Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0027-0056
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2002-06-13T04:00Z

­.
.
1
.

.
­.
I
I
­­
­\1
p­
XYLENE
:

DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
BIOLOGIC
STANDAIZD
FOR
THE
INDUSTRIAL
WORKER
BY
BREATH
ANALYSIS
PROPERR
OF
AYERSON
POLYlECHNiC
UNJVERSIR
350
VICTORIA
SX,
TORONTO,
ONT.
M58
2K3
ci)
F
B
000001
P­
XYLENE:

DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
BIOLOGIC
STANDARD
FOR
THE
INDUSTRIAL
WORKER
BY
BREATH
ANALYSIS
C.
L.
Hake,
Ph.
D.

R.
D.
Stewart,
M.
D.,
M.
P.
H.

A.
Wu,
Ph.
d.

S.
A.
G
r
a
f
f
,
B.
S.

H.
V.
F
o
r
s
t
e
r
,
Ph.
D.

W.
H.
Keeler,
M.
D.

A
.J
.
Lebrun,
M.
D.

P.
E.
Newton,
M.
S.

R.
J.
Soto,
M.
S.

Report
No.:
NIOSH­
MCOW­
ENVM­
XY­
77­
3
From
t
h
e
Department
of
Environmental
Medicine,
The
Medical
College
of
Wisconsin,
Allen­
Bradley
Medical
Science
Laboratory,
8700
West
Wisconsin
Avenue,
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin
53226.

This
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
supported
by
Contract
No.
HSM
99­
72­
84
from
t
h
e
National
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
f
o
r
Occupational
Safety
and
Health.
i
i
SYNOPSIS
­
ABSTRACT
Adults
of
both
sexes
were
exposed
repetitively
to
p­
xylene
vapor
concentrations
of
0,
20,
100,
and
150
pprn
for
periods
of
1,
3,
and
7­
1/
2
hr
in
a
controlled­
environment
chamber
for
two
purposes:
1)
to
develop
a
practical
"biologic"
test
which
could
be
used'
to
limit
the
magnitude
of
an
industrial
exposure;
2)
to
monitor
the
physiological
response
of
healthy,
sedentary
adults
to
different
vapor
concentrations
and
durations
of
exposure,
including
the
Threshold
Limit
Value
(TLV)
of
100
ppm,
for
five
consecutive
days.

Repetitive
vapor
exposure
to
the
current
TLV
of
100
ppm
produced
no
serious
subjective
or
objective
health
responses
in
the
16
subjects,

neither
were
any
elicited
in
the
eight
male
subjects
while
being
exposed
for
five
consecutive
days
to
150,
ppm
p­
xylene
vapor.
There
was
an
indication
of
the
saturation
of
the
metabolic
pathway(
s)
of
p­
xylene
when
four
subjects
exercised
briefly
while
breathing
150
ppm;
however,

the
certainty
and
nature
of
this
response
requires
confirmation.

Analysis
of
methyl
hippuric
,acid
metabolite
in
24­
hr
urine
samples,

and
of
p­
xylene
in
post
exposure
blood,
saliva,
and
breath
samples
all
revealed
the
certainty
of
p­
xylene
vapor
exposures.
For
the
greatest
practicality
for
routine
biologic
monitoring,
combined
with
assurance
of
limiting
p­
xylene
exposures
in
workers,
we
recommend
breath
sampling.

An
alveolar
breath
sample,
obtained
15
min
after
the
termination
of
a
p­

xylene
exposure,
should
have
a
p­
xylene
concentration
of
no
greater
than
4.5
ppm
if
from
a
male
worker
or
3.5
ppm
if
from
a
female
worker.

Concentrations
below
these
limits
would
give
assurance
that
the
workers
had
not
been
exposed
during
the
previous
8
hr
to
deleterious
concentra­

tions
of
p­
xylene.
800003
5
$14"
**
+,*
e#
.r
4
+)
iii
p­
XYLENE
SYNOPSIS­
ABSTRACT
............................
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
..............................
iv
INTRODUCTION
.............................

EXPERIMENTAL
.............................
t
Exposure
Schedule
........................
Subjects
............................
Exposure
Chamber
..........................
Analysis
of
Exposure
Chamber
Atmosphere
.............
Medical
Surveillance
......................
Breath
Sample
Collection
and.
Analysis.
.............
Blood
Sampling
and
p­
Xylene
Analysis
in
Blood
..........
Analysis
of
p­
Xylene
in
Saliva
Samples
.............
Analysis
of
a
p­
Xylene
Metabolite
in
Urine:
Methyl
Hippuric
Acid
Neurological
Studies
......................
Cardio­
Pulmonary
Function
Studies
.................
Cognitive
Testing
........................
Subjective
Responses
......................
..
1
..
2
..
2
..
3
..
4
..
5
...
6
..
7
..
8
..
9
.
.
10
.
.
11
.
.
1
3
.
.
16
.
.
18
RESULTS
.................................
19
Exposure
Schedule
..........................
19
Subjects
..............................
20
Exposure
Chamber
...........................
20
Analysis
of
Exposure
Chamber
Atmosphere
...............
2
1
Medical
Surveillance
........................
22
Breath
Analysis
...........................
22
Blood
p­
Xylene
Concentrations
....................
23
Saliva
p­
Xylene
Concentrations
...................
24
Urinary
Methyl
Hippuric
Acid
Concentrations
.............
25
Neurological
Studies
........................
25
Cardio­
Pulmonary
Function
Studies
..................
26
Cognitive
Testing
..........................
28
Subjective
Responses
........................
29
F
DISCUSSION
................................
3
1
!

REFERENCES
................................
38
f
APPENDICES
................................
1­
111
i
Statement
of
Voluntary
Consent
...................
1
Medical
Examination
Forms
......................
I1
&111
TABLES
..................................
I
LIV
.
f
..
.....
FIGURES
..
+;
.
.
+"
'p;~.
gt!.
...........................
1
­3
5
*:*

000004
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
A
l
l
personnel
i
n
t
h
e
Department
during
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
study
was
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
,
including
L.
E
b
e
r
t
,
S.
Kamke,
L.
Pearson,
J
.E
.
Peterson,
Ph.
D.,

D.
Shekoski,
K.
S
u
s
c
h
i
l
,
and
T.
Stewart,
provided
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e
i
n
c
a
r
r
y
i
n
g
out
t
h
e
study
and/
or
aided
i
n
preparing
t
h
i
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
.

t
i
c
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
d
a
t
a
from
the
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
was
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
i
d
of
J.
H.
Kalbfleisch,
Ph.
D.,
A
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
t
P
r
o
f
e
s
s
o
r
,
Department
of
Preventive
Medicine.
The
statis­

000005
­1
­

INTRODUCTION
p­
Xylene
is
a
key
r
a
w
material
i
n
t
h
e
burgeoning
p
o
l
y
e
s
t
e
r
f
i
b
e
r
and
f
i
l
m
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
,
and
is
one
of
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
isomers
i
n
t
h
e
mixed
xylenes
s
o
l
v
e
n
t
,
now
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
a
new
u
s
e
i
n
low­
lead
g
a
s
o
l
i
n
e
.
Annual
production
and
imports
of
p­
xylene
i
n
1974
t
o
t
a
l
l
e
d
2,586
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
lb,
and
t
h
i
s
f
i
g
u
r
e
i
s
expected
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
o
4,735
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
lb
i
n
1980(
1).
To
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
American
worker
from
harmful
exposures
t
o
t
h
e
mixed
xylenes
s
o
l
v
e
n
t
,
a
Threshold
L
i
m
i
t
Value
of
100
ppm
f
o
r
an
eight­
hr
work
day
w
a
s
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
i
n
1965")
and
readopted
annually
t
h
e
r
e
a
f
t
e
r
.

w
a
s
made
t
o
set
separate
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
isomers
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
,
and
i
t
has
been
assumed
t
h
a
t
none
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
l
y
is
more
hazar­

dous
than
t
h
e
mixture
of
isomers.
No
attempt
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
one
isomer
w
a
s
chosen
t
o
prevent
any
confounding
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
a
mixture,
and
t
o
allow
an
e
x
a
c
t
measurement
of
t
h
e
exposure
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
t
a
l
l
t
i
m
e
s
.
p­
Xylene
w
a
s
chosen
because
of
i
t
s
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
volume
usage
of
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
isomers
by
American
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
.

I
n
t
h
e
series
of
experiments
t
o
b
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
,
16
a
d
u
l
t
s
of
both
s
e
x
e
s
w
e
r
e
exposed
r
e
p
e
t
i
t
i
v
e
l
y
t
o
p­
xylene
vapor
concentrations
of
0,

20,
100,
and
150
ppm
f
o
r
varying
p
e
r
i
o
d
s
of
t
i
m
e
i
n
an
environmentally
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
chamber.
The
g
o
a
l
s
were
t
o
:
1
)
observe
t
h
e
physiologic
response
of
sedentary
persons
upon
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene
vapor,
and
2)

develop
a
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
test
u
s
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
estimating
t
h
e
magnitude
of
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene.

000006
­L­

EXPERIMENTAL
Healthy
adults
of
both
sexes
were
exposed
to
known
concentrations
of
p­
xylene
vapor
in
a
controlled­
environment
chamber.
These
studies
were
designed
to
simulate
the
type
of
exposures
encountered
in
the
industrial
setting
and
consisted
of
both
steady,
non­
fluctuating
vapor
concentrations
as
well
as
widely
fluctuating
vapor
concentrations
of
p­

xylene.

Exposure
Schedule:

The
vapor
exposure
sequence
is
presented
in
Table
I.
The
sequence
was
initiated
with
male
subjects
who
were
exposed
to
p­
xylene
vapor
concentrations
of
0,
20,
100,
and
150
ppm
for
periods
of
1,
3
,
or
7­
1/
2­

hr.
The
female
subjects
were
exposed
to
0
and
100
ppm
for
identical
periods
of
time.
The
vapor
concentrations
in
the
controlled­
environment
chamber
were
not
permitted
to
fluctuate
widely
except
for
the
male
subjects'
exposure
during
Week
5
when
the
wide
fluctuation
experiment
was
performed.
The
female
subjects'
exposure
sequence
occurred
sub­

sequent
to
the
exposure
of
male
subjects
and
duplicated
Week
2
for
males.

The
widely
fluctuating
concentrations
of
p­
xylene
vapor
during
Week
5
of
exposure
of
male
subjects
was
attained
by
varying
the
concentration
of
p­
xylene
in
the
chamber
from
50
to
100
to
150
ppm
during
equal
periods
of
time.
The
sequence
of
the
up
and
down
concentrations
was
designed
so
that
the
last
15
min
of
exposure
for
all
subjects
was
to
a
vapor
concentration
of
100
ppm
p­
xylene.
­3
­

Subjects
:

The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
from
t
h
e
Caucasian,
middle­
class,

working
population
of
t
h
e
Milwaukee
metropolitan
area.
They
were
r
e
c
r
u
i
t
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
study
by
a
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
employment
agency.
Each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
who
completed
t
h
e
study
received
$2.50
p
e
r
h
r
spent
a
t
t
h
e
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
,

p
l
u
s
overtime,
w
i
t
h
a
3­
hr
minimum
payment
f
o
r
t
h
e
Saturday
morning
medical
s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
check.
,A
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
of
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
and
t
h
e
n
a
t
u
r
e
of
t
h
e
procedures
t
o
be
used
were
f
u
l
l
y
explained
t
o
them,
a
l
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
signed
a
n
informed
consent
form,
a
copy
of
which
is
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
as
Appendix
I.

Eleven
h
e
a
l
t
h
y
males
volunteered
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
study.
T
h
e
i
r
ages
ranged
from
19
t
o
55
y
e
a
r
s
,
h
e
i
g
h
t
from
1
7
3
t
o
185
cm,
and
t
h
e
i
r
weight
from
62.7
t
o
110.1
kg.
The
one
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
t
h
a
t
w
a
s
obese,
weight­­
110.1
kg
and
height­­
173
cm,
dropped
o
u
t
of
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
day
(0
ppm
p­
xylene)
and
thus
w
a
s
n
o
t
exposed
t
o
t
h
e
vapor
of
t
h
e
chemical.
O
f
9
volunteer
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
,
4
were
assigned
t
o
Group
I
(7­

1/
2­
hr
exposure),
2
t
o
Group
I1
(3­
hr
exposure),
and
3
t
o
Group
I11
(1­

h
r
exposure).

t
h
e
study
during
t
h
e
0­
ppm
exposures,
another
Group
I11
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
dropped
o
u
t
a
f
t
e
r
Day
1
of
Week
2.

day
a
t
100
ppm.
Two
new
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
s
j
o
i
n
e
d
Group
I11
during
Week
3.
The
l
a
s
t
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
remaining
of
t
h
e
3
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
Group
111
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
dropped
o
u
t
a
t
t
h
e
end
of
Week
3.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
Group
I11
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
who
dropped
o
u
t
of
H
i
s
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene
was
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
t
o
1
The
ages
of
t
h
e
7
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
n
g
females
ranged
from
22
t
o
39
y
e
a
r
s
,

t
h
e
i
r
h
e
i
g
h
t
from
156
t
o
172
cm,
and
t
h
e
i
r
weight
from
56.7
t
o
93.5
kg.

One
Group
I
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
obese.
Two
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
females
volunteered
b
u
t
000008
­4
­

dropped
o
u
t
of
t
h
e
study
a
f
t
e
r
the
f
i
r
s
t
day
(0
ppm
p­
xylene).
The
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
of
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
t
o
Groups
I
,
11,
and
I11
w
a
s
3
,
2
,
and
2
,
re­

s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.

All
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
cautioned
t
o
a
b
s
t
a
i
n
from
t
h
e
use
of
drugs
and
t
o
l
i
m
i
t
t
h
e
i
r
use
of
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
t
o
very
moderate
amounts.

smokers
were
n
o
t
allowed
t
o
smoke
during
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
a
y
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
­
Subjects
who
were
environment
chamber.
Subjects
who
underwent
behavioral
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
(3­
hr
and
7­
1/
2­
hr
males)
were
asked
t
o
r
e
f
r
a
i
n
from
consuming
any
c
a
f
f
e
i
n
e
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
t
h
e
end
of
each
day's
s
t
u
d
y
(1
h
r
post­
exposure).

n
Most
of
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
had
no
o
t
h
e
r
wage­
earning
job
during
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
of
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
and
none
experienced
any
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
of
t
h
e
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
.

Exposure
Chamber:

All
exposures
t
o
t
h
e
vapor
of
p­
xylene
w
e
r
e
conducted
i
n
a
con­

trolled­
environment
chamber
20
x
20
x
8
f
t
i
n
s
i
z
e
,
which
was
adjoined
by
a
3
x
5
x
8
f
t
t
o
i
l
e
t
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
and
a
7
x
7­
1/
2'x
8
f
t
room
s
h
i
e
l
d
e
d
.
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
electromagnetic
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
.
Both
t
h
e
t
o
i
l
e
t
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
and
t
h
e
s
h
i
e
l
d
e
d
room
were
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
e
d
by
a
i
r
from
t
h
e
chamber.

complex
had
its
independent
a
i
r
handling
system
and
a
l
l
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
doors
were
s
e
l
f
­s
e
a
l
i
n
g
when
closed.

imately
1500
cu
f
t
p
e
r
min
and
approximately
25%
of
t
h
i
s
flow
w
a
s
This
t
h
r
e
e
room
A
i
r
flow
through
t
h
e
complex
w
a
s
approx­

exhausted
causing
a
s
l
i
g
h
t
negative
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
complex
a
t
a
l
l
times.
A
i
r
temperature
w
a
s
maintained
a
t
72­
74'
F
while
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
humidity
ranged
between
4555%.

sweeping
t
h
e
concentrated
vapor
from
a
warm
f
l
a
s
k
w
i
t
h
a
stream
of
a
i
r
The
p­
xylene
vapor
w
a
s
introduced
by
i
P$
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,r
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i
n
t
o
t
h
e
chamber's
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
a
i
r
.
A
r
e
c
i
p
r
o
c
a
l
dual­
piston
pump
maintained
a
s
t
e
a
d
y
flow
of
l
i
q
u
i
d
p­
xylene
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
f
l
a
s
k
.

Analysis
of
Exposure
Chamber
Atmosphere:

Each
3­
kg
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
of
p­
xylene
(Aldrich
Chemical,
p­
xylene,
99%)

used
t
o
contaminate
t
h
e
chamber
atmosphere
was
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
l
y
analyzed
by
gas
chromatography
f
o
r
benzene
contamination
b
e
f
o
r
e
use.
No
benzene
at
l
e
v
e
l
s
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
than
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
instrument
(1
ppm)
w
e
r
e
found.
.

Standards
w
e
r
e
prepared
by
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
s
a
r
a
n
bags
with
room
a
i
r
pumped
i
n
sequence
through
a
charcoal
column,
a
w
e
t
test
meter,
a
Drierite
column,
and
a
type
N
a
l
l
­s
e
r
v
i
c
e
gas
mask
c
a
n
n
i
s
t
e
r
.

bag
with
a
known
amount
of
c
l
e
a
n
,
dry
air,
a
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
amount
of
p­

xylene
was
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
bag
using
a
m
i
c
r
o
l
i
t
e
r
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
.
Necessary
amounts
of
p­
xylene
were
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
t
a
k
i
n
g
i
n
t
o
account
bag
volume,

ambient
temperature
and
barometric
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
.
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
devices
w
a
s
accomplished
by
a
t
t
a
c
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
r
a
n
bag
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
t
o
t
h
e
necessary
probe
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
chamber.
At
least
t
h
r
e
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
were
analyzed
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
allowing
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
t
o
enter
t
h
e
chamber
each
day
and
then
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
were
analyzed
a
t
approximately
2­
hr
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
throughout
t
h
e
day.

Two
completely
independent
systems
were
used
t
o
monitor
t
h
e
chamber
A
f
t
e
r
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
a
atmosphere.
I
n
both
c
a
s
e
s
,
a
i
r
w
a
s
withdrawn
from
t
h
e
chamber
through
1/
4"
I.
D.
polyethylene
tubes
at
approximately
7R/
min,
through
o
r
p
a
s
t
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
d
e
v
i
c
e
,
to
a
small
diaphragm
pump
which
discharged
back
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
chamber.

OOQO10
1
1
.

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C
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I
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d.
­6
­

A
Wilks
MIMN­
I
I
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
Analyzer
w
a
s
used
as
t
h
e
primary
moni­

t
o
r
i
n
g
and
chamber
concentration
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
device.
The
20­
m
c
e
l
l
w
a
s
operated
a
t
13.5,
1
9
.5
,
or
20
m
path­
length
and
t
h
e
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
i
o
n
band
a
t
12.65
P
w
i
t
h
a
2­
mm
s
l
i
t
w
a
s
used.

connected
t
o
a
s
t
r
i
p
­c
h
a
r
t
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
r
,
and
a
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
pen
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
a
t
recorder
w
a
s
conducted
t
o
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
o
g
­t
o
­d
i
g
i
t
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
of
a,
PDP­
12
(DEC)
computer.
The
computer
sampled
pen
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
each
sec,
averaged
t
h
o
s
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
every
30
sec,
recorded
the'

average
on
magnetic
t
a
p
e
,
and
using
the
b
e
s
t
­f
i
t
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
based
on
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
wrote
on
a
CRT
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
over
t
h
a
t
30­
sec
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
and
t
h
e
cumulative
o
r
time­
weighted
average
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
beginning
of
t
h
e
run.
Voltage
output
of
t
h
e
MIRAN­
I
w
a
s
A
gas
chromatograph
(GC)
was
used
as
t
h
e
"backup"
method­
of
chamber
The
Varian
Aerograph
Model
940
GC
was
equipped
w
i
t
h
a
a
i
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.

column
packed
w
i
t
h
Apiezon
L
on
Chromosorb
W,
60/
80
mesh,
operated
a
t
140"
C.

t
o
r
operated
a
t
270­
290"
C
.

chamber
a
i
r
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
GC
every
120
sec.
Output
of
the
GC
was
connected
t
o
a
s
t
r
i
p
­c
h
a
r
t
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
r
.
Peak­
height
v
a
l
u
e
s
read
nianually
were
t
r
a
n
s
­

formed
i
n
t
o
concentrations
based
on
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
t
h
a
t
had
been
analyzed
during
t
h
e
day
and
compared
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
obtained
using
t
h
e
i
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
spectrometer.
Concentrations
found
by
t
h
e
two
methods
were
i
n
agreement
throughout
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
Nitrogen
w
a
s
used
as
t
h
e
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
gas
t
o
a
hydrogen
flame
detec­

An
automatic
device
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
a
sample
of
Medical
Surveillance:

Each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
was
given
a
comprehensive
medical
examination
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
t
h
e
stu­
dy
and
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
exposure
day
of
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
These
exam­

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It:]
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J
,

000011
­7
­

i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
included
a
complete
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
and
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
examination
with
t
h
e
following
laboratory
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
:
complete
blood
count,
complete
panel
of
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
chemistries
(23
values
p
l
u
s
2
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
),
and
a
12­
lead
electrocardiogram
(EKG).
A
complete
blood
count
and
t
h
e
panel
of
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
chemistries
were
repeated
a
t
least
once
p
e
r
week
during
t
h
e
weekly
exposures.
P
r
i
o
r
t
o
each
d
a
y
`s
exposure
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
w
e
r
e
given
a
b
r
i
e
f
medical
examination
which
included
blood
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
,
temperature,

s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
i
g
n
s
o
r
symptoms,
and
u
r
i
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(Labstix
,
Ames).
During
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
t
h
a
t
they
were
i
n
t
h
e
environmental
chamber,
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
EKG
(lead­
11)
was
continuously
monitored
by
telemetry
and
recorded
a
t
hourly
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
.

personnel
while
they
were
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
R
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
under
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
a
l
s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
by
medical
Breath
Sample
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
and
Analysis:

Alveolar
b
r
e
a
t
h
samples
w
e
r
e
obtained
d
a
i
l
y
from
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
e
n
t
r
y
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
environmental
chamber,
immediately
upon
e
x
i
t
from
t
h
e
chamber,
and
a
t
t
h
e
following
t
i
m
e
s
a
f
t
e
r
e
x
i
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
chamber
(p
o
s
t
`
exposure):
15
and
30
min;
1,
2,
and
3
h
r
.
These
samples
were
each
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
5­
k
s
a
r
a
n
bags.
The
pre­
exposure
sample
from
t
h
e
following
morning
represented
t
h
e
15­
1/
2­,
20­,
o
r
22­
hr
p
o
s
t
exposure
sample
f
o
r
Group
I,
11,
o
r
111,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
Alveolar
b
r
e
a
t
h
samples
were
ob­

t
a
i
n
e
d
by
e
x
p
e
l
l
i
n
g
a
b
r
e
a
t
h
which
had
been
held
f
o
r
a
t
least
20
sec
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
s
a
r
a
n
bag
and
stoppering
t
h
e
bag
s
e
c
u
r
e
l
y
.
Sampling
of
t
h
e
b
r
e
a
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
bag
w
a
s
accomplished
by
puncturing
w
i
t
h
a
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
needle.

A
l
l
samples,
except
t
h
e
2­
and
3­
hr
p
o
s
t
exposure
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
,
were
analyzed
t
h
e
same
day
t
h
a
t
they
were
obtained.
The
2­
and
3­
hr
p
o
s
t
exposure
000012
f'
p
~
(i
."
%
P
L
­8
­

s
a
m
p
l
e
s
were
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
f
t
e
r
leaving
t
h
e
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
,
and
they
were
analyzed
t
h
e
following
day.

A
Varian
Aerograph
Model
900
gas
chromatograph
(GC)
equipped
w
i
t
h
a
hydrogen
flame
i
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
o
r
w
a
s
used
t
o
determine
p­
xylene
i
n
t
h
e
b
r
e
a
t
h
samples.
The
GC
w
a
s
f
i
t
t
e
d
with
a
s
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
steel
column,
5
f
t
x
1
/3
i
n
,
packed
with
10%
FFAP
on
Chromosorb
W
,
80/
100
mesh.
The
column
w
a
s
preconditioned
a
t
220"
C
overnight
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
use.

a
t
i
n
g
conditions
of
t
h
e
GC
were
as
follows:
carrier
gas
(n
i
t
r
o
g
e
n
)
flow
rate
of
40/
ml
p
e
r
min;
column
temperature
of
110"
C;
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
p
o
r
t
,

190"
C;
and
d
e
t
e
c
t
o
r
,
240"
C.
Both
hydrogen
and
a
i
r
flow
were
kept
a
t
20
p
s
i
g
.
The
sample
s
i
z
e
w
a
s
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
1
m
l
.
Standards
a
t
3
concentra­
The
oper­

t
i
o
n
s
t
o
bracket
t
h
e
unknown
levels
were
prepared
with
clean
a
i
r
as
d
i
l
u
e
n
t
.

r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
The
concentration
of
p­
xylene
i
n
t
h
e
A
s
i
n
g
l
e
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
from
t
h
e
s
a
r
a
n
bags
w
a
s
used
because
of
t
h
e
unknowns
w
a
s
obtained
by
d
i
r
e
c
t
comparison
of
peak
heights
t
o
t
h
e
standards.

method
was
0.05
ppm
with
an
accuracy
of
k
O
.1
ppm.
The
minimal
amount
of
p­
xylene
d
e
t
e
c
t
a
b
l
e
i
n
b
r
e
a
t
h
by
t
h
i
s
Blood
Sampling
and
p­
Xylene
Analysis
i
n
Blood:

Blood
samples
were
withdrawn
from
an
a
n
t
e
c
u
b
i
t
a
l
vein
of
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
on
Days
1
and
4
of
each
exposure
week.

obtained
pre­
exposure,
immediately
p
r
e
­e
x
i
t
from
t
h
e
chamber,
30
min,

and
60
min
p
o
s
t
exposure,
by
s
y
r
i
n
g
e
.

o
u
t
on
2
m
l
of
blood
t
h
a
t
was
introduced
immediately
upon
withdrawal
The
blood
samples
w
e
r
e
Analysis
of
p­
xylene
was
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
from
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
n
t
o
a
40
ml
saran­
lined­
capped
g
l
a
s
s
v
i
a
l
containing
1
m
l
aqueous
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
of
5
pprn
toluene
as
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
standard.
The
headspace
000013
­9
­

technique
w
a
s
then
employed
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.

e
q
u
i
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
room
temperature
for
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
1
h
r
,
1
m
l
of
t
h
e
head­

space
a
i
r
w
a
s
withdrawn
and
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
o
a
gas
chromatograph.
After
complete
mixing
and
Samples
were
analyzed
t
h
e
same
day
t
h
a
t
they
w
e
r
e
obtained.

A
Varian
Aerograph
Model
2700
ModulineR
gas
chromatograph
(GC)

equipped
w
i
t
h
a
hydrogen
flame
i
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
o
r
w
a
s
used
t
o
determine
t
h
e
p­
xylene
levels
i
n
t
h
e
blood.
The
GC
w
a
s
f
i
t
t
e
d
with
a
s
t
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
steel
column
3­
1/
2
f
t
x
1/
8
i
n
,
packed
w
i
t
h
25%
Apiezon
L
on
Chromosorb
W
,
45/
60
mesh.
The
column
was
preconditioned
at:
200"
C
overnight
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
i
t
s
use.

was
baked
a
t
200"
C
when
i
t
was
n
o
t
i
n
use.
Throughout
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
p­
xylene
i
n
blood,
t
h
e
column
The
operating
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
of
t
h
e
GC
were:
carrier
gas
(nitrogen}
flow
rate
of
45/
min;
column
tempera­

t
u
r
e
,
120"
C;
i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
p
o
r
t
,
235
C
;
and
d
e
t
e
c
t
o
r
,
250"
C
.
A
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
curve
(peak
height
r
a
t
i
o
of
p­
xylene
t
o
toluene
vs
concentration)
was
prepared
d
a
i
l
y
.
Samples
were
i
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
d
u
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
and
t
h
e
concentra­

t
i
o
n
of
p­
xylene
i
n
blood
w
a
s
obtained
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
from
t
h
e
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
curve.

while
t
h
e
accuracy
w
a
s
50.02
ppm.
The
d
e
t
e
c
t
a
b
l
e
l
i
m
i
t
of
p­
xylene
by
this
method
was
0.001
ppm
Analysis
of
p­
Xylene
i
n
S
a
l
i
v
a
Samples:

To
demonstrate
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
monitoring
of
another
compartmental
source
where
p­
xylene
might
be
s
t
o
r
e
d
,
a
c
u
r
s
o
r
y
study
of
p­
xylene
l
e
v
e
l
s
i
n
saliva
w
a
s
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
.

Two
m
l
of
saliva
were
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
a
35­
ml
saran­
lined­
capped
g
l
a
s
s
v
i
a
l
from
both
Group
I
male
and
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.
The
t
i
m
e
schedule
f
o
r
sample
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
included:
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
exposure,
immediately
upon
e
x
i
t
,

.
i
.*
i,
*
"$"
2,%
­8
:;:
00003.4
­1
0
­

15
and
30
min
post
exposure.
The
analysis
precedure
for
p­
xylene
in
saliva
was
identic­
a1
to
that
of
blood,
except
that
no
internal
standard
was
added.

Analysis
of
a
p­
Xylene
Metabolite
in
Urine:
Methyl
Hippuric
Acid:

Methyl
hippuric
acid
(p­
toluric
acid)
has
been
proposed
as
the
major
metabolite
of
p­
xylene
in
the
urine
of
humans
(3
9
4
)
.
Twenty­
four
,­
'

hr
urine
collections
were
made
by
all
subjects
on
Days
1
and
4
of
each
week.
Plastic
jars
placed
in
iced
foam
buckets
were
used.
Daily
excre­

tion
was
measured
prior
to
sampling
for
analysis
of
methyl
hippuric
acid.

A
colorimetric
method
developed
by
Tomukuni
and
Ogata(
5)
that
mea­

sures
total
hippuric
acids
was
adopted
with
modification
for
the
anal­

ysis.
A
Coleman
Junior
I1
A
Linear
Absorbance
Spectrophotometer
Model
6­
20A
was
used.
One
ml
of
urine
was
diluted
with
4
ml
of
distilled
water,
0.5
ml
of
this
diluted
urine
was
pipetted
into
a
glass
tube,

followed
by
0.5
ml
pyridine.
The
resulting
solution
was
well
mixed
*
before
introducing
a
0.2­
rnl
aliquot
of
benzenesulfonyl
chloride
(Aldrich
Chemical
Company).
An
orange
color
developed
immediately.
The
colored
solution
was
well
mixed
by
means
of
gentle
shaking
and
was
allowed
to
stand
at
room
temperature
for
30
min.
The
sample
was
then
diluted
to
5
ml
with
95%
ethanol.

read
against
a
95%
ethanol
blank
at
410
nm.
At
least
two
aqueous
stan­

dard
solutions,
e.
g.,
0.25
mg/
ml
and
0.5
mg/
ml
respectively,
were
used
to
bracket
the
unknown
concentrations.
All
samples
were
determined
in
The
concentration
of
hippuric
acids
in
urine
was
duplicate
with
an
accuracy
of
2
0.05
mg/
ml.
­11­

Neurological
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
:

Within
5
min
of
e
n
t
r
y
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
environmental
chamber
on
each
exposure
day,
and
w
i
t
h
i
n
10
min
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
e
x
i
t
,
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
performed
a
modified
Romberg
and
heel­
to­
toe
e
q
u
i
l
i
b
r
i
u
m
test
which
was
videotaped
f
o
r
later
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
f
necessary.

each
l
e
g
s
i
n
g
l
y
with
arms
at
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
f
o
r
a
minimum
of
3
sec,
and
walking
heel­
to­
toe
i
n
a
s
t
r
a
i
g
h
t
l
i
n
e
f
o
r
approximately
5
f
t
.
This
w
a
s
f
i
r
s
t
done
with
t
h
e
eyes
open
and
then
repeated
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
eyes
s.
hut.
The
test
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
d
of
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
upon
Spontaneous
electroencephalograms
(EEG)
and
v
i
s
u
a
l
evoked
responses
(VER)
were
recorded
4
t
i
m
e
s
each
on
Monday,
Wednesday,
and
Friday
on
Group
I
(7­
1/
2­
hr)
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.
Recordings
were
normally
made
once
during
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
h
r
and
3
t
i
m
e
s
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
f
i
f
t
h
h
r
of
exposure.
A
complete
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
and
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
EEG­
VER
monitoring
system
i
s
found
i
n
a
previous
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(6
)
from
t
h
i
s
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
.
Gold­
plated
s
i
l
v
e
r
d
i
s
k
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
were
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
on
t
h
e
s
c
a
l
p
according
t
o
a
modified
10­
20
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Electrode
System(
7).
Grass
EEG
paste
w
a
s
used
t
o
s
e
c
u
r
e
An
8­
channel
Grass
polygraph
f
i
t
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
2
,t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
c
a
l
p
.

EEG
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
s
w
a
s
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
f
o
r
recording.

f
o
r
15­
30
sec
b
e
f
o
r
e
,
d
u
r
i
n
g
,
and
15­
30
sec
a
f
t
e
r
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
VER.
EEG
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
w
a
s
recorded
The
EEG
recordings
were
analyzed
by
v
i
s
u
a
l
examination.

The
VER
was
recorded
from
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
a
t
t
h
e
i
n
i
o
n
,
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
l
e
f
t
ear.
An
EEG
channel
w
a
s
used
t
o
amplify
t
h
e
VERY
and
t
h
e
output
w
a
s
f
e
d
t
o
an
on­
line
averaging
computer
(Nuclear
Chicago,
7100).

The
VER
w
a
s
t
r
i
g
g
e
r
e
d
by
a
s
t
r
o
b
e
f
l
a
s
h
(3
psec)
a
t
t
h
e
rate
of
1
p
e
r
s
e
c
f
o
r
100
sec.

c
a
n
d
l
e
s
.a
t
1
m
from
t@
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
eyes,
which
were
c
l
o
s
e
d
throughout
t
h
e
The
s
t
r
o
b
e
w
a
s
operated
t
o
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
18
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
beam
"
%!
,i
f
.)C
`f
­1
2
­

period
of
s
t
r
o
b
e
f
l
a
s
h
i
n
g
.
Analysis
t
i
m
e
w
a
s
250
msec.
Flash
delay
from
t
h
e
synchronizing
pulse
which
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
computer
sweep
w
a
s
25
msec.
The
computer
averaged
t
h
e
response
t
o
t
h
e
100
f
l
a
s
h
e
s
,
and
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
a
n
t
VER
w
a
s
recorded
on
an
X­
Y
p
l
o
t
t
e
r
f
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.

It
has
been
shown
t
h
a
t
VER
amplitude
can
be
a
l
t
e
r
e
d
by
varying
l
e
v
e
l
s
of
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
c
o
r
t
i
c
a
l
desynchronization,
and
s
l
e
e
p
(8).

l
y
,
standardized
conditions
were
used
throughout
each
exposure
day,

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
immediately
preceding
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
recordings.

t
h
e
booth,
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
always
allowed
3­
5
min
t
o
achieve
a
relaxed
state,
and
then
immediately
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
n
g
the
s
t
r
o
b
e
f
l
a
s
h
,
i
n
an
attempt
t
o
standardize
"a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
,"
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
clapped
h
i
s
hands
5
times
slowly
and
f
o
r
c
i
b
l
y
.
According­

A
f
t
e
r
e
n
t
e
r
i
n
g
The
most
prominent
and
reproducible
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
s
of
the
VER
complex
are
the
3rd,
4
t
h
,
and
5
t
h
waves
(designation
by
Gastaut)
(9)
.
Our
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
was
thus
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
e
waves.

i
n
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
80­
120
msec
a
f
t
e
r
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
s
t
r
o
b
e
f
l
a
s
h
.
Wave
3
w
a
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
as
proceeding
Waves
4
and
5
were
the
succeeding
negative
and
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
segments
­o
f
t
h
e
VER.
Our
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
involved
1)
measuring
t
h
e
amplitude
of
t
h
e
s
e
waves
and
2)
measuring
whether
changes
had
occurred
i
n
latency
and
wave
form
of
t
h
e
VER
complex.
A
paired
t­
test
w
a
s
used
t
o
a
s
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
whether
t
h
e
amplitude
of
any
s
i
n
g
l
e
wave
of
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
d
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
during
p­
xylene
exposure
from
0­
ppm
exposure
conditions.
Furthermore,

each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
d
a
i
l
y
mean
t
o
t
a
l
amplitude
w
a
s
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
,
and
then
using
paired
t­
test,
analyses
of
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
,
,and
group
t­
test
methods,
t
h
e
O­
ppm
d
a
t
a
was
compared
with
t
h
e
p­
xylene
exposure
d
a
t
a
(technique
employed
by
(10)
F
o
r
s
t
e
r
e
t
a1
1.
­1
3­

Before
and
a
f
t
e
r
each
recording
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
h
e
equipment
w
a
s
C
a
l
i
­
i
1
b
r
a
t
e
d
as
a
system.
Ten
pv
square
waves,
100
msec
i
n
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
were
f
e
d
E
1
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
s
,
averaged
over
100
t
r
i
a
l
s
,
and
recorded.

i
t
k
I
Cardio­
Pulmonary
Function
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
:

b
Minute
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
was
measured
under
0­
ppm
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
and
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
p­
xylene
exposure
and
on
t
h
e
2nd
and
4
t
h
days
of
each
week
of
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene.
Measurements
were
made
while
i
n
t
h
e
s
i
t
t
i
n
g
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
during
t
h
e
last
one­
half
hour
of
exposure.

o
f
a
breathing
valve
w
a
s
connected
via
corrugated
tubing
(1
inch
I.
D.)

t
o
a
13
1L
spirometer
(W.
E.
C
o
l
l
i
n
s
).
A
f
t
e
r
approximately
5
min
b
r
e
a
t
h
i
n
g
on
t
h
e
v
a
l
v
e
,
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
was
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
f
o
r
3­
4
min
and
t
h
e
average
minute
volume
over
t
h
i
s
t
i
m
e
period
w
a
s
t
a
b
u
l
a
t
e
d
.
The
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
p
o
r
t
Measurements
designed
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
g
r
i
t
y
of
pulmonary
airways,
a
l
v
e
o
l
a
r
­c
a
p
i
l
l
a
r
y
gas
exchange,
and
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
of
pulmonary
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
and
h
e
a
r
t
rate
were
made
on
male
Group
I
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
only.

Three
maximum
and
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
forced
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
maneuvers
were
per­

.
formed
by
each
male
Group
I
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
under
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
between
t
h
e
The
components
of
t
h
e
a
)
i
n
series
5
t
h
and
6
t
h
exposure
hours
on
Day
5
of
each
week.

system
employed
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
forced
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
maneuvers
were:

a
mouthpiece,
a
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
tube,
a
heated
F
l
e
i
s
c
h
No.
3
Pneumotachograph,

and
a
water
spirometer,
and
b)
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
of
a
computer
system
f
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
i
.e
.
PDP­
12
mini­
computer,
o
s
c
i
l
l
o
s
c
o
p
e
,
t
e
l
e
t
y
p
e
,
etc.

I
n
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
,
under
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
v
i
t
a
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(VC)

and
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(FRC)
were
determined
on
t
h
e
water
spirometer.
For
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
maneuver,
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
n
sequence:
a)

J
,
'
*f
6)
06)
3)
13i8
.
.,*
'
1
4
*
,
­14­

breathed
q
u
i
e
t
l
y
on
t
h
e
system
f
o
r
3
o
r
4
b
r
e
a
t
h
s
,
b)
i
n
s
p
i
r
e
d
t
o
h
i
s
70%
VC
mark
on
t
h
e
spirometer
(based
on
FRC),
c)
expired
maximally,
d)

i
n
s
p
i
r
e
d
maximally,
and
f
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
e>
expired
maximally.
Step­
by­
step
software
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
t
h
e
acquired
flow­
time
d
a
t
a
included:
a
)
i
n
t
e
­

g
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
determine
volumes,
b)
generation
of
flow­
volume
curves,
and
c
)
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
and
p
r
i
n
t
o
u
t
of
such
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
as
t
o
t
a
l
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
volumes
(VC),
volume
expired
i
n
one
second
(FEV
),
and
flow
rates
a
t
40%
1
and
25%
of
v
i
t
a
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
f
o
r
both
t
h
e
maximum
and
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
.

It
i
s
important
t
o
n
o
t
e
t
h
a
t
i
n
our
system,
because
expired
flow
r
a
t
e
was
dependent
on
lung
volume,
necessary
adjustments
were
made
s
o
t
h
a
t
a
l
l
flow
rate
determinations
were
a
t
t
h
e
same
a
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
lung
volume.

Metabolic,
pulmonary,
c
a
r
d
i
a
c
,
and
hematologic
parameters
were
measured
on
Group
I
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
t
rest
and
during
two
levels
of
dynamic
muscular
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
between
t
h
e
5
t
h
and
7
t
h
hours
of
exposure
on
Day
4
of
each
week
(Day
2
of
Week
6
).
The
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
was
performed
on
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
ergometer
for
11
consecutive
min,
6
min
a
t
350
KPM
followed
by
5
min
a
t
750
KPM.

The
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
components
of
t
h
e
expired
gas
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
and
mea­
,

surement
system
were
a
b
r
e
a
t
h
i
n
g
v
a
l
v
e
,
corrugated
tubing,
a
Parkinson­

Cowan
gas
meter,
a
150­
R
Douglas
bag,
and
a
Hewlitt­
Packard
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
r
.

Minute
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
e
d
using
t
h
e
gas
meter
and
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
r
.

Expired
gas
w
a
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
Douglas
bag
f
o
r
1
min
a
t
rest
and
1
min
a
t
each
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
(between
4.5
and
5.5,
and
9.5
and
10.5
m
i
n
of
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
).
F
i
f
t
y
m
l
of
t
h
i
s
mixed
expired
a
i
r
w
a
s
s
t
o
r
e
d
i
n
a
g
l
a
s
s
syringe
and
subsequently
analyzed
f
o
r
[COz]
and
[0
2
]
using
a
Quintron
gas
chromatograph.

l
a
t
e
cpt$,
bcfJi%:
fate
and
r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
q
u
o
t
i
e
n
t
.
V
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
and
[CO,]
and
[0
]
were
used
t
o
calcu­
2
000019
­1
s
­

For
sampling
of
blood,
a
21­
gauge
needle
was
placed
in
a
s
u
p
e
r
­

f
i
c
i
a
l
d
o
r
s
a
l
hand
v
e
i
n
.
The
needle
w
a
s
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
t
o
a
tubing
stopcock
arrangement
whi.
ch
during
non­
sampling
periods
w
a
s
f
i
l
l
e
d
with
heparin­

i
z
e
d
s
a
l
i
n
e
.

approximately
42"
C
.
For
5
min
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
sampling,
t
h
e
e
n
t
i
r
e
hand
w
a
s
heated
t
o
This
procedure
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
"a
r
t
e
r
i
a
l
i
z
e
d
"
t
h
e
(11)
venous
blood
s
o
t
h
a
t
P
and
pH
were
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
l
y
i
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
t
o
arterial
.
co2
Three
t
o
5
m
l
of
blood
were
sampled
over
t
h
e
1­
min
period
of
expired
air
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
The
blood
w
a
s
analyzed
w
i
t
h
i
n
15
min
f
o
r
P
and
pH
w
i
t
h
co2
t
h
e
Radiometer
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
arrangement.

Alveolar­
capillary
gas
exchange
w
a
s
assessed
by
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
b
r
e
a
t
h
carbon
monoxide
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
o
n
technique(
12)
(DLCO).
Measurements
were
made
twice
on
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
t
rest
and
a
f
t
e
r
5.5
and
10.5
min
of
exercise.

The
previously
described
computerized
system
w
a
s
used
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
i
n
s
p
i
r
e
d
,
r
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
,
and
t
o
t
a
l
lung
volume
and
D
CO.
Neon
w
a
s
used
as
t
h
e
i
n
e
r
t
gas
t
o
measure
r
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
volume.
Neon
and
CO
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
L
t
h
e
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
a
l
v
e
o
l
a
r
sample
were
analyzed
using
a
Quintron
chroma­

tograph.

Heart
rate
w
a
s
measured
using
t
h
e
B
i
o
t
e
l
170
ECG
p
a
t
i
e
n
t
telemetry
system
developed
by
Spacelabs,
I
n
c
.
(Chatworth,
C
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
a
).
Heart
rate
w
a
s
measured
during
t
h
e
30­
sec
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
preceding
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
and
over
t
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
30­
sec
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
of
each
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
p
e
r
i
o
d
(350
and
750
KPM).

S
y
s
t
o
l
i
c
and
d
i
a
s
t
o
l
i
c
blood
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
were
measured
by
t
h
e
auscul­

t
a
t
o
r
y
method.
Measurements
were
made
at
rest
and
a
f
t
e
r
4
and
9
minutes
of
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
.
­10­

Cognitive
Tes
Ling:

A
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
of
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
tests
were
performed
i
n
a
group
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
by
t
h
e
male
Group
I
and
I1
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
on
days
1,
3,
and
5
of
each
week.
The
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
w
a
s
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
3
and
2
h
r
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
s
t
a
r
t
of
exposure
f
o
r
t
h
e
7­
112
and
3­
hr
groups,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.

performance
p
l
a
t
e
a
u
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
s
e
tests
w
e
r
e
used
during
exposures
t
o
p­

xylene.
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
t
o
a
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
sat
i
n
comfortable
c
h
a
i
r
s
a
t
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
carrels
t
o
perform
t
h
e
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
tests.

have
access
t
o
watches,
food,
s
o
f
t
d
r
i
n
k
s
,
r
a
d
i
o
s
,
etc.
during
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
.
A
l
l
i
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
commands
were
made
from
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
of
t
h
e
chamber
via
a
n
intercom
system.
The
tests,
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
of
performance,
are
described
below.
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
not
permitted
t
o
t
a
l
k
o
r
Ten
and
T
h
i
r
t
y
Second
Time
Estimation
Test:
Each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
,
upon
v
e
r
b
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
(ready,
begin)
depressed
a
hand­
held,
s
i
l
e
n
t
,
push­
button
micro­
switch
f
o
r
an
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
of
t
i
m
e
he
estimated
t
o
be
10
seconds.

This
w
a
s
repeated
two
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
i
m
e
s
,
and
then
t
h
r
e
e
30­
second
esti­

'
mates
were
made.
The
micro­
switches
were
connected
t
o
t
h
e
PDP­
12
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
computer
which
measured
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
.
This
test
took
approximately
3
min
t
o
perform.

Marquette
Time
Estimation
T
e
s
t
:
This
t
e
s
t
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
d
of
a
series
of
nine
tone
s
t
i
m
u
l
i
followed
by
nine
l
i
g
h
t
s
t
i
m
u
l
i
of
approximately
1,
3,

and
5
seconds
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
presented
i
n
a
random
sequence
b
u
t
always
w
i
t
h
t
h
r
e
e
s
t
i
m
u
l
i
of
each
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
.
A
t
t
h
e
termination
of
each
stimu­

Ius,
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
depressed
t
h
e
push­
button
f
o
r
t
h
a
t
interval
o
f
t
i
m
e
h
e
estimated
t
o
be
e
q
u
a
l
i
n
l
e
n
g
t
h
t
o
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
a
u
d
i
t
o
r
y
o
r
l
i
g
h
t
stimulus.,
A
d
e
t
a
i
l
e
d
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
test
and
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
~
&tr
;#
ipP
OQOO21
­17­

used
t
o
c
a
r
r
y
i
t
o
u
t
has
been
described
by
Stewart,
e
t
a1
(I3).
T
h
i
s
t
e
s
t
took
approximately
7
min
t
o
perform.

Coordination
Test:
This
test
w
a
s
t
h
e
Flanagan
Aptitude
Class­

i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Tests,
7A,
Coordination,
published
by
Science
Research
Assoc­

i
a
t
e
s
,
I
n
c
.,
259
East
Erie
Str,
eet,
Chicago,
I
l
l
i
n
o
i
s
.
This
test
asked
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
r
a
p
i
d
l
y
follow
a
s
p
i
r
a
l
pathway
with
a
p
e
n
c
i
l
.
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
allowed
40
s
e
c
t
o
complete
each
of
6
s
p
i
r
a
l
s
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
2
were
considered
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
and
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
4
were
scored
and
t
o
t
a
l
e
d
.
The
t
o
t
a
l
s
c
o
r
e
depended
upon
t
h
e
lon8est
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
a
t
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
each
s
p
i
r
a
l
minus
t
h
e
number
of
t
i
m
e
s
t
h
e
s
i
d
e
s
of
t
h
e
s
p
i
r
a
l
pathway
were
touched
with
t
h
e
p
e
n
c
i
l
.
This
test
took
approximately
5
min
t
o
perform.

Arithmetic
Test:
This
test,
which
measured
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
work
with
numbers,
was
divided
i
n
t
o
2
p
a
r
t
s
.
The
f
i
r
s
t
p
a
r
t
,
l
a
s
t
i
n
g
5
min,
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
d
of
simple
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
and
s
u
b
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
problems
while
t
h
e
second
p
a
r
t
,
l
a
s
t
i
n
g
3
min,
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
d
of
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
and
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
.

The
maximum
s
c
o
r
e
a
t
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
i
f
a
l
l
answers
were
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
w
a
s
140;

however,
no
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
completed
t
h
e
tests
i
n
t
h
e
a
l
l
o
t
t
e
d
t
i
m
e
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
minimize
memorization
of
answers,
10
randomly
generated
problem
tests
were
used.

Inspection
T
e
s
t
:
This
test
w
a
s
a
measure
of
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
s
p
o
t
t
h
e
number
"3"
i
n
rows
of
random
numbers
on
an
8­
1/
2"
x
11"

page.
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
asked
t
o
scan
each
row,
beginning
a
t
t
h
e
top
of
t
h
e
page,
and
s
l
a
s
h
o
u
t
with
a
r
e
d
p
e
n
c
i
l
each
"3"
encountered.
The
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
given
2
min
t
o
s
t
r
i
k
e
o
u
t
as
many
as
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
.
No
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
ever
f
i
n
i
s
h
e
d
t
h
e
entilee
page.

of
1
1
3
'
s
'
1
s
t
r
u
c
k
.
A
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
s
c
o
r
e
w
a
s
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
number
!

S
i
x
d
i
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
pages
with
random
numbers
were
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
d
­1
8
­

s
o
t
h
a
t
no
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
received
an
i
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
number
s
h
e
e
t
on
successive
tests.

S
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
Responses:

Each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
asked
t
o
n
o
t
e
on
an
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
i
z
e
d
form
any
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
responses
occurring
during
t
h
e
exposure
i
n
t
h
e
chamber
o
r
during
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
3
h
r
p
o
s
t
exposure.

headache,
nausea,
d
i
z
z
i
n
e
s
s
,
abdominal
p
a
i
n
,
eye,
nose,
t
h
r
o
a
t
irri­

t
a
t
i
o
n
,
o
t
h
e
r
,
and
odor,
and
columns
f
o
r
t
h
e
"immediate",
"l/
Z­
hr",
and
hourly
periods
of
t
i
m
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
f
t
e
r
.
The
a
d
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
"mild,
moderate,
and
strong"
appeared
on
t
h
e
s
h
e
e
t
as
cue
words,
and
t
h
e
phrase
"only
ab­

n
o
r
m
a
l
i
t
i
e
s
recorded"
was
prominently
typed
a
t
t
h
e
bottom.
The
home
telephone
numbers
of
each
of
t
h
e
Department
physicians
appeared
on
t
h
e
form
and
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
encouraged
t
o
phone
i
f
they
became
ill
w
h
i
l
e
away
from
t
h
e
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
.
The
form
contained
rows
f
o
r
n
o
t
i
n
g
000023
RESULTS
Exposure
Schedule:

The
exposure
schedule
for
volunteer
male
subjects
was
designed
in
a
manner
that
included
two
days
of
exposure
to
zero
ppm
concentration
(control)
of
p­
xylene
before
and
after
actual
exposure
to
the
vapor
of
the
chemical.
A
two­
day
weekend
separated
these
control
days
from
the
five­
day
per
week
actual
exposures.
A
s
is
customary
in
our
studies,
the
chamber
was
contaminated
with
an
odor
level
(approximately
10
ppm)
of
p­

xylene
when
Groups
I
and
I11
entered
the
environmental
chamber
on
the
two
control
days
at
the
end
of
the
study.
Within
10
min
the
p­
xylene
concentration
was
reduced
to
zero
ppm.
A
pre­
exposure
and
a
post­

exposure
control
day
were
also
carried
out
for
the
female
exposures,

with
initial
odor
contamination
on
the
post­
exposure
control
day
when
the
subjects
readily
recognized
the
odor
of
p­
xylene.

The
5­
day
weekly
sequence
of
male
subject
exposures
to
p­
xylene
vapor
began
with
the
TLV
concentration,
100
ppm,
at
a
steady
level,

dropped
to
20
ppm
steady
the
second
week,
was
increased
to
150
ppm
steady
the
third
week,
and
finished
with
five
days
at
100
ppm
fluctu­

ating
from
50
to
100
to
150
ppm.
The
female
subjects
were
exposed
to
4
100
ppm
steady
for
five
days.

centrations
were
within
two
percent
of
the
desired
concentrations
as
All
time­
weighted
average
exposure
con­

shown
in
Table
I.

Figure
I
demonstrates
the
planned
execution
of
the
fluctuating
Concentration
exposures
wherein
each
group
of
subjects
was
to
be
exposed
to
a
time­
weighted
average
of
100
ppm.
The
discrepancy
in
actual
..*
I
.
,
.;
.\$
i
.$
:i.
,;;
~

;
­.;,

800024
­2
0
­

exposure
concentrations
of
t
h
e
two
Group
111
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
(see
Table
I)

during
t
h
i
s
week
was
due
t
o
t
h
e
one
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
'
s
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
be
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
u
s
u
a
l
t
i
m
e
reserved
f
o
r
t
h
e
Group
I11
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.

Subjects:

Obtaining
and
r
e
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
e
n
v
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
r
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
for
each
study
(male,
female)
w
i
t
h
p­
xylene
proved
t
o
b
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
.
Although
t
e
n
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
passed
t
h
e
i
r
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
examination
f
o
r
each
s
t
u
d
y
,
one
in
each
study
decided
n
o
t
t
o
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
e
a
f
t
e
r
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
and
two
from
each
study
dropped
o
u
t
during
t
h
e
study.
None
of
t
h
e
drop­
outs
d
i
d
so
be­

cause
of
t
h
e
exposure
t
o
t
h
e
vapor
of
p­
xylene.
Because
t
h
e
study
w
i
t
h
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
w
a
s
of
longer
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
e
were
a
b
l
e
t
o
add
two
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
t
o
t
h
e
study
a
f
t
e
r
i
t
had
begun.
The
number
of
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
exposed
d
a
i
l
y
#

by
group
is
shown
i
n
Table
I.

Absenteeism
w
a
s
a
l
s
o
a
problem
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
i
t
h
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.

Again,
t
h
i
s
could
n
o
t
be
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
chemical,
t
h
e
u
s
u
a
l
excuse
being
a
personal
reason.

Cooperation
of
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
c
a
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
t
h
e
i
r
assigned
t
a
s
k
s
,
and
i
n
r
e
f
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
from
over­
indulgence
i
n
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
or
o
t
h
e
r
d
r
u
g
s
,
was
ex­

c
e
l
l
e
n
t
.
A
l
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
accepted
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
venipunctures,
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
Of
24­
hr
u
r
i
n
e
samples,
and
b
r
e
a
t
h
samples
w
i
t
h
equanimity.

Exposure
Chamber:

Because
of
t
h
e
low
odor
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
of
p­
xylene
(<
1
ppm),
i
t
w
a
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
d
e
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
vapor
when
i
t
escaped
from
t
h
e
environmental
chamber.
A
i
r
sampling
o
u
t
s
i
d
e
of
t
h
e
chamber
demonstrated
t
h
a
t
1­
3
ppm
­21
­

p­
xylene
contaminated
the
subject
lounge
occasionally.
Although
this
should
have
had
no
measurable
effect
upon
breath
sample
concentrations,

as
a
precaution
the
subjects
gave
their
pre­
exposure
breath
samples
in
the
uncontaminated
foyer
immediately
upon
entry
to
the
building.

The
large
size
of
the
environmental
chamber
(20
x
20
x
8
ft)
allowed
freedom
of
movement
and
sufficient
comfort
for
all
subjects
while
in
the
chamber.

Group
I
male
subjects
on
day
4
of
each
week,
were
sedentary
during
their
stay
in
the
chamber.
Residence
in
the
chamber
for
each
group
was
con­

tinuous
on
a
daily
basis.
During
the
periods
of
time
that
they
were
not
being
tested,
they
read,
played
cards,
watched
TV,
or
occupied
them­

selves
with
other
sedentary
activities.
The
subjects,
with
the
exception
of
the
11
min
of
exercise
by
Analysis
of
Exposure
Chamber
Atmosphere:

Use
of
the
infrared
analyzer
connected
to
the
computer
allowed
for
precise
control
of
the
chamber's
atmosphere
with
regard
to
p­
xylene
vapor
concentration.
As
shown
in
Table
I,
the
standard
deviation
of
continuous,
repeated
30­
sec
samples
during
the
weeks
of
steady
concen­

trations
was
never
more
than
three
ppm.

take
place
in
the
analyzer
cell,
however
response
to
changes
of
20
ppm
e­
xylene
concentration
of
standards
was
always
complete
in
three
min.
Damping
of
rapid
excursions
did
Agreement
between
the
two
assay
methods,
with
a
possible
variance
Of
up
to
five
percent,
continually
assured
the
avoidance
of
an
acciden­

tal
over­
exposure
of
the
subjects.
­22­

Medical
Surveillance:

Comprehensive
medical
examination
of
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
t
h
r
e
e
days
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene
r
e
v
e
a
l
e
d
t
h
a
t
a
l
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
i
n
good
h
e
a
l
t
h
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
study.
The
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
d
forms
(History­­
Appendix
11,
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
Examination­­
Appendix
111)
w
e
r
e
used
and
are
r
e
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
each
s
u
b
j
ect
'
s
personal
f
i
l
e
.

complete
blood
counts
revealed
t
h
e
u
s
u
a
l
number
(approximately
5%)
of
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
"out­
of­
normal
range"
v
a
l
u
e
s
;
however,
none
were
considered
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
exposure.

revealed
t
h
e
u
s
u
a
l
number
of
wintertime
c
o
l
d
s
.
Daily
u
r
i
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
by
t
h
e
d
i
p
­s
t
i
c
k
technique,
and
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
a
l
monitoring
of
EKG's
(lead­
11)
while
Weekly
blood
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
c
h
e
m
i
s
t
r
i
e
s
and
Daily
medical
s
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
i
n
t
h
e
environmental
chamber,
revealed
no
a
b
n
o
r
m
a
l
i
t
i
e
s
.

No
female
became
pregnant
while
a
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
n
t
h
i
s
study.

Breath
Analysis
:

p­
Xylene
concentration
i
n
b
r
e
a
t
h
samples
obtained
b
e
f
o
r
e
e
n
t
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
chamber,
upon
e
x
i
t
,
and
a
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
e
d
t
i
m
e
s
p
o
s
t
exposure
was
d
e
t
e
r
­

mined
by
gas
chromatography
and
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
as
ppm
(v/
v)
i
n
t
h
e
b
r
e
a
t
h
.
Group
means,
r
a
n
g
e
s
,
and
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
were
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
f
o
r
each
t
i
m
e
p
e
r
i
o
d
of
each
day.
The
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
a
l
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
are
l
i
s
t
e
d
i
n
Tables
I1
through
X
I
1
1
and
f
o
r
t
h
e
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
Tables
X
V
I
I
through
X
I
X
.
P
e
r
u
s
a
l
of
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
no
obvious
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
b
r
e
a
t
h
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
day
of
t
h
e
week,
and
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
weekly
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
each
group
w
a
s
pooled
f
o
r
Tables
X
I
V
,
XV,
and
XVT,
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g
7­
1/
2­,
3
­,
and
1­
hr
000027
­23­

exposures
of
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
,
while
Table
XX
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
poolcd
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
each
group
of
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.

breath
concentrations
as
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
e
x
i
t
e
d
t
h
e
chamber
and
before
b
r
e
a
t
h
i
n
g
OR
each
t
a
b
l
e
,
t
h
e
1
min
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
values
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
non­
contaminated
a
i
r
,
while
t
h
e
b
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
represent
concentrations
t
h
e
morning
following
t
h
e
exposure.

Breath
l
e
v
e
l
s
of
p­
xylene
upon
e
x
i
t
from
t
h
e
chamber
were
only
a
small
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
level
of
t
h
e
vapor
i
n
t
h
e
chamber.
A
t
20
ppm
exposure,
t
h
i
s
breath
level
averaged
5.1%
of
t
h
e
exposure
level,
a
t
100
pprn
i
t
averaged
5.7%,

and
a
t
150
ppm,
6.4%.
These
low
b
r
e
a
t
h
l
e
v
e
l
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
uptake
by
the
body
of
93
t
o
95%
o
f
t
h
e
inhaled
p­
xylene
vapor
from
t
h
e
a
l
v
e
o
l
a
r
spaces
of
t
h
e
lungs.

Blood
p­
Xylene
Concentrations:

The
concentrations
of
p­
Xylene
found
i
n
t
h
e
pre­
exposure,
p
r
e
­e
x
i
t
,

30­
min
p
o
s
t
,
and
1­
hr
p
o
s
t
exposure
blood
samples
obtained
on
Days
1
and
4
of
each
exposure
week
are
l
i
s
t
e
d
i
n
Tables
XXI
through
XXIV.

values
are
reported
i
n
ppm
on
a
w/
w
b
a
s
i
s
,
assuming
blood
t
o
have
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
g
r
a
v
i
t
y
of
1.0.
P
e
r
u
s
a
l
of
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
found
f
o
r
t
h
e
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
on
a
l
l
Day
1
pre­
exposure
blood
samples
reveals
0.0
t
o
0.8
ppm
p­
xylene.
It
is
f
e
l
t
t
h
a
t
many
of
t
h
e
high
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
found
on
Day
1
were
due
t
o
contamination,
because
from
0
.1
t
o
0.5
ppm
w
a
s
found
i
n
pre­

exposure
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
from
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
any
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene.
All
This
800028
1
:
was
n
o
t
t
r
u
e
of
samples
taken
from
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
on
Day
1
as
shown
i
n
Table
XXIV.
By
t
h
i
s
t
i
m
e
t
h
e
contamination
problem
had
been
s
o
l
v
e
d
,
and
t
h
e
pre­
exposure
values
found
f
o
r
Day
4
are
believed
t
o
be
real,
i
n
d
i
­

c
a
t
i
n
g
a
s
l
i
g
h
t
build­
up
of
p­
xylene
i
n
t
h
e
blood
of
a
l
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
upon
f
o
u
r
consecutive
days
of
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene.
Even
though
t
h
e
r
e
may
be
a
contamination
e
r
r
o
r
i
n
p­
xylene
blood
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
males,
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
r
e
v
e
a
l
s
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
between
exposure
concentration
and
blood
l
e
v
e
l
,
b
u
t
no
c
l
e
a
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
between
l
e
n
g
t
h
of
d
a
i
l
y
exposure
and
,,,
___

blood
level.
'\

Table
XXV
demonstrates
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
exercise
on
p­
xylene
blood
l
e
v
e
l
s
.
On
day
4
of
each
exposure
week,
Group
I
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
exercised
on
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
ergometers
f
o
r
a
s
h
o
r
t
t
i
m
e
(s
e
e
Cardiopulmonary
Function
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
).
A
r
t
e
r
i
o
l
i
z
e
d
venous
blood
w
a
s
obtained
from
a
c
a
t
h
e
t
e
r
i
n
the
back
of
t
h
e
hand,
and
a
l
i
q
u
o
t
s
were
analyzed
f
o
r
p­
xylene
i
n
t
h
e
same
manner
as
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
venous
blood
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
.
Average
concentrations
of
p­

xylene
i
n
t
h
e
blood
increased
two
t
o
t
h
r
e
e
f
o
l
d
during
11
min
of
mod­

erate
exercise.
­24­

S
a
l
i
v
a
p­
Xylene
Concentrations:

Analysis
of
s
a
l
i
v
a
samples
for
p­
xylene
revealed
concentrations
t
h
a
t
were
very
similar
t
o
t
h
e
concentrations
of
p­
xylene
i
n
blood
Sam­

p
l
e
s
obtained
a
t
approximately
t
h
e
same
t
i
m
e
.
Tables
XXVI
and
XXVII
l
i
s
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
of
saliva
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
Group
I
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
weeks
of
exposure
t
o
150
ppm
and
100
ppm
f
l
u
c
t
u
a
t
i
n
g
p­
xylene
vapor
concentrations,
while
Table
XXVIII
lists
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
from
Group
I
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
during
t
h
e
i
r
week
of
exposure
t
o
100
ppm
p­
xylene
vapor.
000029
.
;;>
;;
t!
f­:
z.
J
­2
5
­

Rather
wide
ranges
and
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
on
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
days
of
t
h
e
same
week
I
were
noted.
Again,
as
i
n
t
h
e
blood
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
,
low­
grade
contamination
of
t
h
e
head­
space,
or
imprecision
of
t
h
e
procedure,
may
have
contributed
t
o
t
h
e
s
c
a
t
t
e
r
of
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.

the
s
a
l
i
v
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
because,
c
o
n
t
r
a
r
y
t
o
t
h
e
blood
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
s
,
no
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
standard
w
a
s
used.
This
could
b
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
t
r
u
e
i
n
the
case
of
Urinary
Methyl
Hippuric
Acid
Concentrations:

Twenty­
four
h
r
u
r
i
n
e
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
w
e
r
e
analyzed
f
o
r
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
s
,

including
methyl
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
(p
­t
o
l
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
)
concentration,
on
Days
1
and
4
of
each
week.
Tables
XXIX
through
XXXII
list
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
values
f
o
r
each
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
,
n
o
t
i
n
g
both
t
h
e
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
mg/
ml,
and
t
h
e
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
d
a
i
l
y
e
x
c
r
e
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
/2
4
h
r
,
based
upon
t
h
e
measured
volume
of
u
r
i
n
e
excreted
i
n
24
h
r
.
From
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
obtained
i
t
i
s
apparent
t
h
a
t
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
s
e
x
c
r
e
t
i
o
n
i
s
extremely
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
due
t
o
t
h
e
presence
of
h
i
p
p
u
r
a
t
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
u
r
i
n
e
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
any
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene.

A
s
a
n
example
of
t
h
e
extreme
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
between
two
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
one
group,
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
264
and
265
e
x
c
r
e
t
e
d
4.90
and
0.69
g
of
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
s
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
d
u
r
i
n
g
Day
1
of
i
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
1­
hr
exposures
t
o
100
ppm
p­
xylene.
I
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
l
y
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
excreters
of
a
group
were
gen­

e
r
a
l
l
y
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
on
every
day,
and
conversely
t
h
e
lowest
w
a
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
always
lowest,
even
on
a
non­
exposure
day.

Neurological
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
:

No
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
n
e
u
r
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
b
n
o
r
m
a
l
i
t
i
e
s
occurred
during
t
h
e
exposures
of
t
h
e
s
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
t
o
p­
xylene.
Equilibrium
as
measured
sub­

4
`f
*,,Q
"*

Q``
­
i
3
..*

000030
­2
0
­

j
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
on
a
twice
d
a
i
l
y
b
a
s
i
s
by
t
h
e
modified
Romberg
test
and
heel­

to­
toe
test
remained
normal
a
t
a
l
l
t
i
m
e
s
.
EEG
recordings
were
analyzed
v
i
s
u
a
l
l
y
f
o
r
changes
from
t
h
e
normal
alpha
rhythm,
and
only
an
increased
incidence
of
l
a
r
g
e
amplitude
waves
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
l
t
a
frequency
range
(5­
8
hz)

were
noted.
Examples
of
EEG
recordings
made
during
0
ppm
exposures
p
r
i
o
r
t
o
a
c
t
u
a
l
exposure
and
some
showing
increased
d
e
l
t
a
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
during
exposures
t
o
100
ppm
p­
xylene
are
shown
i
n
Figures
2
through
9.

Although
a
l
l
Group
I
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
demonstrated
t
h
i
s
trend
t
o
increased
d
e
l
t
a
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
i
t
w
a
s
n
o
t
evident
i
n
any
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
during
every
exposure,
i
t
s
incidence
w
a
s
poorly
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
exposure
concentration,
and
some
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
admitted
t
h
a
t
they
were
drowsy
or
sleepy
during
some
EEG
re­

cordings
(condition
characterized
by
increased
d
e
l
t
a
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
).
How­

e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
e
abnormal
rhythms
were
n
o
t
noted
on
t
h
e
0
ppm
day
a
f
t
e
r
exposures
t
o
p­
xylene
were
complete.
The
general
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
VER
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
s
throughout
exposures
t
o
p­
xylene
vapor
is
demonstrated
i
n
Figure
10,
a
compilation
of
t
r
a
c
i
n
g
s
from
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
258
taken
from
days
b
e
f
o
r
e
,
during,
and
a
f
t
e
r
exposure
t
o
100
pprn
p­
xylene
vapor.

Tables
XXXIII
and
XXXIV
l
i
s
t
t
h
e
d
a
i
l
y
summed
amplitudes
and
t
h
e
means
of
t
h
e
weekly
exposures
f
o
r
t
h
e
3,
4
,
and
5
complex
of
t
h
e
VERs
f
o
r
a
l
l
Group
I
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.
Values
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
(p<
0.05)
from
pre­

exposure
by
t
h
e
p
a
i
r
e
d
t­
test
were
spurious
and
n
o
t
thought
t
o
be
re­

l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
breathing
of
a
i
r
w
i
t
h
p­
xylene
vapor
a
t
a
concentration
of
up
t
o
150
ppm.
I
Cardiopulmonary
Function
Studies
:

Pulmonary
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
(V
)
values
i
n
R
/m
i
n
(B.
T.
P.
S.,
body
tern­
E
Perapre
,and
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
,
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
e
d
)
are
l
i
s
t
e
d
f
o
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
*.*%.*
I
F
u
p
7
,.
y
p
00003i
­2
7
­

Table
XXXV.

u
a
l
s
,
probably
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
heightened
emotional
state;
however,
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
were
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
from
day
t
o
day.

females
were
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
lower
than
t
h
o
s
e
of
males,
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
gen­

e
r
a
l
l
y
lower
metabolic
rate
of
females.

expected
from
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
a
t
e
d
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
There
were
some
s
p
u
r
i
o
u
s
high
v
a
l
u
e
s
f
o
r
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
­

Also,
v
a
l
u
e
s
of
The
v
a
l
u
e
s
are
a
l
l
i
n
t
h
e
range
(14)
.

The
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
of
t
h
e
e
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
cardiopulmonary
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
.on
Day
4
of
each
week
on
t
h
e
Group
I,
m
a
l
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
are
given
i
n
Tables
XXXVI
through
XXXVIII.

rates
were
measured
t
h
r
e
e
times
each
day,
and
t
h
e
means
of
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
trials
were
used
t
o
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
d
a
i
l
y
means
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
Maximum
and
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
volumes
and
flow
(Table
XXXVI).
Table
XXXIX
demonstrates
t
h
e
within­
day
t
r
i
a
l
t
o
t
r
i
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
each
parameter,
and
except
for
t
h
e
flow
rates
during
maximum
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
t
r
i
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
was
less
than
5%.
Flow
rates
during
t
h
e
second
and
t
h
i
r
d
maximum
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
each
day
w
e
r
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
higher
(two­
tailed
t­
test)
than
the
f
i
r
s
t
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
(11
t
o
1
7
%).
One
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
explanation
of
t
h
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
s
t
h
a
t
,
with
t
h
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
r
e
s
i
d
u
a
l
bronchomotor
tone
w
a
s
a
l
l
e
v
i
a
t
e
d
.
Hence,

during
t
h
e
subsequent
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
e
flow
rates
were
increased
(15)

Taking
i
n
t
o
account
t
h
e
above
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
meaned
t
r
i
a
l
s
,
t
h
e
d
a
i
l
y
means
found
i
n
Table
XXXVI
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
no
decrement
i
n
e
x
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
volumes
and
flow
rates
due
t
o
t
h
e
p­
xylene
vapor.

,,

Metabolic
r
a
t
e
,
pulmonar,
y,
c
a
r
d
i
a
c
,
and
hematologic
d
a
t
a
as
ex­

Pressed
i
n
mean
v
a
l
u
e
s
of
f
o
u
r
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
t
rest
and
a
t
two
l
e
v
e
l
s
of
exercise
(work
1
=
350
KPM
f
o
r
6
min,
work
2
=
750
KPM
f
o
r
5
min)
during
Day
4
of
each
exposure
week
are
found
i
n
Tables
XXXVII
and
XXXVIII.
The
­2
8
­

results
demonstrate
that
there
was
no
consistent
effect
of
p­
xylene
vapor
on
mechanisms
regulating
pulmonary
ventilation,
alveolar­
capillary
gas
exchange,
metabolic
rate,
heart
rate,
peak
systolic
and
diastolic
blood
pressure,
and
arterial
acid­
base
status.
Alveolar­
capillary
gas
exchange
(I)
seemed
to
increase
with
p­
xylene
exposure
each
week,
but
the
increases
were
not
dose­
related,
and
the
mean
values
did
not
return
%o
to
pre­
exposure
values,
indicating
the
possibility
of
spuriously
low
.

pre­
exposure
values,
or
an
actual
prolonged
effect
of
p­
xylene
upon
this
parameter.

Cognitive
Testing:

Extensive
data
accumulated
from
the
battery
of
cognitive
tests
given
to
Group
I
and
I1
male
subjects
on
Days
1,
3
,
and
5
of
each
week.

The
daily
means
(­+
one
standard
deviation,
S.
D.)
of
the
test
results
vs.

the
day
performed,
along
with
bar
graphs
showing
the
concentration
of
p­

xylene,
were
graphed
for
rapid
visual
assessment.
Figures
11
through
20
contain
the
data
for
Group
I
subjects
while
Figures
21
through
30
are
for
Group
I1
subjects.
In
order
to
assess
the
significance
of
the
exposure
t
o
p­
xylene
on
test
results,
analysis
of
variance
for
the
Group
scores
were
made
for
the
parameters
measured
in
each
test.
There
were
insufficient
test
subjects
in
Group
I1
to
make
such
an
assessment
fea­

sible.
Results
of
the
analysis
of
variance
are
shown
in
Tables
XL
through
L.
Significant
variance
(p<
0.05),
other
than
that
attributed
to
learning
(linear
day
trend)
and
people,
was
noted
only
in
the
effect
of
P­
xylene
exposure
upon
the
Flanagan
coordination
test.
Figures
31
and
32
show
the
test
performance
means
(2
S.
D.)
versus
exposure
level
for
­2
9
­

Day's
and
Days
1
,3
,
and
5
combined,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
These
graphs
show
a
decrement
i
n
performance
a
t
t
h
e
150
ppm
exposure
l
e
v
e
l
.
Table
L
I
p
r
e
­

s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
d
a
i
l
y
test
s
c
o
r
e
s
throughout
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
and
i
t
can
,,,.;
t:
yl($
>­.

be
Seen
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
decrement
i
n
performance
a
t
150
ppm
i
s
due
almostrjy;.:.

wholly
t
o
one
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
(#
ll7).
This
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
had
been
ill,
consequently
a
b
s
e
n
t
,
on
Days
1
and
3
of
t
h
e
previous
week
during
t
h
e
20
ppm
exposure,

and
d
i
d
poorly
on
t
h
e
coordination
test
on
Day
5.
Therefore,
i
t
appears
t
h
a
t
h
i
s
poorer
than
normal
performance
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
exposures
t
o
150
ppm
could
have
been
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
h
i
s
i
l
l
n
e
s
s
.
A
second
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
(11248)
a
l
s
o
had
a
poorer
than
normal
performance
on
Day
3
of
t
h
i
s
week,
and
t
h
i
s
occurred
s
h
o
r
t
l
y
a
f
t
e
r
he
had
noted
eye
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
on
h
i
s
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
response
s
h
e
e
t
.
The
o
t
h
e
r
two
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
s
c
o
r
e
s
were
unaffected.
Un­

f
o
r
t
u
n
a
t
e
l
y
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
of
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
of
only
one
o
r
two
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
from
Group
I1
during
t
h
i
s
week
sheds
l
i
t
t
l
e
l
i
g
h
t
on
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
150
ppm
p­

xylene
on
t
h
i
s
test.
It
i
s
evident
from
t
h
e
Group
I
test
s
c
o
r
e
s
t
h
a
t
100
ppm,
s
t
e
a
d
y
o
r
f
l
u
c
t
u
a
t
i
n
g
,
had
no
d
e
t
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
upon
t
h
e
performance
of
t
h
i
s
test.
..
,
.~,
.,
..

;;,
j
.
*

'
.?
?,\

S
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
Responses:

S
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
responses
t
o
t
h
e
vapor
of
p­
xylene
are
summarized
i
n
Table
L
I
I
as
t
o
t
a
l
mentions
by
m
a
l
e
o
r
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
t
each
exposure
concentration.
Of
t
h
e
s
i
x
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
responses
from
t
h
e
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
,

only
ENT
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
appeared
t
o
be
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
concentration
of
p­

xylene,
and
t
h
i
s
w
a
s
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
because
one
7­
1/
2­
hr
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
who
wore
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
l
e
n
s
e
s
noted
eye
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
on
almost
a
d
a
i
l
y
b
a
s
i
s
,
and
he
w
a
s
j
o
i
n
e
d
by
one
o
t
h
e
r
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
w
i
c
e
a
t
100
ppm
and
3
t
i
m
e
s
a
t
150
ppm.
%
3
­3
0
­

There
w
a
s
no
v
i
s
i
b
l
e
reddening
of
t
h
e
eyes
o
r
conjunctiva
in
t
h
e
s
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.
No
male
3­
hr
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
ever
l
i
s
t
e
d
ENT
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
and
only
once
(a
t
150
ppm)
d
i
d
a
1­
hr
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
mention
i
t
.
I
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
l
y
,
ENT
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
a
l
s
o
mentioned
very
o
f
t
e
n
by
females
during
t
h
e
week
of
exposure
t
o
100
ppm
p­
xylene,
b
u
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
mentions
i
t
w
a
s
almost
always
nose
o
r
t
h
r
o
a
t
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
.
It
appears
t
h
a
t
p­
xylene
has
a
weakly
irri­

t
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
s
o
f
t
t
i
s
s
u
e
s
a
t
a
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
100
ppm,
and
may
.

p
a
r
t
i
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
e
t
h
e
eyes
of
persons
wearing
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
l
e
n
s
e
s
.

The
odor
of
p­
xylene
w
a
s
noted
by
a
l
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
upon
e
n
t
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
environmental
chamber
a
t
a
l
l
t
i
m
e
s
when
t
h
e
vapor
w
a
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
.
It
w
a
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
judged
t
o
be
moderate
i
n
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
t
a
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
100
ppm,
and
s
t
r
o
n
g
a
t
150
ppm,
upon
f
i
r
s
t
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
.
Usually
w
i
t
h
i
n
one
h
r
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
r
a
t
i
n
g
w
a
s
reduced
by
a
t
least
one
(s
t
r
o
n
g
t
o
moderate
t
o
mild
t
o
none).
No
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
complained
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
odor
w
a
s
completely
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
b
l
e
.
­3
1
­

DISCUSSION
The
Threshold
L
i
m
i
t
Value
(TLV)
of
100
ppm
f
o
r
t
h
e
mixed
xylene
isomers
w
a
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
due
t
o
eye
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
and
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
i
m
­

pairment
of
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
i
n
some
workers
a
t
200
ppm(
16).
The
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
described
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
tend
t
o
confirm
t
h
e
v
a
l
i
d
i
t
y
of
t
h
e
TLV
of
100
ppm
f
o
r
one
of
t
h
e
isomers,
p­
xylene.

exposed
t
o
vapor
concentrations
of
p­
xylene
t
h
a
t
bracketed
t
h
i
s
TLV,

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
20
and
150
ppm,
f
o
r
up
t
o
7­
1/
2
h
r
p
e
r
day,
f
i
v
e
days
p
e
r
week
f
o
r
one
week,
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
two
weeks
of
exposure
t
o
t
h
e
TLV.

Also,
female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
exposed
t
o
t
h
e
TLV
f
o
r
one
week
t
o
compare
t
h
e
i
r
responses
t
o
t
h
e
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.

comprehensive
study
of
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
responses
w
a
s
made
on
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
who
were
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
sedentary
during
t
h
e
exposure
p
e
r
i
o
d
s
.

d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
only
eye,
nose,
and/
or
t
h
r
o
a
t
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
could
be
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
'

r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
p­
xylene
exposure.

t
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
one
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
who
wore
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
lenses.

were
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
v
e
of
changes
a
t
100
and
150
ppm
exposure
l
e
v
e
l
s
were
changes
from
a
l
p
h
a
t
o
d
e
l
t
a
EEG
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
on
some
occasions
and
a
de­

crease
i
n
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
one
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
as
measured
by
t
h
e
Flanagan
Sedentary
m
a
l
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
It
must
b
e
pointed
o
u
t
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
Under
t
h
e
s
e
con­

E
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
eye
irri­

Other
responses
t
h
a
t
Coordination
test.

a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
without
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
t
o
p­
xylene
exposure.
Furthermore,
the
decrement
i
n
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
e
x
h
i
b
i
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
one
m
a
l
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
w
a
s
n
o
t
However,
n
e
i
t
h
e
r
of
t
h
e
s
e
changed
responses
could
be
.

2.
'

c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
a
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
d
e
l
t
a
EEG
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
.

There
is
a
d
e
a
r
t
h
of
r
e
c
e
n
t
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y
of
any
xylenes
i
n
man
o
r
animal.
Of
some
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
t
o
t
h
i
s
study
is
a
paper
­3
2
,­

by
Mikulski,
e
t
a
l
.
(I7)
wherein
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
s
concentration,

which
a
l
s
o
included
methyl
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
,
w
a
s
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
combined
toluene
and
xylene
exposure
i
n
s
h
i
p
'
s
p
a
i
n
t
e
r
s
.
The
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
between
t
o
t
a
l
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
concentration
and
exposure
l
e
v
e
l
s
somewhat
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
­

t
i
a
t
e
d
<lo0
ppm
from
>200
pprn
exposures,
though
t
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
considerable
overlap.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
a
decrease
i
n
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
amount
of
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
excreted.
They
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
t
h
i
s
decrease
t
o
t
h
e
"contribution
of
t
h
e
glycine
pool
t
o
t
h
e
e
x
c
r
e
t
i
o
n
of
toluene
and
xylene
metabolites."

s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
our
s
t
u
d
y
,
though
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
w
a
s
n
o
t
measured,
d
i
d
not
experience
a
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
blood
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
as
shown
i
n
Table
L
I
I
I
.

l
e
v
e
l
s
,
though
t
h
e
decreases
were
n
o
t
of
g
r
e
a
t
magnitude.
I
f
t
h
e
ex­

c
r
e
t
i
o
n
of
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
,
as
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
by
Mikulski,
e
t
al.,
is
i
n
f
a
c
t
decreased
upon
toluene
and
xylene
exposure,
our
d
a
t
a
would
support
t
h
e
theory
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
is
n
o
t
caused
by
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
r
e
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
of
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
i
n
t
h
e
blood,
b
u
t
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
y
by
a
decrease
i
n
t
h
e
formation
of
u
r
i
c
The
Almost
a
l
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
had
a
mild
decrease
i
n
blood
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
.
a
c
i
d
.
Glycine
i
s
a
precursor
of
endogenous
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
,
however,
i
t
seems
improbable
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
g
l
y
c
i
n
e
needed
f
o
r
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
e
x
c
r
e
t
i
o
n
would
decrease
t
h
e
l
a
r
g
e
g
l
y
c
i
n
e
pool
s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
t
o
cause
a
decrease
i
n
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
b
i
o
s
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
,
as
p
o
s
t
u
l
a
t
e
d
by
Mikulski
and
coworkers.
It
would
seem
more
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
h
a
t
a
n
as
y
e
t
unknown
mechanism
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
a
l
l
e
g
e
d
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
e
x
c
r
e
t
i
o
n
should
be
p
o
s
t
u
l
a
t
e
d
.

Moeschlin(
18)
i
n
h
i
s
review
of
poisoning
by
aromatic
hydrocarbons
lumps
benzene,
t
o
l
u
e
n
e
,
and
xylene
t
o
g
e
t
h
e
r
as
myelotoxic
a
g
e
n
t
s
,
though
i
n
none
of
h
i
s
examples
of
xylene
and
toluene
i
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
a
previous
­33­

exposure
t
o
benzene
excluded.
In
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
,
every
p­
xylene
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
was
assayed
f
o
r
benzene
t
o
e
n
t
i
r
e
l
y
prevent
any
benzene
exposure.

blood
p
i
c
t
u
r
e
of
all
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
who
were
r
e
p
e
a
t
e
d
l
y
exposed
t
o
p­
xylene
remained
normal.
The
white
blood
count
of
a
l
l
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
who
were
exposed
f
o
r
more
than
one
week
t
o
p­
xylene
vapor
are
l
i
s
t
e
d
i
n
Table
from
Moeschlin's
own
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
,
LIV.
I
n
a
more
r
e
c
e
n
t
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
w
i
t
h
r
a
b
b
i
t
s
convinced
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
p
u
r
e
xylene,
uncontami­

nated
w
i
t
h
benzene,
lacked
myelotoxicity.
The
(19)

(3
,4
)
Ogata
and
co­
workers
have
published
d
a
t
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
methyl
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
and
h
i
p
p
u
r
i
c
a
c
i
d
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
of
p
a
i
n
t
e
r
s
t
o
exposures
t
o
toluene
and
p­
xylene.
A
s
experienced
w
i
t
h
our
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
,

c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
of
u
r
i
n
a
r
y
m
e
t
a
b
o
l
i
t
e
e
x
c
r
e
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
exposure
w
a
s
only
v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e
as
a
g
r
o
s
s
measure
of
exposure.
Other
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
measures
t
h
a
t
w
e
found
t
o
b
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
as
gross
measures
of
exposure
were
p­
xylene
con­

c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
blood
and
i
n
s
a
l
i
v
a
.
Concentrations
of
t
h
e
chemical
i
n
both
of
t
h
e
s
e
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
f
l
u
i
d
s
were
measurable
by
gas
chromatography
of
headspace
samples
taken
from
an
enclosed
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
e
r
.
However,
contami­

n
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
a
problem
i
n
o
u
r
hands,
and
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
obtained
were
q
u
i
t
e
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
.
1
­3
4
­

Sedivec
and
Flek
(2"
'
21)
reported
on
the
absorption,
metabolism,
and
excretion
of
xylenes
in
man
in
papers
published
after
our
study
was
completed.
These
authors
developed
a
chromatographic
procedure
for
the
analysis
of
the
methyl
hippuric
acids
which
has
the
advantage
of
speci­

ficity
for
quantifying
the
metabolite
of
p­
xylene.
They
found
that
95.1%
of
the
p­
xylene
taken
up
by
the
body
was
excreted
in
the
urine
as
the
p­
toluric
acid,
and
only
0.05%
as
the
2,5­~
ylenol.
Most
of
the
remainder,
or
3.5%
was
primarily
excreted
in
the
breath.
These
authors
propose
(21)
the
measurement
of
toluric
acids
in
an
8­
or
24­
hr
urine
sample,
and
expression
of
the
results
in
mg
excreted
per
1
kg
of
body
weight,
as
the
most
suitable
measure
of
determining
the
magnitude
of
an
exposure.
They
suggest
a
range
Of
from
4.29
to
7.1
mg/
kg
as
acceptable
for
a
worker
doing
light
physical
work
for
an
8­
hr
day
while
exposed
to
the
Czechoslovakian
MAC
of
200
ug/
R
(46
ppm).

Our
reported
concentrations
of
p­
toluric
acids
excreted
for
a
24­
hr
period
including
exposure
cannot
be
favorably
compared
with
the
results
reported
by
Sedivec
and
Flek
(21)
because
our
colorimetric
procedure
was
.
not
as
specific
for
the
metabolite
of
p­
xylene
as
was
their
chromato­

graphic
procedure.
For
instance,
our
7­
1/
2­
hr
subjects
excreted
from
0.77
to
2.19
gm
of
methyl
hippuric
acid
during
exposures
to
20
ppm
p­

xylene,
while
they
report
a
range
of
0.46
to
0.85
gm
from
8­
hr
exposures
t
o
46
ppm.

employed
by
Sedivec
and
Flek"
')
It
is
reasonable
to
assume
that
the
more
specific
procedure
though
technically
more
difficult
to
carry
out,
would
result
in
lower,
and
more
consistent,
concentrations
of
metabolite.
.;
I
.<
%

800039
­35­

Another
apparent
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
noted
between
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
and
t
h
o
s
e
reported
by
Sedivec
and
Flek
(20)
is
t
h
a
t
of
p
o
s
t
exposure
b
r
e
a
t
h
concen­

t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
of
xylene.
Although
t
h
e
i
r
d
a
t
a
are
shown
f
o
r
only
one
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
who
w
a
s
exposed
t
o
86
ppm
of
m­
xylene
f
o
r
8
h
r
,
i
t
appears
from
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
t
h
a
t
they
were
obtaining
much
higher
b
r
e
a
t
h
'
levels
a
t
a
l
l
p
e
r
i
o
d
s
than
w
e
obtained
w
i
t
h
p­
xylene
a
t
100
ppm.
It
i
s
most
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
s
due
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
method
of
sampling.
Whereas
w
e
used
a
20­
second
b
r
e
a
t
h
holding
technique
and
measured
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
l
v
e
o
l
a
r
a
i
r
.s
a
m
p
l
e
s
,
they
simply
captured
a
sample
of
exhaled
a
i
r
and
measured
t
h
e
xylene
concentration.
The
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
p
o
i
n
t
s
o
u
t
t
h
e
neces­

s
i
t
y
of
d
e
f
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
procedure
when
recommending
b
r
e
a
t
h
sampling
as
a
t
o
o
l
f
o
r
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
exposures.

Upon
p
e
r
u
s
a
l
of
t
h
e
mean
p­
xylene
p
o
s
t
exposure
b
r
e
a
t
h
concentra­

t
i
o
n
s
i
n
Tables
XIV,
XV,
XVI,
and
XX
f
o
r
7­
1/
2­,
3­,
and
1­
hr
exposures
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
concentrations
of
p­
xylene
i
n
t
h
e
chamber
a
i
r
,
i
t
i
s
obvious
t
h
a
t
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
and
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
exposure
w
e
r
e
n
o
t
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
a
b
l
e
Although
t
h
e
b
r
e
a
t
h
concentrations
from
7­
1/
2­
hr
exposures
were
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
somewhat
higher
than
those
from
1­
hr
exposures,
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
were
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
s
m
a
l
l
and
t
h
e
r
e
was
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
overlap
i
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
s
.

The
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
between
7­
1/
2­
and
3­
hr
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
even
less,
w
i
t
h
means
from
t
h
e
latter
o
f
t
e
n
h
i
g
h
e
r
than
t
h
e
former.

t
o
n
o
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
same
p
i
c
t
u
r
e
is
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
comparison
of
blood
and
saliva
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
after
7­
1/
2­,
3­,
o
r
1­
hr
exposures
as
s
e
e
n
i
n
Tables
XXI
through
XXVIII.
It
i
s
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
Comparison
of
b
r
e
a
t
h
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
f
t
e
r
150­,
loo­,
o
r
20­
ppm
exposures
revealSa
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
b
e
t
t
e
r
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
of
b
r
e
a
t
h
t
o
exposure
::
;;
<>
G.
f­
fJ
Ir
QQW40.
;,
y,

3
­3
0
­

concentrations.
Figure
33
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
means
and
ranges
of
b
r
e
a
t
h
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
7­
1/
2­
hr
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
were
exposed
t
o
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
s
t
e
a
d
y
concentrations
on
a
weekly
b
a
s
i
s
.
Hand­
drawn
curves
repre­

s
e
n
t
t
h
e
b
r
e
a
t
h
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
decay
curves.

v
e
r
y
l
i
t
t
l
e
overlap
i
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
when
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
s
e
t
h
r
e
e
weeks
are
considered.

However,
when
t
h
e
values
from
t
h
e
week
of
100­
ppm
f
l
u
c
t
u
a
t
i
n
g
concentra­

t
i
o
n
s
(between
50
and
150
ppm
p­
xylene)
w
e
r
e
considered,
t
h
e
r
e
w
a
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
overlap
with
t
h
e
150­
ppm
week.

t
h
a
t
a
n
e
q
u
i
l
i
b
r
i
u
m
e
x
i
s
t
s
between
f
r
e
e
p­
xylene
and
e
i
t
h
e
r
bound
o
r
metabolized
product,
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
e
q
u
i
l
i
b
r
i
u
m
i
n
favor
of
t
h
e
bound
o
r
metabolized
product.

t
h
a
t
approximately
72%
of
t
h
e
xylenes
were
excreted
as
t
h
e
bound
metabo­
It
can
be
noted
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
These
d
a
t
a
seem
t
o
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
From
t
h
e
work
of
Sedivec
and
Flek
(20)
who
found
l
i
t
e
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
8
h
r
of
exposure,
i
t
is
probabLe
t
h
a
t
a
t
t
h
e
levels
of
exposure
s
t
u
d
i
e
d
a
m
e
t
a
b
o
l
i
t
e
of
p­
xylene
w
a
s
being
formed
almost
as
r
a
p
i
d
l
y
as
t
h
e
blood
could
c
a
r
r
y
t
h
e
f
r
e
e
chemical
t
o
t
h
e
l
i
v
e
r
.

metabolized
product
w
a
s
conjugated
w
i
t
h
g
l
y
c
i
n
e
,
i
t
w
a
s
being
e
x
c
r
e
t
e
d
r
a
p
i
d
l
y
by
t
h
e
kidneys.
Only
d
u
r
i
n
g
exercise
and
exposure
t
o
150
ppm
P­

xylene
d
i
d
t
h
e
blood
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
rise
d
r
a
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
as
shown
i
n
Table
XXV.
This
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
metabolic
mechanism,
plus
t
h
e
shunting
of
more
blood
away
from
t
h
e
l
i
v
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
musculature,
w
a
s
t
a
k
i
n
g
p
l
a
c
e
during
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
exposure
w
i
t
h
exercise.

Because
of
t
h
e
overlap
and
r
e
s
u
l
t
a
n
t
l
a
c
k
of
c
l
a
r
i
t
y
of
b
r
e
a
t
h
As
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
decay
curves
t
h
a
t
could
b
e
drawn
from
t
h
e
data
obtained,
and
because
of
t
h
e
r
a
p
i
d
drop
of
b
r
e
a
t
h
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
t
i
m
e
a
f
t
e
r
exposure,
b
a
r
graphs
of
means
and
ranges
of
p­
xylene
b
r
e
a
t
h
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
immediately
and
15
min
p
o
s
t
exposure
w
e
r
e
drawn
and
are
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
­37­

Figures
34
and
35,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
Female
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
gave
lower
b
r
e
a
t
h
p­
xylene
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
than
d
i
d
male
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
exposed
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
concentrations
of
p­
xylene.
I
n
n
e
i
t
h
e
r
male
nor
female
sedentary
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
exposed
f
o
r
7­
1/
2
h
r
p
e
r
day
f
o
r
f
i
v
e
consecutive
days
w
a
s
t
h
e
r
e
any
clear
c
u
t
evidence
of
d
e
l
e
t
e
r
i
o
u
s
response
t
o
100
ppm
of
p­
xylene.
Even
a
t
150
ppm
f
o
r
t
h
e
same
t
i
m
e
p
e
r
i
o
d
,
m
a
l
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
evidenced
no
d
e
l
e
t
e
r
­

i
o
u
s
responses,
w
i
t
h
only
a
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
metabolic
pathways
as
a
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
of
d
e
l
e
t
e
r
i
o
u
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
.
Because
of
t
h
e
need
f
o
r
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
simple
method
of
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
body
burden
of
p­
xylene
as
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
a
s
a
f
e
exposure
f
o
r
7­
1/
2
o
r
8
h
r
we
recommend
a
n
a
l
v
e
o
l
a
r
b
r
e
a
t
h
sample
be
obtained
e
x
a
c
t
l
y
15
minutes
a
f
t
e
r
termination
oY
t
h
e
exposure.

ppm
i
f
a
m
a
l
e
worker
and
no
more
than
3.5
ppm
i
f
a
female
worker.
I
f
The
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
p­
xylene
should
be
no
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
than
4.5
t
h
i
s
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
s
m
e
t
,
a
l
l
workers
should
b
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
from
any
d
e
l
e
t
e
r
i
o
u
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
of
p­
xylene
vapor
exposure.

000042
,
­3
8
­

li
E
F
E
R
ENC
E
S
1.
Greek,
B.
F.:
Polyester
Raw
Materials
Allow
F
i
b
e
r
Growth,
C&
EN,
p
.
11,

September
29,
1975
2.
Threshold
Limit
Values
f
o
r
1965,
American
Conference
of
Governmental
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
Hygienists,
Adopted
a
t
t
h
e
27th
Annual
Meeting,
Houston,
Texas,

May
2­
4,
1965.

3.
Ogata,
M.,
Tomokuni,
K
.,
and
Takatsuka,
Y
.:
Urinary
Excretion
of
Hippuric
Acid
and
­
m­
o
r
2­
Plethylhippuric
Acid
i
n
t
h
e
Urine
of
Persons
Exposed
t
o
Vapors
of
Toluene
and
­
m­
o
r
2­
Xylene
as
a
T
e
s
t
of
Exposure,

I
n
d
u
s
t
r
.
Med.,
­
27:
43­
50,
1970.
B
r
i
t
.
J.

4
.
Ogata,
P
i
.,
Takatsuka,
Y
.,
and
Tomokuni,
K.:
Excretion
of
Hippuric
Acid
and
5­
o
r
2­
Methylhippuric
Acid
i
n
t
h
e
Urine
of
Persons
Exposed
t
o
Vapors
of
Toluene
and
­
m­
o
r
E­
Xylene
i
n
an
Exposure
Chamber
and
i
n
WorksHops,

With
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
Reference
t
o
Repeated
Exposures,
B
r
i
t
.
J
.
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
.
Med.,

­
28~
382­
385,
1971.

5.
Tomokuni,
K.,
and
Ogata,
M.:
Jap.
J.
Ind.
Health,
14:
103,
1972.

6
.
Hosko,
M
.J
.:
The
E
f
f
e
c
t
of
Carbon
Monoxide
on
t
h
e
Visual
Evoked
Response
i
n
Man,
Arch.
Environ.
Health,
21:
174­
180,
1970.
­

7
.
J
a
s
p
e
r
,
H.
H.:
The
10­
20
Electrode
Systems
of
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Federation,

EEG
C
l
i
n
.
Neurophysiol.,
­
10:
371­
375,
1958.

8.
Bergamasco,
B.:
E
x
c
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
Cycle
of
t
h
e
V
i
s
u
a
l
Cortex
i
n
Normal
Subjects
During
Psychosensory
R
e
s
t
and
Cardiozolic
Activation,
Brain
­­
R
e
s
.,
2:
51­
60,
1966.

9.
Gastaut,
H
.,
and
Regis,
H
.:
Visually
Evoked
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
Recorded
T
r
a
n
s
c
r
a
n
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
Man,
in
P
r
o
c
t
e
r
,
L
.D
.,
and
Adez,
W.
R.
(e
d
s
.):
Symposium
000043
7
:'

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15'.

16.

17.
­3
9
­

on
the
Analysis
of
CNS
and
cu
Data
Using
Computer
Methods,
publication
SP­
72,
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration,
Washington,
D.
C.,

1964.

Forster,
H.
V.,
Soto,
R.
J.,
Dempsey,
J.
A.,
and
Hosko,
M
.J
.:
The
Effect
of
Sojourn
at
4300m
Altitude
on
the
Electroencephalogram
and
the
Visual
Evoked
Response,
J.
Appl.
Physiol.,
39:
109­
113,
1975.

Forster,
H.
V.,
Dempsey,
J.
A.,
Thomson,
J.
,
Vidruk,
E.,
and
do
Pico,
G.
A.
:

Estimation
of
Arterial
Po2,
Pco2,
pH,
and
Lactate
from
Arterialized
Venous
Blood,
J.
Appl.
Physiol.,
32:
134­
137,
1972.

Forster,
R.
E.:
Diffusion
of
Gases,
Handbook
of
Physiology,
Sec.
3,
V
O
l
.
1,

American
Physiological
Society,
Washington,
D.
C.,
1964,
pp.
839­
872.

Stewart,
R.
D.,
Peterson,
J.
E.,
Baretta,
E.
D.,
Bachand,
R.
T.,
Hosko,
M
.J
.,

and
Herrmann,
A.
A.:
Experimental
Human
Exposure
to
Carbon
Monoxide,
Arch.

Environ.
Health,
21:
154­
164,
1970.

Rasmussen,
B.,
and
Lammert,
0.:
Ventilation
and
Ventilatory
Responses
to
C02
During
Static
and
Dynamic
Exercise
at
Equal
Oxygen
Uptake,
Acta
Physiol.
Scand.,
In
Press.

Green,
M.,
and
Mead,
J.:
Time
Dependence
of
Flow­
Volume
Curves,
J.
Appl.

Physiol.,
37:
793­
797,
1974.

Documentation
of
the
Threshold
Limit
Values
for
Substances
in
Workroom
­
Air,
3rd
Edition,
American
Conference
of
Governmental
Industrial
Hygienists,

Cincinnati,
Ohio,
1971,
pp.
281­
282.

Mikulski,
P.
I.,
Wiglusz,
R.,
Bublewska,
A.,
and
Uselis,
J.:
Investigation
of
Exposure
of
Ship's
Painters
to
Organic
Solvents,
Brit.
J.
Industr.

Med.,
2:
450­
453,
1972.

000094
­40­

18.
Moeschlin,
J.:
Poisoning
Diagnosis
and
Treatment,
1st
American
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
,

Grune
&
S
t
r
a
t
t
o
n
,
New
York,
1965,
pp.
329­
345.

19.
Speck.
B
.,
and
Moeschlin,
S.:
[The
Action
of
Toluene,
Xylene,
Chlor­

amphenicol
and
T
h
i
o
u
r
a
c
i
l
on
t
h
e
Bone
Marrow.]
(German)
Schweiz.
Med.

Wschr.,
98:
1684­
1686,
1968.

Sedivec,
V
.,
and
Flek,
J.:

of
Xylenes
i
n
Man,
I
n
t
.
Arch.
Occup.
Environ.
H
l
t
h
.,
37:
205­
217,
1976.
20.
The
Absorption,
Metabolism,
and
Excretion
~
A
.

21.
I
b
i
d
.,
Exposure
T
e
s
t
f
o
r
Xylene,
219­
232.

(800045
TABLE
XLIX.

Analysis
of
Variance
for
the
Coordination
Test
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

­
SOURCE
OF
SUM
O
F
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
TOTAL
55
27841.84
D
A
Y
S
1
3
9
8
5
.4
3
­
LINEAR
­1
D
A
Y
TREND
C
INEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
34.99
233.29
0.60
c
34.99
~­

7
5
.8
0
233.29
11
743.16
67.56
1.27
OTHER
3
24784.13
8261.38
PEOPLE
RESIDUAL
39
2072.29
53.14
*
Significant
p
2
.OS
.
000046
TABLE
LIT.

SUBJECTIVE
RESPONSES
TO
p­
XYLENE
VAPOR
8
MALES
0
PPm
4
days
Headache
3
­
Nausea
0
Dizziness
3
Abdominal
Pain
0
Chest
Pain
0
ENT
Irritation
3
Other
0
20
PPm
5
days
100
ppm
5
days
(Mentions)

7
FEMALES
­_
I_

i
0
PPm
100
ppm
i
2
days
5
days
i
i
(Mentions)

Headache
1
8
Nausea
0
1
Di
z
zines
s
3
6
Abdominal
Pain
0
0
I
,

i
i
I
!
Chest
Pain
1
ENT
Irritation
5
Other
3
,
0
17
0
3
0
3
0
0
7
i.

2
100
ppm
(fluctuating)
5
days
150
ppm
5
days
3
1
b
1
0
0
8
'
.7.

2
000047
API'ENDCX
I
STATEMENT
OF
VOLUNTARY
CONSENT
FOR
RESEARCH
INVESTIGATION
OF
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
TO:

p­
XYLENE
I
1,
subject,
in
a
program
of
research
investigation
under
the
direction
and
,
hereby
agree
t
o
participate
as
a
of
Dr.
R.
D.
Stewart.

m
e
general
purpose
of
this
research
is
t
o
determine
r
a
t
e
s
of
uptake,
excretion
and
metabolism
of
p­
XYLENE
,

The
studies
have
been
described
to
m
e
and
the
known
r
i
s
k
s
involved
in
this
experimental
procedure
have
been
explained
t
o
me.
frequently
described
known
r
i
s
k
s
are:
I
understand
that
the
most
none
known
a
t
this
level
of
expo
s
u
r
e
.

Iunderstand
a
l
s
o
that
it
is
not
possible
t
o
identify
all
potential
r
i
s
k
s
in
experimental
procedures
which
involve
controlled
exposures
t
o
the
chemical
in
a
specially
designed
chamber.

I
further
understand
that
reasonable
precautions
and
safeguards
have
been
and
will.
be
taken
to
remove
and
reduce
both
the
known
and
the
potential
but
unknown
risks
and
to
provide
for
my
safety
and
comfort.

I
also
understand
that,
while
the
program
will
be
under
the
direction
and
super­
vision
of
Dr.
R.
D.
Stewart,
other
professional
persons
who
work
with
him
may
be
designated
to
assist
him
o
r
to
a
c
t
f
o
r
him,

Inview
of
those
considerations,
I
hereby
authorize
Dr.
R,
D.
Stewart
and
his
representatives
to
proceed
with
the
investigation
on
the
understanding
that
I
may
terminate
my
service
a
s
a
subject
in
this
research
at
any
time
I
so
desire.
Ialso
authorize
Dr.
R.
D.
Stewart
to
u
s
e
any
type
of
data',
pictures,
films
@tc.
for
use
in
any
scientific
report
o
r
publication.

Iarn
offering
my
service
freely,
in
consideration
of
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
actions
on
the
p
a
r
t
of
other
subjects
involved
in
like
voluntary
efforts
t
o
improve
our
society
through
r
e
8
ear
ch.
000048
W
i
~k
g
d
b
<j
20
Signed
Investigator
Subject
Date
I
*

r
%

.
I
.
I
­.+
000049
PART
2
DATE
<

z
t
+
GOUT
0
I
MEDICATION
­

IMMUNIZATIONS
RELIG.
ED.

VOCAT.
SMALLPOX
TETANUS
DIPTH.

MARITAL
POLIO
­2
INFLU.
Id
j
TYPH.

HABITS
SLEEP
COFFEE
CIG.
ALCOL.
MEAS.

WK.
HRS./
WK.

I
1
W/
H
0.
MELL
CA
I
ASTHMA
LARGE
IClFAtJ7S
STILLBORN
HAY
FEVER
F
TBC
EPILEPSY
i
I
1
li
HEART
INSANITY
'
=
NORMAL,
YES
0
ABSENT
EXAMINAIIUIV
DATE
I
B.
P.
P.
HT.
WT.
ST.
WT.

POSTURE
COLOR
TEXTURE
OISTRI8UTION
/
ICLEAN
ERUPTION
ALOPECIA
$LULL
/
PALSIES
EXPRESSION
LIPS
FACE
1
CERUMEN
TYM
MEME
WATCH
HEARD
TOPHI
/
EARS
R
L
DISCHARGE
OBSTRUCTION
PERFORATION
HOSE
MOUTH
/
BREATH
ULCERS
AE.
PIGMENTATION
_­

­
x
I
CARIOUS
0
ABSENT
R
E
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
L
R
E
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
L
TEETH
CLEAN
ADEQUATE
CHEWING
SURFACE
­
RETRACTION
PYORRHEA
GUMS
/

PROTRUDED
MIDLINE
TREMOR
ATROPHY
STATUS
ENLARGED
INJECTION
EXUDATE
TONGUE
­
TONSILS
PHARYNX
GAG
REFLEX
INJECTIDN
EXUDATE
I
COLOR
ARCUS
SENlLlS
PERRLA
NEOM
NY
STAGMUS
I
E
XOP
HTH
AL
L
I
D
LAG
PTOSIS
PERIORBITAL
EDEMA
VISION
NEAR
FAR
FIELDS
OPHTHAL
Dl
SC
H
GR.
A
CR.
TONOMETER
EYES
R
L
R
L
V
O
I
~~R
M
A
C
R
L
MIDLINE
TUG
,
TRACHEA
LARYNX
NECK
$PINE
THORAX
PALP
ABL
E
STI
F
FN
ESS
NODES
VEINS
CAROTID
THYROIO
TENDERNESS
RIGIDITY
AB.
CURVATURE
SYMMETRICAL
CVA
TENDERNESS
STERNAL
TENDERNESS
RATE
REGULAR
DEPTH
SYMMETRICAL
FORCED
RESPlRA
COUGH
SPUTUM
PERCUSSION
RESONANT
BREATH
SOUNDS
VESICULAR
LUNGS
TACTILE
FREMITUS
VOICE
SOUNDS
RALES
t
k
HEAVE
SHOCK
THRILL
TO
L.
OF
M.
C.
L.

I.
C.
S.
E.
C.
D.
EXTENDS
Chi.
TO
L.
OF
M.
S.
L.
HEART
APEX
IMPULSE
PALPABLE
IN­
I.
C.
5.
CM.
FROM
M.
PL.

SOUNDS
A2
p
2
M1
M2
RHYTHM
MURMUR
SIZE
NORMAL
TENDERNESS
MASSES
­
ASCITES
SYMMETRICAL
DILATE0
VEINS
PALPABLE
LIVER
SPLEEN
KIDNEY
MASSES
D
DO
MEN
TENDERNESS
RIGIDITY
SOUNDS
HERNIA
\

DISCHARGE
SKIN
LESION
TESTES
LENIT.

PELVIC
­
I
44MS
RAD1
AL
PULSE
TREMOR
CLUBBING
CYANOSIS
JOINTS
;KIN
?ECTAL
'ROSTATE
.(
EURO­

[UNOERLINE
I
F
NORMAL.
OTHERWISE
ENCIRCLE
AND
CHART)
JOINT
SENSE
TOUCH
PAIN
STEREOGNOSIS
TEMPERATURE
TRACE0
FIGURES
DEEP
PAIN
TWO
POINT
VIBRATION
#

AB.
PIGMENTATION
­i
ERUPTION
ODLOR
JAUNDICE
HEMORRHOIDS
.
im
COLOR
FECES
MASSES
TENDERNESS
­­
4
MASS
­I
4
ENLARGED
TENDER
/

TOUCH.
ARABIC;
PAIN.
ARABIC
IN
CIRCLE;
TEMP.
~
ROMAN
R
PROGRAM:

1
000053
­­_...
..
,
A­
465
(3
)
(11/
71)
TABLE
I
p­
XYLENE
EXPOSURE
SCHEDULE
ACTUAL
TIME­
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
VAPOR
CONCENTRATION,
PPM
'
Desired
Conc
.
of
Week
Group
I,
7­
1/
2
h
r
Group
11,
3
h
r
Group
111,
1
h
r
PPM
ek
Day
No.
of
No.
of
No.
of
Subj.
Mean
2S.
D.
Subj.
Mean
+S.
D.
Subj.
Mean
fS.
D.
/­­

FEMALE
000054
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
­_

1
100
3
100
2
2
99
1
2
99
1
2
100
3
99
1
2
98
1
2
98
1
3
100
3
100
1
2
1
2
99
2
4
1
,
.
'10­
0
­1
:,!
3
100
1
2
1
2
99
1
100
100
1
3
100
1
2
99
1
2
99
5
100
0
­­
0
3
0
2
­_
1_
0
­
2
­­
TABLE
I1
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATII
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
MALES
Exposure
T
i
m
e
:
7­
1/
2
Hours
­
Chainber
Concentration:
100
PPm
GROUP
I
Time
­

Fay
I:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
1
c
11
11
11
J­
2
I1
11
II
11
I
t
li
11
30
'I
1
hour
2
3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
Day
2
:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
exit
II
11
15
'I
II
11
11
11
II
I
1
11
30
'I
1
hour
2
I'

3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
Day
3:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
1
I
t
15
'I'
I
1
11
I1
11
11
11
I1
30.
1
hour
2
I'

3
Baseline
Day
4
:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
1
'
I
1
11
I1
I
1
II
11
I
t
I
t
15
If
30
'I
1
h
o
u
r
I'

2
If
3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
Day>:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
exit
15
'
'
11.
L
2
9rg
&
11
1
f
I
t
30
'I
I
1
I
1
11
11
11
1
hour
'I
2
3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
.'
Mean
(i
n
p
p
d
6.25
1.98
1.69
1.15
0.40
0,30
0.20
3.91
1.56
1.28
0
.9
1
0.75
0.48
0.30
4.78
1.90
1.05
0.68
0.44
0
.4
1
0.20
5.08
2.34
1
.8
1
1.33
1.02
0.63
0.30
4.99
0.99
0.70
0.56
0.65
0.36
0.19
5
'<
Range
(i
n
ppm)

5.90
­
6.90
1
.8
0
­
2.20
1.58
­
1
.8
0
1.00
­
1
.3
0
0.22
­
0.59
0.18
­
0.39
0.13
­
0.26
2.93
­
4.98
1
,5
1
­
1.57
1.12
­
1.33
0.84
­
1.05
0.70
­
0.80
0.40
­
0.50
0.20
­
0.40
3.40
­
6.50
1.80
­
2.20
0.90
­
1.50
0.60
­
0.80
0.40
­
0.55
0.38
­
0.50
0.20
3.70
­
5.70
2.02
­
2.90
1.65
­
2.02
1.20
­
1.50
0.81
­
1.38
0.40
­
0
.7
0
0.22
­
0
.3
8
3
.2
2
­
8
.1
1
0.95
­
1.00
0.61
­
0.95
0.51
­
0
.6
1
0.60
­
0
.8
1
0.30
­
0.45
0.10
­
0.30
Standard
5
Deviation
0.47
0.17
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.09
0.08
0.92
0.03
0.11
0.10
0.06
0.05
0.08
1.28
0.20
0.30
0.10
0.08
0.06
0
0.93
0.40
0.19
0.13
0.25
0.15
0.07
2.23
0.03
0.17
0.06
0.11
0.08
0.09
Number
of
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
4
4
.4
4
4
'
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
000055
TABLE
111
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
MALES
Exposure
Time
:
3
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
T
i
m
e
­
e:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
exit
11
I
1
11
11
11
I
1
11
I
t
I
1
15
30
I'

1
hour
2
I'

3
Bas
e
line
Day
2:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
exit
11
11
I
1
11
I
t
I1
I1
11
I
t
15
I'

30
1
hour
2
I
t
3
Baseline
Day
3:
1
min.,
post
exit
'1
c
I
t
11
I
1
I
t
11
I
t
I
f
11
11
11
30
1
hour
2
'!
3
j
Baseline
Day
4:
1
min.,
post
exit
I
t
I
t
15
I1
I1
I
t
11'
11
I
t
11
30
I'

1
hour
'I
2
3
Baseline
u:
1
min.,
post
exit
(1
I1
I1
I
t
11
I
1
I
1
11
(1
30
1
hour
2
I'

3
Baseline
Mean
(in
ppm)

7.65
3.25
2.40
1.65
0.38
0.30
0.13
5.87
1.84
1.23
0.77
0.40
0.20
0.20
7.40
2.30
1.25
0.90
0.70
0.60
0.16
9.25
2.43
1.73
1.25
0.67
0.53
0.30
7.60
1.73
1
.3
1
0.90
0.60
0.38
0.10
GROUP
I1
Range
(in
ppm)

6.90
­
8.40
3.10
­
3.40
1.50
­
1.80
0.21
­
0.54
0.12
­
0.47
2.40
0.13
4.64
­
7.09
1.68
­
2.00
1.10
­
1.35
0.77
­
0.20
­
0.60
0.20
0.20
5.50
­
9.30
1.70
­
2.90
1
.2
0
­
1.30
0.80
­
1.00
0.70
0.60
0.12
­
0.20
7.30
­11.20
2.30
­
2.55
1
.5
0
­
1.95
1.05
­
1.45
0.60
­
0.74
0.45
­
2.60
0.30
5.70
­
9.50
1.55
­
1
.9
1
0.91
­
1
.7
1
0.72
­
1
.0
8
0.60
0.30
­
0.45
0.10
Standard
*Deviation
1.06
0
.2
1
0
0
.2
1
0.23
0.25
0
1
.7
3
0.23
0.18
­0
0.28
0
0
2.69
0.85
0.07
0.14
­
­
0.06
2.76
0.18
0.32
0.28
0.10
0.11
0
2.69
0.25
0.57
0.25
0
0.11
­
Number
of
Subjects
2
.2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
\
1
0010056
TABLE
IV
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
DAILY
SEDENTARY
MALES
1
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
100
P
P
~
Exposure
Time
:

I11
GROUP
Number
of
Subjects
Mean
(in
ppm)

3.80
1.85
1.20
0.75
0.22
0.11
0.13
1.47
1.33
0.52
0.45
­
­
0.20
Standard
­
+Deviation
Range
(i
n
ppm)

3.60
­
4.00
1.80
­
1.90
1.00
­
1.40
0.70
­
0.80
0.22
0.11
0.13
Time
Day
1:
1
min.,
post
exit
1
E
11
I
1
I
1
0.28
0.07
0.28
0.07
2
.2
2
2
1
1
1
IJ
I
1
I
1
11
I
1
11
11
I
1
30
1
hour
2
3
Baseline
Day
2:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
exit
I
1
t
I
11
11
I1
I
1
I1
11
I1
15
30
I'

1
hour
2
3
Baseline
1.47
1.33
0.52
0.45
­
0.20
1
1
1
1
I
I
!

1
.
i
I
Day
3:
1
min.,
post
exit
II
11
I
t
11
11
11
I
1
11
II
15
'I
30
1
hour
If
2
3
'
Baseline
2.60
1.10
0.80
0.60
0.58
0.28
0.12
4.00
1.50
1.05
0.80
0.40
0.40
0.10
3.82
1.47
0.82
0.61
0.60
0.15
0.10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2.60
1.10
0.80
0.60
0.58
0.28
0.12
Day
4
:
1
min.,
post
exit
11
I1
I
1
11
11
I
t
11
I
1
I
1
15
30
''
1
hour
I
t
2
3
Baseline
4.00
1.50
1.05
0.80
0.40
0.40
0.10
_Day
5
:
1
min.,
post
exit
I1
I
t
11
t
t
11
11
11
11
II
15
I
'

30
I'

1
hour
"

2
If
3
I'

Baseline
3.82
1.47
0.82
0.61
0.60
0.15
0.10
1
1
1
1
I
1
­1
000057
TABLE
V
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
Exposure
Time:
7
1
/2
Hours
­
Chamber
C
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
20
ppm
GROUP
I
Number
of
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
Rang
e
(in
ppm)
Standard
­
+
D
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Time
­
e:
1
rnin.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
I1
I
1
15
"

30
"

1
hour
2
3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
1.37
0.49
0
.3
1
0.20
0.12
0.08
0.05
1.20
­
1.68
0.43
­
0.53
0.16
­
0.22
0.05
­
0.16
0.05
­
0.12
0.05
0.31
0.27
0.05
0
0.03
0.06
0.04
0
Day
2:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
1
11
15
I'
0.89
0.30
0.17
0.14
0.12
0.05
0
0.83
­
0.93
eO.
22
­
0.41
0.15
­
0.18
0.12
­
0.15
0.11
­
0.13
0.05
0
0.05
0.09
0.02
0.02
0.01
0
0
11
11
11
11
11
I1
11
30
1
hour
2
3
l1
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
Day:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
11
15
l1
0.65
0.37
0.27
0.27
0.21
0.14
0.08
0.62
­
0.70
0.36
­
0.40
0.26
­
0.30
0.24
­
0.30
0.19
­
0.25
0.12
­
0.15
0.05
­
0.10
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
3'
3
3
3
3
3
4
.
I
1
11
11
30
"

1
hour
.
2
3
I
j
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
I1
11.

11
11
Day
4
:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
1
5
"
11
I
t
1.16
0.49
0.31
0.18
0.17
0.03
0.10
1.00
­
1.30
0.48
­
0.50
0.21
­
0.40
0.15
­
0.24
0.14
­
0.24
0.08
­
0.10
0.02
­
0.05
0.13
0.01
0.08
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.02
11
11
11
I
1
11
11
11
30
l1
1
h
o
u
r
'
2
3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
+:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
e
x
i
t
15
I1
II
30
"
11
11
1
h
o
u
r
"
11
2
3
l1
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
11
11
11
11
0.90
0.70
­
1.05
0.16
4
0.32
0.26
­
0.41
0.06
4
0.27
0.21
­
0.36
0.07
4
0.22
0.19
­
0.31
0.06
4
0.25
0.19
­
0.34
0.07
3
0.15
,0.10
­
0.20
0.06
4
0.05
0.05
­
0.06
0.01
4
000058
TABLE
V
I
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
E
U
E
S
Exposure
Time:
3
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
20
ppm
T
i
m
e
­
e:
1
rnin.,
post
e
x
i
t
1
hour
'I
2
l1
3
Baseline
I
1
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
15
I
t
30
lay:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
I
1
11
11
11
15
I'

30
I
'

1
hour
2
1s
11
11
3
Baseline
11
11
G3:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
I
1
11
11
11
I
1
I
1
11
I
1
11
15
30
I'

1
hour
2
,3
Baseline
11
c:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
I
1
11
11
15
30
1
hour
11
2
3
Baseline
I
1
I
1
11
11
CQ:
1
rnin.,
post
e
x
i
t
15
I'
11
11
30
''
11
I
t
1
hour
11
2
3
Baseline
11
11
I1
11
Me
an
(in
p
p
d
1.45
0.34
0.28
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.05
1.55
0.31
0
.2
1
,
0.12
0.11
0.05
0
0.74
0.49
0.33
0.24
0.20
0.12
0.05
1.11
0.50
0.24
0.18
0.11
0.07
0.02
1.10
0.28
0.19
0.12
0.13
0.09
0
8
4.

1
>.
1.36
­
1.54
0.31
­
0.36
0.25
­
0.31
0.16
­
0.23
0.16
0.12
0.05
1.55
­0.31
0.21
0.12
0
.1
1
0.05
0
0.70
­
0.77
0.47
­
0.50
0.30
­
0.36
0.22
­
0.25
0.19
­
0.20
0.12
0.05
1.00
­
1.22
0.50
0.22
­
0.25
0.16
­
0.20
0.10
­
0.12
0.05
­
0.09
0.02
0.85
­
1.35
0.25
­
0.31
0.17
­
0.20
0.11
­
0.12
0.12
­
0.14
0.08
­
0.10
0
Standard
2
Deviation
0.13
0.04
0.04
0.05
­
­
­

­
­
­
­
­
­
­

0.05
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.01
0
0
0.16
0
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.03
0
0.35
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
­
Number
of
Subjects
.2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
000059
TABLE
V
I
1
DAILY
p­
X
YLENE
BREATH
CONCENTMTIOM
OF
SEDENTARY
MALES
Exposure
T
i
m
e
:
1
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
20
PPm
GROW
111
Mean
(in
p
p
d
d:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
1.31
0.36
0.24
0.16
1
hour
I'

0.14
2
0.11
3
Baseline
0.05
11
I1
I
I
I1
11
I
1
I1
I
I
11
15
30
I'

iay:
1
n
i
n
.,
post
e
x
i
t
1.00
0.26
I
1
I
I
15
­.
~­

'I
0.15
0.09
30
I
t
1
hour
I
t
0.05
0
2
I
t
3
Baseline
0
I
I
It
I
t
I
I
II
(I
lay:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
0.63
15
I'
11
I
I
.
0.32
II
I
t
0.27
I
I
0.23
1
hour
I'

I
I
I1
0.12
11
I
t
0.12
2
3
It
Baseline
0.05
30
If
­4:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
1.00
0.30
0.18
1
hour
'I
'I
0.14
2
I1
I
I
0.10
3
It
I
1
I
t
0.08
Baseline
0
I
t
I
1
I
t
I
I
15
I'

30
It
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
0.95
0.19
0.16
0.09
1
hour
'I
0.09
0.07
2
I
t
3
If
Baseline
0.02
I
I
11
I
1
I1
11
I
I
l
t
II
11
15
.

30
Range
(i
n
ppm)

0.90
­
1.71
0.22
­
0.50
0.17
­
0.30
0.10
­
0.21
0.10
­
0.18
0.10
­
0.11
0
­05
0.85
­
1.15
­0.20
­
0.29
0.12
­
0.17
0.08
­
0.10
0.05
0
0
0.54
­
0.70
0.30
­
0.36
0.25
­
0.30
0.22
­
0.25
0.10
­
0.15
0.08
­
0.18
0.05
1.00
0.19
­
0.41
0.15
­
0.19
0.12
­
0.15
0.08
­
0.12
­
0.04
­
0.10
0
0.91
­
1.00
0.17
­
0.20
0.15
­
0.17
0.08
­
0.10
0.08
­
0.10
0.05
­
0.08
0.02
Standard
Deviation
0.57
0.20
0.09
0.08
0.06
0.01
0
0.15
0.05
0.03
0.01
0
0
0
0.08
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.05
0
0
0.11
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0
0.05
0.02
­.
0.01
'
0.01
0.01
0.02
0
Number
of
Sub
j
e
c
t
s
2
.2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2'
'2
000060
TABLE
VI11
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
W
E
S
Exposure
Time:
7
­1
/2
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
150
ppm
GROUP
I
Time
­
&:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
exit
1
hour
"

2
3
l1
Baseline
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
15
"

30
"

G2:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
exit
15
"

30
'I
1
hour
"

2
l1
3
Baseline
I
1
I
t
11
11
11
11
t
l
11
11
u3:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
11
15
I'
I
1
11
11
II
II
11
11
30
"

1
hour
'I
2
3
Baseline
G:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
II
11
15
30
"

1
hour
"

2
3
Baseline
u:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
exit
11
11
II
I
1
11
I
t
11
11
11
15
30
"

1
hour
'I
2
3
'I
Baseline
Mean
(i
n
ppm)

9.33
4.40
3.78
2.55
1.27
0.78
0.39
9.03
3.58
3.10
2.21
1.88
0.87
0.63
8.88
3.99
2.77
2.20
1.50
0.80
0.46
12.88
6.26
4.75
3.85
1.87
1
.1
9
0.66
10.55
5.00
3.83
3.00
1.85
1.15
0.88
Range
(i
n
ppm)

8
.2
1
­11.01
4.20
­
4.80
3.50
­
4.00
2.22
­
2.84
0.55
­
1.65
0.55
­
0.90
0.38
­
0.40
6.30
­11.81
.3.20
­
4.10
2.60
­
3.50
2.08
­
2.30
1.75
­
2.05
0
.8
1
­
0.95
0.55
­
0.65
8.00
­10.81
3.71
­
4.35
1
.9
1
­
3.71
1
.9
1
­
2.30
1
.3
1
­
1.60
0.50
­
0.95
0.32
­
0.50
11.80
­14.50
5.65
­
7.30
4.30
­
5.50
3.50
­
4.10
1.80
­
2.00
1.15
­
1.20
0.60
­
0.70
8.20
­12.00
4.80
­
5.30
3.55
­
4.20
2.60
­
3.60
1.75
­
2.00
0.95
­
1.50
0.50
­
1.00
Standard
~t
Deviation
1.37
0.28
3.78
0.28
0.50
0.16
0.01
2.25
0.38
0.39
0.11
0.13
0.07
0.05
1.30
0.32
0
.7
4
0.20
0.13
0.21
0.09
1.16
0.75
0.52
0.27
0.10
0.03
0.05
1.67
0.25
0.33
0.49
0.13
0.34
0.25
Number
of
Sub
j
e
c
t
s
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
.4
Time
­
TABLE
IX
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCEN"
RAT1ON
OF
SEDENTARY
MALES
Exposure
Time
:
3
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
150
ppm
d:
1
rnin.,
post
­exit
I1
11
11
11
I
1
I
I
11
11
11
15
'I
30
1
hour
2
3
I'

Baseline
e:
1
rnin.,
post
e
x
i
t
I
1
I
I
11
I
t
11
11
11
II
I9
15
30
1
hour
'I
2
3
I
t
Baseline
fl:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
e
x
i
t
­I
c
I
I
I
I
I
1
.lJ
I
I
I1
I
I
I
I
I
t
II
I
I
30
1
hour
'I
2
l
t
3
I1
Baseline
u:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
I
1
11
II
I
9
I
I
11
11
11
15
30
'I
1
hour
­
I'

2
I'

3
Baseline
u:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
I
1
11
I
1
11
11
II
91
I
I
15
'
I
30
1
hour
2
l1
3
(1
Bas
e
line
GROUP
Mean
(i
n
p
p
d
8.45
3.86
2.64.
1.90
0.98
0.67
0.38
8.68
3.01
1.83
1.61
1.12
0.76
0.55
8.03
2.55
2.51
1.75
1.05
0.95
0.48
9.43
2.30
2.35
1.88
1.61
1.35
0.65
11.40
3.55
2.70
2.00
1.75
1.50
0.20
I1
Range
(i
n
ppm)

7.46
­
9.44
3.72
­
4.00
2.55
­
2.72
1.90
0.90
­
1.05
0.65
­
0.68
0.35
­
0.40
7.55
­
9.80
.2.76
­
3.25
1.61
­
2.05
1.60
­
1.61
1.03
­
1.21
0.72
­
0.80
0.52
­
0.58
6.66
­
9.40
1.80
­
3.30
2.21
­
2.80
1.40
­
2.10
0.95
­
1.15
0.95
0.48
8.85
­10.00
1.80
­
2.80
2.20
­
2.50
.1
.8
5
­
1.90
1.61
1.35
0.65
11.40
3.55
2.70
2.00
1.75
1.50
0.20
.
Standard
2
Deviation
1.40
0.20
0.12
0
0.11
0.02
0.04
1.59
0.35
0.31
0.01
0.13
0.06
0.04
1.94
1.06
0.42
0.50
0.14
0
­
'
Number
of
Subjects
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
0.81
2
0.71
2
0.21
2
0.04
2
000062
+;
1
1
1
1
1
1
'1
TABLE
X
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
EULES
Exposure
Time:
1
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:

GROUP
I11
Mean
­
Time
(i
n
p
p
d
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
7.58
2.10
1.86
15
1
.4
1
30
1
hour
"

0.65
2
3
Baseline
0.35
I
1
11
11
I
1
I
1
11
I
1
0.90
II
I1
lay:
1
rnin.,
post
exit
9.16
2.11
1.54
1.35
1
hour
I
1
II
0.94
I
1
I
t
0.61
2
3
Baseline
0.43
11
I
t
11
I1
I
1
15
30
I'

lay:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
8.65
I'
.
2.26
I
t
15
I
1
I1
I
1
11
I
1
f
I
I1
30
I'

1
hour
2
'l
3
I'

Baseline
e:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
I
t
I
1
I1
l
f
I
1
I1
I
f
I
1
15
30
1
hour
2
3
I'

Baseline
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
I
t
11
11
11
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
I
15
30
I'

1
hour
"

2
3
f
t
Baseline
2.00
1.40
0.55
0.35
0.25
10.25
2.18
1.93
1.53
0.92
0.70
0.60
9.48
2.78
2.03
1.61
1.10
0.75
0.38
Rang
e
(i
n
ppm)

6.10
­
9.05
2.10
1.50
­
2.21
1.28
­
1.54
0.90
0.65
0.28
­
0
.4
1
7.80
­10.51
n1.81
­
2.41
1.27
­
1.81
1.08
­
1.61
0.72
­
1.16
0.50
­
0.72
0.38
­
0.48
8.10
­
9..
20
2.21
­
2.30
1.80
­
2.20
1.20
­
1.60
0.30
­
0.80
0.20
­
0.50
0.20
­
0.30,

9.70
­10.80
2.10
­
2.25
1.90
­
1.95
1.15
­
1.90
0.79
­
1.05
0.61
­
q.
79
0.60
8,70
­10.25
2.60
­
2.95
1.65
­
2.40
1.41
­
1.80
0.80
­
1.40
0.50
­
1.00
0.38
Standard
Deviation
2.09
0.50
0.18
­

­
­
0.09
1.92
0.42
0.38
0.38
0.31
0.16
0.71
0.78
0.06
0.28
0.28
0.35
0.21
0.07
0.78
0.11
0.04
0.53
0.92
0.13
0
1.10
0.25
0.53
0.28
0.42
0.35
0
150
ppm
Number
of
Subjects
2
.1
2
2
1
1
2
000063
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
TARLE
X
I
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
k
L
E
S
Exposure
Time:
7
­1
/2
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:

GROUP
I
Time
­
e:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
1
hour
'I
2
3
I
t
Baseline
I
1
I
1
I
1
11
11
I
t
II
I1
II
15
30
'I
lay:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
11
I1
I
1
I1
11
I
I
11
11
15
30
'I,

1
hour
2
3
Baseline
'ay:
1
m
i
n
.,
post
e
x
i
t
I
1
I
t
15
"
I
1
11
I1
I1
11
I1
I1
30
1
hour
2
3
Baseline
­4:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I1
I
t
15
I'
I1
I
1
I
1
I
1
11
11
I1
30
It
1
hour
'I
2
3
Baseline
u:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
I
1
I
f
15
"
Mean
(in
p
p
d
6.33
2.65
2.27
1.82
1
.5
2
0.62
0.27
6.88
2.53
2.00
1.63
1.36
0.60
0.30
7.17
3.24
2.48
1.75
1.78
1.01
0.57
7.50
4.13
2.84
'2.20
1.50
0.90
0.45
6.43
3.72
2.55
1.83
1.07
0.78
0.28
Range
(i
n
p
p
d
5.80
­
7.20
2.20
­
3.21
2
­1
0
­
2.50
1.66
­
2.00
1.40
­
1.70
0.55
­
0.72
0.10
­
0.40
6.30
­
7.80
2.30
­
2.80
1.75
­
2.25
1.41
­
1.75
1.22
­
1.45
0.55
­
0.65
0.25
­
0.35
5.10
­
9.96
3.00
­
3.55
2.30
­
2.90
1.70
­
1.80
1.60
­
1.90
1.00
­
1.04
0.50
­
0.70
5.10
­11.60
3.50
­
4.75
2.42
­
3.
'15
1.92
­
2.42
1
.3
5
­
1
.8
0
0.70
­
1.10
0.45
5.70
­
7.00
3.55
­
3.80
2.45
­
2.70
1.75
­
2.00
0.80
­
1.30
0.75
­
0.80
0.25
­
0.35
Standard
5
Deviation
0.76
0
.5
1
0
.2
1
0.17
0.16
0.09
0.14
0.65
0.21
0.20
0.16
0.11
0.06
0.04
2.04
0.28
0.29
0.06
0.15
0.02
0.10
2.85
0.62
0.34
0.23
0.26
0.20
0
0.67
0.14
0.13
0.14
0.25
0.03
0.06
Fluct.
50­
150
ppm
Number
of
Subjects
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
'
'
3
000064
15
11
I
1
2.93
2.30
­
3.55
0.88
2
30
I
1
11
1.89
1.67
­
2.10
0.30
2
1
hour
'
I
I
1
1.50
1
.3
0
­
1.70
0.28
2
2
'I
1
1
I
1
I1
1.50
1.50
­
­
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3.50
3.50
1
1.89
1.80
1
1
0.80
0.80
1
0.80
'3.80
­
Bas
d
i
n
e
0.79
3.70
%:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
7.40
7
.4
0
­
­
3.10
3.10
1
h
o
u
r
11
2.00
2.00
2
3
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
0.48
3.48
I
1
I
t
15
30
I
t
I
1
2.60
2.60
­

11
I
1
1.25
1.25
­

I1
I
1
0.30
0.90
­
­

­

3
~:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
7.80
7.80
­
­
11
I
1
15
30
I'
I
1
I
1
2.20
2.20
­
11
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
1
hour
2
3
I
t
­
­
TABLE
XI11
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
MALES
Exposure
Time:
1
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:

GROUP
111
Time
­
ly:
1
rnin.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
I
1
I
1
11
11
I1
11
I
1
11
15
"

30
1
hour
2
"

3
I'

Baseline
3y:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
I
1
I1
11
I
1
I
1
I1
11
I1
I
1
15
I'

30
I
t
1
hour
2
3
Baseline
e:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
11
I
I
I
1
11
11
I1
I
1
11
I1
15
'I
30
­
2
'I
'
3
'I
1
hour
Baseline
*:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
1
!I
'I
I
1
15
I'

30
I
t
i
t
1
hour
2
I'

3
Baseline
I
1
11
11
I1
M
e
an
(i
n
p
p
d
7.10
2.20
1.72
1.43
0.53
0.45
0.25
6.50
1.80
1.35
1.10
0.80
0.23
0.23
5.15
2.06
1.30
1.13
0.94
0.65
0.40
9.20
3.10
2.10
1.45
NO
DATA
NO
DATA
0.30
5.95
2.35
1.88
1.48
0.70
0.45
0.20
6.70
­
7.50
2.15
­
2.25
1.55
­
1.89
1.40
­
1.45
0.45
­
0.60
0.40
­
9.50
0.25
5.60
­
7.40
*1.50
­
2.10
1.20
­
1.50
0.90
­
1.30
0.80
0.20
­
0.25
0.20
­
0.25
5.00
­
5.30
1.67
­
2.45
1.15
­
1.45
9.99
­
1.35
0.70
­
1.18
3.45
­
0.85
0.40
9.20
3.10
2.10
1.45
0.25
­
0.35
6.90
­
7.30
2.30
­
2.40
1.80
­
1.95
1.30
­
1.65
0.40
­
1­
90
0.30
­
0.60
0.20
Standard
+
Deviation
I
0.57
0.07
0.24
0.04
0.11
0.07
0
1.27
0.42
0.21
0.28
0.04
0.04
0.21
0.55
0.21
0.32
3.34
0.28
0
­

­
­
­
­

0.07
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.25
0.42
0.21
­
Fluct.
50­
150
ppm.

Number
of
Subjects
2
.2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
000066
TABLE
X
I
V
WEEY~
Y
p­
XYLENZ
BREATH
COXCEhTZWTION
OF
SEDEXTARY
MALES
Exposure
Time:
7­
1/
2
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:

Chamber
Time
Conc.
in
ppm
7
I
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
If
I
1
II
11
t
t
I
1
I
t
II
#I
It
15
30
'I
1
hour
2
"

3
"

Baseline
1
min.,
post
exit
II
11
11
I1
11
11
If
II
I
t
15
'I
30
'I
I
hour
I'

2
IS
3
Baseline
2
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
.
I
1
I
t
II
18
t
t
II
I1
15
'I
.

30
'I
1
hour
2
I'
3
'
j
'
I
t
Baseline
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
II
.
I
f
I
1
I
S
I!
11
I
t
11
I
t
11
15
I'

30
1
hour
2
.
3
Baseline
100
20
15
0
Fluc.
50
­
150
Kean
Range
(in
ppm)
(in
ppm)

5.00
1.75
1.30
0.92
0.65
0.43
I
0.24
0.99
0.39
0;.
26
0.20
0.16
0.11
0.05
10.13
4.65
3.62
2.76
1.67
0.95
0.60
6.91
3.26
2.43
1.85
1.46
0.79
0.38
2.93
­
8.17
0.95
­
2.90
0.61
­
2.02
0.51
­
1.33
0.22
­
1.38
0.18
­
0.70
0.10
­
0.38
0.63
­
1.68
.0.22
­
0.53
0.15
­
0.36
0.12
­
0.31
0.05
­
0.33
0.05
­
0.15
0.02
­
0.10
6
.3
0
­'14.50
3.20
­
7.30
1.91.
­
5.50
1.91
­
4.10
0.55
­
2.05
0.50
­
1.50
0.32
­
1.00
5.10
­11.60
2.20
­
4.75
1.75
­
3.15
1.41
­
2.42
0.80'­
1.90
0.55
­
1.10
0.10
­
0.70
Standard
Deviation
1.39
0.50
0.45
0.31
0.27
0.14
0.08
0.27.
0.10
0.07.
0.06
0.08
0.04
0.02
2.09
.
1.04
0.82
0.69
0.34
0.24
0.21
1.60
0.73
0.37
0.25
0.29
'
0.18
0.15'
Nunber
of
Subjects
4
4
'
4
4
4
.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
.

8
TABLE
XV
WEEKLY
p­
XnCYXE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDEKTARY
MALES
Exposure
Time:
3
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:

5
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
Fluc
t
.
6.97
4.75
­
9.50
1.58
2
50­
150
2.66'
1.80
­
3.55
0.65
2
1.92
1.50
­
2.60
0.36
2
1.56
1.30
­
2.00
0.25
2
1
hour
2
.
II
11
1.07
0.79
­
1.50
0.28
2
3
11
I1
0.75
0.40
­
1.20
.
.
0.30
2
Baseline
0.36
0.20
­
0.70
0.17'
2
II
I
t
II
II
11
II
15
30
b
000068
e­;$
fl4$
gQ
'
GROUP
I1
Chamber
Mean
Rang
e
Standard
T
i
m
e
Cone.
i
n
ppm
(i
n
ppn)
(i
n
pun)
+
Deviation
­
1
rnin.,
post
exit
100
11
.
11
I
t
;f
i
.,
II
18
I
t
l
t
11
II
I
t
30
"

1
hour
2
3
Baseline
7.55
2.31
1.58
1.09
0.53
0.38
0.19
5.50
­11.20
2.05
1.55
­
3.40
0.65
0.91
­
2.40
0.52
0.72
­
1.80
0.37
0.20
­
0.74
0.19
0.12
­
0.60
0.18
0.10
­
0.30
0.07
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
20
1.15
0.70
­
1.55
0.33.
0.39
0.25
­
0.47
0.10
0.25
0.17
­
0.36
0.06
0.17
.
0.11
­
0.25
0.05
0.14
0.11
­
0.19
0.04
0.09
0.05
­
0.12
0.03
11
I1
II
II
11
81
I
1
11
I1
'
15
I'

30
1
hour
'I
2
3
Baseline
0.04
0.02
­
0.05
0.02
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
15
0
8.95
6.66
­*
11.40
1.49
.
3.00
1.80
­
4.00
.
0.79
2.37
1
.6
1
­
2.80
0.39
'
15
"

1.81
1.40
­
2.10
0.22
30
"

1
hour
'I
1.21
0.90
­
1.75
0.31
2
'1­
0.95
0.65
­
1.50
0.34
Baseline
0.46
0.20
­
0.65
0.14
II
I
1
I1
11
11
11
*
3
8'
11
1)
Number
of
Sub
j
ects
2
2
2
2
2
.
2
2
2
2
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
'
2
2
7
TABLE
X
V
I
WEEI;
LY
p­
XYLEXE
BREATH
COXCENTRATION
OF
SEDEXTARY
MALES
Exposure
Time:
1
Hours
­
Chamber
C
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
:

GROUP
111
Time
­
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
I
I
I
I1
I
t
11
11
15
.
30
1
hour
'I
n
II
11
I
t
Baseline
1
min.,
post
exit
I1
I
I
II
I1
I
I
I
t
15
"

30
'I
1
hour
'I
2
I
t
3
I'
SI
t1
?t
Baseline
1
rnin.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
If
.
I1
I1
I1
I
1
I
t
I
1
I1
IS
'
15
'I
30
'I
1
hour
I
t
2
.
3
1'

Baseline
Chamber
Me
an
Conc.
i
n
ppm
(in
ppm)

100
3.25
1.52
0.93
0.66
0.45
0.24
0.13
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
II
11
IC
.
I
t
I
t
I
t
I
I.
I
1
I1
I1
15
30
I'

1
horrr
2
.
3
Baseline
20
0.96
0.27
0.19
0.14
0.10
­
0.09
0.05
15
0
9.02
2.30
1.87
1.46
0.88
0.61
'0.40
Fluc.
6.73
1.62
1.30
0.73
0.44
0.28
50­
150
2121
Range
(in
ppm)

1.47
­
4.00
1.10
­
1.90
0.52
­
1.40
0.45
­
0.80
0.22
­
0.60
0.11
­
0.28
0.10
­
0.20
0.54
­
1.71
0.17
­
0.50
0.12
­
0.30
0.08
­
0.25
0.05
­
0.18
0.04
­
0.18
0.05
6.10
­10.80
1.81
­
2.95
1.27
­
2.40
1.08
­
1.90
0­;.
30
­
1.40
0.20
­
1.00
0.20
­
0.60
5.00
­
9.20
1.50
­
3.10
1.15
­
2.10
0.90
­
1.65
0.40
­
1.18
0.20
­
0.85
0.20
­
0.40
Standard
2
Deviation
..
.

1.02
0.30
0.30
0.13
0.18
0.13
0.04
0
..
27
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
'
0
1.43
0.34
0.28
0.31
0.22
0.13
.
0.33
1.30
0.46
0.33
0.25
0.28
0.21
0.08
Number
of
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
2
2
2
2
'
1
.I
*
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
6
000069'
.
TABLE
X
V
I
I
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
FFPULES
Exposure
Time:
7­
1/
2
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
GROUP
I
Mean
Time
(in
P
P
d
Range
­
(i
n
ppm)
Numb
e
r
Standard
of
It
Deviation
Subjects
e:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
4.73
3.90
­
5.50
0.80
3
11
I
1
11
11
11
11
1
1
11
1
1
1.90
1.70
­
2.05
0.18
3
15
1.28
1.20
­
1.40
0.10
3
30
1.10
1.10
0
3
1
hour
It
0.53
0.50
­
0.55
0.03
3
2
0.40
0.30
­
0.50
0.10
3
3
If
Baseline
0.03
0.00
­
0.10
0
3
I
,
Lay
2:
1
min.
,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
II
11
15
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
II
I
1
I
1
30
'I
1
hour
"

2
3
Baseline
Day
3:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
I
1
I1
15
"
1
1
I
f
I
1
11
I
1
11
I
t
30
If
1
hour
'I
2
If
3
I
t
Baseline
5.17
1.95
1.50
1.08
0.80
0.60
0.23
6.00
2.10
1.62
1.28
0.73
0.50
0.28
4.60
­
5.50
1.70
­
2.35
1.40
­
1.60
1.05
­
1.10
0.80
0.60
0.20
­
0.25
4.80
­
7.10
1.90
­
2.40
1.40
­
1.80
1.15
­
1.40
0.70
­
0.75
0.45
­
0.55
0.25
­
0.30
0.49
0.35
0.10
0.03
0
0
0.03
1.15
0.27
0.20
0.13
0.03
0.05
0.03
Day
4
:
1
min.,
post
e
x
i
t
6.20
3.08
I1
I
1
I
15
It
5.10
­
7.30
1.10
2.65
­
3.50
0.43
3
3
11
30
"

1
hour
'
I
2
3
'I
Baseline
11
I
1
2.57
2.45
­
2.65
0.10
3
2.00
1.80
­
2.20
0.20
3
0.75
0.70
­
0.80
0.07
3
II
0.53
0.50
­
0.55
0.04
2
0.30
0.30
0
3
11
I
1
I
1
Day
5
:
1
rnin.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
4.70
4.30
­
5.00
0.36
3
II
1.63
1.40
­
1.80
0.21
3
1.25
1.05
­
1.50
0.23
,

11
1
.1
2
1.05
­
1.20
0.08
3
1
hour
2
It
I1
11
0.82
0.75
­
0.90
0.08
3
3
I
t
11
0.65
0.55
­
0.70
0.09
3
Baseline
0.35
0.35
0
3
I
1
11
I
1
15
I'

30
I'

000070
TABLE
XVIII
DAILY
p­
XnENE
BREATH
CONCENTRITION
OF
SEDENTARY
FEMALES
Exposure
Time:
3
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:

GROUP
e:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
ll
11
11
15
30
"

1
hour
'
I
­

2
If
3
Baseline
e:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
11
15
11
I
1
I
1
11
I
t
I
1
I
1
30
1
hour
It
2
It
3
(I
Baseline
Day
3:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
1
I
1
I
t
11
11
11
11
I
t
I1
15
I'

30
I
'

1
hour
2
It
3
Baseline
Day
4
:
1
rnin.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
11
I
t
11
11
I
1
I
t
I
1
II
1
5
30
I'

1
hour
It
2
I'

3
Baseline
Day
5:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
11
11
11
I
1
I
1
I
1
8
1
I
1
I
1
15
It
30
I'

1
hour
"

2
3
Baseline
Mean
(i
n
ppm)

4.90
1.55
1.08
0.75
0.35
0.25
0
5.48
1.35
0.85
0.55
0.43
0.30
0.08
4.78
1.25
0.80
0.60
0.35
0.40
0.13
4.75
1.18
0.88
0.68
0.50
0.50
0.10
4.00
1.23
0.88
0.55
0.50
0.20
0.15
I1
Range
Standard
(i
n
ppm)
Deviation
4.60
­
5.20
1.40
­
1.70
1.05
­
1.10
0.70
­
0.80
0.35
0.00
­
0.50
0
3.95
­
7.00
1.20
­
1.50
0.80
­
0.90
0.55
0.40
­
0.45
0.30
.O.
OO
­
0.15
3.25
­
6.30
1.10
­
1.40
0.70
­
0.90
0.60
0.35
0.40
0.10
­
0.15
4.20
­
5.30
1.15
­
1.20
0.80
­
0.95
0.65
­
0.70
0.50
0.40
­
0.60
0.10
3.00
­
5
­0
0
1.20
­
1.25
0.80
­
0.95
0.50
­
0.60
0.50
0.20
0.15
0.42
0.21
0.35
0.07
0
0
0
2.16
0.21
0.07
0
0.04
0
2.16
0.21
0.14
0
­

­
­
0.04
0.78
0.04
0.11
0.04
0
0.141
0
1
.4
1
0.04
0.11
0.07
­
­
100
ppm
Number
of
Subjects
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
800071
­
­
f
TABLE
X
I
X
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
OF
SEDENTARY
FEllALES
Exposure
Time:
1
Hours
­
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
Time
­

gay
1:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
15
11
11
30
I
f
11
11
1
hour
'I
11
2
I'
11
I
f
3
11
I
1
B
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
p
y
2:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
exit
15
I
1
I
1
?I
II
11
VI
11
I1
11
30
1
hour
2
3
It
Baseline
Day
3:
1
min.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
I
t
I
t
15
'I
I
1
11
11
I
1
I
1
I
1
11
30
1
hour
,
"

2
2
3
Baseline
Day.
4:
1
rnin.,
p
o
s
t
e
x
i
t
II
11
1
5
I
'

30
I'
I
1
11
2
1
1
I
1
3
.'?
I
11
Baseline
,
1
hour
"/
I
1
Mean
(i
n
ppm)

3.40
1.20
0.98
0.68
0.10
,0.10
0
5.83
1.10
0.73
0.63
0.35
0.20
0
5.45
1.38
0.95
0.65
0.28
0.10
0.03
3.75
1.15
0.80
0.63
0.40
0.30
0.10
4.60
1.15
0.88
0.58
0.40
0.20
0.10
GROUP
I11
Range
(in
ppm)

3.20
­
3.60
1.10
­
1.30
0.90
­
1.05
0.65
­
0.70
0.10
0.10
0
3.90
­
7.75
0.90
­
1:
30
0.55
­
0.90
0.55
­
0.70
0.30
­
0.40
0.20
0
4.40
­
6.50
1.05
­
1.70
0.80
­
1.10
0.50
­
0.80
0.20
­
0.35
0.00
­
0.20
0.00
­
0.05
3­
00
­
4.50
1.00
­
1.30
0.70
­
0.90
0.55
­
0.70
0.40
0.30
0.10
3.60
­
5.60
1.00
­
1.30
0.80
­
0.95
0.55
­
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.10
Standard
+Deviation
0.28
0.14
0.11
0.04
0
0
2.72
0.28
0.25
0.11
0.07
0
0
1.49
0.46
0
.2
1
0.21
0.11
0
0
1.06
0.21
0.14
0.11
0
0
0
1.41
0
.2
1
0.11
0.04
­

­
­
0
Number
of
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
000072
3
{OUP
/
11:

sin.,
post
e
x
i
t
II
I
1
I
1
I
1
I
1
11
II
I
t
I
1
1
1
l
l
I
t
II
hoilr
'1
d
i
n
e
.OUP
111
:
TABLE
XX
WEEKLY
p­
XYLENE
BREATH
CONCENTRATION
'OF
SEDENTARY
FEMALES
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
Number
Mean
Range
Standard
of
f
(in
ppm)
(in
ppm)
­Deviation
Sub
j
ects
5.03
2.13
1.64
1.32
0.73
0.54
0.24
3.90
­
7.30
1.40
­
3.50
1.05
­
2.65
1.05
­
2.20
0.50
­
0.90
0.30
­
0.70
0.00
­
0.35
/­
4.78
3.00'­
7.00
1.31
1.14
­
1.70
0.90
0.70
­
1.10
0.63
0.
SO
­
0.80
0.43
0.
'35
­
0.50
0.40
A
;O
O
­
0.80
0.07
0.00
­
0.15
min.,
post
exit
4.61
1.20
0.87
hour
If
0.63
0.32
0.18
e
l
i
n
e
0.04
II
1
1
II
I
1
11
ll
I
1
I
1
t
l
I
1
I
f
I
1
I
1
3.00
­
7.75
.
0.90
­
1.70
0.55
­
1.10
0.50
­
0.80
0.10
­
0.40
0.00
­
0.30
0.00
­
1.00
1.63
0.58
0.52
0.37
0.12
0.11
0.12
1.26
0.19
0.12
0.09
0.07
0.25
0.07
1.55
0.23
0.16
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.05
000073
1
X:

e
n
n
.I
­

..

.,

.'

.

..

n
..

.a
.I
.'

..

n
..
..
.:

.'

n
.,

.I
n
4,
Wk
1
??
y­­­­

J"
h
r
post­
exit
1.

Da
­
,

&­
exposure
p­
exit
30
min
post­
exit
1
h
r
post­
exit
4,
wk
2
pre­
exposure
pre­
exi
t
30
min
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
y
.4
,w
k
3
pre­
exposure
?re­
exi
t
30
min
post­
exit
1
h
r
post­
exit
lay
1
,I\%
4
?re­
exposure
?re­
exi
t
10
min
post­
exit
L
,hr
post­
exit
lay
4,
Wk
4
're­
exposure
're­
exi
t
IO
min
post­
exit
L
h
r
post­
exit
)3y
l,
Wk
5
ire­
exposure
Pre­
exi
t
30
m
i
n
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
Day
4,
Wk
­
5
Pre­
exposure
Pre­
exit
30
min
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
TABLE
XXI
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
Bl.
OOD
FOR
MALE
SUBJECTS
GROUP
1
7
­1
/2
1IR
EXPOSURE
­
Mean
Range:,

I
i
Chamber
concentration;
zero
Chamber
Concentration!
100
ppm
0
.3
1
0.25
­j
.i
,o
0
.8
9
­­­­
0.2&
1.10
1.29
1
.0
5
­,.
1.55
0.48
0.40
­
0.60
0
.1
3
0.97
0
.4
5
0
.2
9
0.09
­
0.17
0.83
­
1.11
0.35
­
0
.5
2
0.26
­
0
.3
1
Chamber
Concentration:
20
ppm
0
.1
3
0
.1
2
­
0
.1
3
0
.4
2
0
.4
0
­
0
.4
5
0.29
0.27
­
0
.3
0
0.19
0.15
­
0.22
0.00
0.51
0.49
0
.4
0
0
.0
0
0.43
­
0.60
0.26
­
0.80
0.21
­
0.55
Chamber
Concentration:
1
5
0
ppm
0
.3
4
0.24
­
0.47
3.86
3.11
­
4.67
1.9G
1.75
­
2.99
.

1
.2
9
1.24
­
1
.4
3
0
.9
9
5.99
3.76
2.77
0.65
­
1.35
5.09
­
6.88
3.38
­
4
.6
2
2.49
­
2.95
+S
.D.

0.08
0
.2
1
'

0.27
0.09
0
.3
3
0.16
0.09
0.02
N.
­

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0.01
3
0
.0
3
3
0.02
3
0
.0
4
3
0.00
4
0.07
4
0.26
4
0.15
4
0.10
4
0
.6
5
4
0.15
4
0.09
4
0.35
4
0.90
4
0.58
4
0.22
4
Chamber
Concentration:
Fluct.
50­
150
pprn
0
.3
2
0.20
­
0
.4
0
0.1.1
3
3.02
2.80
­
3.25
0.23
3
1
.4
3
1
.2
0
­
1
­6
0
0
.2
0
3
1.45
1­
00
­
1
.9
2
0.46
3
0.31
1.68
0.81
0.67
0.27
­
0.40
1.40
­
2
.0
3
0.70
­
1.00
0
.4
9
­
1.01
"4
Day
6.
q<>{>.")
Chamber
Concentration:
zero
0.061
4
0
.3
0
4
0.14
*4
0
.2
4
4
000074
1
Y
TABLE
XXLI
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
BLOOD
FOR
MALE
SUBJECTS
GROW
11
3
HR
EXPOSURE
+S
.D.
N.
­
Mean
Range
Chamber
Concentration:
zero
Day
4,
Wk
1
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
0.48
0.45
­
0.50
1.65
1.30
­
2.00
0.
78
0.65
­
0.90
0.58
0.50
­
0.65
Day
1,
Wk
2
Pre­
exposure
Pre­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
.O.
04
0.50
0.18
0.11
Day
4,
Wk
2
Pre­
exposure
Pre­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
0.12
0.95
0.44
0.37
0.09
­
0.14
0.90
­
0.99
0.44
0.35
­
0.39
0.04
,
0.06
0.00
0.03
2
2
!

2
1
2
Chamber
Concentration:
20
ppm
0.12
0.11
­
0.12
0.41
0.34
­
0.47
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
Day
1,
Wk
3
Pre­
exposur
e
Pr
e­
exi
t
30
rnin
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
0.01
0.09
0.00
0.00
2
2
2
2
1
Day
4,
Wk
3
Pre­
exposure
0.08
Pr
e­
exi
t
0.43
30
min
post­
exit
0.24
1
hr
post­
exit
0.26
0.00
­
0.08
0.40
­
0.46
0.23
­
0.25
0.15
­
0.36
0.00
2
0.04
2
0.01
2
0.15
2
Chamber.
Concentration:
150
ppm
0.22
­
0.57
0.25
3.10
­
3.25
0.11
1.50
­
1.60
0.07
0.97
­
1.25
0.20
Day
1,
Wk
4
Pre­
exposure
0.40
Pre­
exit
3.18
30
rnin
post­
exit
1.55
1
hr
post­
exit
1.11
Day
4
,­
4
Pre­
exposure
0.53
Pre­
exi
t
6.19
30
rnin
post­
exit
2.18
1
hr
post­
exit
1.80
0.46
­
0.59
4.05
­
8.32
1.97
­
2.38
1.73
­
1.86
0.09
3.02
0.29
0.09
Chamber
Concentration:
Fluct.
50­
150
ppm
0.40
­
0.50
0.07
3.09
­
3.73
0.45
1.27
­
1.45
0.13
1.00
­
1.13
0.09
Day
1,
Wk
5
Pre­
exi
t
3.41
30
min
post­
exit
1.36
1
hr
post­
exit
1.07
Pre­
exposure
0.45
Day
4,
Wk
5
Pre­
exposure
0.26
Pre­
exit
1.33
30
min
post­
exit
0.67
1
hr
post­
exit
0.59
0.26
1.33
0.59
0.67
Chamber
Concentration:
zero
000075
Day
4,
Wk
1
Day
1,
Wk
2
Pre­
exposure
Pre­
exit
30
min
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
Day
4,
Wk
2
Pre­
exposure
Pr
e­
exi
t
30
min
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
Day
1,
Wk
3
Pre­
exposure
Pre­
exit
30
m
i
n
post­
exit
1
hr
post­
exit
Day
4,
Wk
3
Pre­
exposure
Pr
e­
exi
t
30
min
post­
exit
1
h
r
post­
exit
Day
1,
Wk
4
Pre­
exposure
Pr
e­
exi
t
30
min
post­
exit
1
<hr
post­
exit
Day
4;
Wk
4
Pr
e­
expo
sur
e
Pre­
exi
t
30
min
post­
exit
1
h
r
post­
exit
Day
1
,W
k
5
Pre­
exposure
Pre­
exi
t
30
rnin
post­
exit
1
h
r
post­
exit
Day
4,
Wk
5
Pr
e­
exposur
e
Pre­
exit
3
0
min
post­
exit
1
hr
post%&%<
j
Day
1,
Wk
6
TABEE
XXIII
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
BLOOD
FOR
MALE
SUBJECTS
GROW
111
1
HR
EXPOSURE
Mean
­

0.18
1.23
0.55
0.33
0.12
0.69
0.35
0.23
0.00
0.24
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.25
0.26
0.30
2.04
0.77
0.67
0.38
3.37
1.45
1.12
0.49
2.93
1.25
0.82
0.15
1.30
0.78
0.41
Range
Chamber
Concentration:
zero
2S.
D.

Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
0.10
,­
0.25
0.11
1­
10
­
1.35
0.18
0
­4
5
­
0.65
0.14
0.30
­
0.35
0.04
0.12
0.69
0.35
0.23
Chamber
Concentration:
20
ppm
0.00
0.24
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.27
­
0.76
0.15
­
0.40
0.12
­
0.48
IO0
0.27
0.13
0.19
Chamber
Concentration:
150
ppm
0.15
­
0.45
0.21
1.50
­
2.57
0.76
0.67
­
0.87
0.14
0.60
­
0.73
0.09
0.38
3.35
­
3.38
1.35
­
1.54
1.05
­
1.19
0,
oo
0.02
0.13
0.10
Chamber
Concentration:
Fluct.
50­
150
ppm
0.18
­
0.80
0.44
2.55
­
3.30
0.53
1.25
0.00
0.73
­
0.90
0.12
0.15
1.30
0.78
0.41
N.
­

1
000076
Chamber
Concentration:
zero
2
2
2
2
.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2.
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
TABLE
XXIV
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
BLOOD
FOR
FEMALE
SUBJECTS
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
Ran
EI
e
Me
an
­
N.
i
5S.
D.

Day
1,
Week
2
Group
I,
7­
1/
2
h
r
exposure
.

0.00
1.48
­
1
.7
9
0.49
­
0.72
0.46
­
0.58
0.00
3
0.18
3
0.12
3
0.07
3
Pre­
exposure
0.00
Pre­
exi
t
.1
.5
9
30
min
pos
t
­e
x
i
t
0.59
1
h
r
pos
t
­e
x
i
t
0.50
Group
11,
3
h
r
exposure
Pre­
exposure
0.00
Pre­
exi
t
0.95
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.38
1
h
r
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.29
0.00
0.85
­
1
.0
5
0
.2
6
­
0.49
0.27
­
0.31
0.00
2
0.14
2
0.16
2
0.03
2
Group
111,
1
h
r
exposure
Pre­
exp
os
u
r
e
0.00
Pre­
exi
t
0.88
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.46
1
h
r
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.26
0.00
0.82
­
0.93
0.39
­
0.52
0.17
­
0.34
0.00
2
0.08
2
0.09
2
0.12
2
Day
4
,
Week
2
Group
I,
7
­1
/2
h
r
exposure
Pre­
exposure
0.50
Pre­
exi
t
2.28
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
1.07
1
h
r
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0
.9
1
0.38
­
0.59
2.01
­
2.47
0.98
­
1.
'16
0.74
­
1.25
0.11
0.24
0.09
0.29
Group
11,
3
h
r
exposure
Pre­
exposure
0.36
Pre­
exi
t
1.86
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.73
1
h
r
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.62
0
.3
1
­
0.41
1.79
­
1.92
0.71
­
0.74
0.57
­
0.67
0.07
0.09
0.02
0.07
Group
111,
1
h
r
exposure
Pre­
exposure
0.39
Pre­
exi
t
1.74
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.60
1
h
r
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
0.48
0.37
­
0.40
1.41
­
2.06
0.57
­
0.62
0.45
­
0.50
2
2
2
2
0.02
0.46
0.04
0.04
..
TABLE
XXV
EFFECT
OF
EXERCISE
ON
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
BLOOD
GROUP
I
MALE
SUBJECTS
Restin.
g
.
0.79
6
min
exercise
1.25
11
min
exercise
1.83
Resting
0.51
6
min
exercise
0.71
11
min
exercise
1
.6
1
Res
t
ing
4.64
6
min
exercise
7
.1
2
11
min
exercise
12.52
Resting
1.23
6
min
exercise
1.87
11
min
exercise
3.13
Range
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
+S.
D.

0
.7
1
­
0.90
0.08
0.96
­
1.53
0.40
1.53
­
2.35
0.45
Chamber
Concentration:
20
ppm
0.40
­
0.68
0.12
0.55
­
0.87
0.13
1.49
­
1.67
0.08
Chamber
Concentration:
150
ppm
4.07
­
5.95
0.88
5.95
­
8.55
1.32
11.06
­
14.61
1.86
Chamber
Concentration:
50­
150
ppm
Fluct.

0.84
­
1.74
1
.4
1
­
2.22
1.95
­
4.46
0.40
0.42
1.04
N.
­

4
2
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
3
4
000078
PROPERV
OF
RYERSON
POLYT'Et7i;
':
iiC
UNlMRSrrV
350
VICTORIA
ST.,
TORCNTO.
ONT.
M5B
a
Pr
e­
exposure
E
x
i
t
15
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
,
pre­
exposure
Exit
15
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
,
Pre­
exposure
Exit:
15
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
,
Pre­
exposure
'
Exit
15
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
:
Pre­
exposure
'
Exit
15
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
i
t
30
min
p
o
s
t
­e
x
t
t
Mean
1.64
2.69
1
.6
3
5.
a3
TABLE
XXVI
DAIJJY
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
I
N
SALIVA
FOR
SEDENTARY
MALE
SUBJECTS
G
R
O
W
I
7­
1/
2
FIR
EXPOSURS
Chamber
Concentration:
153
ppm
WEEK.
4
0.72
2.
a7
1.58
0.99
0.71
5.52
1.99
1
.4
2
0.41
3.54
1
.2
7
1.
a7
0.36
3.35
2.08
1.81
Range
1.23
­
1
.9
4
5.50
­
6.13
1.50
­
1.75
2.38
­
2.88
.

0.50
­
1.06
2.31
­
4.06
1.25
­
1.88
9.88
­.
1.13
0.33
­
1.30
3.63
­
7.25
1.81
­
2.13
1.25
­
1.63
0.19
­
0.73
2.50
­
4
.2
5
1­
58
­
2.33
1.33
­
1.58
0.16
­
3.52
3.13
­
3.53
1.90
­
2.30
1.63
­
1.93
+S
.D.

0.30
3
­3
1
0.24
9.10
0.25
0.312
'
0.107
'3.42
1.59
0.13
0.18
0.23
0.76
0.34
3.29
0.154
0.20
0.17
0.16
0
.
a15
N.

4
4
4
4
­

..
TABLE
XYVII
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
SALIVA
FOR
SEDEXTARY
X
A
L
~
SUBJECTS
GROW
I
7­
1/
2
HR
EXPOSURE
Chamber
Concentration:
50­
150
ppm
flnctuating
WEEK
5
pre­
exposure
15
min
post­
exit
30
,min
post­
exit
5:
Exit
.

pre­
expo
sure
1:
Exit
.1
5
rnin
post­
exit
30
min
post­
exit
Pre­
exposure
Exit
15
min
post­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
!:

,:
Pre­
exposure
.
Exit
15
rnin
post­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
:
Pre­
exposure
Exit
,

15
min
post­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
Mean
0.22
2.03
0.99
0.65
0.25
3.26
1.53
1.07
0.55
3.28
1.85
1.08
0.16
3.56
1
.6
1
1.02
3.16
1
.2
1
0.75
0.47
__.
Range
0.19
­
0.28
1.52
­
2.61
9.78
­
1
.1
3
3.53
­
3.75
0.16
­
0
.3
1
2.67
­
4.24
1
.3
1
­
1
.8
1
0.75
­
1.38
9.39
­
3.79
2.76
­
4.33
1.83
­
1.97
1.00
­
1.25
0.39
­
3.22
3.13
­
4.40
1.43
­
2.00
3.93
­
1.13
0.11
­
0.24
1
.0
8
­
1.43
0.68
­
0.81
3.41
'­
0.54
+S.
D.

0.05
0..
55
0.19
3.13
0.
(17
0.69
0.21
0.27
0.18
.O
.
6
1
0.08
0.12
0.05
0.57
0.26
0.10
9.07
.
0.19
0.37
0.07
­
N.
3
3
3
3
­
TABLE
XXVIII
DAILY
p­
XYLENE
LEVELS
IN
SALIVA
FOR
SEDENTARY
FEMALE
SUBJECTS
GROUP
I
7­
1/
2
HR
EXPOSURE
Chamber
Concentration:
100
ppm
pre­
exposure
1
min
post­
exit
15
min
post­
exit
30
min
post­
exit
Pre­
exposure
1
min
post­
exit
15
rnin
post­
exit
30
min
post­
exit
Pre­
exposure
1
min
post­
exit
15
rnin
post­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
Pre­
exposure
1
min
post­
exit
15
rnin
post­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
Pre­
exposure
1
min
post­
exit
1
5
rnin
post­
exit
30
rnin
post­
exit
Mean
0.21
0.79
0.37
0.25
0.34
1.26
0.51
0.42
0.52
1.07
0.57
0.39
0.51
1..
15
0.95
0.60
0.33
1.96
1.00
0.69
Range
0619
­
0.22
0.56
­
1.10
0.33
­
0.42
0.19
­
0.28
0.31
­
0.41
1.04
­
1.37
0.41
­
0.56
0.37
­
0.46
0.32
­
0.71
0.85
­
1.35
0.47
­
0.65
0.35
­
0.41
0.48
­
0.55
0.65
­
1.45
0.93
­
0.98
0.50
­
0.75
0.17
­
0.52
1.60
­
2.45
0.95
­
1.05
0.60
­
0.76
2S.
D.

0.02
0.28
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.19
0.09
0.05
0.20
0.26
0.09
0.03
0.04
0.44
0.03
0.13
0.18
0.44
0.05
0.08
N.

3
3
3
3
­
Date
Day
4,
Wk
1
­

Day
1,
Wk
2
Day
4,
Wk
2
Day
1,
Wk
3
Day
4,
Wk
3
Day
1,
Wk
4
Day
4,
Wk
4
Day
1,
Wk
5
Day
4,
Wk
5
"
3.
Day
1,
Wk
&'"
r.$
q
117
248
249
250
TAULE
xxrx
DAILY
METHYL
HIPPURIC
ACID
EXCRETION
GROUP
I
MALE
SUBJECTS
Exposure
T
i
m
e
:
7­
1/
2
HR
Subject
117
248
249
250
117
248
249
250
117
248
249
250
117
248
249
250
117
248
249
250
117
248
249
250
117
249
*250
117
248
250
""
117
248
249
250
248
Urine
Concentration
Vol
m1/
24
h
r
mg/
ml
g/
24
hr
6
50
1400
900
1050
600
1050
1000
1175
`

2350
1400
1300
800
Absent
1350
1100
1100
950
1150
625
500
950
1000
650
800
*
Subject
voided
once
i
n
24
h
r
p
e
r
i
o
d
**
Snrnnlr
1
~7
3
~
n
o
t
r
e
f
r
i
s
p
r
a
t
p
d
1050
1200
650
170
1100
1025
750
1150
1125
500
650
1425
1300
650
850
1.81
0.84
0.77
0.94
4.11
4.64
1.78
1.71
1.17
1.70
1.45
2.65
­
0.57
0.78
1.24
2.30
1.28
1.44
2.38
3.57
2.82
3.57
3.28
3.53
2.22
2.69
2.25
2.77
1.67
2.67
0.72
1.89
3.90
3.06
2.32
1­
10
2.60
1.20
1:
18
1.17
0.70
0.98
2.46
4.87
I.
78
2.00
2.74
2.38
1.89
2.12
­
0.77
0.86
1.37
2.19
1.48
0.90
1.19
3.39
2.82
2.32
2.62
3.70
2.66
1.75
0.38
3.05
1.71
2.00
0.83
2.13
1.95
1.98
3.31
1.43
1.69
1.02
p­
xylene
Chamber
Conc:
ppm
0
100
100
20
20
150
150
F
l
u
c
t
.
50­
150
F
l
u
c
t
.
50­
150
0
000082
17­
I.
.
,,
__i
__..

­­
.

TABLE
XXX
DAILY
METHYL
HIPPURIC
ACID
EXCRETION
GROUP
11
MALE
SUBJECTS
Exposure
Time:
3
HR
Date
­
Day
4,
Wk
1
Day
1,
Wk
2
Day
4,
Wk
2
Day
1,
Wk
3
Day
4,
Wk
3
Day
1,
Wk
4
Day
4,
Wk
4
Urine
Concentration
Subject
Vol
m1/
24
h
r
mg/
ml
g
/2
4
h
r
251
800
0.62
0.50
25
2
1925
0.64
1.24
251
1125
0.75
0.85
252
1750
0.66
1.16
251
1000
1.09
1.09
25
2
1400
0.43
0.60
251
550
0.66
0.36
252
15
25
0.62
0.94
251
750
0.54
0.41
25
2
1275
1.05
1.34
251
550
0.73
0.40
252
1350
0.96
1.30
251
600
1.61
0.97
252
1100
1.12
1.23
Day
1,
Wk
5
I
251
252
600
900
1.31
0.79
1.11
1.00
25
2
1300
0.82
1.07
1
Day
4,
Wk
5
Day
1,
Wk
6
251
1150
0.83
0.95
p­
xylene
Chamber
Conc:
ppm
0
100
100
20
20
'
150
150
F
l
u
c
t
.
50­
150
F
l
u
c
t
.
50­
150
0
Date
P
Day
4,
Wk
1
Day
1,
Wk
2
Day
4,
Wk
2
Day
1,
Wk
3
Day
4,
Wk
3
Day
1,
Wk
4
Day
4,
Wk
4
Day
1,
Wk
5
Day
4,
Wk
5
.Day
1,
Wk
6
TABLE
XXXI
DAILY
METHYL
HIPPURIC
ACID
EXCRETION
GROUP
111
MALE
SUBJECTS
Exposure
Time:
1
HR
Urine
Concentration
Subject
Vol
m1/
24
h
r
mg/
ml
g/
24
h
r
253
254
255
255
254
255
255
255
*256
*257
256
25
7
256
257
256
257
257
256
257
775
15
75
.
375
375
1500
1100
9
75
750
1100
1520
1400
1050
1100
1100
1050
1450
850
1100
1025
0.74
1.05
0;
36
1.16
0.76
0.67
0.62
0.23
0.62
1.23
0.44
1.09
0.61
0.87
1.42
1.61
1.76
0.53
1.24
*
Entered
study
during
progress
­
no
b
a
s
e
l
i
n
e
d
a
t
a
.
0.58
1.65
0.13
0.44
1.14
0.74
0.61
0.17
0.68
1.87
0.62
1.14
0.68
0.95
1.45
2.33
1.49
0.58
1.27
p­
xylene
Chamb.
er
Conc:
ppm
0
100
100
20
20
150
150
Fluc
t
.
50­
150
Fluc
t
.
50­
150
0
000084
TABLE
X
X
X
I
I
DAILY
METHYL
HIPPURIC
ACID
EXCRETION
FOK
FEMALE
SUBJECTS
Date
Day
1,
Wk
2
Day
4,
Wk
2
Day
1,
wk
3
Day
4,
Wk
1
Day
1,
Wk
2
Day
4,
Wk
2
'Day
1,
Wk
3
Day
4,
Wk
1
Day
1,
Wk
2
Day
4,
Wk
2
Day
1,
Wk
3
Urine
Concentration
Subject
Vol
m1/
24
h
r
mglml
g/
24
h
r
Group
I
,
Exposure
Time:
7­
1/
2
h
r
95
1900
0.85
25
8
1300
0.79
259
1450
1.46
95
15
00
2.29
258
1525
2.32
259
1350
2.65
95
2000
2.32
258
1350
1.85
259
950
2.76
95
1190
2
.1
1
258
1480
0.70
259
960
1
.1
2
Group
11,
Exposure
Time:
3
h
r
261
1000
0.56
262
1200
1.55
26
1
650
0.92
262
1100
3.70
26
1
800
1.36
262
1450
2.76
261
1210
0.48
262
1140
1.32
Group
111,
Exposure
Time:
1
h
r
264
850
1.60
265
750
1.07
264
600
8.20
265
850
0.81
264
750
6.19
265
450
1.86
264
860
2.09
265
1200
1.22
1.62
1.03
2.12
3.44
3.54
3.58
4.64
2.50
2.62
2.51
1.03
1.08
0.56
1.86
0.60
4.07
1.09
4.00
0.58
1.50
1.36
0.80
4.90
0.69
4.64
0.84
1.80
1.46
p­
xylene
Chamber
Conc:
ppm
0
100
100
0
0
100
100
0
0
100
100
0
000085
I
1
rr:
W
3
W
E
D4
0
X
w
$

E/
0
U
m
U
m
W
X
H
Err
0
h
E
a
0
U
v)
0
a
a
E:
m
a,
$4
a
m
z
0
H
H
H
z
0
U
4
0
d
l­
z
0
U
d
W
v
n
E
w
z
W
G
3
Err
0
v3
z
2
w
z
w
U
e
0
U
cn
3
0
H
cr:
s
2
w
d
5
m
0
c4
X
W
c3
z
H
d
3
a
5
a
:11x
cn
E
u
a
a
0
a10
E
0
D
0
0
4
rl
I
n
E.
a
0
c4
:I
E
a
a
0
4
m
r­
l
a
a
h
d
rl
..

d
m
d
o
N
..

ml­
4
N
r
l
N
..

a
u
m
r
l
N
..

lnh
m
o
N
..

m
u
m
h
l
rl
..

C
O
N
rlhl
N
..

r
l
o
o
N
N
N
..

m
o
N
r
l
N
..

*
WCO
mr­
l
hl
..

m
m
N
O
N
..

h­
J
a
d
N
..

i2
I
x
v.

h
rl
rl
00
h
rl
m
a
rlrl
N
..

m
N
r
l
m
N
..

N
O
m
N
N
..

m
9.
d
N
N
a
C
O
drl
hl
..

.#
In03
0
0
N
..

m
a
+­
IN
N
..

m
r
l
m
u
N
..

h
N
a
m
N
..

Jx
m
m
m
r
l
rl
..

m
e
r
l
m
N
..

o
m
h
m
N
..

U
N
r
l
d
N
..

o
m
m
r
l
N
..

o
m
m
N
N
..

E
IX
VI
CO
U
N
m
ri
rl
u
h
r
l
m
N
..

U
W
N
r
l
N
..

ma)
do
N
..

m
u
m
o
N
..

Jx
coo
m
d
rl
..

O
h
In0
N
..

o
m
o
m
N
..

mCO
N
O
e4
*.

CON
h
N
N
..

u
v
e
o
N
..

m
d
m
r
l
N
..

\om
m
r
l
N
..

U
d
m
r
l
N
..

o
m
u
d
N
..

E
I
X
VI
m
e
N
a
LA
rl
N
m
m
r
l
a
d
..

hu
0
0
Wrl
..

CON
rle
a
..

h
a
h
N
ul
..

m
o
m
u
W
..

r
l
m
r
l
m
h
*.

o
m
cnm
m
..

e
a
a
d
W
*
m
m
hrl
e.
..

..

e
m
m
e
..

o
m
N
N
Ul
..

N
O
COW
e
..

m
N
rlu
cn
..

o
m
hu
m
..

4
h
m
u
u)
..

E
I
X
VI
0
m
N
03
ri
rl
r
l
N
clrl
..
m
u
o
W
N
..
m
m
e
N
N
m
..

m
a
LnN
m
..

O
h
CON
m
..

i2
1
%
VI
m
m
COO
r
l
N
m
..

r
l
N
r
l
m
ln
..

N
O
*u
e
..

a
d
m
m
U
..

5
I
X
cn
CO
cn
N
rlW
r
l
m
u
..

P
O
CON
U
..

m
m
h
N
U
..

h
C
­4
CON
U
..

E
I
X
cn
m
In
N
U
v1
a,
U
I
u
'0
a,
L­
r
.d
(d
a
m
0
L
4
E
PI
..

a
0
aJ
N
3
v)
0
a
X
aJ
I
a,
L­
r
a
V
c
N
E
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I
w
U
C
a,
L­
r
Q)
u­
4
u­
4
.d
V
h
d
U
C
(d
c)
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C
M
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v)

v)
aJ
U
0
c
a,
V
I
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a,
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3
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4
d
a
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(d
aJ
ti
d
w
>
C
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c
0
.rl
U
(d
.!­
I
L­
r
rd
?
w
0
U
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TABLE
XXXIX
WITHIN­
DAY
VARIABILITY
I
N
VARIOUS
FUNCTIONS
AS
MEASURED
FROM
MAXIMXM
AND
PARTIAL
FORCED
EXPIRATORY
MANEWERS
(Between
T
r
i
a
l
Mean
Difference
/
Actual
Mean
x
100)

Max.
Vol.

p
a
r
t
i
a
l
Vol.

p
a
r
t
i
a
l
­
Flow
@
25%

Max.
­
Flow
@
25%

P
a
r
t
i
a
l
­
Flow
(3
40%

Max.
­
Flow
@
40%

Peak
Flow
FEVl
/
FVC
T
r
i
a
l
1
vs.
T
r
i
a
l
2
­2.21%

­3.38%

.114%

­17.390"

­5.72%

­14.53%*

­1.01%
T
r
i
a
l
1
vs.
Trial
3
­2.39%

­5.13%

­3.90%

­8.13%

­5.16%

­10.85%*

­88%

­3.11%
­5.12%

*
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
increase
a
t
p
=
.05
(two­
tailed
t
­t
e
s
t
)
TABLE
XL
Analysis
of
Variance
f
o
r
the
10
Second
Time
Estimations
,

During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR(
F
1
TOTAL
55
165.
oa
D
A
Y
S
1
3
L
I
NEAR
1
.D
A
Y
TREND
L
I
NEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
O
T
H
E
R
11
21.94
1.80
3.12
15.
a5
1.64
1.
a0
3.12
1.44
3.22
1.08
PEOPLE
3
105.30
35.10
3
7
.
a4
0.97
RESIDUAL
39
TABLE
XLI
Analysis
of
Variance
f
o
r
the
30
Second
Time
Estimations
During
Exposure
t
o
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

S
~U
R
C
E
OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
TOTAL
~­

55
1158.80
D
A
Y
S
1
3
58.91
4.53
L
I
NEAR
1
.D
A
Y
TREND
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
3.45
5.19
3.45
0.79
5.19
1.20
OTHER
11
48.19
4.81
1.11
PEOPLE
3
930.54
310.18
R
E
S
I
DUAL
39
169.42
4.34
1
TABLE
XLII
Analysis
of
Variance
f
o
r
t
h
e
Marquette
Test
Estimate/
Stimulus­­
Sound
Stimulus
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
TOTAL
51
2.409
DAYS
12
0.222
0.018
L
I
NEAR
1
.D
A
Y
TREND
0.125
0.125
,
.LO.
42**

LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
0.029
0.029
2.42
OTHER
10
0.041
0.004
0.33
PEOPLE
'
3
1.742
0.581
36
0.445
0.012
R
E
S
I
D
U
A
L
**
Significant
p
5
.01
"
.I
TABLE
XLIII
Analysis
of
Variance
for'
t
h
e
Marquette
Test
I
Estimate­
Stimulus
1
­­
Sound
Stimulus
During
Exposure
t
o
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
TOTAL
5
1
6.570
D
A
Y
S
12
0.927
0.077
LINEAR
1
0.365
,D
A
Y
TREND
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
0.054
6.51*
.
.­
0.365
0.054
0.96
10
0.444
0.044
0.72
OTHER
3
3.627
1.209
PEOPLE
2.016
0.056
R
E
S
I
D
U
A
L
.
36
*
Significant
p
2
­05
.­

­:
­­.
.
TABLE
XLV
Analysis
of
Variance
f
o
r
the
Marquette
Test
Estimate/
Stimulus­­
Light
Stimulus
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
112
Hr/
Day)

OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
SEIURCE
TOTAL
5
1
0.971
DAYS
L
I
NEAR
D
A
Y
TREND
0.130
0.011
0.068
0.068
l&.
33""
12
1
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
0.0003
0.0003
0.05
0.062
0.006
1.00
0.634
0.211
10
OTHER
PEOPLE
3
RESIDUAL
36
0.207
0.006
**
Significant
p
5
.01
f
000100
....
.­
.~

­2
b
.
/'
,
c
TABLE
XLIV
Analysis
of
Variance
for
t
h
e
Marquette
Test
Reaction
Time­­
Sound
Stimulus
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
TOTAL
51
0.938
DAYS
12
0.082
0.007
I_
I
NEAR
.­
1
DAY
TREND
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
0.030
0.001
0.030
0.
do1
7.50**

Y­
.

0.25
10
0.052
0.005
1.25
OTHER
3
0.721
0.240
36
0.135
0.004
PEOPLE
RES
I
O
U
A
L
_.

**
Significant
p
­
<
.01
­.
L
­:
000101
­
7
TABLE
XLVI
Analysis
of
Variance
for
the
Marquette
T
e
s
t
1
Estimate­
Stimulus
I
­­
Light
Stimulus
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR(
F)

TOTAL
5
1
1.322
DAYS
12
0.448
0.37
.­

L
I
N
E
A
R
J
,DRY
TREND
I
1
0.016
0.016
0.94
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1.
0.035
0.035
2.06
OTHER
10
0.404
0.040
2.35
­
PEOPLE
3
0.247
0.082
4
RESIDUAL
36
0.627
0.017
!

­1
i
.
­­
i
i
000102
TABLE
XLVII
i
Analysis
of
Variance
for
the
Marquette
Test
Reaction
Time­­
Light
Stimulus
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
OF
SUM
O
F
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR
(
F
1
TOTAL
51
1.160
~

­
­
~
**
1
­.*­".

DAYS
12
­
L
I
NEAR
1
D
A
Y
TREND
0.025
0.00008
0.002
0.00608
­6.04
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
OTHER
1
10
0.000001
0.001
0.000001
0.025
0.003
1.50
3
1.053
0.351
PEOPLE
~~__
~
­

RESIDUAL
36
0.081
0.002
000203
I
.
.
__
­
".."
..,..
I
.....,
"
..
~
II....
..,.
".
.
..
.

r­

TABLE
XLVIII
Analysis
of
Variance
for
the
Arithmetic
Test
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)

SOURCE
OF
SUM
OF
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR(
F
1
TOTAL
55
38664.87
DAYS
13
865.36
66.57
­
LINEAR
1
,D
A
Y
TREND
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
195.61
20.32
195.61
20.32
5.02*
c
0.52
OTHER
11
250.18
22.74
0.58
PEOPLE
3
36281.62
12093.87
RESIDUAL
39
1517.80
38.92
*
Significant
at
p
2
.05
TABLE
L
Analysis
of
Variance
f
o
r
the
Inspection
Test
During
Exposure
to
p­
Xylene
(7­
1/
2
Hr/
Day)
i
P
I
OF
SUM
O
F
SQUARES
MEAN
SQUARE
MSR(
F
)
SOURCE
TOTAL
55
518290.75
DAYS
13
125333.31
9641.02
1;.
11431.04
11431.04
IC
1.20
c
I
N
E
A
R
DAY
TRENO
LINEAR
P­
XYLENE
1
1047.74
1047.74
0.11
0
­
I
­
.
..
.
.
I
.
.
.,
..
.

TABLE
L
I
COORDINATION
TEST
PERFORMANCE
DURING
EXPOSURE
TO
p­
XYLENE
0
PPM
100
PPM
20
PPM
150
PPM
100
PPM
F
0
PPM
F
M
W
F
M
.W
F
M
W
F
M
W
F
M
S~~
JECT
I
48
35
36
33
49
­A
4
16
16
12
14
36
30
­
117
67
72
67
85
75
78
85
76
62B
68
82
81
66
80
248
87
83
77
83
86
89
82
79
86
­A
86
84
83
249
85
­

25
0
63
67
81
77
78
74
67
74
72
76
67­
77
77
80
A
A:

B:
Subject
o
u
t
due
t
o
illness
Subject
complained
of
eye
i
r
r
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
1
hour
p
r
i
o
r
to
tests
,

000106
Subj
ec
t
No.
­
\

117
248
249
250
251
252
25
5
256
25
7
Previous
to
study
5.50
6.50
7.20
6.50
­

8.50
6.10
7.40
4.40
5.50
in
mg/
dl*
TABLE
LIII
p­
XYLENE
EXPOSURE
SERUM
URIC
ACID
CONCENTRATIONS
Wk
4,
Day
4
Wk
6,
Day
2
Wk
2,
Day
4
Wk
3,
Day
4
150
ppm
0
ppm
100
ppm
20
ppm
Group
I,
Males
4.70
4.20
4.10
5.40
8.20
6.50
6.30
5.10
5.30
4.40
4.50
6.00
5.30
6.00
8.70**

5.20
c
Group
11,
Males
5.90
5.60
5.70
5.10
Group
111,
Males
5.50
4.20
.

3.80
5.60
­­
­­

*Normal
range
for
laboratory:
2.5­
8.5
mg/
dl.

**
Out­
of­
normal
range.
5.90
5.40
­­

3.90
5.90
4.50
5.00
­­

2.60
5.20
000107
.
..
I
Sub
j
ec
t
No.

117
248
249
250
251
252
255
256
257
TABLE
LIV
p­
XYLENE
EXPOSURE
WHITE
BLOOD
COUNT,
thousands*

P
rev
io
us
Wk
2,
Day
4
Wk
3,
Day
4
to
study
­
100
ppm
20
ppm
'

Group
I,
Males
5.10
4.60**
4.90
6.70
5.70
5.90
5.90
6.20
6.60
.­

5.40
4.60**
6.00
Group
11,
Males
5.10
5.80
6.40
8.40
8.60
lI.
80**

Group
IIX,
Males
5.30
4.30**
5.10
4.90
­­
5.00
5.70
­­
5.80
*Normal
range
for
laboratory:
4.8­
108
thousand.

**
Out­
of­
normal
range.
Wk
4,
Day
4
150
ppm
4.40**

6.20
8.20
5.20
­

5.60
8.60
6.00
5.60
Wk
6,
Day
2
0
ppm
4
.
SO**

5.70
6.90
3.70**

6.80
8.30
­­

5.20
5.20
000108
p­
XYLENE,
PPM
0
0
0
In
H
"5
4
.x
a
W
a
..
a
5
o
a
H
H
I
1
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8
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1
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8
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1
1
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t
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1
1
0
m
0
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0
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3
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FIGURE
10
VER'S
OF
SUBJECT
258
2­
28­
75,
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ppi
2om
[
n
15m
5H3
Om
2­
24­
75,
100­
ppm
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ppm
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PPM
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Type
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Sex
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