Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0156-0020
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-09-22T04:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, DC 20460

OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES, AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

 					

July 6, 2006

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT:	Residential Exposure Inert Assessment of Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document (RED).

TO:		Heather Garvie, Chemical Review Manager, Reregistration Team 36

		Regulatory Management Branch II

		Antimicrobials Division (7510C)

		

		And

Deborah Smegal, Risk Assessor

Reregistration Branch I

Health Effects Division (7509C)

FROM:	Talia Milano, Chemist, Team II 

		Cassi Walls, Ph.D., Chemist, Team III

		Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (RASSB)

Antimicrobials Division (7510C)

THRU:	Norm Cook, Branch Chief

Risk Assessment and Science Support Branch (RASSB)

Antimicrobials Division (7510C)

DP Barcode: 330330

Case No.: 4006

	Chemical Name (s) 								CAS #1				PC CODE1

	

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate				 25155-30-0		790102

Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-16-alkyl derivatives 		68584-22-5		790116

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid 				27176-87-0		790101

1: The CAS # and PC Codes listed reflect the current numbering system.
However, Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is not a pure chemical, and is
considered part of the mixture of Benzenesulfonic acid.  A discussion of
this discrepancy can be found in the Preliminary Risk Assessment.



RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE INERT ASSESSMENT OF

ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES IN SUPPORT OF THE REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY
DECISION DOCUMENT (RED)

REREGISTRATION CASE 4006

7/6/06

 

Antimicrobials Division

Office of Pesticide Programs

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

Executive Summary/Background Information:

This document is the Residential Inert Exposure Assessment for the
Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document (RED) for alkylbenzene
sulfonates.  The currently listed ingredients that are included under
this decision are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (CAS # 25155-30-0),
dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (CAS # 27176-87-0), and benzenesulfonic
acid, C10-C16 alkyl derivatives (CAS # 68584-22-5).  To date,
dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid has been listed separately from
benzenesulfonic acid, C10-C16 alkyl derivatives, and identified by the
CAS #27176-87-0 on numerous labels and in different databases. 
Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is not considered to be a pure compound,
and is included in the mixture of benzenesulfonic acid, C10-16 alkyl
derivatives.  For future references of this chapter, any conclusions
that are made specifically about benzenesulfonic acid, C10-C16 alkyl
derivatives will be representative of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.  For
this specific chapter, the chemicals are referred to as they are
identified in current databases.  

At this time alkylbenzene sulfonates are formulated as inert ingredients
in approximately 350 registered end-use products, which are formulated
as soluble concentrates, flowable concentrates, ready-to-use solutions,
or water-soluble packaging.  The alkylbenzene sulfonate inerts function
as a solvent, surfactant, dispersant, detergent, or wetting agent. 
Products that contain alkylbenzene sulfonates as an inert are designated
for use in agricultural settings, food handling premises, medical
premises, commercial/ institutional/ industrial settings, and
residential settings.  Specified use sites for the products include the
following: indoor hard non-porous surfaces (e.g. floors, walls etc.),
carpets, food contact surfaces (glasses, dishes, silverware,
countertops, etc.), agricultural tools and crops, lawns and turfs,
fruits and vegetables (post-harvest), wood preservatives, materials
preservatives, metalworking fluids, and pet products. This assessment
evaluated representative high-end residential exposure scenarios which
include: applicators of ready to use liquid turf and garden products,
applicators of  ready to use liquid hard surface cleaners, applicators
of pet products, and children’s post-application exposures to turf,
hard surface, and pet products.

For this assessment, the CSFs were examined to determine appropriate
formulation rates to use for each scenario evaluated.  The percent
formulations for most of the products that contain alkylbenzene
sulfonates as an inert ingredient range from 0.01% to 5%.  It should be
noted that a few sanitizing products have inert levels as high as 30%
and the highest concentration of alkylbenzene sulfonates are found in
wood preservative products up to 65%.  The risks were assessed at an
appropriate high-end formulation, which is dependent upon the product
type.   

The durations and routes of exposure that were evaluated in this
assessment include short-term (ST) inhalation exposure and short term
incidental oral exposure to children.   A dermal assessment was not
conducted because the Agency determined that quantification of dermal
risks is not required. However, it should be noted that alkylbenzene
sulfonates are considered to be dermal irritants in formulations
generally greater than 20%.  The toxicological endpoints used in this
assessment are provided in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of Toxicological Dose and Endpoints for Alkylbenzene
Sulfonates

Exposure

Scenario	Dose Used in Risk Assessment, UF 	Special FQPA SF*, endpoint
and Level of Concern for Risk Assessment	Study and Toxicological Effects

Acute Dietary

(All populations)	No endpoint was selected.  No effects are attributable
to a single dose.

Chronic Dietary

(All populations)	Systemic/

Reproductive NOAEL= 50  mg/kg/day

UF = 100 

Chronic RfD = 

 0.5 mg/kg/day

	FQPA SF = 1X

cPAD = 

chronic RfD

 FQPA SF

= 0.5 mg/kg/day	Systemic/Reproductive LOAEL = 250 mg/kg/day based on
decreased Day 21 female pup body weight (Buehler, E. et al. 1971. Tox.
Appl. Pharmacol. 18:83-91) 

plus 

LOAEL= 145 mg/kg/day from 9 month drinking water rat study based on
decreased body weight gain, and serum/ biochemical and enzymatic changes
in the liver and kidney  (Yoneyama et al. 1976 Ann. Rep. Tokyo Metrop.
Res. Lab. Public Health 27(2):105-112)

 plus 

LOAEL= 114 mg/kg/day (0.2%) based on increased caecum weight and slight
kidney damage in a 6 month rat dietary study (Yoneyama et al  1972  Ann.
Rep. Tokyo Metrop. Res. Lab. Public Health 24:409-440)

Short-Term Incidental Oral (1-30 days) 

	Oral NOAEL= 50 mg/kg/day	Residential LOC for MOE = 100 
Systemic/Reproductive LOAEL = 250 mg/kg/day based on decreased Day 21
female pup body weight (Buehler, E. et al. 1971. Tox. Appl. Pharmacol.
18:83-91) 

plus 

LOAEL= 145 mg/kg/day from 9 month drinking water rat study based on
decreased body weight gain, and serum/ biochemical and enzymatic changes
in the liver and kidney  (Yoneyama et al. 1976 Ann. Rep. Tokyo Metrop.
Res. Lab. Public Health 27(2):105-112)

 plus 

LOAEL= 114 mg/kg/day (0.2%) based on increased caecum weight and slight
kidney damage in a 6 month rat dietary study (Yoneyama et al  1972  Ann.
Rep. Tokyo Metrop. Res. Lab. Public Health 24:409-440)

Short-, intermediate- and Long-Term Inhalation (1 to 30 days, 1-6
months, >6 months)

	Inhalation study NOAEL= 1mg/m3 detergent dust combined with up to 0.1
mg/m3 enzyme dust

Equivalent to approximately 0.14 mg/kg/day (a)

(inhalation absorption rate = 100%)

purity= 13% active ingredient	Residential LOC for MOE = 100 

Occupational LOC for MOE = 100 	Subchronic Inhalation Monkey Study

LOAEL = 10 mg/m3 detergent combined with 0.1 mg/m3 enzyme dust based on
weight loss and decreased weight gain (W. Coates, et al  1978. Tox.
Appl. Pharmacol. 45: 477-496)  This air concentration is equivalent to
approximately 1.4 mg/kg/day (a)  

Dermal Endpoint	Quantification of dermal risk is not required since: 1)
the alkylbenzene sulfonates are surfactants that are dermal irritants at
concentrations generally greater than 20% solution (WHO 1996).  Thus,
dermal exposure would be self-limiting to preclude dermal irritation. 
Most pesticide formulations have less than 5% alkylbenzene sulfonates as
an inert ingredient, with the vast majority of household products
containing approximately 2%.  Additionally, the requirement of the
dermal toxicity studies with the end-use product will determine whether
personal protective clothing would be necessary to protect against
irritation during product use; 2) no systemic toxicity was seen
following repeated dermal applications to rabbits at 200 mg/kg/day (with
an end use product);  3) no developmental toxicity concerns were seen
following repeated dermal applications to pregnant mice, rats or rabbits
(developmental effects were seen either in the presence of maternal
toxicity or at doses higher than those that caused maternal toxicity);
and 4) there is no residential exposure to alkylbenzene sulfonates as an
active ingredient, however, residential exposure from its use as an
inert ingredient in pesticide formulations is expected to be of an
intermittent nature (i.e, no continuous, constant contact, multi-day
exposure) from household products.  

Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation)	No evidence of carcinogenicity in
reported studies in rats done before 1980 GLPs

The margins of exposures (MOEs) that were calculated for the inert uses
of alkylbenzene sulfonates in residential products (i.e., turf/garden,
cleaning products, and pet products) are summarized in Table 2.  The
MOEs were calculated for each scenario at the appropriate high-end
representative rate.  The target MOE for this assessment is 100.



Table 2. Summary of the Short Term MOEs for Alkylbenzene Sulfonates
used as Inert Ingredients

Product Use	

Exposure Scenario	

MOE  @ selected representative formulation

Ready to Use Liquid turf spot/gardensa	

Applicator

Low pressure handwand; MLAP	20,000

	

Applicator

Hose end sprayer; MLAP	3,100

	

Applicator

Backpack; MLAP	20,000

	Applicator

Sprinkling can; MLAP	63,000

Ready to Use Liquid, hard surface cleanerb,d	

Applicator

Low pressure handwand; MLAP	1,000

Pet productsc	Applicator

Handler inhalation exposure to shampoo	87

Ready to Use Liquid Turf spot/gardensa	Postapplication

Incidental ingestion: hand to mouth	4,600

Ready to Use Liquid, hard surface cleaner b,d	Postapplication

Incidental ingestion: hand to mouth	7,400

Pet productsc	Postapplication

Toddler incidental oral ingestion	106

a: representative high end % formulation for this use scenario  = 11%

b: representative high end % formulation for this use scenario = 8%

c: representative high end % formulation for this use scenario  = 24%

d: This postapplication scenario is representative of the incidental
oral ingestion exposures to treated carpets.  There is a higher percent
active ingredient used in the hard surface cleaner product, and in
addition, there is a higher rate of transfer from the floor than there
is from the carpets.  Any risk associated with hard surface cleaners are
assumed representative of those associated with carpet cleaners.

Inert Assessment of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates:

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Pesticide Inert Risk
Assessment Tool (PiRat) was used to estimate applicator and
post-application exposures and risks from the use of alkylbenzene
sulfonates as an inert ingredient in representative residential
products.  Background information and the downloadable executable file
for PiRat can be found at
http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure/docs/pirat.htm.  Unless specified,
all of PiRat’s default values were used in each run.  Although PiRat
has a module that can estimate exposures to pet products, it was not
used since HED’s screening level methodologies have changed since the
development of PiRat.  Therefore, the most recent methodologies were
utilized to assess exposure to inert ingredients in pet products. It
should also be noted that PiRat does not have a module that can estimate
post application exposures to hard surface cleaners, therefore AD’s
standard methodologies which are based on HED’s Residential SOPs were
used.

Based on the review of Confidential Statements of Formula (CSFs), the
percent formulations assessed were selected as a result of being
high-end representations of the overall query of products that contain
alkylbenzene sulfonates as an inert.  These selected percentages are
appropriately indicated in the footnotes of the summary tables presented
below.  It should be noted that even though alkylbenzene sulfonates are
used in numerous types of residential and occupational products, only
exposures from representative residential, high-end scenarios were
estimated in this assessment.  There was no dermal assessment conducted
because of the lack of a dermal toxicological endpoint.  In addition,
there were no post-application inhalation risks anticipated because the
vapor pressure of the sulfonates is extremely low, and thus an
inhalation post-application assessment was not conducted.

The following residential use sites were assumed to be the high-end
representative scenarios for inert uses of alkylbenzene sulfonates:
outdoor residential premises, indoor hard surfaces, and pet products. 
For each of the use sites that were assessed through using PiRat, the
applicator exposures and risks are presented in Tables 3 and 4, while
the oral (incidental ingestion) exposures and risks are presented in
Table 5. 

Table 3. Applicator Short-term Inhalation Exposures and MOEs for
Alkylbenzene Sulfonates used as Inert Ingredients in Outdoor Products

Product Use	

Application Method	

Area Treateda	Inhalation Exposure

@ 11% (mg/kg/day)b	

Inhalation MOEc  

@ 11% a.i. formulation

Ready to Use Liquid turf spot/gardens	

Low pressure handwand; MLAP	1000 ft2/day (spot)	7.07E-06	2.00.E+04

	

Hose end sprayer; MLAP	2x104 ft2/day 

(full broadcast)	4.48E-05	3.10.E+03

	

Backpack; MLAP	1000 ft2/day (spot)	7.07E-06	2.00.E+04

	Sprinkling can; MLAP	1000 ft2/day (spot)	2.24E-06	6.30.E+04

a:  Standard PiRat model input parameters, for complete model output,
see Appendix A

b: an application rate of 0.00015 lb product/ft2 was assumed for all
scenarios and the body weight = 70kg.

c:  MOEs = NOAEL / exposure, where inhalation NOAEL = 0.14 mg/kg/day and
the target MOE = 100 

Table 4. Applicator Short-term Inhalation Exposures and MOEs for
Alkylbenzene Sulfonates used as Inert Ingredients in Indoor Products

Product Use	Application Method	Amount Usedb	Inhalation Exposure

@ 8% 

(mg/kg/day)c	MOEd

@ 8% a.i. formulation

Ready to Use Liquid, hard surface cleaner a,e	

Low pressure handwand; MLAP	0.5 gallons/day	1.37x10-4	1,000

a: PiRat’s crack and crevice scenario was used to represent the
applicator hard surface cleaner scenario. 

b: Standard PiRat model input parameters, for complete model output, see
Appendix B.

c: An application rate of 8 lb/gallon, which is the density of water,
was assumed for all scenarios and the body weight =70kg.

d:  MOEs = NOAEL / exposure, where inhalation NOAEL = 0.14 mg/kg/day and
the target MOE = 100 

Table 5. Toddler Short-term Post-Application Incidental Oral Exposures
and MOEs for Alkylbenzene Sulfonates when used as an inerta

Product Use	Route of Exposure	Exposure @11% (mg/kg/day)

	MOEc

@ 11% a.i. formulation

Ready to Use Liquid Turf spot/gardensd	Incidental ingestion: hand to
mouth	1.08E-02	4,600

a: The representative use sites assessed using PiRAT, For a complete
model output, see Appendix C.

b: The toddler body weight = 15kg

c: MOEs = NOAEL / exposure where incidental oral NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day. 
Target MOE = 100.  

	As previously indicated, there is the potential for dermal exposure to
toddlers crawling on hard floors after treatment with alkylbenzene
sulfonate containing products.  Because there is no dermal endpoint
identified, a post application dermal exposure assessment was not
conducted.  However, toddlers crawling on treated hard floors will also
be exposed to alkylbenzne sulfonate residues via incidental oral
exposure through hand-to-mouth activity.  To calculate incidental
ingestion exposure to these chemicals due to hand-to-mouth transfer,
AD’s methodologies based on HED’s Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessments (USEPA 2000 and, 2001) were
used.  Exposures were calculated for children contacting treated floors
in residential homes using the following equations for hand-to-mouth
transfer of residues to toddlers.  In addition, the risks associated
with a toddler coming into contact with a treated hard surface residues
are assumed to represent the risks associated with a toddler coming into
contact with a treated carpet residues.  

PDD = SR x DTF x SA x EF x ET x SE x CF1				        

                                         BW

where:

PDD		=		Potential daily dose (mg/kg/day);

μg/cm2);

DTF		=		Dermal transfer factor (unitless fraction);

SA		=		Surface area of the hands that contact both the treated area, and
the individuals mouth (cm2/event);

FQ		=		Frequency of hand-to-mouth events (events/hr); 

SE		=		Saliva extraction efficiency (unitless fraction); 

ET		=		Exposure Time (4 hrs/day);

CF1		=		Unit conversion factor (0.001 mg/µg); and

BW		=		Body weight (15 kg)

And

SR=AR x DRF x CF2 x CF3								

where:

SR		=		Surface residue (µg/cm2);

AR		=		Application rate (lb ai/ft2);

DRF		=		Disinfection fraction remaining on floor (unitless);

CF2		=		Unit conversion factor (4.54x108 µg/lb); and

CF3		=		Unit conversion factor (1.08x10-3 ft2/cm2)

Assumptions 

Toddlers (3 years old) were used to represent the 1 to 6 year old age
group and are assumed to weigh 15 kg, the median for male and female
toddlers (USEPA, 2000 and 2001). 

Based on HED’s Residential SOP, it was assumed that the surface area
used for each hand-to-mouth event is 20 cm2.  For short-term exposures,
it is assumed that there were 20 events per hour (90th percentile,
according to the SOP) and for intermediate-term exposures, it was
assumed that there were 9.5 event/hour (mean value).

The exposure time was 4 hours a day (USEPA, 2000 and 2001).

The saliva extraction efficiency was 50% (USEPA, 2000 and 2001).

The labels did not provide information on the volume of disinfectant to
be used for cleaning surfaces such as floors.  It was assumed that the
diluted treatment solution was applied at a rate of 1 gallon per 1,000
sq. ft. The maximum application rate on the product labels for
application to hard surfaces is 0.0104 lb ai/gal.  Therefore, the
application rate used in the post application scenario was 0.0000104 lb
ai/ft2. 

No data could be found regarding the quantity of solution residue left
on the floor after treatment.  As a conservative measure, it was assumed
that 25% of the cleaner remains after the final mopping.

No transferable residue data were available that could be used to
estimate the transfer of alkylbenzene sulfonates from the floor to skin.
 Therefore, it was assumed that 10% of the deposition rate is available
for dermal transfer (USEPA, 2000 and 2001).

Results

	The calculation of the short term oral doses and oral MOEs are shown in
Table 6.  The oral MOEs are above the target MOE of 100 for residential
settings, and therefore are not of concern.

	

Table 6. Toddler Short-term Post-Application Incidental Oral Exposures
and MOEs for Alkylbenzene Sulfonates when used as an inert in hard
surface cleanersa

Exposure Scenario	

Appl. Rate

 (lb ai/

sq ft)	

Product remaining after mopping	

Surface Residuea (µg/cm2)	

Percent transferable residue	

Surface area mouthed (cm2/event) 	

Exposure Frequency (events/hr)	

Saliva Extraction Factor	

Exp. Time (hrs/day)	

Absorbed Potential Daily Doseb (mg/kg/day)	

Oral MOEc 

Hard surfaces - residential setting @ 8%	1.04 x E-05	

25%	

1.3	

10%	

20	

20	

50%	

4	0.0068	7,400

a 	Surface residue (µg/cm2) = (application rate, lb
ai/ft2)*(Disinfectant fraction remaining on floor, 0.25)*(conversion
factor to convert lb to µg, 4.54E+08 µg/lb)*(conversion factor to
convert ft2 to cm2, 1.08E-03 ft2/cm2)

b 	Absorbed Potential Daily Dose  (mg/kg/day) = [(Surface residue,
µg/cm2)*(transferable residue, 0.10)*(exposure time, 4
hrs/day)*(surface area of hands, 20 cm2/event)*(frequency of
hand-to-mouth activity, 20 events/hr)*(extraction by saliva, 50
%)*(conversion factor to convert µg to mg, 0.001 mg/µg)]/(body weight,
15 kg)

c 	MOE = NOAEL (mg/kg/day) / absorbed potential daily dose(mg/kg/day)
[Where short-term oral NOAEL = 50

mg/kg/day].  Target MOE = 100.

Alkylbenzene sulfonates are also used as inert ingredients in pet flea
and tick products.  Therefore applicator inhalation exposures as well as
toddler incidental oral exposures were evaluated.  Although PiRat has a
module that can estimate exposures to pet products, it was not used
since HED’s screening level methodologies have changed since the
development of PiRat.  The most recent methodologies were utilized to
assess exposure pet products residues. In addition, aerosol application
was the methodology chosen as the representative worst case scenario for
this assessment.

The following equation and assumptions were used to estimate dermal and
inhalation residential applicator exposures to pet product residues:

Exposure = UE x AR x N / BW

where,

AR	=	Application rate (lb ai/can) 

UE	=	Unit exposure (mg/lb ai) 

N	=	Number of cans (cans/day)

BW	=	Body weight (kg)

All of the input parameters are defaults provided in HEDs Residential
SOPs (US EPA, 1997 and 2001).  The 24% formulation was used as the
representative high end scenario.  Table 7 provides the input parameters
and resulting exposures and MOEs.

Table 7. Applicator Short-term Exposures and MOEs for Alkylbenzene
Suflonates used as Inert Ingredients in Aerosol Pet Flea and Tick
Products

Exposure = UE x AR x N / BW

Percent a.i.

24%

Unit Exposure (mg / lb ai)1	UE	2.4

Application Rate (lb ai/can)2	AR	0.0938

Number of cans/day 1	N	0.5

Percent Absorption

100%

Body weight (kg)1	BW	70

Daily Dose (mg/kg/day)

1.61x10-3

Inhalation NOAEL (mg/kg/day)

0.14

Target MOE

100

MOE3

87

1 AD Standard Assumption

2 6 oz/can x % ai x 1gal/128oz x 8.34lb/gal (assuming density of water)

3 MOEs = NOAEL / exposure, where the NOAEL = 0.14 mg/kg/day

The following equation and assumptions were used to estimate toddler
incidental oral residential post-application exposure to pet product
residues:

Exposure = AR x T x SA x SE x FQ / BW

where,

AR	=	Application rate (mg/cm2 animal) 

T	=	Transfer fraction from treated pet (%)

SA	=	Surface area of a child’s hands (cm2/event) 

SE	=	Saliva extraction (%)

FQ	=	Frequency of contact (event/day)

BW	=	Body weight (kg)

All of the input parameters are defaults provided in HEDs Residential
SOPs (US EPA, 1997 and 2001).  The percent formulation of 24% was also
used in this assessment.  Table 8 provides the input parameters and
resulting exposures and MOEs.

Table 8. Toddler Short-term Post-application Incidental Oral Exposure
and MOE for Alkylbenzene Sulfonates when used as an Inert Ingredient in
Aerosol Flea and Tick Pet Products

Exposure = AR x T x SA x SE x FQ / BW

Percent a.i.

24%

 Application Rate (mg/cm2 of animal)1	AR	3.554

 Transferable Fraction2	T	20%

 Surface area of a child’s hand (cm2) 2	SA	20

 Saliva Extraction2	SE	50%

 Frequency (events/day)3	FQ	1

 Body weight (kg)2	BW	15

 Daily Dose (mg/kg/day)

0.4739

 Oral NOAEL (mg/kg/day)

50

     Target MOE

100

 MOE4

106

1 3 oz x %ai/6000cm2 x 1gal/128oz x 8.34lb/gal x 1kg/2.2lb x 1000g/kg x
1000mg/g

where it was assumed that 1/( of 6 oz spray container is applied to a 30
lb animal having a surface area of 6000cm2

2 US EPA, 1997 and 2001 (HED’s Residential SOPs)

3 frequency was modified to reflect transferable residue assumptions
which is based on a 5 minute heavy rubbing/petting technique that would
lead to significantly higher hand concentrations than would result from
a single contact

4 MOE = NOAEL / exposure

Works Cited:

USEPA.  2000.  Residential SOPs.  EPA Office of Pesticide Programs(Human
Health Effects Division. Dated April 5, 2000.

USEPA.  2001.  HED Science Advisory Council for Exposure. Policy Update,
November 12.  Recommended Revisions to the Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) for Residential Exposure Assessment, February 22, 2001. 



Appendix A: PiRat Model Output for Inhalation Risks to Handlers Using
Outdoor Products

 PRIVATE  PiRat Handler Report for Formulation Type Emulsifiable
Concentrate

Functional Use:Surfactant (surfactant, detergent) PRIVATE  

Toxicity Value: .14 

Body Weight: 70.0 kg	Weight Fraction: 0.110

Duration: Short Term

Absorption Value: 100.0 %

 PRIVATE  	Scenario #1		Scenario #2	Scenario #3	Scenario #4	

Product Use:	turf	turf	turf			turf

Application Method:	low pressure handwand; MLAP	hose end sprayer; MLAP
backpack: MLAP	sprinkling can; MLAP

Dermal PDR (mg/kg/day):	         N/A 	         N/A 	         N/A 	      
  N/A 

Inhalation PDR (mg/kg/day)	     7.07E-06	    4.48E-05	    7.07E-06	    
2.24E-06

Dermal Unit Exposure (mg/lb):	         N/A 	         N/A 

	         N/A 

	         N/A 

Inhalation Unit Exposure (mg/lb):	    3.00E-02  

Medium

80 reps	    9.50E-03 

Low

8 reps	    3.00E-02 

Low

11 reps	    9.50E-03  

Low

8 reps

Application Rate: 	    1.50E-04* lb/ft2	    1.50E-04* lb/ft2	   
1.50E-04* mg/kg/day	    1.50E-04* lb/ft2

Fraction Exposed:	         N/A 	         N/A 	         N/A 	         N/A

Amount used:	1000.00  ft2/day (spot)	2.00E+04  ft2/day (full broadcast)
1000.00  ft2/day (spot)	1000.00  ft2/day (spot)

Density (lb/gal):	         N/A 	         N/A 	         N/A 	         N/A

MOE:	       20000	        3100	       20000	       63000

Exposure Frequency (yrs)	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A	        
N/A

Exposure Duration (yrs)	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A	        
N/A

Averaging Time (yrs)	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A

LADD	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A

Cancer Risk	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A	         N/A

 PRIVATE  Dose Calculation:	Scenario #1-4	PDR=(UE*AR*WF*A)/BW

Assumptions:	Scenario #1	 1,000 ft2/day assumed to be equivalent to 5
gal/day; SAC Policy 11

	Scenario #2	upper percentile lawn size (SAC Policy 11)

	Scenario #3	1,000 ft2/day assumed to be equivalent to 5 gal/day; SAC
Policy 11

	Scenario #4	assumed based on hose-end; SOPs

* Modified by user

Appendix B: PiRat Model Output for Inhalation Risks to Handlers Using
Indoor Products



 PRIVATE  PiRat Handler Report for Formulation Type Soluble Concentrate

Functional Use:Surfactant (surfactant, sirfactant, detergent) PRIVATE  

Toxicity Value: .14 

Body Weight: 70.0 kg	Weight Fraction: 8.00E-02 (hard surface), 6.00E-02
(carpet)

Duration: Short Term

Absorption Value: 100.0 %

 PRIVATE  	Scenario #1	(hard surface)	Scenario #2 (carpet)	

Product Use:	crack & crevice	crack & crevice

Application Method:	low pressure handwand; MLAP	low pressure handwand;
MLAP

Dermal PDR (mg/kg/day):	         N/A 	         N/A 

Inhalation PDR (mg/kg/day)	     1.37E-04	     1.03E-04

Dermal Unit Exposure (mg/lb):	         N/A 

	         N/A 

Inhalation Unit Exposure (mg/lb):	    3.00E-02  

Medium

80 reps	    3.00E-02  

Medium

80 reps

Application Rate: 	        8.00* lb/gal	        8.00* lb/gal

Fraction Exposed:	         N/A 	         N/A 

Amount used:	        0.50  gal/day	        0.50  gal/day

Density (lb/gal):	         N/A 	         N/A 

MOE:	        1000	        1400

Exposure Frequency (yrs)	         N/A	         N/A

Exposure Duration (yrs)	         N/A	         N/A

Averaging Time (yrs)	         N/A	         N/A

LADD	         N/A	         N/A

Cancer Risk	         N/A	         N/A

 PRIVATE  Dose Calculation:	Scenario #1 and 2	PDR=(UE*AR*WF*A)/BW

Assumptions:	Scenario #1 and 2	 SAC Policy 11

* Modified by user



Appendix C: PiRat Model Output for Toddler Postapplication Incidental
Oral Exposure to Outdoor Products



 PRIVATE  PIRAT Post Application Report for Formulation Type Soluble
Concentrate

Functional Use:Surfactant (surfactant, sirfactant, detergent)  PRIVATE  

Toxicity Value: 50 

Body Weight: 15 kg	Weight Fraction: 0.110 (turf)

Duration: Short Term

Absorption Value: 100.00 %

 PRIVATE  	Scenario #1 (turf)	

Product Use:	turf

Activity:	hand-to-mouth transfer

Population:	toddlers (3 years) 

PDR (mg/kg/day)	     1.08E-02

Ingestion Rate:	        0.50  (saliva extraction factor)

T (or Tc)	         N/A  

Application Rate: 	    1.50E-04* lb/ft2

Weight Fraction:	0.110

Fraction Exposed:	    5.00E-02 

Surface Area (cm2/event):	       20.00 

Exposure Time (hrs/day):	        2.00 

Frequency (ev/hr)	       20.00

Kp (cm/hr)	         N/A 

Vp (torr)	         N/A 

Molecular Weight (g/mole)	         N/A 

Room Volume (m3)	         N/A 

MOE:			        4600

Exposure Frequency (days/yr)	        0.00 

Exposure Duration (yrs)	        0.00

Averaging Time (yrs)	       70.00

LADD (mg/kg/day)	         N/A

Cancer Risk	         N/A

Density (lbs/gal)	         N/A 

Body Wt (postapp) (kg)	       15.00 

Treated area	         N/A 

 PRIVATE  Dose Calculation:	PDR={(AR/TA)*WF*F*4.54e5 mg/lb*1.08e-3
ft2/cm2*SA*IgR*FQ*ET}/BW*ABS

    * Modified by user

	

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