within 24 hours of
the final dose.  Milk and tissue samples were analyzed using the
adequate data collection methods discussed above, and no supporting
storage stability data were required as all frozen samples were analyzed
within 30 days of collection.  For the 20 ppm dose group, residues of
flumioxazin, 3-OH-flumioxazin and 4-OH-flumioxazin were each
non-detectable (<0.01 ppm) in all samples of milk, skim milk, cream, and
tissues from all three cows. 

As residues of flumioxazin and its two hydroxy metabolites were <LOD in
milk and tissues from cattle dosed at 6.3x TDB, quantifiable residues
are unlikely to occur in cattle commodities.  Therefore, tolerances for
flumioxazin residues are not required for commodities from cattle,
goats, hogs, horses or sheep (40 CFR §180.6[a][3]).  In addition,
results from the available poultry metabolism study, in which hens were
dosed for 14 days at levels equivalent to >1,800x TDB, indicate that
quantifiable residues are unlikely to occur in eggs or poultry tissues. 
Therefore, tolerances for flumioxazin residues are also not required in
eggs or poultry tissues.

An adequate confined rotational crop study is available to support the
uses on the proposed crops that can be rotated (alfalfa, dry beans,
fruiting vegetables, melon and garlic).  Based on the results of the
confined accumulation study, ARIA concludes that the current rotational
crop plant-back intervals (PBIs) are acceptable, and that field trials
for, and tolerances in, rotated crops are not necessary. 

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 Regulatory Recommendations and Residue Chemistry
Deficiencies

No major deficiencies were noted in the subject petitions that would
preclude establishing permanent tolerances for flumioxazin on the
proposed commodities; however, the petitioner should address the
deficiencies noted below.  The available r  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 esidue
data support   SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 establishing permanent tolerances for
flumioxazin residues at 0.02 ppm in/on asparagus, fruiting vegetables,
melons, okra, tree nuts and assorted bushberries, at 0.05 ppm in/on dry
beans, and at 3.0 and 8.0 ppm respectively in/on alfalfa forage and hay.
   SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 A summary of the proposed and recommended
tolerances, along with the correct commodity definitions for the
requested commodities, are presented in Table 7.  

•	Use directions for the proposed crops should be revised as indicated
under the conclusions for the Use Directions Section.

•	Section F of both petitions should be revised to reflect the
recommended tolerance levels and correct commodity definitions listed in
Table 7.

Background

Flumioxazin is an herbicide of the N-phenylphthalimide class that is
currently used for pre- and post-emergence control of susceptible weeds
in a variety of fruit, vegetable and other field crops.  Its mode of
action is as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO); it is
active against certain grasses, broadleaf weeds, and sedges.  Tolerances
are currently established for residues of flumioxazin in/on various
plant commodities, at levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.70 ppm (40 CFR
§180.568[a]).  Tolerances associated with a Section 18 emergency
exemption have also been established on alfalfa forage and hay at 0.13
and 0.45 ppm, respectively (40 CFR 180.568[b]) (Expiration date
31/DEC/2009).

Valent  has submitted a petition (PP# 6F7092) proposing the use of
flumioxazin formulated as a 51% WDG on alfalfa, and IR-4 has submitted a
separate petition (PP# 6E7151) proposing new uses of flumioxazin on tree
nuts, melons, dry beans, bushberries, fruiting vegetables (including
okra), and asparagus.  The nomenclature and physicochemical properties
of flumioxazin are presented below in Tables 1 and 2.

51% WDG, Valor Herbicide and Chateau ™ WDG Herbicide

Table 2.	Physicochemical Properties of Flumioxazin. 

Parameter	Value	Reference

Melting point/range	202-204 °C	EPA Pesticide Fact Sheet for flumioxazin
issued on April 12, 2001 for conditional registration
(http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/factsheets/flumioxazin.pdf)

218,  = 14700 (pH  1.9)

216,  = 43600 (pH  6.8)

216,  = 51200 (pH 10.0)

	

Directions for Use

Valent and IR-4 are proposing   SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 new uses of
flumioxazin for weed control in alfalfa, dry beans, fruiting vegetables
(including okra), melons, bushberries, and asparagus and for use as a
harvest aid on dry beans.  IR-4 has also proposed expanding the existing
use on almonds to include all tree nuts and amending the existing use on
garlic to increase the use rate.  The formulations being proposed for
these uses include two 51% WDG formulations (VALOR® Herbicide, EPA Reg.
No. 59639-99; CHATEAU® WDG Herbicide, EPA Reg. No. 59639-119).  These
formulations are currently registered to Valent for use on a wide
variety of fruit, vegetable and other field crops at maximum seasonal
use rates of 0.05-0.75 lb ai/A.  

Valent provided example labels containing the proposed use directions
for alfalfa, and IR-4 provided example labels containing the use
directions for the other crops.  IR-4 also provided summaries of the
proposed use directions in Section B of their petition.  With the
exception of alfalfa, the use directions summarized in Table 3 were
obtained from the summaries provided by IR-4.

Table 3.	Summary of Directions for Use of Flumioxazin. 1

Applic. Timing, Type, and Equip.	Formulation

[EPA Reg. No.]	Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A)	Max. No. Applic. per Season	Max. Seasonal Applic. Rate

(lb ai/A)	PHI

(days)	Use Directions and Limitations 2

Alfalfa (established plantings)

Broadcast foliar application within 7 days after cutting; ground or
aerial equipment	51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.125	2	0.25	25	A minimum RTI of 60 days is specified.

Do not apply with any adjuvants or tank mix with EC formulations.

Do not use on mixed stands of alfalfa and grass.

Dry Beans

Weed control: Preemergence broadcast application; ground equipment	51%
WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.093

(0.05)	1	0.093

(0.05)	NA	Apply in a minimum of 10 gal/A.

Use is restricted to areas west of US Hwy 83 in CO and NE

Harvest aid:  Broadcast foliar application to mature beans; ground
equipment

0.093

(0.05)	1	0.093

(0.05)	5	Application may include a COC at 1% v/v.

Apply in a minimum of 10 gal/A (15 gal/A).

Fruiting Vegetables (including okra)

Directed soil applications to row middles after transplanting or
emergence and approximately 21 days prior to harvest; ground equipment 
51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.125

(0.096)	2

(1)	0.25

(0.096)	21

(NS)	Applications may include a COC at 1% v/v.

Apply in a minimum of 10 gal/A (15 gal/A).

Use directed for shielded sprayers for all applications. 

Melons

Directed soil applications to row middles, preplant or preemergence, and
post-emergence 21-28 days later; ground equipment	51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.125

(0.096)	2

(1)	0.25

(0.096)	NS	Minimum RTIs of 21-28 days.

Use directed for shielded sprayers for all applications. 

Apply in a minimum of 10 gal/A (15 gal/A).

Bushberries

Lowbush blueberry:  Directed soil application in early spring; ground
equipment	51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.375	1	0.375	NS	Apply in a minimum of 20 gal/A (15 gal/A).

The minimum RTI is 30 days.

Other bushberries:  Directed soil application in early spring and during
the later stages of berry development.

0.375	2	0.75	7

	Tree Nuts (including pistachios)

Soil directed applications; ground equipment	51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.375	2	0.75	60	The minimum RTI is 60 days (30 days).  Apply
in a minimum of 20 gal/A (15 gal/A).

Asparagus

Broadcast soil application prior to spear emergence	51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.375

(0.255)	1	0.375

(0.255)	14	Apply in a minimum of 20 gal/A (or 15 gal/A).

Garlic

Preemergence broadcast application within 3 days of planting; ground
equipment	51% WDG [59639-99]

[59639-119]	0.38	1	0.38	NS	Apply in a minimum of 10 gal/A.

1	Where there is a difference in information between the summarized use
directions and the example labels, the information from the example
labels is indicated by shading.

2	Rotational crop restriction:  Do not plant any crop except cotton,
peanut, soybean and sugarcane earlier than 30 days after application of
flumioxazin.

NS = not specified.

Conclusions:  The available labels and summaries of the proposed use
directions are adequate for evaluation of the field trial data. 
However, discrepancies were noted in the maximum use rates and the
minimum application volumes listed on example labels when compared to
those in the use summaries provided by IR-4.  For purposes of this
review, the use summaries provided by IR-4 were considered to represent
the intended 1x use rate.  For each crop, the use directions on the
proposed labels must be reconciled with the directions listed in the use
summaries, and new labels should be submitted.  Based on the available
field trial data, the following revisions should also be made to the
proposed labels for the 51% WDG formulations.

•	For dry beans, the labels may specify a maximum single and seasonal
use rate of up to 0.093 lb ai/A, including both the preemergence and
pre-harvest uses.

•	For fruiting vegetables (including okra) and melons, labels may
allow for up to two directed applications per season at up to 0.125 lb
ai/A/application.

•	For melons, applications after blooming should be prohibited.

•	For tree nuts, the labels should specify a minimum RTI of 60 days
rather than 30 days.

•	For asparagus, a maximum single application rate of up to 0.375 lb
ai/A may be specified.

860/1300 Nature of the Residue – Plants

MARC Decision Memo, DP Num: 272652, R. Loranger, 12/MAR/2001

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 Adequate plant metabolism studies are available
depicting the uptake and metabolism of [14C]-flumioxazin following
pre-emergence or soil-directed applications to soybeans, peanuts, corn,
sugarcane, and grapes (DP Num: 259493, D. Dotson; 12/MAR/2001; and
45375504.der, 45888501.der, and 45375503.der, M. Doherty).  Based on
these studies, the HED has determined that the parent compound only is
the residue of concern to be used in risk assessments and the tolerance
expression for primary and rotated crops.  The crops and use patterns
utilized in the available metabolism studies adequately cover the
proposed uses.

860.1300 Nature of the Residue – Livestock

MARC Decision Memo; DP Num: 272652; R. Loranger; 12/MAR/2001

Adequate ruminant and poultry metabolism studies are available depicting
the metabolism of flumioxazin radiolabeled in either the phenyl or
tetrahydrophthaloyl (THP) ring (DP Num: 194594, J. Garbus, 22/SEP/1994;
and DP Num: 259493, D. Dotson, 12/MAR/2001).  In the ruminant studies,
dairy goats were dosed orally for 5 days with phenyl-[14C]- flumioxazin
or THP-[14C]-flumioxazin at levels equivalent to 7.2 and 11.8 ppm in the
diet, which represent approximately 4.7x and 7.8x the TDB.  Levels of
total radioactive residues (TRR) in tissues were similar for the two
[14C]-labels, at 0.012 to 0.028 ppm in muscle, 0.004 to 0.010 ppm in
fat, 0.110 to 0.330 ppm in liver and kidney, and 0.005 to 0.055 ppm in
milk.

In the poultry studies, laying hens were dosed orally for 14 days with
phenyl-[14C]- flumioxazin or THP-[14C]-flumioxazin at levels equivalent
to 9.0 and 9.9 ppm in the diet, which represent approximately 2250x and
2475x the TDB.  For the phenyl-[14C]-label, TRR were 0.040 to 0.074 ppm
in muscle and fat, 0.237 ppm in liver, 0.437 ppm in egg yolks, and 0.018
ppm in egg whites.  For the THP-[14C]-label, TRR were 0.138 to 0.226 ppm
in muscle and fat, 1.137 ppm in liver, 0.531 to 0.760 ppm in egg yolks
(Days 9 to 14), and 0.024 to 0.041 ppm in egg whites.  

The metabolism of flumioxazin is similar in both ruminants and poultry,
involving the hydroxylation and reduction of the cyclohexene ring in the
THP moiety, hydrolytic cleavage of the imide and amide linkages, and
incorporation of sulfonic acid into the THP moiety.  After reviewing the
available studies, the MARC determined that the residues of concern for
ruminants should include parent, 3-OH-flumioxazin, 4-OH-flumioxazin, and
Metabolites B, C, and F.  For poultry, the residues of concern are
parent, 3-OH-flumioxazin, 4-OH-flumioxazin, and 4-OH-S-53482-SA.  

860.1340 Residue Analytical Methods

Plant Commodities  An adequate GC/NPD method is available for enforcing
tolerances of flumioxazin in plant commodities (MRID No. 43935509,
Valent Residue Method #RM-30A-1, Determination of Flumioxazin Residues
in Crops, J. Garbus, 08/JAN/1996).  This method has undergone a
successful independent laboratory validation (ILV) trial and a
successful petition method validation (PMV) trial by the Agency.  The
reported method LOQ and LOD for flumioxazin are 0.020 and 0.010 ppm,
respectively.  However, the validated LOQ was 0.010 ppm for residues in
soybean seed, forage, and hay in the PMV trial, and the LOD was 0.005
ppm.

In the crop field trials submitted in support of the current petitions,
residues of flumioxazin were determined in plant commodities using a
GC/NPD method (Valent Method RM-30A-3), which is a more recent version
of the tolerance enforcement method.  For Method RM-30A-3, residues are
extracted with acetone/water (4:1, v/v) and then partitioned into DCM. 
After evaporation of the DCM, residues are purified by partitioning
between hexane/ACN.  The residues in the ACN phase are then
concentrated, re-dissolved in hexane/ethyl acetate, and purified using a
Florisil column eluted with hexane/ethyl acetate (2:1 v/v).  Residues in
the eluate were concentrated, reconstituted in acetone, and then
analyzed by GC/NPD, using external standards.  

Method RM-30A-3 was adequately validated in conjunction with the
analysis for samples from each of the field trials.  The validated
method LOQ for flumioxazin in/on all plant commodities is 0.02 ppm, and
the LODs range from 0.005 ppm (asparagus) to 0.01 ppm (pecans and
alfalfa).

Livestock Commodities  As tolerances for livestock commodities are not
required, an enforcement method for livestock commodities is not
necessary.  However, adequate data collection methods were submitted in
conjunction with the cattle feeding study (46889603.der, D. Rate,
10/SEP/2007).  Residues of flumioxazin and its two hydroxy metabolites
(3-OH-flumioxazin and 4-OH-flumioxazin) were determined in milk and
tissues using two related LC/MS/MS methods, Valent Methods RM-30MK for
milk and RM-30T for tissues.  

For Method RM-30MK, milk samples are diluted with acetone and
centrifuged.  The resulting supernatant is diluted with 5% sodium
chloride solution, and residues are partitioned into DCM.  Residues are
then concentrated to dryness, and re-dissolved and partitioned in
hexane/ACN.  Residues in the resulting ACN phase are concentrated to
dryness, and re-dissolved in methanol/water (1:1, v/v).  Residues are
determined by LC/MS/MS using a high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) system consisting of a C8 column with a mobile phase gradient of
water to methanol, each containing 0.05% formic acid.  Residues were
quantified by MS/MS using external standards and the m/z 355→299
transition for parent, m/z 371→299/107 transitions for
3-OH-flumioxazin, and the m/z 371→299/107 transitions for
4-OH-flumioxazin.

 

For Method RM-30T, residues in tissue samples are extracted sequentially
with ACN and ACN/water (1:1, v/v) containing 1% acetic acid.  The
extracts are combined and concentrated to remove the ACN, and diluted
with 5% sodium chloride solution.  Residues are then partitioned into
DCM, concentrated to dryness, and re-dissolved and partitioned in
hexane/ACN.  Residues in the resulting ACN phase are concentrated to
dryness, and re-dissolved in methanol/water (1:1, v/v).  Residues are
determined by LC/MS/MS using an HPLC system consisting of a C8 column
with a mobile phase gradient of water to methanol, each containing 0.05%
formic acid.  Residues were quantified by MS/MS using external standards
and the m/z 355→299 transition for parent, m/z 371→299/107
transitions for 3-OH-flumioxazin, and the m/z 371→299/107 transitions
for 4-OH-flumioxazin.  

The above methods were adequately validated in conjunction with the
analysis of the feeding study samples using control samples of milk and
tissues fortified with each analyte at 0.02 and 0.10 ppm.  Recoveries
from milk, cream and skim milk averaged 84-92% (± 1-9%) for
flumioxazin, 89-95% (± 8-11%) for 3-OH-flumioxazin, and 84-93% (±
6-10%) for 4-OH-flumioxazin.  Recoveries from tissues averaged 77-88%
(± 3-12%) for flumioxazin, 85-102% (± 12-25%) for 3-OH-flumioxazin,
and 96-102% (± 17-20%) for 4-OH-flumioxazin.  For both methods, the
validated LOQ is 0.02 ppm for each analyte, and the reported LOD is 0.01
ppm.  

860.1360 Multiresidue Methods

DP Num: 259493, D. Dotson, 12/MAR/2001

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 Data depicting the analysis of flumioxazin through
FDA Multiresidue Protocols were submitted and will be forwarded to FDA
for review.  The multiresidue method testing data indicate that
flumioxazin is not recovered through Sections 304 and 402 of PAM, Vol.
I.

860.1380 Storage Stability

Storage stability data for flumioxazin residues in various plant
commodities are available from several earlier petitions (DP Num:
259493, D. Dotson, 12/MAR/2001; DP Num: 298647, W. Drew, 17/FEB/2004; DP
Num: 301247, W. Drew; 23/JUL/2004; and DP Num: 310408, W. Drew;
15/MAR/2006).  Data from these petitions indicate that flumioxazin is
stable in frozen (-20ºC) storage for at least the following intervals:
13 months in sugarcane; 12 months in cherries and soybean forage, hay,
and seed; 10 months in peanut forage, hay, hulls, and nutmeats; 9 to 11
months in mint tops and oil; 9 months in prunes, wet apple pomace,
potatoes, and potato processed fractions; 6 months in apple juice,
grapes, raisins, and almond nutmeats and hulls; 4 months in dry bulb
onions; 3 months in cotton seed, gin byproducts, hulls, and meal; and 2
to 3 months in grape juice, and sugarcane molasses and refined sugar.  

In conjunction with each of the new field trials, concurrent storage
stability studies were also conducted using control samples of each
commodity fortified with flumioxazin at 0.10 or 0.20 ppm and stored
under conditions similar to the field trial samples (≤-15ºC).  These
studies indicated that flumioxazin is stable at -20ºC for at least the
following intervals: 30 months in alfalfa forage and hay; 22 months in
dry beans; 7 months in tomatoes and asparagus; 5.8 months in
blueberries; and 4 months in cantaloupes and pecans.  The actual
durations of sample storage from the new crop field trials are presented
in Table 4.

Residue decline was observed only in the pepper storage stability study.
 Following 786 days (25.8 months) of frozen storage, there was an
apparent 19% decline in flumioxazin residues in peppers.  However, the
validity of the decline could not be confirmed as only one storage
interval was tested.  In addition, the correction of residue levels in
peppers would have no impact on the conclusions regarding the tolerance
level in fruiting vegetables.  Residues were non-detectable (<0.007 ppm)
in/on all 18 pepper samples, and even if a 19% correction factor is
applied for decline during storage, the resulting residues on peppers
(0.009 ppm) would still be well below the method LOQ of 0.02 ppm. 

Table 4.	Summary of Storage Conditions and Intervals of Samples from
Crop Field Trials.  

Matrix 	Storage Temperature  (°C)	Actual Storage Duration

(Days)	Interval of Demonstrated

Storage Stability (Days)

Alfalfa forage and hay	-20	455	929

Pecan, nutmeat	-20 to -15	55-97	135

Cantaloupes	-25 to -15	58-125	125

Dry Bean, seeds	-25 to-15	309	684

Blueberries	-25 to-15	128-176	176

Asparagus	-25 to -15	29-110	217

Tomato	-25 to -15	204	212

Pepper	-25 to -15	807	786 1

1	An apparent 19% decline in residues was noted in peppers after 26
months of frozen storage.

Conclusions  The available storage stability data are adequate and
support the sample storage durations incurred in the alfalfa, pecan,
cantaloupe, dry bean, blueberry, asparagus, tomato and pepper field
trials.  As frozen samples of whole milk, cream, skim milk and tissues
from the cattle feeding study were analyzed within 30 days of
collection, no storage stability data are required to support the
feeding study.  

860.1400 Water, Fish, and Irrigated Crops

This guideline requirement is not relevant to the current petition as no
aquatic uses are being proposed. 

860.1460 Food Handling

This guideline requirement is not relevant to the current petition as no
food handling uses are being proposed for flumioxazin. 

860.1480 Meat, Milk, Poultry, and Eggs

46889603.der, D. Rate, 20/JUN/2007 (Cattle Feeding Study)

The potential dietary exposure of livestock to flumioxazin residues was
previously calculated to be 0.25 ppm for beef and dairy cattle, 0.008
ppm for poultry, and 0.15 ppm for swine under an earlier petition (DP
Num: 310408, W. Drew, 15/MAR/2006).  However, the addition of uses on
alfalfa will increase the potential dietary burden of flumioxazin
residues for cattle.  In addition, the Agency has recently revised its
guidance on calculating potential residues in livestock diets and
updated the types and percentages of feedstuffs listed in Table 1 of
OPPTS Guideline 860.1000 (Memo, ChemSAC, OCT/25/2006).  Therefore, the
potential TDB of flumioxazin residues to livestock was recalculated
using the recent guidance on constructing a reasonably balanced diet for
livestock.  The dietary exposure was calculated to be 0.96 ppm for beef
cattle, 3.19 ppm for dairy cattle, 0.005 ppm for poultry and 0.004 ppm
for swine (Table 5).

Table 5.   Calculation of Maximum Dietary Burdens of Flumioxazin
Residues to Livestock.

Feedstuff	Type 	% Dry Matter 	% Diet	Recommended Tolerance (ppm)	Dietary
Contribution (ppm)

Beef Cattle        R: 15%; CC: 75 %;  PC: 10%

Alfalfa, hay	R	89	10	8.0	0.90

Cotton, gin byproducts	R	90	5	0.6	0.034

Sugarcane , molasses	CC	75	10	0.2	0.027

Untreated 	CC	NA	70	NA	-0-

Soybean, seed (meal)	PC	89	5	0.02	0.001

Total 

	100

0.961

Dairy Cattle    R: 45%; CC: 45 %;  PC: 10%

Alfalfa, hay	R	89	20	8.0	1.80

Alfalfa, forage/silage	R	35	15	3.0	1.29

Almond, hulls	R	90	10	0.7	0.08

Sugarcane , molasses	CC	75	10	0.2	0.027

Untreated 	CC	NA	35	NA	-0-

Cotton, undelinted seed	PC	90	10	0.02	0.002

Total

	100

3.19

Poultry        CC: 75-80 %;  PC: 20-25%  (normally  no R, some
exceptions)

Untreated 	CC	NA	75	NA	-0-

Peanut, meal/soybean seed/meal	PC	N/A	25	0.02	0.005

Total

	100

0.005

Swine      CC: 80-85 %;  PC: 15-20%

Untreated 	CC	NA	80	NA	-0-

Peanut, meal/soybean seed/meal	PC	N/A	20	0.02	0.004

Total

	100

0.004

All data are based on Table 1 Feedstuffs (October 2006), a revision of
feedstuffs data found in Table 1 (OPPTS Residue Chemistry Test Guideline
180.1000).  Residue levels for beef and dairy cattle are corrected for
moisture content and are determined by formula: tolerance / % dry matter
(DM)  x  % in diet.  Residue levels for poultry and swine are considered
“as-is” and are determined by formula: tolerance  x   % in diet.  R
= roughage; CC = carbohydrate concentrate; PC = protein concentrate.

Cattle:  In the submitted cattle feeding study, lactating Holstein dairy
cows (3 cows/dose group) were dosed orally with flumioxazin (TGAI, 99.1%
ai) via capsules at levels equivalent to 2, 6 and 20 ppm in their diet
for 28 consecutive days.  These dose levels are respectively equivalent
to 0.6x, 1.9x, and 6.3x the TDB for dairy cattle.  Cows were dosed once
a day following the a.m. milking, and the actual dose for each cow was
based on their average feed consumption (dry wt. basis) during the
acclimation period.  Composited samples of milk were collected from each
cow on Study Days: -1 (pre-dosing), 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24 and
28, and subsamples of whole milk from Day 24 were centrifuged to obtain
cream and skim milk samples.  Within 24 hours of receiving the final
dose, cows were sacrificed and samples of liver, kidney, composited
muscle, and composited fat were collected from each animal and stored at
-20ºC.  As all samples were analyzed within 30 days of collection,
supporting storage stability data are not required.

Residues of flumioxazin and its two hydroxy metabolites
(3-OH-flumioxazin and 4-OH-flumioxazin) were determined in milk and
tissues using two related LC/MS/MS methods, Valent Methods RM-30MK for
milk and RM-30T for tissues.  These methods were adequately validated in
conjunction with the analysis of feed study samples.  Recoveries from
milk, cream and skim milk averaged 84-92% (± 1-9%) for flumioxazin,
89-95% (± 8-11%) for 3-OH-flumioxazin, and 84-93% (± 6-10%) for
4-OH-flumioxazin.  Recoveries from tissues averaged 77-88% (± 3-12%)
for flumioxazin, 85-102% (± 12-25%) for 3-OH-flumioxazin, and 96-102%
(± 17-20%) for 4-OH-flumioxazin.  For each analyte, the validated LOQ
in milk and tissues is 0.02 ppm, and the reported LOD is 0.01 ppm.

Following oral dosing with flumioxazin at a level equivalent to 20 ppm
in the diet (6.3x TDB), residues of flumioxazin, 3-OH-flumioxazin and
4-OH-flumioxazin were each non-detectable (<0.01 ppm) in all samples of
milk, skim milk, cream, liver, kidneys, muscle and fat from all three
cows.  As residues were <LOD in the 20 ppm dose group, samples of milk
and tissues from the 2 and 6 ppm dose groups were not analyzed.

Conclusions  The submitted cattle feeding study is adequate.  As
residues of flumioxazin and its two hydroxy metabolites were <LOD in all
samples of milk and tissues from cattle dosed for 28 days at levels
equivalent to 20 ppm in their diet (6.3x TDB), quantifiable residues are
unlikely to occur in cattle, goats, horse, or sheep.  Therefore,
tolerances for flumioxazin residues are not required in commodities from
cattle, goats, hogs, horses or sheep (40 CFR §180.6[a][3]).

In addition, results from the available poultry metabolism study, in
which hens were dosed for 14 days at 9.0 ppm (1,800x TDB), indicate that
quantifiable residues are unlikely to occur in eggs or poultry tissues. 
Therefore, tolerances for flumioxazin residues are also not required in
eggs or poultry tissues (40 CFR §180.6[a][3]).

860.1500 Crop Field Trials

45375505.der, W. Drew (Almond)

46133901.der, W. Drew (dry bulb onion)

46889604.der, D. Rate, 19/SEP/2007 (Alfalfa)

47005101.der, D. Rate, 10/SEP/2007 (Pecan)

47005102.der, D. Rate, 07/SEP/2007 (Cantaloupe)

47005103.der, D. Rate, 07/SEP/2007 (Dry beans)

47005104.der, D. Rate, 10/SEP/2007 (Blueberry)

47005105.der, D. Rate, 07/SEP/2007 (Asparagus)

47005106.der, D. Rate, 07/SEP/2007 (Tomato)

47005107.der, D. Rate, 07/SEP/2007 (Pepper)

Valent has submitted new field trail data on alfalfa and IR-4 has
submitted new field trial data on pecans, cantaloupes, dry beans,
blueberries, asparagus, tomatoes and peppers.  The pecan data will be
used in conjunction with data from the previously reviewed almond field
trials (DP Num: 301247, W. Drew, 23/JUL/2004) to support a use on the
tree nuts crop group.  The results from these studies are discussed
below and summarized in Table 6.  In addition, data from the previously
reviewed bulb onion field trials (DP Num: 301247, W. Drew, 23/JUL/2004)
will be used to evaluate the proposed label amendment for garlic.    SEQ
CHAPTER \h \r 1  

Table 6.	Summary of Residue Data from Crop Field Trials with Flumioxazin
(WDG).

Crop matrix	Total Applic. Rate  (lb ai/A)	PHI (days)	Residue Levels
(ppm) 1

	n	Min.	Max.	HAFT	Median	Mean	Std. Dev.

Alfalfa (proposed use = 0.25 lb ai/A total application rate, 25-day PHI)

Forage	0.12-0.26 3	25	2	24	0.02	0.80	0.80	0.12	0.18

60	3	26	<0.01	0.19	0.14	0.02	0.03

113	4	26	<0.01	0.09	0.04	0.01	0.02

Hay	0.12-0.26 3	25	2	24	0.06	1.60	1.50	0.27	0.48

60	3	26	<0.01	0.09	0.08	0.03	0.03

113	4	22	<0.01	0.15	0.13	0.01	0.03

Tree nuts (proposed use = 0.75 lb ai/A total application rate, 60-day
PHI)

Pecan	0.751-0.769	42-61 4	10	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

Almond	0.749-0.758	60-61	8	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01	--

Almond, hulls

	8	<0.01	0.066	0.064	0.034	0.034	0.022

Melons (proposed use = 0.25 lb ai/A total application rate, No PHI)

Cantaloupe	0.245-0.256	36-69	16	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

Dry Beans (proposed use = 0.093 lb ai/A total application rate, 5-day
PHI)

Beans, dry	0.091-0.096	4-6	26	<0.02	0.05	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.01

Bushberries:	Lowbush,  proposed use = 0.40 lb ai/A total application
rate, No PHI

		   Highbush, proposed use =0.75 lb ai/A total application rate, 7-day
PHI

Blueberry, lowbush	0.400	99	2	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

Blueberry, highbush	0.744-0.797	6-8	10	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

Asparagus (proposed use =0.375 lb ai/A total application rate, 14-day
PHI) 

Asparagus	0.190-0.197	8-20 5	16	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

	0.380-0.404

16	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

Fruiting vegetables, including okra (proposed use = 0.25 lb ai/A total,
21-day PHI)

Tomato	0.244-0.259	15-21 6	24	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02	--

Peppers

(Bell and Non-Bell)	0.246-0.259	15-21 6	18	<0.02	<0.02	<0.02	0.02	0.02
--

1	With the exception of the almond field trials, the validated method
LOQ is 0.02 ppm.  For almond nutmeats and hulls, the LOQ was 0.01 ppm. 
For calculation of the median, mean, and standard deviation, the LOQ was
used for samples with residues <LOQ.	

2	HAFT = Highest Average Field Trial.

3	All 12 alfalfa field trials included a single application at 0.12-0.13
lb ai/A following the 1st cutting, and six of the field trials also
included an earlier application to dormant alfalfa at 0.12-0.13 lb ai/A
for a total of 0.24-0.26 lb ai/A.

4	Pecan samples were collected at a 59-61 day PHI, with the exception of
one site (42 day PHI).

5	Samples were collected at a 19-21 day PHI, with the exception of one
site (15 day PHI) each for tomatoes and peppers.

6	For asparagus, 12 out of 16 samples were harvested at a 14-15 day PHI.

Bulb Vegetables (Group 3)

Garlic  For the currently registered preemergence use of flumioxazin on
garlic, IR-4 is requesting that the use directions be amended to
increase the maximum application rate to 0.38 lb ai/A.  The current use
on garlic is supported by bulb onion field trial data, which were
previously reviewed under an earlier petition (DP Num: 301247, W. Drew,
23/JUL/2004).

In 9 bulb onion trials conducted during 2001-2002 in EPA growing Regions
1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11, flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to bulb
onions as a two postemergence broadcast applications at 0.09-0.10 lb
ai/A, for a total use rate of 0.185-0.200 lb ai/A.  The first
application was made at the 2nd leaf stage and the second application
was made during vegetative development at RTIs of 29-78 days.  The
applications were made using ground equipment at spray volumes of 16-42
gal/A, and each application included the use of NIS adjuvant at 0.25% of
the spray volume.  Control and duplicate treated samples of bulb onions
were harvested at normal maturity at a 42-49 day PHI.  Samples were
stored frozen up to 124 days, a duration supported by available storage
stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-1) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on onions was adequately validated in conjunction with the field
trials.  The validated LOQ for flumioxazin was 0.02 ppm in/on bulb
onions, and the stated LOD was 0.009 ppm.  

Following two postemergence applications totaling 0.185-0.200 lb ai/A,
residues were <0.02 ppm in/on 18 samples of bulb onions harvested at a
42-to 49-day PHI.

Although the bulb onion data are from field trials that were conducted
at only 0.5x the proposed maximum use rate for garlic, the bulb onion
data will adequately support the requested increase in the use rate for
garlic because the applications to onions occurred at a much later
growth stage than allowed for garlic, and residues in/on all onion
samples were <LOQ.  The residue data on onions reflect postemergence
applications with PHIs of 42-49 days, whereas, the use on garlic is for
a single preemergence application, and the typical planting to harvest
interval for garlic is approximately 8 months (250 days). 

Legume Vegetables (Group 6)

Dry Beans:  IR-4 submitted field trial data for flumioxazin on dry
beans.  In 12 field trials conducted during 2003 in EPA growing Regions
1 (one trial; NY), 5 (3 trials; OH, ND), 7 (4 trials; NE, ND), 8 (2
trials; CO), 10 (one trial; CA) and 11 (one trial; ID), flumioxazin (51%
WDG) was applied to dry bean varieties as a single pre-harvest,
broadcast application at 0.091-0.096 lb ai/A (1x rate).  The
applications were made using ground equipment at volumes of 10-35 gal/A,
and each application included the use of a COC at 0.6-2.5% of the spray
volume. The beans were cut at normal commercial maturity following a 4-
to 6-day PHI, and dried prior to shelling.  Beans were shelled either by
hand or mechanically, and duplicate control and treated samples of dry
beans were collected.  Samples were stored frozen up to 309 days, a
duration supported by available storage stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on dry beans was adequately validated in conjunction with the field
trials. The average concurrent recovery of flumioxazin was 107% with a
standard deviation of 11%.  The validated method LOQ for flumioxazin was
0.02 ppm in/on dry beans, and the statistically calculated LOD was 0.007
ppm. 

Following a single pre-harvest broadcast application of flumioxazin
(WDG) at 0.091-0.096 lb ai/A, residues were ND-0.05 ppm in/on 26 samples
of dried beans harvested at a 4- to 6-day PHI.  Residues were <LOQ
(<0.02 ppm) in/on 22 of the 26 samples.  Average residues were 0.02 ppm
and the HAFT residues were 0.05 ppm.

Fruiting Vegetables, except Cucurbits (Group 8)

Tomatoes:  IR-4 submitted field trial data for flumioxazin on the
representative crop of tomatoes. In 12 field trials conducted during the
2003 growing season in EPA growing Regions 1 (one trial; NY), 2 (one
trial; SC), 3 (2 trials; FL), 5 (one trial; WI) and 10 (7 trials; CA),
flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to tomatoes as two soil applications
directed to row middles at 0.120-0.134 lb ai/A/application, for a total
use rate of 0.244-0.259 lb ai/A (1x rate).  The initial application was
made at seedling emergence, transplanting, or during early vegetative
development, and the second application was made approximately 21 days
prior to crop maturity, for RTIs of 45-103 days.  At one field site, an
additional plot was treated at an exaggerated rate of 0.621-0.689 lb
ai/A, for a total of 1.25 lb ai/A (5x rate). Applications were made
using ground equipment at volumes of 16-32 gal/A, and each application
included the use of a COC at 1% v/v of the spray volume.  Single control
and duplicate treated samples were harvested at a 19- to 21-day PHI,
with the exception of one test where samples were harvested at a 15-day
PHI due to weather conditions.  Samples were stored frozen up to 204
days, a duration supported by available storage stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on tomatoes was adequately validated in conjunction with the field
trials.  The validated method LOQ for flumioxazin in/on tomatoes was
0.02 ppm, and the statistically calculated LOD was 0.01 ppm.  

Following two soil-directed applications of flumioxazin (WDG) totaling
0.244-0.259 lb ai/A (1x rate), residues were <LOQ in/on all samples of
tomatoes harvested at 15-21 DAT.  Based on an LOQ of 0.02 ppm, average
and median residues were 0.02 ppm.  Residues were also <LOQ in/on the
two tomato samples harvested from the plot treated at 1.25 lb ai/A (5x
rate).  

Peppers:  IR-4 submitted field trial data for flumioxazin on the
representative crop of peppers.  In 9 field trials conducted during 2003
growing season in EPA growing Regions 2 (2 trials; NC, GA), 3 (one
trial; FL), 6 (2 trials; TX), 8 (one trial; CO) and 10 (3 trials; CA,
NM), flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to bell and non-bell peppers as
two soil applications directed to row middles at 0.121-0.131 lb
ai/A/application, for a total use rate of 0.246-0.259 lb ai/A (1x rate).
 The initial application was made to seedlings or transplants during
early vegetative development, and the second application was made
approximately 21 days prior to crop maturity, for RTIs of 42-82 days. 
Applications were made using ground equipment at volumes of 12-26 gal/A,
and each application included the use of a COC at 1% v/v of the spray
volume.  Duplicate control and treated samples were harvested at a 19-
to 21-day PHI, with the exception of one test where samples were
harvested at a 15-day PHI due to fruit rot.  Pepper samples were stored
frozen up to 807 days, and the storage durations are supported by the
available storage stability data.

 

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on peppers was adequately validated in conjunction with the field
trials.  The average method validation recovery of flumioxazin from
peppers was 87% with a standard deviation of 19%.  The validated LOQ for
flumioxazin in/on peppers was 0.02 ppm, and the statistically calculated
LOD was 0.007 ppm.  

Following two soil-directed applications of flumioxazin (WDG) to peppers
at rates totaling 0.246-0.259 lb ai/A (1x rate), residues were
non-detectable (<0.007 ppm) for in/on all samples harvested at a 15- to
21-day PHI.  Even if residues are corrected to account for a 19% decline
during storage, residues in/on all pepper samples would still be <0.009
ppm.

Melon (Subgroup 9A)

Cantaloupes:  IR-4 submitted field trial data for flumioxazin on the
representative crop cantaloupes.  In eight field trials conducted during
2003 in EPA growing Regions 2 (one trial; NC), 5 (one trial; MI), 6 (2
trials; TX) and 10 (4 trials; CA, NM), flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied
to cantaloupes as two soil applications directed to row middles at
0.121-0.130 lb ai/A/application, for a total use rate of 0.245-0.256 lb
ai/A (1x rate).  The initial application was made either preplant or
preemergence, and the second application was made during later
vegetative development or at blooming, for RTIs of 30-47 days. 
Applications were made using ground equipment at volumes of 20-32 gal/A,
and did not include the use of any adjuvant.  Duplicate control and
treated samples were harvested following a 36- to 69-day PHI.  Samples
were stored frozen up to 125 days, a duration supported by available
storage stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on cantaloupes was adequately validated in conjunction with the
analysis of field trial samples.  The validated LOQ for flumioxazin was
0.02 ppm, and the statistically calculated LOD was 0.008 ppm.  

Following two soil-directed applications of flumioxazin (WDG) totaling
0.245-0.256 lb ai/A, residues were non-detectable (<0.008 ppm) in/on all
16 samples of cantaloupes harvested at 36-69 DAT.  Based on an LOQ of
0.02 ppm, average and median residues were 0.02 ppm. 

Bushberries (Subgroup 13B).

Blueberries:  IR-4 submitted field trial data for flumioxazin on the
representative crop blueberries.  A total of 6 field trials were
conducted on lowbush (1 test) and highbush (5 tests) blueberries during
2003 in EPA growing Regions 1 (one trial; ME), 2 (2 trials; NJ,NC), 5 (2
trials; MI), and 12 (one trial; OR).  In the lowbush blueberry test,
flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to dormant plants as a single
broadcast application at 0.40 lb ai/A.  In the highbush blueberry tests,
flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied as two soil-directed applications at
0.370-0.405 lb ai/A/application, for a total use rate of 0.744-0.797 lb
ai/A (1x rate).  The first application was made around bud break and
flowering and the second application was made 50-113 days later during
fruit development.  Applications were made using ground equipment at
volumes of 20-32 gal/A and did not include the use of an adjuvant. 
Duplicate control and treated samples of blueberries were harvested at
either a 99-day PHI in the lowbush test or at a 6- to 8-day PHI in the
highbush tests.  Samples were stored frozen up to 176 days, a duration
supported by available storage stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on blueberries was adequately validated in conjunction with the
analysis of field trial samples.  The validated LOQ for flumioxazin
in/on blueberries was 0.02 ppm, and the statistically calculated LOD was
0.006 ppm.

Following a single broadcast application to dormant plants at 0.40 lb
ai/A, flumioxazin residues were non-detectable (ND) in/on two samples of
lowbush blueberries harvested at a 99-day PHI.  Residues were <LOQ
(<0.02 ppm) in/on 10 samples of highbush blueberries harvested 6-8 days
after the second of two soil-directed applications totaling 0.744-0.797
lb ai/A.  Average flumioxazin residues were <0.02 ppm in/on both lowbush
and highbush blueberries.

Tree Nuts (Group 14)

Almonds:  The almond field trail data were previously reviewed under an
earlier petition (DP Num: 301247, W. Drew, 23/JUL/2004).  A total of 5
field trials were conducted on almonds during 1999 in CA (Zone 10).  In
four tests, flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to almond trees as two
soil-directed applications during nut development at 0.375 lb
ai/A/application, and RTIs of 60 days, for a total use rate of 0.75 lb
ai/A/season (1x rate).  In a fifth test, flumioxazin (51% WDG) was
applied similarly at rates of 0.75 lb ai/A, for a total use rate of 1.5
lb ai/A/season (2x rate).  Applications were made using ground equipment
at spray volumes of 18-25 gal/A, and included the use of a COC as an
adjuvant.  Control and treated samples of nuts and hulls were harvested
from four of the tests at a 60- to 61-day PHI.  Samples were stored
frozen up to 185 days, a duration supported by available storage
stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-1) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on almond nutmeats and hulls was adequately validated in conjunction
with the field trials.  The validated LOQ for flumioxazin in/on almond
nutmeats and hulls was 0.01 ppm, and the reported LOD was 0.005 ppm.  

 

Following two soil-directed applications of flumioxazin (WDG) during nut
development at rates totaling 0.75 lb ai/A (1x rate), flumioxazin
residues were <LOQ (ND-0.007 ppm) in/on 8 samples of nutmeats and
ND-0.066 ppm in/on 8 samples of hulls.  For the 2x-rate applications,
residues were 0.006 and 0.007 ppm in/on two nutmeat samples and 0.487
and 0.617 ppm in/on 2 hull samples.

Pecans:  IR-4 submitted additional field trial data for flumioxazin on
pecans.  In 5 field trials conducted during 2003 in EPA growing Regions
2 (2 trials; NC), 4 (one trial; TX), 6 (one trial; LA) and 8 (one trial;
NM), flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to pecan trees as two
soil-directed applications during nut development at rates of
0.374-0.381 lb ai/A and RTIs of 58-61 days, for a total use rate of
0.751-0.760 lb ai/A (1x rate).  Applications were made using ground
equipment at volumes of 22-33 gal/A, and did not include the use of any
spray adjuvant.  Duplicate control and treated samples of nuts were
harvested from four of the tests at a 59- to 61-day PHI, and from one
site at a 42-day PHI to prevent predation.  Samples were stored frozen
up to 97 days, a duration supported by available storage stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on pecans was adequately validated in conjunction with the field
trials.  The validated LOQ for flumioxazin in/on pecans was 0.02 ppm,
and the statistically calculated LOD was 0.01 ppm.  

 

Following two soil-directed applications of flumioxazin (WDG) during nut
development at rates totaling 0.751-0.760 lb ai/A, flumioxazin residues
were non-detectable (ND, <0.01 ppm) in/on all samples of nutmeats
harvested at a 42-61 day PHI.

Nongrass Animal Feeds (Group 18)

Alfalfa:  Valent Corporation submitted field trial data for flumioxazin
on alfalfa from 12 field trials conducted during 2003, 2004 and 2005 in
EPA growing Regions 1 (one trial; PA), 2 (one trial; GA), 5 (6 trials;
MO, NE, SD, OH, IL), 7 (one trial; ND), 9 (one trial; AZ), 10 (one
trial; CA) and 11 (one trial; ID).  In the six field trials conducted
during 2003 and 2004 (Trials A-G), flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to
alfalfa as two broadcast foliar applications at 0.12-0.13 lb
ai/A/application, for a total use rate of 0.24-0.26 lb ai/A.  One test
site (Trial A) also include a plot using exaggerated application rates
of 0.25 lb ai/A, for a total use rate of 0.5 lb ai/A/season.  The
initial application in the 2003/2004 trials was made to dormant or
immature alfalfa approximately 25 days prior to the 1st cutting, and the
second application was made to stubble and new growth, 6-8 days
following the 1st cutting, for RTIs of 31-41 days.  Owing to the
excessive phytotoxicity noted in the 2003/2004 tests, the application
regime was changed for the six field trails conducted in 2005.  In these
tests, flumioxazin (51% WDG) was applied to the new growth 7-9 days
after the 1st cutting as a single broadcast foliar application at
0.12-0.13 lb ai/A.  Two test sites during 2005 (Trials H and J) also
include plots using an exaggerated application of 0.25 lb ai/A.  All
applications were made using ground equipment at volumes of 15-26 gal/A.
 The initial application in the 2003/2004 tests and the single
application in the 2005 tests included the use of a non-ionic surfactant
(NIS) as an adjuvant at 0.25% v/v.

Following the application of flumioxazin to alfalfa stubble/new growth
after the 1st cutting, three additional cuttings of alfalfa were
obtained from each test at normal harvest intervals.  The 2nd, 3rd, and
4th cuttings were made following a 24- to 26-day PHI, 45- to 70-day PHI,
and a 71- to 128-day PHI, respectively.  At each of these cuttings,
single control and duplicate treated samples of forage and hay were
collected.  Duplicate treated samples of forage and hay were also
collected at 3, 15, 24, 35, 65 and 107 DAT from one test in 2003 to
examine residue decline.  In all tests, the forage samples were
immediately frozen after collection, and the hay samples were
field-dried for 1-9 days prior to collection.  Forage and hay samples
were stored frozen for up to 455 days prior to analysis, a duration
supported by the submitted storage stability data. 

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on alfalfa forage and hay was adequately validated in conjunction
with the analysis of field trial samples.  The validated method LOQ for
flumioxazin in/on alfalfa forage and hay was 0.02 ppm, and the reported
LOD was 0.01 ppm.  

Although the 2003/2004 field trials included an extra application of
flumioxazin to dormant or emergent alfalfa, all the field trials
included an application at 0.12-0.13 lb ai/A to alfalfa approximately 7
days following the 1st cutting of the season.  The resulting flumioxazin
residues in/on forage and hay from the 2nd cutting (~25 day PHI), and
from the subsequent 3rd and 4th cuttings were similar across all tests,
regardless of whether or not an early-season application was made. 
Residues of flumioxazin in/on forage were <0.02-1.70 ppm from the 2nd
cutting harvested at 24-26 DAT, <0.02-0.19 ppm from the 3rd cutting
harvested at 45-70 DAT, and <0.02-0.06 ppm from the 4th cutting
harvested at 71-128 DAT.  Residues in/on hay from the three cuttings
were 0.06-5.50 ppm at 24-26 DAT, <0.02-0.09 ppm at 45-70 DAT, and
<0.02-0.15 ppm at 71-128 DAT.  Average flumioxazin residues in/on
alfalfa from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cuttings were respectively 0.18,
0.03, and 0.02 ppm for forage and 0.48, 0.04, and 0.03 ppm for hay.

Miscellaneous Crops

Asparagus:  IR-4 submitted field trial data for flumioxazin on asparagus
from 8 field trials conducted during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons
in EPA growing Regions 2 (one trial; NJ), 5 (2 trials; MI), 10 (3
trials; CA) and 11 (2 trials; WA).  In each test, flumioxazin (51% WDG)
was applied as a single broadcast application to dormant or recently cut
asparagus at approximately 14-15 days prior to the anticipated harvest. 
Two plots were treated at each test site at rates of either 0.190-0.197
lb ai/A or 0.380-0.404 lb ai/A.  Applications were made using ground
equipment at volumes of 20-37 gal/A, and an adjuvant was not used for
any application.  Single control and duplicate treated samples were
harvested following an 8- to 20-day PHI, with most samples being
harvested at a 14- to 15-day PHI.  Samples were stored frozen up to 110
days, a duration supported by available storage stability data.

The GC/NPD method (RM-30A-3) used for determining flumioxazin residues
in/on asparagus was adequately validated in conjunction with the field
trials.  The validated LOQ for flumioxazin in/on asparagus was 0.02 ppm,
and the statistically calculated LOD was 0.005 ppm.  

Following a single early-season application of flumioxazin (WDG) to
dormant or freshly cut asparagus at either 0.190-0.197 lb ai/A or
0.380-0.404 lb ai/A (0.5x and 1x rates), flumioxazin residues were <LOQ
in/on all samples of asparagus from both the low and high application
rates.

Conclusions:  The available almond, pecan, cantaloupe, dry bean,
blueberry, asparagus, tomato, and pepper field trials are adequate and
support the proposed use patterns.  An adequate number of tests were
conducted on each crop in the appropriate geographical regions.  Samples
were analyzed for the residue of concern using an adequate method, and
sample storage conditions and durations were supported by the
available/submitted storage stability data.  As residues were <LOQ (0.02
ppm) in/on all commodities, except dry beans and almond hulls, the data
support the proposed 0.02 ppm tolerances in the following commodities:
tree nuts (group 14), melons (subgroup 9A), asparagus, fruiting
vegetables (group 8), okra, and assorted types of bushberries.  

Utilizing the tolerance harmonization spreadsheet, the available residue
data on dry beans does not conform to lognormality; thus, lognormality
is rejected.  Based on the CA method (µ + 3σ), the residue data will
support a tolerance of 0.05 ppm.  

The alfalfa field trial data are also adequate.  A sufficient number of
field trials are available.  However, the tolerance harmonization
spreadsheet will be used and the highest residue calculated from each
set or combination will represent the recommended tolerance.  Utilizing
the tolerance harmonization spreadsheet in this way, the available
residue data on alfalfa supports tolerances of 3.0 ppm for forage and
8.0 ppm for hay.  

In addition, the available bulb onion field trial data will support the
requested increase in the use rate for garlic up to 0.38 lb ai/A, and
the existing 0.02 ppm tolerance in garlic is adequate.

A revised section F will be required for both petitions to correct
commodity definitions and match the proposed tolerances with the
recommended tolerances as listed in Table 7.

860.1520 Processed Food and Feed

Tomato is the only crop associated with the current petitions for which
a processing study is required.  No tomato processing study was
submitted with these petitions.  However, in one of the tomato field
trials, flumioxazin (WDG) was applied as two soil-directed applications
at 0.621-0.689 lb ai/A, for a total use rate of 1.25 lb ai/A (5x rate). 
Both applications included the use of a COC at 1% v/v.  Residues were
<0.02 ppm in/on duplicate samples of tomatoes harvested at 21 DAT.  As
residues were <LOQ following applications at a 5x rate, a tomato
processing study is not required, and no tolerances are necessary in
processed tomato commodities.

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 860.1650 Submittal of Analytical Reference
Standards

An analytical reference standard for flumioxazin has been submitted to
the EPA National Pesticide Standards Repository.

860.1850/860.1900 Confined and Field Accumulation in Rotational Crops

Current label directions for both 51% WDG formulations of flumioxazin
specify the following general rotational crop restriction:  do not plant
any crop except cotton, peanut, soybean and sugarcane earlier than 30
days after application of flumioxazin.  In addition, the labels also
specify a variety of PBIs for different field crops depending on the
application rate. For the highest use rate on any rotated crop (0.38 lb
ai/A), the specified PBIs are 9 months for cotton, field corn, peanut,
rice, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, tobacco and wheat, and 18 months for
all other field crops.

An adequate confined rotational crop study is available reflecting
application of [THP-14C] flumioxazin at rates of 0.096 and 0.19 lb ai/A
(DP Num: 259593, D. Dotson, 12/MAR/2001).

Following an application of [14C]flumioxazin at 0.96 lb ai/A, TRRs were
0.004-0.057 ppm in RACs from representative rotational crops planted 30
days post-treatment (60 days for lettuce, because of phytotoxicity). 
Extraction and analysis of plant samples with TRRs >0.01 ppm indicated
that the majority of extractable 14C-residues were comprised of unknown
polar components each present at ≤0.015 ppm.  Low levels of
flumioxazin (≤0.003 ppm) were detected in carrot tops and wheat chaff
and straw, along with trace amounts (<0.001 ppm) of the metabolites
482-HA, IMOXA, and 482-CA.

C-residues were comprised of unknown polar components.  Flumioxazin was
detected at ≤0.009 in sample extracts from carrot tops and roots, and
wheat chaff and straw, with the exception of wheat straw (0.033 ppm)
from the 120-day PBI.  Other metabolites tentatively identified
included:  482-HA (≤0.002 ppm), IMOXA (<0.001 ppm), 482-CA (<0.001) in
carrot and wheat samples and SAT-1-OH-482 (0.008 ppm), 1-OH-HPA (0.004
ppm), THPA (0.004 ppm), and TPA (0.0004 ppm) in wheat straw from later
PBIs.  Based on the results from the confined study, HED has determined
that the residue of concern in rotational crops is parent compound.

In the current petitions, the maximum seasonal use rates on melons and
fruiting vegetables (0.25 lb ai/A) and on garlic and asparagus (0.38 lb
ai/A) are higher than utilized in the confined study.  However, HED has
previously addressed the adequacy of the current rotational crop
restrictions at these higher use rates under a petition for use on
sugarcane (DP Num: 301247, W. Drew, 23/JUL/2004), which has a maximum
seasonal use rate of 0.38 lb ai/A.  The Agency concluded that the higher
use rates (0.25 and 0.38 lb ai/A) are supported by the results from the
confined study conducted at 0.19 lb ai/A, and that field trials for, and
tolerances in, rotational crops are not required. 

860.1550 Proposed Tolerances

HED determined that the tolerance expression for primary and rotational
crops should include only parent flumioxazin.  Tolerances for
flumioxazin residues are currently established on plant commodities at
levels ranging from 0.02 ppm on various commodities to 0.70 ppm on
almond hulls (40 CFR §180.568[a]).   SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1  The
tolerances currently being proposed by Valent and IR-4 are listed below
in Table 7, along with the Agency’s recommended tolerance levels. 

The recommended tolerance levels for alfalfa forage and hay were
determined using Agency Guidance (Guidance for Setting Pesticide
Tolerances Based on Field Trial Data SOP), as all the field trials were
conducted at a ~1x rate and quantifiable residues were detected in >90%
of the samples.  The appropriate tolerances in alfalfa forage and hay
were calculated to be 3.0 and 8.0 ppm, respectively (Appendix II).

Data from the available cattle feeding study, conducted at 20 ppm (6.3x
TDB), indicate that quantifiable residues are unlikely to occur in
cattle, goats, hogs, horses, or sheep.  Likewise, the data from the
available poultry metabolism studies, conducted at >1,800x TDB, indicate
that quantifiable residues are also unlikely to occur in eggs and
poultry tissues.  Therefore, tolerances for flumioxazin residues in
livestock commodities are not required for these petitions (40 CFR
§180.6[a][3]).

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 No international harmonization issues are
associated with these petitions, as there are no established or proposed
Canadian, Mexican or Codex MRLs for residues of flumioxazin in plant
commodities (Appendix I).

Table 7.	Tolerance Summary for Flumioxazin.

Commodity	Proposed Tolerance (ppm)	Recommended Tolerance (ppm)	Comments;

Correct Commodity Definition

Alfalfa, forage	1.0	3.0	Adequate residue data are available, and the
tolerances were calculated using the tolerance harmonization
spreadsheet.

Alfalfa, hay

Alfalfa, forage

Alfalfa, hay	2.0	8.0

	Tree Nut Crop Group 14	0.02	0.02	Adequate almond and pecan field trial
data are available.

Nut, tree, group 14

Melon subgroup 9A	0.02	0.02	Adequate cantaloupe field trial data are
available.

Melon, subgroup 9A

Asparagus	0.02	0.02	Adequate asparagus field trial data are available.

Asparagus

Bean, dry, seed	0.06	0.05	Adequate dry bean field trial data are
available.  As residues were <LOQ in/on 22 out of 26 samples, the
recommended tolerance was determined using the CA method (μ + 3σ).

Bean, dry, seed

Fruiting Vegetable Crop Group 8	0.02	0.02	Adequate tomato and pepper
field trial data are available.

Vegetable, fruiting, except cucurbits, group 8

Okra	0.02	0.02	The tolerance in okra is supported by the available
tomato and pepper field trial data.

Bushberry subgroup 13B	0.02	0.02	Adequate lowbush and highbush blueberry
field trial data are available and support establishing a tolerance in
the Bushberry, subgroup 13B.  

In accordance with the Agency’s proposed revisions to the Berry Crop
Group, separate tolerances should be established in new members of the
bushberry subgroup 13B, until the revised crop group is approved. 
However, separate tolerances are not required in the existing members of
the bushberry subgroup.

Aronia berry	0.02	0.02

	Blueberry, lowbush	0.02	None 1

	Blueberry, highbush	0.02	None 1

	Buffalo currant	0.02	0.02

	Chilean guava	0.02	0.02

	Currant, black	0.02	None 1

	Currant, red	0.02	None 1

	Elderberry	0.02	None 1

	European barberry	0.02	0.02

	Gooseberry	0.02	None 1

	Highbush cranberry	0.02	0.02

	Honeysuckle	0.02	0.02

	Jostaberry	0.02	0.02

	Juneberry, including Saskatoon berry	0.02	0.02

	Lingonberry	0.02	0.02

	Native currant	0.02	0.02

	Salal	0.02	0.02

	Sea buckthorn	0.02	0.02

	1	As a tolerance is being established in bushberry, subgroup 13B,
separate tolerances are not required in the existing members of this
subgroup, including:  lowbush and highbush blueberries, currants,
elderberry, gooseberry, and huckleberry. 

References

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 DP Num:	194594

Subject:	PP#3G4250: New Chemical EUP: V-53482, Flumioxazin on Soybeans. 
Evaluation of Analytical Methods and of Residue Data.

From:		J. Garbus

To:		J. Miller, D. Kenny and A. Koscialski

Dated:		21/SEP/1994

MRID(s):	42884011-42884014, 42884016-42884019

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 DP Num:	None

Subject:	PP#G4250:  New Chemical EUP: Flumioxazin:  Revised Tolerance
Enforcement Method.

From:		J. Garbus

To:		J. Miller

Dated:		08/JAN/1996

MRID(s):	43935509

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 DP Num:	259493 and 268181

Subject:	PP#s 7F4841 and 0F6171.  Tolerance Petitions for the Use of
Flumioxazin on Peanuts, Soybeans, and Sugarcane.  Evaluation of Residue
Chemistry and Analytical Methodology

From:		D. Dotson

To:		D. Kenny and J. Miller

Dated:		12/MAR/2001

MRID(s):	44013001, 44013002, 44295049 - 44295057

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 DP Num:	272652

Subject:	PP#7F4841/0F6171; Flumioxazin in/on Peanuts, Soybeans and
Sugarcane.  Conclusions of the 12/20/2000 Meeting of the Metabolism
Assessment Review Committee.

From:		R. Loranger

To:		Y. Donovan

Dated:		12/MAR/2001

MRID(s):	None

DP Number:	301247	

Subject:	Flumioxazin.  Tolerance Petition Requesting Section 3
Registration for Food Use of the Herbicide Flumioxazin on Sugarcane,
Grape, Almond/Pistachio, Mint, Tuberous/Corm Vegetables (Crop Subgroup
1C), and Dry Bulb Onion/Garlic/Shallot.  Summary of Analytical Chemistry
and Residue Data.  Petitions Numbered 0F06171, 1F06296, 3E06777,
3E06779, 3E6788.

From:		W. Drew

To:		Joanne Miller/James Stone

Dated:		23/JUL/2004

MRID(s):	45244801, 45375503, 45375504, 45375505, 45375507, 45888501,
46109201, 46114601, 46133901

DP Num:	310408, 313783

Subject:	Flumioxazin.  Tolerance Petitions Requesting Section 3
Registration for Food Use of the Herbicide Flumioxazin on Pome Fruit
(Crop Group 11), Stone Fruit (Crop Group 12), and Strawberries.  Summary
of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data.	

From:		W. Drew

To:		J. Stone, J. Miller and D. Rosenblatt,

Dated:		15/MAR/2006

MRID(s):	46229401, 46229402, 46229403, 46229404, 46229405, 46229406,
46229407, 46229408, 46292501

DP Num:	None	

Subject:	Crop Grouping – Part III:  Analysis of the USDA IR-4 Petition
to Amend the Crop Group Regulation 40 CFR §180.41 (c)(13) and Commodity
Definitions [40 CFR §180.1(h)] Related to Crop Group Berry. 

From:		B. Schneider

To:		B. Madden

Dated:		28/MAR/2006

MRID(s):	None

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 Attachments:  

Appendix I - International Residue Limits Status 

Appendix II- Tolerance Spreadsheet Calculations.

Appendix I

INTERNATIONAL RESIDUE LIMIT STATUS

Chemical Name:
2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5
,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione	Common Name:  Flumioxazin	X 
Recommended tolerance

⁯ Reevaluated tolerance

⁯ Other	Date: 08/22/07

Codex Status (Maximum Residue Limits)	U. S. Tolerances

√ No Codex proposal step 6 or above

 No Codex proposal step 6 or above for the crops requested	Petition
Numbers:  6F7092 and 6E7151

DP Numbers:  342963

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Native currant	0.02

Salal	0.02

Sea buckthorn	0.02

Limits for Canada	Limits for Mexico

√  No Limits

⁯ No Limits for the crops requested	√ No Limits

⁯ No Limits for the crops requested

Residue definition: N/A	Residue definition: N/A

Crop(s)	MRL (mg/kg)	Crop(s)	MRL (mg/kg)

	Notes/Special Instructions: S. Funk,09/07/2007

Appendix II

Table II-1  Data used to Set Tolerances

Alfalfa, Hay	Alfalfa, Forage	Asparagus	Bean, dry seed	Tomatos	Peppers
Canteloupe	Blueberries	Pecans

Set 1	Set 1

	0.36	0.800	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.34	0.790	0.005	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.27	0.030	0.010	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.27	0.020	0.010	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.27	0.130	0.006	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.17	0.070	0.005	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.07	0.060	0.009	0.04	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.06	0.050	0.008	0.03	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.23	0.240	ND	0.04	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.18	0.220	ND	0.05	ND	ND	ND	0.008	ND

1.1	0.140	0.005	0.012	ND	ND	ND	ND

	1.3	0.120	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

	1.4	0.800	ND	0.017	ND	ND	ND

1.6	0.790	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.11	0.030	0.012	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.11	0.020	0.010	ND	ND	ND	ND

0.23	0.130	0.006	0.010	ND	ND

	0.36	0.070	0.008	0.016	ND	ND

	0.22	0.060	0.010	0.019	ND

0.25	0.050	0.009	0.015	ND

0.47	0.240	ND	0.016	ND

0.45	0.220	ND	0.011	ND

0.88	0.140	0.007	0.012	ND

0.84	0.120	0.006	0.012	ND

Set 2	Set 2	0.008	0.014

	0.360	0.090	0.008	ND

	0.340	0.120	0.010

0.270	0.080	0.013

0.270	0.160	ND

0.270	0.120	ND

0.170	0.120	0.008 

0.070	0.030	0.009

0.060	0.030

	0.230	0.090

	0.180	0.110

	1.100	0.430

	1.300	0.350

	5.500	1.700

	3.000	1.100

	0.940	0.260

	0.510	0.020

	0.360	0.090

	0.340	0.120

	0.270	0.080

	ND = non detectable; LOQ for each matrix is 0.02 ppm.  LOQ was used in
the calculation of tolerance when residue was ND.  Set 1 = 0.125 lb
ai/A; Set 2 = 0.250 lb ai/A; Set 3 = Set 1 + Set 2.

Tolerance assessment calculations.

The Agency’s Guidance for Setting Pesticide Tolerances Based on Field
Trial Data was utilized for determining appropriate tolerance levels on
alfalfa forage and hay, as less than 10% of the residue values were
below the LOQ in/on forage and hay.  However, the tolerance spreadsheet
was not used to calculate tolerances in tree nuts, fruit vegetables,
melons, bushberries, asparagus, or dry beans as residues were <LOQ in/on
>80% of the samples from these crops.

The datasets used to establish tolerances for flumioxazin residues on
alfalfa forage and hay consisted of field trial data representing
applications of the appropriate formulations at ~1x proposed use rates. 
As specified by the Guidance for Setting Pesticide Tolerances Based on
Field Trial Data SOP, the field trial application rates were within 25%
of the maximum application rates, and the PHIs are consistent with the
appropriate stage of maturity and the proposed PHIs for each commodity. 
The residue values used to calculate the alfalfa tolerances are provided
in Table II-1.

The datasets for flumioxazin residues in alfalfa forage and hay were
entered into the tolerance spreadsheet.  Visual inspection of the
lognormal probability plots indicated that the datasets are reasonably
lognormal, and results from the approximate Shapiro-Francia test
statistic (Figures II-1 and II-2) confirm this assumption.  Therefore,
the Log Normal method was used to calculate tolerances of 3.0 ppm in
alfalfa forage and 8.0 ppm in alfalfa hay, based on data from Set 2.

Figure II-1.  Data summary table for flumioxazin residues in/on alfalfa
forage.

Figure II-2.   Data summary table for residues of flumioxazin in/on
alfalfa hay.

 PAGE   

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Flumioxazin	Summary of Analytical Chemistry and Residue Data	DP Num:
342963

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