Document ID: EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0004-0145
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-01-29T05:00Z

Page
1
Appendix
H
Risk
Data
Page
2
Chemicals
of
Low
Toxicological
Concern
Page
3
Fate
Data
of
Solvent
G
CAS
#:
64742­
94­
5
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
4
Toxicological
Profile
of
Solvent
G
CAS
#:
64742­
94­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
35
­
80
deg
°
C
Form:
No
data
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water
at
20
deg
°
C
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
There
are
no
known
chronic
effects
associated
with
this
chemical.

No
known
chronic
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
According
to
the
IARC
Cancer
Review,
there
is
limited
evidence
of
animal
carcinogenicity.
Page
5
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
limited
evidence
of
animal
carcinogenicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
6
Fate
Profile
for
Trichlorotluoromethane
(
CFC­
11)
CAS
#:
75­
69­
4
Overview
Trichlorofluoromethane
(
Freon
11)
was
primarily
released
to
the
environment
during
its
use
as
a
propellant
in
aerosol
sprays.
From
modeling
studies,
99.97%
of
trichlorofluoromethane
should
partition
into
the
air
compartment.
However,
this
use
was
banned
in
the
US
on
Dec.
15,
1978.
Other
sources
of
emissions
include
its
use
as
a
refrigerant,
foaming
agent
for
polyurethane
foams,
solvent
and
degreaser,
and
fire
extinguishing
agent.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
trichlorofluoromethane
may
also
pass
through
the
soil,
where
it
is
likely
to
persist
for
long
periods
of
time.
Due
to
its
extremely
high
vapor
pressure
(
766.8
mm
Hg
at
24.02
deg
°
C)
and
negligible
adsorption
trichlorofluoromethane
will
evaporate
rapidly
from
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
trichlorofluoromethane
will
be
lost
almost
exclusively
by
evaporation
(
half­
life
6.1
hr
in
a
typical
river).
Abiotic
degradation,
biodegradation,
and
adsorption
to
sediment
will
be
insignificant.
Trichlorofluoromethane
has
an
extremely
high
Henry's
Law
constant,
5.0
atm
cu­
m/
mol,
as
a
result
of
which,
it
is
predicted
to
have
a
volatilization
half­
life
of
6.1
hr
from
a
river
1
m
deep
with
a
3
m/
sec
wind
and
1
m/
sec
current.
The
rate
of
evaporation
for
chemicals
of
such
high
Henry's
Law
constants
will
be
limited
by
the
rate
of
diffusion
in
the
aqueous
compartment.

Concentration
profiles
in
oceans
show
that
trichlorofluoromethane
is
primarily
in
surface
layers,
suggesting
that
the
oceans
are
not
a
sink
for
this
chemical.
Bioconcentration
in
fish
is
unlikely.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
the
troposphere
is
apparently
also
not
a
sink
for
trichlorofluoromethane
since
estimates
of
its
half­
life
range
from
52
to
207
years.
Some
trichlorofluoromethane
will
be
lost
due
to
rainout
but
will
return
to
the
atmosphere
as
a
result
of
evaporation.
In
fact,
the
only
major
sink
for
trichlorofluoromethane
is
its
slow
diffusion
into
the
stratosphere
where
photolysis
occurs
and
subsequent
reactions
destroy
the
ozone.
As
a
result
of
its
stability,
trichlorofluoromethane
is
transported
long
distances,
being
found
even
at
the
South
Pole,
and
its
concentration
is
fairly
uniform
around
the
globe
away
from
known
sources.
Since
Page
7
there
are
no
major
tropospheric
sinks,
the
concentration
of
trichlorofluoromethane
had
been
increasing
by
about
10%
a
year
in
the
late
1970'
s,
a
trend
that
seems
to
be
leveling
off
as
a
result
of
its
ban
in
aerosols.

.
Page
8
Toxicological
Profile
of
Trichloromethane
(
CFC­
11)
CAS
#:
75­
69­
4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
23.7
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
1
g
sol
in
1
L
water
@
25
deg
 
C;
sol
in
alc,
ether,
other
organic
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
8­
hr
Time­
Weighted
avg:
1,000
ppm;
5,600
mg/
cu
m.

CFC­
11
used
as
a
propellant
in
aerosol
sprays
was
banned
in
the
US
on
Dec.
15,
1978
because
of
their
depleting
effect
on
the
stratospheric
ozone.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
ofChemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1517
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biological
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1517
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
598
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June1994.,
p.
146
Solubility
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1517
National
Research
Council.
Drinking
Water
and
Health.
Volume
3.
Washington,
DC:
National
Academy
Press,
1980.,
p.
167
Page
9
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
osha­
slc.
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
No
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
effects
were
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Based
on
the
fact
that
the
aerosol
stays
in
the
upper
parts
of
the
atmosphere,
it
is
highly
unlikely
that
any
chronic
effects
will
be
seen
in
humans.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3081
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3085
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
II­
160
WHO;
Environmental
Health
Criteria
113:
Fully
Halogenated
Chlorofluorocarbons
p.
101
(
1990)

Grant,
W.
M.
Toxicology
of
the
Eye.
3rd
ed.
Springfield,
IL:
Charles
C.
Thomas
Publisher,
1986.,
p.
941
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
II­
159
Campell
DD
et
al;
Br
J
Ind
Med
43:
107­
11
(
1986)
Page
10
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists
(
ACGIH),
CFC­
11
is
not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
Group
A4).

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
3E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2E­
01
A
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)

Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
11
Fate
Profile
for
Acetone
CAS
#:
67­
64­
1
Overview
Acetone
is
produced
in
large
quantities
and
may
be
released
to
the
environment
as
stack
emissions,
fugitive
emissions,
and
in
waste
water
in
its
production
and
use
as
a
chemical
intermediate
and
solvent.
Most
acetone
used
in
solvents
will
be
ultimately
released
into
the
air.
Acetone
is
a
product
of
the
photooxidation
of
some
alkanes
and
alkenes
that
are
found
in
urban
air
and
it
is
also
released
from
volcanoes
and
forest
fires.
It
is
a
metabolic
product,
released
by
plants
and
animals.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
on
soil,
acetone
will
both
volatilize
and
leach
into
the
ground.
Acetone
readily
biodegrades
and
there
is
evidence
suggesting
that
it
biodegrades
fairly
rapidly
in
soils.
Adsorption
to
sediment
should
not
be
significant.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
into
water,
acetone
will
probably
biodegrade.
It
is
readily
biodegradable
in
screening
tests,
although
data
from
natural
water
are
lacking.
The
Henry's
Law
Constant
for
acetone
is
3.7X10­
5
atm­
cu
m/
mole.
Using
this
Henry's
Law
Constant,
one
can
estimate
a
half­
life
for
volatilization
from
a
model
river
1
m
deep
with
1m/
sec
current
and
a
3
m/
sec
wind
of
20
hr.
Based
on
experimentally
determined
mass
transfer
coefficient
relative
to
oxygen
at
different
mixing
rates
ranging
from
0.074
to
0.335,
the
half­
life
of
acetone
in
a
model
river
and
lake
is
estimated
to
be
2­
10
and
16­
186
days,
respectively.
Bioconcentration
in
aquatic
organisms
should
not
be
significant.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
acetone
will
be
lost
by
photolysis
and
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals.
Half­
life
estimates
from
these
combined
processes
are
79
and
13
days
in
January
and
June,
respectively,
for
an
overall
annual
average
of
22
days.
Therefore
considerable
dispersion
should
occur.
Being
miscible
in
water,
wash
out
by
rain
should
be
an
important
removal
process.
Page
12
Toxicological
Profile
of
Acetone
CAS
#:
67­
64­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
56.2
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
benzene;
miscible
in
water
and
alcohol,
dimethylformamide,
ether,
most
oils.
OSHA
PEL:
750
ppm;
1800
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
67th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
Inc.,
1986­
87.
C­
51
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
8
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
2
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
67th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
Inc.,
1986­
87.
C­
51
The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
10
Riddick,
J.
A.,
W.
B.
Bunger,
Sakano
T.
K.
Techniques
of
Chemistry
4th
ed.,
Volume
II.
Organic
Solvents.
New
York,
NY:
John
Wiley
Sons.,
1985.,
p.
336
Page
13
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
the
vapors
of
acetone
may
cause
respiratory
irritation,
headaches
and
stomach
and
duodenal
inflammation.
Prolonged
and/
or
repeated
dermal
contact
may
cause
defatting
of
the
skin
and
dermatitis.
Acetone
may
enhance
the
hepatoxicity
of
chlorinated
hydrocarbons.
There
have
been
no
reports
that
prolonged
inhalation
of
low
vapor
concentrations
result
in
any
serious
chronic
effects
in
humans.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
III­
168
International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Vols.
I&
II.
Geneva,
Switzerland:
International
Labour
Office,
1983.,
p.
38
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
4720
Verschueren,
K.
Handbook
of
Environmental
Data
of
Organic
Chemicals.
2nd
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1983.,
p.
150
Kirk­
Othmer
Encyclopedia
of
Chemical
Technology.
3rd
ed.,
Volumes
1­
26.
New
York,
NY:
John
Wiley
and
Sons,
1978­
1984.
1(
78)
186
Page
14
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
IRIS
database,
acetone
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
lack
of
data
concerning
carcinogenicity
in
humans
or
animals.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
None.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
acetone
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
August
15,
1994
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
Non­
toxic
Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
15
Fate
Profile
for
Isobutane
CAS
#:
75­
28­
5
Overview
Isobutane
is
a
component
of
petroleum
and
natural
gas
and
may
be
released
as
evaporative
emissions
or
in
wastewater
resulting
from
the
refining,
storage
and
distribution
of
gasoline.
It
is
also
released
in
vehicle
exhaust.
Consumer
products
may
contain
isobutane
which
will
be
released
to
the
atmosphere
when
these
products
are
used.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
isobutane
is
estimated
to
have
a
very
low
adsorptivity
to
soil.
Since
isobutane
is
a
gas
and
has
a
very
high
Henry's
Law,
4.08
atm­
cu
m/
mole,
(
calculated
from
its
vapor
pressure
and
water
solubility
(
48.9
mg/
l)),
high
vapor
pressure,
2611
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C,
and
low
adsorptivity
to
soil
indicate
that
volatilization
will
be
an
important
fate
process
from
both
moist
and
dry
soil
surfaces.
An
estimated
Koc
value
of
35,
derived
from
a
molecular
structure
estimation
method,
suggests
that
isobutane
will
have
very
high
mobility
in
soil.
Isobutane
is
biodegradable,
especially
under
acclimated
conditions,
and
may
biodegrade
in
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
isobutane
would
readily
volatilize;
estimated
half­
lives
for
a
model
river
and
model
lake
are
2.2
hr
and
3.0
days,
respectively.
The
Henry's
Law
constant
for
isobutane
estimated
from
its
vapor
pressure,
2611
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C,
and
water
solubility,
48.9
mg/
l,
is
4.08
atm­
cu
m/
mol.
Using
this
value
for
the
Henry's
Law
constant,
the
volatilization
half­
life
for
isobutane
in
a
model
river
1
m
deep
flowing
at
1
m/
s
with
a
wind
speed
of
3
m/
s
is
estimated
to
be
2.2
hr.
Similarly,
the
volatilization
half­
life
of
isobutane
from
a
model
lake
1
m
deep,
with
a
0.05
m/
s
current
and
a
0.5
m/
s
wind
is
estimated
to
be
3.0
days.

Microcosm
experiments
designed
to
replicate
conditions
in
Narragansett
Bay,
RI
indicate
that
volatilization
will
be
the
dominant
removal
mechanism
for
isobutane
from
the
water
column
following
a
hypothetical
input.
Its
volatilization
half­
lives
in
natural
estuaries
are
estimated
to
be
4.4
and
6.8
days
at
20
and
10
deg
°
C,
respectively.
Isobutane
also
biodegrades
in
the
microcosm
with
an
initial
rate
commensurate
with
half­
lives
of
16­
26
days
at
20
deg
°
C,
significantly
slower
than
the
loss
predicted
by
gas
exchange.
However,
after
acclimation
of
2­
4
weeks,
the
biodegradation
rate
increases
markedly
so
that
in
the
case
of
continuous
environmental
releases,
biodegradation
may
become
the
dominant
removal
mechanism.
Isobutane
is
not
expected
to
bioconcentrate
in
aquatic
organisms.
Page
16
Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
isobutane
is
degraded
by
a
reaction
with
photochemically­
produced
hydroxyl
radicals;
the
half­
life
for
this
reaction
in
air
is
6.9
days.
Page
17
Toxicological
Profile
of
Isobutane
CAS
#:
75­
28­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
­
11.7
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
gas
Solubility:
In
water:
48.9
mg/
L
@
25
deg
 
C;
Sol
in
alcohol,
ether,
and
chloroform.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
75th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Fl:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1994­
1995.
3­
275
Form
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lewis,
R.
J.,
Sr
(
Ed.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
12th
ed.
NewYork,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Rheinhold
Co.,
1993,
p.
651
Solubility
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
75th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Fl:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1994­
1995.
3­
275
McAuliffe
C;
J
Phys
Chem
70:
1267­
75
(
1966)

Chronic
Toxicity
Occupation
exposure
will
be
by
inhalation
and
dermal
contact
related
to
the
use
of
fuel
products
and
inhalation
of
engine
exhaust.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
Page
18
3183
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
H.
C.
Hodge,
R.
P.
Smith,
and
M.
N.
Gleason.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
4th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1976.
II­
103
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
19
Fate
Profile
for
Propane
CAS
#:
74­
98­
6
Overview
Propane
is
a
highly
volatile,
constituent
in
the
paraffin
fraction
of
crude
oil
and
natural
gas.
Propane
gas
is
released
to
the
environment
via
the
manufacture,
use
and
disposal
of
many
products
associated
with
the
petroleum
and
natural
gas
industries.
Extensive
data
show
release
of
propane
into
ambient
air
from
waste
incinerators
and
the
combustion
of
gasoline,
natural
gas
and
polyethylene.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
photolysis
or
hydrolysis
of
propane
gas
is
not
expected
to
be
important
in
soils.
The
biodegradation
of
propane
may
occur
in
soils;
however,
primarily
volatilization
is
expected
to
be
the
dominant
fate
process.
To
a
lesser
extent,
adsorption
may
occur.
A
calculated
Koc
range
of
450
to
460
indicates
a
medium
mobility
class
for
propane
in
soils.
Based
upon
an
estimated
Henry's
Law
constant
of
7.07X10­
1
atm­
cu
m/
mole
at
25
deg
°
C,
propane
is
expected
to
rapidly
volatilize
from
most
surface
soils.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
propane
may
partition
from
the
water
column
to
organic
matter
contained
in
sediments
and
suspended
materials.
A
Henry's
Law
constant
of
7.07X10­
1
atm­
cu
m/
mole
at
25
deg
°
C
suggests
extremely
rapid
volatilization
of
propane
from
environmental
waters.
The
volatilization
half
lives
from
a
model
river
and
a
model
pond,
the
latter
considers
the
effect
of
adsorption,
have
been
estimated
to
be
1.9
hr
and
2.3
days,
respectively.

Photolysis
or
hydrolysis
of
propane
gas
in
aquatic
systems
is
not
expected
to
be
important.
The
bioconcentration
factor
(
log
BCF)
for
propane
has
been
estimated
to
range
from
1.56
to
1.78
suggesting
bioconcentration
is
not
an
important
factor
in
aquatic
systems.
An
estimated
range
for
Koc
from
450
to
460
indicates
propane
may
partition
from
the
water
column
to
organic
matter
contained
in
sediments
and
suspended
materials.

Fate
in
Water
Propane
is
expected
to
exist
almost
entirely
in
the
vapor
phase
in
ambient
air.
Reactions
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
in
the
atmosphere
have
been
shown
to
occur
(
average
half
life
of
13
days).
Data
also
suggests
that
nighttime
reactons
with
radical
species
and
Page
20
nitrogen
oxides
may
contribute
to
the
atmospheric
transformation
of
propane.
Extensive
monitoring
data
indicates
propane
is
a
widely
occurring
atmospheric
pollutant.
Page
21
Toxicological
Profile
of
Propane
CAS
#:
74­
98­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
­
42.1
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
gas
Solubility:
62.4
ppm
in
water
at
25
deg
 
C;
slightly
sol
in
acetone;
>
10%
in
benzene,
ether,
ethanol,
and
chloroform.
OSHA
PEL:
1000
ppm;
1800
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1124
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
6th
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
1984.,
p.
2292
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
262
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

McAuliffe
C;
J
Phys
Chem
70:
1267­
75
(
1966)

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.).
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
60th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1979.
C­
446
Weast,
R.
C.
and
M.
J.
Astle.
CRC
Handbook
of
Data
on
OrganicCompounds.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.
1985.
V2
140
The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1124
Page
22
OSHA
PEL:

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
No
toxicity
or
abnormalities
were
observed
in
animals
exposed
to
the
test
material
for
>
3
months.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3181
Snyder,
R.
(
ed.)
Ethyl
Browning's
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
2nd
ed.
Volume
1:
Hydrocarbons.
Amsterdam
­
New
York
­
Oxford:
Elsevier,
1987.,
p.
263
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
II­
150
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
23
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
24
Fate
Data
of
Nitrogen
CAS
#:
7727­
37­
9
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
25
Toxicological
Profile
of
Nitrogen
CAS
#:
7727­
37­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
­
195.79
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
gas;
colorless
liquid;
solid
cubic
crystals;
gas
condenses
to
liquid;
solidifies
to
snow­
white
mass.
Solubility:
100
vol
water
absorbs
2.4
vol
nitrogen
@
0
deg
 
C;
water
absorbs
1.6
vol
nitrogen
@
20
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
liquid
ammonia;
1
vol
alcohol
dissolves
0.1124
vol
nitrogen
@
20
deg
 
C.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1044
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
4­
79
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1044
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1044
Chronic
Toxicity
No
chronic
effects
were
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Used
as
a
food
additive
also
as
a
propellant
in
food
production.
Page
26
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Rockswold
G,
Buran
DJ;
Ann
Emerg
Med
11(
10):
553­
5
(
1982)

Rogers
WH,
Moeller
G;
Undersea
Biomedical
Research
16
(
3):
227­
32
(
1989)

Data
may
also
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Doull,
John,
M.
D.,
Ph.
D.,
et
al.
1980.
Casarett
and
Doull's
Toxicology,
The
Basic
Science
of
Poisons
(
second
edition).
Macmillan
Publishing
Co.,
Inc.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effect
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
use)
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
27
Fate
Data
of
Medium
Aliphatic
Naptha
CAS
#:
64742­
88­
7
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
28
Toxicological
Profile
of
Medium
Aliphatic
Naphtha
CAS
#:
64742­
88­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
Unknown
Form:
No
data
Solubility:
No
data
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Chronic
Toxicity
Expect
poor
absorbtion
by
all
routes.
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effect
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
Page
29
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
30
Fate
Data
of
Propylene
Dichloride
CAS
#:
563­
54­
2
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
31
Toxicological
Profile
of
Propylene
Dichloride
(
1,2­
Dichloropropene)
CAS
#:
563­
54­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
75
deg
 
C
Form:
Liquid
Solubility:
Water
solubility
=
4400
mg/
l
(
est)
OSHA
PEL:
75
ppm;
350
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
6th
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
1984.,
p.
963
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
6th
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
1984.,
p.
963
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

SRC;
Jaber
HM
et
al;
Data
Acquisition
for
Environ
Transport
and
Fate
Screening
USEPA­
600/
6­
84­
009
p312
(
1984)

OSHA
PEL:

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
MineralDusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]
Page
32
Chronic
Toxicity
No
data
regarding
the
chronic
effects
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
America
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists
(
ACGIH),
propylene
dichloride
is
not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
Class
A4)

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Low
to
Mild
Acute
Toxicity)
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)

Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
33
Fate
Data
of
Citric
Acid
CAS
#:
77­
92­
9
Citric
acid
is
widely
distributed
in
plants
and
in
animals
tissues
and
fluids.
Produced
by
mycological
fermentation
on
an
industrial
scale
using
crude
sugar
solutions,
such
as
molasses
and
strains
of
Aspergillus
niger.
Also
extracted
form
citrus
fruits
(
lemon
juice
contains
5%
to
8%)
and
from
pineapple
wastes.
Citric
acid
will
react
with
the
enzyme
citratase/
citratelyase/
to
yield
oxaloacetic
acid
&
acetic
acid.

No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
34
Toxicological
Profile
of
Citric
Acid
CAS
#:
77­
92­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
Not
established
Melting
Point:
153
deg
°
C
Form:
Colorless,
translucent
crystals
Solubility:
In
water
59.2%
wt/
wt
@
20
deg
 
C;
64.3%
wt/
wt
@
30
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
alcohol
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardouse
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
3­
183
Melting
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
3­
183
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
363
Osol,
A.
and
J.
E.
Hoover,
et
al.
(
eds.).
Remington's
Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
15th
ed.
Easton,
Pennsylvania:
Mack
Publishing
Co.,
1975.,
p.
1260
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
3­
183
Solubility
­
From
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.).
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
60th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1979.
C­
251
Page
35
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
363
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
3­
183
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
citric
acid
caused
no
harmful
effects
on
growth,
reproduction,
blood
values,
pathology,
or
calcium
levels.
A
5%
dosage
in
the
diet
did
not
depress
food
intake
but
caused
loss
in
body
weight
gain
and
reduced
survival
time
in
mice.
Chronic
ingestion
may
cause
tooth
erosion
and
local
irritation.
Used
as
an
acidulant
in
beverages,
confectionery,
effervescent
salts
and
pharmaceutical
syrups.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
4947
Goodman,
L.
S.,
and
A.
Gilman.
(
eds.)
The
Pharmacological
Basis
of
Therapeutics.
5th
ed.
New
York:
Macmillan
Publishing
Co.,
Inc.,
1975.,
p.
806
Hannig
M
et
al;
Drug
Invest
4
(
6):
484­
91
(
1992)

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
4946
Carcinogenicity
No
data
available
to
assess
the
carcinogenic
potential
of
this
agent.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
36
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
use)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
37
Fate
Profile
for
Methyl
Ethyl
Ketone
CAS
#:
78­
93­
3
Overview
Large
quantities
of
methyl
ethyl
ketone
(
MEK)
are
used
as
a
solvent
especially
in
the
coatings
industry.
MEK
will
be
discharged
into
the
atmosphere
from
this
and
other
industrial
uses.
It
will
also
be
discharged
in
waste
water.
In
addition,
high
atmospheric
MEK
levels
are
associated
with
photochemical
smog
episodes
although
it
is
generally
absent
from
ambient
air.
It
is
formed
as
a
result
of
the
natural
photooxidation
of
olefinic
hydrocarbons
which
get
in
the
air
from
automobiles,
etc.
Milk
cultures
of
five
Leuconostoc
dextranicum
strains
have
been
shown
to
be
capable
of
reducing
MEK
to
2­
butyl
alcohol.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
methyl
ethyl
ketone
will
partially
evaporate
into
the
atmosphere
and
partially
leach
into
the
ground.
Its
degradation
in
soil
is
unknown.
No
information
concerning
the
adsorption
of
methyl
ethyl
ketone
could
be
found
in
the
literature
but
its
low
partition
coefficient
(
log
P
=
0.29)
indicates
that
soil
adsorption
will
be
low.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
methyl
ethyl
ketone
will
evaporate
into
the
atmosphere
with
expected
half­
lives
of
3
and
12
days
in
rivers
and
lakes,
respectively.
It
will
also
biodegrade
slowly
in
both
fresh
and
salt
water.
Due
to
its
high
vapor
pressure,
volatilization
from
soil
will
be
rapid.
No
information
is
available
concerning
its
fate
in
groundwater
but
biodegradability
studies
in
anaerobic
systems
suggest
that
it
may
degrade
slowly
after
a
long
acclimation
period.
Adsorption
to
sediment
will
not
be
a
significant
loss
process.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
methyl
ethyl
ketone
will
degrade
principally
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
(
half­
life
2.3
days).
Under
photochemical
smog
situations,
degradation
may
be
slightly
faster.
Page
38
Toxicological
Profile
of
Methyl
Ethyl
Ketone
(
MEK)
CAS
#:
96­
29­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
79.6
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
353
g/
L
water
@
10
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
alcohol,
ether,
acetone
and
benzene.
OSHA
PEL:
200
ppm;
590
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
870
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
6th
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
1984.,
p.
549
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
36
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Verschueren,
K.
Handbook
of
Environmental
Data
of
Organic
Chemicals.
2nd
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1983.,
p.
850
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
C­
353
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
Page
39
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
to
liquid
via
the
skin
may
cause
defatting
of
the
skin
and
dermatitis.
No
untoward
effects
have
been
reported
for
chronic
exposure
to
low
concentrations.
May
increase
the
toxic
effects
of
kidney
and
liver
caused
by
haloginated
aliphatic
compounds
(
such
as
chloroform
and
carbon
tetrachloride).

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
4728
International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Vols.
I&
II.
Geneva,
Switzerland:
International
Labour
Office,
1983.,
p.
1171
Bang
KM;
Health
Hazards
in
the
Occupational
Environment
7
(
3):
15­
29
(
1984)

Alterkirch
H
et
al;
J
Neurology
214:
137­
52
(
1977)

Carcinogenicity
The
IRIS
database
gives
this
chemical
a
classification
of
D
which
means
that
is
is
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcingenicity.
This
is
based
on
no
human
carcinogenicity
data
and
inadequate
animal.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
methyl
ethyl
ketone
(
78­
93­
3)
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
August
29,
1994
Page
40
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
6E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.86E­
01
I
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
41
Fate
Data
of
Titanium
Dioxide
CAS
#:
13463­
67­
7
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
42
Toxicological
Profile
of
Titanium
Dioxide
CAS
#:
13463­
67­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
2500­
3000
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless,
tetragonal
crystals;
amorphous,
infusible
powder.
Solubility:
Soluble
in
hot
concn
sulfuric
acid,
in
hydrofluoric
acid;
insoluble
in
hydrochloric
acid,
nitric
acid
or
diluted
sulfuric
acid;
insoluble
in
organic
solvents;
soluble
in
alkali;
insoluble
in
water.
OSHA
PEL:
8­
hr
Time­
Weighted
avg:
15
mg/
cu
m
/
Titanium
dioxide,
total
dust/

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
B­
140
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
B­
138
Osol,
A.
(
ed.).
Remington's
Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
16th
ed.
Easton,
Pennsylvania:
Mack
Publishing
Co.,
1980.,
p.
733
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1492
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
310
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1492
Page
43
American
Hospital
Formulary
Service.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Washington,
DC:
American
Society
of
Hospital
Pharmacists,
to
1984.
84:
2412
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
B­
140
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
the
vapors
of
titanium
dioxide
may
cause
mild
pulmonary
irritation,
and
bronchitis.
Most
available
studies
suggest
that
inhaled
titanium
dioxide
is
biologically
inert.
The
biocompatibility
is
high
as
shown
by
its
vast
use
as
an
implant
material
in
orthopedics,
oral
surgery
and
neurosurgery.
The
small
amounts
of
titanium
occasionally
released
from
implants
into
adjacent
tissues
have
not
caused
any
adverse
effects.
When
fed
to
animals,
titanium
dioxide
coated
mica
displayed
no
evidence
of
either
carcinogenic
or
toxicologic
effect
at
dietary
concentrations
as
high
as
5.0%.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
1978
Friberg,
L.,
Nordberg,
G.
F.,
Kessler,
E.
and
Vouk,
V.
B.
(
eds).
Handbook
of
the
Toxicology
of
Metals.
2nd
ed.
Vols
I,
II.:
Amsterdam:
Elsevier
Science
Publishers
B.
V.,
1986.
V2
594
Friberg,
L.,
Nordberg,
G.
F.,
Kessler,
E.
and
Vouk,
V.
B.
(
eds).
Handbook
of
the
Toxicology
of
Metals.
2nd
ed.
Vols
I,
II.:
Amsterdam:
Elsevier
Science
Publishers
B.
V.,
1986.
V2
602
Page
44
Bernard
BK
et
al;
J
Toxicol
Environ
Health
28
(
4):
415­
26
(
1989)

Carcinogenicity
According
to
IARC,
there
is
inadequate
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
titanium
dioxide
in
humans.
There
is
limited
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
titanium
dioxide
in
experimental
animals.

Overall
evaluation:
Titanium
dioxide
is
not
classifiable
as
to
its
carcinogenicity
to
humans
(
Group
3).

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
(
ACGIH)

Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
45
Fate
Profile
for
Cyclohexane
CAS
#:
10­
82­
7
Overview
Cyclohexane
occurs
naturally
in
crude
oil
and
may
be
released
wherever
petroleum
products
are
refined,
stored,
and
used.
Another
large
source
of
general
release
is
in
exhaust
gases
from
motor
vehicles.
It
is
also
produced
in
large
quantities
primarily
as
an
intermediate
in
the
manufacture
of
nylon
and
releases
in
wastewater,
and
as
fugitive
emissions,
can
be
expected
in
connection
with
its
manufacture
and
use.
Various
bacterial
systems
oxidize
cyclohexane
to
cyclohexanol.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
cyclohexane
will
be
lost
through
volatilization
and
should
leach
into
groundwater
in
view
of
the
high
vapor
pressure
(
97.6
torr
at
25
deg
°
C).
While
cyclohexane
is
resistant
to
biodegradation,
degradation
occurs
slowly
in
groundwater
in
the
presence
of
other
petrochemicals.
The
Koc
for
cyclohexane
estimated
from
its
solubility
(
54.8
mg/
1)
by
a
recommended
regression
equation
is
480,
indicating
a
moderate
adsorptivity
to
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
volatilization
(
estimated
half­
life
2
hr
in
a
model
river)
should
be
the
most
important
fate
process
occurring
in
aquatic
systems.
This
is
true
because
the
Henry's
Law
constant
for
cyclohexane,
7.9,
indicates
that
it
will
volatilize
rapidly
from
water
with
the
rate
being
controlled
by
diffusion
through
the
liquid
phase.
While
bioconcentration
in
aquatic
organisms
and
adsorption
to
sediment
is
estimated
to
occur
to
a
moderate
extent,
vaporization
should
be
so
rapid
that
they
will
not
contribute
significantly
to
cyclohexane's
fate
in
water.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
cyclohexane
will
degrade
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
(
half­
life
52
hr).
The
half­
life
is
much
faster
under
photochemical
smog
conditions
with
half­
lives
as
low
as
6
hr
being
reported.
Page
46
Toxicological
Profile
of
Cyclohexane
CAS
#:
10­
82­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
80.7
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
soluble
in
alcohol,
ether,
acetone,
&
benzene;
miscible
with
olive
oil.
OSHA
PEL:
300
ppm;
1050
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
391
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
130
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
82
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
391
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.).
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
66th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
Florida:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1985­
1986.
C­
224
Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
130
The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
391
Page
47
OSHA
PEL:

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
or
repeated
exposure
to
cyclohexane
may
result
in
skin
irritation
due
to
defatting
of
the
skin.
No
other
human
chronic
data
available.
No
adverse
clinical
observations
were
found
in
rats
subjected
to
2500
ppm
cyclohexane
exposed
(
9­
10
hr/
day,
5­
6
days/
week)
to
controlled
concentrations
of
the
test
material
in
ambient
air.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
390
Frontali
N
et
al;
Clin
Toxicol
18
(
12):
1357­
67
(
1981)

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
48
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
49
Fate
Profile
for
2­
Propanol
CAS
#:
67­
63­
0
Overview
Isopropanol
will
enter
the
environment
as
emissions
from
its
manufacture
and
use
as
a
solvent.
It
naturally
occurs
as
a
plant
volatile
and
is
released
during
the
microbial
degradation
of
animal
wastes.
Isopropanol
will
oxidize
to
acetone.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
isopropanol
will
both
evaporate
quickly
and
leach
into
the
ground
due
to
its
high
vapor
pressure
and
low
adsorption
to
soil.
Degradation
in
soil
and
groundwater
has
not
been
determined.
If
soil
degradation
is
not
rapid,
it
is
apt
to
leach
into
the
groundwater.
No
information
on
the
adsorption
of
isopropanol
on
soils
and
sediments
could
be
found
in
the
literature
but
its
low
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient
(
log
p=
0.34)
indicates
that
its
adsorption
will
be
low.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
isopropyl
alcohol
will
volatilize
(
estimated
half­
life
approximately
5.4
days)
and
may
biodegrade.
Although
it
is
readily
degradable
in
a
number
of
laboratory
tests,
no
data
on
its
degradability
in
natural
waters
could
be
found.

The
estimated
half­
life
for
evaporation
of
isopropanol
from
water
1
m
deep
with
a
1
m/
sec
current
and
3
m/
sec
wind
is
5.4
days.
Isopropanol
is
relatively
volatile
(
vapor
pressure
0.32X10+
2
torr
(
20
deg
°
C)
and
57
torr
(
30
deg
°
C)
and
would
therefore
readily
evaporate
from
soil
and
surfaces.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
isopropanol
will
photodegrade
with
an
estimated
half­
life
ranging
from
one
to
several
days.
Due
to
its
solubility
in
water,
rainout
may
be
significant.
Page
50
Toxicological
Profile
of
Isopropanol
(
2­
Propanol)
CAS
#:
67­
63­
0
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
82.5
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
benzene;
>
10%
in
water
and
alcohol;
miscible
in
most
solvents
OSHA
PEL:
400
PPM;
980
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
749
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
4562
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
180
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
749
Weast,
R.
C.
(
ed.)
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
69th
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1988­
1989.
C­
455
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
4562
Weast,
R.
C.
and
M.
J.
Astle.
CRC
Handbook
of
Data
on
Organic
Compounds.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.
1985.
V1
798
Page
51
OSHA
PEL:

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
liquids
via
the
skin
may
cause
mild
central
nervous
system
(
CNS)
depression.
Conclusive
evidence
for
liver
damage
is
non­
existent,
but
isopropyl
alcohol
may
enhance
hepatotoxicity
of
carbon
tetrachloride
in
animals.
Isopropyl
alcohol
has
been
given
a
Reproductive
Hazard
Rating
of
B:
there
is
evidence
of
few
reproductive
effects
having
been
demonstrated
in
animals
and
no
human
data
are
available
at
this
time.
(
Reprotext(
R)(
1995).

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Reynolds,
J.
E.
F.,
Prasad,
A.
B.
(
eds.)
Martindale­
The
Extra
Pharmacopoeia.
28th
ed.
London:
The
Pharmaceutical
Press,
1982.,
p.
40
Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
III­
218
Dreisbach,
R.
H.
Handbook
of
Poisoning.
12th
ed.
Norwalk,
CT:
Appleton
and
Lange,
1987.,
p.
178
IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
V15
234
(
1977)

Shepard,
T.
H.
Catalog
of
Teratogenic
Agents.
5th
ed.
Baltimore,
MD:
The
Johns
Hopkins
University
Press,
1986.,
p.
329
Lyon
Rc
et
Al;
J
Pharmacol
Exp
Ther
(
3)
218:
669­
75
(
1981)
Page
52
Carcinogenicity
According
to
IARC,
isopropyl
alcohol
is
classified
as
having
inadequate
evidence
in
humans
as
well
as
inadequate
evidence
in
animals.

This
chemical
is
given
an
overall
evaluation
of
carcinogenic
risk
to
humans
of
a
Group
3:
This
agent
is
not
classifiable
as
to
its
carcinogenicity
to
humans.
At
this
time,
there
is
insufficient
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
in
humans
and
animals.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
V42
207
(
1987)

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
its
carcinogenicity
to
humans
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
53
Fate
Profile
for
Heptane
CAS
#:
142­
82­
5
Overview
n­
Heptane
is
a
highly
volatile
constituent
in
the
paraffin
fraction
of
crude
oil
and
natural
gas.
n­
Heptane
is
released
to
the
environment
via
the
manufacture,
use
and
disposal
of
many
products
associated
with
the
petroleum
and
gasoline
industries.
Extensive
data
show
release
of
n­
heptane
into
the
environment
from
printing
pastes,
paints,
varnishes,
adhesives
and
other
coatings;
landfills
and
waste
incinerators;
vulcanization
and
extrusion
operations
during
rubber
and
synthetic
production;
and
the
combustion
of
gasoline
fueled
engines.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
photolysis
or
hydrolysis
of
n­
heptane
are
not
expected
to
be
important
in
soils.
The
biodegradation
of
n­
heptane
may
occur
in
soils;
however,
volatilization
and
adsorption
are
expected
to
be
far
more
important
fate
processes.
A
high
Koc
indicates
n­
heptane
will
be
slightly
mobile
to
immobile
in
moist
soils.
n­
Heptane
is
also
expected
to
rapidly
volatilize
from
surface
soils
based
upon
an
estimated
Henry's
Law
constant
of
2.06
atm­
cu
m/
mole.
Based
on
a
water
solubility
of
2.93
mg/
l
and
a
log
Kow
of
4.66,
the
Koc
of
n­
heptane
has
been
calculated
to
range
from
2400
to
8100
from
various
regression­
derived
equations.
These
Koc
values
indicate
n­
heptane
will
be
slightly
mobile
to
immobile
in
soils.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
photolysis
or
hydrolysis
of
n­
heptane
in
aquatic
systems
is
not
expected
to
be
important.
The
biodegradation
of
n­
heptane
may
occur
in
aquatic
environments;
however,
volatilization
and
adsorption
are
expected
to
be
far
more
important
fate
processes.
The
log
bioconcentration
factor
(
log
BCF)
for
n­
heptane
has
been
estimated
to
range
from
2.53
to
3.31
suggesting
bioconcentrations
may
be
an
important
factor
in
aquatic
systems.
A
high
Koc
indicates
n­
heptane
may
strongly
absorb
to
carbon
and
may
partition
from
the
water
column
to
organic
matter
contained
in
sediments
and
suspended
solids.
An
estimated
Henry's
Law
constant
of
2.06
atm­
cu
m/
mole
at
25
deg
°
C
suggests
rapid
volatilization
of
n­
heptane
from
environmental
waters.
Based
on
this
Henry's
Law
constant,
the
volatilization
half­
life
from
a
model
river
has
been
estimated
to
be
2.9
hr.
The
volatilization
half­
life
from
an
model
pond,
which
considers
the
effect
of
adsorption,
can
be
estimated
to
be
about
13
days.
Page
54
Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
n­
heptane
is
expected
to
exist
entirely
in
the
vapor
phase
in
ambient
air
based
on
a
vapor
pressure
of
45.8
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C.
Direct
photolysis
of
n­
heptane
in
the
atmosphere
is
not
expected
to
be
important.
However,
vapor
phase
reactions
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
in
the
atmosphere
have
been
shown
to
be
important.
The
rate
constant
for
n­
heptane
was
measured
to
be
7.18X10­
12
cu
cm/
molecule­
sec
at
26
deg
°
C
which
corresponds
to
an
atmospheric
half­
life
of
about
2.2
days
at
an
atmospheric
concentration
of
5X10+
5
hydroxyl
radicals
per
cu
cm.
Experimental
data
showed
that
30.9%
of
the
n­
heptane
fraction
in
a
dark
chamber
reacted
with
NO
3
to
form
the
corresponding
alkyl
nitrate,
suggesting
nighttime
reactions
with
nitrate
radicals
may
contribute
to
the
atmospheric
transformation
of
n­
heptane,
especially
in
urban
environments.
Page
55
Toxicological
Profile
of
Heptane
CAS
#:
142­
82­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
98.4
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
3
ug/
ml
in
water
@
20
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
alcohol;
>
10%
in
acetone,
ether,
and
chloroform.
OSHA
PEL:
500
ppm;
2000
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Form
­
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Hazardous
Substance
Database:

NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
156
Solubility
­
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
674
Weast,
R.
C.
and
M.
J.
Astle.
CRC
Handbook
of
Data
on
Organic
Compounds.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.
1985.
V1
682
Snyder,
R.
(
ed.)
Ethyl
Browning's
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
2nd
ed.
Volume
1:
Hydrocarbons.
Amsterdam
­
New
York
­
Oxford:
Elsevier,
Page
56
1987.,
p.
297
Verschueren,
K.
Handbook
of
Environmental
Data
of
Organic
Chemicals.
2nd
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1983.,
p.
709
Mackay
D,
Shiu
WY;
J
Phys
Chem
Ref
Data
19:
1175­
99
(
1981)

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
or
repeated
exposure
can
result
in
skin
irritation
due
to
defatting
of
the
skin.
In
chronic
rat
assays,
there
may
be
a
significant
increase
in
serum
alkaline
phosphatase
levels
in
female
rats
exposed
to
3000
ppm
n­
heptane,
but
serum
glutamine
pyruvic
transaminase
(
SPGT)
levels
were
normal.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Snyder,
R.
(
ed.)
Ethyl
Browning's
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
2nd
ed.
Volume
1:
Hydrocarbons.
Amsterdam
­
New
York
­
Oxford:
Elsevier,
1987.,
p.
302
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
acetone
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
lack
of
data
concerning
carcinogenicity
in
humans
or
animals.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
None.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:
Page
57
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
heptane
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
58
Fate
Data
of
Hydrogen
Sulfate
Sodium
Salt
CAS
#:
1847­
55­
8
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
59
Toxicological
Profile
of
Hydrogen
Sulfate
Sodium
Salt
CAS
#:
1847­
55­
8
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
102
deg
°
C
Form:
Orange
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
20
deg
°
C
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Chronic
Toxicity
There
are
no
known
chronic
effects
associated
with
this
chemical.

No
known
chronic
effects
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
60
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
61
Fate
Profile
for
Isobutyl
Alcohol
CAS
#:
78­
83­
1
Overview
Isobutyl
alcohol
will
enter
the
environment
as
emissions
from
its
manufacture
and
use
as
a
solvent
and
release
in
fermentation.
It
naturally
occurs
as
a
plant
volatile
and
is
released
during
the
microbial
degradation
of
animal
wastes.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
isobutyl
alcohol
will
both
evaporate
and
leach
into
the
ground
due
to
its
relatively
high
vapor
pressure
and
low
adsorption
to
soil.
Isobutyl
alcohol
has
a
very
low
log
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient
(
0.76)
and
therefore
would
not
be
expected
to
significantly
adsorb
to
soil.
Although
it
readily
degrades
in
laboratory
tests,
its
degradation
in
soil
has
not
been
determined.
If
degradation
is
not
rapid,
it
is
apt
to
leach
into
ground
water.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
isobutyl
alcohol
will
volatilize
(
half­
life
in
a
river
approximately
4
days)
and
biodegrade.
Although
it
is
readily
degradable
in
laboratory
tests
and
is
reported
to
degrade
in
natural
waters,
no
data
on
its
rate
of
degradation
in
surface
waters
could
be
found.
Its
degradation
in
ground
water
is
unknown.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
isobutyl
alcohol
will
photodegrade
with
a
half­
life
ranging
from
hours
in
polluted
urban
atmospheres,
to
days
in
cleaner
atmospheres.
Page
62
Toxicological
Profile
of
Isobutyl
Alcohol
CAS
#:
78­
83­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
108
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Soluble
in
about
20
parts
water;
miscible
in
alcohol
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm;
300
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Browning,
E.
Toxicity
and
Metabolism
of
Industrial
Solvents.
New
York:
American
Elsevier,
1965.,
p.
348
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
176
Solubility
­

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;
Page
63
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
from
repeated
inhalations
of
isobutyl
alcohol
cause
no
significant
injury.
No
adverse
effects
found
besides
slight
skin
irritation.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
3E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
64
Fate
Data
of
Silicon
Dioxide
CAS
#:
7631­
86­
9
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
65
Toxicological
Profile
of
Silicon
Dioxide
(
Silica)
CAS
#:
7631­
86­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
2230.05
deg
 
C
Form:
Transparent
crystals
or
amorphous
powder;
Transparent
to
gray
powder.
Solubility:
Soluble
in
hot
potassium
hydroxide
and
hot
sodium
hydroxide
solutions.
Insoluble
in
ethanol;
practically
insoluble
in
water
or
acids,
except
hydrofluoric
acid;
very
slightly
sol
in
alkali.
OSHA
PEL:
0.05
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Daubert,
T.
E.,
R.
P.
Danner.
Physical
and
Thermodynamic
Properties
of
Pure
Chemicals
Data
Compilation.
Washington,
D.
C.:
Taylor
and
Francis,
1989.

Form
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1346
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
276
Solubility
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
1346
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
73rd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.,
1992­
1993.
4­
95
Hartley,
D.
and
H.
Kidd
(
eds.).
The
Agrochemicals
Handbook.
2nd
ed.
Lechworth,
Herts,
England:
The
Royal
Society
of
Chemistry,
1987.
Page
66
OSHA
PEL:

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
osha­
slc.
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Silicon
dioxide
is
chemically
&
biologically
inert
when
ingested
in
any
of
its
many
physical
forms,
such
as
crystalline
quartz,
amorphous
siliceous
earth
(
diatomaceous
earth,
diatomite,
kieselguhr)
or
colloidal
silica
gels.
The
chronic
inhalation
of
certain
samples
of
crystalline
quartz,
however,
may
cause
a
progressive
pneumoconiosis
commonly
known
as
silicosis.
The
planar
arrangement
of
silica
also
determines
its
toxic
effect
to
some
extent.
Quartz
is
the
most
stable
and
common
crystalline
form
of
silica.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Gosselin,
R.
E.,
R.
P.
Smith,
H.
C.
Hodge.
Clinical
Toxicology
of
Commercial
Products.
5th
ed.
Baltimore:
Williams
and
Wilkins,
1984.
II­
95
Casarett,
L.
J.,
and
J.
Doull.
Toxicology:
The
Basic
Science
of
Poisons.
New
York:
MacMillan
Publishing
Co.,
1975.,
p.
214
Carcinogenicity
According
to
the
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists
(
ACGIH)
Silica
­
quartz
is
considered
to
be
an
animal
carcinogen
(
A3)
but
other
types
of
silica
are
considered
to
be
not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
67
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
High
Concern
for
quartz
but
Low
Concern
for
all
other
types
of
silica.
OSHA
rating:
Silica
­
quartz
is
considered
to
be
an
animal
carcinogen
(
A3)
but
other
types
of
silica
are
considered
to
be
not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
ACGIH).

Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
68
Fate
Profile
for
n­
Butanol
CAS
#:
71­
36­
3
Overview
Release
of
n­
butanol
to
the
environment
is
expected
to
result
from
its
use
as
a
solvent
in
a
variety
of
products.
It
may
also
be
released
by
the
action
of
anaerobic
microorganisms.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
n­
butanol
may
result
in
volatilization
from
the
soil
surface
and
biodegradation
is
expected
to
be
significant.
n­
Butanol
should
not
bind
strongly
to
soil
and
so
is
expected
to
leach
into
groundwater.
A
Koc
of
71.6
suggests
that
n­
butanol
will
be
moderately
to
highly
mobile
in
the
soil.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
n­
butanol
is
expected
to
biodegrade.
Volatilization
from
the
water
surface
is
expected
to
occur
with
estimated
half­
lives
of
2.4
hr,
3.9
hr
and
125.9
days
in
streams,
rivers
and
lakes.
The
actual
tendency
of
n­
butanol
to
volatilize
depends
upon
the
temperature,
turbulence,
wind
speed,
current
velocity
and
the
depth
of
the
water
bodies.
n­
Butanol
is
not
expected
to
bind
strongly
to
suspended
sediments.
Bioconcentration
is
not
expected
to
be
significant.

The
rates
of
volatilization
from
lakes,
rivers
and
streams
have
been
estimated
to
be
2.4
hr,
3.9
hr,
and
3022.5
hr
(
125.9
days)
based
on
current
velocities
of
0.01,
1
and
2
m/
sec,
respectively.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
to
the
atmosphere,
the
half­
life
of
n­
butanol
in
a
sunlit
urban
atmosphere
was
estimated
to
be
5
hr.
The
half­
life
for
the
reaction
of
vapor
phase
n­
butanol
in
the
atmosphere
with
photochemically
generated
hydroxyl
radicals
is
estimated
to
be
2.30
days.
Page
69
Toxicological
Profile
of
2­
Butanol
CAS
#:
71­
36­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
117.2
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
9.1
ml/
100
ml
of
water
at
25
deg
 
C;
miscible
with
many
organic
solvents;
>
10%
in
benzene,
ether,
ethanol
or
acetone.
OSHA
PEL:
Ceiling
value
of
50
ppm
(
150
mg/
cu
m)

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Weast,
R.
C.
and
M.
J.
Astle.
CRC
Handbook
of
Data
on
Organic
Compounds.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.
1985.
V1
347
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
214
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
38
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
214
Weast,
R.
C.
and
M.
J.
Astle.
CRC
Handbook
of
Data
on
Organic
Compounds.
Volumes
I
and
II.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press
Inc.
1985.
V1
347
Mackison,
F.
W.,
R.
S.
Stricoff,
and
L.
J.
Partridge,
Jr.
(
eds.).
NIOSH/
OSHA
­
Occupational
Health
Guidelines
for
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS(
NIOSH)
Publication,
p.
2
No.
81­
123
(
3
VOLS).
Washington,
DC:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
Jan.
1981
Page
70
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
to
butyl
alcohols
have
produced
few
cases
of
poisoning
in
industry
because
of
their
low
volatility.
The
metabolic
products
of
n­
butanol
are
not
a
major
cause
of
toxicity.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Sax,
N.
I.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
6th
ed.
New
York,
NY:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
1984.,
p.
564
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
acetone
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
Based
on
lack
of
data
concerning
carcinogenicity
in
humans
or
animals.
Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
None.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
2­
butanol
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System,
August
15,
1994
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
71
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
72
Fate
Data
of
VM&
P
Naphtha
(
Ligroine)
CAS
#:
8032­
32­
4
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
73
Toxicological
Profile
of
VM&
P
Naphtha
(
Ligroine)
CAS
#:
8032­
32­
4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
120
­
135
deg
C
(
Ligroine)
Form:
Clear,
colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Negligible
(<
0.1%)
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
300
ppm;
1350
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets
with
the
following
internet
addresses:

http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom
http://
www.
goper.
mq.
edu.
au:
70
Data
is
also
found
in
KR
ScienceBase
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation
and
possible
central
nervous
system
(
CNS)
depression.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:
Page
74
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets
with
the
following
internet
addresses:

http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom
http://
www.
goper.
mq.
edu.
au:
70
KR
ScienceBase
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Structure
Activity
Team
Report
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
No
data
Page
75
Fate
Data
of
Calcium
Carbonate
CAS
#:
471­
34­
1
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
76
Toxicological
Profile
of
Calcium
Carbonate
CAS
#:
471­
34­
1
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
800
deg
°
C
Form:
Fine,
white,
microcrystalline
powder
Solubility:
Practically
insoluble
in
water
at
20
deg
°
C;
soluble
in
diluted
acids
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Data
were
found
in
the
following
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
calcium
carbonate
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:
Osol,
A.
and
J.
E.
Hoover,
et
al.
(
eds.).
Remington's
Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
15th
ed.
Easton,
Pennsylvania:
Mack
Publishing
Co.,
1975.,
p.
733
The
Merck
Index.
9th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
&
Co.,
Inc.,
1976.,
p.
210
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:
Osol,
A.
and
J.
E.
Hoover,
et
al.
(
eds.).
Remington's
Pharmaceutical
Sciences.
15th
ed.
Easton,
Pennsylvania:
Mack
Publishing
Co.,
1975.,
p.
733
The
Merck
Index.
9th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
&
Co.,
Inc.,
1976.,
p.
210
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation.
No
other
chronic
health
effects
have
been
identified
concerning
this
chemical.

The
above
data
may
be
found
in
the
followin
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet:
calcium
carbonate
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
77
No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
78
Fate
Profile
for
n­
Butyl
Acetate
CAS
#:
123­
86­
4
Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
n­
butyl
acetate
may
be
susceptible
to
significant
biodegradation
based
on
its
demonstrated
biodegradability
with
a
screening
test
using
a
natural
river­
water
seed
suggests
that
microbial
decomposition
in
soil
may
occur.
Chemical
hydrolysis
in
moist
alkaline
soils
(
pH
approaching
9
or
higher)
is
expected
to
be
important,
but
not
in
neutral
or
acidic
soils.
n­
Butyl
acetate
may
be
subject
to
moderate­
to­
high
leaching
based
on
estimated
Koc
values
of
34
and
233.
Volatilization
from
dry
soil
surfaces
is
likely
to
be
rapid.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
biodegradation
is
expected
to
be
the
important
removal
mechanism.
BOD
studies
using
either
a
sewage
inoculum
or
a
natural
river­
water
inoculum
have
demonstrated
that
n­
butyl
acetate
is
significantly
biodegradable.
The
Henry's
Law
constant
for
n­
butyl
acetate
at
25
deg
°
C
is
about
3.2X10­
4
atm­
cu
m/
mole;
this
value
suggests
that
volatilization
is
probably
significant
from
environmental
bodies
of
water.
The
volatilization
half­
life
from
a
river
one
meter
deep
flowing
1
m/
sec
with
a
wind
velocity
of
3
m/
sec
has
been
estimated
to
be
6.1
hours
hours;
the
volatilization
half­
life
from
a
similar
river
10
m
deep
has
been
estimated
to
be
7.4
days.
The
hydrolysis
half­
lives
of
n­
butyl
acetate
at
pHs
7.0,
8.0,
and
9.0
are
about
3.1
years,
114
days
and
11.4
days,
respectively,
at
20
deg
°
C
indicating
that
hydrolysis
will
be
important
only
in
very
alkaline
environmental
waters.
Aquatic
adsorption
and
bioconcentration
are
not
expected
to
be
significant.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
n­
butyl
acetate
will
exist
almost
entirely
in
the
vapor­
phase
in
the
ambient
atmosphere.
The
dominant
removal
mechanism
in
the
atmosphere
will
be
the
vapor­
phase
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
which
has
an
estimated
half­
life
of
about
6
days
in
an
average
atmosphere
indicating
that
this
reaction
will
be
the
dominant
removal
mechanism.
Page
79
Toxicological
Profile
of
N­
butyl
Acetate
CAS
#:
123­
86­
4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
125­
126
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
In
water
­
14,000
mg/
L
at
20
deg
 
C;
5,000
mg/
L
at
25
deg
 
C;
soluble
in
most
hydrocarbons;
soluble
in
alcohol,
ether,
acetone,
&
benzene.
OSHA
PEL:
150
ppm;
710
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source:
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Evidence
of
chronic
systemic
toxicity
is
inconclusive.
Prolonged
overexposure
may
produce
irritation
of
the
skin.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.
Page
80
Carcinogenicity
Notice
of
Intended
Change:
The
ACGIH
has
listed
chemicals
for
which
a
limit
has
been
proposed
for
the
first
time,
or
for
which
a
change
in
the
"
Adopted"
listing
has
been
proposed.
The
proposed
limits
should
be
considered
trial
limits
that
will
remain
in
the
listing
for
a
period
of
at
least
two
years.
If,
after
two
years
no
evidence
comes
to
light
that
questions
the
appropriateness
of
the
values
herein,
the
values
will
be
reconsidered
for
the
"
Adopted"
list.
Nbutyl
acetate
is
now
considered
to
be
a
part
of
Group
A4.
A4=
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
Classifiable
as
a
Human
Carcinogen
Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
81
Fate
Profile
for
Ethyl
Benzene
CAS
#:
100­
41­
4
Overview
Ethylbenzene
will
enter
the
atmosphere
primarily
from
fugitive
emissions
and
exhaust
connected
with
its
use
in
gasoline.
More
localized
sources
will
be
emissions,
waste
water
and
spills
from
its
production
and
industrial
use.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
onto
soil,
part
of
the
ethylbenzene
will
evaporate
into
the
atmosphere.
It
has
a
moderate
adsorption
and
will
significantly
hydrolyze
in
soil.
Its
vapor
pressure
of
9.53
mm
Hg
at
25
deg
°
C
suggest
that
ethylbenzene
may
evaporate
fairly
rapidly
from
soil.
While
there
are
no
direct
data
concerning
its
biodegradability
in
soil,
it
is
likely
that
it
may
biodegrade
slowly
after
acclimation
of
ambient
microorganisms.
It
will
not
hyrolyze
in
soil
or
groundwater.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
into
water,
ethylbenzene
will
evaporate
fairly
rapidly
into
the
atmosphere
with
a
half­
life
ranging
from
hrs
to
a
few
weeks.
Biodegradation
will
also
be
rapid
(
half­
life
2
days)
after
a
population
of
microorganisms
capable
of
degrading
toluene
becomes
established
which
will
depend
on
the
particular
body
of
water
and
the
temperature.
Some
ethylbenzene
will
be
adsorbed
by
the
sediment
but
significant
bioconcentration
in
fish
is
not
expected
to
occur
based
upon
its
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient.
There
is
evidence
that
ethylbenzene
slowly
biodegrades
in
groundwater.
It
will
not
significantly
photolyze
or
hydrolyze.
Releases
into
water
will
decrease
in
concn
by
evaporation
and
biodegradation.
The
time
for
this
decrease
and
the
primary
loss
processes
will
depend
on
the
season,
and
the
turbulence
and
microbial
populations
in
the
particular
body
of
water.
Representative
half­
lives
are
several
days
to
2
weeks.

Ethylbenzene
has
a
Henry's
Law
constant
of
8.44X10­
3
atm
cu
m/
mole
at
25
deg
°
C
and
will
evaporate
rapidly
from
water;
a
half­
life
for
evaporation
from
water
with
1
m/
sec
current,
3
m/
sec
wind,
and
1
m
depth
is
3.1
hr.
In
a
mesocosm
experiment
using
simulated
conditions
for
Narragansett
Bay,
MA,
and
seasonal
conditions,
the
loss
of
ethylbenzene
was
primarily
by
evaporation
in
winter
(
t1/
2
13
days).
Page
82
Fate
in
Air
If
ethylbenzene
is
released
to
the
atmosphere,
it
will
exist
predominantly
in
the
vapor
phase
based
on
its
vapor
pressure.
It
will
be
removed
from
the
atmosphere
principally
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
(
half­
life,
0.5
hr
to
days)
and
partially
return
to
earth
in
rain.
It
will
not
be
expected
to
directly
photolyze.
Page
83
Toxicological
Profile
of
Ethyl
Benzene
CAS
#:
100­
41­
4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
136.2
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Solubility
in
water
@
15
deg
 
C,
0.014
g/
100
ml;
sol
in
all
proportions
in
ethyl
alcohol
and
ethyl
ether;
miscible
with
usual
organic
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm;
435
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substances
Database:
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
72nd
ed.
Boca
Raton,
FL:
CRC
Press,
1991­
1992.
3­
239
Form
­
Hazardous
Substances
Database:
Sax,
N.
I.
and
R.
J.
Lewis,
Sr.
(
eds.).
Hawley's
Condensed
Chemical
Dictionary.
11th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold
Co.,
1987.,
p.
479
NIOSH.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
DHHS
(
NIOSH)
Publication
No.
94­
116.
Washington,
D.
C.:
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office,
June
1994.,
p.
132
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substances
Database:

International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Vols.
I&
II.
Geneva,
Switzerland:
International
Labour
Office,
1983.,
p.
2114
Patty,
F.
(
ed.).
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
II:
Toxicology.
2nd
ed.
New
York:
Interscience
Publishers,
1963.,
p.
1223
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
The
Merck
Index
­
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs
and
Biologicals.
Rahway,
NJ:
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.,
1989.,
p.
595
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Page
84
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
exposure
in
humans
may
cause
fatigue,
sleepiness,
headache,
and
irritation
of
the
eyes
and
respiratory
tract.
Prolonged
exposure
to
vapors
may
result
in
functional
disorders,
increase
in
deep
reflexes,
hematological
disorders
(
leukopenia
and
lymphocytosis,
in
particular)
and
hepatobiliary
complaints.

Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
sources
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

International
Labour
Office.
Encyclopedia
of
Occupational
Health
and
Safety.
Vols.
I&
II.
Geneva,
Switzerland:
International
Labour
Office,
1983.,
p.
2114
Carcinogenicity
Based
on
the
Iris
database,
ethyl
benzene
has
a
D
classification
(
not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity).

Basis
for
classification:
Chemical
is
non­
classifiable
due
to
lack
of
animal
bioassays
and
human
studies.

Human
carcinogenicity
data:
None.
Animal
carcinogenicity
data:
None.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Integrated
Risk
Information
System
(
IRIS)
on
ethyl
benzene
(
100­
41­
4)
from
the
National
Library
of
Medicine's
TOXNET
System
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
Established
Page
85
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
Established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
1E­
01
I
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2.86
E­
01
I
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
Not
Established
Page
86
Fate
Profile
for
Xylene
CAS
#:
1330­
20­
7
Overview
Xylenes
will
enter
the
atmosphere
primarily
from
fugitive
emissions
and
exhaust
connected
with
their
use
in
gasoline.
Industrial
sources
include
emissions
from
petroleum
refining
and
their
use
as
solvents
and
chemical
intermediates.
Discharges
and
spills
on
land
and
waterways
result
from
their
use
in
diesel
fuel
and
gasoline,
and
storage
and
transport
of
petroleum
products.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
most
of
the
xylenes
may
photochemically
degrade
by
reaction
with
hydroxyl
radicals
(
half­
life
1­
18
hr).
The
dominant
removal
process
in
water
is
volatilization.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
xylenes
are
moderately
mobile
in
soil
and
may
leach
into
groundwater
where
they
are
known
to
persist
for
several
years,
despite
some
evidence
that
they
biodegrade
in
both
soil
and
groundwater.
The
extent
of
the
degradation
will
undoubtedly
depend
on
their
concentration,
residence
time
in
the
soil,
the
nature
of
the
soil,
and
whether
resident
microbial
populations
have
been
acclimated.
Bioconcentration
is
not
expected
to
be
significant.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
xylenes
biodegrade
and
have
been
observed
to
degrade
in
seawater.
There
is
insufficient
data
to
access
the
rate
of
this
process
in
surface
waters.
Although
they
have
been
observed
to
degrade
in
groundwater
in
one
study,
they
are
known
to
persist
for
many
years
in
groundwater
at
least
at
sites
where
the
concentration
might
have
been
quite
high.
Page
87
Toxicological
Profile
of
Xylene
CAS
#:
1330­
20­
7
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
139.3
deg
 
C
Form:
Clear
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
soluble
in
acetone,
benzene,
alcohol,
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm;
435
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
sections
may
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1448
Form
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
6370
Solubility
­
From
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1448
OSHA
PEL
­

American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
osha­
slc.
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]
Page
88
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
in
rats
may
cause
an
inhibition
of
the
phagocytic
activity
of
leukocytes.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3298
Carcinogenicity
IARC
states
that
there
is
inadequate
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
xylene
in
humans.
There
is
inadequate
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
xylene
in
experimental
animals.

Overall
evaluation:
Xylene
is
not
classifiable
as
to
its
carcinogenicity
to
humans
(
Group
3).

Data
from
the
above
sections
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
V42
207
(
1987)

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2H
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2E­
01
W
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
lack
of
chronic
data)
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
Page
89
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
Xylene)
Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
90
Fate
Profile
for
m­
Xylene
CAS
#:
108­
38­
3
m­
Xylene
will
enter
the
atmosphere
primarily
from
fuel
emissions
and
exhausts
linked
with
its
use
in
gasoline.
Industrial
sources
include
emissions
from
petroleum
refining
and
its
use
as
a
solvent
and
chemical
intermediate.
The
primary
source
of
exposure
is
from
air,
especially
in
areas
with
high
(
vehicular)
traffic.
Discharges
and
spills
on
land
and
waterways
result
from
its
use
in
diesel
fuel
and
gasoline
and
the
storage
and
transport
of
petroleum
products.

Fate
in
Soil
If
released
to
soil,
m­
xylene
will
volatilize
and
leach
into
the
ground
and
may
be
degraded
during
its
passage
through
soil.
The
extent
of
the
degradation
will
depend
on
its
concentration,
residence
time
in
the
soil,
the
nature
of
the
soil,
and
whether
resident
microbial
populations
have
been
acclimated.
Some
adsorption
to
sediment
will
occur.
Although
it
has
been
observed
to
degrade
in
groundwater
in
one
study,
it
is
known
to
persist
for
many
years
in
groundwater,
at
least
at
sites
where
the
concentration
might
have
been
quite
high.
Bioconcentration
is
not
expected
to
be
significant.

Fate
in
Water
If
released
to
water,
volatilization
appears
to
be
the
dominant
removal
process
(
half­
life
1­
5.5
days).
Using
the
Henry's
law
constant
=
0.314,
the
half­
life
for
evaporation
of
m­
xylene
from
water
with
a
wind
speed
of
3
m/
sec,
a
current
of
1
m/
sec,
and
a
depth
of
1
m
is
calculated
to
be
3.1
hr.
An
experiment
which
measured
the
rate
of
evaporation
of
m­
and
p­
xylene
from
a
1:
1000
jet
fuel:
water
mixture
found
that
it
averaged
0.64
times
the
oxygen
reaeration
rate.
Combining
this
ratio
with
the
oxygen
rearation
rates
of
typical
bodies
of
water,
one
estimates
that
the
half­
life
for
evaporation
from
a
typical
river
and
pond
is
27
and
135
hr,
respectively.

Fate
in
Air
If
released
into
the
atmosphere,
m­
xylene
may
degrade
by
reaction
with
photochemically
produced
hydroxyl
radicals
(
half­
life
1.0
hr
in
summer
and
10
hr
in
winter).
However,
ambient
levels
are
detected
because
of
large
emissions.
Page
91
Toxicological
Profile
of
M­
xylene
CAS
#:
108­
38­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
139.3
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water;
soluble
in
acetone,
benzene,
alcohol,
and
ether.
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm;
435
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
Point
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1448
Form
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices.
5th
ed.
Cincinnati,
OH:,
p.
6370
Solubility
­
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

The
Merck
Index.
10th
ed.
Rahway,
New
Jersey:
Merck
Co.,
Inc.,
1983.,
p.
1448
OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Government
Industrial
hygenists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinatti,
OH:
ACGIH
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov.
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
Table_
Z­
1.
html]
Page
92
Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
in
rats
may
cause
an
inhibition
of
the
phagocytic
activity
of
leukocytes.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source
within
the
Hazardous
Substance
Database:

Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton
(
eds.).
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology:
Volume
2A,
2B,
2C:
Toxicology.
3rd
ed.
New
York:
John
Wiley
Sons,
1981­
1982.,
p.
3298
Carcinogenicity
IARC
states
that
there
is
inadequate
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
xylene
in
humans.
There
is
inadequate
evidence
for
the
carcinogenicity
of
xylene
in
experimental
animals.

Overall
evaluation:
Xylene
is
not
classifiable
as
to
its
carcinogenicity
to
humans
(
Group
3).

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

IARC.
Monographs
on
the
Evaluation
of
the
Carcinogenic
Risk
of
Chemicals
to
Man.
Geneva:
World
Health
Organization,
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer,
47
146
(
1989)

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2H
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
2E­
01
W
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
be
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
sitehttp
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm
Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
lack
of
chronic
data)
Page
93
Carcinogenicity:
Not
classifiable
as
to
human
carcinogenicity
OSHA
rating:
A4:
Not
classifiable
as
a
human
carcinogen
(
Xylene)

Data
regarding
the
OSHA
rating
may
be
found
in
the
following
source:
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH
Page
94
Fate
Data
of
Nonylphenol
Surfactant
CAS
#:
68412­
54­
4
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
95
Toxicological
Profile
of
Nonylphenol
Surfactant
CAS
#:
68412­
54­
4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
Unknown
Melting
Point:
­
13
deg
°
C
Form:
Clear,
light
colored
liquid
Solubility:
Dispersible
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
Buffalo
Wax
Remover
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Chronic
Toxicity
There
are
no
known
chronic
effects
associated
with
this
chemical.

No
known
chronic
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
96
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
97
Fate
Data
of
Isobutyl
Isobutyrate
CAS
#:
97­
85­
8
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
98
Toxicological
Profile
of
Isobutyl
Isobutyrate
CAS
#:
97­
85­
8
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
147
deg
 
C
Form:
Colorless
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
Isobutyl
Isobutyrate,
3499000
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
dermal
irritation.

Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
Isobutyl
Isobutyrate,
3499000
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom
Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
99
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
100
Fate
Data
of
Gum
Arabic
(
Acacia)
CAS
#:
9000­
01­
5
Acacia
is
the
dried
gummy
exudation
from
the
stems
and
branches
of
the
Acacia
senegal.
The
gums
from
Acacia
verek
from
the
plantations
in
the
Kordofan
province
(
Sudan)
is
considered
the
best
commercial
variety.
Grades
of
Kordofan
gum
which
are
clear,
white
(
sun
bleached)
and
tasteless
are
preferred
for
food
preparations
and
pharmaceuticals.
Also
used
in
mucilage,
tables,
emulsifiers,
candy
and
other
foods
as
a
colloidal
stabilizer.

No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
101
Toxicological
Profile
of
Gum
Arabic
(
Acacia)
CAS
#:
9000­
01­
5
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
No
data
Form:
Spheroidal
tears
up
to
32
mm
in
diameter;
also
flakes
and
powder;
colorless
or
has
a
yellowish­
brownish
hue.
Solubility:
Readily
soluble
in
water;
insoluble
in
most
organic
solvents.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established.

The
data
for
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source
for
both
form
and
solubility:
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989
Chronic
Toxicity
No
chronic
health
concerns
have
been
identified
concerning
this
chemical.
This
material
is
used
in
food
preparations
and
in
pharmaceuticals.

The
data
for
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

The
Merck
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989;

Doull,
John,
M.
D.,
Ph.
D.,
et
al.
1980.
Casarett
and
Doull's
Toxicology,
The
Basic
Science
of
Poisons
(
second
edition).
Macmillan
Publishing
Co.,
Inc.;

The
Merck
Index
Online(
SM).
1997
Merck
&
Co.,
Inc.,
and;

The
KR
ScienceBase.
A
database
found
through
Dialog.

Carcinogenicity
According
to
NTP,
there
is
no
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
in
the
mouse
or
rat.
Page
102
The
data
for
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
source:

The
KR
ScienceBase.
A
database
found
through
Dialog.

The
Merck
Index
Online(
SM).
1997
Merck
&
Co.,
Inc
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
103
Fate
Data
of
Stoddard
Solvent
CAS
#:
8052­
41­
3
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
104
Toxicological
Profile
of
Stoddard
Solvent
CAS
#:
8052­
41­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
149­
182
deg
 
C
Form:
Clear
liquid
Solubility:
Negligible
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
500
ppm;
2900
mg/
cu
m
The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
DAP
­­
50903
Woodlife
F
Clear
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
defatting
of
the
skin
and
mucous
membranes.

The
data
from
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:

Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Structure
Activity
Team
Report.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
105
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
106
Fate
Data
of
Petroleum
Mineral
Oil
CAS
#:
64742­
06­
9
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
107
Toxicological
Profile
of
Petroleum
Mineral
Oil
CAS
#:
64742­
06­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
500
deg
°
F
Form:
Clear
amber
liquid
Solubility:
No
data
OSHA
PEL:
5
mg/
cu
m
Data
from
the
above
section
can
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
and
Form
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
American
Grease
Stick
­­
827­
2529
Cutting
and
Grinding
oil
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
osha­
slc.
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
cause
dermal
irritation.

Data
for
the
above
section
were
found
in
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.
Page
108
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
No
data
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
No
data
Page
109
Fate
Data
of
Petroleum
Distillate
CAS
#:
8002­
05­
9
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
110
Toxicological
Profile
of
Petroleum
Distillate
CAS
#:
8002­
05­
9
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
157
deg
°
C
Form:
Clear,
light
yellow
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
500
ppm
(
2000
mg/
cu
m)

The
data
for
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
No
chronic
health
concerns
have
been
identified
concerning
this
chemical.

Data
Source:
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Structure
Activity
Team
Report.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.
Page
111
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
112
Fate
Data
of
non­
Phenolic
Ethoxylates
CAS
#:
26027­
38­
3
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
113
Toxicological
Profile
of
non­
Phenol
Ethoxylates
(
Glycols,
polyethylene,
mono(
p­
nonylphenyl)
ether)/
(
Nonoxynol)
CAS
#:
26027­
38­
3
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
250
deg
 
C
Form:
Lower
adducts
(
n
<
15)
are
yellow
to
almost
colorless
liquids;
higher
adducts
(
n
>
20)
are
pale
yellow
to
off­
white
pastes
or
waxes.
[
n
=
number
of
ethyl
oxide
units]
Solubility:
Lower
adducts
(
n
<
6)
are
soluble
in
oil;
higher
ones
are
soluble
in
water.
OSHA
PEL:
Not
established
Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source:
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Chronic
Toxicity
No
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
effects
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
This
material
is
used
in
detergents,
emulsifiers,
defoaming
agents,
spermaticide,
and
pharmaceutical
aids
(
surfactants).

Sources:

No
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
of
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

The
data
for
the
above
uses
were
found
in
The
Merk
Index:
An
Encyclopedia
of
Chemicals,
Drugs,
and
Biologicals.
Eleventh
edition.
Merk
&
Co.
1989.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.
Page
114
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
uses)
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
115
Fate
Data
of
Solvent
Naphta
CAS
#:
64742­
95­
6
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
116
Toxicological
Profile
of
Solvent
Naphtha
CAS
#:
64742­
95­
6
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
158
deg
°
C
Form:
Liquid
Solubility:
Negligible
in
water
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm
Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
3M
Engine
Degreaser,
Part
No.
08965
­
Degreaser
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Chronic
Toxicity
Chronic
effects
may
include
defatting
of
the
skin.

The
data
in
the
above
section
were
found
in
the
following
source:
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
3M
Engine
Degreaser,
Part
No.
08965
­
Degreaser
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
hazcom]

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Page
117
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established
Page
118
Fate
Data
of
Methylcyclohexanone
CAS
#:
1331­
22­
2
No
data
regarding
the
fate,
mobility,
biodegradation,
or
bioconcentration
of
this
chemical
in
the
soil,
water
or
air
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.
Page
119
Toxicological
Profile
of
Methylcyclohexanone
CAS
#:
1331­
22­
2
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Boiling
Point:
160­
170
deg
 
C
Form:
Water­
white
to
pale
yellow
liquid
Solubility:
Insoluble
in
water,
soluble
in
ether
and
alcohol.
OSHA
PEL:
100
ppm
Data
from
the
above
section
may
be
found
in
the
following
sources:

Boiling
point,
Form
and
Solubility
were
found
in
the
same
source,
a
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
on
o­
methylcyclohexanone
[
Internet
Address
­
http://
www.
pdc.
cornell.
edu/
msds/
msdsdod/
a190]

OSHA
PEL
­
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists.
Threshold
Limit
Values
(
TLVs)
for
Chemical
Substances
and
Physical
Agents
and
Biological
Exposure
Indices
(
BEIs)
for
1995­
1996.
Cincinnati,
OH:
ACGIH,
and;

U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration.
CFR
1910.1000
Table
Z­
1
Limits
for
Air
Contaminants,
Table
Z­
2,
and
Table
Z­
3
Mineral
Dusts.
[
Internet
Address:
http://
www.
oshaslc
gov/
OshStd_
data/
1910.1000_
TABLE_
Z­
1.
html]

Chronic
Toxicity
There
are
no
known
chronic
effects
associated
with
this
chemical.

No
data
regarding
the
chronic
toxicity
of
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.

Carcinogenicity
No
data
regarding
the
carcinogenic
effects
in
humans
was
found
at
the
time
of
this
review.

No
data
regarding
this
material
were
found
in
any
of
the
sources
listed
on
the
reference
page.
Page
120
Risk­
Based
Concentrations
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Oral
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Carcinogenic
Potency
Slope
Inhalation
(
risk
per
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Oral
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Reference
Dose
Inhalation
(
mg/
kg/
day):
Not
established
Any
information
regarding
the
above
data
can
found
in
the
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency's
Region
III
Risk­
Based
Concentration
(
RBC)
Table.
[
Internet
site
­
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
reg3hwmd/
risk/
rbc971.
htm]

Toxicity
Concern
Chronic
Toxicity:
Low
Concern
Carcinogenicity:
Low
Concern
(
based
on
Chronic
Toxicity)
OSHA
rating:
Not
established