Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0548-0003
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2010-07-14T04:00Z

PART A OF THE SUPPORTING STATEMENT

Exhaust Emissions of Light-duty Vehicles in Metropolitan Detroit

OMB Control Number 2060-NEW

USEPA Agency Form Number 2363.01

May 27, 2010

Table of Contents

  TOC \h \z \t
"icr_head_xxx,3,icr_head_xxxx,4,icr_head_x,1,icr_head_xx,2"    HYPERLINK
\l "_Toc262804833"  1.0	IDENTIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION COLLECTION	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804833 \h  3  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804834"  1(a)	Title of the Information Collection
  PAGEREF _Toc262804834 \h  3  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804835"  1(b) Short Characterization/Abstract	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804835 \h  3  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804836"  2.0	NEED FOR AND USE OF THE COLLECTION	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804836 \h  4  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804837"  2(a) Need/Authority for the Collection	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804837 \h  4  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804838"  2(a)(3) Legislative Basis	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804838 \h  6  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804839"  2(b) Practical Utility/Users of the Data
  PAGEREF _Toc262804839 \h  6  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804840"  3.0	NONDUPLICATION, CONSULTATIONS, AND
OTHER COLLECTION CRITERIA	  PAGEREF _Toc262804840 \h  6  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804841"  3(a) Nonduplication	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804841 \h  6  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804842"  3(b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR
Submission to OMB	  PAGEREF _Toc262804842 \h  7  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804843"  3(c) Consultations	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804843 \h  7  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804844"  3(d) 	Effects of Less Frequent
Collection	  PAGEREF _Toc262804844 \h  7  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804845"  3(e) General Guidelines	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804845 \h  8  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804846"  3(f) Confidentiality	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804846 \h  8  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804847"  3(g) Sensitive Questions	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804847 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804848"  4.0	THE RESPONDENTS AND THE INFORMATION
REQUESTED	  PAGEREF _Toc262804848 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804849"  4(a) Respondents/NAICS Codes	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804849 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804850"  4(b) Information Requested	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804850 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804851"  4(b)(i) Data Items, Including
Recordkeeping Requirements	  PAGEREF _Toc262804851 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804852"  4(b)(ii) Respondent Activities-	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804852 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804853"  5.0	THE INFORMATION COLLECTED – AGENCY
ACTIVITIES, COLLECTION METHODOLOGY, AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804853 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804854"  5(a) Agency Activities	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804854 \h  10  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804855"  5(b) Collection Methodology and
Management	  PAGEREF _Toc262804855 \h  10  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804856"  5(c) Small Entity Flexibility	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804856 \h  11  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804857"  5(d) Collection Schedule	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804857 \h  11  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804858"  6.0	ESTIMATING THE BURDEN AND COST OF
THE COLLECTION	  PAGEREF _Toc262804858 \h  12  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804859"  6(a) Estimating Respondent Burden	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804859 \h  12  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804860"  6(b) Respondent Costs	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804860 \h  12  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804861"  6(b)(i) Labor Costs	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804861 \h  12  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804862"  6(b)(ii) Capital and Operations Costs	 
PAGEREF _Toc262804862 \h  12  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804863"  6(c) Agency Burden and Cost	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804863 \h  13  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804864"  6(c)(i) Agency Burden	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804864 \h  13  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804865"  6(c)(i)(1) Collection of Emissions Data	
 PAGEREF _Toc262804865 \h  13  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804866"  6(c)(ii) Agency Costs	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804866 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804867"  6(c)(ii)(1) Labor Costs	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804867 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804868"  6(c)(ii)(2) Capital and Operations Costs
  PAGEREF _Toc262804868 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804869"  6(d)	Estimating the Respondent Universe
and Total Burden	  PAGEREF _Toc262804869 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804870"  6(e)	Bottom-Line Burden Hours and Cost
Tables	  PAGEREF _Toc262804870 \h  16  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804871"  6(e)(i)	 Respondent Tally	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804871 \h  16  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804872"  6(e)(ii)	Agency Tally	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804872 \h  16  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804873"  6(g)(i) Burden Statement	  PAGEREF
_Toc262804873 \h  17  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804874"  APPENDIX A-1: Relevant Sections of
Statutes	  PAGEREF _Toc262804874 \h  19  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc262804875"  REFERENCES.	  PAGEREF _Toc262804875 \h 
22  

 

1.0	IDENTIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION COLLECTION

1(a)	Title of the Information Collection

The collection is entitled:

Exhaust Emissions of Light-duty Vehicles in Metropolitan Detroit

1(b) Short Characterization/Abstract

The EPA is initiating a systematic data collection designed to improve
the methods and tools used by the Agency to estimate exhaust emissions
as vehicles age.  Data to be collected include vehicle type, vehicle
characteristics, measurements of tailpipe exhaust emissions and
measurements of typical driving behavior.

One of the main issues in the study of vehicle emissions is the
difficulty in acquiring representative results. Major challenges include
the diversity of technology, the highly variable nature of emissions,
the complexity and expense of measurement, difficulty in acquiring and
retaining engines or vehicles, and the array of external variables that
influence emissions, ranging from temperature to driver behavior.  In
combination, these factors tend to limit the numbers of vehicles that
can be included in a given study.  Limited sample sizes in combination
with high variability make emissions data challenging to interpret.

The collection is a survey, to be conducted by the Office of
Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) in the Office of Air and Radiation
(OAR). This study will be designed to develop and test novel screening,
sampling and measurement procedures. These approaches promise to
substantially reduce the cost of exhaust emissions measurement as well
as to improve the accuracy of resulting estimates. 

An innovative feature of this project will be the use of roadside
remote-sensing measurements to construct a pool of vehicles from which
vehicles can be sampled for purposes of recruitment and measurement
using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) and portable
activity measurement systems (PAMS). The acquisition of remote-sensing
measurements for hydrocarbons, carbon-monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen
will provide an index of emissions for all vehicles prior to sampling
and recruitment for more intensive measurement. The index is expected to
facilitate recruitment of vehicles with an emphasis on rare
high-emitting vehicles, and provide a means to appropriately relate
measured vehicles to the overall fleet.

Research questions for the project include: (1) can remote-sensing be
used as a reliable index of emissions across the range of emissions? 
(2) is it feasible to measure start emissions using portable
instruments?, (3) can the emissions index used for recruitment also
serve as a means to estimate potential non-response bias? and (4) how do
numbers of vehicle starts differ between the work week and the weekend?

We plan to collect remote-sensing measurements on approximately 30,000
vehicles, and from this pool, to recruit approximately 250 vehicles for
measurement.  Tailpipe emissions will be measured over two days under
various driving conditions, and vehicle activity under typical
conditions over a period of three months.  Participation in the program
will be voluntary.  The target population for the project will include
light-duty cars and trucks certified to Tier 2 (Bin 5) or equivalent
LEV-II standards (LEV).  

The information collection will involve 850 respondents, requiring 1,213
hours to complete at a total cost to those respondents of $33,247. For
the agency, the collection will require 5,578 hours to complete at a
total cost of $641,809.

2.0	NEED FOR AND USE OF THE COLLECTION

2(a) Need/Authority for the Collection

In December of 2010 EPA publicly released the Motor Vehicle Emission
Simulator (MOVES), a software tool designed for use by parties such as
State and local air-pollution agencies in estimation of emissions
inventories for Clean Air Act compliance. Two important programs under
the CAA are the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the
Regional Haze Rule (RHR). In implementation of these programs, technical
support from EPA is important, particularly with respect to estimation
of emissions from passenger vehicles, because local agencies typically
lack the technical and financial resources to develop independent
inventories.

The MOVES model was developed with input from a committee convened under
the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA).  This group, the “MOVES
Review Workgroup” is composed of representatives of State agencies,
the automotive, petroleum and engine-manufacturing industries,
environmentalists and academics. Its charge was to review the MOVES
development process and make recommendations to a FACA standing
committee, the “Mobile-Source Technical Review Sub-Committee”
(MSTRS).  In October, 2009, one of the WorkGroup’s recommendations to
the Sub-Committee was that EPA “plan for long-term data collection”
to support the continued development, use and updating of MOVES. This
study is an initial effort to respond to this recommendation.

Passenger cars and trucks certified to Tier-2 emissions standards were
introduced to the U.S. market in 2004. Adoption of these standards
resulted in a large reductions in emissions of carbon monoxide (CO),
total hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.  For
example, the Tier-2 standards represent reductions of 70-90% in NOx
emissions relative to the previous Tier-1 standards (ending in
model-year 2000).

During the same time frame, vehicles certified to the “LEV-II”
emissions standards were introduced.  These “Low-Emitting Vehicle”
standards apply in California and those states that have adopted them in
lieu of the Federal Tier-2 standards.  As of model year 2010, over 90%
of all vehicle sold are certified to Tier-2/LEV-II standards. As of
calendar year 2010 approximately 25% of vehicle in the national fleet
will be composed of Tier-2/LEV-II vehicles.  Within ten years, the
majority of vehicles on the road will be Tier-2 vehicles. In various
ways, Tier 2 vehicles represent new technologies for fuel and emissions
control. For exhaust emissions Tier-2 vehicles incorporate dramatically
improved catalyst formulations for NOx control including complementary
refinement in the electronic controls that maintain peak efficiency.

Despite the prominent position of Tier 2 vehicles in the fleet, much
less data is available on them than we than on earlier technologies,
certified to Tier 1 or “National Low-Emitting Vehicle” (NLEV)
standards. In particular, we lack data on how Tier-2 vehicles will
behave in “real-world” conditions, as opposed to controlled
laboratory conditions.  Our current projections of their emissions
assume that that they will behave similarly to vehicles certified to
less stringent standards.  This point applies particularly to the
behavior of Tier-2 technologies as they age and experience wear in use. 

By laying the groundwork by developing innovative methods to capture
in-use emissions of Tier-2 vehicles, this study is designed to start
filling this gap. The goals and approaches for this project are
described in greater detail in Part B of this Supporting Statement.

2(a)(3) Legislative Basis

The legislative basis for this data collection is Section
103(a)(1)(2)(3) of the Clean Air Act, which requires the Administrator
to: “conduct ... research, investigations, experiments,
demonstrations, surveys, and studies relating to the causes, effects,
extent, prevention, and control of air pollution, ...” and
“cooperate with ... pollution control agencies and other appropriate
public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations, and
individuals in the conduct of such activities, ...” and “conduct
investigations and research and make surveys concerning any specific
problem of air pollution in cooperation with any air pollution control
agency ...”

In addition, Section 103(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act authorizes the
Administrator to: “collect and make available, through publications
and other appropriate means, the results of and other information,
including appropriate recommendations by him in connection therewith,
pertaining to such research and other activities.” The full text of
the relevant sections is provided in Appendix A.1. 

2(b) Practical Utility/Users of the Data 

The principal users of the data will be EPA technical staff, for
purposes of performing analyses designed to evaluate the projects
research goals. A primary goal is to evaluate the the use of a screening
measure to improve collection of represetative samples of vehicles, as
described in Part B.  In addition, analysis and evaluation of this
initial data set will enable evaluation of the cost and logisitics of
the design as proposed.  

3.0	NONDUPLICATION, CONSULTATIONS, AND OTHER COLLECTION CRITERIA

3(a) Nonduplication

In development of this collection, EPA has attempted to locate sources
of data that would partially or wholly duplicate the information to be
collected. No such duplication was found.  EPA searched published
literature for terms related to light-duty exhaust emissions
deterioration measurement.  No duplication of the data collection effort
was found.  To our knowledge, no other agency has a proven method to
identify and measure emissions from new technology vehicles over their
useful life.

3(b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR Submission to OMB

The initial announcement of the public comment period for the proposed
ICR was placed in the Federal Register on December 10, 2009.  No
comments were received.  A second Federal Register Notice was published
concurrent with submission of this collection to OMB. 

3(c) Consultations

Technical Consultations. In the development of this collection, we
consulted with professionals with expertise in statistics and emissions
measurement. Specific parties and contact information are listed below:

Hugh Williamson, Ph.D.

CACI Technologies, Inc.

Austin, Texas  78759

Douglas Lawson

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Golden, CO

Matti M. Maricq

Ford Motor Company

Dearborn, MI 48121

This supporting statement was prepared with support from :

Sandeep Kishan, P.E.,

Tim DeFries, Ph.D.

Eastern Research Group

5608 Parkcrest Drive

Austin, TX  78731-4947

512-407-1830

3(d) 	Effects of Less Frequent Collection

For each respondent, participation in the study is a voluntary one-time
event. Thus, periodic reporting is not requested or required.

3(e) General Guidelines

Participation in the program by each owner is on a voluntary basis.
Further, this information collection complies with the guidelines in the
Paperwork Reduction Act (5 CFR 1320.5(d)(2)). Specifically, the
collection does not require the respondents to:

Report information to EPA more often than quarterly;

Prepare a written response to a collection in fewer than 30 days after
receipt;

Submit more than one original document;

Retain any records for more than three years;

Participate in a statistical survey that is not designed to produce data
that can be generalized to the universe of study;

Use a statistical data classification that has not been reviewed and
approved by OMB;

Submit any information that they may consider to be confidential,
without EPA demonstrating that it has instituted procedures to protect
the information’s confidentiality to the extent permitted by law.

3(f) Confidentiality

Information that identifies respondents will be kept confidential to the
maximum extent permitted by law.  To protect the confidentiality of
respondents, the following items allowing direct identification of
individuals will not be disclosed or directly linked to survey results
unless required by law or court order.

Participant name(s)

Participant street address(es)

Participant electronic mail addresses

Participant phone number(s)

License plate numbers(s)

Vehicle Identification number (VIN)

Geographic-positioning-system results or coordinates.

3(g) Sensitive Questions

The questionnaires do not ask any sensitive questions.

4.0	THE RESPONDENTS AND THE INFORMATION REQUESTED

4(a) Respondents/NAICS Codes

As defined in Part B, section 2(a), respondents to the survey will be
private owners of light-duty cars and trucks.  This sub-population is
well-defined and we anticipate our sampling of this population will
provide a representative sample based on the statistical methods
outlined in Part B of this ICR. We define the target population in more
detail in Part B, section 2(a).

4(b) Information Requested

4(b)(i) Data Items, Including Recordkeeping Requirements

Reporting Items. All items that respondents will be requested to report
are listed and described in Part B, Section 4.

Recordkeeping Items. This collection will not request or require
respondents to compile or maintain any records.

4(b)(ii) Respondent Activities- 

Respondent activities for this data collection include:  

Respond to initial mail and phone contacts

Travel to and from to facility on first day, to drop off vehicle (and
pick up rental car)

Complete solicitation process – transfer vehicle to contractor

Travel to and from facility on second day, to pick up vehicle (and
return rental)

Complete vehicle exit paperwork

5.0	THE INFORMATION COLLECTED – AGENCY ACTIVITIES, COLLECTION
METHODOLOGY, AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

The following sections describe Agency activities related to survey
design, oversight, and analysis, maintenance and distribution of the
information collected. The primary activities associated with the actual
collection of information will be performed by EPA personnel or
contractors hired by the Agency.

5(a) Agency Activities  

In conduction of the survey, the agency will perform the following
activities:

Develop data forms and measurement procedures 

Construct sample frame (using screening measure and vehicle registration
database)

Draw vehicle sample

Perform recruitment

Mail advance letters

Conduct phone interviews/ arrangement participant scheduling

Perform emissions measurements

Perform activity measurements

Quality-assure data

Analyze data

Draft report

5(b) Collection Methodology and Management

Due to the brevity and simplicity of the solicitation interview
(Appendix A to Part B), we have selected the telephone interview as the
primary collection mode for verifying the eligibility of sampled
vehicles and soliciting participation. Making initial contact by phone
facilitates multiple direct contacts to make contact with the owner or
person knowledgeable about the selected vehicle.

Upon arrival at the facility, another brief personal interview will be
conducted to collect general information about the vehicle’s ownership
and maintenance history (Appendix B to Part B).  Due to the brevity and
simplicity of the questionnaire, we do not anticipate any hardship to
the vehicle owner in completing it quickly during the interview process
with the technician.  Additional detailed information about the vehicle
will be collected through direct inspection. (Appendix C to Part B).  
Collection methods are discussed further in Part B, Section 4(a),
“Collection Methods.”

To ensure data quality for interview information, each interview
response will be reviewed for completeness and internal consistency.
Emissions and activity data collected via instrumentation will be
quality-assured through use of computer algorithms. Time series for key
variables will also be plotted and visually checked on a case-by-case
basis. Quality-assurance steps for data collected are discussed in Part
B, Section 5(a), “Data Preparation.”  Following quality-assurance,
electronic data will be directly transferred into database software.
Computer files containing interview responses will be stored or managed
in spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel®, or database software
such as Microsoft Access® or Microsoft FoxPro®. Analyses will be
performed using SAS, version 9.2®, or SPSS, version 9®.   Data will be
stored in the “Mobile Source Observation Database,” (MSOD). This
database is available to the public on request.

5(c) Small Entity Flexibility  

As described above, collection methods for the survey have been designed
to keep the burden of participation to a minimum.  Additionally,
participation in the program is voluntary, giving owners the option of
not participating.

5(d) Collection Schedule

The tentative schedule below assumes OMB clearance for this collection
will be obtained by September 8, 2010. For each task, we show the date
targeted for its completion.

Project Step	Completion Date

Complete Study Plan  	April, 2010

Perform Remote sensing measurements

(For development of screening measure)	July, 2010

Conduct sampling	Mid-September, 2010

Conduct field measurements	Mid-March, 2011

Submit Draft Report	Mid-May, 2011

Submit Final Report	Mid-June, 2011

6.0	ESTIMATING THE BURDEN AND COST OF THE COLLECTION

6(a) Estimating Respondent Burden

Table A.1 presents estimates of burden and cost for respondents
participating in the collection.  The initial screening by remote
sensing is non-intrusive and thus imposes no burden on respondents. 

Initial contact with the vehicle owners will take no more than 15
minutes.  This step will involve mail contact followed by a phone
interview outlining the program and requesting participation.  All
owners contacted will receive a $10 incentive, regardless of further
participation.   Those owners who agree to participate shall also be
reimbursed for effort and inconvenience.  This reimbursement will
include access to a rental car is the respondent desires plus an
additional $100 incentive if the respondent participates in emissions
measurement, and a final $100 if the respondent participates in activity
measurement. We estimate that participants will spend approximately 3
hours on average traveling to and from the facility, and an additional
hour at the facility.

6(b) Respondent Costs

Table A.1 presents estimated burden and cost to respondents.

6(b)(i) Labor Costs

For respondents, we have used the average of total employee compensation
in the private sector as a whole as representing the opportunity cost of
participation in this collection.  Though not “labor cost” as such,
we have multiplied total compensation by respondent time to represent
total cost.  As of December, 2009 this figure came to $27.42/hour.  

6(b)(ii) Capital and Operations Costs

For respondents, participation in this collection will not require any
capital or startup costs, nor will respondents incur operating or
maintenance costs. Thus, no costs in either of these two categories are
represented in Table A.1.  

Table A1- Annual Respondent & Burden Cost

Information Activity	Respondent Time	Labor cost*	No. Respondents	Total
Time	Total Cost

	(hrs)	($/hr)

hrs	($)

Respond to mail and phone contacts 	0.25	 $     27.42 	850	213	 $       
  5,827 

Travel to and from facility 	3.00	 $     27.42 	250	750	 $         
20,565

On-site interview and vehicle transfer	1.00	 $     27.42 	250	250	 $    
     6,855

 

	Total	1,213	 $       33,247 

6(c) Agency Burden and Cost

Table A.2 presents Agency burden and cost for the program.  For all
tasks, separate estimates are presented for Contractor personnel and
Agency staff. 

6(c)(i) Agency Burden

6(c)(i)(1) Collection of Emissions Data

Table A.2 presents estimated agency labor hours for each activity listed
above.  We have separated labor hours into two components, those hours
to be worked by Agency staff and those to be worked by contractor
personnel. In general, the contractor will solicit vehicle owners,
handle initial processing and coordinate field logistics.  In addition
to the contractor personnel, Agency personnel will also be active in
constructing the sample frame and performing emissions measurements,
contributing approximately 40% of labor hours as well as specialized
expertise and oversight for this purpose. Both contractor and agency
personnel will contribute to data processing and quality assurance,
while agency staff will play a leading role in substantive analyses. As
always, the contractor will draft and deliver a project report to the
agency.

Table A2.   Agency Burden and Cost

6(c)(ii) Agency Costs

6(c)(ii)(1) Labor Costs

Contract Labor Costs.   The average loaded values for managerial,
technical and clerical personnel are $142, $100, and $64 per hour,
respectively. These values represent wages and salaries, multiplied by a
factor of 1.9 to account for overhead and indirect costs. The average
contract labor cost for this effort is $101 per hour.  

Agency Labor Costs. Labor Costs for EPA staff were taken from the 2010
Locality Schedule for Civilian Federal Employees in the Detroit area.
Based on the Schedule, we have assumed average hourly labor costs of
$67.14 for managerial personnel, $48.30 for technical personnel and
$22.90 for clerical personnel. These assignments correspond to levels of
GS-15, GS-13 and GS-7, all at the step-5 level, respectively. We have
multiplied the hourly labor rates by a “benefits multiplier” of 1.6,
to represent the total cost of employment for Federal staff (OEI, 1999).
  

6(c)(ii)(2) Capital and Operations Costs

Capital costs during the pilot and main study include costs for facility
rental and utilities,   instrument set up, equipment and tools.
Operation and maintenance costs include participant incentives, rental
cars (for participants), supplies and contractor travel.

6(d)	Estimating the Respondent Universe and Total Burden

Table 2 presents total burden and cost for respondents, by activity. 
The respondent universe is determined by the proposed sample sizes. We
anticipate up to 850 completed phone interviews, at a total cost to
respondents of $5,827.  For emissions measurement, we anticipate
approximately 250 respondents, with total burden and cost to respondents
estimated at 1,000 hours and $27,420, respectively.

Table 3 presents total burden and cost for the Agency, by activity. For
participant screening and recruitment, we estimate a burden and cost of
1,373 hours and $136,013.  For emissions measurement and quality
assurance, we estimate burden and cost of 3,968 hours and $363,272, and
for analysis and reporting, we estimate a burden and cost of 418 hours
and $37,024. 

6(e)	Bottom-Line Burden Hours and Cost Tables

6(e)(i)		Respondent Tally

  REF _Ref258332079 \h  Table 2  presents total respondent burden hours
and costs. Estimates are presented separately for screening interviews
and emissions measurement.

Table 2   Total Estimated Respondent Burden and Cost

Activity	No. 

Respondents

	Total

Hours	Total Labor

Cost	Total Capital Cost	Total O&M Cost

Screening  and 

Recruitment

	850	213	$5,827	$0.00	$0.00

Emissions

Measurements

	250	1,000	$27,420	$0.00	$0.00

Total

1,213	$33,247	$0.00	$0.00

6(e)(ii)	Agency Tally

  REF _Ref258332057 \h  Table 3  presents total respondent burden hours
and costs. Estimates are presented separately for screening interviews
and emissions measurement.

Table   SEQ Table \* ARABIC  3 . Total Estimated Agency Burden and Cost

Activity	No. 

Respondents

	Total

Hours	Total Labor

Cost	Total Capital Cost	Total O&M Cost

Screening and 

Recruitment

	850	1,373	$136,013	$0	$0

Emissions

Measurements

	250	4,386	$400,296	$62,000	$43,500

Total

5,758	$536,309	$62,000	$43,500

 

6(g)(i) Burden Statement 

The USEPA is conducting a statistical survey to characterize the gaseous
tailpipe emissions and activity of vehicles certified to Tier-2/Bin-5
standards and to estimate emissions deterioration with vehicle age. 
Responses to this collection are voluntary.  The public reporting and
recordkeeping burden for this collection of information is estimated to
average 1.5 hours per response. This average reflects a burden of 0.25
hours for 600 respondents participating only in a screening interview,
and 4.25 hours for 250 respondents participating in emissions
measurement as well as a screening interview. 

Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources expended by
persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or provide
information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed to
review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology
and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying
information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and
providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any
previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to
be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources;
complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or
otherwise disclose the information.  An agency may not conduct or
sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.

To comment on the Agency's need for this information, the accuracy of
the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing
respondent burden, including the use of automated collection techniques,
EPA has established a public docket for this ICR under Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0548, which is available for public viewing in the Air
and Radiation Docket at the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), EPA West, Room
3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC.  The EPA Docket Center
Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Reading
Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the Air and
Radiation Docket is (202) 566- 1742.

An electronic version of the public docket is available at
www.regulations.gov.  This site can be used to submit or view public
comments, access the index listing of the contents of the public docket,
and to access those documents in the public docket that are available
electronically.  When in the system, select “search,” then key in
the Docket ID Number identified above.  Also, you can send comments to
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management
and Budget, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503, Attention: Desk
Office for EPA. Please include the EPA Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0548 and OMB control number 2060-NEW in any
correspondence.



APPENDIX A-1: Relevant Sections of Statutes

The Statutes relevant to this collection are (103(a) and (103(b) of the
Clean Air Act, listed below:

Sec. 103. (a) The Administrator shall establish a national research and
development program for the prevention and control of air pollution and
as part of such program shall - 

(1) conduct, and promote the coordination and acceleration of, research,
investigations,  experiments, demonstrations, surveys, and studies
relating to the causes, effects (including health and welfare effects),
extent, prevention, and control of air pollution;

(2) encourage, cooperate with, and render technical services and provide
financial assistance to air pollution control agencies and other
appropriate public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations,
and individuals in the conduct of such activities;

(3) conduct investigations and research and make surveys concerning any
specific problem of air pollution in cooperation with any air pollution
control agency with a view to recommending a solution of such problem,
if he is requested to do so by such agency or if, in his judgment, such
problem may affect any community or communities in a State other than
that in which the source of the matter causing or contributing to the
pollution is located;

(4) establish technical advisory committees composed of recognized
experts in various  aspects of air pollution to assist in the
examination and evaluation of research progress and proposals and to
avoid duplication of research; and

(5) conduct and promote coordination and acceleration of training  for
individuals  relating to the causes, effects, extent, prevention, and
control of air pollution.

(b) In carrying out the provisions of the preceding subsection the
Administrator is authorized to - 

(1) collect and make available, through publications and other
appropriate means, the results of and other information, including
appropriate recommendations by him in connection therewith, pertaining
to such research and other activities;

(2) cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, with air
pollution control agencies, with other public and private agencies,
institutions, and organizations, and with any industries involved, in
the preparation and conduct of such research and other activities;

(3) make grants to air pollution control agencies, to other public or
nonprofit private  agencies, institutions, and organizations, and  to
individuals, for purposes stated in subsection (a)(1) of this section;

(4) contract with public or private agencies, institutions, and
organizations, and with  individuals, without regard to sections 3648
and 3709 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529; 41 U.S.C. 5);

(5) establish and maintain research fellowships, in the Environmental
Protection Agency  and at public or  nonprofit private educational
institutions or research organizations;

(6) collect and disseminate, in cooperation with other Federal
departments and agencies, and with other public or private agencies,
institutions, and organizations having related responsibilities, basic
data on chemical, physical, and biological effects of varying air 
quality and other information pertaining to air pollution and the
prevention and control thereof;

(7) develop effective and practical processes, methods, and prototype
devices for the prevention or control of air pollution; and

(8) construct facilities, provide equipment, and employ staff as
necessary to carry out this Act.

In carrying out the provisions of subsection (a), the Administrator
shall provide training for, and make training grants to, personnel of
air pollution control agencies and other persons with suitable
qualifications and make grants to such agencies, to other public or
nonprofit private agencies, institutions, and organizations for the
purposes stated in subsection (a)(5). Reasonable fees may be charged for
such training provided to persons other than personnel of air pollution 
control agencies but such training shall be provided to such personnel
of air pollution control agencies without charge. 

REFERENCES.

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  Bureau of Labor Statistics.  Employer Costs for Employee Compensation
– December 2009. USDL-10-0283. U.S. Department of Labor, March 2010.