Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2012-0268-0035
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2013-10-22T04:00Z

Economic Analysis of the Significant New Use Rule for Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylate Chemical Substances
(EPA DOCKET EPA-HQ-OPPT- 2012-0268)

Contract # EP-W-08-010

August 23, 2013

-- Does not contain TSCA CBI --

Prepared for:
				Economic and Policy Analysis Branch
	Economics, Exposure and Technology Division
Office of Pollution, Prevention, and Toxics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20460

                                    Notice
This document was prepared to provide economic information for the rulemaking process.  Due to the nature of the information available to EPA, the document contains various assumptions that may not reflect the regulatory determinations that an individual firm or organization would make were it to apply the rule's requirements to its specific circumstances.  This is not an official guidance document and should not be relied upon to determine applicable regulatory requirements. Mention of the names of specific companies, organizations, entities, goods, or services does not constitute an endorsement by EPA.

Economic Analysis of the Significant New Use Rule for Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates and Long-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylate Chemical Substances (EPA DOCKET EPA-HQ-OPPT-2012-0268)
Table of Contents
List of Exhibits	iv
Contributors	v
Executive Summary	vi
1.	Introduction	1-1
1.1	Statutory Authority	1-2
1.2	Summary of Methodology	1-2
1.3	Organization of this Report	1-2
2.	Chemical Uses and Manufacturers	2-4
2.1	Chemicals Subject to the Final Rule	2-4
2.1.1	PFAS Chemical Substances	2-4
2.1.2	LCPFAC Chemical Substances	2-4
2.2	Significant New Uses under the Final SNUR	2-6
2.3	Chemical Uses	2-6
2.3.1	PFAS Chemical Substances	2-6
2.3.2	LCPFAC Chemical Substances	2-8
2.4	Potentially Affected Companies	2-8
2.4.1	PFAS Chemical Substances	2-8
2.4.2	LCPFAC Chemical Substances	2-8
2.5	Article Importation	2-9
2.5.1	Affected Entities	2-9
2.5.2	Activities which may Impact the Use of PFCs in the Supply Chain	2-11
3.	Industry Compliance Costs	3-1
3.1	Wage Rates	3-2
3.2	Unit Industry Compliance Costs	3-3
3.2.1	Rule Familiarization	3-3
3.2.2	CDX Registration, CDX Electronic Signature, and Pay.gov Account Setup	3-4
3.2.3	Form Completion and Submission Fee	3-5
3.2.4	Recordkeeping for Companies Choosing to Submit a SNUN	3-7
Recordkeeping for Companies that Do Not Submit a SNUN	3-7
3.2.5	Customer Notification	3-8
3.2.6	Import Certification	3-8
3.2.7	Export Notification	3-8
3.2.8	Article Importation	3-11
3.2.9	Potential Compliance Activities (Article Importers)	3-11
3.3	Summary of per Submission Costs, by Option	3-14
3.4	Likelihood of SNUN Submission	3-15
3.5	Potential for Subsequent Regulatory Actions	3-15
4.	Agency Costs	4-1
4.1	Labor Rates for EPA Staff	4-1
4.2	SNUN Processing Costs	4-1
4.3	Export Notification Cost	4-6
5.	Benefits	5-1
6.	Additional Analyses	6-2
6.1	Regulatory Flexibility Act	6-2
6.2	Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)	6-2
6.3	Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)	6-2
6.4	Executive Order 13132, Federalism	6-3
6.5	Executive Order 12898, Environmental Justice	6-3
6.6	Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children	6-4
6.7	Executive Order 13175, Tribal Governments	6-4
6.8	Executive Order 13211, Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use	6-4
6.9	Executive Order 13563, Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review	6-4
7.	References	7-1
Appendix A  -  Wage Rate Calculations

List of Exhibits
Exhibit 2-1: PFAS Chemicals Added to the SNUR	2-3
Exhibit 2-2: Articles Containing PFAS Chemical Substances	2-7
Exhibit 2-3:	Examples of Industries that may Import Finished Articles Containing PFAS Chemicals	2-10
Exhibit 2-4:	Examples of Industries that may Import Carpets or Carpet Treatments Containing LCPFACs	2-13
Exhibit 3-1		Loaded Industry Wage Rates, December 2012	3-1
Exhibit 3-2:	Rule Familiarization Burden and Cost for SNUR Submitters	3-3
Exhibit 3-3:	CDX Registration, CDX Electronic Signature, and Pay.gov Account Setup Burden and Cost for First-Time Submitters	3-5
Exhibit 3-4:	Industry Cost Estimate to Complete the SNUN Form	3-6
Exhibit 3-5:	Industry Cost Estimate to Complete and Submit the SNUN Form	3-7
Exhibit 3-6:	Annual Per-Chemical Costs of Recordkeeping Requirement for Companies that Choose not to Submit a SNUN	3-7
Exhibit 3-7:	Derivation of Total Mailing Cost for 12 Notices	3-10
Exhibit 3-8:	TSCA 12(b) Export Notification Cost per Notification	3-11
Exhibit 3-9:	Range of Costs Associated with an Importer's Identification of Chemicals Subject to SNURs in Articles	3-13
Exhibit 3-10:	Compliance Options and Associated Costs Incurred by a Firm Due to the Final SNUR	3-15
Exhibit 4-1:	Derivation of Loaded Agency Wage Rates, 2011	4-1
Exhibit 4-2:	Derivation of Inflation Factors for Agency Extramural Costs	4-2
Exhibit 4-3:	Agency Costs for SNUN and Other Submission Review and Processing	4-4
Exhibit 4-4:	TSCA 12(b) Export Notification Cost: Agency Burden per Activity (2011$)	4-6
Exhibit 7-1:	Derivation of Loaded Wage Rates	A-3
Exhibit 7-2: 	Derivation of Inflation Factors	A-5

                                 Contributors
The EPA analyst responsible for this report was Timothy Lehman. Analytical and draft preparation support was provided by Abt Associates Inc. under EPA Contract No. EP-W-08-010.

                               Executive Summary
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is amending a significant new use rule (SNUR) for perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFAS) chemical substances to add PFAS chemical substances that have completed the TSCA new chemical review process but have not yet commenced production or import, and to designate processing as a "significant new use." EPA is also adding a SNUR for long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylate (LCPFAC) chemical substances that will designate manufacturing (including importing) or processing for use as part of carpets or for treating carpet as a significant new use, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. For this SNUR, EPA is also making the article exemption inapplicable to the importation of LCPFAC chemical substances as part of carpets. This report estimates the costs of the Significant New Use Rule (SNUR).
Since the manufacture (including import) and processing of PFAS and LCPFAC chemical substances for the significant new uses have been discontinued, EPA expects their presence in humans and the environment to decline over time as has been observed in the past when production and use of other persistent chemicals has ceased.
Persons subject to these SNURs will be required to notify EPA at least 90 days before commencing any significant new use. The required notifications will provide EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs. A significant new use is defined as: 1) the manufacture(including import) or processing of any of the PFAS chemical substances subject to this final rule, for any use except ongoing uses specified in the 2007 PFAS Chemical Substances SNUR at § 721.9582(a)(3) through (a)(5) and 2) the manufacture (including import), processing, or import as part of carpet, of any of the LCPFAC chemical substances subject to this final rule for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. A firm intending to engage in these activities will be required to submit a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN), incurring an estimated submission cost of $8,589 for large businesses per chemical, and potentially other minor costs. The required notification will provide EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use and, if necessary, to prevent or limit potentially adverse effects from chemical use before it occurs.
In addition to any firms that may make a SNUN submission, the final SNUR may also affect firms that do not make a submission. By avoiding a significant new use, a firm can avoid submission and testing costs but may incur other compliance costs. The firm may also incur "hidden" costs; for example, it could forego profitable opportunities to use the chemical in an application that would be a significant new use, or limit production volume to avoid a significant new use.
Costs in this report are estimated at the firm level and reflect the burden of a SNUR on the firms that make a submission. The potential hidden costs to the firms that do not make a submission are not quantified. EPA receives only a handful of SNUNs per year. The number of firms affected by not making submissions to EPA is not known; therefore, costs are not aggregated across the affected entities.

Introduction
This report presents the estimated costs of the final Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) for specific perfluoroalkyl sulfonates chemicals (PFAS) and for long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylate chemicals (LCPFACs) used in carpet treatments. EPA is amending a SNUR at 40 CFR § 721.9582 for PFAS chemical substances to add PFAS chemical substances that have completed the TSCA new chemical review process but have not yet commenced production or import, and to designate (for all listed PFAS chemical substances) processing as a "significant new use." EPA is also adding a SNUR for LCPFAC chemical substances that will designate manufacturing (including importing) or processing for use as part of carpets or for treating carpet (e.g., for use in the carpet aftercare market) as a "significant new use," except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution.  
For this SNUR, EPA is also making the article exemption at § 721.45(f) inapplicable to persons who import LCPFAC chemical substances as part of carpets. The article exemption at § 721.45(f) remains in effect for persons who import or process LCPFAC chemical substances as part of other sorts of articles. The article exemption at § 721.45(f) relating to persons who process chemical substances as part of an article will also remain in effect, for both the PFAS SNUR and the LCPFAC SNUR. Persons subject to these SNURs will be required to notify EPA at least 90 days before commencing any significant new use. The required notifications will provide EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs.  
PFAS Chemical Substances
In this final SNUR, the term PFAS refers to a general category of perfluorinated sulfonate chemical substances of any chain length. The PFAS chemical substances for which EPA is modifying an existing SNUR are currently listed in the 2007 SNUR at § 721.9582. The PFAS chemical substances that EPA is adding to the existing SNUR will be added to this list. See 2.1.1 for the list of additional chemicals. All of these chemical substances are referred collectively in this final rule as perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, or PFAS chemical substances.
The final SNUR requires manufacturers (including importers) or processors of PFAS chemical substances to notify EPA at least 90 days prior to the occurrence of any significant new use. A significant new use is defined as: the manufacture (including import) or processing of any of the PFAS chemical substances subject to this final rule, for any use except ongoing uses specified in the 2007 PFAS Chemical Substances SNUR at § 721.9582(a)(3) through (a)(5). 
LCPFAC Chemical Substances
The term LCPFAC refers to the long-chain category of perfluorinated carboxylate chemical substances with perfluorinated carbon chain lengths equal to or greater than seven carbons and equal to or less than 20 carbons. The category of LCPFAC chemical substances also includes the salts and precursors of these perfluorinated carboxylates. The perfluorinated carbon chain length upper limit means fluoropolymers are not within the scope of this rule. However, it is important to note that any LCPFAC chemical substance that is intentionally used during fluoropolymer formulation, such as an emulsion stabilizer in aqueous dispersions, is subject to reporting for any significant new use. For example, ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO)   -  when used as an aqueous dispersion agent in fluoropolymer production  -  is subject to this SNUR if the final fluoropolymer product is used as part of carpets or to treat carpets. (See section 2.1.2 for further details).
The final SNUR requires manufacturers (including importers) or processors of LCPFACs for use in carpet treatments to notify EPA at least 90 days prior to the occurrence of any significant new use. A significant new use is defined as; the manufacture (including import) or processing, or import as part of carpet, of any of the LCPFAC chemical substances subject to this final rule for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. 
Statutory Authority 
Section 5(a)(2) of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2604(a)(2)) authorizes EPA to determine that a use of a chemical substance is a "significant new use." EPA must make this determination by rule after considering all relevant factors, including those listed in TSCA section 5(a)(2). Once EPA determines that a use of a chemical substance is a significant new use, TSCA section 5(a)(1)(B) requires persons to submit a SNUN to EPA at least 90 days before manufacturing (including importing) or processing the chemical substance for that use (15 U.S.C. 2604(a)(1)(B)).
The general SNUR provisions are found at 40 CFR Part 721, Subpart A. 
Summary of Methodology
This analysis quantifies, to the extent possible, the costs of the final rule to society by identifying the costs to industry associated with performing the required reporting and recordkeeping activities, and the costs to EPA of administering the rule. Industry costs consist of rule familiarization; registration with the Central Data Exchange (CDX) electronic reporting tool; collection, compilation, and submission of required information for significant new uses of the subject chemicals; export notification; and recordkeeping. Agency costs include reviewing and processing the data received as a result of the rule. Data sources for this analysis include burden estimates derived from previous information collection requests and economic analyses for related rules, compensation data acquired from government publications, and supplementary market research.
In addition to estimated costs, this report qualitatively discusses the benefits of the final rule based on the value of the information it will provide. 
Organization of this Report
The remainder of this report presents EPA's economic analysis in support of the final rule. A description of the PFAS chemicals affected by this SNUR as well as the LCPFACs and their use in carpet treatments is provided in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 contains estimates of the industry costs to comply with the final rule, and Chapter 4 shows estimates of the government costs associated with the administration of the final rule. Chapter 5 addresses the benefits of the final rule. Several additional impact analyses are presented in Chapter 6, including: small entity impact analysis, as mandated by the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA); a burden hour analysis that responds to the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA); an analysis of unfunded mandates that pertains to the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA); an analysis of environmental justice implications that addresses the requirements of Executive Order 12898; and an analysis of  children's health pertinent to Executive Order 13045. 
Note that all dollar values in this analysis are reported in 2012 dollars.

Chemical Uses and Manufacturers
Chemicals Subject to the Final Rule 
PFAS Chemical Substances
This SNUR applies to PFAS chemical substances, a general category of perfluorinated sulfonate chemical substances of any chain length. EPA is amending a SNUR at § 721.9582 for PFAS chemical substances to add PFAS chemical substances that have completed the TSCA new chemical review process but have not yet commenced production or import, and to designate (for all listed PFAS chemical substances) processing as a significant new use. Exhibit 2-1 presents seven PMN case numbers and the generic chemical names of the PFAS chemical substances being added to the list of 183 PFAS chemicals (listed in the SNUR at § 721.9582).
                 Exhibit 2-1: PFAS Chemicals Added to the SNUR
                               PMN Case Numbers
                             Generic Chemical Name
                                   P-83-0126
                                      N/A
                                   P-90-0110
                                      N/A
                                   P-94-1508
                           Fluorinated polysiloxane
                                  P-94-1509B
                           Fluorinated polysiloxane
                                   P-98-0809
                                      N/A
                                   P-99-0296
                            Fluoroalkyl derivative
                                   P-01-0035
                           Perfluorooctane sulfonate
                                       
EPA believes that the commencement of manufacturing (including import) or processing of these chemicals will significantly increase the magnitude and duration of exposure to humans and the environment. Given the structural similarity of these chemicals to the PFAS chemicals covered under 40 CFR 721.9582, EPA believes that action on these PFAS chemicals is warranted.
PFAS chemicals were used in a wide variety of industrial, commercial, and consumer applications, including use in firefighting foams, mining and oil well surfactants, acid mist suppressants for metal plating and electronic etching baths, alkaline cleaners, floor polishes, inks, photographic film, denture cleaners, shampoos, chemical intermediates, coating additives, carpet spot cleaners, and as an insecticide in bait stations for ants (EPA, 2007e). The chemicals of the PFAS group are virtually indestructible and have been shown to be globally distributed and some are bioaccumulative (Nordic Screening, no date). PFAS related residues are highly toxic, persistent chemicals that pervasively found in human blood and wildlife all over the world and there is concern that these chemicals may never degrade in the environment (Kallenborn, et al. 2004). 
LCPFAC Chemical Substances
This SNUR applies to LCPFACs used as part of carpets or to treat carpets. PFACs are substances with special properties that have a variety of industrial applications. PFACs are used widely in the textile industry because of their thermo-stability, ability to adapt to a variety of surface characteristics, high chemical stability, and other characteristics. Specifically, LCPFAC chemical substances are synthetic chemicals that do not occur naturally in the environment. The LCPFAC chemical substances are identified as follows, 
where 5< n <21 or 6< m <21: 

	i. CF3(CF2)n-COO-M where M = H+ or any other group where a formal dissociation can be 	made; 
	ii. CF3(CF2)n-CH=CH2; 
	iii. CF3(CF2)n-C(=O)-X where X is any chemical moiety; 
	iv. CF3(CF2)m-CH2-X where X is any chemical moiety; and
	v. CF3(CF2)m-Y-X where Y = non-S, non-N hetero atom and where X is any chemical 	moiety.

This category definition of LCPFAC, based on the chemical structures above, refers to a large group of chemical substances containing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its higher homologues. The category also includes the salts and precursors of these chemical substances. LCPFAC precursors may be simple derivatives of PFOA and higher homologues or polymers that may degrade to PFOA or higher homologues. These precursors include all fluorotelomers. The LCPFAC category definition has an upper limit of 20 perfluorinated carbons, which means fluoropolymers are not within the scope of this rule. However, it is important to note that any LCPFAC chemical substance that is intentionally used during fluoropolymer formulation, such as an emulsion stabilizer in aqueous dispersions, is subject to reporting for any significant new use. For example, ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO)   -  when used as an aqueous dispersion agent in fluoropolymer production  -  is subject to this SNUR if the final fluoropolymer product is used as part of carpets or to treat carpets.
For this rule, fluoropolymer  -  but not fluorotelomer-based polymers (FTBP)  -  precursors are specifically excluded from reporting obligations. However, fluoropolymers which contain some PFAC contamination, or that use PFOA as an emulsion stabilizer in aqueous dispersions, are included in the definition due to their PFAC content. For example, fluoropolymers using ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) as an emulsifier are subject to this SNUR based on the APFO content  -  not the content of the dispersed fluoropolymer (e.g. aqueous dispersion can have as much as 0.1 percent by weight APFO). PFACs are used in carpets to impart stain, soil, and grease repellant properties. During the manufacturing process, PFACs are utilized in the impregnation of carpets or as a chemical finish which endows fabrics with those characteristics. 
Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals (LCPFCs) are found world-wide in the environment, wildlife, and humans. They are bioaccumulative in wildlife and humans, and are persistent in the environment (Danish Ministry of the Environment, 2008). To date, significant adverse effects have not been found in the general human population; however, LCPFCs have been linked to a number of health effects, including thyroid disease and reproductive function (Knox, et al., 2011; Melzer, et al., 2010).
Because of their bioaccumulative and persistent properties, EPA is promulgating a SNUR for all LCPFACs used in carpet treatments and carpet treatment products. The Agency believes that the LCPFAC chemical substances included in this final rule are no longer being manufactured (including imported) or processed for use as part of carpet or for treating carpet (e.g., for use in the carpet aftercare market) in the United States, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. The Agency also believes that LCPFAC chemical substances are not being imported as part of carpet. EPA is promulgating a SNUR for any commercial uses of these chemicals, so that the Agency may be informed of any intended use of these chemicals in commerce. 
Significant New Uses under the Final SNUR 
EPA may promulgate a SNUR for a substance when potential use could result in significant changes in human exposure or environmental release levels and/or that concern exists about the substance's health or environmental effects (40 CFR §721.170). According to TSCA Section 5(a)(2), the determination that a chemical use qualifies as a significant new use must consider all relevant factors, including:
The projected volume of manufacturing, importation, and processing of the chemical substance;
The extent to which a use changes the type or form of exposure of human beings or the environment to a chemical substance;
The extent to which a use increases the magnitude and duration of exposure of human beings or the environment to a chemical substance; and
The reasonably anticipated manner and methods of manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, and disposal of a chemical substance.
EPA is defining the significant new use as: 1) the manufacture (including import) or processing of any of the PFAS chemical substances subject to this final rule, for any use except ongoing uses specified in the 2007 PFAS Chemical Substances SNUR at § 721.9582(a)(3) through (a)(5); and 2) the manufacture (including import) processing, or import as part of carpet, of any of the LCPFAC chemical substances subject to this final rule for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets, is a significant new use, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. 
A company will be expected to submit a SNUN for any PFAS chemical substances or for any LCPFAC substances used in carpet treatment products included in the final SNUR prior to initiating a new use. 
Chemical Uses 
PFAS Chemical Substances
In the past, PFAS chemical substances were used in a variety of products, which can be divided into three main use categories: surface treatments, paper protection, and performance chemicals. 
Exhibit 2-2 presents a list of the applications PFAS Chemical Substances and their end products. 

Exhibit 2-2: Articles Containing PFAS Chemical Substances
                                   Category
                                Application(s)
                                End Product(s)
                              Surface Treatments
                             Treatment of fabrics
                             Automotive interiors
                                       
                               Carpet protector
                                    Carpets
                                       
                         Fabric/ Upholstery protector
                              Fabrics, furniture
                                       
                         Apparel and leather protector
                               Apparel, leather
                                       
        Protective products for after markets and consumer applications
                                Other products
                                       
                     Mist suppressant corrosion inhibitors
     Acid mist suppressants for metal plating and electronic etching baths
                                       
                         Treatment of metal and glass
                  Surface of metals (mostly chromium), glass
                               Paper Protection
                     Water/ Oil/ Grease/ Solvent repellent
                                Masking papers
                                       
                                       
                                Folding cartons
                                       
                                       
                          Plates and food containers
                                       
                                       
                                Bags and wraps
                                       
                                       
                                Food packaging
                                       
                                       
Carbonless forms (an alternative to carbon paper that makes copies of documents without electronics)
                                       
                                       
                          Paper products, paperboard
                             Performance Chemicals
                                  Surfactants
                              Fire-fighting foams
                                       
                                       
           Alkaline cleaners (help remove oil and grease off metals)
                                       
                                       
                        Mining and oil well surfactants
                                       
                                Cleaning agents
                               Denture cleaners
                                       
                                       
                             Carpet spot cleaners
                                       
                                       
                              Mold release agents
                                       
                                       
                     Glass cleaning waxes; floor polishes
                                       
                                       
                                   Shampoos
                                       
                                     Inks
                                 Printing inks
                                       
                              Chemical synthesis
                            Chemical intermediates
                                       
                           Pesticides/ Insecticides
      Pesticides active ingredient; Insecticide in bait stations for ants
                                       
                                  Photography
     Antistatic agents; 
Surfactants for paper, films,
photographic plates
                                       
                               Photolithography
            Coatings for semiconductors (anti-reflective coatings)
                                       
                              Paints and vanishes
                                 Floor paints
                                       
                             Medical applications
                     Waterproofing casts; Wound dressings
                                       
                              Waxes and polishes
                     Emulsifier in wax and floor polishes
                                       
                                   Coatings
                               Coating additives
                                       
                          Aviation - hydraulic fluids
                            Hydraulic fluid agents
Sources: EPA, 2005c; 3M Company, 1999a; Carolini, 2009; OSPAR, 2006.
 

LCPFAC Chemical Substances
LCPFAC chemical substances were used in carpets to impart stain, soil, and grease repellant properties (Kissa, 2001). There are four typical scenarios for chemical application that could lead to the presence of these chemical substances in carpet products. First, these chemical substances could be applied to carpet at a carpet and rug mill during the manufacturing process. Secondly, these chemical substances could be applied to carpet after the manufacturing process at a separate finishing facility. Thirdly, treatment products containing these chemical substances could be applied to carpets by final consumers in the post manufacturing stage. In the described scenarios, LCPFAC chemical substances could be domestically produced or imported. In addition, domestically produced carpets could be made using imported fabrics that had been treated with PFAS or LCPFAC chemical substances. Finally, carpet containing these chemical substances could be imported into the United States as a final product.  
The Agency believes that the LCPFAC chemical substances included in this final rule are no longer being manufactured (including imported) or processed for use as part of carpet or for treating carpet (e.g., for use in the carpet aftercare market) in the United States, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. The Agency also believes that LCPFAC chemical substances are not being imported as part of carpets. 
Potentially Affected Companies 
The final SNUR applies to processors as well as to manufacturers (including importers) of PFAS and LCPFAC chemical substances, as well as importers of LCPFAC chemicals substances as part of carpet (40 CFR §721.5). It will require manufacturers (including importers) and processors to notify EPA at least 90 days before commencing the manufacture, import, or processing of any of the subject chemicals for any significant new use. The final SNUR may also affect firms that currently do not manufacture (including import) or process any of the chemicals, but who may be interested in manufacturing (including importing) or processing these chemicals in the future. 
PFAS Chemical Substances
The PFAS chemical substances that EPA is adding to the existing PFAS SNUR are chemical substances that have completed the TSCA new chemical review process but have not yet commenced production or import. Any person who commences the manufacture (including import) or processing of a new chemical substance for which that person previously submitted a section 5(a) notice must submit a notice of commencement of manufacture (including import)(40 CFR 720.102). EPA has not received any notices of commencements for these chemical substances, and there is currently no production or import of these chemical substances. If commenced, these chemical substances could be used for the PFAS uses described above, significantly increasing the magnitude and duration of exposure to humans and the environment. 
LCPFAC Chemical Substances
The Agency believes that the LCPFAC chemical substances included in this final rule are no longer being manufactured (including imported) or processed for use as part of carpet or for treating carpet (e.g., for use in the carpet aftercare market) in the United States, , except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. The Agency also believes that LCPFAC chemical substances are not being imported as part of carpet. 
Potentially affected entities will include chemical manufacturers as primary producers of LCPFCs and carpet manufacturers as secondary manufacturers that purchase LCPFCs from domestic or foreign chemical manufacturers for use in carpets. This SNUR might also affect entities that are involved in importing of LCPFAC chemical substances. 
Although industry phase-out of LCPFCs in carpet treatment products was voluntary, EPA's communication with the carpet industry leads the Agency to believe that LCPFCs used in carpets subject to this SNUR are no longer manufactured in or imported into the United States. Therefore, there are likely to be no entities affected by this final SNUR. 
Article Importation 
The SNUR contains a provision to eliminate the exemption for persons that import the regulated chemical substances as part of articles. This will require importers of consumer articles containing LCPFACs as part of carpets to notify EPA at least 90 days before importing consumer articles containing LCPFACs. The rule may also affect firms that do not currently import articles containing the chemicals, but who may be interested in importing these articles in the future or who may be interested in ensuring that the articles they import are in compliance with the requirements of the SNUR. Although there are no specific requirements in the rule for these companies, they may choose to undertake some activities assure themselves that they are not undertaking a new use.
Affected Entities 
EPA is concerned about the importation of carpet and carpet care products containing LCPFAC because it may increase human and environmental exposure to LCPFAC chemicals. For example, in Norway the main source of PFOAs in the environment is from imported articles, such as textiles, carpets, paints and lacquers, and coated paper, as there is no current production or use of PFOAs in the country (Vierke et al, 2012 and Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, 2007). Exhibit 2-4 contains examples of NAICS codes for firms that may import carpets or carpet treatments. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather an example of the types of industries that may be impacted by lifting the articles exemption for importing LCPFAC chemical substances as part of carpets.
Exhibit 2-4:	Examples of Industries that may Import Carpets or Carpet Treatments Containing LCPFACs 
NAICS Code
Section
Description
313
Textile Mills
Industries in the Textile Mills subsector group are establishments that transform a basic fiber (natural or synthetic) into a product, such as yarn or fabric that is further manufactured into usable items, such as apparel, sheets, towels, and textile bags for individual or industrial consumption. The further manufacturing may be performed in the same establishment and classified in this subsector, or it may be performed at a separate establishment and be classified elsewhere in manufacturing.
The main processes in this subsector include preparation and spinning of fiber, knitting or weaving of fabric, and the finishing of the textile. The NAICS structure follows and captures this process flow. Major industries in this flow, such as preparation of fibers, weaving of fabric, knitting of fabric, and fiber and fabric finishing, are uniquely identified. Texturizing, throwing, twisting, and winding of yarn contains aspects of both fiber preparation and fiber finishing and is classified with preparation of fibers rather than with finishing of fiber.
314
Textile Product Mills
Industries in the Textile Product Mills subsector group are establishments that make textile products (except apparel). With a few exceptions, processes used in these industries are generally cut and sew (i.e., purchasing fabric and cutting and sewing to make nonapparel textile products, such as sheets and towels).

423
Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods
Industries in the Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods subsector sell capital or durable goods to other businesses. Merchant wholesalers generally take title to the goods that they sell; in other words, they buy and sell goods on their own account. Durable goods are new or used items generally with a normal life expectancy of three years or more. Durable goods merchant wholesale trade establishments are engaged in wholesaling products, such as motor vehicles, furniture, construction materials, machinery and equipment (including household-type appliances), metals and minerals (except petroleum), sporting goods, toys and hobby goods, recyclable materials, and parts.
442
Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 
Industries in the Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores subsector retail new furniture and home furnishings from fixed point-of-sale locations. Establishments in this subsector usually operate from showrooms and have substantial areas for the presentation of their products. 

Activities which may Impact the Use of PFCs in the Supply Chain 
State level and international regulatory as well as voluntary actions by firms may impact the use of a chemical within an article. Because suppliers of articles are likely to export to multiple countries, they may find it more cost effective to comply with the more stringent regulations in one country than to have two separate supply chains. Similarly, if a significant downstream consumer refuses to purchase products containing a certain chemical, the supplier may find it more profitable to stop using that chemical for all of its customers. Regulatory and voluntary action regarding the use of PFOAs has been conducted at the national level. Canada currently has an agreement with five companies to work towards the elimination of residual PFOA, residual LC PFACs and residual precursors in their perfluorochemical products sold in Canada. Germany has recommended maximum concentrations for drinking water (Environment Canada, 2010 and Germany Federal Environmental Agency, 2009). While neither of these actions applies to the use of PFACs in articles, Norway has proposed to regulate the content of PFOA in consumer products with a percentage by weight limit of 0.0001 percent and 1 μg/m2 for textiles, carpeting and other coated materials (Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, 2010 and European Commission, 2010). However, as detailed in Section 2.3.2, EPA believes that the LCPFAC chemical substances included in this final rule are no longer being manufactured (including imported) or processed for use as part of carpet or for treating carpet (e.g., for use in the carpet aftercare market) in the United States and that LCPFAC chemical substances are not being imported as part of carpets, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution.

Industry Compliance Costs
The final SNUR discussed in this report specifies that any manufacture (including import) or processing of PFAS chemical substances and LCPFCs as part of carpet or to treat carpets for a designated significant new use will require reporting under section 5(a)(1)(A) of TSCA. Therefore, a firm intending to manufacture (including import) and/or process any of these chemicals for these applications must submit a SNUN. Alternatively, a firm can decide not to manufacture (including import) and/or process these chemicals or to manufacture (including import) and/or process these chemicals in such a way that it is not considered a significant new use. The firm, therefore, has two options: 
Option 1: Submit a SNUN. A SNUN indicates to EPA that the firm would like to manufacture (including import) and/or process the chemical for a significant new use, which, in this case, means (1): the manufacture (including import) or processing of any of the PFAS chemical substances subject to this final rule, for any use except ongoing uses specified in the 2007 PFAS Chemical Substances SNUR at § 721.9582(a)(3) through (a)(5); and (2) the manufacture (including import) or  processing, or import as part of carpet, of any of the LCPFAC chemical substances subject to this final rule for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets. The firm must submit the SNUN to EPA at least 90 days before it plans to commence the manufacture (including import) and/or processing of the new use of the substance; the SNUN provides EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs. If EPA allows the manufacture (including import) and/or processing of any of the PFAS chemical substances subject to the rule or any LCPFAC chemical substances for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets for a significant new use, then the costs associated with this option are the costs of submitting the SNUN (including a user fee) plus, if there is any export of these chemicals, the export notification costs that result from TSCA Section 12 (b) requirements that are automatically triggered for chemicals regulated under TSCA Section 5 (see Section 3.2.7 for details).
Option 2: Comply with SNUR limits (not manufacture (including import) and/or process a new use of the chemical). A firm can avoid engaging in a Significant New Use and submitting a SNUN by not manufacturing (including importing) and/or processing any of the chemical substances in a manner such that they would be considered new uses. That is, if the firm does not use (1): the manufacture (including import) or  processing of any of the PFAS chemical substances subject to this final rule, for any use except ongoing uses specified in the 2007 PFAS Chemical Substances SNUR at § 721.9582(a)(3) through (a)(5); and (2) does not use the manufacture (including import) or processing, or import as part of carpet, of any of the LCPFAC chemical substances subject to this final rule for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets, then  it will meet all applicable SNUR requirements. While this option avoids the costs of submitting a SNUN, it may entail the "hidden" cost of the foregone profit as a result of not engaging in the commercial activity originally planned, and may involve substituting one of the subject chemicals for another, more costly substance. If the firm elects to produce the chemical for research and development (R&D) purposes only (an exemption for R&D purposes is provided in 40 CFR §721.47), it may have costs associated with R&D recordkeeping. In addition, if the firm exports any existing stockpiles of the chemicals, it will incur the export notification costs. The firm may also pursue this option temporarily by complying with SNUR restrictions while also pursuing Option 1. Due to the uncertainty related to this option, and EPA's expectation that affected entities will select Option 1, the costs of Option 2 are not fully quantified in this report.
The remainder of this chapter estimates the quantified portion of costs associated with the final SNUR. Section 3.1 summarizes the wage rates used in this chapter. Section 3.2 provides the unit industry compliance costs, including the costs of rule familiarization, registration with the Central Data Exchange (CDX) electronic reporting tool, completing the SNUN form, submission fee, import certification, and export notification. Total costs under each option are presented in Section 3.3. 
Wage Rates
The final rule involves activities that may require efforts by employees in three labor classifications: managerial, technical, and clerical. Costs for each activity are calculated by estimating the labor hours required in each labor category and multiplying those burden hours by the wage rate for the corresponding labor category. This section presents the estimated wage rate in each labor category. 
Loaded wage rates for managerial, technical, and clerical personnel are derived by combining data on wages and fringe benefits with estimates of overhead rates, following the methodology described in Wage Rates for Economic Analysis of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (EPA, 2002b). Wage data for each labor category for December 2012 are provided by the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) Supplemental Tables available on the BLS website (BLS, 2013a). The loaded wage rate is $72.87 for managerial labor; $64.38 for technical labor; and $29.51 for clerical labor. Exhibit 3-1 presents the data used to calculate the loaded wage rates for the three labor categories. Appendix A provides more information on the wage rates and inflation factors used in this analysis.
Exhibit 3-1:	Loaded Industry Wage Rates, December 2012
Labor Category
Data Source
Date
Wage
Fringe Benefit
Fringe as % Wage
Over-head % Wage
Fringe +
Overhead
Loaded Wages[1]

(a)
(b)
(c) =(b)/(a)
(d)
(e)=(c)+
(d)+1
(f)=(a) x (e)
Managerial
BLS ECEC, Private Manufacturing industries, "Mgt, Business, and Financial"[3]
                                     12/12
                                    $43.95 
                                    $21.45 
                                    48.81%
                                      17%
                                     1.66
                                    $72.87
Professional/
Technical
BLS ECEC, Private Manufacturing industries, "Professional and related"[3]
                                     12/12
                                    $38.53 
                                    $19.30 
                                    50.09%
                                      17%
                                     1.67
                                    $64.38
Clerical
BLS ECEC, Private Manufacturing industries, "Office and Administrative Support"[3]
                                     12/12
                                    $17.64 
                                    $8.87 
                                    50.28%
                                      17%
                                     1.67
                                    $29.51
Notes:
1 Wage rates are rounded to the closest pennies; however, unrounded values were used in calculations.
2 An overhead rate of 17 percent was used based on assumptions in Wage Rates for Economic Analyses of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (EPA, 2002b), and the Revised Economic Analysis for the Amended Inventory Update Rule: Final Report (EPA, 2002a).
[3] Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Supplementary Tables December 2012, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 18, 2013 (BLS, 2013a).

Unit Industry Compliance Costs
 Rule Familiarization
The final rule requires submitters and their staff to become familiar with the SNUR and its various requirements. Rule familiarization is estimated to require 0.55 hours of technical labor and 0.27 hours of managerial labor, as described in the Economic Analysis of the Premanufacture Notification Electronic Reporting Final Rule (EPA, 2009a), which measures the costs of mandatory electronic reporting of SNUNs and other TSCA Section 5 notices. As shown in Exhibit 3-2, the total labor cost associated with rule familiarization is estimated at $54.84.
Exhibit 3-2:	Rule Familiarization Burden and Cost for SNUR Submitters
Reporting Activity
Clerical Labor ($29.51/hour)
Technical Labor ($64.38/hour)
Managerial Labor ($72.87/hour)
Total Labor Cost (2012$)

Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Rule Familiarization
                                     0.00
                                     $0.00
                                     0.55
                                    $35.41
                                     0.27
                                    $19.43
                                     0.82
                                    $54.84
Note: 
Costs may not equal labor wage rate multiplied by burden hours as shown, due to rounding. Unrounded values were used in calculations. 
Sources: Wage rates: Exhibit 3-1; Burden estimates: EPA, 2009a.

 CDX Registration, CDX Electronic Signature, and Pay.gov Account Setup
The final SNUR requires submission of a SNUN for any firm that chooses to manufacture (including import) and/or process a chemical for a significant new use. First-time submitters of any TSCA section 5 notice (including Premanufacture Notices (PMNs), SNUNs, Test Market Exemption (TME) applications, Low Volume Exemption (LVE) notices, Low Exposure/Low Release (LoREX) exemption notices, Biotechnology Notices for genetically modified microorganisms, Notices of Commencement of Manufacture or Import (NOCs), and support documents to Section 5 notices) are required to register their company and key users with the CDX reporting tool, deliver a CDX electronic signature to EPA, and establish and use a Pay.gov E-payment account. These activities are only required of first-time submitters of any Section 5 notice. These activities are estimated to require the following burden hours, based on the estimates presented in the Economic Analysis of the Premanufacture Notification Electronic Reporting Final Rule (EPA, 2009a):
CDX registration. EPA estimates that companies will spend approximately 0.18 hours per employee to register with CDX, and that an average of four technical staff members and one manager will need to register for each company, totaling approximately 0.92 hours of burden per company.
CDX electronic signature. EPA estimates that companies will spend 0.25 hours preparing, submitting, and filing an electronic signature agreement (Authentication of Identity) form to EPA per employee. This burden will apply to four technical staff members and one manager per company, totaling 1.25 hours of burden per company. In addition, EPA estimates that a manager will spend an additional 0.50 hours accessing, preparing, and submitting verification forms (Verification of Authorization) for all authorized submitters to EPA. The total burden incurred by companies submitting and then verifying electronic signature agreements is 1.75 hours. Note that this burden does not include any additional time required to contact EPA's CDX help desk to notify a change of submitter status, should one occur. Filing the electronic signature agreement requires an additional mailing cost of $2.60 per company (including five $0.46 stamps and five $0.06 business envelopes).
Payment via Pay.gov account. EPA estimates that one manager per company will spend approximately 0.13 hours setting up a Pay.gov ID account, logging into the system, finding the appropriate form, and filling it out. This burden does not include the time required to click `submit' on the form and wait for payment processing.
As shown in Exhibit 3-3, the labor cost consists of CDX registration, CDX electronic signature, and Pay.gov account setup by a first-time submitter. As noted above, an additional $2.60 in mailing cost per company is attributable to these activities, for a total cost of approximately $192 per company.
Exhibit 3-3:	CDX Registration, CDX Electronic Signature, and Pay.gov Account Setup Burden and Cost for First-Time Submitters
Reporting Activity
Clerical Labor ($29.51/hour)
Technical Labor ($64.38/hour)
Managerial Labor ($72.87/hour)
Total Labor Cost
(2012$)

Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
CDX Registration
                                     0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                     0.73
                                    $47.21 
                                     0.18
                                    $13.36 
                                     0.92
                                    $60.57 
CDX Electronic Signature
                                     0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                       1
                                    $64.38 
                                     0.75
                                    $54.65 
                                     1.75
                                   $119.03 
Mailing Cost
                                       
                                     $2.60
E-Payment (Pay.gov ID)
                                     0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                     0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                     0.13
                                    $9.71 
                                     0.13
                                    $9.71 
Total
                                     0.00
                                     $0.00
                                     1.73
                                     $112
                                     1.07
                                    $77.72
                                     2.80
                                     $192
Note:
Costs may not equal labor wage rate multiplied by burden hours as shown, due to rounding. Unrounded values were used in calculations. 
Sources: Wage rates: see Exhibit 3-1; Burden estimates: EPA, 2009a.

 Form Completion and Submission Fee
Respondents who choose to submit a SNUN are required to gather and submit information regarding the data elements identified in the applicable SNUN reporting form. The methodology and calculations used in this analysis assume that the employee responsible for collecting, filling out, and submitting the requested information has a reasonable level of familiarity with the company and knowledge of operations at the site. It is assumed that for most entities these tasks are similar to other employee duties that require familiarity with EPA, State, and other Federal agency requests for chemical information and do not require additional familiarization or training beyond the basic rule familiarization described above. In addition, this analysis focuses on the marginal costs of submitting information for the final rule and not the total costs for the company to comply with a range of other Federal and State environmental, health, and safety regulations or accounting requirements that rely on this type of information.
Estimates of the costs of completing a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN) form are based on the costs of completing a PMN submission, since the data requirements are the same and the same form is used for both. The PMN submission costs came from EPA's 1994 Regulatory Impact Analysis of Amendments to Regulations for TSCA Section 5 Premanufacture Notifications, which relied on industry estimates of the effort needed to collect and compile all data required for a PMN submission, prepare the form, submit the form and data to EPA, and maintain a file of the submission (EPA, 1994, Table III-2 and pages III-11, -12, and -13). The 1994 estimates were based on a survey conducted by the Chemical Manufacturers Association, which became the American Chemistry Council. These burdens include "the time spent reading and becoming familiar with the form, gathering the required information and preparing the report, producing sanitized responses for items claimed as confidential business information, and maintaining a file of the submission" (EPA, 1994. p. III 11-13). The burden associated with SNUN submission and preparation has been adjusted to reflect burden reductions resulting from the 2009 final PMN Electronic Reporting (ePMN) Rule that requires the electronic submission of all TSCA section 5 notices. Electronic submission of SNUN forms is expected to remove all clerical burden and reduce the recordkeeping burden associated with preparing a SNUN (EPA, 2009a). In addition, electronic submission is expected to generate and an additional 0.18 hours of technical burden, for the completion of the User Fee Payment Identification Number and email address data elements on the electronic SNUN form.
SNUN form completion and electronic submission is estimated to require approximately 74 hours of technical labor and 18 hours of managerial labor (EPA, 2009a). Exhibit 3-4 combines the estimated reporting burden and loaded wage rates for all three labor categories to estimate the per-SNUN cost of form completion. The labor cost incurred by a SNUN submission for both large and small business submitters is estimated at $6,089.
Exhibit 3-4:	Industry Cost Estimate to Complete the SNUN Form
Reporting Activity
Clerical Labor ($29.51/hour)
Technical Labor ($64.38/hour)
Managerial Labor ($72.87/hour)
Total Labor Cost
(2012$)

Burden
Cost
Burden[1]
Cost
Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Form Completion
                                     0.00
                                     $0.00
                                     74.2
                                    $4,777
                                      18
                                    $1,312
                                     92.2
                                    $6,089 
Note:
1. Costs may not equal labor wage rate multiplied by burden hours as shown, due to rounding. 
2. Loaded wages include fringe benefits and overhead. See Exhibit 3-1 of this report for derivation. Wage rates presented in this table are rounded; however, unrounded values were used in calculations. For this reason, total labor costs may not equal the product of rounded values.
3. The estimate of zero clerical burden is taken from the Economic Analysis of the Premanufacture Notice Electronic Reporting Final Rule (EPA, 2009a, page 7).
4. Technical and managerial labor burden is from the PMN Amendments RIA (EPA, 1994, Table III-2). An additional eleven minutes (0.18 hours) of technical burden is estimated to complete the User Fee Payment Identification Number and Email Address data elements on the Electronic SNUN form (EPA, 2009a, page 15).
Sources:  Burden estimated: EPA, 1994 and EPA, 2009a; Wage rates: see Exhibit 3-1.

In addition, each submitting large business must pay a $2,500 per-SNUN submission fee, and each submitting small business must pay a $100 per-SNUN submission fee. Exhibit 3-5 adds the labor cost and submission fee to estimate the total cost of a SNUN submission. The total cost of a SNUN submission is $8,589 for large business submitters and $6,189 for small business submitters.
Exhibit 3-5:	Industry Cost Estimate to Complete and Submit the SNUN Form
Reporting Population
Labor Cost
Submission Fee
Total Cost
(2012$)
Large Business Submitters
$6,089 
$2,500 
$8,589 
Small Business Submitters
$6,089 
$100 
$6,189 
Source: Labor cost: see Exhibit 3-4; Submission fees: EPA, 1994

Recordkeeping for Companies Choosing to Submit a SNUN
Companies submitting a SNUN must, under 40 CFR §721.40, keep records of the information contained in the SNUN. Some EPA reports have assumed that SNUN recordkeeping hours will be five percent of SNUN submission hours, or about five to six hours. For this report, the SNUN recordkeeping hours were included in the SNUN submission hours (see Section 3.2.3) and the SNUN recordkeeping costs under 40 CFR §721.40 were not separately estimated.
       Recordkeeping for Companies that Do Not Submit a SNUN
If a firm that manufactures (including imports) or processes a substance subject to the final SNUR chooses not to submit a SNUN, they must keep records that document compliance with SNUR conditions for avoiding a Significant New Use. Such recordkeeping requirements essentially involve copying and filing relevant records, including those related to category of use. Records must be maintained for five years from the date of their creation (40 CFR 721.40). For firms that choose to not submit a SNUN, costs for compliance with the recordkeeping requirements are estimated to be five percent of the reporting burden for reporting information for a specific section of the SNUN form and are performed by clerical staff (EPA, 2005b, pages 10 and 14). EPA used the per-activity burden for reporting, human exposure, category of use and releases to the environment presented in the Information Collection Request (ICR) for TSCA Section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rules for Existing Chemicals (Renewal) (EPA, 2005b, page 12). Any clerical burden associated with these activities was removed to reflect the burden reduction associated with electronic submissions (EPA, 2009a). 
The recordkeeping burden for a company that does not submit a SNUN is estimated at 0.15 hours and $9.66 and is derived in Exhibit 3-6. 
Exhibit 3-6:	Annual Per-Chemical Costs of Recordkeeping Requirement for Companies that Choose not to Submit a SNUN
Reporting Activity
Per Activity Burden (Hours)
% of Reporting Burden Attributed to Recordkeeping 
Total Labor Cost
(2012$)

Burden
Cost
Category of Use[1]
                                       3
                                      5%
                                     0.15
                                    $9.66 
Notes: For the category of use reporting activity, the burden is associated with technical labor. See Exhibit 3-1 for the technical wage rate.

Source:
1 US EPA, 2005b Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics Information Collection Request (ICR) for TSCA Section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rules for Existing Chemicals (Renewal),page 13.

 
Customer Notification
Manufacturers (including importers) and processors of chemicals subject to SNURs must notify recipients of such chemicals of the SNUR or verify that knowledge of the SNUR has been otherwise acquired by recipients, or that the recipients are unable to engage in significant new uses. Since it is not expected that all such entities will have complete knowledge of all uses of any products subject to a SNUR, and because filing a SNUN could require significantly more burden, it is assumed that manufacturers, (including importers) and processors will most often choose to notify their customers of SNUR regulatory activities. As this notification may be accomplished by simply annotating an MSDS, EPA estimates the associated burden to be about one hour of a technical employee's time or $64.38 per manufacturer (including importer) or processor per chemical. The final SNUR will cover PFAS Chemical Substances and LCPFACs for use as part of carpet or to treat carpets; however EPA believes these chemicals are not used in the U.S. and therefore no manufacturers, processors, or importers will be affected. Therefore, customer notifications will not be necessary. 
Import Certification
In general, promulgation of a SNUR triggers a TSCA Section 13 import certification requirement and the corresponding regulations at 19 CFR §12.118 to 12.127 and 19 CFR §127.28 for all imports of the relevant chemical substances. Thus, any U.S. manufacturer (including importer) or processor receiving an imported shipment of chemicals subject to the final SNUR will have to certify that all chemical substances in the shipment either comply with all applicable rules and orders under TSCA or that all chemical substances in the shipment are not subject to TSCA. The statement must be on or attached to a commercial invoice or entry document belonging to the imported shipment.
Import certification is fulfilled by checking a box on an invoice or entry document and EPA assumes that it generally imposes no additional burden or cost on the importer. Any potential burden associated with submitter's familiarization with this requirement is assumed to be included in the more general SNUR familiarization burden discussed above.
Export Notification
Under Section 12(b) of TSCA, exporters must notify EPA if they export or intend to export a chemical subject to various TSCA sections (40 CFR §707.60 through 75). For TSCA 5(a)(2) (the section under which EPA promulgates significant new use rules) and certain other TSCA sections, this is a one-time notification requirement per destination country for each exporter of a chemical substance. After receiving a notification from a firm, EPA notifies the importing country and the United States State Department (40 CFR §707.70). To calculate the burden associated with making a single export notification, EPA first estimated the average annual number of export notifications made by an exporter. EPA then derived the annual and per notification burden associated with preparing and submitting an export notification. 
EPA estimated the average burden associated with making a single notification, but did not estimate either the total number of exporters of a SNUR chemical or the number of notifications per SNUR chemical. This is because the SNURs apply to a variety of different chemicals with a variety of unrelated uses, manufacturers, and processors, making it impractical within the resources available for this report to assess the potential number of exporters and importing countries per chemical. 
Most underlying data in this section come from the (2009 TSCA Section 12(b) ICR), ICR No.: 0795.13 OMB Control Number 2070-0030 [Information Collection Request for] Notification of Chemical Exports - TSCA Section 12(b) Supporting Statement for Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act (EPA, 2009b). 
 Estimated Number of Annual Export Notifications per Exporter
EPA's 2009 TSCA Section 12(b) ICR estimated that the average exporter making notifications would make 12 notifications per year.  This includes notifications resulting from SNURs and notifications resulting from other TSCA activities. Therefore, it is likely that an exporter will make less than 12 notifications per year as a result of this final SNUR. A notification is typically no more than one page per chemical/country combination, and one notification mailing often includes multiple chemicals and/or destination countries. 
The percent of notifications resulting from SNURs in general is unknown, and it is also unknown how many notifications may result from this rulemaking, as not all manufacturers may choose to export a chemical, or they may make several notifications for a single chemical. 
 Exporter Costs
The 2009 TSCA Section 12(b) ICR (EPA, 2009b, page 11, Table 3), estimated the annual export notification cost for an exporter under the one-time export notification requirement. These costs include the cost to the exporter of compiling a list of their products that are subject to TSCA Section 12(b) requirements, writing or revising an export notification letter to EPA, checking the outgoing shipments, and sending the notification letters with the associated shipping costs.
The per-notification cost was calculated based on the average burden per firm. Exporters who make a larger number of notifications per year may benefit from economies of scale and have lower costs per notification; conversely firms making fewer notifications may have a higher cost per notification.
Estimated Submission (Mailing) Costs. Regulated companies will incur mailing costs for export notifications delivered to EPA. Notifications are assumed shipped via the U.S. Postal Service (U.S. PS) as first-class registered mail with a return receipt (U.S. PS, 2012). The estimated per-shipment and annual mailing costs incurred by individual submitters are detailed in Exhibit 3-7.
Exhibit 3-7:	Derivation of Total Mailing Cost for 12 Notices
Postal Service 
Cost
Registered mail, regular, with $0 declared value
$11.20 
Return receipt, requested at time of mailing (receive by mail)
$2.55 
Postage, regular First Class, up to 1 ounce
$0.46 
	Cost per export notice - Subtotal
$14.21 

x 12
	Total Mailing Cost for 12 Notices
$171 
Source:  Mailing rates are from the U.S. Postal Service web site as of January 2012 (http://www.usps.com/prices/). The assumption on the mailing method is based on the Economic Analysis of the Proposed Change to TSCA Section 12(b) Export Notification Requirements, November 2005 (EPA, 2005a), as clarified in a later SNUR economic analysis (EPA, 2007c, Table 8). 

Compile and Maintain the List of Products. Since TSCA §12(b) information collection activity has been in place for twenty years, most respondents will have already developed a list of their products subject to TSCA §12(b) export notification. Respondents need only check for new regulations promulgated and any new products exported by the company. Updating the list is estimated to take an average of one hour of technical time, which may also include some proportion of legal time (EPA, 2009b). The total burden can vary from two hours per year up to two hours per month, depending on the number of products exported by the company and the number of their products subject to TSCA §12(b) (EPA, 2009b).
The number of submitters per year who report under TSCA §12(b) has varied over time, rising from around 160 in 1991 to over 460 in 2000, and declining since. In the most recent TSCA §12(b) ICR, EPA estimated that there will be approximately 300 submitters per year in near-future years (EPA, 2009b). Of these 300 submitters, EPA estimated that 200 companies were near the lower burden estimate of two hours per year, and 100 companies were near the upper estimate of 24 hours per year. Compiling the list for all respondents was therefore estimated to take 2,800 hours (2 hours x 200 firms plus 24 hours x 100 firms), or an average of about 9.3 hours of technical time per firm per year for 12 notifications per year (EPA, 2009b).
Write or Revise Export Notification. Companies that export chemicals subject to TSCA §12(b) reporting must prepare an export notification to send to EPA when export shipments are made. Time for initial preparation of the export notice may vary depending on whether the company has prior experience with this requirement. This step is estimated to take an average of one hour of technical time (which may also include some proportion of legal time) per firm per year for 12 notifications per year (EPA, 2009b).
Check Orders and Send Notifications. Companies that export chemicals subject to TSCA §12(b) reporting must check outgoing shipments against the list of their products described above. A form letter notifying EPA and providing the required data must be printed and mailed within the required time period. This process is estimated to take an average one half hour of clerical time per export notification or six hours for 12 notifications (EPA, 2009b). 
The burdens and associated costs for each notification activity are provided in Exhibit 3-8. EPA estimates that the burden associated with making one notification is approximately 1.4 hours and $84. 
Exhibit 3-8:	TSCA 12(b) Export Notification Cost per Notification
Notification Activity
Technical Labor
Clerical Labor
Total

Wage Rate ($/hr)
Burden
Cost
Wage Rate ($/hr)
Burden
Cost
Burden
Cost
Compile list
                                    $64.38 
                                      9.3
                                     $599 
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      9.3
                                     $599 
Write letter
                                    $64.38 
                                       1
                                     $64 
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                       1
                                     $64 
Check order and send notice
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                    $29.51 
                                       6
                                     $177 
                                       6
                                     $177 
Mailing cost[1]
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                      --
                                     $171 
Total per average facility[2`]
                                       
                                    10.30 
                                   $663.12 
                                       
                                     6.00 
                                   $177.05 
                                    16.30 
                                  $1,010.69 
Total per Notification
                                       
                                    $0.86 
                                    $55.26 
                                       
                                     0.50 
                                    $14.75 
                                     1.36 
                                    $84.22 
Notes: 
Costs may not equal labor wage rate multiplied by burden hours as shown due to rounding. Unrounded values were used in calculations. 
[1] Mailing costs reflect January 2012 USPS rates and can be found in Exhibit 3-7.
[2] An average facility submitting notifications is assumed to submit 12 export notifications per year.
Source: Appendix A of this report derives technical and clerical hourly labor costs. Burden hour estimates are from ICR No.: 0795.13 ICR for Notification of Chemical Exports - TSCA Section 12(b) Supporting Statement for Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act (EPA, 2009b, p.10). 
Article Importation
The final SNUR will require importers of LCPFAC chemical substances as part of carpets to notify EPA at least 90 days before importing any articles containing chemicals subject to the final rule. The final rule may also affect firms that do not currently import articles containing the chemicals, but who may be interested in importing these articles in the future. Importers have varying levels of knowledge about the chemical content of the articles they import, yet under TSCA the definition of "manufacture" means to "import..., produce or manufacture" and importers are responsible parties under the final SNUR. In order to understand and monitor their liability, companies might undertake a range of activities to ensure that the articles they import do not violate existing regulations. 
Potential Compliance Activities (Article Importers)
The rule does not prescribe steps that an importer must take to identify a chemical subject to a SNUR in articles, there are a variety of specific actions that a company could take to identify specific substances in its articles. Importers are expected to take actions that are commensurate with the level of risk each company perceives, and the resources it has available.
There is currently no single widely accepted standard procedure to identify regulated chemicals in a supply chain; however, there are a number of organizations that help provide information on the content of articles, organize declarations from suppliers, or certify suppliers based on materials or processes used. Importers subject to SNURs may refer to these sources for assistance in their own strategy to identify a chemical subject to a SNUR in articles.
ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), has developed a Standard Guide for Assessment of Materials and Products for Declarable Substances ("ASTM F2577") which provides guidance for the decision process to assess materials and products for declarable substances. Based on ASTM F2577, the following list includes activities that an importer might perform to identify any restricted chemicals in imported articles. This list is intended to capture the general types of activities that might be performed.  
   1) Understand applicable requirements (Per Firm Cost). The importer would read and understand the SNUR, within the context of the company's products. This burden is as derived in Section 3.2.1f this report.
   2) Identify the type of imported articles that potentially contain the restricted substances (Per Firm Cost). This determination may be done based on an understanding of the uses of the restricted substance and the application of any a priori knowledge of the material and its manufacture to assess the probability that each regulated substance may be present.
   3) Identify all suppliers involved (Per Firm Cost). The importer may choose to identify all suppliers from whom the articles identified in the previous step are imported and, as appropriate, make them aware of the importer's potential notice obligations respecting the regulated chemical substances.
   4) Collect data from suppliers (Per Article Cost). Importers may choose to obtain verification from suppliers identified in step 3 that the regulated chemical substance is not found in the article. This may be accomplished through, for example, agreements with suppliers, declarations through databases or surveys, or by using a third-party certification system. 
   5) Chemical testing (Per Article Cost). Importers may perform their own laboratory testing of certain articles (or components of articles) to determine if they contain the restricted substance. 
   6) Recordkeeping (Per Firm Cost). The importer may choose to keep records confirming the activities completed.
Exhibit 3-9contains the cost ranges associated with the above activities. The activities and cost derivations are discussed in more detail in Understanding the Costs Associated with Eliminating Exemptions for Articles in SNURs (EPA, 2013). 
Exhibit 3-9:	Range of Costs Associated with an Importer's Identification of Chemicals Subject to SNURs in Articles
Activity
Cost (2012$)
Notes
                                Per Rule Costs
Rule familiarization
                                      $55
Discussed in Section 3.2.1of this document
Identify the type of imported articles that potentially contain the restricted substances
                                $130 to $1,550
Actual costs may vary based on number of articles imported and the complexity of the article itself (number of components)
Identify all suppliers involved
                                     $950
Actual costs may vary depending on the number of articles imported, number of suppliers, and frequency of supplier changes
Recordkeeping
                                      $10
Actual costs may vary depending on recordkeeping system already in place. This cost would particularly be associated with companies that have no previous experience complying with chemical restriction rules; companies that already have methods in place to identify chemicals in articles likely already have recordkeeping systems in place
                           Per Article-Related Costs
                          Collect data from suppliers
$5 to $515 per article reviewed.
$0 if no data collected.
Actual costs only apply to those companies that choose to collect data from suppliers. They will vary depending on the specific data collection method chosen. Total costs depend on considerations including the number of articles imported, number of suppliers, and frequency of supplier changes.
                               Chemical testing
$130 per article tested. $0 if no testing.
Actual costs only apply to those companies that choose to collect data from suppliers. They will vary depending on the specific chemical being tested for; the complexity of the article and sample preparation required; and the exact fees of the laboratory chosen for the analysis. Total costs per company will depend on considerations including the number of articles tested, which may be affected by the number of suppliers and risk associated with each, and frequency of supplier changes.
Source: EPA, 2013

Variation in costs associated with these activities would depend on a company's level of activity to comply with other regulations on chemicals in articles, the complexity of the supply chains; and the size of the company. Total costs per article importer will further depend on the number of affected articles and the frequency of supplier change. Total costs associated with these activities to any article importer are not quantified, but are believed to be minimal for this particular SNUR for a variety of reasons outlined below. 
Firms with less experience with other regulations that are planning to import articles that could potentially be composed of the regulated chemicals or those importers who choose to look at articles they are currently importing may incur a larger burden should they choose to conduct some or all of the activities listed above to ensure compliance. For example these firms may choose to reach out to a wide variety of upstream firms to gather information on the chemical content of articles, such as, through MSDSs or other documentation.
Costs associated with these activities are not quantified, but are believed to be very minimal as associated with this particular SNUR. As detailed in Section 2.3.2, EPA believes that the LCPFAC chemical substances included in this final rule are no longer being manufactured (including imported) or processed for use as part of carpet or for treating carpet (e.g., for use in the carpet aftercare market) in the United States and that LCPFAC chemical substances are not being imported as part of carpets, except for use of two chemical substances in carpet cleaning solution. Therefore, EPA believes that article importers would incur costs at the lower end of the ranges presented in, as a result of this rule. For those companies choosing to undertake actions to assess the composition of the articles they import, EPA expects that in all likelihood, these importers would take actions that are commensurate with the level of risk (of a chemical to be a part of an article) each company perceives, and the resources it has available.
Summary of per Submission Costs, by Option
The number of firms affected that do not make submissions to EPA (see Option 2 in Exhibit 3-10) is not known; therefore, costs are not aggregated across the affected entities. The following table summarizes the per-company per-chemical costs to comply with the final rule amendment, as described in more detail in section 3.2 above.
Exhibit 3-10:	Compliance Options and Associated Costs Incurred by a Firm Due to the Final SNUR
Option[1]
Costs
Quantified Costs per Chemical (2011$)[2]
1.
Electronic submission of a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN), indicating to EPA that the firm would like to manufacture (including import) or process the chemical for a Significant New Use as defined in the SNUR.
Costs of submitting a SNUN, including rule familiarization, CDX registration (for companies that are first-time submitters), form completion, user fee, export notification, and any test costs. 
$54.84 rule familiarization cost; $8,589 submission cost (including SNUN recordkeeping under 40 CFR §721.40 and fee $2,500 for large businesses). EPA usually receives well under ten SNUNs per year. Export notifications costs are estimated at $84.22 per notification; total cost per company would vary. First time submitters would incur $191.91 for CDX registration and associated activities. Companies manufacturing (including importing) or processing a chemical currently used in commerce in the United States would incur a cost $64.38 for notifying consumers of SNUR regulatory activities. 
2.
Manufacture(including import) or process in a way that avoids a Significant New Use.
Cost of the profit foregone as a result of not engaging in the commercial activity originally planned (opportunity costs), recordkeeping, and export notification costs. 
Opportunity costs are not quantified. Other costs include rule familiarization ($54.84), recordkeeping ($9.66), export notification costs ($84.22 per notification), and customer notification ($64.38) may apply. Costs associated with article importation may include activities such as article identification ($130 to $1,550), supplier identification ($950) recordkeeping ($10), collecting data from suppliers ($5 to $515 per article), and testing ($130 per article tested).
Notes:
[1] Firms may be subject to both options at once since submission of a SNUN results in profits foregone as a result of not manufacturing (including importing) or processing the chemical.
2 Quantified costs are attributable to the SNUR only if a firm would not otherwise follow the specified practices. Costs are detailed in Section 3.2.
3 EPA does not require the development of test data for submission of a SNUN, although a firm may submit test data already in its possession and/or describe any other available data. Because EPA does not require the development of test data, EPA assumes that no firms will incur testing costs as a result of the SNUR.

Likelihood of SNUN Submission
This analysis assumes that no entities are expected to submit a SNUN. EPA has, over the years, promulgated SNURs that cover a total of more than 1,000 chemicals. In response, the Agency receives only a handful of SNUNs per year. For example, the number of SNUNs received was six in Federal fiscal year (FY) 2007, eight in FY2008, seven in FY2009, two in FY2010, and ten in FY2011. In addition, as discussed in sections 2.3, all of the chemicals subject to this final rule are currently not being manufactured (including imported) or processed. It is important to note that LCPFCs have recently been a focus of EPA activities aimed to reduce these chemicals, which resulted in a drive by industry to stop using LCPFACs as part of carpet or to treat carpets. Therefore, it is unlikely that manufacturers will resume use of LCPFACs in carpets or carpet treatments. This suggests that it is unlikely a firm will submit a SNUN. 
Potential for Subsequent Regulatory Actions 
The Agency recognizes that if submission of a SNUN does result from a SNUR, the Agency may take additional regulatory actions under TSCA. These additional regulatory actions might be necessary to further evaluate an intended new use and associated activities, or to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs to prevent unreasonable risk of injury to human health or the environment. It is not known what specific subsequent regulatory actions, if any, the Agency may determine are necessary after reviewing a SNUN. Any such actions are highly dependent on the circumstances surrounding the individual SNUN (e.g., available information and scientific understanding about the chemical and its risks at the time the SNUN is being reviewed). 
Should the Agency's review of the SNUN result in further regulatory actions, the Agency would initiate and follow the appropriate procedures for taking those actions. Included in those procedures would be an assessment of the costs and benefits of those actions. 

Agency Costs
As described in the following sections, EPA's costs to review and process SNUN submissions are assumed to be the same as EPA costs to review PMNs. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Labor Rates for EPA Staff 
Agency labor costs are calculated based on annual Federal salaries for the Washington-Baltimore area published by the Office of Personnel Management effective January 2012 (OPM, 2012). EPA assumes that, on average, a federal GS-13, Step 5 full-time equivalent (FTE) will conduct its collection and administrative activities under the final rule. The average salary for a GS-13 Step 5 employee was $100,904 in 2011 without fringe benefits and overhead costs. In order to derive the fully loaded salary, EPA multiplied the annual salary by an assumed loading factor of 1.6 to reflect federal fringe benefits and overhead (EPA, 2009c), which results in a fully loaded annual salary of $161,446 (see Exhibit 4-1). Dividing the fully loaded annual salary by 2,080 hours (i.e., the number of hours in a work year) yields an estimated hourly FTE wage rate of $77.62.
Fully loaded costs for Agency labor are shown in Exhibit 4-1.
Exhibit 4-1:	Derivation of Loaded Agency Wage Rates, 2012
Labor Category
Data Source
Date
Wage
Fringe Benefit
Fringes as % wage
Overhead as % wage
Fringe + overhead factor
Loaded Wages

(a)
(b)
(c)=(b)/(a)
(d)
(e)=(c)+(d)+1
(f)=(a)*(e)
EPA staff FTE
Annual Federal staff cost: OPM Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-PA-VA-WV, area, GS-13 Step 5 pay rates, with 60% overhead[1]
                                   Jan 2012
                               $100,904 (annual)
                                      --
                           Included in 60% overhead
                                    60%[2]
                                     1.60
                               $161,446 (annual)
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                $48.51 (hourly)
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                $77.62 (hourly)
Notes:
[1] The Agency salary is the unloaded federal GS-13 Step 5 salary ($100,904 for 2012), from the OPM salary table for the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia Locality Pay Area (OPM, 2012). Hourly rates are based on annual salary divided by 2,080 hours.
[2] The 60% fringes-and-overhead rate is from an EPA guide, Instructions for Preparing Information Collection Requests (ICRs) (EPA, 2009c).

SNUN Processing Costs 
The list of review steps, estimates of extramural costs, and the percent of chemicals requiring a particular review step are derived from the costs for processing PMN submissions in Table VII-1 of a 1994 EPA report, Regulatory Impact Analysis of Amendments to Regulations for TSCA Section 5 Premanufacture Notifications (EPA, 1994). The Agency burden associated with processing a PMN has been adjusted to reflect burden reductions resulting from the 2009 final PMN Electronic Reporting (ePMN) Rule that requires the electronic submission of all TSCA section 5 notices. Electronic submission of SNUN forms is expected to reduce Agency burden by 16.5 percent (EPA, 2009b, p.28).
For each review step, the "EPA staff" cost is calculated by multiplying the number of FTEs (in the first column) by the fully loaded hourly salary. This shows EPA staff cost for chemicals requiring the selected review step. 
The Extramural Cost column shows costs for contractor support and other outside purchases for chemicals requiring the selected review step, and is inflated from 1993 prices using the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Cost Index (ECI) data (BLS, 2013c). The ECI for total compensation (not seasonally adjusted) of private industry professional and related workers (Series ID CIU2010000120000I) is used because it is the only series with continuous data since 1985, and that includes professional and technical labor, which perform the majority of Agency extramural activities. Exhibit 4-2 contains the derivation of inflation factors for Agency extramural costs.
Exhibit 4-2:	Derivation of Inflation Factors for Agency Extramural Costs
Item
Inflation Index Source[1]
Starting year
Index for starting year
(a)
Index for 2012
(b)
Inflation factor 
(b)/(a) 2
Agency Extramural costs  Professional and  Related Private Industry
BLS ECI, Total comp, Private industry, Professional and related, 4[th] Q [BLS, 2013c][3]
                                     1993
                                     67.0
                                     118.2
                                     1.76
Notes:
[1] In 2006, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Cost Index (ECI) series "were rebased to December 2005 = 100 from June 1989 = 100."  The change is reflected in the indices in this table and explained on the BLS website, Employment Cost Index News Release Text: Employment Cost Index, March 2006 (BLS, 2006b).  The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was not rebased.
2 Inflation factors are rounded; unrounded values were used in calculations.  
3 Beginning with the report Economic Analysis of Expedited Significant New Use Rules for 25 Chemical Substances: EPA Docket OPPT-2009-0922 (EPA 2011b), we began to use the not-seasonally adjusted CIU2010000120000I for private industry Professional, and Related workers, instead of SA CIS2010000W00000I for private industry white collar workers because BLS retired the "white-collar" series.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment Cost Index  -  Total Compensation: Professional and Related Private Industry, Not Seasonally Adjusted. (Series ID: CIU2010000120000I (B)), extracted March 18, 2013. http:/data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/srgate. (BLS 2013c).

The `Percent of Cases column' in Exhibit 4-3 is a weighting factor applied to reflect the fact that not all chemicals require each review step. For example, in the PMN process, all chemicals require Administrative Prescreening, but not all chemicals require the intensive scrutiny of "Standard Review."  The three types of submissions resulting from a SNUR may have weighting factors that differ from each other and from the weighting factors for PMNs. Changes in weighting factors could cause actual review costs to be higher or lower than calculated here. For example, some SNUNs require little review because they are determined to be "invalid"  -  i.e. not required in the first place. However, often a SNUN may take more Agency time than a typical PMN because of factors such as the need to retrieve old PMN records from archives, and the likelihood that more data requiring EPA review are submitted with a SNUN than would be submitted on average with a PMN. Resources were not available to update the review hours to reflect the current review process or to tailor the cost estimates to SNUNs. Therefore, for this analysis, the review steps and weighting factors are assumed to be the same as those derived in 1994 for PMNs.
Values in the `Weighted Cost' column are calculated by multiplying the un-weighted costs (EPA staff cost plus extramural costs) by the percentage of cases requiring this review step. Weighted costs are then multiplied by the burden reduction of 16.5 percent to account for burden savings generated electronic submission. This calculation yields total Agency costs of $5,086 per SNUN, for submission review and processing, as shown in Exhibit 4-3.
Exhibit 4-3:	Agency Costs for SNUN and Other Submission Review and Processing
Review Steps
EPA Staff (FTE) Cost
Extramural Cost[2]
Unweighted Cost
% of Cases
Weighted Cost[3]
Burden Reduction[4]
Weighted Cost with Burden Reduction

FTE Fraction
Cost per FTE[1]
FTE Total (2012$)
1993$ 
2012$ 

(a)
(b)
(c)=(a)*(b)
(d)
(e)
(f)=(c)+(e)
(g)
(h)=(f)*(g)
(i)
(j)=(h)*(1-(i))
Pre-notice consultation
                                    0.0024
                                   $161,446 
                                   $387.47 
                                     $4.00
                                    $7.06 
                                     $395 
                                      41%
                                   $161.76 
                                     0.165
                                     $135 
Administrative prescreen/ notice receipt/user fee
                                    0.0024
                                   $161,446 
                                   $387.47 
                                    $92.00
                                   $162.30 
                                     $550 
                                     100%
                                   $549.78 
                                     0.165
                                     $459 
CRSS (Chemical Review and Search Strategy)
                                    0.0025
                                   $161,446 
                                   $403.62 
                                    $268.00
                                   $472.80 
                                     $876 
                                     100%
                                   $876.42 
                                     0.165
                                     $732 
SAT (Structure Activity Team)
                                    0.0006
                                   $161,446 
                                    $96.87 
                                    $14.00
                                    $24.70 
                                     $122 
                                     100%
                                   $121.57 
                                     0.165
                                     $102 
Engineering/Exposure
                                    0.0015
                                   $161,446 
                                   $242.17 
                                    $56.00
                                    $98.79 
                                     $341 
                                     100%
                                   $340.96 
                                     0.165
                                     $285 
Exposure/Fate
                                    0.0008
                                   $161,446 
                                   $129.16 
                                     $0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                     $129 
                                     100%
                                   $129.16 
                                     0.165
                                     $108 
Focus
                                    0.0009
                                   $161,446 
                                   $145.30 
                                    $23.00
                                    $40.58 
                                     $186 
                                     100%
                                   $185.88 
                                     0.165
                                     $155 
Standard Review Functions
                                    0.0219
                                   $161,446 
                                  $3,535.68 
                                    $511.00
                                   $901.50 
                                    $4,437 
                                      29%
                                  $1,286.78 
                                     0.165
                                    $1,074 
Division Directors Meeting
                                    0.0129
                                   $161,446 
                                  $2,082.66 
                                    $113.00
                                   $199.35 
                                    $2,282 
                                      15%
                                   $342.30 
                                     0.165
                                     $286 
Order Development/Negotiation Review
                                    0.0171
                                   $161,446 
                                  $2,760.73 
                                    $22.00
                                    $38.81 
                                    $2,800 
                                      3%
                                    $83.99 
                                     0.165
                                     $70 
Post Order Data Review
                                    0.0886
                                   $161,446 
                                  $14,304.15 
                                     $0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                   $14,304 
                                      3%
                                   $429.12 
                                     0.165
                                     $358 
Order Modification
                                    0.2167
                                   $161,446 
                                  $34,985.43 
                                     $0.00
                                    $0.00 
                                   $34,985 
                                      3%
                                  $1,049.56 
                                     0.165
                                     $876 
New Chemical SNUR Development
                                    0.0277
                                   $161,446 
                                  $4,472.07 
                                    $85.00
                                   $149.96 
                                    $4,622 
                                      7%
                                   $323.54 
                                     0.165
                                     $270 
Notices of Commencement
                                    0.0012
                                   $161,446 
                                   $193.74 
                                    $40.00
                                    $70.57 
                                     $264 
                                      31%
                                    $81.93 
                                     0.165
                                     $68 
FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) Requests
                                    0.0333
                                   $161,446 
                                  $5,376.17 
                                    $287.00
                                   $506.32 
                                    $5,882 
                                      1%
                                    $58.82 
                                     0.165
                                     $49 
CBI (Confidential Business Information) Substantiation
                                    0.0004
                                   $161,446 
                                    $64.58 
                                     $3.00
                                    $5.29 
                                     $70 
                                     100%
                                    $69.87 
                                     0.165
                                     $58 
TOTAL
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                    $6,091
                                     0.165
                                    $5,086 
Notes:
[1] GS-13 Step 5 salaries loaded with benefits and overhead. See Exhibit 4-1 for derivation.
[2] Extramural costs consist of contracting support and other purchases directly attributable to the PMN review process inflated from 1993 prices using Exhibit 4-2. 
3 Weighted costs were calculated using unrounded unit cost estimates. 
[4] Electronic submission is expected to generate a cost savings of 16.5% to the Agency (EPA 2009a, p. 28).
Sources: FTEs per review step, 1993 extramural costs, and percent of cases are from EPA, 1994 Table VII-1; GS-13 salaries are from OPM, 2012.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Export Notification Cost
Under TSCA Section 12(b), exporters must notify EPA if they intend to export chemicals subject to SNURs, as described in Section 3.2.7. The Agency burden and cost due to TSCA §12(b) export notification result from three tasks. In the first task, EPA receives export notifications from companies that intend to export one of the chemicals subject to TSCA §12(b) (EPA, 2009b). In the second task, EPA staff prepares separate notification letters that are subsequently reviewed and delivered to importing countries, their embassies, or representatives, and to the importing country's U.S. embassies (EPA, 2009b). (See Exhibit 3-7 for the cost of mailing one notification). The third task is comprised of EPA staff responses to public inquiries and other TSCA 12(b) activities. The work of responding to non-routine requests for information and clarification from industry and importing countries, and of handling other tasks associated with the TSCA §12(b) program, was estimated to require roughly 400 hours per year (EPA, 2009b). Since the current rulemaking covers only a very small percent of the chemicals subject to TSCA 12(b) reporting, a very small percent of such activity will be attributable to the current rulemaking. 
Because it is unknown how many, if any, notifications EPA will receive or send as a result of the current rulemaking, the costs to the Agency are presented per activity. The estimated burden for the first two Agency activities is provided in Exhibit 4-4. To estimate the Agency cost, hourly burdens are multiplied by the loaded wage rate of a GS-13, Step 5, which is derived in Exhibit 4-1. 
Exhibit 4-4:	TSCA 12(b) Export Notification Cost: Agency Burden per Activity (2012$)
Agency Activity
Hours per Activity
FTE per Activity[1]
Loaded Wages
Mailing Cost
Total Agency Cost per Activity

GS-13, Step 5 FTE 

(a)
(b) = (a)/2,080
(c)
(d)
(e) = ((b)*(c))+(d)
Process an incoming notification from an exporting company
                                      0.1
                                    0.00005
                                   $161,446 
                                    $0.00 
                                    $7.76 
Prepare and mail a notification to an importing country
                                      0.5
                                    0.00024
                                   $161,446 
                                    $14.21 
                                    $53.02 
Notes:
[1] The burden associated with an Agency activity is the burden for the Agency to process one incoming notification, or to prepare and mail an outgoing notification. 
Source: Appendix A of this report derives Agency labor costs. Mailing costs are from Exhibit 3-7 of this report. Other burden estimates are from ICR No.: 0795.13 [Information Collection Request for] Notification of Chemical Exports - TSCA Section 12(b) Supporting Statement for Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act (EPA 2009b), adjusted for inflation.

Benefits
A SNUN submission provides EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs. It allows the Agency to take immediate action to mitigate an activity that the Agency deems harmful to the environment or human health. Thesauri allows EPA to evaluate the use of, or exposure to these chemicals and allow the Agency to take preventive action to limit or prohibit any Significant New Use. 
Long-chain perfluorinated chemicals (LCPFCs) are found world-wide in the environment, wildlife, and humans. They are bioaccumulative in wildlife and humans, are persistent in the environment, and toxic to mammalian species (Danish Ministry of the Environment, 2008 and OECD, 2002). Based on currently available information, EPA believes that while all PFAS chemical substances are expected to persist, the length of the perfluorinated chain may also have an effect on bioaccumulation and toxicity, and that chemical substances with longer carbon chain lengths may be of greater concern than those with shorter chain lengths (3M Company, 1999b, 3M Company, 1999c, and Kudo et.al, 2001). LCPFAC chemical substances have been detected in human blood samples throughout the United States and the world. These compounds have also been detected in human breast milk, liver, umbilical cord blood, and seminal plasma. Individual samples collected on perfluorinated chemical substances in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2009 are similar across teens and adults; however, pooled data from NHANES 2001-2002 indicate that most of the levels of perfluorinated compounds are higher in children ages 3-11 years compared to adults (EPA, 2009d). To date, significant adverse effects have not been found in the general human population; however, LCPFCs have been linked to a number of health effects, including thyroid disease and reproductive function (Knox, et al., 2011; Melzer, et al., 2010).
The SNUR will allow EPA to address the potential environmental and human health effects that may result from releases of PFAS and LCPFAC chemical substances into the environment, by allowing the Agency to evaluate the use of these chemicals, and to take preventive action to limit or prohibit any Significant New Use. EPA also expects that the rule may restrict future uses of the chemicals, as a company may choose modify planned uses, in such a way that does not trigger a SNUR, as opposed to submitting a SNUN. Therefore, the SNUR may limit future exposure to the chemicals.  
Additional Analyses
Regulatory Flexibility Act 
Pursuant to section 605(b) of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the Agency hereby certifies that promulgation of this SNUR will not have a significant adverse economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The rationale supporting this conclusion is as follows. The requirement to submit a SNUN applies to any person (including small or large entities) who intends to engage in any activity described in the rule as a significant new use. Where a use is new, by definition no small or large entities presently engage in such activities. Although some small entities may decide to manufacture or process a substance for the new use after the SNUR is promulgated, EPA receives very few SNUNs, and few of those are submitted by small entities. In response to the promulgation of SNURs covering over 1,000 chemical substances, the Agency receives only a handful of SNUNs per year.  For example, the number of SNUNs was four in Federal fiscal year 2005, eight in FY2006, six in FY2007, eight in FY2008, seven in FY2009, two in 2010, and ten in 2011 (EPA, 2012), for an average of 6 per year from all SNURs. EPA has no reason to believe that this SNUR will alter the pattern of SNUN submissions that EPA has historically seen. In addition, the estimated reporting cost for submission of a SNUN is minimal regardless of the size of the firm, averaging about $8,600 including SNUN recordkeeping and reporting costs. The Agency currently offers some relief to certain small businesses with sales (including those of subsidiary/parent companies) of less than $40 million per year by reducing the SNUN submission fee from $2,500 to $100. This lower fee reduces the cost of submitting a SNUN to about $6,200 for smaller firms. During the six year period from 2005-2010, only three submitters self-identified as small in their SNUN submission (EPA, 2012). EPA believes the cost of submitting a SNUN is relatively small compared the cost of developing and marketing a chemical new to a firm and that the requirement to submit a SNUN generally does not have a significant economic impact. 
EPA believes that the potential economic impact of complying with a SNUR is not expected to be significant or adversely affect a substantial number of small entities.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
The final rule does not impose any enforceable duty, contain any unfunded mandate, or otherwise have any effect on small governments because none of the current producers of the subject chemicals are governments. Additionally, it is not expected that any governments will initiate production of these chemicals.
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., an Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information that requires OMB approval under the PRA, unless it has been approved by OMB and displays a currently valid OMB Control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations in title 40 of the CFR, after appearing in the Federal Register, are listed in 40 CFR, part 9, and included on the related collection instrument, or form, if applicable. The information collection requirements related to this action have already been approved by OMB pursuant to the PRA under OMB control numbers 2070-0038 (EPA ICR No. 1188) and 2070-0030 (EPA ICR No. 0795). 
If an entity were to submit a SNUN to the Agency, the annual burden is estimated to average 98.2 hours per response: 0.82 hours for rule familiarization (Section 3.2.1), 2.80 hours for CDX registration, CDX electronic signature, and pay.gov account setup (Section 3.2.2), 92.2 hours for form completion, submission and recordkeeping under CFR §721.40 (Sections 3.2.3), 1 hour for consumer notifications (Section 3.2.5) and 1.36 hours for export notification (Section 3.2.7). The burdens for rule familiarization, CDX registration, CDX electronic signature, pay.gov account setup form completion, submission, and recordkeeping are approved under EPA ICR No. 1188 (OMB control number 2070-0038). The burden for export notification is approved under EPA ICR No. 0795 (OMB control number 2070-0030). 
Executive Order 13132, Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure "meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications." Policies that have federalism implications are defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have "substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government" (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). 
The final rule establishes reporting and recordkeeping requirements that apply to manufacturers (including importers) and processors of certain chemicals. EPA has no information to indicate that any state or local government manufactures or processes the chemical substances covered by this action.
Executive Order 12898, Environmental Justice
Executive Order 12898, "Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations" (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994), establishes federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision directs federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of their programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States.
The information collected under this final rule will assist EPA and others in determining the potential hazards and risks associated with various chemicals manufactured and used at high production volumes. Although not directly impacting environmental justice-related concerns, this information will enable the Agency to better protect human health and the environment, including in low-income and minority communities.
Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children
Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), requires EPA to identify and assess environmental health and safety risks that may disproportionately affect children. This type of analysis is required for rules that will have an impact of $100 million or more only. The impact of this SNUR will be less than $100 million and therefore no analysis of such impacts on children is required.
Executive Order 13175, Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175 is Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (59 FR 22951, November 6, 2000). This rule does not have Tribal implications because EPA has no information to indicate that any tribal government manufactures or processes the chemical substances covered by this action.
Executive Order 13211, Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
This rule is not subject to Executive Order 13211, entitled Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001), because this action is not expected to affect energy supply, distribution, or use.
Executive Order 13563, Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
Executive Order 13563, Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011), requires EPA to base regulations on the best available science, allow for public participation and the open exchange of ideas, promote predictability and reduce uncertainty , identify and use the best, most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends, consider both the costs and benefits qualitatively and quantitatively and ensure regulations are accessible, consistent, written in plain language, and easy to understand.  
The rule establishes reporting and recordkeeping requirements that apply to manufacturers (including importers) and processors of certain chemicals. Consistent with EO 13563, this document qualitatively and quantitatively describes both the costs and benefits of the rule as well as the underlying data used in the analyses. EPA chose the best available data to analyze the costs and benefits described in this document and the best analytic approaches given the available data and other constraints.

References
   3M Company. 1999a. Fluorochemical Use, Distribution, and Release Overview. St. Paul, Minnesota. May 6, 1999. (AR226-0550).
   3M Company. 1999b. The Science of Organic Fluorochemistry. St. Paul, Minnesota. February 5, 1999.
   3M Company. 1999c. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate: Current Summary of Human Sera, Health and Toxicology Data. St. Paul, Minnesota. January 21, 1999.
   40 CFR 721 Toxic Substances Control Act, Significant New Uses for Chemical Substances. 1988. Code of Federal Regulations. Part 721 Title 40, July 27, 1988, as amended, June 23, 1993
   Armeduri, B., and B. Bernard. 2004. "Applications of Flourinated Telomers." Well-Architectured Floropolymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. p. 71.
   BLS. 2006a. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation: Changes to NAICS and SOC, Table 2." ECEC Occupational Comparability between SOC and OCS. Accessed February, 2006. Available at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsm0003.htm.
   BLS. 2006b. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employment Cost Index News Release Text: Employment Cost Index." Accessed April 28, 2006. Available at http://www.bls.gov.
   BLS. 2006c. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Change Has Come to the ECI." Accessed June 14, 2006. Available at http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsm0001.htm. 
   BLS. 2013a. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Supplementary Tables December 2012." Accessed March 18, 2012. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc25.pdf (Note: The BLS report title and content are updated periodically to include more recent data, on the same website.) 
   BLS. 2013b. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Consumer Price Index- All Urban Consumers, U.S. City Average (Series ID: CUUR0000SA0)." Accessed March 18, 2013. Available at http:/data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/srgate. 
   BLS. 2013c. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Employment Cost Index  -  Total Compensation: All Workers, Private Industry, Seasonally Adjusted. (Series ID: CIS2010000000000I)." Accessed March 18, 2013. Available at http:/data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/srgate. 
   Branch, R. and L. Mason. 2006. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Seasonal Adjustment in the ECI and the Conversion to NAICS and SOC.  Monthly Labor Review. 129(4). Available at www.bls.gov. 
   Carolini, D. 2009. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Production and Use: Past and Current Evidence. Prepared for UNIDO. 
   Caroll, R.E. 2006. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Changes Affecting the Employment Cost Index: An Overview.  Monthly Labor Review. 129(4). Available at www.bls.gov. 
   Danish Ministry of the Environment. 2008. Survey and Environmental/Health Assessment of Fluorinated Substances in Impregnated Consumer Products and Impregnating Agents: Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 99.
   Environment Canada. 2010. Environmental Performance Agreement ("Agreement") Respecting Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids (PFCAs) and their Precursors in Perfluorochemical Products Sold in Canada. Accessed February, 2013. Available at http://www.ec.gc.ca/epe-epa/default.asp?lang=En&n=81AE80CE-1#X-2010073015020613. 
   EPA. 1992. U.S. EPA, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation. Instructions for Preparing Information Collection Requests (ICRs). Washington, DC. June 1, 1992.
   EPA. 1994. U. S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances, Regulatory Impacts Branch. Regulatory Impact Analysis of Amendments to Regulations for TSCA Section 5 Premanufacture Notifications. Washington, DC. September 9, 1994. (OTS/RIB later became OPPT/EPAB.)
   EPA. 2000. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. ICR No. 1139.06. OMB Control No.: 2070-0033 [Information Collection Request for] TSCA Existing Chemical Test Rules, Consent Orders, Test Rule Exemptions, and Voluntary Test Data Submissions: Supporting Statement for Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act. Attachment 5, Wage Rates Estimation. August 29, 2000.
   EPA. 2002a. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Revised Economic Analysis for the Amended Inventory Update Rule: Final Report. Washington, DC. August 2002.
   EPA. 2002b. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch, Wage Rates for Economic Analysis of the Toxics Release Inventory Program. Washington, DC. June 10, 2002.
   EPA. 2003. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Economic Analysis of Expedited Significant New Use Rules for 65 Chemical Substances. Washington, DC. Available from the Federal Docket Management System as EPA-HQ-OPPTS-2002-0078 at http://www.regulations.gov.
   EPA. 2005a. Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Economic Analysis of the Proposed Change to TSCA Section 12(b) Export Notification Requirements. Available from the Federal Docket Management System as EPA-HQ-OPPT-2005-005 8-0017 at http://www.regulations.gov.
   EPA. 2005b. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. ICR No. 118.08. OMB Control No.: 2070-0038 [Information Collection Request for] TSCA Section 5(a)(2) Significant New Use Rules for Existing Chemicals (Renewal). Supporting Statement for a Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act. October 11, 2005.
   EPA. 2005c. Economic Analysis of the Proposed Significant New Use Rule for 183 Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates. November 3, 2005.
   EPA. 2007a. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics., EPA ICR No. 0574.14. OMB Control No.: 2070-0014 [Information Collection Request for] Pre-Manufacture Review Reporting and Exemption Requirements for New Chemical Substances and Significant New Use Reporting Requirements for Chemical Substances: Supporting Statement for a Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act. December 6, 2007.
   EPA. 2007b. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Economic Analysis of Expedited Significant New Use Rules for 65 Chemical Substances (EPA Docket OPPT-2003-0063. December 4, 2006 (Revised March 12, 2007).
   EPA, 2007c. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Economic Analysis of Expedited Significant New Use Rules for 38 Chemical Substances (EPA Docket OPPT-2006-0898). August 17, 2007
   EPA. 2007d. Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates; Proposed Significant New Use Rule, Final Rule. 72 FR 57222. October 9, 2007.
   EPA, 2007e. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Economic Analysis of Final Significant New Use Rules for 183 Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates (EPA Docket OPPT-2006-0898). August 20, 2007
   EPA. 2009a. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Economic and Policy Analysis Branch. Economic Analysis of the Premanufacture Notification Electronic Reporting Final Rule. (EPA-HQ-OPPT-2008-0296). July 13, 2009
   EPA. 2009b. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. EPA ICR No.: 0795.13 OMB Control Number 2070-0030 [Information Collection Request for] Notification of Chemical Exports - TSCA Section 12(b) Supporting Statement for Request for OMB Review under the Paperwork Reduction Act. Available at http://www.regulations.gov. March 6, 2009.
   EPA. 2009c. U.S. EPA, Office of Environmental Information, Collection Strategies Division. ICR Handbook EPA's Guide to Writing Information Collection Requests under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 199. Revised 10/2009. 
   EPA. 2009d. Long-Chain Perfluorinated Chemicals Action Plan. December 30, 2009.
   EPA. 2011a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. PMN Gold Database (Confidential Business Information). Accessed September 1, 2011.
   EPA. 2011b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. Economic Analysis of Expedited Significant New Use Rules for 25 Chemical Substances, (EPA Docket OPPT-2009-0922). August, 2011.
   EPA. 2012.  Count of SNUN Submissions as tracked in EPA's Confidential Business Information Tracking System (CBITS). February, 2012.
   EPA. 2013. U.S. EPA, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. Understanding the Costs Associated with Eliminating Exemptions for Articles in SNURs.
   European Commission. 2010. European Commission: Enterprise and Industry  - TRIS. Prohibition on Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Consumer Products. December 2010. 
   Germany Federal Environmental Agency. 2009. Perfluorinated compounds: Avoid inputs  -  protect the environment. Accessed February 2013. Available at http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/uba-infopressee/2009/pe09046_perfluorinated_compounds_avoid_inputs_protect_the_environment.htm. 
   Kallenborn, et al. 2004. "Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances (PFAs) In The Nordic Environment" Nordisk Ministerråd, 2004
   Kissa, D. 2001. Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents. Surfactant Science Series. Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York. 
   Knox, S. S., T. Jackson, B. Javins, Stephanie J. Frisbee, A. Shankar and A. M. Ducatman. 2011. Implications of Early Menopause in Women Exposed to Perfluorocarbons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96(6): 1-7.
   Kudo, N., et al. 2001. Comparison of the Elimination Between Perfluorinated Fatty Acids with Different Carbon Chain Lengths in Rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 134(2): 203-216.
   Melzer, D., N. Rice, M. H. Depledge, W. E. Henley and T. S. Galloway. 2010. Association Between Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Thyroid Disease in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environmental Health Perspectives. 118(5): 686-692.
   Nordic Screening, no date. PFOS and other perfluorinated alkylated substances are widely found in the Nordic environment Available at: http://www.nordicscreening.org/index.php?module=Pagesetter&type=file&func=get&tid=5&fid=file2&pid=5Norwegian Pollution Control Agency. 2007. Survey of National Sources 2007: PFOA in Norway. December 2007. 
   Norwegian Pollution Control Authority. 2010. Impact Assessment of Regulating Perfluorooctanoic acid and Individual PFOA Salts and Esters in Consumer Products (PFOA) 2010. 
   OECD. 2002. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Environment Directorate. Hazard Assessment of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and its Salts, ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL. November, 21, 2002
   OPM. 2012. Office of Personnel Management, "Salary Table 2012-DCB, Washington Baltimore Northern Virginia, DC-MD-PA-VA-WV." Available at http://www.opm.gov/oca/12tables/pdf/DCB.pdf. 
   OSPAR. 2006. Hazardous Substance Series: Perfluorooctane Sulphonate (PFOS). OSPAR Commission 2005 (2006 Update).
   Sleemi, F. 2006. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Employment Cost Index Publication Plans". Monthly Labor Review. 129(4), April 2006. Available at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf
   U.S. Postal Service (U.S. PS). 2012. "Prices". Accessed January, 2012. Available at http://www.usps.com/prices/. 
   Vierke, L., C. Staude, A. Biegel-Engler, W. Drost, and C. Schulte. 2012. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)  --  Main Concerns and Regulatory Developments in Europe from an Environmental Point of View. Environmental Sciences Europe. 24(16).
   Weinstein, H. and M.A. Loewenstein. 2004. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Comparing Current and Former Industry and Occupation ECEC Series. Originally posted August 25, 2004. Available at http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cm20040823ar01p1.htm 

 -  Inflators and Wage Rates
This appendix describes the derivation of the fully loaded labor rates and inflation factors used in calculating costs of labor, materials, and other inputs. Costs presented in this report are in 2011 dollars.
A.1	Derivation of Loaded Wage Rates 
Unit labor costs are calculated by adding fringe benefits and overhead to the wage or salary to derive a fully loaded labor cost. The basic method is described in Wage Rates for Economic Analysis of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (EPA, 2002b). The resulting loaded labor rates are given in Exhibit 7-1. Costs are calculated for several labor categories: Managerial, Professional/Technical, Clerical, and EPA staff. 
In March 2004, BLS began using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes instead of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System, and the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system instead of the Occupational Classification System (OCS). The following table shows the crosswalk between old and new occupational titles. 
EPAB Reports Labor Category
BLS Old Title (OCS)
BLS New Title (SOC)
Managerial
Executive, administrative, and managerial 
Management, business, and financial
Professional/Technical
Professional specialty and technical
Professional and related
Clerical
Administrative support, including clerical 
Office and administrative support
Source: Employer Costs for Employee Compensation: Changes to NAICS and SOC, Table 2. ECEC Occupational Comparability between SOC and OCS (BLS, 2006a and Weinstein, 2004).
A.1.1	Derivation of Labor Rates for Managerial, Professional/Technical, and Clerical Labor 
Wages and fringe benefits for managerial, professional/technical, and clerical labor were taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) data, for December 2012, for manufacturing industries.
The cost of fringe benefits such as paid leave and insurance, specific to each labor category, are taken from the same ECEC series. Fringe benefits as a percent of wages are calculated separately for each labor category. For example, for December 2012, the average wage rate for professional/technical labor was $38.53; the average fringe benefit was $19.30. Fringe benefits as a percent of wages were $19.30/$38.53, or approximately 50.09 percent
An additional loading factor of 17 percent is applied to wages to account for overhead. This approach is used for consistency with Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics economic analyses for two major rulemakings: Wage Rates for Economic Analyses of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (EPA, 2002b), and the Revised Economic Analysis for the Amended Inventory Update Rule: Final Report (EPA, 2002a). This overhead loading factor is added to the benefits loading factor, and the total is then applied to the base wage to derive the fully loaded wage. For example, the December 2012 fully loaded wage for professional/technical labor is $38.53 x (1+0.5009 + 0.17) = $64.38..
Fully loaded costs for managerial and clerical labor are calculated in a similar manner, as shown in Exhibit 7-1.
A.1.2	Derivation of Labor Rates for EPA Staff
Agency labor costs are calculated based on annual Federal salaries for the Washington-Baltimore area published by the Office of Personnel Management effective January 2012 (OPM, 2012). The average salary for one FTE staff member is estimated as the salary for a GS-13 Step 5 employee. 
Multiplying the annual pay by an assumed loading factor of 1.6 to reflect Federal fringe benefits and overhead, the loaded annual salary of EPA staff was calculated to be $161,446. 
The Agency loading factor is from an EPA guide, Instructions for Preparing Information Collection Requests (ICRs) (EPA, 1992, page 30, footnote 9). The 60 percent assumption was labeled "the benefits multiplication factor" in the EPA Guide, but has been used in many EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics ICRs to reflect both fringe benefits and overhead for Federal staff. For example, it was used in an August 2000 document supporting ICR No. 1139.06 (EPA, 2000), with the following explanation:
The annual costs per FTE are derived by multiplying the annual pay rate by 1.6 (the benefits multiplication factor). The multiplication factor used is recommended in EPA's Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation's Instructions for Preparing Information Collection Requests (ICRs) (June 1, 1992). An EPA internal phone call between Carol Rawie (OPPT/EETD/RIB) and Carl Koch (OPPE/RMD/IMB) on May 3, 1994, indicated that the 1.6 factor included not only benefits but also overhead. (ICR No.1139.06)

Exhibit 7-1:	Derivation of Loaded Wage Rates
EPAB Labor Category
Data Source
Date
 
Wage
Fringe Benefit
Fringes as % Wage
Overhead % Wage[2]
Fringe + Overhead Factor
Loaded Wages[1]

(a)
(b)
(c) =(b)/(a)
(d)
(e)=(c)+(d)+1
(f)=(a) x (e)
Managerial
BLS ECEC, Private Manufacturing industries, "Mgt, Business, and Financial"[3]
                                    Dec-12
                                    $43.95 
                                    $21.45 
                                    48.81%
                                      17%
                                     1.66
                                    $72.87
Professional/
Technical
BLS ECEC, Private Manufacturing industries, "Professional and related"[3]
                                    Dec-12
                                    $38.53 
                                    $19.30 
                                    50.09%
                                      17%
                                     1.67
                                    $64.38
Clerical
BLS ECEC, Private Manufacturing industries, "Office and Administrative Support"[3]
                                    Dec-12
                                    $17.64 
                                    $8.87 
                                    50.28%
                                      17%
                                     1.67
                                    $29.51

                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
EPA staff FTE
Annual Federal staff cost: OPM Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-PA-VA-WV, area, GS-13 Step 5 pay rates, with 60% overhead[4]
                                    Jan-12
                                    $48.51
                                      --
                          [Included in 60% overhead]
                                      60%
                                      1.6
                                    $77.62
Notes:
[1]Wage data are rounded to the closest penny; however, unrounded values were used in calculations.
[2]An overhead rate of 17 percent was used based on assumptions in Wage Rates for Economic Analyses of the Toxics Release Inventory Program (EPA, 2002b), and the Revised Economic Analysis for the Amended Inventory Update Rule: Final Report (EPA, 2002a).
[3]Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Supplementary Tables December 2012, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 18, 2013 (BLS, 2013a).
[4]The Federal salary is the unloaded Federal GS-13 Step 5 salary ($100,904 divided by 2,080 hours to get the hourly wage rate in the table) for 2012, from the Office of Personnel Management salary table for Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia (OPM, 2012). The 60% fringes-and-overhead rate is from an EPA guide, Instructions for Preparing Information Collection Requests (ICRs) (EPA, 1992, page 30, footnote 9).

A.2	Derivation of Inflation Factors
Detailed information on the derivation of the inflation factors used is presented in Exhibit 7-2. In 2006, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) made several changes to the Employment Cost Index. The changes are described on a BLS web page, "Change has come to the ECI," (BLS, 2006c) and in several April 2006 Monthly Labor Review articles posted on the BLS web site: "Changes affecting the Employment Cost Index: an overview" (Caroll, 2006); "Employment Cost Index Publication Plans" (Sleemi, 2006); and "Seasonal adjustment in the ECI and the conversion to NAICS and SOC" (Branch, 2006).
Under a mandate from OMB, BLS changed its classification of industries and occupations from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Occupational Classification System (OCS) to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. In 2006, BLS adjusted all ECI series to reflect this change. 
In addition to changing the industry and occupational classification systems, in 2006, BLS rebased the ECI from June 1989 = 100 to December 2005 = 100 for all current and historical non-seasonally adjusted series, including the NAICS and SIC based series. (Seasonally adjusted indices, including those in Exhibit 7-2 of this report, may not exactly equal 100 for December 2005 as a result of the seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustments are explained in Branch, 2006.) 
According to BLS, the official ECI for the years 1975-2005 is the SIC-OCS based series, and for subsequent years, the official ECI is the NAICS-SOC based series (Sleemi, 2006, p.8). 
"Starting year" indices in Exhibit 7-2 continue to be SIC-OCS based. Current year indices are NAICS-SOC based. We use indices from both the NAICS-SOC and the SIC-OCS based ECI series because neither series spans the entire period over which testing and other costs need to be inflated. 
Exhibit 7-2: 	Derivation of Inflation Factors
Item
Inflation Index Source[1]
Starting Year
Index for Starting Year (a)
Index for 2012
(b)
Inflation Factor (b)/(a)[2]
Agency Extramural costs  Professional and  Related Private Industry
BLS ECI, Total comp, Private industry, Professional and related, 4[th] Q [BLS, 2013c] 3
                                     1993
                                      67
                                     118.2
                                     1.764
Labels, placards etc. 
BLS CPI, All urban consumers, not SA.  CUUR0000SA0, Annual [BLS, 2013b]
                                     1997
                                     160.5
                                    229.594
                                     1.430
File cabinet

                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
 

                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
Photocopies
BLS CPI, All urban consumers, not SA.  CUUR0000SA0, Annual  [BLS, 2013b]
                                     1988
                                     118.3
                                    229.594
                                     1.941
Record keeping materials

                                       
                                       
                                       

 

Key: BLS = Bureau of Labor Statistics. CPI = Consumer Price Index. ECI = Employment Cost Index. SA = Seasonally Adjusted. Total Comp = Total Compensation (wages/salaries and benefits). 4[th] Q = Fourth Quarter. 
Notes:
1 In 2006, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Employment Cost Index (ECI) series "were rebased to December 2005 = 100 from June 1989 = 100." The change is reflected in the indices in this table and explained on the BLS website, Employment Cost Index News Release Text: Employment Cost Index, March 2006 (BLS, 2006b). The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was not rebased. 
"Starting year" ECI indices are SIC-OCS based: Seasonally Adjusted (SA) ECS10002I for private industry All Workers, and not SA ECU11122I for private industry Professional and Related Workers. 
After 2006, ECI indices are NAICS-SOC based: Seasonally Adjusted (SA) CIS2010000000000I for private industry All Workers, and not SA CIU2010000120000I (B) for private industry Professional, and Related workers. 
[2]Inflation factors are rounded; however, unrounded values were used in calculations.
[3] Beginning with the report Economic Analysis of Expedited Significant New Use Rules for 25 Chemical Substances: EPA Docket OPPT-2009-0922 (EPA, 2011b) we began to use the not-seasonally adjusted CIU2010000120000I for private industry Professional, and Related workers, instead of SA CIS2010000W00000I for private industry white collar workers because BLS retired the "white-collar" series.