Document ID: EPA-HQ-RCRA-2006-0984-0040
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2007-01-18T05:00Z

EPA 2005c.  Integrated Risk Information System.  Database updated at
varying intervals, accessible at   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/intro.htm"  http://www.epa.gov/iris/intro.htm .
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development.  Washington, D.C.  2005.

Summary sheets for the constituents of potential concern that were
evaluated in Technical Support Document: Assessment of potential risks
from managing F019 from the motor vehicle manufacturing industry, from
the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) that was updated as of
April 4, 2006 are reprinted below.  At the beginning of each summary
sheet (accessible as the “QuickView” for each chemical constituent)
is the Internet address for that particular summary sheet.  The summary
sheet/QuickView reprint for each chemical constituent contains numerous
embedded links to the complete IRIS entry (full IRIS summary) for that
constituent that can be found at   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/intro.htm"  http://www.epa.gov/iris/intro.htm .

  HYPERLINK
"http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0128" 
http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0128 

Acetone (CASRN 67-64-1)

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html"  List of IRIS
Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0128-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Acetone

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 07/31/2003

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

07/31/2003

Inhalation RfC Assessment

Discussion

07/31/2003

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

07/31/2003

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Nephropathy

NOAEL : 900 mg/kg-day

1000

1

0.9 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Subchronic drinking water study in rats, Dietz, et., al, 1991; NTP, 1991

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer
guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

In accordance with the Draft Revised Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk
Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1999) data are inadequate for an assessment of the
human carcinogenic potential of acetone. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0128.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

67-64-1

Dimethylformaldehyde

Dimethyl ketone

Ketone, dimethyl

beta-Ketopropane

Methyl ketone

Propanone

Pyroacetic acid

Pyroacetic ether

UN 1090

Acetone

Dimethylketal

Ketone propane

2-Propanone

RCRA Waste Number U002

 

 

 

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Last Updated on Tuesday, April 4, 2006

 

  HYPERLINK
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Acetonitrile (CASRN 75-05-8)

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html"  List of IRIS
Substances 

Top of Form

Search IRIS by Keyword

 

 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0205-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Acetonitrile

File First On-Line: 09/30/1987

Last Significant Revision: 03/03/1999

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "reforal" 
Withdrawn; discussion 

03/03/1999

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

03/03/1999

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

03/03/1999

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "reforal"  Full IRIS Summary
. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Mortality

NOAEL (HEC): 60 mg/m3

100

10

6x10-2 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Mouse subchronic/chronic inhalation studies, NTP, 1996

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA,
1996), the carcinogenic potential of ACN following inhalation, oral, or
dermal exposure is best characterized as "cannot be determined because
the existing evidence is composed of conflicting data (e.g., some
evidence is suggestive of carcinogenic effects, but other equally
pertinent evidence does not confirm any concern)." 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0205.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

75-05-8

Acetonitril

Acetonitrile

Cyanomethane

Cyanure de methyl

Ethanenitrile

Ethyl nitrile

Methanecarbonitrile

Methane, cyano-

Methyl cyanide

NA 1648

NCI-C60822

RCRA Waste Number u003

UN 1648

USAF EK-488

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Acetophenone (CASRN 98-86-2)

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html"  List of IRIS
Substances 

Top of Form

Search IRIS by Keyword

 

 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Acetophenone

File First On-Line: 08/22/1988

Last Significant Revision: 02/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

01/01/1989

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

08/01/1992

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

02/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

General toxicity

NOAEL : 423 mg/kg-day

3000

1

1 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat oral subchronic study, Hagen et al., 1967

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on no human data and no animal data. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0321.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

98-86-2

Acetophenone

Acetyl benzene

Hypnone

Phenyl methyl acetone

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Acrolein (CASRN 107-02-8)

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html"  List of IRIS
Substances 

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Search IRIS by Keyword

 

 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0364-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Acrolein

File First On-Line: 09/07/1988

Last Significant Revision: 06/03/2003

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

06/03/2003

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

06/03/2003

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

06/03/2003

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased survival

NOAEL : 0.05 mg/kg-day

100

1

5 x10-4 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Chronic gavage rat study, Parent et. al., 1992a

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- High

RfD -- Medium/High

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Nasal lesions

LOAEL (HEC): 0.02 mg/m3

1000

1

2x10-5 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Subchronic rat inhalation study, Feron et. al., 1978

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Low/Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer
guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Draft Revised Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S.
EPA, 1999), the potential carcinogenicity of acrolein cannot be
determined because the existing data are inadequate for an assessment of
human carcinogenic potential for either the oral or inhalation route of
exposure. There are no adequate human studies of the carcinogenic
potential of acrolein. Collectively, experimental studies provide
inadequate evidence that acrolein causes cancer in laboratory animals. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0364.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

107-02-8

Acraldehyde

Acrolein

Acrylaldehyde

2-Propenal

Allyl aldehyde

Ethylene aldehyde

Propenal

Prop-2-en-l-al

 

 

 

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Acrylamide (CASRN 79-06-1)

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/index.html"  List of IRIS
Substances 

Top of Form

Search IRIS by Keyword

 

 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Acrylamide

File First On-Line: 09/26/1988

Last Significant Revision: 01/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

03/01/1991

Inhalation RfC Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "refinhal" 
Message 

11/01/1990

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

07/01/1993

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Nerve damage

NOEL : 0.2 mg/kg-day

1000

1

2 x10-4 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat subchronic drinking water study, Burek et al., 1980

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B2 (Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on inadequate human data and sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals; significantly increased incidences of benign
and/or malignant tumors at multiple sites in both sexes of rats, and
carcinogenic effects in a series of one-year limited bioassays in mice
by several routes of exposures. The classification is supported by
positive genotoxicity data, adduct formation activity, and
structure-activity relationships to vinyl carbamate and acrylonitrile. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "quaoral"  Oral
Slope Factor(s) 

Extrapolation Method

4.5 per mg/kg-day

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "quaoral" 
Drinking Water Unit Risk(s) : 

1.3x10-4 per ug/L 

Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

8x10-1 ug/L

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

8x10-2 ug/L

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

8x10-3 ug/L

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "doseoral" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) 

Tumor Type: CNS, mammary and thyroid glands, uterus, oral cavity
(combined)

Test Species: Rat/Fischer 344, female

Route: Oral, drinking water

Reference: Johnson et al., 1986 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.3x10-3 per ug/m3

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

8x10-2 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

8x10-3 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

8x10-4 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: CNS, mammary and thyroid glands, uterus, oral cavity
(combined)

Test Species: Rat/Fischer 344, female

Route: Oral, drinking water

Reference: Johnson et al., 1986 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0286.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

79-06-1

Acrylamide

Acrylic amide

Akrylamid

Amid kyseliny akrylove

Ethylenecarboxamide

Propenamide

2-Propenamide

RCRA Waste Number u007

UN 2074

 

 

 

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Allyl chloride (CASRN 107-05-1)

 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Allyl chloride

File First On-Line: 09/01/1990

Last Significant Revision: 12/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

No data

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

05/01/1995

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

08/01/1994

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Functional and histological peripheral neurotoxicity

NOAEL (HEC): 3.6 mg/m3

3000

1

1x10-3 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Rabbit subchronic inhalation study, Lu et al., 1982

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfC -- Low

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

C (Possible human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Classification is based on a low (but biologically important) incidence
of forestomach tumors in female mice and positive results in a variety
of genetic toxicity tests. Allyl chloride is an alkylating agent and
structurally related to probable human carcinogens. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0387.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

107-05-1

Allile (cloruro di) [Italian]

Allylchlorid [German]

Allyl chloride

Allyle (chlorure d') [French]

p-aminopropiofenon [Czech]

Chlorallylene

3-Chloroprene

1-Chloro-2-propene

3-Chloropropene-1

1-Chloro propene-2

3-Chloropropene

3-Chloro-1-propene

3-Chloropropylene

alpha-Chloropropylene

3-Chlorpropen [German]

Chlorure d'allyle [French]

Cloruro de alilo [Spanish]

HSDB 178

NCI-C04615

NSC 20939

1-Propene, 3-chloro-

Propene, 3-chloro-

2-Propenyl chloride

UN 1100

 

 

 

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Antimony (CASRN 7440-36-0)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

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IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Antimony

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 02/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

02/01/1991

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

No data

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Longevity, blood glucose, and cholesterol

LOAEL : 0.35 mg/kg-day

1000

1

4 x10-4 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat chronic oral bioassay, Schroeder et al., 1970

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0006.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-36-0

Antimony

Antimony black

Antimony powder

Antimony, regulus

Antymon

C.I. 77050

Stibium

UN 2871

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Arsenic, inorganic (CASRN 7440-38-2)

 

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Substances 

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Arsenic, inorganic

File First On-Line: 02/10/1988

Last Significant Revision: 06/01/1995

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

02/01/1993

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

04/10/1998

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Hyperpigmentation, keratosis and possible vascular complications

NOAEL : 0.0008 mg/kg-day

3

1

3 x10-4 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Human chronic oral exposure, Tseng, 1977; Tseng et al., 1968

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

A (Human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on sufficient evidence from human data. An increased lung cancer
mortality was observed in multiple human populations exposed primarily
through inhalation. Also, increased mortality from multiple internal
organ cancers (liver, kidney, lung, and bladder) and an increased
incidence of skin cancer were observed in populations consuming drinking
water high in inorganic arsenic. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "quaoral"  Oral
Slope Factor(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.5 per mg/kg-day

Time- and dose-related formulation of the multistage model

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "quaoral" 
Drinking Water Unit Risk(s) : 

5x10-5 per ug/L 

Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

2 ug/L

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

2x10-1 ug/L

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

2x10-2 ug/L

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "doseoral" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Skin cancer

Test Species: Human

Route: Oral, Drinking water

Reference: Tseng, 1977; Tseng et al., 1968; U.S. EPA, 1988 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

4.3x10-3 per ug/m3

Absolute-risk linear model

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

2x10-2 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

2x10-3 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

2x10-4 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Lung cancer

Test Species: Human, male

Route: Inhalation, Occupational exposure

Reference: Brown and Chu, 1983a,b,c; Lee-Feldstein, 1983; Higgins, 1982;
Enterline and Marsh, 1982 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0278.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-38-2 

Arsenic

Gray-arsenic

Arsenic, inorganic

Arsenic, inorganic

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Note: the following IRIS Quick Summary shows an RfD of 0.2 mg/kg-day, in
contrast to the 0.07 mg/kg-day shown as the DRASv2 default value in
Appendix C of the Technical Support Document: Assessment of potential
risks from managing F019 waste from the motor vehicle  manufacturing
industry.  The full IRIS summary at   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm#refinhal" 
http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm#refinhal  [see hypertext link
embedded in text below, as “Full Iris Summary”] explains that “An
RfD of 7×10-2 mg/kg-day was previously entered on the IRIS data base in
1998…. The change in the value of the RfD from the previous IRIS
assessment is due to selection of a new principal study and critical
effect, the use of benchmark dose modeling to determine the point of
departure, and a new evaluation of both the literature and application
of uncertainty factors.”

Barium and Compounds (CASRN 7440-39-3)

 

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Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Barium and Compounds

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 07/11/2005

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

07/11/2005

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

03/30/1998

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

03/30/1998

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Nephropathy

BMDL05 : 63 mg/kg-day

300

1

0.2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

2-year drinking water study in mice, NTP (1994)

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment (U.S.
EPA, 1996), barium is considered not likely to be carcinogenic to humans
following oral exposure and its carcinogenic potential cannot be
determined following inhalation exposure. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-39-3

Barium

UN 1399

UN 1400

UN 1854

Barium and Compounds

 

 

 

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Benzene (CASRN 71-43-2)

 

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Substances 

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Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/supdocs/0276-index.htm"  Support
Documents Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Benzene

File First On-Line: 03/01/1988

Last Significant Revision: 04/17/2003

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

04/17/2003

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

04/17/2003

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

01/09/2000

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased lymphocyte count

BMDL : 1.2 mg/kg-day

300

1

4.0 x10-3 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Human occupational inhalation study, Rothman et. al., 1996

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Decreased lymphocyte count

BMCL : 8.2 mg/m3

300

1

3x10-2 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Human occupational inhalation study, Rothman et. al., 1996

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

A (Human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the proposed revised Carcinogen Risk Assessment Guidelines (U.S.
EPA, 1996), benzene is characterized as a known human carcinogen for all
routes of exposure based upon convincing human evidence as well as
supporting evidence from animal studies. (U.S. EPA, 1979, 1985, 1998;
ATSDR, 1997). 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "quaoral"  Oral
Slope Factor(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.5x10-2 per mg/kg-day1

Linear extrapolation of human occupational data

 

5.5x10-2 per mg/kg-day1

Linear extrapolation of human occupational data

 

1 This is one endpoint in a range of oral slope factors/drinking water
unit risks. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l
"addcaroral"  Additional Comments (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) .

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "quaoral" 
Drinking Water Unit Risk(s) : 

4.4x10-7 per ug/L1 

1.6x10-6 per ug/L1 

Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

1x102 ug/L1

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

1x101 ug/L1

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

1 ug/L1

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

1x103 ug/L1

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

1x102 ug/L1

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

1x101 ug/L1

1 This is one endpoint in a range of oral slope factors/drinking water
unit risks. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l
"addcaroral"  Additional Comments (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) .

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "doseoral" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Leukemia

Test Species: Human

Route: Inhalation, Occupational exposure

Reference: Rinsky et al., 1981, 1987; Paustenbach et al., 1993; Crump,
1994; U. S. EPA, 1998; U.S. EPA, 1999 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

2.2x10-6 per ug/m31

Low-dose linearity utilizing maximum likelihood estimates

7.8x10-6 per ug/m31

Low-dose linearity utilizing maximum likelihood estimates

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

1.3x101 ug/m31

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

1.3 ug/m31

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

1.3x10-1 ug/m31

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

4.5x101 ug/m31

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

4.5 ug/m31

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

4.5x10-1 ug/m31

1 This is one endpoint in a range of air unit risks. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "addcarinhal"  Additional
Comments (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) . 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Leukemia

Test Species: Human

Route: Inhalation

Reference: Rinsky et al., 1981, 1987; Paustenbach et al., 1993; Crump
and Allen, 1984; Crump, 1992, 1994; U.S. EPA, 1998 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0276.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

Benzene

Coal naphtha

Phene

Phenyl hydride

Polystream

71-43-2

Benzol

Cyclohexatriene

Pyrobenzol

 

 

 

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Beryllium and compounds (CASRN 7440-41-7)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

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Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Beryllium and compounds

File First On-Line: 01/31/1997

Last Significant Revision: 04/03/1998

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

04/03/1998

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

04/03/1998

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

04/03/1998

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Small intestinal lesions

BMD10 : 0.46 mg/kg-day

300

1

2 x10-3 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Dog dietary study, Morgareidge et al., 1976

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Low/Medium

RfD -- Low/Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Beryllium sensitization and progression to CBD

LOAEL (HEC): 0.0002 mg/m3

10

1

2x10-5 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Occupational study, Kreiss et al., 1996

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B1 (Probable human carcinogen - based on limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Using the 1996 proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment,
inhaled beryllium would be characterized as a "likely" carcinogen in
humans, and the human carcinogenic potential of ingested beryllium
cannot be determined. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "quaoral"  Full IRIS Summary
. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

2.4x10-3 per ug/m3

Relative risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

4x10-2 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

4x10-3 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

4x10-4 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Lung cancer

Test Species: Human, male

Route: Inhalation, Occupational exposure

Reference: Wagoner et al., 1980 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0012.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-41-7

Beryllium

Beryllium-9

Glucinum

RCRA Waste Number p015

UN 1567

Beryllium and compounds

 

 

 

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Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CASRN 117-81-7)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/07/1988

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

05/01/1991

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

02/01/1993

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Increased relative liver weight

LOAEL : 19 mg/kg-day

1000

1

2 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Guinea pig subchronic-to-chronic oral bioassay, Carpenter et al., 1953

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B2 (Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Orally administered DEHP produced significant dose-related increases in
liver tumor responses in rats and mice of both sexes. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "quaoral"  Oral
Slope Factor(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.4x10-2 per mg/kg-day

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "quaoral" 
Drinking Water Unit Risk(s) : 

4x10-7 per ug/L 

Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

3x102 ug/L

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

3x101 ug/L

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

3 ug/L

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "doseoral" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma

Test Species: Mouse/ B6C3F1, male

Route: Oral, Diet

Reference: NTP, 1982 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

117-81-7

BEHP

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,2-benzene-dicarboxylate

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Bisoflex 81

Bisoflex DOP

Compound 889

DAF 68

DEHP

Di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophthalate

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Dioctyl phthalate

Di-sec-octyl phthalate

DOP

Ergoplast FDO

Ethylhexyl phthalate

2-Ethylhexyl phthalate

Eviplast 80

Eviplast 81

Fleximel

Flexol DOP

Flexol Plasticizer DOP

Good-Rite GP 264

Hatcol DOP

Hercoflex 260

Kodaflex DOP

Mollan O

NCI- C52733

Nuoplaz DOP

Octoil

Octyl phthalate

Palatinol AH

Phthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester

Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester

Pittsburgh PX-138

Platinol DOP

RC Plasticizer DOP

RCRA Waste Number u028

Reomol D 79P

Reomol DOP

Sicol 150

Staflex DOP

Truflex DOP

Vestinol AH

Vinicizer 80

Witcizer 312

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0293 

Butyl benzyl phthalate (CASRN 85-68-7)

 

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Substances 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Butyl benzyl phthalate

File First On-Line: 08/22/1988

Last Significant Revision: 09/01/1989

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

02/01/1993

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

02/01/1993

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Significantly increased liver-to-body weight and liver-to-brain weight
ratios

NOAEL : 159 mg/kg-day

1000

1

2 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

6-month rat study oral exposure (diet), NTP, 1985

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

C (Possible human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on statistically significant increase in mononuclear cell leukemia
in female rats; the response in male rats was inconclusive and there was
no such response in mice. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "quaoral"  Full IRIS Summary
. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0293.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

85-68-7

BBP

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl phenylmethyl ester

Benzyl-butylester kyseliny ftalove

Benzyl butyl phthalate

Benzyl n-butyl phthalate

Butyl benzyl phthalate

n-Butyl benzyl phthalate

Butyl phenylmethyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate

NCI-C54375

Palatinol BB

Phthalic acid, benzyl butyl ester

Santicizer 160

Sicol 160

Unimoll BB

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0141 

Cadmium (CASRN 7440-43-9)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

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Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Cadmium

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 01/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

02/01/1994

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

06/01/1992

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Significant proteinuria

NOAEL : 0.005 mg/kg-day

10

1

5 x10-4 mg/kg-day

(water) 

  

NOAEL : 0.01 mg/kg-day

10

1

1 x10-3 mg/kg-day

(food) 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Human studies involving chronic exposures, U.S. EPA, 1985

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Not Available

Database -- High

RfD -- High

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B1 (Probable human carcinogen - based on limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans) Not applicable. This substance was not
assessed using the 1986 cancer guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Limited evidence from occupational epidemiologic studies of cadmium is
consistent across investigators and study populations. There is
sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice by inhalation
and intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Seven studies in rats and
mice wherein cadmium salts (acetate, sulfate, chloride) were
administered orally have shown no evidence of carcinogenic response. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.8x10-3 per ug/m3

Two stage; only first affected by exposure; extra risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

6x10-2 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

6x10-3 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

6x10-4 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Lung, trachea, bronchus cancer deaths

Test Species: Human/ white male

Route: Inhalation, Exposure in the workplace

Reference: Thun et al., 1985 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0141.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

C.I. 77180

Cadmium

7440-43-9

Kadmium

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
"http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0217" 
http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0217 

Carbon disulfide (CASRN 75-15-0)

 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Carbon disulfide

File First On-Line: 09/30/1987

Last Significant Revision: 08/01/1995

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

08/01/1995

Carcinogenicity Assessment

No data

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Fetal toxicity/ malformations

NOEL : 11 mg/kg-day

100

1

1 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rabbit inhalation teratogenic study, Hardin et al., 1981

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Peripheral nervous system dysfunction

BMC10 (HEC): 19.7 mg/m3

30

1

7x10-1 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Occupational study, Johnson et al., 1983

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0217.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

75-15-0

Carbon bisulfide

Carbon bisulphide

Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulphide

Carbone (sufure de)

Carbonio (solfuro di)

Carbon sulfide

Carbon sulphide

Dithiocarbonic anhydride

Kohlendisulfid (Schwefelkohlenstoff)

Koolstofdisulfide (Zwavelkoolstof)

NCI-C04591

RCRA Waste Number p022

Schwefelkohlenstoff

Solfuro di carbonio

Sulphocarbonic anhydride

UN 1131

Weeviltox

Wegla dwusiarczek

 

 

 

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Last Updated on Tuesday, April 4, 2006

 

  HYPERLINK
"http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0399" 
http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0399 

Chlorobenzene (CASRN 108-90-7)

 

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health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Chlorobenzene

File First On-Line: 08/01/1989

Last Significant Revision: 11/01/1990

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

07/01/1993

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

03/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Histopathologic changes in liver

NOAEL : 19 mg/kg-day

1000

1

2 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

13-week dog study, oral exposure (capsule), Monsanto Co., 1967a; Knapp
et al., 1971

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

No human data, inadequate animal data and predominantly negative genetic
toxicity data in bacterial, yeast, and mouse lymphoma cells. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0399.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

108-90-7

Benzene chloride

Benzene, chloro-

Chloorbenzeen [Dutch]

Chlorbenzol

Chlorobenzen [Polish]

Chlorobenzenu [Czech]

Chlorobenzol

Clorobenzene [Italian]

Monochlorbenzene

Monochlorbenzol [German]

Monochlorobenzene

Monoclorobenzene [Italian]

NCI-C54886

UN 1134

Chlorbenzene

Chlorobenzene

MCB

Monochloorbenzeen [Dutch]

Phenyl chloride

 

 

 

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Chloroform (CASRN 67-66-3)

 

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Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Chloroform

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 10/19/2001

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

10/19/2001

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

10/19/2001

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Moderate/marked fatty cyst formation in the liver and elevated SGPT

BMDL10 : 1.0 mg/kg-day

100

1

1 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Dog, chronic oral bioassay, Heywood et al., 1979

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B2 (Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA,
1996; U.S. EPA, 1999), chloroform is likely to be carcinogenic to humans
by all routes of exposure under high-exposure conditions that lead to
cytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia in susceptible tissues (U.S.
EPA, 1998a,b). Chloroform is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans by
any route of exposure under exposure conditions that do not cause
cytotoxicity and cell regeneration. This weight-of-evidence conclusion
is based on: 1) observations in animals exposed by both oral and
inhalation pathways which indicate that sustained or repeated
cytotoxicity with secondary regenerative hyperplasia precedes, and is
probably required for, hepatic and renal neoplasia; 2) there are no
epidemiological data specific to chloroform and, at most, equivocal
epidemiological data related to drinking water exposures that cannot
necessarily be negative, although there are some scattered positive
results that generally have limitations such as excessively high dose or
with confounding factors. Thus, the weigh-of-evidence of the
genotoxicity data on chloroform supports a conclusion that chloroform is
not strongly mutagenic, and the genotoxicity is not likely to be the
predominant mode of action underlying the carcinogenic potential of
chloroform. Although no cancer data exist for exposures via the dermal
pathway, the weight-of-evidence conclusion is considered to be
applicable to this pathway as well, because chloroform absorbed through
the skin and into the blood is expected to be metabolized and to cause
toxicity in much the same way as chloroform absorbed by other exposure
routes. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

A dose of 1x10-2 mg/kg-day (equal to the RfD) can be considered
protective against cancer risk. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

2.3x10-5 per ug/m3

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

4 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

4x10-1 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

4x10-2 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Hepatocellular carcinoma

Test Species: Mouse, B6C3F1, female

Route: Oral, Gavage

Reference: NCI, 1976 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0025.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

67-66-3

Chloroform

Formyl trichloride

Freon 20

Methane trichloride

Methane, trichloro-

Methenyl chloride

Methenyl trichloride

Methyl trichloride

NCI-C02686

R-20

TCM

Trichloroform

Trichloromethane

 

 

 

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Chromium(III), insoluble salts (CASRN 16065-83-1)

 

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Chromium(III), insoluble salts

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/03/1998

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/03/1998

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

09/03/1998

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/03/1998

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

No effects observed

NOAEL (ADJ): 1468 mg/kg-day

100

10

1.5 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat chronic feeding study, Ivankovic and Preussman, 1975

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Using the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (EPA,
1996), there are inadequate data to determine the potential
carcinogenicity of trivalent chromium, as discussed below. However, the
classification of hexavalent chromium as a known human carcinogen raises
a concern for the carcinogenic potential of trivalent chromium. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0028.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

16065-83-1

7440-47-3

Chromium

Chromium (III)

Chromium (III) ion

Chromium, ion

Chromic ion

Chromium(III), insoluble salts

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Chromium(VI) (CASRN 18540-29-9)

 

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Substances 

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   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0144-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Chromium(VI)

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/03/1998

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/03/1998

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

09/03/1998

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/03/1998

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

None reported

NOAEL (ADJ): 2.5 mg/kg-day

300

3

3 x10-3 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat, 1-year drinking water study, MacKenzie et al., 1958

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Lactate dehydrogenase in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid

BMC10 (ADJ): 0.034 mg/m3

300

1

1x10-4 mg/m3 

(Cr(VI) particulates) 

  

Nasal septum atrophy

LOAEL (ADJ): 0.000714 mg/m3

90

1

8x10-6 mg/m3 

(Chromic acid mists and dissolved Cr(VI) aerosols) 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Rat subchronic study, Glaser et al., 1990; Malsch et al., 1994

Human subchronic occupational study, Lindberg and Hedenstierna, 1983

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Not Available

RfC -- Medium

 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfC -- Low

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

A (Human carcinogen) (Inhalation route) D (Not classifiable as to human
carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the proposed guidelines (EPA, 1996), Cr(VI) would be characterized
as a known human carcinogen by the inhalation route of exposure. The
oral carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) cannot be determined. No data were
located in the available literature that suggested that Cr(VI) is
carcinogenic by the oral route of exposure. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "quaoral"  Full IRIS Summary
. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.2x10-2 per ug/m3

Multistage, extra risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

8x10-3 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

8x10-4 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

8x10-5 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Lung cancer

Test Species: Human

Route: Inhalation, Occupational exposure

Reference: Mancuso, 1975 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0144.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

18540-29-9

7440-47-3

Chromium

Chromium, ion

Chromium (VI) ion

Chromic ion

Chromium (VI)

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Cyanide, free (CASRN 57-12-5)

 

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suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Cyanide, free

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/07/1988

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

02/01/1993

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

03/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

No adverse effects (other effect: Weight loss, thyroid effects and
myelin degeneration. )

NOAEL : 10.8 mg/kg-day

100

5

2 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat chronic oral study, Howard and Hanzal, 1955

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Pertinent data regarding carcinogenicity have not been located in the
available literature. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0031.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

57-12-5

Carbon nitride ion

Cyanide ion

Cyanure

Free cyanide

RCRA Waste Number p030

Cyanide

Cyanide, free

Isocyanide

Cyanide anion

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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1,2-Dichloroethane (CASRN 107-06-2)

 

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Substances 

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IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for 1,2-Dichloroethane

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 01/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

No data

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

01/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B2 (Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on the induction of several tumor types in rats and mice treated
by gavage and lung papillomas in mice after topical application 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "quaoral"  Oral
Slope Factor(s) 

Extrapolation Method

9.1x10-2 per mg/kg-day

Linearized multistage procedure with time-to-death analysis, extra risk

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "quaoral" 
Drinking Water Unit Risk(s) : 

2.6x10-6 per ug/L 

Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

4x101 ug/L

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

4 ug/L

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

4x10-1 ug/L

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "doseoral" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Hemangiosarcomas

Test Species: Rat/ Osborne-Mendel, male

Route: Oral, Gavage

Reference: NCI, 1978 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

2.6x10-5 per ug/m3

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

4 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

4x10-1 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

4x10-2 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Hemangiosarcomas

Test Species: Rat/ Osborne-Mendel, male

Route: Oral, Gavage

Reference: NCI, 1978 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0149.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

107-06-2

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-

Ethylene dichloride

1,2-Dichloroethane

Dichloroethane, 1,2-

Aethylenchlorid [German]

AI3-01656

alpha,beta-Dichloroethane

Bichlorure d'ethylene [French]

Borer Sol

Brocide

Caswell No. 440

CCRIS 225

Chlorure d'ethylene [French]

Cloruro di ethene [Italian]

Destruxol Borer-Sol

Di-Chlor-Mulsion

Dichlor-mulsion

Dichloremulsion

Dichloro-1,2-ethane [French]

Dichlorure d'ethylene [French]

Dicloruro de etileno [Spanish]

Dutch liquid

Dutch oil

EDC

ENT 1,656

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 042003

Ethane dichloride

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-

Ethyleendichloride [Dutch]

Ethylene chloride

Glycol dichloride

HSDB 65

NCI-C00511

RCRA Waste Number u077

Sym-Dichloroethane

1,2-Bichloroethane

1,2-DCE

1,2-Dichloorethaan [Dutch]

1,2-Dichlor-aethan [German]

1,2-Dichlorethane

1,2-Dicloroetano [Italian]

1,2-Ethylene dichloride

Dichloroethane

 

 

 

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Dibutyl phthalate (CASRN 84-74-2)

 

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Substances 

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Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Dibutyl phthalate

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 10/01/1990

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

08/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "refinhal" 
Message 

10/01/1990

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

02/01/1993

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Increased mortality

NOAEL : 125 mg/kg-day

1000

1

1 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat subchronic to chronic, oral bioassay, Smith, 1953

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Pertinent data regarding carcinogenicity was not located in the
available literature. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0038.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

84-74-2

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester

o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester

Benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid di-n-butyl ester

Butylphthalate

Celluflex DPB

Dibutyl 1,2-benzene dicarboxylate

Dibutyl phthalate

Di-n-butylphthalate

Dibutyl-o-phthalate

DPB

Elaol

Ergoplast FDB

Genoplast B

Hexaplast M/B

n-Butylphthalate

Palatinol C

Phthalic acid dibutyl ester

Polycizer DBP

PX 104

RC Plasticizer DBP

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Ethylbenzene (CASRN 100-41-4)

 

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Substances 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Ethylbenzene

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 03/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

06/01/1991

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

03/01/1991

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

08/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Liver and kidney toxicity

NOEL : 97.1 mg/kg-day

1000

1

1 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat subchronic to chronic oral bioassay, Wolf et al., 1956

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Developmental toxicity

NOAEL (HEC): 434 mg/m3

300

1

1 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Rat and rabbit developmental inhalation studies, Andrew et al., 1981;
Hardin et al., 1981

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfC -- Low

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Nonclassifiable due to lack of animal bioassays and human studies. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0051.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

100-41-4

Benzene, ethyl

EB

Ethylbenzeen

Ethylbenzol

Etilbenzene

Phenylethane

UN 1175

Aethylbenzol

Ethylbenzene

Etylobenzen

NCI-C56393

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Fluorine (soluble fluoride) (CASRN 7782-41-4)

 

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Substances 

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Fluorine (soluble fluoride)

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 01/31/1987

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

06/01/1989

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

No data

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Objectionable dental fluorosis, a cosmetic effect

NOAEL : 0.06 mg/kg-day

1

1

6 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Epidemiologic study in children, Hodge, 1950, cited in Underwood, 1977

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- High

RfD -- High

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0053.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7782-41-4

Fluoride

Fluoride ion

Fluoride ion(1-)

Fluorine

Fluorine, ion

Hydrofluoric acid, ion(1-)

Perfluoride

Fluorine (soluble fluoride)

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Formaldehyde (CASRN 50-00-0)

 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
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"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Formaldehyde

File First On-Line: 10/01/1989

Last Significant Revision: 01/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

05/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Reduced weight gain, histopathology in rats

NOAEL : 15 mg/kg-day

100

1

2 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat 2-year bioassay, Til et al., 1989

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B1 (Probable human carcinogen - based on limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on limited evidence in humans, and sufficient evidence in animals.
Human data include nine studies that show statistically significant
associations between site-specific respiratory neoplasms and exposure to
formaldehyde or formaldehyde-containing products. An increased incidence
of nasal squamous cell carcinomas was observed in long-term inhalation
studies in rats and in mice. The classification is supported by in vitro
genotoxicity data and formaldehyde's structural relationships to other
carcinogenic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

1.3x10-5 per ug/m3

Linearized multistage procedure, additional risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

8 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

8x10-1 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

8x10-2 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Squamous cell carcinoma

Test Species: Rat/ F344, males

Route: Inhalation

Reference: Kerns et al., 1983 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0419.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

50-00-0

Aldehyde formique (French)

Aldehyd mravenci (Czech)

BFV

FA

Formaldehyd (Czech, Polish)

Formaldehyde

Formalin

Formalith

Formic aldehyde

Formol

Fyde

Hoch

Karsan

Methanal

Methylene glycol

Methylene oxide

Morbicid

Oplossingen (Dutch)

Oxomethane

Paraform

Polyoxymethylene glycols

Superlysoform

UN 1198 (DOT)

UN 2209 (DOT)

Aldeide formica (Italian)

Formaldehyde solution (DOT)

Ivalon

Lysoform

Methyl aldehyde

NCI-C02799

Oxymethylene

RCRA Waste Number U122

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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3-Methylphenol (CASRN 108-39-4)

 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for 3-Methylphenol

File First On-Line: 08/22/1988

Last Significant Revision: 04/01/1992

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "refinhal" 
Message 

04/01/1992

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

08/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased body weights and neurotoxicity

NOAEL : 50 mg/kg-day

1000

1

5 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

90-day oral subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats, U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

C (Possible human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on an increased incidence of skin papillomas in mice in an
initiation-promotion study. The three cresol isomers produced positive
results in genetic toxicity studies both alone and in combination. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0301.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

108-39-4

Phenol, 3-methyl-

Caswell No. 261a

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022102

HSDB 1815

m-Cresol

m-Cresylic acid

m-Hydroxytoluene

m-Kresol

m-Methylphenol

m-Oxytoluene

m-Toluol

meta-Cresol

NSC 8768

1-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzene

3-Cresol

3-Hydroxytoluene

3-Methylphenol

Methylphenol

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Mercury, elemental (CASRN 7439-97-6)

 

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Substances 

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Mercury, elemental

File First On-Line: 09/07/1988

Last Significant Revision: 06/01/1995

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

No data

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

06/01/1995

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

05/01/1995

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Hand tremor; increases in memory disturbances; slight subjective and
objective evidence of autonomic dysfunction

LOAEL (ADJ): 0.009 mg/m3

30

1

3x10-4 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Human occupational inhalation studies, Fawer et al., 1983; Piikivi and
Tolonen, 1989; Piikivi and Hanninen, 1989; Piikivi, 1989; Ngim et al.,
1992; Liang et al., 1993

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on inadequate human and animal data. Epidemiologic studies failed
to show a correlation between exposure to elemental mercury vapor and
carcinogenicity; the findings in these studies were confounded by
possible or known concurrent exposures to other chemicals, including
human carcinogens, as well as lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking).
Findings from genotoxicity tests are severely limited and provide
equivocal evidence that mercury adversely affects the number or
structure of chromosomes in human somatic cells. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0370.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

Hydragyrum

Mercury, elemental

Mercury, metallic

Mercury (organo) alkyl compounds

Caswell No. 546

Colloidal mercury

Kwik [Dutch]

Liquid silver

Mercure [French]

Mercurio [Italian]

Mercurio [Spanish]

Mercury compounds

NCI-C60399

Quecksilber [German]

Quicksilver

7439-97-6

Mercury

Mercury, inorganic

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 052301

Mercury vapor

 

 

 

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Methyl chloride (CASRN 74-87-3, --)

 

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   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/1003-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Methyl chloride

File First On-Line: 07/17/2001

Last Significant Revision: 07/17/2001

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

No data

07/17/2001

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

07/17/2001

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

07/17/2001

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Cerebellar lesions

NOAEL (HEC): 94.6 mg/m3

1000

1

9x10-2 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Mouse 11-day continuous inhalation study, Landry et al., 1983, 1985

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Using the Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA,
1996), the available data suggest that methyl chloride would be
classified as an agent whose carcinogenic potential cannot be
determined. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1003.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

74-87-3

Chloromethane

Monochloromethane

Methyl chloride

 

 

 

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Dichloromethane (CASRN 75-09-2)

 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Dichloromethane

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 01/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

03/01/1988

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

09/01/1991

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

02/01/1995

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Liver toxicity

NOAEL : 5.85 mg/kg-day

100

1

6 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

2-year rat drinking water bioassay (NOAEL for males), National Coffee
Association, 1982

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

B2 (Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on inadequate human data and sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals; increased incidence of hepatocellular
neoplasms and alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms in male and female mice,
and increased incidence of benign mammary tumors in both sexes of rats,
salivary gland sarcomas in male rats and leukemia in female rats. This
classification is supported by some positive genotoxicity data, although
results in mammalian systems are generally negative. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "quaoral"  Oral
Slope Factor(s) 

Extrapolation Method

7.5x10-3 per mg/kg-day

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "quaoral" 
Drinking Water Unit Risk(s) : 

2.1x10-7 per ug/L 

Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

5x102 ug/L

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

5x101 ug/L

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

5 ug/L

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "doseoral" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Oral Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas (NTP) and
hepatocellular cancer and neoplastic nodules (NCA)

Test Species: Mouse/ B6C3F1 (female, NTP; male, NCA)

Route: Inhalation, (NTP); oral, drinking water (NCA)

Reference: NTP, 1986; National Coffee Association (NCA), 1983 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

4.7x10-7 per ug/m3

Linearized multistage procedure, extra risk

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

2x102 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

2x101 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

2 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Combined adenomas and carcinomas

Test Species: Mouse/ B6C3F1, female

Route: Inhalation

Reference: NTP, 1986 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0070.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

75-09-2

Aerothene MM

Chlorure de methylene

DCM

Dichlormethan, uvasol

Dichloromethane

1,1-Dichloromethane.

Freon 30

Methane dichloride

Methane, dichloro-

Methylene bichloride

Methylene chloride

Methylene dichloride

Metylenu chlorek

Narkotil

NCI-C50102

R 30

Solaesthin

Solmethine

WLN: G1G

 

 

 

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Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (CASRN 78-93-3)

 

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Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/26/2003

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/26/2003

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

09/26/2003

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/26/2003

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased pup body weight

LED : 639 mg/kg-day

1000

1

0.6 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Multigeneration reproductive developmental rat drinking water study, Cox
et al., 1975

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low/Medium

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Developmental toxicity (skeletal variations)

LEC (HEC): 1517 mg/m3

300

1

5 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Mouse developmental study, Schwetz et al., 1991

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer
guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the draft revised guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (U.S.
EPA, 1999), EPA concludes the data are inadequate for an assessment of
human carcinogenic potential of MEK. Studies of humans chronically
exposed to MEK are inconclusive, and MEK has not been tested for
carcinogenicity in animals by the oral or inhalation routes. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0071.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

78-93-3

Aethylmethylketon

2-Butanone

Butanone-2

Ethyl methyl cetone

Ethylmethylketon

Ethyl methyl ketone

Ketone, ethyl methyl

Meetco

Mek

Methyl acetone

Methyl ethyl ketone

Metiletilchetone

Metyloetyloketon

RCRA Waste Number U159

UN 1193

UN 1232

 

 

 

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Last Updated on Tuesday, April 4, 2006

 

  HYPERLINK
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Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) (CASRN 108-10-1)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0173-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 04/25/2003

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

Discussion

04/25/2003

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

04/25/2003

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

04/25/2003

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "reforal"  Full IRIS Summary
. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Reduced fetal body weight, skeletal variations, and increased fetal
death in mice, and skeletal variations in rats.

NOAEL (HEC): 1026 mg/m3

300

1

3 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Rat and mouse developmental inhalation study, Tyl et. al., 1987

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Low/Medium

RfC -- Low/Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer
guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the draft revised cancer guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1999), the data for
MIBK are inadequate for an assessment of human carcinogenic potential.
No data were located regarding the existence of an association between
cancer and MIBK exposure in humans, but studies of the in vivo and in
vitro genotoxicity of MIBK overwhelmingly provided negative responses. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0173.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

Hexon

Hexone

Isobutyl methyl ketone

Isopropylacetone

Ketone, isobutyl methyl

Methylisobutylketon

Methyl isobutyl ketone

4-Methyl-pentan-2-on

2-Methyl-4-pentanone

4-Methyl-2-pentanone

4-Metilpentan-2-one

Metyloizobutyloketon

MIBK

2-Pentanone, 4-methyl-

Shell MIBK

UN 1245

108-10-1

Isobutyl-methylketon

Methyl-isobutyl-cetone

Metilisobutilchetone

MIK

RCRA Waste Number U161

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)

 

 

 

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Last Updated on Tuesday, April 4, 2006

 

  HYPERLINK
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0436 

Naphthalene (CASRN 91-20-3)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0436-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Naphthalene

File First On-Line: 12/01/1990

Last Significant Revision: 09/17/1998

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/17/1998

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

09/17/1998

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/17/1998

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased mean terminal body weight in males

NOAEL (ADJ): 71 mg/kg-day

3000

1

2 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Subchronic oral rat study, BCL, 1980a

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Nasal effects: hyperplasia and metaplasia in respiratory and olfactory
epithelium, respectively

LOAEL (HEC): 9.3 mg/m3

3000

1

3x10-3 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Chronic mouse inhalation study, NTP, 1992a

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Low/Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

C (Possible human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Using the 1996 Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, the
human carcinogenic potential of naphthalene via the oral or inhalation
routes "cannot be determined" at this time based on human and animal
data; however, there is suggestive evidence (observations of benign
respiratory tumors and one carcinoma in female mice only exposed to
naphthalene by inhalation [NTP, 1992a]). Additional support includes
increase in respiratory tumors associated with exposure to
1-methylnaphthalene. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "quaoral"  Full IRIS Summary
. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "quainhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0436.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

91-20-3

Naphthalene

Albocarbon

caswell No. 587

Dezodorator

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 055801

HSDB 184

Moth Balls

Moth Flakes

Naftalen [Polish]

Naftaleno [Spanish]

Naphtalene [French]

Naphthalene

Naphthalin

Naphthaline

Naphthene

Napthalene, molten

NCI-C52904

NSC 37565

RCRA Waste Number U165

Tar Camphor

UN 1334

UN 2304

White Tar

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0140 

n-Butanol (CASRN 71-36-3)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for n-Butanol

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 03/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

03/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Hypoactivity and ataxia

NOAEL : 125 mg/kg-day

1000

1

1 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat oral subchronic study, U.S. EPA, 1986

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on no human and no animal cancer data. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0140.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

71-36-3

Alcool butylique

Butanol

1-Butanol

Butanolen

Butanol, n-

Butanolo

Butyl Alcohol

n-Butyl alcohol

Butyl hydroxide

Butylowy alkohol

Butyric alcohol

CCS 203

1-Hydroxybutane

Methylolpropane

NA 1120

Propylmethanol

RCRA Waste Number u031

UN 1120

Propylcarbinol

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0272 

Nickel refinery dust (CASRN NA)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

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Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Nickel refinery dust

File First On-Line: 09/30/1987

Last Significant Revision: 01/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

No data

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

01/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

A (Human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Human data in which exposure to nickel refinery dust caused lung and
nasal tumors in sulfide nickel matte refinery workers in several
epidemiologic studies in different countries, and on animal data in
which carcinomas were produced in rats by inhalation and injection. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm" \l "quainhal"  Air
Unit Risk(s) 

Extrapolation Method

2.4x10-4 per ug/m3

Additive and multiplicative

Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels

Risk Level

Concentration

E-4 (1 in 10,000)

4x10-1 ug/m3

E-5 (1 in 100,000)

4x10-2 ug/m3

E-6 (1 in 1,000,000)

4x10-3 ug/m3

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm" \l "doscarinhal" 
Dose-Response Data (Carcinogenicity, Inhalation Exposure) 

Tumor Type: Lung cancer

Test Species: Human: refinery and nonrefinery workers

Route: Inhalation

Reference: Enterline and Marsh, 1982; Chovil et al., 1981; Peto et al.,
1984; Magnus et al., 1982 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0272.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-02-0

Nickel dust

Nickel particles

Nickel refinery dust

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Nickel, soluble salts (CASRN NA)

 

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Substances 

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Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Nickel, soluble salts

File First On-Line: 09/30/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

12/01/1996

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "carc"  Message 

08/01/1994

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased body and organ weights

NOAEL : 5 mg/kg-day

300

1

2 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat chronic oral study, Ambrose et al., 1976

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "carc"  Full IRIS Summary . 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0271.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-02-0

Nichel

Nickel

C.I. 77775

Nickel, soluble salts

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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2-Methylphenol (CASRN 95-48-7)

 

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Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for 2-Methylphenol

File First On-Line: 09/07/1988

Last Significant Revision: 04/01/1992

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "refinhal" 
Message 

04/01/1992

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

08/01/1991

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased body weights and neurotoxicity

NOAEL : 50 mg/kg-day

1000

1

5 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

90-day oral subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats, U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- High

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

C (Possible human carcinogen) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on an increased incidence of skin papillomas in mice in an
initiation-promotion study. The three cresol isomers produced positive
results in genetic toxicity studies both alone and in combination. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0300.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

95-48-7

Phenol, 2-methyl-

Cresols (o-,m-,p-)

HSDB 1813

NSC 23076

NSC 36809

o-Cresol

o-Cresylic acid

o-Hydroxytoluene

o-Kresol [German]

o-Methylphenol

o-Methylphenylol

o-Oxytoluene

o-Toluol

Orthocresol

1-Hydroxy-2-methylbenzene

2-Cresol

2-Hydroxytoluene

2-Methylphenol

Methylphenol

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Phenol (CASRN 108-95-2)

 

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Substances 

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Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Phenol

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/30/2002

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/30/2002

Inhalation RfC Assessment

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "refinhal" 
Message 

09/30/2002

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/30/2002

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased maternal weight gain

BMDL : 93 mg/kg-day

300

1

3 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat developmental study, Argus Research Laboratories, 1997

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium/High

RfD -- Medium/High

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under Draft Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 1999),
the data regarding the carcinogenicity of phenol via the oral,
inhalation, and dermal exposure routes are inadequate for an assessment
of human carcinogenic potential. Phenol was negative in oral
carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice, but questions remain regarding
increased leukemia in male rats in the bioassay as well as the positive
gene mutation data and the positive results in dermal
initiation/promotion studies at doses at or above the maximum tolerated
dose (MTD). No inhalation studies of an appropriate duration exist.
Therefore, no quantitative assessment of carcinogenic potential via any
route is possible. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0088.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

108-95-2

Benzenol

Carbolic acid

Hydroxybenzene

Izal

Monohydroxybenzene

Monophenol

NCI-C50124

Oxybenzene

Phenic acid

Phenol

Phenyl alcohol

Phenyl hydrate

Phenyl hydroxide

Phenylic acid

Phenylic alcohol

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0472 

Selenium and Compounds (CASRN 7782-49-2)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

 Entire IRIS Website 

Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Selenium and Compounds

File First On-Line: 03/01/1991

Last Significant Revision: 06/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1991

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

07/01/1993

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Clinical selenosis

NOAEL : 0.015 mg/kg-day

3

1

5 x10-3 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Human epidemiological study, Yang et al., 1989b

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- High

RfD -- High

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on inadequate human data and inadequate evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals. The evidence for various selenium compounds
in animal and mutagenicity studies is conflicting and difficult to
interpret; however, evidence for selenium sulfide is sufficient for a B2
(probable human carcinogen) classification. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0472.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7782-49-2

Selenium

Caswell No. 732

Elemental Selenium

HSDB 4493

Selen [polish]

Selenio [Spanish]

Selenium

Selenium alloy

Selenium base

Selenium dust

Selenium homopolymer

UN 2658

13410-01-0

Caswell No. 791

Disodium selenate

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072002

Natriumseleniat [German]

NSC 378348

Selenic acid, disodium salt

10102-18-8

Selenious acid, disodium salt

Disodium selenite

HSDB 768

Natriumselenit [German]

Selenious acid, disodium salt

Sodium selenite

UN 2630

7783-00-8

Selenious acid

HSDB 6065

Monohydrated Selenium Dioxide

Selenious acid

7783-08-6

Selenic acid

Acide selenique [French]

Acido selenico [Spanish]

HSDB 675

Selenic acid

UN 1905

1313-85-5

Sodium selenide [na2se]

Disodium monoselenide

Sodium selenide

C.I. 77805

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072001

Selenium elemental

Selenic acid, disodium salt

Sodium selenate

Disodium selenium trioxide

Selenium and Compounds

 

 

 

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Silver (CASRN 7440-22-4)

 

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Substances 

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 Full IRIS Summaries/Toxicological Reviews

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Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Silver

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 12/01/1991

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

12/01/1996

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

06/01/1989

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Argyria

LOAEL : 0.014 mg/kg-day

3

1

5 x10-3 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

2- to 9-year human i.v. study, Gaul and Staud, 1935

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

In animals, local sarcomas have been induced after implantation of foils
and discs of silver. However, the interpretation of these findings has
been questioned due to the phenomenon of solid-state carcinogenesis in
which even insoluble solids such as plastic have been shown to result in
local fibrosarcomas. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0099.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-22-4

Argentum crede

Collargol

Silver

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Styrene (CASRN 100-42-5)

 

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Substances 

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Bottom of Form

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Styrene

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 11/01/1992

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

07/01/1993

Carcinogenicity Assessment

No data

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Red blood cell and liver effects

NOAEL : 200 mg/kg-day

1000

1

2 x10-1 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Dog subchronic oral study, Quast et al., 1979

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

CNS effects

NOAEL (HEC): 34 mg/m3

30

1

1 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Occupational study, Mutti et al., 1984

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0104.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

100-42-5

Cinnamene

Cinnamenol

Diarex hf 77

Ethenylbenzene

Phenethylene

Phenylethene

Stirolo

Styren

Styrene, monomer

Styrole

UN 2055

Benzene, vinyl-

Cinnamol

Ethylene, phenyl-

Phenylethylene

Styrene

Styrol

Styrolene

Styropor

NCI-C02200

Styreen

Styropol

 

 

 

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Tetrachloroethylene (CASRN 127-18-4)

 

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suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
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information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Tetrachloroethylene

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 03/01/1988

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

03/01/1988

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

No data

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Hepatotoxicity in mice, weight gain in rats

NOAEL : 14 mg/kg-day

1000

1

1 x10-2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

6-week mouse gavage study, Buben and O'Flaherty, 1985

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0106.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

127-18-4

Ankilostin

Antisol 1

Carbon bichloride

Czterochloroetylen

Didakene

Dowclene ec

ENT 1,860

Ethylene, tetrachloro-

Fedal-UN

NCI-C04580

Nema

Perawin

Perchlor

Perchloraethylen, per

Perchlorethylene, per

Perclene

Percloroetilene

Percosolv

Percosolve

Perk

Perklone

Persec

Tetlen

Tetracap

Tetrachlooretheen

Tetrachloraethen

Tetrachlorethylene

Tetrachloroethene

Tetrachloroethylene

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene.

Tetracloroetene

Tetraguer

Tetraleno

Tetralex

Tetravec

Tetroguer

Tetropil

Wln: gyguygg

Carbon dichloride

Didokene

Dow-Per

Ethylene tetrachloride

PCE

PER

PERC

Perchloorethyleen, per

Perchloroethylene

Antisal 1

Dee-Solv

Ethene, tetrachloro-

Perchlorethylene

Tetrachlroethylene

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Thallium chloride and thallium sulfate have identical RfDs to this (8 x
10-5 mg/kg-day) in IRIS, while thallium acetate and thallium nitrate
have slightly higher RfDs (9 x 10-5 mg/kg-day).  

Thallium carbonate (CASRN 6533-73-9)

 

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health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Thallium carbonate

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/01/1990

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/01/1990

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Increased levels of SGOT and LDH

NOAEL : 0.23 mg/kg-day

3000

1

8 x10-5 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Rat oral subchronic study, U.S. EPA, 1986

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Low

Database -- Low

RfD -- Low

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0112.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

6533-73-9

Carbonic acid, dithallium (1+) salt

Dithallium carbonate

Thallium carbonate

 

 

 

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  HYPERLINK
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Toluene (CASRN 108-88-3)

 

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   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0118-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Toluene

File First On-Line: 01/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 09/23/2005

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

09/23/2005

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

09/23/2005

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

09/23/2005

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Increased kidney weight

BMDL : 238 mg/kg-day

3000

1

.08 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

13-week gavage study in rats, NTP, 1990

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Neurological effects in occupationally-exposed workers

NOAEL (ADJ): 46 mg/m3

10

1

5 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Multiple human studies, Abbate et al., 1993, Boey et al., 1997,
Cavalleri et al., 2000, Eller et al., 1999, Foo et al., 1990, Murata et
al., 1993, Nakatsuka et al., 1992, Neubert et al., 2001, Vrca et al.,
1995, Zavalic et al., 1998a

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- High

Database -- High

RfC -- High

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer
guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005),
there is inadequate information to assess the carcinogenic potential of
toluene because studies of humans chronically exposed to toluene are
inconclusive, toluene was not carcinogenic in adequate inhalation cancer
bioassays of rats and mice exposed for life (CIIT, 1980 NTP, 1990 Huff,
2003), and increased incidences of mammary cancer and leukemia were
reported in a lifetime rat oral bioassay at a dose level of 500
mg/kg-day but not at 800 mg/kg-day (Maltoni et al., 1997). 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0118.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

108-88-3

Antisal 1a

Benzene, methyl

Methacide

Methylbenzene

Methylbenzol

NCI-C07272

Phenylmethane

RCRA Waste Number U220

Tolueen

Toluen

Toluene

Toluol

Toluolo

Tolu-sol

UN 1294

Monomethylbenzene

 

 

 

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Trichloroethylene (CASRN 79-01-6)

 

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the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0199.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Trichloroethylene

File First On-Line: 03/31/1987

Last Significant Revision: 07/01/1989

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

No data

08/01/1992

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

Withdrawn

07/01/1989

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0199.htm" \l "carc"  Full IRIS Summary . 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0199.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

79-01-6

Acetylene trichloride

Algylen

Anamenth

Benzinol

Blacosolv

Blancosolv

Cecolene

Chlorilen

1-Chloro-2,2-dichloroethylene

Chlorylea

Chlorylen

Chorylen

Circosolv

Crawhaspol

Densinfluat

1,1-Dichloro-2-chloroethylene

Dow-tri

Dukeron

Ethinyl trichloride

Ethylene trichloride

Fleck-flip

Flock flip

Fluate

Germalgene

Lanadin

Narcogen

Narkosoid

NCI-C04546

Perm-a-chlor

Petzinol

Philex

TCE

Threthylen

Threthylene

Trethylene

Trial

Trichlooretheen

Trichloraethen

Trichloraethylen, tri

Trichloran

Trichloren

Trichlorethylene

Trichlorethylene, tri

Trichloroethene

1,1,2-Trichloroethylene

1,2,2-Trichloroethylene

Tri-Clene

Tricloroetilene

Trielene

Trielina

TrikloneTM 'Triklone' is a trade mark of INEOS Chlor Limited.

Trilene

Trimar

Tri-plus

UN 1710

Vitran

Westrosol

Ethylene, trichloro-

Gemalgene

Lethurin

Narkogen

Nialk

Perm-a-clor

RCRA Waste Number U228

Tri

Triad

Triasol

Trichloorethyleen, tri

Trichlorethene

Trichloroethylene

Tricloretene

Trielin

Trilen

Triline

Triol

Tri-plus m

Vestrol

 

 

 

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Xylenes (CASRN 1330-20-7)

 

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Substances 

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Bottom of Form

   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0270-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Xylenes

File First On-Line: 09/30/1987

Last Significant Revision: 02/21/2003

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

02/21/2003

Inhalation RfC Assessment

On-line

02/21/2003

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

02/21/2003

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreased body weight, increased mortality

NOAEL : 179 mg/kg-day

1000

1

0.2 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Chronic F344/N rat study, Oral gavage exposure, NTP, 1986

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfD -- Medium

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "umfinhal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "umfinhal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "inhalrfc"  RfC 

Impaired motor coordination (decreased rotarod performance)

NOAEL (HEC): 39 mg/m3

300

1

0.1 mg/m3 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the
Inhalation RfC was derived. See   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "inconver"  Discussion of
Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more details.

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "studinhal" 
Principal Study 

Subchronic inhalation study in male rats, Korsak et. al., 1994

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "coninhal" 
Confidence in the Inhalation RfC 

Study -- Medium

Database -- Medium

RfC -- Medium

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer
guidelines (U.S. EPA, 1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Draft Revised Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S.
EPA, 1999), data are inadequate for an assessment of the carcinogenic
potential of xylenes. Adequate human data on the carcinogenicity of
xylenes are not available, and the available animal data are
inconclusive as to the ability of xylenes to cause a carcinogenic
response. Evaluations of the genotoxic effects of xylenes have
consistently given negative results. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0270.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

1330-20-7

106-42-3

Dimethylbenzene

1,3-Dimethylbenzene

1,4-Dimethylbenzene

Mixed xylenes

meta-Xylene

o-Xylene

p-Xylene

para-Xylene

108-38-3

95-47-6

1,2-Dimethylbenzene

m-Xylene

ortho-Xylene

Xylenes

 

 

 

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http://cfpub.epa.gov/iris/quickview.cfm?substance_nmbr=0426 

Zinc and Compounds (CASRN 7440-66-6)

 

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   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0426-tr.pdf" 
Toxicological Review (PDF) Available 

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in
IRIS only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices, Regional Offices, and
the Office of Research and Development.

Disclaimer: This QuickView represents a snapshot of key information. We
suggest that you read the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm"  Full IRIS Summary  to put this
information into complete context.

For definitions of terms in the IRIS Web site, refer to the   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm"  IRIS Glossary .

Status of Data for Zinc and Compounds

File First On-Line: 02/01/1991

Last Significant Revision: 08/03/2005

  

 Category

Status

Last Revised

Oral RfD Assessment

On-line

08/03/2005

Inhalation RfC Assessment

No data

Carcinogenicity Assessment

On-line

08/03/2005

Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Critical Effect

Point of Departure

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "umforal"  UF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "umforal"  MF 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "oralrfd"  RfD 

Decreases in erythrocyte Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (ESOD) activity in
healthy adult male and female volunteers

LOAEL : 0.91 mg/kg-day

3

1

0.3 mg/kg-day 

  

The Point of Departure listed serves as a basis from which the Oral RfD
was derived. See   HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l
"conver"  Discussion of Conversion Factors and Assumptions  for more
details. 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "studoral" 
Principal Study 

Yadrick et al., 1989, Fischer et al., 1984, Davis et al., 2000, Milne et
al., 2001

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "conoral" 
Confidence in the Oral RfD 

Study -- Medium/High

Database -- High

RfD -- Medium/High

Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Information reviewed but value not estimated. Refer to   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "refinhal"  Full IRIS
Summary . 

Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Weight of Evidence Characterization

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence  (1986 US EPA Guidelines):

D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity) Not applicable. This
substance was not assessed using the 1986 cancer guidelines (U.S. EPA,
1986). 

  HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "woe"  Weight of
Evidence Narrative: 

Under the Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005),
there is inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential of
zinc, because studies of humans occupationally-exposed to zinc are
inadequate or inconclusive, adequate animal bioassays of the possible
carcinogenicity of zinc are not available, and results of genotoxic
tests of zinc have been equivocal. 

This may be a synopsis of the full weight-of-evidence narrative. See  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "woe"  Full IRIS
Summary .

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure

Not Assessed under the IRIS Program. 

Revision History

Review Full IRIS Summary for complete   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0426.htm" \l "revhis"  Revision History. 

Synonyms

7440-66-6

Zinc

Asarco l 15

Blue powder

Cinc [Spanish]

Emanay zinc dust

Granular zinc

HSDB 1344

Jasad

Lead refinery vacuum zinc

Merrillite

UN 1436

Zinc

Zinc dust

Zinc powder

Zinc, ashes

Zinc, powder or dust, non-pyrophoric

Zinc, powder or dust, pyrophoric

Zinc and Compounds

 

 

 

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Last Updated on Tuesday, April 4, 2006