Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0647-0001
Agency: epa
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: Chlorantraniliprole; Proposed Time-Limited Pesticide Tolerance
Posted Date: 2008-10-01T04:00Z

[Federal Register: October 1, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 191)]
[Proposed Rules]               
[Page 57040-57046]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr01oc08-23]                         

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0647; FRL-8382-4]

 
Chlorantraniliprole; Proposed Time-Limited Pesticide Tolerance

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: This document proposes to establish time-limited tolerances 
for residues of chlorantraniliprole in or on cowpeas, forage and hay; 
field peas, vines and hay; forage, fodder and straw of cereal grains, 
crop group 16; grass forage, fodder and hay, crop group 17; leaves of 
root and tuber vegetables, crop group 2, leeks, nongrass animal feeds 
(forage, fodder, straw and hay), crop group 18; okra; onions, green; 
onions, Welsh; peanuts, hay; shallots; soybeans, forage and hay; 
strawberries and sugarcane, sugar under the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The tolerances expire on April 25, 2010.

[[Page 57041]]

DATES: Comments must be received on or before December 1, 2008.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by docket identification 
(ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0647, by one of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
     Mail: Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Regulatory Public 
Docket (7502P), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001.
     Delivery: OPP Regulatory Public Docket (7502P), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. S-4400, One Potomac Yard (South 
Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. Deliveries are only 
accepted during the Docket Facility's normal hours of operation (8:30 
a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays). 
Special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed 
information. The Docket Facility telephone number is (703) 305-5805.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-
2008-0647. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included 
in the docket without change and may be made available on-line at 
http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information 
provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be 
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose 
disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you 
consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through regulations.gov or e-
mail. The regulations.gov website is an ``anonymous access'' system, 
which means EPA will not know your identity or contact information 
unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e-
mail comment directly to EPA without going through regulations.gov, 
your e-mail address will be automatically captured and included as part 
of the comment that is placed in the docket and made available on the 
Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you 
include your name and other contact information in the body of your 
comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic 
files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of 
encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses.
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the docket index 
available at http://www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, 
some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet 
and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly 
available docket materials are available either in the electronic 
docket at http://www.regulations.gov, or, if only available in hard 
copy, at the OPP Regulatory Public Docket in Rm. S-4400, One Potomac 
Yard (South Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. The hours of 
operation of this Docket Facility are from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday 
through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The Docket Facility telephone 
number is (703) 305-5805.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kable Bo Davis, Registration Division 
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone 
number: (703) 306-0415; e-mail address: davis.kable@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this Action Apply to Me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111).
     Animal production (NAICS code 112).
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).
    This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides 
a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this 
action. Other types of entities not listed in this unit could also be 
affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) 
codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining 
whether this action might apply to certain entities. If you have any 
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular 
entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT.

B. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?

    1.  Submitting CBI. Do not submit this information to EPA through 
regulations.gov or e-mail. Clearly mark the part or all of the 
information that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk or 
CD-ROM that you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the disk or CD-ROM as 
CBI and then identify electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the 
specific information that is claimed as CBI. In addition to one 
complete version of the comment that includes information claimed as 
CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information 
claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket. 
Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with 
procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
    2.  Tips for preparing your comments. When submitting comments, 
remember to:
    i. Identify the document by docket ID number and other identifying 
information (subject heading, Federal Register date and page number).
     ii. Follow directions. The Agency may ask you to respond to 
specific questions or organize comments by referencing a Code of 
Federal Regulations (CFR) part or section number.
    iii. Explain why you agree or disagree; suggest alternatives and 
substitute language for your requested changes.
    iv. Describe any assumptions and provide any technical information 
and/or data that you used.
    v. If you estimate potential costs or burdens, explain how you 
arrived at your estimate in sufficient detail to allow for it to be 
reproduced.
    vi. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns and 
suggest alternatives.
    vii. Explain your views as clearly as possible, avoiding the use of 
profanity or personal threats.
    viii. Make sure to submit your comments by the comment period 
deadline identified.

II. Background and Statutory Findings

    EPA on its own initiative, under section 408(e) of FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 
346a(e), is proposing to establish a tolerances for residues of the 
insecticide chlorantraniliprole, 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-
carboxamide, in or on cowpeas, forage and hay at 0.20 parts per million 
(ppm); field peas, vines and hay at 0.20 ppm; forage, fodder and straw 
of cereal grains, crop group 16 at 0.20 ppm, grass forage, fodder and 
hay, crop group 17 at 0.20 ppm; leaves of root and tuber vegetables, 
crop group 2 at 0.20 ppm; leeks at 0.20 ppm; nongrass animal feeds 
(forage, fodder, straw and hay), crop group 18 at 0.20 ppm; okra at 
0.70 ppm; onions, green at 0.20 ppm; onions,

[[Page 57042]]

Welsh at 0.20 ppm; peanuts, hay at 0.20 ppm; shallots at 0.20 ppm; 
soybeans, forage and hay at 0.20 ppm; strawberries at 1.2 ppm; and 
sugarcane, sugar at 0.20 ppm.
    Recently, EPA established tolerances for chlorantraniliprole on 
apple, wet pomace; brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A; brassica, 
leafy greens, subgroup 5B; cotton, gin byproduct; cotton, hulls; cotton 
undelinted seed; fruit, pome, group 11; fruit, stone, group 12; grape; 
grape, raisen; potato; vegetable, cucurbit, group 9; vegetable, 
fruiting, group 8; vegetable, leafy, except brassica, group 4; milk; 
meat; meat byproduct and fat. At that time EPA determined rotational 
crop tolerances were required, and that the petitioner needed to 
conduct extensive field rotational crop trials. The Agency concluded 
that until the requested data are submitted, a restriction should be 
imposed on labels prohibiting the rotation to any crop not on the 
label. In response, the registrant submitted proposals for the 
establishment of tolerances for inadvertent residues for a number of 
crops pending submission of the requested data. After considering the 
registrant's submission, EPA is now proposing time-limited tolerances 
to address rotated crops.
    EPA has decided to propose time-limited rotational crop tolerances 
for chlorantraniliprole. Rotational crop trials (2003, 2004, 2005) were 
conducted in Canada and the United States on leafy vegetables (Swiss 
chard, lettuce, spinach), root vegetables (radish, beet, turnip), 
cereal grains (wheat, oat) and soybean. Based on the data on 
chlorantraniliprole, the Agency believes that the residue data would 
not underestimate residues on rotated crops. Thus the Agency believes 
that the 0.20 ppm tolerances on rotational crops are appropriate and 
protective. EPA also determined that adding these proposed tolerances 
would not change its prior safety finding for chlorantraniliprole. 
EPA's updated risk assessment can be found at http://
www.regulations.gov in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0647.
    Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a 
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a 
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean that `` there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure 
to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary 
exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable 
information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in 
residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. 
Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. . . 
. ''
    EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from 
aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the 
regulatory requirements of section 408 of the FFDCA and a complete 
description of the risk assessment process, see http://www.epa.gov/
fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1997/November/Day-26/p30948.htm.

III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D) of FFDCA, EPA has reviewed the 
available scientific data and other relevant information in support of 
this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to 
make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section 
408(b)(2) of FFDCA, for a tolerance for residues of 
chlorantraniliprole, 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-
carboxamide, in or on cowpeas, forage and hay at 0.20 ppm; field peas, 
vines and hay at 0.20 ppm; forage, fodder and straw of cereal grains, 
crop group 16 at 0.20 ppm, grass forage, fodder and hay, crop group 17 
at 0.20 ppm; leaves of root and tuber vegetables, crop group 2 at 0.20 
ppm; leeks at 0.20 ppm; nongrass animal feeds (forage, fodder, straw 
and hay), crop group 18 at 0.20 ppm; okra at 0.70 ppm; onions, green at 
0.20 ppm; onions, Welsh at 0.20 ppm; peanuts, hay at 0.20 ppm; shallots 
at 0.20 ppm; soybeans, forage and hay at 0.20 ppm; strawberries at 1.20 
ppm; and sugarcane, sugar at 0.20 ppm. EPA's assessment of exposures 
and risks associated with establishing the tolerance follows:

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children.
    Chlorantraniliprole has no significant acute toxicity via the oral, 
dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. This substance is not an eye 
or skin irritant and does not cause skin sensitization. In short-term 
studies, the most consistent effects are those associated with non 
adverse pharmacological response to the xenobiotic, induction of liver 
enzymes and subsequent increase in liver weights. Chlorantraniliprole 
is not genotoxic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, carcinogenic, or 
teratogenic. Furthermore, it is not uniquely toxic to the conceptus as 
there were no maternal or fetal effects in studies conducted in rats 
and rabbits. Based on the results of a 28-day dermal study in rats, as 
well as the dermal LD50 study, chlorantraniliprole has 
relatively low dermal toxicity.
    Overall, chlorantraniliprole exhibits minimal mammalian toxicity 
after long-term exposure. The only consistent observation in the 
mammalian toxicology studies is an increased degree of 
microvesiculation of the adrenal cortex after dermal or dietary 
administration of chlorantraniliprole. Based on the lack of adverse 
effect on the function of the adrenal gland, this observation was 
considered treatment related, but not ``adverse.''In addition to the 
adrenal effects, liver effects (e.g., increased liver weight and 
induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes) were reported in the 90-day oral 
subchronic studies across species and only at the highest dose tested 
(HDT) >1,000 milligram/kilogram/day (mg/kg/day). While in the 
subchronic studies, these effects were considered adaptive, the liver 
effects were more pronounced in the 18-month chronic mouse study at the 
HDT. Increased eosinophilic foci (preneoplastic foci) were noted in 
male mice at 935 mg/kg/day and liver hypertrophy and weight increase 
were evident at the next lower dose (158 mg/kg/day), but progression to 
tumors was not apparent for these effects. Therefore, the eosinophilic 
foci appear to be an adverse effect only seen in the HDT and was graded 
minimal in severity.
    Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the 
toxic effects caused by chlorantraniliprole as well as the no-observed-
adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-
level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies can be found at http://
www.regulations.gov. The referenced document is available in the docket 
established by this action, which is described under ADDRESSES, and is 
identified as EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0275 in that docket.

B. Toxicological Endpoints

    For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no 
appreciable

[[Page 57043]]

risk, the toxicological level of concern (LOC) is derived from the 
highest dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the NOAEL) in 
the toxicology study identified as appropriate for use in risk 
assessment. However, if a NOAEL cannot be determined, the lowest dose 
at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL) is 
sometimes used for risk assessment. Uncertainty/safety factors (UFs) 
are used in conjunction with the LOC to take into account uncertainties 
inherent in the extrapolation from laboratory animal data to humans and 
in the variations in sensitivity among members of the human population 
as well as other unknowns. Safety is assessed for acute and chronic 
risks by comparing aggregate exposure to the pesticide to the acute 
population adjusted dose (aPAD) and chronic population adjusted dose 
(cPAD). The aPAD and cPAD are calculated by dividing the LOC by all 
applicable UFs. Short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term risks are 
evaluated by comparing aggregate exposure to the LOC to ensure that the 
margin of exposure (MOE) called for by the product of all applicable 
UFs is not exceeded.
    For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes that any amount of 
exposure will lead to some degree of risk and estimates risk in terms 
of the probability of occurrence of additional adverse cases. 
Generally, cancer risks are considered non-threshold. For more 
information on the general principles EPA uses in risk characterization 
and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see http://
www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1997/November/Day-26/p30948.htm.
    A summary of the toxicological endpoints for chlorantraniliprole 
used for human risk assessment can be found at http://
www.regulations.gov in document Chlorantraniliprole (DPX-E2Y45): Human 
Health Risk Assessment for Proposed Uses on pome fruit, stone fruit, 
leafy vegetables, brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbit vegetables, 
fruiting vegetables, cotton, grapes, potatoes, rice, turf and 
ornamentals pages 22-24 in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0275.

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to chlorantraniliprole, EPA considered exposure under the 
petitioned-for tolerances as well as all existing chlorantraniliprole 
tolerances in (40 CFR 180.628). EPA assessed dietary exposures from 
chlorantraniliprole in food as follows:
    i. Acute exposure. Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk 
assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a toxicological 
study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring 
as a result of a 1-day or single exposure. No such effects were 
identified in the toxicological studies for chlorantraniliprole; 
therefore, a quantitative acute dietary exposure assessment is 
unnecessary.
    ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting the chronic dietary exposure 
assessment EPA used the food consumption data from the United States 
Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1994-1996 and 1998 CSFII. As to 
residue levels in food, EPA assumed all foods for which there are 
tolerances were treated and contain tolerance-level residues.
    The inclusion of additional livestock feeds such as forage, fodder 
and straw from cowpea, field pea, soybean, cereal grains, nongrass 
animal feeds or peanut does not increase the livestock dietary burdens 
and thus the meat and milk tolerances. While the addition of 
strawberries, sugarcane, leek, onions, shallot, and okra that are 
considered human food results in a miniscule increase in exposure, a 
DEEM analysis that incorporates all the new commodities does not change 
the risk outcome which remains at 1% of the cPAD for the most highly 
exposed population, children ages 1-2. In addition, the dietary 
exposure from leeks, onions and shallots is negligible.
    iii. Cancer. Because chlorantraniliprole has been classified as a 
``not likely human carcinogen'', a quantitative exposure assessment 
relative to cancer risk is not necessary.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. The Agency lacks 
sufficient monitoring data to complete a comprehensive dietary exposure 
analysis and risk assessment for chlorantraniliprole in drinking water. 
Because the Agency does not have comprehensive monitoring data, 
drinking water concentration estimates are made by reliance on 
simulation or modeling taking into account data on the environmental 
fate characteristics of chlorantraniliprole. Further information 
regarding EPA drinking water models used in pesticide exposure 
assessment can be found at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/
index.htm.
    Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling 
System (PRZM/EXAMS) and Screening Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-
GROW) models, the estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of 
chlorantraniliprole for acute exposures are estimated to be 26.862 
parts per billion (ppb) for surface water and 1.06 ppb for ground 
water. The EECs for chronic exposures are estimated to be 3.650 ppb for 
surface water and 1.06 ppb for ground water.
    Modeled estimates of drinking water concentrations were directly 
entered into the dietary exposure model. Because no acute hazard, 
attributable to a single dose, was identified; acute dietary risk was 
not assessed. For chronic dietary risk assessment, the water 
concentration value 3.650 ppb was used to access the contribution to 
drinking water.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, 
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets).
    Chlorantraniliprole is registered for use on the following 
residential non-dietary sites: Turfgrass and ornamental plants. 
Although residential exposure could occur, due to the lack of toxicity 
identified for short-term and intermediate-term durations via the 
relevant routes of exposure, no risk is expected from these exposures.
    Additional information on residential exposure assumptions can be 
found at www.regulations.gov (Docket ID EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0275, pages 36 
through 37).
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative 
risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity, EPA has not made 
a common mechanism of toxicity finding as to chlorantraniliprole and 
any other substances and chlorantraniliprole does not appear to produce 
a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of 
this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not assumed that 
chlorantraniliprole has a common mechanism of toxicity with other 
substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which 
chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the 
cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the policy statements 
released by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs concerning common 
mechanism determinations and procedures for cumulating effects from 
substances

[[Page 57044]]

found to have a common mechanism on EPA's website at  http://
www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1. In general. Section 408 of FFDCA provides that EPA shall apply 
an additional (10X) tenfold margin of safety for infants and children 
in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal and postnatal 
toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity and exposure 
unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a different margin of 
safety will be safe for infants and children. This additional margin of 
safety is commonly referred to as the FQPA safety factor. In applying 
this provision, EPA either retains the default value of 10X when 
reliable data do not support the choice of a different factor, or, if 
reliable data are available, EPA uses a different additional FQPA 
safety factor value based on the use of traditional UFs and/or special 
FQPA safety factors, as appropriate.
    2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. There were no effects on 
fetal growth or postnatal development up to the limit dose of 1,000 mg/
kg/day in rats or rabbits in the developmental or 2-generation 
reproduction studies. Additionally, there were no treatment related 
effects on the numbers of litters, fetuses (live or dead), resorptions, 
sex ratio, or post-implantation loss and no effects on fetal body 
weights, skeletal ossification, and external, visceral, or skeletal 
malformations or variations.
    3. Conclusion. EPA has determined that reliable data show that it 
would be safe for infants and children to reduce the FQPA safety factor 
to 1X. That decision is based on the following findings:
    i. The toxicology database for chlorantraniliprole is complete for 
the purposes of this risk assessment and the characterization of 
potential prenatal and postnatal risks to infants and children.
    ii. No susceptibility was identified in the toxicological database, 
and there are no residual uncertainties re: prenatal and/or postnatal 
exposure.
    iii. There are no treatment-related neurotoxic findings in the 
acute and subchronic oral neurotoxicity studies in rats.
    iv. The exposure assessment is protective: The dietary food 
exposure assessment utilizes tolerance level residues and 100 percent 
crop treated (PCT) information for all commodities. The submitted field 
rotational crop studies do not match those recommended in the 
guidelines. However, data from confined rotational crop studies and 
field rotational crop studies show that uptake of chlorantraniliprole 
is below the quantification level in roots and grains, and range of 
0.01 to 0.15 ppm in tops of root vegetables and forage, fodder and 
straw of cereal grains and soybean. The 0.20 ppm tolerances based on 
the collective data should be conservative. Also, the tolerances on 
rotational crops strawberry and okra are conservative since the 
strawberry tolerance is based on residues in grape from direct 
application of chlorantraniliprole and the okra tolerance is based on 
residues resulting from direct treatment on tomato and pepper. An 
exposure assessment using conservative residue values is expected to be 
protective.
    The drinking water assessment utilizes values generated by models 
and associated modeling parameters which are designed to provide 
conservative, health protective, high-end estimates of water 
concentrations. By using these screening-level exposure assessments, 
the chronic dietary (food and drinking water) risk is not 
underestimated.
    v. Although residential exposure is expected over the short- and 
possibly intermediate-term (via the dermal and/or incidental oral 
route), there is no hazard expected via these routes/durations, and 
therefore no risk for these scenarios.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    Safety is assessed for acute and chronic risks by comparing 
aggregate exposure to the pesticide to the aPAD and cPAD. The aPAD and 
cPAD are calculated by dividing the LOC by all applicable UFs. For 
linear cancer risks, EPA calculates the probability of additional 
cancer cases given aggregate exposure. Short-term, intermediate-term, 
and long-term risks are evaluated by comparing aggregate exposure to 
the LOC to ensure that the MOE called for by the product of all 
applicable UFs is not exceeded.
    1. Acute risk. No acute risk is expected because no acute hazard, 
attributable to a single dose, was identified.
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that exposure to 
chlorantraniliprole from food and water will utilize <1% of the cPAD 
for the population group children 1-2 years (the highest exposed 
subpopulation). Based the use pattern, chronic residential exposure to 
residues of chlorantraniliprole is not expected.
    3. Short-term/intermediate risk. Short-term aggregate and 
intermediate-term exposure takes into account residential exposure plus 
chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background 
exposure level).
    There is potential for short-term and intermediate-term post-
application dermal (adults and children) and incidental oral (children 
only) exposure to chlorantraniliprole. However, due to the lack of 
toxicity via dermal route, as well as the lack of toxicity over the 
acute, short-term and intermediate-term via the oral route - no risk is 
expected from these exposures. Inhalation exposure is not expected due 
to the low vapor pressure of chlorantraniliprole (so applied/deposited 
residues are not expected to volatilize into the air).
    4. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Chlorantraniliprole 
has been classified as a ``not likely human carcinogen.'' It is not 
expected to pose a cancer risk to humans.
    5. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to chlorantraniliprole residues.

IV. Other Considerations

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    Adequate enforcement methodology liquid chromatography/mass 
spectrometry (LC/MS) is available to enforce the tolerance expression. 
The methods may be requested from: Chief, Analytical Chemistry Branch, 
Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350; 
telephone number: (410) 305-2905; e-mail address: 
residuemethods@epa.gov.

B. International Residue Limits

    There are no international residue limits that affect the Agency's 
recommendations at this time. There are no CODEX or Mexican maximum 
residue limits (MRLs) for chlorantraniliprole that exists at this time.

C. Conditions

    Tolerances may be made permanent following submission of rotational 
crop residue data suitable for establishing tolerances.

V. Conclusion

    Time-limited tolerances are proposed for residues of 
chlorantraniliprole, 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-
carboxamide, in or on cowpea, forage and hay at 0.20 ppm; field pea, 
vines and hay at 0.20 ppm; forage, fodder and straw of cereal grains, 
crop group 16 at 0.20 ppm, grass forage, fodder and hay,

[[Page 57045]]

crop group 17 at 0.20 ppm; leaves of root and tuber vegetables, crop 
group 2 at 0.20 ppm; leek at 0.20 ppm; nongrass animal feeds (forage, 
fodder, straw and hay), crop group 18 at 0.20 ppm; okra at 0.70 ppm; 
onion, green at 0.20 ppm; onion, Welsh at 0.20 ppm; peanut, hay at 0.20 
ppm; shallot at 0.20 ppm; soybean, forage and hay at 0.20 ppm; 
strawberries at 1.20 ppm; and sugarcane, sugar at 0.20 ppm.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This proposed rule establishes a tolerance under section 408(d) of 
FFDCA in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and 
Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this proposed rule has 
been exempted from review under Executive Order 12866 due to its lack 
of significance, this proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 
13211, entitled Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly 
Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001). 
This proposed rule does not contain any information collections subject 
to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 
et seq., or impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate 
as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 
(UMRA) (Public Law 104-4). Nor does it require any special 
considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to 
Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994); or OMB review or any 
Agency action under Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of 
Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, 
April 23, 1997). This action does not involve any technical standards 
that would require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus 
standards pursuant to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer 
and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) 
(15 U.S.C. 272 note). The Agency hereby certifies, under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), that this proposed action 
will not have significant negative economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities. A tolerance is one of the regulatory 
requirements needed for use of a pesticide and thus establishing a 
tolerance is expected to have no adverse economic impact. In addition, 
the Agency has determined that this action will not have a substantial 
direct effect on States, on the relationship between the national 
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified 
in Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10, 
1999). Executive Order 13132 requires EPA to develop an accountable 
process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by State and local 
officials in the development of regulatory policies that have 
federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have federalism 
implications'' is defined in the Executive order to include regulations 
that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on the 
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of 
government.'' This proposed rule directly regulates growers, food 
processors, food handlers, and food retailers, not States. This action 
does not alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of section 408(n)(4) of the FFDCA. For these same reasons, the Agency 
has determined that this proposed rule does not have any ``tribal 
implications'' as described in Executive Order 13175, entitled 
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 
67249, November 9, 2000). Executive Order 3175, requires EPA to develop 
an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely input by 
tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies that have 
tribal implications.'' ``Policies that have tribal implications'' is 
defined in the Executive order to include regulations that have 
``substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on the 
relationship between the Federal Government and the Indian tribes, or 
on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
Government and Indian tribes.'' This proposed rule will not have 
substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the relationship 
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the 
distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
Government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. 
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this proposed rule.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: September 19, 2008.
Donald R. Stubbs,
Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
    Therefore, it is proposed that 40 CFR chapter I be amended as 
follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.
    2. Section 180.628 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  180.628  Chlorantraniliprole; tolerances for residues.

* * * * *
    (d) Indirect or inadvertent resisues. Time-limited tolerances are 
established for indirect or inadvertent residues of the insecticide 
chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-
carboxamide) in or on the following commodities. The tolerances will 
expire and are revoked on the dates specified in the following table.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Commodity                          Parts per million         Expiration/revocation date
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Animal feed, nongrass, group 18....................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Cowpea, forage.....................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Cowpea, hay........................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Field pea, hay.....................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Field pea, vine....................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Grain, cereal, forage, fodder and straw, group 16..                     0.20                             4/25/10
Grass, forage, fodder and hay, group 17............                     0.20                             4/25/10
Leek...............................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Okra...............................................                     0.70                             4/25/10
Onion, green.......................................                     0.20                             4/25/10

[[Page 57046]]

Onion, Welsh.......................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Peanut, hay........................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Shallot............................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Soybean, forage....................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Soybean, hay.......................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Strawberry.........................................                     1.20                             4/25/10
Sugarcane..........................................                     0.20                             4/25/10
Vegetable, leaves of root and tuber, group 2.......                     0.20                             4/25/10
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[FR Doc. E8-22946 Filed 9-30-08; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-S