Document ID: EPA-HQ-ORD-2004-0018-0017
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2005-01-14T05:00Z

In
response
to
the
Call
for
Information
at
69
Fed.
Reg.
64926,
on
the
behalf
of
the
Missouri
Coalition
for
the
Environment
and
Leslie
and
Jack
Warden,
the
Washington
University
Interdisciplinary
Environmental
Clinic
submits
the
following
information:

Title
Authors
Date
Journal
Intellectual
impairment
in
children
with
blood
lead
concentrations
below
10
micrograms
per
deciliter
Canfield
et.
al.
April
2003
New
England
Journal
Of
Medicine
Cognitive
Deficits
Associated
with
Blood
Lead
Concentrations
Less
Than
Ten
Micrograms
Per
Deciliter
in
U.
S.
Children
and
Adolescents
Lamphear
et.
al.
November/
Dece
mber
2000
Public
Health
Reports
Early
lead
exposure
produces
lasting
changes
in
sustained
attention,
response
initiation,
and
reactivity
to
errors
Morgan
et.
al.
2001
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
The
Yugoslavia
Prospective
Lead
Study:
contributions
of
prenatal
and
postnatal
lead
exposure
to
early
intelligence
Wasserman
et.
al.
2000
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Relations
of
Bone
and
Blood
Lead
to
Cognitive
Function:

The
VA
Normative
Aging
Study
Payton
et.
al.
1998
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Reaction
Time
Changes
in
Workers
Exposed
to
Lead
Stollery
et.
al.
1996
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Effect
of
smelter
emissions
reductions
on
children's
blood
lead
levels
Hilts
February
2003
Science
of
the
Total
Environment
Long­
term
blood
lead
levels
among
children
in
Chicago:

relationship
to
air
lead
levels
Hayes
et.
al.
February
1994
Pediatrics
Specific
relationship
between
blood
lead
and
air
lead
in
the
crystal
industry
Pierre
et.
al.
April
2002
International
Archives
of
Occupational
Environmental
Health
Atmospheric
and
children's
blood
lead
as
indicators
of
vehicular
traffic
and
other
emission
sources
in
Mumbai,
India
Tripathi
et.
al.
2001
Science
of
the
Total
Environment
Respiratory
exposure
to
lead:
Epidemiologic
and
experimental
dose­
response
relationships
Goldsmith
et.
al.
October
1967
Science
Neurotoxicity
in
young
adults
20
years
after
childhood
exposure
to
lead:
the
Bunker
Hill
experience
Stokes
et.
al.
1998
Occupational
Environmental
Medicine
Air
Quality
Guidelines
 
Second
Edition;
Chapter
6.7
Lead
2001
World
Health
Organization
The
High
Cost
of
Improper
Removal
of
Lead­
Based
Paint
from
Housing:
A
Case
Report
Jacobs
et.
al.
February
2003
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Maternal
Bone
Lead
as
an
Independent
Risk
Factor
for
Fetal
Neurotoxicity:
A
Prospective
Study
Gomaa
et.
al.
July
2002
Pediatrics
Multiple
Metal
Contamination
from
House
Paints:

Consequences
of
Power
Sanding
and
Paint
Scraping
in
New
Orleans
Mielke
et.
al.
September
2001
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Early
exposure
to
lead
and
juvenile
delinquency
Dietrich
et.
al.
2001
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Neurodevelopmental
effects
of
postnatal
lead
exposure
at
very
low
levels
Chiodo
et.
al.
2004
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Bone
lead
levels
in
adjudicated
delinquents:
A
case
control
study
Needleman
et.
al.
2002
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Contribution
of
maternal
smoking
during
pregnancy
and
lead
exposure
to
early
child
behavior
problems
Wasserman
et.
al.
2001
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Temporal
pattern
in
the
effect
of
postnatal
blood
lead
level
on
intellectual
development
of
young
children
Schnaas
et.
al.
2000
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Brainstem
auditory
evoked
response
at
five
years
and
prenatal
and
postnatal
blood
lead
Rothenberg
et.
al.
2000
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Pre­
and
Postnatal
Lead
Effect
on
Head
Circumference:
A
Case
for
Critical
Periods
Rothenberg
et.
al.
1999
Neurotoxicology
and
Teratology
Effects
of
lead
on
neutrophil
functions
in
occupationally
exposed
workers
Undeger
and
Basaran
1998
Environmental
Toxicology
and
Pharmacology
Blood
Lead
Concentration
and
Delayed
Puberty
in
Girls
Selevan
April
2003
New
England
Journal
of
Medicine
Lead
Poisoning:
From
Screening
to
Primary
Prevention
American
Acadamy
of
Pediatrics,
Committee
on
Environmental
Health
July
1993
Pediatrics
Declining
Blood
Lead
Levels
and
Changes
in
Cognitive
Function
During
Childhood:
The
Port
Pirie
Cohort
Study
Tong
et.
al.
December
1998
The
Journal
of
the
American
Medical
Association
Association
of
Dental
Caries
and
Blood
Lead
Levels
Moss
et.
al.
June
1999
The
Journal
of
the
American
Medical
Association
Lead,
Diabetes,
Hypertension,
and
Renal
Function:
The
Normative
Aging
Study
Tsaih
et.
al.
August
2004
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Influence
of
Bone
Resorption
on
the
Mobilization
of
Lead
from
Bone
among
Middle­
aged
and
Elderly
Men:
The
Normative
Aging
Study
Tsaih
et.
al.
October
2001
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Lead
Levels
in
High­
risk
and
Low­
risk
Young
Children
in
the
Minneapolis
 
St.
Paul
Metropolitan
Area
Nordin
et.
al.
January
1998
Pediatrics
Prevalence
of
Excess
Lead
Absorption
and
Associated
Risk
Factors
in
Children
Enrolled
in
a
Midwestern
Health
Nordin
et.
al.
February
1994
Pediatrics
Maintenance
Organization
Rural­
Urban
Blood
Lead
Differences
in
North
Carolina
Children
Norman
et.
al.
July
1994
Pediatrics
Prevalence
of
Lead
Poisoning
Among
Two­
Year
Old
Children
in
Vermont
Paulozzi
et.
al.
July
1995
Pediatrics
Bioavailability
of
Soilborne
Lead
in
Adults,
by
Stable
Isotope
Dilution
Maddaloni
et.
al.
December
1998
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Environmental
Pollutants
and
Disease
in
American
Children:

Estimates
of
Morbidity,
Mortality,
and
Costs
for
Lead
Poisoning,
Asthma,
Cancer,
and
Developmental
Disabilities
Landrigan
et.
al.
July
2002
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
How
Lead
Exposure
Relates
to
Temporal
Changes
in
IQ,

Violent
Crime,
and
Unwed
Pregnancy
Nevin
May
2000
Environmental
Research
The
Relationship
Between
Lead
Exposure
and
Homicide
Stretesky
and
Lynch
May
2001
Archives
of
Pediatrics
and
Adolescent
Medicine
Lead
neurotoxicity
in
children:
basic
mechanisms
and
clinical
correlates
Lidsky
and
Schneider
January
2003
Brain
Lifetime
Exposure
to
Environmental
Lead
and
Children's
Intelligence
at
11­
13
years:
the
Port
Pirie
Cohort
Study
Tong
et.
al.
June
1996
BMJ
(
British
Medical
Journal)

Blood
Lead
Levels
and
Mortality
Lustberg
and
Silbergeld
November
2002
Archives
of
Internal
Medicine
Environmental
Lead
Exposure
and
Progressive
Renal
Insufficiency
Lin
et.
al.
January
2001
Archives
of
Internal
Medicine
The
Effect
of
Chelation
Therapy
with
Succimer
on
Neuropsychological
Development
in
Children
Exposed
to
Lead
Rogan
et.
al.
May
2001
New
England
Journal
of
Medicine
Preventing
Lead
Poisoning
in
Children
Silbergeld
May
1997
Annual
Review
of
Public
Health
Bone
Lead
Levels
and
Delinquent
Behavior.
Needleman
et.
al.
February
1996
The
Journal
of
the
American
Medical
Association
Effects
of
Lead
on
Gene
Expression
Bouton
and
Pevsner
2000
Neurotoxicology
The
Effects
of
Home
Lead
Abatements
on
Childhood
Blood
Lead
Levels:
A
Retrospective
Follow­
up
Study
Rich
et.
al.
June
2001
Journal
of
Environmental
Health
Protein
Kinase
C
Activity
and
the
Relations
Between
Blood
Lead
and
Neurobehavioral
Function
in
Lead
Workers
Hwang
et.
al.
February
2002
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
The
Relationship
Between
Blood
Lead
Levels
and
Periodontal
Bone
Loss
in
the
United
States,
1988­
1994
Dye
et.
al.
October
2002
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Blood
Lead
Level
and
Dental
Caries
in
School­
Age
Children
Gemmel
et.
al.
October
2002
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Lead
Bellinger
April
2004
Pediatrics
Lead
Poisoning
Needleman
August
2003
Annual
Reviews
of
Medicine
Developmental
Immunotoxicology
of
Lead
Dietert
2004
Toxicology
and
Applied
Pharmacology
Toxicological
Profile
for
Lead
Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
and
Disease
Registry
July
1999
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
Public
Health
Service
Chemical
Speciation
of
Lead
Dust
Associated
with
Primary
Lead
Smelting
Spear
et.
al.
1998
Environmental
Health
Perspectives
Surveillance
for
elevated
blood
lead
levels
among
children­­

United
States,
1997­
2001.
Meyer
et.
al.
September
2003
Morbidity
Mortality
Weekly
Report,

Surveillance
Summary
Exposure
of
the
U.
S.
population
to
lead,
1991­
1994
Pirkle
et.
al.
November
1998
Environmental
Health
Perspectives