Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0163-0201
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2007-10-12T04:00Z

SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D. C.  20460

		

	OFFICE OF

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

September 6, 2007

									PC Code: 	098301

									DP Barcode:	D343589

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: 	Use of Aldicarb for Leaf Minors on Coffee, for Nematodes on
Coffee and Sugarcane, and for Aphids and Flea Beatles on Tobacco

FROM: 	Jonathan Angier, Ph.D., Environmental Scientist

		Jeannette Martinez, Biologist

Environmental Risk Branch 2

		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)	

		

TO:		Sherrie Kinard, PM

Robert McNally, Branch Chief

		Special Review and Reregistration Division (7508P)	 

THROUGH:	Dana Spatz, Branch Chief

Environmental Risk Branch 2

		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)	

This memorandum addresses the use of aldicarb on sugarcane, tobacco, and
coffee.  Attached are the Risk Quotients for aquatic and terrestrial
wildlife for the three uses and a succinct discussion of the results.

PRZM-EXAMS Model Results for Aldicarb Use on Sugarcane

Sugarcane Aquatic EECs (ppb):

Peak		96 hr		21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

64.602      60.283      40.75       19.908     
13.5975     3.3637

      Average of yearly averages:   0.9893

PRZM-EXAMS Model Results for Aldicarb Use on Tobacco

Tobacco Aquatic EECs (ppb):

Peak		96 hr		21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

14.76          13.298     8.8929     4.3579    
3.0203     0.76813

           Average of yearly averages:     0.1912

PRZM-EXAMS Model Results for Aldicarb Use on Coffee

Coffee Aquatic EECs (ppb):

Peak		96 hr		21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

103.7          93.352     61.139     28.853    
19.612     6.3823

       Average of yearly averages: 1.9243

AQUATIC ANIMAL RQs

Modeled sugarcane and coffee RQs (using the EFED tier 1 PRZM-EXAMS
aquatic exposure model) are similar in magnitude and, thus, are expected
to result in similar risk to aquatic animals should exposure to aldicarb
occur. Tobacco RQs are slightly lower and did not exceed the acute LOC
for non-target fish. 

Specifically, use of granular aldicarb on sugarcane with a one time
application rate of 20 lbs of product (15G)/acre is expected to result
in exceeded Levels of Concern (LOC) for freshwater and estuarine/marine
fish as well as freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates. More
specifically, there are acute and chronic LOC exceedances, acute
restricted use, acute endangered species, and chronic LOC exceedances
for freshwater and estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates.  Acute RQs
range from 1.24 to 5.38; chronic RQs range from 40.8 to 55.28 (see Table
1).

Use of granular aldicarb on tobacco with a one time application rate of
20 lbs of product (15G)/acre is expected to exceed LOCs for all aquatic
animals. Specifically, there are acute and chronic LOC exceedances for
freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates, and acute restricted use,
acute endangered species, as well as chronic LOC exceedances for
freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Acute RQs range from 0.28 to 1.23;
chronic RQs range from 8.9 to 12.22 (see Table 2).

Much like the sugarcane scenario, use of granular aldicarb on coffee,
with 14.7 lbs of product/A applied twice (four-month interval between
applications), is expected to result in exceeded LOCs for all aquatic
animals. There are acute and chronic LOC exceedances, acute restricted,
acute endangered species, as well as chronic LOC exceedances for all
aquatic animals. Acute RQs range from 1.99 to 8.64; Chronic RQs range
from 61.1 to 80.28 (see Table 3).

Table 1.  Acute and Chronic Risk Quotients (Sugarcane)

Effects to Species	Aquatic Species	Toxicity Value

(ppb)	EEC 

(ppb)	RQ	LOC Exceedance

Acute	Bluegill sunfish	96-hr LC50 = 52	64.6 (peak)	1.24	Yes1,2,3

Chronic	Bluegill sunfish	NOAEC = 0.46	19.9 (60-d)	43.26	Yes4

Acute	Sheepshead minnow	96-hr LC50 = 41		64.6 (peak)	1.58	Yes1,2,3

Chronic	Sheepshead minnow	Estimated NOAEC = 0.36	19.9 (60-d)	55.28	Yes4

Acute	Chironomus tetans	48-hr EC50 = 20	64.6 (peak)	3.23	Yes1,2,3

Acute	Pink shrimp	96-hr LC50 = 12 	64.6 (peak)	5.38	Yes,,

Chronic	Mysid shrimp (est/marine, freshwater inverts)	NOAEC = 1	40.8
(21-d)	40.8	Yes

Table 2.  Acute and Chronic Risk Quotients (Tobacco)

Effects to Species	Aquatic Species	Toxicity Value

(ppb)	EEC 

(ppb)	RQ	LOC Exceedance

Acute	Bluegill sunfish	96-hr LC50 = 52	14.8 (peak)	0.28	Yes2,3

Chronic	Bluegill sunfish	NOAEC = 0.46	4.4 (60-d)	9.57	Yes4

Acute	Sheepshead minnow	96-hr LC50 = 41		14.8 (peak)	0.36	Yes2,3

Chronic	Sheepshead minnow	Estimated NOAEC = 0.36	4.4 (60-d)	12.22	Yes4

Acute	Chironomus tetans	48-hr EC50 = 20	14.8 (peak)	0.74	Yes1,2,3

Acute	Pink shrimp	96-hr LC50 = 12 	14.8 (peak)	1.23	Yes1,2,3

Chronic	Mysid shrimp (est/marine, freshwater inverts)	NOAEC = 1	8.9
(21-d)	8.9	Yes4

Table 3.  Acute and Chronic Risk Quotients (Coffee)

Effects to Species	Aquatic Species	Toxicity Value

(ppb)	EEC 

(ppb)	RQ	LOC Exceedance

Acute	Bluegill sunfish	96-hr LC50 = 52	 103.7 (peak)	1.99	Yes1,2,3

Chronic	Bluegill sunfish	NOAEC = 0.46	 28.9 (60-d)	62.83	Yes4

Acute	Sheepshead minnow	96-hr LC50 = 41		 103.7 (peak)	2.53	Yes1,2,3

Chronic	Sheepshead minnow	Estimated NOAEC = 0.36	 28.9 (60-d)	80.28	Yes4

Acute	Chironomus tetans	48-hr EC50 = 20	 103.7 (peak)	5.19	Yes1,2,3

Acute	Pink shrimp	96-hr LC50 = 12 	 103.7 (peak)	8.64	Yes1,2,3

Chronic	Mysid shrimp (est/marine, freshwater inverts)	NOAEC = 1	61.1
(21-d)	61.1	Yes4

TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL RQs

Terrestrial exposure to birds and mammals was modeled using the OPP/EFED
Tier 1 T-REX model, version 1.2.3.  

Use of granular aldicarb on sugarcane and tobacco with a one time
application rate of 20 lbs of product (15G)/acre is expected to result
in exceeded LOCs for birds and mammals of all sizes. Small birds and
mammals are at greatest acute risk from exposure to aldicarb. Sugarcane
RQs (sixty inch row spacing) for small birds and mammals are 4512.34 and
1579.28, respectively, while for large birds and mammals, RQs are 50.19
and 67.69, respectively. Tobacco RQs (forty-eight inch row spacing) for
small birds and mammals are 1804.94 and 631.71, respectively, while for
large birds and mammals, RQs are 20.07 and 27.08, respectively (see
Tables 4 through 5 for RQs). 

Use of granular aldicarb on coffee with either a one time application
rate of 29.4 lbs of product/A (RQs not listed here) or two applications
of 14.7 lbs product/A (more conservative modeling, listed here) is
expected to exceed LOCs for all birds and mammals as well. Risk
Quotients for small birds are the highest (RQ = 22110.48) followed by
high Risk Quotients for small mammals (7738.4) (see Table 6). These RQs
are a conservative estimate because the Agency modeled 2 applications
per season with a 120 day application interval (resulting in higher RQs
than 1 application of 29.4 lbs/A) and because 0% incorporation was
assumed due to the vague guidance on the 24(c) label (SLN # PR-870002)
on how to achieve 85% – 99% incorporation of granules to avoid
wildlife exposure (“Lightly incorporate granule with an appropriate
implement. If no rain within 7 days after application, irrigate to move
active ingredient into the root zone”). However, based on these label
directions, a high incidence of avian and mammalian mortality can be
expected. These RQs, while being conservative, are not excessive, but
rather alert the Agency to the present lack of more specific and
stringent incorporation requirements on the SLN label (providing more
protection to the environment). 

The Agency is currently unable to quantitatively assess chronic risk for
birds due to a lack of data. However, based on inference from mammalian
data, which involved comparing magnitudes of LD50’s between the
mallard duck (1.0 mg/kg-bw) and rat (0.9 mg/kg-bw) and then using this
information together with the chronic information available for the
laboratory rat (reproductive NOAEL = 0.7 – 0.9 mg/kg-bw; MRID
42148401), the Agency expects that birds (as well as mammals) that
survive acute exposure from aldicarb may suffer adverse reproductive
(chronic) effects.

Table 4.  Acute Risk Quotients for Terrestrial Wildlife (Sugarcane)

Effects to Species	Terrestrial Species	Toxicity Value

	LD50/sq.ft.	LOC Exceedance

Acute	Mallard duck	LD50 = 1.0 mg/kg-bw

	Small bird  – 20 g	4512.34	Yes1,2,3

	Medium bird – 100 g	708.90	Yes1,2,3

	Large bird – 1000 g	50.19	Yes1,2,3

Acute	Laboratory rat	LD50 = 0.9 mg/kg-bw

	Small mammal – 15 g	1579.28	Yes1,2,3

	Medium mammal – 35 g	836.52	Yes1,2,3

	Large mammal – 1000 g	67.69	Yes1,2,3

Table 5.  Acute Risk Quotients for Terrestrial Wildlife (Tobacco)

Effects to Species	Terrestrial Species	Toxicity Value

	LD50/sq.ft.	LOC Exceedance

Acute	Mallard duck	LD50 = 1.0 mg/kg-bw

	Small bird  – 20 g	1804.94	Yes1,2,3

	Medium bird – 100 g	283.56	Yes1,2,3

	Large bird – 1000 g	20.07	Yes1,2,3

Acute	Laboratory rat	LD50 = 0.9 mg/kg-bw

	Small mammal – 15 g	631.71	Yes1,2,3

	Medium mammal – 35 g	334.61	Yes1,2,3

	Large mammal – 1000 g	27.08	Yes1,2,3

Table 6.  Acute Risk Quotients for Terrestrial Wildlife (Coffee)

Effects to Species	Terrestrial Species	Toxicity Value

	LD50/sq.ft.	LOC Exceedance

Acute	Mallard duck	LD50 = 1.0 mg/kg-bw

	Small bird  – 20 g	22110.48	Yes1,2,3

	Medium bird – 100 g	3473.62	Yes1,2,3

	Large bird – 1000 g	245.91	Yes1,2,3

Acute	Laboratory rat	LD50 = 0.9 mg/kg-bw

	Small mammal – 15 g	7738.49	Yes1,2,3

	Medium mammal – 35 g	4098.96	Yes1,2,3

	Large mammal – 1000 g	331.68	Yes1,2,3

Appendix A: 	   T-REX Modeling for Sugarcane, Tobacco, and Coffee

Input Parameters :

 

Output Results:

Tobacco

 Sugarcane

Coffee

 organism ≥0.5 (aquatic animals, mammals, birds)

Acute restricted use LOC ≥0.2 (mammals, birds), ≥0.1 (aquatic
animals)

 Acute endangered species LOC ≥0.1 (mammals, birds), ≥0.05 (aquatic
animals)

 Chronic RQ ≥1 (aquatic animals, mammals, birds)

 Incorporation = 85%; Application type = in-furrow ; Row spacing = 60
inches; Band width = 6 inches; 1 application at 20 lbs of product/A

 Incorporation=85%; Application type = shanked; Row spacing = 48 inches;
Band width =6- 12 inches (maximum of 12 inches was chosen); 1
application at 20 lbs product/A

	

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 Incorporation = 0%; Application type = in-furrow; Row spacing = 60
inches (in absence of better data, sugarcane row spacing was chosen as
default value); Band width = 6 inches; 2 applications at 14.7 lbs
product/A (120-d interval)

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