Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0307-0024
Agency: epa
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: Improvements for Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Test Procedures
Posted Date: 2020-05-12T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 92 (Tuesday, May 12, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 28140-28361]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-05963]

[[Page 28139]]

Vol. 85

Tuesday,

No. 92

May 12, 2020

Part II

Environmental Protection Agency

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40 CFR Parts 9, 59, 60, et al.

Improvements for Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Test Procedures, and 
Other Technical Amendments; Proposed Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 92 / Tuesday, May 12, 2020 / Proposed 
Rules  

[[Page 28140]]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 9, 59, 60, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 1027, 1033, 
1036, 1037, 1039, 1042, 1043, 1045, 1048, 1051, 1054, 1060, 1065, 
1066, and 1068

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0307; FRL-10006-90-OAR]
RIN 2060-AU62

Improvements for Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Test Procedures, 
and Other Technical Amendments

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing changes 
to the test procedures for heavy-duty engines and vehicles to improve 
accuracy and reduce testing burden. EPA is also proposing other 
regulatory amendments concerning light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty 
vehicles, highway motorcycles, locomotives, marine engines, other 
nonroad engines and vehicles, stationary engines. These would affect 
the certification procedures for exhaust emission standards, and 
related requirements. EPA is proposing similar amendments for 
evaporative emission standards for nonroad equipment and portable fuel 
containers. These amendments would increase compliance flexibility, 
harmonize with other requirements, add clarity, correct errors, and 
streamline the regulations. Given the nature of the proposed changes, 
they would have neither significant environmental impacts nor 
significant economic impacts for any sector.

DATES: 
    Comments: Comments must be received on or before June 26, 2020.
    Public Hearing: If anyone contacts us requesting a public hearing 
on or before May 19, 2020, we will hold a hearing in Ann Arbor, 
Michigan at 10 a.m. on May 27, 2020.

ADDRESSES:
    Comments. Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2019-0307, at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot 
be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. The EPA may publish any 
comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any 
information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) 
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a 
written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment 
and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA 
will generally not consider comments or comment contents located 
outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or other 
file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA 
public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, 
and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
    Public hearing. Individuals are invited to notify EPA of interest 
in a public hearing; see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    Public Participation: Public hearing. If we hold a public hearing, 
we will announce detailed information about the hearing on our website. 
Send requests for a hearing and questions about the status of a hearing 
to the contact identified in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    Comments. Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2019-0307, at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot 
be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. The EPA may publish any 
comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any 
information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) 
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a 
written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment 
and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will 
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of 
the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or other file sharing 
system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment 
policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general 
guidance on making effective comments, please visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
    Docket. EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0307. All documents in the docket are listed on 
the www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be 
publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket 
materials are available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or 
in hard copy at Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, EPA 
Docket Center, EPA/DC, EPA WJC West Building, 1301 Constitution Ave. 
NW, Room 3334, Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 
8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal 
holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 
566-1744, and the telephone number for the Air Docket is (202) 566-
1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Alan Stout, Office of Transportation 
and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division, Environmental 
Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; 
telephone number: (734) 214-4805; email address: stout.alan@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. General Information
II. Heavy-Duty Highway Amendments
    A. Test Procedures and Compliance Model Changes
    B. Heavy-Duty Engine GHG Emission Standards and Flexibility
    C. Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Emission Standards and Flexibility
    D. Requests for Comment on Phase 2 Regulations
    E. Other Heavy-Duty Highway Amendments
III. Other Amendments
    A. Ethanol-Blend Test Fuels for Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines 
and Vehicles, Highway Motorcycles, and Portable Fuel Containers
    B. Removing Obsolete CFR Content
    C. Certification Fees (40 CFR part 1027)
    D. Additional Amendments for Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle 
Engines (40 CFR parts 85 and 86)
    E. Additional Amendments for Locomotives (40 CFR part 1033)
    F. Additional Amendments for Land-Based Nonroad Diesel Engines 
(40 CFR part 1039)
    G. Additional Amendments for Marine Diesel Engines (40 CFR parts 
1042 and 1043)
    H. Portable Fuel Containers (40 CFR part 59)
    I. Evaporative Emission Standards for Nonroad Spark-Ignition 
Engines and Equipment (40 CFR part 1060)
    J. Additional Amendments for Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at 
or Below 19 kW (40 CFR part 1054)
    K. Amendments for General Compliance Provisions (40 CFR part 
1068)
    L. Other Requests for Comment
IV. Statutory Authority and Executive Order Reviews

[[Page 28141]]

General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    This action relates to companies that manufacture or sell new 
gasoline fueled light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, medium-duty 
passenger vehicles, or heavy-duty vehicles up to 14,000 pounds GVWR, as 
defined under EPA's CAA regulations,\1\ and passenger automobiles 
(passenger cars), non-passenger automobiles (light trucks), and heavy-
duty pickup trucks and vans as defined under National Highway Traffic 
Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) 
regulations.\2\ Additional amendments apply for different manufacturers 
of various types of nonroad and stationary engines, vehicles, and 
equipment.
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    \1\ ``Light-duty vehicle,'' ``light-duty truck,'' ``medium-duty 
passenger vehicle,'' and ``heavy-duty vehicle'' are defined in 40 
CFR 86.1803-01.
    \2\ ``Passenger automobile'' and ``non-passenger automobile'' 
are defined in 49 CFR 523.4 and 523.5, respectively. ``Heavy-duty 
pickup trucks and vans'' are defined in 49 CFR 523.7.
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    Regulated categories and entities include the following:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Examples of
           Category               NAICS codes \A\        potentially
                                                      regulated entities
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Industry.....................  333618, 336111,       Motor vehicle
                                336112, 336120,       manufacturers and
                                336211, 336212,       engine
                                336611, 336911,       manufacturers.
                                336999.
Industry.....................  811111, 811112,       Commercial
                                811198, 423110.       importers of
                                                      vehicles and
                                                      vehicle
                                                      components.
Industry.....................  335312, 811198......  Alternative fuel
                                                      vehicle
                                                      converters.
Industry.....................  326199, 332431......  Portable fuel
                                                      container
                                                      manufacturers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\A\ North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

    This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this 
action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

B. What action is the Agency taking?

    This action proposes to amend the regulations that implement our 
air pollutant emission standards for engines, vehicles and mobile 
equipment. The proposed amendments, which are generally technical 
amendments that include corrections, clarifications, and flexibilities. 
In other words, this proposal comprises a significant variety of small 
changes for multiple types of engines and equipment.
    The majority of amendments being proposed would modify existing 
test procedures for heavy-duty highway engines and vehicles. These test 
procedure changes would improve accuracy, and in some cases, reduce 
test burden. They would apply for measurement of criteria pollutants 
(such as NOX), as well as greenhouse gas pollutants 
(primarily CO2).
    Other heavy-duty highway amendments would update EPA regulations to 
enhance implementation of existing emission standards. For example, 
some changes would reduce the likelihood that manufacturers would need 
to duplicate certification efforts to comply with EPA, Canadian, and 
Californian standards. Some amendments would make it easier for 
manufacturers to more fully account for the emission benefits of 
advanced emission control technology, which could provide them the 
opportunity to generate additional emission credits. These heavy-duty 
highway amendments are described in Section II.
    This notice also proposes other amendments that are generally 
administrative or technical in nature and include amendments for 
nonroad engines and vehicles. These amendments are described in Section 
III. Perhaps the most visible administrative amendment would be the 
elimination of hundreds of pages of obsolete regulations, which is 
described in Section III.B.

C. What are the incremental costs and benefits of this action?

    This action is limited in scope and is not intended to include 
amendments that would have significant economic or environmental 
impacts. EPA has not drafted a Regulatory Impact Analysis.

Heavy-Duty Highway Amendments

A. Test Procedures and Compliance Model Changes

    Since the promulgation of the Phase 2 regulations, manufacturers 
have been revising their internal test procedures to ensure they will 
be able to comply with the new requirements that begin in model year 
2021. In doing so, they have identified several areas in which the test 
procedure regulations could be improved (in terms of overall accuracy, 
repeatability and clarity) without changing the effective stringency of 
the standards. Commenters who believe that EPA has included changes 
that change the stringency of the standards are encouraged to consider 
the potential impact in the context of the full range of proposed 
changes to the test procedures, and to suggest ways in which EPA could 
avoid the impact of such changes on stringency.
    EPA is proposing numerous changes to the test procedure regulations 
to address manufacturers' concerns and to address other issues we have 
identified. These proposed changes are described below. The list 
includes numerous editorial changes that simply correct typographical/
formatting errors or revise the text to improve clarity. Although these 
amendments are being proposed primarily in the context of heavy-duty 
engines and vehicles, the proposed amendments to part 1065 will also 
apply to nonroad engines, and the proposed amendments to part 1066 will 
also apply to light-duty vehicles. However, since these amendments are 
mostly editorial or adding flexibility, they will not adversely impact 
these other sectors.
1. 40 CFR Part 1036 Test Procedures
    The regulations in 40 CFR part 1036, subpart F, specify how to 
measure emissions from heavy-duty engines. The test procedure 
amendments being proposed for part 1036 are primarily for the purposes 
of adding flexibility and reducing variability in test results. 
Additional information that led to proposal of many of these changes 
arose from a test program at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) that 
was jointly funded by EPA and the Engine Manufacturers Association 
(EMA). These amendments are summarized below, and readers are referred 
to the proposed part 1036, subpart F regulatory text for additional 
information. Amendments for other subparts of part 1036 (i.e., 
amendments not directly related to test procedures) are discussed in 
Section I.C.
     1036.501(g)--Adding a new paragraph (g) to denote duty 
cycles for testing MY 2016-2020 engines.

[[Page 28142]]

     1036.501(h)--Adding a new paragraph (h)(2) to cross-
reference citation of transient test cycle specification for testing MY 
2021 and later engines. In paragraph (h)(3)(ii), adding clarification 
that weighting factors for the Ramped Modal Cycle (RMC) are to be 
applied to CO2 to calculate the composite emission result. 
Note that this proposed rule includes amendments to refer to the 
steady-state duty cycle as the Ramped Modal Cycle rather than the 
Supplemental Emission Test.
     1036.503--Migrating 1036.510 to new 1036.503. Updating 
existing paragraph (c) and adding a new (c)(4) and (d)(4). The new text 
specifies that the engine manufacturer must provide idle speed and 
torque to the vehicle manufacturer. Additional direction given on 
handling data points for a low speed governor where the governor is 
active.
     1036.505--Adding a new paragraph (b) to give direction on 
both engine and powertrain testing. Modifying Table 1 to include 
vehicle speed and grade parameters to facilitate the hybrid powertrain 
testing option.
     1036.510--Adding a new section regarding transient testing 
of engines and hybrids to facilitate hybrid certification for both GHG 
and criteria pollutants.
     1036.525(d)(4)(ii)--Editorial revisions to equation and 
example calculations.
     1036.527--New section added to provide a means to 
determine hybrid powertrain systems rated power. This is needed to 
facilitate the addition of the hybrid powertrain testing option.
     1036.530(b)(1)(i) and (2)--Updating to require test fuel 
mass-specific energy content to be analyzed by three different labs and 
the arithmetic mean to be used in the calculation. Updating carbon mass 
fraction determination to allow analysis by a single lab only to 
facilitate on-line analysis from pipeline supplied natural gas. Updated 
to add ASTM method for determination of test fuel mass-specific energy 
content for natural gas.
     1036.530 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1036.535--Generally updating to improve the engine fuel 
mapping test procedures based on the jointly funded EPA-EMA test 
program. The overall result of these updates is to reduce the 
variability of the emission test results to improve lab-to-lab 
variability.
     1036.540--Generally updating to improve the cycle-average 
fuel mapping test procedure as a result of the jointly funded EPA-EMA 
test program at SwRI. The overall result of these updates is to reduce 
the variability of the emission test results to improve lab-to-lab 
variability.
     1036.543--Adding new section to address carbon balance 
error verification. This is a result of the jointly funded EPA-EMA test 
program. The overall result of these updates is to reduce the 
variability of the emission test results to improve lab-to-lab 
variability.
2. 40 CFR Part 1037 Test Procedures
    The regulations in 40 CFR part 1037, subpart F, specify how to 
measure emissions from heavy-duty vehicles. They also specify how to 
measure certain GEM inputs, such as aerodynamic drag, rolling 
resistance, and axle efficiency. The test procedure amendments being 
proposed for part 1037, which are summarized below, are primarily for 
the purpose of reducing variability in test results and adding optional 
test procedures. Given the technical nature of these proposed 
amendments, readers are referred to the regulatory text for additional 
details. Proposed amendments for other subparts of part 1037 (i.e., 
amendments not directly related to test procedures) are discussed in 
Section I.C.
     1037.105 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1037.106 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1037.510(a)(2) and (e)--Edit in (a)(2) introductory 
paragraph. Updating (a)(2)(ii) and (iii) as result of the jointly 
funded EPA-Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) test program at SwRI. 
The overall result of these updates is to reduce the variability of the 
emission test results to improve lab-to-lab variability. Update (e) 
making use of cruise control optional as variability can be high if 
cruise control is used.
     1037.510 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1037.515 Table 3--Updated footnote format in table.
     1037.520 Table 1 and (f)--Correcting typo in CdA value for 
low-roof cabs for Bin III. Updating cross-reference in (f).
     1037.520(g)--Adding some additional vehicle 
characteristics that need to be reported. Also providing clarification 
on the application of the 6x4D drive axle configuration. This includes 
a better description of the application as well as qualifiers that 
allow for use of this configuration.
     1037.520(i)--Adding torque converter characterization.
     1037.520 Table 1--Updating Table to include additional 
technologies and GEM input values for automatic engine shutdown 
systems.
     1037.520(j)(5)--Correcting error that transposed school 
and coach bus GEM inputs.
     1037.520 Table 6--Updated footnote format in table.
     1037.528(h)(6)(ii)--Adding direction to use good 
engineering judgment when measuring rolling resistance for equation 11.
     1037.528--Updating equation 14. The ``+'' is replaced with 
a ``-'', correcting a typo.
     1037.534--Updating equation 6, and corresponding example 
problem. The update applies italics to ``i''.
     1037.540--Updating equations 1, 2, and 3. The update 
applies italics to ``i''.
     1037.540(e) and (f)--Adding section reference for location 
of standard payload.
     1037.540 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1037.550--Global updates as a result of the joint EPA-EMA 
fuel mapping test program at SwRI and general improvements based on 
experience gained from testing powertrain systems. The overall result 
of these updates is to reduce the variability of the emission test 
results to improve lab-to-lab variability.
     1037.551--Updating reference.
     1037.555--Updating equations 1 and 3, edits. The updates 
apply italics to ``i''.
     1037.560--Making it optional to drain gear oil after break 
in. Providing the option of an alternative temperature range to provide 
harmonization with EC test procedure. Also, edits pertaining to improve 
the readability of the Ploss (i.e., power loss) variable description.
     1037.565--Providing an option to map additional test 
points. Also, edits pertaining to improve the readability of the Ploss 
variable description.
     1037.570--Adding new section to determine torque converter 
capacity factor. This will allow a manufacturer to determine their own 
torque converter capacity factor instead of using the default value 
provided in GEM. The option to use the default value still remains.
3. 40 CFR Part 1065 Test Procedures
    The regulations in 40 CFR part 1065 specify general procedures for 
measuring emissions from engines--heavy-duty highway engines, as well 
as nonroad engines. The amendments being proposed for part 1065, which 
are summarized below, are primarily for the purpose of reducing 
variability in test results.
    The regulations in part 1065 rely heavily on acronyms and 
abbreviations (see 40 CFR 1065.1005 for a complete list). Acronyms used 
here are summarized in the following table:

[[Page 28143]]

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM.............................  American Society for Testing and
                                    Materials
CVS..............................  Constant-Volume Sampler
DEF..............................  Diesel Exhaust Fluid
ECM..............................  Electronic Control Module
NIST.............................  National Institute for Standards and
                                    Technology
NMC FID..........................  Nonmethane Cutter with a Flame
                                    Ionization Detector
NMHC.............................  Nonmethane Hydrocarbon
NMNEHC...........................  Nonmethane Nonethane Hydrocarbon
RMC..............................  Ramped Modal Cycle
THC FID..........................  Flame Ionization Detector for Total
                                    Hydrocarbons
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to the amendments listed below that are being proposed 
for part 1065, we request comment on the use of ASTM test method D2784 
to measure the sulfur content in liquefied petroleum gas test fuels. 
This method, which is specified as the applicable test method in Sec.  
1065.720, has been withdrawn by ASTM without replacement. We request 
comment on whether we should continue to specify this method or specify 
an active method. For example, should we specify ASTM D6667 instead and 
incorporate it by reference into the regulations?
     1065.1(g)--Updated test procedure URL.
     1065.130(e)--Revised language to denote that carbon 
balance should be performed to verify exhaust system integrity in place 
of chemical balance.
     1065.140(c)(6)(i)--Corrected typo. Replaced ``dew point'' 
with ``dewpoint''.
     1065.140(e)(2)--Revised language to add clarification on 
how to determine minimum dilution ratio for discrete mode testing.
     1065.145(e)(3)(i)--Removed requirement to heat sample pump 
if it is located upstream of a NOX converter or chiller. 
Replaced with requirement to design the sample system to prevent 
aqueous condensation. Given that the concern is loss of NO2 
in the sampling system, the pump itself doesn't necessarily need to be 
heated as there are a number of ways to prevent condensation.
     1065.170--Revised to allow you to stop sampling during 
hybrid tests when the engine is off and allow exclusion of the sampling 
off portions of the test from the proportional sampling verification. 
Also added provision for hybrid testing to allow supplemental dilution 
air to be added to the bag in the event that sampled volumes are too 
low for emission analysis.
     1065.205 Table 1--Revised with edits and the addition of a 
recommended performance specification for fuel mass scales to reduced 
fuel flow measurement error.
     1065.220(a) introductory and (a)(3)--Updated the 
application of fuel flow meter to more correctly reflect how and what 
they are used for in 1065.
     1065.225(a) introductory and (a)(3)--Updated the 
application of intake flow meter to more correctly reflect how and what 
they are used for in 1065.
     1065.247(c)(2)--Edit to apply requirements to DEF dosing 
unit rather than to the engine.
     1065.260(e)--Add the word ``some'' as a qualifier for 
gaseous fueled engines with respect to using the additive method for 
NMHC determination.
     1065.266--Updated URL.
     1065.275--Deleted URL and replaced with reference to URL 
in 1065.266.
     1065.280(a)--Updated to reflect that there is no method in 
1065.650 for determining oxygen balance and that you should develop a 
method using good engineering judgment.
     1065.303 Table 1--Updated for formatting. Updated to add 
Fuel mass scale and DEF mass scale to the linearity verifications in 
1065.307. Updated verification in 1065.341 to replace ``batch sampler'' 
with ``PFD'' as PFD is the preferred language. Updated one, and added 
two, footnotes excluding linearity verification for DEF flow if the ECM 
is used and for fuel and intake air flow if propane checks or carbon 
balance is performed. This is not a new exemption, it just relocates it 
to the footnote area.
     1065.307(d)(4)--Revised to include DEF mass flow rate. The 
paragraph is also enhanced to include additional requirement to correct 
or account for buoyancy effects and flow disturbances to improve the 
flow measurement.
     1065.307(d)(6)(i)--Revised to state that the span gas can 
only contain one single constituent in balance air (or N2 if 
using a gas analyzer) as the reference signal for linearity 
determination.
     1065.307(d)(7)--Revised to state that the span gas can 
only contain one single constituent in balance air (or N2 if 
using a gas analyzer) as the reference signal for linearity 
determination.
     1065.307(d)(9)--Expanded paragraph to include fuel and DEF 
mass scales and provided additional requirements for performing the 
linearity verification on these scales.
     1065.370(e)(3)(i) and (ii)--Edits to make intent clear.
     1065.307(e)(3)(iii)--Defined mmax for a fuel 
mass scale.
     1065.307(e)(5)--Provided additional information 
surrounding requirements for using a propane check or carbon balance 
verification in place of a flow meter linearity verification.
     1065.307(e)(7)(i)(F) and (G)--Added transmission oil and 
axle gear oil to temperature measurements that require linearity 
verification.
     1065.307 Table 1--Added DEF flow rate.
     1065.307 Table 2--Added a new Table 2 to provided 
additional guidance on when optional verifications to the flow meter 
linearity verifications can be used.
     1065.309(d)(2)--Updated to allow the use of water vapor 
injection for humidification of gases.
     1065.315(a)(3)--Editorial revisions.
     1065.320(b) and (c)--Deleted the existing paragraph (b) 
and moved the existing (c) to (b) as this is now adequately covered in 
1065.307.
     1065.341 introductory text--Revised to clarify which 
subparagraphs apply to CVS and which apply to PFD.
     1065.341(g)--Revised to replace ``batch sampler'' with 
``PFD'' throughout. Also, edited to provide further clarification on 
the procedure.
     1065.341(h)--New paragraph added to reference Table 2 of 
1065.307 regarding when alternate verifications can be used.
     1065.342(d)(2)--Updated to allow the use of water vapor 
injection for humidification of gases.
     1065.350(d)(2)--Updated to allow the use of water vapor 
injection for humidification of gases.
     1065.355(d)(2)--Updated to allow the use of water vapor 
injection for humidification of gases.
     1065.360(a)(4)--Added new requirement to determine methane 
and ethane THC FID response factors as a function of exhaust molar 
water content when measuring emissions from a gaseous fueled engine. 
This is to account for the effect water has on non-methane cutters.
     1065.360(d)(12)--Added process to determine methane and 
ethane THC FID response factors as a function of exhaust molar water 
content when measuring emissions from a gaseous fueled engine. This is 
to account for the effect water has on non-methane cutters.
     1065.365(d)--Added new requirement to determine NMC FID 
methane penetration fraction and ethane response factor as a function 
of exhaust molar water content when measuring emissions from a gaseous 
fueled engine. This is to account for the effect water has on non-
methane cutters.
     1065.365(d)(10) and (11)--Added process to determine NMC 
FID methane penetration fraction and ethane response factors as a 
function of exhaust molar water content when measuring emissions from a 
gaseous fueled engine. This is to account for the effect water has on 
non-methane cutters.

[[Page 28144]]

     1065.370(e)(5)--Updated to allow the use of water vapor 
injection for humidification of gases.
     1065.375(d)(2)--Updated to allow the use of water vapor 
injection for humidification of gases.
     1065.410(d)--Updated to state that you may repair a test 
engine if the parts are unrelated to emissions without prior approval. 
If the part may affect emissions, prior approval is required.
     1065.510(a), (b)(5)(i), and (f)(4)(i)--Removed requirement 
for engine stabilization during mapping and relocated it to 
1065.510(b)(5)(i), which lays out the mapping procedure. Added a 
recommended stabilization time at each setpoint. Also added allowance 
to specify CITT as a function of idle speed in cases where an engine 
has an adjustable warm idle or enhanced idle.
     1065.512(b)(1) and (2)--Added additional procedures on how 
to operate the engine and validate the duty-cycle when an engine 
utilized enhanced-idle speed. This also addresses denormalization of 
the reference torque when enhanced-idle speed is active.
     1065.530(a)(2)(iii)--Added new instruction on how to 
determine that the engine temperature has stabilized for air cooled 
engines. Part 1065 is deficient on how to determine this.
     1065.530(g)(5)--New paragraph to cover carbon balance 
error verification if it is performed as part of the test sequence.
     1065.543--New section on carbon balance error verification 
procedure. This was added to further reduce measurement variability for 
the fuel mapping test procedure in part 1036.
     1065.602(b), (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (j), (k)--Editorial 
revisions. The updates apply italics to ``i''.
     1065.602 Table 2--Corrected an Nref-1 typo for value 
``22''. It was mistakenly listed as ``20''.
     1065.602(f)--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.610(a)(1)(iv)--Editorial updates applying italics to 
``i''.
     1065.610(a)(2)--Clarification to denote that the alternate 
maximum test speed determined is for all duty-cycles.
     1065.610(d)(3)--Added provision to use good engineering 
judgment to come up with an alternate procedure for adjusting CITT as a 
function of speed.
     1065.640(a) and (d)(1)--Deleting a comma in (a)(1). 
Providing a conversion to kg/mol for Mmix in (d)(1). Also correcting an 
error in the example problem to equation 1065.640-10 where Mmix was 
used with the wrong units.
     1065.642(b)--Section reference correction.
     1065.642(c)(1)--Defining Cf.
     1065.643--New section on carbon balance error verification 
calculations to support the new section 1065.543.
     1065.650(b)(3)--Added DEF to what is needed for chemical 
balance.
     1065.650(c)(1)--Relocated transformation time requirement 
here from 1065.650(c)(2)(i).
     1065.650(c)(3)--Equation edit. The update applies italics 
to ``i''.
     1065.650(d)(7)--Editorial updates applying italics to 
``i''.
     1065.650(f)(2)--Added DEF to what is needed for chemical 
balance.
     1065.655 title--Added ``DEF''.
     1065.655(c)(3)--Updated xccombdry variable 
description to include injected fluid.
     1065.655(e)(1)(i)--Added additional clarity regarding 
determination of carbon and hydrogen mass fraction of fuel, 
specifically to S and N content.
     1065.655(e)(4)--Equation and variable edits for format. 
The updates apply italics to ``i''.
     1065.655 Table 1--Updated reference.
     1065.655(f)(3)--Restricted the use of equation 1065.655-25 
if the standard setting part requires carbon balance verification. 
Also, the section contains edits for format.
     1065.655(g)(1)--Updated reference.
     1065.659(c)(2) and (3)--Added DEF to chemical balance.
     1065.660(b)(4)--Variable edit. Corrected chemical formula 
typo for acetaldehyde.
     1065.660(c)(2)--Included NMC FID as allowable option in 
NMNEHC calculation.
     1065.665(a)--Deleted the variable and description for 
C# as it is not used in any calculation in this section.
     1065.667(d)--Added DEF to chemical balance description.
     1065.695(c)(8)(v)--Added carbon balance verification.
     1065.701(b)--Updated title for California gasoline type.
     1065.701 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.703 Table 1--Updated to correct units for kinematic 
viscosity and updated footnote format in table.
     1065.705 Table 1--Updated to correct units for kinematic 
viscosity and updated footnote format in table.
     1065.710 Table 1--Edits for format consistency and updated 
footnote format in table.
     1065.710 Table 2--Edits for format consistency. Added 
allowance to use ASTM D5769 for total aromatic content determination 
and ASTM D6550 for olefin determination. These were added because the 
dye used in the current method, ASTM D1319 is becoming scarce and thus 
an alternate method is needed. Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.715 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.720 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.750 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.905 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.915 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.1001--Updated definition of test interval to note 
that the mass of emissions is determined over it.
     1065.1005(a)--Updated footnote format in table.
     1065.1005(a), (c) and (d)--Updated to follow NIST SP-811 
format.
     1065.1005(a) and (e)--symbols and subscripts updated to 
reflect new one added during the above revisions to part 1065.
     1065.1005(f)(2)--molar mass of ethane added. Updated 
footnote format in table.
4. 40 CFR Part 1066 Test Procedures
    The regulations in 40 CFR part 1066, specify general procedures for 
measuring emissions from vehicles. The amendments being proposed for 
part 1066, which are summarized below, are primarily editorial.
     1066.1(g)--Updated to current URL.
     1066.135(a)(1)--Widened the range for verifications of a 
gas divider derived analyzer calibration curve to 10 to 60%. This is to 
ease lab burden with respect to the number of gas cylinders they must 
have on hand. Also, made this midspan check optional as it is no longer 
needed because part 1066 requires yearly linearity verification of the 
gas divider.
     1066.210(d)(3)--Changed acceleration of Earth's gravity 
from calculation under 40 CFR 1065.630 to a default value of 9.80665 m/
s\2\. This was changed because the track coastdown doesn't take place 
in the same location that the dynamometer resides. Therefore, best 
practice is to use a default value for gravity.
     1066.255(c)--Added clarification that the torque 
transducer zero and span are mathematically done prior to the start of 
the procedure.
     1066.270(c)(4)--Corrected units for force in mean force 
variable description. Corrected example problem solution.
     1066.275--Extended the frequency to an optional 7 days 
prior to testing if historic data from the test site supports a 
frequency of more than 1 day.
     1066.405--Updated title to include ``maintenance''.
     1066.405(a)-(c)--Moved introductory paragraph to (a). 
Created

[[Page 28145]]

new paragraphs (b) and (c) to address test vehicle inspection, 
maintenance and repair, consistent with 1065.410.
     1066.420 Table 1--Updated footnote format in table.
     1066.605--Edit in paragraph (c)(4), NMHC typo, corrected 
to NMHCE. Edits to equation 1066.605-10, italics added for format 
consistency.
     1066.610--Edit to equation 1066.610-4. Italics added for 
format consistency.
     1066.710(c)(1)(A)--Updated for clarity.
     1066.710(c)(2)--Updated to more clearly reflect how 
automatic HVAC control operates in vehicles and how it should be 
operated for the test.
     1066.801 Figure 1--Updated to reflect that the initial 
vehicle soak, as outlined in the regulations, is a 6-hour minimum and 
not a range of 6 to 36 hours.
     1066.930--Added a period to the end of the sentence.
     1066.1005(c) and (d)--Updated to follow NIST SP-811 
format.
     1066.1005(f)--Updated footnote format in table.
5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model (GEM)
    GEM is a computer application that estimates the greenhouse gas 
(GHG) emissions and fuel efficiency performance of specific aspects of 
heavy-duty (HD) vehicles. Under the existing Phase 2 regulations, GEM 
3.0 is used to determine compliance with the Phase 2 standards from 
several vehicle-specific inputs, such as engine fuel maps, aerodynamic 
drag coefficients, and vehicle weight rating.\3\ GEM simulates engine 
operation over two cruise cycles, one transient cycle, and for 
vocational vehicles, idle operation. These results are weighted by GEM 
to provide a composite GEM score that is compared to the standard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ Greenhouse gas Emissions Model (GEM) Phase 2, Version 3.0, 
July 2016. A working version of this software is also available for 
download at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/gem.htm. This version 
has been incorporated by reference at 40 CFR 1037.810.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA is to incorporate by reference into the regulations a revised 
version of GEM (Version 3.5) for manufacturers to demonstrate 
compliance with the Phase 2 standards.\4\ The following changes have 
been incorporated in the proposed new version, to allow additional 
compliance flexibilities and improve the vehicle simulation:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ Greenhouse gas Emissions Model (GEM) Phase 2, Version 3.5, 
November 2019. A working version of this software is also available 
for download at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/gem.htm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Correcting how idle emission rates are used in the model.
     Increasing the allowable weight reduction range to 25,000 
pounds.
     For powertrain input, adding an input for powertrain rated 
power to scale default engine power.
     Recalibrated driver over speed allowance on cruise cycles 
from 3 mph to 2.5 mph.
     Revised engine cycle generation outputs with corrected 
engine cycle generation torque output from model based on simulated 
inertia and rate limited speed target.
     Added scaling of powertrain simulation default engine and 
transmission maps based on new rated power input.
     Changed interpolation of fuel map used in post processing 
to be consistent with one used in simulation.
     Powertrain accessory load correction.
     Add torque converter k-factor input option.
     Cycle average cycles: add flag for points that are to be 
considered ``idle.''
     Improved handling of large input tables.
    Of these, the changes for idling emissions are the most 
significant. GEM 3.0 included an error where parked idle fuel map was 
used for ARB transient idle correction, which has been corrected for 
GEM 3.5 to use the drive idle portion of the map. (Note also that 
parked fuel map is now only required for vocational vehicles.) GEM 3.5 
reads idle speed from the vehicle file and allows manufacturers to use 
default values that EPA used to develop the standards. Other idle 
changes include additional adjustments to cycle average fuel for 
differences between mapped idle and simulated idle using non-moving 
average speed and load of the ARB transient cycle average map, 
regression lookup of cycle average map uses only portions with vehicle 
moving, and post-process adjustment to fuel consumption based on 
simulated idle speed/load.
    Preliminary evaluations of GEM 3.5 indicate that there is little 
difference between GEM 3.0 and GEM 3.5 for cruise cycle operation. 
However, it is possible some minor differences may be observed for 
transient and idle operation of some vocational vehicles. We request 
comment on whether these differences would impact impact the effective 
stringency of the standards and whether either GEM or the regulations 
need to be revised to address them.

B. Heavy-Duty Engine GHG Emission Standards and Flexibility

1. Vocational Engines and Emission Credits
    We are proposing to revise how Phase 1 engine credits from 
vocational engines are treated in the Phase 2 program. As described 
below, we are proposing to allow more flexibility provided the credits 
are adjusted to accurately reflect the correct baseline.
    In developing the baseline emission rates for vocational engines in 
the final Phase 2 rulemaking, we considered MY 2016 FTP certification 
data for diesel engines, which showed an unexpected step-change 
improvement in engine fuel consumption and CO2 emissions 
compared to data considered in the proposed rule. The proposed baseline 
emission rates came from the Phase 1 standards, which in turn were 
derived from our estimates of emission rates for 2010 engines. The 
underlying reasons for this shift in the final rule were mostly related 
to manufacturers optimizing their SCR thermal management strategy over 
the FTP in ways that we (mistakenly) thought they already had in MY 
2010 (i.e., the Phase 1 baseline).
    As background, the FTP includes a cold-start, a hot-start and 
significant time spent at engine idle. During these portions of the 
FTP, the NOX SCR system can cool down and lose 
NOX reducing efficiency. To maintain SCR temperature, 
manufacturers initially used a simplistic strategy of burning extra 
fuel to heat the exhaust system. However, during the development of 
Phase 1, EPA believed manufacturers were using more sophisticated and 
efficient strategies to maintain SCR temperature. EPA's 
misunderstanding of the baseline technology for Phase 1 provided engine 
manufacturers the opportunity to generate windfall credits against the 
FTP standards.
    For the Phase 2 FRM, EPA revised the baseline emission rate for 
vocational engines to reflect the actual certified emission levels. The 
Phase 2 vocational engine final CO2 baseline emissions are 
shown in the table below. More detailed analyses on these Phase 2 
baseline values of tractor and vocational vehicles can be found in 
Chapter 2.7.4 of the Phase 2 Final RIA.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for 
Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles--Phase 2. Regulatory 
Impact Analysis, August 2016, EPA-420-R-16-900. See p. 2-76.

[[Page 28146]]

  Phase 2 Vocational Engine CO2 and Fuel Consumption Baseline Emissions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Units                        HHD      MHD      LHD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
g/bhp-hr.....................................      525      558      576
gal/100 bhp-hr...............................   5.1572   5.4813   5.6582
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA did not allow the carryover of Phase 1 vocational engine 
credits into the Phase 2 program, consistent with these adjustments to 
the baselines. Since this issue does not apply for RMC emissions, the 
restriction was applied only for engines certified exclusively to the 
FTP standards (rather than both FTP and RMC standards). We believed 
that allowing engine credits generated against the Phase 1 diesel FTP 
standards to be carried over into the Phase 2 program would have 
inappropriately diluted the Phase 2 engine program. However, this was 
in the context of unadjusted credits. After further consideration, we 
now believe that it would not dilute the program if the credits were 
appropriately adjusted to more accurately reflect improvement over the 
true baseline levels.
    Allowing the portion of the credits that represent actual emission 
improvements to be carried forward would be consistent with our 
rationale from Phase 2. Thus, we are proposing in Sec.  1036.701(j) 
that for Phase 1 vocational engines with emissions below the Phase 2 
baseline engine values, manufacturers may recalculate and generate 
credits relative to the baseline levels. The recalculated vocational 
engine credits would be allowed into the Phase 2 engine program to the 
same extent as tractor engine credits.
    As noted in the Phase 2 FRM, allowing additional flexibility for 
compliance with engine standards does not cause any increase in 
emissions because the manufacturers must still comply with the vehicle 
standards. (See 81 FR 73499). However, this flexibility could allow 
some manufacturers to find a less expensive compliance path. We request 
comment on these proposed changes and any potential impact.
2. Confirmatory Testing of Engines and Measurement Variability
    During the Phase 2 rulemaking, manufacturers raised concern about 
measurement variability impacting the stringency of the engine GHG 
standards and fuel map requirements. As noted in the Phase 2 FRM, the 
final standards were developed to account for this. (81 FR 73571, 
October 25, 2016).
    Manufacturers raised particular concern about variability of fuel 
map measurements because neither they nor EPA had sufficient experience 
measuring fuel maps (in a regulatory context) to fully understand 
potential impacts. We estimated the fuel map uncertainty to be 
equivalent to the uncertainty associated with measuring CO2 
emission and fuel consumption over the FTP and RMC cycles, which we 
estimated to be about one percent. However, the Phase 2 FRM further 
noted that we would incorporate test procedure improvements that would 
futher reduce test result uncertainty. We also noted that: ``If we 
determine in the future . . . that the +1.0 percent we factored into 
our stringency analysis was inappropriately low or high, we will 
promulgate technical amendments to the regulations to address any 
inappropriate impact this +1.0 percent had on the stringency of the 
engine and vehicle standards.'' (81 FR 73571, October 25, 2016)
    In conjunction with this commitment, EPA agreed to work with engine 
manufacturers to better understand the variability of measuring fuel 
maps. Through that work, we identified several sources of variability 
that could be reduced by making small changes to the test procedures. 
EPA is proposing these changes, which are listed in Sections I.A.1 
through I.A.3 of this NPRM.
    SwRI performed emission measurements in multiple test cells and 
identified distributions of error for other test inputs such measured 
fuel properties and calibration gas concentrations. SwRI then used a 
Monte Carlo simulation to estimate a distribution of errors in measured 
fuel maps.\6\ After reviewing the results, EPA has three significant 
observations:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ ``Measurement Variability Assessment of the GHG Phase 2 Fuel 
Mapping Procedure'', Southwest Research Institute, Final Report, 
December 2019.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1. The variability of measuring CO2 and fuel consumption 
during fuel mapping is greater than the one percent assumed in the 
Phase 2 FRM.
    2. The variability of measuring CO2 and fuel consumption 
during the fuel mapping procedure is roughly the same as that of the 
FTP and RMC cycles.
    3. Measuring CO2 and fuel consumption at idle is 
particularly challenging.
    Given these results, we understand why manufacturers would be 
concerned about the possibility of EPA changing an official fuel map 
results as a consequence of EPA confirmatory testing where the measured 
maps were within the expected range of variability. On the other hand, 
the similarity between the variability of measuring fuel maps and the 
variability of measuring CO2 and fuel consumption over the 
FTP and RMC cycles (measurements for which EPA has already determined 
in both Phase 1 and Phase 2 that no such allowances are needed) 
suggests that manufacturers should ultimately be able to comply without 
any special provisions.
    We are also considering this issue in the context of our 
longstanding policy that emission measurements made at our National 
Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory are official emission results. 
(See for example, Sec.  1036.235.) We are hesitant to change any long-
standing policy in a technical amendment rulemaking. Nevertheless, 
while we believe this issue ultimately will need to be addressed in a 
broader context, we are proposing a transitional approach to address 
the issue of engine mapping variability, as discussed below.
    We are proposing an interim provision in 40 CFR 1036.150, under 
which EPA will not replace a manufacturer's fuel maps during 
confirmatory testing if the EPA-measured fuel maps were within 2.0 
percent of the manufacturer's maps. We are proposing this as an interim 
provision but are not including an end date at this time. We would 
intend to reevaluate this provision as we learn more about the impact 
of measurement variability during fuel mapping, including the full 
impact of the proposed test procedure improvements that are intended to 
reduce measurement variability.
    Since, this 2.0 percent reflects real testing variability, EPA 
anticipates that manufacturers could not know how the variability would 
affect an individual test result, which would preclude them from 
relying upon this margin for compliance in current engine designs or in 
any potential engine redesign. Additionally, EPA emphasizes that we are 
proposing to adopt this as an interim provision, and thus manufacturers 
should not otherwise rely on this provision as a compliance strategy 
for engine design, as EPA intends to revisit it based on further data 
and developments.
    We are also proposing an algorithm for comparing fuel maps to one 
another. Because fuel maps are multi-point surfaces instead of single 
values, it would be a common occurrence that some of EPA's points would 
be higher than the manufacturer's while others would be lower.
    We propose that EPA's measured fuel maps would be used with GEM 
according to Sec.  1036.540 to generate emission duty cycles which 
simulate several different vehicle configurations, generating emission 
results for each of the vehicles for each of the duty cycles.

[[Page 28147]]

Each individual duty cycle result could be weighted using the 
appropriate vehicle category weighting factors in Table 1 of 40 CFR 
1037.510 to determine a composite CO2 emission value for 
that vehicle configuration. If the process is repeated for the 
manufacturer's fuel maps, the average percent difference between fuel 
maps could be calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.000

Where:

i = an indexing variable that represents one individual weighted 
duty cycle result for a vehicle configuration.
N = total number of vehicle configurations.
eCO2compEPA = total composite mass of CO2 emissions in g/
ton-mile for the EPA confirmatory test, rounded to the nearest whole 
number for vocational vehicles and to the first decimal place for 
tractors.
eCO2compManu = total composite mass of CO2 emissions in 
g/ton-mile for the manufacturer test, rounded to the nearest whole 
number for vocational vehicles and to the first decimal place for 
tractors.

    We request comment on the interim approach, and whether it 
appropriately balances the impacts of testing variability for fuel 
maps.
3. Other Minor Heavy-Duty Engine Amendments
    EPA is proposing three additional amendments to part 1036:
     Correcting the assigned N2O deterioration 
factor in Sec.  1036.150(g). In the Phase 2 NPRM, EPA proposed to lower 
the N2O standard from 0.10 g/hp-hr to 0.05 g/hp-hr for model 
year 2021 and later diesel engines. In that context, we also proposed 
to lower the assigned deterioration factor (DF) from 0.020 g/hp-hr to 
0.010 g/hp-hr for model year 2021 and later diesel engines. EPA 
explained in the preamble that we were not finalizing the change to the 
standard (81 FR 73530), but inadvertently finalized the proposed DF 
change in the regulations. Today, EPA is proposing to correct the DF 
back to 0.020 g/hp-hr for all diesel engines, consistent with the 
continuation of the 0.10 g/hp-hr N2O standard.
     Clarifying a reference to non-gasoline engine families in 
Sec.  1036.705(b)(5). The second sentence of Sec.  1036.705(b)(5) is 
intended to refer to non-gasoline engine families. However, the 
existing text is not clear. As written, it can be read to mean that 
gasoline engine families may not generate emission credits. EPA is 
proposing to add ``non-gasoline'' to make the intended meaning clearer.
     Engine families. Proposing to allow engine families to be 
divided into subfamilies with respect to CO2. This allowance 
would simplify the certification process without changing the overall 
requirements.
     Adding a summary of previously applicable emission 
standards as Appendix I of part 1036. The proposed new Appendix is 
needed for reference to previously applicable emission standards and 
will cover regulatory text being deleted from 40 CFR part 86.

C. Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Emission Standards and Flexibility

1. Considerations of Aerodynamic Compliance Data
    The aerodynamic drag of a vehicle is determined by the vehicle's 
coefficient of drag (Cd), frontal area, air density and 
speed. The regulations in Sec.  1037.525 allow manufacturers to use a 
range of techniques, including wind tunnel testing, computational fluid 
dynamics, and constant speed tests. This broad approach is appropriate 
given that no single test procedure is superior in all aspects to other 
approaches. However, we also recognized the need for consistency and a 
level playing field in evaluating aerodynamic performance. To address 
the consistency and level playing field concerns, EPA adopted an 
approach that identified coastdown testing as the reference aerodynamic 
test method, and specified a procedure to align results from other 
aerodynamic test procedures with the reference method by applying a 
correction factor (Falt-aero) to results from alternative 
methods (Sec.  1037.525(b)).
    With this approach, it is important that Falt-aero be 
accurate. Thus, the regulations (Sec.  1037.525(b)) require that 
manufacturers use good engineering judgement \7\ when developing 
Falt-aero, which would include considering all applicable 
coastdown data that are available. The applicable test data would be 
those coastdown results that were collected according to the specified 
test procedures, whether collected by the manufacturer during 
certification and SEAs, or by EPA during confirmatory testing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent 
with generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and 
all available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for additional 
discussion about applying good engineering judgment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Consider the hypothetical example shown in the figure below, where 
a manufacturer has coastdown results for eight vehicles. The plot shows 
the coastdown results corrected to represent wind averaged 
CdA, plotted against the corresponding wind average wind 
tunnel results. Applying good engineering judgement to such a dataset 
would lead a manufacturer to separate the vehicles into two groups, 
with each having its own Falt-aero value. The manufacturer 
would then need to work with EPA to determine how to appropriately 
apply these Falt-aero values to other vehicle 
configurations.
    As described in 40 CFR 1037.235, EPA may perform confirmatory 
testing on the manufacturer's vehicles, including a vehicle tested to 
establish the Falt-aero value. The regulations also include 
an interim provision in Sec.  1037.150(s) that states:

    If we conduct coastdown testing to verify your 
Falt-aero value for Phase 2 tractors, we will make our 
determination using a statistical analysis consistent with the 
principles of SEA testing in Sec.  1037.305. We will calculate 
confidence intervals using the same equations and will not replace 
your test results with ours if your result falls within our 
confidence interval or is greater than our test result.

We are proposing to revise the interim allowance in Sec.  1037.150(s) 
to require EPA to perform a minimum of 100 valid runs before replacing 
a manufacturer's value.
    Test conditions for coastdown testing are another important 
consideration. For our testing, EPA intends to minimize the differences 
between our test conditions and those of the manufacturer by testing at 
similar times of the year. However, because of the limited number of 
coastdown test facilities and the challenges of

[[Page 28148]]

scheduling time for testing, we cannot commit to testing during the 
same season as the manufacturer. In addition, even if we could test 
during the same season, we cannot prevent differences in test 
conditions.
    Some manufacturers have expressed concern that this approach leaves 
too much risk for them because changing an Falt-aero value 
would impact a large portion of their production and could undermine 
their compliance plans. These manufacturers suggest that EPA should 
revise the regulations to provide for larger differences before EPA is 
allowed to replace their value. Although we understand this concern, we 
do not believe the manufacturers' suggestion would be the appropriate 
long-term solution. When multiple measurements provide different 
values, good engineering judgment would generally call for more data 
rather than selecting a single value. Keeping with this principle, EPA 
is requesting comment on a potential allowance for manufacturers to 
conduct additional coastdown testing in response to a change by EPA to 
their Falt-aero value through a 40 CFR 1068.5 good 
engineering judgment request. EPA would attempt to be present to 
witness the testing, and potentially take our own measurements. EPA 
would follow the procedures under 40 CFR 1068.5 in responding to the 
manufacturer to determine an appropriate Falt-aero value, 
consistent with good engineering judgment.
    Section 208 of the Act provides EPA broad oversight authority for 
manufacturer testing. Consistent with that authority, we are proposing 
to add a provision to our regulations at 40 CFR 1037.525(b)(8) to 
encourage manufacturers to proactively coordinate with EPA to have 
compliance staff present when a manufacturer conducts its coastdown 
testing to establish Falt-aero values. Being present for the 
testing would give EPA greater confidence that the test was conducted 
properly, and thus, would make it less likely that EPA would need to 
conduct aerodynamic confirmatory testing on the vehicle. Additionally, 
under our current regulations, see 40 CFR 1037.301 and 1037.305, EPA 
may require, and generally intends to require for the 2021 model year, 
that manufacturers perform SEA testing of at least one of their 
reference configurations.
    We are also proposing to revise the minimum number of runs required 
for a manufacturer to fail an SEA. Under the current Phase 2 
regulations, a manufacturer could fail an SEA after as few as 24 valid 
runs. However, review of more recently available indicates that false 
failures may occur if the decision is based on 24 runs. Therefore, we 
are proposing to require a minimum of 100 valid runs before a vehicle 
is deemed to have failed the SEA test.
    While we believe that these changes and clarifications would 
largely address the manufacturers' concerns, we request comment on 
other possible improvements to the aerodynamic test procedures and 
compliance program.
2. Idle Reduction for Tractors
    The Phase 1 version of GEM gives credit for idle emission reduction 
technologies that include a tamper-proof automatic engine shutoff 
system (AESS), with few override provisions. Phase 2 GEM gives credit 
for a wider variety of idle reduction strategies, recognizing 
technologies that are available on the market today, such as auxiliary 
power units (APUs), diesel fired heaters, and battery powered units. 
For example, a tamper-proof AESS with a diesel APU would be credited 
with a 4 percent reduction in emissions, while an adjustable AESS with 
a diesel fired heater would be credited with a 2 percent reduction in 
emissions (See 81 FR 73601, October 25, 2016).
    We now realize that the regulations should also recognize 
combinations of these technologies. It is common for sleeper-cab 
tractors to include a combination of these technologies to address a 
broader range of ambient temperatures. For example, a fuel operated 
heater may be used for heating during the winter months, while a 
battery APU may be used for air conditioning in the summer. Therefore, 
we are proposing to add the following combinations of idle reduction 
technologies to Table 9 of Sec.  1037.520. By adding these values to 
GEM, it would reduce the compliance burden for manufacturers who would 
otherwise need to pursue off-cycle credits for these technology 
combinations. The values of the proposed technology benefits were 
determined using the same methodology used in the Phase 2 final rule. 
8 9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Greenhouse Gas 
Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty 
Engines and Vehicles--Phase 2: Regulatory Impact Analysis. EPA 420-
R-16-900. August 2016. Section 2.4.8.1.1 Idle Control Technologies. 
Pages 2-49 through 2-53.
    \9\ Cullen, Angela. Memo to the Docket: Proposed Idle Reduction 
Technology Package Benefits. August 2019.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Tamper-resistant                         Adjustable
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Calculated credit                     Calculated credit
       Combination technology                (%)             GEM input             (%)             GEM input
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Battery APU & Heater................                6.3                  6                5.1                  5
Diesel APU & Heater.................                5.0                  5                4.0                  4
Stop-Start & Heater.................                4.6                  5                3.7                  4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Manufacturer Testing of Production Vehicles
    The regulations will require tractor manufacturers to annually 
chassis test five production vehicles over the GEM cycles to verify 
that relative reductions simulated in GEM are being achieved in actual 
production. See 40 CFR 1037.665. We do not expect absolute correlation 
between GEM results and chassis testing. GEM makes many simplifying 
assumptions that do not compromise its usefulness for certification but 
do cause it to produce emission rates different from what would be 
measured during a chassis dynamometer test. Given the limits of 
correlation possible between GEM and chassis testing, we would not 
expect such testing to accurately reflect whether a vehicle was 
compliant with the GEM standards. Therefore, Sec.  1037.665 does not 
apply compliance liability to such testing. Rather, this testing will 
be for informational purposes only. (81 FR 73638, October 25, 2016.)
    The regulation also allows manufacturers to request approval of 
alternative testing ``that will provide equivalent or better 
information.'' Manufacturers have asked us to clarify this allowance. 
Therefore, we are proposing to explicitly allow CO2 data

[[Page 28149]]

from in-use operation, and CO2 data from manufacturer-run 
on-road testing. To qualify, the vehicles would need to be actual 
production vehicles rather than custom-built prototype vehicles. Such 
vehicles could be covered by testing or manufacturer owned exemptions 
but would need to be produced on an assembly line or other normal 
production practices. Manufacturers would also need to ensure test 
methods are sufficiently similar from year to year to allow for a 
meaningful analysis of trends.
4. Canadian Vehicle Standards
    During the Phase 2 rulemaking, Environment and Climate Change 
Canada (ECCC) emphasized that the highway weight limitations in Canada 
are much greater than those in the U.S. Where the U.S. federal highways 
have limits of 80,000 pounds gross combined weight, Canadian provinces 
have weight limits up to 140,000 pounds. This difference could 
potentially limit emission reductions that could be achieved if ECCC 
were to fully harmonize with the U.S.'s HD Phase 2 standards because a 
significant portion of the tractors sold in Canada have GCWR (Gross 
Combined Weight Rating) greater than EPA's 120,000-pound weight 
criterion for ``heavy-haul'' tractors.
    EPA addressed this in Phase 2 by adopting provisions that allow the 
manufacturers the option for vehicles above 120,000 pounds GCWR to meet 
the more stringent standards that reflect the ECCC views on appropriate 
technology improvements, along with the powertrain requirements that go 
along with higher GCWR (see 81 FR 73582, October 25, 2016). Vehicles in 
the 120,000 to 140,000 pound GCWR range would normally be treated as 
simple ``heavy haul'' tractors in GEM, which eliminates the GEM input 
for aerodynamics. However, vehicles certified to the optional standards 
would be classified as ``heavy Class 8'' tractors in GEM, which then 
requires an aerodynamic input. Nevertheless, they both use the heavier 
payload for heavy haul.
    ECCC has since adopted final standards for these tractors, which 
differ from the optional standards finalized in Phase 2.\10\ Since the 
purpose of these standards was to facilitate certification of vehicles 
intended for Canada, we are now proposing to revise our optional 
standards to be the same as the final ECCC standards. The proposed 
standards can be found in Sec.  1037.670. Note that these standards are 
not directly comparable to either the normal Class 8 standards or the 
heavy haul standards of Sec.  1037.106 because GEM uses different 
inputs for them.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ Regulations Amending the Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine 
Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations and Other Regulations Made Under 
the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999: SOR/2018-98, Canada 
Gazette, Part II, Volume 152, Number 11, May 16, 2018.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ECCC has also adopted new standards for tractors in the 97,000 to 
120,000-pound GCWR category. We request comment on the need for special 
provisions for these vehicles.
5. Vehicle Model Year Definition
    For Phase 2 tractors and vocational vehicles, the vehicle's 
regulatory model year is usually the calendar year corresponding to the 
date of manufacture. However, the Phase 2 regulations allow the 
vehicle's model year to be designated to be the year before the 
calendar year corresponding to the date of manufacture if the engine's 
model year is from an earlier year.
    After promulgation of the FRM, it became apparent that the Phase 2 
vehicle model year definition does not allow starting a vehicle model 
year before January 1st of the named model year if the engine model 
year also begins in the earlier year. For example, if a manufacturer 
would start its 2024 engine model year in December 2023, the definition 
would not allow vehicles produced in 2023 to be model year 2024.
    To address this issue, EPA is proposing to add back the option to 
allow the vehicle's model year to be designated to be the year after 
the calendar year of manufacture. In other words, we would allow 
manufacturers to meet standards earlier to ensure that engine and 
vehicle model years are aligned. Model years would still be constrained 
to reflect annual (rather than multi-year) production periods and 
include January 1 of the named year.
6. Compliance Margins for GEM Inputs
    The regulations at 40 CFR 1037.620(d) allow components 
manufacturers to conduct testing for vehicle manufacturers, but they do 
not specify restrictions for the format of the data. Vehicle 
manufacturers have raised concerns about component manufacturers 
including compliance margins in GEM inputs--in other words, inputting a 
value that is significantly worse than the tested result. They state 
that many component suppliers are providing GEM inputs with compliance 
margins, rather than raw test results. However, when stacked together, 
the compliance margins would result in inappropriately high GEM results 
that would not represent the vehicles being produced.
    In addressing this concern, it is important to distinguish between 
engine fuel maps (which are certified separately) and other GEM inputs 
that are not certified. As is discussed in Section I.B.2, certified 
engine fuel maps are expected to include compliance margins (albeit 
small margins). However, EPA did not expect each GEM input to have a 
significant compliance margin of its own. (Note that the aerodynamic 
bin structure serves to provide an inherent compliance margin for most 
vehicles.) Rather, we expected the certifying OEM to include compliance 
margins in their Family Emission Limits (FELs) relative to the GEM 
outputs.
    For vehicle GHG standards, the primary role for FEL compliance 
margins is to protect against Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA) 
failures. Without a compliance margin under the Phase 2 regulations, 
normal production variability would cause some vehicles to fail, which 
would require the testing of additional vehicles. Even if the family 
ultimately passed the SEA, it would probably require the manufacturer 
to test a large number of vehicles. However, because SEAs for 
particular components would not target GEM inputs for other components, 
a modest compliance margin for the FEL would be sufficient to cover the 
full range of components.
    While we are not proposing explicit changes with respect to 
compliance margins, we are proposing to revise the procedures for 
conducting an SEA for an axle or transmission apart from a specific 
vehicle. These revisions would further obviate a need for component-
specific compliance margins.
    Although we do not believe that suppliers should normally include 
compliance margins when providing test data to OEMs for GEM inputs, we 
do believe they should provide to OEMs some characterization of the 
statistical confidence they have in their data. This would allow the 
OEM to apply an appropriate overall compliance margin for their FEL.
    Finally, none of this is intended to discourage suppliers and OEMs 
from entering into commercial agreements related to the accuracy of 
test results or SEA performance.
7. SEAs for Axles and Transmissions
    Under 40 CFR 1037.320, a selective enforcement audit (SEA) for 
axles or transmissions would consist of performing measurements with a 
production axle or transmission to determine mean power loss values as

[[Page 28150]]

declared for GEM simulations, and running GEM over one or more 
applicable duty cycles based on those measured values. The axle or 
transmission is considered passing for a given configuration if the new 
modeled emission result for every applicable duty cycle is at or below 
the modeled emission result corresponding to the declared GEM inputs. 
As described below, EPA is proposing to revise the consequences where 
an axle or transmission does not pass.
    We believe special provisions are needed for axles and 
transmissions given their importance as compliance technologies and a 
market structure in which a single axle or transmission could be used 
by multiple certifying OEMs. Under the existing SEA regulations, if an 
axle or transmission family from an independent supplier fails an SEA, 
vehicle production could be disrupted for multiple OEMs and have 
serious economic impacts on them. We are proposing new regulatory text 
that would minimize the disruption to vehicle production.
    Under the proposal, if the initial axle or transmission passes, 
then the family would pass, and no further testing would be required. 
This is the same as under the existing regulations. However, if the 
initial axle or transmission does not pass, two additional production 
axles or transmissions, as applicable, would need to be tested. Upon 
completion of the third test, the results of the three tests would be 
combined into a single map. This would become the official test result 
for the family. In other words, this proposed approach would correct 
the data used by the OEM for their end-of-year report.
    We request comment on whether there are other components for which 
this approach would be appropriate.
8. Weight Reduction
    The regulations in 40 CFR 1037.520 include tables to calculate 
weight reduction values for using certain lightweight components. The 
sum of the weight reductions is used as an input to GEM. EPA is 
proposing two changes to Table 8 of that section. First, we are 
proposing to allow manufacturers to use the heavy heavy-duty (HHD) 
values for medium heavy-duty (MHD) vehicles with three axles (i.e., 6x4 
and 6x2 configurations). These MHD vehicles typically share chassis 
components with HHD vehicles, but are classified as MHD because of the 
lighter duty engines. Second, we are proposing to add a footnote to the 
table to clarify that the weight reduction values apply per vehicle 
(instead of per component) unless otherwise noted.
9. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles in Vocational Applications
    Manufacturers have expressed concern that the Phase 2 regulations 
are not specific enough regarding how to classify hybrid vocational 
vehicles (see 40 CFR 1037.140). This is not an issue for tractors, 
which are classified based on GVWR. However, vocational vehicles are 
generally classified by the class of the engines. Obviously, this 
approach does not work for electric vehicle without engines. This 
approach could also misrepresent a hybrid vehicle that is able to use 
an undersized engine. To address these problems, we are proposing to 
revise 40 CFR 1037.140(g) to clarify that hybrid vehicles are heavy 
heavy-duty vehicles if they are either propelled by a heavy heavy-duty 
engine and all other hybrid and electric vehicles are classified by 
GVWR class. We request comment on alternative approaches, such as 
specifying the useful life in hours rather than miles for these 
vocational vehicles, or allowing electric vehicles to step down one 
weight class, with justification from the manufacturer.
10. Vocational Vehicle Segmentation
    The Phase 2 regulatory structure applies the primary vocational 
standards by subcategory based on drive cycles. The three subcategories 
are Regional, Multi-purpose, and Urban. Manufacturers are generally 
allowed to certify vocational vehicles in the particular duty-cycle 
subcategory they believe to be most appropriate, consistent with good 
engineering judgment. This process for selecting the correct 
subcategory is often called ``segmentation.'' Under this structure, EPA 
expects manufacturers to choose a subcategory for each vehicle 
configuration that best represents the type of operation that vehicle 
will actually experience in use. This is important because several 
technologies provide very different emission reductions depending on 
the actual in-use drive cycle. For example, stop-start would provide 
the biggest emission reductions for urban vehicles and much less 
reduction for vehicles that operate primary on long intercity drives.
    Manufacturers have raised concerns about the impact of this 
structure on their ability to plan for and monitor compliance. They 
have suggested that more objective and quantitative good engineering 
judgment criteria would be helpful. In response to these concerns, EPA 
is proposing an interim ``safe harbor'' provision for vocational 
vehicle segmentation. Manufacturers meeting the safe harbor criteria 
described below would be presumed to have applied good engineering 
judgment.
    The first principle of this safe harbor would be that any vehicle 
could be classified as Multi-purpose. The Multi-purpose duty cycle 
weighting factors include significant weightings for highway operation, 
lower speed transient operation, and idle. Thus, it would not generally 
overvalue an individual technology.
    The second principle of this safe harbor would be that vehicles not 
classified as Multi-purpose should not be exclusively Regional or 
Urban. We are proposing a quantitative measure that evaluates the ratio 
of Regional vehicles to Urban vehicles within an averaging set. 
Specifically, ratio of Regional vehicles to Urban vehicles must be 
between 1:5 and 5:1. An equivalent way of saying this is that the 
number of Regional vehicles divided by the number of Urban vehicles 
would need to be between 0.20 and 5.0.
    We believe this safe harbor would be consistent with the intent of 
the Phase2 program and would not allow manufacturers to reduce the 
effective stringency the standards. Nevertheless, EPA requests comment 
on this approach overall and the range of acceptable ratios. We also 
request comment on how to handle specialty manufacturers that have a 
less diverse product offerings. Finally, we request comment on the need 
for the subcategory on the label and whether or not we should allow 
manufacturers to reassign subcategories for their end-of-year ABT 
reports.
11. Early Certification for Small Manufacturers
    Vehicle manufacturers that qualify as small businesses are exempt 
from the Phase 1 standards, but must meet the Phase 2 standards 
beginning in 2022. However, some vehicle families have been certified 
voluntarily to Phase 1 standards by small manufacturers. In an effort 
to encourage more voluntary early certification to Phase 1 standards, 
we are proposing to adopt a new interim provision in Sec.  
1037.150(y)(4) for small manufacturers that certify their entire U.S.-
directed production volume to the Phase 1 standards for calendar year 
2021. If the small manufacturers do so, the proposed provision would 
then allow these manufacturers to certify to the Phase 1 standards for 
model year 2022 (instead of the otherwise applicable Phase 2 
standards). Early compliance with the Phase 1 standards should more 
than offset any reduction in benefits for model year 2022 (although the 
magnitude of any impact on air quality would be small because

[[Page 28151]]

of the small production volumes that would be involved).
    The proposed provision would also allow the Phase 1 vehicle credits 
that small manufacturers generate from model year 2018 through 2022 
vocational vehicles to be used through model year 2027. Under the 
existing regulations, all manufacturers that generate credits under the 
Phase 1 program are allowed to use such Phase 1 vehicle credits in the 
Phase 2 vehicle averaging, banking, and trading program, but the 
credits are subject to the five-year credit life. The limit on credit 
life can be problematic for small manufacturers with limited product 
lines which allow them less flexibility in averaging. We believe the 
longer credit life would provide them the flexibility they would need 
to ensure all of their products are fully compliant by the time the 
Phase 2 standards are fully phased in for model year 2027.
    We request comment on these proposed changes and any potential 
impact.
12. Other Minor Heavy-Duty Vehicle Amendments
    EPA is proposing four additional amendments to part 1037:
     Self-contained air conditioning units. We are proposing to 
revise Sec.  1037.115(e) to clarify that it is intended to address air 
conditioning systems for which the primary purpose is to cool the 
driver compartment. This would generally include all complete pickups 
and vans, but not self-contained air conditioning or refrigeration 
units on vocational vehicles.
     Warranty. We are proposing to revise Sec.  1037.120(b) to 
correct the text with respect to tires and Heavy Heavy-Duty vehicles.
     Drayage tractors. We are proposing to revise Sec.  
1037.140(aa) to clarify the production limit for drayage tractors under 
the custom chassis allowance.
     Neutral idle. We are proposing to revise Sec.  
1037.660(a)(2) to specify the permissible delay before engaging neutral 
idle when the vehicle is stopped.

D. Requests for Comment on Phase 2 Regulations

    EPA is soliciting comments on other potential amendments, including 
those described in this Section II.D. We also welcome comments on the 
need for other technical corrections and clarifications. Readers are 
reminded to review public comments placed in the docket, which may 
contain requests for other corrections and clarifications.
1. Vocational Engines and Credits
    In 40 CFR 1036.150(p), EPA provides special flexibility for engine 
manufacturers that certify all their model year 2020 engines within an 
averaging set to the model year 2021 FTP and SET standards and 
requirements. GHG emission credits those manufacturers generate with 
model year 2018 through 2024 engines may be used through model year 
2030, instead of being limited to a five-year credit life as specified 
in Sec.  1036.740(d). They will also be allowed to certify model year 
2024 through 2026 tractor engines to alternative standards that are 
slightly higher than the otherwise applicable standards.
    The choice would be made when certifying MY 2020 engines. Instead 
of certifying engines to the final year of the Phase 1 engine 
standards, manufacturers electing the alternative would indicate that 
they are instead certifying to the MY 2021 Phase 2 engine standard. 
Because these engine manufacturers would be reducing emissions of 
engines otherwise subject to the MY 2020 Phase 1 engine standards (and 
because engine reductions were not reflected in the Phase 1 vehicle 
program), there would be a net benefit to the environment. These 
engines would not generate credits relative to the Phase 1 standards 
(that is, MY 2020 engines would only use or generate credits relative 
to the pulled ahead MY 2021 Phase 2 engines standards). Because the 
vehicle standards themselves are unaffected, these voluntary standards 
would not reduce the GHG reductions or fuel savings of the program. 
Vehicle manufacturers using the alternative MYs 2024-2026 engines would 
need to adopt additional vehicle technology (i.e., technology beyond 
that projected to be needed to meet the engine standard) to meet the 
applicable vehicle GHG standards. This means the vehicles would still 
achieve the same fuel efficiency in use.
    EPA did not adopt a similar provision for alternative MY 2024-2026 
standards for vocational engines due to concerns about windfall 
credits. However, given our proposed amendment to address these 
windfall credits (Section I.B.1), we are asking for comment on the 
possibility of a similar set of alternative standards for vocational 
engines, as shown in the following table:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Model years                             Medium heavy-duty vocational                             Heavy heavy-duty vocational
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2020-2023...............................  545 g/hp-hr...........................................  513 g/hp-hr.
2024-2026...............................  542 g/hp-hr...........................................  510 g/hp-hr.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As noted in the Phase 2 FRM, EPA views this type of alternative as 
being positive from the environmental and energy conservation 
perspectives, while providing significant flexibility for manufacturers 
that may reduce their compliance costs. (81 FR 73499, October 25, 2016)
2. Stop-Start Overrides
    Stop-start systems are an important technology to reduce 
unnecessary idling, such as when a vehicle is stopped at a traffic 
light. In 40 CFR 1037.660, we specify how these systems must operate in 
order to qualify for GEM credit. Included among those provisions are 
allowances for overriding the automatic engine shutdown where it would 
otherwise create a potential system damage or safety issue for the 
engine or driver. Manufacturers have asked us to include additional 
overrides needed to ensure safe and effective vehicle operation. 
Specifically, they have asked us to consider overrides for the 
following conditions, which we are requesting comment on:

 Driveline engaged (to prevent driveline and/or starter damage)
 Automatic transmission not in D (to reduce engine and 
transmission loading)
 Automatic transmission in P or N (to prevent depleting the 
battery)
 Turn signal activated (to prevent engine stop with the vehicle 
in intersection)
 Hazard warning signal activated (to prevent engine stop during 
limp-home mode)
 SCR thawing (to allow thawing of frozen DEF)
 High steering angle (to avoid steering wheel kickback during 
engine start)
 ABS wheel speed sensor failure (to ensure detection of vehicle 
speed)
 Hard braking event (to avoid startling the driver after an 
event)
 Road grade greater than 7% (to prevent vehicle rollback)

[[Page 28152]]

3. Delegated Assembly
    In 40 CFR 1037.621, EPA specifies provisions to allow manufacturers 
to ship incomplete vehicles and delegate the final assembly to another 
entity. Manufacturers have expressed the concern that these ``delegated 
assembly'' requirements are too burdensome in some cases, particularly 
in cases such as auxiliary power units and natural gas fuel tanks. EPA 
requests comment on this issue.
4. Certification Reporting Requirements
    EPA requests comment on whether and how to revise the text to 
simplify or clarify the provisions in 40 CFR 1037.205 that require the 
inclusion of GEM results and credit projections in applications for 
certification.
5. Mild Hybrid Certification
    Under the Phase 2 regulations, manufacturers must conduct 
powertrain testing if they wish to take credit for hybrid systems, 
including mild hybrid systems. However, manufacturers have expressed 
concerns about the cost of powertrain testing and that the existing 
procedure may not measure improvements from certain mild hybrid 
systems. EPA requests comment on alternative means of evaluating mild 
hybrids. Manufacturers have asked EPA to consider the following 
options:
     Allow manufacturers to test a powertrain and apply 
analytically-derived scaling factors to others (e.g., scale by fraction 
of battery capacity or motor capacity) under 40 CFR 1037.235(h).
     Allow manufacturers to use international test procedures 
for battery capacity, motor power, and motor efficiency.
     Provide smaller credit (potentially with a volume limit 
and/or only for limited time) in exchange for less testing (e.g., 
reduced benefit when using the simplified model spreadsheet that is 
available under docket no. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0827-2109).
6. Transmission Calibrations
    Manufacturers with advanced transmission calibrations may use the 
powertrain test option in Sec.  1037.550 to demonstrate the performance 
of their transmissions. We adopted this option to provide an incentive 
for the development of advanced transmissions with sophisticated 
calibrations.
    Transmission manufacturers have developed some new efficient 
calibrations, but must also maintain less efficient calibrations to 
address special types of operation. Due to concerns about resale value, 
most customers want to retain the ability to select the correct 
calibration for their operation. For transmissions with such selectable 
calibrations, Sec.  1037.235(a) requires that they test using the 
worst-case calibration, which can undermine the incentive to continue 
improving the calibrations. Therefore, we are requesting comment on 
allowing manufacturers to measure both the best- and worst-case 
calibrations and weight them based on survey data, or other appropriate 
means. Commenters are encouraged to address whether such an allowance 
would change the effective stringency of the standards.
7. Data Requirements for Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles
    We request comment on whether special provisions are needed for 
hydrogen-fueled vehicles. Currently GEM simulation is required for 
these vehicles, although by using a non-carbon fuel, simulating the 
vehicle with GEM would result in zero CO2 emissions. We 
request comment on whether or not to change our current approach.

E. Other Heavy-Duty Highway Amendments

    This proposed rule includes other amendments related to heavy-duty 
highway engines. For example, we are updating the regulations for 
certification fees as described in Section III.C. We are also proposing 
or soliciting comment on additional amendments as described in the 
following sections.
1. Onboard Diagnostics (OBD)
    EPA's OBD regulations for heavy-duty engines are contained in 40 
CFR 86.010-18, which was promulgated February 24, 2009 (74 FR 8310). 
Although these regulations were originally harmonized with CARB's OBD 
program, CARB has made changes to their regulations which EPA has not 
adopted. In several cases, CARB has added flexibility to its 
regulations. We are requesting comment generally on the differences 
between EPA and CARB regulations, in addition to the specific issues 
identified below.
    More recently CARB has proposed additional revisions and is 
expected to finalize them this year.\11\ We also request comment on 
these more recent CARB changes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Information is available at https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/rulemaking/2018/heavy-duty-board-diagnostic-system-requirements-2018.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We request comment on the new definitions proposed by CARB at 13 
CCR 1971.1(c), including the definitions for ``alternate phase-in'', 
``diagnostic or emission critical electronic control unit'', and 
``smart device''.
    EPA is requesting comment on California's approach to approving 
deficiencies during a model year. In Sec.  1971.1(k)(6.1.1) of their 
regulations, CARB states:

    The manufacturer may request a retroactive deficiency until 
either of the following dates, whichever is later:
    (A) When the last affected engine or vehicle is produced, or on 
December 31 of the calendar year for which the model year is named, 
whichever is sooner; or
    (B) 6 months after commencement of the start of engine 
production or vehicle production, whichever is later.

    Our current regulations do not allow for retroactive deficiencies. 
EPA is requesting comment on whether to adopt CARB's approach.
    We are proposing to adopt the CARB 5% threshold for misfire in 
Sec.  86.010-18(g)(2), and to adopt the additional flexibility provided 
by CARB for misfires in 13 CCR 1971.1(e)(2.3.3). This would allow 
manufacturers to not detect misfires under certain conditions, such as 
during aftertreatment regeneration and some low temperature operation.
    We are proposing to revise our in-use compliance standards in Sec.  
86.010-18(p) to reflect the CARB approach for minimum ratios for 
representative samples. Under the proposed text, an OBD system would 
not be considered noncompliant unless a representative sample indicates 
the in-use ratio is below 0.088.
    CARB has developed reporting templates for its OBD requirements. 
EPA is proposing to allow manufacturers to use these templates for 
reporting to EPA, and we are requesting comment on whether regulatory 
changes are needed. See CARB Mail-Out #MSC 09-22 as amended on 18-Apr-
2019.
    Our OBD regulations rely on several standard procedures developed 
by SAE International, as specified in Sec.  86.010-18(k). The 
regulations also reference a standard of the International Organization 
for Standardization (ISO). We request comment on the need to update 
these procedures to more recent versions as summarized below.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Version
                  SAE procedure                    currently    Latest
                                                     cited      version
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE J1930.......................................        2002        2017
SAE J1939.......................................        2007        2017
SAE J1939-13....................................        2004        2016
SAE J1939-73....................................        2006        2017
SAE J1962.......................................        2002        2016
SAE J1978.......................................        2002        2002
SAE J1979.......................................        2007        2017
SAE J2012.......................................        2002        2016
SAE J 2403......................................        2007        2014
ISO 15765-4:2005(E).............................        2005        2011
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28153]]

    In Sec.  86.010-18(l), EPA specifies testing requirements for 
demonstrating the performance of monitoring systems. The amount of 
testing required depends on the number of engine families a 
manufacturer certifies in a given model year. CARB regulations include 
equivalent requirements, and our intent is to allow the use of test 
data generated for CARB. We are proposing to revise our regulations to 
state that CARB-certified configurations do not count as separate 
engine families for the purposes of this provision.
    EPA is proposing to revise Sec.  86.010-18(a) and (m) to allow a 
simplified carryover OBD certification path intended for special engine 
families, such as those certified for export to Canada. This proposed 
provision is similar to the allowance to show compliance with Sec.  
86.010-18 based on CARB certification. To make use of either 
alternative, the manufacturer must demonstrate to the Administrator how 
the OBD system they intend to certify meets the intent behind all the 
requirements of Sec.  86.010-18.
    These amendments address heavy-duty engines used in vehicles with 
GVWR above 14,000 pounds. We request comment on the need for similar 
changes for engine-certified heavy-duty engine families subject to 40 
CFR 86.007-17 and 86.1806-17.
2. Smoke Standards and Smoke Measurement Procedures
    Diesel heavy-duty highway engines have been subject to smoke 
standards in addition to brake-specific emission standards for many 
years. The current exhaust emission standards for particulate matter 
(PM) cause manufacturers to apply calibrations and emission control 
strategies that reduce PM from the exhaust to very low levels. There is 
some relationship between brake-specific PM emissions and smoke, but 
they are not inherently linked. Nevertheless, modern engines with very 
low PM emissions have very low smoke levels when properly maintained. 
Thus, we do not believe smoke standards achieve any emission reductions 
beyond those that result from DPF-forcing PM standards.
    Manufacturers submit smoke data with certification, but smoke 
testing is not required for selective enforcement audits with 
production engines. Some state programs continue to rely on smoke 
measurement to screen for high-emitting trucks. However, these state 
testing programs are separate from EPA certification, so we do not 
expect the state programs to depend on EPA certification for smoke 
standards. We therefore request comment on removing the smoke standard 
as a certification requirement for heavy-duty highway engines. We 
particularly request comment on the EPA smoke standard and its 
relationship to state testing programs.
    There are also questions about the smoke test procedures. The smoke 
test procedures are specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart I. These 
procedures were first adopted almost 50 years ago and have remained 
largely unchanged since that time. They currently apply for locomotives 
(40 CFR part 1033) and some land-based nonroad diesel engines (40 CFR 
part 1039). To the extent these procedures continue to apply, we may 
undertake a future rulemaking to update these procedures and include 
them in 40 CFR part 1065 along with the other test procedures for 
measuring exhaust emissions from test engines. We request comment on 
appropriate changes to ensure that these measurement procedures reflect 
currently available instruments and practices, without causing the 
measured values to redefine the stringency of existing standards.
3. Migration From 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart A
    EPA created 40 CFR part 86 in 1976 to reorganize emission standards 
and certification requirements for light-duty and heavy-duty highway 
vehicles and engines. In 1985, EPA adopted new standards for heavy-duty 
highway engines, codifying the standards in 40 CFR part 86, subpart A, 
along with the standards and certification procedures for light-duty 
vehicles and light-duty trucks.\12\ Since then, EPA has adopted several 
rules to set new and more stringent standards for both light-duty and 
heavy-duty emission control programs and to add or revise certification 
procedures. However, the original regulatory structure was not well-
suited to handle the number of revisions that occurred over time.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ Emission standards for heavy-duty highway engines were 
first adopted by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in 
the 1960s. These standards and the corresponding certification and 
testing procedures were codified at 45 CFR part 1201. In 1972, 
shortly after EPA was created as a federal agency, EPA published new 
standards and updated procedures while migrating the regulations to 
40 CFR part 85 as part of the effort to consolidate all EPA 
regulations in a single location.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    To improve clarity for regulated parties, EPA has been planning to 
migrate the highway heavy-duty engine standards and certification 
requirements to 40 CFR part 1036.\13\ We expect to propose that 
migration in a separate rulemaking. The general approach will be to 
keep the essential regulatory elements in 40 CFR part 86, subpart A, 
but to streamline and update the regulatory provisions to align with 
best practices and other current provisions that apply for nonroad 
engines (such as 40 CFR parts 1033, 1039, and 1042). We believe this 
technical amendment rulemaking is a good opportunity to solicit input 
on principles and opportunities for eventually adopting those updated 
regulations in 40 CFR part 1036.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ 40 CFR part 1036 was created in 2011 as part of the Phase 1 
GHG rulemaking (76 FR 57381, September 15, 2011).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The migration of regulatory provisions to 40 CFR part 1036 is 
planned for a future rulemaking because it necessitates a thorough 
investigation of the provisions that currently apply to heavy-duty 
engines under 40 CFR part 86. A memo in the docket for this proposal 
describes a range of possible regulatory amendments we could eventually 
adopt to reorganize the provisions within 40 CFR part 86, subpart A, 
eliminate obsolete content, and improve the readability of the 
remaining provisions.\14\ We request comment on those regulatory 
changes, and on the value of making these changes in this rulemaking, 
considering that these changes will apply only for the limited time 
that 40 CFR part 86, subpart A, continues to apply.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ ``Draft Regulatory Text to Update and Reorganize 40 CFR 
part 86, subpart A'', EPA memorandum from Alan Stout to Docket EPA-
HQ-OAR-2019-0307, January 23, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Other Amendments

A. Ethanol-Blend Test Fuels for Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines and 
Vehicles, Highway Motorcycles, and Portable Fuel Containers

    EPA adopted exhaust and evaporative emission standards for 
gasoline-fueled nonroad engines, vehicles, and equipment before there 
was a federal gasoline test fuel with 10 percent ethanol (E10). Most of 
those programs therefore relied on testing with neat gasoline (E0) or 
with a splash-blended mix of neat gasoline and ethanol to make E10. In 
the meantime, EPA adopted a federal gasoline test fuel with 10 percent 
ethanol for testing motor vehicles (79 FR 23414, April 28, 2014).
    California ARB adopted its own specification for an E10 test fuel 
for testing motor vehicles, referred to as ``LEV III E10.'' California 
ARB revised its nonroad emission control programs to require 
manufacturers to start using LEV III E10 test fuel for certification 
starting in model year 2020, without allowing for carryover of previous 
data from testing with neat gasoline. California ARB's move to require 
use of LEV III E10 test fuel for certification has

[[Page 28154]]

led manufacturers to express a concern about the test burden associated 
with separate testing to demonstrate compliance with EPA and California 
ARB emission standards.
    The concern for aligning test requirements related to test fuel 
applies for marine spark-ignition engines (40 CFR part 1045), nonroad 
spark-ignition engines above 19 kW (40 CFR part 1048), and recreational 
vehicles (40 CFR part 1051).\15\ We expect a similar situation to apply 
for highway motorcycles in the 2022-2025 time frame based on California 
ARB's plans for further rulemaking activity. In addition, we believe it 
is best to update evaporative emission test procedures for equipment 
using nonroad spark-ignition engines (40 CFR part 1060) to allow for 
using EPA' specified E10 test fuel instead of relying on splash-
blending ethanol with EPA's specified E0 gasoline test fuel (known as 
indolene).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ EPA adopted amendments to address these concerns for 
nonroad spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW in an earlier 
rulemaking (80 FR 9114, February 19, 2015).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We have issued guidance for marine spark-ignition engines (40 CFR 
part 1045) \16\ and for recreational vehicles (40 CFR part 1051) \17\ 
describing how we may approve certification based on emission 
measurements with an E10 test fuel. We are proposing to revise 40 CFR 
parts 1045, 1048, and 1051, consistent with the recently issued 
guidance documents, to allow for certification based on emission 
measurements with EPA's E10 test fuel without requiring EPA approval, 
and without adjusting emission standards to account for fuel effects. 
For marine spark-ignition engines (40 CFR part 1045), this merely 
replaces the existing provision allowing for the alternative of using a 
splash-blended E10 test fuel. For recreational vehicles (40 CFR part 
1051) and Large SI engines (40 CFR part 1048), naming EPA's E10 
specification as the alternative test fuel is a new provision. As 
originally adopted for Marine SI engines, EPA would always be able to 
do confirmatory testing with either the original E0 test fuel, or the 
manufacturer's selected alternative fuel.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ ``Marine Spark Ignition Engine Certification Testing with 
California ARB E10 Test Fuel,'' EPA guidance document CD-18-15, 
December 24, 2018.
    \17\ ``Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle Certification Testing 
with California ARB E10 Test Fuel,'' EPA guidance document CD-19-03, 
April 22, 2019.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We are also proposing to allow the same approach for certification 
based on emission measurements with EPA's E10 test fuel for highway 
motorcycles (including EPA confirmatory testing with either E0 or E10).
    Manufacturers may want to test with California ARB's LEV III E10 
test fuel instead of EPA's E10 test fuel. The two sets of fuel 
specifications are nearly identical, except that the EPA E10 test fuel 
has a higher volatility. For testing hot-stabilized engines, volatility 
has a very small effect on exhaust emissions. As a result, we would 
expect to approve a manufacturer's request to use LEV III E10 test fuel 
instead of EPA's E10 test fuel under 40 CFR 1065.701(b). This provision 
allows EPA to approve a different test fuel if it does not affect a 
manufacturer's ability to show that its engines will comply with all 
applicable emission standards using the fuel specificed in the subpart. 
This would apply if fuel's effect on emissions is small enough to allow 
for using the test results to show that engines would meet applicable 
emission standards with the specified fuel. Since there are no 
appreciable fuel effects on exhaust emissions between EPA's E10 test 
fuel and LEV III E10 test fuel, we would expect this approval process 
to be straightforward.
    We expect this approach of allowing E10 as an alternative test fuel 
to adequately address concerns for the identified sectors. Many of 
these engines have closed-loop fuel controls that reduce the effect of 
fuel variables on exhaust emissions. Many also have relatively large 
compliance margins relative to the standards that apply. These factors 
help manufacturers confidently test with E10 as an alternative fuel, 
knowing that they continue to be liable for meeting emission standards 
on the specified E0 test fuel.
    EPA has an interest in transitioning all emission measurements for 
gasoline-fueled engines to an E10 test fuel. However, modifying the 
emission control program by allowing (or requiring) a complete 
compliance demonstration based on an E10 test fuel would require a more 
careful assessment of the fuel effects from the ethanol added to the 
test fuel. Since the ethanol in some cases has significant effects on 
HC, NOX, and CO emissions, we would need to evaluate the 
resulting effects on the stringency of the standards. We would 
generally expect to adopt adjusted standards with the objective of 
maintaining equivalent stringency. Developing such alternative 
standards for an E10 test fuel would require a large body of data to 
adequately capture the fuel effects on emissions for all the different 
classes of highway motorcycles, for all the different types of nonroad 
engines and vehicles, and for different kinds of engine technology 
within the various sectors. We took this approach for nonroad spark-
ignition engines below 19 kW by adopting alternative CO standards that 
apply for testing with LEV III E10 test fuel (78 FR 36397, June 17, 
2013).
    Toward that end, we have prepared a memorandum with a collection of 
available emission data from nonroad engines and highway motorcycles 
tested with E0 and E10 test fuels.\18\ The data include results from 
programs conducted by industry associations, EPA efforts with Canadian 
labs, and other U.S. laboratory data. We solicit additional emission 
data to further help establish the comparison between the test fuels 
for different engine types, applications, and technologies. We also 
request comment on the benefits or concerns with adopting alternative 
standards that correspond with a change to require E10 test fuel for 
all testing (both for manufacturers and EPA). Available information 
suggests that the fuel-related emission effects for technologies across 
these sectors are much more complex and varied than we observed for 
Small SI engines. Some technology differences, such as two-stroke vs. 
four-stroke and naturally aspirated vs. turbocharged, have relatively 
consistent and predictable fuel-related emission effects. However, some 
technologies will have fuel-related emission effects that depend on 
specific design strategies. For example, manufacturers can use 
electronic controls to optimize for power, fuel economy, low-speed 
torque, or some other measure of performance. Partial use of closed-
loop control of air-fuel ratios is one clear example of this, with the 
potential to adjust the air-fuel ratio to different setpoints, or to 
limit closed-loop control only to certain operating conditions. We 
request comment on how best to account for these design-specific engine 
technologies in evaluating fuel-related emission effects for each type 
of engine.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ ``Collection of E0/E10 Emission Data for Current Certified 
Nonroad Sector Engines and On Highway Motorcycles'' EPA memorandum 
from Cheryl Caffrey to Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2016-0604, December 6, 
2019.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The emission effects are most pronounced for CO emissions, but we 
are also interested in HC and NOX emissions. To the extent 
that NOX emissions (or HC + NOX emissions) 
increase to a degree that affects the stringency of the standards, we 
would consider increasing the numerical level of the standard to 
maintain equivalent stringency.
    EPA also specifies test fuels for evaporative emission testing. The 
gasoline test fuel for measuring

[[Page 28155]]

permeation emissions from nonroad fuel tanks and fuel lines is a 
splash-blended E10. The is an E0 test fuel that is blended to reach a 
10 percent concentration of ethanol. The splash-blended E10 test fuel 
is nearly identical to EPA's specified E10 test fuel except for the 
volatility. EPA's Tier 3 E10 test fuel has a nominal volatility of 9 
psi RVP and the splash-blended E10 has a volatility of about 10 psi 
RVP.\19\ We request comment on amending the regulation to allow testing 
with the pre-mixed E10 test fuel with 9 psi RVP instead of the splash-
blended E10 test fuel with 10 psi. In particular, we encourage 
commenters to share any available data describing how gasoline 
volatility affects permeation rates. We would not want manufacturers to 
test with lower fuel volatility if it decreases permeation rates and 
allows manufacturers to use a less effective control technology. We 
also request comment on the level of interest that manufacturers or 
testing organizations would have to be able to use EPA's pre-mixed E10 
test fuel in the near term, or at any point in the future. We are 
concerned about issues related to test burden for manufacturers needing 
to meet standards, but we invite commenters to share their insights on 
these questions of permeation chemistry. If the final rule includes an 
amendment to allow permeation testing with EPA's pre-mixed E10 test 
fuel, we would also expect to specify that California ARB's LEVIII E10 
test fuel is also acceptable for demonstrating compliance with 
permeation standards (see Sec.  1060.505(c)(2)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ Fuel volatility is based on Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), 
which generally quantifies a fuel's equilibrium vapor pressure at 
100 [deg]F. A fuel with volatility of 9 psi would therefore have an 
equilibrium vapor pressure of about 9 psi at 100 [deg]F.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A different dynamic applies for diurnal testing. This measurement 
procedure applies for Marine SI fuel tanks and for some Large SI 
equipment. We currently specify an E0 test fuel with a nominal 
volatility of 9 psi RVP for diurnal testing in 40 CFR 1060.525. The 
volume of vapor venting during a diurnal test depends on the volatility 
of the test fuel. Changing the ethanol content of the fuel without 
changing the volatility should cause no significant change in the 
volume of vapor venting during the diurnal test. The specified EPA E10 
test fuel has the same volatility as the E0 test fuel, but it has the 
added ethanol. We request comment on amending the regulation to allow 
testing with the specified EPA E10 test fuel instead of the E0 test 
fuel. As described for permeation testing above, we would not want 
manufacturers to use a test fuel that would decrease vapor pressures 
and allow manufacturers to use a less effective control technology. We 
also request comment on the level of interest that manufacturers or 
testing organizations would have to be able to use EPA's specified E10 
test fuel in the near term, or at any point in the future.
    We specify emission standards and test procedures for portable fuel 
containers in 40 CFR part 59, subpart F. The test relies on a splash-
blended E10 test fuel. California ARB specifies their LEV III gasoline 
test fuel for the analogous procedures in California, but they allow 
manufacturers to submit data instead using EPA's specified test fuel. 
Accordingly, we believe manufacturers do not face the same burden of 
needing to perform duplicate measurements for the two agencies. We are 
therefore not proposing to change the EPA test fuel for portable fuel 
containers. However, we request comment on allowing manufacturers the 
option of using EPA's specified E10 test fuel to demonstrate compliance 
with the combined test for diurnal and permeation emissions.

B. Removing Obsolete CFR Content

    EPA first adopted emission standards for light-duty motor vehicles 
and heavy-duty highway engines in the 1970s. Emission standards for the 
first categories of nonroad engines started to apply in the 1990s. Each 
of these programs include emission standards that apply by model year. 
For most of these programs over time, engines and vehicles were subject 
to increasingly stringent standards and improved certification and 
testing requirements. All these standards and regulatory provisions are 
codified in the Code of Federal Regulations. As time passes, the 
regulations for past model years become obsolete, but it remains in 
print until there is a rulemaking change to remove it from print. We 
are proposing in this rule to remove large portions of this regulatory 
content that no longer applies. The following sections describe these 
changes for different sectors.
    Note that Section III.D describes several amendments to emission 
control programs for motor vehicles in 40 CFR parts 85 and 86. These 
amendments include several provisions that also remove obsolete 
regulatory content.
1. Clean Fuel Fleet Standards (40 CFR Part 88)
    The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 included numerical standards 
for the Clean Fuel Fleet program that were intended to encourage 
innovation and reduce emissions for fleets of motor vehicles in certain 
nonattainment areas as compared to conventionally fueled vehicles 
available at the time. As originally adopted, those Clean Fuel Fleet 
standards were substantially more stringent than the standards that 
applied to vehicles and engines generally.
    Now that we have begun implementing Tier 3 standards in 40 CFR part 
86, subpart S, the Clean Fuel Fleet standards are either less stringent 
than or equivalent to the standards that apply to vehicles and engines 
generally. Because the statute continues to require Clean Fuel Fleet 
standards for state clean-fuel vehicle programs, we cannot simply 
remove the Clean Fuel Fleet program from the regulations. Rather, we 
are proposing to implement the Clean Fuel Fleet standards in 40 CFR 
part 88 with a compliance option where vehicles and engines certified 
to current standards under 40 CFR part 86 and part 1036 would be deemed 
to comply with the Clean Fuel Fleet standards as Ultra Low-Emission 
Vehicles. Further, the Clean Fuel Fleet program as adopted included 
labeling requirements for engine and vehicle manufacturers to identify 
compliant engines and vehicles, and a restriction against including 
such engines or vehicles when calculating emission credits. Both 
provisions would also no longer be applicable because of the earlier 
mentioned increased stringency of standards for engines and vehicles, 
and under the compliance option we are proposing. Therefore, we are 
also proposing to remove these regulations. This will give clear 
instructions to vehicle and engine manufacturers as well as states that 
continue to have Clean Fuel Fleet provisions in their State 
Implementation Plans or become subject to these requirements in the 
future under CAA sections 182(c)(4)(A) and 246(a).
    For states with areas that become subject to the clean-fuel vehicle 
program requirements in the future based on a new designation as an 
ozone nonattainment area, the required state implementation plan 
submission for the program or for a substitute measure is due within 42 
months after the effective date of an area's nonattainment designation. 
The clean-fuel vehicle program requirements apply for ozone 
nonattainment areas with an initial designation as Serious, Severe, or 
Extreme. For marginal and moderate ozone nonattainment areas that are 
reclassified as Serious, Severe, or Extreme, the required state 
implementation plan submission for the program or for a substitute 
measure is due on the date specified in the EPA rulemaking finalizing 
the area's reclassification.

[[Page 28156]]

    The Clean Fuel Fleet program also depends on vehicle 
classifications that include Zero Emission Vehicles and Inherently Low-
Emission Vehicles. We are therefore preserving these defined terms in 
40 CFR part 88. We are proposing to consider as Zero Emission Vehicles 
all electric vehicles and any vehicle that does not emit 
NOX, PM, HC, CO, or formaldehyde (including evaporative 
emissions). We are proposing to simplify the definition of Inherently 
Low-Emission Vehicles to mean any certified vehicle that is designed to 
not vent fuel vapors to the atmosphere.
2. Legacy Nonroad Standards (40 CFR Parts 89 Through 94)
    The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act authorized EPA to set 
emission standards for nonroad engines. This led to a series of 
rulemakings to adopt emission control programs for different nonroad 
sectors. From 1994 through 1999, EPA adopted these emission control 
programs in 40 CFR parts 89, 90, 91, 92, and 94 (all part of Subchapter 
C).
    Starting in 2002, EPA adopted emission standards for additional 
nonroad emission control programs in a new subchapter, which allowed 
for improved organization and harmonization across sectors. We codified 
these new standards and related provisions in 40 CFR parts 1048, 1051, 
1065, and 1068 (all part of Subchapter U). Since then, we have migrated 
the ``legacy'' emission control programs from Subchapter C to 
Subchapter U. In each case, the migration corresponded to new emission 
standards and substantially updated compliance and testing provisions. 
This applies for the following sectors:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Sector                        Legacy regulation                   Current regulation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Land-based nonroad diesel engines.......  40 CFR part 89.............  40 CFR part 1039.
Nonroad spark-ignition engines at or      40 CFR part 90.............  40 CFR part 1054.
 below 19 kW.
Marine spark-ignition engines...........  40 CFR part 91.............  40 CFR part 1045.
Locomotives and locomotive engines......  40 CFR part 92.............  40 CFR part 1033.
Marine diesel engines...................  40 CFR part 94.............  40 CFR part 1042.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As a result of this migration, engine manufacturers have not 
certified engines under the legacy parts for the last 5-10 years. 
Removing these legacy parts reduces the cost to the Agency and prevents 
confusion for readers who think that the provisions still apply.
    While EPA's engine certification programs don't rely on these 
obsolete provisions, the new programs refer to the legacy parts for 
some specific provisions. For example, the new standard-setting part 
for each type of engine/equipment allows manufacturers to continue to 
certify carryover engine families based on test data from procedures 
specified in the legacy parts. We are not proposing to discontinue 
further use of carryover data from engines originally certified under 
the legacy parts. On the other hand, this provision will gradually 
sunset itself as manufacturers update engine designs and perform new 
testing for their engine families to meet current standards. 
Considering California's initiative to disallow carryover for nonroad 
spark-ignition engines starting in model year 2021, we request comment 
on taking a more direct approach that would sunset carryover based on 
testing performed according to the legacy parts.
    Another example of relying on the legacy parts in the new 
regulations is emission credits generated under the legacy parts. In 
most cases, current programs either disallow using those credits for 
certification, or they allow it without keeping separate accounts for 
credits generated under the legacy parts. We are proposing no changes 
where credits from legacy parts are either unavailable or 
indistinguishable from currently generated credits. One exception is 
for land-based nonroad diesel engines certified under 40 CFR parts 89 
and 1039. Current provisions in Sec.  1039.740 allow for limited use of 
Tier 2 and Tier 3 credits from part 89 for certifying Tier 4 engines. 
However, these constraints are not time-limited. Now that the Tier 4 
standards have been in place for several years, we would be interested 
in simplifying the credit accounting by sunsetting these provisions. We 
therefore request comment on the extent to which any manufacturers 
might rely on continued use of Tier 2 or Tier 3 emission credits for 
certifying their land-based nonroad diesel Tier 4 engines.
    We are also aware that other federal and state regulations and 
compliance programs include numerous references to 40 CFR parts 89 
through 94. To address this, we are proposing to replace the full text 
of regulations in the legacy parts with a paragraph describing the 
historical scope and purpose for each part. The remaining paragraph 
also directs readers to the new regulations that apply in Subchapter U, 
and clarifies how the regulatory requirements transition to the new 
content. As an example, the statute and regulations prohibit tampering 
with certified engines throughout an engine's lifetime, even if the 
original text describing that prohibition no longer resides in its 
original location in the Code of Federal Regulations.
    We are also proposing to capture the emission standards from the 
legacy parts as reference material in an appendix in the appropriate 
CFR parts. This allows for readily citing the historical standards in 
our own emission control programs, and in any other federal or state 
regulations or compliance materials that depend on citing emission 
standards that are no longer current for purposes of gaining EPA 
certification as part of our nonroad emission control program.
    In addition to removing references to the legacy parts, we are 
taking the opportunity to remove additional obsolete content from the 
newer regulations. Most of these changes were adopted to address 
temporary concerns as part of transitioning to new standards or other 
new requirements. We adopted these changes in isolated regulatory 
sections as ``interim provisions.'' Most of these interim provisions 
have been obsolete for several years.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ A docket memo includes redline text to highlight all the 
changes to the regulations in the proposed rule. This is especially 
helpful for reviewing provisions that we are removing from the CFR. 
See ``Redline Document Showing Proposed Changes to Regulatory Text 
in the Heavy-Duty Greenhouse Gas Amendments'', EPA memorandum from 
Alan Stout to Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0307. For obsolete provisions 
we are removing, see especially 40 CFR 1027.105, 1033.150, 1042.145, 
1045.145, 1048.145, 1051.145, 1054.145, and 1054.625.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    References to the legacy parts are especially common for stationary 
engines EPA regulates under 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII and subpart 
JJJJ. The emission standards for stationary engines in many cases rely 
on current or past nonroad emission standards in 40 CFR parts 89, 90, 
and 94. Including all the iterations of these emission standards as 
reference material allows us to preserve the existing set of standards 
and requirements for

[[Page 28157]]

stationary engines. The proposed regulations include numerous 
amendments to 40 CFR part 60 to change regulatory cites from the legacy 
parts to the new regulatory parts in Subchapter U.
    Most of the changes for stationary engines in 40 CFR part 60 are 
intended to update references without changing standards or other 
provisions. We are proposing two more substantive changes. First, we 
are proposing to allow manufacturers of emergency stationary 
compression-ignition internal combustion engines and stationary 
emergency spark-ignition engines to certify using assigned 
deterioration factors. Since these emergency engines generally serve in 
standby status in anticipation of emergency situations, they often have 
lifetime operation that is much less extensive than non-emergency 
engines. Assigned deterioration factors would allow manufacturers to 
demonstrate the durability of emission controls without performing 
testing that might otherwise exceed the operating life of the engines 
being certified.
    Second, stationary spark-ignition engines are currently subject to 
emission standards and certification procedures adopted under 40 CFR 
part 90 for Phase 1 engines. Revising the requirements for these 
engines to instead rely on the certification procedures in 40 CFR part 
1054 requires that we identify the Phase 1 standards as not including 
the following provisions that apply for Phase 3 engines (as noted in 
the proposed regulatory text for Appendix I of part 1054):
     The useful life and corresponding deterioration factors.
     Evaporative emission standards.
     Altitude adjustments.
     Warranty assurance provisions in Sec.  1054.120(f).
     Emission-related installation instructions.
     Bonding.

C. Certification Fees (40 CFR Part 1027)

    EPA is making several minor changes in 40 CFR part 1027 to update 
the procedures and align the instructions with current practices. None 
of these changes involve change or reconsideration of fee policies. We 
are proposing the following changes:
     Correcting the name of the compliance program.
     Replacing the schedule of fees from 2005 with the fees 
that apply for applications submitted in 2020.
     Revising the timeline for announcing adjusted fees for the 
upcoming year from a January 31 deadline to a March 31 deadline. This 
will allow for a more orderly process of calculating the new fees using 
the information from the previous year.
     Correcting the equation for non-evaporative certificates 
to no longer apply the inflation adjustment to operating costs. This 
corrects a publishing error that mistakenly introduced parentheses in 
the equation.
     Correcting the internet address for the consumer price 
index used for inflation adjustments.
     Removing the sample calculation for determining fees for 
2006.
     Revising submission and payment instructions to refer only 
to electronic forms and transactions through www.Pay.gov.
     Clarifying that deficient filings must be resolved before 
the end of the model year, and that the time limit for requesting 
refunds applies equally to deficient filings.

D. Additional Amendments for Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines 
(40 CFR Parts 85 and 86)

    Motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines are subject to emission 
standards and certification requirements under 40 CFR part 86. This 
applies for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty vehicles 
and engines, and highway motorcycles. There are additional compliance 
provisions in 40 CFR part 85. We are proposing the following amendments 
to these provisions:
     Part 85: We are amending the provisions for importation, 
exemptions, and model year to clarify that they no longer apply for 
heavy-duty engines. Those engines are already subject to analogous 
provisions under 40 CFR part 1068. While the two sets of provisions are 
largely the same, we want to avoid the ambiguity of having overlapping 
requirements. One aspect of this migration involves discontinuing the 
provisions that apply for Independent Commercial Importers for heavy-
duty engines. No one has used these provisions for several years, and 
we have no reason to believe anyone will start to use these provisions.
     Part 85: We are making several minor corrections to (1) 
refer to provisions in 40 CFR part 1068 related to confidential 
business information and hearing procedures, and (2) clarify 
organization names and addresses for submitting information.
     Part 85, Subpart O: This subpart set emission standards 
for 1993 and older model year urban buses undergoing engine rebuilding. 
We have confirmed with the American Public Transportation Association 
that there are very few such urban buses still operating, and that none 
of them will have engine rebuilds. We are therefore proposing to remove 
this content from the CFR.
     Sec.  85.1902(b)(2): We are clarifying that defect-
reporting requirements under paragraph (b)(2) apply for defects related 
to noncompliance with greenhouse gas emission standards, not criteria 
emission standards. This corrects an earlier amendment that 
inadvertently described the provisions as applying to noncompliance 
with any kind of emission standard. Defects related to criteria 
emission standards are covered by Sec.  85.1902(b)(1).
     Sec. Sec.  86.113-04, 86.213, and 86.513: Adding optional 
reference procedures for measuring aromatic and olefin content of E0 
gasoline test fuel. These changes align with the reference procedures 
for EPA's Tier 3 E10 gasoline test fuel at 40 CFR 1065.710(b). These 
changes are needed because material limitations prevent laboratories 
from using the procedures in ASTM D1319. This change also applies for 
the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c),
     Sec.  86.129-00: Revising the description of test weight 
basis to be loaded vehicle weight for all light-duty vehicles and 
light-duty trucks. This is a correction to align the regulation with 
current practice.
     Sec.  86.130-96: We are correcting the reference to a 
testing flowchart that was moved to 40 CFR 1066.801.
     Sec. Sec.  86.401-97 and 86.413-78: We are removing 
obsolete sections to prevent confusion.
     Sec. Sec.  86.419-2006 and 86.427-78: We are revising the 
table with service accumulation parameters to clarify how to perform 
testing separately for Class I-A and Class I-B, rather than treating 
them as a single class.
     Sec. Sec.  86.435-78 and 86.436-78: We are correcting 
references to the regulation to clarify that a motorcycle is compliant 
if measured test results are at or below the standards.
     Sec.  86.531-78: We are adding instruction to seal exhaust 
system leaks as needed before testing highway motorcycles. The proposed 
amendment also applies for testing off-highway motorcycles and all-
terrain vehicles under 40 CFR part 1051. This same instruction also 
applies for light-duty vehicle testing under 40 CFR 1066.110(b)(1)(vi).
     Part 86, Subpart P: The idle test procedures for spark-
ignition engine and vehicles are no longer needed for certification or 
other compliance demonstrations. We are therefore

[[Page 28158]]

proposing to remove this content from the CFR.
     Part 86, Subpart Q: Engine technology has advanced to 
include internal feedback controls and compensation to allow for 
operation at a wide range of altitudes. The certification requirements 
related to altitude adjustments are therefore mostly or completely 
obsolete. We are proposing a simplified version of the altitude 
provisions for highway motorcycles at 40 CFR 86.408-78(c) and (d) in 
case there are some very small motorcycles that require adjustment for 
altitude. We request comment on the need for these proposed provisions.
     Sec.  86.1803: We are revising the definition for heavy-
duty vehicle, with a conforming revision to the definition for light-
duty truck, to clarify that the sole regulatory criterion for whether a 
complete vehicle is a heavy-duty vehicle for purposes of the regulation 
is whether its gross vehicle weight rating is above 8,500 pounds. The 
current approach remains unchanged for incomplete vehicles; that is, 
heavy-duty vehicles also include incomplete vehicles even if their 
gross vehicle weight rating is at or below 8,500 pounds, if their curb 
weight is above 6,000 pounds or if their basic vehicle frontal area is 
greater than 45 square feet. The proposed revisions are intended to (1) 
prevent light-duty trucks from becoming heavy-duty vehicles in a 
configuration involving a hybrid powertrain due to the extra weight 
related to energy storage and (2) avoid an incentive for manufacturers 
to add vehicle weight or frontal area simply to avoid the standards 
that apply for light-duty vehicles. In these cases under the current 
definition, the curb weight or frontal area would artificially increase 
to the point that the vehicle would qualify as a heavy-duty vehicle, 
even though it otherwise has the characteristics of a light-duty truck. 
This same change is not necessary for incomplete vehicles because 
certifying manufacturers have the option to select the appropriate 
vehicle classification for those vehicles. Note that the proposed 
change applies only for future certification; any certified heavy-duty 
vehicle that would no longer fit the description will not be affected 
by the amended definition.
     Sec.  86.1810: We are clarifying the certification 
responsibilities for cases involving secondary vehicle manufacturers 
that modify a certified vehicle and recertify the modified vehicle to 
the standards that apply for a new vehicle under 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart S. Since the original certifying manufacturer accounts for 
these vehicles in their fleet average calculations for criteria exhaust 
emissions and evaporative emissions, we believe these secondary vehicle 
manufacturers should not be required to repeat those fleet average 
calculations for the affected vehicles. This would depend on the 
secondary vehicle manufacturer meeting all the same bin standards and 
family emission limits as specified by the original certifying 
manufacturer.
     Sec.  86.1811-17: The Federal Register mistakenly 
published a reference to the Tier 3 p.m. standard. Since we intended 
for the standard to apply at all times, we are amending the regulation 
to properly refer to that as the Tier 3 p.m. standard.
     Sec.  86.1813-01: We are clarifying that electric vehicles 
and fuel cell vehicles are not subject to evaporative and refueling 
emission standards. The preamble to the final rule adopting the light-
duty Tier 3 standards stated that these emission standards apply only 
for volatile fuels, but we did not include a clear statement excluding 
electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles in the regulations (79 FR 
23514, April 28, 2014).
     Sec.  86.1818-12: We are clarifying that manufacturers 
calculate the in-use CO2 standard using the appropriate test 
result for carbon-related exhaust emissions after adjustment with the 
deterioration factor to account for durability effects. In many cases, 
the deterioration factor is 0 (additive) or 1 (multiplicative), in 
which case the deterioration factor does not change the calculated in-
use CO2 standard.
     Sec.  86.1838-01: We are restoring text that was 
inadvertently removed in an earlier amendment. The restored text 
specifies which mileage provisions from Sec.  86.1845 do not apply for 
small-volume manufacturers doing in-use verification testing.
     Sec.  86.1868: We are adopting detailed provisions 
describing how reduced air conditioning test requirements apply for 
electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. These 
provisions are consistent with current practice described in EPA 
guidance. We are also proposing to specify that plug-in hybrid electric 
vehicles qualify for relief from AC17 testing, like electric vehicles, 
if they have an adjusted all electric range of 60 miles or more and 
they do not need engine power for cabin cooling during vehicle 
operation represented by the AC17 procedure. This is intended to 
include vehicles for which an owner can typically expect to avoid using 
the engine for daily commuting, including commutes on a hot summer day. 
Finally, we are proposing to clarify that manufacturers do not need to 
make a demonstration to qualify for air conditioning efficiency credits 
for pure electric vehicles or for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, 
provided that those vehicles qualify for waived AC17 testing as 
described above. This is due to the complexity of quantifying credit 
quantities in grams CO2 per mile for driving without engine 
power. We are also proposing to specify that AC17 testing with plug-in 
hybrid electric vehicles, if required, always be done in charge-
sustaining mode to avoid the confounding effect of intermittent engine 
operation during the test.
    Highway motorcycles are currently subject to emission standards 
based on emission measurements using the same duty cycle that applies 
for cars and trucks. The World Forum for Harmonisation of Vehicle 
Regulations (known as WP.29) adopted the World Motorcycle Test Cycle 
(WMTC) with the intent of establishing a single, harmonized test cycle 
that could be used for meeting emission standards in all countries. All 
European countries, along with some additional countries in Asia and 
South America, have adopted the WMTC. California ARB may also pursue 
regulation to adopt WMTC as part of its emission control program for 
highway motorcycles. We request comment on adopting the WMTC as a means 
of certifying highway motorcycles to EPA emission standards. We also 
request comment on any appropriate adjustment to the exhaust emission 
standards that apply for highway motorcycles to ensure equivalent 
stringency for testing with the WMTC.

E. Additional Amendments for Locomotives (40 CFR Part 1033)

    EPA is updating 40 CFR part 1033 to remove references to specific 
content in 40 CFR part 92, as described in Section III.B.2. In 
addition, we are proposing the following minor corrections and changes:
     Sec.  1033.150: Remove the interim provisions that no 
longer apply. This leaves paragraph (e) as the only remaining paragraph 
in this section.
     Sec.  1033.225: Clarify that amending an application for 
certification applies prospectively. In particular, amending an 
application does not apply for actions taken previously.
     Sec.  1033.255: Clarify that doing anything to make 
information false or incomplete after submitting an application for 
certification is the same as submitting false or incomplete 
information. For example, if there is a change to any corporate 
information or engine parameters described in the manufacturer's 
application for

[[Page 28159]]

certification, the manufacturer must amend the application to include 
the new information.
     Sec.  1033.255: Clarify that voiding certificates for a 
failure to comply with recordkeeping or reporting requirements will be 
limited to the certificates that relate to the particular recordkeeping 
or reporting failure.
     Sec.  1033.601: Correct references to specific provisions 
in 40 CFR part 1068.
     Sec.  1033.701: Correct a paragraph reference.
     Sec.  1033.740: Remove the reference to emission credits 
from part 92. There is no need for this, since the records related to 
credit accounting do not identify credits as being from part 92 or part 
1033. Any credits generated under part 92 will continue to be available 
for certifying locomotives under part 1033.
     Sec.  1033.901: Name the date, January 1, 2000, that 
marked the start of the original locomotive emission standards, rather 
than describing the date with reference to publication of the original 
final rule and its effective date (18978 FR 63, April 16, 1998).
     Sec.  1033.925: Removing text in paragraph (e) that is 
already in paragraph (b) of the same section.

F. Additional Amendments for Land-Based Nonroad Diesel Engines (40 CFR 
Part 1039)

    EPA's emission standards and certification requirements for land-
based nonroad compression-ignition (CI) engines are identified in 40 
CFR part 1039. We refer to these as Nonroad CI engines. Several changes 
to 40 CFR part 1039 that apply broadly are described above. 
Specifically, Section III.B.2 describes how we are removing regulatory 
content related to the Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 standards originally 
adopted in 40 CFR part 89. We are accordingly amending 40 CFR part 1039 
to remove references to 40 CFR part 89 that no longer apply.
    This section describes additional proposed amendments for EPA's 
Nonroad CI program:
     Sec.  1039.20: Remove the option to use a branded name 
instead of the engine manufacturer's corporate name for uncertified 
stationary engines. Since these engines are not certified, there is no 
way for EPA to document any relationship between the engine 
manufacturer and the branded company. We also are not aware of anyone 
using this provision.
     Sec.  1039.20: Revise the label statement for stationary 
engines covered by Sec.  1039.20 to avoid references to specific parts 
of the CFR. This is intended to prevent confusion. We can approve 
continued use of labels with the older previous statement under the 
provisions of Sec.  1039.135(f). This may be needed, for example, if 
manufacturers have remaining labels in their inventory.
     Sec.  1039.101: Add a table entry to clarify how standards 
apply for engines with maximum engine power above 560 kW. The current 
rendering in the Code of Federal Regulations can be misleading.
     Sec.  1039.102: Correct the heading of Table 6 to include 
engines at or below 560 kW. The table was published in a way that 
inadvertently excluded 560 kW engines.
     Sec.  1039.135: Discontinue the equipment labeling 
requirement to state that engines must be refueled with ultra low-
sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD). Since in-use diesel fuel for these engines 
must universally meet ULSD requirements, there is no longer a benefit 
to including this label information.
     Sec.  1039.205: Add text to clarify how engine 
manufacturers should identify information in the application for 
certification related to engine diagnostic systems.
     Sec.  1039.225: Clarify that amending an application for 
certification applies prospectively. In particular, amending an 
application does not apply for actions taken previously.
     Sec.  1039.255: Clarify that doing anything to make 
information false or incomplete after submitting an application for 
certification is the same as submitting false or incomplete 
information. For example, if there is a change to any corporate 
information or engine parameters described in the manufacturer's 
application for certification, the manufacturer must amend the 
application to include the new information.
     Sec.  1039.255: Clarify that voiding certificates for a 
failure to comply with recordkeeping or reporting requirements will be 
limited to the certificates that relate to the particular recordkeeping 
or reporting failure.
     Sec.  1039.740: Remove the reference to emission credits 
from part 89. There is no need for this since the records related to 
credit accounting do not identify credits as being from part 89 or part 
1039.
     Sec.  1039.801: Revise the definition of ``low-hour'' to 
state that engines at or below 560 kW should qualify as ``low-hour'' 
only up to 125 hours, rather than 300 hours. This is intended to ensure 
that engine's tested to establish the low-hour emission result for an 
engine family are properly represented as new engines that have not 
started to experience deterioration of emission controls. This does not 
preclude continued testing beyond 125 hours, but it would prevent 
manufacturers from planning test programs that extend well beyond 125 
hours. This change aligns with the provisions that already apply for 
marine diesel engines under 40 CFR part 1042. We request comment on 
instead specifying the 125-hour threshold only for engines not expected 
to use NOX aftertreatment; this would cover engines up to 56 
kW under 40 CFR part 1039, and engines up to 600 kW under 40 CFR part 
1042.
     Sec.  1039.801: Revise the definition of ``small-volume 
engine manufacturer'' to remove the requirement to have certified 
engines in the United States before 2003. This limitation was related 
to the transition to meeting the Tier 4 standards. Now that those 
phase-in provisions have expired, the remaining provisions relate to 
reporting CH4 and N2O emissions and using 
assigned deterioration factors. We believe these provisions can 
reasonably be applied to start-up small businesses meeting the Tier 4 
standards.
    Finally, in addition to the proposed amendments to 40 CFR part 1039 
discussed above, we are requesting comment on the production limits for 
the alternate FEL provision in 40 CFR 1039.101(d)(2). In particular, we 
request comment on whether the NOX FEL cap should be 
increased.

G. Additional Amendments for Marine Diesel Engines (40 CFR Parts 1042 
and 1043)

    EPA's emission standards and certification requirements for marine 
diesel engines under the Clean Air Act are set out in 40 CFR part 1042. 
Emission standards and related fuel requirements that apply 
internationally are set out in 40 CFR part 1043.
    Several proposed changes to 40 CFR part 1042 that apply more 
broadly are described above. Specifically, Section III.B.2 describes 
how we are proposing to remove regulatory content related to the Tier 1 
and Tier 2 standards originally adopted in 40 CFR part 94. We are 
accordingly proposing to amend 40 CFR part 1042 to remove references to 
40 CFR part 94 that no longer apply.
    This section describes additional proposed amendments for our 
marine diesel engine program.
1. Marine Replacement Engine Exemption
    We are proposing several adjustments to the replacement engine 
exemption in Sec.  1042.615. First, we are clarifying the regulatory 
determination that applies for cases involving new replacement engines 
that are normally subject to Tier 4 standards. In the 2008 final rule 
to

[[Page 28160]]

adopt the Tier 4 standards, we finalized a determination ``that Tier 4 
engines equipped with aftertreatment technology to control either 
NOX or PM are not required for use as replacement engines 
for engines from previous tiers in accordance with this regulatory 
replacement engine provision.'' The preamble to that final rule made it 
clear that the determination was limited to ``Tier 4 marine diesel 
replacement engines that comply with the Tier 4 standards through the 
use of catalytic aftertreatment systems.'' (73 FR 37157) However, that 
limitation was not copied into the regulatory text. Recent events, 
including the certification of some engines to Tier 4 standards without 
aftertreatment, make it necessary to revise this replacement engine 
regulation to clarify that EPA originally intended for the 
determination to apply only in cases where the Tier 4 engine relies on 
aftertreatment technology, as indicated in the 2008 final rule. The 
rule also stated that ``[s]hould an engine manufacturer develop a Tier 
4 compliant engine solution that does not require the use of such 
technology, then this automatic determination will not apply.''
    Second, we propose to modify the requirement that engine 
manufacturers notify EPA after shipping exempt replacement engines. 
Sec.  1042.615(a) requires an engine manufacturer to send EPA 
notification 30 days after shipping an exempt engine to demonstrate 
that the selected engine was the cleanest available for the given 
installation. We indicated that ``[t]hese records will be used by EPA 
to evaluate whether engine manufacturers are properly making the 
feasibility determination and applying the replacement engine 
provisions.'' We also indicated that we expected engine manufacturers 
to examine ``not just engine dimensions and weight but other pertinent 
vessel characteristics such as drive shafts, reduction gears, cooling 
systems, exhaust and ventilation systems, and propeller shafts; 
electrical systems; . . . and such other ancillary systems and vessel 
equipment that would affect the choice of an engine.'' While engine 
manufacturers have submitted these reports, the information provided 
has not supported our original objective. Specifically, the reports 
vary widely in information provided but at the same time are too case-
specific. Therefore, we are proposing to require manufacturers to 
submit a single annual report that is due at the same time as the 
general requirement for reporting on replacement engines under 40 CFR 
1068.240. The annual report would include the information described in 
our 2008 rule for all the affected engines and vessels. This change 
would provide a predictable schedule for EPA to review the submitted 
information. This would also allow EPA to standardize the format and 
substance of the reported information. Manufacturers would benefit from 
submitting a consistent set of information in an annual submission for 
all their replacement engine information.
    Third, we are proposing to revise the regulatory instructions for 
submitting replacement engine reports under Sec.  1042.615. The number 
of exempt replacement engines would be limited to those that are 
shipped to boat owners or designated for a specific vessel. Engine 
manufacturers may produce and ship exempt replacement engines (with 
per-cylinder displacement up to 7 liters) without making the specified 
demonstrations, as allowed under 40 CFR 1068.240(c), but manufacturers 
may produce only a limited number of those ``untracked'' engines in a 
given year. Those untracked replacement engines are covered by the 
reporting requirements that apply under Sec.  1068.240 since the 
tracked exemption under Sec.  1042.615 and Sec.  1068.240(b) does not 
allow for shipping engines to distributors without identifying a 
specific installation and making the necessary demonstrations for that 
installation. We are proposing to take a streamlined approach for Tier 
3 engines since the demonstration for those engines consists of 
affirming EPA's regulatory determination that no suitable Tier 4 
engines (without aftertreatment) are available for replacement. We do 
not expect engines with per-cylinder engine displacement below 7 liters 
to be able to meet Tier 4 standards without aftertreatment devices. As 
a result, Tier 3 replacement engines are limited only in that they may 
not be used to replace engines that were certified to Tier 4 standards. 
In this early stage of implementing Tier 4 standards, we expect it to 
be several years before Tier 4 engines need replacement. On the other 
hand, the gradual turnover of the fleet will make Tier 4 replacements 
more common, which may in turn decrease the demand for Tier 3 
replacement engines. We request comment on applying this streamlined 
approach for Tier 3 replacement engines only through 2025 to reflect 
this expected development.
    Finally, we propose to clarify that the determination related to 
Tier 4 replacement engines applies differently for engines that become 
new based on vessel modifications. Under the definition of ``new 
vessel'' in Sec.  1042.901, modification of an existing vessel may 
cause the vessel to become ``new'' if the vessel modifications cause 
the vessel's assessed value to at least double. In this case, all 
engines installed on the vessel are subject to standards for the model 
year based on the date of vessel modifications. Since the effective 
dates of the Tier 4 standards, we have learned that there may be 
circumstances in which vessel modifications may be substantial enough 
to qualify a vessel as ``new,'' but the installation of new Tier 4 
engines may not be practical or feasible without cost-prohibitive 
additional vessel modifications. For example, a vessel owner may want 
to make a substantial upgrade to an older vessel, including engine 
replacement with a much lower-emitting engine. If the upgrade doubles 
the assessed value of the vessel, this would trigger a need for all 
installed or replacement engines above 600 kW to be certified to Tier 4 
standards. We have learned that such a project may become cost-
prohibitive based on the additional vessel modifications needed to 
accommodate the Tier 4 engine, which could cause the vessel to continue 
operating in the higher-emitting configuration. To address this 
scenario, we are proposing to allow the replacement engine exemption 
for certain vessels that become new because of modifications, subject 
to a set of conditions. Specifically, the exemption would apply only 
with EPA's advance approval based on a demonstration that the 
installation of a Tier 4 engine would require significant vessel 
redesign that is infeasible or impractical. EPA's assessment may 
account for the extent of the modifications already planned for the 
project. EPA may approve installation of Tier 3 engines instead of Tier 
4 engines for qualifying vessels. Recreational engines and commercial 
engines below 600 kW are not subject to Tier 4 standards. As a result, 
if a vessel becomes new through modification, it should be reasonable 
to expect such new engines to be certified to Tier 3 standards rather 
than being eligible for the replacement engine exemption.
    Vessel modifications may also involve Category 3 engines, which are 
subject to Tier 3 standards. Because these engines and vessels are so 
large, we believe the exemption provisions described above for vessels 
that become new as a result of modifications are not needed to 
accommodate Tier 2 standards instead of Tier 3 standards. However, we 
request comment on applying the exemption provisions for this 
circumstance as described above for Category 1 and Category 2 engines.
    We request comment on all aspects of the proposed amendments to the

[[Page 28161]]

replacement engine exemption for marine diesel engines.
2. Provisions Related to On-Off Controls for Marine Engines
    EPA adopted the current set of emissions standards for Category 3 
marine diesel engines in 2010 (75 FR 22932; April 30, 2010). The Tier 3 
standards include provisions allowing engine manufacturers to design 
their engines with control systems that allow an engine to meet the 
Tier 3 standards while operating in U.S. waters, including the North 
American Emission Control Area and the U.S. Caribbean Sea Emission 
Control Area (ECAs), and the less stringent Tier 2 standards while 
operating outside of U.S. waters. We refer to this design strategy as 
``on-off control.'' These provisions reflect the geographic nature of 
the NOX engine standards contained in Regulation 13, MARPOL 
Annex VI.
    Engine manufacturers have raised questions about the meaning of the 
regulatory provision at Sec.  1042.101 that requires Category 3 engines 
to ``comply fully with the Tier 2 standards when the Tier 3 emission 
controls are disabled.'' This was intended to incorporate the ``on-off 
controls'' allowed under MARPOL Annex VI for the IMO Tier III 
NOX limits. The HC and CO standards for Category 3 engines 
apply equally for EPA's Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards adopted under the 
Clean Air Act, so there should be no question that those standards 
apply even if NOX controls are disabled. While 40 CFR 
1042.104 includes a PM requirement, it is a reporting requirement only. 
The only other ``standard'' for Category 3 engines in 40 CFR part 1042 
is the requirement related to mode caps in Sec.  1042.104(c). The mode 
caps serve as separate emission standards for each test point in the 
duty cycle used for certifying the engines. The 2010 final rule 
describes how the mode caps are necessary for proper implementation of 
the Tier 3 standards for SCR-equipped engines (75 FR 22932). Since 
Category 3 engines with SCR systems would generally comply with the 
Tier 2 NOX standard in the ``disabled'' configuration 
without SCR, we believe there would be no benefit to applying the mode 
caps as a part of the Tier 2 configuration for these Tier 3 engines 
with on-off controls. We are therefore proposing to clarify that the 
mode caps are associated only with the Tier 3 NOX standards. 
This approach is consistent with the on-off control provisions adopted 
under MARPOL Annex VI.
    The regulation also allows for on-off controls for NOX 
for auxiliary engines used on vessels powered by Category 3 engines. 
More broadly, Sec.  1402.650(d) allows those engines to be certified to 
MARPOL Annex VI standards instead of being certified to EPA's emission 
standards under 40 CFR part 1042. The regulation as originally written 
describes how these engines must comply with EPA's Tier 3 and Tier 4 
standards in the same way that Category 3 engines must comply with 
EPA's Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards. However, since auxiliary engines 
installed on Category 3 vessels are certified to MARPOL Annex VI 
standards instead of EPA's emission standards, the regulation should 
describe how these auxiliary engines must meet the IMO Tier II and IMO 
Tier III NOX standards to comply with the on-off control 
provisions under Sec.  1042.115(g). These requirements related to the 
EIAPP certificates for engines with on-off controls are addressed under 
MARPOL Annex VI and 40 CFR part 1043.
3. Miscellaneous Marine Diesel Amendments
    EPA is proposing to make several additional changes across 40 CFR 
part 1042 to correct errors, to add clarification, and to make 
adjustments based on lessons learned from implementing these regulatory 
provisions. Specifically, EPA is proposing the following:
     Sec.  1042.101: Revise the instruction for specifying a 
longer useful life. The regulation as originally adopted states that 
engine design, advertising, and marketing may equally serve as the 
basis for establishing a longer useful life. We would not expect 
manufacturers to specify a longer useful life based only on advertising 
and marketing claims. The proposed amendment emphasizes that design 
life is the basis for specifying a longer useful life, with the further 
explanation that the recommended overhaul interval can be understood, 
together with advertising and marketing materials and other relevant 
factors, to properly represent an engine's design life.
     Sec.  1042.101: The Federal Register mistakenly published 
references to Tier 3 PM standards and Tier 4 PM standards. Since we 
intended for those standards to apply at all times, we are amending the 
regulation to properly refer to those as Tier 3 PM standards and Tier 4 
PM standards.
     Sec.  1042.115: Revise the provision related to on-off 
controls to clarify that we have designated NOX Emission 
Control Areas (ECAs) for U.S. waters. We no longer need to reference a 
possible future ECA. We propose to use the U.S. ECA boundaries to 
establish the area in which engines with on-off controls for 
aftertreatment-based standards need to be fully operational.
     Sec.  1042.125: Add maintenance requirements for fuel-
water separator cartridges or elements as an additional example of 
maintenance that is not emission-related. This aligns with the 
maintenance specifications for land-based nonroad diesel engines in 40 
CFR part 1039.
     Sec.  1042.135: Revise the labeling instruction for 
engines installed in domestic-only vessels to clarify that it applies 
only for engines above 130 kW, and that it applies equally for 
commercial and recreational vessels. These changes both align the EPA 
regulations to more closely align with the international standards 
under MARPOL Annex VI.
     Sec.  1042.145: Add a provision allowing more flexible 
marine installation of engines meeting standards for land-based nonroad 
manufacturers. The regulation as originally drafted allows 
manufacturers to install certified land-based nonroad engines in marine 
vessels. This is straightforward for recreational engines and for 
engines at or above 600 kW because the emission standards from the two 
programs are nearly identical. Commercial marine engines below 600 kW 
are subject to Tier 3 standards, while the comparable land-based 
nonroad engines are subject to more stringent Tier 4 standards. This 
makes the intended flexibility provision impractical for these engines. 
We are proposing to address that by allowing manufacturers to use the 
flexibility for land-based nonroad engines that were certified to the 
Tier 3 emission standards in an earlier model year. Note that land-
based nonroad engines below 37 kW and above 560 kW were never subject 
to Tier 3 emission standards, so this proposed provision would not 
apply to them. Those land-based nonroad engines were subject to Tier 2 
standards, which are substantially less stringent than the marine Tier 
3 standards for NOX + HC or PM (or both). The detailed 
compliance provisions for these engines are described in 40 CFR 
1068.265.
     Sec.  1042.225: Clarify that amending an application for 
certification applies prospectively. In particular, amending an 
application does not apply for actions taken previously.
     Sec.  1042.255: Clarify that doing anything to make 
information false or incomplete after submitting an application for 
certification is the same as submitting false or incomplete 
information. For example, if there is a change to any corporate 
information or engine parameters described in the

[[Page 28162]]

manufacturer's application for certification, the manufacturer must 
amend the application to include the new information.
     Sec.  1042.255: Clarify that voiding certificates for a 
failure to comply with recordkeeping or reporting requirements will be 
limited to the certificates that relate to the particular recordkeeping 
or reporting failure.
     Sec.  1042.302: For emission testing during sea trials for 
Category 3 engines with on-off controls, allow manufacturers the 
flexibility to omit testing in Tier 2 mode if they do not need 
aftertreatment to meet the Tier 2 standards. We are most interested in 
compliance with the Tier 3 standards, since those controls are active 
anytime vessels are operating within ECA boundaries. System design and 
calibration with aftertreatment involves greater uncertainty than 
engines that comply using only in-cylinder controls. As a result, we 
believe the compliance demonstration for Tier 2 mode adds value only if 
it involves aftertreatment.
     Sec.  1042.650: Revise the introductory text to clarify 
that paragraphs (a) through (c) continue to apply only for Category 1 
and Category 2 engines, and that the provisions related to auxiliary 
engines on Category 3 vessels in paragraph (d) apply equally for 
Category 3 auxiliary engines. By adding paragraph (d) with limitation 
described in the section's introductory text, we inadvertently excluded 
Category 3 auxiliary engines.
     Sec.  1042.655: Clarify that measuring engine-out 
emissions for engines that use exhaust aftertreatment must account for 
the backpressure and other effects associated with the aftertreatment 
devices. While improving the alignment between measured results and 
modeled results, this change also has the effect of removing the 
expectation that engine-out (pre-catalyst) emissions must meet Tier 2 
standards; this is intended to address the case in which an engine may 
meet the Tier 2 standards with a different SCR dosing strategy rather 
than by completely disabling the SCR system.
     Sec.  1042.701: Remove the reference to emission credits 
from part 94. This reference is not needed since the records related to 
credit accounting do not identify credits as being from part 94 or part 
1042.
     Sec.  1042.801: Remove the requirement to register fuels 
used to certify remanufacturing systems. EPA does not register fuels 
such as natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, so it is not 
appropriate to impose such a registration requirement. The requirement 
continues to apply for remanufacturing systems that are based on diesel 
fuel additives.
     Sec.  1043.41: Clarify that engine manufacturers may 
continue to produce new engines under an established EIAPP certificate 
after a change in emission standards for purposes other than 
installation in a new vessel. For example, manufacturers may need to 
produce engines certified to IMO Tier II NOX standards after 
2016 for installation as replacement engines in vessels built before 
2016.
     Sec.  1042.910 and Sec.  1043.100: Incorporate by 
reference the 2017 edition of MARPOL Annex VI and the NOx Technical 
Code, dated 2017, which contains all amendments through 2016.
    Engine manufacturers have been testing production engines as 
described in 40 CFR part 1042. This generally involves testing up to 1 
percent of production engines for engine families with production 
volumes greater than 100 engines. We adopted these testing provisions 
with the expectation that most families would have production volumes 
greater than 100 engines per year. It turns out that there are a few 
families with production volumes substantially greater than 100 engines 
per year, but many families qualify as small-volume families that are 
not subject to production-line testing requirements. As a result, 
manufacturers test several engines in large engine families, but many 
engine families have no production-line testing at all.
    The biggest benefit of production-line testing for this sector is 
to confirm that engine manufacturers can go beyond the prototype engine 
build for certification and move to building compliant engines in a 
production environment. From this perspective, the first test is of 
most value, with additional tests adding assurance of proper quality 
control procedures for ongoing production. We are considering whether 
to revise the production-line testing regimen for marine diesel engines 
to reflect this basic objective. Toward that end, we would consider 
amending the regulation to require no more than one test per family. An 
engine test from a prior year would count as a sufficient demonstration 
as long as the manufacturer certifies the engine family using carryover 
emission data. At the same time, we would remove the testing exemption 
for small businesses and small-volume engine families. We believe this 
would result in a more effective program with no increase in overall 
testing.
    We have prepared a memorandum to spell out a possible approach for 
a revised production-line testing protocol.\21\ We request comment on 
amending the production-line testing program to require broader testing 
at lower sampling rates.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ ``Alternative Production-Line Testing Requirements for 
Marine Diesel Engines,'' EPA memorandum from Alan Stout to Docket 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0307, January 23, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

H. Portable Fuel Containers (40 CFR Part 59)

    EPA's emission standards and certification requirements for 
portable fuel containers are described in 40 CFR part 59. Section III.A 
describes a proposed amendment related to test fuel specifications. In 
addition, we are proposing the following amendments:
     Sec.  59.626: Correct the reference to additional testing 
to recognize that the manufacturer may need to test multiple 
containers.
     Sec.  59.628: Align recordkeeping specifications with the 
provisions that apply for nonroad engines and equipment. This removes 
the ambiguity from applying specifications differently for different 
types of testing information. As noted in Section III.J, now that test 
records are stored electronically, there is no reason to differentiate 
testing information into routine and non-routine records.
     Sec.  59.650: Revise the blending instruction to specify a 
lower level of precision; specifying a range of 10.0  1.0 
percent, which is consistent with the approach we take in 40 CFR 
1060.515 and 1060.520.
     Sec.  59.653: Correct the pressure specification for 
durability testing. The amendment adjusts the kPa value to match the 
psi value in the regulation. This aligns with the pressure testing 
specified for nonroad fuel tanks.
     Sec.  59.653: Clarify that the fuel fill level needs to 
stay at 40 percent full throughout slosh testing. The container should 
be closed for the duration of the test, so this clarification is mainly 
intended to ensure that the fuel tank does not leak during the test.
     Sec.  59.660: Revise the test exemption to clarify that 
anyone subject to regulatory prohibitions may ask for a testing 
exemption.
     Sec.  59.664: Correct the web address for U.S. Department 
of Treasury Circular 570.
     Sec.  59.680: Clarify how the definition of ``portable 
fuel container'' applies for different colors. The regulatory text 
states that red, yellow, and blue utility jugs qualify as portable fuel 
containers regardless of any contrary labeling or marketing. This is 
intended to prevent circumvention of emission standards with containers 
that would be

[[Page 28163]]

commonly recognized as portable fuel containers. Containers that are 
not red, yellow, or blue qualify as fuel containers if they meet the 
criteria described in the definition. The amendment to clarify this 
point does not represent a change in policy. For example, anyone who 
sold uncertified purple portable fuel containers that were subject to 
standards may be in violation of the prohibitions in 40 CFR 59.602.

I. Evaporative Emission Standards for Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines 
and Equipment (40 CFR Part 1060)

    EPA adopted evaporative emission standards and test procedures in 
40 CFR part 1060. Section III.A describes proposed amendments related 
to test fuel specifications. EPA is also proposing numerous changes 
across 40 CFR part 1060 to correct errors, to add clarification, and to 
make adjustments based on lessons learned from implementing these 
regulatory provisions. This includes the following changes:
     Sec. Sec.  1060.1 and 1060.801: Clarify how standards 
apply for portable nonroad fuel tanks.
     Sec. Sec.  1060.30 and 1060.825: Consolidate information-
collection provisions into a single section.
     Sec.  1060.104: Clarify that any approval from California 
ARB is sufficient for demonstrating compliance with running loss 
standards, rather than limiting this to approved Executive Orders.
     Sec.  1060.105: Clarify the requirement for tanks to be 
sealed to recognize the exception allowed under the regulation.
     Sec. Sec.  1060.105 and 1060.240: Allow manufacturers more 
generally to exercise the alternative of using procedures adopted by 
California ARB. This is necessary to allow testing with the E10 test 
fuel adopted by California ARB after the 2004 version of its regulation 
that is currently referenced in the Code of Federal Regulations.
     Sec.  1060.120: Clarify that the emission-related warranty 
period starts on the date that the ultimate purchaser buys the 
certified product. We also don't want to prohibit manufacturers from 
including components in the warranty if they fail without increasing 
evaporative emissions. These changes align with similar amendments in 
our other programs.
     Sec.  1060.130: Clarify how manufacturers must identify 
limitations on the types of equipment covered by the application for 
certification, especially for fuel caps. We allow equipment 
manufacturers to certify their equipment using widely varying 
approaches for fuel caps. The equipment manufacturer's certification 
and testing method needs to be reflected in their instructions for 
anyone completing assembly of equipment from that equipment 
manufacturer.
     Sec.  1060.135: Clarify how the equipment labeling 
provisions apply for engine manufacturers, and clarify that 
manufacturers need to apply labels at the time of manufacture. In many 
cases, the labeling is integral to the production process, such as for 
molded fuel tanks.
     Sec.  1060.135: Allow for permanently identifying the date 
of manufacture somewhere other than the emission control information 
label using any method (not only stamping or engraving), and require 
that the manufacturer describe in the application for certification 
where the equipment identifies the date of manufacture.
     Sec.  1060.135: Simplify the equipment labeling options to 
align with the prevailing practice. The alternative approaches have 
been confusing for manufacturers, who have all selected the option of 
identifying family names rather than component codes.
     Sec.  1060.137: Clarify when and how to label fuel caps. 
This depends only on whether the fuel cap is certified, not on whether 
the fuel cap is mounted directly on the fuel tank. It is also important 
to include the part number on the fuel cap if the equipment is designed 
with a pressurized fuel tank.
     Sec.  1060.205: Replace the requirement to submit data 
from invalid tests with a requirement to simply notify EPA in the 
application for certification if a test was invalidated.
     Sec.  1060.225: Clarify that amending an application for 
certification applies prospectively. In particular, amending an 
application does not apply for actions taken previously.
     Sec.  1060.225: Clarify how manufacturers may amend the 
application for certification during and after the model year, 
consistent with the current policy regarding field fixes.
     Sec.  1060.235: Clarify that we can direct manufacturers 
to send test products to EPA for confirmatory testing, or to a 
different lab that we specify.
     Sec.  1060.235: Add an explicit allowance for carryover 
engine families to include the same kind of within-family running 
changes that are currently allowed over the course of a model year. The 
original text may have been understood to require that such running 
changes be made separate from certifying the engine family for the new 
model year.
     Sec.  1060.250: Remove references to routine and standard 
tests, and remove the shorter recordkeeping requirement for routine 
data (or data from routine tests). We are proposing that all test 
records must be kept for eight years. With electronic recording of test 
data, there should be no advantage to keeping the shorter recordkeeping 
requirement for a subset of test data. EPA also notes that the eight-
year period restarts with certification for a new model year if the 
manufacturer uses carryover data.
     Sec.  1060.255: Clarify that doing anything to make 
information false or incomplete after submitting an application for 
certification is the same as submitting false or incomplete 
information. For example, if there is a change to any corporate 
information or parameters described in the manufacturer's application 
for certification, the manufacturer must amend the application to 
include the new information.
     Sec.  1060.255: Clarify that voiding certificates for a 
failure to comply with recordkeeping or reporting requirements will be 
limited to the certificates that relate to the particular recordkeeping 
or reporting failure.
     Sec.  1060.505: Revise the provision describing 
alternative test procedures to align with parallel text in 40 CFR 
1065.10(c). It is important to note that approved alternative 
procedures increase flexibility for certifying manufacturers without 
limiting available methods for EPA testing.
     Sec.  1060.520: For slosh testing and for the 
preconditioning fuel soak, specify that the fuel fill level should not 
decrease during testing, other than what would occur from permeation 
and from any appropriate testing steps to perform durability tests 
during the preconditioning fuel soak. We also specify that leaking fuel 
tanks are never suitable for testing, even if there is a potential to 
repair the leak.
     Sec.  1060.601: Remove the reference to fuel caps since 
there is no need for a separate description about how the regulatory 
prohibitions apply for fuel caps. As noted in Sec.  1061.1(c), fuel cap 
manufacturers that choose to certify their fuel caps under 40 CFR part 
60 become subject to all the requirements associated with 
certification.
     Sec.  1060.610: Adopt provisions clarifying how 
manufacturers can ship products that are not yet certified if that is 
needed for completing assembly at multiple locations, including 
shipment between companies and shipment between two facilities from a 
single company. These provisions are analogous to the provisions that 
apply for engines in 40 CFR 1068.260.

[[Page 28164]]

     Sec.  1060.640: Migrate engine branding to 40 CFR 1068.45.
     Sec.  1060.801: Update the contact information for the 
Designated Compliance Officer.
     Sec.  1060.801: Revise the definition of ``model year'' to 
clarify that the calendar year relates to the time that engines are 
produced under a certificate of conformity.
     Sec.  1060.801: Revise the definition of ``placed into 
service'' to prevent circumvention that may result from a manufacturer 
or dealer using a piece of equipment in a way that could otherwise 
cause it to no longer be new and subject to the prohibitions of 40 CFR 
1068.101.
     Sec.  1060.81: Correct the web address for the American 
Boat and Yacht Council.
     Sec.  1060.815: Migrate provisions related to confidential 
business information to 40 CFR part 1068.

J. Additional Amendments for Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 
19 kW (40 CFR Part 1054)

    EPA's emission standards and certification requirements for nonroad 
spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW are described in 40 CFR part 
1054. EPA is proposing numerous changes across 40 CFR part 1054 to 
correct errors, to add clarification, and to make adjustments based on 
lessons learned from implementing these regulatory provisions. This 
includes the following changes:
     Sec.  1054.1: Clarify that the provision allowing for 
voluntary certification under 40 CFR part 1054 for larger engines 
applies only for engines up to 30 kW and up to 1,000 cubic centimeters.
     Sec.  1054.2: Add a clarifying note to say that a person 
or other entity other than a conventional ``manufacturer'' may need to 
certify engines that become new after being placed into service (such 
as engines converted from highway or stationary use). This is intended 
to address an assumption that only conventional manufacturers can 
certify engines.
     Sec. Sec.  1054.30, 1054.730, and 1054.825: Consolidate 
information-collection provisions into a single section.
     Sec.  1054.120: Clarify that extended-warranty 
requirements apply for the emission-related warranty only to the extent 
that warranties are actually provided to the consumer, rather than to 
any published warranties that are offered. The principles are that the 
emission-related warranty should not be less effective for emission-
related items than for items that are not emission-related, and that 
the emission-related warranty for a given component should not be less 
effective than the basic mechanical warranty for that same component.
     Sec.  1054.125: Allow for special maintenance procedures 
that address low-use engines. For example, operators in certain 
circumstances may perform engine maintenance after a smaller number of 
hours than would otherwise apply.
     Sec.  1054.130: Remove references to ``nonroad'' equipment 
to accommodate regulations for stationary engines in 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart JJJJ, that rely on these same provisions.
     Sec.  1054.135: Allow for including optional label content 
only if this does not cause the manufacturer to omit other information 
based on limited availability of space on the label.
     Sec.  1054.145: Remove obsolete content. Most of the 
provisions in this section were needed only for the transition to the 
Phase 3 standards. We are also clarifying that the provision that 
allows for testing with California Phase 2 test fuel applies only 
through model year 2019. California ARB requires testing with its Phase 
3 test fuel starting in model year 2020.
     Sec.  1054.205: Replace the requirement to submit data 
from invalid tests with a requirement to simply notify EPA in the 
application for certification if a test was invalidated.
     Sec.  1054.205: Specify that the application for 
certification needs to include estimated initial and final dates for 
producing engines for the model year, and an estimated date for the 
initial introduction into U.S. commerce. This information helps with 
managing information in the application, and overseeing testing and 
other compliance requirements. This amendment aligns with current 
practice.
     Sec.  1054.225: Clarify that amending an application for 
certification applies prospectively. In particular, amending an 
application does not apply for actions taken previously.
     Sec.  1054.225: Simplify the instruction on changing the 
Family Emission Limit during the model year to specify that the 
manufacturer must identify the date of the change based only on the 
month and year. This change aligns with current practice for amending 
applications for certification.
     Sec.  1054.225: Clarify how manufacturers may amend the 
application for certification during and after the model year, 
consistent with the current policy regarding field fixes.
     Sec.  1054.235: Clarify that air-fuel ratio and other 
adjustable parameters are part of the selection of a worst-case test 
configuration for emission-data engines. If an engine has rich and lean 
settings, the manufacturer should determine which is the worst-case 
setting for emission measurements to determine deterioration factors. 
In particular, it is not appropriate to combine results from different 
settings to calculate any kind of average or composite value. Service 
accumulation between emission measurements may include any 
representative combination of those settings.
     Sec.  1054.235: Add an explicit allowance for carryover 
engine families to include the same kind of within-family running 
changes that are currently allowed over the course of a model year. The 
original text may have been understood to require that such running 
changes be made separate from certifying the engine family for the new 
model year.
     Sec.  1054.235: Clarify how EPA will calibrate engines 
within normal production tolerances for things that are not adjustable 
parameters.
     Sec. Sec.  1054.235, 1054.240, 1054.245, 1054.601, and 
1054.801: Describe how to demonstrate compliance with dual-fuel and 
flexible-fuel engines. This generally involves testing with each 
separate fuel, or with a worst-case fuel blend.
     Sec.  1054.240: Clarify that each measurement from 
emission-data vehicles must meet emission standards.
     Sec.  1054.245: Clarify the basis for EPA approval for 
using deterioration factors from other engines. EPA approval depends on 
the manufacturer demonstrating that emission measurements reasonably 
represent in-use deterioration for the engine family being certified. 
This copies in regulatory text that already applies under other EPA 
programs.
     Sec.  1054.245: Copy in the values and formulas used for 
assigned deterioration factors for handheld and nonhandheld engines. 
This includes a minor correction to the equation from 40 CFR 90.104(g) 
and a new description about combining deterioration factors for HC and 
NOX, but otherwise maintains the current policy and practice 
for these deterioration factors.
     Sec.  1054.250: Remove references to routine and standard 
tests, and remove the shorter recordkeeping requirement for routine 
data (or data from routine tests). We are proposing that all test 
records must be kept for eight years. With electronic recording of test 
data, there should be no advantage to keeping the shorter recordkeeping 
requirement for a subset of test data. EPA also notes that the eight-
year period restarts with

[[Page 28165]]

certification for a new model year if the manufacturer uses carryover 
data.
     Sec.  1054.255: Clarify that doing anything to make 
information false or incomplete after submitting an application for 
certification is the same as submitting false or incomplete 
information. For example, if there is a change to any corporate 
information or engine parameters described in the manufacturer's 
application for certification, the manufacturer must amend the 
application to include the new information.
     Sec.  1054.255: Clarify that voiding certificates for a 
failure to comply with recordkeeping or reporting requirements will be 
limited to the certificates that relate to the particular recordkeeping 
or reporting failure .
     Sec.  1054.301: Clarify the process for requesting a 
small-volume exemption from production-line testing. This is better 
handled as preliminary approval under Sec.  1054.210 rather than 
including it as part of the application for certification.
     Sec.  1054.310: Provide an example to illustrate how 
manufacturers may need to divide a year into four quarters if the 
production period is longer (or shorter) than 52 weeks.
     Sec.  1054.315: Clarify that results from repeat tests can 
be averaged together, provided that the engine is not modified during 
the test program. This applies for engine modifications to switch to a 
different engine configuration or to improve emission control for a 
given engine configuration.
     Sec. Sec.  1054.315 and 1054.320: Clarify how to manage 
test results for engines that fail an emission standard. Manufacturers 
must use the PLT test result from a failing engine regardless of the 
disposition of the failing engine. Manufacturers report test results 
after modifying a failing engine to show that it can be covered by the 
certificate of conformity, but manufacturers may factor these test 
results into PLT calculations only if the manufacturer changes 
production processes for all further engines to match the adjustments 
made to the failing engine. In that case, the test results from the 
modified engine count as a new test engine for the PLT calculations, 
rather than replacing the results from the engine before modifications. 
These regulatory changes codify the practice we have already 
established by guidance.\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ ``Production Line Testing (PLT) Report Clarification'', EPA 
guidance document CD-15-21, August 31, 2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Sec.  1054.505: Clarify the instructions for controlling 
torque at non-idle test modes, and for demonstrating compliance with 
cycle-validation criteria. The revised language more carefully 
describes the current practice for testing engines.
     Sec.  1054.620: Clarify that provisions apply for any kind 
of competition, not just racing.
     Sec. Sec.  1054.625 and 1054.626: Remove obsolete text.
     Sec.  1054.640: Migrate engine branding provisions to 
Sec.  1068.45.
     Sec.  1054.690: Correct the web address for U.S. 
Department of Treasury Circular 570, and clarify how an automatic 
suspension of a certificate of conformity applies for certain numbers 
of engines, and how U.S. Customs incorporates the bonding requirements 
into its entry procedures.
     Sec.  1054.701: Change terminology for counting engines 
from ``intended for sale in the United States'' to ``U.S.-direction 
production volume.'' This conforms to the usual approach for 
calculating emission credits for nonroad engines.
     Sec.  1054.710: Clarify that it is not permissible to show 
a proper balance of credits for a given model by using emission credits 
from a future model year.
     Sec.  1054.730: Clarify terminology for ABT reports.
     Sec.  1054.740: Remove obsolete content.
     Sec.  1054.801: Update the contact information for the 
Designated Compliance Officer.
     Sec.  1054.801: Remove the note from the definition of 
``handheld'' describing which standards apply for various types of 
equipment. The note does not cover all the provisions that apply, which 
has led to more confusion than clarity.
     Sec.  1054.801: Revise the definition of ``model year'' to 
clarify that the calendar year relates to the time that engines are 
produced under a certificate of conformity.
     Sec.  1054.801: Revise the definition of ``new nonroad 
engine'' to clarify that imported engines become new based on the 
original date of manufacture, rather than the original model year. This 
clarification is necessary because 40 CFR 1068.360 requires 
redesignation of an imported engine's model year in certain 
circumstances.
     Sec.  1054.801: Revise the definition of ``placed into 
service'' to prevent circumvention that may result from a manufacturer 
or dealer using a piece of equipment in a way that could otherwise 
cause it to no longer be new and subject to the prohibitions of 40 CFR 
1068.101.
     Sec.  1054.801: Revise the definition of ``small-volume 
equipment manufacturer'' to state that the volume limits apply for all 
calendar years, not just 2007 through 2009. We no longer use this 
definition for limiting the scope of transition or phase-in provisions. 
The provisions for reduced production-line testing, assigned 
deterioration factors, and reduced bonding burdens should apply without 
regard to the specific years identified in the original regulation 
adopting the Phase 3 standards.
     Sec.  1054.815: Migrate provisions related to confidential 
business information to 40 CFR part 1068.

K. Amendments for General Compliance Provisions (40 CFR part 1068)

    We are proposing a minor change to the replacement engine exemption 
in Sec.  1068.240 to clarify how manufacturers qualify exempted engines 
under the tracked option in Sec.  1068.240(b). Engine manufacturers may 
produce any number of exempt replacement engines if they meet all the 
specified requirements and conditions. To account for the timing of 
making the necessary demonstrations, the regulation specifies that 
engines must be designated as either tracked or untracked by September 
30 following each production year, which coincides with the reporting 
requirement to document the number of exempt replacement engines each 
manufacturer produces. The regulation as adopted specifies that 
manufacturers must meet ``all the requirements and conditions that 
apply under paragraph (b)* * * .''
    Manufacturers have raised a question about how this applies for the 
prohibition in Sec.  1068.240(b)(3) against returning the old engine 
into U.S. commerce unless the engine is covered by a certificate or an 
exemption, as if the engine were new. We note that Sec.  1068.32(a)(3) 
describes how regulatory terminology treats prohibitions and 
requirements as different types of provisions. As a result, we are 
proposing to modify the regulation to clarify that the requirements and 
conditions manufacturers must meet by September 30 to qualify under the 
tracked option are those ``requirements and conditions'' specified in 
Sec.  1068.240(b)(2). The provisions of Sec.  1068.240(b)(3) related to 
the disposition of the old engine continue to apply, but those 
provisions are not subject to the September 30 deadline.
    Note that marine diesel engines are subject to Sec.  1042.615 
instead of the requirements and conditions of Sec.  1068.240(b)(2). As 
a result, manufacturers qualify marine diesel engines under the tracked 
option by meeting the analogous requirements and conditions specified 
in Sec.  1042.615(a)(2)

[[Page 28166]]

by September 30 following each production year.
    Manufacturers have additionally expressed concerns about complying 
with the limit of producing only 0.5 percent of their production volume 
for specified sizes and types of engines under the untracked option. 
The challenge in part comes from complying with the limit as a 
percentage, since the allowed number of untracked replacement engines 
is unknown until the manufacturer establishes its total production 
volume for the year. In addition, untracked replacement engines are 
generally supplied to distributors in anticipation of engine failures, 
which might occur at very irregular intervals. We request comment on 
adjusting the terms of the untracked option for exempt replacement 
engines. Such an adjustment could take the form of (1) a greater 
percentage (perhaps only for large-displacement engines with low 
production volumes), (2) revised groupings for different sizes and 
types of engines, or (3) demonstrating compliance with the production 
limit over a multi-year period. Any comments supporting amended 
provisions should specify any recommended changes in detail and justify 
the need for those changes. Comments should also address concerns that 
any broadening of the terms of the exemption could have substantial air 
quality impacts by delaying the anticipated transition to engines 
meeting current standards.
    We are also proposing to add a definition for ``element of 
design.'' We use this expression to define terms such as ``auxiliary 
emission control device,'' ``emission control system,'' and 
``adjustable parameters.'' The proposed definition is based on earlier 
versions of the definition for the same term in other programs.
    We request comment on the administrative requirements associated 
with testing exemptions pursuant to 40 CFR 1068.210. In particular, we 
request comment on whether or not to revise the two-year period 
specified for the exemption. Should we allow for longer durations 
without requiring another request?

L. Other Requests for Comment

    EPA welcomes comments on the need for other technical corrections 
and clarifications. Readers are reminded to review public comments 
placed in the docket, which may contain requests for other corrections 
and clarifications. In addition, we request comment on the following 
broadly applicable topics.
1. End-of-Year Reports
    Averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) of emission credits is 
addressed separately in individual standard-setting parts. The 
standard-setting parts generally require manufacturers using ABT to 
submit two reports: an ``end-of-year'' report due 90 days after the end 
of the model year, and a ``final report'' due 270 days after the end of 
the model year. EPA uses this approach because we need to determine 
compliance as close to the end of the model year as possible, but 
manufacturers are often unable to verify their information within the 
90 days, so they need additional time before submitting their final 
reports. We request comment on potential revisions to this approach 
such as:
     Eliminating the 90-day report for manufacturers who have 
established a history of full compliance with the applicable ABT 
regulations.
     Replacing the two-report approach with a single 180-day 
report.
    We recognize that different approaches may be appropriate for 
different industries; thus, commenters are encouraged to consider 
revisions separately by sector. Commenters supporting reducing the 
reporting requirements are also encouraged to include estimates of 
potential cost savings.
2. Other Data Reporting
    We request comment on the potential for further streamlining data 
reporting requirements. For example:
     Do the regulations include redundant reporting 
requirements?
     Have certain older reporting requirements ceased to be of 
value?
3. Engines Used in Hazardous Locations
    Manufacturers of diesel engines and equipment are sometimes subject 
to other federal regulations in addition to EPA emission standards. 
Diesel engine manufacturers have shared with EPA information regarding 
requirements from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and 
the U.S. Coast Guard regarding regulations for engines operating in 
hazardous locations. The diesel engine industry has requested that EPA 
modify the EPA emission regulations to exempt engines used in hazardous 
locations from the EPA Tier 4 emission standards for nonroad land-based 
diesel engines and the EPA Tier 4 marine diesel standards, so that such 
engines are subject to the less stringent EPA Tier 3 emission standards 
for these categories of diesel engines. They have indicated that EPA 
should consider this change because they believe that it would be cost-
prohibitive for them to qualify diesel engines meeting EPA's Tier 4 
standards to these other rules. The concern applies for engines and 
equipment operating in Class I hazardous locations as identified in 29 
CFR part 1910 or 46 CFR part 111. These hazardous locations generally 
include land-based and marine oil-extraction facilities and paper 
manufacturing facilities. These regulations require that manufacturers 
modify engines and equipment, for example, by limiting maximum surface 
temperatures to 200 [deg]C or less.
    EPA does not have sufficient information to evaluate this request 
at this time. Therefore, we request that commenters with relevant 
information address the following aspects of this issue:
     Information on the annual production of new engines and 
equipment that have been sold in the past several years that are 
designed to be used in Class I hazardous locations, and any projections 
regarding future needs on an annual basis.
     The cost of producing fully compliant engines that could 
be used in affected hazardous locations that are compliant with EPA's 
Tier 3 standards and EPA's Tier 4 standards.
     The typical equipment applications the engines are used in 
and the price of the equipment.
     The typical usage rates for these engines (hours per day 
or hours per year), by equipment application (if possible).
     Information regarding the past and likely future market 
response in the absence of additional flexibility for these engines 
(manufacturers have already been subject to Tier 4 standards for 2-4 
years, after accounting for flexibility provisions to phase in the new 
standards).
Overcompliance Options
    The locomotive regulations at 40 CFR 1033.101(l) include a 
provision allowing manufacturers to voluntary certify to a more 
stringent tier of standards or additional requirements. That provision 
states that ``once the locomotives become subject to the additional 
standards, they remain subject to those standards for the remainder of 
their service lives.'' Manufacturers have recently noted the value of 
provisions allowing them to voluntarily comply with more stringent 
standards.\23\ Therefore, we request comment on whether or not similar 
provisions

[[Page 28167]]

should be adopted for other sectors addressed in this proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ Letter from Matthew W. Spears of the Engine Manufacturers 
Association, January 10, 2020.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Statutory Authority and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a significant regulatory action and was 
therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
for review.

B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling 
Regulatory Costs

    This action is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action 
because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This action does not impose any new information collection burden 
under the PRA. OMB has previously approved the information collection 
activities contained in the existing regulations and has assigned OMB 
control numbers 2060-0104, 2060-0287, 2060-0338, 2060-0545, 2060-0641. 
This rule clarifies and simplifies procedures without affecting 
information collection requirements.

D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this action would not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In 
making this determination, the impact of concern is any significant 
adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency may certify that a 
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, has no 
net burden or otherwise has a positive economic effect on the small 
entities subject to the rule. This proposed action is designed to 
reduce testing burdens, increase compliance flexibility, and make 
various corrections and adjustments to compliance provisions. We 
therefore anticipate no costs and no regulatory burden associated with 
this proposed rule. We have concluded that this proposed action will 
have no significant increase in regulatory burden for directly 
regulated small entities.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in 
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect 
small governments. The proposed action imposes no enforceable duty on 
any state, local or tribal governments. Requirements for the private 
sector do not exceed $100 million in any one year.

F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between 
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have tribal implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13175. This proposed rule will be implemented at the 
Federal level and affects engine and vehicle manufacturers. Thus, 
Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.

H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is 
not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and 
because there are no environmental health or safety risks created by 
this action that could present a disproportionate risk to children.

I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it is 
not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, 
distribution, or use of energy. We have concluded that this action is 
not likely to have any adverse energy effects because it is designed 
merely to reduce testing burdens, increase compliance flexibility, and 
make various corrections and adjustments to compliance provisions.

J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR 
Part 51

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (``NTTAA''), Public Law 104-113, 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) 
directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory 
activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or 
otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical 
standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling 
procedures, and business practices) that are developed or adopted by 
voluntary consensus standards bodies. NTTAA directs agencies to provide 
Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use 
available and applicable voluntary consensus standards. This action 
involves technical standards.
    Except for the standards discussed below, the standards included in 
the regulatory text as incorporated by reference (in parts 60, 86, 
1036, 1037, 1060, and 1065) were all previously approved for IBR and no 
change is proposed in this action.
    In accordance with the requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, we are proposing 
to incorporate by reference the use of test methods and standards from 
ASTM International, SAE International, and the International Maritime 
Organization. This includes the following standards and test methods:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Standard or test method         Regulation            Summary
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM D3588-98, Reapproved       40 CFR 1036.530..  Test method describes
 2017, Standard Practice for                        how to determine the
 Calculating Heat Value,                            lower heating value
 Compressibility Factor, and                        and other parameters
 Relative Density of Gaseous                        for gaseous fuels.
 Fuels.
ASTM D5769-15, Standard Test    40 CFR 86.1......  Test method describes
 Method for Determination of                        how to measure
 Benzene, Toluene, and Total                        aromatic content of
 Aromatics in Finished                              gasoline. This would
 Gasolines by Gas                                   be an alternative to
 Chromatography/Mass                                the currently
 Spectrometry.                                      specified method in
                                                    ASTM D1319, as
                                                    described in Section
                                                    II.A.3 for 40 CFR
                                                    1065.710.
ASTM D6550-15, Standard Test    40 CFR 86.1......  Test method describes
 Method for Determination of                        how to measure
 Olefin Content of Gasolines                        olefin content of
 by Supercritical-Fluid                             gasoline. This would
 Chromatography.                                    be an alternative to
                                                    the currently
                                                    specified method in
                                                    ASTM D1319, as
                                                    described in Section
                                                    II.A.3 for 40 CFR
                                                    1065.710.

[[Page 28168]]

 
SAE J1634, July 2017, Battery   40 CFR 1066.810..  Recommended practice
 Electric Vehicle Energy                            establishes uniform
 Consumption and Range Test                         procedures for
 Procedure.                                         testing battery
                                                    electric vehicles.
                                                    This is an updated
                                                    version of the
                                                    document currently
                                                    specified in the
                                                    regulation.
Revised MARPOL Annex VI,        40 CFR 1042.910    Treaty defines
 Regulations for the             and 40 CFR         international
 Prevention of Pollution from    1043.100.          requirements for
 Ships, Fourth Edition, 2017.                       ships, including
                                                    standards for fuel
                                                    sulfur content and
                                                    for NOx emissions
                                                    from installed
                                                    engines.
NOX Technical Code 2008,        40 CFR 1042.910    This document defines
 Technical Code on Control of    and 40 CFR         certification and
 Emission of Nitrogen Oxides     1043.100.          measurement
 from Marine Diesel Engines,                        procedures for ships
 2017 Edition.                                      subject to standards
                                                    under MARPOL Annex
                                                    VI.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The materials from the International Maritime Organization are 
updated versions of documents that are already incorporated by 
reference in 40 CFR 1042.910 and 40 CFR 1043.100. We intend to include 
in the final rule any amendments adopted subsequent to the referenced 
2017 publications.
    The referenced standards and test methods may be obtained through 
the ASTM International website (www.astm.org) or by calling ASTM at 
(610) 832-9585, the SAE International website (www.sae.org) or by 
calling SAE International at (877) 606-7323 (U.S. and Canada) or (724) 
776-4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada), the International Maritime 
Organization website (www.imo.org) or by calling the International 
Maritime Organization in London, England at 44-(0)20-7735-7611.
    EPA is publishing a new version of the Greenhouse Gas Emission 
Model (GEM), which we use for certifying heavy-duty highway vehicles to 
the GHG emission standards in 40 CFR part 1037. The model calculates 
GHG emission rates for heavy-duty highway vehicles based on input 
values defined by the manufacturer. The model is available as noted in 
the proposed regulations at 40 CFR 1037.810.
    We are removing numerous referenced documents as part of the effort 
to remove obsolete provisions in 40 CFR parts 85 through 94.

K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    EPA believes this action does not have disproportionately high and 
adverse human health or environmental effects on minority populations, 
low-income populations or indigenous peoples, as specified in Executive 
Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). Due to the small 
environmental impact, this proposed regulatory flexibility will not 
have a disproportionate adverse effect on minority populations, low-
income populations, or indigenous peoples.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 9

    Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 59

    Air pollution control, Confidential business information, Labeling, 
Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic 
compounds.

40 CFR Part 60

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Aluminum, Beverages, Carbon monoxide, Chemicals, Coal, Electric power 
plants, Fluoride, Gasoline, Glass and glass products, Grains, 
Greenhouse gases, Household appliances, Incorporation by reference, 
Industrial facilities, Insulation, Intergovernmental relations, Iron, 
Labeling, Lead, Lime, Metals, Motor vehicles, Natural gas, Nitrogen 
dioxide, Petroleum, Phosphate, Plastics materials and synthetics, 
Polymers, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Rubber and rubber 
products, Sewage disposal, Steel, Sulfur oxides, Vinyl, Volatile 
organic compounds, Waste treatment and disposal, Zinc.

40 CFR Part 85

    Confidential business information, Greenhouse gases, Imports, 
Labeling, Motor vehicle pollution, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Research, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 86

    Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business 
information, Incoporation by reference, Labeling, Motor vehicle 
pollution, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 88

    Labeling, Motor vehicle pollution, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

40 CFR Part 89

    Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business 
information, Imports, Labeling, Motor vehicle pollution, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Research, Vessels, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 90

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Research, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 91

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 92

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Railroads, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 94

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Penalties, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Vessels, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1027

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

40 CFR Part 1033

    Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business 
information, Environmental protection, Labeling, Penalties, Railroads, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 1036

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Environmental protection, Greenhouse 
gases, Incorporation by reference,

[[Page 28169]]

Labeling, Motor vehicle pollution, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1037

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Environmental protection, 
Incorporation by reference, Labeling, Motor vehicle pollution, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1039

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1042

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Environmental protection, Imports, 
Incorporation by reference, Labeling, Penalties, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Vessels, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1043

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Imports, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Vessels.

40 CFR Part 1045

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1048

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Research, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1051

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1054

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Labeling, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1060

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Incorporation by reference, 
Labeling, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Warranties.

40 CFR Part 1065

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Research.

40 CFR Part 1066

    Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 1068

    Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, 
Confidential business information, Imports, Motor vehicle pollution, 
Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Warranties.

    Dated: March 13, 2020.
Andrew R. Wheeler,
Administrator.
    For the reasons set out in the preamble, we propose to amend title 
40, chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations as set forth below.

PART 9--OMB APPROVALS UNDER THE PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT

Contents

0
1. The authority citation for part 9 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 135 et seq., 136-136y; 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2003, 
2005, 2006, 2601-2671; 21 U.S.C. 331j, 346a, 31 U.S.C. 9701; 33 
U.S.C. 1251 et seq., 1311, 1313d, 1314, 1318, 1321, 1326, 1330, 
1342, 1344, 1345 (d) and (e), 1361; E.O. 11735, 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR, 
1971-1975 Comp. p. 973; 42 U.S.C. 241, 242b, 243, 246, 300f, 300g, 
300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-1, 300j-2, 
300j-3, 300j-4, 300j-9, 1857 et seq., 6901-6992k, 7401-7671q, 7542, 
9601-9657, 11023, 11048.

0
2. Amend Sec.  9.1 by:
0
a. Removing entries for 85.1403 through 85.1415, 85.1514, 85.1712, 
85.1808, 85.2208, and 85.2401 through 85.2409;
0
b. Revising the entries under the heading ``Control of Emissions From 
New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engine'';
0
c. Removing the heading ``Clean-Fuel Vehicles'' and the items under 
that heading;
0
d. Removing the heading ``Control of Emissions From New and In-Use 
Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines'' and the items under that 
heading;
0
e. Removing the heading ``Control of Emissions From New and In-use 
Nonroad Engines'' and the items under that heading;
0
f. Removing the heading ``Control of Emissions From New and In-Use 
Marine Compression-Ignition Engines'' and the items under that heading;
0
g. Revising the entries under the heading ``Fuel Economy of Motor 
Vehicles'';
0
h. Revising the entry for ``1033.825'' to read as ``1033.925'' and
0
i. Revising the entry for ``1042.825'' to read as ``1042.925''.
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  9.1  OMB approvals under the Paperwork Reduction Act.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Control of Air Pollution From Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
85.503.....................................................    2060-0104
85.505.....................................................    2060-0104
85.1504....................................................    2060-0095
85.1505....................................................    2060-0095
85.1507....................................................    2060-0095
85.1508....................................................    2060-0095
85.1509....................................................    2060-0095
85.1511....................................................    2060-0095
85.1512....................................................    2060-0095
85.1705....................................................    2060-0104
85.1706....................................................    2060-0104
85.1708....................................................    2060-0104
85.1710....................................................    2060-0104
85.1802....................................................    2060-0104
85.1803....................................................    2060-0104
85.1806....................................................    2060-0104
85.1903....................................................    2060-0104
85.1904....................................................    2060-0104
85.1905....................................................    2060-0104
85.1906....................................................    2060-0104
85.1908....................................................    2060-0104
85.1909....................................................    2060-0104
85.2110....................................................    2060-0104
85.2114....................................................    2060-0060
85.2115....................................................    2060-0060
85.2116....................................................    2060-0060
85.2117....................................................    2060-0060
85.2118....................................................    2060-0060
85.2119....................................................    2060-0060
85.2120....................................................    2060-0060
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Control of Emissions From New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
86.000-7...................................................    2060-0104
86.000-24..................................................    2060-0104
86.001-21..................................................    2060-0104
86.001-23..................................................    2060-0104
86.001-24..................................................    2060-0104
86.004-28..................................................    2060-0104
86.004-38..................................................    2060-0104
86.004-40..................................................    2060-0104
86.079-31--86.079-33.......................................    2060-0104
86.079-39..................................................    2060-0104
86.080-12..................................................    2060-0104
86.082-34..................................................    2060-0104
86.085-37..................................................    2060-0104
86.090-27..................................................    2060-0104
86.091-7...................................................    2060-0104
86.094-21..................................................    2060-0104
86.094-25..................................................    2060-0104
86.094-30..................................................    2060-0104
86.095-14..................................................    2060-0104

[[Page 28170]]

 
86.095-35..................................................    2060-0104
86.096-24..................................................    2060-0104
86.098-23..................................................    2060-0104
86.099-10..................................................    2060-0104
86.107-98..................................................    2060-0104
86.108-00..................................................    2060-0104
86.111-94..................................................    2060-0104
86.113-15..................................................    2060-0104
86.113-94..................................................    2060-0104
86.129-00..................................................    2060-0104
86.142-90..................................................    2060-0104
86.144-94..................................................    2060-0104
86.150-98..................................................    2060-0104
86.155-98..................................................    2060-0104
86.159-08..................................................    2060-0104
86.160-00..................................................    2060-0104
86.161-00..................................................    2060-0104
86.162-03..................................................    2060-0104
86.163-00..................................................    2060-0104
86.412-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.414-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.415-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.416-80..................................................    2060-0104
86.421-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.423-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.427-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.428-80..................................................    2060-0104
86.429-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.431-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.432-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.434-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.435-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.436-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.437-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.438-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.439-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.440-78..................................................    2060-0104
86.445-2006................................................    2060-0104
86.446-2006................................................    2060-0104
86.447-2006................................................    2060-0104
86.448-2006................................................    2060-0104
86.449.....................................................    2060-0104
86.513.....................................................    2060-0104
86.537-90..................................................    2060-0104
86.542-90..................................................    2060-0104
86.603-98..................................................    2060-0104
86.604-84..................................................    2060-0104
86.605-98..................................................    2060-0104
86.606-84..................................................    2060-0104
86.607-84..................................................    2060-0104
86.609-98..................................................    2060-0104
86.612-97..................................................    2060-0104
86.614-84..................................................    2060-0104
86.615-84..................................................    2060-0104
86.884-5...................................................    2060-0104
86.884-7...................................................    2060-0104
86.884-9...................................................    2060-0104
86.884-10..................................................    2060-0104
86.884-12..................................................    2060-0104
86.884-13..................................................    2060-0104
86.1106-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1107-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1108-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1110-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1111-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1113-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1114-87.................................................    2060-0104
86.1805-17.................................................    2060-0104
86.1806-17.................................................    2060-0104
86.1809-12.................................................    2060-0104
86.1811-17.................................................    2060-0104
86.1823-08.................................................    2060-0104
86.1826-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1829-15.................................................    2060-0104
86.1839-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1840-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1842-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1843-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1844-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1845-04.................................................    2060-0104
86.1847-01.................................................    2060-0104
86.1862-04.................................................    2060-0104
86.1920-86.1925............................................    2060-0287
 
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Fuel Economy of Motor Vehicles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
600.005....................................................    2060-0104
600.006....................................................    2060-0104
600.007....................................................    2060-0104
600.010....................................................    2060-0104
600.113-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.206-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.207-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.209-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.301--600.314-08........................................    2060-0104
600.507-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.509-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.510-12.................................................    2060-0104
600.512-12.................................................    2060-0104
 
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 59--NATIONAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSION STANDARDS FOR 
CONSUMER AND COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

0
3. The authority citation for part 59 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7414 and 7511b(e).

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
4. Amend Sec.  59.626 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  59.626  What emission testing must I perform for my application 
for a certificate of conformity?

* * * * *
    (e) We may require you to test units of the same or different 
configuration in addition to the units tested under paragraph (b) of 
this section.
* * * * *
0
5. Amend Sec.  59.628 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  59.628  What records must I keep and what reports must I send to 
EPA?

* * * * *
    (b) Keep required data from emission tests and all other 
information specified in this subpart for five years after we issue the 
associated certificate of conformity. If you use the same emission data 
or other information for a later production period, the five-year 
period restarts with each new production period if you continue to rely 
on the information.
* * * * *
0
6. Amend Sec.  59.650 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  59.650  General testing provisions.

* * * * *
    (c) The specification for gasoline to be used for testing is given 
in 40 CFR 1065.710(c). Use the grade of gasoline specified for general 
testing. Blend this grade of gasoline with reagent grade ethanol in a 
volumetric ratio of 90.0 percent gasoline to 10.0 percent ethanol to 
achieve a blended fuel that has 10.0 1.0 percent ethanol by 
volume. You may use ethanol that is less pure if you can demonstrate 
that it will not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable emission standards.
* * * * *
0
7. Amend Sec.  59.653 by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(3), and 
(a)(4)(ii)(C) to read as follows:

Sec.  59.653  How do I test portable fuel containers?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Pressure cycling. Perform a pressure test by sealing the 
container and cycling it between +13.8 and -3.4 kPa (+2.0 and -0.5 
psig) for 10,000 cycles at a rate of 60 seconds per cycle. For this 
test, the spout may be removed and the pressure applied through the 
opening where the spout attaches. The purpose of this test is to 
represent environmental wall stresses caused by pressure changes and 
other factors (such as vibration or thermal expansion). If your 
container cannot be tested using the pressure cycles specified by this 
paragraph (a)(1), you may ask to use special test procedures under 
Sec.  59.652(c).
* * * * *
    (3) Slosh testing. Perform a slosh test by filling the portable 
fuel container to 40 percent of its capacity with the fuel specified in 
paragraph (e) of this section and rocking it at a rate of 15 cycles per 
minute until you reach one million total cycles. Use an angle deviation 
of +15[deg] to -15[deg] from level. Take steps to ensure that the fuel 
remains at 40 percent of its capacity throughout the test run.
    (4) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (C) Actuate the spout by fully opening and closing without 
dispensing fuel. The spout must return to the closed position without 
the aid of the operator (e.g., pushing or pulling the spout closed). 
Repeat for a total of 10 actuations. If at any point the spout fails to 
return to the closed position, the container fails the diurnal test.
* * * * *
0
8. Amend Sec.  59.660 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  59.660  Exemption from the standards.

* * * * *
    (b) Manufacturers and other persons subject to the prohibitions in 
Sec.  59.602 may ask us to exempt portable fuel containers to purchase, 
sell, or distribute them for the sole purpose of testing them.
* * * * *
0
9. Amend Sec.  59.664 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

[[Page 28171]]

Sec.  59.664  What are the requirements for importing portable fuel 
containers into the United States?

* * * * *
    (c) You may meet the bond requirements of this section by obtaining 
a bond from a third-party surety that is cited in the U.S. Department 
of Treasury Circular 570, ``Companies Holding Certificates of Authority 
as Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable Reinsuring 
Companies'' (https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/surety-bonds/circular-570.html).
* * * * *
0
10. Amend Sec.  59.680 by revising the definition of ``Portable fuel 
container'' to read as follows:

Sec.  59.680  What definitions apply to this subpart?

* * * * *
    Portable fuel container means a reusable container of any color 
that is designed and marketed (or otherwise intended) for use by 
consumers for receiving, transporting, storing, and dispensing 
gasoline, diesel fuel, or kerosene. For the purposes of this subpart, 
all utility jugs that are red, yellow or blue in color are deemed to be 
portable fuel containers, regardless of how they are labeled or 
marketed.
* * * * *

PART 60--STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES

0
11. The authority statement for part 60 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

0
12. Amend Sec.  60.4200 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4200  Am I subject to this subpart?

* * * * *
    (d) Stationary CI ICE may be eligible for exemption from the 
requirements of this subpart as described in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart 
C, except that owners and operators, as well as manufacturers, may be 
eligible to request an exemption for national security.
0
13. Amend Sec.  60.4201 by revising paragraph (a), paragraph (d) 
introductory text, paragraph (f) introductory text, and paragraph (h) 
to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4201  What emission standards must I meet for non-emergency 
engines if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine 
manufacturer?

    (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify their 2007 model year and later non-emergency stationary CI ICE 
with a maximum engine power less than or equal to 2,237 kilowatt (KW) 
(3,000 horsepower (HP)) and a displacement of less than 10 liters per 
cylinder to the certification emission standards for new nonroad CI 
engines in 40 CFR 1039.101, 40 CFR 1039.102, 40 CFR 1039.104, 40 CFR 
1039.105, 40 CFR 1039.107, and 40 CFR 1039.115 and 40 CFR part 1039, 
Appendix I, as applicable, for all pollutants, for the same model year 
and maximum engine power.
* * * * *
    (d) Stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify the following non-emergency stationary CI ICE to the 
appropriate Tier 2 emission standards for new marine CI engines as 
described in 40 CFR part 1042, Appendix I, for all pollutants, for the 
same displacement and rated power:
* * * * *
    (f) Notwithstanding the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (c) 
of this section, stationary non-emergency CI ICE identified in 
paragraphs (a) and (c) of this section may be certified to the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1042 for commercial engines that are 
applicable for the engine's model year, displacement, power density, 
and maximum engine power if the engines will be used solely in either 
or both of the following locations:
* * * * *
    (h) Stationary CI ICE certified to the standards in 40 CFR part 
1039 and equipped with auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) as 
specified in 40 CFR 1039.665 must meet the Tier 1 certification 
emission standards for new nonroad CI engines in 40 CFR part 1039, 
Appendix I while the AECD is activated during a qualified emergency 
situation. A qualified emergency situation is defined in 40 CFR 
1039.665. When the qualified emergency situation has ended and the AECD 
is deactivated, the engine must resume meeting the otherwise applicable 
emission standard specified in this section.
0
14. Amend Sec.  60.4202 by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(2), 
(b)(2), paragraph (e) introductory text, and paragraph (g) introductory 
text to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4202  What emission standards must I meet for emergency 
engines if I am a stationary CI internal combustion engine 
manufacturer?

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) The Tier 2 emission standards for new nonroad CI engines for 
the appropriate rated power as described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix 
I, for all pollutants and the smoke standards as specified in 40 CFR 
1039.105 for model year 2007 engines, and
* * * * *
    (2) For engines with a rated power greater than or equal to 37 KW 
(50 HP), the Tier 2 or Tier 3 emission standards for new nonroad CI 
engines for the same rated power as described in 40 CFR part 1039, 
Appendix I for all pollutants and the smoke standards as specified in 
40 CFR 1039.105 beginning in model year 2007.
    (b) * * *
    (2) For 2011 model year and later, the Tier 2 emission standards as 
described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix I for all pollutants and the 
smoke standards as specified in 40 CFR 1039.105.
* * * * *
    (e) Stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify the following emergency stationary CI ICE that are not fire 
pump engines to the appropriate Tier 2 emission standards for new 
marine CI engines as described in 40 CFR part 1042, Appendix I,, for 
all pollutants, for the same displacement and rated power:
* * * * *
    (g) Notwithstanding the requirements in paragraphs (a) through (d) 
of this section, stationary emergency CI ICE identified in paragraphs 
(a) and (c) of this section may be certified to the provisions of 40 
CFR part 1042 for commercial engines that are applicable for the 
engine's model year, displacement, power density, and maximum engine 
power if the engines will be used solely in either or both of the 
locations identified in paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this section. 
Engines that would be subject to the Tier 4 standards in 40 CFR part 
1042 that are used solely in either or both of the locations identified 
in paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this section may instead continue to be 
certified to the appropriate Tier 3 standards in 40 CFR part 1042.
* * * * *
0
15. Amend Sec.  60.4204 by revising paragraphs (a) and (f) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  60.4204  What emission standards must I meet for non-emergency 
engines if I am an owner or operator of a stationary CI internal 
combustion engine?

    (a) Owners and operators of pre-2007 model year non-emergency 
stationary CI ICE with a displacement of less than 10 liters per 
cylinder must comply with the emission standards in table 1 to this 
subpart. Owners and operators of pre-2007 model year non-emergency 
stationary CI ICE with a displacement of greater than or equal to 10 
liters per cylinder and less than 30 liters per

[[Page 28172]]

cylinder must comply with the Tier 1 emission standards in 40 CFR part 
1042, Appendix I.
* * * * *
    (f) Owners and operators of stationary CI ICE certified to the 
standards in 40 CFR part 1039 and equipped with AECDs as specified in 
40 CFR 1039.665 must meet the Tier 1 certification emission standards 
for new nonroad CI engines in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix I while the 
AECD is activated during a qualified emergency situation. A qualified 
emergency situation is defined in 40 CFR 1039.665. When the qualified 
emergency situation has ended and the AECD is deactivated, the engine 
must resume meeting the otherwise applicable emission standard 
specified in this section.
0
16. Amend Sec.  60.4205 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4205  What emission standards must I meet for emergency 
engines if I am an owner or operator of a stationary CI internal 
combustion engine?

    (a) Owners and operators of pre-2007 model year emergency 
stationary CI ICE with a displacement of less than 10 liters per 
cylinder that are not fire pump engines must comply with the emission 
standards in Table 1 to subpart IIII. Owners and operators of pre-2007 
model year emergency stationary CI ICE with a displacement of greater 
than or equal to 10 liters per cylinder and less than 30 liters per 
cylinder that are not fire pump engines must comply with the Tier 1 
emission standards in 40 CFR part 1042, appendix I.
* * * * *
0
17. Amend Sec.  60.4210 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b), paragraph 
(c) introductory text, paragraphs (c)(3), (d), (i), and (j) and adding 
paragraph (k) to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4210  What are my compliance requirements if I am a stationary 
CI internal combustion engine manufacturer?

    (a) Stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify their stationary CI ICE with a displacement of less than 10 
liters per cylinder to the emission standards specified in Sec.  
60.4201(a) through (c) and Sec.  60.4202(a), (b) and (d) using the 
certification procedures required in 40 CFR part 1039, subpart C, and 
must test their engines as specified in 40 CFR part 1039. For the 
purposes of this subpart, engines certified to the standards in table 1 
to this subpart shall be subject to the same certification procedures 
required for engines certified to the Tier 1 standards in 40 CFR part 
1039, appendix I. For the purposes of this subpart, engines certified 
to the standards in table 4 to this subpart shall be subject to the 
same certification procedures required for engines certified to the 
Tier 1 standards in 40 CFR part 1039, appendix I, except that engines 
with NFPA nameplate power of less than 37 KW (50 HP) certified to model 
year 2011 or later standards shall be subject to the same requirements 
as engines certified to the standards in 40 CFR part 1039.
    (b) Stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify their stationary CI ICE with a displacement of greater than or 
equal to 10 liters per cylinder and less than 30 liters per cylinder to 
the emission standards specified in Sec.  60.4201(d) and (e) and Sec.  
60.4202(e) and (f) using the certification procedures required in 40 
CFR part 1042, subpart C, and must test their engines as specified in 
40 CFR part 1042.
    (c) Stationary CI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
meet the requirements of 40 CFR 1039.120, 1039.125, 1039.130, and 
1039.135, and 40 CFR part 1068 for engines that are certified to the 
emission standards in 40 CFR part 1039. Stationary CI internal 
combustion engine manufacturers must meet the corresponding provisions 
of 40 CFR part 1042 for engines that would be covered by that part if 
they were nonroad (including marine) engines. Labels on such engines 
must refer to stationary engines, rather than or in addition to nonroad 
or marine engines, as appropriate. Stationary CI internal combustion 
engine manufacturers must label their engines according to paragraphs 
(c)(1) through (3) of this section.
* * * * *
    (3) Stationary CI internal combustion engines manufactured after 
January 1, 2007 (for fire pump engines, after January 1 of the year 
listed in table 3 to this subpart, as applicable) must be labeled 
according to paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) Stationary CI internal combustion engines that meet the 
requirements of this subpart and the corresponding requirements for 
nonroad (including marine) engines of the same model year and HP must 
be labeled according to the provisions in 40 CFR part 1039 or 1042, as 
appropriate.
    (ii) Stationary CI internal combustion engines that meet the 
requirements of this subpart, but are not certified to the standards 
applicable to nonroad (including marine) engines of the same model year 
and HP must be labeled according to the provisions in 40 CFR part 1039 
or 1042, as appropriate, but the words ``stationary'' must be included 
instead of ``nonroad'' or ``marine'' on the label. In addition, such 
engines must be labeled according to 40 CFR 1039.20.
    (iii) Stationary CI internal combustion engines that do not meet 
the requirements of this subpart must be labeled according to 40 CFR 
1068.230 and must be exported under the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.230.
    (d) An engine manufacturer certifying an engine family or families 
to standards under this subpart that are identical to standards 
applicable under 40 CFR part 1039 or 1042 for that model year may 
certify any such family that contains both nonroad (including marine) 
and stationary engines as a single engine family and/or may include any 
such family containing stationary engines in the averaging, banking and 
trading provisions applicable for such engines under those parts.
* * * * *
    (i) The replacement engine provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240 are 
applicable to stationary CI engines replacing existing equipment that 
is less than 15 years old.
    (j) Stationary CI ICE manufacturers may equip their stationary CI 
internal combustion engines certified to the emission standards in 40 
CFR part 1039 with AECDs for qualified emergency situations according 
to the requirements of 40 CFR 1039.665. Manufacturers of stationary CI 
ICE equipped with AECDs as allowed by 40 CFR 1039.665 must meet all the 
requirements in 40 CFR 1039.665 that apply to manufacturers. 
Manufacturers must document that the engine complies with the Tier 1 
standard in 40 CFR part 1039, appendix I, when the AECD is activated. 
Manufacturers must provide any relevant testing, engineering analysis, 
or other information in sufficient detail to support such statement 
when applying for certification (including amending an existing 
certificate) of an engine equipped with an AECD as allowed by 40 CFR 
1039.665.
    (k) Manufacturers may certify their emergency stationary CI 
internal combustion engines under this section using assigned 
deterioration factors established by EPA.
0
18. Amend Sec.  60.4211 by revising paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(1) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  60.4211  What are my compliance requirements if I am an owner or 
operator of a stationary CI internal combustion engine?

    (a) * * *
    (3) Meet the requirements of 40 CFR part 1068, as they apply to 
you.
    (b) * * *

[[Page 28173]]

    (1) Purchasing an engine certified to emission standards for the 
same model year and maximum engine power as described in 40 CFR part 
1039 and part 1042, as applicable. The engine must be installed and 
configured according to the manufacturer's specifications.
* * * * *
0
19. Amend Sec.  60.4212 by revising paragraphs (a) and (c) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  60.4212  What test methods and other procedures must I use if I 
am an owner or operator of a stationary CI internal combustion engine 
with a displacement of less than 30 liters per cylinder?

* * * * *
    (a) The performance test must be conducted according to the in-use 
testing procedures in 40 CFR part 1039, subpart F, for stationary CI 
ICE with a displacement of less than 10 liters per cylinder, and 
according to 40 CFR part 1042, subpart F, for stationary CI ICE with a 
displacement of greater than or equal to 10 liters per cylinder and 
less than 30 liters per cylinder. Alternatively, stationary CI ICE that 
are complying with Tier 2 or Tier 3 emission standards as described in 
40 CFR part 1039, appendix I, or with Tier 2 emission standards as 
described in 40 CFR part 1042, Appendix I, may follow the testing 
procedures specified in Sec.  60.4213, as appropriate.
* * * * *
    (c) Exhaust emissions from stationary CI ICE subject to Tier 2 or 
Tier 3 emission standards as described in 40 CFR part 1039, appendix I, 
or Tier 2 emission standards as described in 40 CFR part 1042, Appendix 
I, must not exceed the NTE numerical requirements, rounded to the same 
number of decimal places as the applicable standard, determined from 
the following equation:
    NTE requirement for each pollutant = (1.25) x (STD) (Eq. 1)

Where:
STD = The standard specified for that pollutant in 40 CFR part 1039 
or part 1042, as applicable.

* * * * *
0
20. Amend Sec.  60.4216 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  60.4216  What requirements must I meet for engines used in 
Alaska?

* * * * *
    (b) Except as indicated in paragraph (c) of this section, 
manufacturers, owners and operators of stationary CI ICE with a 
displacement of less than 10 liters per cylinder located in remote 
areas of Alaska may meet the requirements of this subpart by 
manufacturing and installing engines meeting the Tier 2 or Tier 3 
emission standards described in 40 CFR part 1042 for the same model 
year, displacement, and maximum engine power, as appropriate, rather 
than the otherwise applicable requirements of 40 CFR part 1039, as 
indicated in Sec. Sec.  60.4201(f) and 60.4202(g).
    (c) Manufacturers, owners, and operators of stationary CI ICE that 
are located in remote areas of Alaska may choose to meet the applicable 
emission standards for emergency engines in Sec. Sec.  60.4202 and 
60.4205, and not those for non-emergency engines in Sec. Sec.  60.4201 
and 60.4204, except that for 2014 model year and later nonemergency CI 
ICE, the owner or operator of any such engine must have that engine 
certified as meeting at least the Tier 3 p.m. standards identified in 
appendix I of 40 CFR part 1039 or in 40 CFR 1042.101.
* * * * *
0
21. Amend Sec.  60.4219 by revising the definition for ``Certified 
emissions life'' to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4219  What definitions apply to this subpart?

* * * * *
    Certified emissions life means the period during which the engine 
is designed to properly function in terms of reliability and fuel 
consumption, without being remanufactured, specified as a number of 
hours of operation or calendar years, whichever comes first. The values 
for certified emissions life for stationary CI ICE with a displacement 
of less than 10 liters per cylinder are given in 40 CFR 1039.101(g). 
The values for certified emissions life for stationary CI ICE with a 
displacement of greater than or equal to 10 liters per cylinder and 
less than 30 liters per cylinder are given in 40 CFR 1042.101(e).
* * * * *

Subpart JJJJ--Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark 
Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

0
22. Amend Sec.  60.4230 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4230  Am I subject to this subpart?

* * * * *
    (e) Stationary SI ICE may be eligible for exemption from the 
requirements of this subpart as described in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart 
C (or the exemptions described in 40 CFR parts 1048 and 1054, for 
engines that would need to be certified to standards in those parts), 
except that owners and operators, as well as manufacturers, may be 
eligible to request an exemption for national security.
* * * * *
0
23. Amend Sec.  60.4231 by revising paragraphs (a) through (d) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  60.4231  What emission standards must I meet if I am a 
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment 
containing such engines?

    (a) Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power less than 
or equal to 19 KW (25 HP) manufactured on or after July 1, 2008 to the 
certification emission standards and other requirements for new nonroad 
SI engines in 40 CFR part 1054, as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        the engine must
                                                      meet the following
                                                          nonhandheld
                                   and manufacturing  emission standards
 If engine displacement is * * *    dates are * * *    identified in 40
                                                       CFR part 1054 and
                                                            related
                                                         requirements:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) below 225 cc................  July 1, 2008 to     Phase 2.
                                   December 31, 2011.
(2) below 225 cc................  January 1, 2012 or  Phase 3.
                                   later.
(3) at or above 225 cc..........  July 1, 2008 to     Phase 2.
                                   December 31, 2010.
(4) at or above 225 cc..........  January 1, 2011 or  Phase 3.
                                   later.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater 
than 19 KW (25 HP) (except emergency stationary ICE with a maximum 
engine power greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP) that use gasoline 
and that are manufactured on or after the applicable date in Sec.  
60.4230(a)(2), or manufactured on or after the applicable date in Sec.  
60.4230(a)(4) for emergency stationary ICE with a maximum engine power 
greater than or equal to 130 HP, to the certification emission 
standards and

[[Page 28174]]

other requirements for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 1048. 
Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers must certify 
their emergency stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater 
than 25 HP and less than 130 HP that use gasoline and that are 
manufactured on or after the applicable date in Sec.  60.4230(a)(4) to 
the Phase 1 emission standards in 40 CFR part 1054, Appendix I, 
applicable to class II engines, and other requirements for new nonroad 
SI engines in 40 CFR part 1054. Stationary SI internal combustion 
engine manufacturers may certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum 
engine power less than or equal to 30 KW (40 HP) with a total 
displacement less than or equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (cc) that 
use gasoline to the certification emission standards and other 
requirements as appropriate for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 
1054.
    (c) Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater 
than 19 KW (25 HP) (except emergency stationary ICE with a maximum 
engine power greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP) that are rich 
burn engines that use LPG and that are manufactured on or after the 
applicable date in Sec.  60.4230(a)(2), or manufactured on or after the 
applicable date in Sec.  60.4230(a)(4) for emergency stationary ICE 
with a maximum engine power greater than or equal to 130 HP, to the 
certification emission standards and other requirements for new nonroad 
SI engines in 40 CFR part 1048. Stationary SI internal combustion 
engine manufacturers must certify their emergency stationary SI ICE 
greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP that are rich burn engines that 
use LPG and that are manufactured on or after the applicable date in 
Sec.  60.4230(a)(4) to the Phase 1 emission standards in 40 CFR part 
1054, appendix I, applicable to class II engines, and other 
requirements for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 1054. Stationary 
SI internal combustion engine manufacturers may certify their 
stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power less than or equal to 30 
KW (40 HP) with a total displacement less than or equal to 1,000 cc 
that are rich burn engines that use LPG to the certification emission 
standards and other requirements as appropriate for new nonroad SI 
engines in 40 CFR part 1054.
    (d) Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers who 
choose to certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power 
greater than 19 KW (25 HP) and less than 75 KW (100 HP) (except 
gasoline and rich burn engines that use LPG and emergency stationary 
ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 25 HP and less than 130 
HP) under the voluntary manufacturer certification program described in 
this subpart must certify those engines to the certification emission 
standards for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 1048. Stationary SI 
internal combustion engine manufacturers who choose to certify their 
emergency stationary SI ICE greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP 
(except gasoline and rich burn engines that use LPG), must certify 
those engines to the Phase 1 emission standards in 40 CFR part 1054, 
Appendix I, applicable to class II engines, for new nonroad SI engines 
in 40 CFR part 1054. Stationary SI internal combustion engine 
manufacturers may certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine 
power less than or equal to 30 KW (40 HP) with a total displacement 
less than or equal to 1,000 cc (except gasoline and rich burn engines 
that use LPG) to the certification emission standards and other 
requirements as appropriate for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 
1054. For stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power greater than 19 
KW (25 HP) and less than 75 KW (100 HP) (except gasoline and rich burn 
engines that use LPG and emergency stationary ICE with a maximum engine 
power greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP) manufactured prior to 
January 1, 2011, manufacturers may choose to certify these engines to 
the standards in Table 1 to this subpart applicable to engines with a 
maximum engine power greater than or equal to 100 HP and less than 500 
HP.
* * * * *
0
24. Revise Sec.  60.4238 to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4238  What are my compliance requirements if I am a 
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines <=19 KW (25 
HP) or a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines?

    Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers who are 
subject to the emission standards specified in Sec.  60.4231(a) must 
certify their stationary SI ICE using the certification and testing 
procedures required in 40 CFR part 1054, subparts C and F. 
Manufacturers of equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion 
engines meeting the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 must meet the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, to the extent they apply to 
equipment manufacturers.
0
25. Revise Sec.  60.4239 to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4239  What are my compliance requirements if I am a 
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 
HP) that use gasoline or a manufacturer of equipment containing such 
engines?

    Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers who are 
subject to the emission standards specified in Sec.  60.4231(b) must 
certify their stationary SI ICE using the certification procedures 
required in 40 CFR part 1048, subpart C, and must test their engines as 
specified in that part. Stationary SI internal combustion engine 
manufacturers who certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine 
power less than or equal to 30 KW (40 HP) with a total displacement 
less than or equal to 1,000 cc to the certification emission standards 
and other requirements for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 1054, 
and manufacturers of stationary SI emergency engines that are greater 
than 25 HP and less than 130 HP who meet the Phase 1 emission standards 
in 40 CFR part 1054, appendix I, applicable to class II engines, must 
certify their stationary SI ICE using the certification and testing 
procedures required in 40 CFR part 1054, subparts C and F. 
Manufacturers of equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion 
engines meeting the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 must meet the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, to the extent they apply to 
equipment manufacturers.
0
26. Revise Sec.  60.4240 to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4240  What are my compliance requirements if I am a 
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines >19 KW (25 
HP) that are rich burn engines that use LPG or a manufacturer of 
equipment containing such engines?

    Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers who are 
subject to the emission standards specified in Sec.  60.4231(c) must 
certify their stationary SI ICE using the certification procedures 
required in 40 CFR part 1048, subpart C, and must test their engines as 
specified in that part. Stationary SI internal combustion engine 
manufacturers who certify their stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine 
power less than or equal to 30 KW (40 HP) with a total displacement 
less than or equal to 1,000 cc to the certification emission standards 
and other requirements for new nonroad SI engines in 40 CFR part 1054, 
and manufacturers of stationary SI emergency engines that are greater 
than 25 HP and less than 130 HP who meet the Phase 1 emission standards 
in 40 CFR part 1054, appendix I, applicable to class II engines, must 
certify their stationary SI ICE using the certification

[[Page 28175]]

and testing procedures required in 40 CFR part 1054, subparts C and F. 
Manufacturers of equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion 
engines meeting the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 must meet the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, to the extent they apply to 
equipment manufacturers.
0
27. Amend Sec.  60.4241 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  60.4241  What are my compliance requirements if I am a 
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines participating 
in the voluntary certification program or a manufacturer of equipment 
containing such engines?

    (a) Manufacturers of stationary SI internal combustion engines with 
a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25 HP) that do not use 
gasoline and are not rich burn engines that use LPG can choose to 
certify their engines to the emission standards in Sec.  60.4231(d) or 
(e), as applicable, under the voluntary certification program described 
in this subpart. Manufacturers who certify their engines under the 
voluntary certification program must meet the requirements as specified 
in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section. In addition, 
manufacturers of stationary SI internal combustion engines who choose 
to certify their engines under the voluntary certification program, 
must also meet the requirements as specified in Sec.  60.4247. 
Manufacturers of stationary SI internal combustion engines who choose 
not to certify their engines under this section must notify the 
ultimate purchaser that testing requirements apply as described in 
Sec.  60.4243(b)(2); manufacturers must keep a copy of this 
notification for five years after shipping each engine and make those 
documents available to EPA upon request.
    (b) Manufacturers of engines other than those certified to 
standards in 40 CFR part 1054 must certify their stationary SI ICE 
using the certification procedures required in 40 CFR part 1048, 
subpart C, and must follow the same test procedures that apply to large 
SI nonroad engines under 40 CFR part 1048, but must use the D-1 cycle 
of International Organization of Standardization 8178-4: 1996(E) 
(incorporated by reference, see 40 CFR 60.17) or the test cycle 
requirements specified in Table 3 to 40 CFR 1048.505, except that Table 
3 of 40 CFR 1048.505 applies to high load engines only. Manufacturers 
may certify their stationary emergency engines at or above 130 hp using 
assigned deterioration factors established by EPA. Stationary SI 
internal combustion engine manufacturers who certify their stationary 
SI ICE with a maximum engine power less than or equal to 30 KW (40 HP) 
with a total displacement less than or equal to 1,000 cc to the 
certification emission standards and other requirements for new nonroad 
SI engines in 40 CFR part 1054, and manufacturers of emergency engines 
that are greater than 25 HP and less than 130 HP who meet the Phase 1 
standards in 40 CFR part 1054, appendix I, applicable to class II 
engines, must certify their stationary SI ICE using the certification 
and testing procedures required in 40 CFR part 1054, subparts C and F. 
Manufacturers of equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion 
engines meeting the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 must meet the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, to the extent they apply to 
equipment manufacturers.
* * * * *
0
28. Revise Sec.  60.4242 to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4242  What other requirements must I meet if I am a 
manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or equipment 
containing stationary SI internal combustion engines or a manufacturer 
of equipment containing such engines?

    (a) Stationary SI internal combustion engine manufacturers must 
meet the provisions of 40 CFR parts 1048, 1054, and 1068, as 
applicable, except that engines certified pursuant to the voluntary 
certification procedures in Sec.  60.4241 are subject only to the 
provisions indicated in Sec.  60.4247 and are permitted to provide 
instructions to owners and operators allowing for deviations from 
certified configurations, if such deviations are consistent with the 
provisions of paragraphs Sec.  60.4241(c) through (f). Manufacturers of 
equipment containing stationary SI internal combustion engines meeting 
the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 must meet the provisions of 40 CFR 
part 1060, as applicable. Labels on engines certified to 40 CFR part 
1048 must refer to stationary engines, rather than or in addition to 
nonroad engines, as appropriate.
    (b) An engine manufacturer certifying an engine family or families 
to standards under this subpart that are identical to standards 
identified in 40 CFR part 1048 or 1054 for that model year may certify 
any such family that contains both nonroad and stationary engines as a 
single engine family and/or may include any such family containing 
stationary engines in the averaging, banking and trading provisions 
applicable for such engines under those parts. This provision also 
applies to equipment or component manufacturers certifying to standards 
under 40 CFR part 1060.
    (c) Manufacturers of engine families certified to 40 CFR part 1048 
may meet the labeling requirements referred to in paragraph (a) of this 
section for stationary SI ICE by either adding a separate label 
containing the information required in paragraph (a) of this section or 
by adding the words ``and stationary'' after the word ``nonroad'' to 
the label.
    (d) For all engines manufactured on or after January 1, 2011, and 
for all engines with a maximum engine power greater than 25 HP and less 
than 130 HP manufactured on or after July 1, 2008, a stationary SI 
engine manufacturer that certifies an engine family solely to the 
standards applicable to emergency engines must add a permanent label 
stating that the engines in that family are for emergency use only. The 
label must be added according to the labeling requirements specified in 
40 CFR 1048.135(b).
    (e) All stationary SI engines subject to mandatory certification 
that do not meet the requirements of this subpart must be labeled and 
exported according to 40 CFR 1068.230. Manufacturers of stationary 
engines with a maximum engine power greater than 25 HP that are not 
certified to standards and other requirements under 40 CFR part 1048 
are subject to the labeling provisions of 40 CFR 1048.20 pertaining to 
excluded stationary engines.
    (f) For manufacturers of gaseous-fueled stationary engines required 
to meet the warranty provisions in 1054.120, we may establish an hour-
based warranty period equal to at least the certified emissions life of 
the engines (in engine operating hours) if we determine that these 
engines are likely to operate for a number of hours greater than the 
applicable useful life within 24 months. We will not approve an 
alternate warranty under this paragraph (f) for nonroad engines. An 
alternate warranty period approved under this paragraph (f) will be the 
specified number of engine operating hours or two years, whichever 
comes first. The engine manufacturer shall request this alternate 
warranty period in its application for certification or in an earlier 
submission. We may approve an alternate warranty period for an engine 
family subject to the following conditions:
    (1) The engines must be equipped with non-resettable hour meters.
    (2) The engines must be designed to operate for a number of hours 
substantially greater than the applicable certified emissions life.

[[Page 28176]]

    (3) The emission-related warranty for the engines may not be 
shorter than any published warranty offered by the manufacturer without 
charge for the engines. Similarly, the emission-related warranty for 
any component shall not be shorter than any published warranty offered 
by the manufacturer without charge for that component.
0
29. Amend Sec.  60.4243 by revising paragraph (f) to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4243  What are my compliance requirements if I am an owner or 
operator of a stationary SI internal combustion engine?

* * * * *
    (f) If you are an owner or operator of a stationary SI internal 
combustion engine that is less than or equal to 500 HP and you purchase 
a non-certified engine or you do not operate and maintain your 
certified stationary SI internal combustion engine and control device 
according to the manufacturer's written emission-related instructions, 
you are required to perform initial performance testing as indicated in 
this section, but you are not required to conduct subsequent 
performance testing unless the stationary engine is rebuilt or 
undergoes major repair or maintenance. A rebuilt stationary SI ICE 
means an engine that has been rebuilt as that term is defined in 40 CFR 
1068.120(b).
* * * * *
0
30. Amend Sec.  60.4245 by revising paragraph (a)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  60.4245  What are my notification, reporting, and recordkeeping 
requirements if I am an owner or operator of a stationary SI internal 
combustion engine?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (3) If the stationary SI internal combustion engine is a certified 
engine, documentation from the manufacturer that the engine is 
certified to meet the emission standards and information as required in 
40 CFR parts 1048, 1054, and 1060, as applicable.
* * * * *
0
31. Amend Sec.  60.4247 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4247  What parts of the mobile source provisions apply to me 
if I am a manufacturer of stationary SI internal combustion engines or 
a manufacturer of equipment containing such engines?

    (a) Manufacturers certifying to emission standards in 40 CFR part 
1054 must meet the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054. Note that 40 CFR 
part 1054, Appendix I, describes various provisions that do not apply 
for engines meeting Phase 1 standards. Manufacturers of equipment 
containing stationary SI internal combustion engines meeting the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1054 must meet the provisions of 40 CFR part 
1060 to the extent they apply to equipment manufacturers.
* * * * *
0
32. Amend Sec.  60.4248 by revising the definition for ``Certified 
emissions life'' and ``Certified stationary internal combustion 
engine'' to read as follows:

Sec.  60.4248  What definitions apply to this subpart?

* * * * *
    Certified emissions life means the period during which the engine 
is designed to properly function in terms of reliability and fuel 
consumption, without being remanufactured, specified as a number of 
hours of operation or calendar years, whichever comes first. The values 
for certified emissions life for stationary SI ICE with a maximum 
engine power less than or equal to 19 KW (25 HP) are given in 40 CFR 
1054.107 and 40 CFR 1060.101, as appropriate. The values for certified 
emissions life for stationary SI ICE with a maximum engine power 
greater than 19 KW (25 HP) certified to 40 CFR part 1048 are given in 
40 CFR 1048.101(g). The certified emissions life for stationary SI ICE 
with a maximum engine power greater than 75 KW (100 HP) certified under 
the voluntary manufacturer certification program of this subpart is 
5,000 hours or 7 years, whichever comes first. You may request in your 
application for certification that we approve a shorter certified 
emissions life for an engine family. We may approve a shorter certified 
emissions life, in hours of engine operation but not in years, if we 
determine that these engines will rarely operate longer than the 
shorter certified emissions life. If engines identical to those in the 
engine family have already been produced and are in use, your 
demonstration must include documentation from such in-use engines. In 
other cases, your demonstration must include an engineering analysis of 
information equivalent to such in-use data, such as data from research 
engines or similar engine models that are already in production. Your 
demonstration must also include any overhaul interval that you 
recommend, any mechanical warranty that you offer for the engine or its 
components, and any relevant customer design specifications. Your 
demonstration may include any other relevant information. The certified 
emissions life value may not be shorter than any of the following:
    (1) 1,000 hours of operation.
    (2) Your recommended overhaul interval.
    (3) Your mechanical warranty for the engine.
    Certified stationary internal combustion engine means an engine 
that belongs to an engine family that has a certificate of conformity 
that complies with the emission standards and requirements in this 
part, or of 40 CFR part 1048 or 40 CFR part 1054, as appropriate.
* * * * *

PART 85--CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES

0
33. The authority citation for part 85 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart O--[Removed and Reserved]

0
34. Remove and reserve Subpart O, consisting of Sec. Sec.  85.1401 
through 85.1415
0
35. Amend Sec.  85.1501 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  85.1501  Applicability.

    (a) Except where otherwise indicated, this subpart is applicable to 
motor vehicles offered for importation or imported into the United 
States for which the Administrator has promulgated regulations under 40 
CFR part 86, subpart S, prescribing emission standards, but which are 
not covered by certificates of conformity issued under section 206(a) 
of the Clean Air Act (i.e., which are nonconforming vehicles as defined 
below), as amended, and part 86 at the time of conditional importation. 
Compliance with regulations under this subpart shall not relieve any 
person or entity from compliance with other applicable provisions of 
the Clean Air Act. This subpart no longer applies for heavy-duty 
engines certified under 40 CFR part 86, subpart A; references in this 
subpart to ``engines'' therefore do not apply.
* * * * *
0
36. Amend Sec.  85.1511 by adding introductory text and paragraph 
(b)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  85.1511  Exemptions and exclusions.

    The exemption provisions of 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, apply 
instead of the provisions of this section for heavy-duty motor vehicles 
and heavy-duty motor vehicle engines regulated under 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart A, 40 CFR part 1036, and 40 CFR part 1037. The following 
provisions apply for other motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines:
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) Export exemption. Vehicles may qualify for a temporary 
exemption

[[Page 28177]]

under the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.325(d).
* * * * *
0
37. Revise Sec.  85.1514 to read as follows:

Sec.  85.1514  Treatment of confidential information.

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider 
confidential.
0
38. Amend Sec.  85.1701 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  85.1701  General applicability.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Beginning January 1, 2014, the exemption provisions of 40 CFR 
part 1068, subpart C, apply instead of the provisions of this subpart 
for heavy-duty motor vehicle engines regulated under 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart A, except that the nonroad competition exemption of 40 CFR 
1068.235 and the nonroad hardship exemption provisions of 40 CFR 
1068.245, 1068.250, and 1068.255 do not apply for motor vehicle 
engines. Note that the provisions for emergency vehicle field 
modifications in Sec.  85.1716 continue to apply for heavy-duty 
engines.
* * * * *
0
39. Revise Sec.  85.1712 to read as follows:

Sec.  85.1712  Treatment of confidential information.

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider 
confidential.
0
40. Revise Sec.  85.1801 to read as follows:

Sec.  85.1801  Applicability and definitions.

    (a) The recall provisions of 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, apply 
instead of the provisions of this subpart for heavy-duty motor vehicles 
and heavy-duty motor vehicle engines regulated under 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart A, 40 CFR part 1036, and 40 CFR part 1037. The provisions of 
this subpart S apply for other motor vehicles and motor vehicle 
engines.
    (b) For the purposes of this subpart, except as otherwise provided, 
words shall be defined as provided for by sections 214 and 302 of the 
Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857, as amended.
    (1) Act shall mean the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857, as amended.
    (2) Days shall mean calendar days.
0
41. Revise Sec.  85.1807 to read as follows:

Sec.  85.1807  Public hearings.

    Manufacturers may request a hearing as described in 40 CFR part 
1068, subpart G.
0
42. Revise Sec.  85.1808 to read as follows:

 Sec.  85.1808  Treatment of confidential information.

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider 
confidential.
0
43. Amend Sec.  85.1902 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  85.1902  Definitions.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) A defect in the design, materials, or workmanship in one or 
more emission-related parts, components, systems, software or elements 
of design which must function properly to ensure continued compliance 
with greenhouse gas emission standards.
* * * * *
0
44. Amend Sec.  85.2102 revising paragraph (a)(18) and by adding and 
reserving paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  85.2102  Definitions.

    (a) * * *
    (18) MOD Director has the meaning given for ``Designated Compliance 
Officer'' in 40 CFR 1068.30.
    (b) [Reserved].
0
45. Amend Sec.  85.2115 by revising paragraph (a)(4) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  85.2115  Notification of intent to certify.

    (a) * * *
    (4) Two complete and identical copies of the notification and any 
subsequent industry comments on any such notification shall be 
submitted by the aftermarket manufacturer to: MOD Director.
* * * * *
0
46. Revise Sec.  85.2301 to read as follows:

Sec.  85.2301  Applicability.

    The definitions provided by this subpart are effective February 23, 
1995 and apply to all motor vehicles regulated under 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart S, and to highway motorcycles regulated under 40 CFR part 86, 
subparts E and F. The definitions and related provisions in 40 CFR part 
1036, 40 CFR part 1037, and 40 CFR part 1068 apply instead of the 
provisions in this subpart for heavy-duty motor vehicles and heavy-duty 
motor vehicle engines regulated under 40 CFR part 86, subpart A, 40 CFR 
part 1036, and 40 CFR part 1037.

PART 86--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES 
AND ENGINES

0
47. The authority statement for part 86 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
48. Section 86.1 is amended by:
0
a. Revising the last sentence of paragraph (a);
0
b. Redesignating paragraphs (b)(19) through (21) as paragraphs (b)(21) 
through (23); and
0
c. Adding new paragraphs (b)(19) and (20).
    The revision and additions read as follows:
    (a) * * *. For information on the availability of this material at 
NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov, or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (19) ASTM D5769-15, Standard Test Method for Determination of 
Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas 
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, approved December 1, 2015 
(``ASTM5769''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  86.113-04(a), 86.213(a), 
and 86.513(a).
    (20) ASTM D6550-15, Standard Test Method for Determination of 
Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography, 
approved December 1, 2015 (``ASTM D6550''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
86.113-04(a), 86.213(a), and 86.513(a).
* * * * *
0
49. Section 86.004-15 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  86.004-15   NOX plus NMHC and particulate averaging, trading, and 
banking for heavy-duty engines.

    (a)(1) Heavy-duty engines eligible for NOX plus NMHC and 
particulate averaging, trading and banking programs are described in 
the applicable emission standards sections in this subpart. For 
manufacturers not selecting Options 1 or 2 contained in Sec.  86.005-
10(f), the ABT program requirements contained in Sec.  86.000-15 apply 
for 2004 model year Otto-cycle engines, rather than the provisions 
contained in this Sec.  86.004-15. Participation in these programs is 
voluntary.
* * * * *
0
50. Section 86.010-18 is amended by--
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a)(5), (g)(2)(ii)(B), and (g)(2)(iii)(C).
0
b. Adding paragraph (g)(2)(iii)(D).
0
c. Removing and reserving paragraph (l)(2)(ii).
0
d. Revising paragraph (l)(2)(iii) and (m)(3).
0
e. Adding paragraph (m)(4).
0
f. Revising paragraphs (p)(3) and (p)(4).

[[Page 28178]]

    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  86.010-18  On-board Diagnostics for engines used in applications 
greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    (a) * * *
    (5) Engines families that we determine conform to the requirements 
of this paragraph (a)(5) are deemed to comply with the requirements of 
this section, irrespective of complete conformance with the provisions 
of paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section.
    (i) A manufacturer may demonstrate how the OBD system they have 
designed to comply with California OBD requirements for engines used in 
applications greater than 14,000 pounds also complies with the intent 
of the provisions of paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section. To 
make use of this alternative, the manufacturer must demonstrate to the 
Administrator how the OBD system they intend to certify meets the 
intent behind all of the requirements of this section, where applicable 
(e.g., paragraph (h) of this section would not apply for a diesel 
fueled/CI engine). Furthermore, if making use of this alternative, the 
manufacturer must comply with the specific certification documentation 
requirements of paragraph (m)(3) of this section.
    (ii) A manufacturer may demonstrate how the OBD system of a new 
engine family is sufficiently equivalent to the OBD system of a 
previously certified engine family (including engine families 
previously certified under paragraph (a)(5)(i)) of this section to 
demonstrate that the new engine family complies with the intent of the 
provisions of paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section. To make use 
of this alternative, manufacturers must demonstrate to the 
Administrator how the OBD systems they intend to certify meet the 
intent behind all the requirements of this section, where applicable. 
For example, paragraph (h) of this section would not apply for a 
diesel-fueled engine. Furthermore, if making use of this alternative, 
the manufacturer must comply with the specific certification 
documentation requirements of paragraph (m)(4) of this section.
* * * * *
    (g)* * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (B) For model years 2013 and later, on engines equipped with 
sensors that can detect combustion or combustion quality (e.g., for use 
in engines with homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) control 
systems), the OBD system must detect a misfire malfunction when the 
percentage of misfire is 5 percent or greater.
    (iii) * * *
    (C) For model years 2013 through 2018, on engines equipped with 
sensors that can detect combustion or combustion quality, the OBD 
system must monitor continuously for engine misfire when positive 
torque is between 20 and 75 percent of peak torque, and engine speed is 
less than 75 percent of maximum engine speed. If a monitoring system 
cannot detect all misfire patterns under all required engine speed and 
load conditions, the manufacturer may request that the Administrator 
approve the monitoring system nonetheless. In evaluating the 
manufacturer's request, the Administrator will consider the following 
factors: The magnitude of the region(s) in which misfire detection is 
limited; the degree to which misfire detection is limited in the 
region(s) (i.e., the probability of detection of misfire events); the 
frequency with which said region(s) are expected to be encountered in-
use; the type of misfire patterns for which misfire detection is 
troublesome; and demonstration that the monitoring technology employed 
is not inherently incapable of detecting misfire under required 
conditions (i.e., compliance can be achieved on other engines). The 
evaluation will be based on the following misfire patterns: Equally 
spaced misfire occurring on randomly selected cylinders; single 
cylinder continuous misfire; and, paired cylinder (cylinders firing at 
the same crank angle) continuous misfire.
    (D) For 20 percent of 2019 model year, 50 percent of 2020 model, 
and 100 percent of 2021 model year diesel engines (percentage based on 
the manufacturer's projected sales volume of all diesel engines subject 
to this regulation) equipped with sensors that can detect combustion or 
combustion quality, the OBD system must monitor continuously for engine 
misfire under all positive torque engine speed conditions except within 
the following range: The engine operating region bound by the positive 
torque line (i.e., engine torque with transmission in neutral) and the 
two following points: Engine speed of 50 percent of maximum engine 
speed with the engine torque at the positive torque line, and 100 
percent of the maximum engine speed with the engine torque at 10 
percent of peak torque above the positive torque line. If a monitoring 
system cannot detect all misfire patterns under all required engine 
speed and load conditions, the manufacturer may request that the 
Administrator approve the monitoring system nonetheless. In evaluating 
the manufacturer's request, the Administrator will consider the 
following factors: The magnitude of the region(s) in which misfire 
detection is limited; the degree to which misfire detection is limited 
in the region(s) (i.e., the probability of detection of misfire 
events); the frequency with which said region(s) are expected to be 
encountered in-use; the type of misfire patterns for which misfire 
detection is troublesome; and demonstration that the monitoring 
technology employed is not inherently incapable of detecting misfire 
under required conditions (i.e., compliance can be achieved on other 
engines). The evaluation will be based on the following misfire 
patterns: Equally spaced misfire occurring on randomly selected 
cylinders; single cylinder continuous misfire; and, paired cylinder 
(cylinders firing at the same crank angle) continuous misfire.
* * * * *
    (l) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) For model years 2013 and later. (A) A manufacturer certifying 
one to five engine families in a given model year must provide 
emissions test data for a single test engine from one engine rating. A 
manufacturer certifying six to ten engine families in a given model 
year must provide emissions test data for a single test engine from two 
different engine ratings. A manufacturer certifying eleven or more 
engine families in a given model year must provide emissions test data 
for a single test engine from three different engine ratings. A 
manufacturer may forego submittal of test data for one or more of these 
test engines if data have been submitted previously for all of the 
engine ratings and/or if all requirements for certification carry-over 
from one model year to the next are satisfied, and/or if differences 
from previously submitted engines are not relevant to emissions or 
diagnostic demonstration (such as changes to supported data stream 
parameters or changes to monitors not associated with demonstrating or 
enabling demonstrated emission threshold diagnostics). For purposes of 
this paragraph (l)(2)(iii), you may ask to exclude special families 
(such as California variants) from your count of engine families.
* * * * *
    (m) * * *
    (3) In addition to the documentation required by paragraphs (m)(1) 
and (2) of this section, a manufacturer making use of paragraph 
(a)(5)(i) of this section must submit the following information with 
their application for certification:

[[Page 28179]]

    (i) A detailed description of how the OBD system meets the intent 
of this section.
    (ii) A detailed description of why the manufacturer has chosen not 
to design the OBD system to meet the requirements of this section and 
has instead designed the OBD system to meet the applicable California 
OBD requirements.
    (iii) A detailed description of any deficiencies granted by the 
California staff and any concerns raised by California staff. A copy of 
a California Executive Order alone will not be considered acceptable 
toward meeting this requirement. This description shall also include, 
to the extent feasible, a plan with timelines for resolving 
deficiencies and/or concerns.
    (4) In addition to the documentation required by paragraphs (m)(1) 
and (2) of this section, a manufacturer making use of paragraph 
(a)(5)(ii) of this section must submit the following information with 
their application for certification:
    (i) A detailed description of how the OBD system meets the intent 
of this section.
    (ii) A detailed description of changes made from the previously 
certified OBD system.
* * * * *
    (p) * * *
    (3) For model years 2016 through 2018. (i) On the engine ratings 
tested according to paragraph (l)(2)(iii) of this section, the 
certification emissions thresholds shall apply in-use.
    (ii) On the manufacturer's remaining engine ratings, separate in-
use emissions thresholds shall apply. These thresholds are determined 
by doubling the applicable thresholds as shown in Table 1 of paragraph 
(g) of this section and Table 2 of paragraph (h) of this section. The 
resultant thresholds apply only in-use and do not apply for 
certification or selective enforcement auditing.
    (iii) For monitors subject to meeting the minimum in-use monitor 
performance ratio of 0.100 in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, the 
OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant unless a representative 
sample indicates the in-use ratio is below 0.088 except for filtering 
performance monitors for PM filters (paragraph (g)(8)(ii)(A) of this 
section) and missing substrate monitors (paragraph (g)(8)(ii)(D) of 
this section) for which the OBD system shall not be considered 
noncompliant unless a representative sample indicates the in-use ratio 
is below 0.050.
    (iv) An OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant solely due 
to a failure or deterioration mode of a monitored component or system 
that could not have been reasonably foreseen to occur by the 
manufacturer.
    (4) For model years 2019 and later. (i) On all engine ratings, the 
certification emissions thresholds shall apply in-use.
    (ii) For monitors subject to meeting the minimum in-use monitor 
performance ratio of 0.100 in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, the 
OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant unless a representative 
sample indicates the in-use ratio is below 0.088.
    (iii) An OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant solely due 
to a failure or deterioration mode of a monitored component or system 
that the manufacturer could not have reasonably foreseen.
* * * * *
0
51. Section 86.113-04 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  86.113-04  Fuel specifications.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Gasoline meeting the following specifications, or substantially 
equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, must be used 
for exhaust and evaporative testing:

[[Page 28180]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.001

* * * * *
0
52. Section 86.129-00 is amended by revising paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(C) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  86.129-00  Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class 
determination.

* * * * *

[[Page 28181]]

    (f)(1) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (C) Regardless of other requirements in this section relating to 
the testing of HLDTs, for Tier 2 and Tier 3 HLDTs, the test weight 
basis for FTP and SFTP testing (both US06 and SC03), if applicable, is 
the vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds. For MDPVs certified to 
standards in bin 11 in Tables S04-1 and 2 in Sec.  86.1811-04, the test 
weight basis must be adjusted loaded vehicle weight (ALVW) as defined 
in this part.
* * * * *
0
53. Section 86.130-96 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.130-96  Test sequence; general requirements.

* * * * *
    (a)(1) Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles. The test sequence 
shown in Figure 1 of 40 CFR 1066.801 shows the steps encountered as the 
test vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described to 
determine conformity with the standards set forth. The full three- 
diurnal sequence depicted in Figure 1 of 40 CFR 1066.801 tests vehicles 
for all sources of evaporative emissions. The supplemental two-diurnal 
test sequence is designed to verify that vehicles sufficiently purge 
their evaporative canisters during the exhaust emission test. Sections 
86.132-96, 86.133-96 and 86.138-96 describe the separate specifications 
of the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence.
    (2) Gaseous-fueled vehicles. The test sequence shown in figure 
Figure 1 of 40 CFR 1066.801 shows the steps encountered as the test 
vehicle undergoes the procedures subsequently described to determine 
conformity with the standards set forth, with the exception that the 
fuel drain and fill and precondition canister steps are not required 
for gaseous-fueled vehicles. In addition, the supplemental two-diurnal 
test and the running loss test are not required.
* * * * *
0
54. Section 86.213 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.213  Fuel specifications.

    (a) * * *
    (2) You may use the test fuel specified in this paragraph (a)(2) 
for vehicles that are not yet subject to exhaust testing with an 
ethanol-blend test fuel under Sec.  86.113. Manufacturers may certify 
based on this fuel using carryover data until testing with the ethanol-
blend test fuel is required. The following specifications apply for 
gasoline test fuel without ethanol:

[[Page 28182]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.002

* * * * *

Sec.  86.401-97  [Removed]

0
55. Remove Sec.  86.401-97.
0
56. Amend Sec.  86.408-78 by adding paragraphs (c) and (d) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.408-78  General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe 
conditions.

* * * * *
    (c) If a new motorcycle is designed to require manual adjustment to 
compensate for changing altitude, the manufacturer must include the 
appropriate instructions in the application for certification. EPA will 
review the instructions to ensure that properly adjusted motorcycles 
will meet emission standards at both low altitude and high altitude.
    (d) An action to install parts, modify engines, or perform other 
adjustments to compensate for changing altitude is not prohibited under 
42 U.S.C. 7522 as long as it is done consistent with the manufacturer's 
instructions.

Sec.  86.413-78   [Removed]

0
57. Remove Sec.  86.413-78.
0
58. Amend Sec.  86.419-2006 by revising paragraph (b) introductory text 
to read as follows:

Sec.  86.419-2006  Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.

* * * * *
    (b) Motorcycles will be divided into classes and subclasses based 
on engine displacement.
* * * * *
0
59. Amend Sec.  86.427-78 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.427-78  Emission tests.

    (a)(1) Each test vehicle shall be driven with all emission control 
systems installed and operating for the following total test distances, 
or for such lesser distances as the Administrator may agree to as 
meeting the objectives of this procedure. (See Sec.  86.419 for class 
explanation.)

[[Page 28183]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Total test        Minimum test
                   Displacement class                         distance           distance      Minimum number of
                                                            (kilometers)       (kilometers)          tests
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I-A....................................................              6,000              2,500                  4
I-B....................................................              6,000              2,500                  4
II.....................................................              9,000              2,500                  4
III....................................................             15,000              3,500                  4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
0
60. Amend Sec.  86.435-78 by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.435-78  Extrapolated emission values.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) If the useful life emissions are at or below the standards, 
certification will be granted.
* * * * *
0
61. Amend Sec.  86.436-78 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.436-78  Additional service accumulation.

* * * * *
    (d) To qualify for certification:
    (1) The full life emission test results must be at or below the 
standards, and
    (2) The deterioration line must be below the standard at the 
minimum test distance and the useful life, or all points used to 
generate the line, must be at or below the standard.
* * * * *
0
62. Amend Sec.  86.513 by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(3) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  86.513  Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.

    (a) Gasoline. (1) Use gasoline meeting the following specifications 
for exhaust and evaporative emission testing:

[[Page 28184]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.003

* * * * *
    (3) Manufacturers may alternatively use ethanol-blended gasoline 
meeting the specifications described in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) for general 
testing without our advance approval. Manufacturers using the ethanol-
blended fuel for certifying a given engine family may also use it for 
any testing for that engine family under this part. If manufacturers 
use the ethanol-blended fuel for certifying a given engine family, EPA 
may use the ethanol-blended fuel or the neat gasoline test fuel 
specified in this section for that engine family. Manufacturers may 
also request to use fuels meeting alternate specifications as described 
in 40 CFR 1065.701(b).
* * * * *
0
63. Revise Sec.  86.531-78 to read as follows:

Sec.  86.531-78  Vehicle preparation.

    (a) The manufacturer shall provide additional fittings and 
adapters, as required by the Administrator, to accommodate a fuel drain 
at the lowest point possible in the tank(s) as installed on the 
vehicle, and to provide for exhaust sample collection.
    (b) Connect the motorcycle's exhaust system to the analyzer for all 
exhaust emission measurements. Seal the exhaust system as needed to 
ensure that any remaining leaks do not affect the demonstration that 
the motorcycle complies with standards. Sealing all known leaks is 
recommended.

[[Page 28185]]

0
64. Revise Sec.  86.1362 to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1362  Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle.

    (a) This section describes how to test engines under steady-state 
conditions. Perform ramped-modal testing as described in 40 CFR 
1036.505 and 40 CFR part 1065, except as specified in this section.
    (b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with 
the following ramped-modal duty cycle to determine whether it meets the 
applicable steady-state emission standards:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Engine testing                                     Powertrain testing
                              -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  CO2 weighting
           RMC mode                                                   Torque                            Road-grade coefficients \4\        (percent) \5\
                                Time in mode   Engine speed 1 2   (percent) 2 3    Vehicle speed  ---------------------------------------
                                  (seconds)                                         (mi/hr) \4\         a            b            c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state..............             170  Warm Idle.......  0..............  Warm Idle......            0            0            0               6
1b Transition................              20  Linear            Linear           Linear                5.6E-6      -4.6E-3      -9.1E+0  ..............
                                                Transition.       Transition.      Transition.
2a Steady-state..............             173  A...............  100............  53.38..........      -1.6E-6     691.3E-6       2.1E+0               9
2b Transition................              20  Linear            Linear           Linear                     0            0            0  ..............
                                                Transition.       Transition.      Transition.
3a Steady-state..............             219  B...............  50.............  65.00..........     -12.8E-6      10.2E-3      -1.6E+0              10
3b Transition................              20  B...............  Linear           65.00..........            0            0            0  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
4a Steady-state..............             217  B...............  75.............  65.00..........     -10.2E-6       7.8E-3    -268.9E-3              10
4b Transition................              20  Linear            Linear           Linear               -8.8E-6       6.7E-3       2.2E+0  ..............
                                                Transition.       Transition.      Transition.
5a Steady-state..............             103  A...............  50.............  53.38..........      -8.0E-6       6.2E-3    -623.0E-3              12
5b Transition................              20  A...............  Linear           53.38..........      -5.6E-6       4.4E-3      92.1E-3  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
6a Steady-state..............             100  A...............  75.............  53.38..........      -5.0E-6       3.5E-3     712.4E-3              12
6b Transition................              20  A...............  Linear           53.38..........      -6.9E-6       5.4E-3    -473.1E-3  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
7a Steady-state..............             103  A...............  25.............  53.38..........     -11.1E-6       8.8E-3      -2.0E+0              12
7b Transition................              20  Linear            Linear           Linear               -8.6E-6       6.9E-3      -3.1E+0  ..............
                                                Transition.       Transition.      Transition.
8a Steady-state..............             194  B...............  100............  65.00..........      -7.4E-6       5.5E-3     798.2E-3               9
8b Transition................              20  B...............  Linear           65.00..........     -13.2E-6      10.1E-3      -1.2E+0  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
9a Steady-state..............             218  B...............  25.............  65.00..........     -16.9E-6      13.6E-3      -3.2E+0               9
9b Transition................              20  Linear            Linear           Linear              -16.7E-6      13.6E-3      -5.2E+0  ..............
                                                Transition.       Transition.      Transition.
10a Steady-state.............             171  C...............  100............  77.80..........     -16.5E-6      13.1E-3      -1.3E+0               2
10b Transition...............              20  C...............  Linear           77.80..........     -18.5E-6      15.4E-3      -2.9E+0  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
11a Steady-state.............             102  C...............  25.............  77.80..........     -24.7E-6      20.2E-3      -5.0E+0               1
11b Transition...............              20  C...............  Linear           77.80..........     -22.1E-6      17.9E-3      -3.8E+0  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
12a Steady-state.............             100  C...............  75.............  77.80..........     -19.2E-6      15.5E-3      -2.5E+0               1
12b Transition...............              20  C...............  Linear           77.80..........     -20.4E-6      16.5E-3      -3.1E+0  ..............
                                                                  Transition.
13a Steady-state.............             102  C...............  50.............  77.80..........     -21.8E-6      17.7E-3      -3.7E+0               1
13b Transition...............              20  Linear            Linear           Linear              -11.8E-6       7.6E-3      17.6E+0  ..............
                                                Transition.       Transition.      Transition.
14 Steady-state..............             168  Warm Idle.......  0..............  Warm Idle......            0            0            0               6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Engine speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\2\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20 second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the settings
  of the current mode to the settings of the next mode.
\3\ The percent torque is relative to maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.
\4\ See 40 CFR 1036.505(c) for a description of powertrain testing with the ramped-modal cycle, including the equation that uses the road-grade
  coefficients.
\5\ Use the specified weighting factors to calculate composite emission results for CO2 as specified in 40 CFR 1036.501.

Subpart P--[Removed and Reserved]

0
65. Remove and reserve Subpart P.

Subpart Q--[Removed and Reserved]

0
66. Remove and reserve Subpart Q.
0
67. Amend Sec.  86.1803-01 by revising the definitions for ``Heavy-duty 
vehicle'' and ``Light-duty truck'' to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1803-01  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Heavy-duty vehicle means any complete or incomplete motor vehicle 
rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR. Heavy-duty vehicle also includes 
incomplete vehicles that have a curb weight above 6,000 pounds or a 
basic vehicle frontal area greater than 45 square feet. Note that MDPVs 
are heavy-duty vehicles that are in many cases subject to requirements 
that apply for light-duty trucks.
* * * * *
    Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle that is not a heavy-duty 
vehicle, but is:
    (1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property 
or is a derivation of such a vehicle; or
    (2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a 
capacity of more than 12 persons; or
    (3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-
highway operation and use.
* * * * *
0
68. Amend Sec.  86.1810-17 by adding paragraph (j) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1810-17  General requirements.

* * * * *
    (j) Small-volume manufacturers that modify a vehicle already 
certified by a different company may recertify that vehicle under this 
subpart S based on the vehicle supplier's compliance with fleet average 
standards for criteria exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions, as 
follows:
    (1) The recertifying manufacturer must certify the vehicle at bin 
levels and family emission limits that are the same as or more 
stringent than the corresponding bin levels and family emission limits 
for the vehicle supplier.
    (2) The recertifying manufacturer must meet all the standards and 
requirements described in this subpart S, except for the fleet average 
standards for criteria exhaust emissions and evaporative emissions.
    (3) The vehicle supplier must send the small-volume manufacturer a 
written statement accepting responsibility to include the subject 
vehicles in the vehicle supplier's fleet average calculations.
    (4) The small-volume manufacturer must describe in the application 
for certification how the two companies are working together to 
demonstrate compliance for the subject vehicles. The application must 
include the statement from the vehicle supplier described in paragraph 
(j)(3) of this section.
0
69. Amend Sec.  86.1811-17 by revising paragraph (b)(8)(iii)(C) to read 
as follows:

[[Page 28186]]

Sec.  86.1811-17  Exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles, 
light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (8) * * *
    (iii) * * *
    (C) Vehicles must comply with the Tier 2 SFTP emission standards 
for NMHC + NOX and CO for 4,000-mile testing that are 
specified in Sec.  86.1811-04(f)(1) if they are certified to 
transitional Bin 85 or Bin 110 standards, or if they are certified 
based on a fuel without ethanol, or if they are not certified to the 
Tier 3 PM standard. Note that these standards apply under this section 
for alternative fueled vehicles, for flexible fueled vehicles when 
operated on a fuel other than gasoline or diesel fuel, and for MDPVs, 
even though these vehicles were not subject to the SFTP standards in 
the Tier 2 program.
* * * * *
0
70. Amend Sec.  86.1813-17 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraph (a)(2)(i) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1813-17  Evaporative and refueling emission standards.

    Vehicles must meet evaporative and refueling emission standards as 
specified in this section. These emission standards apply for heavy 
duty vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR as specified in Sec.  86.1801. 
These emission standards apply for total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) 
measurements using the test procedures specified in subpart B of this 
part, as appropriate. Note that Sec.  86.1829 allows you to certify 
without testing in certain circumstances. These evaporative and 
refueling emission standards do not apply for electric vehicles, fuel 
cell vehicles, or diesel-fueled vehicles, except as specified in 
paragraph (b) of this section. Unless otherwise specified, MDPVs are 
subject to all the same provisions of this section that apply to LDT4.
    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) The emission standard for the sum of diurnal and hot soak 
measurements from the two-diurnal test sequence and the three-diurnal 
test sequence is based on a fleet average in a given model year. You 
must specify a family emission limit (FEL) for each evaporative family. 
The FEL serves as the emission standard for the evaporative family with 
respect to all required diurnal and hot soak testing. Calculate your 
fleet-average emission level as described in Sec.  86.1860 based on the 
FEL that applies for low-altitude testing to show that you meet the 
specified standard. For multi-fueled vehicles, calculate fleet-average 
emission levels based only on emission levels for testing with 
gasoline. You may generate emission credits for banking and trading and 
you may use banked or traded credits for demonstrating compliance with 
the diurnal plus hot soak emission standard for vehicles required to 
meet the Tier 3 standards, other than gaseous-fueled vehicles, as 
described in Sec.  86.1861 starting in model year 2017. You comply with 
the emission standard for a given model year if you have enough credits 
to show that your fleet-average emission level is at or below the 
applicable standard. You may exchange credits between or among 
evaporative families within an averaging set as described in Sec.  
86.1861. Separate diurnal plus hot soak emission standards apply for 
each evaporative/refueling emission family as shown for high-altitude 
conditions. The sum of diurnal and hot soak measurements may not exceed 
the following Tier 3 standards:
* * * * *
0
71. Amend Sec.  86.1817-05 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.1817-05  Complete heavy-duty vehicle averaging, trading, and 
banking program.

    (a) * * *
    (1) Complete heavy-duty vehicles eligible for the NOX 
averaging, trading and banking program are described in the applicable 
emission standards section of this subpart. Participation in this 
averaging, trading, and banking program is voluntary.
* * * * *
0
72. Amend Sec.  86.1818-12 by revising paragraph (d) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.1818-12  Greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty 
vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

* * * * *
    (d) In-use CO2 exhaust emission standards. The in-use 
CO2 exhaust emission standard shall be the combined city/
highway carbon-related exhaust emission value calculated for the 
appropriate vehicle carline/subconfiguration according to the 
provisions of Sec.  600.113-12(g)(4) of this chapter adjusted by the 
deterioration factor from Sec.  86.1823-08(m). Multiply the result by 
1.1 and round to the nearest whole gram per mile. For in-use vehicle 
carlines/subconfigurations for which a combined city/highway carbon-
related exhaust emission value was not determined under Sec.  600.113-
12(g)(4) of this chapter, the in-use CO2 exhaust emission 
standard shall be the combined city/highway carbon-related exhaust 
emission value calculated according to the provisions of Sec.  600.208 
of this chapter for the vehicle model type (except that total model 
year production data shall be used instead of sales projections) 
adjusted by the deterioration factor from Sec.  86.1823-08(m). Multiply 
the result by 1.1 and round to the nearest whole gram per mile. For 
vehicles that are capable of operating on multiple fuels, except plug-
in hybrid electric vehicles, a separate in-use standard shall be 
determined for each fuel that the vehicle is capable of operating on. 
These standards apply to in-use testing performed by the manufacturer 
pursuant to regulations at Sec. Sec.  86.1845 and 86.1846 and to in-use 
testing performed by EPA.
* * * * *
0
73. Amend Sec.  86.1838-01 by revising paragraph (c)(2)(iii) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  86.1838-01  Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) The provisions of Sec.  86.1845-04(c)(2) that require one 
vehicle of each test group during high mileage in-use verification 
testing to have a minimum odometer mileage of 75 percent of the full 
useful life mileage do not apply.
* * * * *
0
74. Amend Sec.  86.1868-12 by revising paragraph (g) introductory text 
and adding paragraph (g)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1868-12  CO2 credits for improving the efficiency of air 
conditioning systems.

* * * * *
    (g) AC17 validation testing and reporting requirements. For 2020 
and later model years, manufacturers must validate air conditioning 
credits by using the AC17 Test Procedure as follows:
* * * * *
    (5) AC17 testing requirements apply as follows for electric 
vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles:
    (i) Manufacturers may omit AC17 testing for electric vehicles. 
Electric vehicles may qualify for air conditioning efficiency credits 
based on identified technologies, without testing. The application for 
certification must include a detailed description of the vehicle's air 
conditioning system and identify any technology items eligible for air 
conditioning efficiency credits. Include additional supporting 
information to justify the air conditioning credit for each technology.
    (ii) The provisions of paragraph (g)(5)(i) of this section also 
apply for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles if they have an all electric 
range of at least 60 miles after adjustment to reflect actual

[[Page 28187]]

in-use driving conditions (see 40 CFR 600.311(j)), and they do not rely 
on the engine to cool the vehicle's cabin for the ambient and driving 
conditions represented by the AC17 test.
    (iii) If AC17 testing is required for plug-in hybrid electric 
vehicles, perform this testing in charge-sustaining mode.
* * * * *
0
75. Part 88 is revised to read as follows:

PART 88--CLEAN-FUEL VEHICLES

Sec.
88.1 General applicability.
88.2 through 88.3 [Reserved]

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7410, 7418, 7581, 7582, 7583, 7584, 7586, 
7588, 7589, 7601(a).

Sec.  88.1  General applicability.

    (a) The Clean Air Act includes provisions intended to promote the 
development and sale of clean-fuel vehicles (see 42 U.S.C. 7581-7589). 
This takes the form of credit incentives for State Implementation 
Plans. The specified clean-fuel vehicle standards to qualify for these 
credits are now uniformly less stringent than the emission standards 
that apply for new vehicles and new engines under 40 CFR part 86 and 
part 1036.
    (b) The following provisions apply for purposes of State 
Implementation Plans that continue to reference the Clean Fuel Fleet 
Program:
    (1) Vehicles and engines certified to current emission standards 
under 40 CFR part 86 or part 1036 are deemed to also meet the Clean 
Fuel Fleet standards as Ultra Low-Emission Vehicles.
    (2) Vehicles and engines meeting requirements as specified in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section with a fuel system designed to not 
vent fuel vapors to the atmosphere are also deemed to meet the Clean 
Fuel Fleet standards as Inherently Low-Emission Vehicles. The applies 
for vehicles using diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, or compressed 
natural gas. It does not apply for vehicles using gasoline, ethanol, 
methanol, or liquefied natural gas.
    (3) The following types of vehicles qualify as Zero Emission 
Vehicles:
    (i) Electric vehicles (see 40 CFR 86.1803).
    (ii) Any other vehicle with a fuel that contains no carbon or 
nitrogen compounds, that has no evaporative emissions, and that burns 
without forming oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, 
particulate matter, or hydrocarbon compounds. This applies equally for 
all engines installed on the vehicle.

Sec.  Sec.  88.2 through 88.3  [Reserved]

0
76. Part 89 is revised to read as follows:

PART 89--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD 
COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES

Sec.
89.1 Applicability.
89.2 through 89.3 [Reserved]

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Sec.  89.1  Applicability.

    The Environmental Protection Agency adopted emission standards for 
model year 1996 and later nonroad compression-ignition engines under 
this part 89. EPA has migrated regulatory requirements for these 
engines to 40 CFR part 1039, with additional testing and compliance 
provisions in 40 CFR part 1065 and part 1068. The Tier 1, Tier 2, and 
Tier 3 standards originally adopted in this part 89 are identified in 
40 CFR part 1039, Appendix I. See 40 CFR 1039.1 for information 
regarding the timing of the transition to 40 CFR part 1039, and for 
information regarding regulations that continue to apply for engines 
that manufacturers originally certified or otherwise produced under 
this part 89.

Sec.  Sec.  89.2 through 89.3   [Reserved]

0
77. Part 90 is revised to read as follows:

PART 90--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NONROAD SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES 
AT OR BELOW 19 KILOWATTS

Sec.
90.1 Applicability.
90.2 through 90.3 [Reserved]

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Sec.  90.1  Applicability.

    The Environmental Protection Agency adopted emission standards for 
model year 1997 and later nonroad spark-ignition engines below 19 kW 
under this part 90. EPA has migrated regulatory requirements for these 
engines to 40 CFR part 1054, with additional testing and compliance 
provisions in 40 CFR part 1065 and part 1068. The Phase 1 and Phase 2 
standards originally adopted in this part 90 are identified in 40 CFR 
part 1054, Appendix I. See 40 CFR 1054.1 for information regarding the 
timing of the transition to 40 CFR part 1054, and for information 
regarding regulations that continue to apply for engines that 
manufacturers originally certified or otherwise produced under this 
part 90.1

Sec.  Sec.  90.2 through 90.3  [Reserved]

0
78. Part 91 is revised to read as follows:

PART 91--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES

Sec.
91.1 Applicability.
91.2 through 91.3 [Reserved]

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Sec.  91.1  Applicability.

    The Environmental Protection Agency adopted emission standards for 
model year 1998 and later marine spark-ignition engines under this part 
91, except that the standards of this part did not apply to sterndrive/
inboard engines. EPA has migrated regulatory requirements for these 
engines to 40 CFR part 1045, with additional testing and compliance 
provisions in 40 CFR part 1065 and part 1068. The standards originally 
adopted in this part 91 are identified in 40 CFR part 1045, Appendix I. 
See 40 CFR 1045.1 for information regarding the timing of the 
transition to 40 CFR part 1045, and for information regarding 
regulations that continue to apply for engines that manufacturers 
originally certified or otherwise produced under this part 91.

Sec.  Sec.  91.2 through 91.3  [Reserved]

0
79. Part 92 is revised to read as follows:

PART 92--CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE 
ENGINES

Sec.
92.1 Applicability.
92.2 through 92.3 [Reserved]

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Sec.  92.1  Applicability.

    The Environmental Protection Agency first adopted emission 
standards for freshly manufactured and remanufactured locomotives under 
this part 92 in 1998. EPA has migrated regulatory requirements for 
these engines to 40 CFR part 1033, with additional testing and 
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1065 and part 1068. The Tier 0, 
Tier 1, and Tier 2 standards originally adopted in this part 92 are 
identified in 40 CFR part 1033, Appendix I. See 40 CFR 1033.1 for 
information regarding the timing of the transition to 40 CFR part 1033, 
and for information regarding regulations that continue to apply for 
engines that manufacturers originally certified or otherwise produced 
or remanufactured under this part 92. Emission standards

[[Page 28188]]

started to apply for locomotive and locomotive engines if they were--
    (a) Manufactured on or after January 1, 2000;
    (b) Manufactured on or after January 1, 1973 and remanufactured on 
or after January 1, 2000; or
    (c) Manufactured before January 1, 1973 and upgraded on or after 
January 1, 2000.

Sec.  Sec.  92.2 through 92.3  [Reserved]

0
80. Part 94 is revised to read as follows:

PART 94--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE COMPRESSION-IGNITION 
ENGINES

Sec.
94.1 Applicability.
94.2 through 94.3 [Reserved]

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Sec.  94.1  Applicability.

    The Environmental Protection Agency adopted emission standards for 
model year 2004 and later marine compression-ignition engines under 
this part 94. EPA has migrated regulatory requirements for these 
engines to 40 CFR part 1042, with additional testing and compliance 
provisions in 40 CFR part 1065 and part 1068. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 
standards originally adopted in this part 94 are identified in 40 CFR 
part 1042, Appendix I. See 40 CFR 1042.1 for information regarding the 
timing of the transition to 40 CFR part 1042, and for information 
regarding regulations that continue to apply for engines that 
manufacturers originally certified or otherwise produced under this 
part 94.

Sec.  Sec.  94.2 through 94.3  [Reserved]

PART 1027--FEES FOR VEHICLE AND ENGINE COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS

0
81. The authority statement for part 1027 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
82. The heading for part 1027 is revised to read as set forth above.
0
83. Amend Sec.  1027.101 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a); and
0
b. Removing and reserving paragraph (b).
    The revision reads as follows:

Sec.  1027.101  To whom do these requirements apply?

    (a) This part prescribes fees manufacturers must pay for activities 
related to EPA's motor vehicle and engine compliance program (MVECP). 
This includes activities related to approving certificates of 
conformity and performing tests and taking other steps to verify 
compliance with emission standards. You must pay fees as described in 
this part if you are a manufacturer of any of the following products:
    (1) Motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines we regulate under 40 
CFR part 86. This includes light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, 
medium-duty passenger vehicles, highway motorcycles, and heavy-duty 
highway engines and vehicles.
    (2) The following nonroad engines and equipment:
    (i) Locomotives and locomotive engines we regulate under 40 CFR 
part 1033.
    (ii) Nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR 
part 1039.
    (iii) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR 
part 1042 or 1043.
    (iv) Marine spark-ignition engines and vessels we regulate under 40 
CFR part 1045 or 1060. We refer to these as Marine SI engines.
    (v) Nonroad spark-ignition engines above 19 kW we regulate under 40 
CFR part 1048. We refer to these as Large SI engines.
    (vi) Recreational vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part 1051.
    (vii) Nonroad spark-ignition engines and equipment at or below 19 
kW we regulate under 40 CFR part 1054 or 1060. We refer to these as 
Small SI engines.
    (3) The following stationary internal combustion engines:
    (i) Stationary compression-ignition engines we certify under 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart IIII.
    (ii) Stationary spark-ignition engines we certify under 40 CFR part 
60, subpart JJJJ.
    (4) Portable fuel containers we regulate under 40 CFR part 59, 
subpart F.
* * * * *
0
84. Revise Sec.  1027.105 to read as follows:

Sec.  1027.105  How much are the fees?

    (a) Fees are determined based on the date we receive a complete 
application for certification. Each reference to a year in this subpart 
refers to the calendar year, unless otherwise specified. Paragraph (b) 
of this section specifies baseline fees that apply for certificates 
received in 2020. See paragraph (c) of this section for provisions 
describing how we calculate fees for 2021 and later years.
    (b) The following baseline fees apply for each application for 
certification:
    (1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section for 
Independent Commercial Importers, the following fees apply in 2020 for 
motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Category \a\               Certificate type          Fee
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Light-duty vehicles, light-     Federal.............         $27,347
 duty trucks, medium-duty
 passenger vehicle, and complete
 heavy-duty highway vehicles.
(ii) Light-duty vehicles, light-    California-only.....          14,700
 duty trucks, medium-duty
 passenger vehicle, and complete
 heavy-duty highway vehicles.
(iii) Heavy-duty highway engine...  Federal.............          56,299
(iv) Heavy-duty highway engine....  California-only.....             563
(v) Heavy-duty vehicle............  Evap................             563
(vi) Highway motorcycle, including  All.................           1,852
 Independent Commercial Importers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The specified categories include engines and vehicles that use all
  applicable fuels.

    (2) A fee of $87,860 applies in 2020 for Independent Commercial 
Importers with respect to the following motor vehicles:
    (i) Light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.
    (ii) Medium-duty passenger vehicles.
    (iii) Complete heavy-duty highway vehicles.
    (3) The following fees apply in 2020 for nonroad and stationary 
engines, vehicles, equipment, and components:

[[Page 28189]]

------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Category                 Certificate type          Fee
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Locomotives and locomotive      All.................            $563
 engines.
(ii) Marine compression-ignition    All, including EIAPP             563
 engines and stationary
 compression-ignition engines with
 per-cylinder displacement at or
 above 10 liters.
(iii) Other nonroad compression-    All.................           2,940
 ignition engines and stationary
 compression-ignition engines with
 per-cylinder displacement below
 10 liters.
(iv) Large SI engines and           All.................             563
 stationary spark-ignition engines
 above 19 kW.
(v) Marine SI engines. Small SI     Exhaust only........             563
 engines, and stationary spark-
 ignition engines at or below 19
 kW.
(vi) Recreational vehicles........  Exhaust (or combined             563
                                     exhaust and evap).
(vii) Equipment and fuel-system     Evap (where separate             397
 components associated with          certification is
 nonroad and stationary spark-       required).
 ignition engines, including
 portable fuel containers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) We will calculate adjusted fees for 2021 and later years based 
on changes in the Consumer Price Index and the number of certificates. 
We will announce adjusted fees for a given year by March 31 of the 
preceding year.
    (1) We will adjust the values specified in paragraph (b) of this 
section for years after 2020 as follows:
    (i) Use the following equation for certification related to 
evaporative emissions from nonroad and stationary engines when a 
separate fee applies for certification to evaporative emission 
standards:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.004

Where:

Certificate FeeCY = Fee per certificate for a given year.
Op = operating costs are all of EPA's nonlabor costs for each 
category's compliance program, including any fixed costs associated 
with EPA's testing laboratory, as described in paragraph (d)(1) of 
this section.
L = the labor costs, to be adjusted by the Consumer Price Index, as 
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
CPICY-2 = the Consumer Price Index for the month of 
November two years before the applicable calendar year, as described 
in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
CPI2006 = 201.8. This is based on the October 2006 value 
of the Consumer Price Index. as described in paragraph (d)(2) of 
this section.
OH = 1.169. This is based on EPA overhead, which is applied to all 
costs.
cert#MY-2 = the total number of certificates issued for a 
fee category in the model year two years before the calendar year 
for the applicable fees as described in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section.
cert#MY-3 = the total number of certificates issued for a 
fee category in the model year three years before the calendar year 
for the applicable fees as described in paragraph (d)(3) of this 
section.

    (ii) Use the following equation for all other certificates:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.005
    
Where:

CPI2002 = 180.9. This is based on the December 2002 value 
of the Consumer Price Index as described in paragraph (d)(2) of this 
section.

    (2) The fee for any year will remain at the previous year's amount 
until the value calculated in paragraph (c)(1) of this section differs 
by at least $50 from the amount specified for the previous year.
    (d) Except as specified in Sec.  1027.110(a) for motor vehicles and 
motor vehicle engines, we will use the following values to determine 
adjusted fees using the equation in paragraph (c) of this section:
    (1) The following values apply for operating costs and labor costs:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Engine or vehicle category               Op               L
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Light-duty, medium-duty passenger,        $3,322,039      $2,548,110
 and complete heavy-duty highway vehicle
 certification..........................
(ii) Light-duty, medium-duty passenger,        2,858,223       2,184,331
 and complete heavy-duty highway vehicle
 in-use testing.........................
(iii) Independent Commercial Importers           344,824         264,980
 identified in Sec.   1027.105(b)(2)....
(iv) Highway motorcycles................         225,726         172,829
(v) Heavy-duty highway engines..........       1,106,224       1,625,680
(vi) Nonroad compression-ignition                486,401         545,160
 engines that are not locomotive or
 marine engines, and stationary
 compression-ignition engines with per-
 cylinder displacement below 10 liters..
(vii) Evaporative certificates related             5,039         236,670
 to nonroad and stationary engines......
(viii) All other........................         177,425         548,081
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) The applicable Consumer Price Index is based on the values 
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for All Urban Consumers at 
https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/ under ``Inflation and Prices'' 
and ``Consumer Price Index Data from 1913 to. . . .''. For example, we 
calculated the 2006

[[Page 28190]]

fees using the Consumer Price Index for November 2004, which is 191.0.
    (3) Fee categories for counting the number of certificates issued 
are based on the grouping shown in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
0
85. Amend Sec.  1027.110 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1027.110  What special provisions apply for certification related 
to motor vehicles?

    (a) We will adjust fees for light-duty, medium-duty passenger, and 
complete heavy-duty highway vehicles as follows:
* * * * *
0
86. Amend Sec.  1027.125 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1027.125  Can I get a refund?

* * * * *
    (e) Send refund and correction requests online at www.Pay.gov, or 
as specified in our guidance.
* * * * *
0
87. Amend Sec.  1027.130 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1027.130  How do I make a fee payment?

    (a) Pay fees to the order of the Environmental Protection Agency in 
U.S. dollars using electronic funds transfer or any method available 
for payment online at www.Pay.gov, or as specified in EPA guidance.
    (b) Submit a completed fee filing form at www.Pay.gov.
* * * * *
0
88. Amend Sec.  1027.135 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1027.135  What provisions apply to a deficient filing?

* * * * *
    (b) We will hold a deficient filing along with any payment until we 
receive a completed form and full payment. If the filing remains 
deficient at the end of the model year, we will continue to hold any 
funds associated with the filing so you can make a timely request for a 
refund. We will not process an application for certification if the 
associated filing is deficient.
0
89. Revise Sec.  1027.155 to read as follows:

Sec.  1027.155  What abbreviations apply to this subpart?

    The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this 
part:

 
 
 
CFR..............................  Code of Federal Regulations.
CPI..............................  Consumer Price Index.
EPA..............................  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Evap.............................  Evaporative emissions.
EIAPP............................  Engine International Air Pollution
                                    Prevention (from MARPOL Annex VI).
ICI..............................  Independent Commercial Importer.
MVECP............................  Motor vehicle and engine compliance
                                    program.
MY...............................  Model year.
U.S..............................  United States.
 

PART 1033--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM LOCOMOTIVES

0
90. The authority citation for part 1033 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
91. Amend Sec.  1033.150 by--
0
a. Removing and reserving paragraphs (a) and (d).
0
b. Revising paragraph (e) introductory text.
0
c. Removing paragraphs (h) through (m).
    The revision reads as follows:

Sec.  1033.150  Interim provisions.

* * * * *
    (e) Producing switch locomotives using certified nonroad engines. 
You may use the provisions of this paragraph (e) to produce any number 
of freshly manufactured or refurbished switch locomotives in model 
years 2008 through 2017. Locomotives produced under this paragraph (e) 
are exempt from the standards and requirements of this part subject to 
the following provisions:
* * * * *
0
92. Amend Sec.  1033.225 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1033.225  Amending applications for certification.

* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For engine families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing a new or modified locomotive 
anytime after you send us your amended application, before we make a 
decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we determine 
that the affected locomotives do not meet applicable requirements, we 
will notify you to cease production of the locomotives and may require 
you to recall the locomotives at no expense to the owner. Choosing to 
produce locomotives under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be consent to 
recall all locomotives that we determine do not meet applicable 
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide 
information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days 
after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified 
locomotives.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
* * * * *
0
93. Revise Sec.  1033.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1033.255  EPA decisions.

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean Air 
Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family 
for that model year. We may make the approval subject to additional 
conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce locomotives for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all locomotives being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Clean Air Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes

[[Page 28191]]

submitted information to be false or incomplete.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1033.920).
0
94. Amend Sec.  1033.601 by revising paragraph (c)(4) and (5) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1033.601  General compliance provisions.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) The provisions for importing engines and equipment under the 
identical configuration exemption of 40 CFR 1068.315(h) do not apply 
for locomotives.
    (5) The provisions for importing engines and equipment under the 
ancient engine exemption of 40 CFR 1068.315(i) do not apply for 
locomotives.
* * * * *
0
95. Amend Sec.  1033.701 by revising paragraph (k)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1033.701  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (k) * * *
    (1) You may retire emission credits generated from any number of 
your locomotives. This may be considered donating emission credits to 
the environment. Identify any such credits in the reports described in 
Sec.  1033.730. Locomotives must comply with the applicable FELs even 
if you donate or sell the corresponding emission credits under this 
paragraph (k). Those credits may no longer be used by anyone to 
demonstrate compliance with any EPA emission standards.
* * * * *
0
96. Amend Sec.  1033.740 by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text; and
0
b. Removing and reserving paragraph (a).
    The revision reads as follows:

Sec.  1033.740  Credit restrictions.

    Use of emission credits generated under this part 1033 is 
restricted depending on the standards against which they were 
generated.
* * * * *
0
97. Amend Sec.  1033.901 by revising paragraph (1) if the definition of 
``New'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1033.901  Definitions.

* * * * *
    New, * * *
    (1) A locomotive or engine is new if its equitable or legal title 
has never been transferred to an ultimate purchaser. Where the 
equitable or legal title to a locomotive or engine is not transferred 
prior to its being placed into service, the locomotive or engine ceases 
to be new when it is placed into service. A locomotive or engine also 
becomes new if it is remanufactured or refurbished (as defined in this 
section). A remanufactured locomotive or engine ceases to be new when 
placed back into service. With respect to imported locomotives or 
locomotive engines, the term ``new locomotive'' or ``new locomotive 
engine'' also means a locomotive or locomotive engine that is not 
covered by a certificate of conformity under this part or 40 CFR part 
92 at the time of importation, and that was manufactured or 
remanufactured after January 1, 2000, which would have been applicable 
to such locomotive or engine had it been manufactured or remanufactured 
for importation into the United States. Note that replacing an engine 
in one locomotive with an unremanufactured used engine from a different 
locomotive does not make a locomotive new.
* * * * *
0
98. Amend Sec.  1033.925 by revising paragraph (e) introductory text to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1033.925  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

* * * * *
    (e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the 
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and 
recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations. The following 
items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for 
locomotives regulated under this part:
* * * * *

PART 1036--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY 
HIGHWAY ENGINES

0
99. The authority statement for part 1036 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
100. Amend Sec.  1036.1 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.1  Does this part apply for my engines?

* * * * *
    (b) This part does not apply with respect to exhaust emission 
standards for HC, CO, NOX, or PM except as follows:
    (1) The provisions of Sec.  1036.601 apply.
    (2) 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 may specify that certain provisions 
apply.
    (3) The provisions of Sec.  1036.501(h)(1) apply.
* * * * *
0
101. Amend Sec.  1036.108 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text 
and paragraph (a)(1) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.108  Greenhouse gas emission standards.

* * * * *
    (a) Emission standards. Emission standards apply for engines and 
powertrains measured using the test procedures specified in subpart F 
of this part as follows:
    (1) CO2 emission standards in this paragraph (a)(1) 
apply based on testing as specified in subpart F of this part. The 
applicable test cycle for measuring CO2 emissions differs 
depending on the engine family's primary intended service class and the 
extent to which the engines will be (or were designed to be) used in 
tractors. For medium and heavy heavy-duty engines certified as tractor 
engines, measure CO2 emissions using the steady-state duty 
cycle specified in Sec.  1036.501 (referred to as the ramped-modal 
cycle, or RMC, even though emission sampling involves measurements from 
discrete modes). This is intended for engines designed to be used 
primarily in tractors and other line-haul applications. Note that the 
use of some RMC-certified tractor engines in vocational applications 
does not affect your certification obligation under this paragraph 
(a)(1); see other provisions of this part and 40 CFR part 1037 for 
limits on using engines certified to only one cycle. For medium and 
heavy heavy-duty engines certified as both tractor and vocational 
engines, measure CO2 emissions using the steady-state duty 
cycle and the transient duty cycle (sometimes referred to as the FTP 
engine cycle) specified in Sec.  1036.501. This is intended for engines 
that are designed for use in both tractor and vocational applications. 
For all other engines (including engines meeting spark-ignition 
standards), measure CO2 emissions using the appropriate 
transient duty cycle specified in Sec.  1036.501.
* * * * *
0
102. Amend Sec.  1036.150 by revising paragraphs (e) and (g)(2), 
paragraph (p) introductory text and adding paragraph (q) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1036.150  Interim provisions.

* * * * *
    (e) Alternate phase-in standards. Where a manufacturer certifies 
all of its model year 2013 compression-ignition engines within a given 
primary intended service class to the applicable alternate standards of 
this paragraph (e), its compression-ignition engines within that 
primary intended service class are

[[Page 28192]]

subject to the standards of this paragraph (e) for model years 2013 
through 2016. This means that once a manufacturer chooses to certify a 
primary intended service class to the standards of this paragraph (e), 
it is not allowed to opt out of these standards. Engines certified to 
these standards are not eligible for early credits under paragraph (a) 
of this section.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Vehicle type              Model years        LHD engines        MHD engines           HHD engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tractors                        2013-2015........  NA...............  512 g/             485 g/hp[middot]hr.
                                                                       hp[middot]hr.
                                2016 and later     NA...............  487 g/             460 g/hp[middot]hr.
                                 \a\.                                  hp[middot]hr.
Vocational                      2013-2015........  618 g/             618 g/             577 g/hp[middot]hr.
                                                    hp[middot]hr.      hp[middot]hr.
                                2016 through 2020  576 g/             576 g/             555 g/hp[middot]hr.
                                 \a\.               hp[middot]hr.      hp[middot]hr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Note: these alternate standards for 2016 and later are the same as the otherwise applicable standards for
  2017 through 2020.

* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (2) You may use an assigned additive DF of 0.020 g/hp[middot]hr for 
N2O emissions from any engine.
* * * * *
    (p) Transition to Phase 2 CO2 standards. If you certify all your 
model year 2020 engines within an averaging set to the model year 2021 
FTP and RMC standards and requirements, you may apply the provisions of 
this paragraph (p) for enhanced generation and use of emission credits. 
These provisions apply separately for medium heavy-duty engines and 
heavy heavy-duty engines.
* * * * *
    (q) Confirmatory testing of fuel maps. We will replace fuel maps as 
a result of our confirmatory testing if we determine our test results 
to be equivalent to the manufacturer's declared fuel maps as specified 
in this paragraph (q).
    (1) We will weight our individual duty cycle results using the 
appropriate vehicle category weighting factors in Table 1 of Sec.  
1037.510 to determine a composite CO2 emission value for 
that vehicle configuration; then repeat the process for the 
manufacturer's fuel maps.
    (2) The average percent difference between fuel maps is calculated 
as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.006

Where:

i = an indexing variable that represents one individual weighted 
duty cycle result for a vehicle configuration.
N = total number of vehicle configurations.
eCO2compEPA = total composite mass of CO2 
emissions in g/ton-mile for the EPA confirmatory test, rounded to 
the nearest whole number for vocational vehicles and to the first 
decimal place for tractors.
eCO2compManu = total composite mass of CO2 
emissions in g/ton-mile for the manufacturer test, rounded to the 
nearest whole number for vocational vehicles and to the first 
decimal place for tractors.

    (3) Where the average difference between our composite weighted 
fuel map and the manufacturer's is less than or equal to 2.0%, We will 
not replace the manufacturer's maps.
0
103. Amend Sec.  1036.225 by revising paragraphs (e) and (f)(1) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1036.225  Amending my application for certification.

* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For engine families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing a new or modified engine 
configuration any time after you send us your amended application and 
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, 
if we determine that the affected engines do not meet applicable 
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the engines and 
may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner. 
Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be 
consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable 
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide 
information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days 
after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified 
engines.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
    (f) * * *
    (1) You may ask to raise your FEL for your engine family at any 
time before the end of the model year. In your request, you must show 
that you will still be able to meet the emission standards as specified 
in subparts B and H of this part. Use the appropriate FELs/FCLs with 
corresponding production volumes to calculate emission credits for the 
model year, as described in subpart H of this part.
* * * * *
0
104. Amend Sec.  1036.230 by revising paragraph (d) and adding 
paragraph (f) to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.230  Selecting engine families.

* * * * *
    (d) Except as described in paragraph (f) of this section, engine 
configurations within an engine family must use equivalent greenhouse 
gas emission controls. Unless we approve it, you may not produce 
nontested configurations without the same emission control hardware 
included on the tested configuration. We will only approve it if you 
demonstrate that the exclusion of the hardware does not increase 
greenhouse gas emissions.
* * * * *
    (f) Engine families may be divided into subfamilies with respect to 
compliance with CO2 standards.

[[Page 28193]]

0
105. Amend Sec.  1036.235 by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (2), and 
(c)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.235  Testing requirements for certification.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) If you are certifying the engine for use in tractors, you must 
measure CO2 emissions using the applicable ramped-modal 
cycle specified in Sec.  1036.501, and measure CH4, and 
N2O emissions using the specified transient cycle.
    (2) If you are certifying the engine for use in vocational 
applications, you must measure CO2, CH4, and 
N2O emissions using the specified transient duty cycle, 
including cold-start and hot-start testing as specified in Sec.  
1036.501.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (5) We may use our emission test results for steady-state, idle, 
cycle-average and powertrain fuel maps as the official emission 
results. We may also consider how the different fuel maps affect GEM 
emission results as part of our decision. We will not replace 
individual points from your fuel map.
* * * * *
0
105. Revise Sec.  1036.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we 
will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family for that 
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or 
incomplete.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1036.820).
0
107. Amend Sec.  1036.301 by revising paragraph (b)(2) introductory 
text to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.301  Measurements related to GEM inputs in a selective 
enforcement audit.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Evaluate cycle-average fuel maps by running GEM based on 
simulated vehicle configurations representing the interpolated center 
of every group of four test points that define a boundary of cycle work 
and average engine speed divided by average vehicle speed. These 
simulated vehicle configurations are defined from the four surrounding 
points based on averaging values for vehicle mass, drag area (if 
applicable), tire rolling resistance, tire size, and axle ratio. The 
regulatory subcategory is defined by the regulatory subcategory of the 
vehicle configuration with the greatest mass from those four test 
points. Figure 1 of this section illustrates a determination of vehicle 
configurations for engines used in tractors and Vocational Heavy-Duty 
Vehicles (HDV) using a fixed tire size (see Sec.  1036.540(c)(3)(iii)). 
The vehicle configuration from the upper-left quadrant is defined by 
values for Tests 1, 2, 4, and 5 from Table 3 of Sec.  1036.540. 
Calculate vehicle mass as the average of the values from the four 
tests. Determine the weight reduction needed for GEM to simulate this 
calculated vehicle mass by comparing the average vehicle mass to the 
default vehicle mass for the vehicle subcategory from the four points 
that has the greatest mass, with the understanding that two-thirds of 
weight reduction for tractors is applied to vehicle weight and one-
third is understood to represent increased payload. This is expressed 
mathematically as Mavg = Msubcategory-\2/
3\[middot]Mreduction, which can be solved for 
Mreduction. For vocational vehicles, half of weight 
reduction is applied to vehicle weight and half is understood to 
represent increased payload. Use the following values for default 
vehicle masses by vehicle subcategory:
* * * * *
0
108. Amend Sec.  1036.501 by revising paragraph (g) and adding 
paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.501  How do I run a valid emission test?

* * * * *
    (g) The following additional provisions apply for testing to 
demonstrate compliance with the emission standards in Sec.  1036.108 
for model year 2016 through 2020 engines:
    (1) Measure CO2, CH4, and N2O 
emissions using the transient cycle specified in either 40 CFR 86.1333 
or appendix II to this part.
    (2) For engines subject to RMC testing under Sec.  1036.108(a)(1), 
measure CO2 emissions using the ramped-modal cycle specified 
in 40 CFR 86.1362.
    (h) The following additional provisions apply for testing to 
demonstrate compliance with the emission standards in Sec.  1036.108 
for model year 2021 and later engines:
    (1) If your engine is intended for installation in a vehicle 
equipped with stop-start technology, you may turn the engine off during 
the idle portions of the duty cycle to represent in-use operation, 
consistent with good engineering judgment. We recommend installing an 
engine starter motor and allowing the engine ECU to control the engine 
stop and start events.
    (2) Measure CO2, CH4, and N2O 
emissions using the transient cycle specified in either 40 CFR 86.1333 
or appendix II to this part.
    (3) For engines subject to RMC testing under 1036.108(a)(1), use 
one of the following methods to measure CO2 emissions:
    (i) Use the ramped-modal cycle specified in Sec.  1036.505 using 
either continuous or batch sampling.
    (ii) Measure CO2 emissions over the ramped-modal cycle 
specified in 40 CFR 86.1362 using continuous sampling. Integrate the 
test results by mode to establish separate emission rates for each mode 
(including the transition following each mode, as applicable). Apply 
the CO2 weighting factors

[[Page 28194]]

specified in 40 CFR 86.1362 to calculate a composite emission result.
    (4) Measure or calculate emissions of criteria pollutants 
corresponding to your measurements to demonstrate compliance with 
CO2 standards. These test results are not subject to the 
duty-cycle standards of 40 CFR part 86, subart A.
0
109. Add Sec.  1036.503 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.503  Engine data and information for vehicle certification.

    You must give vehicle manufacturers information as follows so they 
can certify model year 2021 and later vehicles:
    (a) Identify engine make, model, fuel type, combustion type, engine 
family name, calibration identification, and engine displacement. Also 
identify which standards the engines meet.
    (b) This paragraph (b) describes three different methods to 
generate engine fuel maps. Manufacturers may generally rely on any of 
the three mapping methods. However, for hybrid engines, manufacturers 
must generate fuel maps using either cycle-average or powertrain 
testing as described in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section. For 
all other hybrids, except mild hybrids, follow paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section. Vehicle manufacturers must use the powertrain method described 
in paragraph (b)(2) of this section for any vehicle with a transmission 
that is not automatic, automated manual, manual, or dual-clutch.
    (1) Combined steady-state and cycle-average. Determine steady-state 
engine fuel maps and fuel consumption at idle as described in Sec.  
1036.535, and determine cycle-average engine fuel maps as described in 
Sec.  1036.540, excluding cycle-average fuel maps for highway cruise 
cycles.
    (2) Cycle-average. Determine fuel consumption at idle as described 
in Sec.  1036.535, and determine cycle-average engine fuel maps as 
described in Sec.  1036.540, including cycle-average engine fuel maps 
for highway cruise cycles. In this case, you do not need to determine 
steady-state engine fuel maps under Sec.  1036.535. Fuel mapping for 
highway cruise cycles using cycle-average testing is an alternate 
method, which means that we may do confirmatory testing based on 
steady-state fuel mapping for highway cruise cycles even if you do not; 
however, we will use the steady-state fuel maps to create cycle-average 
fuel maps. In Sec.  1036.540 we define the vehicle configurations for 
testing; we may add more vehicle configurations to better represent 
your engine's operation for the range of vehicles in which your engines 
will be installed (see 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1)).
    (3) Powertrain. Generate a powertrain fuel map as described in 40 
CFR 1037.550. In this case, you do not need to perform fuel mapping 
under Sec.  1036.535 or Sec.  1036.540.
    (c) Provide the following information if you generate engine fuel 
maps using either paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section:
    (1) Full-load torque curve for installed engines, and the full-load 
torque curve of the engine (parent engine) with the highest fueling 
rate that shares the same engine hardware, including the turbocharger, 
as described in 40 CFR 1065.510. You may use 40 CFR 1065.510(b)(5)(i) 
for engines subject to spark-ignition standards. Measure the torque 
curve for hybrid engines as described in 40 CFR 1065.510(g) with the 
hybrid system active.
    (2) Motoring torque map as described in 40 CFR 1065.510(c)(2) and 
(4) for conventional and hybrid engines, respectively. For engines with 
a low-speed governor, remove data points where the low speed governor 
is active. If you don't know when the low-speed governor is active, we 
recommend removing all points below 40 r/min above the low warm idle 
speed.
    (3) Declared engine idle speed. For vehicles with manual 
transmissions, this is the engine speed with the transmission in 
neutral. For all other vehicles, this is the engine's idle speed when 
the transmission is in drive.
    (4) The engine idle speed during the cycle-average fuel map.
    (5) The engine idle torque during the cycle-average fuel map.
    (d) If you generate powertrain fuel maps using paragraph (b)(3) of 
this section, determine the system continuous rated power according to 
Sec.  1036.527.
0
110. Revise Sec.  1036.505 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.505  Ramped-modal testing procedures.

    (a) Starting in model year 2021, you must measure CO2 
emissions using the ramped-modal cycle in 40 CFR 86.1362 as described 
in Sec.  1036.501, or using the ramped-modal cycle in this section.
    (b) Perform ramped-modal testing with one of the following 
procedures:
    (1) For engine testing, the ramped-modal duty cycles are based on 
normalized speed and torque values relative to certain maximum values. 
Denormalize torque as described in 40 CFR 1065.610(d). Denormalize 
speed as described in 40 CFR 1065.512.
    (2) For hybrid powertrain testing, follow 40 CFR 1037.550 to carry 
out the test, but do not compensate the duty cycle for the distance 
driven. For cycles that begin with a set of contiguous idle points, 
leave the transmission in neutral or park for the full initial idle 
segment. Place the transmission into drive within 5 seconds of the 
first nonzero vehicle speed setpoint. Place the transmission into park 
or neutral when the cycle reaches RMC mode 14. Use the following 
vehicle parameters in place of those in 40 CFR 1037.550 to define the 
vehicle model in 40 CFR 1037.550(b)(3):
    (i) Determine the vehicle test mass, M, as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.007
    
Where:

Pcontrated = the continuous rated power of the hybrid 
system determined in Sec.  1036.527.

Example:

Pcontrated = 350.1 kW
M = 15.1[middot]350.11.31 = 32499 kg

    (ii) Determine the vehicle frontal area, Afront, as 
follows:
    (A) For M <= 18050 kg:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.008
    
Example:

M = 16499 kg
Afront = -1.69 
[middot]10-8[middot]164992 + 6.33 
[middot]10-4[middot]16499 +1.67 = 7.51 m2

    (B) For M > 18050 kg, Afront = 7.59 m\2\
    (iii) Determine the vehicle drag area, CdA, as follows:

[[Page 28195]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.009

Where:

g = gravitational constant = 9.81 m/s\2\.
[rho] = air density at reference conditions. Use [rho] = 1.1845 kg/
m\3\.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.010

Example:

Mrotating = 0.07[middot]32499 = 2274.9 kg

    (vi) Select a drive axle ratio, ka, that represents the 
worst-case pair of drive axle ratio and tire size for CO2 
expected for vehicles in which the powertrain will be installed. This 
is typically the highest numeric axle ratio.
    (vii) Select a tire radius, r, that represents the worst-case pair 
of tire size and drive axle ratio for CO2 expected for 
vehicles in which the powertrain will be installed. This is typically 
the smallest tire radius.
    (viii) If you are certifying a hybrid powertrain system without the 
transmission, use a default transmission efficiency of 0.95. If you 
certify with this configuration, you must use 40 CFR 1037.550(b)(3)(ii) 
to create the vehicle model along with its default transmission shift 
strategy. Use the transmission parameters defined in Table 1 of Sec.  
1036.540 to determine transmission type and gear ratio. Use the 
transient cycle parameters for the FTP and the highway cruise cycle 
parameters for the RMC.
    (ix) Select axle efficiency, Effaxle, according to 40 
CFR 1037.550.
    (c) Measure emissions using the ramped-modal duty cycle shown in 
Table 1 of Sec.  1036.505 to determine whether engines and hybrid 
powertrains meet the steady-state compression-ignition standards 
specified in subpart B of this part. Table 1 of this section specifies 
settings for engine and hybrid powertrain testing, as follows:
    (1) The duty cycle for testing engines involves a schedule of 
normalized engine speed and torque values.
    (2) The duty cycle for hybrid powertrain testing involves a 
schedule of vehicle speeds and road grade. Determine road grade at each 
point based on the continuous rated power of the hybrid powertrain 
system, Pcontrated, determined in Sec.  1036.527 and the 
specified road grade coefficients using the following equation:

Road grade = a [middot] P \2\contrated + b [middot] 
Pcontrated + c

[[Page 28196]]

                                                   Table 1 to Sec.   1036.505--Ramped-Modal Duty Cycle
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         Engine testing                                           Powertrain testing
                                  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             RMC mode                                                                                                     Road-grade coefficients
                                    Time in mode    Engine speed \a b\   Torque (percent) \b   Vehicle speed (mi/ --------------------------------------
                                      (seconds)                                   c\                  hr)               a            b            c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state..................             124  Warm Idle...........  0..................  Warm Idle..........            0            0            0
1b Transition....................              20  Linear Transition...  Linear Transition..  Linear Transition..      -4.6E-3      -9.1E+0      -4.6E-3
2a Steady-state..................             196  A...................  100................  53.38..............     589.2E-6       2.1E+0     589.2E-6
2b Transition....................              20  Linear Transition...  Linear Transition..  Linear Transition..            0            0            0
3a Steady-state..................             220  B...................  50.................  65.00..............      10.3E-3      -1.6E+0      10.3E-3
3b Transition....................              20  B...................  Linear Transition..  65.00..............            0            0            0
4a Steady-state..................             220  B...................  75.................  65.00..............       7.9E-3    -280.7E-3       7.9E-3
4b Transition....................              20  Linear Transition...  Linear Transition..  Linear Transition..       6.0E-3       2.3E+0       6.0E-3
5a Steady-state..................             268  A...................  50.................  53.38..............       5.9E-3    -605.6E-3       5.9E-3
5b Transition....................              20  A...................  Linear Transition..  53.38..............       7.8E-3    -349.3E-3       7.8E-3
6a Steady-state..................             268  A...................  75.................  53.38..............       3.3E-3     728.3E-3       3.3E-3
6b Transition....................              20  A...................  Linear Transition..  53.38..............       6.7E-3    -668.2E-3       6.7E-3
7a Steady-state..................             268  A...................  25.................  53.38..............       8.9E-3      -2.0E+0       8.9E-3
7b Transition....................              20  Linear Transition...  Linear Transition..  Linear Transition..       6.9E-3      -3.1E+0       6.9E-3
8a Steady-state..................             196  B...................  100................  65.00..............       5.5E-3     798.2E-3       5.5E-3
8b Transition....................              20  B...................  Linear Transition..  65.00..............      10.0E-3      -1.2E+0      10.0E-3
9a Steady-state..................             196  B...................  25.................  65.00..............      13.6E-3      -3.2E+0      13.6E-3
9b Transition....................              20  Linear Transition...  Linear Transition..  Linear Transition..      13.8E-3      -5.2E+0      13.8E-3
10a Steady-state.................              28  C...................  100................  77.80..............      13.0E-3      -1.3E+0      13.0E-3
10b Transition...................              20  C...................  Linear Transition..  77.80..............      16.1E-3      -3.0E+0      16.1E-3
11a Steady-state.................               4  C...................  25.................  77.80..............      16.1E-3      -4.0E+0      16.1E-3
11b Transition...................              20  C...................  Linear Transition..  77.80..............      17.7E-3      -3.7E+0      17.7E-3
12a Steady-state.................               4  C...................  75.................  77.80..............      15.5E-3      -2.5E+0      15.5E-3
12b Transition...................              20  C...................  Linear Transition..  77.80..............      13.6E-3      -3.0E+0      13.6E-3
13a Steady-state.................               4  C...................  50.................  77.80..............      15.7E-3      -2.6E+0      15.7E-3
13b Transition...................              20  Linear Transition...  Linear Transition..  Linear Transition..       6.9E-3      17.7E+0       6.9E-3
14 Steady-state..................             144  Warm Idle...........  0..................  Warm Idle..........            0            0            0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Engine speed terms are defined in 40 CFR part 1065.
\b\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20 second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the settings
  of the current mode to the settings of the next mode.
\c\ The percent torque is relative to maximum torque at the commanded engine speed.

0
111. Revise Sec.  1036.510 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.510  Transient testing procedures.

    (a) Measure emissions by testing the engine or hybrid powertrain on 
a dynamometer with one of the following transient duty cycles to 
determine whether it meets the transient emission standards:
    (1) For spark-ignition engines, use the transient duty cycle 
described in paragraph (a) of Appendix II of this part.
    (2) For compression-ignition engines, use the transient duty cycle 
described in paragraph (b) of Appendix II of this part.
    (3) For spark-ignition hybrid powertrains, use the transient duty 
cycle described in paragraph (a) of Appendix II of this part.
    (4) For compression-ignition hybrid powertrains, use the transient 
duty cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix II of this part.
    (b) Perform the following depending on if you are testing engines 
or hybrid powertrains:
    (1) For engine testing, the transient duty cycles are based on 
normalized speed and torque values relative to certain maximum values. 
Denormalize torque as described in 40 CFR 1065.610(d). Denormalize 
speed as described in 40 CFR 1065.512.
    (2) For hybrid powertrain testing, follow Sec.  1036.505(b)(2) to 
carry out the test except replace Pcontrated with 
Prated, the peak rated power determined in Sec.  1036.527 
and keep the transmission in drive for all idle segments after the 
initial idle segment.
    (c) The transient test sequence consists of an initial run through 
the transient duty cycle from a cold start, 20 minutes with no engine 
operation, then a final run through the same transient duty cycle. 
Start sampling emissions immediately after you start the engine and 
continue sampling until the duty cycle is complete. Calculate the total 
emission mass of each constituent, m, and the total work, W, over each 
test interval according to 40 CFR 1065.650. Calculate the official 
transient emission result from the cold-start and hot-start test 
intervals using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.011

    (d) Calculate cycle statistics and compare with the established 
criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 for engines and 40 CFR 
1037.550 for hybrid powertrains to confirm that the test is valid.
0
112. Add Sec.  1036.527 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.527  Powertrain system rated power determination.

    This section describes how to determine the peak and continuous 
rated power of conventional and hybrid powertrain systems for carrying 
out

[[Page 28197]]

testing according to Sec.  1036.505, Sec.  1036.510, and 40 CFR 
1037.550.
    (a) Set up the powertrain according to 40 CFR 1037.550, but use the 
vehicle parameters in Sec.  1036.505(b)(2), except replace 
Pcontrated with the manufacturer declared system peak power. 
Note that if you repeat the system rated power determination as 
described in paragraph (i)(4) of this section, use the measured system 
peak power in place of Pcontrated.
    (b) For conventional powertrains follow paragraphs (d), (e), and 
(h) of this section. For hybrid powertrains, follow paragraphs (c) 
through (j) of this section.
    (c) Prior to the start of each test interval verify the following:
    (i) The state-of-charge of the the rechargeable energy storage 
system (RESS) is >=90% of the operating range between the minimum and 
maximum RESS energy levels specified by the manufacturer.
    (ii) The conditions of all hybrid system components are within 
their normal operating range as declared by the manufacturer.
    (iii) RESS restrictions (e.g., power limiting, thermal limits, 
etc.) are not active.
    (d) Set maximum driver demand for a full load acceleration at 0% 
road grade starting at an initial vehicle speed of 0 mi/hr. Stop the 
test 300 seconds after the vehicle speed has stopped increasing above 
the maximum value observed during the test.
    (e) Record the powertrain system speed and torque values at the 
wheel hub at 100 Hz and use these in conjunction with the vehicle model 
to calculate Psys,vehicle.
    (f) After completing the test interval described in paragraphs (d) 
and (e) of this section repeat the steps in paragraphs (c) through (e) 
of this section for 2% and 6% road grades.
    (g) After completing the test intervals described in paragraphs (c) 
and (e) of this section repeat the steps in paragraphs (c) through (f) 
of this section for initial vehicle speeds of 20 mi/hr and 40 mi/hr. 
After completing the test interval on the last road grade and initial 
vehicle speed point, the rated power determination sequence is 
complete.
    (h) Calculate the system peak power, Psys, for each test 
run as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.012

Where:

Psys,vehicle = the calculated vehicle system peak power.
[egr]trans = the default transmission efficiency = 0.95.
[egr]axle = the default axle efficiency = 0.955.

Example:

Psys,vehicle = 317.6 kW
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.013

    (i) The system peak rated power, Prated, is the highest 
calculated Psys where the coefficient of variation (COV) 
<2%. The COV is determined as follows:
    (1) Calculate the standard deviation, [sigma](t).
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.014
    
Where:

N = the number of measurement intervals = 20.
Psysi = the N samples in the 100 Hz signal previously 
used to calculate the respective P[mu](t) values at the time step t.
P[mu](t) = the power vector from the results of each test run that 
is determined by a moving averaging of 20 consecutive samples of 
Psys in the 100 Hz that converts P[mu](t) to a 5 Hz 
signal.

    (2) The resulting 5 Hz power and covariance signals are used to 
determine system rated power.
    (3) The coefficient of variation COV(t) shall be calculated as the 
ratio of the standard deviation, [sigma](t), to the mean value of 
power, P[mu](t, for each time step t.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.015

    (4) If the determined system peak rated power is not within 3% of the system peak rated power as declared by the 
manufacturer, you must repeat the procedure in paragraphs (a) through 
(i)(3) of this section using the measured system peak rated power 
determined in paragraph (i) of this section instead of the manufacturer 
declared value. The result from this repeat is the final determined 
system peak rated power.
    (5) If the determined system peak rated power is within 3% of the system peak rated power as declared by the 
manufacturer, the declared system peak rated power shall be used.
    (j) Determine continuous rated power, Pcontrated, by 
following paragraphs (i)(1) through (3) of this section using the data 
that met the requirements of paragraph (i)(4) or (i)(5) of this 
section, where the system continuous rated power, 
Pcontrated, is the lowest calculated Psys where 
the coefficient of variation (COV) <2%. Set N = 1000 in Eq. 1036.527-2, 
which results in a 0.1 Hz signal in paragraph (i)(2) of this section. 
For this determination, use the data collected in paragraphs (a) 
through (g) of this section starting with the point 30 seconds after 
the vehicle speed has stopped increasing above the maximum value 
observed during the test.
0
113. Amend Sec.  1036.530 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.530  Calculating greenhouse gas emission rates.

* * * * *
    (b) Adjust CO2 emission rates calculated under paragraph 
(a) of this section for measured test fuel properties as specified in 
this paragraph (b). This adjustment is intended to make official 
emission results independent of differences in test fuels within a fuel 
type. Use good engineering judgment to develop and apply testing 
protocols to minimize the impact of variations in test fuels.
    (1) Determine your test fuel's mass-specific net energy content, 
Emfuelmeas, also known as lower heating value, in MJ/kg, 
expressed to at least three decimal places. Determine 
Emfuelmeas as follows:
    (i) For liquid fuels, determine Emfuelmeas according to 
ASTM D4809 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1036.810). Have the 
sample analyzed by three different labs and use the arithmetic mean of 
the results as your test fuel's Emfuelmeas.
    (ii) For gaseous fuels, determine Emfuelmeas according 
to ASTM D3588 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1036.810).
    (2) Determine your test fuel's carbon mass fraction, wC, 
as described in 40 CFR 1065.655(d), expressed to at least three decimal 
places; however, you must measure fuel properties rather than using the 
default values specified in Table 1 of 40 CFR 1065.655.
    (i) For liquid fuels, have the sample analyzed by three different 
labs and use the arithmetic mean of the results as your test fuel's 
wC.
    (ii) For gaseous fuels, have the sample analyzed by a single lab 
and use that result as your test fuel's wC.
    (3) If, over a period of time, you receive multiple fuel deliveries 
from a single stock batch of test fuel, you may use constant values for 
mass-specific energy content and carbon mass fraction, consistent with 
good engineering judgment. To use this

[[Page 28198]]

provision, you must demonstrate that every subsequent delivery comes 
from the same stock batch and that the fuel has not been contaminated.
    (4) Correct measured CO2 emission rates as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.016
    
Where:

eCO2 = the calculated CO2 emission result.
Emfuelmeas = the mass-specific net energy content of the 
test fuel as determined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Note 
that dividing this value by wCmeas (as is done in this 
equation) equates to a carbon-specific net energy content having the 
same units as EmfuelCref.
EmfuelCref = the reference value of carbon-mass-specific 
net energy content for the appropriate fuel type, as determined in 
Table 1 of this section.
wCmeas = carbon mass fraction of the test fuel (or 
mixture of test fuels) as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of this 
section.

Example:

eCO2 = 630.0 g/hp[middot]hr
Emfuelmeas = 42.528 MJ/kg
EmfuelCref = 49.3112 MJ/kgC
wCmeas = 0.870
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.017

eCO2cor = 624.5 g/hp[middot]hr

                              Table 1 to Sec.   1036.530--Reference Fuel Properties
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Reference fuel carbon-mass-
                  Fuel type \a\                       specific net energy content,    Reference fuel carbon mass
                                                        EmfuelCref, (MJ/kgC) \b\          fraction, wCref \b\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel fuel......................................                           49.3112                       0.874
Gasoline.........................................                           50.4742                       0.846
Natural Gas......................................                           66.2910                       0.750
LPG..............................................                           56.5218                       0.820
Dimethyl Ether...................................                           55.3886                       0.521
High-level ethanol-gasoline blends...............                           50.3211                       0.576
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ For fuels that are not listed, you must ask us to approve reference fuel properties.
\b\ For multi-fuel streams, such as natural gas with diesel fuel pilot injection, use good engineering judgment
  to determine blended values for EmfuelCref and wCref using the values in this table.

* * * * *
0
114. Revise Sec.  1036.535 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.535  Determining steady-state engine fuel maps and fuel 
consumption at idle.

    This section describes how to determine an engine's steady-state 
fuel map and fuel consumption at idle for model year 2021 and later 
vehicles. Vehicle manufacturers may need these values to demonstrate 
compliance with emission standards under 40 CFR part 1037 as described 
in Sec.  1036.510.
    (a) General test provisions. Perform fuel mapping using the 
procedure described in paragraph (b) of this section to establish 
measured fuel-consumption rates at a range of engine speed and load 
settings. Measure fuel consumption at idle using the procedure 
described in paragraph (c) of this section. If you perform cycle-
average mapping for highway cruise cycles as described in Sec.  
1036.540, omit mapping under paragraph (b) of the section and instead 
perform mapping as described in paragraph (d) of this section. Use 
these measured fuel-consumption values to declare fuel-consumption 
rates for certification as described in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (1) Map the engine's torque curve and declare engine idle speed as 
described in Sec.  1036.503(c)(1) and (3), and perform emission 
measurements as described in 40 CFR 1065.501 and 1065.530 for discrete-
mode steady-state testing. This section uses engine parameters and 
variables that are consistent with 40 CFR part 1065.
    (2) Measure NOX emissions for each specified sampling 
period in g/s. You may perform these measurements using a 
NOX emission-measurement system that meets the requirements 
of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J. Include these measured NOX 
values any time you report to us your fuel consumption values from 
testing under this section. If a system malfunction prevents you from 
measuring NOX emissions during a test under this section but 
the test otherwise gives valid results, you may consider this a valid 
test and omit the NOX emission measurements; however, we may 
require you to repeat the test if we determine that you inappropriately 
voided the test with respect to NOX emission measurement.
    (b) Steady-state fuel mapping. Determine fuel-consumption rates for 
each engine configuration over a series of steady-state engine 
operating points consisting of pairs of speed and torque points as 
described in this paragraph (b). You may use shared data across an 
engine platform to the extent that the fuel-consumption rates remain 
valid. For example, if you test a high-output configuration and create 
a different configuration that uses the same fueling strategy but 
limits the engine operation to be a subset of that from the high-output 
configuration, you may use the fuel-consumption rates for the reduced 
number of mapped points for the low-output configuration, as long as 
the narrower map includes at least 70 points. Perform fuel mapping as 
follows:
    (1) Generate the sequence of steady-state engine operating points 
as follows:
    (i) Determine the required steady-state engine operating points as 
follows:
    (A) For engines with an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint, select 
the following ten speed setpoints: Minimum warm idle speed, 
fnidlemin, the highest speed above maximum power at which 
70% of maximum power occurs, nhi, and eight equally spaced 
points between

[[Page 28199]]

fnidlemin and nhi. (See 40 CFR 1065.610(c)). For 
engines without an adjustable warm idle speed replace minimum warm idle 
speed with warm idle speed, fnidle.
    (B) Select the following ten torque setpoints at each of the 
selected speed setpoints: Zero (T = 0), maximum mapped torque, 
Tmax mapped, and eight equally spaced points between T = 0 
and Tmax mapped. For each of the selected speed setpoints, 
replace any torque setpoints that are above the mapped torque at the 
selected speed setpoint, Tmax, minus 5 percent of 
Tmax mapped, with one test point at Tmax.
    (ii) Select any additional (optional) steady-state engine operating 
points consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, when 
linear interpolation between the defined points is not a reasonable 
assumption for determining fuel consumption from the engine. For each 
additional speed setpoint, increments between torque setpoints must be 
no larger than one-ninth of Tmax,mapped and we recommend 
including a torque setpoint of Tmax. If you select a maximum 
torque setpoint less than Tmax, use good engineering 
judgement to select your maximum torque setpoint to avoid 
unrepresentative data. We will select at least as many points as you.
    (iii) Set the run order for all of the steady-state engine 
operating points (both required and optional) as described in this 
paragraph (b)(1)(iii). Arrange the list of steady-state engine 
operating points such that the resulting list of paired speed and 
torque setpoints begins with the highest speed setpoint and highest 
torque setpoint followed by decreasing torque setpoints at the highest 
speed setpoint. This will be followed by the next lowest speed setpoint 
and the highest torque setpoint at that speed setpoint continuing 
through all the steady-state engine operating points and ending with 
the lowest speed (fnidlemin) and torque setpoint (T = 0). 
Figure 1 provides an example of this array of points and run order.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.018

    (iv) The steady-state engine operating points that have the highest 
torque setpoint for a given speed setpoint are optional reentry points 
into the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence, should you need to pause 
or interrupt the sequence during testing.
    (v) The steady-state engine operating points that have the lowest 
torque setpoint for a given speed setpoint are optional exit points 
from the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence, should you need to pause 
or interrupt the sequence during testing.
    (2) If the engine has an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint, set 
it to its minimum value, fnidlemin.
    (3) During each test interval, control speed within 1% 
of nhi and engine torque within 5% of 
Tmax mapped except for the following cases where both 
setpoints cannot be achieved because the steady-state engine operating 
point is near an engine operating boundary:
    (i) For steady-state engine operating points that cannot be 
achieved and the operator demand stabilizes at minimum; control the 
dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the torque setpoint and let 
the engine govern the speed (see

[[Page 28200]]

40 CFR 1065.512(b)(1)). In this case, the tolerance on speed control in 
paragraph (b)(3) of this section does not apply and engine torque is 
controlled to within 25 N[middot]m.
    (ii) For steady-state engine operating points that cannot be 
achieved and the operator demand stabilizes at maximum and the speed 
setpoint is below 90% of nhi; control the dynamometer so it 
gives priority to follow the speed setpoint and let the engine govern 
the torque (see 40 CFR 1065.512(b)(2)). In this case, the tolerance on 
torque control given in paragraph (b)(3) of this section does not 
apply.
    (iii) For steady-state engine operating points that cannot be 
achieved and the operator demand stabilizes at maximum and the speed 
setpoint is at or above 90% of nhi; control the dynamometer 
so it gives priority to follow the torque setpoint and let the engine 
govern the speed (see 40 CFR 1065.512(b)(1)). In this case, the 
tolerance on speed control given in paragraph (b)(3) of this section 
does not apply.
    (iv) For the steady-state engine operating points at the minimum 
speed setpoint and maximum torque setpoint, you may select a 
dynamometer control mode that gives priority to speed and an engine 
control mode that gives priority to torque. In this case, if the 
operator demand stabilizes at minimum or maximum, the tolerance on 
torque control in paragraph (b)(3) of this section does not apply.
    (4) You may select the appropriate dynamometer and engine control 
modes in real-time or at any time prior based on various factors 
including the operating setpoint location relative to an engine 
operating boundary. Warm-up the engine as described in 40 CFR 
1065.510(b)(2).
    (6) Within 60 seconds after concluding the warm-up, linearly ramp 
the speed and torque setpoints over 5 seconds to the first steady-state 
engine operating point from paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (7) Operate the engine at the steady-state engine operating point 
for (70  1) seconds, and then start the test interval and 
record measurements using one of the following methods. You must also 
measure and report NOX emissions over each test interval as 
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. If you use redundant 
systems for the determination of fuel consumption, for example 
combining measurements of dilute and raw emissions when generating your 
map, follow the requirements of 40 CFR 1065.201(d).
    (i) Indirect measurement of fuel flow. Record speed and torque and 
measure emissions and other inputs needed to run the chemical balance 
in 40 CFR 1065.655(c) for a (30  1) second test interval; 
determine the corresponding mean values for the test interval. We will 
use an average of indirect measurement of fuel flow with dilute 
sampling and direct sampling. For dilute sampling of emissions, in 
addition to the background measurement provisions described in 40 CFR 
1065.140 you may do the following:
    (A) If you use batch sampling to measure background emissions, you 
may sample periodically into the bag over the course of multiple test 
intervals and read them as allowed in paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this 
section. If you use this provision, you must apply the same background 
readings to correct emissions from each of the applicable test 
intervals.
    (B) You may determine background emissions by sampling from the 
dilution air during the non-test interval periods in the test sequence, 
including pauses allowed in paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this section. If 
you use this provision, you must allow sufficient time for 
stabilization of the background measurement; followed by an averaging 
period of at least 30 seconds. Use the average of the most recent pre-
test interval and the next post-test interval background readings to 
correct each test interval. The most recent pre-test interval 
background reading must be taken no greater than 30 minutes prior to 
the start of the first applicable test interval and the next post-test 
interval background reading must be taken no later than 30 minutes 
after the end of the last applicable test interval. Background readings 
must be taken prior to the test interval for each reentry point and 
after the test interval for each exit point or more frequently.
    (ii) Direct measurement of fuel flow. Record speed and torque and 
measure fuel consumption with a fuel flow meter for a (30  
1) second test interval; determine the corresponding mean values for 
the test interval.
    (8) After completing the test interval described in paragraph 
(b)(7) of this section, linearly ramp the speed and torque setpoints 
over 5 seconds to the next steady-state engine operating point.
    (i) You may pause the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence at any of 
the reentry points (as noted in paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section) 
to calibrate emission-measurement instrumentation; to read and evacuate 
background bag samples collected over the course of multiple test 
intervals; or to sample the dilution air for background emissions. This 
provision allows you to spend more than the 70 seconds noted in 
paragraph (b)(7) of this section.
    (ii) If an infrequent regeneration event occurs, interrupt the 
steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence and allow the regeneration event to 
finish. You may continue to operate at the steady-state engine 
operating point where the event began or, using good engineering 
judgement, you may transition to another operating condition to reduce 
the regeneration event duration. You may complete any post-test 
interval activities to validate test intervals prior to the most recent 
reentry point. Once the regeneration event is finished, linearly ramp 
the speed and torque setpoints over 5 seconds to the most recent 
reentry point described in paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section, and 
restart the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence by repeating the steps 
in paragraphs (b)(7) and (8) of this section for all the remaining 
steady-state engine operating points. Operate at the reentry point for 
longer than the 70 seconds in paragraph (b)(7), as needed, to bring the 
aftertreatment to representative thermal conditions. Void all test 
intervals in the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence beginning with the 
reentry point and ending with the steady-state engine operating point 
where the regeneration event began.
    (iii) You may interrupt the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence 
after any of the exit points described in paragraph (b)(1)(v) of this 
section. To restart the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence; begin with 
paragraph (b)(5) of this section and continue with paragraph (b)(6) of 
this section, except that the steady-state engine operating point is 
the next reentry point, not the first operating point from paragraph 
(b)(1) of this section. Follow paragraphs (b)(7) and (8) of this 
section until all remaining steady-state engine operating points are 
tested.
    (iv) If the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence is interrupted due 
test equipment or engine malfunction, void all test intervals in the 
steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence beginning with the most recent 
reentry point as described in paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of this section. You 
may complete any post-test interval activities to validate test 
intervals prior to the most recent reentry point. Correct the 
malfunction and restart the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence as 
described in paragraph (b)(10)(iii) of this section.
    (v) If any steady-state engine test interval is voided, void all 
test intervals in the steady-state-fuel-mapping sequence beginning with 
the most recent reentry point as described in paragraph (b)(1)(iv) of 
this section and

[[Page 28201]]

ending with the next exit point as described in paragraph (b)(1)(v) of 
this section. Rerun that segment of the steady-state-fuel-mapping 
sequence. If multiple test intervals are voided in multiple speed 
setpoints, you may exclude the speed setpoints where all of the test 
intervals were valid from the rerun sequence. Rerun the steady-state-
fuel-mapping sequence as described in paragraph (b)(10)(iii) of this 
section.
    (11) If you determine fuel-consumption rates using emission 
measurements from the raw or diluted exhaust, calculate the mean fuel 
mass flow rate, mifuel, for each point in the fuel map using 
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.019

Where:

mifuel = mean fuel mass flow rate for a given fuel map 
setpoint, expressed to at least the nearest 0.001 g/s.
MC = molar mass of carbon.
WCmeas = carbon mass fraction of fuel (or mixture of test 
fuels) as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(d), except that you may not 
use the default properties in Table 1 of 40 CFR 1065.655 to 
determine [alpha], [beta], and WC for liquid fuels.
niexh = the mean raw exhaust molar flow rate from which 
you measured emissions according to 40 CFR 1065.655.
xiCcombdry = the mean concentration of carbon from fuel 
and any injected fluids in the exhaust per mole of dry exhaust as 
determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(c).
xiH2Oexhdry = the mean concentration of H2O in 
exhaust per mole of dry exhaust as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(c).
miCO2DEF = the mean CO2 mass emission rate 
resulting from diesel exhaust fluid decomposition as determined in 
paragraph (b)(12) of this section. If your engine does not use 
diesel exhaust fluid, or if you choose not to perform this 
correction, set miCO2DEF equal to 0.
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
wCmeas = 0.869
niexh = 25.534 mol/s
xiCcombdry = 0.002805 mol/mol
xiH2Oexhdry = 0.0353 mol/mol
miCO2DEF = 0.0726 g/s
MCO2 = 44.0095 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.173

    (12) If you determine fuel-consumption rates using emission 
measurements with engines that utilize diesel exhaust fluid for 
NOX control, correct for the mean CO2 mass 
emissions resulting from diesel exhaust fluid decomposition at each 
fuel map setpoint using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.020

Where:

miDEF = the mean mass flow rate of injected urea solution 
diesel exhaust fluid for a given sampling period, determined 
directly from the engine control module, or measured separately, 
consistent with good engineering judgment.
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.
wCH4N2O = mass fraction of urea in diesel exhaust fluid 
aqueous solution. Note that the subscript ``CH4N2O'' refers to urea 
as a pure compound and the subscript ``DEF'' refers to the aqueous 
urea diesel exhaust fluid as a solution of urea in water. You may 
use a default value of 32.5% or use good engineering judgment to 
determine this value based on measurement.
MCH4N2O = molar mass of urea.

Example:

miDEF = 0. 304 g/s
MCO2 = 44.0095 g/mol
wCH4N2O = 32.5% = 0.325
MCH4N2O = 60.05526 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.021

    (c) Fuel consumption at idle. Determine fuel-consumption rates for 
engines certified for installation in vocational vehicles for each 
engine configuration over a series of engine-idle operating points 
consisting of pairs of speed and torque points as described in this 
paragraph (c). You may use shared data across engine configurations, 
consistent with good engineering judgment. Perform measurements as 
follows:
    (1) Determine the required engine-idle operating points as follows:
    (i) Select the following two speed setpoints:
    (A) Engines with an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint: Minimum 
warm idle speed, fnidlemin, and the maximum warm idle speed, 
fnidlemax.
    (B) Engines without an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint: Warm 
idle speed (with zero torque on the primary output shaft), 
fnidle, and 1.15 times fnidle.
    (ii) Select the following two torque setpoints at each of the 
selected speed setpoints: 0 and 100 N[middot]m.
    (iii) You may run these four engine-idle operating points in any 
order.
    (2) Control speed and torque as follows:

[[Page 28202]]

    (i) Engines with an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint. For the 
warm-up in paragraph (c)(3) and the transition in paragraph (c)(4) of 
this section control both speed and torque. At any time prior to 
reaching the next engine-idle operating point, set the engine's 
adjustable warm idle speed setpoint to the speed setpoint of the next 
engine-idle operating point in the sequence. This may be done before or 
during the warm-up or during the transition. Near the end of the 
transition period control speed and torque as described in paragraph 
(b)(3)(i) of this section. Once the transition is complete; set the 
operator demand to minimum to allow the engine governor to control 
speed; and control torque with the dynamometer as described in 
paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (ii) Engines without an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint. 
Control speed and torque with operator demand and the dynamometer for 
the engine-idle operating points at the higher speed setpoint as 
described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. Both the speed and 
torque tolerances apply for these points because they are not near the 
engine's operating boundary and are achievable. Control speed and 
torque for the engine-idle operating points at the lower speed setpoint 
as described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section except for setting 
the engine's adjustable warm idle speed setpoint.
    (3) Warm-up the engine as described in 40 CFR 1065.510(b)(2).
    (4) After concluding the warm-up procedure, linearly ramp the speed 
and torque setpoints over 20 seconds to operate the engine at the next 
engine-idle operating point from paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (5) Operate the engine at the engine-idle operating point for (180 
 1) seconds, and then start the test interval and record 
measurements using one of the following methods. You must also measure 
and report NOX emissions over each test interval as 
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. If you use redundant 
systems for the determination of fuel consumption, for example 
combining measurements of dilute and raw emissions when generating your 
map, follow the requirements of 40 CFR 1065.201(d).
    (i) Indirect measurement of fuel flow. Record speed and torque and 
measure emissions and other inputs needed to run the chemical balance 
in 40 CFR 1065.655(c) for a (600  1) second test interval; 
determine the corresponding mean values for the test interval. We will 
use an average of indirect measurement of fuel flow with dilute 
sampling and direct sampling. For dilute sampling of emissions, measure 
background according to the provisions described in 40 CFR 1065.140, 
but read the background as described in paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this 
section. If you use batch sampling to measure background emissions, you 
may sample periodically into the bag over the course of multiple test 
intervals and read them as allowed in paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this 
section. If you use this provision, you must apply the same background 
readings to correct emissions from each of the applicable test 
intervals. If you use batch sampling to measure background emissions, 
you may sample periodically into the bag over the course of multiple 
test intervals and read them as allowed in paragraph (b)(10)(i) of this 
section. If you use this provision, you must apply the same background 
readings to correct emissions from each of the applicable test 
intervals. Note that the minimum dilution ratio requirements for PM 
sampling in 40 CFR 1065.140(e)(2) do not apply. We recommend minimizing 
the CVS flow rate to minimize errors due to background correction 
consistent with good engineering judgement and operational constraints 
such as minimum flow rate for good mixing.
    (ii) Direct measurement of fuel flow. Record speed and torque and 
measure fuel consumption with a fuel flow meter for a (600  
1) second test interval; determine the corresponding mean values for 
the test interval.
    (6) After completing the test interval described in paragraph 
(c)(5) of this section, repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(3) to (5) of 
this section for all the remaining engine-idle operating points. After 
completing the test interval on the last engine-idle operating point, 
the fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence is complete.
    (7) The following provisions apply for interruptions in the fuel-
consumption-at-idle sequence. These provisions are intended to produce 
results equivalent to running the sequence without interruption.
    (i) You may pause the fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence after each 
test interval to calibrate emission-measurement instrumentation and to 
read and evacuate background bag samples collected over the course of a 
single test interval. This provision allows you to shut-down the engine 
or to spend more time at the speed/torque idle setpoint after 
completing the test interval before transitioning to the step in 
paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
    (ii) If an infrequent regeneration event occurs, interrupt the 
fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence and allow the regeneration event to 
finish. You may continue to operate at the engine-idle operating point 
where the event began or, using good engineering judgement, you may 
transition to another operating condition to reduce the regeneration 
event duration. If the event occurs during a test interval, void that 
test interval. Once the regeneration event is finished, restart the 
fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence by repeating the steps in paragraphs 
(c)(3) through (5) of this section for all the remaining engine-idle 
operating points.
    (iii) You may interrupt the fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence after 
any of the test intervals. Restart the fuel-consumption-at-idle 
sequence by repeating the steps in paragraphs (c)(3) through (5) of 
this section for all the remaining engine-idle operating points.
    (iv) If the fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence is interrupted due to 
test equipment or engine malfunction, correct the malfunction and 
restart the fuel-consumption-at-idle sequence by repeating the steps in 
paragraphs (c)(3) through (5) of this section for all the remaining 
engine-idle operating points. If the malfunction occurred during a test 
interval, void that test interval.
    (v) If any idle test intervals are voided, repeat the steps in 
paragraphs (c)(3) through (5) of this section for each of the voided 
engine-idle operating points.
    (8) Correct the measured or calculated mean fuel mass flow rate, 
mifuel at each of the engine-idle operating points to 
account for mass-specific net energy content as described in paragraph 
(b)(13) of this section.
    (d) Steady-state fuel maps used for cycle-average fuel mapping of 
the cruise cycles. Determine fuel-consumption rates for each engine 
configuration over a series of steady-state engine operating points 
near idle as described in this paragraph (d). You may use shared data 
across an engine platform to the extent that the fuel-consumption rates 
remain valid.
    (1) Perform steady-state fuel mapping as described in paragraph (b) 
of this section with the following exceptions:
    (i) All the required steady-state engine operating points as 
described in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section are optional.
    (ii) Select speed setpoints to cover the range of idle speeds 
expected as follows:
    (A) The minimum number of speed setpoints is two.
    (B) For engines with an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint, the 
minimum speed setpoint must be equal to the minimum warm idle speed, 
[fnof]nidlemin, and the maximum speed setpoint must be equal 
to or greater than the maximum warm idle speed, 
[fnof]nidlemax. The

[[Page 28203]]

minimum speed setpoint for engines without an adjustable warm idle 
speed setpoint, must be equal to the warm idle speed (with zero torque 
on the primary output shaft), [fnof]nidle, and the maximum 
speed setpoint must be equal to or greater than 1.15 times the warm 
idle speed, [fnof]nidle.
    (iii) Select torque setpoints at each speed setpoint to cover the 
range of idle torques expected as follows:
    (A) The minimum number of torque setpoints at each speed setpoint 
is three. Note that you must meet the minimum torque spacing 
requirements described in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section.
    (B) The minimum torque setpoint at each speed setpoint is zero.
    (C) The maximum torque setpoint at each speed setpoint must be 
greater than or equal to the estimated maximum torque at warm idle (in-
drive) conditions, Tidlemaxest, using the following 
equation. For engines with an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint, 
evaluate Tidlemaxest at the maximum warm idle speed, 
[fnof]nidlemax. For engines without an adjustable warm idle 
speed setpoint, use the warm idle speed (with zero torque on the 
primary output shaft), [fnof]nidle.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.022

Where:

Tfnstall = the maximum engine torque at 
[fnof]nstall.
[fnof]nidle = the applicable engine idle speed as 
described in this paragraph (d).
[fnof]nstall = the stall speed of the torque converter; 
use [fnof]ntest or 2250 rpm, whichever is lower.
Pacc = accessory power for the vehicle class; use 1500 W 
for Vocational Light HDV, 2500 W for Vocational Medium HDV, and 3500 
W for Tractors and Vocational Heavy HDV.

Example:

Tfnstall = 1870 N[middot]m
[fnof]ntest = 1740.8 r/min = 182.30 rad/s
[fnof]nstall = 1740.8 r/min = 182.30 rad/s
[fnof]nidle = 700 r/min = 73.30 rad/s
Pacc = 1500 W
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.023

    (2) Remove the points from the default map that are below 115% of 
the maximum speed and 115% of the maximum torque of the boundaries of 
the points measured in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (3) Add the points measured in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (e) Carbon balance verification. The provisions related to carbon 
balance verification in Sec.  1036.543 apply to test intervals in this 
section.
    (f) Correction for net energy content. Correct the measured or 
calculated mean fuel mass flow rate, mifuel at each engine 
operating condition as specified in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of 
this section to a mass-specific net energy content of a reference fuel 
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.024

Where:

Emfuelmeas = the mass-specific net energy content of the 
test fuel as determined in Sec.  1036.530(b)(1).
EmfuelCref = the reference value of carbon-mass-specific 
net energy content for the appropriate fuel. Use the values shown in 
Table 1 of Sec.  1036.530 for the designated fuel types, or values 
we approve for other fuel types.
wCref = the reference value of carbon mass fraction for 
the test fuel as shown in Table 1 of Sec.  1036.530 for the 
designated fuels. For other fuels, use the reference carbon mass 
fraction of diesel fuel for engines subject to compression-ignition 
standards, and use the reference carbon mass fraction of gasoline 
for engines subject to spark-ignition standards.

Example:

 mifuel = 0.933 g/s
Emfuelmeas = 42.7984 MJ/kgC
EmfuelCref = 49.3112 MJ/kgC
wCref = 0.874
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.025

    (g) Measured v. declared fuel-consumption rates. Select fuel-
consumption rates in g/s to characterize the engine's fuel maps. These 
declared values may not be lower than any corresponding measured values 
determined in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section. This includes 
if you use multiple measurement methods as allowed in paragraph (b)(7) 
of this section. You may select any value that is at or above the 
corresponding measured value. These declared fuel-consumption rates, 
which serve as emission standards under Sec.  1036.108, are the values 
that vehicle manufacturers will use for certification under 40 CFR part 
1037. Note that production engines are subject to GEM cycle-weighted 
limits as described in Sec.  1036.301. If you perform the carbon 
balance error verification in Sec.  1036.543, for each fuel map data 
point:
    (1) If you pass the [epsi]rC verification, you must 
declare fuel-consumption rates no lower than the average of the direct 
and indirect fuel measurements.
    (2) If you pass either the [epsi]aC verification or 
[epsi]aCrate verification and fail the [epsi]rC 
verification, you must declare fuel-consumption rates no lower than the 
indirect fuel measurement.
    (3) If you don't pass the [epsi]rC, [epsi]aC, 
and [epsi]aCrate verifications, you must declare fuel-
consumption rates no lower than the highest rate for the direct and 
indirect fuel measurements.

[[Page 28204]]

0
115. Amend Sec.  1036.540 by revising paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1036.540  Determining cycle-average engine fuel maps.

* * * * *
    (c) Create engine duty cycles. Use GEM to simulate several 
different vehicle configurations to create transient and highway cruise 
engine duty cycles corresponding to each vehicle configuration, as 
follows:
    (1) Set up GEM to simulate vehicle operation based on your engine's 
torque maps, steady-state fuel maps, engine minimum warm-idle speed and 
fuel consumption at idle as described in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of 
this section, as well as 40 CFR 1065.405(b). For engines without an 
adjustable warm idle speed replace minimum warm idle speed with warm 
idle speed, fnidle.
    (2) Set up GEM with transmission parameters for different vehicle 
service classes and vehicle duty cycles as described in Table 1 of this 
section. For automatic transmissions set neutral idle to ``Y'' in the 
vehicle file. These values are based on automatic or automated manual 
transmissions, but they apply for all transmission types.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.026

    (3) Run GEM for each simulated vehicle configuration as follows:

[[Page 28205]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.027

Where:

fn[speed] = engine's angular speed as determined in 
paragraph (c)(3)(ii) or (iii) of this section.
ktopgear = transmission gear ratio in the highest 
available gear from Table 1 of this section (for powertrain testing 
use actual top gear ratio).
vref = reference speed. Use 65 mi/hr for the transient 
cycle and the 65 mi/hr highway cruise cycle, and use 55 mi/hr for 
the 55 mi/hr highway cruise cycle.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.028

Example:

This example is for a vocational Light HDV or vocational Medium HDV 
with a 6-speed automatic transmission at B speed (Test 3 or 4 in Table 
2 of this section).

fnrefB = 1870 r/min = 31.17 r/s
kaB = 4.0
ktopgear = 0.61
vref = 65 mi/hr = 29.06 m/s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.029

    (ii) Test at least eight different vehicle configurations for 
engines that will be installed in vocational Light HDV or vocational 
Medium HDV using vehicles in Table 2 of this section. For example, if 
your engines will be installed in vocational Medium HDV and vocational 
Heavy HDV, you might select Tests 2, 4, 6, and 8 of Table 2 of this 
section to represent vocational Heavy HDV and Tests 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 
of Table 3 of this section to represent vocational Medium HDV. You may 
test your engine using additional vehicle configurations with different 
ka and Crr values to represent a wider range of 
in-use vehicle configurations. For all vehicle configurations set the 
drive axle configuration to 4x2. For powertrain testing, set 
Mrotating to 340 kg and Effaxle to 0.955 for all 
test configurations. Set the axle ratio, ka, and tire size,

[[Page 28206]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.030

for each test configuration based on the corresponding designated 
engine speed (A, B, C, or fntest) at 65 mi/hr for the 
transient cycle and the 65 mi/hr highway cruise cycle, and at 55 mi/hr 
for the 55 mi/hr highway cruise cycle. These vehicle speeds apply 
equally for engines subject to spark-ignition standards. Use the 
following settings specific to each vehicle configuration:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.031

    (iii) Test nine different vehicle configurations for engines that 
will be installed in vocational Heavy HDV and for tractors that are not 
heavy-haul tractors. Test six different test configurations for heavy-
haul tractors. You may test your engines for additional configurations 
with different ka, CdA, and Crr values 
to represent a wider range of in-use vehicle configurations. Set 
Crr to 6.9 for all nine defined test configurations. For 
class 7 and 8 vehicle configurations set the drive axle configuration 
to 4x2 and 6x4 respectively. For powertrain testing, set 
Effaxle to 0.955 for all test configurations. Set the axle 
ratio, ka, and tire size,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.174

for each test configuration based on the corresponding designated 
engine speed (B, fntest, or the minimum NTE exclusion speed 
as determined in 40 CFR 86.1370(b)(1)) at 65 mi/hr for the transient 
duty cycle and the 65 mi/hr highway cruise duty cycle, and at 55 mi/hr 
for the 55 mi/hr highway cruise duty cycle. Use the settings specific 
to each test configuration as shown in Table 3 or Table 4 of this 
section, as appropriate. Engines subject to testing under both Table 3 
and Table 4 of this section need not repeat overlapping test 
configurations, so complete fuel mapping requires testing 12 (not 15) 
test configurations for those engines. However, this does not apply if 
you choose to create two separate maps from the vehicles configurations 
defined in Table 3 and Table 4 of this section. Note that 
Mrotating is needed for powertrain testing but not for 
engine testing. Tables 3 and 4 follow:

[[Page 28207]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.032

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.033

    (iv) If the engine will be installed in a combination of vehicles 
defined in paragraphs (ii) and (iii) of this section, use good 
engineering judgment to select at least nine test configurations from 
Table 2 and Table 3 of this section that best represent the range of 
vehicles your engine will be sold in. If there are not nine 
representative configurations you must add vehicles, that you define, 
to reach a total of at least nine vehicles. For example, if your 
engines will be installed in vocational Medium HDV and vocational Heavy 
HDV, select Tests 2, 4, 6, and 8 of Table 2 of this section to 
represent Medium HDV and Tests 3, 6, and 9 of Table 3 of this section 
to represent vocational Heavy HDV and add two more vehicles that you 
define. You may test your engine using additional vehicle 
configurations with different ka and Crr values 
to represent a wider range of in-use vehicle configurations.
    (v) Use the defined values in Tables 1 through 4 of this section to 
set up GEM with the correct regulatory subcategory and vehicle weight 
reduction, if applicable, to achieve the target vehicle mass, M, for 
each test.
    (4) Use the GEM output of instantaneous engine speed and engine 
flywheel torque for each of the vehicle configurations to generate a 10 
Hz transient duty cycle corresponding to each vehicle configuration 
operating over each vehicle duty cycle.
    (d) Test the engine with GEM cycles. Test the engine over each of 
the transient engine duty cycles generated in paragraph (c) of this 
section as follows:
    (1) Determine the sequence of engine duty cycles (both required and 
optional) for the cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence as follows:
    (i) Sort the list of engine duty cycles into three separate groups 
by vehicle duty cycle; transient vehicle duty cycle, 55 mi/hr highway 
cruise duty cycle, and the 65 mi/hr highway cruise duty cycle.

[[Page 28208]]

    (ii) Within each group of engine duty cycles derived from the same 
vehicle duty cycle, order the duty cycles as follows: Select the engine 
duty cycle with the highest reference cycle work; followed by the cycle 
with the lowest cycle work; followed by the cycle with next highest 
cycle work; followed by the cycle with the next lowest cycle work; 
until all the cycles are selected.
    (iii) For each engine duty cycle, preconditioning cycles will be 
needed to start the cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence.
    (A) For the first and second cycle in each sequence, the two 
preconditioning cycles are the first cycle in the sequence, the 
transient vehicle duty cycle with the highest reference cycle work. 
This cycle is run twice for preconditioning prior to starting the 
sequence for either of the first two cycles.
    (B) For all other cycles, the two preconditioning cycles are the 
previous two cycles in the sequence.
    (2) If the engine has an adjustable warm idle speed setpoint, set 
it to its minimum value, [fnof]nidlemin.
    (3) During each test interval, control speed and torque to meet the 
cycle validation criteria in 40 CFR 1065.514, except as noted in this 
paragraph (d)(3). If the range of reference speeds is less than 10 
percent of the mean reference speed, you only need to meet the standard 
error of estimate in Table 2 of 40 CFR 1065.514 for the speed 
regression.
    (4) Warm-up the engine as described in 40 CFR 1065.510(b)(2).
    (5) Transition between duty cycles as follows:
    (i) For transient duty cycles, start the next cycle within 5 
seconds after the conclusion of the preceeding cycle.
    (ii) For cruise cycles, linearly ramp to the next cycle over 5 
seconds and stabilize for 15 seconds prior to starting the next cycle.
    (6) Operate the engine over the engine duty cycle and record 
measurements using one of the methods described in (d)(6)(i) or (ii) of 
this section. You must also measure and report NOX emissions 
over each test interval as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this 
section. If you use redundant systems for the determination of fuel 
consumption, for example combining measurements of dilute and raw 
emissions when generating your map, follow the requirements of 40 CFR 
1065.201(d).
    (i) Indirect measurement of fuel flow. Record speed and torque and 
measure emissions and other inputs needed to run the chemical balance 
in 40 CFR 1065.655(c) for the test interval defined by the first engine 
duty cycle; determine the corresponding mean values for the test 
interval. We will use an average of indirect measurement of fuel flow 
with dilute sampling and direct sampling. For dilute sampling of 
emissions, in addition to the background measurement provisions 
described in 40 CFR 1065.140, you may do the following:
    (A) Measure background as described in Sec.  1036.535(b)(7)(i)(A) 
but read the background as described in paragraph (d)(9)(i) of this 
section.
    (B) Measure background as described in Sec.  1036.535(b)(7)(i)(B) 
but read the background as described in paragraph (d)(9)(i) of this 
section.
    (ii) Direct measurement of fuel flow. Record speed and torque and 
measure fuel consumption with a fuel flow meter for the test interval 
defined by the first engine duty cycle; determine the corresponding 
mean values for the test interval.
    (7) Repeat the steps in paragraph (d)(6) of this section for all 
the remaining engine duty cycles.
    (8) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(4) through (7) of this 
section for all the applicable groups of duty cycles (e.g., transient 
vehicle duty cycle, 55 mi/hr highway cruise duty cycle, and the 65 mi/
hr highway cruise duty cycle).
    (9) The following provisions apply for interruptions in the cycle-
average-fuel-mapping sequence. These provisions are intended to produce 
results equivalent to running the sequence without interruption.
    (i) You may pause the cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence after 
each test interval to calibrate emission-measurement instrumentation, 
to read and evacuate background bag samples collected over the course 
of multiple test intervals, or to sample the dilution air for 
background emissions. This provision requires you to shut-down the 
engine during the pause. If the pause is longer than 30 minutes, 
restart the engine and restart the cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence 
at the step in paragraph (d)(4) of this section. Otherwise, restart the 
engine and restart the cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence at the step 
in paragraph (d)(5) of this section.
    (ii) If an infrequent regeneration event occurs, interrupt the 
cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence and allow the regeneration event to 
finish. You may continue to operate the engine over the engine duty 
cycle where the event began or, using good engineering judgement, you 
may transition to another operating condition to reduce the 
regeneration event duration.
    (A) Determine which cycles in the sequence to void as follows:
    (1) If the regeneration event began during a test interval, the 
cycle associated with that test interval must be voided.
    (2) If you used dilute sampling to measure emissions and you used 
batch sampling to measure background emissions that were sampled 
periodically into the bag over the course of multiple test intervals 
and you are unable to read the background bag (e.g., sample volume too 
small), void all cycles associated with that background bag.
    (3) If you used dilute sampling to measure emissions and you used 
the option to sample periodically from the dilution air and you did not 
meet all the requirements for this option as described in paragraph 
(d)(6)(i)(B) of this section, void all cycles associated with those 
background readings.
    (4) If the regeneration event began during a non-test-interval 
period of the sequence and the provisions in paragraphs 
(d)(9)(ii)(A)(2) and (3) of this section do not apply, you do not need 
to void any cycles.
    (B) Determine the cycle to restart the sequence. Identify the cycle 
associated with the last valid test interval. The next cycle in the 
sequence is the cycle to be used to restart the sequence.
    (C) Once the regeneration event is finished, restart the sequence 
at the cycle determined in paragraph (d)(9)(ii)(B) of this section 
instead of the first cycle of the sequence. If the engine is not 
already warm, restart the sequence at paragraph (d)(4) of this section. 
Otherwise, restart at paragraph (d)(5) of this section.
    (iii) If the cycle-average-fuel-mapping sequence is interrupted due 
to test equipment or engine malfunction, correct the malfunction and 
follow the steps in paragraphs (d)(9)(ii)(A) through (C) of this 
section to restart the sequence. Treat the detection of the malfunction 
as the beginning of the regeneration event.
    (iv) If any test interval in the cycle-average-fuel-mapping 
sequence is voided, you must rerun that test interval as described in 
this paragraph (d)(9)(iv). You may rerun the whole sequence or any 
contiguous part of the sequence. If you end up with multiple valid test 
intervals for a given cycle, use the last valid test interval for 
determining the cycle-average fuel map. If the engine has been shut-
down for more than 30 minutes or if it is not already warm, restart the 
sequence at paragraph (d)(4) of this section. Otherwise, restart at 
paragraph (d)(5) of this section. Repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(6) 
and (d)(7) of this section until you complete the whole sequence or 
part of the sequence.

[[Page 28209]]

The following examples illustrate possible scenarios for completing 
only part of the sequence:
    (A) If you voided only the test interval associated with the fourth 
cycle in the sequence, you may restart the sequence using the second 
and third cycles as the preconditioning cycles and stop after 
completing the test interval associated with the fourth cycle.
    (B) If you voided the test intervals associated with the fourth and 
sixth cycles, you may restart the sequence using the second and third 
cycles as the preconditioning cycles and stop after completing the test 
interval associated with the sixth cycle. If the test interval 
associated with the fifth cycle in this sequence was valid, it must be 
used for determining the cycle-average fuel map instead of the original 
one.
    (10) For plug-in hybrid engines, precondition the battery and then 
complete all back-to-back tests for each test configuration according 
to 40 CFR 1066.501 before moving to the next test configuration.
    (11) You may send signals to the engine controller during the test, 
such as current transmission gear and vehicle speed, if that allows 
engine operation during the test to better represent in-use operation.
    (12) For hybrid powertrains with no plug-in capability, correct for 
the net energy change of the energy storage device as described in 40 
CFR 1066.501. For plug-in hybrid engines, follow 40 CFR 1066.501 to 
determine End-of-Test for charge-depleting operation; to do this, you 
must get our advance approval for a utility factor curve. We will 
approve your utility factor curve if you can show that you created it 
from sufficient in-use data of vehicles in the same application as the 
vehicles in which the PHEV engine will be installed.
    (13) Calculate the fuel mass flow rate, mfuel, for each 
duty cycle using one of the following equations:
    (i) Determine fuel-consumption rates using emission measurements 
from the raw or diluted exhaust, calculate the mass of fuel for each 
duty cycle, mfuel[cycle], as follows:
    (A) For calculations that use continuous measurement of emissions 
and continuous CO2 from urea, calculate 
mfuel[cycle] using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.034

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
wCmeas = carbon mass fraction of fuel (or mixture of test 
fuels) as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(d), except that you may not 
use the default properties in Table 1 of 40 CFR 1065.655 to 
determine [alpha], [beta], and wC for liquid fuels.
i = an indexing variable that represents one recorded emission 
value.
N = total number of measurements over the duty cycle.
nexh = exhaust molar flow rate from which you measured 
emissions.
xCcombdry = amount of carbon from fuel and any injected 
fluids in the exhaust per mole of dry exhaust as determined in 40 
CFR 1065.655(c).
xH2Oexhdry = amount of H2O in exhaust per mole 
of exhaust as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(c).
[Delta]t = 1/[fnof]record.
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.
mCO2DEFi = mass emission rate of CO2 resulting 
from diesel exhaust fluid decomposition over the duty cycle as 
determined from Sec.  1036.535(b)(10). If your engine does not 
utilize diesel exhaust fluid for emission control, or if you choose 
not to perform this correction, set mCO2DEFi equal to 0.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
wCmeas = 0.867
N = 6680
nexh1 = 2.876 mol/s
nexh2 = 2.224 mol/s
xCcombdry1 = 2.61[middot]10-\3\ mol/mol
xCcombdry2 = 1.91[middot]10-\3\ mol/mol
xH2Oexh1 = 3.53[middot]10-\2\ mol/mol
xH2Oexh2 = 3.13[middot]10-\2\ mol/mol
[fnof]record = 10 Hz
[Delta]t = 1/10 = 0.1 s
MCO2 = 44.0095 g/mol
mCO2DEF1 = 0.0726 g/s
mCO2DEF2= 0.0751 g/s

[[Page 28210]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.035

    (C) If you measure continuous emissions and batch CO2 
from urea, calculate mfuel[cycle] using the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.036

    (ii) Manufacturers may choose to measure fuel mass flow rate. 
Calculate the mass of fuel for each duty cycle, 
mfuel[cycle], as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.037

Where:

i = an indexing variable that represents one recorded value.
N = total number of measurements over the duty cycle. For batch fuel 
mass measurements, set N = 1.
mfueli = the fuel mass flow rate, for each point, i, 
starting from i = 1.
[Delta]t = 1/[fnof]record.
[fnof]record = the data recording frequency.

[[Page 28211]]

Example:

N = 6680
mfuel1 = 1.856 g/s
mfuel2 = 1.962 g/s
frecord = 10 Hz
[Delta]t = 1/10 = 0.1 s
mfueltransient = (1.856 + 1.962 +. . .+ 
mfuel6680)[middot]0.1
mfueltransient = 111.95 g

    (14) The provisions related to carbon balance verification in Sec.  
1036.543 apply to test intervals in this section.
    (15) Correct the measured or calculated fuel mass flow rate, 
mfuel for each test result to a mass-specific net energy 
content of a reference fuel as described in Sec.  1036.535(e), 
replacing mifuel with mfuel in Eq. 1036.535-4.
    (16) For engines designed for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the 
mass of fuel for each cycle, mfuel[cycle], is the utility 
factor-weighted fuel mass. This is done by calculating mfuel 
for the full charge-depleting and charge-sustaining portions of the 
test and weighting the results, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.038

Where:

mfuel[cycle],CD = total mass of fuel for all the tests in 
the charge-depleting portion of the test.
UFD,CD = utility factor fraction at distance 
DCD as determined by interpolating the approved utility 
factor curve.
mfuel[cycle],CS = total mass of fuel for all the tests in 
the charge-sustaining portion of the test.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.039

Where:

v = vehicle velocity at each time step. For tests completed under 
this section, v is the vehicle velocity in the GEM duty-cycle file. 
For tests under 40 CFR 1037.550, v is the vehicle velocity as 
determined by Eq. 1037.550-1. Note that this should include complete 
and incomplete charge-depleting tests.

    (e) Determine GEM inputs. Use the results of engine testing in 
paragraph (d) of this section to determine the GEM inputs for the 
transient duty cycle and optionally for each of the highway cruise 
cycles corresponding to each simulated vehicle configuration as 
follows:
    (1) Your declared fuel mass consumption, mfueltransient. 
Using the calculated fuel mass consumption values described in 
paragraph (d) of this section, declare values using the method 
described in Sec.  1036.535(g).
    (2) Engine output speed per unit vehicle speed,
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.040
    

by taking the average engine speed measured during the engine test 
while the vehicle is moving and dividing it by the average vehicle 
speed provided by GEM. Note that the engine cycle created by GEM has a 
flag to indicate when the vehicle is moving.
    (3) Positive work determined according to 40 CFR 1065, 
Wtransient, by using the engine speed and engine torque 
measured during the engine test while the vehicle is moving. Note that 
the engine cycle created by GEM has a flag to indicate when the vehicle 
is moving.
    (4) The following table illustrates the GEM data inputs 
corresponding to the different vehicle configurations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.041

    (5) The engine idle speed and torque, by taking the average engine 
speed and torque measured during the engine test while the vehicle is 
not moving. Note that the engine cycle created by GEM has a flag to 
indicate when the vehicle is moving.
0
116. Add Sec.  1036.543 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.543  Carbon balance error verification.

    A carbon balance error verification compares independent 
assessments of the flow of carbon through the system (engine plus 
aftertreatment). We will, and you may optionally, verify carbon balance 
error according to 40 CFR part 1065.543. This applies to all test 
intervals in Sec.  1036.535 (b), (c), and (d); Sec.  1036.540; and 40 
CFR 1037.550.
* * * * *
0
117. Amend Sec.  1036.701 by revising paragraph (j) to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.701  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (j) Credits you generate with compression-ignition engines in 2020 
and earlier model years may be used in model year 2021 and later as 
follows:
    (1) For credit-generating engines certified to the tractor engine 
standards in Sec.  1036.108, you may use credits calculated relative to 
the tractor engine standards.
    (2) For credit-generating engines certified to the vocational 
engine standards in Sec.  1036.108, you may use credits calculated 
relative to the emission levels in the following table:

[[Page 28212]]

      Table 1 Paragraph (j)--Emission Levels for Credit Calculation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Medium heavy-duty engines            Heavy heavy-duty  engines
------------------------------------------------------------------------
558 g/hp[middot]hr........................  525 g/hp[middot]hr.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
0
118. Amend Sec.  1036.705 by revising paragraph (b)(5) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1036.705  Generating and calculating emission credits.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) You may generate CO2 emission credits from a model 
year 2021 or later medium heavy-duty engine family subject to spark-
ignition standards for exchanging with other engine families only if 
the engines in the family are gasoline-fueled. You may generate 
CO2 credits from non-gasoline engine families only for the 
purpose of offsetting CH4 and/or N2O emissions 
within the same engine family as described in paragraph (d) of this 
section.
* * * * *
0
119. Amend Sec.  1036.801 by revising the definitions for ``Heavy-duty 
vehicle'' and ``Hybrid'' and adding definitions for ``Hybrid engine'' 
and ``Mild hybrid'' in alphabetical order to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.801  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle above 8,500 pounds GVWR. 
An incomplete vehicle is also a heavy-duty vehicle if it has a curb 
weight above 6,000 pounds or a basic vehicle frontal area greater than 
45 square feet. Curb weight and Basic vehicle frontal area have the 
meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803.
    Hybrid means an engine or powertrain that includes energy storage 
features other than a conventional battery system or conventional 
flywheel. Supplemental electrical batteries and hydraulic accumulators 
are examples of hybrid energy storage systems. Note that certain 
provisions in this part treat hybrid engines and hybrid powertrains 
intended for vehicles that include regenerative braking different than 
those intended for vehicles that do not include regenerative braking.
    Hybrid engine means a hybrid system with features for storing and 
recovering energy that are integral to the engine or are otherwise 
upstream of the vehicle's transmission. Hybrid features connected to 
the front end of the engine are known as P0, and hybrid features 
connected to the crankshaft are known as P1.
* * * * *
    Mild hybrid means a hybrid engine or hybrid powertrain with 
regenerative braking capability where the system recovers less than 20 
percent of the total braking energy over the transient cycle defined in 
Appendix I of 40 CFR part 1037.
* * * * *
0
120. Revise Sec.  1036.805 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.805  Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms.

    The procedures in this part generally follow either the 
International System of Units (SI) or the United States customary 
units, as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811 (incorporated by 
reference in Sec.  1036.810). See 40 CFR 1065.20 for specific 
provisions related to these conventions. This section summarizes the 
way we use symbols, units of measure, and other abbreviations.
    (a) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following 
symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Symbol                              Species
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C..................................  carbon.
CH4................................  methane.
CH4N2O.............................  urea.
CO.................................  carbon monoxide.
CO2................................  carbon dioxide.
H2O................................  water.
HC.................................  hydrocarbon.
NMHC...............................  nonmethane hydrocarbon.
NMHCE..............................  nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent.
NO.................................  nitric oxide.
NO2................................  nitrogen dioxide.
NOX................................  oxides of nitrogen.
N2O................................  nitrous oxide.
PM.................................  particulate matter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols 
and units of measure for various quantities:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                             Unit in terms of SI
          Symbol                 Quantity                Unit               Unit symbol           base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[alpha]..................  atomic hydrogen-to-   mole per mole.......  mol/mol.............  1.
                            carbon ratio.
A........................  area................  square meter........  m\2\................  m\2\.
[beta]...................  atomic oxygen-to-     mole per mole.......  mol/mol.............  1.
                            carbon ratio.
CdA......................  drag area...........  meter squared.......  m\2\................  m\2\.
Crr......................  coefficient of        kilogram per metric   kg/tonne............  10-\3\.
                            rolling resistance.   ton.
D........................  distance............  miles or meters.....  mi or m.............  m.
[egr]....................  efficiency..........
[epsi]...................  Difference or error
                            quantity.
e........................  mass weighted         grams/ton-mile......  g/ton-mi............  g/kg-km.
                            emission result.
Eff......................  efficiency..........
Em.......................  mass-specific net     megajoules/kilogram.  MJ/kg...............  m\2\[middot]s-\2\.
                            energy content.
fn.......................  angular speed         revolutions per       r/min...............  [pi][middot]30[midd
                            (shaft).              minute.                                     ot]s-\1\.
g........................  gravitational         meters per second     m/s\2\..............  m[middot]s-\2\.
                            acceleration.         squared.
i........................  indexing variable...
ka.......................  drive axle ratio....  ....................  ....................  1.
ktopgear.................  highest available
                            transmission gear.
m........................  mass................  pound mass or         lbm or kg...........  kg.
                                                  kilogram.
M........................  molar mass..........  gram per mole.......  g/mol...............  10-\3\[middot]
                                                                                              kg[middot]mol-\1\.
M........................  vehicle mass........  kilogram............  kg..................  kg.
Mrotating................  inertial mass of      kilogram............  kg..................  kg.
                            rotating components.
N........................  total number in a
                            series.
P........................  power...............  kilowatt............  kW..................  10\3\[middot]m\2\[m
                                                                                              iddot]kg[middot]s-
                                                                                              \3\.
[rho]....................  mass density........  kilogram per cubic    kg/m\3\.............  m-\3\[middot]kg.
                                                  meter.
r........................  tire radius.........  meter...............  m...................  m.
[sigma]..................  standard deviation..
T........................  torque (moment of     newton meter........  N[middot]m..........  m\2\[middot]kg[midd
                            force).                                                           ot]s-\2\.
t........................  time................  second..............  s...................  s.
[Delta]t.................  time interval,        second..............  s...................  s.
                            period, 1/frequency.

[[Page 28213]]

 
UF.......................  utility factor......
v........................  speed...............  miles per hour or     mi/hr or m/s........  m[middot]s-\1\.
                                                  meters persecond.
W........................  work................  kilowatt-hour.......  kW[middot]hr........  3.6[middot]m\2\[mid
                                                                                              dot]kg[middot]s-
                                                                                              \1\.
wC.......................  carbon mass fraction  gram/gram...........  g/g.................  1.
wCH4N2O..................  urea mass fraction..  gram/gram...........  g/g.................  1.
x........................  amount of substance   mole per mole.......  mol/mol.............  1.
                            mole fraction.
xb.......................  brake energy
                            fraction.
xbl......................  brake energy limit..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                            Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y).......................  arithmetic mean.
overdot (such as y).......................  quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subscript                             Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
65...........................  65 miles per hour.
A............................  A speed.
a............................  absolute (e.g., absolute difference or
                                error).
acc..........................  accessory.
app..........................  approved.
axle.........................  axle.
B............................  B speed.
C............................  C speed.
C............................  carbon mass.
Ccombdry.....................  carbon from fuel per mole of dry exhaust.
CD...........................  charge-depleting.
CO2DEF.......................  CO2 resulting from diesel exhaust fluid
                                decomposition.
comb.........................  combustion.
comp.........................  composite.
cor..........................  corrected.
CS...........................  charge-sustaining.
cycle........................  test cycle.
DEF..........................  diesel exhaust fluid.
engine.......................  engine.
exh..........................  raw exhaust.
front........................  frontal.
fuel.........................  fuel.
H2Oexhaustdry................  H2O in exhaust per mole of exhaust.
hi...........................  high.
i............................  an individual of a series.
idle.........................  idle.
m............................  mass.
max..........................  maximum.
mapped.......................  mapped.
meas.........................  measured quantity.
neg..........................  negative.
pos..........................  positive.
r............................  relative (e.g., relative difference or
                                error).
rate.........................  rate (divided by time).
rated........................  rated.
record.......................  record.
ref..........................  reference quantity.
speed........................  speed.
stall........................  stall.
test.........................  test.
tire.........................  tire.
transient....................  transient.
[mu].........................  vector.
vehicle......................  vehicle.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following 
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABT..........................  averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD.........................  auxiliary emission control device.

[[Page 28214]]

 
ASTM.........................  American Society for Testing and
                                Materials.
BTU..........................  British thermal units.
CD...........................  charge-depleting.
CFR..........................  Code of Federal Regulations.
CI...........................  compression ignition.
COV..........................  coefficient of variation.
CS...........................  charge-sustaining.
DEF..........................  diesel exhaust fluid.
DF...........................  deterioration factor.
DOT..........................  Department of Transportation.
E85..........................  gasoline blend including nominally 85
                                percent denatured ethanol.
EPA..........................  Environmental Protection Agency.
FCL..........................  Family Certification Level.
FEL..........................  Family Emission Limit.
GEM..........................  Greenhouse gas Emissions Model.
g/hp[middot]hr...............  grams per brake horsepower-hour.
GVWR.........................  gross vehicle weight rating.
HDV..........................  heavy-duty vehicle.
LPG..........................  liquefied petroleum gas.
NARA.........................  National Archives and Records
                                Administration.
NHTSA........................  National Highway Traffic Safety
                                Administration.
NTE..........................  not-to-exceed.
RESS.........................  rechargeable energy storage system.
RMC..........................  ramped-modal cycle.
rpm..........................  revolutions per minute.
SCR..........................  Selective catalytic reduction.
SI...........................  spark ignition.
U.S..........................  United States.
U.S.C........................  United States Code.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) Constants. This part uses the following constants:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Symbol                Quantity                    Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
g..................  gravitational constant.  9.81 m[middot]s-2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (g) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixes to define a 
quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Symbol                Quantity                    Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[mu]...............  micro..................  10-6
m..................  milli..................  10-3
c..................  centi..................  10-2
k..................  kilo...................  103
M..................  mega...................  103
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
121. Revise Sec.  1036.810 to read as follows:

Sec.  1036.810  Incorporation by reference.

    Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with 
the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that 
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must 
publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be 
available to the public. All approved material is available for 
inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information 
Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, 
Washington, DC 20460, www.epa.gov/dockets, (202) 202-1744, and is 
available from the sources listed in the following paragraphs of this 
section. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives 
and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability 
of this material at NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov, or go to 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. (a) American 
Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box 
C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, (877) 909-2786, www.astm.org/.
    (1) ASTM D3588-98 (Reapproved 2017) Standard Practice for 
Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of 
Gaseous Fuels, approved April 1, 2017, (``ASTM D3588''), IBR approved 
for Sec.  1036.530(b).
    (2) ASTM D4809-13, Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of 
Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method), 
approved May 1, 2013, (``ASTM D4809''), IBR approved for Sec.  
1036.530(b).
    (b) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau 
Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, (301) 975-6478, or 
www.nist.gov.
    (1) NIST Special Publication 811, Guide for the Use of the 
International System of Units (SI), 2008 Edition, March 2008, IBR 
approved for Sec.  1036.805.
    (2) [Reserved]

Appendix I to Part 1036--[Redesignated]

0
122. Redesignate Appendix I to part 1036 as Appendix III to part 1036 
and add a new Appendix I to part 1306 to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 1036--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

    The following standards, which EPA originally adopted under 40 
CFR part 85 or part 86, apply to compression-ignition engines 
produced before model year 2007 and to spark-ignition engines 
produced before model year 2008:
    (a) Smoke. Smoke standards applied for compression-ignition 
engines based on opacity measurement using the test procedures in 40 
CFR part 86, subpart I, as follows:
    (1) Engines were subject to the following smoke standards for 
model years 1970 through 1973:
    (i) 40 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
    (ii) 20 percent during the engine lugging mode.
    (2) The smoke standards in 40 CFR 86.11 started to apply in 
model year 1974.
    (b) Idle CO. A standard of 0.5 percent of exhaust gas flow at 
curb idle applied through model year 2016 to the following engines:
    (1) Spark-ignition engines with aftertreatment starting in model 
year 1987. This standard applied only for gasoline-fueled engines 
through model year 1997. Starting in model year 1998, the same 
standard applied for engines fueled by methanol, LPG, and natural 
gas. The idle CO standard no longer applied for engines certified to 
meet onboard diagnostic requirements starting in model year 2005.

[[Page 28215]]

    (2) Methanol-fueled compression-ignition engines starting in 
model year 1990. This standard also applied for natural gas and LPG 
engines starting in model year 1997. The idle CO standard no longer 
applied for engines certified to meet onboard diagnostic 
requirements starting in model year 2007.
    (c) Crankcase emissions. The requirement to design engines to 
prevent crankcase emissions applied starting with the following 
engines:
    (1) Spark-ignition engines starting in model year 1968. This 
standard applied only for gasoline-fueled engines through model year 
1989, and applied for spark-ignition engines using other fuels 
starting in model year 1990.
    (2) Naturally aspirated diesel-fueled engines starting in model 
year 1985.
    (3) Methanol-fueled compression-ignition engines starting in 
model year 1990.
    (4) Naturally aspirated gaseous-fueled engines starting in model 
year 1997, and all other gaseous-fueled engines starting in 1998.
    (d) Early steady-state standards. The following criteria 
standards applied to heavy-duty engines based on steady-state 
measurement procedures:

               Table 1 to Appendix I--Early Steady-State Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                               Pollutant
           Model year                    Fuel        -----------------------------------------------------------
                                                              HC               NOX + HC               CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1970-1973.......................  gasoline..........  275 ppm...........  ..................  1.5 volume
                                                                                               percent.
1974-1978.......................  gasoline and        ..................  16 g/hp[middot]hr.  40 g/hp[middot]hr
                                   diesel.
1979-1984 \a\...................  gasoline and        ..................  5 g/hp[middot]hr    25 g/hp[middot]hr
                                   diesel.                                 for diesel 0 g/
                                                                           hp[middot]hr for
                                                                           gasoline.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ An optional NOX + HC standard of 10 g/hp[middot]hr applied in 1979 through 1984 in conjunction with a
  separate HC standard of 1.5 g/hp[middot]hr.

    (e) Transient emission standards for spark-ignition engines. The 
following criteria standards applied for spark-ignition engines 
based on transient measurement using the test procedures in 40 CFR 
part 86, subpart N. Starting in model year 1991, manufacturers could 
generate or use emission credits for NOX and 
NOX + NMHC standards. Table 2 follows:

               Table 2 to Appendix I--Transient Emission Standards for Spark-Ignition Engines a b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    Pollutant  (g/hp[middot]hr)
                   Model year                    ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        HC              CO              NOX         NOX + NMHC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1985-1987.......................................             1.1            14.4            10.6  ..............
1988-1990.......................................             1.1            14.4             6.0  ..............
1991-1997.......................................             1.1            14.4             5.0  ..............
1998-2004 \c\...................................             1.1            14.4             4.0  ..............
2005-2007.......................................  ..............            14.4  ..............         \d\ 1.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Standards applied only for gasoline-fueled engines through model year 1989. Standards started to apply for
  methanol in model year 1990, and for LPG and natural gas in model year 1998.
\b\ Engines intended for installation only in heavy-duty vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR were subject to an HC
  standard of 1.9 g/hp[middot]hr for model years 1987 through 2004, and a CO standard of 37.1 g/hp[middot]hr for
  model years 1987 through 2007. In addition, for model years 1987 through 2007, up to 5 percent of a
  manufacturer's sales of engines intended for installation in heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds
  GVWR could be certified to the alternative HC and CO standards.
\c\ For natural gas engines in model years 1998 through 2004, the NOX standard was 5.0 g/hp[middot]hr; the HC
  standards were 1.7 g/hp[middot]hr for engines intended for installation only in vehicles above 14,000 pounds
  GVWR, and 0.9 g/hp[middot]hr for other engines.
\d\ Manufacturers could delay the 1.0 g/hp[middot]hr NOX + NMHC standard until model year 2008 by meeting an
  alternate NOX + NMHC standard of 1.5 g/hp[middot]hr applied for model years 2004 through 2007.

    (f) Transient emission standards for compression-ignition 
engines. The following criteria standards applied for compression-
ignition engines based on transient measurement using the test 
procedures in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N. Starting in model year 
1991, manufacturers could generate or use emission credits for 
NOX, NOX + NMHC, and PM standards. Table 3 
follows:

            Table 3 to Appendix I--Transient Emission Standards for Compression-Ignition Engines \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Pollutant  (g/hp[middot]hr)
          Model year           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      HC              CO              NOX         NOX + NMHC           PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1985-1987.....................             1.3            15.5            10.7
1988-1989.....................             1.3            15.5            10.7  ..............  0.60
1990..........................             1.3            15.5             6.0  ..............  0.60.
1991-1992.....................             1.3            15.5             5.0  ..............  0.25
1993..........................             1.3            15.5             5.0  ..............  0.25 truck, 0.10
                                                                                                 bus.
1994-1995.....................             1.3            15.5             5.0  ..............  0.10 truck, 0.07
                                                                                                 urban bus.
1996-1997.....................             1.3            15.5             5.0  ..............  0.10 truck, 0.05
                                                                                                 urban bus.\b\
1998-2003.....................             1.3            15.5             4.0  ..............  0.10 truck, 0.05
                                                                                                 urban bus.\b\
2004-2006.....................  ..............            15.5  ..............         \c\ 2.4  0.10 truck, 0.05
                                                                                                 urban bus.\b\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Standards applied only for diesel-fueled engines through model year 1989. Standards started to apply for
  methanol in model year 1990, and for LPG and natural gas in model year 1997. An alternate HC standard of 1.2 g/
  hp[middot]hr applied for natural gas engines for model years 1997 through 2003.
\b\ The in-use PM standard for urban bus engines in model years 1996 through 2006 was 0.07 g/hp[middot]hr.
\c\ An optional NOX + NMHC standard of 2.5 g/hp[middot]hr applied in 2004 through 2006 in conjunction with a
  separate NMHC standard of 0.5 g/hp[middot]hr.

[[Page 28216]]

0
123. Add Appendix II to Part 1036 to read as follows:

Appendix II to Part 1036--Transient Duty Cycles

    (a) This appendix specifies transient duty cycles for the engine 
and powertrain testing described in Sec.  1036.510, as follows:
    (1) The transient duty cycle for testing engines involves a 
schedule of normalized engine speed and torque values.
    (2) The transient duty cycle for powertrain testing involves a 
schedule of vehicle speeds and road grade. Determine road grade at 
each point based on the peak rated power of the powertrain system, 
Prated, determined in Sec.  1036.527 and road grade 
coefficients using the following equation:

Road grade = a[middot]P\2\rated + b[middot]Prated + c

    (b) The following transient duty cycle applies for spark-
ignition engines and powertrains:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Engine testing                                Powertrain testing
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Normalized                                                Road grade coefficients
                    Record (seconds)                        revolutions     Normalized     Vehicle speed -----------------------------------------------
                                                            per minute        torque          (mi/hr)
                                                             (percent)       (percent)                           a               b               c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
2.......................................................               0               0               0         20.0E-6        -18.7E-3          2.2E+0
3.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
4.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
5.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
6.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
7.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
8.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
9.......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
10......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
11......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
12......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
13......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
14......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
15......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
16......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
17......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
18......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
19......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
20......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
21......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
22......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
23......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
24......................................................               0               0               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
25......................................................            7.00           44.40               0         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
26......................................................           16.00           85.40            3.04         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
27......................................................           27.00           97.80            5.59         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
28......................................................           38.00          100.00            8.37         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
29......................................................           45.00          100.00           11.06         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
30......................................................           51.00          100.00           13.63         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
31......................................................           54.00           97.50           15.87         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
32......................................................           53.00           90.00           18.09         30.0E-6        -28.1E-3          3.3E+0
33......................................................           49.00           75.20           20.66         10.0E-6         -9.4E-3          1.1E+0
34......................................................           45.00           50.00           22.26        -10.0E-6          9.4E-3         -1.1E+0
35......................................................           40.00           10.00           22.08        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
36......................................................           34.00            2.30           20.58        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
37......................................................           27.00               0           18.65        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
38......................................................           21.00            2.30           16.50        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
39......................................................           16.00           12.00           14.19        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
40......................................................           12.00           35.30           11.65        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
41......................................................            8.50            4.90            9.16        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
42......................................................            5.00             (a)            8.01        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
43......................................................            3.00             (a)            6.86        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
44......................................................               0               0            3.19        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
45......................................................               0               0               0        -30.0E-6         28.1E-3         -3.3E+0
46......................................................               0               0               0        -17.4E-6         16.2E-3         -2.1E+0
47......................................................               0               0               0         -4.8E-6          4.4E-3       -817.8E-3
48......................................................               0               0               0          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
49......................................................               0               0               0          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
50......................................................               0               0               0          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
51......................................................            3.00           10.00            1.05          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
52......................................................           11.00           40.20            2.13          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
53......................................................           20.00           53.00            3.26          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
54......................................................           27.50           64.80            4.31          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
55......................................................           32.00           78.00            5.35          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
56......................................................           32.00           78.00            6.38          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
57......................................................           27.50           56.00            7.42          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
58......................................................           26.00           24.40            8.45          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
59......................................................           24.00             (a)            9.43          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
60......................................................           23.00             (a)           10.18          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3

[[Page 28217]]

 
61......................................................           24.00             (a)           10.71          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
62......................................................           27.00             (a)           11.10          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
63......................................................           34.00             (a)           11.62          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
64......................................................           44.00           28.00           12.44          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
65......................................................           57.00           74.40           13.55          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
66......................................................           60.00           74.40           14.69          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
67......................................................           53.00           33.60           15.42          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
68......................................................           48.00             (a)           16.06          7.8E-6         -7.5E-3        435.2E-3
69......................................................           44.00             (a)           16.64          9.2E-6         -8.9E-3          2.1E+0
70......................................................           40.00             (a)           17.36         10.7E-6        -10.4E-3          3.9E+0
71......................................................           40.00            7.00           17.86         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
72......................................................           44.00           22.70           18.05         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
73......................................................           46.00           30.00           18.09         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
74......................................................           46.00           32.00           18.19         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
75......................................................           44.00           25.00           18.55         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
76......................................................           40.00           18.00           19.04         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
77......................................................           37.00           14.00           19.58         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
78......................................................           36.00           10.00           19.90         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
79......................................................           34.00               0           19.99         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
80......................................................           34.00             (a)           19.85         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
81......................................................           32.00             (a)           19.73         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
82......................................................           31.00             (a)           19.70         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
83......................................................           36.00           39.90           19.84         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
84......................................................           42.00           84.70           20.10         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
85......................................................           48.00           90.00           20.44         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
86......................................................           50.00           90.00           20.98         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
87......................................................           50.00           90.00           21.52         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
88......................................................           47.00           85.00           22.06         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
89......................................................           43.00           75.00           22.24         12.2E-6        -11.9E-3          5.6E+0
90......................................................           38.00           60.00           22.35          4.1E-6         -4.0E-3          1.9E+0
91......................................................           36.00           36.00           22.37         -4.1E-6          4.0E-3         -1.9E+0
92......................................................           36.00            7.50           22.35        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
93......................................................           36.30             (a)           22.27        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
94......................................................           45.00           64.50           22.05        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
95......................................................           53.00           67.00           21.79        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
96......................................................           58.00           64.50           21.50        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
97......................................................           62.00           60.30           21.20        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
98......................................................           63.00           55.50           20.90        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
99......................................................           62.00           52.30           20.59        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
100.....................................................           61.00           47.00           20.42        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
101.....................................................           55.00           44.00           20.25        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
102.....................................................           50.00           39.00           20.07        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
103.....................................................           45.00           36.00           19.75        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
104.....................................................           40.00           34.00           19.38        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
105.....................................................           36.00           30.00           19.00        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
106.....................................................           34.00           25.80           18.61        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
107.....................................................           32.00           20.00           18.20        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
108.....................................................           30.00           14.60           17.75        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
109.....................................................           26.00           10.00           17.27        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
110.....................................................           23.00               0           16.75        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
111.....................................................           18.00             (a)           16.20        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
112.....................................................           16.00             (a)           15.66        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
113.....................................................           18.00             (a)           15.15        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
114.....................................................           20.00           27.60           14.65        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
115.....................................................           17.00            4.00           14.16        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
116.....................................................           14.00             (a)           13.67        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
117.....................................................           12.00             (a)           12.59        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
118.....................................................            9.00             (a)           10.93        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
119.....................................................            7.00             (a)            9.28        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
120.....................................................            7.00             (a)            7.62        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
121.....................................................            5.00             (a)            5.96        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
122.....................................................            4.00             (a)            4.30        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
123.....................................................            3.00             (a)            2.64        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
124.....................................................            2.00             (a)            0.99        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
125.....................................................               0               0            0.19        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
126.....................................................               0               0               0        -12.2E-6         11.9E-3         -5.6E+0
127.....................................................               0               0               0         -8.1E-6          7.9E-3         -3.7E+0
128.....................................................               0               0               0         -4.1E-6          4.0E-3         -1.9E+0
129.....................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
130.....................................................            5.00            8.00            3.25               0               0               0

[[Page 28218]]

 
131.....................................................            8.00           16.30            5.47               0               0               0
132.....................................................           10.00           27.50            6.71               0               0               0
133.....................................................            8.00           27.50            6.71               0               0               0
134.....................................................            5.00            9.00            6.71               0               0               0
135.....................................................            2.00            1.80            6.55               0               0               0
136.....................................................               0               0            6.01               0               0               0
137.....................................................               0               0            5.15               0               0               0
138.....................................................               0               0            3.90               0               0               0
139.....................................................               0               0            2.19               0               0               0
140.....................................................               0               0               0          9.0E-6         -8.4E-3          2.0E+0
141.....................................................               0               0               0         17.9E-6        -16.8E-3          3.9E+0
142.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
143.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
144.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
145.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
146.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
147.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
148.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
149.....................................................            2.00            4.80               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
150.....................................................            1.00            4.50               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
151.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
152.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
153.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
154.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
155.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
156.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
157.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
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168.....................................................           18.00           65.00            3.70         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
169.....................................................           23.00           82.50            5.53         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
170.....................................................           23.00           88.00            7.22         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
171.....................................................           21.00           88.00            8.64         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          5.9E+0
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200.....................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0

[[Page 28219]]

 
201.....................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
202.....................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
203.....................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
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207.....................................................           11.00           24.70            7.50               0               0               0
208.....................................................           15.00           42.30            9.18               0               0               0
209.....................................................           16.00           70.00           10.11               0               0               0
210.....................................................           17.00           70.00           10.34               0               0               0
211.....................................................           17.00           50.00           10.46               0               0               0
212.....................................................           16.00           26.30            9.93               0               0               0
213.....................................................           14.00            5.00            8.70               0               0               0
214.....................................................           10.00             (a)            7.43               0               0               0
215.....................................................           10.00             (a)            9.14               0               0               0
216.....................................................           14.00           73.30            9.72               0               0               0
217.....................................................           18.00           83.00            9.84               0               0               0
218.....................................................           19.00           84.80           10.02               0               0               0
219.....................................................           18.00           84.80            9.92               0               0               0
220.....................................................           16.00           82.80            9.14               0               0               0
221.....................................................           11.00           74.00            8.23               0               0               0
222.....................................................            7.00            8.50            6.64               0               0               0
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270.....................................................               0               0               0         10.7E-6        -11.3E-3          1.1E+0

[[Page 28220]]

 
271.....................................................               0               0               0         10.7E-6        -11.3E-3          1.1E+0
272.....................................................               0               0               0         10.7E-6        -11.3E-3          1.1E+0
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306.....................................................           24.50           36.00            7.87         10.7E-6        -11.3E-3          1.1E+0
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336.....................................................           44.00           73.00           16.79        -10.7E-6         11.3E-3         -1.1E+0
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340.....................................................           35.00           10.00           12.04        -10.7E-6         11.3E-3         -1.1E+0

[[Page 28221]]

 
341.....................................................           35.00           10.00           10.44        -10.7E-6         11.3E-3         -1.1E+0
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344.....................................................           37.00           53.00           10.65        -10.7E-6         11.3E-3         -1.1E+0
345.....................................................           39.00           50.00           11.42        -10.7E-6         11.3E-3         -1.1E+0
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364.....................................................            7.00             (a)           29.91         10.7E-6        -11.3E-3          1.1E+0
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410.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0

[[Page 28222]]

 
411.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
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438.....................................................           32.00           52.00           17.86         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
439.....................................................           34.00           46.00           18.70         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
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441.....................................................           34.50           30.00           19.28         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
442.....................................................           35.00           30.00           19.38         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
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444.....................................................           39.00           40.00           19.57         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
445.....................................................           45.00           50.00           19.09         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
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448.....................................................           45.00             (a)           15.90         16.9E-6        -16.6E-3          6.2E+0
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473.....................................................           74.00           61.50           12.16         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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475.....................................................           70.00           52.00           16.38         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
476.....................................................           68.00           46.00           17.48         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
477.....................................................           66.50           40.00           17.41         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
478.....................................................           65.00           32.00           16.78         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
479.....................................................           63.00           26.00           16.06         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
480.....................................................           61.00           25.60           15.24         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0

[[Page 28223]]

 
481.....................................................           61.00           72.00           14.69         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
482.....................................................           61.00           78.00           15.38         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
483.....................................................           58.00           72.00           16.86         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
484.....................................................           50.00           64.00           17.35         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
485.....................................................           44.00           55.00           16.98         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
486.....................................................           35.00           40.00           16.57         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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488.....................................................           21.00             (a)           15.67         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
489.....................................................           18.00             (a)           15.46         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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492.....................................................           24.00            2.00           16.77         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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495.....................................................           51.00           86.00           20.11         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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497.....................................................           64.00           97.00           21.23         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
498.....................................................           71.00          100.00           21.40         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
499.....................................................           73.00           98.00           21.51         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
500.....................................................           73.00           94.00           22.18         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
501.....................................................           73.00           86.00           22.48         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
502.....................................................           73.00           82.00           22.49         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
503.....................................................           76.00           84.00           23.27         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
504.....................................................           80.00           98.00           24.39         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
505.....................................................           84.00          100.00           25.09         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
506.....................................................           85.00          100.00           25.26         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
507.....................................................           84.00          100.00           25.15         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
508.....................................................           81.00           92.00           24.80         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
509.....................................................           75.00           80.00           24.30         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
510.....................................................           73.00           70.00           23.92         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
511.....................................................           70.00           60.00           23.82         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
512.....................................................           67.00           53.00           23.75         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
513.....................................................           65.00           45.00           24.34         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
514.....................................................           63.00           36.50           25.03         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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516.....................................................           61.00           22.50           25.14         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
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518.....................................................           60.00           24.00           25.15         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
519.....................................................           60.00           24.00           25.15         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
520.....................................................           60.00           26.00           25.16         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
521.....................................................           61.00           60.00           25.17         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
522.....................................................           62.00           64.00           25.24         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
523.....................................................           63.00           64.00           25.41         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
524.....................................................           64.00           64.00           26.56         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
525.....................................................           62.00           64.00           28.84         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
526.....................................................           56.00           60.00           31.08         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
527.....................................................           53.00             (a)           32.37         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
528.....................................................           49.00             (a)           32.70         10.7E-6        -10.5E-3          4.2E+0
529.....................................................           47.00             (a)           32.76          6.4E-6         -6.7E-3          2.3E+0
530.....................................................           46.00             (a)           32.82          2.1E-6         -2.9E-3        327.5E-3
531.....................................................           45.00             (a)           32.88         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
532.....................................................           45.00           30.00           33.19         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
533.....................................................           46.00           50.00           33.89         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
534.....................................................           46.00           50.00           35.07         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
535.....................................................           47.00           50.00           36.61         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
536.....................................................           47.00           50.00           37.63         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
537.....................................................           47.00           30.00           38.05         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
538.....................................................           46.00           12.00           38.67         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
539.....................................................           45.00           10.50           39.32         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
540.....................................................           44.00           10.00           39.54         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
541.....................................................           41.00           10.00           39.55         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
542.....................................................           37.00            9.00           39.56         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
543.....................................................           36.00            2.00           39.58         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
544.....................................................           35.00             (a)           39.59         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
545.....................................................           38.00           67.00           39.61         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
546.....................................................           35.00             (a)           39.60         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
547.....................................................           31.00           15.00           39.69         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
548.....................................................           28.00           55.00           39.99         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
549.....................................................           34.00           44.00           40.39         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
550.....................................................           35.00           38.50           41.01         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0

[[Page 28224]]

 
551.....................................................           36.00           38.50           41.65         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
552.....................................................           36.00           38.50           41.69         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
553.....................................................           37.00           38.50           41.17         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
554.....................................................           39.00           36.00           40.47         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
555.....................................................           42.00           27.00           39.83         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
556.....................................................           45.00           62.00           39.39         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
557.....................................................           48.00           45.00           39.14         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
558.....................................................           51.00           15.00           38.99         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
559.....................................................           51.00            8.00           38.88         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
560.....................................................           51.00            6.00           38.86         -2.2E-6        973.4E-6         -1.6E+0
561.....................................................           48.00           10.00           39.17       -717.3E-9        324.5E-6       -535.2E-3
562.....................................................           46.00           11.00           39.37        717.3E-9       -324.5E-6        535.2E-3
563.....................................................           44.00           13.00           38.63          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
564.....................................................           41.00           17.00           36.96          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
565.....................................................           37.00           20.00           34.87          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
566.....................................................           34.00           20.00           32.73          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
567.....................................................           30.00           17.00           30.53          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
568.....................................................           26.00           14.00           28.27          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
569.....................................................           23.00            7.00           26.02          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
570.....................................................           19.00            2.00           23.76          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
571.....................................................           15.00             (a)           21.37          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
572.....................................................           11.00             (a)           18.79          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
573.....................................................            8.00             (a)           16.06          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
574.....................................................            5.00             (a)           13.05          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
575.....................................................            2.00             (a)            9.54          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
576.....................................................               0               0            4.59          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
577.....................................................               0               0               0          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
578.....................................................               0               0               0          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
579.....................................................               0               0               0          2.2E-6       -973.4E-6          1.6E+0
580.....................................................               0               0               0          8.8E-6         -7.4E-3        955.1E-3
581.....................................................               0               0               0         15.4E-6        -13.9E-3        304.7E-3
582.....................................................               0               0               0         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
583.....................................................            4.00           15.00               0         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
584.....................................................           19.00           31.00            0.78         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
585.....................................................           30.00           46.00            1.94         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
586.....................................................           37.00           68.00            3.83         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
587.....................................................           40.00           76.00            5.98         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
588.....................................................           41.00           77.00            8.07         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
589.....................................................           40.50           78.00           10.09         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
590.....................................................           40.00           77.00           10.29         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
591.....................................................           40.00           64.00            7.34         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
592.....................................................           38.00           10.00            3.27         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
593.....................................................           38.00           25.00            3.24         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
594.....................................................           40.00           50.00            5.98         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
595.....................................................           40.00           36.00            8.48         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
596.....................................................           40.00           31.00           11.00         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
597.....................................................           40.00           31.00           13.62         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
598.....................................................           41.00           37.00           16.07         22.0E-6        -20.3E-3       -345.7E-3
599.....................................................           42.00           97.00           18.51         16.5E-6        -15.9E-3       -889.5E-3
600.....................................................           43.00          100.00           21.51         11.0E-6        -11.4E-3         -1.4E+0
601.....................................................           45.00          100.00           24.71          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
602.....................................................           47.00          100.00           27.57          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
603.....................................................           48.00          100.00           30.04          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
604.....................................................           49.00          100.00           32.22          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
605.....................................................           51.00           97.00           34.28          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
606.....................................................           52.00           94.00           36.22          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
607.....................................................           53.00           90.00           38.08          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
608.....................................................           54.00           87.00           39.83          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
609.....................................................           56.00           86.00           41.63          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
610.....................................................           56.00           85.00           43.18          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
611.....................................................           55.50           85.00           44.33          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
612.....................................................           55.00           81.00           45.38          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
613.....................................................           54.00           77.00           46.14          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
614.....................................................           53.00           72.00           46.39          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
615.....................................................           52.00           67.00           46.34          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
616.....................................................           49.00           60.00           46.24          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
617.....................................................           46.00           45.00           46.14          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
618.....................................................           45.00           12.00           46.05          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
619.....................................................           44.00           10.00           46.13          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
620.....................................................           44.00           10.00           46.49          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0

[[Page 28225]]

 
621.....................................................           45.00           12.00           46.78          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
622.....................................................           46.00           14.00           46.81          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
623.....................................................           47.00           24.00           46.95          5.5E-6         -7.0E-3         -2.0E+0
624.....................................................           49.00           88.00           47.37          2.0E-6         -3.5E-3         -1.4E+0
625.....................................................           50.00           90.00           47.62         -1.5E-6       -844.5E-9       -908.8E-3
626.....................................................           51.00           90.00           47.58         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
627.....................................................           52.00           90.00           48.00         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
628.....................................................           53.00           90.00           48.46         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
629.....................................................           54.00           90.00           48.45         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
630.....................................................           54.00           90.00           48.40         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
631.....................................................           54.00           87.00           48.59         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
632.....................................................           54.00           84.00           49.30         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
633.....................................................           54.00           80.00           50.02         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
634.....................................................           53.50           77.00           50.27         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
635.....................................................           53.00           76.00           50.00         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
636.....................................................           53.00           75.00           49.73         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
637.....................................................           52.00           73.00           49.57         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
638.....................................................           51.00           69.00           49.31         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
639.....................................................           50.00           65.00           49.29         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
640.....................................................           50.00           60.00           49.71         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
641.....................................................           49.00           55.00           50.02         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
642.....................................................           49.00           50.00           50.05         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
643.....................................................           49.00           50.00           50.07         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
644.....................................................           49.50           60.00           50.33         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
645.....................................................           49.50           65.00           50.75         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
646.....................................................           50.00           70.00           51.03         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
647.....................................................           50.50           75.00           51.47         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
648.....................................................           51.00           80.00           51.92         -4.9E-6          3.5E-3       -374.8E-3
649.....................................................           52.00           85.00           51.93         -5.9E-6          4.5E-3       -731.0E-3
650.....................................................           53.00           90.00           51.90         -7.0E-6          5.4E-3         -1.1E+0
651.....................................................           54.00           90.00           51.87         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
652.....................................................           55.00           90.00           51.85         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
653.....................................................           55.00           88.00           51.82         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
654.....................................................           55.00           84.00           51.82         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
655.....................................................           55.00           79.00           52.54         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
656.....................................................           55.00           74.00           53.59         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
657.....................................................           55.00           69.00           54.19         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
658.....................................................           55.00           64.00           54.26         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
659.....................................................           55.00           59.00           54.07         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
660.....................................................           55.00           54.00           53.93         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
661.....................................................           55.00           49.00           53.92         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
662.....................................................           55.00           44.50           53.90         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
663.....................................................           55.00           39.00           53.89         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
664.....................................................           55.00           34.00           53.88         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
665.....................................................           55.00           27.00           53.87         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
666.....................................................           55.00           18.00           53.85         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
667.....................................................           55.00            8.00           53.81         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
668.....................................................           55.00            6.00           53.67         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
669.....................................................           55.00           13.00           53.67         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
670.....................................................           55.00           27.00           54.32         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
671.....................................................           55.50           30.00           54.88         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
672.....................................................           56.00           30.00           54.87         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
673.....................................................           57.00           30.00           54.86         -8.0E-6          6.4E-3         -1.4E+0
674.....................................................           58.00           34.00           54.75         -6.9E-6          5.3E-3       -816.0E-3
675.....................................................           59.00           46.00           54.28         -5.8E-6          4.3E-3       -188.7E-3
676.....................................................           59.00           89.00           53.84         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
677.....................................................           59.00           90.00           54.02         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
678.....................................................           59.00           91.00           54.48         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
679.....................................................           59.00           91.00           54.76         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
680.....................................................           60.00           91.00           54.84         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
681.....................................................           60.00           91.00           54.87         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
682.....................................................           60.50           90.00           54.90         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
683.....................................................           61.00           89.00           54.93         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
684.....................................................           61.50           88.00           54.97         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
685.....................................................           62.00           83.00           55.00         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
686.....................................................           63.00           73.00           55.03         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
687.....................................................           65.00           70.00           55.06         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
688.....................................................           66.00           71.00           55.10         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
689.....................................................           67.00           74.00           55.12         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
690.....................................................           67.50           79.00           55.15         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3

[[Page 28226]]

 
691.....................................................           68.00           85.00           55.16         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
692.....................................................           68.50           90.00           55.18         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
693.....................................................           69.00           94.00           55.33         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
694.....................................................           69.50           96.00           55.85         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
695.....................................................           70.00           98.00           56.52         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
696.....................................................           70.50          100.00           57.05         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
697.....................................................           71.00          100.00           57.31         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
698.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.35         -4.7E-6          3.3E-3        438.5E-3
699.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.34         -4.5E-6          3.0E-3        722.7E-3
700.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.34         -4.3E-6          2.8E-3          1.0E+0
701.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.33         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
702.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.33         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
703.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.33         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
704.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.32         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
705.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.31         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
706.....................................................           72.00          100.00           57.30         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
707.....................................................           72.50          100.00           57.39         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
708.....................................................           73.00          100.00           57.71         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
709.....................................................           73.50          100.00           58.14         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
710.....................................................           74.00          100.00           58.34         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
711.....................................................           74.00          100.00           58.34         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
712.....................................................           74.50          100.00           58.33         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
713.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.33         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
714.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.32         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
715.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.31         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
716.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.30         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
717.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.30         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
718.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.30         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
719.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.30         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
720.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.48         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
721.....................................................           75.00          100.00           58.92         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
722.....................................................           75.00          100.00           59.26         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
723.....................................................           75.00           98.00           59.34         -4.1E-6          2.5E-3          1.3E+0
724.....................................................           75.00           90.00           59.32         -5.5E-6          3.7E-3        764.9E-3
725.....................................................           75.00           34.00           59.37         -6.8E-6          5.0E-3        238.8E-3
726.....................................................           74.00           15.00           59.67         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
727.....................................................           72.00            3.00           60.11         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
728.....................................................           70.00             (a)           60.32         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
729.....................................................           69.00             (a)           60.30         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
730.....................................................           68.00             (a)           60.29         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
731.....................................................           70.50           53.00           60.27         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
732.....................................................           73.00           80.00           60.26         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
733.....................................................           75.00           88.00           60.25         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
734.....................................................           77.00           94.00           60.18         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
735.....................................................           79.00           97.00           59.83         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
736.....................................................           82.00           97.00           59.36         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
737.....................................................           85.00           98.00           59.65         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
738.....................................................           85.00           98.00           60.12         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
739.....................................................           87.00           97.00           59.80         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
740.....................................................           90.00           95.00           59.82         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
741.....................................................           92.00           90.00           60.18         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
742.....................................................           93.00           88.00           60.27         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
743.....................................................           94.00           86.00           60.31         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
744.....................................................           95.00           83.00           60.35         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
745.....................................................           96.00           79.00           60.37         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
746.....................................................           97.00           74.00           60.35         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
747.....................................................           98.00           68.00           60.33         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
748.....................................................           99.00           62.00           60.30         -8.2E-6          6.2E-3       -287.4E-3
749.....................................................          100.00           54.00           60.26         -9.9E-6          7.8E-3         -1.1E+0
750.....................................................          100.00           30.00           60.45        -11.7E-6          9.5E-3         -1.9E+0
751.....................................................          100.00           22.00           61.12        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
752.....................................................          100.00           20.00           61.91        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
753.....................................................          100.00           22.00           62.23        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
754.....................................................          100.00           30.00           62.19        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
755.....................................................          100.00           65.00           62.17        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
756.....................................................          100.00           76.00           62.19        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
757.....................................................          100.00           80.00           62.24        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
758.....................................................          100.00           78.00           62.28        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
759.....................................................          100.00           72.00           62.30        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
760.....................................................          100.00           54.00           62.79        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0

[[Page 28227]]

 
761.....................................................           95.00           30.00           63.22        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
762.....................................................           85.00           12.00           63.11        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
763.....................................................           68.00             (a)           62.97        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
764.....................................................           57.00             (a)           62.82        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
765.....................................................           56.00             (a)           62.67        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
766.....................................................           57.00             (a)           62.52        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
767.....................................................           57.00             (a)           62.37        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
768.....................................................           57.00           22.00           62.32        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
769.....................................................           58.00           40.00           62.45        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
770.....................................................           59.00           45.00           62.64        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
771.....................................................           59.00           46.00           62.69        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
772.....................................................           59.50           45.00           62.66        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
773.....................................................           60.00           33.00           62.62        -13.4E-6         11.1E-3         -2.7E+0
774.....................................................           60.00               0           62.59        -12.6E-6         10.3E-3         -2.2E+0
775.....................................................           60.00             (a)           62.55        -11.8E-6          9.5E-3         -1.8E+0
776.....................................................           60.00             (a)           62.51        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
777.....................................................           60.00           34.00           62.44        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
778.....................................................           60.00           50.00           62.37        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
779.....................................................           60.00           60.00           62.29        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
780.....................................................           60.00           69.00           62.21        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
781.....................................................           60.00           75.00           62.15        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
782.....................................................           60.00           79.00           62.46        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
783.....................................................           61.00           83.00           63.40        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
784.....................................................           61.00           84.00           63.97        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
785.....................................................           61.00           85.00           63.98        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
786.....................................................           62.00           85.00           63.94        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
787.....................................................           62.00           85.00           63.93        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
788.....................................................           62.00           85.00           63.92        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
789.....................................................           63.00           85.00           63.92        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
790.....................................................           63.00           85.00           63.91        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
791.....................................................           64.00           85.00           64.21        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
792.....................................................           64.00           85.00           64.61        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
793.....................................................           64.00           85.00           64.50        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
794.....................................................           64.00           85.00           64.05        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
795.....................................................           64.00           85.00           63.83        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
796.....................................................           64.00           84.50           63.81        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
797.....................................................           64.00           84.00           63.79        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
798.....................................................           64.00           83.00           63.77        -10.9E-6          8.8E-3         -1.3E+0
799.....................................................           64.00           82.00           63.76        -11.1E-6          8.9E-3         -1.2E+0
800.....................................................           64.00           81.00           63.75        -11.2E-6          9.0E-3         -1.2E+0
801.....................................................           64.00           77.00           63.73        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
802.....................................................           64.00           72.00           63.72        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
803.....................................................           65.00           67.00           63.70        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
804.....................................................           66.00           64.00           63.69        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
805.....................................................           67.00           60.00           63.69        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
806.....................................................           69.00           62.30           63.68        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
807.....................................................           72.00           84.00           64.10        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
808.....................................................           73.00           90.50           64.60        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
809.....................................................           74.00           91.00           64.73        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
810.....................................................           74.00           90.00           64.73        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
811.....................................................           74.00           84.50           64.73        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
812.....................................................           73.00           74.00           64.72        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
813.....................................................           72.00           66.00           64.71        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
814.....................................................           71.00           60.00           64.71        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
815.....................................................           70.00           54.00           64.70        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
816.....................................................           69.00           50.00           64.69        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
817.....................................................           68.00           49.00           64.68        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
818.....................................................           68.00           48.00           64.82        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
819.....................................................           68.00           48.00           65.27        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
820.....................................................           68.00           48.50           65.65        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
821.....................................................           68.00           49.00           65.71        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
822.....................................................           68.00           51.00           65.72        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
823.....................................................           68.00           53.50           65.72        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
824.....................................................           68.00           55.00           65.72        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
825.....................................................           68.00           58.00           65.71        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
826.....................................................           68.00           60.00           65.70        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
827.....................................................           68.00           62.00           65.69        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
828.....................................................           68.00           64.00           65.67        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
829.....................................................           68.00           67.00           65.27        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
830.....................................................           69.00           68.50           64.33        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0

[[Page 28228]]

 
831.....................................................           70.00           70.00           63.65        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
832.....................................................           70.00           70.00           63.50        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
833.....................................................           70.00           70.00           63.49        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
834.....................................................           70.00           70.00           63.49        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
835.....................................................           70.00           70.00           63.37        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
836.....................................................           70.00           70.00           63.01        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
837.....................................................           71.00           66.00           62.60        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
838.....................................................           73.00           64.00           62.44        -11.4E-6          9.1E-3         -1.1E+0
839.....................................................           75.00           64.00           62.45         -8.3E-6          6.1E-3        362.3E-3
840.....................................................           77.00           98.00           62.47         -5.1E-6          3.2E-3          1.8E+0
841.....................................................           79.00          100.00           62.50         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
842.....................................................           81.00          100.00           62.52         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
843.....................................................           82.00          100.00           62.54         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
844.....................................................           83.00          100.00           62.57         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
845.....................................................           84.00           98.00           62.70         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
846.....................................................           84.00           94.00           62.90         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
847.....................................................           85.00           93.00           63.11         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
848.....................................................           86.00           94.00           63.32         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
849.....................................................           87.00           98.00           63.53         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
850.....................................................           89.00          100.00           63.74         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
851.....................................................           92.00          100.00           62.20         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
852.....................................................           95.00          100.00           62.67         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
853.....................................................           97.50          100.00           63.19         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
854.....................................................          100.00          100.00           63.62         -2.0E-6        233.7E-6          3.3E+0
855.....................................................          100.00          100.00           64.06       -665.4E-9         77.9E-6          1.1E+0
856.....................................................          100.00          100.00           64.19        665.4E-9        -77.9E-6         -1.1E+0
857.....................................................          100.00          100.00           63.87          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
858.....................................................          100.00           97.00           63.38          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
859.....................................................           96.00             (a)           62.62          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
860.....................................................           94.00             (a)           61.32          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
861.....................................................           91.00             (a)           59.72          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
862.....................................................           88.00             (a)           58.30          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
863.....................................................           86.00             (a)           57.08          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
864.....................................................           84.00             (a)           55.85          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
865.....................................................           82.00             (a)           54.61          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
866.....................................................           79.00             (a)           53.36          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
867.....................................................           77.00             (a)           52.10          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
868.....................................................           75.00             (a)           50.74          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
869.....................................................           73.00             (a)           49.34          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
870.....................................................           72.00             (a)           48.05          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
871.....................................................           72.00             (a)           46.82          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
872.....................................................           72.00             (a)           45.61          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
873.....................................................           71.00            8.00           44.37          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
874.....................................................           68.00            9.00           43.06          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
875.....................................................           64.00             (a)           41.65          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
876.....................................................           58.00             (a)           40.32          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
877.....................................................           56.00           53.00           39.28          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
878.....................................................           56.00           67.00           38.40          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
879.....................................................           56.00           70.00           37.30          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
880.....................................................           56.00           67.00           35.79          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
881.....................................................           55.00           60.00           34.14          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
882.....................................................           54.00           60.00           32.69          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
883.....................................................           49.00           75.00           31.38          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
884.....................................................           38.00           80.00           29.63          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
885.....................................................           30.00           78.00           27.22          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
886.....................................................           25.00           53.00           25.01          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
887.....................................................           18.00           32.00           23.09          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
888.....................................................           14.00           16.00           20.23          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
889.....................................................            9.00            3.00           17.20          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
890.....................................................            5.00             (a)           12.61          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
891.....................................................            1.00             (a)            7.43          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
892.....................................................               0               0            2.81          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
893.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
894.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
895.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
896.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
987.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
898.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
899.....................................................               0               0               0          2.0E-6       -233.7E-6         -3.3E+0
900.....................................................               0               0               0         10.3E-6         -8.6E-3       -677.9E-3

[[Page 28229]]

 
901.....................................................               0               0               0         18.6E-6        -16.9E-3          1.9E+0
902.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
903.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
904.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
905.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
906.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
907.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
908.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
909.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
910.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
911.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
912.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
913.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
914.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
915.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
916.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
917.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
918.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
919.....................................................               0               0               0         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
920.....................................................            4.50           47.00            2.63         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
921.....................................................           12.00           85.00            4.93         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
922.....................................................           30.00           97.00            7.24         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
923.....................................................           42.00          100.00            9.73         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
924.....................................................           51.00          100.00           11.91         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
925.....................................................           54.00          100.00           14.16         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
926.....................................................           54.00           97.00           16.04         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
927.....................................................           52.00           90.00           17.98         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
928.....................................................           48.00           75.00           20.21         26.9E-6        -25.2E-3          4.6E+0
929.....................................................           44.00           57.00           22.03          9.0E-6         -8.4E-3          1.5E+0
930.....................................................           37.00           47.00           22.35         -9.0E-6          8.4E-3         -1.5E+0
931.....................................................           29.00           40.00           21.52        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
932.....................................................           24.00           34.00           20.04        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
933.....................................................           21.00           27.00           18.29        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
934.....................................................           22.00           24.00           16.40        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
935.....................................................           22.50           22.00           14.40        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
936.....................................................           20.00           16.00           12.23        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
937.....................................................           15.00            7.00            9.84        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
938.....................................................           10.00               0            8.55        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
939.....................................................            5.00             (a)            7.56        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
940.....................................................            2.00             (a)            6.14        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
941.....................................................            1.00             (a)            2.60        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
942.....................................................               0               0               0        -26.9E-6         25.2E-3         -4.6E+0
943.....................................................               0               0               0        -16.7E-6         15.4E-3         -3.2E+0
944.....................................................               0               0               0         -6.5E-6          5.6E-3         -1.8E+0
945.....................................................            1.00               0            1.06          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
946.....................................................            5.00           20.00            2.16          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
947.....................................................           15.00           43.00            3.30          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
948.....................................................           28.00           52.00            4.37          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
949.....................................................           34.00           64.00            5.42          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
950.....................................................           37.00           74.00            6.47          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
951.....................................................           37.50           90.00            7.51          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
952.....................................................           37.00           56.00            8.55          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
953.....................................................           36.00           27.00            9.55          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
954.....................................................           35.00             (a)           10.25          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
955.....................................................           33.00             (a)           10.78          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
956.....................................................           29.00             (a)           11.16          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
957.....................................................           29.00             (a)           11.76          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
958.....................................................           29.00             (a)           12.59          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
959.....................................................           34.00           30.00           13.80          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
960.....................................................           38.00           75.00           14.85          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
961.....................................................           34.00           70.00           15.59          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
962.....................................................           31.00           25.00           16.20          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
963.....................................................           28.00             (a)           16.82          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
964.....................................................           26.00             (a)           17.55          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
965.....................................................           24.00             (a)           17.91          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
966.....................................................           23.00            4.00           18.08          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
967.....................................................           23.00           22.00           18.10          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
968.....................................................           24.00           30.00           18.31          3.7E-6         -4.2E-3       -457.1E-3
969.....................................................           23.00           32.00           18.67          7.3E-6         -7.4E-3          1.9E+0
970.....................................................           22.00           25.00           19.23         10.9E-6        -10.7E-3          4.4E+0

[[Page 28230]]

 
971.....................................................           18.00           18.00           19.69         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
972.....................................................           16.00           14.00           20.02         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
973.....................................................           15.00           10.00           19.94         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
974.....................................................           15.00             0.0           19.80         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
975.....................................................           15.00             (a)           19.69         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
976.....................................................           15.00             (a)           19.76         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
977.....................................................           18.00             (a)           19.93         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
978.....................................................           25.00           40.00           20.24         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
979.....................................................           37.00           90.00           20.69         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
980.....................................................           46.00           90.00           21.23         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
981.....................................................           49.00           90.00           21.78         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
982.....................................................           49.00           90.00           22.15         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
983.....................................................           49.00           85.00           22.33         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
984.....................................................           47.00           77.00           22.36          4.8E-6         -4.7E-3          2.3E+0
985.....................................................           44.00           59.00           22.36         -4.8E-6          4.7E-3         -2.3E+0
986.....................................................           43.00           36.00           22.33        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
987.....................................................           42.00           13.00           22.15        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
988.....................................................           40.00             (a)           21.91        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
989.....................................................           41.00           65.00           21.62        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
990.....................................................           44.00           65.00           21.32        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
991.....................................................           45.00           65.00           21.01        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
992.....................................................           45.00           62.00           20.70        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
993.....................................................           44.00           56.00           20.48        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
994.....................................................           42.00           46.00           20.31        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
995.....................................................           41.00           36.00           20.13        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
996.....................................................           39.00           20.00           19.86        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
997.....................................................           38.00            4.00           19.49        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
998.....................................................           37.00           33.00           19.11        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
999.....................................................           38.00           39.00           18.71        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,000...................................................           36.00           40.00           18.30        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,001...................................................           35.00           40.00           17.86        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,002...................................................           33.00           39.00           17.39        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,003...................................................           30.00           36.00           16.86        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,004...................................................           27.00           33.00           16.31        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,005...................................................           22.00           24.00           15.75        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,006...................................................           21.00             (a)           15.24        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,007...................................................           20.00             (a)           14.73        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,008...................................................           18.00             (a)           14.23        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,009...................................................           17.00           28.00           13.73        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,010...................................................           16.00            5.00           12.79        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,011...................................................           14.00             (a)           11.11        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,012...................................................           12.00             (a)            9.43        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,013...................................................            9.00             (a)            7.75        -14.5E-6         14.0E-3         -6.8E+0
1,014...................................................            7.00             (a)            6.07         -4.8E-6          4.7E-3         -2.3E+0
1,015...................................................            5.00             (a)            4.39          4.8E-6         -4.7E-3          2.3E+0
1,016...................................................            4.00             (a)            2.71         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
1,017...................................................            3.00             (a)            1.03         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
1,018...................................................            2.00             (a)            0.19         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
1,019...................................................               0               0               0         14.5E-6        -14.0E-3          6.8E+0
1,020...................................................               0               0               0         14.2E-6        -14.4E-3          5.4E+0
1,021...................................................               0               0               0         13.9E-6        -14.9E-3          4.1E+0
1,022...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,023...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,024...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,025...................................................            2.00            7.00            3.25         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,026...................................................            6.00           15.00            5.47         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,027...................................................           10.00           28.00            6.71         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,028...................................................           11.00           26.00            6.71          4.6E-6         -5.1E-3        900.3E-3
1,029...................................................           10.00           10.00            6.71         -4.6E-6          5.1E-3       -900.3E-3
1,030...................................................            8.00            3.00            6.55        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,031...................................................            5.00               0            6.01        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,032...................................................            2.00               0            5.15        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,033...................................................               0               0            3.90        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,034...................................................               0               0            2.19         -4.6E-6          5.1E-3       -900.3E-3
1,035...................................................               0               0               0          4.6E-6         -5.1E-3        900.3E-3
1,036...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,037...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,038...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,039...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,040...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0

[[Page 28231]]

 
1,041...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,042...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,043...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,044...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,045...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,046...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,047...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,048...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,049...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,050...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,051...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,052...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,053...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,054...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,055...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,056...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,057...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,058...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,059...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,060...................................................               0               0               0         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,061...................................................            4.00            5.00            1.95         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,062...................................................           11.00           35.00            3.70         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,063...................................................           21.00           73.00            5.53         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,064...................................................           25.00           86.00            7.22         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,065...................................................           26.00           90.00            8.64         13.7E-6        -15.3E-3          2.7E+0
1,066...................................................           25.00           90.00           10.33          4.6E-6         -5.1E-3        900.3E-3
1,067...................................................           23.00           83.00           11.18         -4.6E-6          5.1E-3       -900.3E-3
1,068...................................................           20.00           32.00           10.57        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,069...................................................           16.00             (a)            9.33        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,070...................................................           14.00             (a)            7.87        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,071...................................................           10.00             (a)            6.27        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,072...................................................            7.00             (a)            4.58        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,073...................................................            3.00             (a)            3.81        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,074...................................................            1.00             (a)            2.35        -13.7E-6         15.3E-3         -2.7E+0
1,075...................................................               0               0               0         -4.8E-6          6.2E-3         -2.3E+0
1,076...................................................               0               0               0          4.0E-6         -2.8E-3         -1.9E+0
1,077...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,078...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,079...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,080...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,081...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,082...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,083...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,084...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,085...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,086...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,087...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,088...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,089...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,090...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,091...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,092...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,093...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,094...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,095...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,096...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,097...................................................               0               0               0         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,098...................................................            1.00            3.00            1.35         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,099...................................................            3.00            6.00            3.37         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,100...................................................            6.00           13.00            6.40         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,101...................................................            9.00           14.00            8.47         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,102...................................................           12.00           16.00            9.57         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,103...................................................           15.00           28.00           10.19         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,104...................................................           18.00           60.00           10.35         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,105...................................................           20.00           47.00           10.46         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,106...................................................           21.00           31.00           10.11         12.8E-6        -11.9E-3         -1.6E+0
1,107...................................................           21.00           15.00            9.12         12.0E-6        -11.3E-3         85.4E-3
1,108...................................................           20.00             (a)            7.81         11.1E-6        -10.7E-3          1.7E+0
1,109...................................................           20.00             (a)            7.87         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,110...................................................           20.00             (a)            9.57         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0

[[Page 28232]]

 
1,111...................................................           20.00           70.00            9.75         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,112...................................................           21.00           83.00            9.84         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,113...................................................           22.00           84.00            9.96          3.4E-6         -3.4E-3          1.1E+0
1,114...................................................           22.00           83.00           10.13         -3.4E-6          3.4E-3         -1.1E+0
1,115...................................................           18.00           78.00            9.36        -10.3E-6         10.1E-3         -3.4E+0
1,116...................................................           14.00           68.00            8.80        -10.3E-6         10.1E-3         -3.4E+0
1,117...................................................            8.00           10.00            7.67        -10.3E-6         10.1E-3         -3.4E+0
1,118...................................................            4.00            4.00            6.08        -10.3E-6         10.1E-3         -3.4E+0
1,119...................................................            1.00             0.0            4.03         -3.4E-6          3.4E-3         -1.1E+0
1,120...................................................               0               0               0          3.4E-6         -3.4E-3          1.1E+0
1,121...................................................               0               0               0         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,122...................................................               0               0               0         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,123...................................................               0               0               0         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,124...................................................               0               0               0         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,125...................................................               0            1.00               0         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,126...................................................            1.00            5.00            3.25         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,127...................................................            5.00           18.00            5.47         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,128...................................................            9.00           19.00            6.71         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,129...................................................           12.00           18.00            6.71         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,130...................................................           12.00           15.00            6.71         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,131...................................................            9.00           10.00            6.55         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,132...................................................            5.00            5.00            6.01         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,133...................................................            2.00            2.00            5.15         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,134...................................................               0               0            3.90         10.3E-6        -10.1E-3          3.4E+0
1,135...................................................               0               0            2.19          6.9E-6         -6.8E-3          2.2E+0
1,136...................................................               0               0               0          3.4E-6         -3.4E-3          1.1E+0
1,137...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,138...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,139...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,140...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,141...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,142...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,143...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,144...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,145...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,146...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,147...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,148...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,149...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,150...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,151...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,152...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,153...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,154...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,155...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,156...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,157...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,158...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,159...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,160...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,161...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,162...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,163...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,164...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,165...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,166...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,167...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Closed throttle motoring.

    (c) The following transient duty cycle applies for compression-
ignition engines and powertrains:

[[Page 28233]]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Engine testing                                Powertrain testing
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Normalized                                                Road grade coefficients
                    Record (seconds)                        revolutions     Normalized     Vehicle speed -----------------------------------------------
                                                            per minute        torque          (mi/hr)
                                                             (percent)       (percent)                           a               b               c
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
2.......................................................               0               0               0          9.1E-6         -9.1E-3        898.8E-3
3.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
4.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
5.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
6.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
7.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
8.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
9.......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
10......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
11......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
12......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
13......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
14......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
15......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
16......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
17......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
18......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
19......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
20......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
21......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
22......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
23......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
24......................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
25......................................................               0            3.67               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
26......................................................               0           47.69               0         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
27......................................................            2.78           59.41            0.33         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
28......................................................            8.12           84.54            1.67         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
29......................................................           13.95           80.00            2.83         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
30......................................................           29.90           80.00            4.02         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
31......................................................           33.87           79.29            5.64         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
32......................................................           27.86           38.25            7.39         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
33......................................................           19.63           26.67            8.83         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
34......................................................           26.79           15.10            9.15         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
35......................................................           19.85           16.47            9.70         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
36......................................................           17.51           28.05           11.37         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
37......................................................           17.86           20.38           13.04         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
38......................................................           16.37             (a)           14.74         13.6E-6        -13.7E-3          1.3E+0
39......................................................            5.85             (a)           16.41         14.3E-6        -14.9E-3          3.6E+0
40......................................................           14.13             (a)           16.85         15.0E-6        -16.1E-3          5.8E+0
41......................................................           21.10             (a)           16.09         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
42......................................................           15.63             (a)           15.23         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
43......................................................           12.67           62.52           14.22         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
44......................................................           14.86           69.36           13.02         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
45......................................................           24.79           60.00           12.47         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
46......................................................           33.06           63.79           13.05         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
47......................................................           42.29           75.36           14.26         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
48......................................................           48.90           80.00           15.09         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
49......................................................           51.52           80.00           15.42         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
50......................................................           48.24           79.92           15.96         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
51......................................................           51.79           65.03           16.58         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
52......................................................           52.37           43.23           17.61         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
53......................................................           56.14           50.00           18.33         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
54......................................................           62.35           50.00           18.65         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
55......................................................           64.29           42.05           19.67         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
56......................................................           67.69           40.00           20.47         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
57......................................................           75.20           42.20           20.57         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
58......................................................           74.88           41.28           20.68         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
59......................................................           71.92             (a)           21.56         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
60......................................................           71.88             (a)           23.19         15.7E-6        -17.3E-3          8.1E+0
61......................................................           69.64             (a)           23.64          5.2E-6         -5.8E-3          2.7E+0
62......................................................           71.24             (a)           22.75         -5.2E-6          5.8E-3         -2.7E+0
63......................................................           71.72           30.54           21.81        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
64......................................................           76.41           42.12           20.79        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
65......................................................           73.02           50.00           19.86        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
66......................................................           69.64           50.00           19.18        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
67......................................................           72.09           43.16           18.75        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
68......................................................           82.23           73.65           18.43        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
69......................................................           78.58             (a)           18.61        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
70......................................................           75.00             (a)           19.11        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0

[[Page 28234]]

 
71......................................................           75.00             (a)           18.76        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
72......................................................           72.47             (a)           17.68        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
73......................................................           62.91             (a)           16.46        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
74......................................................           58.93           13.57           15.06        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
75......................................................           55.56           29.43           13.41        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
76......................................................           57.14           20.00           11.91        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
77......................................................           56.68           17.42           11.09        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
78......................................................           53.88           10.00           10.90        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
79......................................................           50.76           10.00           11.40        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
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81......................................................           46.83             (a)           13.02        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
82......................................................           35.63           10.00           12.30        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
83......................................................           32.48           10.00           10.32        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
84......................................................           26.79           10.00            9.70        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
85......................................................           24.94           10.00           11.05        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
86......................................................           23.21           16.74           11.88        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
87......................................................           24.70            3.36           12.21        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
88......................................................           25.00             (a)           13.29        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
89......................................................           24.47             (a)           13.73        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
90......................................................           18.71             (a)           12.77        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
91......................................................           10.85             (a)           11.46        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
92......................................................            3.40             (a)            9.84        -15.7E-6         17.3E-3         -8.1E+0
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133.....................................................            1.91            9.28               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
134.....................................................            2.75               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
135.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
136.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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139.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
140.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0

[[Page 28235]]

 
141.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
142.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
143.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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150.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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200.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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205.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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209.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
210.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0

[[Page 28236]]

 
211.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
212.....................................................               0               0               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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216.....................................................           27.95           81.30               0         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
217.....................................................           36.74           90.00            2.80         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
218.....................................................           39.29           90.00            5.59         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
219.....................................................           41.44           90.00            8.39         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
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221.....................................................           59.52           80.00           14.30         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
222.....................................................           66.99           90.00           16.03         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
223.....................................................           80.22           90.00           17.30         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
224.....................................................           86.41           93.88           19.72         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
225.....................................................           86.53           50.94           23.18         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
226.....................................................           84.46           17.02           25.27         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
227.....................................................           88.54           28.60           26.91         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
228.....................................................           89.29           39.83           28.89         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
229.....................................................           89.29           30.00           29.43         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
230.....................................................           89.29           26.69           29.50         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
231.....................................................           90.16           20.00           30.49         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
232.....................................................           89.92           20.00           32.02         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
233.....................................................           89.29           36.06           32.91         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
234.....................................................           85.86           40.00           32.55         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
235.....................................................           85.51           30.00           32.26         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
236.....................................................           84.42           32.75           32.65         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
237.....................................................           86.48           35.68           33.50         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
238.....................................................           88.55           30.00           34.96         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
239.....................................................           89.29           44.93           36.44         13.6E-6        -14.1E-3          2.7E+0
240.....................................................           90.90           50.00           36.95          4.5E-6         -4.7E-3        915.7E-3
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242.....................................................           56.75             (a)           36.97        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
243.....................................................           50.00             (a)           36.37        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
244.....................................................           41.07             (a)           35.56        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
245.....................................................           37.38           45.18           34.72        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
246.....................................................           34.21           78.47           33.84        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
247.....................................................           32.13           80.00           33.40        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
248.....................................................           27.71           80.00           32.93        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
249.....................................................           22.64           80.00           31.98        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
250.....................................................           20.58           60.97           30.98        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
251.....................................................           16.25           27.34           29.91        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
252.....................................................           11.46           43.71           28.73        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
253.....................................................            9.02           68.95           27.34        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
254.....................................................            3.38           68.95           25.85        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
255.....................................................            1.32           44.28           24.49        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
256.....................................................               0               0           23.19        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
257.....................................................               0               0           21.87        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
258.....................................................               0               0           17.39        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
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260.....................................................               0               0            8.45        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
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263.....................................................               0           24.97               0        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
264.....................................................               0           17.16               0        -13.6E-6         14.1E-3         -2.7E+0
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267.....................................................               0           10.00               0               0               0               0
268.....................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
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[[Page 28238]]

 
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379.....................................................            7.93          100.00            1.15         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
380.....................................................           41.11          100.00            3.82         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
381.....................................................           68.65          100.00            6.11         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
382.....................................................           71.43          100.00           10.00         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
383.....................................................           73.34           94.64           14.52         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
384.....................................................           76.24           83.07           18.09         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
385.....................................................           78.30           88.51           20.64         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
386.....................................................           82.14           79.83           22.36         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
387.....................................................           82.14           61.66           23.70         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
388.....................................................           84.45           66.77           24.80         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
389.....................................................           91.86           60.00           25.26         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
390.....................................................           94.64           72.76           25.44         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
391.....................................................           97.48            8.43           25.57         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
392.....................................................           99.92             (a)           25.79         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
393.....................................................           73.21             (a)           25.80         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
394.....................................................           70.83             (a)           24.98         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
395.....................................................           63.53             (a)           23.70         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
396.....................................................           61.46             (a)           22.23         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
397.....................................................           69.96           49.17           20.51         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
398.....................................................           73.21           70.00           18.44         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
399.....................................................           72.01           69.46           18.19         18.9E-6        -19.2E-3          5.9E+0
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407.....................................................           74.44           20.00           24.97               0               0               0
408.....................................................           72.38           15.29           25.32               0               0               0
409.....................................................           71.43           10.00           24.15               0               0               0
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411.....................................................           66.17             (a)           22.38               0               0               0
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413.....................................................           63.02             (a)           20.06               0               0               0
414.....................................................           69.64             (a)           18.29               0               0               0
415.....................................................           71.69            1.45           16.16               0               0               0
416.....................................................           71.91           17.30           13.44               0               0               0
417.....................................................           69.85           11.13           11.00               0               0               0
418.....................................................           70.04           19.55           10.13          1.0E-6         -1.4E-3       -705.8E-3
419.....................................................           75.32           24.16           11.50          2.1E-6         -2.9E-3         -1.4E+0
420.....................................................           64.43           80.00           13.65          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0

[[Page 28239]]

 
421.....................................................           70.63           74.83           15.03          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
422.....................................................           80.44           16.04           17.50          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
423.....................................................           66.11             (a)           20.79          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
424.....................................................           60.73             (a)           22.92          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
425.....................................................           61.19             (a)           23.23          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
426.....................................................           53.03             (a)           22.42          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
427.....................................................           56.73             (a)           21.51          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
428.....................................................           62.50            2.38           20.46          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
429.....................................................           65.27           17.76           19.25          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
430.....................................................           64.40             (a)           19.61          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
431.....................................................           60.06             (a)           21.94          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
432.....................................................           32.17             (a)           22.99          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
433.....................................................           18.53             (a)           22.51          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
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443.....................................................           87.39           10.40           26.41          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
444.....................................................           87.26            1.37           27.29          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
445.....................................................           85.71           10.00           27.97          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
446.....................................................           85.71            0.96           28.20          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
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448.....................................................           76.13           28.34           29.22          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
449.....................................................           78.16           30.76           29.63          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
450.....................................................           76.93           29.18           29.64          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
451.....................................................           78.57           20.00           30.67          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
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454.....................................................           78.05           20.00           33.30          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
455.....................................................           78.57           11.32           33.15          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
456.....................................................           69.50             (a)           32.66          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
457.....................................................           64.29             (a)           31.98          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
458.....................................................           63.68             (a)           31.48          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
459.....................................................           62.50            0.04           31.39          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
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463.....................................................           60.48             (a)           33.13          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
464.....................................................           58.93             (a)           33.14          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
465.....................................................           57.35             (a)           33.14          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
466.....................................................           55.36             (a)           33.15          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
467.....................................................           49.95             (a)           33.16          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
468.....................................................           48.21             (a)           33.16          3.1E-6         -4.3E-3         -2.1E+0
469.....................................................           59.31             (a)           33.17          2.1E-6         -3.2E-3         -2.2E+0
470.....................................................           67.15           70.00           33.30          1.0E-6         -2.1E-3         -2.3E+0
471.....................................................           76.79           54.53           33.56        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
472.....................................................           76.79           24.56           35.59        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
473.....................................................           79.29             (a)           39.04        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
474.....................................................           80.36             (a)           41.83        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
475.....................................................           94.18             (a)           43.06        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
476.....................................................           66.07             (a)           43.13        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
477.....................................................           65.48             (a)           43.21        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
478.....................................................           63.41           10.00           43.29        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
479.....................................................           68.27           29.38           43.37        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
480.....................................................           72.87           40.00           44.00        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
481.....................................................           69.79           30.39           45.13        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
482.....................................................           66.19           26.46           47.02        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
483.....................................................           80.36             0.0           49.20        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
484.....................................................           81.13             0.0           49.92        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
485.....................................................           82.14             (a)           50.36        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
486.....................................................           83.48             (a)           51.52        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
487.....................................................           83.93             (a)           52.11        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
488.....................................................           84.04             (a)           52.12        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
489.....................................................           79.43             (a)           52.14        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
490.....................................................           56.47             (a)           52.16        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0

[[Page 28240]]

 
491.....................................................           55.36             (a)           52.18        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
492.....................................................           44.23           45.37           52.20        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
493.....................................................           46.87           86.99           52.22        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
494.....................................................           57.14           90.00           52.16        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
495.....................................................           58.03           90.00           52.53        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
496.....................................................           64.22           93.22           52.98        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
497.....................................................           70.42           95.21           53.65        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
498.....................................................           73.21           83.64           54.77        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
499.....................................................           77.46           80.00           55.14        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
500.....................................................           83.67           80.00           54.57        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
501.....................................................           84.71           80.00           53.63        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
502.....................................................           92.50           80.00           52.70        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
503.....................................................           90.38           41.89           52.03        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
504.....................................................           85.25           24.85           51.66        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
505.....................................................           87.50           50.00           51.42        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
506.....................................................           89.10           50.00           51.28        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
507.....................................................           94.83           46.82           51.13        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
508.....................................................           98.96             (a)           51.53        -53.4E-9         -1.0E-3         -2.4E+0
509.....................................................           87.99             (a)           52.04        -17.8E-9       -339.7E-6       -805.1E-3
510.....................................................           63.35             (a)           51.32         17.8E-9        339.7E-6        805.1E-3
511.....................................................           60.06             (a)           49.20         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
512.....................................................           54.43             (a)           46.43         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
513.....................................................           42.88             (a)           43.58         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
514.....................................................           46.71             (a)           40.65         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
515.....................................................           48.21             (a)           37.62         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
516.....................................................           58.28             (a)           34.62         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
517.....................................................           69.64             (a)           31.62         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
518.....................................................           51.44             (a)           28.44         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
519.....................................................           38.02             (a)           25.01         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
520.....................................................           34.65             (a)           21.38         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
521.....................................................           19.97             (a)           17.39         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
522.....................................................            3.14             (a)           12.76         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
523.....................................................               0               0            6.14         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
524.....................................................           -1.30           36.39               0         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
525.....................................................           -0.21            5.75               0         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
526.....................................................               0               0               0         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
527.....................................................               0               0               0         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
528.....................................................               0               0               0         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
529.....................................................               0               0               0         53.4E-9          1.0E-3          2.4E+0
530.....................................................               0               0               0          5.3E-6         -4.8E-3          1.4E+0
531.....................................................               0               0               0         10.6E-6        -10.5E-3        287.6E-3
532.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
533.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
534.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
535.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
536.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
537.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
538.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
539.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
540.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
541.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
542.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
543.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
544.....................................................               0             (a)               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
545.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
546.....................................................           -0.67               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
547.....................................................           -0.50               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
548.....................................................            3.57             (a)               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
549.....................................................            0.61             (a)               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
550.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
551.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
552.....................................................               0            2.60               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
553.....................................................               0           20.00               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
554.....................................................               0           20.00               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
555.....................................................               0            7.96               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
556.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
557.....................................................               0               0               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
558.....................................................               0           78.53               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
559.....................................................            1.65           60.00               0         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
560.....................................................            9.91           63.88            2.80         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3

[[Page 28241]]

 
561.....................................................           14.29           70.00            6.02         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
562.....................................................           26.83           70.00            8.57         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
563.....................................................           38.29           70.00           11.07         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
564.....................................................           50.09           70.00           13.68         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
565.....................................................           56.60           66.52           16.52         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
566.....................................................           63.09           59.94           19.38         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
567.....................................................           65.16           80.00           21.91         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
568.....................................................           69.53           86.46           24.34         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
569.....................................................           78.60           90.00           27.02         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
570.....................................................           80.36           90.00           29.41         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
571.....................................................           82.35          100.00           31.57         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
572.....................................................           83.93          100.00           33.52         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
573.....................................................           84.70          100.00           35.75         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
574.....................................................           85.71          100.00           38.34         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
575.....................................................           87.04          100.00           40.83         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
576.....................................................           97.18          100.00           43.37         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
577.....................................................           98.21           83.92           44.90         15.9E-6        -16.3E-3       -776.2E-3
578.....................................................           93.54             (a)           45.32          5.3E-6         -5.4E-3       -258.7E-3
579.....................................................           78.13             (a)           45.25         -5.3E-6          5.4E-3        258.7E-3
580.....................................................           80.36               0           44.24        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
581.....................................................           81.59             (a)           42.61        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
582.....................................................           73.07             (a)           40.93        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
583.....................................................           58.92             (a)           39.03        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
584.....................................................           56.86             (a)           36.96        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
585.....................................................           54.22             (a)           34.84        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
586.....................................................           50.94             (a)           32.66        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
587.....................................................           47.74             (a)           30.40        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
588.....................................................           45.02             (a)           28.04        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
589.....................................................           39.56             (a)           25.57        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
590.....................................................           33.55           37.91           22.94        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
591.....................................................           29.89           20.00           20.11        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
592.....................................................           27.82           20.00           18.17        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
593.....................................................           25.76           20.00           17.20        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
594.....................................................           19.76           20.00           16.06        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
595.....................................................            8.31             (a)           14.93        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
596.....................................................               0               0           13.78        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
597.....................................................               0               0           10.72        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
598.....................................................               0               0            6.24        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
599.....................................................               0               0            1.77        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
600.....................................................               0               0               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
601.....................................................               0               0               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
602.....................................................               0               0               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
603.....................................................               0               0               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
604.....................................................               0               0               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
605.....................................................               0               0               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
606.....................................................            2.25            6.30               0        -15.9E-6         16.3E-3        776.2E-3
607.....................................................            9.20           17.87               0         -7.1E-6          7.2E-3          1.5E+0
608.....................................................           12.40           20.00            0.75          1.8E-6         -1.9E-3          2.1E+0
609.....................................................           18.04           20.00            1.90         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
610.....................................................           21.49           22.59            3.81         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
611.....................................................           29.76           17.50            5.91         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
612.....................................................           35.98             (a)            7.92         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
613.....................................................           42.72             (a)            9.86         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
614.....................................................           58.93            7.78            9.37         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
615.....................................................           60.71           10.93            5.32         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
616.....................................................           60.35           32.04            1.45         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
617.....................................................           58.93           40.00            4.28         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
618.....................................................           59.86           40.00            6.78         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
619.....................................................           60.71           40.00            9.12         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
620.....................................................           60.71           48.33           11.69         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
621.....................................................           67.79           99.53           14.17         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
622.....................................................           69.64          100.00           16.35         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
623.....................................................           69.64          100.00           19.18         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
624.....................................................           68.81          100.00           22.35         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
625.....................................................           67.86          100.00           25.17         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
626.....................................................           67.86          100.00           27.60         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
627.....................................................           67.86          100.00           29.72         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
628.....................................................           67.53          100.00           31.71         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
629.....................................................           65.18           97.50           33.60         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
630.....................................................           68.58           90.00           35.39         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0

[[Page 28242]]

 
631.....................................................           71.66           90.00           37.08         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
632.....................................................           74.50           90.00           38.83         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
633.....................................................           75.00           98.79           40.28         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
634.....................................................           75.00          100.00           41.29         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
635.....................................................           74.65          100.00           42.31         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
636.....................................................           73.21          100.00           42.90         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
637.....................................................           74.13           94.91           42.94         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
638.....................................................           77.38           90.00           42.83         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
639.....................................................           80.04           90.00           42.74         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
640.....................................................           80.36           99.81           42.65         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
641.....................................................           79.87          100.00           42.56         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
642.....................................................           76.79          100.00           42.88         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
643.....................................................           76.79           95.47           43.29         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
644.....................................................           77.88           90.00           43.30         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
645.....................................................           78.57           90.00           43.37         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
646.....................................................           78.57           80.74           43.79         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
647.....................................................           78.57           79.17           44.07         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
648.....................................................           78.57           77.21           44.01         10.7E-6        -11.0E-3          2.8E+0
649.....................................................           78.57          100.00           44.41          6.8E-6         -7.3E-3          2.3E+0
650.....................................................           78.57           94.45           44.85          2.9E-6         -3.6E-3          1.7E+0
651.....................................................           78.57           90.00           44.83       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
652.....................................................           78.57           90.00           44.78       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
653.....................................................           80.36           90.00           45.00       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
654.....................................................           80.03           90.00           45.80       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
655.....................................................           79.18           90.00           46.46       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
656.....................................................           80.36           90.00           46.54       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
657.....................................................           80.36           90.00           46.12       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
658.....................................................           81.81           81.86           45.94       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
659.....................................................           82.14           80.00           45.81       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
660.....................................................           80.36           81.29           45.45       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
661.....................................................           79.85           92.86           45.81       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
662.....................................................           77.78          100.00           46.26       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
663.....................................................           76.79          100.00           46.32       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
664.....................................................           76.79          100.00           46.28       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
665.....................................................           80.05          100.00           46.46       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
666.....................................................           80.36           99.27           46.92       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
667.....................................................           80.77           90.00           47.16       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
668.....................................................           82.84           90.00           47.58       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
669.....................................................           84.90           90.00           48.04       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
670.....................................................           89.48           82.97           48.05       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
671.....................................................           91.07           80.00           48.02       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
672.....................................................           91.07           70.18           48.00       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
673.....................................................           91.07           80.00           47.97       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
674.....................................................           86.91           50.07           47.95       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
675.....................................................           77.70             (a)           47.95       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
676.....................................................           76.79             (a)           48.86       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
677.....................................................           65.29           22.19           49.92       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
678.....................................................           67.65           39.62           50.26       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
679.....................................................           67.64           48.80           50.18       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
680.....................................................           67.06           37.23           49.91       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
681.....................................................           69.64           34.34           49.90       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
682.....................................................           71.76           40.00           49.88       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
683.....................................................           69.21           47.49           49.87       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
684.....................................................           72.71           50.00           49.86       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
685.....................................................           73.33           39.36           49.85       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
686.....................................................           75.00           27.79           49.83       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
687.....................................................           75.00           16.21           49.82       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
688.....................................................           75.00           15.36           49.67       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
689.....................................................           76.24           26.93           49.60       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
690.....................................................           76.79           30.00           50.23       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
691.....................................................           76.79           30.08           50.78       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
692.....................................................           76.49           40.00           50.77       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
693.....................................................           75.58           40.00           50.76       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
694.....................................................           76.79           35.20           50.64       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
695.....................................................           77.93           30.00           50.14       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
696.....................................................           78.57           22.05           49.74       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
697.....................................................           76.87             (a)           50.07       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
698.....................................................           74.80             (a)           50.56       -935.4E-9        141.2E-6          1.1E+0
699.....................................................           72.74             (a)           50.73         -2.8E-6          2.0E-3        303.9E-3
700.....................................................           72.95             (a)           50.76         -4.7E-6          3.9E-3       -541.4E-3

[[Page 28243]]

 
701.....................................................           76.04             (a)           50.79         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
702.....................................................           75.46             (a)           50.82         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
703.....................................................           73.40             (a)           50.85         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
704.....................................................           71.33             (a)           50.88         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
705.....................................................           69.27             (a)           50.91         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
706.....................................................           67.86            6.31           50.94         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
707.....................................................           70.68               0           50.98         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
708.....................................................           67.11           27.36           51.00         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
709.....................................................           64.29           40.00           51.03         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
710.....................................................           64.29           40.00           51.04         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
711.....................................................           66.07           38.44           51.05         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
712.....................................................           66.07           30.00           51.19         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
713.....................................................           66.07           30.00           51.69         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
714.....................................................           66.07           36.28           52.35         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
715.....................................................           64.67           47.86           52.85         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
716.....................................................           60.92           59.43           53.06         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
717.....................................................           65.89           50.00           53.07         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
718.....................................................           64.75           50.00           53.06         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
719.....................................................           66.07           45.85           53.06         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
720.....................................................           65.04           57.18           53.05         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
721.....................................................           68.20           62.70           53.05         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
722.....................................................           72.81           60.00           53.05         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
723.....................................................           71.59           60.00           53.04         -6.6E-6          5.7E-3         -1.4E+0
724.....................................................           74.64           60.00           53.03         -5.4E-6          4.6E-3       -717.8E-3
725.....................................................           74.50           56.40           53.02         -4.2E-6          3.4E-3        -48.8E-3
726.....................................................           76.79           50.00           53.24         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
727.....................................................           77.99           50.00           53.73         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
728.....................................................           77.09           50.00           53.98         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
729.....................................................           76.79           40.11           53.98         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
730.....................................................           78.83           61.47           53.98         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
731.....................................................           79.27           63.92           53.98         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
732.....................................................           77.61           50.00           53.97         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
733.....................................................           77.46           50.00           53.95         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
734.....................................................           78.17           42.24           53.95         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
735.....................................................           78.57           49.34           53.94         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
736.....................................................           76.79           50.91           53.94         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
737.....................................................           76.79           67.45           53.94         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
738.....................................................           76.79           81.88           54.15         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
739.....................................................           77.79           70.00           54.65         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
740.....................................................           79.86           77.21           54.92         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
741.....................................................           81.93           88.78           54.90         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
742.....................................................           80.42           89.65           54.89         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
743.....................................................           82.14           80.00           54.97         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
744.....................................................           82.77           80.00           55.44         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
745.....................................................           83.93           80.00           55.82         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
746.....................................................           83.93           80.00           55.80         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
747.....................................................           83.93           80.00           55.79         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
748.....................................................           83.93           80.00           55.78         -3.0E-6          2.2E-3        620.2E-3
749.....................................................           83.93           81.37           55.76         -4.7E-6          3.8E-3       -175.5E-3
750.....................................................           84.46           87.05           55.75         -6.4E-6          5.4E-3       -971.1E-3
751.....................................................           85.71           57.40           55.74         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
752.....................................................           85.71           42.19           55.42         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
753.....................................................           85.71           42.33           54.91         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
754.....................................................           85.71           40.00           55.19         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
755.....................................................           85.71           38.37           55.64         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
756.....................................................           85.71           12.83           55.31         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
757.....................................................           85.71             (a)           55.36         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
758.....................................................           85.71             (a)           55.75         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
759.....................................................           85.71             (a)           55.78         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
760.....................................................           87.27            7.37           55.81         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
761.....................................................           89.33           19.74           55.85         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
762.....................................................           91.07           11.83           55.86         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
763.....................................................           91.07           26.81           55.84         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
764.....................................................           91.96           49.96           55.81         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
765.....................................................           92.86           60.00           55.78         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
766.....................................................           91.40           60.00           55.74         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
767.....................................................           92.80           60.00           56.19         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
768.....................................................           92.86           40.00           57.13         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
769.....................................................           92.86           25.75           57.59         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
770.....................................................           92.07             (a)           57.55         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0

[[Page 28244]]

 
771.....................................................           90.00             (a)           57.52         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
772.....................................................           89.29             (a)           57.53         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
773.....................................................           90.92           44.88           57.58         -8.0E-6          7.0E-3         -1.8E+0
774.....................................................           91.07           36.40           57.63         -8.3E-6          7.3E-3         -1.8E+0
775.....................................................           91.07             (a)           57.64         -8.5E-6          7.6E-3         -1.8E+0
776.....................................................           91.07             (a)           58.11         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
777.....................................................           90.10             (a)           58.52         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
778.....................................................           90.54             (a)           58.38         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
779.....................................................           89.54             (a)           58.24         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
780.....................................................           87.47             (a)           58.10         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
781.....................................................           85.71             (a)           57.96         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
782.....................................................           85.71           10.00           57.81         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
783.....................................................           85.71            0.23           57.67         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
784.....................................................           85.71             (a)           57.66         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
785.....................................................           85.71             (a)           57.89         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
786.....................................................           84.00             (a)           58.03         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
787.....................................................           69.64             (a)           57.99         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
788.....................................................           69.15             (a)           57.96         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
789.....................................................           63.99           28.96           57.93         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
790.....................................................           59.98           80.00           57.89         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
791.....................................................           59.38           87.48           57.85         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
792.....................................................           63.78           90.00           57.80         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
793.....................................................           66.19           90.00           57.72         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
794.....................................................           67.46           92.20           57.65         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
795.....................................................           66.74          100.00           57.57         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
796.....................................................           68.81           94.65           57.50         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
797.....................................................           70.88           83.08           57.80         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
798.....................................................           71.43           71.51           58.72         -8.8E-6          7.8E-3         -1.8E+0
799.....................................................           71.44           69.93           59.25         -7.5E-6          6.5E-3         -1.0E+0
800.....................................................           73.51           58.36           59.19         -6.2E-6          5.2E-3       -220.9E-3
801.....................................................           75.00           50.00           59.16         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
802.....................................................           75.00           59.58           59.15         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
803.....................................................           75.00           76.36           59.15         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
804.....................................................           75.00           80.00           59.14         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
805.....................................................           75.00           70.49           59.14         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
806.....................................................           73.21           80.00           59.62         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
807.....................................................           72.74           82.66           59.93         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
808.....................................................           71.43           90.00           59.42         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
809.....................................................           69.36           90.00           59.07         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
810.....................................................           66.54           75.24           59.05         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
811.....................................................           69.27           78.96           59.03         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
812.....................................................           73.12           80.00           59.02         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
813.....................................................           71.80           80.00           59.00         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
814.....................................................           73.21           83.68           58.99         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
815.....................................................           74.15           79.50           58.97         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
816.....................................................           75.00           70.00           58.96         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
817.....................................................           75.00           61.60           58.95         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
818.....................................................           75.00           50.03           58.94         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
819.....................................................           76.79           60.00           58.93         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
820.....................................................           76.79           60.00           58.93         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
821.....................................................           76.79           69.39           59.38         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
822.....................................................           79.03           73.73           59.87         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
823.....................................................           78.96           70.00           59.91         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
824.....................................................           78.57           70.00           59.90         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
825.....................................................           83.93           70.99           59.89         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
826.....................................................           84.38           80.00           59.88         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
827.....................................................           84.97           80.00           59.88         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
828.....................................................           84.95           80.00           59.87         -4.9E-6          3.9E-3        572.0E-3
829.....................................................           84.41           80.00           59.86         -5.0E-6          4.0E-3        657.0E-3
830.....................................................           83.93           80.00           59.85         -5.2E-6          4.1E-3        742.0E-3
831.....................................................           83.93           77.89           59.84         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
832.....................................................           83.93           31.99           60.25         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
833.....................................................           83.93           43.57           60.73         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
834.....................................................           83.93           60.28           60.80         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
835.....................................................           83.93           63.29           60.81         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
836.....................................................           83.93           76.57           60.81         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
837.....................................................           83.93           89.86           60.81         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
838.....................................................           84.19           90.00           60.80         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
839.....................................................           87.32           87.00           60.79         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
840.....................................................           91.88           80.00           60.78         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3

[[Page 28245]]

 
841.....................................................           92.86           73.85           60.77         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
842.....................................................           92.86           62.28           60.34         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
843.....................................................           92.86           69.29           59.34         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
844.....................................................           94.64           70.00           58.76         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
845.....................................................           94.64           62.70           58.76         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
846.....................................................           94.64           40.00           58.75         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
847.....................................................           93.64           40.00           58.75         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
848.....................................................           92.86           32.85           58.57         -5.4E-6          4.2E-3        827.0E-3
849.....................................................           92.86           30.00           58.08         -6.3E-6          5.0E-3        149.3E-3
850.....................................................           92.86            0.30           57.77         -7.2E-6          5.8E-3       -528.4E-3
851.....................................................           92.53           11.87           57.78         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
852.....................................................           89.84           13.12           57.80         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
853.....................................................           87.50            5.01           57.82         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
854.....................................................           86.32           10.00           57.84         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
855.....................................................           85.71             (a)           57.86         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
856.....................................................           85.71             (a)           57.88         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
857.....................................................           85.71             (a)           57.99         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
858.....................................................           85.21             (a)           58.19         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
859.....................................................           83.93             (a)           58.39         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
860.....................................................           83.93             (a)           58.59         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
861.....................................................           85.29            5.18           58.79         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
862.....................................................           87.35             (a)           59.00         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
863.....................................................           87.50             (a)           57.32         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
864.....................................................           87.50             (a)           58.15         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
865.....................................................           86.80             (a)           58.57         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
866.....................................................           85.71            6.35           58.99         -8.1E-6          6.6E-3         -1.2E+0
867.....................................................           85.71           12.98           59.41         -2.7E-6          2.2E-3       -402.0E-3
868.....................................................           85.71           10.00           59.38          2.7E-6         -2.2E-3        402.0E-3
869.....................................................           85.65           10.00           58.90          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
870.....................................................           82.14           10.00           58.42          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
871.....................................................           82.14           10.00           57.46          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
872.....................................................           83.02           14.89           55.85          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
873.....................................................           83.93           13.54           54.38          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
874.....................................................           81.06           42.12           53.19          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
875.....................................................           78.64           40.40           52.00          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
876.....................................................           76.99           30.00           50.80          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
877.....................................................           78.57           32.75           49.59          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
878.....................................................           77.80           44.32           48.39          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
879.....................................................           75.73           50.00           47.07          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
880.....................................................           73.67           50.00           45.71          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
881.....................................................           73.21           50.00           44.46          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
882.....................................................           73.32           40.00           43.27          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
883.....................................................           74.22           35.64           42.10          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
884.....................................................           71.43           20.00           40.89          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
885.....................................................           75.23           51.95           39.61          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
886.....................................................           77.34           66.21           38.22          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
887.....................................................           75.28           60.00           36.96          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
888.....................................................           73.21            9.96           36.06          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
889.....................................................           70.85            1.61           35.23          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
890.....................................................           67.29           19.56           34.02          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
891.....................................................           65.22           40.00           32.37          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
892.....................................................           63.15            8.35           30.81          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
893.....................................................           61.09             (a)           29.57          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
894.....................................................           42.10            8.95           28.26          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
895.....................................................           31.96           10.00           25.94          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
896.....................................................           29.42            7.38           23.56          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
897.....................................................           26.04             (a)           22.00          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
898.....................................................           14.71             (a)           19.21          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
899.....................................................            1.90             (a)           16.51          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
900.....................................................               0               0           12.12          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
901.....................................................               0               0            7.07          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
902.....................................................               0               0            2.60          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
903.....................................................               0               0               0          8.1E-6         -6.6E-3          1.2E+0
904.....................................................               0               0               0         11.0E-6        -10.7E-3          3.0E+0
905.....................................................               0               0               0         14.0E-6        -14.8E-3          4.9E+0
906.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
907.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
908.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
909.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
910.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0

[[Page 28246]]

 
911.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
912.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
913.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
914.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
915.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
916.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
917.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
918.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
919.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
920.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
921.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
922.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
923.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
924.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
925.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
926.....................................................               0               0               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
927.....................................................               0            3.67               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
928.....................................................               0           47.69               0         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
929.....................................................            2.78           59.41            0.33         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
930.....................................................            8.12           84.54            1.67         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
931.....................................................           13.95           80.00            2.83         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
932.....................................................           29.90           80.00            4.02         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
933.....................................................           33.87           79.29            5.64         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
934.....................................................           27.86           38.25            7.39         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
935.....................................................           19.63           26.67            8.83         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
936.....................................................           26.79           15.10            9.15         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
937.....................................................           19.85           16.47            9.70         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
938.....................................................           17.51           28.05           11.37         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
939.....................................................           17.86           20.38           13.04         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
940.....................................................           16.37             (a)           14.74         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
941.....................................................            5.85             (a)           16.41         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
942.....................................................           14.13             (a)           16.85         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
943.....................................................           21.10             (a)           16.09         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
944.....................................................           15.63             (a)           15.23         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
945.....................................................           12.67           62.52           14.22         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
946.....................................................           14.86           69.36           13.02         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
947.....................................................           24.79           60.00           12.47         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
948.....................................................           33.06           63.79           13.05         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
949.....................................................           42.29           75.36           14.26         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
950.....................................................           48.90           80.00           15.09         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
951.....................................................           51.52           80.00           15.42         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
952.....................................................           48.24           79.92           15.96         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
953.....................................................           51.79           65.03           16.58         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
954.....................................................           52.37           43.23           17.61         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
955.....................................................           56.14           50.00           18.33         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
956.....................................................           62.35           50.00           18.65         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
957.....................................................           64.29           42.05           19.67         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
958.....................................................           67.69           40.00           20.47         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
959.....................................................           75.20           42.20           20.57         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
960.....................................................           74.88           41.28           20.68         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
961.....................................................           71.92             (a)           21.56         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
962.....................................................           71.88             (a)           23.19         16.9E-6        -18.8E-3          6.7E+0
963.....................................................           69.64             (a)           23.64          5.6E-6         -6.3E-3          2.2E+0
964.....................................................           71.24             (a)           22.75         -5.6E-6          6.3E-3         -2.2E+0
965.....................................................           71.72           30.54           21.81        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
966.....................................................           76.41           42.12           20.79        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
967.....................................................           73.02           50.00           19.86        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
968.....................................................           69.64           50.00           19.18        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
969.....................................................           72.09           43.16           18.75        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
970.....................................................           82.23           73.65           18.43        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
971.....................................................           78.58             (a)           18.61        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
972.....................................................           75.00             (a)           19.11        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
973.....................................................           75.00             (a)           18.76        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
974.....................................................           72.47             (a)           17.68        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
975.....................................................           62.91             (a)           16.46        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
976.....................................................           58.93           13.57           15.06        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
977.....................................................           55.56           29.43           13.41        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
978.....................................................           57.14           20.00           11.91        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
979.....................................................           56.68           17.42           11.09        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
980.....................................................           53.88           10.00           10.90        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0

[[Page 28247]]

 
981.....................................................           50.76           10.00           11.40        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
982.....................................................           50.00             (a)           12.38        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
983.....................................................           46.83             (a)           13.02        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
984.....................................................           35.63           10.00           12.30        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
985.....................................................           32.48           10.00           10.32        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
986.....................................................           26.79           10.00            9.70        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
987.....................................................           24.94           10.00           11.05        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
988.....................................................           23.21           16.74           11.88        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
989.....................................................           24.70            3.36           12.21        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
990.....................................................           25.00             (a)           13.29        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
991.....................................................           24.47             (a)           13.73        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
992.....................................................           18.71             (a)           12.77        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
993.....................................................           10.85             (a)           11.46        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
994.....................................................            3.40             (a)            9.84        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
995.....................................................               0               0            7.62        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
996.....................................................               0               0            3.57        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
997.....................................................               0            0.91            1.33        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
998.....................................................               0            7.52               0        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
999.....................................................               0               0               0        -16.9E-6         18.8E-3         -6.7E+0
1,000...................................................               0               0               0         -4.1E-6          5.5E-3         -3.8E+0
1,001...................................................               0               0               0          8.7E-6         -7.9E-3       -814.6E-3
1,002...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,003...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,005...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,030...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,031...................................................            1.58             (a)               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,032...................................................            1.43             (a)               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,034...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,035...................................................            1.91            9.28               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,036...................................................            2.75               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,037...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,038...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,039...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,040...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,041...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,042...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,043...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,044...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,045...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,046...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,047...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,048...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,049...................................................               0            5.51               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,050...................................................               0           11.34               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0

[[Page 28248]]

 
1,051...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,052...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,054...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,057...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,060...................................................               0            0.21               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,088...................................................               0           11.73               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
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1,113...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,114...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,115...................................................               0               0               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,116...................................................               0           73.41               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,117...................................................               0           90.00               0         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,118...................................................           27.95           81.30            2.83         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,119...................................................           36.74           90.00            5.87         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,120...................................................           39.29           90.00            8.67         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0

[[Page 28249]]

 
1,121...................................................           41.44           90.00           11.47         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,122...................................................           45.57           82.41           14.26         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,123...................................................           59.52           80.00           16.91         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,124...................................................           66.99           90.00           18.33         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,125...................................................           80.22           90.00           19.35         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,126...................................................           86.41           93.88           21.55         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,127...................................................           86.53           50.94           24.84         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,128...................................................           84.46           17.02           26.81         21.5E-6        -21.2E-3          2.1E+0
1,129...................................................           88.54           28.60           28.36         16.8E-6        -16.9E-3          2.2E+0
1,130...................................................           89.29           39.83           30.31         12.1E-6        -12.5E-3          2.2E+0
1,131...................................................           89.29           30.00           30.82          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,132...................................................           89.29           26.69           30.86          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,133...................................................           90.16           20.00           31.82          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,134...................................................           89.92           20.00           33.33          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,135...................................................           89.29           36.06           34.20          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,136...................................................           85.86           40.00           33.82          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,137...................................................           85.51           30.00           33.51          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,138...................................................           84.42           32.75           33.87          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,139...................................................           86.48           35.68           34.70          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,140...................................................           88.55           30.00           36.14          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,141...................................................           89.29           44.93           37.60          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,142...................................................           90.90           50.00           38.09          7.4E-6         -8.1E-3          2.3E+0
1,143...................................................           77.27             (a)           38.13          2.5E-6         -2.7E-3        766.4E-3
1,144...................................................           56.75             (a)           38.05         -2.5E-6          2.7E-3       -766.4E-3
1,145...................................................           50.00             (a)           37.47         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,146...................................................           41.07             (a)           36.69         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,147...................................................           37.38           45.18           35.89         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,148...................................................           34.21           78.47           35.06         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,149...................................................           32.13           80.00           34.63         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,150...................................................           27.71           80.00           34.13         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,151...................................................           22.64           80.00           33.15         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,152...................................................           20.58           60.97           32.12         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,153...................................................           16.25           27.34           31.02         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,154...................................................           11.46           43.71           29.82         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,155...................................................            9.02           68.95           28.41         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,156...................................................            3.38           68.95           26.91         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,157...................................................            1.32           44.28           25.53         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,158...................................................               0               0           24.21         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,159...................................................               0               0           22.88         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,160...................................................               0               0           18.40         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,161...................................................               0               0           13.93         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,162...................................................               0               0            9.45         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,163...................................................               0               0            4.98         -7.4E-6          8.1E-3         -2.3E+0
1,164...................................................               0               0            0.50         -4.9E-6          5.4E-3         -1.5E+0
1,165...................................................               0           24.97               0         -2.5E-6          2.7E-3       -766.4E-3
1,166...................................................               0           17.16               0               0               0               0
1,167...................................................               0            6.20               0               0               0               0
1,168...................................................               0           10.00               0               0               0               0
1,169...................................................               0           10.00               0               0               0               0
1,170...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,171...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,172...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,173...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,174...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,175...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,176...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,177...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,178...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,179...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,180...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,181...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,182...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,183...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,184...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,185...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,186...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,187...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,188...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,189...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,190...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0

[[Page 28250]]

 
1,191...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,192...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,193...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,194...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,195...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,196...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,197...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,198...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
1,199...................................................               0               0               0               0               0               0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Closed throttle motoring.

PART 1037--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW HEAVY-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES

0
124. The authority statement for part 1037 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
125. Amend Sec.  1037.103 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.103  Evaporative and refueling emission standards.

* * * * *
    (c) Compliance demonstration. You may provide a statement in the 
application for certification that vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR 
comply with evaporative and refueling emission standards instead of 
submitting test data if you include an engineering analysis describing 
how vehicles include design parameters, equipment, operating controls, 
or other elements of design that adequately demonstrate that vehicles 
comply with the standards throughout the useful life. We would expect 
emission control components and systems to exhibit a comparable degree 
of control relative to vehicles that comply based on testing. For 
example, vehicles that comply under this paragraph (c) should rely on 
comparable material specifications to limit fuel permeation, and 
components should be sized and calibrated to correspond with the 
appropriate fuel capacities, fuel flow rates, purge strategies, and 
other vehicle operating characteristics. You may alternatively show 
that design parameters are comparable to those for vehicles at or below 
14,000 pounds GVWR certified under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
* * * * *
0
126. Amend Sec.  1037.105 by revising the section heading and paragraph 
(h)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.105  CO2 emission standards for vocational vehicles.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (1) The following alternative emission standards apply by vehicle 
type and model year as follows:

                          Table 5 of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 2 Custom Chassis Standards
                                                  [g/ton-mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Vehicle type \a\                  Assigned vehicle service class    MY  2021-2026     MY  2027+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
School bus....................................  Medium HDV......................             291             271
Motor home....................................  Medium HDV......................             228             226
Coach bus.....................................  Heavy HDV.......................             210             205
Other bus.....................................  Heavy HDV.......................             300             286
Refuse hauler.................................  Heavy HDV.......................             313             298
Concrete mixer................................  Heavy HDV.......................             319             316
Mixed-use vehicle.............................  Heavy HDV.......................             319             316
Emergency vehicle.............................  Heavy HDV.......................             324             319
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Vehicle types are generally defined in Sec.   1037.801. ``Other bus'' includes any bus that is not a school
  bus or a coach bus. A ``mixed-use vehicle'' is one that meets at least one of the criteria specified in Sec.
  1037.631(a)(1) and at least one of the criteria in Sec.   1037.631(a)(2), but not both.

* * * * *
0
127. Amend Sec.  1037.106 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.106  Exhaust emission standards for tractors above 26,000 
pounds GVWR.

* * * * *
    (b) The CO2 standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds 
GVWR in Table 1 of this section apply based on modeling and testing as 
described in subpart F of this part. The provisions of Sec.  1037.241 
specify how to comply with these standards.

                                Table 1 of Sec.   1037.106--CO2 Standards for Class 7 and Class 8 Tractors by Model Year
                                                                      [g/ton-mile]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        Phase 1          Phase 1          Phase 2          Phase 2           Phase 2
                                                                     standards for    standards for    standards for    standards for     standards for
                          Subcategory \a\                             model years      model years      model years      model years    model year  2027
                                                                       2014-2016        2017-2020        2021-2023        2024-2026         and later
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 7 Low-Roof (all cab styles).................................              107              104            105.5             99.8              96.2

[[Page 28251]]

 
Class 7 Mid-Roof (all cab styles).................................              119              115            113.2            107.1             103.4
Class 7 High-Roof (all cab styles)................................              124              120            113.5            106.6             100.0
Class 8 Low-Roof Day Cab..........................................               81               80             80.5             76.2              73.4
Class 8 Low-Roof Sleeper Cab......................................               68               66             72.3             68.0              64.1
Class 8 Mid-Roof Day Cab..........................................               88               86             85.4             80.9              78.0
Class 8 Mid-Roof Sleeper Cab......................................               76               73             78.0             73.5              69.6
Class 8 High-Roof Day Cab.........................................               92               89             85.6             80.4              75.7
Class 8 High-Roof Sleeper Cab.....................................               75               72             75.7             70.7              64.3
Heavy-Haul Tractors...............................................  ...............  ...............             52.4             50.2              48.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Sub-category terms are defined in Sec.   1037.801.

* * * * *
0
128. Amend Sec.  1037.115 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.115  Other requirements.

* * * * *
    (e) Air conditioning leakage. Loss of refrigerant from your air 
conditioning systems may not exceed a total leakage rate of 11.0 grams 
per year or a percent leakage rate of 1.50 percent per year, whichever 
is greater. This applies for all refrigerants. Calculate the total 
leakage rate in g/year as specified in 40 CFR 86.1867-12(a). Calculate 
the percent leakage rate as: [total leakage rate (g/yr)] / [total 
refrigerant capacity (g)] x 100. Round your percent leakage rate to the 
nearest one-hundredth of a percent.
    (1) This paragraph (e) is intended to address air conditioning 
systems for which the primary purpose is to cool the driver 
compartment. This would generally include all complete pickups and 
vans. This paragraph (e) does not apply for refrigeration units on 
trailers. Similarly, it does not apply for self-contained air 
conditioning or refrigeration units on vocational vehicles. Air 
conditioning and refrigeration units may be considered to be self-
contained whether or not they draw power from the propulsion engines.
    (2) For purposes of this requirement, ``refrigerant capacity'' is 
the total mass of refrigerant recommended by the vehicle manufacturer 
as representing a full charge. Where full charge is specified as a 
pressure, use good engineering judgment to convert the pressure and 
system volume to a mass.
    (3) If air conditioning systems with capacity above 3000 grams of 
refrigerant are designed such that a compliance demonstration under 40 
CFR 86.1867-12(a) is impossible or impractical, you may ask to use 
alternative means to demonstrate that your air conditioning system 
achieves an equivalent level of control.
0
129. Amend Sec.  1037.120 by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1037.120  Emission-related warranty requirements.

* * * * *
    (b) * * * (1) Your emission-related warranty must be valid for at 
least:
    (i) 5 years or 50,000 miles for Light HDV (except tires).
    (ii) 5 years or 100,000 miles for Medium HDV and Heavy HDV (except 
tires).
    (iii) 5 years for trailers (except tires).
    (iv) 1 year for tires installed on trailers, and 2 years or 24,000 
miles for all other tires.
* * * * *
0
130. Amend Sec.  1037.140 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.140  Classifying vehicles and determining vehicle 
parameters.

* * * * *
    (g) The standards and other provisions of this part apply to 
specific vehicle service classes for tractors and vocational vehicles 
as follows:
    (1) Phase 1 and Phase 2 tractors are divided based on GVWR into 
Class 7 tractors and Class 8 tractors. Where provisions apply to both 
tractors and vocational vehicles, Class 7 tractors are considered 
``Medium HDV'' and Class 8 tractors are considered ``Heavy HDV''. This 
applies for both hybrid and non-hybrid vehicles.
    (2) Phase 1 vocational vehicles are divided based on GVWR. ``Light 
HDV'' includes Class 2b through Class 5 vehicles; ``Medium HDV includes 
Class 6 and Class 7 vehicles; and ``Heavy HDV includes Class 8 
vehicles.
    (3) This paragraph (g)(3) applies for Phase 2 vocational vehicles 
propelled by engines subject to the spark-ignition standards of 40 CFR 
part 1036. For these vehicles, ``Light HDV'' includes Class 2b through 
Class 5 vehicles, and ``Medium HDV'' includes Class 6 through Class 8 
vehicles.
    (4) This paragraph (g)(4) applies for Phase 2 vocational vehicles 
propelled by engines subject to the compression-ignition standards or 
40 CFR part 1036.
    (i) Class 2b through Class 5 vehicles are considered ``Light HDV''.
    (ii) Class 6 through 8 vehicles are considered ``Heavy HDV'' if the 
installed engine's primary intended service class is heavy heavy-duty 
(see 40 CFR 1036.140).
    (iii) Class 8 hybrid and electric vehicles are considered ``heavy 
HDV''.
    (iv) All other Class 6 through Class 8 vehicles are considered 
``Medium HDV''.
    (5) In certain circumstances, you may certify vehicles to standards 
that apply for a different vehicle service class. For example, see 
Sec. Sec.  1037.105(g) and 1037.106(f). If you optionally certify 
vehicles to different standards, those vehicles are subject to all the 
regulatory requirements as if the standards were mandatory.
* * * * *
0
131. Amend Sec.  1037.150 by revising paragraphs (c), (s), (y)(4), and 
(aa)(2) and adding paragraph (bb) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.150  Interim provisions.

* * * * *
    (c) Provisions for small manufacturers. Standards apply on a 
delayed schedule for manufacturers meeting the small business criteria 
specified in 13 CFR 121.201. Apply the small business criteria for 
NAICS code 336120 for vocational vehicles and tractors and 336212 for 
trailers; the employee limits apply to the total number employees 
together for affiliated companies. Qualifying small manufacturers are 
not subject to the greenhouse gas standards of Sec. Sec.  1037.105 and 
1037.106 for vehicles with a date of

[[Page 28252]]

manufacture before January 1, 2022, Similarly, qualifying small 
manufacturers are not subject to the greenhouse gas standards of Sec.  
1037.107 for trailers with a date of manufacture before January 1, 
2019. In addition, qualifying small manufacturers producing vehicles 
that run on any fuel other than gasoline, E85, or diesel fuel may delay 
complying with every later standard under this part by one model year. 
Qualifying manufacturers must notify the Designated Compliance Officer 
each model year before introducing these excluded vehicles into U.S. 
commerce. This notification must include a description of the 
manufacturer's qualification as a small business under 13 CFR 121.201. 
You must label your excluded vehicles with the following statement: 
``THIS VEHICLE IS EXCLUDED UNDER 40 CFR 1037.150(c).'' Small 
manufacturers may certify their vehicles under this part 1037 before 
standards start to apply; however, they may generate emission credits 
only if they certify their entire U.S.-directed production volume 
within the applicable averaging set for that model year. See paragraphs 
(r), (t), (y), and (aa) of this section for additional allowances for 
small manufacturers.
* * * * *
    (s) Confirmatory testing for Falt-aero. If we conduct coastdown 
testing to verify your Falt-aero value for Phase 2 tractors, 
we will make our determination using a statistical analysis consistent 
with the principles of SEA testing in Sec.  1037.305. We will calculate 
confidence intervals from a minimum of 100 valid runs using the same 
SEA equations and will not replace your test results with ours if your 
result falls within our confidence interval or is greater than our test 
result. Note that we intend to minimize the differences between our 
test conditions and those of the manufacturer by testing at similar 
times of the year where possible.
* * * * *
    (y) * * *
    (4) Small manufacturers that certify their entire U.S.-directed 
production volume to the Phase 1 standards for calendar year 2021 may 
certify to the Phase 1 standards for model year 2022 (instead of the 
otherwise applicable Phase 2 standards). Phase 1 vehicle credits they 
generate from model year 2018 through 2022 vocational vehicles may be 
used through model year 2027 (instead of being subject to the five-year 
credit life).
* * * * *
    (aa) * * *
    (2) You may produce up to 200 drayage tractors in a given model 
year that are certified to the standards described in Sec.  1037.105(h) 
for ``other buses''. This limit applies with respect to vehicles 
produced by you and your affiliated companies. Treat these drayage 
tractors as being in their own averaging set.
    (bb) Applying good engineering judgment in selecting vocational 
duty cycles. Except as specified in paragraph (z) of this section, 
compliance with the following criteria is deemed to be consistent with 
good engineering judgment. Note that paragraph (bb) addresses whether 
other selection criteria are consistent with good engineering judgment.
    (1) Any vocational vehicle may be classified as Multi-purpose.
    (2) Your vocational vehicles not classified as Multi-purpose must 
be classified and Regional and Urban as specified in this paragraph 
(bb)(2). We are proposing a quantitative measure of that evaluates the 
ratio Regional vehicles to Urban vehicles within an averaging set. 
Specifically, ratio of Regional vehicles to Urban vehicles in each 
averaging set must be between 1:5 and 5:1. An equivalent way of saying 
this is that the number of Regional vehicles divided by the number of 
Urban vehicles would need to be between 0.20 and 5.0.
0
132. Amend Sec.  1037.201 by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.201  General requirements for obtaining a certificate of 
conformity.

* * * * *
    (h) The certification and testing provisions of 40 CFR part 86, 
subpart S, apply instead of the provisions of this subpart relative to 
the evaporative and refueling emission standards specified in Sec.  
1037.103, except that Sec.  1037.243 describes how to demonstrate 
compliance with evaporative emission standards. For vehicles that do 
not use an evaporative canister for controlling diurnal emissions, you 
may certify with respect to exhaust emissions and use the provisions of 
Sec.  1037.622 to let a different company certify with respect to 
evaporative emissions.
* * * * *
0
133. Amend Sec.  1037.205 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.205  What must I include in my application?

* * * * *
    (e) Describe any test equipment and procedures that you used, 
including any special or alternate test procedures you used (see Sec.  
1037.501). Include information describing the procedures you used to 
determine CdA values as specified in Sec. Sec.  1037.525 
through 1037.527. Describe which type of data you are using for engine 
fuel maps (see 40 CFR 1036.503). If your trailer certification relies 
on approved data from device manufacturers, identify the device and 
device manufacturer.
* * * * *
0
134. Amend Sec.  1037.225 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.225  Amending applications for certification.

* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For vehicle families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing a new or modified vehicle 
configuration any time after you send us your amended application and 
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, 
if we determine that the affected vehicles do not meet applicable 
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the vehicles 
and may require you to recall the vehicles at no expense to the owner. 
Choosing to produce vehicles under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be 
consent to recall all vehicles that we determine do not meet applicable 
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide 
information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days 
after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified 
vehicles.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
* * * * *
0
135. Amend Sec.  1037.230 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1037.230  Vehicle families, sub-families, and configurations.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Apply subcategories for tractors (other than vocational 
tractors) as shown in the following table:

[[Page 28253]]

            Table 2 of Sec.   1037.230--Tractor Subcategories
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-roof tractors...........  Low-roof day cabs...  Low-roof sleeper
                                                     cabs.
Mid-roof tractors...........  Mid-roof day cabs...  Mid-roof sleeper
                                                     cabs.
High-roof tractors..........  High-roof day cabs..  High-roof sleeper
                                                     cabs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Heavy-haul tractors (starting with Phase
                                                   2)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (i) For vehicles certified to the optional tractor standards in 
Sec.  1037.670, assign the subcategories as described in Sec.  
1037.670.
    (ii) For vehicles intended for export to Canada, you may assign the 
subcategories as specified in the Canadian regulations.
* * * * *
0
136. Amend Sec.  1037.235 by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.235  Testing requirements for certification.

* * * * *
    (h) You may ask us to use analytically derived GEM inputs for 
untested configurations as identified in subpart F of this part based 
on interpolation of all relevant measured values for related 
configurations, consistent with good engineering judgment. We may 
establish specific approval criteria based on prevailing industry 
practice. If we allow this, we may test any configurations. We may also 
require you to test any configurations as part of a selective 
enforcement audit.
0
137. Amend Sec.  1037.243 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.243  Demonstrating compliance with evaporative emission 
standards.

* * * * *
    (c) Apply deterioration factors to measured emission levels for 
comparing to the emission standard. Establish an additive deterioration 
factor based on an engineering analysis that takes into account the 
expected aging from in-use vehicles.
* * * * *
0
138. Revise Sec.  1037.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
vehicle family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we 
will issue a certificate of conformity for the vehicle family for that 
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that a vehicle family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce vehicles for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all vehicles being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act or this part, with respect to a vehicle family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for a vehicle family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for a vehicle family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete 
after submission.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1037.820).
0
139. Amend Sec.  1037.301 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.301  Overview of measurements related to GEM inputs in a 
selective enforcement audit.

* * * * *
    (b) A selective enforcement audit for this part 1037 consists of 
performing measurements with production vehicles relative to one or 
more declared values for GEM inputs, and using those measured values in 
place of your declared values to run GEM. Except as specified in this 
subpart, the vehicle is considered passing if the new modeled emission 
result is at or below the modeled emission result corresponding to the 
declared GEM inputs. If you report an FEL for the vehicle configuration 
before the audit, we will instead consider the vehicle passing if the 
new cycle-weighted emission result is at or below the FEL.
* * * * *
0
140. Amend Sec.  1037.305 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.305  Audit procedures for tractors--aerodynamic testing.

    To perform a selective enforcement audit with respect to drag area 
for tractors, use the reference method specified in Sec.  1037.525; we 
may instead require you to use the same method you used for 
certification. The following provisions apply instead of 40 CFR 
1068.415 through 1068.425 for a selective enforcement audit with 
respect to drag area:
    (a) Determine whether or not a tractor fails to meet standards as 
follows:
    (1) We will select a vehicle configuration for testing. Perform a 
coastdown measurement with the vehicle in its production configuration 
according to Sec.  1037.528. Instead of the process described in Sec.  
1037.528(h)(12), determine your test result as described in this 
paragraph (a). You must have an equal number of runs in each direction.
    (2) Measure a yaw curve for your test vehicle using your alternate 
method according to Sec.  1037.525(b)(3). You do not need to test at 
the coastdown effective yaw angle. You may use a previously established 
yaw curve from your certification testing if it is available.
    (3) Using this yaw curve, perform a regression using values of drag 
area, CdAalt, and yaw angle, [psi]alt, 
to determine the air-direction correction coefficients, a0, 
a1, a2,  a3, and a4, for 
the following equation:

[[Page 28254]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.042

    (4) Adjust the drag area value from each coastdown run, 
CdArun, from the yaw angle of each run, 
[psi]run, to 4.5[deg] to represent a wind-
averaged drag area value, CdAwa by applying Eq. 
1037.305-1 as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.043

    (5) Perform additional coastdown measurements until you reach a 
pass or fail decision under this paragraph (a). The minimum number of 
runs to pass is 24. The minimum number of runs to fail is 100.
    (6) Calculate statistical values to characterize cumulative test 
results at least once per day based on an equal number of coastdown 
runs in each direction. Determine the wind-averaged drag area value for 
the test CdAwa by averaging all 
CdAwa-run values for all days of testing. 
Determine the upper and lower bounds of the drag area value, 
CdAwa-bounded, expressed to two decimal places, 
using a confidence interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.044

Where:

CdAwa-bounded = the upper bound, 
CdAwa-upper, and lower bound, 
CdAwa-lower of the drag area value, where 
CdAwa-upper is the larger number.
CdAwa = the average of all 
CdAwa-run values.
[sigma] = the standard deviation of all CdArun 
values (see 40 CFR 1065.602(c)).
n = the total number of coastdown runs.

    (7) Compliance is determined based on the values of 
CdAwa-upper and CdAwa-lower 
relative to the adjusted bin boundary. For purposes of this section, 
the upper limit of a bin is expressed as the specified value plus 0.05 
to account for rounding. For example, for a bin including values of 
5.5-5.9 m\2\, being above the upper limit means exceeding 5.95 m\2\. 
The vehicle reaches a pass or fail decision relative to the adjusted 
bin boundary based on one of the following criteria:
    (i) The vehicle passes if CdAwa-upper is less 
than or equal to the upper limit of the bin to which you certified the 
vehicle.
    (ii) The vehicle fails if CdAwa-lower is 
greater than the upper limit of the bin to which you certified the 
vehicle.
    (iii) The vehicle passes if you perform 100 coastdown runs and 
CdAwa-upper is greater than and 
CdAwa-lower is lower than the upper limit of the 
bin to which you certified the vehicle.
    (iv) The vehicle fails if you choose to stop testing before 
reaching a final determination under this paragraph (a)(7).
    (v) Manufacturers may continue testing beyond the stopping point 
specified in this paragraph (a)(7). We may consider the additional data 
in making pass/fail determinations.
* * * * *
0
141. Revise Sec.  1037.320 to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.320  Audit procedures for axles and transmissions.

    Selective enforcement audit provisions apply for axles and 
transmissions relative to the efficiency demonstrations of Sec. Sec.  
1037.560 and 1037.565 as specified in this section. The following 
provisions apply instead of 40 CFR 1068.415 through 1068.445 for the 
selective enforcement audit.
    (a) A selective enforcement audit for axles or transmissions would 
consist of performing measurements with a production axle or 
transmission to determine mean power loss values as declared for GEM 
simulations, and running GEM over one or more applicable duty cycles 
based on those measured values. The axle or transmission is considered 
passing for a given configuration if the new modeled emission result 
for every applicable duty cycle is at or below the modeled emission 
result corresponding to the declared GEM inputs.
    (b) Run GEM for each applicable vehicle configuration identified in 
40 CFR 1036.540. For axle testing, this may require omitting several 
vehicle configurations based on selecting axle ratios that correspond 
to the tested axle. The GEM result for each vehicle configuration 
counts as a separate test for determining whether the family passes the 
audit.
    (c) If the initial axle or transmission passes, the family passes 
and no further testing is required. If the initial axle or transmission 
does not pass, select two additional production axles or transmissions, 
as applicable, to perform additional tests. Use good engineering 
judgment to combine the results of the three tests into a single map. 
This becomes the official test result for the family.
0
142. Amend Sec.  1037.501 by adding paragraph (i) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.501  General testing and modeling provisions.

* * * * *
    (i) Note that declared GEM inputs for fuel maps and aerodynamic 
drag area will typically include compliance margins to account for 
testing

[[Page 28255]]

variability. For other measured GEM inputs, the declared values will 
typically be the measured values.
0
143. Amend Sec.  1037.510 by revising paragraphs (a)(2), (c)(3), (d), 
and (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.510  Duty-cycle exhaust testing.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) Perform cycle-average engine fuel mapping as described in 40 
CFR 1036.540. For powertrain testing under Sec. Sec.  1037.550 or 
1037.555, perform testing as described in this paragraph (a)(2) to 
generate GEM inputs for each simulated vehicle configuration, and test 
runs representing different idle conditions. Perform testing as 
follows:
    (i) Transient cycle. The transient cycle is specified in Appendix I 
of this part.
    (ii) Highway cruise cycles. The grade portion of the route 
corresponding to the 55 mi/hr and 65 mi/hr highway cruise cycles is 
specified in Appendix IV of this part. Maintain vehicle speed between -
1.0 mi/hr and 3.0 mi/hr of the speed setpoint; this speed tolerance 
applies instead of the approach specified in 40 CFR 1066.425(b)(1) and 
(2).
    (iii) Drive idle. Perform testing at a loaded idle condition for 
Phase 2 vocational vehicles. For engines with an adjustable warm idle 
speed setpoint, test at the minimum warm idle speed and the maximum 
warm idle speed, otherwise test at the engine's warm idle speed. Warm 
up the powertrain using the vehicle settings for the Test 1 vehicle 
configuration as defined in Table 2 or Table 3 of 40 CFR 1036.540 by 
operating it at 65 mi/hr for 600 seconds. Linearly ramp the powertrain 
to zero vehicle speed in 20 seconds. Set the engine to operate at idle 
speed for 90 seconds, with the brake applied and the transmission in 
drive (or clutch depressed for manual transmission), and sample 
emissions to determine mean emission values (in g/s) over the last 30 
seconds of idling.
    (iv) Parked idle. Perform testing at an unloaded idle condition for 
Phase 2 vocational vehicles. For engines with an adjustable warm idle 
speed setpoint, test at the minimum warm idle speed and the maximum 
warm idle speed, otherwise test at the engine's warm idle speed. Warm 
up the powertrain using the vehicle settings for the Test 1 vehicle 
configuration by operating it at 65 mi/hr for 600 seconds. Linearly 
ramp the powertrain to zero vehicle speed in 20 seconds. Set the engine 
to operate at idle speed for 780 seconds, with the transmission in park 
(or the transmission in neutral with the parking brake applied for 
manual transmissions), and sample emissions to determine mean emission 
values (in g/s) over the last 600 seconds of idling.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (3) Table 1 follows:

                                              Table 1 of Sec.   1037.510--Weighting Factors for Duty Cycles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Distance-weighted  (%)                          Time-weighted \a\  (%)               Average speed
                                         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   during non-
                                                             55 mi/hr        65 mi/hr                                                       idle cycles
                                             Transient        cruise          cruise        Drive idle      Parked idle      Non-idle       (mi/hr) \b\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Day Cabs................................              19              17              64  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............
Sleeper Cabs............................               5               9              86  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............
Heavy-haul tractors.....................              19              17              64  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............
Vocational--Regional....................              20              24              56               0              25              75           38.41
Vocational--Multi-Purpose (2b-7)........              54              29              17              17              25              58           23.18
Vocational--Multi-Purpose (8)...........              54              23              23              17              25              58           23.27
Vocational--Urban (2b-7)................              92               8               0              15              25              60           16.25
Vocational--Urban (8)...................              90              10               0              15              25              60           16.51
Vocational with conventional powertrain               42              21              37  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............
 (Phase 1 only).........................
Vocational Hybrid Vehicles (Phase 1                   75               9              16  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............
 only)..................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Note that these drive idle and non-idle weighting factors do not reflect additional drive idle that occurs during the transient cycle. The transient
  cycle does not include any parked idle.
\b\ These values apply even for vehicles not following the specified speed traces.

    (d) For transient testing, compare actual second-by-second vehicle 
speed with the speed specified in the test cycle and ensure any 
differences are consistent with the criteria as specified in 40 CFR 
1066.425(b) and (c). If the speeds do not conform to these criteria, 
the test is not valid and must be repeated.
    (e) Run test cycles as specified in 40 CFR part 1066. For testing 
vehicles equipped with cruise control over the highway cruise cycles, 
you may use the vehicle's cruise control to control the vehicle speed. 
For vehicles equipped with adjustable vehicle speed limiters, test the 
vehicle with the vehicle speed limiter at its highest setting.
* * * * *
0
144. Amend Sec.  1037.515 by revising the section heading and paragraph 
(d)(2) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.515  Determining CO2 emissions to show compliance for 
trailers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Apply weight reductions for other components made with light-
weight materials as shown in the following table:

[[Page 28256]]

       Table 3 of Sec.   1037.515--Weight Reductions for Trailers
                                [pounds]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Weight
             Component                    Material           reduction
                                                             (pounds)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Structure for Suspension Assembly   Aluminum............             280
 \a\.
Hub and Drum (per axle)...........  Aluminum............              80
Floor \2\.........................  Aluminum............             375
Floor \2\.........................  Composite (wood and              245
                                     plastic).
Floor Crossmembers \b\............  Aluminum............             250
Landing Gear......................  Aluminum............              50
Rear Door.........................  Aluminum............             187
Rear Door Surround................  Aluminum............             150
Roof Bows.........................  Aluminum............             100
Side Posts........................  Aluminum............             300
Slider Box........................  Aluminum............             150
Upper Coupler Assembly............  Aluminum............             430
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ For tandem-axle suspension sub-frames made of aluminum, apply a
  weight reduction of 280 pounds. Use good engineering judgment to
  estimate a weight reduction for using aluminum sub-frames with other
  axle configurations.
\b\ Calculate a smaller weight reduction for short trailers by
  multiplying the indicated values by 0.528 (28/53).

* * * * *
0
145. Amend Sec.  1037.520 by revising the section heading and 
paragraphs (b)(3)(ii), (b)(3)(iii), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), and (j) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1037.520  Modeling CO2 emissions to show compliance 
for vocational vehicles and tractors.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (ii) For low- and mid-roof tractors, you may either use the same 
bin level that applies for an equivalent high-roof tractor as shown in 
Table 3 of this section, or you may determine your bin level based on 
aerodynamic test results as described in Table 4 of this section.

               Table 4 of Sec.   1037.520--Bin Determinations for Phase 2 Low-Roof and Mid-Roof Tractors Based on Aerodynamic Test Results
                                                                      [CdA in m\2\]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Tractor type                     Bin I          Bin II          Bin III         Bin IV           Bin V          Bin VI          Bin VII
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-Roof Cabs...........................           >=5.4         4.9-5.3         4.5-4.8         4.1-4.4         3.8-4.0         3.5-3.7           <=3.4
Mid-Roof Cabs...........................           >=5.9         5.5-5.8         5.1-5.4         4.7-5.0         4.4-4.6         4.1-4.3           <=4.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Determine the CdA input according to the tractor's 
bin level as described in the following table:

                                        Table 5 of Sec.   1037.520--Phase 2 CdA Tractor Inputs Based on Bin Level
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Tractor type                     Bin I          Bin II          Bin III         Bin IV           Bin V          Bin VI          Bin VII
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-Roof Day Cabs......................            7.45            6.85            6.25            5.70            5.20            4.70            4.20
High-Roof Sleeper Cabs..................            7.15            6.55            5.95            5.40            4.90            4.40            3.90
Low-Roof Cabs...........................            6.00            5.60            5.15            4.75            4.40            4.10            3.80
Mid-Roof Cabs...........................            7.00            6.65            6.25            5.85            5.50            5.20            4.90
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (e) Vehicle weight reduction. Develop a weight-reduction as a GEM 
input as described in this paragraph (e). Enter the sum of weight 
reductions as described in this paragraph (e), or enter zero if there 
is no weight reduction. For purposes of this paragraph (e), high-
strength steel is steel with tensile strength at or above 350 MPa.
    (1) Vehicle weight reduction inputs for wheels are specified 
relative to dual-wide tires with conventional steel wheels. For 
purposes of this paragraph (e)(1), an aluminum alloy qualifies as 
light-weight if a dual-wide drive wheel made from this material weighs 
at least 21 pounds less than a comparable conventional steel wheel. The 
inputs are listed in Table 6 of this section. For example, a tractor or 
vocational vehicle with aluminum steer wheels and eight (4x2) dual-wide 
aluminum drive wheels would have an input of 210 pounds (2x21 + 8x21).

[[Page 28257]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.045

    (2) Weight reduction inputs for tractor components other than 
wheels are specified in the following table:

     Table 7 of Sec.   1037.520--Nonwheel-Related Weight Reductions From Alternative Materials for Tractors
                                                    [Pounds]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   High-strength
                  Weight reduction technologies                      Aluminum          steel       Thermoplastic
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Door............................................................              20               6  ..............
Roof............................................................              60              18  ..............
Cab rear wall...................................................              49              16  ..............
Cab floor.......................................................              56              18  ..............
Hood Support Structure System...................................              15               3  ..............
Hood and Front Fender...........................................  ..............  ..............              65
Day Cab Roof Fairing............................................  ..............  ..............              18
Sleeper Cab Roof Fairing........................................              75              20              40
Aerodynamic Side Extender.......................................  ..............  ..............              10
Fairing Support Structure System................................              35               6  ..............
Instrument Panel Support Structure..............................               5               1  ..............
Brake Drums--Drive (set of 4)...................................             140              74  ..............
Brake Drums--Non Drive (set of 2)...............................              60              42  ..............
Frame Rails.....................................................             440              87  ..............
Crossmember--Cab................................................              15               5  ..............
Crossmember--Suspension.........................................              25               6  ..............
Crossmember--Non Suspension (set of 3)..........................              15               5  ..............
Fifth Wheel.....................................................             100              25  ..............
Radiator Support................................................              20               6  ..............
Fuel Tank Support Structure.....................................              40              12  ..............
Steps...........................................................              35               6  ..............
Bumper..........................................................              33              10  ..............
Shackles........................................................              10               3  ..............
Front Axle......................................................              60              15  ..............
Suspension Brackets, Hangers....................................             100              30  ..............
Transmission Case...............................................              50              12  ..............
Clutch Housing..................................................              40              10  ..............

[[Page 28258]]

 
Fairing Support Structure System................................              35               6  ..............
Drive Axle Hubs (set of 4)......................................              80              20  ..............
Non Drive Hubs (2)..............................................              40               5  ..............
Two-piece driveshaft............................................              20               5  ..............
Transmission/Clutch Shift Levers................................              20               4  ..............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) Weight-reduction inputs for vocational-vehicle components other 
than wheels are specified in the following table:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[[Page 28259]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.046

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
    (4) Apply vehicle weight inputs for changing technology 
configurations as follows:
    (i) For Class 8 tractors or for Class 8 vocational vehicles with a 
permanent 6x2 axle configuration, apply a weight reduction input of 300 
pounds. This does not apply for coach buses certified to custom-chassis 
standards under Sec.  1037.105(h).
    (ii) For Class 8 tractors with 4x2 axle configuration, apply a 
weight reduction input of 400 pounds.
    (iii) For tractors with installed engines with displacement below 
14.0 liters, apply a weight reduction of 300 pounds.
    (iv) For tractors with single-piece driveshafts with a total length 
greater than 86 inches, apply a weight reduction of 43 pounds for steel 
driveshafts and 63 pounds for aluminum driveshafts.
    (5) You may ask to apply the off-cycle technology provisions of 
Sec.  1037.610 for weight reductions not covered by this paragraph (e).
    (f) Engine characteristics. Enter information from the engine 
manufacturer to describe the installed engine and its operating 
parameters as described in 40 CFR 1036.503. The fuel-mapping 
information must apply for the vehicle's GVWR; for example, if you 
install a medium heavy-duty engine in a Class 8 vehicle, the engine 
must have

[[Page 28260]]

additional fuel-mapping information for the heavier vehicle. Note that 
you do not need fuel consumption at idle for tractors.
    (g) Vehicle characteristics. Enter the following information to 
describe the vehicle and its operating parameters:
    (1) Transmission make, model, and type. Also identify the gear 
ratio for every available forward gear to two decimal places, the input 
torque limit for each of the forward gears, and, if applicable, the 
lowest gear involving a locked torque converter. For vehicles with a 
manual transmission, GEM applies a 2% emission increase relative to 
automated manual transmissions. If your vehicle has a dual-clutch 
transmission, use good engineering judgment to determine if it can be 
accurately represented in GEM as an automated manual transmission. We 
may require you to perform a powertrain test with dual-clutch 
transmissions to show that they can be properly simulated as an 
automated manual transmission.
    (2) Drive axle make, model, and configuration type. Select a drive 
axle configuration to represent your vehicle for modeling.
    (i) 4x2: One drive axle and one non-drive axle.
    (ii) 6x2: One drive axle and two non-drive axles.
    (iii) 6x4: Two or more drive axles, or more than three total axles. 
Note that this includes, for example, a vehicle with two drive axles 
out of four total axles (otherwise known as an 8x4 configuration).
    (iv) 6x4D: One non-drive axle and two drive axles, including one 
disconnectable drive axle. The axle configuration can automatically 
switch between 6x2 and 6x4 configurations. You may select this 
configuration if at least one of the following is true:
    (A) The input and output of the disconnectable axle is mechanically 
disconnected from the drive shaft and the wheels when the axle is in 
the 6x2 configuration.
    (B) You provide power loss data generated according to Sec.  
1037.560.
    (3) Drive axle ratio, ka. If a vehicle is designed with 
two or more user-selectable axle ratios, use the drive axle ratio that 
is expected to be engaged for the greatest driving distance. If the 
vehicle does not have a drive axle, such as a hybrid vehicle with 
direct electric drive, let ka = 1.
    (4) GEM inputs associated with powertrain testing include 
powertrain family, transmission calibration identifier, test data from 
Sec.  1037.550, and the powertrain test configuration (dynamometer 
connected to transmission output or wheel hub). You do not need to 
identify or provide inputs for transmission gear ratios, fuel map data, 
or engine torque curves, which would otherwise be required under 
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (h) Idle speed and idle-reduction technologies. (1) Input your 
vehicle idle speed as follows:
    (i) For heavy heavy-duty vehicles input your vehicle's maximum 
adjustable idle speed or 600 rpm, whichever is lower.
    (ii) For light heavy-duty and medium heavy-duty vehicles input your 
vehicle's maximum adjustable idle speed or 750 rpm, whichever is lower.
    (iii) For spark-ignition vehicles input your vehicle's maximum 
adjustable idle speed or 600 rpm, whichever is lower.
    (2) Identify whether your vehicle has qualifying idle-reduction 
technologies, subject to the qualifying criteria in Sec.  1037.660, as 
follows:
    (i) Stop-start technology and automatic engine shutdown systems 
apply for vocational vehicles. See paragraph (j) of this section for 
automatic engine shutdown systems for tractors.
    (ii) Neutral idle applies for tractors and vocational vehicles.
    (i) Axle, transmission, and torque converter characterization. You 
may characterize the axle, transmission, and torque converter and use 
axle efficiency maps as described in Sec.  1037.560, transmission 
efficiency maps as described in Sec.  1037.565, and torque converter 
capacity factors as described in Sec.  1037.570 to replace the default 
values in GEM. If you obtain your test results from the axle 
manufacturer, transmission manufacturer, torque converter manufacturer 
or another third party, you must obtain a signed statement from the 
party supplying those test results to verify that tests were conducted 
according to the requirements of this part. Such statements are deemed 
to be submissions to EPA.
    (j) Additional reduction technologies. Enter input values in GEM as 
follows to characterize the percentage CO2 emission 
reduction corresponding to certain technologies and vehicle 
configurations, or enter 0:
    (1) Intelligent controls. Enter 2 for tractors with predictive 
cruise control. This includes any cruise control system that 
incorporates satellite-based global-positioning data for controlling 
operator demand. Enter 1.5 for tractors and vocational vehicles if they 
have neutral coasting, unless good engineering judgment indicates that 
a lower percentage should apply.
    (2) Accessory load. Enter the following values related to accessory 
loads; if more than one item applies, enter the sum of those values:
    (i) If vocational vehicles have electrically powered pumps for 
steering, enter 0.5 for vocational vehicles certified with the Regional 
duty cycle, and enter 1 for other vocational vehicles.
    (ii) If tractors have electrically powered pumps for both steering 
and engine cooling, enter 1.
    (iii) If vehicles have a high-efficiency air conditioning 
compressor, enter 0.5 for tractors and vocational Heavy HDV, and enter 
1 for other vocational vehicles. This includes mechanically powered 
compressors meeting the specifications described in 40 CFR 86.1868-
12(h)(5), and all electrically powered compressors.
    (3) Tire-pressure systems. Enter 1.2 for vehicles with automatic 
tire inflation systems on all axles (1.1 for Multi-Purpose and Urban 
vocational vehicles). Enter 1.0 for vehicles with tire pressure 
monitoring systems on all axles (0.9 for Multi-Purpose and Urban 
vocational vehicles). If vehicles use a mix of the two systems, treat 
them as having only tire pressure monitoring systems.
    (4) Extended-idle reduction. Enter values as shown in the following 
table for sleeper cabs equipped with idle-reduction technology meeting 
the requirements of Sec.  1037.660 that are designed to automatically 
shut off the main engine after 300 seconds or less:

      Table 9 of Sec.   1037.520--GEM Input Values for AES Systems
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 GEM input values
                                         -------------------------------
               Technology                                     Tamper-
                                            Adjustable       resistant
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Standard AES system.....................               1               4
With diesel APU.........................               3               4

[[Page 28261]]

 
With battery APU........................               5               6
With automatic stop-start...............               3               3
With fuel-operated heater (FOH).........               2               3
With diesel APU and FOH.................               4               5
With battery APU and FOH................               5               6
With stop-start and FOH.................               4               5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (5) Other. Additional GEM inputs may apply as follows:
    (i) Enter 0.9 and 1.7, respectively, for school buses and coach 
buses that have at least seven available forward gears.
    (ii) If we approve off-cycle technology under Sec.  1037.610 in the 
form of an improvement factor, enter the improvement factor expressed 
as a percentage reduction in CO2 emissions. (Note: In the 
case of approved off-cycle technologies whose benefit is quantified as 
a g/ton-mile credit, apply the credit to the GEM result, not as a GEM 
input value.)
* * * * *
0
146. Amend Sec.  1037.525 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.525  Aerodynamic measurements for tractors.

* * * * *
    (b) Adjustments to correlate with coastdown testing. Adjust 
aerodynamic drag values from alternate methods to be equivalent to the 
corresponding values from coastdown measurements as follows:
    (1) Determine the functional relationship between your alternate 
method and coastdown testing. Specify this functional relationship as 
Falt-aero for a given alternate drag measurement method 
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.047

    (2) Unless good engineering judgment dictates otherwise, assume 
that coastdown drag is proportional to drag measured using alternate 
methods and apply a constant adjustment factor, Falt-aero, 
for a given alternate drag measurement method of similar vehicles.
    (3) Determine Falt-aero by performing coastdown testing 
and applying your alternate method on the same vehicles. Consider all 
applicable test data including data collected during selective 
enforcement audits. Unless we approve another vehicle, one vehicle must 
be a Class 8 high-roof sleeper cab with a full aerodynamics package 
pulling a standard trailer. Where you have more than one tractor model 
meeting these criteria, use the tractor model with the highest 
projected sales. If you do not have such a tractor model, you may use 
your most comparable tractor model with our prior approval. In the case 
of alternate methods other than those specified in this subpart, good 
engineering judgment may require you to determine your adjustment 
factor based on results from more than the specified minimum number of 
vehicles.
    (4) Measure the drag area using your alternate method for a Phase 2 
tractor used to determine Falt-aero with testing at yaw 
angles of 0[deg], 1[deg], 3[deg], 4.5[deg], 6[deg], and 9[deg] (you may 
include additional angles), using direction conventions described in 
Figure 2 of SAE J1252 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1037.810). 
Also, determine the drag area at the coastdown effective yaw angle, 
CdAeffective-yaw-alt, by taking the average drag 
area at [psi]eff and -[psi]eff for your vehicle 
using the same alternate method.
    (5) For Phase 2 testing, determine separate values of 
Falt-aero for a minimum of one high-roof day cab and one 
high-roof sleeper cab for 2021, 2024, and 2027 model years based on 
testing as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section (six tests 
total). Alternatively, you may test earlier model years than specified 
here. For any untested tractor models, apply the value of 
Falt-aero from the tested tractor model that best represents 
the aerodynamic characteristics of the untested tractor model, 
consistent with good engineering judgment. Testing under this paragraph 
(b)(4) continues to be valid for later model years until you change the 
tractor model in a way that causes the test results to no longer 
represent production vehicles. You must also determine unique values of 
Falt-aero for low-roof and mid-roof tractors if you 
determine CdA values based on low or mid-roof tractor 
testing as shown in Table 4 of Sec.  1037.520. For Phase 1 testing, if 
good engineering judgment allows it, you may calculate a single, 
constant value of Falt-aero for your whole product line by 
dividing the coastdown drag area, CdAcoastdown, 
by CdAalt.
    (6) Determine Falt-aero to at least three decimal 
places. For example, if your coastdown testing results in a drag area 
of 6.430, but your wind tunnel method results in a drag area of 6.200, 
Falt-aero would be 1.037 (or a higher value you declare).
    (7) If a tractor and trailer cannot be configured to meet the gap 
requirements, test with the trailer positioned as close as possible to 
the specified gap dimension and use good engineering judgment to 
correct the results to be equivalent to a test configuration meeting 
the specified gap dimension. This allowance applies for all testing, 
including confirmatory and SEA testing.
    (8) Manufacturers should coordinate Falt-aero coastdown testing 
with EPA before testing to enable EPA to witness the testing.
* * * * *
0
147. Amend Sec.  1037.528 by revising the section heading, paragraph 
(c) introductory text, paragraph (e) introductory text, paragraph 
(g)(3) introductory text, and paragraphs (h)(3)(i) and (h)(6) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1037.528  Coastdown procedures for calculating drag area 
(CdA).

* * * * *
    (c) The test condition specifications described in Sections 7.1 
through 7.4 of SAE J1263 apply, with certain exceptions and additional 
provisions as described in this paragraph (c). These conditions apply 
to each run separately.
* * * * *
    (e) Measure wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and air 
pressure at a recording frequency of 10 Hz, in conjunction with time-
of-day data. Use at least one stationary anemometer and suitable data 
loggers meeting SAE J1263 specifications, subject to the following 
additional

[[Page 28262]]

specifications for the anemometer placed along the test surface:
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (3) Correct measured air direction from all the high-speed segments 
using the wind speed and wind direction measurements described in 
paragraph (e) of this section as follows:
* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) Calculate the mean vehicle speed to represent the start point 
of each speed range as the arithmetic average of measured speeds 
throughout the continuous time interval that begins when measured 
vehicle speed is less than 2.00 mi/hr above the nominal starting speed 
point and ends when measured vehicle speed reaches 2.00 mi/hr below the 
nominal starting speed point, expressed to at least two decimal places. 
Calculate the timestamp corresponding to the starting point of each 
speed range as the average timestamp of the interval.
* * * * *
    (6) For tractor testing, calculate the tire rolling resistance 
force at high and low speeds for steer, drive, and trailer axle 
positions, FTRR[speed,axle], and determine 
[Delta]FTRR as follows:
    (i) Conduct a stepwise coastdown tire rolling resistance test with 
three tires for each tire model installed on the vehicle using SAE 
J2452 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1037.810) for the following 
test points (which replace the test points in Table 3 of SAE J2452):

     Table 1 of Sec.   1037.528--Stepwise Coastdown Test Points for
       Determining Tire Rolling Resistance as a Function of Speed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Inflation
                 Step #                     Load (% of    pressure (% of
                                               max)            max)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................              20             100
2.......................................              55              70
3.......................................              85             120
4.......................................              85             100
5.......................................             100              95
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) Determine the rolling resistance difference between 65 mph and 
15 mph for each tire. Use good engineering judgment to consider the 
multiple results. For example, you may ignore the test results for the 
tires with the highest and lowest differences and use the result from 
the remaining tire.
    (iii) Calculate FTRR[speed,axle] using the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.048

Where:

nt,[axle] = number of tires at the axle position.
p[axle] = the inflation pressure set and measured on the 
tires at the axle position at the beginning of the coastdown test.
L[axle] = the load over the axle at the axle position on 
the coastdown test vehicle.
[alpha][axle], [beta][axle], 
a[axle], b[axle], and c[axle] = 
regression coefficients from SAE J2452 that are specific to axle 
position.

Example:

nt,steer = 2
psteer = 758.4 kPa
Lsteer = 51421.2 N
[alpha]steer = -0.2435
[beta]steer = 0.9576
asteer = 0.0434
bsteer = 5.4[middot]10-5
csteer = 5.53[middot]10-7
nt,drive = 8
pdrive = 689.5 kPa
Ldrive = 55958.4 N
[alpha]drive = -0.3146
[beta]drive = 0.9914
adrive = 0.0504
bdrive = 1.11[middot]10-4
cdrive = 2.86[middot]10-7
nt,trailer = 8
ptrailer = 689.5 kPa
Ltrailer = 45727.5 N
[alpha]trailer = -0.3982
[beta]trailer = 0.9756
atrailer = 0.0656
btrailer = 1.51[middot]10-4
ctrailer = 2.94[middot]10-7
vseghi = 28.86 m/s = 103.896 km/hr
vseglo = 5.84 m/s = 21.024 km/hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.049

FTRRhi,steer = 365.6 N
FTRRhi,drive = 431.4 N
FTRRhi,trailer = 231.7 N
FTRRlo,steer = 297.8 N
FTRRlo,drive = 350.7 N
FTRRlo,trailer = 189.0 N

    (iv) Calculate FTRR[speed] by summing the tire rolling 
resistance calculations at a given speed for each axle position:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.050

Example:

FTRRhi = 365.6 + 431.4 + 231.7 = 1028.7 N
FTRRlo = 297.8 + 350.7 + 189.0 = 837.5 N

    (v) Adjust FTRR[speed] to the ambient temperature during 
the coastdown segment as follows:

[[Page 28263]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.051

Where:

Tseg[speed] = the average ambient temperature during the 
coastdown segment, in [deg]C.

Example:

FTRRhi = 1028.7 N
FTRRlo = 837.5 N
Tseghi = 25.5 [deg]C
Tseglo = 25.1 [deg]C
FTRRhi,adj = 1028.7[middot][1 + 0.006[middot](24-25.5)] = 
1019.4 N
FTRRlo,adj = 837.5[middot][1 + 0.006[middot](24-25.1)] = 
832.0 N

    (v) Determine [Delta]FTRR as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.052
    
Example:

[Delta]FTRR = 1019.4-832.0 = 187.4 N
* * * * *
0
148. Amend Sec.  1037.540 by revising the section heading to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1037.530  Wind-tunnel procedures for calculating drag area (CdA).

* * * * *
0
149. Amend Sec.  1037.532 by revising the section heading and paragraph 
(a)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.532  Using computational fluid dynamics to calculate drag 
area (CdA).

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Vehicles are subject to the requirement to meet standards based 
on the average of testing at yaw angles of +4.5[deg] and -4.5[deg]; 
however, you may submit your application for certification with CFD 
results based on only one of those yaw angles.
* * * * *
0
150. Amend Sec.  1037.534 by revising the section heading to read as 
follows.

Sec.  1037.534  Constant-speed procedure for calculating drag area 
(CdA).

* * * * *
0
151. Amend Sec.  1037.540 by revising paragraphs (b)(8), (e)(2), and 
(f)(2) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.540  Special procedures for testing vehicles with hybrid 
power take-off.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (8) Measured pressures must meet the cycle-validation 
specifications in the following table for each test run over the duty 
cycle:

  Table 1 of Sec.   1037.540--Statistical Criteria for Validating Each
                      Test Run Over the Duty Cycle
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Parameter \a\                          Pressure
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slope, a1.................................  0.950 <= a1 <= 1.030.
Absolute value of intercept,                <=2.0% of maximum mapped
 [verbarlm]a0[verbarlm].                     pressure.
Standard error of estimate, SEE...........  <=10% of maximum mapped
                                             pressure.
Coefficient of determination, r \2\.......  >=0.970.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Determine values for specified parameters as described in 40 CFR
  1065.514(e) by comparing measured values to denormalized pressure
  values from the duty cycle in Appendix II of this part.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) Divide the CO2 mass from the PTO cycle by the 
distance determined in paragraph (d)(4) of this section and the 
standard payload as defined in Sec.  1037.801 to get the CO2 
emission rate in g/ton-mile. For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 
follow paragraph (f)(3) of this section to calculate utility factor 
weighted CO2 emissions in g/ton-mile.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) Divide the fuel mass by the applicable distance determined in 
paragraph (d)(4) of this section and the appropriate standard payload 
as defined in Sec.  1037.801 to determine the fuel rate in g/ton-mile.
* * * * *
0
152. Revise Sec.  1037.550 to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.550  Powertrain testing.

    (a) This section describes how to determine engine fuel maps using 
a measurement procedure that involves testing an engine coupled with a 
powertrain to simulate vehicle operation. Engine fuel maps are part of 
demonstrating compliance with Phase 2 vehicle standards under this part 
1037; this fuel-mapping information may come from different types of 
testing as described in 40 CFR 1036.503.
    (b) Perform powertrain testing to establish measured fuel-
consumption rates over applicable duty cycles for several different 
vehicle configurations. The following general provisions apply:
    (1) Measure NOX emissions for each sampling period in 
grams. You may perform these measurements using a NOX 
emission-measurement system that meets the requirements of 40 CFR part 
1065, subpart J. Include these measured NOX values any time 
you report to us your greenhouse gas emissions or fuel consumption 
values from testing under this section. If a system malfunction 
prevents you from measuring NOX emissions during a test 
under this section but the test otherwise gives valid results, you may 
consider this a valid test and omit the NOX emission 
measurements; however, we may require you to repeat the test if we 
determine that you inappropriately voided the test with respect to 
NOX emission measurement.
    (2) This section uses engine parameters and variables that are 
consistent with 40 CFR part 1065.
    (3) Use one of the following options to create the vehicle model:
    (i) Use the detailed equations in this section.
    (ii) Use a MATLAB/Simulink code in GEM to create the vehicle model 
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  1037.810). If you use this option, 
set the accessory load in GEM to zero. This option is required if you 
are testing a hybrid powertrain system where the transmission is not 
part of the test, but is required when installed in the vehicle.
    (c) Select an engine and powertrain for testing as described in 
Sec.  1037.231.
    (d) Set up the engine according to 40 CFR 1065.110.
    (1) The default test configuration involves connecting the 
powertrain's transmission output shaft directly to the dynamometer and 
measuring torque at the axle input shaft for use in the vehicle model. 
You may instead set up the dynamometer to connect at the wheel hubs if 
your powertrain configuration requires it, such as for hybrid 
powertrains, or if you want to represent the axle performance with 
powertrain test results. If you measure torque at the wheel hubs for 
use in the vehicle model, input your test results into GEM to reflect 
this.
    (2) For testing hybrids that do not include the transmission or 
axle, connect the powertrain's output shaft that would connect to the 
transmission directly to the dynamometer.
    (e) Cool the powertrain during testing so temperatures for oil, 
coolant, block, head, transmission, battery, and power electronics are 
within the manufacturer's expected ranges for

[[Page 28264]]

normal operation. You may use ECM measurements to comply with this 
requirement. You may use auxiliary coolers and fans.
    (f) Break in the engine according to 40 CFR 1065.405, the axle 
assembly according to Sec.  1037.560, and the transmission according to 
Sec.  1037.565. You may break in the powertrain as a complete system by 
following the engine break in procedure according to 40 CFR 1065.405.
    (g) Set the dynamometer to operate in speed-control mode. Record 
data as described in 40 CFR 1065.202. Command and control dynamometer 
speed at a minimum of 5 Hz. If you choose to command the dynamometer at 
a slower rate than the calculated dynamometer speed setpoint, use good 
engineering judgment to subsample the calculated setpoints for use in 
commanding the dynamomemter speed setpoint. Design a vehicle model to 
use the measured torque and calculate the dynamometer speed setpoint at 
a rate of at least 100 Hz, as follows:
    (1) For testing with the speed measurement at the axle input shaft, 
calculate the dynamometer's angular speed target, 
[fnof]nref,dyno, based on the simulated linear speed of the 
tires:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.053

Where:

ka[speed] = drive axle ratio as determined in paragraph 
(i) of this section.
vrefi = simulated vehicle reference speed. Use the 
unrounded result for calculating 
[fnof]nrefi,dyno.
r[speed] = tire radius as determined in paragraph (i) of 
this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.054

Where:

i = a time-based counter corresponding to each measurement during 
the sampling period. Let vref1 = 0; start calculations at 
i = 2. A 10-minute sampling period will generally involve 60,000 
measurements.
T = instantaneous measured torque.
Effaxle = axle efficiency. Use Effaxle = 0.955 
for T >= 0, and use Effaxle = 1/0.955 for T < 0.

    To calculate fnrefi,dyno for a dynamometer connected 
at the wheel hubs, as described in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, 
use Effaxle = 1.0.

M = vehicle mass for a vehicle class as determined in paragraph (i) 
of this section.
g = gravitational constant = 9.81 m/s\2\.
Crr = coefficient of rolling resistance for a vehicle 
class as determined in paragraph (i) of this section.
Gi-1 = the percent grade interpolated at distance, 
Di-1, from the duty cycle in Appendix IV corresponding to 
measurement (i-1).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.055

[rho] = air density at reference conditions. Use [rho] = 1.1845 kg/
m\3\.
CdA = drag area for a vehicle class as determined in 
paragraph (i) of this section.
Fbrake,i-1 = instantaneous braking force 
applied by the driver model.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.056

[Delta]t = the time interval between measurements. For example, at 
100 Hz, [Delta]t = 0.0100 seconds.
Mrotating = inertial mass of rotating components. Let 
Mrotating = 340 kg for vocational Light HDV or vocational 
Medium HDV. See paragraph (i) of this section for tractors and for 
vocational Heavy HDV.

Example:

    This example is for a vocational Light HDV or vocational Medium HDV 
with 6 speed automatic transmission at B speed (Test 4 in Table 2 of 40 
CFR 1036.540).
kaB = 4.0
rB = 0.399 m
T999 = 500.0 N[middot]m
Crr = 7.7 kg/tonne = 7.7[middot]10-\3\ kg/kg
M = 11408 kg
CdA = 5.4 m\2\
G999 = 0.39% = 0.0039
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.057

Fbrake,999 -0 N
vref,999 = 20.0 m/s
Fgrade,999 = 11408[middot]9.81[middot]sin(atan(0.0039)) = 
436.5 N
[Delta]t = 0.0100 s
Mrotating = 340 kg

[[Page 28265]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.058

    (2) For testing with the speed measurement at the wheel hubs, 
calculate fnref,dyno using Eq. 1037.550-1, setting 
ka[speed] equal to 1.
    (h) Design a driver model to simulate a human driver modulating the 
throttle and brake pedals to follow the test cycle as closely as 
possible. The driver model must meet the speed requirements for 
operation over the highway cruise cycles as described in Sec.  1037.510 
and for operation over the transient cycle as described in 40 CFR 
1066.425(b). The exceptions in 40 CFR 1066.425(b)(4) apply to the 
transient cycle and the highway cruise cycles. Design the driver model 
to meet the following specifications:
    (1) Send a brake signal when throttle position is zero and vehicle 
speed is greater than the reference vehicle speed from the test cycle. 
Include a delay before changing the brake signal to prevent dithering, 
consistent with good engineering judgment.
    (2) Allow braking only if throttle position is zero.
    (3) Compensate for the distance driven over the duty cycle over the 
course of the test. Use the following equation to perform the 
compensation in real time to determine your time in the cycle:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.059

Where:

vvehicle = measured vehicle speed.
vcycle = reference speed from the test cycle. If 
vcycle,i-1 < 1.0 m/s, set vcycle,i-1 = 
vvehicle,i-1.

    (i) Configure the vehicle model in the test cell to test the 
powertrain using at least three equally spaced axle ratios or tire 
sizes and three different road loads (nine configurations), or at least 
four equally spaced axle ratios or tire sizes and two different road 
loads (eight configurations) to cover the range of intended vehicle 
applications. Select axle ratios to represent the full range of 
expected vehicle installations. Determine the vehicle model inputs for 
vehicle mass, CgdAg, and Crr for a set of vehicle 
configurations as described in 40 CFR 1036.540(c)(3). You may instead 
test to simulate eight or nine vehicle configurations from different 
vehicle categories if you limit your powertrains to a certain range of 
vehicles. For example, if your powertrain will be installed only in 
vocational Medium HDV and vocational Heavy HDV, you may perform testing 
to represent eight or nine vehicle configurations using vehicle masses 
for Medium HDV and Heavy HDV, the predefined CgdAg for those 
vehicles, and the lowest and highest Crr of the tires that 
will be installed on those vehicles. Also, instead of selecting axle 
ratios and tire sizes based on the range of intended vehicle 
applications as described in this paragraph (i), you may select axle 
ratios and tire sizes such that the ratio of engine speed over vehicle 
speed covers the range of ratios of minimum and maximum engine speed 
over vehicle speed when the transmission is in top gear for the 
vehicles the powertrain will be installed in. For hybrid powertrain 
systems where the transmission will be part of the vehicle model, use 
the transmission parameters defined in Table 1 of 40 CFR 1036.540 to 
determine transmission type and gear ratio and a fixed transmission 
efficiency of 0.95.
    (j) Operate the powertrain over each of the duty cycles specified 
in Sec.  1037.510(a)(2), and for each applicable test configuration 
identified in 40 CFR 1036.540(c). Test the powertrain according to 40 
CFR 1036.540(d), understanding ``engine'' to mean ``powertrain'', with 
the following exceptions:
    (1) Add a 20-second transition period between adjacent duty cycles. 
If you are transitioning from an engine stop situation, transition to 
the next cycle within 60 seconds. For cruise cycles, add a 40-second 
stabilization period after the transition period before starting the 
next cycle.
    (2) You may use GEM or your own vehicle model to calculate cycle 
work for determining cycle run order.
    (3) Calculate the mass of fuel consumed for the idle duty cycles as 
described in paragraph (n) of this section.
    (k) Collect and measure emissions as described in 40 CFR part 1065. 
For hybrid powertrains with no plug-in capability, correct for the net 
energy change of the energy storage device as described in 40 CFR 
1066.501. For PHEV powertrains, follow 40 CFR 1066.501 to determine 
End-of-Test for charge-depleting operation. You must get our approval 
in advance for your utility factor curve; we will approve it if you can 
show that you created it from sufficient in-use data of vehicles in the 
same application as the vehicles in which the PHEV powertrain will be 
installed.
    (l) [Reserved]
    (m) For each test point, validate the measured output speed with 
the corresponding reference values. If the range of reference speed is 
less than 10 percent of the mean reference speed, you need to meet only 
the standard error of estimate in Table 1 of this section. You may 
delete points when the vehicle is stopped. If your speed measurement is 
not at the location of fn,ref, you may correct your measured 
speed by the constant speed ratio between the two locations. Apply 
cycle-validation criteria for each separate transient or highway cruise 
cycle based on the following parameters:

  Table 1 of Sec.   1037.550--Statistical Criteria for Validating Duty
                                 Cycles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Parameter \a\                        Speed control
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slope, a1.................................  0.990 <= a1 <= 1.010.
Absolute value of intercept,                <=2.0% of maximum vref
 [bond]a0[bond].                             speed.
Standard error of estimate, SEE...........  <=2.0% of maximum vref
                                             speed.
Coefficient of determination, r \2\.......  >=0.990.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\Determine values for specified parameters as described in 40 CFR
  1065.514(e) by comparing measured and reference values for fnref,dyno.

[[Page 28266]]

    (n) Determine the mass of fuel consumed at idle for the applicable 
duty cycles described in Sec.  1037.510(a)(2) as follows:
    (1) Measure fuel consumption with a fuel flow meter and report the 
mean fuel mass flow rate for each duty cycle as applicable, 
mifuelidle.
    (2) For measurements that do not involve measured fuel mass flow 
rate, calculate the fuel mass flow rate for each duty cycle, 
mifuelidle, for each set of vehicle settings, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.060

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
wCmeas = carbon mass fraction of fuel (or mixture of test 
fuels) as determined in 40 CFR 1065.655(d), except that you may not 
use the default properties in Table 1 of 40 CFR 1065.655 to 
determine [alpha], [beta], and wC for liquid fuels.
niexh = the mean raw exhaust molar flow rate from which 
you measured emissions according to 40 CFR 1065.655.
xCcombdry = the mean concentration of carbon from fuel 
and any injected fluids in the exhaust per mole of dry exhaust.
xH2Oexhdry = the mean concentration of H2O in 
exhaust per mole of dry exhaust.
miCO2DEF = the mean CO2 mass emission rate 
resulting from diesel exhaust fluid decomposition over the duty 
cycle as determined in 40 CFR 1036.535(b)(10). If your engine does 
not use diesel exhaust fluid, or if you choose not to perform this 
correction, set miCO2DEFequal to 0.
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.

Example

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
wCmeas = 0.867
niexh = 25.534 mol/s
xCcombdry = 2.805-10\-3\ mol/mol
xH2Oexhdry = 3.53-10\-2\ mol/mol
miCO2DEF = 0.0726 g/s
MCO2 = 44.0095
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.061

mifuelidle = 0.405 g/s = 1458.6 g/hr

    (o) Use the results of powertrain testing to determine GEM inputs 
for the different simulated vehicle configurations as follows:
    (1) Select fuel-consumption rates, mfuel[cycle], in g/
cycle. In addition, declare a fuel mass consumption rate for each 
applicable idle duty cycle, mifuelidle . These declared 
values may not be lower than any corresponding measured values 
determined in this section. If you use multiple measurement methods as 
allowed in 40 CFR 1036.540(d), follow 40 CFR 1036.540(g) regarding the 
use of direct and indirect fuel measurements and the carbon balance 
error verification. You may select any value that is at or above the 
corresponding measured value. These declared fuel-consumption rates, 
which serve as emission standards, represent collectively as the 
certified powertrain fuel map.
    (2) Powertrain output speed per unit of vehicle speed.
    (i) If the test is done with the torque measurement at the wheel 
hubs, set ka to the axle ratio of the rear axle that was 
used in the test. If the vehicle does not have a drive axle, such as 
hybrid vehicles with direct electric drive, let ka = 1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.062

    (ii) If the test is done with the torque measurement at the 
powertrain's output shaft that would connect to the transmission, 
follow 40 CFR 1036.540(e)(2) to determine powertrain output speed per 
unit vehicle speed.
    (3) Positive work, W[cycle], over the duty cycle at the 
transmission output, wheel hubs, or the powertrain's output shaft that 
would connect to the transmission from the powertrain test.
    (4) The following table illustrates the GEM data inputs 
corresponding to the different vehicle configurations:

[[Page 28267]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.063

    (5) The engine idle speed, by taking the average engine speed 
measured during the engine test while the vehicle is not moving. Note 
that GEM has a flag to indicate when the vehicle is moving.
    (p) Correct the measured or calculated fuel mass, mfuel, 
and idle fuel mass flow rate, mifuelidle if applicable, for 
each test result to a mass-specific net energy content of a reference 
fuel as described in 40 CFR 1036.535(f), replacing mifuel 
with mfuel where applicable in Eq. 1036.535-4.
    (q) For each test run, record the engine speed and torque as 
defined in 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5) with a minimum sampling frequency of 1 
Hz. These engine speed and torque values represent a duty cycle that 
can be used for separate testing with an engine mounted on an engine 
dynamometer under Sec.  1037.551, such as for a selective enforcement 
audit as described in Sec.  1037.301.
0
153. Amend Sec.  1037.551 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.551  Engine-based simulation of powertrain testing.

* * * * *
    (b) Operate the engine over the applicable engine duty cycles 
corresponding to the vehicle cycles specified in Sec.  1037.510(a)(2) 
for powertrain testing over the applicable vehicle simulations 
described in Sec.  1037.550(i). Warm up the engine to prepare for the 
transient test or one of the highway cruise cycles by operating it one 
time over one of the simulations of the corresponding duty cycle. Warm 
up the engine to prepare for the idle test by operating it over a 
simulation of the 65-mi/hr highway cruise cycle for 600 seconds. Within 
60 seconds after concluding the warm up cycle, start emission sampling 
while the engine operates over the duty cycle. You may perform any 
number of test runs directly in succession once the engine is warmed 
up. Perform cycle validation as described in 40 CFR 1065.514 for engine 
speed, torque, and power.
* * * * *
0
154. Amend Sec.  1037.560 by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(7), (c), (e), 
and (f) and adding paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.560  Axle efficiency test.

* * * * *
    (a) You may establish axle power loss maps based on testing any 
number of axle configurations within an axle family as specified in 
Sec.  1037.232. You may share data across a family of axle 
configurations, as long as you test the axle configuration with the 
lowest efficiency from the axle family; this will generally involve 
testing the axle with the highest axle ratio. For vehicles with tandem 
drive axles, always test each drive axle separately. For tandem axles 
that can be disconnected, test both single-drive and tandem axle 
configurations. Alternatively, you may analytically derive power loss 
maps for untested configurations within the same family as defined in 
paragraph (h) of this section.
    (b) * * *
    (7) You may drain the gear oil following the break-in procedure and 
repeat the filling procedure described in paragraph (b)(4) of this 
section. We will follow your protocol for our testing.
    (c) Measure input and output speed and torque as described in 40 
CFR 1065.210(b), except that you must use a speed-measurement system 
that meets an accuracy of 0.05% of point. Use torque 
transducers that meet an accuracy requirement of 0.2% of 
the maximum axle input torque or output torque tested for loaded test 
points, and 1.0 N[middot]m for unloaded test points. 
Calibrate and verify measurement instruments according to 40 CFR part 
1065, subpart C. Command speed and torque at a minimum of 10 Hz, and 
record all data, including bulk oil temperature, as 1 Hz mean values.
* * * * *
    (e) Determine axle efficiency using the following procedure:
    (1) Maintain ambient temperature between (15 and 35) [deg]C 
throughout testing. Measure ambient temperature within 1.0 m of the 
axle assembly. Verify that critical axle settings (such as bearing 
preload, backlash, and oil sump level) are within specifications before 
and after testing.
    (2) Maintain gear oil temperature at (81 to 83) [deg]C. You may 
specify an alternative range with lower temperatures; if you measure 
temperature to the nearest 0.1 [deg]C, the maximum allowable range is 
3.0 [deg]C. We will test your axle using the same temperature range you 
used for testing. Measure gear oil temperature at the drain of the 
sump. You may use an external gear oil conditioning system, as long as 
it does not affect measured values.
    (3) Use good engineering judgment to warm up the axle by operating 
it until the gear oil is within the specified temperature range.
    (4) Stabilize operation at each point in the test matrix for at 
least 10 seconds, then measure the input torque, output torque, and 
wheel speed for at least 10 seconds, recording the mean values for all 
three parameters. Calculate power loss as described in paragraph (f) of 
this section based on torque and speed values at each test point.
    (5) Perform the map sequence described in paragraph (e)(4) of this 
section three times. Remove torque from the input shaft and allow the 
axle to

[[Page 28268]]

come to a full stop before each repeat measurement.
    (6) You may need to perform additional testing based on a 
calculation of repeatability at a 95% confidence level. Make a separate 
repeatability calculation for the three data points at each operating 
condition in the test matrix. If the confidence limit is greater than 
0.10% for loaded tests or greater than 0.05% for unloaded tests, 
perform another repeat of measurements at that operating condition and 
recalculate the repeatability for the whole set of test results. 
Continue testing until the repeatability is at or below the specified 
values for all operating conditions. Calculate a confidence limit 
representing the repeatability in establishing a 95% confidence level 
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.064

Where:

[sigma]Ploss = standard deviation of power loss values at 
a given torque-speed setting (see 40 CFR 1065.602(c)).
N = number of repeat tests.
Pmax = maximum output torque setting from the test 
matrix.

Example:

[sigma]Ploss = 165.0 W
N = 3
Pmax = 314200 W
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.065

Confidence Limit = 0.0594%

    (7) Calculate mean input torque, Tin, mean output 
torque, Tout, and mean wheel rotational speed, 
fnwheel, for each point in the test matrix for each test.
    (f) Calculate the mean power loss, Ploss, at each 
operating condition in the test matrix as follows:
    (1) Ploss is the mean power loss, for each test, at each 
operating condition.
    (2) For each test calculate the mean power loss, Ploss, 
as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.066

Where:

Tin = mean input torque.
fnwheel = mean wheel rotational speed.
ka = drive axle ratio, expressed to at least the nearest 
0.001.
Tout = mean output torque. Let Tout = 0 for 
all unloaded tests.

Example:

Tin = 845.1 N[middot]m fnwheel = 100 r/min = 
10.472 rad/s
ka = 3.731
Tout = 3000 N[middot]m
Ploss = 845.1[middot]10.472[middot]3.731-3000[middot]10.472
Ploss,1 = 1602.9 W = 1.6029 kW
Ploss,2 = 1601.9 W = 1.6019 kW
Ploss,3 = 1603.9 W = 1.6039 kW
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.067

* * * * *
    (h) You may analytically derive axle power loss maps for untested 
configurations within the same family as follows:
    (1) Test a minimum of three numeric ratios within the same family 
according to this section. Test each of these axles at the same speed 
and torque test points. Test the smallest and largest numeric axle 
ratios within the family and an axle ratio with a value that is near 
the arithmetic mean of the smallest and largest axle ratios.
    (2) Perform a second order least-squares regression of the declared 
power loss values versus the axle ratio for each speed and torque test 
point in the power loss map.
    (i) If the coefficient of the second order term is positive, then 
proceed to paragraph (c) of this section.
    (ii) If the coefficent of the second order term is negative, either 
retest the axle(s) or increase the power loss of the largest and 
smallest axle ratio test points by the same multiplier until the second 
order term of the least-squares regression is positive.
    (3) Use linear interpolation, between the smallest and largest axle 
ratios, for each speed and torque test point in the power loss map to 
determine power loss of untested axles for each test point.
0
155. Amend Sec.  1037.565 by revising paragraphs (c), (d), (e)(6), (7), 
(8), and (10), (f)(1), and (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.565  Transmission efficiency test.

* * * * *
    (c) Measure input and output shaft speed and torque as described in 
40 CFR 1065.210(b), except that you must use a-speed measurement system 
that meets an accuracy of 0.05% of point. Use torque 
transducers that meet an accuracy requirement of 0.2% of 
the transmission's maximum rated input torque or output torque for the 
selected gear ratio, for loaded test points, and 0.1% of 
the transmission's maximum rated input torque for unloaded test points. 
Calibrate and verify measurement instruments according to 40 CFR part 
1065, subpart C. Command speed and torque at a minimum of 10 Hz, and 
record all data, including bulk oil temperature, at a minimum of 1 Hz 
mean values.
    (d) The test matrix consists of transmission input shaft speeds and 
torque setpoints meeting the following specifications for each gear 
tested:
    (1) Include transmission input shaft speeds at the maximum rated 
input shaft speed, 600 r/min, and three equally spaced intermediate 
speeds. The intermediate speed points may be adjusted to the nearest 50 
or 100 r/min. You may increase the number of speed test points to 
improve the accuracy of the transmission power loss map, consistent 
with good engineering judgment.
    (2) Include one loaded torque setpoint between 75% and 105% of the 
maximum transmission input torque and one unloaded (zero-torque) 
setpoint. You may test at any number of additional torque setpoints to 
improve accuracy. Note that GEM calculates power loss between tested or 
default values by linear interpolation.
    (3) In the case of transmissions that automatically go into neutral 
when the vehicle is stopped, also perform tests at 600 r/min and 800 r/
min with the transmission in neutral and the transmission output fixed 
at zero speed.
    (4) Test all the gears at the transmission input shaft speeds and 
torque setpoints as described in this

[[Page 28269]]

paragraph (d). You may exclude the lower gears from testing; however, 
you must test all the gears above the highest excluded gear. If you 
choose this option, GEM will use default values for any gears not 
tested.
    (e) * * *
    (6) Operate the transmission at a selected gear and torque setpoint 
with the input shaft speed at one of the speed setpoints from paragraph 
(d) of this section for at least 10 seconds, then measure the speed and 
torque of the input and output shafts for at least 10 seconds. You may 
omit measurement of output shaft speeds if your transmission is 
configured in a way that does not allow slip. Calculate arithmetic mean 
values for all speed and torque values over each measurement period. 
Repeat this stabilization, measurement, and calculation for the other 
speed and torque setpoints from the test matrix in any sequence. 
Calculate power loss as described in paragraph (f) of this section 
based on torque and speed values at each test point.
    (7) Repeat the procedure described in paragraph (e) for all gears, 
or for all gears down to a selected gear.
    (8) Perform the test sequence described in paragraphs (e)(6) and 
(7) of this section three times. You may do this repeat testing at any 
given test point before you perform measurements for the whole test 
matrix. Remove torque from the transmission input shaft and bring the 
transmission to a complete stop before each repeat measurement.
* * * * *
    (10) Calculate mean input shaft torque, Tin, mean output 
shaft torque, Tout, mean input shaft speed, fnin, 
and mean output shaft speed, fnout, for each point in the 
test matrix for each test.
    (f) * * *
    (1) Ploss is the mean power loss, for each test, at each 
operating condition.
* * * * *
    (g) Create a table showing the mean power loss, Ploss, 
corresponding to each mean transmission input speed and mean input 
torque for input into GEM. Also include mean power loss in neutral for 
each tested engines speed, if applicable. Express transmission input 
speed in r/min to one decimal place; express input torque in N[middot]m 
to two decimal places; express power loss in kW to four decimal places. 
Select mean power loss values at or above the corresponding value 
calculated in paragraph (f) of this section. Use good engineering 
judgment to select values that will be at or above the mean power loss 
values for your production transmissions. Vehicle manufacturers will 
use these declared mean power loss values for certification.
0
156. Add Sec.  1037.570 to Subpart F to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.570  Determination of torque converter capacity factors.

    This section describes a procedure for mapping torque converter 
capacity factors through a determination of torque converter input and 
output speeds and torques.
    (a) You may establish torque converter capacity factors based on 
testing any torque converter. Alternatively, you may ask us to approve 
torque converter capacity factors for untested configurations that are 
analytically derived from tested configurations (see Sec.  
1037.235(h)).
    (b) Prepare a torque converter for testing as follows:
    (1) Select a torque converter with less than 500 hours of operation 
before testing.
    (2) Mount the torque converter with transmission to the dynamometer 
in either a serial or parallel arrangement. If you choose a serial 
arrangement, you may test without the transmission.
    (3) Add transmission oil according to the torque converter 
manufacturer's instructions. If the torque converter manufacturer 
specifies multiple transmission oils, select the one with the highest 
viscosity at operating temperature. You may use a lower-viscosity 
transmission oil if we approve that as critical emission-related 
maintenance under Sec.  1037.125. Fill the transmission oil to a level 
that represents in-use operation. If you are testing the torque 
converter only, the input torque converter transmission oil flow rate 
and output pressure must be kept within the torque converter 
manufacturer's limits for the transmission type and maximum input 
speed. You may use an external transmission oil conditioning system, as 
long as it does not affect measured values.
    (4) Install equipment for measuring the bulk temperature of the 
transmission oil in the oil sump or a similar location. If the torque 
converter is tested without the transmission, measure the oil 
temperature prior to where it enters the torque converter.
    (5) If the torque converter is equipped with a lock, unlock it for 
all testing performed in this section. If equipped with slipping lockup 
clutch technology you may ask us to approve a different strategy if you 
have data showing that it represents better in-use operation.
    (6) Break in the torque converter and transmission (if applicable) 
using good engineering judgment. Maintain transmission oil temperature 
at (87 to 93) [deg]C. You may ask us to approve a different range of 
transmission oil temperatures if you have data showing that it better 
represents in-use operation.
    (c) Measure input and output shaft speed and torque as described in 
40 CFR 1065.210(b), except that you must use a speed measurement system 
that meets an accuracy of 0.1% of point or 1 r/min, 
whichever is greater. Use torque transducers that meet an accuracy 
requirement of 1.0% of the torque converter's maximum rated 
input torque or output torque for loaded and unloaded test points. 
Calibrate and verify measurement instruments according to 40 CFR part 
1065, subpart C. Command speed and torque at a minimum of 10 Hz, and 
record all data, including bulk oil temperature, at a minimum of 1 Hz 
mean values.
    (d) The test matrix consists of torque converter constant input 
shaft speeds or input shaft torque setpoints depending on the 
measurement option that you choose.
    (1) To determine torque converter characteristics at constant input 
speed:
    (i) Select an input rotational pump speed, fnpum, fixed 
to a constant speed between (1000 and 2000) r/min.
    (ii) Test the torque converter at multiple speed ratios, v, in the 
range of v = 0 to v = 0.95. Use a step width of 0.1 for the range of v 
= 0 to 0.6 and 0.05 for the range of v = 0.6 to 0.95.
    (2) To determine torque converter characteristics at constant input 
torque:
    (i) Set the input pump torque, Tpum, to a positive level 
at fnpum = 1000 r/min with the output shaft of the torque 
converter locked in a non-rotating state (output rotational turbine 
speed, ntur, = 0 r/min).
    (ii) Test the torque converter at multiple speed ratios, v, in the 
range of v = 0 up to a usable value of [fnof]ntur that 
covers the usable range of v with at least seven evenly distributed 
points. Use a step width of 0.1 for the range of v = 0 to 0.6 and 0.05 
for the range of v = 0.6 to 0.95.
    (e) Characterize the torque converter using the following 
procedure:
    (1) Maintain ambient temperature between (15 and 35) [deg]C 
throughout testing. Measure ambient temperature within 1.0 m of the 
torque converter.
    (2) Maintain transmission oil temperature as described in paragraph 
(b)(6) of this section. You may use an external transmission oil 
conditioning system, as long as it does not affect measured values.
    (3) Use good engineering judgment to warm up the torque converter 
according to the torque converter manufacturer's specifications.
    (4) Operate the torque converter as follows:

[[Page 28270]]

    (i) For testing at constant input speed, set the input rotational 
pump speed to the value chosen in paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section.
    (ii) For testing at constant input torque, set the input pump 
torque and pump speed to the values chosen in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of 
this section.
    (5) Operate the torque converter at v = 0 for (5 to 60) seconds, 
then measure input pump torque, Tpum, output turbine torque, 
Ttur, input rotational pump speed, [fnof]npum, 
output rotational turbine speed, [fnof]ntur, and the torque 
converter inlet oil temperature, TTCin, for (5 to 15) 
seconds. Calculate arithmetic mean values for all speed and torque 
values over each measurement period. Repeat this stabilization, 
measurement, and calculation for the other speed ratios from the test 
matrix in order of increasing speed ratio. Adjust the speed ratio by 
increasing the output rotational turbine speed. You may limit the upper 
speed ratio to a value below 0.95 if you have data that shows this 
better represents in-use operation. If you choose a lower this limit 
you must test at least seven evenly distributed points between v = 0 
and your new upper speed ratio.
    (6) Perform the test sequence described in paragraph (e)(5) of this 
section two times.
    (7) Calculate mean input pump torque, Tpum, mean output 
turbine torque, Ttur, mean input rotational pump speed, 
fnpum, and mean output rotational turbine speed, 
fntur, for each point in the test matrix for each of the 
repeat tests.
    (8) The deviation between the mean of the two torque measurement 
sets cannot exceed 5% of the average or 1 
N[middot]m (whichever is greater) or the test mest be repeated.
    (9) The deviation for the complete speed ratio series between the 
measured and averaged speed and torque values at the input shaft may 
not exceed 5 rpm and 5 N[middot]m of the speed 
and torque set points for each measured operating point. If any of 
these ranges are exceed, the test must be repeated.
    (f) Calculate the mean torque ratio, l, at each operating condition 
in the test matrix as follows:
    (1) [mu] is the mean torque ratio, for each of the tests, at each 
operating condition.
    (2) For each test calculate the mean torque ratio, [mu], as 
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.068

Where:

Ttur = mean output turbine torque.
Tpum = mean input pump torque.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.069

    (g) Calculate the mean capacity factor, k, at each operating 
condition in the test matrix as follows:
    (1) K is the mean capacity factor, for each of the tests, at each 
operating condition.
    (2) For each test calculate the mean capacity factor, K, as 
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.070

Where:

fnpum = mean input rotational pump speed.
Tpum = mean input pump torque.

Example:

fnpum = 1000.0 r/min
Tpum = 150.8 N[middot]m
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.071

    (h) Create a table showing the mean torque ratio, l, and mean 
capacity factor, k, at each of corresponding speed ratios, v, that were 
tested, for input into GEM. Express mean torque ratio to two decimal 
places; express mean capacity factor in r/
(min[middot](N[middot]m)\0.5\) to one decimal place; express speed 
ratio to two decimal places.
0
157. Amend Sec.  1037.621 by revising paragraph (g) introductory text 
to read as follows:

[[Page 28271]]

Sec.  1037.621  Delegated assembly.

* * * * *
    (g) We may allow certifying vehicle manufacturers to authorize 
dealers or distributors to reconfigure/recalibrate vehicles after the 
vehicles have been introduced into commerce if they have not yet been 
delivered to the ultimate purchaser as follows:
* * * * *
0
158. Amend Sec.  1037.660 by revising paragraph (a)(2) and adding 
paragraph (b)(3)(ii) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.660  Idle-reduction technologies.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) Neutral idle. Phase 2 vehicles with hydrokinetic torque 
converters paired with automatic transmissions qualify for neutral-idle 
credit in GEM modeling if the transmission reduces torque equivalent to 
shifting into neutral throughout the interval during which the 
vehicle's brake pedal is depressed and the vehicle is at a zero-speed 
condition (beginning within two seconds of the vehicle reaching zero 
speed with the brake depressed). If a vehicle reduces torque partially 
but not enough to be equivalent to shifting to neutral, you may use the 
provisions of Sec.  1037.610(g) to apply for an appropriate partial 
emission reduction; this may involve A to B testing with the powertrain 
test procedure in Sec.  1037.550 or the spin-loss portion of the 
transmission efficiency test in Sec.  1037.565.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) * * *.
    (ii) When the transmission is in reverse gear.
* * * * *
0
159. Amend Sec.  1037.665 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.665  Production and in-use tractor testing.

* * * * *
    (c) We may approve your request to perform alternative testing that 
will provide equivalent or better information compared to the specified 
testing. For example, we may allow you to provide CO2 data 
from in-use operation or from manufacturer-run on-road testing as long 
as it allows for reasonable year-to-year comparisons and includes 
testing from non-prototype vehicles. We may also direct you to do less 
testing than we specify in this section.
* * * * *
0
160. Amend Sec.  1037.670 by revising the section heading and 
paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.670  Optional CO2 emission standards for tractors at or 
above 120,000 pounds GCWR.

    (a) You may certify tractors at or above 120,000 pounds GCWR to the 
following CO2 standards instead of the Phase 2 
CO2 standards of Sec.  1037.106:

        Table 1 of Sec.   1037.670--Optional Phase 2 CO2 Standards for Tractors Above 120,000 Pounds GCWR
                                                [g/ton-mile] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Model years      Model years      Model years
                         Subcategory                              2021-2023        2024-2026      2026 and later
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heavy Class 8 Low-Roof Day Cab...............................             53.5             50.8             48.9
Heavy Class 8 Low-Roof Sleeper Cab...........................             47.1             44.5             42.4
Heavy Class 8 Mid-Roof Day Cab...............................             55.6             52.8             50.8
Heavy Class 8 Mid-Roof Sleeper Cab...........................             49.6             46.9             44.7
Heavy Class 8 High-Roof Day Cab..............................             54.5             51.4             48.6
Heavy Class 8 High-Roof Sleeper Cab..........................             47.1             44.2             41.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Note that these standards are not directly comparable to the standards for Heavy-Haul Tractors in Sec.
  1037.106 because GEM handles aerodynamic performance differently for the two sets of standards.

    (b) Determine subcategories as described in Sec.  1037.230 for 
tractors that are not heavy-haul tractors. For example, the subcategory 
for tractors that would otherwise be considered Class 8 low-roof day 
cabs would be Heavy Class 8 Low-Roof Day Cabs and would be identified 
as HC8_DC_LR for the GEM run.
* * * * *
0
161. Amend Sec.  1037.701 by revising paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.701  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (h) See Sec.  1037.740 for special credit provisions that apply for 
credits generated under 40 CFR 86.1819-14(k)(7), 40 CFR 1036.615, or 
Sec.  1037.615.
* * * * *
0
162. Amend Sec.  1037.705 by revising paragraph (c)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1037.705  Generating and calculating emission credits.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Exported vehicles. This exclusion applies even for exported 
vehicles that are certified under this part and labeled accordingly.
* * * * *
0
163. Amend Sec.  1037.745 by revising the section heading to read as 
follows.

Sec.  1037.745  End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.

* * * * *
0
164. Amend Sec.  1037.801 by:
0
a. Revising the definitions for ``Compression-ignition'' and ``Electric 
vehicle'';
0
b. Adding a definition for ``Engine control module'' in alphabetical 
order;
0
c. Revising the definition for ``Heavy-duty vehicle;
0
d. Adding a definition for ``High-strength steel'' in alphabetical 
order;
0
e. Revising the definitions for ``Light-duty truck'', ``Low rolling 
resitance tire'', and ``Model year''; and
0
f. Adding a definition for ``Tonne'' in alphabetical order.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1037.801  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Compression-ignition has the meaning given in Sec.  1037.101.
* * * * *
    Electric vehicle means a motor vehicle that does not include an 
engine, and is powered solely by an external source of electricity and/
or solar power. Note that this does not include hybrid electric 
vehicles or fuel-cell vehicles that use a chemical fuel such as 
gasoline, diesel fuel, or hydrogen. Electric vehicles may also be 
referred to as all-electric vehicles to distinguish them from hybrid 
vehicles.
* * * * *
    Engine control module has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
* * * * *
    Heavy-duty vehicle means any trailer and any other motor vehicle 
that has a GVWR above 8,500 pounds. An

[[Page 28272]]

incomplete vehicle is also a heavy-duty vehicle if it has a curb weight 
above 6,000 pounds or a basic vehicle frontal area greater than 45 
square feet.
* * * * *
    High-strength steel has the meaning given in Sec.  1037.520.
* * * * *
    Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle that is not a heavy-duty 
vehicle, but is:
    (1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property 
or is a derivation of such a vehicle; or
    (2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a 
capacity of more than 12 persons; or
    (3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-
highway operation and use.
* * * * *
    Low rolling resistance tire means a tire on a vocational vehicle 
with a TRRL at or below of 7.7 kg/tonne, a steer tire on a tractor with 
a TRRL at or below 7.7 kg/tonne, a drive tire on a tractor with a TRRL 
at or below 8.1 kg/tonne, a tire on a non-box trailer with a TRRL at or 
below of 6.5 kg/tonne, or a tire on a box van with a TRRL at or below 
of 6.0 kg/tonne.
* * * * *
    Model year means one of the following for compliance with this part 
1037. Note that manufacturers may have other model year designations 
for the same vehicle for compliance with other requirements or for 
other purposes:
    (1) For tractors and vocational vehicles with a date of manufacture 
on or after January 1, 2021, the vehicle's model year is the calendar 
year corresponding to the date of manufacture, except as follows:
    (i) The vehicle's model year may be designated to be the year 
before the calendar year corresponding to the date of manufacture if 
the engine's model year is also from an earlier year. You may ask us to 
extend yor prior model year certificate to include such vehicles. Note 
that Sec.  1037.601(a)(2) limits the extent to which vehicle 
manufacturers may install engines built in earlier calendar years.
    (ii) The vehicle's model year may be designated to be the year 
after the calendar year corresponding to the date of manufacture. For 
example, a manufacturer may produce a new vehicle by installing the 
engine in December 2023 and designating it to be a model year 2024 
vehicle.
    (2) For trailers and for Phase 1 tractors and vocational vehicles 
with a date of manufacture before January 1, 2021, model year means the 
manufacturer's annual new model production period, except as restricted 
under this definition and 40 CFR part 85, subpart X. It must include 
January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is named, may 
not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar year, and it must 
end by December 31 of the named calendar year. The model year may be 
set to match the calendar year corresponding to the date of 
manufacture.
    (i) The manufacturer who holds the certificate of conformity for 
the vehicle must assign the model year based on the date when its 
manufacturing operations are completed relative to its annual model 
year period. In unusual circumstances where completion of your assembly 
is delayed, we may allow you to assign a model year one year earlier, 
provided it does not affect which regulatory requirements will apply.
    (ii) Unless a vehicle is being shipped to a secondary vehicle 
manufacturer that will hold the certificate of conformity, the model 
year must be assigned prior to introduction of the vehicle into U.S. 
commerce. The certifying manufacturer must redesignate the model year 
if it does not complete its manufacturing operations within the 
originally identified model year. A vehicle introduced into U.S. 
commerce without a model year is deemed to have a model year equal to 
the calendar year of its introduction into U.S. commerce unless the 
certifying manufacturer assigns a later date.
* * * * *
    Tonne means metric ton, which is exactly 1000 kg.
* * * * *
0
165. Amend Sec.  1037.805 by revising paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and (e) 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.805  Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms.

* * * * *
    (b) Symbols for quantities. This part 1037 uses the following 
symbols and units of measure for various quantities:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                Unit in terms of
         Symbol                  Quantity                   Unit               Unit symbol       SI base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A......................  vehicle frictional load  pound force or newton..  lbf or N..........  kg[middot]m[middo
                                                                                                t]s-2.
a......................  axle position
                          regression coefficient.
[alpha]................  atomic hydrogen-to-      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1.
                          carbon ratio.
[alpha]................  axle position
                          regression coefficient.
[alpha]0...............  intercept of air speed
                          correction.
[alpha]1...............  slope of air speed
                          correction.
ag.....................  acceleration of Earth's  meters per second        m/s\2\............  m[middot]s-2.
                          gravity.                 squared.
a0.....................  intercept of least
                          squares regression.
a1.....................  slope of least squares
                          regression.
B......................  vehicle load from drag   pound force per mile     lbf/(mi/hr) or      kg[middot]s-1.
                          and rolling resistance.  per hour or newton       N[middot]s/m.
                                                   second per meter.
b......................  axle position
                          regression coefficient.
[beta].................  atomic oxygen-to-carbon  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1.
                          ratio.
[beta].................  axle position
                          regression coefficient.
[beta]0................  intercept of air
                          direction correction.
[beta]1................  slope of air direction
                          correction.
C......................  vehicle-specific         pound force per mile     lbf/mph\2\ or       kg[middot]m-1.
                          aerodynamic effects.     per hour squared or      N[middot]s\2\/
                                                   newton-second squared    m\2\.
                                                   per meter squared.
c......................  axle position
                          regression coefficient.
ci.....................  axle test regression
                          coefficients.
Ci.....................  constant...............
[Delta]CdA.............  differential drag area.  meter squared..........  m\2\..............  m\2\.
CdA....................  drag area..............  meter squared..........  m\2\..............  m\2\.
Cd.....................  drag coefficient.......
CF.....................  correction factor......
Crr....................  coefficient of rolling   kilogram per metric ton  kg/tonne..........  10-3.
                          resistance.

[[Page 28273]]

 
D......................  distance...............  miles or meters........  mi or m...........  m.
e......................  mass-weighted emission   grams/ton-mile.........  g/ton-mi..........  g/kg-km.
                          result.
Eff....................  efficiency.............
F......................  adjustment factor......
F......................  force..................  pound force or newton..  lbf or N..........  kg[middot]m[middo
                                                                                                t]s-2.
[fnof]n................  angular speed (shaft)..  revolutions per minute.  r/min.............  [pi][middot]30[mi
                                                                                                ddot]s-1.
G......................  road grade.............  percent................  %.................  10-2.
g......................  gravitational            meters per second        m/s\2\............  m[middot]s-2.
                          acceleration.            squared.
h......................  elevation or height....  meters.................  m.................  m.
i......................  indexing variable......
ka.....................  drive axle ratio.......  .......................  ..................  1.
kd.....................  transmission gear ratio
ktopgear...............  highest available
                          transmission gear.
L......................  load over axle.........  pound force or newton..  lbf or N..........  kg[middot]m[middo
                                                                                                t]s-2.
m......................  mass...................  pound mass or kilogram.  lbm or kg.........  kg.
M......................  molar mass.............  gram per mole..........  g/mol.............  10-
                                                                                                3[middot]kg[midd
                                                                                                ot]mol-1.
M......................  vehicle mass...........  kilogram...............  kg................  kg.
Me.....................  vehicle effective mass.  kilogram...............  kg................  kg.
Mrotating..............  inertial mass of         kilogram...............  kg................  kg.
                          rotating components.
N......................  total number in series.
n......................  number of tires........
n..........  amount of substance      mole per second........  mol/s.............  mol[middot]s-1.
                          rate.
P......................  power..................  kilowatt...............  kW................  10\3\[middot]m\2\
                                                                                                [middot]kg[middo
                                                                                                t]s-3.
p......................  pressure...............  pascal.................  Pa................  kg[middot]m-
                                                                                                1[middot]s-2.
[rho]..................  mass density...........  kilogram per cubic       kg/m\3\...........  kg[middot]m-3.
                                                   meter.
PL.....................  payload................  tons...................  ton...............  kg.
[phis].................  direction..............  degrees................  [deg].............  [deg].
[psi]..................  direction..............  degrees................  [deg].............  [deg].
r......................  tire radius............  meter..................  m.................  m.
r\2\...................  coefficient of
                          determination.
Re....................  Reynolds number........
SEE....................  standard estimate of
                          error.
[sigma]................  standard deviation.....
TRPM...................  tire revolutions per     revolutions per mile...  r/mi..............
                          mile.
TRRL...................  tire rolling resistance  kilogram per metric ton  kg/tonne..........  10-3.
                          level.
T......................  absolute temperature...  kelvin.................  K.................  K.
T......................  Celsius temperature....  degree Celsius.........  [deg]C............  K-273.15.
T......................  torque (moment of        newton meter...........  N[middot]m........  m\2\[middot]kg[mi
                          force).                                                               ddot]s-2.
t......................  time...................  hour or second.........  hr or s...........  s.
[Delta]t...............  time interval, period,   second.................  s.................  s.
                          1/frequency.
UF.....................  utility factor.........
v......................  speed..................  miles per hour or        mi/hr or m/s......  m[middot]s-1.
                                                   meters per second.
w......................  weighting factor.......
w......................  wind speed.............  miles per hour.........  mi/hr.............  m[middot]s-1.
W......................  work...................  kilowatt-hour..........  kW[middot]hr......  3.6[middot]m\2\[m
                                                                                                iddot]kg[middot]
                                                                                                s-1.
wC.....................  carbon mass fraction...  gram/gram..............  g/g...............  1.
WR.....................  weight reduction.......  pound mass.............  lbm...............  kg.
x......................  amount of substance      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1.
                          mole fraction.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                            Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y).......................  arithmetic mean.
double overbar (such as ).................  arithmetic mean of
                                             arithmetic mean.
overdot (such as y).......................  quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subscript                             Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6................  6[deg] yaw angle sweep.
A............................  A speed.
air..........................  air.
aero.........................  aerodynamic.
alt..........................  alternative.
act..........................  actual or measured condition.
air..........................  air.
axle.........................  axle.
B............................  B speed.
brake........................  brake.
C............................  C speed.
Ccombdry.....................  carbon from fuel per mole of dry exhaust.

[[Page 28274]]

 
CD...........................  charge-depleting.
circuit......................  circuit.
CO2DEF.......................  CO2 resulting from diesel exhaust fluid
                                decomposition.
CO2PTO.......................  CO2 emissions for PTO cycle.
coastdown....................  coastdown.
comp.........................  composite.
CS...........................  charge-sustaining.
cycle........................  test cycle.
drive........................  drive axle.
drive-idle...................  idle with the transmission in drive.
driver.......................  driver.
dyno.........................  dynamometer.
effective....................  effective.
end..........................  end.
eng..........................  engine.
event........................  event.
fuel.........................  fuel.
full.........................  full.
grade........................  grade.
H2Oexhaustdry................  H2O in exhaust per mole of exhaust.
hi...........................  high.
i............................  an individual of a series.
idle.........................  idle.
in...........................  inlet.
inc..........................  increment.
lo...........................  low.
loss.........................  loss.
max..........................  maximum.
meas.........................  measured quantity.
med..........................  median.
min..........................  minimum.
moving.......................  moving.
out..........................  outlet.
P............................  power.
pair.........................  pair of speed segments.
parked-idle..................  idle with the transmission in park.
partial......................  partial.
ploss........................  power loss.
plug-in......................  plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
powertrain...................  powertrain.
PTO..........................  power take-off.
rated........................  rated speed.
record.......................  record.
ref..........................  reference quantity.
RL...........................  road load.
rotating.....................  rotating.
seg..........................  segment.
speed........................  speed.
spin.........................  axle spin loss.
start........................  start.
steer........................  steer axle.
t............................  tire.
test.........................  test.
th...........................  theoretical.
total........................  total.
trac.........................  traction.
trac10.......................  traction force at 10 mi/hr.
trailer......................  trailer axle.
transient....................  transient.
TRR..........................  tire rolling resistance.
urea.........................  urea.
veh..........................  vehicle.
w............................  wind.
wa...........................  wind average.
yaw..........................  yaw angle.
ys...........................  yaw sweep.
zero.........................  zero quantity.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following 
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

[[Page 28275]]

------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABT..........................  averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD.........................  auxiliary emission control device.
AES..........................  automatic engine shutdown.
APU..........................  auxiliary power unit.
CD...........................  charge-depleting.
CFD..........................  computational fluid dynamics.
CFR..........................  Code of Federal Regulations.
CITT.........................  curb idle transmission torque.
CS...........................  charge-sustaining.
DOT..........................  Department of Transportation.
ECM..........................  engine control module.
EPA..........................  Environmental Protection Agency.
FE...........................  fuel economy.
FEL..........................  Family Emission Limit.
GAWR.........................  gross axle weight rating.
GCWR.........................  gross combination weight rating.
GEM..........................  greenhouse gas emission model.
GVWR.........................  gross vehicle weight rating.
Heavy HDV....................  Heavy heavy-duty vehicle (see Sec.
                                1037.140).
HVAC.........................  heating, ventilating, and air
                                conditioning.
ISO..........................  International Organization for
                                Standardization.
Light HDV....................  Light heavy-duty vehicle (see Sec.
                                1037.140).
Medium HDV...................  Medium heavy-duty vehicle (see Sec.
                                1037.140).
NARA.........................  National Archives and Records
                                Administration.
NHTSA........................  National Highway Transportation Safety
                                Administration.
PHEV.........................  plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
PTO..........................  power take-off.
RESS.........................  rechargeable energy storage system.
rpm..........................  revolutions per minute.
SAE..........................  Society of Automotive Engineers.
SEE..........................  standard error of estimate.
SKU..........................  stock-keeping unit.
TRPM.........................  tire revolutions per mile.
TRRL.........................  tire rolling resistance level.
U.S.C........................  United States Code.
VSL..........................  vehicle speed limiter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
0
166. Amend Sec.  1037.810 by revising paragraphs (a) and (c)(2) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1037.810  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part 
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that 
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must 
publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be 
available to the public. All approved material is available for 
inspection at EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 
Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, www.epa.gov/dockets, 
(202) 202-1744, and is available from the sources listed below. It is 
also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records 
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this 
material at NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov, or go to 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Greenhouse gas Emissions Model (GEM) Phase 2, Version 3.5, 
November 2019; IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1037.520 and 1037.550(b). 
The computer code for this model is available as noted in paragraph (a) 
of this section. A working version of this software is also available 
for download at https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/greenhouse-gas-emissions-model-gem-medium-and-heavy-duty.
* * * * *
0
167. Revise Appendix IV to Part 1037 to read as follows:

Appendix IV to Part 1037--Heavy-Duty Grade Profile for Phase 2 Steady-
State Test Cycles

    The following table identifies a grade profile for operating 
vehicles over the highway cruise cycles specified in subpart F of 
this part. Determine intermediate values by linear interpolation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Distance (m)                           Grade (%)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.......................................................               0
402.....................................................               0
804.....................................................             0.5
1206....................................................               0
1210....................................................               0
1222....................................................            -0.1
1234....................................................               0
1244....................................................               0
1294....................................................            0.36
1344....................................................               0
1354....................................................               0
1408....................................................           -0.28
1504....................................................           -1.04
1600....................................................           -0.28
1654....................................................               0
1666....................................................               0
1792....................................................            0.39
1860....................................................            0.66
1936....................................................            1.15
2098....................................................            2.44
2260....................................................            1.15
2336....................................................            0.66
2404....................................................            0.39
2530....................................................               0
2548....................................................               0
2732....................................................           -0.46
2800....................................................           -0.69
2880....................................................           -1.08
2948....................................................           -1.53
3100....................................................           -2.75
3252....................................................           -1.53
3320....................................................           -1.08
3400....................................................           -0.69
3468....................................................           -0.46
3652....................................................               0
3666....................................................               0
3742....................................................            0.35
3818....................................................             0.9
3904....................................................            1.59
3990....................................................             0.9
4066....................................................            0.35
4142....................................................               0
4158....................................................               0
4224....................................................            -0.1

[[Page 28276]]

 
4496....................................................           -0.69
4578....................................................           -0.97
4664....................................................           -1.36
4732....................................................           -1.78
4916....................................................           -3.23
5100....................................................           -1.78
5168....................................................           -1.36
5254....................................................           -0.97
5336....................................................           -0.69
5608....................................................            -0.1
5674....................................................               0
5724....................................................               0
5808....................................................             0.1
5900....................................................            0.17
6122....................................................            0.38
6314....................................................            0.58
6454....................................................            0.77
6628....................................................            1.09
6714....................................................            1.29
6838....................................................            1.66
6964....................................................            2.14
7040....................................................            2.57
7112....................................................               3
7164....................................................            3.27
7202....................................................            3.69
7292....................................................            5.01
7382....................................................            3.69
7420....................................................            3.27
7472....................................................               3
7544....................................................            2.57
7620....................................................            2.14
7746....................................................            1.66
7870....................................................            1.29
7956....................................................            1.09
8130....................................................            0.77
8270....................................................            0.58
8462....................................................            0.38
8684....................................................            0.17
8776....................................................             0.1
8860....................................................               0
8904....................................................               0
9010....................................................           -0.38
9070....................................................           -0.69
9254....................................................           -2.13
9438....................................................           -0.69
9498....................................................           -0.38
9604....................................................               0
9616....................................................               0
9664....................................................            0.26
9718....................................................             0.7
9772....................................................            0.26
9820....................................................               0
9830....................................................               0
9898....................................................           -0.34
10024...................................................           -1.33
10150...................................................           -0.34
10218...................................................               0
10228...................................................               0
10316...................................................            0.37
10370...................................................             0.7
10514...................................................            1.85
10658...................................................             0.7
10712...................................................            0.37
10800...................................................               0
10812...................................................               0
10900...................................................           -0.37
10954...................................................            -0.7
11098...................................................           -1.85
11242...................................................            -0.7
11296...................................................           -0.37
11384...................................................               0
11394...................................................               0
11462...................................................            0.34
11588...................................................            1.33
11714...................................................            0.34
11782...................................................               0
11792...................................................               0
11840...................................................           -0.26
11894...................................................            -0.7
11948...................................................           -0.26
11996...................................................               0
12008...................................................               0
12114...................................................            0.38
12174...................................................            0.69
12358...................................................            2.13
12542...................................................            0.69
12602...................................................            0.38
12708...................................................               0
12752...................................................               0
12836...................................................            -0.1
12928...................................................           -0.17
13150...................................................           -0.38
13342...................................................           -0.58
13482...................................................           -0.77
13656...................................................           -1.09
13742...................................................           -1.29
13866...................................................           -1.66
13992...................................................           -2.14
14068...................................................           -2.57
14140...................................................              -3
14192...................................................           -3.27
14230...................................................           -3.69
14320...................................................           -5.01
14410...................................................           -3.69
14448...................................................           -3.27
14500...................................................              -3
14572...................................................           -2.57
14648...................................................           -2.14
14774...................................................           -1.66
14898...................................................           -1.29
14984...................................................           -1.09
15158...................................................           -0.77
15298...................................................           -0.58
15490...................................................           -0.38
15712...................................................           -0.17
15804...................................................            -0.1
15888...................................................               0
15938...................................................               0
16004...................................................             0.1
16276...................................................            0.69
16358...................................................            0.97
16444...................................................            1.36
16512...................................................            1.78
16696...................................................            3.23
16880...................................................            1.78
16948...................................................            1.36
17034...................................................            0.97
17116...................................................            0.69
17388...................................................             0.1
17454...................................................               0
17470...................................................               0
17546...................................................           -0.35
17622...................................................            -0.9
17708...................................................           -1.59
17794...................................................            -0.9
17870...................................................           -0.35
17946...................................................               0
17960...................................................               0
18144...................................................            0.46
18212...................................................            0.69
18292...................................................            1.08
18360...................................................            1.53
18512...................................................            2.75
18664...................................................            1.53
18732...................................................            1.08
18812...................................................            0.69
18880...................................................            0.46
19064...................................................               0
19082...................................................               0
19208...................................................           -0.39
19276...................................................           -0.66
19352...................................................           -1.15
19514...................................................           -2.44
19676...................................................           -1.15
19752...................................................           -0.66
19820...................................................           -0.39
19946...................................................               0
19958...................................................               0
20012...................................................            0.28
20108...................................................            1.04
20204...................................................            0.28
20258...................................................               0
20268...................................................               0
20318...................................................           -0.36
20368...................................................               0
20378...................................................               0
20390...................................................             0.1
20402...................................................               0
20406...................................................               0
20808...................................................            -0.5
21210...................................................               0
21612...................................................               0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 1039--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD 
COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES

0
168. The authority statement for part 1039 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
169. Amend Sec.  1039.1 by revising paragraphs (b)(3) and (c) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1039.1  Does this part apply for my engines?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Engines originally meeting Tier 1, Tier 2, or Tier 3 standards 
as specified in Appendix I of this part remain subject to those 
standards. This includes uncertified engines that meet standards under 
40 CFR 1068.265. Affected engines remain subject to recall provisions 
as specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart F, throughout the useful life 
corresponding to the original certification. Also, tampering and 
defeat-device prohibitions continue to apply for those engines as 
specified in 40 CFR 1068.101.
* * * * *
    (c) The definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30 excludes 
certain engines used in stationary applications. These engines may be 
required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, to comply with some of the 
provisions of this part 1039; otherwise, these engines are only 
required to comply with the requirements in Sec.  1039.20. In addition, 
the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101 restrict the use of stationary 
engines for

[[Page 28277]]

nonstationary purposes unless they are certified to the same standards 
that would apply to certain nonroad engines for the same model year.
* * * * *
0
170. Amend Sec.  1039.20 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text, 
paragraphs (b)(2), (4), and (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.20  What requirements from this part apply to excluded 
stationary engines?

* * * * *
    (a) You must add a permanent label or tag to each new engine you 
produce or import that is excluded under Sec.  1039.1(c) as a 
stationary engine and is not required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, 
to meet the requirements described in this part 1039, or the 
requirements described in 40 CFR part 1042, that are equivalent to the 
requirements applicable to marine or land-based nonroad engines for the 
same model year. To meet labeling requirements, you must do the 
following things:
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Include your full corporate name and trademark.
* * * * *
    (4) State: ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPTED FROM NONROAD CERTIFICATION 
REQUIREMENTS AS A ``STATIONARY ENGINE.'' INSTALLING OR USING THIS 
ENGINE IN ANY OTHER APPLICATION MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW 
SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.''
    (c) Stationary engines required by 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII, to 
meet the requirements described in this part 1039 or 40 CFR part 1042, 
must meet the labeling requirements of 40 CFR 60.4210.
0
171. Amend Sec.  1039.101 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.101  What exhaust emission standards must my engines meet 
after the 2014 model year?

    The exhaust emission standards of this section apply after the 2014 
model year. Certain of these standards also apply for model year 2014 
and earlier. This section presents the full set of emission standards 
that apply after all the transition and phase-in provisions of Sec.  
1039.102 and Sec.  1039.104 expire. Section 1039.105 specifies smoke 
standards.
* * * * *
    (b) Emission standards for steady-state testing. Steady-state 
exhaust emissions from your engines may not exceed the applicable 
emission standards in Table 1 of this section. Measure emissions using 
the applicable steady-state test procedures described in subpart F of 
this part.

                          Table 1 of Sec.   1039.101--Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards After the 2014 Model Year, g/kW-hr \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Maximum engine power                      Application                PM              NOX            NMHC         NOX + NMHC          CO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19...................................  All.........................        \2\ 0.40  ..............  ..............             7.5         \3\ 6.6
19 <= kW < 56.............................  All.........................            0.03  ..............  ..............             4.7         \4\ 5.0
56 <= kW < 130............................  All.........................            0.02            0.40            0.19  ..............             5.0
130 <= kW <= 560..........................  All.........................            0.02            0.40            0.19  ..............             3.5
kW > 560..................................  Generator sets..............            0.03            0.67            0.19  ..............             3.5
kW > 560..................................  All except generator sets...            0.04             3.5            0.19  ..............             3.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Note that some of these standards also apply for 2014 and earlier model years. This table presents the full set of emission standards that apply
  after all the transition and phase-in provisions of Sec.   1039.102 expire.
\2\ See paragraph (c) of this section for provisions related to an optional PM standard for certain engines below 8 kW.
\3\ The CO standard is 8.0 g/kW-hr for engines below 8 kW.
\4\ The CO standard is 5.5 g/kW-hr for engines below 37 kW.

* * * * *
0
172. Amend Sec.  1039.102 by:
0
a. Revising the introductory text and paragraph (a)(2);
0
b. Revising Tables 1, 3, and 6 in paragraph (b); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (d)(1), (e)(3), (g)(1)(iv), and (g)(2).
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  1039.102  What exhaust emission standards and phase-in allowances 
apply for my engines in model year 2014 and earlier?

    The exhaust emission standards of this section apply for 2014 and 
earlier model years. See Sec.  1039.101 for exhaust emission standards 
that apply to later model years.
    (a) * * *
    (2) The transient standards in this section for gaseous pollutants 
do not apply to phase-out engines that you certify to the same 
numerical standards (and FELs if the engines are certified using ABT) 
for gaseous pollutants as you certified under the Tier 3 requirements 
identified in Appendix I of this part. However, except as specified by 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the transient PM emission standards 
apply to these engines.
    (b) * * *

                 Table 1 of Sec.   1039.102--Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): kW <19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Maximum engine power                  Model years              PM          NOX + NMHC          CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 8................................  2008-2014...............        \1\ 0.40             7.5             8.0
8 <= kW < 19..........................  2008-2014...............            0.40             7.5             6.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For engines that qualify for the special provisions in Sec.   1039.101(c), you may delay certifying to the
  standards in this part 1039 until 2010. In 2009 and earlier model years, these engines must instead meet the
  applicable Tier 2 standards and other requirements identified in Appendix I of this part. Starting in 2010,
  these engines must meet a PM standard of 0.60 g/kW-hr, as described in Sec.   1039.101(c). Engines certified
  to the 0.60 g/kWhr PM standard may not generate ABT credits.

* * * * *

[[Page 28278]]

          Table 3 of Sec.   1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): 37 > kW < 56
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Option \1\                       Model years              PM          NOX + NMHC          CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#1....................................  2008-2012...............            0.30             4.7             5.0
#2....................................  2012....................            0.03             4.7             5.0
All...................................  2013-2014...............            0.03             4.7             5.0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ You may certify engines to the Option #1 or Option #2 standards starting in the listed model year. Under
  Option #1, all engines at or above 37 kW and below 56 kW produced before the 2013 model year must meet the
  applicable Option #1 standards in this table. These engines are considered to be ``Option #1 engines.'' Under
  Option #2, all these engines produced before the 2012 model year must meet the applicable standards identified
  in Appendix I of this part. Engines certified to the Option #2 standards in model year 2012 are considered
  ``Option #2 engines.''

* * * * *

                             Table 6 of Sec.   1039.102--Interim Tier 4 Exhaust Emission Standards (g/kW-hr): 130 > kW > 560
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Model years                        Phase-in option              PM              NOX            NMHC         NOX + NMHC          CO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011-2013.................................  Phase-in....................            0.02            0.40            0.19  ..............             3.5
                                            Phase-out...................            0.02  ..............  ..............             4.0             3.5
2014......................................  All engines.................            0.02            0.40            0.19  ..............             3.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) For model years 2012 through 2014, you may use banked 
NOX + NMHC credits from any Tier 2 engine at or above 37 kW 
certified under the standards identified in Appendix I of this part to 
meet the NOX phase-in standards or the NOX + NMHC 
phase-out standards under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, 
subject to the additional ABT provisions in Sec.  1039.740.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (3) You use NOX + NMHC emission credits to certify an 
engine family to the alternate NOX + NMHC standards in this 
paragraph (e)(3) instead of the otherwise applicable alternate 
NOX and NMHC standards. Calculate the alternate 
NOX + NMHC standard by adding 0.1 g/kW-hr to the numerical 
value of the applicable alternate NOX standard of paragraph 
(e)(1) or (2) of this section. Engines certified to the NOX 
+ NMHC standards of this paragraph (e)(3) may not generate emission 
credits. The FEL caps for engine families certified under this 
paragraph (e)(3) are the previously applicable NOX + NMHC 
standards identified in Appendix I of this part (generally the Tier 3 
standards).
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) Gaseous pollutants for phase-out engines that you certify to 
the same numerical standards and FELs for gaseous pollutants to which 
you certified under the Tier 3 requirements identified in Appendix I of 
this part. However, the NTE standards for PM apply to these engines.
    (2) Interim FEL caps. As described in Sec.  1039.101(d), you may 
participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part by certifying 
engines to FELs for PM, NOX, or NOX + NMHC 
instead of the standards in Tables 1 through 7 of this section for the 
model years shown. The FEL caps listed in the following table apply 
instead of the FEL caps in Sec.  1039.101(d)(1), except as allowed by 
Sec.  1039.104(g):

                          Table 8 of Sec.   1039.102--Interim Tier 4 FEL Caps, g/kW-hr
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Model years
    Maximum engine power       Phase-in  option         \1\             PM              NOX         NOX + NMHC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19.....................  ..................       2008-2014            0.80  ..............         \2\ 9.5
19 <= kW < 37...............  ..................       2008-2012            0.60  ..............             9.5
37 <= kW < 56...............  ..................   \3\ 2008-2012            0.40  ..............             7.5
56 <= kW < 130..............  phase-in..........       2012-2013            0.04            0.80  ..............
56 <= kW < 130..............  phase-out.........       2012-2013            0.04  ..............         \4\ 6.6
130 <= kW <= 560............  phase-in..........       2011-2013            0.04            0.80  ..............
130 <= kW <= 560............  phase-out.........       2011-2013            0.04  ..............         \5\ 6.4
kW > 560....................  ..................       2011-2014            0.20             6.2  ..............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ For model years before 2015 where this table does not specify FEL caps, apply the FEL caps shown in Sec.
  1039.101.
\2\ For engines below 8 kW, the FEL cap is 10.5 g/kW-hr for NOX + NMHC emissions.
\3\ For manufacturers certifying engines to the standards of this part 1039 in 2012 under Option #2 of Table 3
  of Sec.   1039.102, the FEL caps for 37-56 kW engines in the 19-56 kW category of Table 2 of Sec.   1039.101
  apply for model year 2012 and later; see Appendix I of this part for provisions that apply to earlier model
  years.
\4\ For engines below 75 kW, the FEL cap is 7.5 g/kW-hr for NOX + NMHC emissions.
\5\ For engines below 225 kW, the FEL cap is 6.6 g/kW-hr for NOX + NMHC emissions.

0
173. Amend Sec.  1039.104 by revising paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), 
(c)(4), and (g)(4) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.104  Are there interim provisions that apply only for a 
limited time?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) You may delay complying with certain otherwise applicable Tier 
4 emission standards and requirements as described in the following 
table:

[[Page 28279]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     Before that model year the
 If your engine's maximum power is .   You may delay meeting . . .    Until model    engine must comply with . .
                 . .                                                  year . . .                  .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW < 19.............................  The standards and                       2011  The standards and
                                       requirements of this part.                    requirements described in
                                                                                     Appendix I of this part.
19 <= kW < 37.......................  The Tier 4 standards and                2016  The Tier 4 standards and
                                       requirements of this part                     requirements that apply for
                                       that would otherwise be                       model year 2008.
                                       applicable in model year
                                       2013.
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37 <= kW < 56.......................  See paragraph (c)(2) of this section for special provisions that apply for
                                                            engines in this power category.
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
56 <= kW < 130......................  The standards and                       2015  The standards and
                                       requirements of this part.                    requirements described in
                                                                                     Appendix I of this part.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) * * *
    (ii) If you do not choose to comply with paragraph (c)(2)(i) of 
this section, you may continue to comply with the standards and 
requirements described in Appendix I of this part for model years 
through 2012, but you must begin complying in 2013 with Tier 4 
standards and requirements specified in Table 3 of Sec.  1039.102 for 
model years 2013 and later.
* * * * *
    (4) For engines not in the 19-56 kW power category, if you delay 
compliance with any standards under this paragraph (c), you must do all 
the following things for the model years when you are delaying 
compliance with the otherwise applicable standards:
    (i) Produce engines that meet all the emission standards identified 
in Appendix I of this part and other requirements applicable for that 
model year, except as noted in this paragraph (c).
    (ii) Meet the labeling requirements that apply for certified 
engines, but use the following alternative compliance statement: ``THIS 
ENGINE COMPLIES WITH U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [CURRENT MODEL YEAR] 
NONROAD COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES UNDER 40 CFR 1039.104(c).''
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (4) Do not apply TCAFs to gaseous emissions for phase-out engines 
that you certify to the same numerical standards (and FELs if the 
engines are certified using ABT) for gaseous pollutants as you 
certified under the Tier 3 requirements identified in Appendix I of 
this part.

                                 Table 1 of Sec.   1039.104--Alternate FEL Caps
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                    Model years
                                                                    Model years   NOX FEL cap, g/     for the
              Maximum engine power                PM FEL cap, g/      for the        kW-hr \1\     alternate NOX
                                                       kW-hr       alternate PM                       FEL cap
                                                                      FEL cap
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 <= kW < 56...................................            0.30    \2\2012-2015  ..............  ..............
56 <= kW < 130 \3\..............................            0.30       2012-2015             3.8   \4\ 2012-2015
130 <= kW <= 560................................            0.20       2011-2014             3.8   \5\ 2011-2014
kW > 560 \6\....................................            0.10       2015-2018             3.5       2015-2018
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The FEL cap for engines demonstrating compliance with a NOX + NMHC standard is equal to the previously
  applicable NOX + NMHC standard specified in Appendix I of this part (generally the Tier 3 standards).
\2\ For manufacturers certifying engines under Option #1 of Table 3 of Sec.   1039.102, these alternate FEL caps
  apply to all 19-56 kW engines for model years from 2013 through 2016 instead of the years indicated in this
  table. For manufacturers certifying engines under Option #2 of Table 3 of Sec.   1039.102, these alternate FEL
  caps do not apply to 19-37 kW engines except in model years 2013 to 2015.
\3\ For engines below 75 kW, the FEL caps are 0.40 g/kW-hr for PM emissions and 4.4 g/kW-hr for NOX emissions.
\4\ For manufacturers certifying engines in this power category using a percentage phase-in/phase-out approach
  instead of the alternate NOX standards of Sec.   1039.102(e)(1), the alternate NOX FEL cap in the table
  applies only in the 2014-2015 model years if certifying under Sec.   1039.102(d)(1), and only in the 2015
  model year if certifying under Sec.   1039.102(d)(2).
\5\ For manufacturers certifying engines in this power category using the percentage phase-in/phase-out approach
  instead of the alternate NOX standard of Sec.   1039.102(e)(2), the alternate NOX FEL cap in the table applies
  only for the 2014 model year.
\6\ For engines above 560 kW, the provision for alternate NOX FEL caps is limited to generator-set engines.

* * * * *
0
174. Amend Sec.  1039.135 by revising paragraph (e) introductory text 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.135  How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

* * * * *
    (e) For model year 2019 and earlier, create a separate label with 
the statement: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY''. Permanently attach this 
label to the equipment near the fuel inlet or, if you do not 
manufacture the equipment, take one of the following steps to ensure 
that the equipment will be properly labeled:
* * * * *
0
175. Amend Sec.  1039.205 by adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.205  What must I include in my application?

* * * * *
    (c) If your engines are equipped with an engine diagnostic system, 
explain how it works, describing especially the engine conditions (with 
the corresponding diagnostic trouble codes) that cause the malfunction-
indicator light to go on and the design features that minimize the 
potential for operation without reductant.
* * * * *
0
176. Amend Sec.  1039.225 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.225  How do I amend my application for certification?

* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For engine families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing a new or modified engine 
configuration anytime after you send us your amended

[[Page 28280]]

application and before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this 
section. However, if we determine that the affected engines do not meet 
applicable requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the 
engines and may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the 
owner. Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed 
to be consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet 
applicable emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide 
information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days 
after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified 
engines.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
* * * * *
0
177. Amend Sec.  1039.245 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.245  How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust 
durability testing?

* * * * *
    (a) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an engine 
family with established technology based on engineering analysis 
instead of testing. Engines certified to a NOX + NMHC 
standard or FEL greater than the Tier 3 NOX + NMHC standard 
described in Appendix I of this part are considered to rely on 
established technology for gaseous emission control, except that this 
does not include any engines that use exhaust-gas recirculation or 
aftertreatment. In most cases, technologies used to meet the Tier 1 and 
Tier 2 emission standards would be considered to be established 
technology.
* * * * *
0
178. Revise Sec.  1039.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we 
will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family for that 
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or 
incomplete.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1039.820).
0
179. Amend Sec.  1039.601 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.601  What compliance provisions apply?

* * * * *
    (b) Subpart C of this part describes how to test and certify dual-
fuel and flexible-fuel engines. Some multi-fuel engines may not fit 
either of those defined terms. For such engines, we will determine 
whether it is most appropriate to treat them as single-fuel engines, 
dual-fuel engines, or flexible-fuel engines based on the range of 
possible and expected fuel mixtures. For example, an engine might burn 
natural gas but initiate combustion with a pilot injection of diesel 
fuel. If the engine is designed to operate with a single fueling 
algorithm (i.e., fueling rates are fixed at a given engine speed and 
load condition), we would generally treat it as a single-fuel engine. 
In this context, the combination of diesel fuel and natural gas would 
be its own fuel type. If the engine is designed to also operate on 
diesel fuel alone, we would generally treat it as a dual-fuel engine. 
If the engine is designed to operate on varying mixtures of the two 
fuels, we would generally treat it as a flexible-fuel engine. To the 
extent that requirements vary for the different fuels or fuel mixtures, 
we may apply the more stringent requirements.
0
180. Amend Sec.  1039.620 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.620  What are the provisions for exempting engines used 
solely for competition?

* * * * *
    (b) The definition of nonroad engine in 40 CFR 1068.30 excludes 
engines used solely for competition. These engines are not required to 
comply with this part 1039, but 40 CFR 1068.101 prohibits the use of 
competition engines for noncompetition purposes.
* * * * *
0
181. Amend Sec.  1039.625 by revising the introductory text, paragraph 
(d)(4) introductory text, paragraphs (e)(1), (e)(3), and (g)(1)(vi), 
paragraph (j) introductory text, and paragraph (j)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1039.625  What requirements apply under the program for 
equipment-manufacturer flexibility?

    The provisions of this section allow equipment manufacturers to 
produce equipment with engines that are subject to less stringent 
emission standards after the Tier 4 emission standards begin to apply. 
To be eligible to use these provisions, you must follow all the 
instructions in this section. See Sec.  1039.626 for requirements that 
apply specifically to companies that manufacture equipment outside the 
United States and to companies that import such equipment without 
manufacturing it. Engines and equipment you produce under this section 
are exempt from the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1), subject to 
the provisions of this section.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (4) You may start using the allowances under this section for 
engines that are not yet subject to Tier 4 standards, as long as the 
seven-year period for using allowances under the

[[Page 28281]]

Tier 2 or Tier 3 program has expired. Table 3 of this section shows the 
years for which this applies. To use these early allowances, you must 
use engines that meet the emission standards described in paragraph (e) 
of this section. You must also count these units or calculate these 
percentages as described in paragraph (c) of this section and apply 
them toward the total number or percentage of equipment with exempted 
engines we allow for the Tier 4 standards as described in paragraph (b) 
of this section. The maximum number of cumulative early allowances 
under this paragraph (d)(4) is 10 percent under the percent-of-
production allowance or 100 units under the small-volume allowance. For 
example, if you produce 5 percent of your equipment with engines 
between 130 and 560 kW that use allowances under this paragraph (d)(4) 
in 2009, you may use up to an additional 5 percent of your allowances 
in 2010. If you use allowances for 5 percent of your equipment in both 
2009 and 2010, your 80 percent allowance for 2011-2017 in the 130-560 
kW power category decreases to 70 percent. Manufacturers using 
allowances under this paragraph (d)(4) must comply with the 
notification and reporting requirements specified in paragraph (g) of 
this section.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) If you are using the provisions of paragraph (d)(4) of this 
section, engines must meet the applicable Tier 1 or Tier 2 emission 
standards described in Appendix I of this part.
* * * * *
    (3) In all other cases, engines at or above 56 kW and at or below 
560 kW must meet the appropriate Tier 3 standards described in Appendix 
I of this part. Engines below 56 kW and engines above 560 kW must meet 
the appropriate Tier 2 standards described in Appendix I of this part.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (vi) The number of units in each power category you have sold in 
years for which the Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards apply.
* * * * *
    (j) Provisions for engine manufacturers. As an engine manufacturer, 
you may produce exempted engines as needed under this section. You do 
not have to request this exemption for your engines, but you must have 
written assurance from equipment manufacturers that they need a certain 
number of exempted engines under this section. Send us an annual report 
of the engines you produce under this section, as described in Sec.  
1039.250(a). Exempt engines must meet the emission standards in 
paragraph (e) of this section and you must meet all the requirements of 
40 CFR 1068.265, except that engines produced under the provisions of 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section must be identical in all material 
respects to engines previously certified under this part 1039. If you 
show under 40 CFR 1068.265(c) that the engines are identical in all 
material respects to engines that you have previously certified to one 
or more FELs above the standards specified in paragraph (e) of this 
section, you must supply sufficient credits for these engines. 
Calculate these credits under subpart H of this part using the 
previously certified FELs and the alternate standards. You must meet 
the labeling requirements in Sec.  1039.135, as applicable, with the 
following exceptions:
    (1) Add the following statement instead of the compliance statement 
in Sec.  1039.135(c)(12): THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S. EPA EMISSION STANDARDS 
UNDER 40 CFR 1039.625. SELLING OR INSTALLING THIS ENGINE FOR ANY 
PURPOSE OTHER THAN FOR THE EQUIPMENT FLEXIBILITY PROVISIONS OF 40 CFR 
1039.625 MAY BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.
* * * * *
0
182. Amend Sec.  1039.626 by revising paragraph (b)(1)(iv) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1039.626  What special provisions apply to equipment imported 
under the equipment-manufacturer flexibility program?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) The number of units in each power category you have imported 
in years for which the Tier 2 and Tier 3 standards apply.
* * * * *
0
183. Amend Sec.  1039.655 by revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (b) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1039.655  What special provisions apply to engines sold in Guam, 
American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands?

    (a) * * *
    (2) The engine meets the latest applicable emission standards in 
Appendix I of this part.
* * * * *
    (b) If you introduce an engine into commerce in the United States 
under this section, you must meet the labeling requirements in Sec.  
1039.135, but add the following statement instead of the compliance 
statement in Sec.  1039.135(c)(12): THIS ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH 
U.S. EPA TIER 4 EMISSION REQUIREMENTS. IMPORTING THIS ENGINE INTO THE 
UNITED STATES OR ANY TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT GUAM, 
AMERICAN SAMOA, OR THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS MAY 
BE A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW SUBJECT TO CIVIL PENALTY.
* * * * *
0
184. Amend Sec.  1039.740 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.740  What restrictions apply for using emission credits?

* * * * *
    (b) Emission credits from earlier tiers of standards. (1) For 
purposes of ABT under this subpart, you may not use emission credits 
generated from engines subject to emission standards identified in 
Appendix I of this part, except as specified in Sec.  1039.102(d)(1) or 
the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      And it was
                                   certified to the    Then you may use
   If the maximum power of the         following         those banked
 credit-generating engine is . .       standards        credits for the
                .                    identified in     following Tier 4
                                  Appendix I of this     engines . . .
                                      part . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) kW<9........................  Tier 2............  kW<9.
(ii) 19<=kW<37..................  Tier 2............  kW>=19.
(iii) 37<=kW<=560...............  Tier 3............  kW>=19.
(iv) kW>560.....................  Tier 2............  kW>=19.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28282]]

    (2) Emission credits generated from marine engines certified to the 
standards identified in Appendix I of this part for land-based engines 
may not be used under this part.
* * * * *
0
185. Amend Sec.  1039.801 by:
0
a. Revising the definition for ``Low-hour'';
0
b. Revising paragraph (5)(ii) for the definition of ``Model year''; and
0
c. Revising the definitions for ``Small-volume engine manufacturer'', 
``Tier 1'', ``Tier 2'', and ``Tier 3''.
    The revisions read as follows.

Sec.  1039.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Low-hour means relating to an engine with stabilized emissions and 
represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally 
involve less than 125 hours of operation for engines at or below 560 kW 
and less than 300 hours of operation for engines above 560 kW.
* * * * *
    Model year means one of the following things:
* * * * *
    (5) * * *
    (ii) For imported engines described in paragraph (5)(ii) of the 
definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year means the calendar 
year in which the engine is modified.
* * * * *
    Small-volume engine manufacturer means an engine manufacturer with 
1000 or fewer employees that has had annual U.S.-directed production 
volume of no more than 2,500 units. For manufacturers owned by a parent 
company, these limits apply to the total number of employees and 
production volume from the parent company and all its subsidiaries.
* * * * *
    Tier 1 means relating to the Tier 1 emission standards identified 
in Appendix I of this part.
    Tier 2 means relating to the Tier 2 emission standards identified 
in Appendix I of this part.
    Tier 3 means relating to the Tier 3 emission standards identified 
in Appendix I of this part.
* * * * *
0
186. Add Appendix I to part 1039 to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 1039--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

    The following standards, which EPA originally adopted under 40 
CFR part 89, apply to nonroad compression-ignition engines produced 
before the model years specified in Sec.  1039.1:
    (a) Tier 1 standards apply as summarized in the following table:

                                               Table 1 to Appendix I--Tier 1 Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Starting model
                    Rated power (kW)                           year             NOX             HC           NOX+NMHC           CO              PM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kW<8....................................................            2000  ..............  ..............            10.5             8.0             1.0
8<=kW<19................................................            2000  ..............  ..............             9.5             6.6            0.80
19<=kW<37...............................................            1999  ..............  ..............             9.5             5.5            0.80
37<=kW< 75..............................................            1998             9.2  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............
75<=kW<130..............................................            1997
130<=kW<560.............................................            1996             9.2             1.3  ..............            11.4            0.54
kW>560..................................................            2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Tier 2 standards apply as summarized in the following table:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.072
    
    (c) Tier 3 standards apply as summarized in the following table:

                           Table 3 to Appendix I--Tier 3 Emission Standards (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Starting model
                Rated power (kW)                       year          NOX+NMHC           CO              PM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37<=kW<75.......................................            2008             4.7             5.0            0.40

[[Page 28283]]

 
75<=kW<130......................................            2007             4.0             5.0            0.30
130<=kW<=560....................................            2006             4.0             3.5            0.20
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Tier 1 through Tier 3 standards applied only for discrete-
mode steady-state testing. There were no not-to-exceed standards or 
transient testing.

PART 1042--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE 
COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES AND VESSELS

0
187. The authority statement for part 1042 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
188. Amend Sec.  1042.1 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (b) and (c); and
0
b. Removing and reserving paragraph (d).
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  1042.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (b) New engines with maximum engine power below 37 kW and 
originally manufactured and certified before the model years identified 
in Table 1 to this section are subject to emission standards as 
specified in Appendix I of this part. The provisions of this part 1042 
do not apply for such engines, except as follows beginning June 29, 
2010:
    (1) The allowances of this part apply.
    (2) The definitions of ``new marine engine'' and ``model year'' 
apply.
    (c) Marine engines originally meeting Tier 1 or Tier 2 standards as 
specified in Appendix I of this part remain subject to those standards. 
This includes uncertified engines that meet standards under 40 CFR 
1068.265. Those engines remain subject to recall provisions as 
specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart F, throughout the useful life 
corresponding to the original certification. Also, tampering and 
defeat-device prohibitions continue to apply for those engines as 
specified in 40 CFR 1068.101. The remanufacturing provisions in subpart 
I of this part may apply for remanufactured engines originally 
manufactured in model years before the model years identified in Table 
1 to this section.
* * * * *
0
189. Amend Sec.  1042.101 by revising paragraphs (a)(6), (c)(2), and 
(e)(2) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.101  Exhaust emission standards for Category 1 and Category 
2 engines.

    (a) * * *
    (6) Interim Tier 4 PM standards apply for 2014 and 2015 model year 
engines between 2000 and 3700 kW as specified in this paragraph (a)(6). 
These engines are considered Tier 4 engines.
    (i) For Category 1 engines, the Tier 3 PM standards from Table 1 to 
this section continue to apply. PM FELs for these engines may not be 
higher than the applicable Tier 2 PM standards specified in Appendix I 
of this part.
    (ii) For Category 2 engines with per-cylinder displacement below 
15.0 liters, the Tier 3 PM standards from Table 2 to this section 
continue to apply. PM FELs for these engines may not be higher than 
0.27 g/kW-hr.
    (iii) For Category 2 engines with per-cylinder displacement at or 
above 15.0 liters, the PM standard is 0.34 g/kW-hr for engines at or 
above 2000 kW and below 3300 kW, and 0.27 g/kW-hr for engines at or 
above 3300 kW and below 3700 kW. PM FELs for these engines may not be 
higher than 0.50 g/kW-hr.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Determine the applicable NTE zone and subzones as described in 
Sec.  1042.515. Determine NTE multipliers for specific zones and 
subzones and pollutants as follows:
    (i) For marine engines certified using the duty cycle specified in 
Sec.  1042.505(b)(1), except for variable-speed propulsion marine 
engines used with controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically 
coupled propellers, apply the following NTE multipliers:
    (A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO 
standards.
    (C) Subzone 2: 1.5 for Tier 4 NOX and HC standards and 
for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (D) Subzone 2: 1.9 for PM and CO standards.
    (ii) For recreational marine engines certified using the duty cycle 
specified in Sec.  1042.505(b)(2), except for variable-speed marine 
engines used with controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically 
coupled propellers, apply the following NTE multipliers:
    (A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 3 PM and CO standards.
    (C) Subzones 2 and 3: 1.5 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (D) Subzones 2 and 3: 1.9 for PM and CO standards.
    (iii) For variable-speed marine engines used with controllable-
pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers that are 
certified using the duty cycle specified in Sec.  1042.505(b)(1), (2), 
or (3), apply the following NTE multipliers:
    (A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO 
standards.
    (C) Subzone 2: 1.5 for Tier 4 NOX and HC standards and 
for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (D) Subzone 2: 1.9 for PM and CO standards. However, there is no 
NTE standard in Subzone 2b for PM emissions if the engine family's 
applicable standard for PM is at or above 0.07 g/kW-hr.
    (iv) For constant-speed engines certified using a duty cycle 
specified in Sec.  1042.505(b)(3) or (4), apply the following NTE 
multipliers:
    (A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO 
standards.
    (C) Subzone 2: 1.5 for Tier 4 NOX and HC standards and 
for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (D) Subzone 2: 1.9 for PM and CO standards. However, there is no 
NTE standard for PM emissions if the engine family's applicable 
standard for PM is at or above 0.07 g/kW-hr.
    (v) For variable-speed auxiliary marine engines certified using the 
duty cycle specified in Sec.  1042.505(b)(5)(ii) or (iii):
    (A) Subzone 1: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (B) Subzone 1: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO 
standards.
    (C) Subzone 2: 1.2 for Tier 3 NOX+HC standards.
    (D) Subzone 2: 1.5 for Tier 4 standards and Tier 3 PM and CO 
standards. However, there is no NTE standard for PM emissions if the 
engine family's applicable standard for PM is at or above 0.07 g/kW-hr.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) Specify a longer useful life in hours for an engine family 
under either of two conditions:

[[Page 28284]]

    (i) If you design your engine to operate longer than the minimum 
useful life. Indicators of design life include your recommended 
overhaul interval and may also include your advertising and marketing 
materials.
    (ii) If your basic mechanical warranty is longer than the minimum 
useful life.
* * * * *
0
190. Amend Sec.  1042.104 by revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (c) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1042.104  Exhaust emission standards for Category 3 engines.

    (a) * * *
    (2) NOX standards apply based on the engine's model year 
and maximum in-use engine speed as shown in the following table:

               Table 1 to Sec.   1042.104--NOX Emission Standards for Category 3 Engines (g/kW-hr)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            Maximum in-use engine speed
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
          Emission standards                   Model year          Less than 130   130-2000 RPM
                                                                        RPM             \a\        Over 2000 RPM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1................................  2004-2010...............            17.0  45.0[middot]n(-            9.8
                                                                                           0.20)
Tier 2................................  2011-2015...............            14.4  44.0[middot]n(-            7.7
                                                                                           0.23)
Tier 3 \b\............................  2016 and later..........             3.4  9.0[middot]n(-             2.0
                                                                                           0.20)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Applicable standards are calculated from n (maximum in-use engine speed, in RPM, as specified in Sec.
  1042.140). Round the standards to one decimal place.
\b\ For engines designed with on-off controls as specified in Sec.   1042.115(g), the Tier 2 standards continue
  to apply any time the engine has disabled its Tier 3 NOX emission controls.

* * * * *
    (c) Mode caps. Measured NOX emissions from Tier 3 
engines may not exceed the cap specified in this paragraph (c) for any 
applicable duty-cycle test modes with power greater than 10 percent 
maximum engine power. Calculate the mode cap by multiplying the 
applicable Tier 3 NOX standard by 1.5 and rounding to the 
nearest 0.1 g/kW-hr. Note that mode caps do not apply for pollutants 
other than NOX and do not apply for any modes of operation 
outside of the applicable duty cycles in Sec.  1042.505. Category 3 
engines are not subject to not-to-exceed standards.
* * * * *
0
191. Amend Sec.  1042.115 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.115  Other requirements.

* * * * *
    (g) On-off controls for engines on Category 3 vessels. 
Manufacturers may equip Category 3 propulsion engines with features 
that disable Tier 3 NOX emission controls subject to the 
provisions of this paragraph (g). For auxiliary engines allowed to use 
on-off controls as specified in Sec.  1042.650(d), read ``Tier 2'' to 
mean ``IMO Tier II'' and read ``Tier 3'' to mean ``IMO Tier III''.
    (1) Features that disable Tier 3 NOX emission controls 
are considered to be AECDs whether or not they meet the definition of 
an AECD. For example, manually operated on-off features are AECDs under 
this paragraph (g). The features must be identified in your application 
for certification as AECDs. For purposes of this paragraph (g), the 
term ``features that disable Tier 3 emission controls'' includes (but 
is not limited to) any combination of the following that cause the 
engine's emissions to exceed any Tier 3 emission standard:
    (i) Bypassing of exhaust aftertreatment.
    (ii) Reducing or eliminating flow of reductant to an SCR system.
    (iii) Modulating engine calibration in a manner that increases 
engine-out emissions of a regulated pollutant.
    (2) You must demonstrate that the AECD will not disable 
NOX emission controls while operating shoreward of the 
boundaries of the North American ECA and the U.S. Caribbean Sea ECA. 
You must demonstrate that the AECD will not disable emission control 
while operating in these waters. (Note: See the regulations in 40 CFR 
part 1043 for requirements related to operation in ECAs, including 
foreign ECAs.) Compliance with this paragraph will generally require 
that the AECD operation be based on Global Positioning System (GPS) 
inputs. We may consider any relevant information to determine whether 
your AECD conforms to this paragraph (g).
    (3) The onboard computer log must record in nonvolatile computer 
memory all incidents of engine operation with the Tier 3 NOX 
emission controls disabled.
    (4) The engine must comply with the Tier 2 NOX standard 
when the Tier 3 NOX emission controls are disabled.
0
192. Amend Sec.  1042.125 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.125  Maintenance instructions.

* * * * *
    (e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance 
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of 
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or 
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data 
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary. 
This might include adding engine oil, changing air, fuel, or oil 
filters, servicing engine-cooling systems or fuel-water separator 
cartridges or elements, and adjusting idle speed, governor, engine bolt 
torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may not perform this 
nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines more often 
than the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the ultimate 
purchaser.
* * * * *
0
193. Amend Sec.  1042.135 by revising paragraph (c)(13) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1042.135  Labeling.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (13) For engines above 130 kW that are intended for installation on 
domestic or public vessels, include the following statement: ``THIS 
ENGINE DOES NOT COMPLY WITH INTERNATIONAL MARINE REGULATIONS UNLESS IT 
IS ALSO COVERED BY AN EIAPP CERTIFICATE.''
* * * * *
0
194. Amend Sec.  1042.145 by:
0
a. Removing and reserving paragraphs (b), (c), (e), (h), and (i); and
0
b. Revising paragraph (j).
    The revision reads as follows:

Sec.  1042.145  Interim provisions.

* * * * *
    (j) Installing land-based engines in marine vessels. Vessel 
manufacturers and marine equipment manufacturers may apply the 
provisions of Sec. Sec.  1042.605 and 1042.610 to land-based engines 
with maximum engine power at or above 37 kW and at or below 560 kW if 
they meet the Tier 3 emission

[[Page 28285]]

standards in Appendix I of 40 CFR part 1039 as specified in 40 CFR 
1068.265. All the provisions of Sec.  1042.605 or Sec.  1042.610 apply 
as if those engines were certified to emission standards under 40 CFR 
part 1039. Similarly, engine manufacturers, vessel manufacturers, and 
marine equipment manufacturers must comply with all the provisions of 
40 CFR part 1039 as if those engines were installed in land-based 
equipment. The following provisions apply for engine manufacturers 
shipping engines to vessel manufacturers or marine equipment 
manufacturers under this paragraph (j):
    (1) You must label the engine as described in 40 CFR 1039.135, but 
identify the engine family name as it was last certified under 40 CFR 
part 1039 and include the following alternate compliance statement: 
``THIS ENGINE MEETS THE TIER 3 STANDARDS FOR LAND-BASED NONROAD DIESEL 
ENGINES UNDER 40 CFR PART 1039. THIS ENGINE MAY BE USED ONLY IN A 
MARINE VESSEL UNDER THE DRESSING PROVISIONS OF 40 CFR 1042.605 OR 40 
CFR 1042.610.''
    (2) You must use the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.262 for shipping 
uncertified engines under this section to secondary engine 
manufacturers.
0
195. Amend Sec.  1042.225 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.225  Amending applications for certification.

* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For engine families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing the new or modified engine 
configuration anytime after you send us your amended application and 
before we make a decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, 
if we determine that the affected engines do not meet applicable 
requirements, we will notify you to cease production of the engines and 
may require you to recall the engines at no expense to the owner. 
Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be 
consent to recall all engines that we determine do not meet applicable 
emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide 
information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 days 
after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified 
engines.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
* * * * *
0
196. Amend Sec.  1042.235 by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1042.235  Emission testing related to certification.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the 
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application 
for certification. For engines originally tested to demonstrate 
compliance with Tier 1 or Tier 2 standards, you may consider those test 
procedures to be equivalent to the procedures we specify in subpart F 
of this part.
* * * * *
0
197. Revise Sec.  1042.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.255  EPA decisions.

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean Air 
Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family 
for that model year. We may make the approval subject to additional 
conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Clean Air Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Clean Air Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete 
after submission.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1042.920).
0
198. Amend Sec.  1042.302 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.302  Applicability of this subpart for Category 3 engines.

* * * * *
    (a) You must test each Category 3 engine at the sea trial of the 
vessel in which it is installed or within the first 300 hours of 
operation, whichever occurs first. This may involve testing a fully 
assembled production engine before it is installed in the vessel. For 
engines with on-off controls, you may omit testing to demonstrate 
compliance with Tier 2 standards if the engine does not rely on 
aftertreatment when Tier 3 emission controls are disabled. Since you 
must test each engine, the provisions of Sec. Sec.  1042.310 and 
1042.315(b) do not apply for Category 3 engines. If we determine that 
an engine failure under this subpart is caused by defective components 
or design deficiencies, we may revoke or suspend your certificate for 
the engine family as described in Sec.  1042.340. If we determine that 
an engine failure under this subpart is caused only by incorrect 
assembly, we may suspend your certificate for the engine family as 
described in Sec.  1042.325. If the engine fails, you may continue 
operating only to complete the sea trial and return to port. It is a 
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1) to operate the vessel further until 
you remedy the cause of failure. Each two-hour period of such operation 
constitutes a separate offense. A violation lasting less than two hours 
constitutes a single offense.
* * * * *

[[Page 28286]]

0
199. Amend Sec.  1042.605 by revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c), 
(d)(1)(ii), (d)(2), (d)(3)(ii), (f), and (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.605  Dressing engines already certified to other standards 
for nonroad or heavy-duty highway engines for marine use.

    (a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer 
(including someone who marinizes a land-based engine), this section 
allows you to introduce new marine engines into U.S. commerce if they 
are already certified to the requirements that apply to compression-
ignition engines under 40 CFR parts 85 and 86 or 40 CFR part 1033 or 
1039 for the appropriate model year. If you comply with all the 
provisions of this section, we consider the certificate issued under 40 
CFR part 86, 1033, or 1039 for each engine to also be a valid 
certificate of conformity under this part 1042 for its model year, 
without a separate application for certification under the requirements 
of this part 1042. This section does not apply for Category 3 engines.
    (b) Vessel-manufacturer provisions. If you are not an engine 
manufacturer, you may install an engine certified for the appropriate 
model year under 40 CFR part 86, 1033, or 1039 in a marine vessel as 
long as you do not make any of the changes described in paragraph 
(d)(3) of this section and you meet the requirements of paragraph (e) 
of this section. If you modify the non-marine engine in any of the ways 
described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, we will consider you a 
manufacturer of a new marine engine. Such engine modifications prevent 
you from using the provisions of this section.
    (c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this 
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this 
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted 
under this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 
CFR parts 85 and 86 or 40 CFR part 1033 or 1039. This paragraph (c) 
applies to engine manufacturers, vessel manufacturers that use such an 
engine, and all other persons as if the engine were used in its 
originally intended application. The prohibited acts of 40 CFR 
1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new engines and vessels; however, we 
consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 86, 1033, or 1039 for 
each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under this 
part 1042 for its model year. If we make a determination that these 
engines do not conform to the regulations during their useful life, we 
may require you to recall them under 40 CFR part 85 or 1068.
    (d) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Land-based compression-ignition nonroad engines (40 CFR part 
1039).
* * * * *
    (2) The engine must have the label required under 40 CFR part 86, 
1033, or 1039.
    (3) * * *
    (ii) Replacing an original turbocharger, except that small-volume 
engine manufacturers may replace an original turbocharger on a 
recreational engine with one that matches the performance of the 
original turbocharger.
* * * * *
    (f) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria 
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the 
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1042 and the 
certificate issued under 40 CFR part(s) 86, 1033, or 1039 will not be 
deemed to also be a certificate issued under this part 1042. 
Introducing these engines into U.S. commerce as marine engines without 
a valid exemption or certificate of conformity under this part violates 
the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
* * * * *
    (h) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines 
adapted for marine use under this section may not generate or use 
emission credits under this part 1042. These engines may generate 
credits under the ABT provisions in 40 CFR part(s) 86, 1033, or 1039, 
as applicable. These engines must use emission credits under 40 CFR 
part(s) 86, 1033, or 1039 as applicable if they are certified to an FEL 
that exceeds an emission standard.
* * * * *
0
200. Amend Sec.  1042.610 by revising paragraphs (a), (c), (d)(1), (f), 
and (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.610  Certifying auxiliary marine engines to land-based 
standards.

* * * * *
    (a) General provisions. If you are an engine manufacturer, this 
section allows you to introduce new marine engines into U.S. commerce 
if they are already certified to the requirements that apply to 
compression-ignition engines under 40 CFR part 1039 for the appropriate 
model year. If you comply with all the provisions of this section, we 
consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 1039 for each engine 
to also be a valid certificate of conformity under this part 1042 for 
its model year, without a separate application for certification under 
the requirements of this part 1042.
* * * * *
    (c) Liability. Engines for which you meet the requirements of this 
section are exempt from all the requirements and prohibitions of this 
part, except for those specified in this section. Engines exempted 
under this section must meet all the applicable requirements from 40 
CFR part 1039. This paragraph (c) applies to engine manufacturers, 
vessel manufacturers that use such an engine, and all other persons as 
if the engine were used in its originally intended application. The 
prohibited acts of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) apply to these new engines and 
vessels; however, we consider the certificate issued under 40 CFR part 
1039 for each engine to also be a valid certificate of conformity under 
this part 1042 for its model year. If we make a determination that 
these engines do not conform to the regulations during their useful 
life, we may require you to recall them under 40 CFR part 1068.
    (d) * * *
    (1) The marine engine must be identical in all material respects to 
a land-based engine covered by a valid certificate of conformity for 
the appropriate model year showing that it meets emission standards for 
engines of that power rating under 40 CFR part 1039.
* * * * *
    (f) Failure to comply. If your engines do not meet the criteria 
listed in paragraph (d) of this section, they will be subject to the 
standards, requirements, and prohibitions of this part 1042 and the 
certificate issued under 40 CFR part 1039 will not be deemed to also be 
a certificate issued under this part 1042. Introducing these engines 
into U.S. commerce as marine engines without a valid exemption or 
certificate of conformity under this part 1042 violates the 
prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
    (g) Participation in averaging, banking and trading. Engines using 
this exemption may not generate or use emission credits under this part 
1042. These engines may generate credits under the ABT provisions in 40 
CFR part 1039, as applicable. These engines must use emission credits 
under 40 CFR part 1039 as applicable if they are certified to an FEL 
that exceeds an emission standard.
* * * * *
0
201. Amend Sec.  1042.615 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text, 
paragraphs (a)(1), and (3) and adding paragraphs (f) and (g) to read as 
follows:

[[Page 28287]]

Sec.  1042.615  Replacement engine exemption.

* * * * *
    (a) This paragraph (a) applies instead of the provisions of 40 CFR 
1068.240(b)(2) for installing new marine engines in vessels that are 
not ``new vessels''. The prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) do not 
apply to a new replacement engine if all the following conditions are 
met:
    (1) You use good engineering judgment to determine that no engine 
certified to the current requirements of this part is produced by any 
manufacturer with the appropriate physical or performance 
characteristics to repower the vessel. We have determined that Tier 4 
engines with aftertreatment technology do not have the appropriate 
physical or performance characteristics to replace uncertified engines 
or engines certified to emission standards that are less stringent than 
the Tier 4 standards.
* * * * *
    (3) Send us a report by September 30 of each year describing your 
engine shipments under this section from the preceding calendar year. 
Your report must include all the following things and be signed by an 
authorized representative of your company:
    (i) Identify the number of Category 1 and Category 2 exempt 
replacement engines that meet Tier 1, Tier 2, or Tier 3 standards, or 
that meet no EPA standards. Count engines separately for each tier of 
standards.
    (ii) Identify the number of engines that have been shipped 
(directly or indirectly) to a vessel owner. This includes engines 
shipped to anyone intending to install engines on behalf of a specific 
engine owner. Also include commercial Tier 3 engines with maximum 
engine power at or above 600 kW even if they have not been shipped to 
or designated for a specific vessel owner in the specified time frame.
    (iii) Describe how you made the determinations described in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section for each Category 1 and Category 2 
exempt replacement engine for each vessel during the preceding year. 
For Tier 3 replacement engines at or above 600 kW, describe why any 
engines certified to Tier 4 standards without aftertreatment are not 
suitable.
    (iv) Identify the number of Category 3 exempt replacement engines. 
We may require you to describe how you made the determinations 
described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for each engine.
    (v) Include the following statement:
    I certify that the statements and information in the enclosed 
document are true, accurate, and complete to the best of my knowledge. 
I am aware that there are significant civil and criminal penalties for 
submitting false statements and information, or omitting required 
statements and information.
* * * * *
    (f) The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.240(c) allow you to ship a 
limited number of exempt replacement engines to vessel owners or 
distributors without making the determinations described in paragraph 
(a) of this section. Note that such engines do not count toward the 
production limits of 40 CFR 1068.240(c) if you meet all the 
requirements of 40 CFR 1068.240(b) and this section by the due date for 
the annual report. You may count Tier 3 commercial marine replacement 
engines at or above 600 kW as tracked engines under 40 CFR 1068.240(b) 
even if they have not been shipped to or designated for a specific 
vessel owner in the specified time frame.
    (g) In unusual circumstances, you may ask us to allow you to apply 
the replacement engine exemption of this section for repowering a 
vessel that becomes a ``new vessel'' under Sec.  1042.901 as a result 
of modifications, as follows:
    (1) You must demonstrate that no manufacturer produces an engine 
certified to Tier 4 standards with the appropriate physical or 
performance characteristics to repower the vessel. We will consider 
concerns about the size of the replacement engine and its compatibility 
with vessel components relative to the overall scope of the project.
    (2) Exempt replacement engines under this paragraph (g) must meet 
the Tier 3 standards specified in Sec.  1042.101 (or the Tier 2 
standards if there are no Tier 3 standards).
    (3) We will not approve a request for an exemption from the Tier 3 
standards for any engines.
    (4) You may not use the exemption provisions for untracked 
replacement engines under 40 CFR 1068.240(c) for repowering a vessel 
that becomes a ``new vessel'' under Sec.  1042.901 as a result of 
modifications.
0
202. Amend Sec.  1042.650 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraph (b)(4) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.650  Migratory vessels.

    The provisions of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section apply 
for Category 1 and Category 2 engines, including auxiliary engines 
installed on vessels with Category 3 propulsion engines; these 
provisions do not apply for any Category 3 engines. All engines 
exempted under this section must comply with the applicable 
requirements of 40 CFR part 1043.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) Operating a vessel containing an engine exempted under this 
paragraph (b) violates the prohibitions in 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) if the 
vessel is not in full compliance with applicable requirements for 
international safety specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
* * * * *
0
203. Amend Sec.  1042.655 by revising the paragraph (b) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1042.655  Special certification provisions for Category 3 engines 
with aftertreatment.

* * * * *
    (b) Required testing. The emission-data engine must be tested as 
specified in subpart F of this part. Testing engine-out emissions to 
simulate operation with disabled Tier 3 emission controls must simulate 
backpressure and other parameters as needed to represent in-use 
operation with an SCR catalyst. The catalyst material or other 
aftertreatment device must be tested under conditions that accurately 
represent actual engine conditions for the test points. This catalyst 
or aftertreatment testing may be performed on a bench scale.
* * * * *

Sec.  1042.701  [Amended]

0
204. Amend Sec.  1042.701 by removing and reserving paragraph (j).
0
205. Amend Sec.  1042.801 by revising paragraph (f)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1042.801  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) Only fuel additives registered under 40 CFR part 79 may be used 
under this paragraph (f).
* * * * *
0
206. Amend Sec.  1042.836 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.836  Marine certification of locomotive remanufacturing 
systems.

    If you certify a Tier 0, Tier 1, or Tier 2 remanufacturing system 
for locomotives under 40 CFR part 1033, you may also certify the system 
under this part 1042, according to the provisions of this section.
* * * * *
    (c) Systems that were certified to the standards of 40 CFR part 92 
are subject to the following restrictions:
    (1) Tier 0 locomotive systems may not be used for any Category 1 
engines or Tier 1 or later Category 2 engines.
    (2) Where systems certified to the standards of 40 CFR part 1033 
are also

[[Page 28288]]

available for an engine, you may not use a system certified to the 
standards of 40 CFR part 92.
0
207. Amend Sec.  1042.901 by revising paragraph (3) of the definition 
for ``Model year'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.901  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Model year means * * *
* * * * *
    (3) For an uncertified marine engine excluded under Sec.  1042.5 
that is later subject to this part 1042 as a result of being installed 
in a different vessel, model year means the calendar year in which the 
engine was installed in the non-excluded vessel. For a marine engine 
excluded under Sec.  1042.5 that is later subject to this part 1042 as 
a result of reflagging the vessel, model year means the calendar year 
in which the engine was originally manufactured. For a marine engine 
that becomes new under paragraph (7) of the definition of ``new marine 
engine,'' model year means the calendar year in which the engine was 
originally manufactured. (See definition of ``new marine engine,'' 
paragraphs (3) and (7).)
* * * * *
0
208. Revise Sec.  1042.910 to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.910  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part 
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that 
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must 
publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be 
available to the public. All approved material is available for 
inspection at EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 
Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20004, www.epa.gov/dockets, 
(202) 202-1744, and is available from the sources listed below. It is 
also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records 
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this 
material at NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov or go to: 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
    (b) The International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, 
London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, or www.imo.org, or 44-(0)20-7735-7611.
    (1) MARPOL Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of Air 
Pollution from Ships, Fourth Edition, 2017, and NOX 
Technical Code 2008.
    (i) Revised MARPOL Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of 
Pollution from Ships, Fourth Edition, 2017 (``2008 Annex VI''); IBR 
approved for Sec.  1042.901.
    (ii) NOX Technical Code 2008, Technical Code on Control 
of Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines, 2017 
Edition, (``NOX Technical Code''); IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  1042.104(g), 1042.230(d), 1042.302(c) and (e), 1042.501(g), 
and 1042.901.
    (2) [Reserved]
0
209. Amend Appendix I to part 1042 by revising paragraph (a) 
introductory text, paragraph (b) introductory text, and paragraph 
(b)(3) to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 1042--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

* * * * *
    (a) Engines below 37 kW. Tier 1 and Tier 2 standards for engines 
below 37 kW originally adopted under 40 CFR part 89 apply as 
follows:
* * * * *
    (b) Engines at or above 37 kW. Tier 1 and Tier 2 standards for 
engines at or above 37 kW originally adopted under 40 CFR part 94 
apply as follows:
* * * * *
    (3) Tier 2 supplemental standards. Not-to-exceed emission 
standards apply for all engines subject to the Tier 2 standards 
described in paragraph (b)(2) of this appendix.

PART 1043--CONTROL OF NOX, SOX, AND PM EMISSIONS FROM MARINE 
ENGINES AND VESSELS SUBJECT TO THE MARPOL PROTOCOL

0
210. The authority statement for part 1043 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 1901-1912.

0
211. Amend Sec.  1043.41 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1043.41  EIAPP certification process.

* * * * *
    (a) You must send the Designated Certification Officer a separate 
application for an EIAPP certificate for each engine family. An EIAPP 
certificate is valid starting with the indicated effective date and is 
valid for any production until such time as the design of the engine 
family changes or more stringent emission standards become applicable, 
whichever comes first. Note that an EIAPP certificate demonstrating 
compliance with Tier I or Tier II standards (but not the Tier III 
standard) is only a limited authorization to install engines on 
vessels. For example, you may produce such Tier I or Tier II engines, 
but those engines may not be installed in vessels that are subject to 
Tier III standards. You may obtain preliminary approval of portions of 
the application under 40 CFR 1042.210.
* * * * *
0
212. Revise Sec.  1043.100 to read as follows:

Sec.  1043.100  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part 
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that 
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must 
publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be 
available to the public. All approved material is available for 
inspection at EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 
Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, www.epa.gov/dockets, 
(202) 202-1744, and is available from the sources listed below. It is 
also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records 
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this 
material at NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov, or go to: 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
    (b) The International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment, 
London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom, or www.imo.org, or 44-(0)20-7735-7611.
    (1) MARPOL Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of Air 
Pollution from Ships, Fourth Edition, 2017, and NOX 
Technical Code 2008.
    (i) Revised MARPOL Annex VI, Regulations for the Prevention of 
Pollution from Ships, Fourth Edition, 2017 (``2008 Annex VI''); IBR 
approved for Sec. Sec.  1043.1 introductory text, 1043.20, 1043.30(f), 
1043.60(c), and 1043.70(a).
    (ii) NOX Technical Code 2008, Technical Code on Control 
of Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines, 2017 
Edition, (``NOX Technical Code''); IBR approved for 
Sec. Sec.  1043.20, 1043.41(b) and (h), and 1043.70(a).
    (2) [Reserved]

PART 1045--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM SPARK-IGNITION PROPULSION 
MARINE ENGINES AND VESSELS

0
213. The authority statement for part 1045 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
214. Amend Sec.  1045.1 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1045.1  Does this part apply for my products?

* * * * *
    (c) Outboard and personal watercraft engines originally meeting the 
standards specified in Appendix I remain subject to those standards. 
Those engines remain subject to recall provisions as specified in 40 
CFR part 1068, subpart F, throughout the useful life

[[Page 28289]]

corresponding to the original certification. Also, tampering and 
defeat-device prohibitions continue to apply for those engines as 
specified in 40 CFR 1068.101.
* * * * *
0
215. Amend Sec.  1045.145 by removing and reserving paragraphs (a) 
through (g), (i) through (k), and (m) and revising paragraph (n) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1045.145  Are there interim provisions that apply only for a 
limited time?

* * * * *
    (n) Continued use of 40 CFR part 91 test data. You may continue to 
use test data based on the test procedures that applied for engines 
built before the requirements of this part 1045 started to apply if we 
allow you to use carryover emission data under 40 CFR 1045.235(d) for 
your engine family. You may also use those test procedures for 
production-line testing with any engine family whose certification is 
based on testing with those procedures. For any EPA testing, we will 
rely on the procedures described in subpart F of this part, even if you 
used carryover data based on older test procedures as allowed under 
this paragraph (n).
* * * * *
0
216. Amend Sec.  1045.235 by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1045.235  What testing requirements apply for certification?

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the 
requirements that apply to the engine family covered by the application 
for certification.
* * * * *
0
217. Revise Sec.  1045.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1045.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean Air 
Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family 
for that model year. We may make the approval subject to additional 
conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Clean Air Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Clean Air Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete 
after submission.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1045.820).
0
218. Amend Sec.  1045.310 by revising paragraph (a)(1) introductory 
text and paragraph (a)(1)(iv) to read as follows:

Sec.  1045.310  How must I select engines for production-line testing?

    (a) * * *
    (1) For engine families with projected U.S.-directed production 
volume of at least 1,600, the test periods are consecutive quarters (3 
months). However, if your annual production period is not 12 months 
long, you may take the following alternative approach to define 
quarterly test periods:
* * * * *
    (iv) If your annual production period is 301 days or longer, divide 
the annual production period evenly into four test periods. For 
example, if your annual production period is 392 days (56 weeks), 
divide the annual production period into four test periods of 98 days 
(14 weeks).
* * * * *
0
219. Amend Sec.  1045.501 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1045.501  How do I run a valid emission test?

* * * * *
    (c) Fuels. Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 
1065, subpart H, for all the testing we require in this part, except as 
specified in Sec.  1045.515.
    (1) Use gasoline meeting the specifications described in 40 CFR 
1065.710(c) for general testing. For service accumulation, use the test 
fuel or any commercially available fuel that is representative of the 
fuel that in-use engines will use.
    (2) You may alternatively use ethanol-blended gasoline meeting the 
specifications described in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) for general testing 
without our advance approval. If you use the ethanol-blended fuel for 
certifying a given engine family, you may also use it for production-
line testing or any other testing you perform for that engine family 
under this part. If you use the ethanol-blended fuel for certifying a 
given engine family, we may use the ethanol-blended fuel or the 
specified neat gasoline test fuel with that engine family.
* * * * *
0
220. Revise Appendix 1 to part 1045 to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 1045--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

    (a) The following standards, which EPA originally adopted under 
40 CFR part 91, apply to outboard and personal watercraft engines 
produced from model year 2006 through 2009:
    (1) For engines at or below 4.3 kW, the HC + NOX 
standard is 81.00 g/kW-hr.
    (2) For engines above 4.3 kW, the following HC + NOX 
standard applies:

HC + NOX standard = (151 + 557/P\0.9\) [middot] 0.250 + 
6.00

Where:

STD = The HC + NOX emission standard, in g/kW-hr.
P = The average power of an engine family, in kW.

    (b) Table 1 of this appendix describes the phase-in standards 
for outboard and personal watercraft engines for model years 1998 
through 2005. For engines with maximum engine power above 4.3 kW, 
the standard is expressed by the following formula, in g/kW-hr, with 
constants for each year identified in Table 1 of this appendix:

[[Page 28290]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.073

         Table 1 of Appendix I--HC + NOX Phase-In Standards for Outboard and Personal Watercraft Engines
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Maximum engine power >4.3 kW
                           Model year                             Maximum engine -------------------------------
                                                                   power <4.3 kW         A               B
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998............................................................          278.00           0.917            2.44
1999............................................................          253.00           0.833            2.89
2000............................................................          228.00           0.750            3.33
2001............................................................          204.00           0.667            3.78
2002............................................................          179.00           0.583            4.22
2003............................................................          155.00           0.500            4.67
2004............................................................          130.00           0.417            5.11
2005............................................................          105.00           0.333            5.56
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART 1048--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-
IGNITION ENGINES

0
221. The authority statement for part 1048 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
222. Revise Sec.  1048.145 to read as follows:

Sec.  1048.145  Are there interim provisions that apply only for a 
limited time?

    The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in 
this part. This section describes when these interim provisions expire.
    (a)-(f) [Reserved]
    (g) Small-volume provisions. If you qualify for the hardship 
provisions in Sec.  1068.250 of this chapter, we may approve extensions 
of up to four years total.
0
223. Revise Sec.  1048.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1048.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we 
will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family for that 
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete 
after submission.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1048.820).
0
224. Amend Sec.  1048.501 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1048.501  How do I run a valid emission test?

* * * * *
    (c) Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 1065, 
subpart H, to perform valid tests for all the testing we require in 
this part, except as noted in Sec.  1048.515.
    (1) Use gasoline meeting the specifications described in 40 CFR 
1065.710(c) for general testing. For service accumulation, use the test 
fuel or any commercially available fuel that is representative of the 
fuel that in-use engines will use.
    (2) You may alternatively use ethanol-blended gasoline meeting the 
specifications described in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) for general testing 
without our advance approval. If you use the ethanol-blended fuel for 
certifying a given engine family, you may also use it for production-
line testing or any other testing you perform for that engine family 
under this part. If you use the ethanol-blended fuel for certifying a 
given engine family, we may use the ethanol-blended fuel or the 
specified neat gasoline test fuel with that engine family.
* * * * *

PART 1051--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND 
VEHICLES

0
225. The authority statement for part 1051 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.
0
226. Revise Sec.  1051.145 to read as follows:

Sec.  1051.145  What provisions apply only for a limited time?

    (a) Apply the provisions in this section instead of others in this 
part for the periods and circumstances specified in this section.
    (b) [Reserved]
0
227. Revise Sec.  1051.255 to read as follows:

[[Page 28291]]

Sec.  1051.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
engine family meets all the requirements of this part and the Act, we 
will issue a certificate of conformity for the engine family for that 
model year. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an engine family fails to comply with emission standards or other 
requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines for importation into the United States at a 
location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized 
activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Act or this part, with respect to an engine family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Clean Air Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an engine family if 
we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete 
after submission.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  1051.820).
0
228. Amend Sec.  1051.310 by revising paragraph (a)(1) introductory 
text and paragraph (a)(1)(iv) to read as follows:

Sec.  1051.310  How must I select vehicles or engines for production-
line testing?

    (a) * * *
    (1) For engine families with projected U.S.-directed production 
volume of at least 1,600, the test periods are consecutive quarters (3 
months). However, if your annual production period is not 12 months 
long, you may take the following alternative approach to define 
quarterly test periods:
* * * * *
    (iv) If your annual production period is 301 days or longer, divide 
the annual production period evenly into four test periods. For 
example, if your annual production period is 392 days (56 weeks), 
divide the annual production period into four test periods of 98 days 
(14 weeks).
* * * * *
0
229. Amend Sec.  1051.501 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1051.501  What procedures must I use to test my vehicles or 
engines?

* * * * *
    (d) Fuels. Use the fuels meeting the following specifications:
    (1) Exhaust. Use the fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR part 
1065, subpart H, for all the exhaust testing we require in this part. 
For service accumulation, use the test fuel or any commercially 
available fuel that is representative of the fuel that in-use engines 
will use. The following provisions apply for using specific fuel types:
    (i) For gasoline-fueled engines, use the grade of gasoline 
specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) for general testing. You may 
alternatively use ethanol-blended gasoline meeting the specifications 
described in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) for general testing without our advance 
approval. If you use the ethanol-blended fuel for certifying a given 
engine family, you may also use it for production-line testing or any 
other testing you perform for that engine family under this part. If 
you use the ethanol-blended fuel for certifying a given engine family, 
we may use the ethanol-blended fuel or the specified neat gasoline test 
fuel with that engine family.
    (ii) For diesel-fueled engines, use either low-sulfur diesel fuel 
or ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel meeting the specifications in 40 CFR 
1065.703. If you use sulfur-sensitive technology as defined in 40 CFR 
1039.801 and you measure emissions using ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel, 
you must add a permanent label near the fuel inlet with the following 
statement: ``ULTRA LOW SULFUR FUEL ONLY''.
    (2) Fuel Tank Permeation. (i) For the preconditioning soak 
described in Sec.  1051.515(a)(1) and fuel slosh durability test 
described in Sec.  1051.515(d)(3), use the fuel specified in 40 CFR 
1065.710(b), or the fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) blended with 
10 percent ethanol by volume. As an alternative, you may use Fuel CE10, 
which is Fuel C as specified in ASTM D 471-98 (see 40 CFR 1060.810) 
blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume.
    (ii) For the permeation measurement test in Sec.  1051.515(b), use 
the fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c). As an alternative, you may 
use any of the fuels specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section.
    (3) Fuel Hose Permeation. Use the fuel specified in 40 CFR 
1065.710(b), or the fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) blended with 
10 percent ethanol by volume for permeation testing of fuel lines. As 
an alternative, you may use Fuel CE10, which is Fuel C as specified in 
ASTM D 471-98 (see 40 CFR 1060.810) blended with 10 percent ethanol by 
volume.
* * * * *

PART 1054--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, SMALL NONROAD SPARK-
IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT

0
230. The authority statement for part 1054 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
231. Amend Sec.  1054.1 by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and (5), (c), and 
(d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.1  Does this part apply for my engines and equipment?

    (a) * * *
    (1) The requirements of this part related to exhaust emissions 
apply to new, nonroad spark-ignition engines with maximum engine power 
at or below 19 kW. This includes auxiliary marine spark-ignition 
engines.
* * * * *
    (5) We specify provisions in Sec.  1054.145(f) and in Sec.  
1054.740 that allow for meeting the requirements of this part before 
the dates shown in Table 1 to this section. Engines, fuel-system 
components, or equipment certified to these standards are subject to 
all the requirements of this part as if these optional standards were 
mandatory.
* * * * *
    (c) Engines originally meeting Phase 1 or Phase 2 standards as 
specified in Appendix I remain subject to those standards. Those 
engines remain subject to recall provisions as specified in 40 CFR part 
1068, subpart F, throughout

[[Page 28292]]

the useful life corresponding to the original certification. Also, 
tampering and defeat-device prohibitions continue to apply for those 
engines as specified in 40 CFR 1068.101.
    (d) The regulations in this part 1054 optionally apply to engines 
with maximum engine power at or below 30 kW and with displacement at or 
below 1,000 cubic centimeters that would otherwise be covered by 40 CFR 
part 1048. See 40 CFR 1048.615 for provisions related to this 
allowance.
* * * * *
0
232. Revise Sec.  1054.2 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.2  Who is responsible for compliance?

    (a) The requirements and prohibitions of this part apply to 
manufacturers of engines and equipment, as described in Sec.  1054.1. 
The requirements of this part are generally addressed to manufacturers 
subject to this part's requirements. The term ``you'' generally means 
the certifying manufacturer. For provisions related to exhaust 
emissions, this generally means the engine manufacturer, especially for 
issues related to certification (including production-line testing, 
reporting, etc.). For provisions related to certification with respect 
to evaporative emissions, this generally means the equipment 
manufacturer. Note that for engines that become new after being placed 
into service (such as engines converted from highway or stationary 
use), the requirements that normally apply for manufacturers of freshly 
manufactured engines apply to the importer or any other entity we allow 
to obtain a certificate of conformity.
    (b) Equipment manufacturers must meet applicable requirements as 
described in Sec.  1054.20. Engine manufacturers that assemble an 
engine's complete fuel system are considered to be the equipment 
manufacturer with respect to evaporative emissions (see 40 CFR 1060.5). 
Note that certification requirements for component manufacturers are 
described in 40 CFR part 1060.
0
233. Revise Sec.  1054.30 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.30  Submission of information.

    Unless we specify otherwise, send all reports and requests for 
approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1054.801). See 
Sec.  1054.825 for additional reporting and recordkeeping provisions.
0
234. Amend Sec.  1054.103 by revising paragraph (c) introductory text 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.103  What exhaust emission standards must my handheld 
engines meet?

* * * * *
    (c) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section 
apply for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the 
emission family are designed to operate. You must meet the numerical 
emission standards for hydrocarbon in this section based on the 
following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the 
following fuels:
* * * * *
0
235. Amend Sec.  1054.105 by revising paragraph (c) introductory text 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.105  What exhaust emission standards must my nonhandheld 
engines meet?

* * * * *
    (c) Fuel types. The exhaust emission standards in this section 
apply for engines using the fuel type on which the engines in the 
emission family are designed to operate. You must meet the numerical 
emission standards for hydrocarbon in this section based on the 
following types of hydrocarbon emissions for engines powered by the 
following fuels:
* * * * *
0
236. Amend Sec.  1054.110 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.110  What evaporative emission standards must my handheld 
equipment meet?

* * * * *
    (b) Tank permeation. Fuel tanks must meet the permeation 
requirements specified in 40 CFR 1060.103. These requirements apply for 
handheld equipment starting in the 2010 model year, except that they 
apply starting in the 2011 model year for structurally integrated nylon 
fuel tanks, in the 2012 model year for handheld equipment using 
nonhandheld engines, and in the 2013 model year for all small-volume 
emission families. For nonhandheld equipment using engines at or below 
80 cc, the requirements of this paragraph (b) apply starting in the 
2012 model year. You may generate or use emission credits to show 
compliance with the requirements of this paragraph (b) under the 
averaging, banking, and trading program as described in subpart H of 
this part. FEL caps apply as specified in Sec.  1054.112(b)(1) through 
(3) starting in the 2015 model year.
* * * * *
0
237. Amend Sec.  1054.120 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.120  What emission-related warranty requirements apply to 
me?

* * * * *
    (c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all 
components whose failure would increase an engine's emissions of any 
regulated pollutant, including components listed in 40 CFR part 1068, 
Appendix I, and components from any other system you develop to control 
emissions. The emission-related warranty covers these components even 
if another company produces the component. Your emission-related 
warranty does not need to cover components whose failure would not 
increase an engine's emissions of any regulated pollutant.
* * * * *
0
238. Amend Sec.  1054.125 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraphs (c) and (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.125  What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

    Give the ultimate purchaser of each new engine written instructions 
for properly maintaining and using the engine, including the emission 
control system as described in this section. The maintenance 
instructions also apply to service accumulation on your emission-data 
engines as described in Sec.  1054.245 and in 40 CFR part 1065.
* * * * *
    (c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance 
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical 
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional 
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are 
addressing. You may also address maintenance of low-use engines (such 
as recreational or stand-by engines) by specifying the maintenance 
interval in terms of calendar months or years in addition to your 
specifications in terms of engine operating hours. All special 
maintenance instructions must be consistent with good engineering 
judgment. We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we 
determine that you have specified special maintenance steps to address 
engine operation that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is 
unlikely to occur in use. For example, this paragraph (c) does not 
allow you to design engines that require special maintenance for a 
certain type of expected operation. If we determine that certain 
maintenance items do not qualify as special maintenance under this 
paragraph (c), you may identify this as recommended additional

[[Page 28293]]

maintenance under paragraph (b) of this section.
* * * * *
    (e) Maintenance that is not emission-related. For maintenance 
unrelated to emission controls, you may schedule any amount of 
inspection or maintenance. You may also take these inspection or 
maintenance steps during service accumulation on your emission-data 
engines, as long as they are reasonable and technologically necessary. 
This might include adding engine oil, changing fuel or oil filters, 
servicing engine-cooling systems, and adjusting idle speed, governor, 
engine bolt torque, valve lash, or injector lash. You may not perform 
this nonemission-related maintenance on emission-data engines more 
often than the least frequent intervals that you recommend to the 
ultimate purchaser.
* * * * *
0
239. Amend Sec.  1054.130 by revising paragraphs (b)(2) and (5) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1054.130  What installation instructions must I give to equipment 
manufacturers?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) State: ``Failing to follow these instructions when installing a 
certified engine in a piece of equipment violates federal law (40 CFR 
1068.105(b)), subject to fines or other penalties as described in the 
Clean Air Act.''
* * * * *
    (5) Describe how your certification is limited for any type of 
application. For example, if you certify engines only for rated-speed 
applications, tell equipment manufacturers that the engine must not be 
installed in equipment involving intermediate-speed operation. Also, if 
your wintertime engines are not certified to the otherwise applicable 
HC+NOX standards, tell equipment manufacturers that the 
engines must be installed in equipment that is used only in wintertime.
* * * * *
0
240. Amend Sec.  1054.135 by revising paragraphs (c)(2) and (e)(1) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1054.135  How must I label and identify the engines I produce?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Include your full corporate name and trademark. You may 
identify another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you 
comply with the branding provisions of 40 CFR 1068.45.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) You may identify other emission standards that the engine meets 
or does not meet (such as California standards), as long as this does 
not cause you to omit any of the information described in paragraph (c) 
of this section. You may include this information by adding it to the 
statement we specify or by including a separate statement.
* * * * *
0
241. Revise Sec.  1054.145 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.145  Are there interim provisions that apply only for a 
limited time?

    The provisions in this section apply instead of other provisions in 
this part. This section describes how and when these interim provisions 
apply.
    (a)-(b) [Reserved]
    (c) Special provisions for handheld engines. Handheld engines 
subject to Phase 3 emission standards must meet the standards at or 
above barometric pressures of 96.0 kPa in the standard configuration 
and are not required to meet emission standards at lower barometric 
pressures. This is intended to allow testing under most weather 
conditions at all altitudes up to 1,100 feet above sea level. In your 
application for certification, identify the altitude above which you 
rely on an altitude kit and describe your plan for making information 
and parts available such that you would reasonably expect that altitude 
kits would be widely used at all such altitudes.
    (d) Alignment of model years for exhaust and evaporative standards. 
Evaporative emission standards generally apply based on the model year 
of the equipment, which is determined by the equipment's date of final 
assembly. However, in the first year of new emission standards, 
equipment manufacturers may apply evaporative emission standards based 
on the model year of the engine as shown on the engine's emission 
control information label. For example, for the fuel line permeation 
standards starting in 2012, equipment manufacturers may order a batch 
of 2011 model year engines for installation in 2012 model year 
equipment, subject to the anti-stockpiling provisions of 40 CFR 
1068.105(a). The equipment with the 2011 model year engines would not 
need to meet fuel line permeation standards, as long as the equipment 
is fully assembled by December 31, 2012.
    (e) [Reserved]
    (f) Early banking for evaporative emission standards--handheld 
equipment manufacturers. You may earn emission credits for handheld 
equipment you produce before the evaporative emission standards of 
Sec.  1054.110 apply. To do this, your equipment must use fuel tanks 
with a family emission limit below 1.5 g/m\2\/day (or 2.5 g/m\2\/day 
for testing at 40 [deg]C). Calculate your credits as described in Sec.  
1054.706 based on the difference between the family emission limit and 
1.5 g/m\2\/day (or 2.5 g/m\2\/day for testing at 40 [deg]C).
    (g) through (i) [Reserved]
    (j) Continued use of 40 CFR part 90 test data. You may continue to 
use data based on the test procedures that apply for engines built 
before the requirements of this part 1054 start to apply if we allow 
you to use carryover emission data under 40 CFR 1054.235(d) for your 
emission family. You may also use those test procedures for measuring 
exhaust emissions for production-line testing with any engine family 
whose certification is based on testing with those procedures. For any 
EPA testing, we will rely on the procedures described in subpart F of 
this part, even if you used carryover data based on older test 
procedures as allowed under this paragraph (j).
    (k)-(m) [Reserved]
    (n) California test fuel. You may perform testing with a fuel 
meeting the requirements for certifying the engine in California 
instead of the fuel specified in Sec.  1054.501(b)(2), as follows:
    (1) You may certify individual engine families using data from 
testing conducted with California Phase 2 test fuel through model year 
2019. Any EPA testing with such an engine family may use either this 
same certification fuel or the test fuel specified in Sec.  1054.501.
    (2) Starting in model year 2013, you may certify individual engine 
families using data from testing conducted with California Phase 3 test 
fuel. Any EPA testing with such an engine family may use either this 
same certification fuel or the test fuel specified in Sec.  1054.501, 
unless you certify to the more stringent CO standards specified in this 
paragraph (n)(2). If you meet these alternate CO standards, we will 
also use California Phase 3 test fuel for any testing we perform with 
engines from that engine family. The following alternate CO standards 
apply instead of the CO standards specified in Sec.  1054.103 or Sec.  
1054.105:

   Table 1 to Sec.   1054.145--Alternate CO Standards for Testing With
                      California Phase 3 Test Fuel
                                [g/kW-hr]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           Alternate CO
                      Engine type                            standard
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I................................................              549
Class II...............................................              549
Class III..............................................              536
Class IV...............................................              536

[[Page 28294]]

 
Class V................................................              536
Marine generators......................................              4.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
242. Amend Sec.  1054.205 by revising paragraphs (o)(1), (p)(1), (v), 
and (x) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.205  What must I include in my application?

* * * * *
    (o) * * *
    (1) Present emission data for hydrocarbon (such as THC, THCE, or 
NMHC, as applicable), NOX, and CO on an emission-data engine 
to show your engines meet the applicable exhaust emission standards as 
specified in Sec.  1054.101. Show emission figures before and after 
applying deterioration factors for each engine. Include test data from 
each applicable duty cycle specified in Sec.  1054.505(b). If we 
specify more than one grade of any fuel type (for example, low-
temperature and all-season gasoline), you need to submit test data only 
for one grade, unless the regulations of this part specify otherwise 
for your engine.
* * * * *
    (p) * * *
    (1) Report all valid test results involving measurement of 
pollutants for which emission standards apply. Also indicate whether 
there are test results from invalid tests or from any other tests of 
the emission-data engine, whether or not they were conducted according 
to the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may require you to 
report these additional test results. We may ask you to send other 
information to confirm that your tests were valid under the 
requirements of this part and 40 CFR parts 1060 and 1065.
* * * * *
    (v) Provide the following information about your plans for 
producing and selling engines:
    (1) Identify the estimated initial and final dates for producing 
engines from the engine family for the model year.
    (2) Identify the estimated date for initially introducing certified 
engines into U.S. commerce under this certificate. We will not release 
or share any information from your application for certification before 
this date unless we learn separately that you have already introduced 
certified engines into U.S. commerce.
    (3) Include good-faith estimates of U.S.-directed production 
volumes. Include a justification for the estimated production volumes 
if they are substantially different than actual production volumes in 
earlier years for similar models. Also indicate whether you expect the 
engine family to contain only nonroad engines, only stationary engines, 
or both.
* * * * *
    (x) Include the information required by other subparts of this 
part. For example, include the information required by Sec.  1054.725 
if you participate in the ABT program and include the information 
required by Sec.  1054.690 if you need to post a bond under that 
section.
* * * * *
0
243. Amend Sec.  1054.220 by revising the section heading to read as 
follows.

Sec.  1054.220  How do I amend my maintenance instructions?

* * * * *
0
244. Amend Sec.  1054.225 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading, paragraphs (b), (e), and paragraph (f) 
introductory text; and
0
b. Adding paragraph (g).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:

Sec.  1054.225  How do I amend my application for certification?

* * * * *
    (b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant 
information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
    (1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the model or 
configuration you intend to make.
    (2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the 
amended emission family complies with all applicable requirements. You 
may do this by showing that the original emission-data engine or 
emission-data equipment is still appropriate for showing that the 
amended family complies with all applicable requirements.
    (3) If the original emission-data engine for the engine family is 
not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified engine 
configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified 
engine configuration meets the requirements of this part.
    (4) Include any other information needed to make your application 
correct and complete.
* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For emission families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing a new or modified configuration 
anytime after you send us your amended application and before we make a 
decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we determine 
that the affected configurations do not meet applicable requirements, 
we will notify you to cease production of the configurations and may 
require you to recall the engine or equipment at no expense to the 
owner. Choosing to produce engines under this paragraph (e) is deemed 
to be consent to recall all engines or equipment that we determine do 
not meet applicable emission standards or other requirements and to 
remedy the nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not 
provide information required under paragraph (c) of this section within 
30 days after we request it, you must stop producing the new or 
modified engine or equipment.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
    (f) You may ask us to approve a change to your FEL with respect to 
exhaust emissions in certain cases after the start of production. The 
changed FEL may not apply to engines you have already introduced into 
U.S. commerce, except as described in this paragraph (f). If we approve 
a changed FEL after the start of production, you must identify the 
month and year for applying the new FEL. You may ask us to approve a 
change to your FEL in the following cases:
* * * * *
    (g) You may produce engines as described in your amended 
application for certification and consider those engines to be in a 
certified configuration if we approve a new or modified engine 
configuration during the model year under paragraph (d) of this 
section. Similarly, you may modify in-use engines as described in your 
amended application for certification and consider those engines to be 
in a certified configuration if we approve a new or modified engine 
configuration at any time under paragraph (d) of this section. 
Modifying a new or in-use engine to be in a certified configuration 
does not violate the tampering prohibition of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1), as 
long as this does not involve changing

[[Page 28295]]

to a certified configuration with a higher family emission limit.
0
245. Amend Sec.  1054.235 by revising the section heading and 
paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.235  What testing requirements apply for certification?

* * * * *
    (a) Select an emission-data engine from each engine family for 
testing as described in 40 CFR 1065.401. Select a configuration and set 
adjustable parameters in a way that is most likely to exceed the HC+NOX 
standard, using good engineering judgment. Configurations must be 
tested as they will be produced, including installed governors, if 
applicable.
    (b) Test your emission-data engines using the procedures and 
equipment specified in subpart F of this part. In the case of dual-fuel 
engines, measure emissions when operating with each type of fuel for 
which you intend to certify the engine. In the case of flexible-fuel 
engines, measure emissions when operating with the fuel mixture that is 
most likely to cause the engine to exceed the applicable 
HC+NOX emission standard, though you may ask us to instead 
perform tests with both fuels separately if you can show that 
intermediate mixtures are not likely to occur in use.
    (c) We may perform confirmatory testing by measuring emissions from 
any of your emission-data engines or other engines from the emission 
family, as follows:
    (1) We may decide to do the testing at your plant or any other 
facility. If we do this, you must deliver the engine to a test facility 
we designate. The engine you provide must include appropriate 
manifolds, aftertreatment devices, electronic control units, and other 
emission-related components not normally attached directly to the 
engine block. If we do the testing at your plant, you must schedule it 
as soon as possible and make available the instruments, personnel, and 
equipment we need.
    (2) If we measure emissions on one of your engines, the results of 
that testing become the official emission results for the engine.
    (3) We may set the adjustable parameters of your engine to any 
point within the physically adjustable ranges (see Sec.  1054.115(b)).
    (4) Before we test one of your engines, we may calibrate it within 
normal production tolerances for anything we do not consider an 
adjustable parameter. For example, this would apply for a parameter 
that is subject to production variability because it is adjustable 
during production, but is not considered an adjustable parameter (as 
defined in Sec.  1054.801) because it is permanently sealed.
    (d) You may ask to use carryover emission data from a previous 
model year instead of doing new tests, but only if all the following 
are true:
    (1) The emission family from the previous model year differs from 
the current emission family only with respect to model year, items 
identified in Sec.  1054.225(a), or other characteristics unrelated to 
emissions. We may waive this criterion for differences we determine not 
to be relevant.
    (2) The emission-data engine from the previous model year remains 
the appropriate emission-data engine under paragraph (b) of this 
section.
    (3) The data show that the emission-data engine would meet all the 
requirements that apply to the emission family covered by the 
application for certification.
* * * * *
0
246. Amend Sec.  1054.240 by revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.240  How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies 
with exhaust emission standards?

    (a) For purposes of certification, your emission family is 
considered in compliance with the emission standards in Sec.  
1054.101(a) if all emission-data engines representing that family have 
test results showing official emission results and deteriorated 
emission levels at or below these standards. This also applies for all 
test points for emission-data engines within the family used to 
establish deterioration factors. Note that your FELs are considered to 
be the applicable emission standards with which you must comply if you 
participate in the ABT program in subpart H of this part.
    (b) Your engine family is deemed not to comply if any emission-data 
engine representing that family has test results showing an official 
emission result or a deteriorated emission level for any pollutant that 
is above an applicable emission standard. This also applies for all 
test points for emission-data engines within the family used to 
establish deterioration factors.
    (c) Determine a deterioration factor to compare emission levels 
from the emission-data engine with the applicable emission standards. 
Section 1054.245 specifies how to test engines to develop deterioration 
factors that represent the expected deterioration in emissions over 
your engines' full useful life. Calculate a multiplicative 
deterioration factor as described in Sec.  1054.245(b). If the 
deterioration factor is less than one, use one. Specify the 
deterioration factor to one more significant figure than the emission 
standard. In the case of dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines, apply 
deterioration factors separately for each fuel type. You may use 
assigned deterioration factors that we establish for up to 10,000 
nonhandheld engines from small-volume emission families in each model 
year, except that small-volume engine manufacturers may use assigned 
deterioration factors for any or all of their engine families.
    (d) Determine the official emission result for each pollutant to at 
least one more decimal place than the applicable standard. Apply the 
deterioration factor to the official emission result, as described in 
Sec.  1054.245(b), then round the adjusted figure to the same number of 
decimal places as the emission standard. Compare the rounded emission 
levels to the emission standard for each emission-data engine. In the 
case of HC+NOX standards, add the official emission results 
and apply the deterioration factor to the sum of the pollutants before 
rounding. However, if your deterioration factors are based on emission 
measurements that do not cover the engine's full useful life, apply 
deterioration factors to each pollutant and then add the results before 
rounding.
* * * * *
0
247. Amend Sec.  1054.245 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a), (b)(1), (b)(3), (b)(5), and (c); and
0
b. Adding paragraph (d).
    The revisions and addition read as follows:

Sec.  1054.245  How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust 
durability testing?

* * * * *
    (a) You may ask us to approve deterioration factors for an emission 
family based on emission measurements from similar engines if you have 
already given us these data for certifying other engines in the same or 
earlier model years. Use good engineering judgment to decide whether 
the two engines are similar. We will approve your request if you show 
us that the emission measurements from other engines reasonably 
represent in-use deterioration for the engine family for which you have 
not yet determined deterioration factors.
    (b) * * *
    (1) Measure emissions from the emission-data engine at a low-hour 
test point, at the midpoint of the useful life, and at the end of the 
useful life, except as specifically allowed by this paragraph (b). You 
may test at

[[Page 28296]]

additional evenly spaced intermediate points. Collect emission data 
using measurements to at least one more decimal place than the emission 
standard.
* * * * *
    (3) In the case of dual-fuel or flexible-fuel engines, you may 
accumulate service hours on a single emission-data engine using the 
type or mixture of fuel expected to have the highest combustion and 
exhaust temperatures; you may ask us to approve a different fuel 
mixture for flexible-fuel engines if you demonstrate that a different 
criterion is more appropriate. For dual-fuel engines, you must measure 
emissions on each fuel type at each test point, either with separate 
engines dedicated to a given fuel, or with different configurations of 
a single engine.
* * * * *
    (5) Calculate your deterioration factor using a linear least-
squares fit of your test data, but treat the low-hour test point as 
occurring at hour zero. Your deterioration factor is the ratio of the 
calculated emission level at the point representing the full useful 
life to the calculated emission level at zero hours, expressed to one 
more decimal place than the applicable standard.
* * * * *
    (c) If you qualify for using assigned deterioration factors under 
Sec.  1054.240, determine the deterioration factors as follows:
    (1) For two-stroke engines without aftertreatment, use a 
deterioration factor of 1.1 for HC, NOX, and CO. For four-
stroke engines without aftertreatment, use deterioration factors of 1.4 
for HC, 1.0 for NOX, and 1.1 for CO for Class 2 engines, and 
use 1.5 for HC and NOX, and 1.1 for CO for all other 
engines.
    (2) For Class 2 engines with aftertreatment, use a deterioration 
factor of 1.0 for NOX. For all other cases involving engines 
with aftertreatment, calculate separate deterioration factors for HC, 
NOX, and CO using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.074

Where:

NE = engine-out emission levels (pre-catalyst) from the low-hour 
test result for a given pollutant, in g/kW-hr.
EDF = the deterioration factor specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this 
section for the type of engine for a given pollutant.
CC = the catalyst conversion from the low-hour test, in g/kW-hr. 
This is the difference between the official emission result and NE.
F = 1.0 for NOX and 0.8 for HC and CO.

    (3) Combine separate deterioration factors for HC and 
NOX from paragraph (c)(2) of this section into a combined 
deterioration factor for HC+NOX using the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.075

    (d) Include the following information in your application for 
certification:
    (1) If you determine your deterioration factors based on test data 
from a different emission family, explain why this is appropriate and 
include all the emission measurements on which you base the 
deterioration factor.
    (2) If you do testing to determine deterioration factors, describe 
the form and extent of service accumulation, including the method you 
use to accumulate hours.
    (3) If you calculate deterioration factors under paragraph (c) of 
this section, identify the parameters and variables you used for the 
calculation.
0
248. Amend Sec.  1054.250 by:
0
a. Removing and reserving paragraph (a)(3); and
0
b. Revising paragraphs (b)(3)(iv) and (c).
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  1054.250  What records must I keep and what reports must I send 
to EPA?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (iv) All your emission tests (valid and invalid), including the 
date and purpose of each test and documentation of test parameters as 
specified in part 40 CFR part 1065.
* * * * *
    (c) Keep required data from emission tests and all other 
information specified in this section for eight years after we issue 
your certificate. If you use the same emission data or other 
information for a later model year, the eight-year period restarts with 
each year that you continue to rely on the information.
* * * * *
0
249. Revise Sec.  1054.255 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
emission family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean 
Air Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for the emission 
family for that model year. We may make the approval subject to 
additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an emission family fails to comply with emission standards or 
other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing, reporting, or bonding 
requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce engines or equipment for importation into the United 
States at a location where local law prohibits us from carrying out 
authorized activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all engines or equipment being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Clean Air Act or this part, with respect to an emission family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an emission family 
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Clean Air Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an emission family 
if we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting your 
application that causes the submitted information to be false or 
incomplete.

[[Page 28297]]

    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate of conformity, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  
1054.820).
0
250. Amend Sec.  1054.301 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.301  When must I test my production-line engines?

    (a) * * *
    (2) We may exempt small-volume emission families from routine 
testing under this subpart. Submit your request for approval as 
described in Sec.  1054.210. In your request, describe your basis for 
projecting a production volume below 5,000 units. We will approve your 
request if we agree that you have made good-faith estimates of your 
production volumes. You must promptly notify us if your actual 
production exceeds 5,000 units during the model year. If you exceed the 
production limit or if there is evidence of a nonconformity, we may 
require you to test production-line engines under this subpart, or 
under 40 CFR part 1068, subpart E, even if we have approved an 
exemption under this paragraph (a)(2).
* * * * *
0
251. Amend Sec.  1054.310 by revising paragraph (a)(1) introductory 
text, paragraphs (a)(1)(iv), and (c)(2) introductory text to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.310  How must I select engines for production-line testing?

    (a) * * *
    (1) For engine families with projected U.S.-directed production 
volume of at least 1,600, the test periods are consecutive quarters (3 
months). However, if your annual production period is not 12 months 
long, you may take the following alternative approach to define 
quarterly test periods:
* * * * *
    (iv) If your annual production period is 301 days or longer, divide 
the annual production period evenly into four test periods. For 
example, if your annual production period is 392 days (56 weeks), 
divide the annual production period into four test periods of 98 days 
(14 weeks).
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Calculate the standard deviation, [sigma], for the test sample 
using the following formula:
* * * * *
0
252. Amend Sec.  1054.315 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.315  How do I know when my engine family fails the 
production-line testing requirements?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Initial and final test results. Calculate and round the test 
results for each engine. If you do multiple tests on an engine in a 
given configuration (without modifying the engine), calculate the 
initial results for each test, then add all the test results together 
and divide by the number of tests. Round this final calculated value 
for the final test results on that engine.
* * * * *
0
253. Amend Sec.  1054.320 by adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.320  What happens if one of my production-line engines fails 
to meet emission standards?

* * * * *
    (c) Use test data from a failing engine for the compliance 
demonstration under Sec.  1054.315 as follows:
    (1) Use the original, failing test results as described in Sec.  
1054.315, whether or not you modify the engine or destroy it.
    (2) Do not use test results from a modified engine as final test 
results under Sec.  1054.315, unless you change your production process 
for all engines to match the adjustments you made to the failing 
engine. If this occurs, count the modified engine as the next engine in 
the sequence, rather than averaging the results with the testing that 
occurred before modifying the engine.
0
254. Amend Sec.  1054.501 by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (2), and 
paragraph (b)(4) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.501  How do I run a valid emission test?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Measure the emissions of all exhaust constituents subject to 
emission standards as specified in Sec.  1054.505 and 40 CFR part 1065. 
Measure CO2, N2O, and CH4 as described 
in Sec.  1054.235. See Sec.  1054.650 for special provisions that apply 
for variable-speed engines (including engines shipped without 
governors).
    (2) Use the appropriate fuels and lubricants specified in 40 CFR 
part 1065, subpart H, for all the testing we require in this part. 
Gasoline test fuel must meet the specifications in 40 CFR 1065.710(c), 
except as specified in Sec.  1054.145(n), 40 CFR 1065.10, and 40 CFR 
1065.701. Use gasoline specified for general testing except as 
specified in paragraph (d) of this section. For service accumulation, 
use the test fuel or any commercially available fuel that is 
representative of the fuel that in-use engines will use. Note that 
Sec.  1054.145(n) allows for testing with gasoline test fuels specified 
by the California Air Resources Board for any individual engine family.
* * * * *
    (4) The provisions of 40 CFR 1065.405 describe how to prepare an 
engine for testing. However, you may consider emission levels stable 
without measurement after 12 hours of engine operation, except for the 
following special provisions that apply for engine families with a 
useful life of 300 hours or less:
* * * * *
0
255. Amend Sec.  1054.505 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.505  How do I test engines?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) For nonhandheld engines, use the six-mode duty cycle or the 
corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix 
II of this part. Control engine speeds and torques during idle mode as 
specified in paragraph (c) of this section. Control engine speed during 
the full-load operating mode as specified in paragraph (d) of this 
section. For all other modes, control engine speed to within 5 percent 
of the nominal speed specified in paragraph (d) of this section or let 
the installed governor (in the production configuration) control engine 
speed. For all modes except idle, control torque as needed to meet the 
cycle-validation criteria in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The 
governor may be adjusted before emission sampling to target the nominal 
speed identified in paragraph (d) of this section, but the installed 
governor must control engine speed throughout the emission-sampling 
period whether the governor is adjusted or not. Note that ramped-modal 
testing involves continuous sampling, so governor adjustments may not 
occur during such a test. Note also that our testing may involve 
running the engine with the governor in the standard configuration even 
if you adjust the governor as described in this paragraph (b)(2) for 
certification or production-line testing.
* * * * *
0
256. Amend Sec.  1054.601 by adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.601  What compliance provisions apply?

* * * * *
    (d) Subpart C of this part describes how to test and certify dual-
fuel and flexible-fuel engines. Some multi-fuel engines may not fit 
either of those defined terms. For such engines, we will determine 
whether it is most appropriate to treat them as single-fuel engines, 
dual-fuel engines, or flexible-

[[Page 28298]]

fuel engines based on the range of possible and expected fuel mixtures.
0
257. Amend Sec.  1054.612 by revising the introductory text to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.612  What special provisions apply for equipment 
manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?

    The provisions of this section are limited to small-volume emission 
families.
* * * * *
0
258. Amend Sec.  1054.620 by revising paragraph (c)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.620  What are the provisions for exempting engines used 
solely for competition?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Sale of the equipment in which the engine is installed must be 
limited to professional competition teams, professional competitors, or 
other qualified competitors. Engine manufacturers may sell loose 
engines to these same qualified competitors, and to equipment 
manufacturers supplying competition models for qualified competitors.
* * * * *

Sec.  Sec.  1054.625 and 1054.626  [Removed]

0
259. Remove Sec. Sec.  1054.625 and 1054.626.

Sec.  1054.635  [Amended]

0
260. Amend Sec.  1054.635 by removing and reserving paragraph (c)(6).

Sec.  1054.640  [Removed]

0
261. Remove Sec.  1054.640.
0
262. Revise Sec.  1054.655 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.655  What special provisions apply for installing and 
removing altitude kits?

    An action for the purpose of installing or modifying altitude kits 
and performing other changes to compensate for changing altitude is not 
considered a prohibited act under 40 CFR 1068.101(b) if it is done 
consistent with the manufacturer's instructions.
0
263. Amend Sec.  1054.690 by revising paragraphs (f) and (i) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.690  What bond requirements apply for certified engines?

* * * * *
    (f) If you are required to post a bond under this section, you must 
get the bond from a third-party surety that is cited in the U.S. 
Department of Treasury Circular 570, ``Companies Holding Certificates 
of Authority as Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable 
Reinsuring Companies'' (https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/surety-bonds/circular-570.html). You must maintain this bond for every year in which 
you sell certified engines. The surety agent remains responsible for 
obligations under the bond for two years after the bond is cancelled or 
expires without being replaced.
* * * * *
    (i) If you are required to post a bond under this section, you must 
note that in your application for certification as described in Sec.  
1054.205. Your certification is conditioned on your compliance with 
this section. Your certificate is automatically suspended if you fail 
to comply with the requirements of this section. This suspension 
applies with respect to all engines in your possession as well as all 
engines being imported or otherwise introduced into U.S. commerce. For 
example, if you maintain a bond sufficient to cover 500 engines, you 
may introduce into U.S. commerce only 500 engines under your 
certificate; your certificate would be automatically suspended for any 
additional engines. Introducing such additional engines into U.S. 
commerce would violate 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1). For importation, U.S. 
Customs may deny entry of engines lacking the necessary bond. This 
would apply if there is no bond, or if the value of the bond is not 
sufficient for the appropriate production volumes. We may also revoke 
your certificate.
* * * * *
0
264. Amend Sec.  1054.701 by revising paragraph (c)(2), paragraph (i) 
introductory text, and paragraph (i)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.701  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Handheld engines and nonhandheld engines are in separate 
averaging sets with respect to exhaust emissions except as specified in 
Sec.  1054.740(e). You may use emission credits generated with Phase 2 
engines for Phase 3 handheld engines only if you can demonstrate that 
those credits were generated by handheld engines, except as specified 
in Sec.  1054.740(e). Similarly, you may use emission credits generated 
with Phase 2 engines for Phase 3 nonhandheld engines only if you can 
demonstrate that those credits were generated by nonhandheld engines, 
subject to the provisions of Sec.  1054.740.
* * * * *
    (i) As described in Sec.  1054.730, compliance with the 
requirements of this subpart is determined at the end of the model year 
based on actual U.S.-directed production volumes. Do not include any of 
the following engines or equipment to calculate emission credits:
    (1) Engines or equipment with a permanent exemption under subpart G 
of this part or under 40 CFR part 1068.
* * * * *
0
265. Amend Sec.  1054.710 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.710  How do I average emission credits?

* * * * *
    (c) If you certify a family to an FEL that exceeds the otherwise 
applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits to offset 
the family's deficit by the due date for the final report required in 
Sec.  1054.730. The emission credits used to address the deficit may 
come from your other families that generate emission credits in the 
same model year, from emission credits you have banked from previous 
model years, or from emission credits generated in the same or previous 
model years that you obtained through trading.
0
266. Amend Sec.  1054.715 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.715  How do I bank emission credits?

* * * * *
    (b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the 
reports you submit under Sec.  1054.730 as reserved credits. During the 
model year and before the due date for the final report, you may 
designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
* * * * *
0
267. Amend Sec.  1054.725 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.725  What must I include in my application for 
certification?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive 
or negative) based on projected production volumes. We may require you 
to include similar calculations from your other engine families to 
demonstrate that you will be able to avoid negative credit balances for 
the model year. If you project negative emission credits for a family, 
state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to 
offset the negative emission credits.
0
268. Amend Sec.  1054.730 by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(3), 
(b)(4), (d)(1)(iii), and (d)(2)(iii) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.730  What ABT reports must I send to EPA?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *

[[Page 28299]]

    (1) Family designation and averaging set.
* * * * *
    (3) The FEL for each pollutant. If you change the FEL after the 
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new 
FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine 
covered by the new FEL. In this case, identify each applicable FEL and 
calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in 
Sec.  1054.225.
    (4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for 
the model year as described in Sec.  1054.701(i). For fuel tanks, state 
the production volume in terms of surface area and production volume 
for each fuel tank configuration and state the total surface area for 
the emission family. If you changed an FEL during the model year, 
identify the actual U.S.-directed production volume associated with 
each FEL.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) The averaging set corresponding to the families that 
generated emission credits for the trade, including the number of 
emission credits from each averaging set.
    (2) * * *
    (iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the 
number of emission credits you intend to apply for each averaging set.
* * * * *
0
269. Amend Sec.  1054.735 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1054.735  What records must I keep?

    (a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in 
this section.
    (b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight 
years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use 
emission credits for any engines or equipment if you do not keep all 
the records required under this section. You must therefore keep these 
records to continue to bank valid credits.
* * * * *
0
270. Amend Sec.  1054.740 by revising paragraph (c) and removing and 
reserving paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.740  What special provisions apply for generating and using 
emission credits?

* * * * *
    (c) You may not use emission credits generated by nonhandheld 
engines certified to Phase 2 emission standards to demonstrate 
compliance with the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards in 2014 and 
later model years.
* * * * *
0
271. Amend Sec.  1054.801 by:
0
a. Revising the definition for ``Designated Compliance Officer''.
0
b. Removing the definition for ``Dual-fuel engine''.
0
c. Adding a definition for ``Dual-fuel'' in alphabetical order.
0
d. Revising the definition for ``Engine configuration'' and ``Equipment 
manufacturer''.
0
e. Removing the definition for ``Flexible-fuel engine''.
0
f. Adding a definition for ``Flexible-fuel'' in alphabetical order.
0
g. Revising the definitions for ``Fuel type'', ``Handheld'', ``New 
nonroad engine'', ``New nonroad equipment'', ``Nonmethane 
hydrocarbon''. ``Nonroad engine'', ``Phase 1'', ``Phase 2'', and 
``Placed into service''.
0
h. Removing the definition for ``Pressurized oil system''.
0
i. Revising the definitions for ``Small-volume emission family'', 
``Small-volume equipment manufacturer'', ``Total hydrocarbon'', and 
``Total hydrocarbon equivalent''.
    The new and revised definitions read as follows:

Sec.  1054.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Gasoline Engine 
Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 
Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; complianceinfo@epa.gov.
* * * * *
    Dual-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on two 
different fuels but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels (see 
Sec.  1054.601(d)). For purposes of this part, such an engine remains a 
dual-fuel engine even if it is designed for operation on three or more 
different fuels.
* * * * *
    Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware 
and calibration within an emission family. Engines within a single 
engine configuration differ only with respect to normal production 
variability or factors unrelated to emissions.
* * * * *
    Equipment manufacturer means a manufacturer of nonroad equipment. 
All nonroad equipment manufacturing entities under the control of the 
same person are considered to be a single nonroad equipment 
manufacturer.
* * * * *
    Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on 
any mixture of two or more different fuels (see Sec.  1054.601(d)).
* * * * *
    Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or 
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, 
such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or low-level ethanol-
gasoline blends.
* * * * *
    Handheld means relating to equipment that meets any of the 
following criteria:
    (1) It is carried by the operator throughout the performance of its 
intended function.
    (2) It is designed to operate multi-positionally, such as upside 
down or sideways, to complete its intended function.
    (3) It has a combined engine and equipment dry weight under 16.0 
kilograms, has no more than two wheels, and at least one of the 
following attributes is also present:
    (i) The operator provides support or carries the equipment 
throughout the performance of its intended function. Carry means to 
completely bear the weight of the equipment, including the engine. 
Support means to hold a piece of equipment in position to prevent it 
from falling, slipping, or sinking, without carrying it.
    (ii) The operator provides support or attitudinal control for the 
equipment throughout the performance of its intended function. 
Attitudinal control involves regulating the horizontal or vertical 
position of the equipment.
    (4) It is an auger with a combined engine and equipment dry weight 
under 22.0 kilograms.
    (5) It is used in a recreational application with a combined total 
vehicle dry weight under 20.0 kilograms.
    (6) It is a hand-supported jackhammer or rammer/compactor. This 
does not include equipment that can remain upright without operator 
support, such as a plate compactor.
* * * * *
    New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
    (1) A freshly manufactured nonroad engine for which the ultimate 
purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of 
engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand new.'' In the case of 
this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is produced 
until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is 
placed into service, whichever comes first.
    (2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or 
a stationary

[[Page 28300]]

engine that is later used or intended to be used in a piece of nonroad 
equipment. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor vehicle or 
stationary engine and becomes a ``new nonroad engine.'' The engine is 
no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service. This paragraph 
(2) applies if a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine is 
installed in nonroad equipment, or if a motor vehicle or a piece of 
stationary equipment is modified (or moved) to become nonroad 
equipment.
    (3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service 
in an application we exclude under Sec.  1054.5, when that engine is 
installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1054. 
The engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service 
covered by this part 1054. For example, this would apply to a marine-
propulsion engine that is no longer used in a marine vessel but is 
instead installed in a piece of nonroad equipment subject to the 
provisions of this part.
    (4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this 
definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment. 
This generally includes installation of used engines in new equipment. 
The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a 
title for the equipment or the product is placed into service, 
whichever comes first.
    (5) An imported nonroad engine, subject to the following 
provisions:
    (i) An imported nonroad engine covered by a certificate of 
conformity issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or 
more of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the 
original engine manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined 
by those applicable paragraphs.
    (ii) An imported engine that will be covered by a certificate of 
conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the 
original engine manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the 
engine is modified after its initial assembly), is a new nonroad engine 
when it is imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser 
receives a title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever 
comes first.
    (iii) An imported nonroad engine that is not covered by a 
certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of 
importation is new. This addresses uncertified engines and equipment 
initially placed into service that someone seeks to import into the 
United States. Importation of this kind of engine (or equipment 
containing such an engine) is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068. 
However, the importation of such an engine is not prohibited if the 
engine has a date of manufacture before January 1, 1997, since it is 
not subject to standards.
    New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
    (1) A nonroad piece of equipment for which the ultimate purchaser 
has never received the equitable or legal title. The product is no 
longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives this title or the 
product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
    (2) A nonroad piece of equipment with an engine that becomes new 
while installed in the equipment. For example, a complete piece of 
equipment that was imported without being covered by a certificate of 
conformity would be new nonroad equipment because the engine would be 
considered new at the time of importation.
* * * * *
    Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. 
This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total 
hydrocarbon and the emitted mass of methane.
* * * * *
    Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general, 
this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle 
engines, stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or 
engines used in aircraft.
* * * * *
    Phase 1 means relating to the Phase 1 emission standards described 
in Appendix I of this part.
    Phase 2 means relating to the Phase 2 emission standards described 
in Appendix I of this part.
* * * * *
    Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended 
purpose. Engines and equipment do not qualify as being ``placed into 
service'' based on incidental use by a manufacturer or dealer.
* * * * *
    Small-volume emission family means one of the following:
    (1) For requirements related to exhaust emissions for nonhandheld 
engines and to exhaust and evaporative emissions for handheld engines, 
small-volume emission family means any emission family whose U.S.-
directed production volume in a given model year is projected at the 
time of certification to be no more than 5,000 engines or pieces of 
equipment.
    (2) For requirements related to evaporative emissions for 
nonhandheld equipment, small-volume emission family means any equipment 
manufacturer's U.S.-directed production volume for identical fuel tank 
is projected at the time of certification to be no more than 5,000 
units. Tanks are generally considered identical if they are produced 
under a single part number to conform to a single design or blueprint. 
Tanks should be considered identical if they differ only with respect 
to production variability, post-production changes (such as different 
fittings or grommets), supplier, color, or other extraneous design 
variables.
* * * * *
    Small-volume equipment manufacturer means one of the following:
    (1) For handheld equipment, an equipment manufacturer that had a 
U.S.-directed production volume of no more than 25,000 pieces of 
handheld equipment in any calendar year. For manufacturers owned by a 
parent company, this production limit applies to the production of the 
parent company and all its subsidiaries.
    (2) For nonhandheld equipment, an equipment manufacturer with 
annual U.S.-directed production volumes of no more than 5,000 pieces of 
nonhandheld equipment in any calendar year. For manufacturers owned by 
a parent company, this production limit applies to the production of 
the parent company and all its subsidiaries.
    (3) An equipment manufacturer that we designate to be a small-
volume equipment manufacturer under Sec.  1054.635.
* * * * *
    Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This 
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the 
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as an 
atomic hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
    Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass 
contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, alcohols and aldehydes, or 
other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a 
gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled 
engines. The atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent 
hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
* * * * *
0
272. Revise Sec.  1054.815 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.815  What provisions apply to confidential information?

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider 
confidential.

[[Page 28301]]

0
273. Revise Sec.  1054.825 to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.825  What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply 
under this part?

    (a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record 
data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required 
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available 
for eight years after you send an associated application for 
certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do 
not support an application for certification. We may request these 
records at any time. You must promptly give us organized, written 
records in English if we ask for them. This applies whether or not you 
rely on someone else to keep records on your behalf. We may require you 
to submit written records in an electronic format.
    (b) The regulations in Sec.  1054.255, 40 CFR 1068.25, and 40 CFR 
1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete 
information. This includes information not related to certification. 
Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify 
violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal 
penalties.
    (c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated 
Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1054.801).
    (d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive 
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this 
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may 
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a 
certificate holder.
    (e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the 
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and 
recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations. The following 
items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for 
engines and equipment regulated under this part:
    (1) We specify the following requirements related to engine and 
equipment certification in this part 1054:
    (i) In Sec.  1054.20 we require equipment manufacturers to label 
their equipment if they are relying on component certification.
    (ii) In Sec.  1054.135 we require engine manufacturers to keep 
certain records related to duplicate labels sent to equipment 
manufacturers.
    (iii) In Sec.  1054.145 we include various reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements related to interim provisions.
    (iv) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of 
information required to certify engines.
    (v) In Sec. Sec.  1054.345 and 1054.350 we specify certain records 
related to production-line testing.
    (vi) [Reserved]
    (vii) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and 
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval 
related to various special compliance provisions.
    (viii) In Sec. Sec.  1054.725, 1054.730, and 1054.735 we specify 
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
    (2) We specify the following requirements related to component and 
equipment certification in 40 CFR part 1060:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1060.20 we give an overview of principles for 
reporting information.
    (ii) In 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, we identify a wide range of 
information required to certify products.
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1060.301 we require manufacturers to keep records 
related to evaluation of production samples for verifying that the 
products are as specified in the certificate of conformity.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1060.310 we require manufacturers to make 
components, engines, or equipment available for our testing if we make 
such a request.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1060.505 we specify information needs for 
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
    (3) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40 
CFR part 1065:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for 
reporting information.
    (ii) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for 
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing 
test information.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify the specific information and 
data items to record when measuring emissions.
    (4) We specify the following requirements related to the general 
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good 
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
    (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to 
sending and keeping information.
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines 
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep 
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
    (v) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to 
rebuilding engines.
    (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting 
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval 
related to various exemptions.
    (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting 
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval 
related to importing engines.
    (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records 
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement 
audit.
    (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to 
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
    (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records 
related to recalling nonconforming engines.
    (xi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G, we specify certain records for 
requesting a hearing.
0
274. Revise Appendix I to part 1054 to read as follows:

Appendix I to Part 1054--Summary of Previous Emission Standards

    The following standards, which EPA originally adopted under 40 
CFR part 90, apply to nonroad spark-ignition engines produced before 
the model years specified in Sec.  1054.1:
    (a) Handheld engines. (1) Phase 1 standards apply for handheld 
engines as summarized in the following table starting with model 
year 1997:

[[Page 28302]]

                     Table 1 to Appendix I--Phase 1 Emission Standards for Handheld Engines
                                                  [g/kW-hr] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Engine displacement class                           HC              NOX             CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III.......................................................             295            5.36             805
Class IV........................................................             241            5.36             805
Class V.........................................................             161            5.36             603
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Phase 1 standards are based on testing with new engines only.

    (2) Phase 2 standards apply for handheld engines as summarized 
in the following table starting with model year 2002 for Class III 
and Class IV, and starting in model year 2004 for Class V:

 Table 2 to Appendix I--Phase 2 Emission Standards for Handheld Engines
                                [g/kW-hr]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Engine displacement class            HC + NOX           CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class III...............................          \a\ 50             805
Class IV................................          \b\ 50             805
Class V.................................          \c\ 72             603
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Class III engines had alternate HC + NOX standards of 238, 175, and
  113 for model years 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively.
\b\ Class IV engines had alternate HC + NOX standards of 196, 148, and
  99 for model years 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively.
\c\ Class V engines had alternate HC + NOX standards of 143, 119, and 96
  for model years 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively.

    (b) Nonhandheld engines. (1) Phase 1 standards apply for 
nonhandheld engines as summarized in the following table starting 
with model year 1997:

    Table 3 to Appendix I--Phase 1 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld
                                 Engines
                              [g/kW-hr] \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Engine displacement class            HC + NOX           CO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I.................................            16.1             519
Class II................................            13.4             519
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Phase 1 standards are based on testing with new engines only.

    (2) Phase 2 standards apply for nonhandheld engines as 
summarized in the following table starting with model year 2001 
(except as noted for Class I engines):

                    Table 4 to Appendix I--Phase 2 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld Engines
                                                    [g/kW-hr]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                    NMHC +  NOX
                    Engine displacement class                        HC + NOX                           CO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class I-A.......................................................              50  ..............             610
Class I-B.......................................................              40              37             610
Class I \a\.....................................................            16.1            14.8             610
Class II \b\....................................................            12.1            11.3             610
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The Phase 2 standards for Class I engines apply for new engines produced starting August 1, 2007, and for
  any engines belonging to an engine model whose original production date was on or after August 1, 2003.
\b\ Class II engines had alternate HC + NOX standards of 18.0, 16.6, 15.0, 13.6 and alternate NMHC + NOX
  standards of 16.7, 15.3, 14.0, 12.7 for model years 2001 through 2004, respectively.

    (3) Note that engines subject to Phase 1 standards were not 
subject to useful life provisions as specified in Sec.  1054.107. In 
addition, engines subject to Phase 1 standards and engines subject 
to Phase 2 standards were both not subject to the following 
provisions:
    (i) Evaporative emission standards as specified in Sec. Sec.  
1054.110 and 1054.112.
    (ii) Altitude adjustments as specified in Sec.  1054.115(c).
    (iii) Warranty assurance provisions as specified in Sec.  
1054.120(f).
    (iv) Emission-related installation instructions as specified in 
Sec.  1054.130.
    (v) Bonding requirements as specified in Sec.  1054.690.

0
275. Revise paragraph (b)(2) of Appendix II to part 1054 to read as 
follows:

Appendix II to Part 1054--Duty Cycles for Laboratory Testing

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:

[[Page 28303]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Time in mode
                 RMC mode \a\                      (seconds)                   Torque (percent) b c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1a Steady-state...............................               41  0
1b Transition.................................               20  Linear transition
2a Steady-state...............................              135  100
2b Transition.................................               20  Linear transition
3a Steady-state...............................              112  10
3b Transition.................................               20  Linear transition
4a Steady-state...............................              337  75
4b Transition.................................               20  Linear transition
5a Steady-state...............................              518  25
5b Transition.................................               20  Linear transition
6a Steady-state...............................              494  50
6b Transition.................................               20  Linear transition
7 Steady-state................................               43  0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Control engine speed as described in Sec.   1054.505. Control engine speed for Mode 6 as described in Sec.
  1054.505(c) for idle operation.
\b\ Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command
  a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.
\c\ The percent torque is relative to the value established for full-load torque, as described in Sec.
  1054.505.

PART 1060--CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE 
NONROAD AND STATIONARY EQUIPMENT

0
276. The authority citation for part 1060 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
277. Amend Sec.  1060.1 by revising paragraphs (a)(8), (c), and (d) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1060.1  Which products are subject to this part's requirements?

    (a) * * *
    (8) Portable nonroad fuel tanks are considered portable marine fuel 
tanks for purposes of this part 1060. Portable nonroad fuel tanks and 
fuel lines associated with such fuel tanks must therefore meet 
evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR 1045.112, whether or 
not they are used with marine vessels.
* * * * *
    (c) Fuel caps are subject to evaporative emission standards at the 
point of installation on a fuel tank. When a fuel cap is certified for 
use with Marine SI engines or Small SI engines under the optional 
standards of Sec.  1060.103, it becomes subject to all the requirements 
of this part 1060 as if these optional standards were mandatory.
    (d) This part 1060 does not apply to any diesel-fueled engine or 
any other engine that does not use a volatile liquid fuel. In addition, 
this part does not apply to any engines or equipment in the following 
categories even if they use a volatile liquid fuel:
    (1) Light-duty motor vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
    (2) Heavy-duty motor vehicles and heavy-duty motor vehicle engines 
(see 40 CFR part 86). This part 1060 also does not apply to fuel 
systems for nonroad engines where such fuel systems are subject to part 
86 because they are part of a heavy-duty motor vehicle.
    (3) Aircraft engines (see 40 CFR part 87).
    (4) Locomotives (see 40 CFR part 1033).
* * * * *
0
278. Amend Sec.  1060.5 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.5  Do the requirements of this part apply to me?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Each person meeting the definition of manufacturer for a 
product that is subject to the standards and other requirements of this 
part must comply with such requirements. However, if one person 
complies with a specific requirement for a given product, then all 
manufacturers are deemed to have complied with that specific 
requirement. For example, if a Small SI equipment manufacturer uses 
fuel lines manufactured and certified by another company, the equipment 
manufacturer is not required to obtain its own certificate with respect 
to the fuel line emission standards. Such an equipment manufacturer 
remains subject to the standards and other requirements of this part. 
However, where a provision requires a specific manufacturer to comply 
with certain provisions, this paragraph (a) does not change or modify 
such a requirement. For example, this paragraph (a) does not allow you 
to rely on another company to certify instead of you if we specifically 
require you to certify.
* * * * *
0
279. Revise Sec.  1060.30 to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.30  Submission of information.

    Unless we specify otherwise, send all reports and requests for 
approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1060.801). See 
Sec.  1060.825 for additional reporting and recordkeeping provisions.
0
280. Amend Sec.  1060.104 by revising paragraph (b)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.104  What running loss emission control requirements apply?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Get an approved Executive Order or other written approval from 
the California Air Resources Board showing that your system meets 
applicable running loss standards in California.
* * * * *
0
281. Amend Sec.  1060.105 by revising paragraphs (c)(1) and (e) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1060.105  What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) They must be self-sealing when detached from the engines. The 
tanks may not vent to the atmosphere when attached to an engine, except 
as allowed under paragraph (c)(2) of this section. An integrated or 
external manually activated device may be included in the fuel tank 
design to temporarily relieve pressure before refueling or connecting 
the fuel tank to the engine. However, the default setting for such a 
vent must be consistent with the requirement in paragraph (c)(2) of 
this section.
* * * * *
    (e) Manufacturers of nonhandheld Small SI equipment may optionally 
meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air 
Resources Board. To meet this requirement, equipment must be certified 
to the performance standards specified in Title 13 CCR Sec.  2754(a) 
based on the applicable requirements specified in CP-902 and TP-902, 
including the

[[Page 28304]]

requirements related to fuel caps in Title 13 CCR Sec.  2756. Equipment 
certified under this paragraph (e) does not need to use fuel lines or 
fuel tanks that have been certified separately. Equipment certified 
under this paragraph (e) are subject to all the referenced requirements 
as if these specifications were mandatory.
* * * * *
0
282. Amend Sec.  1060.120 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.120  What emission-related warranty requirements apply?

* * * * *
    (b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty must be valid 
for at least two years from the date the equipment is sold to the 
ultimate purchaser.
    (c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all 
components whose failure would increase the evaporative emissions, 
including those listed in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I, and those from 
any other system you develop to control emissions. Your emission-
related warranty does not need to cover components whose failure would 
not increase evaporative emissions.
* * * * *
0
283. Amend Sec.  1060.130 by revising paragraph (b)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.130  What installation instructions must I give to equipment 
manufacturers?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) Describe how your certification is limited for any type of 
application. For example:
    (i) For fuel tanks sold without fuel caps, you must specify the 
requirements for the fuel cap, such as the allowable materials, thread 
pattern, how it must seal, etc. You must also include instructions to 
tether the fuel cap as described in Sec.  1060.101(f)(1) if you do not 
sell your fuel tanks with tethered fuel caps. The following 
instructions apply for specifying a certain level of emission control 
for fuel caps that will be installed on your fuel tanks:
    (A) If your testing involves a default emission value for fuel cap 
permeation as specified in Sec.  1060.520(b)(5)(ii)(C), specify in your 
installation instructions that installed fuel caps must either be 
certified with a Family Emission Limit at or below 30 g/m\2\/day, or 
have gaskets made of certain materials meeting the definition of ``low-
permeability material'' in Sec.  1060.801.
    (B) If you certify your fuel tanks based on a fuel cap certified 
with a Family Emission Limit above 30 g/m\2\/day, specify in your 
installation instructions that installed fuel caps must either be 
certified with a Family Emission Limit at or below the level you used 
for certifying your fuel tanks, or have gaskets made of certain 
materials meeting the definition of ``low-permeability material'' in 
Sec.  1060.801.
    (ii) If your fuel lines do not meet permeation standards specified 
in Sec.  1060.102 for EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines, tell equipment 
manufacturers not to install the fuel lines with Large SI engines that 
operate on gasoline or another volatile liquid fuel.
* * * * *
0
284. Amend Sec.  1060.135 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.135  How must I label and identify the engines and equipment 
I produce?

    The labeling requirements of this section apply for all equipment 
manufacturers that are required to certify their equipment or use 
certified fuel-system components. Note that engine manufacturers are 
also considered equipment manufacturers if they install engines in 
equipment. See Sec.  1060.137 for the labeling requirements that apply 
separately for fuel lines, fuel tanks, and other fuel-system 
components.
    (a) At the time of manufacture, you must affix a permanent and 
legible label identifying each engine or piece of equipment. The label 
must be--
    (1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being 
destroyed or defaced.
    (2) Secured to a part of the engine or equipment needed for normal 
operation and not normally requiring replacement.
    (3) Durable and readable for the equipment's entire life.
    (4) Written in English.
    (5) Readily visible in the final installation. It may be under a 
hinged door or other readily opened cover. It may not be hidden by any 
cover attached with screws or any similar designs. Labels on marine 
vessels (except personal watercraft) must be visible from the helm.
    (b) If you hold a certificate under this part for your engine or 
equipment, the engine or equipment label specified in paragraph (a) of 
this section must--
    (1) Include the heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
    (2) Include your corporate name and trademark. You may identify 
another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply 
with the branding provisions of 40 CFR 1068.45.
    (3) State the date of manufacture [MONTH and YEAR] of the 
equipment; however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, 
engrave, or otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the 
equipment, in which case you must also describe in your application for 
certification where you will identify the date on the equipment.
    (4) State: ``THIS [equipment, vehicle, boat, etc.] MEETS U.S. EPA 
EVAP STANDARDS.''
    (5) Identify the emission family on the label using EPA's 
standardized designation or an abbreviated equipment code that you 
establish in your application for certification. Equipment 
manufacturers that also certify their engines with respect to exhaust 
emissions may use the same emission family name for both exhaust and 
evaporative emissions.
* * * * *
0
285. Amend Sec.  1060.137 by revising paragraphs (a)(4) and (c)(1) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1060.137  How must I label and identify the fuel-system 
components I produce?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (4) Fuel caps, as described in this paragraph (a)(4). Fuel caps 
must be labeled if they are separately certified under Sec.  1060.103. 
If the equipment has a diurnal control system that requires the fuel 
tank to hold pressure, identify the part number on the fuel cap.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) Include your corporate name. You may identify another company 
instead of yours if you comply with the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.45.
* * * * *
0
286. Amend Sec.  1060.205 by revising paragraphs (a) and (m) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.205  What must I include in my application?

* * * * *
    (a) Describe the emission family's specifications and other basic 
parameters of the emission controls. Describe how you meet the running 
loss emission control requirements in Sec.  1060.104, if applicable. 
Describe how you meet any applicable equipment-based requirements of 
Sec.  1060.101(e) and (f). State whether you are requesting 
certification for gasoline or some other fuel type. List each 
distinguishable configuration in the emission family. For equipment 
that relies on one or more certified components, identify all the 
certified components and any associated component codes.
* * * * *
    (m) Report all valid test results. Also indicate whether there are 
test results from invalid tests or from any other tests

[[Page 28305]]

of the emission-data unit, whether or not they were conducted according 
to the test procedures of subpart F of this part. We may require you to 
report these additional test results. We may ask you to send other 
information to confirm that your tests were valid under the 
requirements of this part.
* * * * *
0
287. Amend Sec.  1060.225 by revising paragraphs (b), (e), and (g) and 
adding paragraph (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.225  How do I amend my application for certification?

* * * * *
    (b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant 
information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
    (1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the configuration 
you intend to make.
    (2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the 
amended emission family complies with all applicable requirements. You 
may do this by showing that the original emission data are still 
appropriate for showing that the amended family complies with all 
applicable requirements.
    (3) If the original emission data for the emission family are not 
appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified configuration, 
include new test data showing that the new or modified configuration 
meets the requirements of this part.
    (4) Include any other information needed to make your application 
correct and complete.
* * * * *
    (e) The amended application applies starting with the date you 
submit the amended application, as follows:
    (1) For emission families already covered by a certificate of 
conformity, you may start producing a new or modified configuration 
anytime after you send us your amended application and before we make a 
decision under paragraph (d) of this section. However, if we determine 
that the affected configurations do not meet applicable requirements, 
we will notify you to cease production of the configurations and may 
require you to recall the equipment at no expense to the owner. 
Choosing to produce equipment under this paragraph (e) is deemed to be 
consent to recall all equipment that we determine do not meet 
applicable emission standards or other requirements and to remedy the 
nonconformity at no expense to the owner. If you do not provide 
information we request under paragraph (c) of this section within 30 
days after we request it, you must stop producing the new or modified 
equipment.
    (2) If you amend your application to make the amended application 
correct and complete, these changes do not apply retroactively. Also, 
if we determine that your amended application is not correct and 
complete, or otherwise does not conform to the regulation, we will 
notify you and describe how to address the error.
* * * * *
    (g) You may produce equipment or components as described in your 
amended application for certification and consider those equipment or 
components to be in a certified configuration if we approve a new or 
modified configuration during the model year or production period under 
paragraph (d) of this section. Similarly, you may modify in-use 
products as described in your amended application for certification and 
consider those products to be in a certified configuration if we 
approve a new or modified configuration at any time under paragraph (d) 
of this section. Modifying a new or in-use product to be in a certified 
configuration does not violate the tampering prohibition of 40 CFR 
1068.101(b)(1), as long as this does not involve changing to a 
certified configuration with a higher family emission limit.
    (h) Component manufacturers may not change an emission family's FEL 
under any circumstances. Changing the FEL would require submission of a 
new application for certification.
0
288. Amend Sec.  1060.230 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.230  How do I select emission families?

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Type of material (such as type of charcoal used in a carbon 
canister). This criterion does not apply for materials that are 
unrelated to emission control performance.
* * * * *
0
289. Amend Sec.  1060.235 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Redesignating paragraph (a) as (h).
0
c. Redesignating paragraph (b) as paragraph (a) and paragraph (h) as 
paragraph (b);
0
d. Revising paragraphs (d) and (e)(1).
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  1060.235  What testing requirements apply for certification?

* * * * *
    (d) We may perform confirmatory testing by measuring emissions from 
any of your products from the emission family, as follows:
    (1) You must supply your products to us if we choose to perform 
confirmatory testing. We may require you to deliver your test articles 
to a facility we designate for our testing.
    (2) If we measure emissions on one of your products, the results of 
that testing become the official emission results for the emission 
family. Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to 
consider your data in determining if your emission family meets 
applicable requirements.
    (e) * * *
    (1) The emission family from the previous production period differs 
from the current emission family only with respect to production 
period, items identified in Sec.  1060.225(a), or other characteristics 
unrelated to emissions. We may waive this criterion for differences we 
determine not to be relevant.
* * * * *
0
290. Amend Sec.  1060.240 by revising paragraph (e)(2)(i) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.240  How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies 
with evaporative emission standards?

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) You may use the measurement procedures specified by the 
California Air Resources Board in Attachment 1 to TP-902 to show that 
canister working capacity is least 3.6 grams of vapor storage capacity 
per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity (or 1.4 grams of vapor storage 
capacity per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity for fuel tanks used 
in nontrailerable boats).
* * * * *
0
291. Amend Sec.  1060.250 by revising paragraphs (a)(3)(ii) and (b) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1060.250  What records must I keep?

    (a) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (ii) All your emission tests (valid and invalid), including the 
date and purpose of each test and documentation of test parameters 
described in subpart F of this part.
* * * * *
    (b) Keep required data from emission tests and all other 
information specified in this section for eight years after we issue 
your certificate. If you use the same emission data or other 
information for a later model year, the eight-year period restarts with 
each year that you continue to rely on the information.
* * * * *
0
292. Revise Sec.  1060.255 to read as follows:

[[Page 28306]]

Sec.  1060.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of 
conformity?

    (a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the 
emission family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean 
Air Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for the emission 
family for that production period. We may make the approval subject to 
additional conditions.
    (b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine 
that an emission family fails to comply with emission standards or 
other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our 
decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we 
will explain why in writing.
    (c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke 
a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
    (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
    (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing 
anything after submitting an application that causes submitted 
information to be false or incomplete.
    (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
    (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 
1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
    (5) Produce equipment or components for importation into the United 
States at a location where local law prohibits us from carrying out 
authorized activities.
    (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to 
include all equipment or components being produced.
    (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the 
Clean Air Act or this part, with respect to an emission family.
    (d) We may void a certificate of conformity for an emission family 
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as 
required under this part or the Clean Air Act. Note that these are also 
violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
    (e) We may void a certificate of conformity for an emission family 
if we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete 
information. This includes doing anything after submitting an 
application that causes submitted information to be false or 
incomplete.
    (f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a 
certificate of conformity, you may ask for a hearing (see Sec.  
1060.820).
0
293. Amend Sec.  1060.501 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.501  General testing provisions.

* * * * *
    (c) The specification for gasoline to be used for testing is given 
in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) or (c). Use the grade of gasoline specified for 
general testing. For testing specified in this part that requires 
blending gasoline and ethanol, blend this grade of neat gasoline with 
fuel-grade ethanol meeting the specifications of ASTM D4806 
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  1060.810). You do not need to 
measure the ethanol concentration of such blended fuels and may instead 
calculate the blended composition by assuming that the ethanol is pure 
and mixes perfectly with the base fuel. For example, if you mix 10.0 
liters of fuel-grade ethanol with 90.0 liters of gasoline, you may 
assume the resulting mixture is 10.0 percent ethanol. You may use more 
pure or less pure ethanol if you can demonstrate that it will not 
affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 
emission standards. Note that unless we specify otherwise, any 
references to gasoline-ethanol mixtures containing a specified ethanol 
concentration means mixtures meeting the provisions of this paragraph 
(c). The following table summarizes test fuel requirements for the 
procedures specified in this subpart:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Procedure                Reference          Test fuel \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-Emission Fuel Lines.......  Sec.   1060.510..  CE10.
Nonroad Fuel Lines............  Sec.   1060.515..  CE10 \2\.
Cold-Weather Fuel Lines.......  Sec.   1060.515..  Splash-blended E10.
Fuel tank and fuel cap          Sec.   1060.520..  Splash-blended E10;
 permeation.                                        manufacturers may
                                                    instead use CE10.
Diurnal.......................  Sec.   1060.525..  E0.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Pre-mixed gasoline blends are specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b).
  Splash-blended gasoline blends are a mix of neat gasoline specified in
  40 CFR 1065.710(c) and fuel-grade ethanol.
\2\ Different fuel specifications apply for fuel lines tested under 40
  CFR part 1051 for recreational vehicles, as described in 40 CFR
  1051.501.

* * * * *
0
294. Amend Sec.  1060.505 by revising paragraph (c)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.505  Other procedures.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (3) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent 
to the specified procedures, or procedures that are more accurate or 
more precise than the specified procedures. We may perform tests with 
your equipment using either the approved alternate procedures or the 
specified procedures. See 40 CFR 1065.12 for a description of the 
information that is generally required for such alternate procedures.
* * * * *
0
295. Amend Sec.  1060.515 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.515  How do I test EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines and EPA Cold-
Weather Fuel Lines for permeation emissions?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) For EPA Cold-Weather Fuel Lines, use gasoline blended with 
ethanol as described in Sec.  1060.501(c).
* * * * *
0
296. Amend Sec.  1060.520 by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(1), (b)(4), 
(d)(3), (d)(6), (d)(8)(ii), (d)(9), and (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.520  How do I test fuel tanks for permeation emissions?

* * * * *
    (a) Preconditioning durability testing. Take the following steps 
before an emission test, in any order, if your emission control 
technology involves surface treatment or other post-processing 
treatments such as an epoxy coating:
    (1) Pressure cycling. Perform a pressure test by sealing the fuel 
tank and cycling it between +13.8 and -3.4 kPa (+2.0 and -0.5 psig) for 
10,000 cycles at a rate of 60 seconds per cycle. The purpose of this 
test is to represent environmental wall stresses caused by pressure 
changes and other factors (such as vibration or thermal expansion). If 
your fuel tank cannot be tested using the pressure cycles specified by 
this paragraph (a)(1), you may ask to use special test procedures under 
Sec.  1060.505.
    (2) UV exposure. Perform a sunlight-exposure test by exposing the 
fuel tank to an ultraviolet light of at least 24 W/m\2\ (0.40 W-hr/
m\2\/min) on the fuel tank

[[Page 28307]]

surface for at least 450 hours. Alternatively, the fuel tank may be 
exposed to direct natural sunlight for an equivalent period of time as 
long as you ensure that the fuel tank is exposed to at least 450 
daylight hours.
    (3) Slosh testing. Perform a slosh test by filling the fuel tank to 
40-50 percent of its capacity with the fuel specified in paragraph (e) 
of this section and rocking it at a rate of 15 cycles per minute until 
you reach one million total cycles. Use an angle deviation of +15[deg] 
to -15[deg] from level. Take steps to ensure that the fuel remains at 
40-50 percent of its capacity throughout the test run.
    (4) Cap testing. Perform durability cycles on fuel caps intended 
for use with handheld equipment by putting the fuel cap on and taking 
it off 300 times. Tighten the fuel cap each time in a way that 
represents the typical in-use experience.
    (b) * * *
    (1) Fill the fuel tank to its nominal capacity with the fuel 
specified in paragraph (e) of this section, seal it, and allow it to 
soak at 28  5 [deg]C for at least 20 weeks. Alternatively, 
the fuel tank may be soaked for at least 10 weeks at 43 5 [deg]C. You 
may count the time of the preconditioning steps in paragraph (a) of 
this section as part of the preconditioning fuel soak as long as the 
ambient temperature remains within the specified temperature range and 
the fuel tank continues to be at least 40 percent full throughout the 
test; you may add or replace fuel as needed to conduct the specified 
durability procedures. Void the test if you determine that the fuel 
tank has any kind of leak.
* * * * *
    (4) Allow the fuel tank and its contents to equilibrate to the 
temperatures specified in paragraph (d)(7) of this section. Seal the 
fuel tank as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section once the 
fuel temperatures are stabilized at the test temperature. You must seal 
the fuel tank no more than eight hours after refueling. Until the fuel 
tank is sealed, take steps to minimize the vapor losses from the fuel 
tank, such as keeping the fuel cap loose on the fuel inlet or routing 
vapors through a vent hose.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) Carefully place the test tank within a temperature-controlled 
room or enclosure. Do not spill or add any fuel.
* * * * *
    (6) Leave the test tank in the room or enclosure for the duration 
of the test run, except that you may remove the tank for up to 30 
minutes at a time to meet weighing requirements.
* * * * *
    (8) * * *
    (ii) If after ten days of testing your r\2\ value is below 0.95 and 
your measured value is more than 50 percent of the applicable standard, 
continue testing for a total of 20 days or until r\2\ is at or above 
0.95. If r\2\ is not at or above 0.95 within 20 days of testing, 
discontinue the test and precondition the test tank further until it 
has stabilized emission levels, then repeat the testing.
    (9) Record the difference in mass between the reference tank and 
the test tank for each measurement. This value is Mi, where 
i is a counter representing the number of days elapsed. Subtract 
Mi from Mo and divide the difference by the 
internal surface area of the fuel tank. Divide this g/m\2\ value by the 
number of test days (using at least two decimal places) to calculate 
the emission rate in g/m\2\/day. Example: If a fuel tank with an 
internal surface area of 0.720 m\2\ weighed 1.31 grams less than the 
reference tank at the beginning of the test and weighed 9.86 grams less 
than the reference tank after soaking for 10.03 days, the emission rate 
would be--

((-1.31 g)-(-9.86 g))/0.720 m\2\/10.03 days = 1.1839 g/m\2\/day
* * * * *
    (e) Fuel specifications. Use a low-level ethanol-gasoline blend as 
specified in Sec.  1060.501(c). As an alternative, you may use Fuel 
CE10, as described in Sec.  1060.515(a)(1).
* * * * *
0
297. Amend Sec.  1060.525 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1060.525  How do I test fuel systems for diurnal emissions?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) Fill the fuel tank to 40 percent of nominal capacity with the 
gasoline specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) for general testing.
* * * * *
0
298. Amend Sec.  1060.601 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(2) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1060.601  How do the prohibitions of 40 CFR 1068.101 apply with 
respect to the requirements of this part?

    (a) As described in Sec.  1060.1, fuel tanks and fuel lines that 
are used with or intended to be used with new nonroad engines or 
equipment are subject to evaporative emission standards under this part 
1060. This includes portable marine fuel tanks and fuel lines and other 
fuel-system components associated with portable marine fuel tanks. Note 
that Sec.  1060.1 specifies an implementation schedule based on the 
date of manufacture of nonroad equipment, so new fuel tanks and fuel 
lines are not subject to standards under this part 1060 if they will be 
installed for use in equipment built before the specified dates for 
implementing the appropriate standards, subject to the limitations in 
paragraph (b) of this section. Except as specified in paragraph (f) of 
this section, fuel-system components that are subject to permeation or 
diurnal emission standards under this part 1060 must be covered by a 
valid certificate of conformity before being introduced into U.S. 
commerce to avoid violating the prohibition of 40 CFR 1068.101(a). To 
the extent we allow it under the exhaust standard-setting part, fuel-
system components may be certified with a family emission limit higher 
than the specified emission standard.
    (b) * * *
    (2) Applicability of standards after January 1, 2020. Starting 
January 1, 2020, it is presumed that replacement components will be 
used with nonroad engines regulated under this part 1060 if they can 
reasonably be used with such engines. Manufacturers, distributors, 
retailers, and importers are therefore obligated to take reasonable 
steps to ensure that any uncertified components are not used to replace 
certified components. This would require labeling the components and 
may also require restricting the sales and requiring the ultimate 
purchaser to agree to not use the components inappropriately. This 
requirement does not apply for components that are clearly not intended 
for use with fuels.
* * * * *
0
299. Add Sec.  1060.610 to subpart G to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.610  Temporary exemptions for manufacturing and assembling 
equipment and fuel-system components.

    (a) If you are a certificate holder, you may ship components or 
equipment requiring further assembly between two of your facilities, 
subject to the provisions of this paragraph (a). Unless we approve 
otherwise, you must maintain ownership and control of the products 
until they reach their destination. We may allow for shipment where you 
do not maintain actual ownership and control of the engines (such as 
hiring a shipping company to transport the products) but only if you 
demonstrate that the products will be transported only according to 
your specifications. Notify us of your intent to use this exemption in 
your application for certification, if

[[Page 28308]]

applicable. Your exemption is effective when we grant your certificate. 
You may alternatively request an exemption in a separate submission; 
for example, this would be necessary if you will not be the certificate 
holder for the products in question. We may require you to take 
specific steps to ensure that such products are in a certified 
configuration before reaching the ultimate purchaser. Note that since 
this is a temporary exemption, it does not allow you to sell or 
otherwise distribute equipment in an uncertified configuration to 
ultimate purchasers. Note also that the exempted equipment remains new 
and subject to emission standards until its title is transferred to the 
ultimate purchaser or it otherwise ceases to be new.
    (b) If you certify equipment, you may ask us at the time of 
certification for an exemption to allow you to ship your equipment 
without a complete fuel system. We will generally approve this only if 
you can demonstrate that the exemption is necessary and that you will 
take steps to ensure that equipment assembly will be properly completed 
before reaching the ultimate purchaser. We may specify conditions that 
we determine are needed to ensure that shipping the equipment without 
such components will not result in the equipment operating with 
uncertified components or otherwise in an uncertified configuration. 
For example, we may require that you ship the equipment to 
manufacturers that are contractually obligated to install certain 
components. See 40 CFR 1068.261.

Sec.  1060.640  [Removed]

0
300. Remove Sec.  1060.640.
0
301. Amend Sec.  1060.801 by revising the definitions for 
``Configuration'', ``Designated Compliance Officer'', ``Fuel type'', 
``Model year'', ``Placed into service'', ``Portable nonroad fuel 
tank'', and ``Small SI'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Configuration means a unique combination of hardware (material, 
geometry, and size) and calibration within an emission family. Units 
within a single configuration differ only with respect to normal 
production variability or factors unrelated to emissions.
* * * * *
    Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Gasoline Engine 
Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 
Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; complianceinfo@epa.gov.
* * * * *
    Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or 
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, 
such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or low-level ethanol-
gasoline blends.
* * * * *
    Model year means one of the following things:
    (1) For equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under 
paragraph (1) of the definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year 
means one of the following:
    (i) Calendar year of production.
    (ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different 
than the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar 
year for which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 
2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the 
named calendar year.
    (2) For other equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under 
paragraph (2) of the definition of ``new nonroad engine,'' model year 
has the meaning given in the exhaust standard-setting part.
    (3) For other equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under 
paragraph (3) or paragraph (4) of the definition of ``new nonroad 
engine,'' model year means the model year of the engine as defined in 
the exhaust standard-setting part.
* * * * *
    Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended 
purpose. Equipment does not qualify as being ``placed into service'' 
based on incidental use by a manufacturer or dealer.
* * * * *
    Portable nonroad fuel tank means a fuel tank that meets each of the 
following criteria:
    (1) It has design features indicative of use in portable 
applications, such as a carrying handle and fuel line fitting that can 
be readily attached to and detached from a nonroad engine.
    (2) It has a nominal fuel capacity of 12 gallons or less.
    (3) It is designed to supply fuel to an engine while the engine is 
operating.
    (4) It is not used or intended to be used to supply fuel to a 
marine engine. Note that portable tanks excluded from this definition 
of ``portable nonroad fuel tank'' under this paragraph (4) because of 
their use with marine engines are portable marine fuel tanks.
* * * * *
    Small SI means relating to engines that are subject to emission 
standards in 40 CFR part 1054.
* * * * *
0
302. Amend Sec.  1060.810 by:
0
a. Removing and reserving paragraph (d); and
0
b. Revising paragraph (e) introductory text.
    The revision reads read as follows:

Sec.  1060.810  What materials does this part reference?

* * * * *
    (d) [Reserved]
    (e) American Boat and Yacht Council Material. The following 
documents are available from the American Boat and Yacht Council, 613 
Third Street, Suite 10, Annapolis, MD 21403 or (410) 990-4460 or http://abycinc.org/:
* * * * *
0
303. Revise Sec.  1060.815 to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.815  What provisions apply to confidential information?

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider 
confidential.
0
304. Revise Sec.  1060.825 to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.825  What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply 
under this part?

    (a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record 
data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required 
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available 
for eight years after you send an associated application for 
certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do 
not support an application for certification. We may request these 
records at any time. You must promptly give us organized, written 
records in English if we ask for them. This applies whether or not you 
rely on someone else to keep records on your behalf. We may require you 
to submit written records in an electronic format.
    (b) The regulations in Sec.  1045.255, 40 CFR 1068.25, and 40 CFR 
1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete 
information. This includes information not related to certification. 
Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify 
violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal 
penalties.
    (c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated 
Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1060.801).
    (d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive 
from

[[Page 28309]]

another company is deemed to be a required record under this section. 
Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may require 
you to send us these records whether or not you are a certificate 
holder.
    (e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the 
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and 
recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations. The following 
items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for 
products regulated under this part:
    (1) We specify the following requirements related to component and 
equipment certification in this part 1060:
    (i) In Sec.  1060.20 we give an overview of principles for 
reporting information.
    (ii) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of 
information required to certify engines.
    (ii) In Sec.  1060.301 we require manufacturers to make components, 
engines, or equipment available for our testing if we make such a 
request, and to keep records related to evaluation of production 
samples for verifying that the products are as specified in the 
certificate of conformity.
    (iv) In Sec.  1060.505 we specify information needs for 
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
    (2) We specify the following requirements related to the general 
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good 
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
    (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to 
sending and keeping information.
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make equipment 
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep 
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
    (v) [Reserved]
    (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting 
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval 
related to various exemptions.
    (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting 
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval 
related to importing equipment.
    (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records 
related to testing production-line products in a selective enforcement 
audit.
    (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to 
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
    (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records 
related to recalling nonconforming equipment.
    (xi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G, we specify certain records for 
requesting a hearing.

PART 1065--ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
305. The authority statement for part 1065 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
306. Amend Sec.  1065.1 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (g) For additional information regarding these test procedures, 
visit our website at www.epa.gov, and in particular https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-fuel-emissions-testing/engine-testing-regulations.
* * * * *
0
307. Amend Sec.  1065.130 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.130  Engine exhaust.

* * * * *
    (e) Leaks. Minimize leaks sufficiently to ensure your ability to 
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards. We recommend 
performing a carbon balance error verification as described in Sec.  
1065.543 to verify exhaust system integrity.
* * * * *
0
308. Amend Sec.  1065.140 by revising paragraphs (c)(6)(i) and (e)(2) 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.140  Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (i) Preventing aqueous condensation. To prevent condensation, you 
must keep the temperature of internal surfaces, excluding any sample 
probes, above the dewpoint of the dilute exhaust passing through the 
CVS tunnel. Use good engineering judgment to monitor temperatures in 
the CVS. For the purposes of this paragraph (c)(6), assume that aqueous 
condensation is pure water condensate only, even though the definition 
of ``aqueous condensation'' in Sec.  1065.1001 includes condensation of 
any constituents that contain water. No specific verification check is 
required under this paragraph (c)(6)(i), but we may ask you to show how 
you comply with this requirement. You may use engineering analysis, CVS 
tunnel design, alarm systems, measurements of wall temperatures, and 
calculation of water dewpoint to demonstrate compliance with this 
requirement. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the lowest 
water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the 
minimum internal surface temperature.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) For any PM dilution system (i.e., CVS or PFD), add dilution air 
to the raw exhaust such that the minimum overall ratio of diluted 
exhaust to raw exhaust is within the range of (5:1 to 7:1) and is at 
least 2:1 for any primary dilution stage. Base this minimum value on 
the maximum engine exhaust flow rate for a given test interval. For 
discrete mode testing, base the minimum value on the maximum engine 
exhaust flow rate for a given duty-cycle. Either measure the maximum 
exhaust flow during a practice run of the test interval or estimate it 
based on good engineering judgment (for example, you might rely on 
manufacturer-published literature).
* * * * *
0
309. Amend Sec.  1065.145 by revising paragraph (e)(3)(i) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.145  Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling 
system components.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) If you use a NOX sample pump upstream of either an 
NO2-to-NO converter that meets Sec.  1065.378 or a chiller 
that meets Sec.  1065.376, design the sampling system to prevent 
aqueous condensation.
* * * * *
0
310. Amend Sec.  1065.170 by revising the introductory text and 
paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.170  Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.

    Batch sampling involves collecting and storing emissions for later 
analysis. Examples of batch sampling include collecting and storing 
gaseous emissions in a bag or collecting and storing PM on a filter. 
You may use batch sampling to store emissions that have been diluted at 
least once in some way, such as with CVS, PFD, or BMD. You may use 
batch-sampling to store undiluted emissions. You may stop emission 
sampling anytime the engine is turned off, consistent with good 
engineering judgment. This is intended to allow for higher 
concentrations of dilute exhaust gases and more accurate measurements.

[[Page 28310]]

Take steps to account for exhaust transport delay in the sampling 
system and be sure to integrate over the actual sampling duration when 
determining ndexh. Use good engineering judgement to add 
additional dilution air, as needed, to fill bags up to minimum read 
volumes.
    (a) * * *
    (1) Verify proportional sampling after an emission test as 
described in Sec.  1065.545. You may exclude segments where the bag is 
not being filled from the proportional sampling verification. Use good 
engineering judgment to select storage media that will not 
significantly change measured emission levels (either up or down). For 
example, do not use sample bags for storing emissions if the bags are 
permeable with respect to emissions or if they off gas emissions to the 
extent that it affects your ability to demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable gaseous emission standards. As another example, do not use 
PM filters that irreversibly absorb or adsorb gases to the extent that 
it affects your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 
PM emission standard.
* * * * *
0
311. Revise Sec.  1065.205 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.205  Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

    Your test system as a whole must meet all the calibrations, 
verifications, and test-validation criteria specified outside this 
section for laboratory testing or field testing, as applicable. We 
recommend that your instruments meet the specifications in this section 
for all ranges you use for testing. We also recommend that you keep any 
documentation you receive from instrument manufacturers showing that 
your instruments meet the specifications in the following table:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[[Page 28311]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.076

[[Page 28312]]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
0
312. Amend Sec.  1065.220 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.220  Fuel flow meter.

    (a) Application. You may use fuel flow meters in combination with a 
chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and raw exhaust to calculate 
raw exhaust flow as described in Sec.  1065.655(f), and to determine 
the mass of carbon-carrying fuel streams input to the carbon balance 
error verification in Sec.  1065.543 as follows:
    (1) Use the actual value of calculated raw exhaust flow rate in the 
following cases:
    (i) For multiplying raw exhaust flow rate with continuously sampled 
concentrations.
    (ii) For multiplying total raw exhaust flow with batch-sampled 
concentrations.
    (iii) For calculating the dilution air flow for background 
correction as described in Sec.  1065.667.
    (2) In the following cases, you may use a fuel flow meter signal 
that does not give the actual value of raw exhaust, as long as it is 
linearly proportional to the exhaust molar flow rate's actual 
calculated value:
    (i) For feedback control of a proportional sampling system, such as 
a partial-flow dilution system.
    (ii) For multiplying with continuously sampled gas concentrations, 
if the same signal is used in a chemical-balance calculation to 
determine work from brake-specific fuel consumption and fuel consumed.
    (3) You may use fuel flow meters to calculate the mass of carbon-
carrying fuel streams as described in Sec.  1065.643.
* * * * *
0
313. Amend Sec.  1065.225 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.225  Intake-air flow meter.

    (a) Application. You may use intake-air flow meters in combination 
with a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and exhaust to 
calculate raw exhaust flow as described in Sec.  1065.655(f) and (g), 
and to determine the measured amount of intake air input to the carbon 
balance error verification described in Sec.  1065.543 as follows:
    (1) Use the actual value of calculated raw exhaust in the following 
cases:
    (i) For multiplying raw exhaust flow rate with continuously sampled 
concentrations.
    (ii) For multiplying total raw exhaust flow with batch-sampled 
concentrations.
    (iii) For verifying minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling as 
described in Sec.  1065.546.
    (iv) For calculating the dilution air flow for background 
correction as described in Sec.  1065.667.
    (2) In the following cases, you may use an intake-air flow meter 
signal that does not give the actual value of raw exhaust, as long as 
it is linearly proportional to the exhaust flow rate's actual 
calculated value:
    (i) For feedback control of a proportional sampling system, such as 
a partial-flow dilution system.
    (ii) For multiplying with continuously sampled gas concentrations, 
if the same signal is used in a chemical-balance calculation to 
determine work from brake-specific fuel consumption and fuel consumed.
    (3) You may use intake-air flow meters to calculate 
nint, the measured amount of intake air as described in 
Sec.  1065.643.
* * * * *
0
314. Amend Sec.  1065.247 by revising paragraph (c)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.247  Diesel exhaust fluid flow rate.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Account for any fluid that bypasses the diesel exhaust fluid 
dosing unit or returns from the dosing unit to the fluid storage tank.
* * * * *
0
315. Amend Sec.  1065.260 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.260  Flame-ionization detector.

* * * * *
    (e) NMHC and NMOG. For demonstrating compliance with NMHC 
standards, you may either measure THC and determine NMHC mass as 
described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(1), or you may measure THC and 
CH4 and determine NMHC as described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2) 
or (3). For some gaseous-fueled engines, you may also use the additive 
method in Sec.  1065.660(b)(4). See 40 CFR 1066.635 for methods to 
demonstrate compliance with NMOG standards for vehicle testing.
* * * * *
0
316. Amend Sec.  1065.266 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.266  Fourier transform infrared analyzer.

    (a) Application. For engines that run only on natural gas, you may 
use a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer to measure nonmethane 
hydrocarbon (NMHC) and nonmethane-nonethane hydrocarbon (NMNEHC) for 
continuous sampling. You may use an FTIR analyzer with any gaseous-
fueled engine, including dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines, to 
measure CH4 and C2H6, for either batch 
or continuous sampling (for subtraction from THC).
    (b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use an FTIR 
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205. 
Note that your FTIR-based system must meet the linearity verification 
in Sec.  1065.307. Use appropriate analytical procedures for 
interpretation of infrared spectra. For example, EPA Test Method 320 
(see https://www.epa.gov/emc/method-320-vapor-phase-organic-and-inorganic-emissions-extractive-ftir) and ASTM D6348 (incorporated by 
reference in Sec.  1065.1010) are considered valid methods for spectral 
interpretation. You must use heated FTIR analyzers that maintain all 
surfaces that are exposed to emissions at a temperature of (110 to 202) 
[deg]C.
* * * * *
0
317. Amend Sec.  1065.275 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.275  N2O measurement devices.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer. Use appropriate 
analytical procedures for interpretation of infrared spectra. For 
example, EPA Test Method 320 (see Sec.  1065.266(b)) and ASTM D6348 
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010) are considered valid 
methods for spectral interpretation.
* * * * *
0
318. Amend Sec.  1065.280 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.280  Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O2 detection 
analyzers.

    (a) Application. You may use a paramagnetic detection (PMD) or 
magnetopneumatic detection (MPD) analyzer to measure O2 
concentration in raw or diluted exhaust for batch or continuous 
sampling. You may use good engineering judgment to develop calculations 
that use O2 measurements with a chemical balance of fuel, 
DEF, inlet intake air, and exhaust to calculate exhaust flow rate.
* * * * *
0
319. Revise Sec.  1065.303 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.303  Summary of required calibration and verifications.

    The following table summarizes the required and recommended 
calibrations and verifications described in this subpart and indicates 
when these have to be performed:

[[Page 28313]]

     Table 1 of Sec.   1065.303--Summary of Required Calibration and
                              Verifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Type of calibration or verification         Minimum frequency \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   1065.305: Accuracy,               Accuracy: Not required, but
 repeatability and noise.                 recommended for initial
                                          installation.
                                         Repeatability: Not required,
                                          but recommended for initial
                                          installation.
                                         Noise: Not required, but
                                          recommended for initial
                                          installation.
Sec.   1065.307: Linearity verification  Speed: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Torque: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Electrical power, current, and
                                          voltage: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.\b\
                                         Fuel mass flow rate: Upon
                                          initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         Fuel mass scale: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
                                         DEF mass flow rate: Upon
                                          initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.\c\
                                         DEF mass scale: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
                                         Intake-air, dilution air,
                                          diluted exhaust, and batch
                                          sampler flow rates: Upon
                                          initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing and
                                          after major maintenance.\d\
                                         Raw exhaust flow rate: Upon
                                          initial installation, within
                                          185 days before testing and
                                          after major maintenance.\d\
                                         Gas dividers: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
                                         Gas analyzers (unless otherwise
                                          noted): Upon initial
                                          installation, within 35 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         FTIR and photoacoustic
                                          analyzers: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         GC-ECD: Upon initial
                                          installation and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         PM balance: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Pressure, temperature, and
                                          dewpoint: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
Sec.   1065.308: Continuous gas          Upon initial installation or
 analyzer system response and updating-   after system modification that
 recording verification--for gas          would affect response.
 analyzers not continuously compensated
 for other gas species.
Sec.   1065.309: Continuous gas          Upon initial installation or
 analyzer system-response and updating-   after system modification that
 recording verification--for gas          would affect response.
 analyzers continuously compensated for
 other gas species.
Sec.   1065.310: Torque................  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.315: Pressure, temperature,  Upon initial installation and
 dewpoint.                                after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.320: Fuel flow.............  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.325: Intake flow...........  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.330: Exhaust flow..........  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.340: Diluted exhaust flow    Upon initial installation and
 (CVS).                                   after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.341: CVS and PFD flow        CVS and PFD used for sampling
 verification (propane check).            gaseous emissions: Upon
                                          initial installation, within
                                          35 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.\e\
Sec.   1065.342 Sample dryer             For thermal chillers: upon
 verification.                            installation and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         For osmotic membranes; upon
                                          installation, within 35 days
                                          of testing, and after major
                                          maintenance.
Sec.   1065.345: Vacuum leak...........  For laboratory testing: upon
                                          initial installation of the
                                          sampling system, within 8
                                          hours before the start of the
                                          first test interval of each
                                          duty-cycle sequence, and after
                                          maintenance such as pre-filter
                                          changes.
                                         For field testing: after each
                                          installation of the sampling
                                          system on the vehicle, prior
                                          to the start of the field
                                          test, and after maintenance
                                          such as pre-filter changes.
Sec.   1065.350: CO2 NDIR H2O            Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.355: CO NDIR CO2 and H2O     Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.360: FID calibration THC     Calibrate all FID analyzers:
 FID optimization, and THC FID            upon initial installation and
 verification.                            after major maintenance.
                                         Optimize and determine CH4
                                          response for THC FID
                                          analyzers:upon initial
                                          installation and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Verify CH4 response for THC FID
                                          analyzers: upon initial
                                          installation, within 185 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
                                         Verify C2H6 response for THC
                                          FID analyzers if used for
                                          NMNEHC determination: upon
                                          initial installation, within
                                          185 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.362: Raw exhaust FID O2      For all FID analyzers: upon
 interference.                            initial installation, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         For THC FID analyzers: upon
                                          initial installation, after
                                          major maintenance, and after
                                          FID optimization according to
                                          Sec.   1065.360.

[[Page 28314]]

 
Sec.   1065.365: Nonmethane cutter       Upon initial installation,
 penetration.                             within 185 days before
                                          testing, and after major
                                          maintenance.
Sec.   1065.366: Interference            Upon initial installation and
 verification for FTIR analyzers.         after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.369: H2O, CO, and CO2        Upon initial installation and
 interference verification for ethanol    after major maintenance.
 photoacoustic analyzers.
Sec.   1065.370: CLD CO2 and H2O quench  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.372: NDUV HC and H2O         Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.375: N2O analyzer            Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.376: Chiller NO2             Upon initial installation and
 penetration.                             after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.378: NO2-to-NO converter     Upon initial installation,
 conversion.                              within 35 days before testing,
                                          and after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.390: PM balance and          Independent verification: upon
 weighing.                                initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         Zero, span, and reference
                                          sample verifications: within
                                          12 hours of weighing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.395: Inertial PM balance     Independent verification: upon
 and weighing.                            initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         Other verifications: upon
                                          initial installation and after
                                          major maintenance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently than we
  specify, according to measurement system manufacturer instructions and
  good engineering judgment.
\b\ Perform linearity verification either for electrical power or for
  current and voltage.
\c\ The linearity verification is not required if DEF flow rate from the
  ECM is used as described in Sec.   1065.247(b).
\d\ The linearity verification is not required if the accuracy of the
  flow signal is verified by a propane check as described in Sec.
  1065.341 or by a carbon balance error verification as described in
  Sec.   1065.307(e)(5).
\e\ The CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check) is not required
  for measurement systems that are verified by a carbon balance error
  verification as described in Sec.   1065.341(h).

0
320. Amend Sec.  1065.307 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (c)(13), (d)(4), (d)(6), (d)(7), (d)(9), (e)(3), 
(e)(5), (e)(7)(i);
0
b. In paragraph (e)(8)(ii)(B) removing Table 1 to Sec.  1065.307; and
0
c. Adding paragraphs (f) and (g).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.307  Linearity verification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (13) Use the arithmetic means, y; and reference values, 
yrefi, to calculate least-squares linear regression 
parameters and statistical values to compare to the minimum performance 
criteria specified in Table 1 of this section. Use the calculations for 
a floating intercept described in Sec.  1065.602. Using good 
engineering judgment, you may weight the results of individual data 
pairs (i.e., (yrefi, yi)), in the linear 
regression calculations.
    (d) * * *
    (4) Fuel or DEF mass flow rate. Use a gravimetric reference 
measurement (such as a scale, balance, or mass comparator) and a 
container. Use a stopwatch or timer to measure the time intervals over 
which reference masses of fluid pass through the mass flow meter. Use 
good engineering judgement to correct the reference mass that flowed 
through the mass flow meter for buoyancy effects including any tubes, 
temperature probes, or objects submerged in the fluid in the container 
and not attached to the container. If the container has any tubes or 
wires connected to the container, recalibrate the gravimetric reference 
measurement device with them connected and at normal operating pressure 
using calibration weights that meet the requirements in Sec.  1065.790. 
The corrected reference mass that flowed through the mass flow meter 
divided by the time interval is the average reference mass flow rate. 
For meters that report a different quantity (such as actual volume, 
standard volume, or mole), convert the reported quantity to mass. For 
meters that report cumulative mass (or other quantity), calculate the 
average measured mass flow rate as the difference in the reported 
cumulative mass from the beginning to the end of the time interval 
divided by the time interval. For gaseous fuel flow meters, prevent 
condensation on the fuel container and any tubes, fittings, or 
regulators attached to the fuel container.
* * * * *
    (6) Gas division. Use one of the two reference signals:
    (i) At the outlet of the gas-division system, connect a gas 
analyzer that meets the linearity verification described in this 
section and has not been linearized with the gas divider being 
verified. For example, verify the linearity of an analyzer using a 
series of reference analytical gases directly from compressed gas 
cylinders that meet the specifications of Sec.  1065.750. We recommend 
using a FID analyzer or a PMD or MPD O2 analyzer because of 
their inherent linearity. Operate this analyzer consistent with how you 
would operate it during an emission test. Connect a span gas containing 
only a single constituent of interest with balance of purified air or 
nitrogen to the gas-divider inlet. Use the gas-division system to 
divide the span gas with purified air or nitrogen. Select gas divisions 
that you typically use. Use a selected gas division as the measured 
value. Use the analyzer response divided by the span gas concentration 
as the reference gas-division value. Because the instrument response is 
not absolutely constant, sample and record values of xrefi 
for 30 seconds and use the arithmetic mean of the values, 
xref, as the reference value. Refer to Sec.  1065.602 for an 
example of calculating arithmetic mean.
    (ii) Using good engineering judgment and the gas divider 
manufacturer's recommendations, use one or more reference flow meters 
to measure the flow rates of the gas divider and verify the gas-
division value.
    (7) Continuous constituent concentration. For reference values, use 
a series of gas cylinders of known gas concentration containing only a 
single constituent of interest with balance of purified air or nitrogen 
or use a gas-division system that is known to be linear with a span 
gas. Gas cylinders, gas-division systems, and span gases

[[Page 28315]]

that you use for reference values must meet the specifications of Sec.  
1065.750.
* * * * *
    (9) Mass. For linearity verification for gravimetric PM balances 
and fuel mass scales, and DEF mass scales, use external calibration 
weights that meet the requirements in Sec.  1065.790. Perform the 
linearity verification for fuel and DEF mass scales with the in-use 
container and all objects that interface with the container installed. 
Include all tubes, temperature probes, and objects submerged in the 
fluid in the container and all tubes, fittings, regulators, and wires, 
etc. attached to the container. If the container is vented to ambient, 
fill the container and tubes with fluid above the minimum level used to 
trigger a fill operation; drain the fluid down to the minimum level; 
tare the scale; and perform the linearity verification. If the 
container is rigid and not vented, drain the fluid down to the minimum 
level; fill all tubes attached to the container to normal operating 
pressure; tare the scale; and perform the linearity verification. We 
recommend that you use good engineering judgement to develop and apply 
appropriate buoyancy corrections for the configuration of your mass 
scale during normal testing. During the linearity verification, 
configure this buoyancy correction to account for the fact that the 
scale is weighing a calibration weight instead of fluid. You may 
develop corrections in your mass scales for the effect of natural 
convection currents generated by temperature differences between the 
fluid container and ambient air.
    (e) * * *
    (3) The expression ``max'' generally refers to the absolute value 
of the reference value used during linearity verification that is 
furthest from zero. This is the value used to scale the first and third 
tolerances in Table 1 of this section using a0 and SEE. For 
example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure 
transducer vary from -10 to -1 kPa, then pmax is +10 kPa. If 
the reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from 
290 to 390 K, then Tmax is 390 K. For gas dividers where 
``max'' is expressed as, xmax/xspan; 
xmax is the maximum gas concentration used during the 
verification, xspan is the undivided, undiluted, span gas 
concentration, and the resulting ratio is the maximum divider point 
reference value used during the verification (typically 1). The 
following are special cases where ``max'' refers to a different value:
    (i) For linearity verification of a PM balance, mmax is 
the typical mass of a PM filter.
    (ii) For linearity verification of a torque measurement system used 
to determine the engine's primary output shaft, Tmax is the 
manufacturer's specified engine torque peak value of the lowest torque 
engine expected during testing.
    (iii) For linearity verification of a fuel mass scale, 
mmax is determined based on the range of engines and test 
interval durations expected during testing. It is the minimum, over all 
engines expected during testing, of the fuel consumption expected over 
the minimum test interval duration at the engine's maximum fuel rate. 
If the minimum test interval duration used during testing does not 
change with engine power or if the minimum test interval duration used 
during testing increases with engine power, mmax is given by 
Eq. 1065.307-1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.077

Where:

mmax,fuel = the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel 
rate on the lowest power engine expected during testing.
tmin = the minimum test interval duration expected during 
testing. If the minimum test interval duration used during testing 
decreases with engine power, evaluate Eq. 1065.307-1 for the range 
of engines expected during testing and use the minimum 
mmax,fuel scale.

    (iv) For linearity verification of a DEF mass scale, 
mmax is 10% of mmax for a fuel mass scale, as 
determined in paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of this section. For purposes of 
determining mmax for a DEF mass scale, you may evaluate 
mmax for a fuel mass scale based only on the DEF-using 
engines expected during testing.
    (v) For linearity verification of a fuel flow rate meter, 
mmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel rate of 
the lowest power engine expected during testing.
    (vi) For linearity verification of a DEF flow rate meter, 
mmax is 10% of the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel 
rate of the lowest power, DEF-using, engine expected during testing.
    (vii) For linearity verification of an intake-air flow rate meter, 
nmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum intake-air flow 
rate (converted to molar flow rate) of the lowest power engine expected 
during testing.
    (viii) For linearity verification of a raw exhaust flow rate meter, 
nmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum exhaust flow 
rate (converted to molar flow rate) of the lowest power engine expected 
during testing.
    (ix) For linearity verification of an electrical power measurement 
system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque, 
Pmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum power of the 
lowest power engine expected during testing.
    (x) For linearity verification of an electrical current measurement 
system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque, 
Imax is the maximum current expected on the lowest power 
engine expected during testing.
    (xi) For linearity verification of an electrical voltage 
measurement system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft 
torque, Vmax is the minimum peak voltage expected on the 
range of engines expected during testing.
* * * * *
    (5) Table 2 of this section lists the flow measurement systems that 
have optional verifications to the linearity verification. If you 
substitute the propane check verification described in Sec.  1065.341, 
it must be performed at the frequency specified in Table 1 of Sec.  
1065.303. If you substitute the carbon balance verification described 
in Sec.  1065.543, it must be performed on all test sequences that use 
the corresponding system and it must meet the restrictions listed in 
Table 2 of this section. You may evaluate the carbon balance 
verification multiple ways with different inputs to validate multiple 
flow measurement systems.
* * * * *
    (7) * * *
    (i) The following temperature measurements always require linearity 
verification:
    (A) Air intake.
    (B) Aftertreatment bed(s), for engines tested with aftertreatment 
devices subject to cold-start testing.
    (C) Dilution air for gaseous and PM sampling, including CVS, 
double-dilution, and partial-flow systems.
    (D) PM sample.
    (E) Chiller sample, for gaseous sampling systems that use thermal 
chillers to dry samples and use chiller temperature to calculate the 
dewpoint at the outlet of the chiller. For your testing, if you choose 
to use a high alarm temperature setpoint for the chiller temperature as 
a constant value in determining the amount of water removed from the 
emission sample, you may use good engineering judgment to verify the 
accuracy of the high alarm temperature setpoint instead of linearity 
verification on the chiller temperature.

[[Page 28316]]

To verify that the alarm trip point value is no less than 2.0 [deg]C 
below the reference value at the trip point, we recommend that you 
input a reference simulated temperature signal below the alarm trip 
point and increase this signal until the high alarm trips.
    (F) Transmission oil.
    (G) Axle gear oil.
* * * * *
    (f) Table 1 follows:

                                   Table 1 of Sec.   1065.307--Measurement Systems That Require Linearity Verification
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                   Linearity criteria
                                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Measurement system                   Quantity         [verbarlm]xmin(a1-1)+a0[verbarlm]
                                                                                                        a1                  SEE                r\2\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed...............................  fn.....................  <=0.05%[middot]fnmax.............       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]fnmax.....         >=0.990
Torque..............................  T......................  <=1%[middot]Tmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]Tmax......         >=0.990
Electrical power....................  P......................  <=1%[middot]Pmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]Pmax......         >=0.990
Current.............................  I......................  <=1%[middot]Imax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]Imax......         >=0.990
Voltage.............................  U......................  <=1%[middot]Umax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]Umax......         >=0.990
Fuel flow rate......................  m......................  <=1%[middot]mmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]mmax......         >=0.990
Fuel mass scale.....................  m......................  <=0.3%[middot]mmax...............     0.996-1.004  <=0.4%[middot]mmax....         >=0.999
DEF flow rate.......................  m......................  <=1%[middot]mmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]mmax......        >= 0.990
DEF mass scale......................  m......................  <=0.3%[middot]mmax...............     0.996-1.004  <=0.4%[middot]mmax....         >=0.999
Intake-air flow rate \a\............  n......................  <=1%[middot]nmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]nmax......        >= 0.990
Dilution air flow rate \a\..........  n......................  <=1%[middot]nmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]nmax......         >=0.990
Diluted exhaust flow rate \a\.......  n......................  <=1%[middot]nmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]nmax......         >=0.990
Raw exhaust flow rate \a\...........  n......................  <=1%[middot]nmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]nmax......         >=0.990
Batch sampler flow rates \a\........  n......................  <=1%[middot]nmax.................       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot]nmax......         >=0.990
Gas dividers........................  x/xspan................  <=0.5%[middot] xmax/xspan........       0.98-1.02  <=2%[middot] xmax/             >=0.990
                                                                                                                   xspan.
Gas analyzers for laboratory testing  x......................  <=0.5%[middot]xmax...............       0.99-1.01  <=1%[middot]xmax......         >=0.998
Gas analyzers for field testing.....  x......................  <=1%[middot]xmax.................       0.99-1.01  <=1%[middot]xmax......         >=0.998
PM balance..........................  m......................  <=1%[middot]mmax.................       0.99-1.01  <=1%[middot]mmax......         >=0.998
Pressures...........................  p......................  <=1%[middot]pmax.................       0.99-1.01  <=1%[middot]pmax......         >=0.998
Dewpoint for intake air, PM-          Tdew...................  <=0.5%[middot]Tdewmax............       0.99-1.01  <=0.5%[middot]Tdewmax.         >=0.998
 stabilization and balance
 environments.
Other dewpoint measurements.........  Tdew...................  <=1%[middot]Tdewmax..............       0.99-1.01  <=1%[middot]Tdewmax...         >=0.998
Analog-to-digital conversion of       T......................  <=1%[middot]Tmax.................       0.99-1.01  <=1%[middot]Tmax......        >= 0.998
 temperature signals.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ For flow meters that determine volumetric flow rate, Vstd, you may substitute Vstd for n as the quantity and substitute Vstdmax for nmax.

    (g) Table 2 follows:

                   Table 2 of Sec.   1065.307--Optional Verification to Linearity Verification
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Measurement system               1065.341              1065.543             Restrictions for 1065.543
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intake-air flow rate............  Yes.................  Yes.................  Intake-air flow rate signal must
                                                                               be used to compute raw exhaust
                                                                               flow rate. Mass of CO2 over each
                                                                               test interval input into Eq.
                                                                               1065.643-6 must be determined
                                                                               from samples taken from the raw
                                                                               exhaust (continuous or bag, and
                                                                               with or without a PFD).
Dilution air flow rate for CVS..  Yes.................  No..................  Not allowed.
Diluted exhaust flow rate for     Yes.................  Yes.................  Mass of CO2 over each test
 CVS.                                                                          interval input into Eq. 1065.643-
                                                                               6 must be determined from samples
                                                                               taken from the CVS (continuous or
                                                                               bag, and with or without a PFD).
Raw exhaust flow rate for         Yes.................  Yes.................  Mass of CO2 over each test
 exhaust stack.                                                                interval input into Eq. 1065.643-
                                                                               6 must be determined from samples
                                                                               taken from the raw exhaust
                                                                               (continuous or bag, and with or
                                                                               without a PFD).
Flow measurements in a PFD        Yes.................  Yes.................  Mass of CO2 over each test
 (usually dilution air and                                                     interval input into Eq. 1065.643-
 diluted exhaust streams) used                                                 6 must be determined from samples
 to determine the dilution ratio                                               taken from the PFD (continuous or
 in the PFD.                                                                   bag).
Batch sampler flow rates........  Yes.................  No..................  Not allowed.
Fuel mass flow rate.............  No..................  Yes.................  Mass of one of the carbon-carrying
                                                                               fluid streams input into Eq.
                                                                               1065.643-1 must be determined
                                                                               from the fuel mass flow rate
                                                                               meter.
Fuel mass scale.................  No..................  Yes.................  Mass of one of the carbon-carrying
                                                                               fluid streams input into Eq.
                                                                               1065.643-1 must be determined
                                                                               from the fuel mass scale.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28317]]

0
321. Amend Sec.  1065.309 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.309  Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-
recording verification--for gas analyzers continuously compensated for 
other gas species.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Equipment setup. We recommend using minimal lengths of gas 
transfer lines between all connections and fast-acting three-way valves 
(2 inlets, 1 outlet) to control the flow of zero and blended span gases 
to the sample system's probe inlet or a tee near the outlet of the 
probe. If you inject the gas at a tee near the outlet of the probe, you 
may correct the transformation time, t50, for an estimate of 
the transport time from the probe inlet to the tee. Normally the gas 
flow rate is higher than the sample flow rate and the excess is 
overflowed out the inlet of the probe. If the gas flow rate is lower 
than the sample flow rate, the gas concentrations must be adjusted to 
account for the dilution from ambient air drawn into the probe. We 
recommend you use the final, stabilized analyzer reading as the final 
gas concentration. Select span gases for the species being continuously 
combined, other than H2O. Select concentrations of 
compensating species that will yield concentrations of these species at 
the analyzer inlet that covers the range of concentrations expected 
during testing. You may use binary or multi-gas span gases. You may use 
a gas blending or mixing device to blend span gases. A gas blending or 
mixing device is recommended when blending span gases diluted in 
N2 with span gases diluted in air. You may use a multi-gas 
span gas, such as NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-
CH4, to verify multiple analyzers at the same time. In 
designing your experimental setup, avoid pressure pulsations due to 
stopping the flow through the gas blending device. The change in gas 
concentration must be at least 20% of the analyzer's range. If 
H2O correction is applicable, then span gases must be 
humidified before entering the analyzer; however, you may not humidify 
NO2 span gas by passing it through a sealed humidification 
vessel that contains water. You must humidify NO2 span gas 
with another moist gas stream. We recommend humidifying your NO-CO-
CO2-C3H8-CH4, balance 
N2 blended gas by flowing the gas mixture through a sealed 
vessel that humidifies the gas by bubbling it through distilled water 
and then mixing the gas with dry NO2 gas, balance purified 
air or by using a device that injects distilled water as vapor into a 
controlled span gas flow. If your system does not use a sample dryer to 
remove water from the sample gas, you must humidify your span gas to 
the highest sample H2O content that you estimate during 
emission sampling. If your system uses a sample dryer during testing, 
it must pass the sample dryer verification check in Sec.  1065.342, and 
you must humidify your span gas to an H2O content greater 
than or equal to the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2). If you 
are humidifying span gases without NO2, use good engineering 
judgment to ensure that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, 
fittings, and valves from the humidifying system to the probe are above 
the dewpoint required for the target H2O content. If you are 
humidifying span gases with NO2, use good engineering 
judgment to ensure that there is no condensation in the transfer lines, 
fittings, or valves from the point where humidified gas is mixed with 
NO2 span gas to the probe. We recommend that you design your 
setup so that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, 
and valves from the humidifying system to the probe are at least 5 
[deg]C above the local sample gas dewpoint. Operate the measurement and 
sample handling system as you do for emission testing. Make no 
modifications to the sample handling system to reduce the risk of 
condensation. Flow humidified gas through the sampling system before 
this check to allow stabilization of the measurement system's sampling 
handling system to occur, as it would for an emission test.
* * * * *
0
322. Amend Sec.  1065.315 by revising paragraph (a)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.315  Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration.

    (a) * * *
    (3) Dewpoint. We recommend a minimum of three different 
temperature-equilibrated and temperature-monitored calibration salt 
solutions in containers that seal completely around the dewpoint 
sensor. We recommend using calibration reference quantities that are 
NIST-traceable within 0.5% RH uncertainty.
* * * * *

Sec.  1065.320  [Revised]

0
323. Amend Sec.  1065.320 by removing and reserving paragraph (b).
0
324. Amend Sec.  1065.341 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading;
0
b. Adding introductory text;
0
c. Revising paragraph (a) introductory text and paragraph (g); and
0
d. Adding paragraph (h).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.341  CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check).

    This section describes two methods, using propane as a tracer gas, 
to verify CVS and PFD flow streams. The first method is written for the 
CVS diluted exhaust flow measurement system. It may be applied to 
other, single-flow, measurement systems as described in Table 2 of 
Sec.  1065.307. You may substitute a C3H8 
analytical gas mixture (i.e., a prediluted tracer gas) for pure 
C3H8 to apply this method to lower flow rates. 
The analytical gas mixture must meet the specifications in Sec.  
1065.750(a)(3). The method described in paragraph (g) of this section 
may be used to verify the flow measurements in a PFD that are used to 
determine the dilution ratio in the PFD (usually dilution air and 
diluted exhaust streams), as it is difficult to scale this method down 
to the flow rates in a typical PFD using pure propane. You may use good 
engineering judgment and safe practices to use other tracer gases, such 
as CO2 or CO.
    (a) A failed propane check might indicate one or more problems that 
may require corrective action, as follows:
* * * * *
    (g) You may verify the flow measurements in a PFD (usually dilution 
air and diluted exhaust streams) used to determine the dilution ratio 
in the PFD using the following method:
    (1) Configure the HC sampling system to extract a sample from the 
diluted exhaust stream of the PFD (such as near the location of a PM 
filter). If the absolute pressure at this location is too low to 
extract an HC sample, you may sample HC from the PFD system's pump 
exhaust. Use caution when sampling from pump exhaust because an 
otherwise acceptable pump leak downstream of a PFD diluted exhaust flow 
meter will cause a false failure of the propane check.
    (2) Perform the propane check described in paragraphs (c), (d), and 
(e) of this section, but sample HC from the diluted exhaust stream of 
the PFD. Inject the propane in the same exhaust stream that the PFD is 
sampling from (either CVS or raw exhaust stack).
    (3) Calculate C3H8 mass, taking into account 
the dilution from the PFD.
    (4) Subtract the reference C3H8 mass from the 
calculated mass. If this difference is within 2% of the 
reference mass, the the flow measurements in a PFD (usually dilution 
air and diluted exhaust streams) used to determine the dilution ratio 
in the PFD all pass this verification. If not, take corrective action

[[Page 28318]]

as described in paragraph (a) of this section. For PFDs sampling for PM 
only, the allowed difference is 5%.
    (h) Table 2 of Sec.  1065.307 lists the flow measurement systems 
that have optional verifications to the linearity verification. The 
allowances for substituting the carbon balance verification for the 
linearity verification may also be used to substitute for any required 
propane checks.
0
325. Amend Sec.  1065.342 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.342  Sample dryer verification.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Humidify room air, N2, or purified air by bubbling 
it through distilled water in a sealed vessel or use a device that 
injects distilled water as vapor into a controlled gas flow to humidify 
the gas to the highest sample water content that you estimate during 
emission sampling.
* * * * *
0
326. Amend Sec.  1065.350 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.350  H2O interference verification for CO2 NDIR analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling zero gas that meets 
the specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled H2O 
in a sealed vessel or use a device that injects distilled water as 
vapor into a controlled gas flow. If the sample is not passed through a 
dryer during emission testing, control the vessel temperature to 
generate an H2O level at least as high as the maximum 
expected during emission testing. If the sample is passed through a 
dryer during emission testing, control the vessel temperature to 
generate an H2O level at least as high as the level 
determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer.
* * * * *
0
327. Amend Sec.  1065.355 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.355  H2O and CO2 interference verification for CO NDIR 
analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Create a humidified CO2 test gas by bubbling a 
CO2 span gas that meets the specifications in Sec.  1065.750 
through distilled H2O in a sealed vessel or use a device 
that injects distilled water as vapor into a controlled gas flow. If 
the sample is not passed through a dryer during emission testing, 
control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O level at 
least as high as the maximum expected during emission testing. If the 
sample is passed through a dryer during emission testing, control the 
vessel temperature to generate an H2O level at least as high 
as the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use a 
CO2 span gas concentration at least as high as the maximum 
expected during testing.
* * * * *
0
328. Amend Sec.  1065.360 by adding paragraphs (a)(4) and (d)(12) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.360  FID optimization and verification.

    (a) * * *
    (4) For any gaseous-fueled engine, including dual-fuel and 
flexible-fuel engines, you may determine the methane (CH4) 
and ethane (C2H6) response factors as a function 
of the molar water concentration in the raw or diluted exhaust. 
Generate and verify the humidity level (or fraction) as described in 
Sec.  1065.365(d)(12).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (12) To determine the response factor as a function of exhaust 
molar water concentration, humidify the CH4 span gas and 
repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(7) through (9) of this section until 
measurements are complete for each setpoint in the selected range. For 
each measurement, divide the mean measured concentration by the 
recorded span concentration of the CH4 calibration gas, 
adjusted for water content. The result is the FID analyzer's response 
factor for CH4, RFCH4[THC-FID]. Use these 
CH4 response factors to determine the response factor based 
on the exhaust molar water concentration, downstream of the last sample 
dryer if any sample dryers are present, during the emission test and 
use this response factor to account for the CH4 response for 
NMHC determination described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)(iii).
* * * * *
0
329. Amend Sec.  1065.365 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (a), paragraph (d) introductory text, and 
paragraph (d)(9);
0
b. Adding paragraphs (d)(10) through (12); and
0
c. Revising paragraphs (f)(9) and (14).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.365  Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions.

    (a) Scope and frequency. If you use a FID analyzer and a nonmethane 
cutter (NMC) to measure methane (CH4), determine the 
nonmethane cutter's penetration fractions of CH4, 
PFCH4, and ethane (C2H6), 
PFC2H6. As detailed in this section, these penetration 
fractions may be determined as a combination of NMC penetration 
fractions and FID analyzer response factors, depending on your 
particular NMC and FID analyzer configuration. Perform this 
verification after installing the nonmethane cutter. Repeat this 
verification within 185 days of testing to verify that the catalytic 
activity of the cutter has not deteriorated. Note that because 
nonmethane cutters can deteriorate rapidly and without warning if they 
are operated outside of certain ranges of gas concentrations and 
outside of certain temperature ranges, good engineering judgment may 
dictate that you determine a nonmethane cutter's penetration fractions 
more frequently.
* * * * *
    (d) Procedure for a FID calibrated with the NMC. The method 
described in this paragraph (d) is recommended over the procedures 
specified in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section. If your FID 
arrangement is such that a FID is always calibrated to measure 
CH4 with the NMC, then span that FID with the NMC using a 
CH4 span gas, set the product of that FID's CH4 
response factor and CH4 penetration fraction, 
RFPFCH4[NMC-FID], equal to 1.0 for all emission 
calculations, and determine its combined C2H6 
response factor and penetration fraction, RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] 
as follows. For any gaseous-fueled engine, including dual-fuel and 
flexible-fuel engines, you must determine the CH4 
penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID] and 
C2H6 response factor and 
C2H6 penetration fraction, 
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] as a function of the molar water 
concentration in the raw or diluted exhaust. Generate and verify the 
humidity generation as described in Sec.  1065.365(d)(12). When using 
this option, note that the FID's CH4 penetration fraction, 
PFCH4[NMC-FID], is set equal to 1.0 only for 0% molar water 
concentration. You are not required to meet the recommended lower limit 
for PFCH4 of greater than 0.85 for any of the penetration 
fractions generated as a function of molar water concentration.
* * * * *
    (9) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration by the 
reference concentration of C2H6, converted to a 
C1 basis. The result is the C2H6 
combined response factor and penetration fraction, 
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use this combined 
C2H6 response factor and 
C2H6 penetration fraction and the product of the 
CH4 response factor and CH4 penetration fraction, 
RFPFCH4[NMC-FID], set to 1.0 in emission calculations 
according to Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)(i), Sec.  1065.660(d)(1)(i), or Sec.  
1065.665, as applicable.

[[Page 28319]]

    (10) To determine the combined C2H6 response 
factor and C2H6 penetration fraction as a 
function of exhaust molar water concentration, humidify the 
C2H6 analytical gas mixture as described in 
paragraph (d)(12) of this section. Repeat the steps in paragraphs 
(d)(6) through (8) of this section until measurements are complete for 
each setpoint in the selected range. For each measurement, divide the 
mean C2H6 concentration by the reference 
concentration of C2H6, converted to a 
C1-basis and adjusted for water content. The result is the 
combined C2H6 response factor and 
C2H6 penetration fraction, 
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use these combined 
C2H6 response factors and 
C2H6 penetration fractions to determine the 
combined response factor and penetration fraction based on the exhaust 
molar water concentration, downstream of the last sample dryer if any 
sample dryers are present, during the emission test and use this 
combined response factor and penetration fraction to account for 
C2H6 response factor and penetration fraction for 
NMHC and CH4 determination as described in Sec.  
1065.660(b)(2)(iii) and (d)(1)(iii).
    (11) To determine the CH4 penetration fraction as a 
function of exhaust molar water concentration, repeat the steps in 
paragraphs (d)(6) through (10) of this section, but with the 
CH4 analytical gas mixture instead of 
C2H6. The result will be the CH4 
penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID] based on the exhaust 
molar water concentration during the emission test. Use this 
penetration fraction for NMHC and CH4 determination as 
described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)(iii) and (d)(1)(iii).
    (12) For wet methane analyzers generate at least five different 
water concentrations that cover the range from minimum expected water 
concentration to greater than the maximum expected water during 
testing. Use good engineering judgement to determine the target 
concentrations. Dry gas can be one of these points. For dry methane 
analyzers, determine the methane penetration fraction by humidifying 
the sample to a level higher than the sample dryer outlet humidity and 
measure a single wet penetration fraction of the dehumidified sample. 
Heat all transfer lines from the water generation system to a 
temperature 5 [deg]C higher than the highest dewpoint generated. Use at 
least 30 second averages of measured water concentration in paragraphs 
(d)(12)(i) and (ii)(B) of this section to determine the water content 
of the sample stream at the same time you determine the response factor 
and penetration fraction. Validate the water generation system using 
one of the following methods:
    (i) Monitor humidified sample stream with a dewpoint analyzer, 
relative humidity sensor, FTIR, NDIR, or other water analyzer during 
the test.
    (ii) If the humidity generator utilizes controlled flow rates of 
gas and/or liquids to generate the humidity levels, validate the 
instrument within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance 
by using one of the following options:
    (A) Determine the linearity of each flow metering device. Using 
good engineering judgment and the gas divider manufacturer's 
recommendations, use one or more reference flow meters to measure the 
flow rates of the gas divider and verify the gas-division value. This 
method should utilize at least 10 flow rates for each flow metering 
device.
    (B) Monitor the humidified stream with a dewpoint analyzer, 
relative humidity sensor, FTIR, NDIR, or other water analyzer. Generate 
at least five different water concentrations that cover the range from 
minimum expected water concentration to greater than the maximum 
expected water during testing. Compare the measured humidity versus the 
calculated generated humidity. Verify overall linearity performance for 
the generated humidity by following Sec.  1065.307 or confirm all 
measured values are within  2% of the generated mole 
fraction. If dry gas is used it must be measured within 0.002 mole 
fraction.
    (C) If the humidity generator did not meet the requirements of 
paragraphs (d)(12)(ii)(A) or (B) of this section, follow the 
performance requirements in Sec.  1065.307(b).
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (9) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration by the 
reference concentration of C2H6, converted to a 
C1 basis. The result is the combined 
C2H6 response factor and 
C2H6 penetration fraction, 
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use this combined 
C2H6 response factor and 
C2H6 penetration fraction according to Sec.  
1065.660(b)(2)(iii), Sec.  1065.660(d)(1)(iii), or Sec.  1065.665, as 
applicable.
* * * * *
    (14) Divide the mean CH4 concentration measured through 
the nonmethane cutter by the mean CH4 concentration measured 
after bypassing the nonmethane cutter. The result is the CH4 
penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID]. Use this 
CH4 penetration fraction according to Sec.  
1065.660(b)(2)(iii), Sec.  1065.660(d)(1)(iii), or Sec.  1065.665, as 
applicable.
0
330. Amend Sec.  1065.370 by revising paragraph (e)(5) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.370  CLD CO2 and H2O quench verification.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (5) Humidify the NO span gas using a humidity generator. If the 
humidified NO span gas sample does not pass through a sample dryer for 
this verification test, control the humidity generator so that it 
generates an H2O level approximately equal to the maximum 
mole fraction of H2O expected during emission testing. If 
the humidified NO span gas sample does not pass through a sample dryer, 
the quench verification calculations in Sec.  1065.675 scale the 
measured H2O quench to the highest mole fraction of 
H2O expected during emission testing. If the humidified NO 
span gas sample passes through a dryer for this verification test, 
control the humidity generator so that it generates an H2O 
level at least as high as the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2). 
For this case, the quench verification calculations in Sec.  1065.675 
do not scale the measured H2O quench.
* * * * *
0
331. Amend Sec.  1065.375 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.375  Interference verification for N2O analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling a multi component span 
gas that incorporates the target interference species and meets the 
specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled H2O in a 
sealed vessel or use a device that injects distilled water as vapor 
into a controlled gas flow. If the sample is not passed through a dryer 
during emission testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an 
H2O level at least as high as the maximum expected during 
emission testing. If the sample is passed through a dryer during 
emission testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an 
H2O level at least as high as the level determined in Sec.  
1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use interference span gas concentrations 
that are at least as high as the maximum expected during testing.
* * * * *
0
332. Amend Sec.  1065.410 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.410  Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.

* * * * *
    (d) You may repair a test engine as needed for defective parts that 
are unrelated to emission control. You must ask us to approve repairs 
that might affect the engine's emission controls. If

[[Page 28320]]

we determine that a part failure, system malfunction, or associated 
repairs have made the engine's emission controls unrepresentative of 
production engines, you may no longer use it as an emission-data 
engine. Also, if your test engine has a major mechanical failure that 
requires you to take it apart, you may no longer use it as an emission-
data engine.
0
333. Amend Sec.  1065.510 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text, 
and paragraphs (b)(5)(i) and (f)(4)(i) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.510  Engine mapping.

    (a) Applicability, scope, and frequency. An engine map is a data 
set that consists of a series of paired data points that represent the 
maximum brake torque versus engine speed, measured at the engine's 
primary output shaft. Map your engine if the standard-setting part 
requires engine mapping to generate a duty cycle for your engine 
configuration. Map your engine while it is connected to a dynamometer 
or other device that can absorb work output from the engine's primary 
output shaft according to Sec.  1065.110. Configure any auxiliary work 
inputs and outputs such as hybrid, turbo-compounding, or thermoelectric 
systems to represent their in-use configurations, and use the same 
configuration for emission testing. See Figure 1 of Sec.  1065.210. 
This may involve configuring initial states of charge and rates and 
times of auxiliary-work inputs and outputs. We recommend that you 
contact the Designated Compliance Officer before testing to determine 
how you should configure any auxiliary-work inputs and outputs. Use the 
most recent engine map to transform a normalized duty cycle from the 
standard-setting part to a reference duty cycle specific to your 
engine. Normalized duty cycles are specified in the standard-setting 
part. You may update an engine map at any time by repeating the engine-
mapping procedure. You must map or re-map an engine before a test if 
any of the following apply:
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) Perform one of the following:
    (i) For any engine subject only to steady-state duty cycles, you 
may perform an engine map by using discrete speeds. Select at least 20 
evenly spaced setpoints from 95% of warm idle speed to the highest 
speed above maximum power at which 50% of maximum power occurs. We 
refer to this 50% speed as the check point speed as described in 
paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section. At each setpoint, stabilize 
speed and allow torque to stabilize. We recommend that you stabilize an 
engine for at least 15 seconds at each setpoint and record the mean 
feedback speed and torque of the last (4 to 6) seconds. Record the mean 
speed and torque at each setpoint. Use linear interpolation to 
determine intermediate speeds and torques. Use this series of speeds 
and torques to generate the power map as described in paragraph (e) of 
this section.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (4) Required declared torques. If a nonzero idle or minimum torque 
is representative of in-use operation, you must declare the appropriate 
torque as follows:
    (i) For variable-speed engines, declare a warm idle torque that is 
representative of in-use operation. For example, if your engine is 
typically connected to an automatic transmission or a hydrostatic 
transmission, declare the torque that occurs at the idle speed at which 
your engine operates when the transmission is engaged. Use this value 
for cycle generation. You may use multiple warm idle torques and 
associated idle speeds in cycle generation for representative testing. 
For example, for cycles that start the engine and begin with idle, you 
may start a cycle in idle with the transmission in neutral with zero 
torque and later switch to a different idle with the transmission in 
drive with the Curb-Idle Transmission Torque (CITT). For variable-speed 
engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an 
automatic transmission where that engine is subject to a transient duty 
cycle with idle operation, you must declare a CITT. You must specify a 
CITT based on typical applications at the mean of the range of idle 
speeds you specify at stabilized temperature conditions. You may also 
specify CITT as a function of idle speed in cases where you have an 
adjustable warm idle or enhanced idle.
* * * * *
0
334. Amend Sec.  1065.512 by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1065.512  Duty cycle generation.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Engine speed for variable-speed engines. For variable-speed 
engines, normalized speed may be expressed as a percentage between warm 
idle speed, fnidle, and maximum test speed, 
fntest, or speed may be expressed by referring to a defined 
speed by name, such as ``warm idle,'' ``intermediate speed,'' or ``A,'' 
``B,'' or ``C'' speed. Section 1065.610 describes how to transform 
these normalized values into a sequence of reference speeds, 
fnref. Running duty cycles with negative or small normalized 
speed values near warm idle speed may cause low-speed idle governors to 
activate and the engine torque to exceed the reference torque even 
though the operator demand is at a minimum. In such cases, we recommend 
controlling the dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the 
reference torque instead of the reference speed and let the engine 
govern the speed. Note that the cycle-validation criteria in Sec.  
1065.514 allow an engine to govern itself. This allowance permits you 
to test engines with enhanced-idle devices and to simulate the effects 
of transmissions such as automatic transmissions. For example, an 
enhanced-idle device might be an idle speed value that is normally 
commanded only under cold-start conditions to quickly warm up the 
engine and aftertreatment devices. In this case, negative and very low 
normalized speeds will generate reference speeds below this higher 
enhanced idle speed. When using enhanced-idle devices you may do one of 
the following:
    (i) Control the dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the 
reference torque, controlling the operator demand so it gives priority 
to follow reference speed and let the engine govern the speed when the 
operator demand is at minimum.
    (ii) While running an engine that broadcasts enhanced-idle speed, 
use that broadcast speed as the reference speed whenever the 
denormalized speed is below that broadcast value. Note the special 
torque denormalization in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. When 
performing duty-cycle validation, use these new reference points.
    (2) Engine torque for variable-speed engines. For variable-speed 
engines, normalized torque is expressed as a percentage of the mapped 
torque at the corresponding reference speed. Section 1065.610 describes 
how to transform normalized torques into a sequence of reference 
torques, Tref. Section 1065.610 also describes special 
requirements for modifying transient duty cycles for variable-speed 
engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an 
automatic transmission. Section 1065.610 also describes under what 
conditions you may command Tref greater than the reference 
torque you calculated from a normalized duty cycle. This provision 
permits you to command Tref values that are limited by a 
declared minimum torque. For any negative torque commands, command 
minimum operator demand and use the dynamometer to control engine speed 
to

[[Page 28321]]

the reference speed, but if reference speed is so low that the idle 
governor activates, we recommend using the dynamometer to control 
torque to zero, CITT, or a declared minimum torque as appropriate. Note 
that you may omit power and torque points during motoring from the 
cycle-validation criteria in Sec.  1065.514. Also, use the maximum 
mapped torque at the minimum mapped speed as the maximum torque for any 
reference speed at or below the minimum mapped speed. If you use the 
provision in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section do not alter the 
denormalized reference torque.
* * * * *
0
335. Amend Sec.  1065.514 by revising paragraph (e) introductory text 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.514  Cycle-validation criteria for operation over specified 
duty cycles.

* * * * *
    (e) Statistical parameters. Use the remaining points to calculate 
regression statistics for a floating intercept described in Sec.  
1065.602. Round calculated regression statistics to the same number of 
significant digits as the criteria to which they are compared. Refer to 
Table 2 of Sec.  1065.514 for the default criteria and refer to the 
standard-setting part to determine if there are other criteria for your 
engine. Calculate the following regression statistics:
* * * * *
0
336. Amend Sec.  1065.530 by revising paragraph (a)(2)(iii) and adding 
paragraph (g)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.530  Emission test sequence.

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) For testing that involves hot-stabilized emission 
measurements, bring the engine either to warm idle or the first 
operating point of the duty cycle. Start the test within 10 min of 
achieving temperature stability. Determine temperature stability based 
on measured operating temperature staying within 2% of the 
mean value for at least 2 min based on the following parameters:
    (A) Engine coolant or block or head absolute temperatures for 
water-cooled engines. You may also determine temperature stability as 
the point at which the engine thermostat controls engine temperature.
    (B) Oil sump absolute temperature for air-cooled engines with an 
oil sump.
    (C) Cylinder head absolute temperature or exhaust gas temperature 
for air-cooled engines with no oil sump.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (5) If carbon balance error verification is required or if you 
choose to perform the verification, verify carbon balance error as 
required by the standard-setting part and as described in Sec.  
1065.543. For all test intervals, calculate and report the three test-
interval carbon balance error quantities; carbon mass absolute error 
for a test interval ([epsi]aC), carbon mass rate absolute 
error for a test interval ([epsi]aCrate), and carbon mass 
relative error for a test interval ([epsi]rC). For multi-
test-interval duty cycles, you may instead calculate and report the 
composite carbon mass relative error for multiple-test-interval duty 
cycles ([epsi]rCcomp) instead of the test-interval carbon 
balance error quantities. If you choose to use the multi-test-interval 
option, you must still calculate and report the results for the three 
test-interval options.
* * * * *
0
337. Add Sec.  1065.543 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.543  Carbon balance error verification.

    (a) A carbon balance error verification compares independent 
assessments of the flow of carbon through the system (engine plus 
aftertreatment). The carbon flow out of the system, as determined by 
the exhaust emissions calculations, is compared to the carbon flow of 
all the streams flowing into the system (fuels, fluids (e.g., DEF), and 
intake-air). Note that this verification is not valid when exhaust 
molar flow rate is calculated using fuel rate and chemical balance as 
described in Sec.  1065.655(f)(3) because the flows of carbon into and 
out of the system are not independent. The following is a partial list 
of possible causes for failing a carbon balance error verification and 
recommended corrective actions:
    (1) Problems with the gas analyzer system:
    (i) Incorrect analyzer calibration. Perform a calibration of the 
NDIR and/or THC analyzers.
    (ii) Incorrect time alignment between flow and concentration data. 
Determine transformation time, t50, for continuous gas 
analyzers and time-align flow and concentration data as described in 
Sec.  1065.650(c)(2)(i).
    (iii) Problems with the sample system. Inspect the sample system 
components such as sample lines, filters, chillers, and pumps for 
leaks, operating temperature, and contamination.
    (2) Problems with fuel flow measurement:
    (i) Zero shift of fuel flow rate meter. Perform an in-situ zero 
adjustment.
    (ii) Change in fuel flow meter calibration. Perform a calibration 
of the fuel flow meter as described in Sec.  1065.320.
    (iii) Incorrect time alignment of fuel flow data. Time align fuel 
flow data to ensure that fuel flow data from transitions between test 
intervals is not included when integrating the fuel mass over a test 
interval.
    (iv) Short sampling periods. For test intervals that are allowed to 
vary in duration, such as discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles, 
extend the test interval duration to improve accuracy when measuring 
low fuel flow rates.
    (v) Fluctuations in the fuel conditioning system. Improve the 
stability of the fuel temperature and pressure conditioning system to 
improve accuracy when measuring low fuel flows.
    (3) Dilute testing using a CVS system:
    (i) Leaks. Inspect exhaust system and CVS tunnel, connections, and 
fasteners and repair or replace components. A leak in the exhaust 
transfer tube to the CVS will drive your carbon balance error negative.
    (ii) Poor mixing. Perform the verification described in Sec.  
1065.341(a)(3) to look for and correct poor mixing.
    (iii) Change in CVS calibration. Perform a calibration of the CVS 
flow meter as described in Sec.  1065.340.
    (iv) Flow meter entrance effects. Inspect the CVS tunnel to 
determine whether the entrance effects from the piping configuration 
upstream of the flow meter adversely affect the flow measurement.
    (v) Other problems with the CVS or sampling verification hardware 
or software. Inspect the CVS system, CVS verification hardware, and 
software for discrepancies.
    (4) Raw testing using intake air flow measurement or direct exhaust 
flow measurement:
    (i) Leaks. Inspect the intake air system and exhaust system, 
connections, fasteners, and repair or replace components.
    (ii) Zero shift of intake air flow rate meter. Perform an in-situ 
zero adjustment.
    (iii) Change in intake air flow meter calibration. Perform a 
calibration of the intake air flow meter as described in Sec.  
1065.325.
    (iv) Zero shift of exhaust flow rate meter. Perform an in-situ zero 
adjustment.
    (v) Change in exhaust flow meter calibration. Perform a calibration 
of the exhaust flow meter as described in Sec.  1065.330.
    (vi) Flow meter entrance effects. Inspect the intake air system and 
the exhaust system to determine whether the entrance effects from the 
piping configuration upstream and downstream

[[Page 28322]]

of the intake air flow meter or the exhaust flow meter adversely affect 
the flow measurement.
    (v) Other problems with the intake air flow and exhaust flow 
measurement hardware or software. Inspect the intake air flow and 
exhaust flow measurement hardware or software for discrepancies.
    (b) Perform the carbon balance error verification as follows:
    (1) Carbon balance error verification takes place during the post 
emission sampling portion of the emission test sequence as described in 
Sec.  1065.530(g). Your test must include measurements of the following 
to verify carbon balance error: Fuel flow, flow of all other carbon-
carrying fluids into the system, flows required to determine intake air 
flow, and the amount of carbon containing gaseous emissions.
    (2) The calculations for determining carbon balance error are 
described in Sec.  1065.643. There are four different carbon balance 
error quantities: Carbon mass absolute error for a test interval 
([epsi]aC), carbon mass rate absolute error for a test 
interval ([epsi]aCrate), carbon mass relative error for a 
test interval ([epsi]rC), and composite carbon mass relative 
error for multiple-test-interval duty cycles ([epsi]rCcomp). 
If you choose to verify carbon balance error, verify as follows:
    (i) For all test intervals, determine [epsi]aC, 
[epsi]aCrate, and [epsi]rC.
    (ii) For all duty cycles, verify using one of the following two 
methods:
    (A) For all test intervals, verify that at least one of the three 
carbon balance error quantities for test intervals 
([epsi]aC, [epsi]aCrate, or [epsi]rC) 
meets its applicable limit specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this 
section.
    (B) For multiple-test-interval duty cycles, you may instead verify 
that [epsi]rCcomp is within (0.000  0.020).
    (3) The following are the limits for the three carbon balance error 
quantities for test intervals:
    (i) [epsi]aC must be within (0.000  
L[epsi]aC) g, where the carbon mass absolute error limit, 
L[epsi]aC, is determined using Eq. 1065.543-1, in units of 
grams and expressed to at least four decimal places.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.078

Where:

c = power-specific carbon mass absolute error coefficient = 0.007 g/
kW.
Pmax = maximum power from the engine map generated 
according to Sec.  1065.510. If a measured.
Pmax is not available, use a manufacturer-declared value 
for Pmax.

Example:

c = 0.007 g/kW
Pmax = 230.0 kW
L[epsi]aC = 0.0007 [middot] 23.00 = 1.6100 g

    (ii) [epsi]aCrate must be within (0.000  
L[epsi]aCrate) g/hr, where the carbon mass rate absolute 
error limit, L[epsi]aCrate, is determined using Eq. 
1065.543-2, in units of grams per hour and expressed to at least three 
decimal places.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.079

Where:

d = power-specific carbon mass rate absolute error coefficient = 
0.31 g/(kW[middot]hr).
Pmax = maximum power from the engine map generated 
according to Sec.  1065.510. If a measured.
Pmax is not available, use a manufacturer-declared value 
for Pmax.

Example:

d = 0.31 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Pmax = 230.0 kW
L[epsi]aCrate = 0.31[middot]2300 = 71.3 g/hr

    (iii) [epsi]rC must be within (0.000  
0.020).
0
338. Amend Sec.  1065.545 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.545  Verification of proportional flow control for batch 
sampling.

* * * * *
    (a) For any pair of flow rates, use recorded sample and total flow 
rates, where total flow rate means the raw exhaust flow rate for raw 
exhaust sampling and the dilute exhaust flow rate for CVS sampling, or 
their 1 Hz means with the statistical calculations in Sec.  1065.602 
forcing the intercept through zero. Determine the standard error of the 
estimate, SEE, of the sample flow rate versus the total flow rate. For 
each test interval, demonstrate that SEE was less than or equal to 3.5% 
of the mean sample flow rate.
* * * * *
0
339. Revise Sec.  1065.602 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.602  Statistics.

    (a) Overview. This section contains equations and example 
calculations for statistics that are specified in this part. In this 
section we use the letter ``y'' to denote a generic measured quantity, 
the superscript over-bar ``- '' to denote an arithmetic 
mean, and the subscript ``ref'' to denote the reference 
quantity being measured.
    (b) Arithmetic mean. Calculate an arithmetic mean,y, as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.080
    
Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.081

y = 11.20

    (c) Standard deviation. Calculate the standard deviation for a non-
biased (e.g., N-1) sample, as follows:

[[Page 28323]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.082

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
y = 11.20
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.083

[sigma]y= 0.6619

    (d) Root mean square. Calculate a root mean square, 
rmsy, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.084

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.085

rmsy = 11.21

    (e) Accuracy. Determine accuracy as described in this paragraph 
(e). Make multiple measurements of a standard quantity to create a set 
of observed values, yi, and compare each observed value to 
the known value of the standard quantity. The standard quantity may 
have a single known value, such as a gas standard, or a set of known 
values of negligible range, such as a known applied pressure produced 
by a calibration device during repeated applications. The known value 
of the standard quantity is represented by yrefi. 
If you use a standard quantity with a single value, 
yrefi would be constant. Calculate an accuracy 
value as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.086

Example:

yref = 1800.0
N = 3
y1 = 1806.4
y2 = 1803.1
y3 = 1798.9
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.087

[[Page 28324]]

    (f) t-test. Determine if your data passes a t-test by using the 
following equations and tables:
    (1) For an unpaired t-test, calculate the t statistic and its 
number of degrees of freedom, v, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.088

Example:

yref = 1205.3
y = 1123.8
[sigma]ref = 9.399
[sigma]y = 10.583
Nref = 11
N = 7
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.089

t = 16.63
[sigma]ref = 9.399
[sigma]y = 10.583
Nref = 11
N = 7
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.090

V = 11.76

    (2) For a paired t-test, calculate the t statistic and its number 
of degrees of freedom, v, as follows, noting that the 
[epsi]iare the errors (e.g., differences) between each pair 
of yrefi and yi:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.091

Example:

E = -0.12580
N = 16
[sigma]e = 0.04837
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.092

t = 10.403
v = N-1

Example:

    N = 16
    v = 16-1
    v = 15

    (3) Use Table 1 of this section to compare t to the 
tcrit values tabulated versus the number of degrees of 
freedom. If t is less than tcrit, then t passes the t-test. 
The Microsoft Excel software has a TINV function that returns results 
equivalent results and may be used in place of Table 1, which follows:

 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.602--Critical t Values Versus Number of Degrees
                             of Freedom,v a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Confidence
                    v                    -------------------------------
                                                90%             95%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................           6.314          12.706
2.......................................           2.920           4.303
3.......................................           2.353           3.182
4.......................................           2.132           2.776
5.......................................           2.015           2.571
6.......................................           1.943           2.447
7.......................................           1.895           2.365
8.......................................           1.860           2.306
9.......................................           1.833           2.262

[[Page 28325]]

 
10......................................           1.812           2.228
11......................................           1.796           2.201
12......................................           1.782           2.179
13......................................           1.771           2.160
14......................................           1.761           2.145
15......................................           1.753           2.131
16......................................           1.746           2.120
18......................................           1.734           2.101
20......................................           1.725           2.086
22......................................           1.717           2.074
24......................................           1.711           2.064
26......................................           1.706           2.056
28......................................           1.701           2.048
30......................................           1.697           2.042
35......................................           1.690           2.030
40......................................           1.684           2.021
50......................................           1.676           2.009
70......................................           1.667           1.994
100.....................................           1.660           1.984
1000+...................................           1.645           1.960
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use linear interpolation to establish values not shown here.

    (g) F-test. Calculate the F statistic as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.093
    
    (1) For a 90% confidence F-test, use the following table to compare 
F to the Fcrit90 values tabulated versus (N-1) and 
(Nref-1). If F is less than Fcrit90, then F 
passes the F-test at 90% confidence.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[[Page 28326]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.094

    (2) For a 95% confidence F-test, use the following table to compare 
F to the Fcrit95 values tabulated versus (N-1) and 
(Nref -1). If F is less than Fcrit95, then F 
passes the F-test at 95% confidence.

[[Page 28327]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.096

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
    (h) Slope. Calculate a least-squares regression slope, 
a1y, using one of the following two methods:
    (1) If the intercept floats, i.e., is not forced through zero:

[[Page 28328]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.098

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
y = 1050.1
yref1 = 2045.0
yref = 1055.3
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.099

a1y = 1.0110

    (2) If the intercept is forced through zero, e.g., for verifying 
proportional sampling:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.100

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
yref1 = 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.101

    a1y = 1.0110

    (i) Intercept. If the intercept floats, i.e., is not forced through 
zero, calculate a least-squares regression intercept, a0y, 
as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.102

Example:

y = 1050.1
a1y = 1.0110
yref = 1055.3
a0y = 1050.1-(1.0110 [middot] 1055.3)
a0y = -16.8083

    (j) Standard estimate of error. Calculate a standard estimate of 
error, SEE, using one of the following two methods:
    (1) If the intercept floats, i.e., is not forced through zero:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.103
    

[[Page 28329]]

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a0y = -16.8083
a1y = 1.0110
yref1 = 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.104

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a1y = 1.0110
yref1 = 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.105

SEEy = 5.347

    (k) Coefficient of determination. Calculate a coefficient of 
determination, ry2, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.106

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a0y = -16.8083
a1y = 1.0110
yref1 = 2045.0
y = 1480.5
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.107

ry2 = 0.9859

    (l) Flow-weighted mean concentration. In some sections of this 
part, you may need to calculate a flow-weighted mean concentration to 
determine the applicability of certain provisions. A flow-weighted mean 
is the mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a 
corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas concentration is 
measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow-
weighted mean concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded 
concentration times its respective exhaust molar flow rate, divided by 
the sum of the recorded flow rate values. As another example, the bag 
concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted mean 
concentration because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag

[[Page 28330]]

concentration. You might already expect a certain flow-weighted mean 
concentration of an emission at its standard based on previous testing 
with similar engines or testing with similar equipment and instruments. 
If you need to estimate your expected flow-weighted mean concentration 
of an emission at its standard, we recommend using the following 
examples as a guide for how to estimate the flow-weighted mean 
concentration expected at the standard. Note that these examples are 
not exact and that they contain assumptions that are not always valid. 
Use good engineering judgment to determine if you can use similar 
assumptions.
    (1) To estimate the flow-weighted mean raw exhaust NOX 
concentration from a turbocharged heavy-duty compression-ignition 
engine at a NOX standard of 2.5 g/(kW[middot]hr), you may do 
the following:
    (i) Based on your engine design, approximate a map of maximum 
torque versus speed and use it with the applicable normalized duty 
cycle in the standard-setting part to generate a reference duty cycle 
as described in Sec.  1065.610. Calculate the total reference work, 
Wref, as described in Sec.  1065.650. Divide the reference 
work by the duty cycle's time interval, [Delta]tdutycycle, 
to determine mean reference power, Pref.
    (ii) Based on your engine design, estimate maximum power, 
Pmax, the design speed at maximum power, fnmax, 
the design maximum intake manifold boost pressure, pinmax, 
and temperature, Tinmax. Also, estimate a mean fraction of 
power that is lost due to friction and pumping, Pfrict. Use 
this information along with the engine displacement volume, 
Vdisp, an approximate volumetric efficiency, 
[eta]V, and the number of engine strokes per power stroke 
(two-stroke or four-stroke), Nstroke, to estimate the 
maximum raw exhaust molar flow rate,
nexhmax.
    (iii) Use your estimated values as described in the following 
example calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.108

Example:

eNOx = 2.5 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Wref = 11.883 kW[middot]hr
MNOx = 46.0055 g/mol = 46.0055[middot]10-\6\ g/
[mu]mol
[Delta]tdutycycle = 20 min = 1200 s
Pref = 35.65 kW
Pfrict= 15%
Pmax = 125 kW
pmax = 300 kPa = 300000 Pa
Vdisp = 3.0 l = 0.0030 m\3\/r
fnmax = 2800 r/min = 46.67 r/s
Nstroke = 4
[eta]V = 0.9
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
Tmax = 348.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.109

nexhmax = 6.53 mol/s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.110

    (2) To estimate the flow-weighted mean NMHC concentration in a CVS 
from a naturally aspirated nonroad spark-ignition engine at an NMHC 
standard of 0.5 g/(kW[middot]hr), you may do the following:
    (i) Based on your engine design, approximate a map of maximum 
torque versus speed and use it with the

[[Page 28331]]

applicable normalized duty cycle in the standard-setting part to 
generate a reference duty cycle as described in Sec.  1065.610. 
Calculate the total reference work, Wref, as described in 
Sec.  1065.650.
    (ii) Multiply your CVS total molar flow rate by the time interval 
of the duty cycle, [Delta]tdutycycle. The result is the 
total diluted exhaust flow of the ndexh.
    (iii) Use your estimated values as described in the following 
example calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.111

Example:

eNMHC = 1.5 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Wref = 5.389 kW[middot]hr
MNMHC = 13.875389 g/mol = 13.875389[middot]10-\6\ 
g/[mu]mol
n = 6.021 mol/s
[Delta]tdutycycle = 30 min = 1800 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.112

0
340. Amend Sec.  1065.610 by revising paragraph (a)(1)(iv), paragraph 
(a)(2) introductory text, and paragraph (d)(3) introductory text to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.610  Duty cycle generation.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) Transform the map into a normalized power-versus-speed map by 
dividing power terms by Pmax and dividing speed terms by 
fnPmax. Use the following equation to calculate a quantity 
representing the sum of squares from the normalized map:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.113

Where:

i = an indexing variable that represents one recorded value of an 
engine map.
fnnormi = an engine speed normalized by dividing it by 
fnPmax.
Pnormi = an engine power normalized by dividing it by 
Pmax.
* * * * *
    (2) For engines with a high-speed governor that will be subject to 
a reference duty cycle that specifies normalized speeds greater than 
100%, calculate an alternate maximum test speed, fntest,alt, 
as specified in this paragraph (a)(2). If fntest,alt is less 
than the measured maximum test speed, fntest, determined in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, replace fntest with 
fntest,alt. In this case, fntest,alt becomes the 
``maximum test speed'' for that engine for all duty-cycles. Note that 
Sec.  1065.510 allows you to apply an optional declared maximum test 
speed to the final measured maximum test speed determined as an outcome 
of the comparison between fntest, and fntest,alt 
in this paragraph (a)(2). Determine fntest,alt as follows:
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) Required deviations. We require the following deviations for 
variable-speed engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle 
with an automatic transmission where that engine is subject to a 
transient duty cycle with idle operation. These deviations are intended 
to produce a more representative transient duty cycle for these 
applications. For steady-state duty cycles or transient duty cycles 
with no idle operation, these requirements do not apply. Idle points 
for steady state duty cycles of such engines are to be run at 
conditions simulating neutral or park on the transmission. You may 
develop an alternate procedure for adjusting CITT as a function of 
speed, consistent with good engineering judgment.
* * * * *
0
341. Amend Sec.  1065.640 by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(3), (d)(1), 
and (d)(3) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.640  Flow meter calibration calculations.

* * * * *
    (a) Reference meter conversions. The calibration equations in this 
section use molar flow rate, nref, as a reference quantity. 
If your reference meter outputs a flow rate in a different quantity, 
such as standard volume rate, Vstdref, actual volume rate, 
Vactref, or mass rate, mref, convert your 
reference meter output to a molar flow rate using the following 
equations, noting that while values for volume rate, mass rate, 
pressure, temperature, and molar mass may change during an emission 
test, you should ensure that they are as constant as practical for each 
individual set point during a flow meter calibration:

[[Page 28332]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.114

Where:

nref = reference molar flow rate.
Vstdref = reference volume flow rate corrected to a 
standard pressure and a standard temperature.
Vactref = reference volume flow rate at the actual 
pressure and temperature of the flow rate.
mref = reference mass flow.
pstd = standard pressure.
pact = actual pressure of the flow rate.
Tstd = standard temperature.
Tact = actual temperature of the flow rate.
R = molar gas constant.
Mmix = molar mass of the flow rate.

Example 1:

pstd = 29.9213 in Hg @ 32 [deg]F = 101.325 kPa = 101325 Pa = 
101325 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Tstd = 68.0 [deg]F = 293.15 K
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.115

nref = 19.619 mol/s

Example 2:

mref = 17.2683 kg/min = 287.805 g/s
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.175

nref = 10.0000 mol/s

    (b) * * *
    (3) Perform a least-squares regression of Vrev, versus 
Ks, by calculating slope, a1, and intercept, 
a0, as described for a floating intercept in Sec.  1065.602.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Calculate the Reynolds number, Re#, for each 
reference molar flow rate, nref, using the throat diameter 
of the venturi, dt. Because the dynamic viscosity, [micro], 
is needed to compute Re#, you may use your own fluid 
viscosity model to determine [micro] for your calibration gas (usually 
air), using good engineering judgment. Alternatively, you may use the 
Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model to approximate [micro], as 
shown in the following sample calculation for Re#:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.116

    Where, using the Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model as 
captured in Table 4 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.117

Where:

[micro]0 = Sutherland reference viscosity.
T0 = Sutherland reference temperature.
S = Sutherland constant.

                                   Table 4 of Sec.   1065.640--Sutherland Three-Coefficient Viscosity Model Parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      [micro]0                  T0               S          Temperature   Pressure limit
                                                           --------------------------------------------------------------  range within         \b\
                                                                                                                          2% ---------------
                          Gas \a\                                                                                            error \b\
                                                                   kg/(m[middot]s)               K               K       ----------------       kPa
                                                                                                                                 K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air.......................................................           1.716[middot]10-\5\             273             111     170 to 1900          <=1800
CO2.......................................................           1.370[middot]10-\5\             273             222     190 to 1700          <=3600
H2O.......................................................            1.12[middot]10-\5\             350            1064     360 to 1500         <=10000
O2........................................................           1.919[middot]10-\5\             273             139     190 to 2000          <=2500
N2........................................................           1.663[middot]10-\5\             273             107     100 to 1500          <=1600
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use tabulated parameters only for the pure gases, as listed. Do not combine parameters in calculations to calculate viscosities of gas mixtures.
\b\ The model results are valid only for ambient conditions in the specified ranges.

[[Page 28333]]

Example:

[micro]0 = 1.716[middot]10-\5\ kg/(m[middot]s)
T0 = 273 K
S = 111 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.118

[micro] = 1.838[middot]10-\5\ kg/(m[middot]s)
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
nref = 57.625 mol/s
dt = 152.4 mm = 0.1524 m
Tin = 298.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.178

Re# = 7.538[middot]10\5\
* * * * *
    (3) Perform a least-squares regression analysis to determine the 
best-fit coefficients for the equation and calculate SEE as described 
in Sec.  1065.602. When using the example equation above, treat 
Cd as y and the radical term as yref and use Eq. 
1065.602-12 to calculate SEE. When using another mathematical 
expression, substitute that expression into the numerator of Eq. 
1065.602-12 and replace the 2 in the denominator with the number of 
coefficients in the mathematical expression.
* * * * *
0
342. Amend Sec.  1065.642 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c)(1) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1065.642  PDP, SSV, and CFV molar flow rate calculations.

* * * * *
    (b) SSV molar flow rate. Calculate SSV molar flow rate, n, as 
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.119

Where:

Cd = discharge coefficient, as determined based on the 
Cd versus Re# equation in Sec.  
1065.640(d)(2).
Cf = flow coefficient, as determined in Sec.  
1065.640(c)(3)(ii).
At = venturi throat cross-sectional area.
pin = static absolute pressure at the venturi inlet.
Z = compressibility factor.
Mmix = molar mass of gas mixture.
R = molar gas constant.
Tin = absolute temperature at the venturi inlet.

Example:

At = 0.01824 m\2\
pin = 99.132 kPa = 99132 Pa = 99132 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 298.15 K
Re# = 7.232[middot]10\5\
[gamma] = 1.399
[beta] = 0.8
[Delta]p = 2.312 kPa

    Using Eq. 1065.640-7,

rssv = 0.997

    Using Eq. 1065.640-6,

Cf = 0.274

    Using Eq. 1065.640-5,

Cd = 0.990
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.120

n = 58.173 mol/s

    (c) * * *
    (1) To calculate n through one venturi or one combination of 
venturis, use its respective mean Cd and other constants you 
determined according to Sec.  1065.640 and calculate n as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.121

Where:

Cf = flow coefficient, as determined in Sec.  
1065.640(c)(3).

Example:

Cd = 0.985
Cf = 0.7219
At = 0.00456 m\2\
pin = 98.836 kPa = 98836 Pa = 98836 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 378.15 K

[[Page 28334]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.122

n = 33.690 mol/s
* * * * *
0
343. Add Sec.  1065.643 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.643  Carbon balance error verification calculations.

    This section describes the equations for calculating carbon balance 
error quantities used in the carbon balance error verification 
described in Sec.  1065.543. You may use rectangular or trapezoidal 
integration methods to calculate masses and amounts over a test 
interval from continuously measured or calculated mass and molar flow 
rates. Calculate the mass of carbon in all of the carbon-carrying fluid 
streams, intake air into the system, and exhaust emissions over the 
test interval. You may use ECM broadcast signals for DEF flow rate to 
calculate the mass of carbon into the stream from the DEF system. You 
may use ECM broadcast fuel flow rate for field testing to calculate the 
mass of carbon in the fuel stream into the system.
    (a) Determine the masses of all the carbon-carrying fluid streams 
(fuel and other (e.g., DEF)) into the system over each test interval, 
mfluidj, where j is an indexing variable that represents one 
carbon-carrying fluid stream.
    (b) For each test interval calculate the mass of carbon in all of 
the carbon-carrying fluid streams flowing into the system as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.123

Where:

wC = carbon mass fraction of the carbon-carrying fluid 
stream as determined in Sec.  1065.655(d).
mfluid = the mass of the carbon-carrying fluid stream 
determined over the test interval.
j = an indexing variable that represents one carbon-carrying fluid 
stream.
M = total number of carbon-carrying fluid streams into the system 
over the test interval.

Example:

wCfuel = 0.869
wCDEF = 0.065
mfuel = 1119.6 g
mDEF = 36.8 g
M = 2
mCfluid = 0.869[middot]1119.6 + 0.065[middot]36.8 = 975.3 g
    (c) Calculate the mass of carbon in the intake air that flowed into 
the system, mCair, for each test interval, using one of the 
methods below in order of preference. Use the first method where all 
the inputs are available.
    (1) When the amount of intake air is measured over the test 
interval:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.124

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
nint = the measured amount of intake air over the test 
interval.
xCO2int = the amount of intake air CO2 per 
mole of intake air. You may calculate xCO2int using Eq. 
1065.655-10 and xCO2intdry = 375 [micro]mol/mol, but we 
recommend measuring the actual concentration in the intake air.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nint = 62862 mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot]62862[middot]0.000369 = 278.6 g
    (2) When the amount of raw exhaust is measured or calculated, and 
chemical balance terms are calculated for the raw exhaust:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.125

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
nexh = the calculated or measured amount of raw exhaust 
over the test interval.
xH2Oexh = amount of H2O in exhaust per mole of 
exhaust.
xCO2int = the amount of intake air CO2 per 
mole of intake air. You may calculate xCO2int using Eq. 
1065.655-10 and xCO2intdry = 375 [micro]mol/mol, but we 
recommend measuring the actual concentration in the intake air.
xdil/exhdry = amount of excess air per mole of dry 
exhaust. Note that for the chemical balance calculation from raw 
exhaust, xCO2dil = xCO2int and 
xH2Odil = xH2Oint, as excess air and intake 
air have the same composition.
xint/exhdry = amount of intake air required to produce 
actual combustion products per mole of dry exhaust.

[[Page 28335]]

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nexh = 62862 mol
xH2Oexh = 0.034 mol/mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
xdil/exhdry = 0.570 mol/mol
xint/exhdry = 0.465 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot]62862[middot](1-
0.034)[middot]0.000369[middot](0.570 + 0.465) = 278.6 g

    (3) When the amount of raw exhaust is measured:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.126
    
Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
nexh = the measured amount of raw exhaust over the test 
interval.
xCO2int = the amount of intake air CO2 per 
mole of intake air. You may calculate xCO2int using Eq. 
1065.655-10 and xCO2intdry = 375 [micro]mol/mol, but we 
recommend measuring the actual concentration in the intake air.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nexh = 62862 mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot]62862[middot]0.000369 = 278.6 g

    (4) When the amount of diluted exhaust and dilution air are 
measured:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.127

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
ndexh = the measured amount of diluted exhaust over the 
test interval as determined in Sec.  1065.642.
ndil = the measured amount of dilution air over the test 
interval as determined in Sec.  1065.667(b).
xCO2int = the amount of intake air CO2 per 
mole of intake air. You may calculate xCO2int using Eq. 
1065.655-10 and xCO2intdry = 375 [micro]mol/mol, but we 
recommend measuring the actual concentration in the intake air.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
ndexh = 942930 mol
ndil = 880068 mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot](942930 - 880068)[middot]0.000369 = 
278.6 g

    (5) When the amount of intake air can be determined from recorded 
ECM broadcast signals, use ECM broadcast intake air to determine 
mCair as described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (6) When diluted exhaust is measured, use a calculated amount of 
dilution air over the test interval as determined in Sec.  1065.667(d) 
instead of the measured amount of dilution air to determine 
mCair as described in paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
    (d) Calculate the mass of carbon in exhaust emissions, 
mCexh, for each test interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.128

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.
MCO = molar mass of carbon monoxide.
MTHC = effective C1 molar mass of total 
hydrocarbon as defined in Sec.  1065.1005(f)(2).
mCO2 = is the mass of CO2 over the test 
interval as determined in Sec.  1065.650(c).
mCO = is the mass of CO over the test interval as 
determined in Sec.  1065.650(c).
mTHC = is the mass of THC over the test interval as 
determined in Sec.  1065.650(c).

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
MCO2 = 44.0095 g/mol
MCO = 28.0101 g/mol
MTHC = 13.875389 g/mol
mCO2 = 4567 g
mCO = 0.803 g
mTHC = 0.537 g
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.129

    (e) Calculate carbon balance error quantities as follows:
    (1) Calculate carbon mass absolute error, [epsi]aC, for 
a test interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.130

Where:

mCexh = mass of carbon in exhaust emissions over the test 
interval as determined in paragraph (d) of this section.
mCfluid = mass of carbon in all of the carbon-carrying 
fluid streams that flowed into the system over the test interval as 
determined in paragraph (b) of this section.
mCair = mass of carbon in the intake air that flowed into 
the system over the test interval as determined in paragraph (c) of 
this section.

Example:

mCexh = 1247.2 g
mCfluid = 975.3 g
mCair = 278.6 g
[epsi]aC = 1247.2 - 975.3-278.6 = -6.7 g

    (2) Calculate carbon mass rate absolute error, 
[epsi]aCrate, for a test interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.131

Where:

    t = duration of the test interval.

Example:

[epsi]aC = -6.7 g
t = 1202.2 s = 0.3339 hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.132

    (3) Calculate carbon mass relative error, [epsi]rC, for 
a test interval as follows:

[[Page 28336]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.133

Example:

[epsi]aC = -6.7 g
mCfliud = 975.3 g
mCair = 278.6 g
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.134

    (4) Calculate composite carbon mass relative error, 
[epsi]rCcomp, for a duty cycle with multiple test intervals 
as follows:
    (i) Use the following equation to calculate, 
[epsi]rCcomp, for duty cycles with multiple test intervals 
of a prescribed duration, such as cold-start and hot-start transient 
cycles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.135

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the 
standard-setting part.
mCexh = mass of carbon in exhaust emissions over the test 
interval as determined in paragraph (d) of this section.
mCfluid = mass of carbon in all of the carbon-carrying 
fluid streams that flowed into the system over the test interval as 
determined in paragraph (b) of this section.
mCair = mass of carbon in the intake air that flowed into 
the system over the test interval as determined in paragraph (c) of 
this section.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = \1/7\
WF2 = \6/7\
mCexh1 = 1255.3 g
mCexh2 = 1247.2 g
mCfluid1 = 977.8 g
mCfluid2 = 975.3 g
mCair1 = 280.2 g
mCair2 = 278.6 g
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.136

    (ii) Use the following equation to calculate, 
[epsi]rCcomp, for duty cycles with multiple test intervals 
that allow use of varying duration, such as discrete-mode steady-state 
duty cycles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.137

Where:

    t = duration of the test interval.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
mCexh1 = 2.873 g
mCexh2 = 0.125 g
mCfluid1 = 2.864 g
mCfluid2 = 0.095 g
mCair1 = 0.023 g
mCair2 = 0.024 g
t1 = 123 s
t2 = 306 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.138

[[Page 28337]]

0
344. Amend Sec.  1065.650 by revising paragraphs (b)(3), (c)(1) through 
(3), paragraph (d) introductory text, paragraphs (d)(7), (f)(2) and (g) 
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.650  Emission calculations.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) For field testing, you may calculate the ratio of total mass to 
total work, where these individual values are determined as described 
in paragraph (f) of this section. You may also use this approach for 
laboratory testing, consistent with good engineering judgment. Good 
engineering judgment dictates that this method not be used if there are 
any work flow paths described in Sec.  1065.210 that cross the system 
boundary, other than the primary output shaft (crankshaft). This is a 
special case in which you use a signal linearly proportional to raw 
exhaust molar flow rate to determine a value proportional to total 
emissions. You then use the same linearly proportional signal to 
determine total work using a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, 
and exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655, plus information about your 
engine's brake-specific fuel consumption. Under this method, flow 
meters need not meet accuracy specifications, but they must meet the 
applicable linearity and repeatability specifications in subpart D or 
subpart J of this part. The result is a brake-specific emission value 
calculated as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.139

Example:

m = 805.5 g
W = 52.102 kW[middot]hr
eCO = 805.5/52.102
    eCO = 2.520 g/(kW[middot]hr)

    (c) * * *
    (1) Concentration corrections. Perform the following sequence of 
preliminary calculations on recorded concentrations:
    (i) Use good engineering judgment to time-align flow and 
concentration data to match transformation time, t50, to 
within 1 s.
    (ii) Correct all gaseous emission analyzer concentration readings, 
including continuous readings, sample bag readings, and dilution air 
background readings, for drift as described in Sec.  1065.672. Note 
that you must omit this step where brake-specific emissions are 
calculated without the drift correction for performing the drift 
validation according to Sec.  1065.550(b). When applying the initial 
THC and CH4 contamination readings according to Sec.  
1065.520(f), use the same values for both sets of calculations. You may 
also use as-measured values in the initial set of calculations and 
corrected values in the drift-corrected set of calculations as 
described in Sec.  1065.520(f)(7).
    (iii) Correct all THC and CH4 concentrations for initial 
contamination as described in Sec.  1065.660(a), including continuous 
readings, sample bags readings, and dilution air background readings.
    (iv) Correct all concentrations measured on a ``dry'' basis to a 
``wet'' basis, including dilution air background concentrations, as 
described in Sec.  1065.659.
    (v) Calculate all NMHC and CH4 concentrations, including 
dilution air background concentrations, as described in Sec.  1065.660.
    (vi) For emission testing with an oxygenated fuel, calculate any HC 
concentrations, including dilution air background concentrations, as 
described in Sec.  1065.665. See subpart I of this part for testing 
with oxygenated fuels.
    (vii) Correct all the NOX concentrations, including 
dilution air background concentrations, for intake-air humidity as 
described in Sec.  1065.670.
    (2) Continuous sampling. For continuous sampling, you must 
frequently record a continuously updated concentration signal. You may 
measure this concentration from a changing flow rate or a constant flow 
rate (including discrete-mode steady-state testing), as follows:
    (i) Varying flow rate. If you continuously sample from a changing 
exhaust flow rate, time align and then multiply concentration 
measurements by the flow rate from which you extracted it. We consider 
the following to be examples of changing flows that require a 
continuous multiplication of concentration times molar flow rate: raw 
exhaust, exhaust diluted with a constant flow rate of dilution air, and 
CVS dilution with a CVS flow meter that does not have an upstream heat 
exchanger or electronic flow control. This multiplication results in 
the flow rate of the emission itself. Integrate the emission flow rate 
over a test interval to determine the total emission. If the total 
emission is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass by 
multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the 
emission, m. Calculate m for continuous sampling with variable flow 
using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.140

Where:

[Delta]t = 1/frecord Eq. 1065.650-5

Example:

MNMHC = 13.875389 g/mol
N = 1200
xNMHC1 = 84.5 [micro]mol/mol = 84.5[middot]10-\6\ 
mol/mol
xNMHC2 = 86.0 [micro]mol/mol = 86.0[middot]10-\6\ 
mol/mol
nexh1 = 2.876 mol/s
nexh2 = 2.224 mol/s
frecord = 1 Hz

    Using Eq. 1065.650-5,

[Delta]t = 1/1 = 1 s
mNMHC = 
13.875389[middot](84.5[middot]10-\6\[middot]2.876 + 
86.0[middot]10-\6\[middot]2.224 + ... + 
xNMHC1200[middot]nexh)[middot]1
mNMHC = 25.23 g

    (ii) Constant flow rate. If you continuously sample from a constant 
exhaust flow rate, use the same emission calculations described in 
paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section or calculate the mean or flow-
weighted concentration recorded over the test interval and treat the 
mean as a batch sample, as described in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this 
section. We consider the following to be examples of constant exhaust 
flows: CVS diluted exhaust with a CVS flow meter that has either an 
upstream heat exchanger, electronic flow control, or both.
    (3) Batch sampling. For batch sampling, the concentration is a 
single value from a proportionally extracted batch sample (such as a 
bag, filter, impinger, or cartridge). In this case, multiply the mean 
concentration of the batch sample by the total flow from which the 
sample was extracted. You may calculate total flow by integrating a 
changing flow rate or by determining the mean of a constant flow rate, 
as follows:
    (i) Varying flow rate. If you collect a batch sample from a 
changing exhaust flow rate, extract a sample proportional to the 
changing exhaust flow rate. We consider the following to be examples of 
changing flows that require proportional sampling: Raw exhaust, exhaust 
diluted with a constant flow rate of dilution air, and CVS dilution 
with a CVS flow meter that does not have an upstream heat exchanger or 
electronic flow control. Integrate the flow rate over a test interval 
to determine the total flow from which you extracted the proportional 
sample. Multiply the mean concentration of the batch sample by the 
total flow from which the sample was

[[Page 28338]]

extracted. If the total emission is a molar quantity, convert this 
quantity to a mass by multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result 
is the mass of the emission, m. In the case of PM emissions, where the 
mean PM concentration is already in units of mass per mole of sample, 
MPM, simply multiply it by the total flow. The result is the 
total mass of PM, mPM. Calculate m for batch sampling with 
variable flow using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.141

Example:

MNOx = 46.0055 g/mol
N = 9000
xNOx = 85.6 [micro]mol/mol = 85.6[middot] 10-\6\ 
mol/mol
ndexh1 = 25.534 mol/s
ndexh2 = 26.950 mol/s
frecord = 5 Hz

    Using Eq. 1065.650-5,

[Delta]t= 1/5 = 0.2
mNOx = 
46.0055[middot]85.6[middot]10-\6\[middot](25.534 + 26.950 + 
... + nexh9000)[middot]0.2
mNOx = 4.201 g

    (ii) Constant flow rate. If you batch sample from a constant 
exhaust flow rate, extract a sample at a proportional or constant flow 
rate. We consider the following to be examples of constant exhaust 
flows: CVS diluted exhaust with a CVS flow meter that has either an 
upstream heat exchanger, electronic flow control, or both. Determine 
the mean molar flow rate from which you extracted the constant flow 
rate sample. Multiply the mean concentration of the batch sample by the 
mean molar flow rate of the exhaust from which the sample was 
extracted, and multiply the result by the time of the test interval. If 
the total emission is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass 
by multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the 
emission, m. In the case of PM emissions, where the mean PM 
concentration is already in units of mass per mole of sample, 
MPM., simply multiply it by the total flow, and the result 
is the total mass of PM, mPM. Calculate m for sampling with 
constant flow using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.142

Example:

MPM = 144.0 [micro]g/mol = 144.0[middot]10-\6\ g/mol
nidexh = 57.692 mol/s
[Delta]t = 1200 s
mPM = 144.0[middot]10 
-\6\[middot]57.692[middot]1200
mPM = 9.9692 g
* * * * *
    (d) Total work over a test interval. To calculate the total work 
from the engine over a test interval, add the total work from all the 
work paths described in Sec.  1065.210 that cross the system boundary 
including electrical energy/work, mechanical shaft work, and fluid 
pumping work. For all work paths, except the engine's primary output 
shaft (crankshaft), the total work for the path over the test interval 
is the integration of the net work flow rate (power) out of the system 
boundary. When energy/work flows into the system boundary, this work 
flow rate signal becomes negative; in this case, include these negative 
work rate values in the integration to calculate total work from that 
work path. Some work paths may result in a negative total work. Include 
negative total work values from any work path in the calculated total 
work from the engine rather than setting the values to zero. The rest 
of this paragraph (d) describes how to calculate total work from the 
engine's primary output shaft over a test interval. Before integrating 
power on the engine's primary output shaft, adjust the speed and torque 
data for the time alignment used in Sec.  1065.514(c). Any advance or 
delay used on the feedback signals for cycle validation must also be 
used for calculating work. Account for work of accessories according to 
Sec.  1065.110. Exclude any work during cranking and starting. Exclude 
work during actual motoring operation (negative feedback torques), 
unless the engine was connected to one or more energy storage devices. 
Examples of such energy storage devices include hybrid powertrain 
batteries and hydraulic accumulators, like the ones illustrated in 
Figure 1 of Sec.  1065.210. Exclude any work during reference zero-load 
idle periods (0% speed or idle speed with 0 N[middot]m reference 
torque). Note, that there must be two consecutive reference zero load 
idle points to establish a period where this applies. Include work 
during idle points with simulated minimum torque such as Curb Idle 
Transmissions Torque (CITT) for automatic transmissions in ``drive''. 
The work calculation method described in paragraphs (d)(1) though (7) 
of this section meets these requirements using rectangular integration. 
You may use other logic that gives equivalent results. For example, you 
may use a trapezoidal integration method as described in paragraph 
(d)(8) of this section.
* * * * *
    (7) Integrate the resulting values for power over the test 
interval. Calculate total work as follows:

[[Page 28339]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.143

Where:

W = total work from the primary output shaft
Pi = instantaneous power from the primary output shaft 
over an interval i.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.144

Example:

N = 9000
fn1 = 1800.2 r/min
fn2 = 1805.8 r/min
T1 = 177.23 N[middot]m
T2 = 175.00 N[middot]m
Crev = 2[middot][pi] rad/r
Ct1 = 60 s/min
Cp = 1000 (N[middot]m[middot]rad/s)/kW
frecord = 5 Hz
Ct2 = 3600 s/hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.145

P1 = 33.41 kW

P2 = 33.09 kW

    Using Eq. 1065.650-5,
[Delta]t = 1/5 = 0.2 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.146

W = 16.875 kW[middot]hr
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) Total work. To calculate a value proportional to total work 
over a test interval, integrate a value that is proportional to power. 
Use information about the brake-specific fuel consumption of your 
engine, efuel, to convert a signal proportional to fuel flow 
rate to a signal proportional to power. To determine a signal 
proportional to fuel flow rate, divide a signal that is proportional to 
the mass rate of carbon products by the fraction of carbon in your 
fuel, wC. You may use a measured wC or you may 
use default values for a given fuel as described in Sec.  1065.655(e). 
Calculate the mass rate of carbon from the amount of carbon and water 
in the exhaust, which you determine with a chemical balance of fuel, 
DEF, intake air, and exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655. In the 
chemical balance, you must use concentrations from the flow that 
generated the signal proportional to molar flow rate, n, in paragraph 
(e)(1) of this section. Calculate a value proportional to total work as 
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.147

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.176

* * * * *
    (g) Brake-specific emissions over a duty cycle with multiple test 
intervals. The standard-setting part may specify a duty cycle with 
multiple test intervals, such as with discrete-mode steady-state 
testing. Unless we specify otherwise, calculate composite brake-
specific emissions over the duty cycle as described in this paragraph 
(g). If a measured mass (or mass rate) is negative, set it to zero for 
calculating composite brake-specific emissions, but leave it unchanged 
for drift validation. In the case of calculating composite brake-
specific emissions relative to a combined emission standard (such as a 
NOX + NMHC standard), change any negative mass (or mass 
rate) values to zero for a particular pollutant before combining the 
values for the different pollutants.
    (1) Use the following equation to calculate composite brake-
specific emissions for duty cycles with multiple test intervals all 
with prescribed durations, such as cold-start and hot-start transient 
cycles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.148

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the 
standard-setting part.
m = mass of emissions over the test interval as determined in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
W = total work from the engine over the test interval as determined 
in paragraph (d) of this section.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.1428
WF2 = 0.8572
m1 = 70.125 g
m2 = 64.975 g
W1 = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
W2 = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.149

eNOxcomp = 2.548 g/kW[middot]hr
    (2) Calculate composite brake-specific emissions for duty cycles 
with multiple test intervals that allow use of varying duration, such 
as discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles, as follows:
    (i) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific 
emissions over test intervals based on total mass and total work as 
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.150

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the 
standard-setting part.
m = mass of emissions over the test interval as determined in 
paragraph (c) of this section.
W = total work from the engine over the test interval as determined 
in paragraph (d) of this section.
t = duration of the test interval.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
m1 = 1.3753 g
m2 = 0.4135 g
t1 = 120 s
t2 = 200 s

[[Page 28340]]

W1 = 2.8375 kW[middot]hr
W2 = 0.0 kW[middot]hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.151

eNOxcomp = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr

    (ii) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific 
emissions over test intervals based on the ratio of mass rate to power 
as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.152

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the 
standard-setting part.
mi = mean steady-state mass rate of emissions over the test interval 
as determined in paragraph (e) of this section.
P = mean steady-state power over the test interval as described in 
paragraph (e) of this section.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
mi1 = 2.25842 g/hr
mi2 = 0.063443 g/hr
P1 = 4.5383 kW
P2 = 0.0 kW
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.153

eNOxcomp = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr
* * * * *
0
345. Amend Sec.  1065.655 by:
0
a. Revising the section heading and paragraphs (c)(3), (e)(1)(i), 
(e)(4);
0
b. Amending paragraph (e)(4) by removing Table 1;
0
c. Adding paragraph (e)(5); and
0
d. Revising paragraphs (f)(3) and (g)(1).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.655  Chemical balances of fuel, DEF, intake air, and 
exhaust.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (3) Use the following symbols and subscripts in the equations for 
performing the chemical balance calculations in this paragraph (c):
    xdil/exh = amount of dilution gas or excess air per mole 
of exhaust.
    xH2Oexh = amount of H2O in exhaust per mole 
of exhaust.
    xCcombdry = amount of carbon from fuel and injected 
fluid in the exhaust per mole of dry exhaust.
    xH2dry = amount of H2 in exhaust per amount 
of dry exhaust.
    KH2Ogas = water-gas reaction equilibrium coefficient. 
You may use 3.5 or calculate your own value using good engineering 
judgment.
    xH2Oexhdry = amount of H2O in exhaust per dry 
mole of dry exhaust.
    xprod/intdry = amount of dry stoichiometric products per 
dry mole of intake air.
    xdil/exhdry = amount of dilution gas and/or excess air 
per mole of dry exhaust.
    xint/exhdry = amount of intake air required to produce 
actual combustion products per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust.
    xraw/exhdry = amount of undiluted exhaust, without 
excess air, per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust.
    xO2int = amount of intake air O2 per mole of 
intake air.
    xCO2intdry = amount of intake air CO2 per 
mole of dry intake air. You may use xCO2intdry = 375 
[mu]mol/mol, but we recommend measuring the actual concentration in the 
intake air.
    xH2Ointdry = amount of intake air H2O per 
mole of dry intake air.
    xCO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per mole 
of intake air.
    xCO2dil = amount of dilution gas CO2 per mole 
of dilution gas.
    xCO2dildry = amount of dilution gas CO2 per 
mole of dry dilution gas. If you use air as diluent, you may use 
xCO2dildry = 375 [mu]mol/mol, but we recommend measuring the 
actual concentration in the intake air.
    xH2Odildry = amount of dilution gas H2O per 
mole of dry dilution gas.
    xH2Odil = amount of dilution gas H2O per mole 
of dilution gas.
    x[emission]meas = amount of measured emission in the 
sample at the respective gas analyzer.
    x[emission]dry = amount of emission per dry mole of dry 
sample.
    xH2O[emission]meas = amount of H2O in sample 
at emission-detection location. Measure or estimate these values 
according to Sec.  1065.145(e)(2).
    xH2Oint = amount of H2O in the intake air, 
based on a humidity measurement of intake air.
    [alpha] = atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture 
of test fuels) and any injected fluids.
    [beta] = atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of 
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
    [gamma] = atomic sulfur-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of 
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
    [delta] = atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture 
of test fuels) and any injected fluids.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Determine the carbon and hydrogen mass fractions according to 
ASTM D5291 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010). When using 
ASTM D5291 to determine carbon and hydrogen mass fractions of gasoline 
(with or without blended ethanol), use good engineering judgment to 
adapt the method as appropriate. This may include consulting with the 
instrument

[[Page 28341]]

manufacturer on how to test high-volatility fuels. Allow the weight of 
volatile fuel samples to stabilize for 20 minutes before starting the 
analysis; if the weight still drifts after 20 minutes, prepare a new 
sample). Retest the sample if the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and 
nitrogen mass fractions do not add up to a total mass of 100  0.5%; if you do not measure oxygen, you may assume it has a zero 
concentration for this specification. You may also assume that sulfur 
and nitrogen have a zero concentration for all fuels except residual 
fuel blends.
* * * * *
    (4) Calculate [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] using the 
following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.154

Where:

M = total number of fuels and injected fluids over the duty cycle.
j = an indexing variable that represents one fuel or injected fluid, 
starting with j = 1.
mj = the mass flow rate of the fuel or any injected fluid 
j. For applications using a single fuel and no DEF fluid, set this 
value to 1. For batch measurements, divide the total mass of fuel 
over the test interval duration to determine a mass rate.
wHj = hydrogen mass fraction of fuel or any injected 
fluid j.
wCj = carbon mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid 
j.
wOj = oxygen mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid 
j.
wSj = sulfur mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid 
j.
wNj = nitrogen mass fraction of fuel or any injected 
fluid j.

Example:

N = 1
j = 1
mj = 1
wHj = 0.1239
wCj = 0.8206
wOj = 0.0547
wSj = 0.00066
wNj = 0.000095
MC = 12.0107
MH = 1.00794
MO = 15.9994
MS = 32.065
MN = 14.0067
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.155

[alpha] = 1.799
[beta] = 0.05004
[gamma] = 0.0003012
[delta] = 0.0001003

    (5) Table 1 follows:

             Table 1 of Sec.   1065.655--Default Values of [alpha], [beta], [gamma], [delta], and wC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                   Carbon mass
           Fuel or injected fluid             Atomic hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-to-  fraction, wC g/
                                               carbon ratios CH[alpha]O[beta]S[gamma]N[delta]           g
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline...................................  CH1.85O0S0N0......................................            0.866
E10 Gasoline...............................  CH1.92O0.03S0N0...................................            0.833
E15 Gasoline...............................  CH1.95O0.05S0N0...................................            0.817
E85 Gasoline...............................  CH2.73O0.38S0N0...................................            0.576

[[Page 28342]]

 
E100 Ethanol...............................  CH3O0.5S0N0.......................................            0.521
M100 Methanol..............................  CH4O1S0N0.........................................            0.375
#1 Diesel..................................  CH1.93O0S0N0......................................            0.861
#2 Diesel..................................  CH1.80O0S0N0......................................            0.869
Liquefied petroleum gas....................  CH2.64O0S0N0......................................            0.819
Natural gas................................  CH3.78 O0.016S0N0.................................            0.747
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Residual fuel blends.......................     Must be determined by measured fuel properties as described in
                                                               paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel exhaust fluid.......................  CH17.85O7.92S0N2..................................            0.065
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) * * *
    (3) Fluid mass flow rate calculation. This calculation may be used 
only for steady-state laboratory testing. You may not use this 
calculation if the standard-setting part requires carbon balance error 
verification as described in Sec.  1065.543. See Sec.  
1065.915(d)(5)(iv) for application to field testing. Calculate 
nexh based on mj using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.156

Where:

nexh = raw exhaust molar flow rate from which you 
measured emissions.
N = total number of fuels and injected fluids over the duty cycle.
j = an indexing variable that represents one fuel or injected fluid, 
starting with j = 1.
mj = the mass flow rate of the fuel or any injected fluid 
j.

Example:

N = 1
j = 1
mj = 7.559 g/s
wC = 0.869 g/g
MC = 12.0107 g/mol
xCcombdry = 99.87 mmol/mol = 0.09987 mol/mol
xH20exhdry = 107.64 mmol/mol = 0.10764 mol/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.157

nexh = 6.066 mol/s

    (g) * * *
    (1) Crankcase flow rate. If engines are not subject to crankcase 
controls under the standard-setting part, calculate raw exhaust flow as 
described in paragraph (f)(1) of this section.
* * * * *
0
346. Amend Sec.  1065.659 by revising paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1065.659  Removed water correction.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) If the measurement comes from raw exhaust, you may determine 
the amount of water based on intake-air humidity, plus a chemical 
balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and exhaust as described in Sec.  
1065.655.
    (3) If the measurement comes from diluted exhaust, you may 
determine the amount of water based on intake-air humidity, dilution 
air humidity, and a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and 
exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655.
* * * * *
0
347. Amend Sec.  1065.660 by revising paragraphs (b)(4) and (c)(2) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.660  THC, NMHC, NMNEHC, CH4, and C2H6 determination.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) For an FTIR, calculate xNMHC by summing the 
hydrocarbon species listed in Sec.  1065.266(c) as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.158

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xHCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of 
hydrocarbon species i as measured by the FTIR, not corrected for 
initial contamination.
xHCi-init = the C1-equivalent concentration of 
the initial system contamination (optional) of hydrocarbon species 
i, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the FTIR.

[[Page 28343]]

Example:

xC2H6 = 4.9 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H4 = 0.9 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H2 = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
xC3H8 = 0.4 [mu]mol/mol
xC3H6 = 0.5 [mu]mol/mol
xC4H10 = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
xCH2O = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H4O = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
xCH2O2 = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
xCH4O = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
xNMHC = 4.9 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 0.8 + 0.3 + 0.1 
+ 0.1
xNMHC = 9.1 [mu]mol/mol

    (c) * * *
    (2) For a GC-FID, NMC FID, or FTIR, calculate xNMNEHC 
using the THC analyzer's response factors (RF) for CH4 and 
C2H6, from Sec.  1065.360, and the initial 
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration 
xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in paragraph (a) of this 
section as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.159

Where:

xNMNEHC = concentration of NMNEHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC 
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to 
CH4.
xCH4 = concentration of CH4, dry-to-wet 
corrected, as measured by the GC-FID, NMC FID, or FTIR.
RFC2H6[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to 
C2H6.
xC2H6 = the C1-equivalent concentration of 
C2H6, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the 
GC-FID or FTIR.

Example:

    xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 145.6 [mu]mol/mol
    RFCH4[THC-FID] = 0.970
    xCH4 = 18.9 [mu]mol/mol
    RFC2H6[THC-FID] = 1.02
    xC2H6 = 10.6 [mu]mol/mol
    xNMHC = 145.6--0.970[middot]18.9--1.02[middot]10.6
    xNMHC = 116.5 [mu]mol/mol
* * * * *
0
348. Amend Sec.  1065.665 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.665  THCE and NMHCE determination.

    (a) If you measured an oxygenated hydrocarbon's mass concentration, 
first calculate its molar concentration in the exhaust sample stream 
from which the sample was taken (raw or diluted exhaust), and convert 
this into a C1-equivalent molar concentration. Add these 
C1-equivalent molar concentrations to the molar 
concentration of non-oxygenated total hydrocarbon (NOTHC). The result 
is the molar concentration of total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE). 
Calculate THCE concentration using the following equations, noting that 
Eq. 1065.665-3 is required only if you need to convert your oxygenated 
hydrocarbon (OHC) concentration from mass to moles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.160

Where:

xTHCE = the sum of the C1-equivalent 
concentrations of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, alcohols, and 
aldehydes.
xNOTHC = the sum of the C1-equivalent 
concentrations of NOTHC.
xOHCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of 
oxygenated species i in diluted exhaust, not corrected for initial 
contamination.
xOHCi-init = the C1-equivalent concentration 
of the initial system contamination (optional) of oxygenated species 
i, dry-to-wet corrected.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = the C1-equivalent response 
to NOTHC and all OHC in diluted exhaust, HC contamination and dry-
to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC-FID.
RFOHCi[THC-FID] = the response factor of the FID to 
species i relative to propane on a C1-equivalent basis.
Mdexh = the molar mass of diluted exhaust as determine in 
Sec.  1065.340.
mdexhOHCi = the mass of oxygenated species i in dilute 
exhaust.
MOHCi = the C1-equivalent molecular weight of 
oxygenated species i.

[[Page 28344]]

mdexh = the mass of diluted exhaust.
ndexhOHCi = the number of moles of oxygenated species i 
in total diluted exhaust flow.
ndexh = the total diluted exhaust flow.
* * * * *
0
349. Amend Sec.  1065.667 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.667  Dilution air background emission correction.

* * * * *
    (d) You may determine the total flow of dilution air from the 
measured dilute exhaust flow and a chemical balance of the fuel, DEF, 
intake air, and dilute exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655. For this 
option, the molar flow of dilution air is calculated by multiplying the 
dilute exhaust flow by the mole fraction of dilution gas to dilute 
exhaust, xdil/exh, from the dilute chemical balance. This 
may be done by totaling continuous calculations or by using batch 
results. For example, to use batch results, the total flow of dilution 
air is calculated by multiplying the total flow of diluted exhaust, 
ndexh, by the flow-weighted mean mole fraction of dilution 
air in diluted exhaust, xdil/exh. Calculate 
xdil/exh using flow-weighted mean concentrations of 
emissions in the chemical balance, as described in Sec.  1065.655. The 
chemical balance in Sec.  1065.655 assumes that your engine operates 
stoichiometrically, even if it is a lean-burn engine, such as a 
compression-ignition engine. Note that for lean-burn engines this 
assumption could result in an error in emission calculations. This 
error could occur because the chemical balance in Sec.  1065.655 treats 
excess air passing through a lean-burn engine as if it was dilution 
air. If an emission concentration expected at the standard is about 100 
times its dilution air background concentration, this error is 
negligible. However, if an emission concentration expected at the 
standard is similar to its background concentration, this error could 
be significant. If this error might affect your ability to show that 
your engines comply with applicable standards, we recommend that you 
either determine the total flow of dilution air using one of the more 
accurate methods in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, or remove 
background emissions from dilution air by HEPA filtration, chemical 
adsorption, or catalytic scrubbing. You might also consider using a 
partial-flow dilution technique such as a bag mini-diluter, which uses 
purified air as the dilution air.
* * * * *
0
350. Amend Sec.  1065.695 by adding paragraph (c)(8)(v) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.695  Data requirements.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (8) * * *
    (v) Carbon balance error verification, if performed.
* * * * *
0
351. Amend Sec.  1065.701 by revising paragraphs (b) and (f) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.701  General requirements for test fuels.

* * * * *
    (b) Fuels meeting alternate specifications. We may allow you to use 
a different test fuel (such as California LEV III gasoline) if it does 
not affect your ability to show that your engines would comply with all 
applicable emission standards using the specified test fuel.
* * * * *
    (f) Service accumulation and field testing fuels. If we do not 
specify a service-accumulation or field-testing fuel in the standard-
setting part, use an appropriate commercially available fuel such as 
those meeting minimum specifications from the following table:

[[Page 28345]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.161

0
352. Amend Sec.  1065.703 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.703  Distillate diesel fuel.

* * * * *
    (b) There are three grades of #2 diesel fuel specified for use as a 
test fuel. See the standard-setting part to determine which grade to 
use. If the standard-setting part does not specify which grade to use, 
use good engineering judgment to select the grade that represents the 
fuel on which the engines will operate in use. The three grades are 
specified in the following table:

[[Page 28346]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.162

* * * * *
0
353. Amend Sec.  1065.705 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.705  Residual and intermediate residual fuel.

* * * * *
    (c) The fuel must meet the specifications for one of the categories 
in the following table:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[[Page 28347]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.163

[[Page 28348]]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
0
354. Amend Sec.  1065.710 by revising paragraphs (b)(2) and (c) to read 
as follows:

Sec.  1065.710  Gasoline.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Table 1 of this section identifies limit values consistent with 
the units in the reference procedure for each fuel property. These 
values are generally specified in international units. Values presented 
in parentheses are for information only. Table 1 follows:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[[Page 28349]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.164

* * * * *
    (c) The specifications of this paragraph (c) apply for testing with 
neat gasoline. This is sometimes called indolene or E0 test fuel. 
Gasoline for testing must have octane values that represent 
commercially available fuels

[[Page 28350]]

for the appropriate application. Test fuel specifications apply as 
follows:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
* * * * *
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.165

0
355. Amend Sec.  1065.715 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.715  Natural gas.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, natural 
gas for testing must meet the specifications in the following table:

  Table 1 of Sec.   1065.715--Test Fuel Specifications for Natural Gas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Property                             Value \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane, CH4..............................  Minimum, 0.87 mol/mol.
Ethane, C2H6..............................  Maximum, 0.055 mol/mol.
Propane, C3H8.............................  Maximum, 0.012 mol/mol.
Butane, C4H10.............................  Maximum, 0.0035 mol/mol.
Pentane, C5H12............................  Maximum, 0.0013 mol/mol.
C6 and higher.............................  Maximum, 0.001 mol/mol.
Oxygen....................................  Maximum, 0.001 mol/mol.
Inert gases (sum of CO2 and N2)...........  Maximum, 0.051 mol/mol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Demonstrate compliance with fuel specifications based on the
  reference procedures in ASTM D1945 (incorporated by reference in Sec.
   1065.1010), or on other measurement procedures using good engineering
  judgment. See Sec.   1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.

* * * * *
0
356. Amend Sec.  1065.720 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.720  Liquefied petroleum gas.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, liquefied 
petroleum gas for testing must meet the specifications in the following 
table:

[[Page 28351]]

   Table 1 of Sec.   1065.720--Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied
                              Petroleum Gas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Reference
           Property                      Value            procedure \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Propane, C3H8.................  Minimum, 0.85 m\3\/     ASTM D2163.
                                 m\3\.
Vapor pressure at 38 [deg]C...  Maximum, 1400 kPa.....  ASTM D1267 or
                                                        ASTM D2598.\b\
Volatility residue (evaporated  Maximum, -38 [deg]C...  ASTM D1837.
 temperature, 35 [deg]C).
Butanes.......................  Maximum, 0.05 m\3\/     ASTM D2163.
                                 m\3\.
Butenes.......................  Maximum, 0.02 m\3\/     ASTM D2163.
                                 m\3\.
Pentenes and heavier..........  Maximum, 0.005 m\3\/    ASTM D2163.
                                 m\3\.
Propene.......................  Maximum, 0.1 m\3\/m\3\  ASTM D2163.
Residual matter (residue on     Maximum, 0.05 ml pass   ASTM D2158.
 evaporation of 100 ml oil       \c\.
 stain observation).
Corrosion, copper strip.......  Maximum, No. 1........  ASTM D1838.
Sulfur........................  Maximum, 80 mg/kg.....  ASTM D2784.
Moisture content..............  pass..................  ASTM D2713.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Incorporated by reference, see Sec.   1065.1010. See Sec.
  1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.
\b\ If these two test methods yield different results, use the results
  from ASTM D1267.
\c\ The test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3
  ml of solvent residue mixture to a filter paper in 0.1 ml increments
  and examine it in daylight after two minutes.

* * * * *
0
357. Amend Sec.  1065.750 by revising paragraph (a)(1)(ii) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1065.750  Analytical gases.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Contamination as specified in the following table:

 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.750--General Specifications for Purified Gases a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Constituent                Purified air          Purified N2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THC (C1-equivalent)...........  <=0.05 [mu]mol/mol....  <=0.05 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
CO............................  <=1 [mu]mol/mol.......  <=1 [mu]mol/mol.
CO2...........................  <=10 [mu]mol/mol......  <=10 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
O2............................  0.205 to 0.215 mol/mol  <=2 [mu]mol/mol.
NOX...........................  <=0.02 [mu]mol/mol....  <=0.02 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
N2O \b\.......................  <=0.02 [mu]mol/mol....  <=0.02 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ We do not require these levels of purity to be NIST-traceable.
\b\ The N2O limit applies only if the standard-setting part requires you
  to report N2O or certify to an N2O standard.

* * * * *
0
358. Amend Sec.  1065.790 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.790  Mass standards.

* * * * *
    (b) Dynamometer, fuel mass scale, and DEF mass scale calibration 
weights. Use dynamometer and mass scale calibration weights that are 
certified as NIST-traceable within 0.1% uncertainty. Calibration 
weights may be certified by any calibration lab that maintains NIST-
traceability.
0
359. Amend Sec.  1065.905 by revising paragraph (f) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.905  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (f) Summary. The following table summarizes the requirements of 
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section:

         Table 1 of Sec.   1065.905--Summary of Testing Requirements Specified Outside of This Subpart J
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Applicability for
                                                                   laboratory or similar     Applicability for
              Subpart                  Applicability for field       testing with PEMS     laboratory or similar
                                             testing \a\            without restriction   testing with PEMS with
                                                                            \a\              restrictions \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A: Applicability and general         Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
 provisions.
B: Equipment for testing...........  Use Sec.   1065.101 and      Use all...............  Use all. Sec.
                                      Sec.   1065.140 through                              1065.910 specifies
                                      the end of subpart B,                                equipment specific to
                                      except Sec.                                          laboratory testing
                                      1065.140(e)(1) and (4),                              with PEMS.
                                      Sec.   1065.170(c)(1)(vi),
                                      and Sec.   1065.195(c).
                                      Sec.   1065.910 specifies
                                      equipment specific to
                                      field testing.
C: Measurement instruments.........  Use all. Sec.   1065.915     Use all except Sec.     Use all except Sec.
                                      allows deviations.           1065.295(c).            1065.295(c). Sec.
                                                                                           1065.915 allows
                                                                                           deviations.
D: Calibrations and verifications..  Use all except Sec.          Use all...............  Use all. Sec.
                                      1065.308 and Sec.                                    1065.920 allows
                                      1065.309. Sec.   1065.920                            deviations, but also
                                      allows deviations, but                               has additional
                                      also has additional                                  specifications.
                                      specifications.
E: Test engine selection,            Do not use. Use standard-    Use all...............  Use all.
 maintenance, and durability.         setting part.

[[Page 28352]]

 
F: Running an emission test in the   Use Sec.  Sec.   1065.590    Use all...............  Use all.
 laboratory.                          and 1065.595 for PM. Sec.
                                       1065.930 and Sec.
                                      1065.935 to start and run
                                      a field test.
G: Calculations and data             Use all. Sec.   1065.940     Use all...............  Use all. Sec.
 requirements.                        has additional calculation                           1065.940 has
                                      instructions.                                        additional
                                                                                           calculation
                                                                                           instructions.
H: Fuels, engine fluids, analytical  Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
 gases, and other calibration
 materials.
I: Testing with oxygenated fuels...  Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
K: Definitions and reference         Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
 materials.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Refer to paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section for complete specifications.

0
360. Amend Sec.  1065.915 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.915  PEMS instruments.

    (a) Instrument specifications. We recommend that you use PEMS that 
meet the specifications of subpart C of this part. For unrestricted use 
of PEMS in a laboratory or similar environment, use a PEMS that meets 
the same specifications as each lab instrument it replaces. For field 
testing or for testing with PEMS in a laboratory or similar 
environment, under the provisions of Sec.  1065.905(b), the 
specifications in the following table apply instead of the 
specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205:

                                 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.915--Recommended Minimum PEMS Measurement Instrument Performance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Rise time, t10-90,
                                   Measured quantity  and Fall time, t90-  Recording update                         Repeatability a
           Measurement                  symbol                10               frequency          Accuracy a                                Noise a
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine speed transducer.........  [fnof]n...........  1 s...............  1 Hz means........  5% of pt. or 1% of  2% of pt. or 1% of  0.5% of max.
                                                                                               max.                max.
Engine torque estimator, BSFC     T or BSFC.........  1 s...............  1 Hz means........  8% of pt. or 5% of  2% of pt. or 1% of  1% of max.
 (This is a signal from an                                                                     max.                max.
 engine's ECM).
General pressure transducer (not  p.................  5 s...............  1 Hz..............  5% of pt. or 5% of  2% of pt. or 0.5%   1% of max.
 a part of another instrument).                                                                max.                of max.
Atmospheric pressure meter......  patmo.............  50 s..............  0.1 Hz............  250 Pa............  200 Pa............  100 Pa.
General temperature sensor (not   T.................  5 s...............  1 Hz..............  1% of pt. K or 5 K  0.5% of pt. K or 2  0.5% of max 0.5 K.
 a part of another instrument).                                                                                    K.
General dewpoint sensor.........  Tdew..............  50 s..............  0.1 Hz............  3 K...............  1 K...............  1 K.
Exhaust flow meter..............  n.................  1 s...............  1 Hz means........  5% of pt. or 3% of  2% of pt..........  2% of max.
                                                                                               max.
Dilution air, inlet air,          n.................  1 s...............  1 Hz means........  2.5% of pt. or      1.25% of pt. or     1% of max.
 exhaust, and sample flow meters.                                                              1.5% of max.        0.75% of max.
Continuous gas analyzer.........  x.................  5 s...............  1 Hz..............  4% of pt. or 4% of  2% of pt. or 2% of  1% of max.
                                                                                               meas.               meas.
Gravimetric PM balance..........  mPM...............  ..................  ..................  See Sec.            0.5 [mu]g.........  ..................
                                                                                               1065.790.
Inertial PM balance.............  mPM...............  ..................  ..................  4% of pt. or 4% of  2% of pt. or 2% of  1% of max.
                                                                                               meas.               meas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Accuracy, repeatability, and noise are all determined with the same collected data, as described in Sec.   1065.305, and based on absolute values.
  ``pt.'' refers to the overall flow-weighted mean value expected at the standard; ``max.'' refers to the peak value expected at the standard over any
  test interval, not the maximum of the instrument's range; ``meas'' refers to the actual flow-weighted mean measured over any test interval.

* * * * *
0
361. Amend Sec.  1065.1001 by revising the definition of ``Test 
interval'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1001  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Test interval means a duration of time over which you determine 
mass of emissions. For example, the standard-setting part may specify a 
complete laboratory duty cycle as a cold-start test interval, plus a 
hot-start test interval. As another example, a standard-setting part 
may specify a field-test interval, such as a ``not-to-exceed'' (NTE) 
event, as a duration of time over which an engine operates within a 
certain range of speed and torque. In cases where multiple test 
intervals occur over a duty cycle, the standard-setting part may 
specify additional calculations that weight and combine results to 
arrive at composite values for comparison against the applicable 
standards.
* * * * *
0
362. Amend Sec.  1065.1005 by revising paragraphs (a), (c), (d), (e), 
and (f)(2) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1005  Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of 
measure.

* * * * *
    (a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols 
and units of measure for various quantities:

[[Page 28353]]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                               Units in terms of
         Symbol                  Quantity                   Unit               Unit symbol       SI base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[alpha]................  atomic hydrogen-to-      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
                          carbon ratio.
A......................  area...................  square meter...........  m2................  m2
a0.....................  intercept of least
                          squares regression.
a1.....................  slope of least squares
                          regression.
ag.....................  acceleration of Earth's  meter per square second  m/s2..............  m[middot]s-2
                          gravity.
[beta].................  ratio of diameters.....  meter per meter........  m/m...............  1
[beta].................  atomic oxygen-to-carbon  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
                          ratio.
C.....................  number of carbon atoms
                          in a molecule.
c......................  power-specific carbon    gram per kilowatt hour.  g/(kW[middot]hr)..  g[middot]3.6[midd
                          mass error coefficient.                                               ot]10-6[middot]m-
                                                                                                2[middot]kg-
                                                                                                1[middot]s2
Cd.....................  discharge coefficient..
Cf.....................  flow coefficient.......
[delta]................  atomic nitrogen-to-      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
                          carbon ratio.
d......................  diameter...............  meter..................  m.................  m
d......................  power-specific carbon    gram per kilowatt hour.  g/(kW[middot]hr)..  g[middot]3.6[midd
                          mass rate absolute                                                    ot]10-6[middot]m-
                          error coefficent.                                                     2[middot]kg-
                                                                                                1[middot]s2
DR.....................  dilution ratio.........  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
[egr]..................  error between a
                          quantity and its
                          reference.
[epsi].................  Difference or error
                          quantity.
e......................  brake-specific emission  gram per kilowatt hour.  g/(kW[middot]hr)..  3.6-1[middot]10-
                          or fuel consumption.                                                  9[middot]m-
                                                                                                2[middot]s2
F......................  F-test statistic.......
[fnof].................  frequency..............  hertz..................  Hz................  s-1
[fnof]n................  angular speed (shaft)..  revolutions per minute.  r/min.............  [pi][middot]30-
                                                                                                1[middot]s-1
[gamma]................  ratio of specific heats  (joule per kilogram      (J/(kg[middot]K))/  1
                                                   kelvin) per (joule per   (J/(kg[middot]K)).
                                                   kilogram kelvin).
[gamma]................  atomic sulfur-to-carbon  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
                          ratio.
K......................  correction factor......  .......................  ..................  1
Kv.....................  calibration coefficient  .......................  m4[middot]s[middot  m4[middot]kg-
                                                                            ]K0.5/kg.           1[middot]s[middo
                                                                                                t]K0.5
l......................  length.................  meter..................  m.................  m
L......................  limit..................
[mu]...................  viscosity, dynamic.....  pascal second..........  Pa[middot]s.......  m-
                                                                                                1[middot]kg[midd
                                                                                                ot]s-1
M......................  molar mass a...........  gram per mole..........  g/mol.............  10-
                                                                                                3[middot]kg[midd
                                                                                                ot]mol-1
m......................  mass...................  kilogram...............  kg................  kg
m......................  mass rate..............  kilogram per second....  kg/s..............  kg[middot]s-1
v......................  viscosity, kinematic...  meter squared per        m2/s..............  m2[middot]s-1
                                                   second.
N......................  total number in series.
n......................  amount of substance....  mole...................  mol...............  mol
n......................  amount of substance      mole per second........  mol/s.............  mol[middot]s-1
                          rate.
P......................  power..................  kilowatt...............  kW................  103[middot]m2[mid
                                                                                                dot]kg[middot]s-
                                                                                                3
PF.....................  penetration fraction...
p......................  pressure...............  pascal.................  Pa................  m-
                                                                                                1[middot]kg[midd
                                                                                                ot]s-2
[rho]..................  mass density...........  kilogram per cubic       kg/m3.............  m-3[middot]kg
                                                   meter.
[Delta]p...............  differential static      pascal.................  Pa................  m-
                          pressure.                                                             1[middot]kg[midd
                                                                                                ot]s-2
r......................  ratio of pressures.....  pascal per pascal......  Pa/Pa.............  1
r2.....................  coefficient of
                          determination.
Ra.....................  average surface          micrometer.............  [mu]m.............  10-6[middot]m
                          roughness.
Re....................  Reynolds number........
RF.....................  response factor........
RH.....................  relative humidity......
[sigma]................  non-biased standard
                          deviation.
S......................  Sutherland constant....  kelvin.................  K.................  K
SEE....................  standard estimate of
                          error.
T......................  absolute temperature...  kelvin.................  K.................  K
T......................  Celsius temperature....  degree Celsius.........  [deg]C............  K-273.15
T......................  torque (moment of        newton meter...........  N[middot]m........  m2[middot]kg[midd
                          force).                                                               ot]s-2
[thetas]...............  plane angle............  degrees................  [deg].............  rad
t......................  time...................  second.................  s.................  s
[Delta]t...............  time interval, period,   second.................  s.................  s
                          1/frequency.
V......................  volume.................  cubic meter............  m3................  m3
V......................  volume rate............  cubic meter per second.  m3/s..............  m3[middot]s-1
W......................  work...................  kilowatt-hour..........  kW[middot]hr......  3.6[middot]106[mi
                                                                                                ddot]m2[middot]k
                                                                                                g[middot]s-2
wC.....................  carbon mass fraction...  gram per gram..........  g/g...............  1
x......................  amount of substance      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
                          mole fraction b.
x......................  flow-weighted mean       mole per mole..........  mol/mol...........  1
                          concentration.
y......................  generic variable.......
Z......................  compressibility factor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See paragraph (f)(2) of this section for the values to use for molar masses. Note that in the cases of NOX and
  HC, the regulations specify effective molar masses based on assumed speciation rather than actual speciation.
b Note that mole fractions for THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NOTHC are expressed on a C1-equivalent basis.

[[Page 28354]]

* * * * *
    (c) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixes for units and 
unit symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Symbol                     Prefix name          Factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[micro]...........................  micro...............            10-6
m.................................  milli...............            10-3
c.................................  centi...............            10-2
k.................................  kilo................             103
M.................................  mega................             106
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                            Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y).......................  arithmetic mean.
overdot (such as y).......................  quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Subscript                             Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a......................................  absolute (e.g., absolute
                                          difference or error).
abs....................................  absolute quantity.
act....................................  actual condition.
air....................................  air, dry.
amb....................................  ambient.
atmos..................................  atmospheric.
bkgnd..................................  background.
cal....................................  calibration quantity.
CFV....................................  critical flow venturi.
C......................................  carbon mass.
comb...................................  combined.
comp...................................  composite value.
cor....................................  corrected quantity.
dil....................................  dilution air.
dew....................................  dewpoint.
dexh...................................  diluted exhaust.
dry....................................  dry condition.
dutycycle..............................  duty cycle.
[epsi].................................  related to a difference or
                                          error quantity.
exh....................................  raw exhaust.
exp....................................  expected quantity.
fluid..................................  fluid stream.
fn.....................................  feedback speed.
frict..................................  friction.
fuel...................................  fuel consumption.
hi,idle................................  condition at high-idle.
i......................................  an individual of a series.
idle...................................  condition at idle.
in.....................................  quantity in.
init...................................  initial quantity, typically
                                          before an emission test.
int....................................  intake air.
j......................................  an individual of a series.
mapped.................................  conditions over which an engine
                                          can operate.
max....................................  the maximum (i.e., peak) value
                                          expected at the standard over
                                          a test interval; not the
                                          maximum of an instrument
                                          range.
meas...................................  measured quantity.
media..................................  PM sample media.
mix....................................  mixture of diluted exhaust and
                                          air.
norm...................................  normalized.
out....................................  quantity out.
P......................................  power.
part...................................  partial quantity.
PDP....................................  positive-displacement pump.
post...................................  after the test interval.
pre....................................  before the test interval.
prod...................................  stoichiometric product.
r......................................  relative (e.g., relative
                                          difference or error).
rate...................................  rate (divided by time).
record.................................  record rate.
ref....................................  reference quantity.
rev....................................  revolution.
sat....................................  saturated condition.
s......................................  slip.
span...................................  span quantity.
SSV....................................  subsonic venturi.
std....................................  standard condition.
stroke.................................  engine strokes per power
                                          stroke.
T......................................  torque.
test...................................  test quantity.
test, alt..............................  alternate test quantity.
uncor..................................  uncorrected quantity.
vac....................................  vacuum side of the sampling
                                          system.
weight.................................  calibration weight.

[[Page 28355]]

 
zero...................................  zero quantity.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) * * *
    (2) This part uses the following molar masses or effective molar 
masses of chemical species:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      g/mol (10-
        Symbol               Quantity         3[middot]kg[middot]mol-1)
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mair.................  molar mass of dry                  28.96559
                        air a.
MAr..................  molar mass of argon.                 39.948
MC...................  molar mass of carbon                12.0107
MCH3OH...............  molar mass of                      32.04186
                        methanol.
MC2H5OH..............  molar mass of                      46.06844
                        ethanol.
MC2H4O...............  molar mass of                      44.05256
                        acetaldehyde.
MCH4N2O..............  molar mass of urea..               60.05526
MC2H6................  molar mass of ethane               30.06904
MC3H8................  molar mass of                      44.09562
                        propane.
MC3H7OH..............  molar mass of                      60.09502
                        propanol.
MCO..................  molar mass of carbon                28.0101
                        monoxide.
MCH4.................  molar mass of                       16.0425
                        methane.
MCO2.................  molar mass of carbon                44.0095
                        dioxide.
MH...................  molar mass of atomic                1.00794
                        hydrogen.
MH2..................  molar mass of                       2.01588
                        molecular hydrogen.
MH2O.................  molar mass of water.               18.01528
MCH2O................  molar mass of                      30.02598
                        formaldehyde.
MHe..................  molar mass of helium               4.002602
MN...................  molar mass of atomic                14.0067
                        nitrogen.
MN2..................  molar mass of                       28.0134
                        molecular nitrogen.
MNH3.................  molar mass of                      17.03052
                        ammonia.
MNMHC................  effective C1 molar                13.875389
                        mass of nonmethane
                        hydrocarbon b.
MNMHCE...............  effective C1 molar                13.875389
                        mass of nonmethane
                        hydrocarbon
                        equivalent b.
MNMNEHC..............  effective C1 molar                13.875389
                        mass of nonmethane-
                        nonethane
                        hydrocarbon b.
MNOx.................  effective molar mass                46.0055
                        of oxides of
                        nitrogen c.
MN2O.................  molar mass of                       44.0128
                        nitrous oxide.
MO...................  molar mass of atomic                15.9994
                        oxygen.
MO2..................  molar mass of                       31.9988
                        molecular oxygen.
MS...................  molar mass of sulfur                 32.065
MTHC.................  effective C1 molar                13.875389
                        mass of total
                        hydrocarbon b.
MTHCE................  effective C1 molar                13.875389
                        mass of total
                        hydrocarbon
                        equivalent b.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a See paragraph (f)(1) of this section for the composition of dry air.
b The effective molar masses of THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NMNEHC are
  defined on a C1 basis and are based on an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon
  ratio, [alpha], of 1.85 (with [beta], [gamma], and [delta] equal to
  zero).
c The effective molar mass of NOX is defined by the molar mass of
  nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

* * * * *

PART 1066--VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
363. The authority statement for part 1066 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
364. Amend Sec.  1066.1 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (g) For additional information regarding these test procedures, 
visit our website at www.epa.gov, and in particular https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-fuel-emissions-testing/vehicle-testing-regulations.
0
365. Amend Sec.  1066.135 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1066.135  Linearity verification.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Use instrument manufacturer recommendations and good 
engineering judgment to select at least ten reference values, 
yrefi, that cover the range of values that you expect during 
testing (to prevent extrapolation beyond the verified range during 
emission testing). We recommend selecting zero as one of your reference 
values. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-
squares best-fit straight line is 2% or less of the value at each data 
point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a straight-line 
curve fit for that range. If the deviation exceeds 2% at any point, use 
the best-fit nonlinear equation that represents the data to within 2% 
of each test point to determine concentration. If you use a gas divider 
to blend calibration gases, you may verify that the calibration curve 
produced names a calibration gas within 2% of its certified 
concentration. Perform this verification between 10 and 60% of the 
full-scale analyzer range.
* * * * *
0
366. Amend Sec.  1066.210 by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1066.210  Dynamometers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) The load applied by the dynamometer simulates forces acting on 
the vehicle during normal driving according to the following equation:

[[Page 28356]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.166

Where:

FR = total road-load force to be applied at the surface of the roll. 
The total force is the sum of the individual tractive forces applied 
at each roll surface.
i = a counter to indicate a point in time over the driving schedule. 
For a dynamometer operating at 10-Hz intervals over a 600-second 
driving schedule, the maximum value of i should be 6,000.
A = a vehicle-specific constant value representing the vehicle's 
frictional load in lbf or newtons. See subpart D of this part.
Gi = instantaneous road grade, in percent. If your duty 
cycle is not subject to road grade, set this value to 0.
B = a vehicle-specific coefficient representing load from drag and 
rolling resistance, which are a function of vehicle speed, in lbf/
(mi/hr) or Ns/m. See subpart D of this part.
v = instantaneous linear speed at the roll surfaces as measured by 
the dynamometer, in mi/hr or m/s. Let vi-1 = 0 for i = 0.
C = a vehicle-specific coefficient representing aerodynamic effects, 
which are a function of vehicle speed squared, in lbf/(mi/hr)\2\ or 
N[middot]s\2\/m\2\. See subpart D of this part.
Me = the vehicle's effective mass in lbm or kg, including 
the effect of rotating axles as specified in Sec.  1066.310(b)(7).
t = elapsed time in the driving schedule as measured by the 
dynamometer, in seconds. Let ti-1 = 0 for i = 0.
M = the measured vehicle mass, in lbm or kg.
ag = acceleration of Earth's gravity = 9.80665 m/s\2\.
* * * * *
0
367. Amend Sec.  1066.255 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.255  Parasitic loss verification.

* * * * *
    (c) Procedure. Perform this verification by following the 
dynamometer manufacturer's specifications to establish a parasitic loss 
curve, taking data at fixed speed intervals to cover the range of 
vehicle speeds that will occur during testing. You may zero the load 
cell at a selected speed if that improves your ability to determine the 
parasitic loss. Parasitic loss forces may never be negative. Note that 
the torque transducers must be mathematically zeroed and spanned prior 
to performing this procedure.
* * * * *
0
368. Amend Sec.  1066.270 by revising paragraph (c)(4) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1066.270  Unloaded coastdown verification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) Determine the mean coastdown force, F, for each speed and 
inertia setting for each of the coastdowns performed using the 
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.167

Where:

F = the mean force measured during the coastdown for each speed 
interval and inertia setting, expressed in lbf and rounded to four 
significant figures.
I = the dynamometer's inertia setting, in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
vinit = the speed at the start of the coastdown interval, 
expressed in ft/s to at least four significant figures.
vfinal = the speed at the end of the coastdown interval, 
expressed in ft/s to at least four significant figures.
    t = coastdown time for each speed interval and inertia setting, 
accurate to at least 0.01 s.

Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 62.16 lbf[middot]s\2\/ft
vinit = 25 mi/hr = 36.66 ft/s
vfinal = 15 mi/hr = 22.0 ft/s
t = 5.00 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.168

* * * * *
0
369. Amend Sec.  1066.275 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.275  Daily dynamometer readiness verification.

* * * * *
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial 
installation, within 1 day before testing, and after major maintenance. 
You may run this within 7 days before testing if, over a period of 
time, you have data to support a less frequent verification interval.
* * * * *
0
370. Revise Sec.  1066.405 to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.405  Vehicle preparation, preconditioning, and maintenance.

    (a) Prepare the vehicle for testing (including measurement of 
evaporative and refueling emissions if appropriate), as described in 
the standard-setting part.
    (b) If you inspect a vehicle, keep a record of the inspection and 
update your application to document any changes that result. You may 
use any kind of equipment, instrument, or tool to identify bad engine 
components or perform maintenance if it is available at dealerships and 
other service outlets.
    (c) You may repair a test vehicle as needed for defective parts 
that are unrelated to emission control. You must ask us to approve 
repairs that might affect the vehicle's emission controls. If we 
determine that a part failure, system malfunction, or associated 
repairs make the vehicle's emission controls unrepresentative of 
production engines, you may no longer use it as an emission-data 
vehicle. Also, if engine installed in the test vehicle has a major 
mechanical failure that requires you to take the vehicle apart, you may 
no longer use the vehicle as an emission-data vehicle.
0
371. Amend Sec.  1066.420 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1066.420  Test preparation.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) For vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR, you may test vehicles at 
any humidity.

       Table 1 of Sec.   1066.420--Test Cell Humidity Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Humidity
                                      requirement    Tolerance  (grains
            Test cycle                (grains H2O     H2O per pound dry
                                     per pound dry          air)
                                         air)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AC17..............................              69   5
                                                     average,
                                                     10
                                                     instantaneous
FTP\a\ and LA-92..................              50  ....................
HFET..............................              50  ....................
SC03..............................             100   5
US06..............................              50  ....................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ FTP humidity requirement does not apply for cold (-7 [deg]C),
  intermediate (10 [deg]C), and hot (35 [deg]C) temperature testing.

* * * * *
0
372. Amend Sec.  1066.605 by revising paragraphs (c)(4) and (h)(2)(i) 
to read as follows:

[[Page 28357]]

Sec.  1066.605  Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emission 
calculations.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) For vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR, calculate HC 
concentrations, including dilution air background concentrations, as 
described in this section, and as described in Sec.  1066.635 for NMOG. 
For emission testing of vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR, with fuels 
that contain 25% or more oxygenated compounds by volume, calculate THCE 
and NMHCE concentrations, including dilution air background 
concentrations, as described in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart I.
* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) Varying flow rate. If you continuously sample from a varying 
exhaust flow rate, calculate V[flow] using the following 
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.169

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.179

Example:

N = 505
Qcvs1 = 0.276 m\3\/s
Qcvs2 = 0.294 m\3\/s
frecord = 1 Hz

    Using Eq. 1066.605-11,

[Delta]t = 1/1 = 1 s
Vcvs (0.276 + 0.294 + ... + Qcvs505)[middot]1
Vcvs = 170.721 m\3\
* * * * *
0
373. Amend Sec.  1066.610 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.610  Dilution air background correction.

* * * * *
    (d) Determine the time-weighted dilution factor, DFw, 
over the duty cycle using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.170

Where:

N = number of test intervals.
i = test interval number
t = duration of the test interval.
DF = dilution factor over the test interval.

Example:

    N = 3
    DF1 = 14.40
    t1 = 505 s
    DF2 = 24.48
    t2 = 867 s
    DF3 = 17.28
    t3 = 505 s
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.171
    
0
374. Amend Sec.  1066.710 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.710  Cold temperature testing procedures for measuring CO 
and NMHC emissions and determining fuel economy.

* * * * *
    (c) Heater and defroster. During the test, operate the vehicle's 
interior climate control system with the heat on and air conditioning 
off. You may not use any supplemental auxiliary heat during this 
testing. You may set the heater to any temperature and fan setting 
during vehicle preconditioning.
    (1) Manual control. Unless you rely on automatic control as 
specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, take the following steps 
to control heater settings:
    (i) Set the climate control system as follows before the first 
acceleration (t = 20 s), or before starting the vehicle if the climate 
control system allows it:
    (A) Temperature. Set controls to maximum heat. For systems that 
allow the operator to select a specific temperature, set the heater 
control to 72 [deg]F or higher.
    (B) Fan speed. Set the fan speed to full off or the lowest 
available speed if a full off position is not available.
    (C) Airflow direction. Direct airflow to the front window (window 
defrost mode).
    (D) Air source. If independently controllable, set the system to 
draw in outside air.
    (ii) At the second idle of the test cycle, which occurs 125 seconds 
after the start of the test, set the fan speed to maximum. Complete by 
130 seconds after the start of the test. Leave temperature and air 
source settings unchanged
    (iii) At the sixth idle of the test interval, which occurs at the 
deceleration to zero miles per hour 505 seconds after the start of the 
test, set the fan speed to the lowest setting that maintains air flow. 
Complete these changes by 510 seconds after the start of the test. You 
may use different vent and fan speed settings for the remainder of the 
test. Leave the temperature and air source settings unchanged.
    (2) Automatic control. Vehicles with automatic control systems may 
instead operate as described in this paragraph (c)(2). Set the 
temperature to 72 [deg]F in automatic control for the whole test. If 
the system allows the operator to select the location of the output 
airflow without disabling automatic control, set the air flow control 
to the front window defrost mode for the whole test.
    (3) Multiple-zone systems. For vehicles that have separate driver 
and passenger controls or separate front and rear controls, you must 
set all temperature and fan controls as described in paragraphs (c)(1) 
and (2) of this section, except that rear controls need not be set to 
defrost the front window.
    (4) Alternative test procedures. We may approve the use of other 
settings under 40 CFR 86.1840 if a vehicle's climate control system is 
not compatible with the provisions of this section.
* * * * *
0
375. Amend Sec.  1066.801 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.801  Applicability and general provisions.

* * * * *
    (e) The following figure illustrates the FTP test sequence for 
measuring exhaust and evaporative emissions:
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[[Page 28358]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP12MY20.172

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
0
376. Amend Sec.  1066.835 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.835  Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.

* * * * *
    (a) Drain and refill the vehicle's fuel tank(s) if testing starts 
more than 72 hours after the most recent FTP or HFET measurement (with 
or without evaporative emission measurements).
* * * * *
0
377. Revise Sec.  1066.930 to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.930  Equipment for point-source measurement of running 
losses.

    For point-source measurement of running loss emissions, use 
equipment meeting the specifications in 40 CFR 86.107-96(i).
0
378. Amend Sec.  1066.1005 by revising paragraphs (c), (d), and (f) to 
read as follows:

Sec.  1066.1005  Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of 
measure.

* * * * *
    (c) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                            Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y).......................  arithmetic mean.
overdot (such as y).......................  quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28359]]

    (d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts for 
modifying quantity symbols:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subscript                             Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0............................  reference.
abs..........................  absolute quantity.
AC17.........................  air conditioning 2017 test interval.
act..........................  actual or measured condition.
actint.......................  actual or measured condition over the
                                speed interval.
adj..........................  adjusted.
air..........................  air, dry.
atmos........................  atmospheric.
b............................  base.
bkgnd........................  background.
c............................  cold.
comp.........................  composite.
cor..........................  corrected.
cs...........................  cold stabilized.
ct...........................  cold transient.
cUDDS........................  cold-start UDDS.
D............................  driven.
dew..........................  dewpoint.
dexh.........................  dilute exhaust quantity.
dil..........................  dilute.
e............................  effective.
emission.....................  emission specie.
error........................  error.
EtOH.........................  ethanol.
exh..........................  raw exhaust quantity.
exp..........................  expected quantity.
fil..........................  filter.
final........................  final.
flow.........................  flow measurement device type.
gas..........................  gaseous.
h............................  hot.
HFET.........................  highway fuel economy test.
hs...........................  hot stabilized.
ht...........................  hot transient.
hUDDS........................  hot-start UDDS.
i............................  an individual of a series.
ID...........................  driven inertia.
in...........................  inlet.
int..........................  intake.
init.........................  initial quantity, typically before an
                                emission test.
IT...........................  target inertia.
liq..........................  liquid.
max..........................  the maximum (i.e., peak) value expected
                                at the standard over a test interval;
                                not the maximum of an instrument range.
meas.........................  measured quantity.
mix..........................  dilute exhaust gas mixture.
out..........................  outlet.
PM...........................  particulate matter.
record.......................  record.
ref..........................  reference quantity.
rev..........................  revolution.
roll.........................  dynamometer roll.
s............................  settling.
s............................  slip.
s............................  stabilized.
sat..........................  saturated condition.
SC03.........................  air conditioning driving schedule.
span.........................  span quantity.
sda..........................  secondary dilution air.
std..........................  standard conditions.
T............................  target.
t............................  throat.
test.........................  test quantity.
uncor........................  uncorrected quantity.
w............................  weighted.
zero.........................  zero quantity.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28360]]

* * * * *
    (f) This part uses the following densities of chemical species:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Symbol                              Quantity \a\ \b\                 g/m\3\          g/ft\3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[rho]CH4...............................  density of methane.....................         666.905         18.8847
[rho]CH3OH.............................  density of methanol....................         1332.02         37.7185
[rho]C2H5OH............................  C1-equivalent density of ethanol.......         957.559         27.1151
[rho]C2H4O.............................  C1-equivalent density of acetaldehyde..         915.658         25.9285
[rho]C3H8..............................  density of propane.....................         611.035         17.3026
[rho]C3H7OH............................  C1-equivalent density of propanol......          832.74         23.5806
[rho]CO................................  density of carbon monoxide.............         1164.41         32.9725
[rho]CO2...............................  density of carbon dioxide..............         1829.53         51.8064
[rho]HC-gas............................  effective density of hydrocarbon--              (see 3)         (see 3)
                                          gaseous fuel \c\.
[rho]CH2O..............................  density of formaldehyde................         1248.21         35.3455
[rho]HC-liq............................  effective density of hydrocarbon--              576.816         16.3336
                                          liquid fuel \d\.
[rho]NMHC-gas..........................  effective density of nonmethane                 (see 3)         (see 3)
                                          hydrocarbon--gaseous fuel \c\.
[rho]NMHC-liq..........................  effective density of nonmethane                 576.816         16.3336
                                          hydrocarbon--liquid fuel \d\.
[rho]NMHCE-gas.........................  effective density of nonmethane                 (see 3)         (see 3)
                                          equivalent hydrocarbon--gaseous fuel
                                          \c\.
[rho]NMHCE-liq.........................  effective density of nonmethane                 576.816         16.3336
                                          equivalent hydrocarbon--liquid fuel
                                          \d\.
[rho]NOx...............................  effective density of oxides of nitrogen          1912.5          54.156
                                          \e\.
[rho]N2O...............................  density of nitrous oxide...............         1829.66         51.8103
[rho]THC-liq...........................  effective density of total hydrocarbon--        576.816         16.3336
                                          liquid fuel \d\.
[rho]THCE-liq..........................  effective density of total equivalent           576.816         16.3336
                                          hydrocarbon--liquid fuel \d\.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Densities are given at 20 [deg]C and 101.325 kPa.
\b\Densities for all hydrocarbon containing quantities are given in g/m\3\-carbon atom and g/ft\3\-carbon atom.
\c\The effective density for natural gas fuel and liquefied petroleum gas fuel are defined by an atomic hydrogen-
  to-carbon ratio, [alpha], of the hydrocarbon components of the test fuel. [rho]HCgas = 41.57[middot](12.011 +
  ([alpha][middot]1.008)).
\d\The effective density for gasoline and diesel fuel are defined by an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio,
  [alpha], of 1.85.
\e\The effective density of NOX is defined by the molar mass of nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

* * * * *
0
379. Amend Sec.  1066.1010 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1066.1010  1010 Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) SAE J1634, Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and 
Range Test Procedure, revised July 2017, IBR approved for Sec.  
1066.501(a).
* * * * *

PART 1068--GENERAL COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS FOR HIGHWAY, STATIONARY, 
AND NONROAD PROGRAMS

0
380. The authority statement for part 1068 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
381. Amend Sec.  1068.1 by revising paragraph (a) and removing and 
reserving paragraph (d)(2) to n reads as follows:

Sec.  1068.1  Does this part apply to me?

    (a) The provisions of this part apply to everyone with respect to 
the engine and equipment categories as described in this paragraph (a). 
They apply to everyone, including owners, operators, parts 
manufacturers, and persons performing maintenance. Where we identify an 
engine category, the provisions of this part also apply with respect to 
the equipment using such engines. This part 1068 applies to different 
engine and equipment categories as follows:
    (1) This part 1068 applies to motor vehicles we regulate under 40 
CFR part 86, subpart S, to the extent and in the manner specified in 40 
CFR parts 85 and 86.
    (2) This part 1068 applies for heavy-duty motor vehicles we 
regulate under 40 CFR part 1037, subject to the provisions of 40 CFR 
parts 85 and 1037. This includes trailers. This part 1068 applies to 
other heavy-duty motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines to the extent 
and in the manner specified in 40 CFR parts 85, 86, and 1036.
    (3) This part 1068 applies to highway motorcycles we regulate under 
40 CFR part 86, subparts E and F, to the extent and in the manner 
specified in 40 CFR parts 85 and 86.
    (4) This part 1068 applies to aircraft we regulate under 40 CFR 
part 87 to the extent and in the manner specified in 40 CFR part 87.
    (5) This part 1068 applies for locomotives that are subject to the 
provisions of 40 CFR part 1033. This part 1068 does not apply for 
locomotives or locomotive engines that were originally manufactured 
before July 7, 2008, and that have not been remanufactured on or after 
July 7, 2008.
    (6) This part 1068 applies for land-based nonroad compression-
ignition engines that are subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 
1039.
    (7) This part 1068 applies for stationary compression-ignition 
engines certified using the provisions of 40 CFR parts 1039 and 1042 as 
described in 40 CFR part 60, subpart IIII.
    (8) This part 1068 applies for marine compression-ignition engines 
that are subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1042.
    (9) This part 1068 applies for marine spark-ignition engines that 
are subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1045.
    (10) This part 1068 applies for large nonroad spark-ignition 
engines that are subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1048.
    (11) This part 1068 applies for stationary spark-ignition engines 
certified using the provisions of 40 CFR part 1048 or part 1054, as 
described in 40 CFR part 60, subpart JJJJ.
    (12) This part 1068 applies for recreational engines and vehicles, 
including snowmobiles, off-highway motorcycles, and all-terrain 
vehicles that are subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1051.
    (13) This part applies for small nonroad spark-ignition engines 
that are subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 1054.
    (14) This part applies for fuel-system components installed in 
nonroad equipment powered by volatile liquid fuels that are subject to 
the provisions of 40 CFR part 1060.
* * * * *
0
382. Amend Sec.  1068.10 by revising the section heading and paragraphs 
(b) and (c) to read as follows:

[[Page 28361]]

Sec.  1068.10  Confidential business information.

* * * * *
    (b) We will store your confidential business information as 
described in 40 CFR part 2. Also, we will disclose it only as specified 
in 40 CFR part 2. This applies both to any information you send us and 
to any information we collect from inspections, audits, or other site 
visits.
    (c) If you send us a second copy without the confidential business 
information, we will assume it contains nothing confidential whenever 
we need to release information from it.
* * * * *
0
383. Amend Sec.  1068.30 by adding a definition for ``Element of 
design'' in alphabetical order to read as follows:

Sec.  1068.30  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Element of design includes any computer software, electronic 
control system, emission control system, or computer logic, along with 
any related calibrations. Element of design also includes the results 
of related interaction with hardware items or other parameter settings 
on engines/equipment.
* * * * *
0
384. Amend Sec.  1068.240 by revising paragraph (c)(3) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  1068.240  Exempting new replacement engines.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (3) Send the Designated Compliance Officer a report by September 30 
of the year following any year in which you produced exempted 
replacement engines under this paragraph (c). In your report include 
the total number of replacement engines you produce under this 
paragraph (c) for each category or subcategory, as appropriate, and the 
corresponding total production volumes determined under paragraph 
(c)(1) of this section. If you send us a report under this paragraph 
(c)(3), you must also include the total number of replacement engines 
you produced under paragraphs (b), (d), and (e) of this section 
(including any replacement marine engines subject to reporting under 40 
CFR 1042.615). Count exempt engines as tracked under paragraph (b) of 
this section only if you meet all the requirements and conditions that 
apply under paragraph (b)(2) of this section by the due date for the 
annual report. You may include the information required under this 
paragraph (c)(3) in production reports required under the standard-
setting part.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2020-05963 Filed 5-11-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P