Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0466
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2012-06-13T04:00Z

List of References from EPA Response to 2,4-D NRDC Petition (published 4/18/12)
Link/Type
   1) Petition of Natural Resources Defense Council to Revoke All Tolerances and Cancel All Registrations for the Pesticide 2,4-D (November 6, 2008).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0002
   2) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Memorandum from Elizabeth Resek to Jim Downing, "Transmittal of Meeting Minutes of the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Held on March 25-26, 2008 to review and consider the Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program (EDSP) Proposed Tier 1 Screening Battery." (June 11, 2008).
http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2008/march/minutes2008-03-25.pdf
   3) Marino, T.; Coady, K.; Sosinski, L.; et al. (2010) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay Using the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas. Project Number: 101026. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical, USA. 155 p. MRID 48317001.
Study
   4) Coady, K.; Marino, T.; Thomas, J. (2010) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: The Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay Using the South African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis. Project Number: 101025. Unpublished study prepared by Dow Chemical, USA. 152 p. MRID 48317002.
Study
   5) Schisler, M.; LeBaron, M.; Visconti, N. (2011) (Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program): Evaluation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in an in vitro Androgen Receptor Binding Assay. Project Number: 111111/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Exponent, Inc. and The Dow Chemical Co. 91p. MRID 48614301.
Study
   6) Coady, K.; Sosinski, L. (2011) (Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program): 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: Evaluation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid in the Human Recombinant Aromatase Assay. Project Number: 111036/OCR 31868 P803. Unpublished study prepared by Exponent, Inc. and The Dow Chemical Co. 98p. MRID 48614302.
Study
   7) LeBaron, M.; Schisler, M.; Visconti, N. (2011) (Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program): 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: Evaluation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in an in vitro Estrogen Receptor Binding Assay. Project Number: 111121/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by The Dow Chemical Co., and Exponent, Inc. 91p. MRID 48614303.
Study
   8) LeBaron, M.; Kan, H. (2011) (Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program): Evaluation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) in an in vitro Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activation Assay in Human Cell Line HELA-9903. Project Number: 111043/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Exponent, Inc., and The Dow Chemical Co. 109p.MRID 48614304.
Study
   9) LeBaron, M.; Kan, H.; Perala, A. (2011) (Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program): Evaluation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in the in vitro Steroidogenesis Assay. Project Number: 111038/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Exponent, Inc., and The Dow Chemical Co. 78p. MRID 48614305.
Study
   10) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, EPA, Memorandum from Greg Ackerman to Katie Weyrauch, "2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) - Report of the Endocrine Disruptor Review Team - Test Order #: EDSP - 031001-120"  (December 20, 2010).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   11) EPA, A User's Guide to Available EPA Information on Assessing Exposure to Pesticides in Food (June 21, 2000).
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf
   12) Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs' Policy on the Determination of the Appropriate FQPA Safety Factor(s) for Use in the Tolerance Setting Process (February 28, 2002).
http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/trac/science/determ.pdf
   13) Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Memorandum from Stephen L. Johnson to Douglas D. Campt, "Transmittal of Final FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Reports on the June 25, 1987 meeting" (July 8, 1987). 
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   14) EPA, Scientific Advisory Panel Open Meeting (June 25, 1987).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   15) EPA, An SAB Report:  Assessment of Potential 2,4-D Carcinogenicity.  Review of the Epidemiological and Other Data on Potential Carcinogenicity of 2,4-D by the SAB/SAP Joint Committee.  (March 22, 1994).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   16) EPA, Carcinogenicity Peer Review (4[th]) of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).  (January 29, 1997).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   17) EPA, Agency Review of Task Force II Study Submission:  MRID 44284501 and MRID 44284502.  (March 16, 1999).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   18) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Reregistration Eligibility Decision for 2,4-D (June 2005).
http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/24d_red.pdf
   19) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Memorandum from Timothy C. Dole to Katie Hall, "2,4-D. HED's Revised Human Health Risk Assessment for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Revised to Reflect Public Comments. PC Code 030001; DP Barcode D316597" (May 12, 2005).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0167-0219
   20) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, EPA, Memorandum from Alexandra LaMay to Michael Walsh, "Petition for the Establishment of a New Formulation of 2,4-D Choline on Herbicide Tolerant Field Corn Containing the Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase-1 (ADD-1) Gene. (October 27, 2011).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   21) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, EPA, Memorandum from Alexandra LaMay to Michael Walsh,  "2,4-D: Amended Petition for the Establishment of a New Formulation of 2,4-D Choline on Herbicide Tolerant Field Corn Containing the Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase-1 (ADD-1) Gene."  (February 22, 2012).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   22) NRDC, "Supplement To The Natural Resources Defense Council Petition To Revoke All Tolerances And Cancel All Registrations For The Pesticide 2,4 D" (February 23, 2009).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0305
   23) Boston Women's Health Book Collective, et al., Objections to the establishment of a tolerance for pesticide chemical residues of 2,4-D.  OPP 301219.  (May 7, 2002). 
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   24) Beyond Pesticides, NRDC, et. al. comments on RED 2004. At regulations.gov EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0167-0072 (August 23, 2004).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0167-0072
   25) Agricultural Retailers Association et al.  Docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877. Available at regulations.gov EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0104.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0104
   26) Industry Task Force II on 2,4-D Research Data, "Comments on The Natural Resource Defense Council's Petition to Revoke All Tolerances and Cancel All Registrations for the Pesticide 2,4-D" (February 23, 2009).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0350
   27) National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., "Re: Docket # EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 (February 20, 2009).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0286
   28) Beyond Pesticides, "Re: Petition to Revoke all Tolerances and Cancel all Registrations for the Pesticide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D); Docket Number: EPA-OPP-2008-0877" (February 23, 2009).  
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0306
   29) New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York State Department of Health, "RE: EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877" (February 23, 2009).
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0323
   30) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, EPA, Memorandum from Linda Taylor, Nancy McCarroll, and Khin Swe Oo to Joel Wolf, "2,4-D: Evaluation of Data Identified in NRDC Petition and Associated Documents" (March 27, 2012). 
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0450
   31) Risk Assessment Branch VII, Health Effects Division (7509P), EPA, 2,4-D:  Review of Extended 1-Generation Reproduction Study and Dose-Range-Finding and Pharmacokinetic Titration Studies.  D376556. MRID 47972101, 47417901, 47417902. (November 30, 2010).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   32) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, EPA, Memorandum from Linda Taylor to Katie Weyrauch, "2,4-D:  Revised Executive Summary of the Data Evaluation record of the Extended 1-Generation Reproduction Study" (June 1, 2011).
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   33) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.3800: Reproduction and Fertility Effects (August 1998).
http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/SuppDocs/FedDocs/EPA/EPA_870_3800.pdf
   34) Xie, L.; Thrippleton, K.; Irwin, M.A., et al. Evaluation of estrogenic activities of aquatic herbicides and surfactants using a rainbow trout vitellogenin assay. Toxicological Sciences 87(2):391-398, 2005.
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   35) Rawlings, N.C.; Cook, S.J.; Waldbillig, D. Effects of the pesticides carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, lindande, triallate, trifluralin, 2,4-D, and pentachlorphenol on the metabolic endocrine and reproductive endocrine system in ewes. Journal of Toxicology and  Environmental Health 54:21-36, 1998.
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   36) Charles, J.M.; Cunny, H.C.; Wilson, R.D.; Bus, J.S. Comparative subchronic studies on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, amine, and ester in rats. Fundamental & Applied Toxicology 33:161-165, 1996.
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   37) Liu, R.C.; Hahn; Hurtt, M.E. The direct effect of hepatic peroxisome proliferators on rat leydig cell function in vitro. Fundamental & Applied Toxicology 30:102-108, 1996.
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   38) Kim, H.J.; Park, Y.I.; Dong, M.S.  Effectos of 2,4-D and DCP on the DHT-induced androgenic action in human prostate cancer cells.  Toxocological Sciences 88(I); 52-59, 2005.
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   39) Kim, H.J.; Kim, W.D,, et al. Mechanism of phenoxy compounds as an endocrine disruptor. Journal of Toxicology Public Health 18:331-339, 2002.
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   40) Duffard, R.; Bortolozzi, Ferri A.; Garcia, G., Evangelista de Duffard A.M. Developmental neurotoxicity of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Neurotoxicology 16(4):764, 1995.
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   41) Lerda, D.; Rixxi, R. Study of reproductive function in persons occupationally exposed to 2-4-D. Mutation Research 262:47-50, 1991.
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   42) Garry, V.F.; Schreinemachers, D.; Harkins, M.E., et al. Pesticide appliers, biocides and birth defects in rural Minnesota. Environmental Health Perspectives 104:394-399,1996.
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   43) Garry, V.F.; Hawkins, M.E.; Erickson, L.L.; Long-Simpson, L.K.; Holland, S.E.; Burroughs, B.L.  Birth defects, season of conception, and sex of children born to pesticide applicators living in the Red River Valley of Minnesota, USA.  Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002 June; 110(Suppl 3): 441 - 449.
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   44) Garry, V.F.; Tarone, R.E.; Kirsch, I.R.; Abdallah, J.M.; Lombardi, D.P.; Long, L.K.; Burroughs, B.L.; Barr, D.B.; and Kesner, J.S. Biomarker Correlations of Urinary 2,4-D Levels in Foresters: Genomic Instability and Endocrine Disruption. Environmental Health Perspectives V109/No. 5 pp. 495-500 (May 2001).  
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   45) Malysheva, L.N.; and Zhavoronkov, A.A. (1997). Morphological and histochemical changes in the thyroid gland after a single exposure to 2,4-DA herbicide. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 124 (12),676-677.
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   46) Ton, C.; Lin,Y.; Willett, C. Zebrafish as a model for development neurotoxicity testing, Birth Defects Research (Part A) 76:553-567, 2006. http://phylonix.com/BDRA-Ton.pdf.
Copyrighted http://phylonix.com/BDRA-Ton.pdf
   47) Evangelista de Duffard, A.M; Bortolozzi, A.; Duffard, R.O. Altered behavioral responses in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid treated and amphetamine challenged rats. Neurotoxicology 16(3):479-488, 1995.
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   48) Bortolozzi, A.; Evanglista de Duffard, A.M.; Dajas, F.; Duffard, R. Silveira, R. Intracerebral administration of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid induces behavioral and neurochemical alterations in the rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2001 April 22 (2):221-32.
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   49) Rosso, S.B.; Garcia, G.B.; Madariaga, M.J.; Evangelisa de Duffard, A.M.; Duffard, R.O, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in developing rats alters behaviour, myelination and regions brain gangliosides pattern, Neurotoxicology 2000 Feb-Apr; 21(1-2):155-63.  
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   50) Duffard, R.; Garcia, G.; Rosso, S.; Bortolozzi, A.; Madariaga, M.; di Paolo, O.; Evangelista De Duffard, A.M. Central nervous system myelin deficit in rats exposed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid throughout lactation, Neurotoxicolgy and Teratology 1996 Nov-Dec; 18(6):691-6.
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   51) Konjuh, C.; Garcia, G.; Lopez, L.; De Duffard, A.M.; Brusco, A.; Duffard, R. Neonatal hypomyelination by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Chemical and ultrastructural studies in rats. Toxicological Sciences 104(2):332-40, 2008.
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   52) EPA, Guidelines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment (1986).  
http://www.epa.gov/raf/publications/pdfs/MUTAGEN2.PDF
   53) Dearfield et al. (1991), Considerations in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's testing approach for mutagenicity, Mutation Research, 258: 259-283.
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   54) EPA, Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (2005). 
http://www.epa.gov/raf/publications/pdfs/CANCER_GUIDELINES_FINAL_3-25-05.PDF
   55) McGregor et al., (2000), Strategies and testing methods for identifying mutagenic risks, Mutation Research 455: 3-20.
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   56) Dearfield, K.; Cimino, M.; McCarroll, N.; Mauer, I.; Valcovic, L., 2002. Genotoxicity risk assessment: a proposed classification strategy. Mutation Research, 521(2002): 121-135.
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   57) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.5100, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998).
http://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series870.htm
   58) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.5300 In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test (August 1998).
http://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series870.htm
   59) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.5375, In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test (August 1998).
http://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series870.htm
   60) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870. 5385 Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test (August 1998).
http://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series870.htm
   61) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.5395 Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test (August 1998).
http://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series870.htm
   62) Thybaud et al., (2011), Strategies in case of positive in vivo results in genotoxicity testing strategies in vivo. Mutation Research 723: 121-128.
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   63) Madrigal-Bujaidar, E.; Hernandez-Ceruelos, A.; Chamorro, G. Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in somatic and germ cells of mice exposed in vivo. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39(9):941-6, 2001.
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   64) Soleneski, S.; Gonzalez, N.V.; Reigosa, M.A.; Larramendy, M.L., Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-induced cytogenic damage in human lymphocytes in vitro presence of erythrocytes. Cell Biology International 31(11):1316-22, 2007.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1065699507001527
   65) Gonzalez, M.; Solenski, S.; Reigosa, M.A.; Larramendy, M.L. Genotoxicity of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic and a commercial formulation, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine salt. I. Evaluation of DNA. Damage and cytogenic endpoints in Chinese Hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Toxicology In Vitro 19(2):289-97, 2005.
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1065699507001527
   66) Arias, E. Sister chromatid exchange induction by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in chick embryos. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety  55(3):338-43, 2003. 
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   67) Arias, E.  Cytogenetic Effects of Short- and Long-term Exposure of Chick Embryos to the Phenoxyherbicide 2,4-D. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis., 48:462-466. Doi:10.1002/em.20301. 2007.
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   68) Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, Reevaluation of the Genetic Toxicology Profile on 2,4-D (December 12, 2011).
Page 140 of:
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877-0450
   69) Zeljezic, D.; Garaj-Vrhovac,V. Chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and nuclear buds induced in human lymphocytes by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid pesticide formulation. Toxicology 200:39-47, 2004. 
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   70) Venkov, P.; Topashka-Ancheva, M.; Georgieva, M.; Alexieva, V.; Karanov, E. Genotoxic effect of substituted phenoxyacetic acids. Archives of Toxicology 74:560-6, 2000.
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   71) Figgs, L.W.; Holland, N.T.; Rothman, N.; Zahm, S.H., et al. Increased lymphocyte replicative index following 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide exposure. Cancer Causes and Control  11(4):373-80, 2000.
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   72) Holland, N.T.; Duramad, P.; Rothman, N.; Giggs, L.W., et al. Micronucleus frequency and proliferation in human lymphocytes after exposure to herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in vitro and in vivo. Mutation Research 521:165-178, 2002.
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   73) Tuschl, H.; Schwab, C. Cyctotoxic effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in HepG2 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 41:385-393, 2003. 
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   74) Bukowska, B. Effects of 2,4-D and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol on antioxidant enzymes and level of glutathione in human erythrocytes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology 135(4):435-41, 2004.
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   75) Venkov, P.; Topashka-Ancheva, M.; Georgieva, M.; Alexieva, V.; Karanov, E. Genotoxic effect of substituted phenoxyacetic acids.  Archives of Toxicology 74:560-6, 2000. 
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   76) Tripathy, N.K.; Routray, P.K.; Sahu, G.P.; Kumar; A.A. Genotoxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid tested in somatic germ-line cells of Drosophila. Mutation Research 319(3):237-42, 1993.
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   77) Sturtz, N.; Bongiovanni, B., et al. Detection of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid in rat milk of dams exposed during lactation and milk analysis of their major components. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44:8-16, 2006.
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   78) Marty, M.S.; S.A. Saghir; C.L. Zablotny;  A.J. Clark; A.W. Perala; B.L. Yano; J.S. Bus, and B.H. Neal. A dietary dose range-finding and toxicokinetic (TK) study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in adult CRL:CD(SD) rats and their offspring: II. Toxicity. Abstract No. 1262.  2009 Itinerary Planner.  Baltimore, MD:  Society of Toxicology.
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   79) Tasker, E. (1985) A Dietary Two-Generation Reproduction Study in Fischer 344 Rats with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: Final Report: Project No. WIL-81137. Unpublished study prepared by Wil Research Laboratories, Inc. MRID 00150557.
Study
   80) Brown, R. (1986) A Dietary Two-generation Reproduction Study in Fischer 344 Rats with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: Addendum to the Final Report: [Microscopic Evaluation of the Kidneys of the FO, F1 and F1b Male Rats]: Project No. WIL-81137. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Laboratories, Inc. MRID 00163996.
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   81) Nishioka, M.G.; Burkholder, H.M.; Brinkman, M.C.; Gordon, S.M. 1996.  Measuring lawn transport of lawn-applied herbicide acids from turf to home:  Correlation of dislodgeable 2,4-D turf residues with carpet dust and carpet surface residues.  Environmental Science and Technology 30:3313-3320.
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   82) Nishioka, M.G.; Lewis, R.G.; Brinkman, M.C.; Burkholder, H.M.; Hines, C.E.; and Menkedick, J.R. Distribution of 2,4-D in air and on surfaces inside residences after lawn applications: comparing exposure estimates from various media for young children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001 November; 109(11): 1185 - 1191. 
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   83) Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S.EPA, 2,4-D Response to Public Comments (December 16, 2004); EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0167-0090.
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2004-0167-0090
   84) Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, EPA, Memorandum from Myra Christiansen to Debra Edwards, "Transmittal of meeting minutes of the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting on the Evaluation of Updated Standard Operating Procedures for Residential Exposure Assessment"  (December 16, 2009).
http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2009/october/100609meetingminutes.pdf
   85) Child Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (Table 5-1, pg 5-5).  See http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-chapter05.pdf.
http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-chapter05.pdf
   86) Wilson, R. (1998) Comparison of Transferable Turf Residues from the Application of Various Forms of Phenoxy Herbicides and the Effects from the Application of Various Spray Volumes Per Acre: Lab Project Number: RDW98-0903. Unpublished study prepared by Broadleaf Turf Herbicide TFR Task Force LLC. 40 p. (OPPTS 875.2100) MRID 44655701.
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   87) Meeting of the Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee, Children/Worker Risk Policy.  See http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ppdc/2011/april/session4-ch-workerrisk.pdf. April 20-21, 2011.
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ppdc/2011/april/session4-ch-workerrisk.pdf
   88) Residue Chemistry Test Guidelines, OPPTS 860.1000, Background.  EPA 712 - C - 96 - 169, August 1996.
http://www.epa.gov/ocspp/pubs/frs/publications/Test_Guidelines/series860.htm
   89) Moody, R.P.; Wester, R.C.; Melendres, J.L.; Maibach, H.I. Dermal absorption of the phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D dimethylamine in humans effect of DEET and anatomic site. Journal of  Toxicology and Environmental Health 36(3):241-50.,1992. MRID 48772102. 
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   90) Feldmann, R.J.; Maibach, H.I., 1974. Percutaneous penetration of some pesticides and herbicides in man. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 28, 126 - 132.
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   91) Ross, R.H.; Driver, J.H.; Harris, S.A.; Maibach, H.I. (2005). Dermal absorption of 2, 4-D: a review of species differences. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 41: 82-91.
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   92) Brand, R.M.; McMahon, L., et al. (2007) Transdermal absorption of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is enhanced by both ethanol consumption and sunscreen application.  Food and Chemical Toxicology 45:93-97.
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   93) Pont, A.R.; Charron, A.R.; Brand, R.M.  (2004). Active ingredients in sunscreens act as topical penetration enhancers for the herbicide, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 195: 348-354.
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   94) Brand, R.M.; Charron, A.R.; Dutton, L.; Gavlic, T.L., et al. (2004). Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption on Dermal Penetration of Pesticides in Rats. Journal of  Toxicology and Environmental Health A 67, 153-161.
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   95) Brand, R.M.; Spalding, M.; Mueller, C. (2002). Sunscreens can increase dermal penetration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology 40 (7): 827-832.
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   96) Harris, S.A.; Solomon, K.R. 1992. Percutaneous penetration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-D dimethylamine salt in human volunteers. Journal of  Toxicology and Environmental Health 36, 233 - 240. MRID 48772104.
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   97) Maibach, H.I.; Feldmann, R.J., 1974. Systemic absorption of pesticides through the skin of man. In: Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Report to the Federal Working Group on Pest Management from the Task Group on Occupational Exposure to Pesticides, Appendix B. U.S. Government Printing Office, 0-551-026, Washington, DC, pp. 120 - 127. MRID 46859102.
Available in docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0877 at regulations.gov
   98) Wester, R.C.; Melendres, J.; Sedik, L.; Maibach, H.; Riviere, J.E., 1998. Percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid, theophylline, 2,4-dimethylamine, diethyl hexyl phthalic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap compared to man in vivo. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 151, 159 - 165. MRID 48772101.
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   99) Lerda, D.; and Rizzi, R. Study of Reproductive Function In Persons Occupationally Exposed to 2,4-D.  Mutation Research, 262 (1991) pp. 47-50. 
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http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0851-0004