Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766-0064
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2014-11-14T05:00Z

TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1

CROP GROUPING PETITION – TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT, INEDIBLE
PEEL, 

TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION) TO 40 CFR 180.41 (c) AND 180.1 (g)

(Abiu;  Aisen;  Akee apple;  Atemoya;  Avocado;  Avocado, Guatemalan; 
Avocado, Mexican;  Avocado, West Indian;  Bacury;  Bael fruit;  Banana; 
Banana, dwarf;  Binjai;  Biriba;  Breadfruit;  Burmese grape;  Canistel;
 Cat's-eyes;  Champedak;  Cherimoya;  Cupuacú;  Custard apple;  Dragon
fruit;  Durian;  Elephant-apple;  Etambe;  Granadilla;  Granadilla,
Giant;  Ilama;  Ingá,  Jackfruit;  Karuka;  Kei apple;  Langsat; 
Lanjut;  Longan;  Lucuma;  Lychee;  Mabolo;  Madras-thorn;  Mammy-apple;
 Manduro;  Mango;  Mango, horse;  Mango, Saipan;  Mangosteen;  Marang; 
Marmalade-box;  Matisia;  Mesquite;  Mongongo;  Monkey-bread-tree; 
Monstera;  Nicobar-breadfruit;  Paho;  Pandanus;  Papaya; 
Passionflower, Winged-stem;  Passionfruit;  Passionfruit, Banana; 
Passionfruit, Purple;  Passionfruit, Yellow;  Pawpaw;  Pawpaw,
Small-flower;  Pelipisan;  Pequi;  Pequia;  Persimmon, American; 
Pineapple;  Pitahaya;  Pitaya;  Pitaya Amarilla;  Pitaya Roja;  Pitaya,
Yellow;  Plantain;  Pomegranate;  Poshte;  Prickly pear;  Prickly pear,
Texas;  Pulasan;  Quandong;  Rambutan;  Saguaro;  Sapodilla;  Sapote,
black;  Sapote, green;  Sapote, mamey;  Sapote, white;  Sataw; 
Satinleaf;  Screw-pine;  Sierra Leone-tamarind;  Soncoya;  Soursop; 
Spanish lime;  Star apple;  Sugar apple;  Sun Sapote; 
Tamarind-of-the-Indies;  Velvet Tamarind;  Wampi;  White star apple; 
Wild loquat)

AUTHORS

William P. Barney and Kathryn Homa

INTERREGIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 4

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY

500 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, 201W

PRINCETON, NJ 08540

New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication

No. A - 27200-25-10, Supported by State, U.S. Hatch Act

and other U.S. Department of Agriculture funds.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

											PAGE

  TOC \o "1-2" \h \z \u    HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757922"  TITLE PAGE:
VOLUME 1	  PAGEREF _Toc275757922 \h  1  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757923"  TABLE OF CONTENTS	  PAGEREF
_Toc275757923 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757924"  TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION):	 
PAGEREF _Toc275757924 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757925"  PROPOSED AMENDMENT	  PAGEREF
_Toc275757925 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757926"  BACKGROUND	  PAGEREF _Toc275757926 \h  2
 

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757927"  CULTURAL INFORMATION	  PAGEREF
_Toc275757927 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757928"  PEST PROBLEMS	  PAGEREF _Toc275757928 \h
 2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757929"  PROPOSED CROP GROUP	  PAGEREF
_Toc275757929 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757930"  PROPOSED SUBGROUPS AND REPRESENTATIVE
CROPS	  PAGEREF _Toc275757930 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757931"  CROP DEFINITIONS	  PAGEREF _Toc275757931
\h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757932"  SUGGESTED INTERIM TOLERANCE EXPRESSIONS	
 PAGEREF _Toc275757932 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757933"  Table 1. Tolerances Established on
Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel	  PAGEREF _Toc275757933
\h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757934"  Table 2.  Tropical Fruit and Subtropical
Fruits, Inedible Peel Production in 2008	  PAGEREF _Toc275757934 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757935"  Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons,
Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel	  PAGEREF _Toc275757935
\h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757936"  ATTACHMENT 1. EXCEL SPREADSHEETS FOR
SORTING SUBGROUPS	  PAGEREF _Toc275757936 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757937"  ATTACHMENT 2. SYMPOSIUM PROPOSAL	 
PAGEREF _Toc275757937 \h  2  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc275757938"  ATTACHMENT 3.  REFERENCES	  PAGEREF
_Toc275757938 \h  2  

 

VOLUME 2.   COMMODITY MONOGRAPHS

VOLUME 3.  REFERENCES

VOLUME 4.  REFERENCES

TECHNICAL AMENDMENT (ADDITION):

40 CFR 180.41 (c)

	IR-4 Project and the International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee
(ICGCC) propose an amendment (addition) to 40 CFR 180.41 (c), adding a
new crop group – Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel.

PROPOSED AMENDMENT

1. Add a new crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 (c) as “Tropical and
Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel”.

2. Add the following 104 commodities in this new crop group:

Abiu,  Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk,  (Sapotaceae)

Aisen,  Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.,  (Capparaceae (also placed in
Brassicaceae))

Akee apple,  Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig,  (Sapindaceae)

Atemoya,  Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.,  (Annonaceae)

Avocado,  Persea americana Mill.,  (Lauraceae)

Avocado, Guatemalan,  Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis, 
(Lauraceae)

Avocado, Mexican,  Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. &
Cham.) S. F. Blake,  (Lauraceae)

Avocado, West Indian,  Persea americana var. americana,  (Lauraceae)

Bacury,  Platonia insignis Mart.,  (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae))

Bael fruit,  Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa,  (Rutaceae)

Banana,  Musa spp. and hybrids,  (Musaceae)

Banana, dwarf,  Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla,  (Musaceae)

Binjai,  Mangifera caesia Jack,  (Anacardiaceae)

Biriba,  Annona mucosa Jacq.,  (Annonaceae)

Breadfruit,  Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg,  (Moraceae)

Burmese grape,  Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.,  (Phyllanthaceae (also placed
in Euphorbiaceae))

Canistel,  Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni,  (Sapotaceae)

Cat's-eyes,  Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp. malesianus Leenh., 
(Sapindaceae)

Champedak,  Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.,  (Moraceae)

Cherimoya,  Annona cherimola Mill.,  (Annonaceae)

Cupuacú,  Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum., 
(Malvaceae (also placed in Sterculiaceae))

Custard apple,  Annona reticulata L.,  (Annonaceae)

Dragon fruit,  Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose,  (Cactaceae)

Durian,  Durio zibethinus L.,  (Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae,
Durionaceae))

Elephant-apple,  Limonia acidissima L.,  (Rutaceae)

Etambe,  Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.,  (Anacardiaceae)

Granadilla,  Passiflora ligularis Juss.,  (Passifloraceae)

Granadilla, Giant,  Passiflora quadrangularis L.,  (Passifloraceae)

Ilama,  Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.,  (Annonaceae)

Ingá ,  Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn.,  (Fabaceae
(alt. Leguminosae) (also placed in Mimosaceae))

Jackfruit,  Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.,  (Moraceae)

Jatobá,  Hymenaea courbaril L.,  (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also
placed in Caesalpiniaceae))

Karuka,  Pandanus julianettii Martelli,  (Pandanaceae)

Kei apple,  Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.,  (Salicaceae (also
placed in Flacourtiaceae))

Langsat,  Lansium domesticum Corrêa,  (Meliaceae)

Lanjut,  Mangifera lagenifera Griff.,  (Anacardiaceae)

Longan,  Dimocarpus longan Lour.,  (Sapindaceae)

Lucuma,  Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze,  (Sapotaceae)

Lychee,  Litchi chinensis Sonn.,  (Sapindaceae)

Mabolo,  Diospyros blancoi A. DC.,  (Ebenaceae)

Madras-thorn,  Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.,  (Fabaceae (alt.
Leguminosae); (also placed in Mimosaceae))

Mammy-apple,  Mammea americana L.  Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae))

Manduro,  Balanites maughamii Sprague,  (Zygophyllaceae (also placed in
Balanitaceae))

Mango,  Mangifera indica L.,  (Anacardiaceae)

Mango, horse,  Mangifera foetida Lour.,  (Anacardiaceae)

Mango, Saipan,  Mangifera odorata Griff.,  (Anacardiaceae)

Mangosteen,  Garcinia mangostana L.,  (Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae))

Marang,  Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco,  (Moraceae)

Marmalade-box,  Genipa americana L.,  (Rubiaceae)

Matisia,  Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl.,  (Malvaceae (also placed in
Bombacaceae))

Mesquite,  Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.,  (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae);
(also placed in Mimosaceae))

Mongongo,  Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm, 
(Euphorbiaceae)

Monkey-bread-tree,  Adansonia digitata L.,  (Malvaceae (also placed in
Bombacaceae))

Monstera,  Monstera deliciosa Liebm.,  (Araceae)

Nicobar-breadfruit,  Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana,  (Pandanaceae)

Paho,  Mangifera altissima Blanco,  (Anacardiaceae)

Pandanus,  Pandanus utilis Bory,  (Pandanaceae)

Papaya,  Carica papaya L.,  (Caricaceae)

Passionflower, Winged-stem,  Passiflora alata Curtis,  (Passifloraceae)

Passionfruit,  Passiflora edulis Sims,  (Passifloraceae)

Passionfruit, Banana,  Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth)
Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.,  (Passifloraceae)

Passionfruit, Purple,  Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis, 
(Passifloraceae)

Passionfruit, Yellow,  Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg., 
(Passifloraceae)

Pawpaw,  Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,  (Annonaceae)

Pawpaw, Small-flower,  Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal,  (Annonaceae)

Pelipisan,  Mangifera casturi Kosterm.,  (Anacardiaceae)

Pequi,  Caryocar brasiliense Cambess,  (Caryocaraceae)

Pequia,  Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.,  (Caryocaraceae)

Persimmon, American,  Diospyros virginiana L.,  (Ebenaceae)

Pineapple,  Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.,  (Bromeliaceae)

Pitahaya,  Hylocereus polyrhizus,  (Cactaceae)

Pitaya,  Hylocereus sp. Including H. megalanthus, H. ocamponis and H.
polychizus,  (Cactaceae)

Pitaya Amarilla,  Hylocereus triangularis,  (Cactaceae)

Pitaya Roja,  Hylocereus ocamponis,  (Cactaceae)

Pitaya, Yellow,  Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf
Bauer,  (Cactaceae)

Plantain,  Musa x paradisiaca L.  (Musaceae)

Pomegranate,  Punica granatum L.  (Lythraceae (also placed in
Punicaceae))

Poshte,  Annona liebmanniana Baill.  (Annonaceae)

Prickly pear,  Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.  (Cactaceae)

Prickly pear, Texas,  Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var.
lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava,  (Cactaceae)

Pulasan,  Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.,  (Sapindaceae)

Quandong,  Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.,  (Santalaceae)

Rambutan,  Nephelium lappaceum L.,  (Sapindaceae)

Saguaro,  Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose,  (Cactaceae)

Sapodilla,  Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen,  (Sapotaceae)

Sapote, black,  Diospyros digyna Jacq.,  (Ebenaceae)

Sapote, green,  Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist,  (Sapotaceae)

Sapote, mamey,  Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn, 
(Sapotaceae)

Sapote, white,  Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex,  (Rutaceae)

Sataw,  Parkia speciosa Hassk.,  (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); also
placed in Mimosaceae)

Satinleaf,  Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.,  (Sapotaceae)

Screw-pine,  Pandanus tectorius Parkinson,  (Pandanaceae)

Sierra Leone-tamarind,  Dialium guineense Willd.,  (Fabaceae (alt.
Leguminosae); (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae))

Soncoya,  Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal,  (Annonaceae)

Soursop,  Annona muricata L.,  (Annonaceae)

Spanish lime,  Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.,  (Sapindaceae)

Star apple,  Chrysophyllum cainito L.,  (Sapotaceae)

Sugar apple,  Annona squamosa L.,  (Annonaceae)

Sun Sapote,  Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch,  (Chrysobalanaceae)

Tamarind-of-the-Indies,  Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel., 
(Rubiaceae)

Velvet Tamarind,  Dialium indum L.,  (Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also
placed in Caesalpiniaceae))

Wampi,  Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels,  (Rutaceae)

White star apple,  Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don,  (Sapotaceae)

Wild loquat,  Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg.,  (Phyllanthaceae; (also
placed in Euphorbiaceae, Uapacaceae))



BACKGROUND

	A tropical fruit is a fruit produced by a tree, shrub or vine native to
the tropics.  The tropics are generally defined as the region of the
globe between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.  The
environment of the tropics is warm to hot and humid year round, creating
a unique habitat that results in trees, shrubs, and vines that grow
nowhere else in the world.  The sub-tropics are geographically located
immediately north and south of the tropical zone and have climates much
milder than temperate, northern zones.

Some tropical fruits are well known throughout the world and have been
consumed for centuries.  Some of these fruits include bananas,
pomegranates, mangoes, papaya, avocados, pineapple, guavas, passionfruit
and dates.  Many of these fruits are available in markets year-round
from a steady supply of fruit produced in the tropics and sub-tropics. 
Other tropical fruit are less well known, but are popular in specific
countries or regions of the world.  Other previously less well known
fruit have recently become popular in the US.  For example açaí fruit
is now a popular health drink.  

CULTURAL INFORMATION

The majority of tropical fruits develop on trees or shrubs, while a
small portion of tropical fruits grow on vines on trellises (for
example, dragonfruit).  Since tropical and subtropical fruits are grown
in similar climates, these crops have similar production methods.  The
monographs in Volume 2 of this submission include cultivation details
for each of the proposed tropical and subtropical crops.

PEST PROBLEMS

Environmental conditions in the tropics and sub-tropics are favorable
for a wide range of weed, insect and plant diseases on a year-round
basis.  These diverse insects, weeds and pathogens often need to be
controlled by herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.  A crop group
regulation would facilitate the establishment of pesticide tolerances on
numerous pesticides that are needed to control a wide diversity of plant
pests.  



PROPOSED CROP GROUP

The Tropical and subtropical fruit, inedible peel proposal was initiated
at the USDA/IR-4 Crop Grouping Symposium in Washington, DC, October 2002
(see Attachment 2 for Symposium proposal).  This workgroup was Chaired
by Michael Braverman (IR-4) and Co-Chaired by Jonathan Crane (University
of Florida), Nancy Dodd (EPA), Will Donovan (EPA), Edith Lurvey (IR-4)
and Maria Rodriguez (EPA).

This new crop group was further discussed and developed within the
Tropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Workgroup of the International Crop
Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC), which consisted of 62 U.S. crop
or regulatory experts from agriculture commodity groups, universities,
agrichemical industry, IR-4 Project, USDA, and EPA, and also 33
international crop or regulatory experts representing over 30 countries.
 The Workgroup discussed and validated each of the proposed commodities.
 Kathryn Homa (author, IR-4) then updated and developed commodity
monographs (Volume 2 of this submission) as supporting data.  A list of
references is provided at the end of the monographs.  Copies of partial
references are included as Volumes 3 and 4??? of this submission.

An important aspect of developing this new crop group was the
harmonization with the Codex Crop Classification of Foods and Animal
Feeds.  The Codex classification system is currently under revision with
many proposed tropical fruit additions.  The IR-4/EPA Crop Grouping
Working Group and the ICGCC are making every effort to collaborate with
the revision of the Codex crop classification.  In the current Codex
Crop Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds, assorted tropical and
sub-tropical fruits – inedible peel are included in Group 006 which is
classified in Type 01 Fruits.  The IR-4/ICGCC submission will be
forwarded to the Codex Electronic Working Group for the revision of the
Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds.  This submission
includes many of the recently proposed additions of tropical fruits,
inedible peel to the Codex classification.  The inclusion of tropical
fruits with inedible peels will ultimately benefit US growers in
exporting commodities that would have Codex MRLS established based on a
harmonized tropical and subtropical fruits, inedible peel crop group.  

Four proposed tropical fruits with an inedible peel from the palm family
((Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)) were rejected from consideration from the
inedible peel crop group either because none of the commodities met the
criteria for a representative commodity or there was no production in
the US.  These rejected tropical fruits include:  (1) Guriri
(Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze); (2) Muriti (Mauritia flexuosa
L.f.); (3) Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) and (4) Salak (Salacca
zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss).  Crop monographs were written, but these
commodities are proposed to remain as miscellaneous commodities.



Some proposed tropical fruits with an inedible peel (ceibillo, Florida
gooseberry, marolo, pindaiba, tucum palm and umari) were also rejected
from consideration from the crop group either because there was not
enough information available to properly classify them into crop groups
and subgroups or they are rarely cultivated.

Table 1 (Tolerances established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel, pages 15-25 of this volume) shows the existing US, Codex
and EU tolerances for Tropical and Subtropical fruits with an inedible
peel.  The majority of these tolerances are US and EU tolerances and it
should be noted that over 80% of the US tolerances are tolerances for
those commodities which are included in the inedible peel crop
definitions as follows: 

General commodity 	Specific Commodities Included in Definition 	Comments

Sugar Apple 	sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple ilama,
soursop, biriba 	All crops in the Annonaceae ; similar gross morphology;
inedible peel 

Lychee 	lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan 	All crops in
the Sapindaceae ; inedible peel 

Papaya 	papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango, sapodilla, canistel,
mamey sapote 	All crops have inedible peel; corresponds to Codex
classification 

Avocado 	avocado, papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango, sapodilla,
canistel, mamey sapote 	All crops have inedible peel; corresponds to
Codex classification 

Banana 	Banana, plantain 	 

Table 2 (Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Production in
2008, page 26 of this volume) shows the production (2008) of Tropical
and Subtropical fruits, inedible peel from the FAO (Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations) website.  Production of the majority
of these crops occurs predominantly in tropical regions rather than in
the US.  

Table 3 (Crop Group Comparisons – Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel , pages 28-35 of this volume) shows a comparison of the
classification of tropical fruits from the Codex Classification with
both the proposed US grouping and the EU crop regulation.  Most of the
proposed additions to the Codex Classification have been included in the
proposed new US crop group.



The new Tropical and Subtropical fruits, inedible peel, crop group
consists of a diverse group of plants from many plant families.  Within
this group, fruit size ranges from an approximate diameter of 1
centimeter (fruit of satinleaf, Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.) to 50
centimeters (fruit of jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.).  In
addition to size, the peel texture of tropical and subtropical fruit
varies from a smooth peel (banana, Musa spp.; mango, Mangifera indica
L.; papaya, Carica papaya L. and pomegranate, Punica granatum L.) to a
knobby, (atemoya, Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.), bumpy
(breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) or spiny (rambutan,
Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel.   

Many publications have documented the relationship between surface area
and mass of a commodity and pesticide residues (Maclachlan, D.J. and D.
Hamilton, 2010; Ripley, B.D., G.M. Ritcey, R. Harris, M.A. Denomme, L.
Lissemore, 2003; Matsumura, F., G.M. Boush, T. Misato, eds., 1972;
Schneider, B., 2002).   In general, the smaller the object, the larger
the ratio of surface area to weight.  For example, pesticide deposits on
grapes can be expected to be about 3X the pesticide deposit on apples
due to the higher surface area per unit weight (Bates, 1990).  Chili
peppers are also often cited as an example.  Because of their size, they
normally have a higher residue than sweet peppers (with the same GAP)
and are likely to drive a tolerance or MRL for peppers.  There is also
indication that surface area/mass ratio plays a more important role on
pesticide deposits than pubescence/serration present on surfaces
(Sundaram, 1991).  Because of this commodities in the proposed new crop
group were first sorted by size and then by peel texture.

ruit (surface area/mass (volume) ratio of ≤1.5:1).

Sorting the spreadsheets based on both fruit size (surface area/mass
(volume) ratio) and also peel texture resulted in subgroups that were
supported by appropriate representative commodities.  In addition,
subgroups were developed for unique groups of plants (cactus and vines).
 The proposed tropical and subtropical fruits, inedible peel crop group
is shown on page 11.  



Based on the above background and the input from the International Crop
Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC), IR-4 and the ICGCC propose that
the tropical and subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel crop group be
established as a new crop group.  Five subgroups are proposed:  (1)
Subgroup 22A.  Tropical and Subtropical, Small Fruit, Inedible Peel
Subgroup;  (2) Subgroup 22B. Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large
Fruits, Smooth, Inedible Peel Subgroup;  (3) Subgroup 21C. Tropical and
Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Rough or Hairy, Inedible Peel
Subgroup; (4) Subgroup 21D. Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel,
Cactus Subgroup and (5) Subgroup 21E. Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible
Peel, Vine Subgroup.  

Selection of representative commodities should be based on a
representative commodity that is most likely to (1) contain the highest
residues; (2) be major in terms of production and/or consumption and (3)
similar in morphology, growth habit, pest problems and edible portion to
the related commodities within a group or subgroup.  Based on these
criteria, one representative commodity is proposed (lychee) for Subgroup
22A; two representative commodities (avocado and pomegrante) are
proposed for Subgroup 22B; two representative commodities (atemoya and
pineapple) are proposed for Subgroup 22C; two representative commodities
(dragon fruit and prickly pear) are proposed for Subgroup 22D and one
representative commodity (passionfruit) is proposed for Subgroup 22E.  A
crop group regulation would benefit growers and consumers, save
considerable taxpayer’s money on residue studies, save time for
government agencies on review of residue data and facilitate the
establishment of import tolerances.  

PROPOSED SUBGROUPS AND REPRESENTATIVE CROPS

Subgroup 22A.	Tropical and Subtropical, Small Fruit, Inedible Peel
Subgroup

	Proposed Representative Crop:  Lychee

Subgroup 22B.	Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Smooth,
Inedible Peel Subgroup

	Proposed Representative Crops:  Avocado and Pomegranate

Subgroup 22C.	Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Rough or
Hairy, Inedible Peel Subgroup

	Proposed Representative Crop:  Atemoya and Pineapple

Subgroup 22D.	Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Cactus Subgroup

	Proposed Representative Crop:  Dragon fruit and Prickly pear

Subgroup 22E.	Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Vine Subgroup

	Proposed Representative Crop:  Passionfruit



Proposed Crop Subgroups:

Crop Group / Subgroup	Potential Rep. Commodities	

Proposed Commodities

22A.  Tropical and Subtropical, Small Fruit, Inedible Peel Subgroup
Lychee	Aisen;  Bael fruit;  Burmese grape; Cat’s eyes;  Ingá; 
Lychee;  Madras-thorn;  Manduro;  Matisia;  Mesquite;  Mongongo; 
Pawpaw, small-flower;  Satinleaf;  Sierra Leone-tamarind;  Spanish lime;
 Velvet tamarind;  Wampi;  White star apple

22B.  Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Smooth, Inedible
Peel Subgroup	Avocado and Pomegranate	Abiu;  Akee apple;  Avocado; 
Avocado, Guatemalan;  Avocado, Mexican;  Avocado, West Indian;  Bacury; 
Banana;  Banana, dwarf;  Binjai;  Canistel;  Cupuacú;  Etambe; 
Jatobá;  Kei apple;  Langstat;  Lanjut;  Lucuma;  Mabolo;  Mango; 
Mango, horse;  Mango, Saipan;  Mangosteen;  Paho;  Papaya;  Pawpaw; 
Pelipisan;  Pequi;  Pequia;  Persimmon, American;  Plantain; 
Pomegranate;  Poshte;  Quandong;  Sapote, black;  Sapote, green; 
Sapote, white;  Sataw;  Screw-pine;  Star apple; 
Tamarind-of-the-Indies;  Wild loquat

22C.  Tropical and Subtropical, Medium to Large Fruit, Rough or Hairy,
Inedible Peel Subgroup	Atemoya and Pineapple	Atemoya;  Biriba; 
Breadfruit;  Champedak;  Cherimoya;  Custard apple;  Durian;
Elephant-apple;   Ilama;  Jackfruit;  Karuka;  Longan;  Mammy-apple; 
Marmalade-box;  Marang;  Monkey-bread tree;  Nicobar-breadfruit; 
Pandanus;  Pineapple;  Pulasan;  Rambutan;  Sapodilla;  Sapote, mamey; 
Soncoya;  Soursop;  Sugar apple;  Sun sapote

22D.  Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Cactus Subgroup	Dragon
fruit and Prickly pear	Dragon fruit;  Pitahaya;  Pitaya;  Pitaya
Amarilla;  Pitaya Roja;  Pitaya, yellow;  Prickly pear;  Prickly pear,
Texas;  Saguaro

22E.  Tropical and Subtropical, Inedible Peel, Vine Subgroup
Passionfruit	Granadilla;  Granadilla, Giant;  Monstera;  Passionflower,
Winged-stem;  Passionfruit; Passionfruit, banana;  Passionfruit, purple;
 Passionfruit, yellow

Small fruit = Surface Area/Mass (Volume) of >1.5:1.  Medium to Large
Fruit = Surface Area/Mass (Volume) of ≤1.5:1.

CROP DEFINITIONS

The current crop definitions for tropical and subtropical fruit with
inedible peel are proposed to be removed because these commodities will
be included in the appropriate subgroups (except that banana is proposed
for an expanded crop definition – see below).

General commodity 	Specific Commodities Included in Definition 	Comments

Sugar Apple 	sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple ilama,
soursop, biriba 	All crops in the Annonaceae ; similar gross morphology;
inedible peel 

Lychee 	lychee, longan, Spanish lime, rambutan, pulasan 	All crops in
the Sapindaceae ; inedible peel 

Papaya 	papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango, sapodilla, canistel,
mamey sapote 	All crops have inedible peel; corresponds to Codex
classification 

Avocado 	avocado, papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango, sapodilla,
canistel, mamey sapote 	All crops have inedible peel; corresponds to
Codex classification 

Banana 	Banana, plantain 	 

However, crop definitions are proposed for avocado, passionfruit and
banana that include many of the closely related species and varieties. 
The following are the proposed crop definitions for Tropical and
Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel:

A	B

Avocado

(Persea americana Mill.)	Avocado (Persea americana Mill.);  Avocado,
Guatemalan (Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis); Avocado, Mexican
(Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake);
Avocado, West Indian (Persea americana var. americana)

Passionfruit

(Passiflora edulis Sims)	Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims); 
Passionfruit, Purple (Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis);
Passionfruit, Yellow (Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg.)

Banana (Musa spp.)	Banana (Musa spp.); Banana, Dwarf (Musa hybrids; Musa
acuminata Colla); Plantain (Musa x paradisiaca L.  )

SUGGESTED INTERIM TOLERANCE EXPRESSIONS

	Until the new crop group is published in 40 CFR, the author suggests
that the Minor Use Branch of the Registration Division and the ChemSAC,
EPA/OPP approve the proposed crop group and establish following interim
tolerance expressions to be used in tolerance petitions:

Tolerance expression for Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
Crop Group:

Commodities:

Abiu

Aisen

Akee apple

Atemoya

Avocado

Avocado, Guatemalan

Avocado, Mexican

Avocado, West Indian

Bacury

Bael fruit

Banana

Banana, dwarf

Binjai

Biriba

Breadfruit

Burmese grape

Canistel

Cat's-eyes

Champedak

Cherimoya

Cupuacú

Custard apple

Dragon fruit

Durian

Elephant-apple

Etambe

Granadilla

Granadilla, Giant

Ilama

Ingá

Jackfruit

Jatobá

Karuka

Kei apple

Langsat

Lanjut

Longan

Lucuma

Lychee

Mabolo

Madras-thorn

Mammy-apple

Manduro

Mango

Mango, horse

Mango, Saipan

Mangosteen

Marang

Marmalade-box

Matisia

Mesquite

Mongongo (fruit)

Monkey-bread-tree

Monstera

Nicobar-breadfruit

Paho

Pandanus

Papaya

Passionflower, Winged-stem

Passionfruit

Passionfruit, Banana

Passionfruit, Purple

Passionfruit, Yellow

Pawpaw

Pawpaw, Small-flower

Pelipisan

Pequi

Pequia

Persimmon, American

Pineapple

Pitahaya

Pitaya

Pitaya Amarilla

Pitaya Roja

Pitaya, Yellow

Plantain

Pomegranate

Poshte

Prickly pear

Prickly pear, Texas

Pulasan

Quandong

Rambutan

Saguaro

Sapodilla

Sapote, black

Sapote, green

Sapote, mamey

Sapote, white

Sataw

Satinleaf

Screw-pine

Sierra Leone-tamarind

Soncoya

Soursop

Spanish lime

Star apple

Sugar apple

Sun Sapote

Tamarind-of-the-Indies

Velvet Tamarind

Wampi

White star apple

Wild loquat

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Atemoya	Azoxystrobin	2	--	--

Atemoya	Bifenazate	1.6	--	--

Atemoya	Buprofezin	0.3	--	--

Atemoya	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	--

Atemoya	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	--

Atemoya	Glyphosate	0.2	--	--

Atemoya	Imidacloprid	0.3	--	--

Atemoya	Mancozeb	3	--	--

Atemoya	Menfenoxam	0.2	--	--

Atemoya	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	--

Atemoya	Spiinetoram	0.3	--	--

Atemoya	Spinosad	0.3	--	--

Avocado	Abamectin	0.02	--	0.01

Avocado	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Avocado	Bifenazate	7	--	0.01

Avocado	Boscalid	1.5	--	0.05

Avocado	Buprofezin	0.3	--	0.05

Avocado	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Avocado	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Avocado	Cyprodinil	1.2	--	0.05

Avocado	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	0.05

Avocado	Fenpropathrin	1	--	0.01

Avocado	Fludioxonil	0.45	--	0.05

Avocado	Fluridone	0.1	--	--

Avocado	Fosetyl-Al	25	--	50

Avocado	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Avocado	Imidacloprid	1	--	1

Avocado	Inorganic bromide 	75	75	50

Avocado	Malathion	8	--	0.02

Avocado	Metalaxyl	4	0.2	0.05

Avocado	Methomyl	2	--	0.05

Avocado	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	0.7	0.02

Avocado	Norflurazon	0.2	--	--

Avocado	Oryzalin	0.05	--	0.01

Avocado	Oxyfluorfen	0.05	--	0.05

Avocado	Paraquat dichloride	0.05	0.01	0.02

Avocado	Permethrin	1	--	0.05

Avocado	Phosphine	0.01	--	0.05

Avocado	Pyraclostrobin	0.6	--	0.02

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Avocado	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	0.05

Avocado	Simazine	0.2	--	0.1

Avocado	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Avocado	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Avocado	Spirodiclofen	1	--	0.02

Banana	Azoxystrobin	2	2	2

Banana	Buprofezin	0.2	--	0.5

Banana	Carbaryl	5	--	0.05

Banana	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.2	--	0.01

Banana	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Banana	Chlorothalonil	0.5	0.01	0.2

Banana	Chlorpyrifos	0.1	2	3

Banana	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	0.05

Banana	Diuron	0.1	--	0.1

Banana	Dodine	0.5	--	0.2

Banana	Ethoprop	0.02	0.02	0.02

Banana	Fenbuconazole	0.3	0.05	0.05

Banana	Fosetyl-Al	3	--	2

Banana	Glufosinate-ammonium	0.2	0.2	0.2

Banana	Glyphosate	0.2	0.05	0.1

Banana	Imazalil	3	2	2

Banana	Imidacloprid	0.5	0.05	0.05

Banana	Mancozeb	0.5	2	2

Banana	Maneb	4	2	2

Banana	Myclobutanil	4	2	2

Banana	Oxamyl	0.3	--	0.01

Banana	Oxyfluorfen	0.05	--	0.05

Banana	Paraquat dichloride	0.05	0.01	0.02

Banana	Phosphine	0.01	--	0.05

Banana	Propiconazole	0.2	0.1	0.1

Banana	Pyraclostrobin	0.04	0.02	0.02

Banana	Pyrimethanil	0.1	0.1	0.1

Banana	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Banana	Spinetoram	0.25	--	0.05

Banana	Spinosad	0.25	--	0.02

Banana	Tebuconazole	0.05	0.05	0.05

Banana	Terbufos	0.025	0.05	0.05

Banana	Thiabendazole	3	5	5

Banana	Thiophanate-methyl	2	0.2	0.1

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Cherimoya	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Cherimoya	Bifenazate	1.6	--	0.01

Cherimoya	Buprofezin	0.3	--	0.05

Cherimoya	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Cherimoya	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Cherimoya	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Cherimoya	Imidacloprid	0.3	--	0.05

Cherimoya	Mancozeb	3	--	0.05

Cherimoya	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Cherimoya	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Cherimoya	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Custard Apple	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Bifenazate	1.6	--	0.01

Custard Apple	Buprofezin	0.3	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Custard Apple	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Custard Apple	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Custard Apple	Imidacloprid	0.3	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Mancozeb	3	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Mefenoxam	0.2	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Custard Apple	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Durian	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Jackfruit	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Jackfruit	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Longan	Azoxystrobin	2	--	--

Longan	Bifenazate	5	--	--

Longan	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	--

Longan	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	--

Longan	Cyprodinil	2	--	--

Longan	Fludioxonil	1	--	--

Longan	Glyphosate	0.2	--	--

Longan	Imidacloprid	3	--	--

Longan	Methoxyfenozide	2	--	--

Longan	Spinetoram	0.3	--	--

Longan	Spinosad	0.3	--	--

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Lychee	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Lychee	Bifenazate	5	--	0.01

Lychee	Buprofezin	0.3	--	0.05

Lychee	Carfentazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Lychee	Chlorantraniliprole	2	--	0.01

Lychee	Chlorothalonil	15	--	0.01

Lychee	Cyprodinil	2	--	0.05

Lychee	Fludioxonil	1	--	0.05

Lychee	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Lychee	Imidacloprid	3	--	0.05

Lychee	Methoxyfenozide	2	--	0.02

Lychee	Pyriproxyfen	0.3	--	0.05

Lychee	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Lychee	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Lychee	Tebuconazole	1.6	--	0.05

Mango	Azoxystrobin	2	0.7	0.7

Mango	Bifenazate	7	--	0.01

Mango	Boscalid	1.5	--	0.05

Mango	Buprofezin	0.9	0.1	0.1

Mango	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Mango	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Mango	Chlorothalonil	1	--	0.01

Mango	Cyprodinil	1.2	--	0.05

Mango	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	0.05

Mango	Fenpropathrin	1	--	0.01

Mango	Fludioxonil	0.45	--	0.05

Mango	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Mango	Imidacloprid	1	0.2	0.2

Mango	Inorganic bromide	20	20	50

Mango	Malathion	8	--	0.02

Mango	Mancozeb	15	2	2

Mango	Mefenoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Mango	Methidathion	0.05	--	0.02

Mango	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	--	0.02

Mango	Myclobutanil	3	--	0.02

Mango	Phosphine	0.01	--	0.05

Mango	Piperonly Butoxide	8	--	--

Mango	Pyraclostrobin	0.6	0.05	0.05

Mango	Pyrethrins	1	--	1

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Mango	Pyridaben	0.1	--	0.5

Mango	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	0.05

Mango	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Mango	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Mango	Spirodiclofen	1	--	0.02

Mango	Tebuconazole	0.15	--	0.1

Mango	Thiabendazole	10	5	5

Mango	Thiamethoxam	0.4	--	0.5

Mango	Trifloxystrobin	0.7	--	0.5

Mango	Triflumizole	2.5	--	0.1

Mangosteen	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Papaya	Azoxystrobin	2	0.3	0.3

Papaya	Bifenazate	7	--	0.01

Papaya	Boscalid	1.5	--	0.05

Papaya	Buprofezin	0.9	--	0.05

Papaya	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Papaya	Chlorantraniliprole	2	--	0.01

Papaya	Chlorothalonil	15	--	20

Papaya	Cyprodinil	1.2	--	0.05

Papaya	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	0.05

Papaya	Diuron	0.5	--	0.1

Papaya	Fenbutatin-oxide	2	--	0.05

Papaya	Fenpropathrin	1	--	0.01

Papaya	Fludioxonil	0.45	--	0.05

Papaya	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Papaya	Imidacloprid	1	--	0.05

Papaya	Inorganic bromide	20	20	50

Papaya	Malathion	1	--	0.02

Papaya	Mancozeb	10	5	7

Papaya	Maneb	10	5	7

Papaya	Mefenoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Papaya	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	1	0.02

Papaya	Myclobutanil	3	--	0.02

Papaya	Paraquat dichloride	0.05	0.01	0.02

Papaya	Phosphine	0.01	--	0.05

Papaya	Pyraclostrobin	0.6	0.05	0.05

Papaya	Pyridaben	0.1	--	0.5

Papaya	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	0.05

Papaya	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Papaya	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.5

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel
(continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Papaya	Spirodiclofen	1	0.03	0.02

Papaya	Thiabendazole	5	10	10

Papaya	Thiamethoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Papaya	Trifloxystrobin	0.7	--	1

Papaya	Triflumizole	2.5	--	0.1

Pawpaw	Azoxystrobin	2	0.3	--

Pawpaw	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	--

Pawpaw	Cyprodinil	2	--	--

Pawpaw	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	--

Pawpaw	Fluazifop	0.05	--	--

Pawpaw	Fluridone	0.1	--	--

Pawpaw	Glyphosate	0.2	--	--

Pawpaw	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	--

Pineapple	Ametryn	0.05	--	--

Pineapple	Bromacil	0.1	--	--

Pineapple	Carbaryl	2	--	0.05

Pineapple	Chlorantraniliprole	1.5	--	0.01

Pineapple	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	0.05

Pineapple	Diazinon	0.5	0.1	0.3

Pineapple	Diuron	0.1	--	0.1

Pineapple	Endosulfan	1	--	0.05

Pineapple	EPTC	0.1	--	0.05

Pineapple	Ethephon	2	2	2

Pineapple	Ethoprop	0.02	--	0.02

Pineapple	Fosetyl-Al	0.1	--	50

Pineapple	Glyphosate	0.1	--	0.1

Pineapple	Hexazinone	0.6	--	--

Pineapple	Hydramethylnon	0.05	--	--

Pineapple	Inorganic bromide	20	20	50

Pineapple	Malathion	8	--	0.02

Pineapple	Metalaxyl	0.1	--	0.05

Pineapple	O-phenylphenol	10	--	--

Pineapple	Oxamyl	1	--	0.01

Pineapple	Paraquat dichloride	0.05	0.01	0.02

Pineapple	Piperonyl Butoxide	8	--	--

Pineapple	Propiconazole	4.5	0.02	0.05

Pineapple	Pyrethrins	1	--	1

Pineapple	Pyriproxyfen	0.3	--	0.05

Pineapple	Spinetoram	0.04	--	0.05

Pineapple	Spinosad	0.02	--	0.02

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel
(continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Pineapple	Triadimefon	2	5	3

Pineapple	Triflumizole	4	--	0.1

Plantain	Azoxystrobin	2	--	2

Plantain	Buprofezin	0.2	--	0.5

Plantain	Carbaryl	5	--	0.05

Plantain	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.2	--	0.01

Plantain	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Plantain	Chlorothalonil	0.5	--	0.2

Plantain	Chlorpyrifos	0.1	--	3

Plantain	d-Phenothrin	0.01	--	0.05

Plantain	Diuron	0.1	--	0.1

Plantain	Dodine	0.5	--	0.2

Plantain	Ethoprop	0.02	--	0.02

Plantain	Fenbuconazole	0.3	--	0.05

Plantain	Fosetyl-Al	3	--	2

Plantain	Glufosinate-ammonium	0.2	0.05	0.2

Plantain	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Plantain	Imazalil	3	--	2

Plantain	Imidacloprid	0.5	--	0.05

Plantain	Mancozeb	0.5	--	2

Plantain	Maneb	4	--	2

Plantain	Myclobutanil	4	--	2

Plantain	Oxamyl	0.3	--	0.01

Plantain	Oxyfluorfen	0.05	--	0.05

Plantain	Paraquat dichloride	0.05	0.01	0.02

Plantain	Phosphine	0.01	--	0.05

Plantain	Propiconazole	0.2	--	0.1

Plantain	Pyraclostrobin	0.04	--	0.02

Plantain	Pyrimethanil	0.1	--	0.1

Plantain	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Plantain	Spinetoram	0.25	--	0.05

Plantain	Spinosad	0.25	--	0.02

Plantain	Tebuconazole	0.05	--	0.05

Plantain	Terbufos	0.025	--	0.05

Plantain	Thiabendazole	3	--	5

Plantain	Thiophanate-methyl	2	--	0.1

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel
(continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Pomegranate	Buprofezin	1.9	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Pomegranate	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Pomegranate	Clothianidin	0.2	--	0.02

Pomegranate	Fenhexamid	2	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Fludioxonil	5	--	3

Pomegranate	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Pomegranate	Imidacloprid	0.9	1	1

Pomegranate	Inorganic bromide	100	20	50

Pomegranate	Methomyl	0.2	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	--	0.02

Pomegranate	Oryzalin	0.05	--	0.01

Pomegranate	Oxyfluorfen	0.05	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Pendimethalin	0.1	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Pomegranate	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Sapodilla	Azoxystrobin	2	--	--

Sapodilla	Bifenazate	7	--	--

Sapodilla	Boscalid	1.5	--	--

Sapodilla	Buprofezin	0.9	--	--

Sapodilla	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	--

Sapodilla	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	--

Sapodilla	Cyprodinil	1.2	--	--

Sapodilla	Fenpropathrin	1	--	--

Sapodilla	Fludioxonil	0.45	--	--

Sapodilla	Glyphosate	0.2	--	--

Sapodilla	Imidacloprid	1	--	--

Sapodilla	Mancozeb	15	--	--

Sapodilla	Mefenoxam	0.4	--	--

Sapodilla	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	--	--

Sapodilla	Myclobutanil	3	--	--

Sapodilla	Pyraclostrobin	0.6	--	--

Sapodilla	Pyridaben	0.1	--	--

Sapodilla	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	--

Sapodilla	Spinetoram	0.3	--	--

Sapodilla	Spinosad	0.3	--	--

Sapodilla	Spirodiclofen	1	--	--

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel
(continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Sapodilla	Thiamethoxam	0.4	--	--

Sapodilla	Trifloxystrobin	0.7	--	--

Sapodilla	Triflumizole	2.5	--	--

Sapote, Black	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Bifenazate	7	--	0.01

Sapote, Black	Boscalid	1.5	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Buprofezin	0.9	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Sapote, Black	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Sapote, Black	Cyprodinil	1.2	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Fenpropathrin	1	--	0.01

Sapote, Black	Fludioxonil	0.45	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Sapote, Black	Imidacloprid	1	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Mefenoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	--	0.02

Sapote, Black	Myclobutanil	3	--	0.02

Sapote, Black	Pyraclostrobin	0.6	--	0.02

Sapote, Black	Pyridaben	0.1	--	0.5

Sapote, Black	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Sapote, Black	Spiradiclofen	1	--	0.02

Sapote, Black	Thiamethoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Sapote, Black	Trifloxystrobin	0.7	--	0.02

Sapote, Black	Triflumizole	2.5	--	0.1

Sapote, mamey	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Bifenazate	7	--	0.01

Sapote, mamey	Boscalid	1.5	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Buprofezin	0.9	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Sapote, mamey	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Sapote, mamey	Cyprodinil	1.2	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Fenpropathrin	1	--	0.01

Sapote, mamey	Fludioxonil	0.45	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Sapote, mamey	Imidacloprid	1	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Mancozeb	15	--	0.05

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel
(continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Sapote, mamey	Mefenoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Methoxyfenozide	0.6	--	0.02

Sapote, mamey	Myclobutanil	3	--	0.02

Sapote, mamey	Pyraclostrobin	0.6	--	0.02

Sapote, mamey	Pyridaben	0.1	--	0.5

Sapote, mamey	Pyriproxyfen	1	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Sapote, mamey	Spirodiclofen	1	--	0.02

Sapote, mamey	Thiamethoxam	0.4	--	0.05

Sapote, mamey	Trifloxystrobin	0.7	--	0.02

Sapote, mamey	Triflumizole	2.5	--	0.1

Sapote, white	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Sapote, white	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Sapote, white	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Sapote, white	Mancozeb	15	--	0.05

Sapote, white	Pyriproxyfen	0.3	--	0.05

Sapote, white	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Sapote, white	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Soursop	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Soursop	Bifenazate	1.6	--	0.01

Soursop	Buprofezin	0.3	--	0.05

Soursop	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Soursop	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Soursop	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Soursop	Imidacloprid	0.3	--	0.05

Soursop	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Soursop	Spinetoram	0.3	--	0.05

Soursop	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02

Spanish Lime	Azoxystrobin	2	--	--

Spanish Lime	Bifenazate	5	--	--

Spanish Lime	Buprofezin	0.3	--	--

Spanish Lime	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	--

Spanish Lime	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	--

Spanish Lime	Cyprodinil	2	--	--

Spanish Lime	Fludioxonil	1	--	--

Spanish Lime	Glyphosate	0.2	--	--

Spanish Lime	Imidacloprid	3	--	--

Spanish Lime	Methoxyfenozide	2	--	--

Table 1. Tolerances Established on Tropical Fruits – Inedible Peel
(continued)

(FASonline:  mrldatabase.com; tolerances as of September 8, 2010)

Commodity	

Compound	

US (ppm)	

Codex (ppm)	

EU (ppm)

Spanish Lime	Pyriproxyfen	0.3	--	--

Spanish Lime	Spinetoram	0.3	--	--

Spanish Lime	Spinosad	0.3	--	--

Sugar Apple	Azoxystrobin	2	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Bifenazate	1.6	--	0.01

Sugar Apple	Buprofezin	0.3	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.1	--	0.01

Sugar Apple	Chlorantraniliprole	4	--	0.01

Sugar Apple	Glyphosate	0.2	--	0.1

Sugar Apple	Imidacloprid	0.3	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Mancozeb	3	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Mefenoxam	0.2	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Pyriproxyfen	0.2	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Spineforam	0.3	--	0.05

Sugar Apple	Spinosad	0.3	--	0.02



Table 2.  Tropical Fruit and Subtropical Fruits, Inedible Peel
Production in 2008

(FAOSTAT:    HYPERLINK "http://faostat.fao.org/site/566/default.aspx" 
http://faostat.fao.org/site/566/default.aspx , results as of September
7, 2010)

Countries/Regions	

Avocado	

Banana	Mango, Mangosteen, Guavas	

Papaya	

Pineapple	

Plantain

Australia	9,800 ha

47,238 tonnes	9,853 ha

207,061 tonnes	9,500 ha

57,947 tonnes	250 ha

3,500 tonnes	5,134 ha

164,732 tonnes	No data

No data

New Zealand	4,004 ha

20,000 tonnes	No data

No data	No data

No data	No data

No data	No data

No data	No data

No data

United States	29,474 ha

116,000 tonnes	445 ha

7,893 tonnes	675 ha

2,950 tonnes	558 ha

15,200 tonnes	5,700 ha

172,500 tonnes	No data

No data

Africa	81,312 ha

511,976 tonnes	1,561,187 ha

12,234,118 tonnes	603,968 ha

3,395,045 tonnes	139,521 ha

1,449,513 tonnes	234,766 ha

2,458,760 tonnes	4,331,585 ha

24,734,204 tonnes

North America	29,474 ha

116,000 tonnes	467 ha

8,256 tonnes	675 ha

2,950 tonnes	558 ha

15,200 tonnes	5,700 ha

172,500 tonnes	No data

No data

Central America	131,571 ha

1,253,885 tonnes	208,899 ha

7,073,442 tonnes	214,195 ha

2,128,243 tonnes	27,757 ha

992,930 tonnes	67,370 ha

2,838,438 tonnes	44,527 ha

617,801 tonnes

South America	94,506 ha

838,848 tonnes	867,263 ha

16,592,662 tonnes	141,692 ha

1,908,411 tonnes	67,670 ha

2,475,981 tonnes	119,909 ha

3,715,789 tonnes	770,619 ha

6,637,991 tonnes

Asia	46,266 ha

406,122 tonnes	1,957,895 ha

54,192,001 tonnes	3,651,624 ha

26,543,548 tonnes	167,206 ha

5,030,117 tonnes	398,863 ha

9,658,237 tonnes	107,680 ha

1,159,920 tonnes

Europe	22,225 ha

100,730 tonnes	10,576 ha

417,650 tonnes	No data

No data	No data

No data	250 ha

3,000 tonnes	No data

No data

World Total	43,7470 ha

3,555,265 tonnes	4,834,774 ha

9,339,0721 tonnes	4,723,906 ha

34,889,014 tonnes	411,163 ha

10,104,917 tonnes	852,043 ha

19,268,880 tonnes	5,387,755 ha

34,309,198 tonnes

Note:  This table reports only the tropical fruits (inedible peel)
available on the FAO website.



Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel 

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

1	Not Listed	--	Abiu	Euterpe oleracea Mart.	Not Listed	--

2	Not Listed	--	Aisen	Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.	Not Listed	--

3	Akee apple, FI 0325	Blighia sapida Koenig	Akee apple	Blighia sapida
K.D. Koenig	Not Listed	--

4	Not Listed	--	Atemoya	Annona cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L.	Not
Listed	--

5	Avocado, FI 0326	Persea americana Mill.,  	Avocado	Persea americana
Mill.,  	Avocado, Code number 0163010	Persea americana 

6	Not Listed	--	Avocado, Guatemalan	Persea americana Mill. var.
guatemalensis	Not Listed	--

7	Not Listed	--	Avocado, Mexican	Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia
(Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake	Not Listed	--

8	Not Listed	--	Avocado, West Indian	Persea americana var. americana	Not
Listed	--

9	Not Listed	--	Bacury	Platonia insignis Mart.	Not Listed	--

10	Not Listed	--	Bael fruit	Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa 	Not Listed	--

11	Banana, FI 0327	Musa spp. and hybrids	Banana	Musa spp. and hybrids
Banana, Code number 0163020	Musa x paradisica

12	Banana, dwarf, 

FI 0328	Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla	Banana, dwarf	Musa hybrids;
Musa acuminata Colla	Dwarf banana included in the Banana definition	--

13	Not Listed	--	Binjai	Mangifera caesia Jack	Not Listed	--

14	Not Listed	--	Biriba	Annona mucosa Jacq.	Not Listed	--

15	Breadfruit, FI 0329	Artocarpus communis J.R. et G. Forster	Breadfruit
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg	Bread fruit, Code number 0163090
Artocarpus altilis

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

16	Not Listed	--	Burmese grape	Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.	Not Listed	--

17	Canistel, FI 0330	Pouteria campechiana (HBK) Baehni	Canistel	Pouteria
campechiana (Kunth) Baehni	Canistel included in the American persimmon
definition	--

18	Not Listed	--	Cat's-eyes	Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp. malesianus
Leenh.	Not Listed	--

19	Not Listed	--	Champedak	Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.	Not Listed
--

20	Cherimoya, FB 0331	Annona cherimola Mill.	Cherimoya	Annona cherimola
Mill.	Cherimoya, Code number 0163060	Annona cherimola

21	Not Listed	--	Cupuacú	Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K.
Schum.	Not Listed	--

22	Custard apple, FI0332	Annona reticulata L.	Custard apple	Annona
reticulata L.	Custard apple included in the Cherimoya definition	--

23	Not Listed	--	Dragon fruit	Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
Not Listed	--

24	Durian, FI 0334	Durio zibethinus Murr.	Durian	Durio zibethinus L.
Durian, Code number 016100	Durio zibethinus

25	Elephant-apple, 

FI 0371	Feronia limonia (L.) Swing	Elephant-apple	Limonia acidissima L.
Not Listed	--

26	Not Listed	--	Etambe	Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.	Not Listed
--

27	Not Listed	--	Granadilla	Passiflora ligularis Juss.	Not Listed	--

28	Not Listed	--	Granadilla, Giant	Passiflora quadrangularis L.	Not
Listed	--

30	Ilama, FI 0337	Annona diversifolia Saff.	Ilama	Annona
macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.	Ilama included in the Cherimoya definition	--

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

31	Not Listed	--	Ingá	Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn.
Not Listed	--

32	Jackfruit, FI 0338	Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.	Jackfruit	Artocarpus
heterophyllus Lam.	Jackfruit ncluded in the Bread fruit definition	--

33	Not Listed	--	Jatobá	Hymenaea courbaril L.	Not Listed	--

34	Not Listed	--	Karuka	Pandanus julianettii Martelli	Not Listed	--

35	Not Listed	--	Kei apple	Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.	Not
Listed	--

36	Not Listed	--	Langsat	Lansium domesticum Corrêa	Not Listed	--

37	Not Listed	--	Lanjut	Mangifera lagenifera Griff.	Not Listed	--

38	Longan, FI 0342	Nephelium longana (Lam.) Camb.	Longan	Dimocarpus
longan Lour.	Not Listed	--

39	Not Listed	--	Lucuma	Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze	Not Listed
--

40	Litchi, FI 0343	Litchi chinensis Sonn.	Lychee	Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Lychee (Litchi), Code number0162020	Litchi chinensis

41	Not Listed	--	Mabolo	Diospyros blancoi A. DC.	Not Listed	--

42	Not Listed	--	Madras-thorn	Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.	Not
Listed	--

43	Mammy-apple, 

FI 0344	Mammea americana L.	Mammy-apple	Mammea americana L.	Not Listed
--

44	Not Listed	--	Manduro	Balanites maughamii Sprague	Not Listed	--

45	Mango, FI 0345	Mangifera indica L.	Mango	Mangifera indica L.	Mango,
Code number 0163030	Mangifera indica

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

46	Not Listed	--	Mango, horse	Mangifera foetida Lour.	Not Listed	--

47	Not Listed	--	Mango, Saipan	Mangifera odorata Griff.	Not Listed	--

48	Mangostan, FI 0346	Garcinia mangostana L.	Mangosteen	Garcinia
mangostana L.	Not Listed	--

49	Not Listed	--	Marang	Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco	Not Listed	--

50	Mamaladedos, FI 0347	Genipa americana L.,  	Marmalade-box	Genipa
americana L.,  	Not Listed	--

51	Not Listed	--	Matisia	Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl.	Not Listed	--

52	Not Listed	--	Mesquite	Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.	Not Listed	--

53	Not Listed	--	Mongongo (fruit)	Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz)
Radcl.-Sm	Not Listed	--

54	Not Listed	--	Monkey-bread-tree	Adansonia digitata L.	Not Listed	--

55	Not Listed	--	Monstera	Monstera deliciosa Liebm.	Not Listed	--

57	Not Listed	--	Nicobar-breadfruit	Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana	Not
Listed	--

58	Not Listed	--	Paho	Mangifera altissima Blanco	Not Listed	--

60	Not Listed	--	Pandanus	Pandanus utilis Bory	Not Listed	--

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

61	Papaya, FI 0350	Carica papaya L.	Papaya	Carica papaya L.	Papaya, Code
number 0163040	Carica papaya

62	Not Listed	--	Passionflower, Winged-stem	Passiflora alata Curtis	Not
Listed	--

63	Passionfruit, FI 0351	Passiflora edulis Sims	Passionfruit	Passiflora
edulis Sims	Passionfruit, Code number 0162030	Passiflora edulis

64	Not Listed	--	Passionfruit, Banana	Passiflora tripartita var.
mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.	Not Listed	--

65	Not Listed	--	Passionfruit, Purple	Passiflora edulis Sims forma
edulis	Not Listed	--

66	Not Listed	--	Passionfruit, Yellow	Passiflora edulis Sims forma
flavicarpa O. Deg.	Not Listed	--

67	Refers to papaya	--	Pawpaw	Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal	Not Listed	--

68	Not Listed	--	Pawpaw, Small-flower	Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal
Not Listed	--

69	Not Listed	--	Pelipisan	Mangifera casturi Kosterm.	Not Listed	--

70	Not Listed	--	Pequi	Caryocar brasiliense Cambess	Not Listed	--

71	Not Listed	--	Pequia	Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.	Not Listed	--

72	Persimmon, American, FI 0352	Diospyros virginiana L.	Persimmon,
American	Diospyros virginiana L.	Persimmon, American, Code number
0162060	Diospyros virginiana

73	Pineapple, FI 0353	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.	Pineapple	Ananas comosus
(L.) Merr.	Pineapple, Code number 0163080	Ananas comosus

74	Not Listed	--	Pitahaya	Hylocereus polyrhizus	Not Listed	--

75	Not Listed	--	Pitaya	Hylocereus sp.	Not Listed	--

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

76	Not Listed	--	Pitaya Amarilla	Hylocereus triangularis	Not Listed	--

77	Not Listed	--	Pitaya Roja	Hylocereus ocamponis	Not Listed	--

78	Not Listed	--	Pitaya, Yellow	Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex
Vaupel) Ralf Bauer	Not Listed	--

79	Plantain, FI 0354	Musa x paradisiaca L., var. sapientum (L.) Kuntze
Plantain	Musa x paradisiaca L.	Plantain included in the Banana
definition	--

80	Pomegranate, FI 0355	Punica granatum L.	Pomegranate	Punica granatum
L.	Pomegranate, Code number 0163050	Punica granatum

81	Not Listed	--	Poshte	Annona liebmanniana Baill.	Not Listed	--

82	Prickly pear, FI 0356	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Miller	Prickly
pear	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	Prickly pear, Code number 0162040
Opuntia ficus-indica

83	Not Listed	--	Prickly pear, Texas	Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex
Engelm. var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava	Not Listed	--

84	Pulasan	Nephelium mutabile Bl.	Pulasan	Nephelium ramboutan-ake
(Labill.) Leenh.	Pulasan included in the Lychee definition	---

85	Not Listed	--	Quandong	Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.	Not Listed	--

86	Rambutan, FI 0358	Nephelium lappaceum L.	Rambutan	Nephelium lappaceum
L.	Rambutan included in the Lychee definition

	87	Not Listed	--	Saguaro	Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose
Not Listed	--

89	Sapodilla	Manilkara archras (Mill.) Fosberg	Sapodilla	Manilkara
zapota (L.) P. Royen	Not Listed	--



Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

90	Sapote, black	Diospyros edebaster Retz.	Sapote, black	Diospyros
digyna Jacq.	Black sapote included in the American persimmon definition
--

91	Sapote, green	Calocarpum viridis Pitt.	Sapote, green	Pouteria viridis
(Pittier) Cronquist	Green sapote included in the American persimmon
definition	--

92	Sapote, mammey	Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr.	Sapote, mamey	Pouteria
sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn	Mammey sapote included in the
American persimmon definition	--

93	Sapote, white	Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex	Sapote, white	Casimiroa
edulis La Llave & Lex	White sapote included in the American persimmon
definition	--

94	Not Listed	--	Sataw	Parkia speciosa Hassk.	Not Listed	--

95	Not Listed	--	Satinleaf	Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.	Not Listed	--

96	Not Listed	--	Screw-pine	Pandanus tectorius Parkinson	Not Listed	--

97	Not Listed	--	Sierra Leone-tamarind	Dialium guineense Willd.	Not
Listed	--

98	Not Listed	--	Soncoya	Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal	Not
Listed	--

99	Soursop	Annona muricata L.	Soursop	Annona muricata L.	Soursop, Code
number 0163110	Annona muricata

100	Spanish lime	Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.	Spanish lime	Melicoccus
bijugatus Jacq.	Not Listed	--

101	Star apple	Chrysophyllum cainito L.	Star apple	Chrysophyllum cainito
L.	Star apple, Code number 0162050	Chrysophyllum cainito

102	Sugar apple	Annona squamosa L.	Sugar apple	Annona squamosa L.	Sugar
apple included in the Cherimoya definition	--

Table 3. Crop Group Comparisons, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
Inedible Peel (continued)

CODEX Crop Group 006, Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits –
inedible peel; proposed new US Crop Group and EU Crop List of Regulation
2 (1) (iv)    

Row #	Codex 	Proposed US 	EU Crop List or Regulation

	Commodity Name and Code	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name	

Commodity Name	

Botanical Name

103	Not Listed	--	Sun Sapote	Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch	Not
Listed	--

104	Not Listed	--	Tamarind-of-the-Indies	Dialium indum L.	Not Listed	--

105	Not Listed	--	Velvet Tamarind	Dialium indum L.,  	Not Listed	--

106	Not Listed	--	Wampi	Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels	Not Listed	--

107	Not Listed	--	White star apple	Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don	Not
Listed	--

108	Not Listed	--	Wild loquat	Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg.	Not Listed	--



ATTACHMENT 1. EXCEL SPREADSHEETS FOR SORTING SUBGROUPS



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Abiu	Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk	Sapotaceae	Florida; no yield
data is available 	sphere	5	12	523	314	0.6	Skin of mature fruit is
smooth, thin, tough, leathery	Smooth

Akee apple	Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig	Sapindaceae	Florida; no yield data
is available 	cylinder	2.5	10	196	196	1.0	The skin is smooth, shiny to
waxy and leathery	Smooth

Atemoya	Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.	Annonaceae	Florida,
Hawaii, Southern California; a commercial fruit in southern Florida
cylinder	5	20	1570	785	0.5	knobby rind; smooth to pointed U-shaped
areoles	Rough or Hairy

Avocado	Persea americana Mill.             	Lauraceae	California,
Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico	cylinder	7.5	33	5829	1908	0.3	skin is
thick, smooth or pebbled, thin or leathery	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Avocado, Guatemalan 	Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis	Lauraceae
Coastal California	sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	smooth or pebbled	Smooth

Avocado, Mexican	Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. &
Cham.) S. F. Blake 	Lauraceae	California; not suited to southern Florida
sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	smooth or pebbled	Smooth

Avocado, West Indian	Persea americana var. americana	Lauraceae	 No data
sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	smooth or pebbled	Smooth

Bacury 	Platonia insignis Mart.	Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)	No data 
sphere	7.5	15	1766	707	0.4	thick, tough, hard, smooth, leathery,
elastic, and exudes yellow, gummy, resinous latex when bruised	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Banana	Musa spp. and hybrids	Musaceae	Grown commercially in the U.S. in
Hawaii, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, with some small
plantings in south Florida, Texas and California	cylinder	2.5	30	589	510
0.9	The peel is smooth and thin.  	Smooth

Banana, dwarf	Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla	Musaceae	 No data
cylinder	1.5	25	177	250	1.4	The peel is smooth and thin.  	Smooth

Binjai	Mangifera caesia Jack	Anacardiaceae	No data 	cylinder	3.5	11	423
319	0.8	skin is very thin, smooth, glossy or slightly scaly	Smooth

Biriba	Annona mucosa Jacq.  	Annonaceae	Puerto Rico, South Florida; no
yield data is available 	sphere	10	20	4187	1256	0.3	The rind is 0.3
centimeter (0.125 inch) thick, leathery, tough, sometimes bumpy, and is
composed of hexagonal, conical segments that are tipped with a wart-like
or soft spine protrusion	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Breadfruit	Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg	Moraceae	Scattered
dooryard trees in Hawaii and South Florida.  Guam and the US Virgin
Islands 	sphere	15	45	31793	2826	0.1	rind may be smooth, rough, bumpy,
or contain sharp, black points or soft, green spines	Rough or Hairy

Canistel	Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni	Sapotaceae	Very minor
production in South Florida.  In 1994, 0.4 hectare (1 acre) was grown;
Puerto Rico; Hawaii; Southern California 	cylinder	2	12	151	176	1.2	peel
is smooth, waxy or glossy and thin	Smooth

Champedak	Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.	Moraceae	Hawaii	cylinder	7.5
35	6182	2002	0.3	sticky outer huck with spines	Rough or Hairy

Cherimoya	Annona cherimola Mill.	Annonaceae	California coastal areas,
Florida and to a limited extent in Hawaii; less than 40 hectares (100
acres) are grown in California 	cylinder	5	20	1570	785	0.5	The skin can
be thin to thick, smooth with fingerprint-like markings or rough with
conical or rounded protuberances; most with protuberances	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Cupuacú	Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.	Malvaceae
(also placed in Sterculiaceae)	No data 	cylinder	6	25	2826	1168	0.4
hard, smooth, woody 	Smooth

Custard apple	Annona reticulata L.	Annonaceae	Occasionally grown in
South Florida 	sphere	8	16	2144	804	0.4	The skin is thin, tough, and
faintly, moderately, or distinctly reticulated	Rough or Hairy

Dragon fruit	Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose	Cactaceae	Fruit is
grown commercially in the U.S. including Florida, California, Hawaii and
tropical American lowlands.  There are approximately 10 to 15 hectares
(25 to 37 acres) of dragon fruit in commercial production in Southern
California.  There is some commercial production in Hawaii 	cylinder	5.5
12	1140	604	0.5	The outside of the fruit is coated with fleshy ovate
bases of scales.	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Durian	Durio zibethinus L.	Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae,
Durionaceae)	Small plantings are developed in Hawaii 	cylinder	12.5	30
14719	3336	0.2	rind is fibrous, thick, tough, semi-woody, and densely
covered with coarse, stout, sharp, pyramidal spines	Rough or Hairy

Elephant-apple	Limonia acidissima L.	Rutaceae	Grown in California and
Florida for experimental purposes 	sphere	6.25	12.5	1022	491	0.5	rind is
hard, woody, scaly, dry, 	Rough or Hairy

Etambe	Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.	Anacardiaceae	No data
cylinder	2.5	6.5	128	141	1.1	thin with many tiny glands	Smooth

Granadilla	Passiflora ligularis Juss.	Passifloraceae	Hawaii	cylinder	3.5
8	308	253	0.8	smooth, thin, hard and brittle	Smooth

Granadilla, Giant	Passiflora quadrangularis L.	Passifloraceae	Hawaii;
grown occasionally in South Florida 	cylinder	7.5	30	5299	1766	0.3	Fruit
can be faintly ribbed or longitudinally 3-lobed	Smooth

Ilama	Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.	Annonaceae	It can be grown in
California, Florida, Puerto Rico and Hawaii.  Ilama production is rare
in the U.S 	sphere	7.5	15	1766	707	0.4	surface of the fruit is rough and
contains pronounced triangular protuberances	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Jackfruit	Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.	Moraceae	South Florida, Puerto
Rico and Hawaii 	cylinder	25	100	196250	19625	0.1	rind is thick,
rubbery, hard, pebbly and contains short, blunt spines	Rough or Hairy

Jatobá	Hymenaea courbaril L.	Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed
in Caesalpiniaceae)	Puerto Rico, Southern Florida 	cylinder	3.25	17	564
413	0.7	pod is dull, hard and woody	smooth

Karuka	Pandanus julianettii Martelli 	Pandanaceae	No data	sphere	22.5	6
47689	6359	0.1	wedge-shaped phlanges, peel is dry or hard	Rough or Hairy

Kei apple	Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.	Salicaceae (also
placed in Flacourtiaceae)	Florida, Southern California, Puerto Rico 
sphere	3	6	113	113	1.0	The skin is tough, thin, and velvety	Smooth

Langsat	Lansium domesticum Corrêa	Meliaceae	Puerto Rico, Hawaii 	sphere
2.5	5	65	79	1.2	leathery	Smooth

Lanjut	Mangifera lagenifera Griff.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cone	3.75	10
147	176	1.2	smooth	Smooth

Longan	Dimocarpus longan Lour.	Sapindaceae	Home gardens; Hawaii,
Florida, California; in 1994, Florida reported 81 hectares 	sphere	2	4
33	50	1.5	The skin is thin, fragile, leathery, crusty and pebbly to
almost smooth with a honeycomb pattern	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Lucuma	Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze	Sapotaceae	Florida, Hawaii,
Southern California 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	skin is thin, delicate,
smooth	Smooth

Mabolo 	Diospyros blancoi A. DC.	Ebenaceae	in experimental gardens in
Florida, Hawaii, and the Caribbean 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	skin is
velvety, thin, pliable and tough; tough and papery when chewed; short
hairs	Smooth

Mammy-apple   	Mammea americana L.	Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)	Minor
crop production in South Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands 	sphere	10	15	4187	1256	0.3	The skin is leathery, bitter
and rough.  Skin contains small, scattered, warty or scurfy areas	Rough
or Hairy

Mango	Mangifera indica L.	Anacardiaceae	Florida, southern California,
Hawaii, Puerto Rico	cylinder	6	30	3391	1356	0.4	skin is waxy, smooth,
thick, leathery and inedible; skin can contain a powdery bloom	Smooth

Mango, horse	Mangifera foetida Lour.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	6	16
1809	829	0.5	smooth	Smooth

Mango, Saipan	Mangifera odorata Griff.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	5
13	1021	565	0.6	Skin is thick, tough, and can be spotted with dark brown
or yellow lenticels.	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Mangosteen	Garcinia mangostana L.	Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)	There are
a few small plantings in Puerto Rico, South Florida, and Hawaii 	sphere
4	8	268	201	0.8	fruit skin is smooth, dense, bitter, leathery, soft to
woody, tough	Smooth

Marang	Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco	Moraceae	Hawaii	cylinder	6.5	16
2123	918	0.4	rind is thick, fleshy, and is covered with short brittle
spines and protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Marmalade-box	Genipa americana L.	Rubiaceae	Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, Southern Florida 	cylinder	4.5	15	954	551	0.6	skin is thin,
leathery, and scurfy	Rough or Hairy

Monkey-bread-tree  	Adansonia digitata L. 	Malvaceae (also placed in
Bombacaceae)	No data	cylinder	10	54	16956	4019	0.2	The fruit shell is
hard, woody, covered with velvety yellowish hairs	Rough or Hairy

Monstera	Monstera deliciosa Liebm.	Araceae	Hawaii, California, South
Florida 	cylinder	4	30	1507	854	0.6	The rind is thick, hard, and made up
of hexagonal scales that cover the individual segments.	Rough or Hairy

Muriti	Mauritia flexuosa L.f.	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	No data	cylinder
2.5	7	137	149	1.1	fruit is covered with hard, shiny, brownish-red scales
Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Nicobar-breadfruit	Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana	Pandanaceae	No data
sphere	22.5	15	47689	6359	0.1	>1,000 phlanges	Rough or Hairy

Paho	Mangifera altissima Blanco	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	3	8	226
207	0.9	smooth and glossy	Smooth

Palmyra palm	Borassus flabellifer L.	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	Southern
Florida, Hawaii; no yield data is available 	sphere	7.5	15	1766	707	0.4
outer covering of the fruit is smooth, thin, leathery and brown	Smooth

Pandanus	Pandanus utilis Bory	Pandanaceae	Florida, Southern California
sphere	15.25	30.5	14848	2921	0.2	wedge-shaped phlanges 	Rough or Hairy

Papaya	Carica papaya L.	Caricaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam,
US Virgin Islands; Florida produces fruits for the local market; Hawaii
is the main producer for the U.S.	cylinder	15	45	31793	5652	0.2	smooth
Smooth

Passionflower, Winged-stem	Passiflora alata Curtis	Passifloraceae	No
data	cylinder	5	15	1178	628	0.5	smooth	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Passionfruit	Passiflora edulis Sims	Passifloraceae	Hawaii, Florida,
California, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, Western Samoa	sphere
4.5	9	382	254	0.7	smooth	Smooth

Passionfruit, Banana	Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth)
Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.	Passifloraceae	Hawaii, California 	cylinder	2	12
151	176	1.2	smooth	Smooth

Passionfruit, Purple	Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis	Passifloraceae
widely grown in California as far north as San Jose, the Monterey Bay
Area and the San Francisco Bay Area	sphere	4.5	9	382	254	0.7	smooth
Smooth

Passionfruit, Yellow	Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg.
Passifloraceae	 Hawaii	cylinder	4.5	12	763	466	0.6	smooth	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Pawpaw	Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal	Annonaceae	Northeastern;
North-central;  Southeastern; South-Central and Pacific Northwest. 
Yields are often low.	cylinder	5	15	1178	628	0.5	smooth	Smooth

Pelipisan	Mangifera casturi Kosterm.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	3
7.2	203	192	0.9	smooth and glossy	Smooth

Pequi	Caryocar brasiliense Cambess	Caryocaraceae	No data	cylinder	3	8
226	207	0.9	smooh	Smooth

Pequia	Caryocar villosum(Aubl.) Pers.	Caryocaraceae	No data	cylinder	4.5
8	509	353	0.7	smooth	Smooth

Persimmon, American	Diospyros virginiana L.	Ebenaceae	Northeastern U.S.;
North central; Southeastern; and South-Central U.S.	sphere	2.55	5.1	69
82	1.2	smooth	Smooth

Pineapple	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.	Bromeliaceae	Hawaii, Puerto Rico,
Guam, Virgin Islands 	sphere	15	60	14130	2826	0.2	rough	Rough or Hairy

Pitahaya	Hylocereus polyrhizus	Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8	157	165
1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Pitaya	Hylocereus sp. Including H. megalanthus, H. ocamponis and H.
polychizus	Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8	157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or
Hairy

Pitaya Amarilla	Hylocereus triangularis	Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8
157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy

Pitaya Roja	Hylocereus ocamponis	Cactaceae	Puerto Rico 	cylinder	2.5	8
157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy

Pitaya, Yellow	Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer
Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8	157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy

Plantain	Musa x paradisiaca  L.	Musaceae	Plantains are produced in
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands; some production occurs in Florida
cylinder	2.5	30	589	510	0.9	smooth	Smooth

Pomegranate	Punica granatum L.	Lythraceae (also placed in Punicaceae)
Hawaii, California, Arizona, Florida	sphere	6	13	904	452	0.5	smooth
Smooth

Poshte	Annona liebmanniana Baill.	Annonaceae	Experimental species grown
in Florida 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	raised edges that form a hexagon
Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Prickly pear	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	Cactaceae	California,
Arizona, Texas, Hawaii; grown widely in home gardens and widely
cultivated and naturalized in small commercial plantings in southwestern
and southern U.S	cylinder	4.5	10	636	410	0.6	spines and glochids	Rough
or Hairy

Prickly pear, Texas	Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var.
lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava	Cactaceae	Oklahoma,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, California,
Arizona, and Texas 	cylinder	3	9	254	226	0.9	spines and glochids	Rough
or Hairy

Pulasan	Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.	Sapindaceae	extreme
South Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico	cylinder	3	7.5	212	198	0.9	thick,
leathery covered with short thick fleshy stubby straight spines	Rough or
Hairy

Quandong	Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.	Santalaceae	No data	sphere	2.5
5	65	79	1.2	smooth	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Rambutan	Nephelium lappaceum L.	Sapindaceae	Hawaii	cylinder	2	8	100	126
1.3	covered with long, curling soft spines or tubercles and long,
fleshy, soft, rigid, red, pinkish or yellow spine/hair	Rough or Hairy

Saguaro	Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose	Cactaceae
Southwestern; US.  Grown from extreme southeastern California east to
south central Arizona and south into northern Sonora 	cylinder	4	10	502
352	0.7	skin is spiny	Rough or Hairy

Salak	Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	No data
sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	scales with spines	Rough or Hairy



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Sapodilla	Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen	Sapotaceae	Florida (12 hectares
(30 acres)-1995), Guam, Hawaii (2 growers, 11 trees and 0.4 hectares (1
acre)), southern California, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. 
Florida produces annual yields of 20 to 30 tonnes (22 to 33 tons) per
hectare 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	rough covered with light brown scruf
Rough or Hairy

Sapote, black	Diospyros digyna Jacq.	Ebenaceae	Minor Production in
Florida (0.4 hectare (1 acre)), Hawaii, Puerto Rico 	sphere	6.25	15	1022
491	0.5	skin is shinny, smooth, thin	Smooth

Sapote, green	Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist	Sapotaceae	Home
gardens 	cylinder	4	20	1005	603	0.6	thin, smooth, glossy	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Sapote, mamey	Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn	Sapotaceae
South Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico	cylinder	6	23	2600	1093	0.4	peel is
rough, leathery, semi woody, scurfy	Rough or Hairy

Sapote, white	Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex	Rutaceae	California,
Florida, Hawaii 	cylinder	5.5	12	1140	604	0.5	thin, papery, smooth,
inedible	Smooth

Sataw	Parkia speciosa Hassk.	Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); also placed in
Mimosaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	55	1079	903	0.8	pods are large, straight
to twisted, swollen over seeds	Smooth

Screw-pine	Pandanus tectorius Parkinson	Pandanaceae	Hawaii; American
Samoa	sphere	2.55	5.1	69	82	1.2	wedge-shaped phlanges, peel is dry or
hard	Rough or Hairy

Soncoya	Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal	Annonaceae	Puerto Rico 
sphere	10	20	4187	1256	0.3	skin coated with brown felt, protuberances
tipped with a curved hook	Rough or Hairy

Soursop	Annona muricata L.	Annonaceae	Puerto Rico, Florida, Hawaii
cylinder	7.5	35	6182	2002	0.3	thin, fragile, leathery, tender, bitter,
covered in recurred, stubby or elongated soft spines	Rough or Hairy

Star apple	Chrysophyllum cainito L.	Sapotaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Puerto
Rico	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	peel is inedible, thick, rubbery, glossy,
smooth, leathery	Smooth



Table 1.  All Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Sugar apple	Annona squamosa L.	Annonaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	thick rind with knobby
protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Sun Sapote	Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch	Chrysobalanaceae	Florida,
Hawaii 	cylinder	7	20	3077	1187	0.4	thin, warty, fibrous and covered
with white lenticels	Rough or Hairy

Tamarind-of-the-Indies	Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.	Rubiaceae
No data	sphere	2.25	 	48	64	1.3	skin is smooth, shiny and tough	Smooth

Wild loquat	Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg.	Phyllanthaceae; (also placed in
Euphorbiaceae, Uapacaceae)	No data	cylinder	2	4	50	75	1.5	skin is tough,
finely haired when young and smooth when ripe	Smooth



Table 2.  Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted
by Texture

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Lychee	Litchi chinensis Sonn.	Sapindaceae	Florida, Hawaii, California,
Texas.  Florida is the largest producer of lychee	cylinder	1.25	4	20	41
2.1	skin is thin, hard, fragile, leathery, warty, and covered with
angular protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Ingá 	Inga vera Willd. Subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn.	Fabaceae (alt.
Leguminosae) (also placed in Mimosaceae	No data 	cylinder	1	12	38	82	2.2
The skin of the fruit is dense-pubescent	Rough or Hairy

Mongongo	Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm 	Euphorbiaceae	No
data	cylinder	1.25	3.5	17	37	2.2	 fuzzy, inedible peel	Rough or Hairy

Manduro	Balanites maughamii Sprague	Zygophyllaceae (also placed in
Balanitaceae)	No data	cylinder	1	8	25	57	2.3	The skin is firm, thin,
hairy, and brittle at maturity	Rough or Hairy

Sierra Leone-tamarind	Dialium guineense Willd.	Fabaceae (alt.
Leguminosae); (also placed in Caesalpiniaceae)	No data	sphere	1.25	2.5	8
20	2.4	densely velvety	Rough or Hairy

Velvet Tamarind	Dialium indum L.	Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also
placed in Caesalpiniaceae)	No data	cylinder	1	4	13	31	2.5	pod is thin,
brittle and covered in black velvet	Rough or Hairy



Table 2.  Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted
by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Aisen	Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.	Capparaceae (also placed in
Brassicaceae)	No data 	sphere	0.75	 	2	7	4.0	Skin is hard and slightly
pubescent.  After being husked, the pea-like berry is consumed.	Rough or
Hairy

Guriri	Allagoptera arenaria (Gomes) Kuntze	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	No
data	cylinder	0.65	2	3	11	4.1	rought texture in google image pictures
Rough or Hairy

Satinleaf	Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.	Sapotaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Puerto
Rico 	cylinder	0.5	2	2	8	5.0	skin is gummy or rubbery and secretes a
white milky sap when cut	Rough or Hairy

Matisia	Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl.	Malvaceae (also placed in
Bombacaceae)	Florida	sphere	7	14	1436	63435	44.2	thick, leathery, downy
and elastic	Rough or Hairy

Burmese grape	Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.	Phyllanthaceae (also placed in
Euphorbiaceae)	No data 	sphere	1.75	 	22	38	1.7	round or oval with a
smooth skin	Smooth

White star apple	Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don	Sapotaceae	No data	sphere
1.7	3.4	21	36	1.8	skin is smooth and sometimes speckled	Smooth



Table 2.  Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted
by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Pawpaw, Small-flower	Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal	Annonaceae
southeastern U.S. including North Carolina, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia;
South-Central U.S. including Texas 	sphere	1.27	2.54	9	20	2.4	smooth
Smooth

Wampi	Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels	Rutaceae	Hawaii; experimental
plants in Florida and Puerto Rico 	sphere	1.25	2.5	8	20	2.4	The rind is
thin, pliable, sometimes brittle and papery, tough, leathery, oily,
resinous, minutely hairy, soft, and is dotted with tiny, raised, brown
oil glands	Smooth



Table 2.  Small Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel - Sorted
by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Mesquite	Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.	Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); (also
placed in Mimosaceae)	Hawaii, Southern U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin
Islands 	cylinder	0.85	30	68	165	2.4	thick, leathery, several-seeded,
constricted between the seeds	Smooth

Madras-thorn	Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.	Fabaceae (alt.
Leguminosae); (also placed in Mimosaceae)	Southern Florida (weedy),
Puerto Rico (weedy), Hawaii (weedy), coasts of California, U.S. Virgin
Islands, Southwest U.S	cylinder	0.75	20	35	98	2.8	The pod splits along
both margins, is swollen, constricted between the seeds, and slightly
hairy.  	Smooth

Cat's-eyes	Dimocarpus longan Lour. Subsp. malesianus Leenh.	Sapindaceae
No data 	sphere	1	2	4	13	3.0	most common form of the fruit is brown,
round and smooth	Smooth

Spanish lime	Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.	Sapindaceae	Puerto Rico,
Florida, Hawaii 	sphere	1	4	4	13	3.0	short, sharp protrusion tip of
fruit, skin is smooth, thin, leathery and brittle	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Bael fruit	Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa	Rutaceae	Florida; no yield data
is available 	cylinder	2.5	20	65	353	5.4	thick, hard, brittle, smooth,
tough, woody shell with oil glands	Smooth

Atemoya	Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.	Annonaceae	Florida,
Hawaii, Southern California; a commercial fruit in southern Florida
cylinder	5	20	1570	785	0.5	knobby rind; smooth to pointed U-shaped
areoles	Rough or Hairy

Biriba	Annona mucosa Jacq.  	Annonaceae	Puerto Rico, South Florida; no
yield data is available 	sphere	10	20	4187	1256	0.3	The rind is 0.3
centimeter (0.125 inch) thick, leathery, tough, sometimes bumpy, and is
composed of hexagonal, conical segments that are tipped with a wart-like
or soft spine protrusion	Rough or Hairy

Breadfruit	Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg	Moraceae	Scattered
dooryard trees in Hawaii and South Florida.  Guam and the US Virgin
Islands 	sphere	15	45	31793	2826	0.1	rind may be smooth, rough, bumpy,
or contain sharp, black points or soft, green spines	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Champedak	Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.	Moraceae	Hawaii	cylinder	7.5
35	6182	2002	0.3	sticky outer huck with spines	Rough or Hairy

Cherimoya	Annona cherimola Mill.	Annonaceae	California coastal areas,
Florida and to a limited extent in Hawaii; less than 40 hectares (100
acres) are grown in California 	cylinder	5	20	1570	785	0.5	The skin can
be thin to thick, smooth with fingerprint-like markings or rough with
conical or rounded protuberances; most with protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Custard apple	Annona reticulata L.	Annonaceae	Occasionally grown in
South Florida 	sphere	8	16	2144	804	0.4	The skin is thin, tough, and
faintly, moderately, or distinctly reticulated	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Dragon fruit	Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose	Cactaceae	Fruit is
grown commercially in the U.S. including Florida, California, Hawaii and
tropical American lowlands.  There are approximately 10 to 15 hectares
(25 to 37 acres) of dragon fruit in commercial production in Southern
California.  There is some commercial production in Hawaii 	cylinder	5.5
12	1140	604	0.5	The outside of the fruit is coated with fleshy ovate
bases of scales.	Rough or Hairy

Durian	Durio zibethinus L.	Malvaceae (also placed in Bombacaceae,
Durionaceae)	Small plantings are developed in Hawaii 	cylinder	12.5	30
14719	3336	0.2	rind is fibrous, thick, tough, semi-woody, and densely
covered with coarse, stout, sharp, pyramidal spines	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Elephant-apple	Limonia acidissima L.	Rutaceae	Grown in California and
Florida for experimental purposes 	sphere	6.25	12.5	1022	491	0.5	rind is
hard, woody, scaly, dry, 	Rough or Hairy

Ilama	Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.	Annonaceae	It can be grown in
California, Florida, Puerto Rico and Hawaii.  Ilama production is rare
in the U.S 	sphere	7.5	15	1766	707	0.4	surface of the fruit is rough and
contains pronounced triangular protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Jackfruit	Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.	Moraceae	South Florida, Puerto
Rico and Hawaii 	cylinder	25	100	196250	19625	0.1	rind is thick,
rubbery, hard, pebbly and contains short, blunt spines	Rough or Hairy

Karuka	Pandanus julianettii Martelli 	Pandanaceae	No data	sphere	22.5	6
47689	6359	0.1	wedge-shaped phlanges, peel is dry or hard	Rough or Hairy

Longan	Dimocarpus longan Lour.	Sapindaceae	Home gardens; Hawaii,
Florida, California; in 1994, Florida reported 81 hectares 	sphere	2	4
33	50	1.5	The skin is thin, fragile, leathery, crusty and pebbly to
almost smooth with a honeycomb pattern	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Mammy-apple   	Mammea americana L.	Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)	Minor
crop production in South Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands 	sphere	10	15	4187	1256	0.3	The skin is leathery, bitter
and rough.  Skin contains small, scattered, warty or scurfy areas	Rough
or Hairy

Marang	Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco	Moraceae	Hawaii	cylinder	6.5	16
2123	918	0.4	rind is thick, fleshy, and is covered with short brittle
spines and protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Marmalade-box	Genipa americana L.	Rubiaceae	Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, Southern Florida 	cylinder	4.5	15	954	551	0.6	skin is thin,
leathery, and scurfy	Rough or Hairy

Monkey-bread-tree  	Adansonia digitata L. 	Malvaceae (also placed in
Bombacaceae)	No data	cylinder	10	54	16956	4019	0.2	The fruit shell is
hard, woody, covered with velvety yellowish hairs	Rough or Hairy

Monstera	Monstera deliciosa Liebm.	Araceae	Hawaii, California, South
Florida 	cylinder	4	30	1507	854	0.6	The rind is thick, hard, and made up
of hexagonal scales that cover the individual segments.	Rough or Hairy

Muriti	Mauritia flexuosa L.f.	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	No data	cylinder
2.5	7	137	149	1.1	fruit is covered with hard, shiny, brownish-red scales
Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Nicobar-breadfruit	Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana	Pandanaceae	No data
sphere	22.5	15	47689	6359	0.1	>1,000 phlanges	Rough or Hairy

Pandanus	Pandanus utilis Bory	Pandanaceae	Florida, Southern California
sphere	15.25	30.5	14848	2921	0.2	wedge-shaped phlanges 	Rough or Hairy

Pineapple	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.	Bromeliaceae	Hawaii, Puerto Rico,
Guam, Virgin Islands 	sphere	15	60	14130	2826	0.2	rough	Rough or Hairy

Pitahaya	Hylocereus polyrhizus	Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8	157	165
1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy

Pitaya	Hylocereus sp. Including H. megalanthus, H. ocamponis and H.
polychizus	Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8	157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or
Hairy

Pitaya Amarilla	Hylocereus triangularis	Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8
157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy

Pitaya Roja	Hylocereus ocamponis	Cactaceae	Puerto Rico 	cylinder	2.5	8
157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy

Pitaya, Yellow	Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer
Cactaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	8	157	165	1.1	knobby	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Poshte	Annona liebmanniana Baill.	Annonaceae	Experimental species grown
in Florida 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	raised edges that form a hexagon
Rough or Hairy

Prickly pear	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	Cactaceae	California,
Arizona, Texas, Hawaii; grown widely in home gardens and widely
cultivated and naturalized in small commercial plantings in southwestern
and southern U.S	cylinder	4.5	10	636	410	0.6	spines and glochids	Rough
or Hairy

Prickly pear, Texas	Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var.
lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava	Cactaceae	Oklahoma,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, California,
Arizona, and Texas 	cylinder	3	9	254	226	0.9	spines and glochids	Rough
or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Pulasan	Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.	Sapindaceae	extreme
South Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico	cylinder	3	7.5	212	198	0.9	thick,
leathery covered with short thick fleshy stubby straight spines	Rough or
Hairy

Rambutan	Nephelium lappaceum L.	Sapindaceae	Hawaii	cylinder	2	8	100	126
1.3	covered with long, curling soft spines or tubercles and long,
fleshy, soft, rigid, red, pinkish or yellow spine/hair	Rough or Hairy

Saguaro	Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose	Cactaceae
Southwestern United States (Arizona, California).  Grown from extreme
southeastern California east to south central Arizona and south into
northern Sonora 	cylinder	4	10	502	352	0.7	skin is spiny	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Salak	Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	No data
sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	scales with spines	Rough or Hairy

Sapodilla	Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen	Sapotaceae	Florida (12 hectares
(30 acres)-1995), Guam, Hawaii (2 growers, 11 trees and 0.4 hectares (1
acre)), southern California, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. 
Florida produces annual yields of 20 to 30 tonnes (22 to 33 tons) per
hectare 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	rough covered with light brown scruf
Rough or Hairy

Sapote, mamey	Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn	Sapotaceae
South Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico	cylinder	6	23	2600	1093	0.4	peel is
rough, leathery, semi woody, scurfy	Rough or Hairy

Screw-pine	Pandanus tectorius Parkinson	Pandanaceae	Hawaii; American
Samoa	sphere	2.55	5.1	69	82	1.2	wedge-shaped phlanges, peel is dry or
hard	Rough or Hairy



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Soncoya	Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal	Annonaceae	Puerto Rico 
sphere	10	20	4187	1256	0.3	skin coated with brown felt, protuberances
tipped with a curved hook	Rough or Hairy

Soursop	Annona muricata L.	Annonaceae	Puerto Rico, Florida, Hawaii
cylinder	7.5	35	6182	2002	0.3	thin, fragile, leathery, tender, bitter,
covered in recurred, stubby or elongated soft spines	Rough or Hairy

Sugar apple	Annona squamosa L.	Annonaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	thick rind with knobby
protuberances	Rough or Hairy

Sun Sapote	Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch	Chrysobalanaceae	Florida,
Hawaii 	cylinder	7	20	3077	1187	0.4	thin, warty, fibrous and covered
with white lenticels	Rough or Hairy

Abiu	Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk	Sapotaceae	Florida; no yield
data is available 	sphere	5	12	523	314	0.6	Skin of mature fruit is
smooth, thin, tough, leathery	Smooth

Akee apple	Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig	Sapindaceae	Florida; no yield data
is available 	cylinder	2.5	10	196	196	1.0	The skin is smooth, shiny to
waxy and leathery	Smooth

Avocado	Persea americana Mill.             	Lauraceae	California,
Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico	cylinder	7.5	33	5829	1908	0.3	skin is
thick, smooth or pebbled, thin or leathery	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Avocado, Guatemalan 	Persea americana Mill. var. guatemalensis	Lauraceae
Coastal California	sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	smooth or pebbled	Smooth

Avocado, Mexican	Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. &
Cham.) S. F. Blake 	Lauraceae	California; not suited to southern Florida
sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	smooth or pebbled	Smooth

Avocado, West Indian	Persea americana var. americana	Lauraceae	 No data
sphere	2.5	5	65	79	1.2	smooth or pebbled	Smooth

Bacury 	Platonia insignis Mart.	Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)	No data 
sphere	7.5	15	1766	707	0.4	thick, tough, hard, smooth, leathery,
elastic, and exudes yellow, gummy, resinous latex when bruised	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Banana	Musa spp. and hybrids	Musaceae	Grown commercially in the U.S. in
Hawaii, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, with some small
plantings in south Florida, Texas and California	cylinder	2.5	30	589	510
0.9	The peel is smooth and thin.  	Smooth

Banana, dwarf	Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla	Musaceae	 No data
cylinder	1.5	25	177	250	1.4	The peel is smooth and thin.  	Smooth

Binjai	Mangifera caesia Jack	Anacardiaceae	No data 	cylinder	3.5	11	423
319	0.8	skin is very thin, smooth, glossy or slightly scaly	Smooth

Canistel	Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni	Sapotaceae	Very minor
production in South Florida.  In 1994, 0.4 hectare (1 acre) was grown;
Puerto Rico; Hawaii; Southern California 	cylinder	2	12	151	176	1.2	peel
is smooth, waxy or glossy and thin	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Cupuacú	Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.	Malvaceae
(also placed in Sterculiaceae)	No data 	cylinder	6	25	2826	1168	0.4
hard, smooth, woody 	Smooth

Etambe	Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.	Anacardiaceae	No data
cylinder	2.5	6.5	128	141	1.1	thin with many tiny glands	Smooth

Granadilla	Passiflora ligularis Juss.	Passifloraceae	Hawaii	cylinder	3.5
8	308	253	0.8	smooth, thin, hard and brittle	Smooth

Granadilla, Giant	Passiflora quadrangularis L.	Passifloraceae	Hawaii;
grown occasionally in South Florida 	cylinder	7.5	30	5299	1766	0.3	Fruit
can be faintly ribbed or longitudinally 3-lobed	Smooth

Jatobá	Hymenaea courbaril L.	Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae) (also placed
in Caesalpiniaceae)	Puerto Rico, Southern Florida 	cylinder	3.25	17	564
413	0.7	pod is dull, hard and woody	smooth

Kei apple	Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.	Salicaceae (also
placed in Flacourtiaceae)	Florida, Southern California, Puerto Rico 
sphere	3	6	113	113	1.0	The skin is tough, thin, and velvety	Smooth

Langsat	Lansium domesticum Corrêa	Meliaceae	Puerto Rico, Hawaii 	sphere
2.5	5	65	79	1.2	leathery	Smooth

Lanjut	Mangifera lagenifera Griff.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cone	3.75	10
147	176	1.2	smooth	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Lucuma	Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze	Sapotaceae	Florida, Hawaii,
Southern California 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	skin is thin, delicate,
smooth	Smooth

Mabolo 	Diospyros blancoi A. DC.	Ebenaceae	experimental gardens in
Florida, Hawaii, and the Caribbean 	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	skin is
velvety, thin, pliable and tough; tough and papery when chewed; short
hairs	Smooth

Mango	Mangifera indica L.	Anacardiaceae	Florida, southern California,
Hawaii, Puerto Rico	cylinder	6	30	3391	1356	0.4	skin is waxy, smooth,
thick, leathery and inedible; skin can contain a powdery bloom	Smooth

Mango, horse	Mangifera foetida Lour.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	6	16
1809	829	0.5	smooth	Smooth

Mango, Saipan	Mangifera odorata Griff.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	5
13	1021	565	0.6	Skin is thick, tough, and can be spotted with dark brown
or yellow lenticels.	Smooth

Mangosteen	Garcinia mangostana L.	Clusiaceae (alt. Guttiferae)	There are
a few small plantings in Puerto Rico, South Florida, and Hawaii 	sphere
4	8	268	201	0.8	fruit skin is smooth, dense, bitter, leathery, soft to
woody, tough	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Paho	Mangifera altissima Blanco	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	3	8	226
207	0.9	smooth and glossy	Smooth

Palmyra palm	Borassus flabellifer L.	Arecaceae (alt. Palmae)	Southern
Florida, Hawaii; no yield data is available 	sphere	7.5	15	1766	707	0.4
outer covering of the fruit is smooth, thin, leathery and brown	Smooth

Papaya	Carica papaya L.	Caricaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam,
US Virgin Islands; Florida produces fruits for the local market; Hawaii
is the main producer for the U.S.	cylinder	15	45	31793	5652	0.2	smooth
Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Passionflower, Winged-stem	Passiflora alata Curtis	Passifloraceae	No
data	cylinder	5	15	1178	628	0.5	smooth	Smooth

Passionfruit	Passiflora edulis Sims	Passifloraceae	Hawaii, Florida,
California, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, Western Samoa	sphere
4.5	9	382	254	0.7	smooth	Smooth

Passionfruit, Banana	Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth)
Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.	Passifloraceae	Hawaii, California 	cylinder	2	12
151	176	1.2	smooth	Smooth

Passionfruit, Purple	Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis	Passifloraceae
widely grown in California as far north as San Jose, the Monterey Bay
Area and the San Francisco Bay Area	sphere	4.5	9	382	254	0.7	smooth
Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Passionfruit, Yellow	Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg.
Passifloraceae	 Hawaii	cylinder	4.5	12	763	466	0.6	smooth	Smooth

Pawpaw	Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal	Annonaceae	Northeastern;
North-central;  Southeastern; South-Central and Pacific Northwest. 
Yields are often low.	cylinder	5	15	1178	628	0.5	smooth	Smooth

Pelipisan	Mangifera casturi Kosterm.	Anacardiaceae	No data	cylinder	3
7.2	203	192	0.9	smooth and glossy	Smooth

Pequi	Caryocar brasiliense Cambess	Caryocaraceae	No data	cylinder	3	8
226	207	0.9	smooh	Smooth

Pequia	Caryocar villosum(Aubl.) Pers.	Caryocaraceae	No data	cylinder	4.5
8	509	353	0.7	smooth	Smooth

Persimmon, American	Diospyros virginiana L.	Ebenaceae	Northeastern U.S.;
North central; Southeastern; and South-Central U.S.	sphere	2.55	5.1	69
82	1.2	smooth	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Plantain	Musa x paradisiaca  L.	Musaceae	Plantains are produced in
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands; some production occurs in Florida
cylinder	2.5	30	589	510	0.9	smooth	Smooth

Pomegranate	Punica granatum L.	Lythraceae (also placed in Punicaceae)
Hawaii, California, Arizona, Florida	sphere	6	13	904	452	0.5	smooth
Smooth

Quandong	Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.	Santalaceae	No data	sphere	2.5
5	65	79	1.2	smooth	Smooth

Sapote, black	Diospyros digyna Jacq.	Ebenaceae	Minor Production in
Florida (0.4 hectare (1 acre)), Hawaii, Puerto Rico 	sphere	6.25	15	1022
491	0.5	skin is shinny, smooth, thin	Smooth

Sapote, green	Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist	Sapotaceae	Home
gardens 	cylinder	4	20	1005	603	0.6	thin, smooth, glossy	Smooth

Sapote, white	Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex	Rutaceae	California,
Florida, Hawaii 	cylinder	5.5	12	1140	604	0.5	thin, papery, smooth,
inedible	Smooth

Sataw	Parkia speciosa Hassk.	Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae); also placed in
Mimosaceae	No data	cylinder	2.5	55	1079	903	0.8	pods are large, straight
to twisted, swollen over seeds	Smooth



Table 3.  Medium to Large Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
- Sorted by Texture (continued)

Common Name	Scientific Name	Family	Production US	Shape	Max Radius (cm)
Max Height (cm)	Est Vol (cm3)	Est Surface Area (cm2)	SA : M	Texture
Description	Peel Texture

Star apple	Chrysophyllum cainito L.	Sapotaceae	Florida, Hawaii, Puerto
Rico	sphere	5	10	523	314	0.6	peel is inedible, thick, rubbery, glossy,
smooth, leathery	Smooth

Tamarind-of-the-Indies	Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.	Rubiaceae
No data	sphere	2.25	 	48	64	1.3	skin is smooth, shiny and tough	Smooth

Wild loquat	Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg.	Phyllanthaceae; (also placed in
Euphorbiaceae, Uapacaceae)	No data	cylinder	2	4	50	75	1.5	skin is tough,
finely haired when young and smooth when ripe	Smooth



ATTACHMENT 2. SYMPOSIUM PROPOSAL 

Tropical/Subtropical Tree and Small Fruits

(Edible and Inedible Peels) 

													

Workgroup # 4

													

IR-4/USDA Crop Grouping Symposium

7-8 October 2002

Arlington, Virginia

													

Chair: Michael Braverman

Co-Chairs: Jonathan Crane, Nancy Dodd, Will Donovan, Edith Lurvey, Maria
Rodriguez

													

Workgroup #4’s mission was to review, evaluate and validate the
established Crop Group #10, and the proposed Crop Groups D, E and M to
include additional Crops.

													 

Note: The established Crop Groups reflected the US EPA’s 40 CFR
180.41, Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency’s
Directive 98-02, and Mexico’s crop Grouping System which are
identical.



Proposed Crop Group D: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits – Edible Peel

Current Crop Group

US = Miscellaneous      Canada = None      Codex = FT      Mexico = None

Author’s Commodity List (Greenbook)

Greenbook monograph number follows the crop name	Validation:

Yes or No

Acerola (003)         JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY*	Y

Ambarella (017)     INEDIBLE PEEL. AVOCADO, BANANA, PAPAYA	NO.

MOVE TO CG E

Blimbe (075)          GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Carob bean (127)   FIG	Y

Cashew apple (130)    GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus  jujuba Mill.) (305, 306)    JUJUBE OR SURINAM
CHERRY	Y

Date (220)        FIG	Y

Fig (243)           FIG	Y

Guava (273)     GUAVA	Y

Imbu (294)       GUAVA/PERSIMMON 	Y

Jaboticaba (298)       JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Y

Jujube (305, 306)     JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Y

Jujube/Indian (306)  JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Y

Natal plum (402)      GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Olive (418)  (MOVE TO OILSEED)	NO

Otaheite gooseberry (431)    JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Y

Papaya/Mountain (438)        PAPAYA	Y

Pejibaye-Peach palm (Guilielma gasipaes=Bactris gasipaes) (432)   FIG	Y

Persimmon (468)    GUAVA	Y

Pomerac (487)        GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Purple mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) (017)    JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Y

Rose apple (514)          GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Sentul (541)                  GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Starfruit (578)               GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Surinam cherry (589)   GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) (017)    GUAVA/PERSIMMON	Y

See Work sheets for additions to proposed Crop Group D

*Caps (crops) signify the representative crop(s) associated with the
entry.

Proposed Subgroups for Group D

WENT CROP BY CROP (ABOVE) AND ADDED TO GROUP

Proposed Subgroup: Da

Rep. Commodities	Commodities	Validate:Y/N

Guava and Raisin	Acerola; Ambarella; Blimbe; Carob bean; Cashew apple;
Date; Fig; Guava; Imbu; Jaboticaba; Jujube; Jujube/Indian; Natal plum;
Olive; Otaheite gooseberry; Papaya/Mountain; Persimmon; Pomerac; Rose
apple; Sentul; Starfruit; Surinam cherry; Noni; Purple mombin; Yellow
mombin; Chinese jujube; Bignay 	

NO*

Proposed Subgroup: Db

Rep. Commodities	Commodities	Validate:Y/N

Raisin	Olive; Fig; Date; Carob bean	NO*

Proposed Subgroup: Dc

Rep. Commodities	Commodities	Validate:Y/N

Guava	Acerola; Ambarella; Blimbe; Carob bean; Cashew apple; Guava; Imbu;
Jaboticaba; Jujube; Jujube/Indian; Natal plum; Otaheite gooseberry;
Papaya/Mountain; Persimmon; Pomerac; Rose apple; Sentul; Starfruit;
Surinam cherry; Noni; Purple mombin; Yellow mombin; Chinese jujube,
Feijoa; Wax Jambu; Passionfruit	

NO*

*SEE ATTACHED TABLES



Workgroup Worksheet 

Workgroup #: ___4______________ Crop Group:  D (Tropical/Subtropical
Fruit, Edible Peel)

Additions to Proposed Crop Groups and Subgroups

Common Name	Scientific Name

	Group/SG Placement	Rep Crop	Edible Part	Person(s) Requesting	Comments
Validate: Y/N

D.1 Craboo	Byrsonima crassifolia

(Malpighiaceae)	D 	guava

JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit (edible peel)	Mexico	NANCE

Cherry-sized fruit eaten raw, etc.	Y

D.2 Jamaica Cherry	Muntingia calabura

(Elaeocarpaceae)	D 	guava

JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit (edible peel)	IR-4	Panama berry

Strawberry Tree

Capulin	Y

D.3 Riberry	Suzygium  SYZYGIUM luehmannii

(Myrtaceae)	D 	Guava	Fruit	G. Burlow

(Australia)	Clove flavor (spice)	AI

D.4 Native Pepper	Kunzea pomifera

(Leptospermaceae)	D 	Guava	Fruit	G. Burlow

(Australia)	Native apple (spice)	MOVE TO SPICE

D.5 Davidson’s Plum	Davidsonia pruriens

(Davidsoniaceae)	D 	Guava	Fruit	G. Burlow

(Australia)

AI

D.6 Illawarra Plum	Podocarpus elatus

(Podocarpaceae)	D	guava

JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	G. Burlow

(Australia)	Resembles a grape	AI

D.7 Kakadu Plum	Terminalia ferdinandiana

(Combretaceae)	D 	Guava	Fruit	G. Burlow

(Australia)	Resembles a gooseberry	AI

D.8 Noni	Morinda citrifolia

(Rubiaceae)	D 	Guava	Fruit	M. Kawate (HI)	Indian Mulberry	Y

D.9 Bignay	Antidesma bunius

(Euphorbiaceae)	Da  	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

Y

D.10 Cajou	Anacardium giganteum  (Anacardiaceae)	D  	guava

JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

Y

D.11 Guava Berry	Myrciaria floribunda

(Myrtaceae)	D  	guava

JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

Y

D.12 Uvalha	Eugenia uvalha

(Myrtaceae)	D	Guava	Fruit	M. Braverman

(Brazil)

Y

D.13 Monos Plum	Pseudanamomis umbellifera 

(Myrtaceae)	D	guava

JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

(Puerto Rico)

Y

D.14 Jelly Palm	Butia capitata

(Arecaceae)	D  	Guava FIG	Fruit (eaten fresh)	M. Braverman

(Brazil)

Y

D.15 Cherry of the Rio Grande	Eugenia aggregata

(Myricaceae)	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)	Brazil	Y

D.16 Brazil Cherry	Eugenia dombeyi

(Myricaceae)	D  	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)	Size of cherry	Y

D.17

Pitomba	 Eugenia luschnatheanus

(Myrtaceae)	D  	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)

Y

D.18 Black Plum	Vitex doniana

(Verbenaceae)	D  	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY	Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)	African plum	Y

D.19 Apple Rose	Rosa villosa

(Rosaceae)	D

Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)	Leaves for tea

MOVE TO GROUP H	AI

D. 20 Akebia	Akebua quinata 

(Lardiz abalaceae)	D

Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)

AI

D.21 Amra	Spondias mangifera 

(Anacardiaceae)	D

Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)

AI

D.22 Appleberry	Billardiera scandens

(Pistiaceae)	D

Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)	Australia	AI

D.23 Arkurbal	Willughbeia angustifloia

(Apocynaceae)	D

Fruit	M. Braverman

(IR-4)	Kubal Madu	AI



ADDITIONS TO PROPOSED CROP GROUP D BY WORKGROUP # 4

Common Name	Scientific Name

	Group/SG Placement	Rep Crop	Edible Part	Person(s) Requesting	Comments
Validate: Y/N

SEA GRAPE	COCOLOBA UVIFERA	D	JUJUBE

J. CRANE

Y

CATALEYA GUAVA	PSIDIUM CATTLEIANUM	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

COSTA RICAN

GUAVA	PSIDIUM FRIEDRICHSTHALUANUM	D	GUAVA/PERSIMMON

J. CRANE

Y

PUERTO RICAN GUAVA	PSIDIUM

MICROPHYLLUM	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

WATERROSE APPLE	SYZYGIUM AQUEUM	D	GUAVA

J. CRANE

Y

WATERBERRY

	SYZYGIUM GUINEENSE	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

LOQUAT	ERIOBRYTA JAPONICA	D	JUJUBE 0R SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

AFRICAN PLUM	VITEX DONIANA	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

HOGPLUM

AMBRA	SPONDIUS PINATA	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

PARA GUAVA	BRITOA ACIDA	D	GUAVA/PERSIMMON

J. CRANE

Y

HERBERT RIVER CHERRY	ANTIDESMA DALLACHYAMUM	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

J. CRANE

Y

GAOLNUT	ANACOLOSA FRUTESCENS	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA	SEE WIERSEMA ARS LIST FOR SN, ETC.	AI

BURMESE GRAPE

KAPUNDUNG	BACCAUREA SP.	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

PALMYRA PALM	BORASSUS FLABELLIFER	D	FIG

WIERSEMA

Y

	PASSIFLORA + HYBRIDS	D	GUAVA OR PERSIMMON

WIERSEMA

Y

	PHYLLANATUS EMBLICA	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

	PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE	D	FIG

WIERSEMA

Y

	PSIDIUM SP. + HYBRIDS	D	GUAVA OR PERSIMMON

WIERSEMA

Y

MIRACLE FRUIT	SUNSEPALUM DULCIFICUM	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

VELVET TAMARIND	DIALIUM GUINEENSE	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

	DIALIUM INDUM	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

	DILLENIA PHILIPPENENSIS	D

	AI

	DISPYROS SP.	D	GUAVA OR PERSIMMON

WIERSEMA

Y

	EUGENIA  SPPS	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

AISEN	BOSCIA SENEGALENSIS	D	JUJUBE  OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

ALMONDETTE	BUCHANANIA LANZAN	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

CHIRAULI-NUT	BUCHANANIA LATIFOLIA	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

CIRUELA VERDE	BUNCHOSIA ARMENIACA	D	GUAVA

WIERSEMA

Y

CHINESE WHITE OLIVE	CANARIUM SP.	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

KARANDA	CARISSA CARANDAS	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

Y

EGYPTIAN CARISSA	CARISSA EDULIS	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

COCO PALM	CRYSOBALANUS ICACO	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

WAMPI	CLAUSENA LANSIUM	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

JAVA PLUM	SYZYGIUM CUMINI	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

TAMARIND OF THE ANDES	VANGUERIA MADAGASCARIENSIS	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM
CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y

TALLOWOOD	XIMENIA AMERICANA	D	JUJUBE OR SURINAM CHERRY

WIERSEMA

Y



	Rep. Crop	Commodities	Comments

Tropical fruit	 Lychee, Banana, Pineapple, Guava or Persimmon (Japanese)
Jujube or Surinam Cherry	Sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple,
ilama, soursop, biriba, paw paw, Spanish lime, Langsat, Poshte, All
species of the genus Annona and their hybrids, lychee, longan, Spanish
lime, rambutan, pulasan, Akee, papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango,
horse mango (all species of Mangifera and their hybrids) sapodilla,
canistel, mamey sapote, abiu, Ambarella, Mamey apple, Mangosteen,
Pomegranate, green sapote, Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir
plum, Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun sapote, white sapote
(Casmiroa) and hybrids of these.  Banana (All Musa species and their
hybrids), Avocado, Pineapple, jackfruit, durian, breadfruit, Monstera,
Champadek, Marang, Monkeyfruit, Screwpine, Pandanus, Jujube, Chinese
jujube, Indian jujube, Surinam cherry (All Eugenia spp. and their
hybrids), Acerola,  Jaboticaba, Purple mombin, Yellow mombin,
Governor’s Plum, Imbe, Craboo, Jamaica cherry, Bignay, Cajou, Guava
berry,  Monos plum, Cherry of the Rio Grande, Brazil cherry, Pitomba,
Black plum(Vitex doniana), Abyssinian Gooseberry, Ceylon Gooseberry,
Vitex doniana, Florida gooseberry, Kei apple, Maya breadfruit,  Chinese
white olive, Karanda, Egyptian carissa, Coco plum, Wampi, Aisen,
Almondette, Chirauli nut, Galonut, Burmese grape, Kapundung, Phyllanthus
emblica, Miracle fruit, Velvet tamarind, Dialium indum, Java plum,
Tamarind of the Andes, Tallowood, Waterberry, Loquat, African plum, Hog
plum or Ambra, Herbert river cherry, Seagrape, Cattley guava,  Puerto
Rican Guava, Figs, dates, carob bean, Pejibaye-Peach palm, Jelly palm,
Sataw, Tamarind and other Palmae fruit, Salak, Palmyra palm fruit, Toddy
palm fruit, Pithecellobium dulce

	

A.Tropical fruit inedible peel subgroup	Lychee,  Avocado, Banana,
Pineapple	Sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple, ilama,
soursop, biriba, paw paw, Spanish lime, Langsat, Poshte, All species of
the genus Annona and their hybrids, lychee, longan, Spanish lime,
rambutan, pulasan, Akee, papaya, star apple, black sapote, mango, horse
mango (all species of Mangifera and their hybrids) sapodilla, canistel,
mamey sapote, abiu, Ambarella, Mamey apple, Mangosteen, Pomegranate,
green sapote, Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir plum,
Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun sapote, white sapote (Casmiroa) and
hybrids of these.  Banana (All Musa species and their hybrids), Avocado,
Pineapple, jackfruit, durian, breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang,
Monkeyfruit, Screwpine, Pandanus	Utilizes the smallest rough skin fruit
to cover worst case residues plus the two largest consumption fruit to
cover all tropical inedible peel fruit. Avocado is still included to
cover California and to cover intermediate sized fruit.

B. Inedible peel Sugar apple 

Subgroup	Sugar apple	Sugar apple, cherimoya, atemoya, custard apple,
ilama, soursop, biriba, paw paw, Spanish lime, Langsat, Poshte, All
species of the genus Annona and their hybrids	Most crops in the
Annonaceae; similar gross morphology. Inedible peel medium size fruit
with rough skin

C. Inedible peel Lychee subgroup	Lychee	Lychee, longan, Spanish lime,
rambutan, pulasan, Akee, langsat	All crops in the Sapindaceae; inedible
peel small size fruit with rough skin (except Spanish lime)

D. Inedible peel except Avocado and Banana subgroup	Papaya	Papaya, star
apple, black sapote, mango, horse mango (all species of Mangifera and
their hybrids) sapodilla, canistel, mamey sapote, abiu, Ambarella, Mamey
apple, Mangosteen, Pomegranate, green sapote, 

Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir plum, Manilkara hexandra,
Bael fruit, Sun sapote, white sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids of these.  
All crop have inedible peel; smooth skin most corresponds to Codex
classification

E. Inedible peel smooth skin except Papaya and Banana subgroup	Avocado
Avocado, black sapote, star apple, canistel, mamey sapote, mango, ,
horse mango (all species of Mangifera and their hybrids)  papaya,
sapodilla, Ambarella,  Mamey apple, Mangosteen

Pomegranate, green sapote , Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, Kaffir
plum, Manilkara hexandra, Bael fruit, Sun sapote  white sapote
(Casmiroa) and hybrids of these.  NOTE:  mamaey sapote and sapodilla do
not have a smooth peel, it is scurfy.	All crop have inedible peel;
smooth skin most corresponds to Codex classification



F. Inedible peel smooth skin except Avocado and Papaya subgroup	Banana
Banana (All Musa species and their hybrids), black sapote, star apple,
canistel, mamey sapote, mango, , horse mango (all species of Mangifera
and their hybrids) papaya, sapodilla, green sapote,  Ambarella , ,Mamey
apple, Mangosteen Pomegranate, Binjai, White star apple, Satinleaf, ,
Bael fruit, Sun sapote,  white sapote (Casmiroa) and hybrids of these.  
NOTE:  mamaey sapote and sapodilla do not have a smooth peel; it is
scurfy.	All crop have inedible peel; smooth skin most corresponds to
Codex classification

G. Inedible peel

Large aggregate fruit subgroup	Pineapple	Pineapple, jackfruit, durian,
breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang, Monkeyfruit, Screwpine,
Pandanus	All crop have rough, bumpy, inedible peel

H. Inedible peel

Large aggregate fruit subgroup (except pineapple)	Jackfruit	 Jackfruit,
durian, breadfruit, Monstera, Champadek, Marang, Monkeyfruit, Screwpine,
Pandanus	All crop have inedible peel. Does not include pineapple and is
for situations where the use pattern for pineapple does not fit the
other crops in the group.

I.  Edible peel Guava/

Persimmon subgroup 	Guava or Persimmon (Japanese)	Guava, Para Guava, 
Costa Rican Guava(All Psidium spp. and their hybrids), feijoa,
jaboticaba, wax jambu, star fruit, passion fruit, ( All Passiflora spp.
and their hybrids),  Japanese persimmon, common persimmon (All Diospyros
spp. and their hybrids), Blimbe, Cashew apple, Imbu, Natal plum,
Otaheite gooseberry, Mountain papaya, Pomerac, Rose apple, Sentul,
Marmaladebox, Naranjilla, Noni, Uvalha, Lucmo, Gandaria, Maprang,
Mabolo, Ciruela verde, Water Rose apple	Primarily edible peel; note/peel
rarely contaminates Passiflora spp. during juicing smooth skin medium
size fruit

J. Edible peel   Jujube /Surinam cherry subgroup	Jujube or Surinam
Cherry 	Jujube, Chinese jujube, Indian jujube, Surinam cherry (All
Eugenia spp. and their hybrids), Acerola,  Jaboticaba, Purple mombin,
Yellow mombin, Governor’s Plum, Imbe, Craboo, Jamaica cherry, Bignay,
Cajou, Guava berry,  Monos plum, Cherry of the Rio Grande, Brazil
cherry, Pitomba, Black plum (Vitex doniana), Abyssinian Gooseberry,
Ceylon Gooseberry, Florida gooseberry, Kei apple, Maya breadfruit, 
Chinese white olive, Karanda, Egyptian carissa, Coco plum, Wampi, Aisen,
Almondette, Chirauli nut, Galonut, Burmese grape, Kapundung, Phyllanthus
emblica, Miracle fruit, Velvet tamarind, Dialium indum, Java plum,
Tamarind of the Andes, Tallowood, Waterberry, Loquat, African plum, Hog
plum or Ambra, Herbert river cherry, Seagrape, Cattley guava,  Puerto
Rican Guava, star fruit, wax jambu	All crops have edible peel or peel
used in processing. Small, smooth skin 

K. Palm and low moisture fruits subgroup	Fig	Figs, dates, carob bean,
Pejibaye-Peach palm, Jelly palm, Sataw, Tamarind , Salak, Palmyra palm
fruit, Toddy palm fruit, Pithecellobium dulce and all other fruit of the
family Palmae	Fruit of low moisture 



ATTACHMENT 3.  REFERENCES

Kenaga, E.E. Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides, Academic Press, NY,
1972.

Machlachlan, D.J. and D. Hamilton. A New Tool for the Evaluation of Crop
Residue Trail Data (day-zero-plus decline).  Food Additives and
Contaminants, Vol. 27 (3), p 347-364, 2010.

Ripley, B.D., G.M. Ritcey, C.R. Harris, M.A. Denomme and L.I. Lissemore,
Comoparative Persistence of Pesticides on Selected Cultivars of
Specialty Vegetables, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol.
51, p 1328-1335, 2003.

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Sundaram, K.M.S., Influence of Foliar Morphology and Crown Geometry on
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Mixed Forest, Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B,
Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, Vol.26 (5-6), p
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