Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0072-0046
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2002-07-10T04:00Z

ALPHA­
GAMMA
T
E
C
H
N
O
L
O
G
I
E
S
,
1
N
C
.
A­
70­
4
5
­
2
F
B
­
y
MEMORANDC'M
DATE:
March
22,
2002
i
i
arge
Municipal
SUBJECT:
Summary
of
Equations
used
to
Calcu
i
Waste
Combustion
Units
Following
MACT
Retrofit
(
Test
Data)

FROM:
Bradley
Nelson
Alpha­
Gama
Technologies,
Inc.

TO:
'
Wait
Stevenson,
EPNCombustion
Group
The
purpose
of
this
memorandum
is
to
present
the
equations
used
to
calculate
the
annual
pollutant
emissions
from
large
Municipal
Waste
Combustor
(
MWC)
units.
This
memorandum
is
randum
titled
"
Emissions
from
Large
Municipal
Waste
Combustion
)
Following
MACT
Retrofit
(
Year
2000
Test
Data);
Docket
A­
90­
45;
VIII­
B­
3.

line
the
steps
that
were
used
to
calculate
MWC
unit
emissions.

to
convert
compliance
test
data
into
an
nts,
which
include
dioxins/
fUrans
(
CDD/
CDF),
­

cadmium
(
Cd),
hydrochloric
acid
(
HCI),
s
u
k
r
dioxide
(
SO,),
nitrogen
oxides
(
NO,),
and
ter
(
PM).
Emissions
for
CDDICDF
were
calculated
in
units
of
grams
per
year
total
mass
and
TEQ'
basis.

ns
were
summed
to
Toxic
Equivalency
Quantity
(
TEQ)
values
based
on
1989
NATO
Toxic
Equivalency
Factors.
As
background,
the
Emission
Guidelines
(
EG)
for
large
MWC
units
under
Section
129
of
the
Clean
Air
Act
were
adopted
in
1995
(
40
CFR
part
60,
subpart
Cb),
and
required
all
large
MWC
units
to
be
in.
compliance
with
either
a
compliance
test
reports
due
by
Au
167
large
NWC
units
located
ants
in
24
states.
From
these
reports,
data
was
extracted
on
pollutant
emission
concentratio
compliance
test,
steam
rate
during
the
compliance
test,
and
annu
as
used
to
calculate
the
annual
emissions
for
each
Section
129
pollutant
for
each
of
the
167
large
MFVC
units.
Annual
waste
combusted
data
(
tons
waste
cornbusted
pe
ratios
and
provide
information
on
the
total
plant
specific
data
were
used
except
for
th
or
a
Federal
Plan
by
December
2000,
with
obtained
the
compliance
te
ted
and
used
to
calculate
process
ted
in
the
U.
S.
In
all
cases,

i
Conversion
Factors
SO,
Ratio
­
The
EG
requires
all
unit
the
annual
emission
calcu
to
convert
SO,
geometric
mean
units
provided
values
for
generate
usable
data
for
units
of
1.12
to
1
was
calculated.
a
geometric
mean.
For
TEQ
Ratio
­
All
units
provided
CD
under
the
Emission
Guidelines.
T
were
calculated.
From
the
data,

and
TEQ
basis.
A
total
mass/
TEQ
rat
units
not
reporting
TEQ
data.
The
to
mass
basis.
This
is
required
The
equations
used
to
calculate
the
annual
emissions
of
the
Section
f29
pollutants
are
provided
in
Attachment
1.
The
calculation
ed
a
three­
step
proce
C:\
SrnallMWC\
Docket\
70802submitt~
9~
v~~
9.
wpd
2
The
compliance
test
pollutant
emission
rate
(
masdtime)
was
calculated
by
multiplying
the
poUutant
concentration
(
mass/
volume)
by
the
stack
flow
rate
(
volume/
time)
during
the
test.

The
pollutant
emission
rate
(
masdtime)
was
divided
by
the
steam
flow
rate
during
the
test
(
ib
steamltime)
to
calculate
a
pollutant­
to­
steam
factor
(
mass/
lb
steam).

The
pollutant­
to­
steam
factor
(
massfib
steam)
was
multiplied
by
the
annual
steam
output
(
Ib
steamlyear)
to
calculate
the
annual
pollutant
emission
rate
(
madyear).

The
pollutant
concentration
units
varies
between
poUutants
and
are
as
follows;
ng/
dscm
and
HCI).
All
data
are
presented
on
a
dry
basis,
corrected
to
7%
0,.
For
NO,
and
SO,
the
fEst
24
hour
CEM
average
was
used
for
emission
calculations.
Q
(
CDD/
CDF),
mg/
dscm
(
PM,
Cd,
Pb,
and
Hg)
and
ppmV
(
NO,,
SO,,
CO,
Attachment
1
1000
mg/
g.
The
equation
for
calculating
compliance
test
pollutant
emission
rate
(
E)
is
as
follows:

C
V
*
6
0
E
Where:

E
=
Pollutant
emission
rate
(@
our);

C
=
Concentration
of
pollutant
(
m
F
=
Stack
flow
rate
(
dscdmin
@
I
60
min/
hr;
and
P
S
F
*
AS
453.593
*
2000
A
E
=

Where:

AE
=
Annual
emission
(
tons/
yr);

ant/
Steam
factor
(
g
pollutant/
lb
steam);

AS
=
Annual
steam
flow
for
unit
(
Ib
steady);

453.593
gjIb;
and
2000
lb/
ton.

Since
some
of
the
pollutant
concentration
data
in
the
compliance
tests
were
not
given
in
mg/
dscm,

conversion
factors
were
calculated
and
used
to
convert
the
given
values
into
mgld
convert
the
poilut
multipiied
by
the
conversion
factor.
The
conversion
factors
that
were
used
are
given
in
the
following
table.
concentration
to
mg/
dscm
the
concentration
value
(
ppmV
or
ng/
dscm}
is
Attachment
2
The
purpose
of
this
section
is
to
provide
a
sample
calculation
to
show
the
steps
and
equations
that
are
used
to
calculate
the
Combustor
(
MWC)
units.
A
750
ton
p
calculation.
Sample
calculations
are
sho
om
large
Municipal
Waste
Sample
Calculation
(
750
TPD
MWC
Unit):

Flue
gas
rate
during
compliance
test
(
F)

Steam
rate
during
compliance
rest
(
SF)

Steam
generation
per
year
(
AS)
=
I
P
Dioxifluran,
Total
M
Concentration
of
CDD/
CDF,
total
mass
b
Using
the
conversion
,

Thus,
E=
1.6~
10~~*
2159*
60/
tOOO
E
=
2.07
x
IO4
f
i
r
PSF
=
2.07
x
lo4
/
184,500
PSF
=
1.
f
2338
x
1
0­
9
gllb
steam
AE
=
1.12338
x
io"
*
1,433,041,000
AE
=
1.61
g/
yr
CDD/
CD
ersion
from
tons
to
grams)

DioxinsJFurans,
TEQ
Basis:

6
C:\
SmaliMWC\
Oocket\
70802submittal\
A9045d
Concentration
of
CDDICDF,
TEQ
basis
=
0.032
ng/
dscm
(
given)

Using
the
conversion
factor
the
CDD/
CDF
concentration
is
3.2
x
IO­'
mg/
dscm
Thus,
E
=
3.2
x
lo­'
*
2159
*
60
/
1000
E
=
4.1453
x
IOv6
g/
hr
PSF
=
4.1453
x
PSF
=
2.2468
x
10'"
g/
lb
steam
/
184,500
Mercury
(
Hg):

Concentrarion
of
Hg
=
0.0197
mgldscm
(
given)

Thus,
E
=
0.0197
*
2159
*
60
/
1000
PSF
=
2.55
I9
/
184,500
PSF
=
1.383
x
g/
Ib
steam
AE
=
1.383
x
to­'
*
1,433,04Z,
oOO
/
(
453.593
*
2000)

AE
=
0.02
18
ton/
yr
Hg
Lead
(
plb):

I
Doeket\
7O802su
bmittafV49045viiibS.
wpd
7
,
I
Concentration
of
Pb
=
0.039
mgldscm
(
given)

Thus,
E
=
0.039
*
2
60
/
1000
E
=
5.052
g
h
r
PSF
=
5.052
/
184,500
PSF
=
2.738
x
IO­'
g/
lb
steam
AE
=
2.738
x
*

AE
=
0.0433
todyr
Pb
Cahaium
(
Cd):

Concentration
of
Cd
=
0.0033
mgldscm
(
given)

Thus,
E
=
0.0033
*
2159
*
60
/
1000
E
=
0.4275
g/
hr
PSF
=
0.4275
/
184,500
7
x
!
O­
6
g/
Ib
steam
AE
=
2.3
17
x
lo6
*
1,433,041,000
J
(
453.

AE
=
0.00366
todyr
Cd
Hydrochloric
Acid
(
HCl):

Concentration
of
HCl
=
9.4
ppmV
(
given)
Using
the
conversion
factor
the
HCI
concentration
is
14.25
mg/
dscm
Thus,
E
=
14.25
*
2159
*
601
1000
E
=
I846
g/
hr
PSF
=
1846
/
184,500
PSF
=
0.01
g/
lb
steam
AEi
=
0.01
*
1,433,041,000
/
(
453.593
*
2000)

AE
=
15.8
todyr
HCI
Sulfur
Dioxide
(
SO&

The
concentration
of
SO,
=
4.9
ppmV
(
given)

Using
the
conversion
factor
the
SO,
concentration
is
13.05
mg/
dscm
Thus,
E
=
13.05
*
2159
*
60
/
1000
E
=
1690
g/
hr
PSF
=
1590
/`
184,500
PSF
=
0.00916
g/
lb
steam
AE
=
0.009
16
*
1,433,041,000
/
(
453.593
*
2000)

AE
=
14.5
ton/
yr
SO,

Nitrogen
Oxides
(
Nod:
Thus,

E
=
350
*
2159
*
60
/
LO00
E
=
45,324
PSF
=
45,324
/'
184.500
PSF
=
0.24566
gRb
steam
i
AE
=
0.24566
*
I,
433,041,000
/
(
453.593
*
2000)
I
AE
=
388
todyr
NO,

Particuiate
Matter
(
PM):

Concentration
of
PM
=
7.3
mgldscm
(

Thus,
*

E
=
7.3
*
2159
*
60
/
lo00
E
=
945.6
g
h
r
­
J
PSF
=
945.6
/
184,500
PSF
=
0.005
126
g/
lb
steam
­

AE
=
O.
005126
*
1,433,041
1
AE
=
8.10
toniys
PM