Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0297-0034
Agency: epa
Document Type: Rule
Title: Pesticide Tolerances: Kasugamycin
Posted Date: 2014-08-29T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 168 (Friday, August 29, 2014)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 51492-51497]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-20502]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0297; FRL-9911-57]

Kasugamycin; Pesticide Tolerances

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of 
kasugamycin in or on fruit, pome. Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC 
(Arysta LifeScience), requested a number of tolerances under the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) which are addressed in 
this document.

DATES: This regulation is effective August 29, 2014. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before October 28, 2014, 
and must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 
CFR part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).

ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, identified by docket 
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0297, is available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory 
Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the Environmental Protection Agency 
Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 
1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001. The Public 
Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the OPP 
Docket is (703) 305-5805. Please review the visitor instructions and 
additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lois Rossi, Registration Division 
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone 
number: (703) 305-7090; email address: RDFRNotices@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
The following list of North American Industrial Classification System 
(NAICS) codes is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide to help readers

[[Page 51493]]

determine whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected 
entities may include:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111).
     Animal production (NAICS code 112).
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).

B. How can I get electronic access to other related information?

    You may access a frequently updated electronic version of EPA's 
tolerance regulations at 40 CFR part 180 through the Government 
Printing Office's e-CFR site at http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/
text-idx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab02.tpl. To 
access the OCSPP test guidelines referenced in this document 
electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test 
Methods and Guidelines.''

C. How can I file an objection or hearing request?

    Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21 U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an 
objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a 
hearing on those objections. You must file your objection or request a 
hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided 
in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify 
docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0297 in the subject line on the first 
page of your submission. All objections and requests for a hearing must 
be in writing, and must be received by the Hearing Clerk on or before 
October 28, 2014. Addresses for mail and hand delivery of objections 
and hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b).
    In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the 
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of 
the filing (excluding any Confidential Business Information (CBI)) for 
inclusion in the public docket. Information not marked confidential 
pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA without 
prior notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your objection or hearing 
request, identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0297, by one of 
the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit 
electronically any information you consider to be CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
     Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket 
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 
20460-0001.
     Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand 
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the 
instructions at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
    Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along 
with more information about dockets generally, is available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

II. Summary of Petitioned-For Tolerance

    In the Federal Register of May 19, 2010 (75 FR 28009) (FRL-8823-2), 
EPA issued a document pursuant to FFDCA section 408(d)(3), 21 U.S.C. 
346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 0F7689) 
by Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC, 15401 Weston Parkway, Cary, 
NC 27513. The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.614 be amended by 
establishing tolerances for residues of the fungicide kasugamycin, in 
or on fruiting vegetables (crop group 8) at 0.15 parts per million 
(ppm), pome fruit (crop group 11) at 0.25 ppm, and walnuts at 0.04 ppm. 
That document referenced a summary of the petition prepared by Arysta 
LifeScience, the registrant, which is available in the docket, http://www.regulations.gov. There were no comments received in response to the 
notice of filing.
    Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has 
modified the proposed tolerance levels and the crops for which 
tolerances will be established. The reasons for these changes are 
explained in Unit IV.C. The tolerance in imported fruiting vegetables, 
crop group 8 is not being removed or revised at this time. This 
regulation additionally deletes the time-limited tolerance for apple, 
as the tolerance will be superseded by permanent tolerances in the 
various pome fruits.

III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a 
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a 
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure 
to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary 
exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable 
information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in 
residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. 
Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. . . 
.''
    Consistent with FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), and the factors 
specified in FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the available 
scientific data and other relevant information in support of this 
action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a 
determination on aggregate exposure for kasugamycin on pome 
commodities, including exposure resulting from the tolerances 
established by this action. EPA's assessment of exposures and risks 
associated with kasugamycin follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children.
    Kasugamycin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of 
antibiotics, which also includes streptomycin and gentamicin. These 
agents inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S 
subunit of the bacterial ribosome. Their penetration through the cell 
membrane of the bacterium depends partly on oxygen-dependent active 
transport by a polyamine carrier system that seems to be absent in 
mammalian systems.
    Kasugamycin exhibits low acute toxicity, being only a mild dermal 
and ocular irritant. The major effects observed across species in 
multiple-dose studies were decreased body weights and body weight 
gains. The primary target organs identified for kasugamycin were the 
testes and kidney in the rat and mouse. However, these effects were 
only seen at higher dose levels, generally at the highest dose tested 
(HDT). In the combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats, 
the basis for the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was an 
increased incidence and severity of testicular tubular atrophy, 
observed during the histopathologic examinations at the end of the 2-
year dosing period, as well as at 6 months, and 1 year. Testicular 
degeneration and atrophy

[[Page 51494]]

were observed in adult F1 males in the rat reproductive toxicity study 
at the highest dose. Testicular tubular dilatation and degeneration 
were observed in the mouse subchronic study, but at a dose that 
exceeded the limit dose; the mouse carcinogenicity study tested at much 
lower doses, and these effects were not observed. In the dog chronic 
toxicity study, testicular inflammation was reported at the high dose, 
but was not accompanied by atrophic or degenerative changes, and was 
not considered a treatment-related adverse effect.
    Kidney toxicity is often associated with exposure to aminoglycoside 
antibiotics, and the metabolism study indicated higher levels of 
radioactivity in the kidneys than other tissues. In male F1 rats in the 
reproductive toxicity study, dilatation of the kidney, and an increased 
incidence of chronic progressive nephropathy were observed. In the 
subchronic rat study, an increased incidence of eosinophilic bodies 
(graded slight for severity) in the renal proximal tubular cells was 
reported in males at several dose levels. These effects were considered 
treatment related, but not adverse due to their low severity grade, and 
lack of associated findings. However, in female rats, increased 
epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, along with decreased urine pH 
(decreased pH was also seen in males), were observed at the high dose, 
and considered evidence of possible kidney toxicity. Lipofuscin 
deposition (slight) was observed in the rat combined chronic toxicity/
carcinogenicity study, but was not considered adverse due to the lack 
of other related findings; this study tested up to the no-observed-
adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the subchronic study. In the mouse, 
following subchronic exposure, minimal to severe basophilia/hyperplasia 
in the renal pars recta in females was observed. No renal effects were 
reported in the mouse carcinogenicity study at lower doses, or in the 
dog subchronic or chronic studies.
    There was no evidence that exposure to kasugamycin results in 
neurotoxicity, and a developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) study is not 
required. Also, there was no evidence of immune system effects based on 
the review of a submitted immunotoxicity study. Although a 28-day rat 
inhalation toxicity study was not submitted, EPA has determined that it 
is not required based on available hazard and exposure information.
    The database is complete with respect to pre- and postnatal 
toxicity, and shows no evidence of increased qualitative or 
quantitative susceptibility in the offspring, or in the developing 
fetus. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in male and female 
mice, nor in male and female rats at doses that were adequate to assess 
the carcinogenic potential of kasugamycin. There was no evidence of 
mutagenicity. Based on the overall weight of the evidence, kasugamycin 
is classified as ``not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.''
    Although antimicrobial drug residues present in or on food may 
cause adverse effects on the ecology of the intestinal microflora of 
consumers, the Agency does not believe this is a concern for 
kasugamycin because of the use pattern (application occurring prior to 
fruit development) and low residue detection in field trials.
    Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the 
adverse effects caused by kasugamycin as well as the NOAEL and the 
LOAEL from the toxicity studies can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in document ``Kasugamycin. Human Health Risk 
Assessment for the Proposed Use of the Fungicide on Fruiting 
Vegetables, Pome Fruits, and Walnuts'' at pp. 15-21 in docket ID number 
EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0297.

B. Toxicological Points of Departure/Levels of Concern

    Once a pesticide's toxicological profile is determined, EPA 
identifies toxicological points of departure (POD) and levels of 
concern (LOC) to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to 
the pesticide. For hazards that have a threshold below which there is 
no appreciable risk, the toxicological POD is used as the basis for 
derivation of reference values for risk assessment. PODs are developed 
based on a careful analysis of the doses in each toxicological study to 
determine the dose at which NOAEL and the LOAEL are identified. 
Uncertainty/safety factors are used in conjunction with the POD to 
calculate a safe exposure level--generally referred to as a population-
adjusted dose (PAD) or a reference dose (RfD)--and a safe margin of 
exposure (MOE). For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes that any 
amount of exposure will lead to some degree of risk. Thus, the Agency 
estimates risk in terms of the probability of an occurrence of the 
adverse effect expected in a lifetime. For more information on the 
general principles EPA uses in risk characterization and a complete 
description of the risk assessment process, see http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.htm. A summary of the toxicological 
endpoints for kasugamycin used for human risk assessment is shown in 
Table 1 of this unit.

        Table 1--Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Kasugamycin Relevant to FFDCA Analysis
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                                                                                                   Study and
        Exposure scenario         Point of departure    Uncertainty and    RfD, PAD, LOC for     toxicological
                                                            FQPA SF         risk assessment         effects
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Acute dietary (all populations).    An appropriate dose and endpoint for this risk assessment scenario was not
                                        identified, based on a lack of single-dose effects in the database.
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Chronic dietary (all populations  NOAEL = 11 mg/kg/   UFA = 10X           Chronic RfD = 0.11  Combined chronic
 including infants and children,   day.               UFH = 10X.........   mg/kg/day.          toxicity/
 and females age 13 to 49).                           FQPA SF = 1X......  cPAD = 0.11 mg/kg/   carcinogenicity
                                                                           day.                study in the rat.
                                                                                              LOAEL = 116 mg/kg/
                                                                                               day, based on
                                                                                               testicular
                                                                                               atrophy and
                                                                                               softening.
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cancer (oral, dermal,                      Classification: ``Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans.''
 inhalation).
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Point of Departure = a data point or estimated point derived from observed dose-response data, which is used to
  mark the beginning of extrapolation to determine risk associated with lower environmentally relevant human
  exposures. UF = uncertainty factor. UFA = extrapolation from animal to human (interspecies). UFH = potential
  variation in sensitivity among members of the human population (intraspecies). FQPA SF = Food Quality
  Protection Act Safety Factor. NOAEL = no-observed-adverse-effect level. LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect
  level. PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic). RfD = reference dose. LOC = level of concern.

[[Page 51495]]

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to kasugamycin, EPA considered exposure under the petitioned-
for tolerances as well as all existing kasugamycin tolerances in 40 CFR 
180.614. EPA assessed dietary exposures from kasugamycin in food as 
follows:
    i. Acute exposure. Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk 
assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a toxicological 
study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring 
as a result of a 1-day or single exposure. No such effects were 
identified in the toxicological studies for kasugamycin; therefore, a 
quantitative acute dietary exposure assessment is unnecessary.
    ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting the chronic dietary exposure 
assessment, EPA used the food consumption data from the United States 
Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1994-1996 and the 1998 Nationwide 
Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). An unrefined 
chronic aggregate dietary (food and drinking water) exposure and risk 
assessment was conducted using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model 
software with the Food Commodity Intake Database (DEEM-
FCIDTM), Version 2.03. The residue inputs into the dietary 
model were the recommended tolerance level residues and default 
processing factors were used, with the exception of the apple juice 
processing factor, for which the 1.5X data-derived processing factor 
was used. EPA assumed 100% crop treated (PCT) for all proposed uses.
    iii. Cancer. Based on the data summarized in Unit III.A., EPA has 
concluded that kasugamycin does not pose a cancer risk to humans. 
Therefore, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment for the purpose 
of assessing cancer risk is unnecessary.
    iv. Anticipated residue and PCT information. EPA did not use 
anticipated residue and/or PCT information in the dietary assessment 
for kasugamycin. Tolerance level residues and/or 100 PCT were assumed 
for all food commodities.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. The Agency used screening 
level water exposure models in the dietary exposure analysis and risk 
assessment for kasugamycin in drinking water. These simulation models 
take into account data on the physical, chemical, and fate/transport 
characteristics of kasugamycin. Further information regarding EPA 
drinking water models used in pesticide exposure assessment can be 
found at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm.
    Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling 
System (PRZM/EXAMS) the estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) 
of kasugamycin for chronic exposures for non-cancer assessments are 
estimated to be 0.001178 ppm for surface water. EDWCs of kasugamycin 
for ground water were estimated to be 0.000116 ppm via the Screening 
Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-GROW) system. Modeled estimates of 
drinking water concentrations were directly entered into the dietary 
exposure model. For chronic dietary risk assessment, the water 
concentration of value 0.001178 ppm was used to assess the contribution 
to drinking water.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, 
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets).
    Kasugamycin is not registered for any specific use patterns that 
would result in residential exposure.
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.'' EPA has not found 
kasugamycin to share a common mechanism of toxicity with any other 
substances, and kasugamycin does not appear to produce a toxic 
metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this 
tolerance action, therefore, EPA has assumed that kasugamycin does not 
have a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. For 
information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a 
common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of 
such chemicals, see EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1. In general. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA provides that EPA 
shall apply an additional tenfold (10X) margin of safety for infants 
and children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal 
and postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity 
and exposure unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a 
different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This 
additional margin of safety is commonly referred to as the Food Quality 
Protection Act Safety Factor (FQPA SF). In applying this provision, EPA 
either retains the default value of 10X, or uses a different additional 
safety factor when reliable data available to EPA support the choice of 
a different factor.
    2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. There was no evidence of 
increased quantitative or qualitative susceptibility in rat or rabbit 
developmental toxicity studies, or in the rat reproductive study. No 
developmental effects were seen in the rat developmental study, whereas 
maternal toxicity (decreased body weight gain, food consumption, and 
feed efficiency) was observed at the highest dose. Although no maternal 
or developmental toxicity was observed in the main rabbit developmental 
toxicity study, in the dose range-finding study, maternal weight loss, 
reduced food consumption during dosing, and abortions (occurring at GD 
18 or later) were observed at higher doses. Fetal weight was decreased 
at the maternally toxic dose but, due to abortions or maternal death, 
was not evaluated at the higher doses. In the rat reproductive toxicity 
study, parental toxicity included decreased parental body weight/weight 
gain at the mid and high doses. No offspring toxicity was observed. 
Reproductive toxicity was observed only at the highest dose tested 
(above the parental LOAEL), with testicular atrophy, decreased 
fertility and fecundity in the F1 parents for both litters, and an 
increased pre-coital interval during the mating period for the F2b 
litter.
    3. Conclusion. EPA has determined that reliable data show the 
safety of infants and children would be adequately protected if the 
FQPA SF were reduced to 1X for the following reasons:
    i. The toxicity database for kasugamycin is complete, including rat 
acute and subchronic neurotoxicity screening studies and a mouse 
immunotoxicity study. Based on the lack of observed neurotoxicity, a 
DNT study is not required. Furthermore, a 28-day inhalation study is 
not required based on the available hazard and exposure information and 
proposed and existing uses for kasugamycin.
    ii. There is no evidence of increased quantitative or qualitative 
pre- and/or postnatal susceptibility observed in developmental toxicity 
studies in the rat and rabbit, or in a 2-generation reproduction study 
in the rat.

[[Page 51496]]

    iii. The exposure assessment for food and drinking water will not 
underestimate potential dietary exposure to kasugamycin. There are no 
proposed or existing residential uses for kasugamycin.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    EPA determines whether acute and chronic dietary pesticide 
exposures are safe by comparing aggregate exposure estimates to the 
acute PAD (aPAD) and chronic PAD (cPAD). For linear cancer risks, EPA 
calculates the lifetime probability of acquiring cancer given the 
estimated aggregate exposure. Short-, intermediate-, and chronic-term 
risks are evaluated by comparing the estimated aggregate food, water, 
and residential exposure to the appropriate PODs to ensure that an 
adequate MOE exists.
    1. Acute risk. An acute aggregate risk assessment takes into 
account acute exposure estimates from dietary consumption of food and 
drinking water. No adverse effect resulting from a single oral exposure 
was identified and no acute dietary endpoint was selected. Therefore, 
kasugamycin is not expected to pose an acute risk.
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that chronic exposure to 
kasugamycin from food and water are below HED's LOC of 100% of the cPAD 
for all population subgroups. The most highly exposed population 
subgroup, children 1-2 years old, had a risk estimate of 1.7% cPAD. 
There are no residential uses for kasugamycin to aggregate with chronic 
exposure to kasugamycin from food and water.
    3. Short- and intermediate-term risk. Short- and intermediate-term 
aggregate exposures take into account short- and intermediate-term 
residential exposures plus chronic exposure to food and water 
(considered to be a background exposure level). Because there are no 
residential uses for kasugamycin, kasugamycin is not expected to pose a 
short- or intermediate-term risk.
    4. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Based on the lack of 
evidence of carcinogenicity in two adequate rodent carcinogenicity 
studies, kasugamycin is not expected to pose a cancer risk to humans.
    5. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to kasugamycin residues.

IV. Other Considerations

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    Adequate enforcement methodology high-performance liquid 
chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) is available to 
enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be requested from: 
Chief, Analytical Chemistry Branch, Environmental Science Center, 701 
Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2905; 
email address: residuemethods@epa.gov.

B. International Residue Limits

    In making its tolerance decisions, EPA seeks to harmonize U.S. 
tolerances with international standards whenever possible, consistent 
with U.S. food safety standards and agricultural practices. EPA 
considers the international maximum residue limits (MRLs) established 
by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), as required by FFDCA 
section 408(b)(4). The Codex Alimentarius is a joint United Nations 
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization food 
standards program, and it is recognized as an international food safety 
standards-setting organization in trade agreements to which the United 
States is a party. EPA may establish a tolerance that is different from 
a Codex MRL; however, FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that EPA explain 
the reasons for departing from the Codex level. The Codex has not 
established a MRL for kasugamycin.

C. Revisions to Petitioned-For Tolerances

    As EPA explained in its latest crop group rulemaking published in 
the Federal Register of August 22, 2012 (77 FR 50617) (FRL-9354-3), EPA 
will attempt to conform petitions seeking tolerances for crop groups to 
the newer established crop groups, rather than establish new tolerances 
under the pre-existing crop groups, as part of its effort to eventually 
convert tolerances for any pre-existing crop group to tolerances with 
coverage under the revised crop group. Therefore, although the 
petitioner requested tolerances for crop group 11 (pome fruit), EPA 
evaluated tolerances for crop group 11-10 (pome fruit).
    Based on the available residue data and using the Organization for 
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tolerance calculation 
procedure, EPA is establishing a tolerance of 0.20 ppm for residues of 
kasugamycin in or on fruit, pome (crop group 11-10).
    EPA also is not establishing tolerances for walnuts and fruiting 
vegetables because the petitioner withdrew its tolerance requests for 
those commodities.
    The Agency has revised the tolerance expression in 40 CFR 
180.614(a) to clarify:
    1. That, as provided in FFDCA section 408(a)(3), the tolerance 
covers metabolites and degradates of kasugamycin not specifically 
mentioned.
    2. That compliance with the specified tolerance levels is to be 
determined by measuring only the specific compounds mentioned in the 
tolerance expression.

V. Conclusion

    Therefore, tolerances are established for residues of kasugamycin, 
in or on pome fruits (crop group 11-10) at 0.20 ppm. This regulation 
additionally deletes the time-limited tolerance for apple, as the 
tolerance will be superseded by permanent tolerances in the various 
pome fruits.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This final rule establishes tolerances under FFDCA section 408(d) 
in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled ``Regulatory Planning and 
Review'' (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this final rule has 
been exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this final rule 
is not subject to Executive Order 13211, entitled ``Actions Concerning 
Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or 
Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled 
``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety 
Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This final rule does not contain 
any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require any 
special considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled ``Federal 
Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and 
Low-Income Populations'' (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis 
of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this 
final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.), do not apply.

[[Page 51497]]

    This final rule directly regulates growers, food processors, food 
handlers, and food retailers, not States or Tribes, nor does this 
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency has determined that 
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or 
tribal governments, on the relationship between the national government 
and the States or tribal governments, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between 
the Federal Government and Indian Tribes. Thus, the Agency has 
determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 
43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled 
``Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 
67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply to this final rule. In addition, 
this final rule does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any 
unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates 
Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
    This action does not involve any technical standards that would 
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant 
to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).

VII. Congressional Review Act

    Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), 
EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required 
information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and 
the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of 
the rule in the Federal Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' 
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: August 20, 2014.
Marty Monell,
Acting Director, Office of Pesticide Programs.

    Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.

0
2. Revise Sec.  180.614 to read as follows:

Sec.  180.614  Kasugamycin; tolerances for residues.

    (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of 
kasugamycin, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the 
commodities listed in the following table. Compliance with the 
tolerance levels specified is to be determined by measuring only 
kasugamycin (3-O-[2-amino-4-[(carboxyimino-methyl)amino]-2,3,4,6-
tetradeoxy-[alpha]-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl]-D-chiro-inositol) in or on 
the commodity.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Parts per
                         Commodity                             million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fruit, pome, group 11-10...................................         0.20
Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 \1\...........................         0.04
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ There is no U.S. registration as of September 1, 2005.

    (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved]
    (c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
    (d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved]

[FR Doc. 2014-20502 Filed 8-28-14; 8:45 am]
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