Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0559-0008
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2007-06-13T04:00Z

SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20460

OFFICE OF              

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES 

MEMORANDUM

Date:			May 14, 2007

Subject:		Diuron.  Chronic and Cancer Dietary Exposure Assessments to
Support Permanent Tolerances for Residues in Farm-Raised Fish, Prickly
Pear Cactus, and in Spearmint and Peppermint Tops.

				Petition Nos.:	2E6438 [Mint]; 6E3390 [Prickly Pear Cactus]; 6F4680
[Fish]

				DP Barcode No.:	D335227

				PC Code:  	035505

From:			Christina Swartz, Chemist

Registration Action Branch 2

Health Effects Division (7509P)

Through:		David Hrdy, Chemist/Chemistry and Exposure Branch (CEB)

				Jennifer R. Tyler, Chemist/Registration Action Branch 1 (RAB1)

Dietary Exposure Science Advisory Committee (DESAC)

Health Effects Division

And

Richard A. Loranger, Ph.D., Branch Senior Scientist

Registration Action Branch 2,

Health Effects Division (7509P)

To: 			Barbara Madden, Minor Use Officer

Risk Integration Minor Use and Emergency Response Branch (RIMUERB)

Registration Division (7505P)

And

Jim Tompkins, Team Leader

Herbicide Branch

Registration Division (7505P)

Executive Summary

Updated chronic dietary risk assessments were conducted for existing and
proposed uses of the herbicide diuron using the Dietary Exposure
Evaluation Model - Food Consumption Intake Database (DEEM-FCID(, ver.
2.03).  Chronic exposure was compared to the chronic Population Adjusted
Dose (cPAD) and the cancer potency factor in order to determine chronic
non-cancer and cancer risks, respectively.  The foods included in these
updated assessments were also assessed in the 2003 Reregistration
Eligibility Decision (RED) Document, with the exception of prickly pear
cactus.

DEEM-FCID™ incorporates the food consumption data from the USDA’s
Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII; 1994-1996 and
1998).  Both the chronic non-cancer and cancer analyses incorporated
tolerance level residues for some commodities as well as anticipated
residues (ARs) for other commodities, based on a combination of average
field trial data and USDA/Pesticide Data Program monitoring data.  The
chronic exposure estimates were further refined with percent crop
treated (%CT) information provided by the Biological and Economic
Analysis Division (BEAD).  In some cases, DEEM™ (ver. 7.78) default
processing factors were used, but empirical processing factors were used
when available.  Drinking water residue estimates were included in the
analyses, and were derived from USDA/PDP monitoring of raw and finished
drinking water.

The chronic dietary (food + water) risk estimates are at most 19.4 %
cPAD and are therefore below HED’s level of concern (children 1-2
years old were the most highly exposed population subgroup).  Chronic
exposure for the general US population was equivalent to 7.4 %cPAD. 
Dietary (food + water) cancer risk for diuron was determined to be 1.4 x
10-6, which is not of concern.  Potential cancer risk associated with a
drinking water degradate of diuron, MCPDMU, was also not of concern
based on upper-bound exposure and a surrogate cancer potency factor. 
Dietary risk associated with the proposed tolerances is below HED’s
level of concern.

I.	Introduction

Dietary risk assessment incorporates both exposure and toxicity of a
given pesticide.  For acute and chronic assessments, the risk is
expressed as a percentage of a maximum acceptable dose (i.e., the dose
which HED has concluded will result in no unreasonable adverse health
effects).  This dose is referred to as the population adjusted dose
(PAD).  The PAD is equivalent to the point of departure (POD, NOAEL,
LOAEL, e.g.) divided by the required uncertainty or safety factors.

For acute and non-cancer chronic exposures, HED is concerned when
estimated dietary risk exceeds 100% of the PAD.  HED is generally
concerned when estimated cancer risk exceeds one in one million. 
References which discuss the acute and chronic risk assessments in more
detail are available on the EPA/pesticides web site:  “Available
Information on Assessing Exposure from Pesticides, A User’s Guide,”
21-JUN-2000, web link: 
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf ; or see
SOP 99.6 (20-AUG-1999).

The most recent dietary exposure assessment for diuron was performed in
conjunction with reregistration and tolerance reassessment for the
Agency RED issued in 2003. [J. Punzi, D276683, 9/10/2001].

II.	Residue Information

Established and Proposed Tolerances:

Permanent tolerances for residues of diuron per se are listed under 40
CFR §180.106(a) for a variety of crops, including citrus, berries,
grains and associated livestock feed items.  Tolerance levels range from
0.1 ppm in nuts to 7 ppm in asparagus.  In conjunction with
reregistration, HED has recommended the tolerance expression be revised
to include diuron and its metabolites convertible to 3,4-dichloroaniline
(3,4-DCA), since the enforcement method is a common moiety method that
converts residues to 3,4-DCA.

With the current assessment, a 2 ppm Section 18 time-limited tolerance
[40 CFR §180.106(b)] for residues in catfish fillets should be added to
the list of permanent tolerances; however, the permanent tolerance
should reflect the correct commodity definition – fish - freshwater
finfish, farm raised.

HED has previously recommended in favor of a 0.05 ppm tolerance for
diuron residues in prickly pear cactus [memo, M. Firestone, 4/24/1986,
PP #6E3390, no DP Barcode].  The correct commodity definition is cactus.
 The tolerance is to reflect regional registration for the states of CA,
TX, AZ and NM.  Prickly pear cactus is not a commodity included in
DEEM-FCID™, indicating that significant consumption of this commodity
was not reported in the USDA CSFII.  Although the current assessment
does not specifically include prickly pear cactus, HED is still
recommending in favor of the tolerance, because dietary exposure
estimates generated largely from field trial residues from the other
more highly consumed commodities result in a conservative estimate of
exposure and risk, and prickly pear cactus consumption would not be
considered likely to have a significant impact on overall dietary
exposure.  Furthermore, the proposed tolerance is based on nondetectable
residues from prickly pear field trials, further supporting the very low
exposure potential to diuron residues resulting from this proposed use.

In the residue chemistry chapter of the RED, HED recommended the
tolerance for residues in peppermint hay be revised to reflect the
correct commodity definition, peppermint, tops.  In accordance with the
OPPTS Residue Chemistry Guidelines, 860.1500, if adequate residue data
are available for peppermint or spearmint, then tolerances may be
established in both peppermint and spearmint tops.  Therefore, in this
assessment, HED is recommending a tolerance of 1.5 ppm in spearmint,
tops, based on adequate data submitted to support the similar tolerance
for residues in peppermint tops.

Anticipated Residues for Diuron

Anticipated residues (ARs) were generated from diuron field trials for
the dietary assessment conducted to support the RED [memo, J. Punzi,
D276683, 9/10/2001].  The 2001 memo cited previously generated ARs from
the 2/13/92 C. Swartz memo (D169227) and the 10/8/98 R. Loranger memo
(D250038) were used for some commodities.  These ARs have also been used
to support the current action, with the exception of commodities for
which PDP monitoring data were used (oranges, orange juice, apples,
grapes, drinking water), as described below.  Because no acute endpoint
was selected for dietary risk assessment, only chronic non-cancer and
cancer risk assessments have been conducted.  For the chronic
assessments, HED has used average residues with %CT information (see
additional discussion below) as shown in Table 1.  For livestock
commodities, HED has listed ARs calculated based on worst-case diets in
cattle; these residues were also used for goat, hog, horse (meat only)
and sheep commodities in the dietary analysis.

Table 1.  Diuron Anticipated Residues for Chronic Exposure Assessment.

Commodity	Reassessed Tolerance (ppm)	AR Source	AR	Average %CT

Almonds	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	1

Apples	0.1	PDP, 2004, 744 samples, no detects	0.004258

[1/2 LOD]	10

Apples Juice	N/A	PDP data for apples

[Juice PF = <1X]	0.004258

[1/2 LOD]	10

Artichoke	Tbd	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.3	5

Asparagus	Tbd	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.26	55

Banana	0.05	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.025

[1/2 LOQ]	100

Barley, grain	0.2	Tolerance	0.2	1

Barley, bran	N/A	Tolerance x 1.5X PF	0.3	1

Blackberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	50

Blueberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	30

Boysenberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	50 [blackberry]

Brazil nut	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	1 [almond]

Cattle, fat1	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.000003	N/A

Cattle, meat	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.000001	N/A

Cattle, MBYP	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.00005	N/A

Cattle, Liver	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.00005	N/A

Cattle, Kidney	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.000026	N/A

Milk	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.000058	N/A

Grapefruit	TBD	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.012	45

Grapefruit Juice	N/A	Grapefruit AR/ PF=1X	0.012	45

Lemons	0.5	Tolerance	0.5	15

Lemon Juice	0.5	Lemon AR/ PF =1X	0.5	15

Oranges	0.05	PDP, 2004, 456 samples, no detects	0.005471

[1/2 LOD]	50

Orange Juice	N/A	PDP, 2004, 186 samples, no detects	0.005291

[1/2 LOD]	50

Limes	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	50 [orange]

Lime Juice	N/A	Lime AR/ PF = 1X	0.05	50 [orange]

Tangelos	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	40

Tangerine	0.05	Translated Orange PDP data	0.005471	30

Tangerine Juice	N/A	Translated OJ PDP data	0.005291	30

Citrus Oil	3.0	Tolerance	3.0	50 [orange]

Corn, Grain, pop	0.01	FT – C. Swartz, 2/92	0.086	<1

Corn, Grain, field	0.01	FT – C. Swartz, 2/92	0.086	<1

Cottonseed oil	0.02	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.02	25

Currants	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	30 [blueberry]

Dewberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	50 [blackberry]

Eggs	0.05	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.00026	N/A

Egg yolk	N/A	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.00069	N/A

Egg white	N/A	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.000027	N/A

Filberts	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	20

Gooseberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	50 [blackberry]

Grapes	0.05	PDP, 2004, 212 samples, no detects	0.0055

[1/2 LOD]	10

Grape Juice	N/A	PDP Data for Grapes

[Juice PF = 1X]	0.0055	10

Raisins	N/A	PDP Data for Grapes

[Raisin PF = 1X]	0.0055	10

Huckleberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	50 [blackberry]

Loganberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	50 [blackberry]

Macadamia Nut	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	20 [filbert]

Oat, Grain	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	5

Olive	TBD	Est. tol. 1 ppm/2 [1/2 LOQ]	0.05	15

Olive, oil	TBD	Est. tol. 1 ppm/2 [1/2 LOQ]

Olive oil PF =1X	0.05	15

Papaya	0.5	Tolerance	0.5	100

Peach	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	10

Pear	TBD	PDP, 2004, apples - 744 samples, no detects	0.004258

[1/2 LOD]	10

Peas	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	100

Pecan	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	5

Peppermint	1.5	Tolerance	1.5	90

Peppermint, oil	N/A	Peppermint tolerance x PF =0.3X	0.45	90

Pineapple	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	100

Pineapple Juice	N/A	Tolerance x PF

FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.07	100

Pistachio Nut	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	1 [almond]

Poultry MBYP	TBD	FT/AR – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.00017	N/A

Raspberries	0.1	Tolerance	0.1	30

Sorghum	0.5	FT – C. Swartz, 2/92	0.134	1

Spearmint	N/A	Recommended Tol. = 1.5	1.5	90

Spearmint, oil	N/A	Spearmint tolerance x PF =0.3X	0.45	90

Sugarcane – sugar	N/A	FT – C. Swartz, 2/92	0.00018	15

Sugarcane- molasses	N/A	FT – C. Swartz, 2/92	0.088	15

Walnut	0.05	Tolerance	0.05	15

Wheat, grain	0.5	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.136	1

Wheat, bran	0.7	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.3	1

Wheat, germ	N/A	Translated from wheat, bran	0.3	1

Wheat, flour	N/A	FT – R. Loranger, 10/98	0.019	1

Freshwater finfish, Farm-raised	2	Tolerance	2	100

Water, direct and indirect, all sources	N/A	PDP, 2003, 2004, 1072
samples, Raw + treated.	0.00002	100

1  The AR values used for cattle commodities were translated to similar
commodities of goats, hogs, horses and sheep.

USDA – Pesticide Data Program Monitoring Data for Diuron

The diuron dietary assessment has been refined using monitoring data
from the USDA PDP.  Monitoring data in apples, oranges, orange juice,
grapes, and in drinking water were used.  Although diuron residues in
drinking water were found at the part per trillion level, no detectable
residues were found in raw agricultural commodities (RACs).  Table 2
contains a summary of the PDP monitoring data used for RACs.

Table 2.  Summary of USDA PDP Monitoring Data for Diuron in RACs.

Commodity	Year Tested	# Samples	Ave. Limit of Detection (ppm)	Ave. ½
LOD (ppm)

Apple	2004	744	0.008516	0.004258

Orange	2004	456	0.010943	0.005471

Orange Juice	2004	187	0.010581	0.005291

Grape	2004	212	0.011	0.0055

For potential diuron residues in drinking water, monitoring data from
2003 and 2004 were combined.  A total of 1072 samples of drinking water
(both raw and treated) were analyzed, with twelve detections ranging
from 27 to 267 parts per trillion (ppt).  The LOD in drinking water
ranged from 4.8 to 54 ppt.  The average of the detected residues was
74.3 ppt, while the overall average residue was 20.2 ppt (or 0.02 ppb).

Percent Crop Treated Information:

An updated Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) was prepared by BEAD
[Memo, A. Halvorson, 11/16/05].  The weighted average %CT values were
very similar to those used in the 2003 RED, indicating there has not
been much change in the overall usage of diuron.  The updated SLUA is
attached (see Attachment 1).

Drinking Water Residues Used in the Chronic/Cancer Risk Assessments:

The drinking water exposure assessment conducted in conjunction with the
2003 RED noted that surface water monitoring data resulted in diuron
residues less than 1 ppb.  For ground water, modeling results indicted
that residues of diuron and degradates would be at most 0.6 ppb for
long-term exposure assessment.  The analysis in the RED noted that the
potential for residues in drinking water sources is more likely to occur
from run-off to surface water, and the ground water sources of drinking
water are likely to be less vulnerable to contamination with diuron. 
The RED cited numerous monitoring studies from areas known for high
diuron usage.  The drinking water risks in the RED were calculated from
diuron residues in a FL surface water monitoring study in which the
highest residue found was 1.2 ppb, but the 90th and 95th percentile
residues were both less than the limit of detection in the study, which
ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 ppb.

For the current assessment, HED has used PDP monitoring data from 2003
and 2004, in which 1072 samples of raw and treated water were analyzed
for diuron residues.  Residues were detected in 12 samples, ranging from
27 to 267 ppt, with an average detected residue of 20.2 ppt (0.02 ppb). 
This AR was used in the dietary assessment for water, direct and
indirect, all sources.  This average of detected residues was considered
to be more appropriate for estimating cancer risk from drinking water
than a high-end estimate of surface water residues from the FL
monitoring data.  However, the 2 sets of monitoring data support the
conclusion that potential residues in surface water are much less than 1
ppb, and that, as shown below, potential cancer risk from diuron in
drinking water is not of concern to the Agency.

III. Program and Consumption Information

™ (ver. 2.03), which incorporates consumption data from USDA’s CSFII
1994-1996 and 1998.  The 1994-96, 98 data are based on the reported
consumption of more than 20,000 individuals over two non-consecutive
survey days.  Foods “as consumed” (e.g., apple pie) are linked to
EPA-defined food commodities (e.g. apples, peeled fruit - cooked; fresh
or N/S; baked; or wheat flour - cooked; fresh or N/S, baked) using
publicly available recipe translation files developed jointly by
USDA/ARS and EPA.  For chronic exposure assessment, consumption data are
averaged for the entire U.S. population and within population subgroups.
 Based on analysis of the 1994-96, 98 CSFII consumption data, which took
into account dietary patterns and survey respondents, HED concluded that
it is most appropriate to report risk for the following population
subgroups: the general U.S. population, all infants (<1 year old),
children 1-2, children 3-5, children 6-12, youth 13-19, adults 20-49,
females 13-49, and adults 50+ years old.

For chronic dietary exposure assessment, an estimate of the residue
level in each food or food-form (e.g., orange or orange juice) on the
food commodity residue list is multiplied by the average daily
consumption estimate for that food/food form to produce a residue intake
estimate. The resulting residue intake estimate for each food/food form
is summed with the residue intake estimates for all other food/food
forms on the commodity residue list to arrive at the total average
estimated exposure.  Exposure is expressed in mg/kg body weight/day and
as a percent of the cPAD.  This procedure is performed for each
population subgroup.

IV.  Toxicological Information

There are no appropriate endpoints/doses selected for acute dietary risk
assessment since there were no effects observed in oral toxicity studies
that could be attributed to a single dose exposure.  A summary of the
toxicological doses and endpoints selected for diuron is provided in
Table 3.

Table 3.  Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Diuron for Use in
Dietary Risk Assessment

Exposure/

Scenario	Point of Departure	Uncertainty/FQPA Safety Factors	RfD, PAD,
Level of Concern for Risk Assessment	Study and Toxicological Effects

Acute Dietary [All Populations]	N/A	N/A	N/A	An acute dietary endpoint
was not selected based on the absence of an appropriate endpoint
attributed to a single dose.

Chronic Dietary (All Populations)	LOAEL=1

mg/kg/day	UFA=10X

UFH=10X

FQPA SF= 10X

[UFL]	Chronic RfD = 0.001

mg/kg/day

cPAD = 0.001

mg/kg/day	Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study in Rats

LOAEL = 1 mg/kg/day based on Evidence of hemolytic anemia and
compensatory hematopoiesis

Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation)	A cancer slope factor of 1.91 x 10-2
has been established based on urinary bladder carcinomas in both sexes
of the Wistar rat, kidney carcinomas in the male rat (a rare tumor), and
mammary gland carcinomas in the female NMRI mouse.

Point of Departure (POD) = A data point or an estimated point that is
derived from observed dose-response data and  used to mark the beginning
of extrapolation to determine risk associated with lower environmentally
relevant human exposures.  NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level. 
LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level.  UF = uncertainty factor. 
UFA = extrapolation from animal to human (interspecies).  UFH =
potential variation in sensitivity among members of the human population
(intraspecies).  UFL = use of a LOAEL to extrapolate a NOAEL.  FQPA SF =
FQPA Safety Factor.  PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c =
chronic).  RfD = reference dose.

V.  Results/Discussion

The diuron chronic dietary risk estimates are all below HED’s level of
concern.  Dietary exposure for the general US population was 0.000074
mg/kg/day, or 7.4 % of the cPAD.  This exposure corresponds to a cancer
risk estimate of 1.4 x 10-6, which is not of concern.  For chronic
non-cancer risk, the most highly exposed population subgroup was
children 1-2 years old, with an exposure of 0.000194 mg/kg/day, or 19.4
%cPAD.  Refer to Table 4 for additional details.

Table 4.  Summary of Dietary (Food and Drinking Water) Exposure and
Risk for Diuron

Population Subgroup	Chronic Dietary	Cancer

	Dietary Exposure

(mg/kg/day)	% cPAD	Dietary Exposure

(mg/kg/day)	Risk

General U.S. Population	0.000074	7.4	0.000074	1.41x 10-6

All Infants (< 1 year old)	0.000119	12	N/A	N/A

Children 1-2 years old	0.000194	19

Children 3-5 years old	0.000152	15

Children 6-12 years old	0.000092	9.2

Youth 13-19 years old	0.000046	4.6

Adults 20-49 years old	0.000059	5.9

Adults 50+ years old	0.000072	7.2

Females 13-49 years old	0.000062	6.2

Anticipated Residues and Cancer Risk for MCPDMU

The nature of the residue is adequately understood in plants and
livestock; however, HED had previously requested the submission of a
metabolism study in fish, based on potential concern for residues of the
drinking water degradate, MCPDMU [N’-(3-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl
urea] in fish.  The MCPDMU degradate is structurally similar to monuron,
which is no longer registered in the US.  Monuron produces tumors in
kidney and liver in male rats, and has a cancer potency factor (Q1*) of
1.52 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day) -1.  In a personal communication with the
Registration Division (5/2/5005 e-mail from C. Swartz to Donald Stubbs),
HED concluded the fish metabolism study is not needed because a
worst-case dietary exposure analysis for the degradate, including
residues in drinking water and a conservative estimate of potential
residues in fish, resulted in a cancer risk well below the level of
concern.  For that assessment, HED used the MCPDMU drinking water
residue value of 1 ppb, based on monitoring data as described in the
RED, and assumed 25% (i.e., 0.5 ppm) of the residue in fish could be
attributed to the degradate.  The combined exposure estimate for the
degradate from drinking water and fish residues is 0.000039 mg/kg/day;
assuming similar cancer potency to monuron results in a cancer risk
estimate of 5.9 x 10-7, which is not of concern.

VI. Characterization of Inputs/Outputs

The cancer and chronic exposure assessments were somewhat refined with
the use of average %CT, average field trial residues for some
commodities, anticipated residues in livestock commodities, and some
monitoring data.  However, HED still considers these dietary exposure
estimates to be conservative, because tolerance-level residues were used
for many commodities, and because field trial residues still represent a
high-end estimate of exposure at the point of consumption.

VII. Conclusions

The chronic dietary (food + water) risk estimates are at most 19 %cPAD
and are therefore below HED’s level of concern (children 1-2 years old
were the most highly exposed population subgroup).  Dietary (food +
water) cancer risk for diuron was determined to be 1.4 x 10-6, which is
not of concern.  Potential cancer risk associated with a drinking water
degradate of diuron, MCPDMU, was also not of concern based on
upper-bound exposure and a surrogate cancer potency factor.  Dietary
risk associated with the proposed tolerances is below HED’s level of
concern.

VIII.  List of Attachments

Attachment 1:	BEAD SLUA for Diuron

Attachment 2:	DEEM-FCID( chronic residue file

Attachment 3:	DEEM-FCID( chronic exposure estimates

Attachment 4:	DEEM-FCID™ residues file and cancer risk estimate for
the degradate, MCPDMU

Attachment 1.  BEAD SLUA for Diuron.

Diuron (35505)

Screening-level Usage Analysis (SLUA)

Date:  November 18, 2005

What is a Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA)?

Available estimates of pesticide usage data for a particular active
ingredient that is used on agricultural crops in the United States.

What does it contain?

Pesticide usage data for a single active ingredient only.

Agricultural use sites (crops) that the pesticide is reported to be used
on. 

Available pesticide usage information (i.e., does not include all of the
United States).

Annual percent of crop treated (average & maximum) for each agricultural
crop.

Average annual pounds of the pesticide applied for each agricultural
crop (i.e., for the states surveyed, not for the entire United States).

What assumptions can I make about the reported data?

Average pounds of active ingredient applied - Values are calculated by
merging pesticide usage data sources together; averaging by year,
averaging across all years, & then rounding.  Note:  If the estimated
value is less than 500, then that value is labeled <500.  Estimated
values between 500 & <1,000,000 are rounded to 1 significant digit. 
Estimated values of 1,000,000 or greater are rounded to 2 significant
digits.)

Average percent of crop treated - Values are calculated by merging data
sources together; averaging by year, averaging across all years, &
rounding to the nearest multiple of 5.  Note:  If the estimated value is
less than 1, then the value is labeled <1.

Maximum percent of crop treated - Value is the single maximum value
reported across all data sources, across all years, & rounded up to the
nearest multiple of 5.  Note:  If the estimated value is less than 2.5,
then the value is labeled <2.5.

What are the data sources used?

USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture’s National
Agricultural Statistics Service) – pesticide usage data from 1999 to
2004.

NCFAP (National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy) – pesticide
usage data from 1997 and used only if data are not available from the
other sources.

Private Pesticide Market Research – pesticide usage data from 1999 to
2004.

California DPR data can be requested separately.

What are the data limitations?

Additional registered uses may exist but are not included because the
available surveys do not report usage (e.g., small acreage crops).

Lack of reported usage data for the pesticide on a crop does not imply
zero usage.

Usage data on a particular site may be noted in data sources, but not
quantified.  In these instances, the site would not be reported in the
SLUA.

Non-agricultural use sites (e.g., turf, post-harvest, mosquito control,
etc.) are not reported in the SLUA.  A separate request must be made to
receive these estimates.

Some sites show some use, even though they are not on the label.  This
usage could be due to Section 18 requests, existing stocks of the
chemical, data collection errors, experimental use permit (EUP), and/or
because of an illegal use. 

Who do I contact for further information and/or questions on this SLUA?

Jihad Alsadek, 703-308-8140

Alan Halvorson, 703-308-8070

                                Wednesday, November 16, 2005 14:19      
  

	  	 		

                    Screening Level Estimates of Agricultural Uses of
diuron		

                                         Sorted Alphabetically		

	  	 		

	  	 	

		Crop                                                             Lbs.
A.I.                        Percent Crop Ttd.

                                                                        
                                                            Avg.       
Max.		  	 		

	1 	Alfalfa	200,000	<1           <2.5

	2 	Almonds	6,000	<1           <2.5

	3 	Apples	100,000	10             15

	4 	Artichokes	1,000	5              5

	5 	Asparagus	80,000	55             75

	6 	Avocados	2,000	<1           <2.5

	7 	Barley	1,000	<1           <2.5

	8 	Blackberries	4,000	50             60

	9 	Blueberries	10,000	30             35

	10	Cherries	2,000	<1           <2.5

	11	Corn	30,000	<1           <2.5

	12	Cotton	1,500,000	25             30

	13	Fallow, Summer	10,000	<1           <2.5

	14	Grapefruit	200,000	45             55

	15	Grapes	200,000	10             20

	16	Hazelnuts (Filberts)	10,000	20             30

	17	Lemons	30,000	15             35

	18	Mint (NCFAP '97)	                                          20,000   
                     90 	

	19	Oats (NCFAP '97)	                                            2,000  
                        5	

	20	Olives	8,000	15             25

	21	Oranges	1,700,000	50             55

	22	Pasture	10,000	<1           <2.5

	23	Peaches	30,000	10             15

	24	Pears	20,000	10             15

	25	Pecans	40,000	5              5

	26	Prunes & Plums	3,000	<1           <2.5

	27	Raspberries	3,000	30             35

	28	Seed Crops (NCFAP '97)	                             700,000         
               70	

	29	Sorghum	7,000	<1           <2.5

	30	Sugarcane	200,000	15             20

	31	Sweet Corn	1,000	<1           <2.5

	32	Tangelos	10,000	40             55

	33	Tangerines	20,000	30             40

	34	Walnuts	100,000	15             20

	35	Watermelons	<500	<1           <2.5

	36	Wheat	30,000	<1           <2.5

	  	 		

______________________________________		

	  	 		

All numbers rounded.		

'<500' indicates less than 500 pounds of active ingredient.		

'<2.5' indicates less than 2.5 percent of crop is treated.		

Attachment 2.  Diuron DEEM-FCID™ Chronic Residue File.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for DIURON                            
1994-98 data

Residue file: C:\Documents and Settings\cswart02\My
Documents\RAB2chemicals\Diuron\DietaryNov06\chronic_06input.R98

                                                           Adjust. #2
NOT used

Analysis Date 03-10-2007             Residue file dated:
03-10-2007/18:07:35/8

Reference dose (RfD) = 0.001 mg/kg bw/day

Comment:No Acute Endpoint; chronic UFs = 300X

------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

Food Crop                                       Residue      
Adj.Factors      Comment

EPA Code  Grp  Food Name                          (ppm)       

                                                             #1        
#2 

-------- ---- -------------------------------   ---------- ------    
------   -------

14000030 14   Almond                             0.050000   1.000     
0.010   

14000031 14   Almond-babyfood                    0.050000   1.000     
0.010   

14000040 14   Almond, oil                        0.050000   1.000     
0.010   

14000041 14   Almond, oil-babyfood               0.050000   1.000     
0.010   

11000070 11   Apple, fruit with peel             0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11000080 11   Apple, peeled fruit                0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11000081 11   Apple, peeled fruit-babyfood       0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11000090 11   Apple, dried                       0.004258   8.000     
0.100   

11000091 11   Apple, dried-babyfood              0.004258   8.000     
0.100   

11000100 11   Apple, juice                       0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11000101 11   Apple, juice-babyfood              0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11000110 11   Apple, sauce                       0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11000111 11   Apple, sauce-babyfood              0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

95000160 O    Artichoke, globe                   0.300000   1.000     
0.050   

95000190 O    Asparagus                          0.260000   1.000     
0.550   

95000230 O    Banana                             0.025000   1.000     
1.000   

95000231 O    Banana-babyfood                    0.025000   1.000     
1.000   

95000240 O    Banana, dried                      0.025000   3.900     
1.000   

95000241 O    Banana, dried-babyfood             0.025000   1.000     
1.000   

15000250 15   Barley, pearled barley             0.200000   1.000     
0.010   

15000251 15   Barley, pearled barley-babyfood    0.200000   1.000     
0.010   

15000260 15   Barley, flour                      0.200000   1.000     
0.010   

15000261 15   Barley, flour-babyfood             0.200000   1.000     
0.010   

15000270 15   Barley, bran                       0.300000   1.000     
0.010   

21000440 M    Beef, meat                         0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

21000441 M    Beef, meat-babyfood                0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

21000450 M    Beef, meat, dried                  0.000001   1.920     
1.000   

21000460 M    Beef, meat byproducts              0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

21000461 M    Beef, meat byproducts-babyfood     0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

21000470 M    Beef, fat                          0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

21000471 M    Beef,fat-babyfood                  0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

21000480 M    Beef, kidney                       0.000026   1.000     
1.000   

21000490 M    Beef, liver                        0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

21000491 M    Beef, liver-babyfood               0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

13010550 13A  Blackberry                         0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

13010560 13A  Blackberry, juice                  0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

13010561 13A  Blackberry, juice-babyfood         0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

13020570 13B  Blueberry                          0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13020571 13B  Blueberry-babyfood                 0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13010580 13A  Boysenberry                        0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

14000590 14   Brazil nut                         0.050000   1.000     
0.010   

40000950 P    Chicken, meat byproducts           0.000170   1.000     
1.000   

40000951 P    Chicken, meat byproducts-babyfoo   0.000170   1.000     
1.000   

10001080 10   Citrus, oil                        3.000000   1.000     
0.500   

15001200 15   Corn, field, flour                 0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001201 15   Corn, field, flour-babyfood        0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001210 15   Corn, field, meal                  0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001211 15   Corn, field, meal-babyfood         0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001220 15   Corn, field, bran                  0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001230 15   Corn, field, starch                0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001231 15   Corn, field, starch-babyfood       0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001240 15   Corn, field, syrup                 0.086000   1.500     
0.010   

15001241 15   Corn, field, syrup-babyfood        0.086000   1.500     
0.010   

15001250 15   Corn, field, oil                   0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001251 15   Corn, field, oil-babyfood          0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

15001260 15   Corn, pop                          0.086000   1.000     
0.010   

95001280 O    Cottonseed, oil                    0.020000   1.000     
0.250   

95001281 O    Cottonseed, oil-babyfood           0.020000   1.000     
0.250   

13021360 13B  Currant                            0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13021370 13B  Currant, dried                     0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13011420 13A  Dewberry                           0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

70001450 P    Egg, whole                         0.000260   1.000     
1.000   

70001451 P    Egg, whole-babyfood                0.000260   1.000     
1.000   

70001460 P    Egg, white                         0.000027   1.000     
1.000   

70001461 P    Egg, white (solids)-babyfood       0.000027   1.000     
1.000   

70001470 P    Egg, yolk                          0.000690   1.000     
1.000   

70001471 P    Egg, yolk-babyfood                 0.000690   1.000     
1.000   

14001550 14   Filbert                            0.050000   1.000     
0.200   

14001560 14   Filbert, oil                       0.050000   1.000     
0.200   

80001580 F    Fish-freshwater finfish, farm ra   2.000000   1.000     
1.000   

23001690 M    Goat, meat                         0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

23001700 M    Goat, meat byproducts              0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

23001710 M    Goat, fat                          0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

23001720 M    Goat, kidney                       0.000026   1.000     
1.000   

23001730 M    Goat, liver                        0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

13021740 13B  Gooseberry                         0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

95001750 O    Grape                              0.005500   1.000     
0.100   

95001760 O    Grape, juice                       0.005500   1.000     
0.100   

95001761 O    Grape, juice-babyfood              0.005500   1.000     
0.100   

95001780 O    Grape, raisin                      0.005500   1.000     
0.100   

95001790 O    Grape, wine and sherry             0.005500   1.000     
0.100   

10001800 10   Grapefruit                         0.012000   1.000     
0.450   

10001810 10   Grapefruit, juice                  0.012000   1.000     
0.450   

14001850 14   Hickory nut                        0.050000   1.000     
1.000   

24001890 M    Horse, meat                        0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

13021910 13B  Huckleberry                        0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

10001990 10   Lemon                              0.500000   1.000     
0.150   

10002000 10   Lemon, juice                       0.500000   1.000     
0.150   

10002001 10   Lemon, juice-babyfood              0.500000   1.000     
0.150   

10002010 10   Lemon, peel                        0.500000   1.000     
0.150   

10002060 10   Lime                               0.050000   1.000     
0.500   

10002070 10   Lime, juice                        0.050000   1.000     
0.500   

10002071 10   Lime, juice-babyfood               0.050000   1.000     
0.500   

13012080 13A  Loganberry                         0.100000   1.000     
0.500   

14002130 14   Macadamia nut                      0.050000   1.000     
0.200   

27002220 D    Milk, fat                          0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

27002221 D    Milk, fat - baby food/infant for   0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

27012230 D    Milk, nonfat solids                0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

27012231 D    Milk, nonfat solids-baby food/in   0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

27022240 D    Milk, water                        0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

27022241 D    Milk, water-babyfood/infant form   0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

27032251 D    Milk, sugar (lactose)-baby food/   0.000058   1.000     
1.000   

15002310 15   Oat, bran                          0.100000   1.000     
0.050   

15002320 15   Oat, flour                         0.100000   1.000     
0.050   

15002321 15   Oat, flour-babyfood                0.100000   1.000     
0.050   

15002330 15   Oat, groats/rolled oats            0.100000   1.000     
0.050   

15002331 15   Oat, groats/rolled oats-babyfood   0.100000   1.000     
0.050   

95002350 O    Olive                              0.050000   1.000     
0.150   

95002360 O    Olive, oil                         0.050000   1.000     
0.150   

10002400 10   Orange                             0.005471   1.000     
0.500   

10002410 10   Orange, juice                      0.005291   1.000     
0.500   

10002411 10   Orange, juice-babyfood             0.005291   1.000     
0.500   

10002420 10   Orange, peel                       0.005471   1.000     
0.500   

95002450 O    Papaya                             0.500000   1.000     
1.000   

95002451 O    Papaya-babyfood                    0.500000   1.000     
1.000   

95002460 O    Papaya, dried                      0.500000   1.800     
1.000   

95002470 O    Papaya, juice                      0.500000   1.500     
1.000   

06022550 6B   Pea, succulent                     0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

06022551 6B   Pea, succulent-babyfood            0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

06012570 6A   Pea, edible podded, succulent      0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

06022590 6B   Pea, pigeon, succulent             0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

12002600 12   Peach                              0.100000   1.000     
0.100   

12002601 12   Peach-babyfood                     0.100000   1.000     
0.100   

12002610 12   Peach, dried                       0.100000   7.000     
0.100   

12002611 12   Peach, dried-babyfood              0.100000   7.000     
0.100   

12002620 12   Peach, juice                       0.100000   1.000     
0.100   

12002621 12   Peach, juice-babyfood              0.100000   1.000     
0.100   

11002660 11   Pear                               0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11002661 11   Pear-babyfood                      0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11002670 11   Pear, dried                        0.004258   6.250     
0.100   

11002680 11   Pear, juice                        0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

11002681 11   Pear, juice-babyfood               0.004258   1.000     
0.100   

14002690 14   Pecan                              0.050000   1.000     
0.050   

95002750 O    Peppermint                         1.500000   1.000     
0.900   

95002760 O    Peppermint, oil                    0.450000   1.000     
0.900   

95002790 O    Pineapple                          0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

95002791 O    Pineapple-babyfood                 0.100000   1.000     
1.000   

95002800 O    Pineapple, dried                   0.100000   5.000     
1.000   

95002810 O    Pineapple, juice                   0.070000   1.000     
1.000   

95002811 O    Pineapple, juice-babyfood          0.070000   1.000     
1.000   

14002820 14   Pistachio                          0.050000   1.000     
0.010   

95002830 O    Plantain                           0.025000   1.000     
1.000   

95002840 O    Plantain, dried                    0.025000   3.900     
1.000   

25002900 M    Pork, meat                         0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

25002901 M    Pork, meat-babyfood                0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

25002910 M    Pork, skin                         0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

25002920 M    Pork, meat byproducts              0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

25002921 M    Pork, meat byproducts-babyfood     0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

25002930 M    Pork, fat                          0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

25002931 M    Pork, fat-babyfood                 0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

25002940 M    Pork, kidney                       0.000026   1.000     
1.000   

25002950 M    Pork, liver                        0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

60003020 P    Poultry, other, liver              0.000170   1.000     
1.000   

60003030 P    Poultry, other, meat byproducts    0.000170   1.000     
1.000   

13013200 13A  Raspberry                          0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13013201 13A  Raspberry-babyfood                 0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13013210 13A  Raspberry, juice                   0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

13013211 13A  Raspberry, juice-babyfood          0.100000   1.000     
0.300   

26003390 M    Sheep, meat                        0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

26003391 M    Sheep, meat-babyfood               0.000001   1.000     
1.000   

26003400 M    Sheep, meat byproducts             0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

26003410 M    Sheep, fat                         0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

26003411 M    Sheep, fat-babyfood                0.000003   1.000     
1.000   

26003420 M    Sheep, kidney                      0.000026   1.000     
1.000   

26003430 M    Sheep, liver                       0.000050   1.000     
1.000   

15003440 15   Sorghum, grain                     0.134000   1.000     
0.010   

15003450 15   Sorghum, syrup                     0.134000   1.000     
0.010   

95003520 O    Spearmint                          1.500000   1.000     
0.900   

95003530 O    Spearmint, oil                     0.450000   1.000     
0.900   

95003620 O    Sugarcane, sugar                   0.000180   1.000     
0.150   

95003621 O    Sugarcane, sugar-babyfood          0.000180   1.000     
0.150   

95003630 O    Sugarcane, molasses                0.088000   1.000     
0.150   

95003631 O    Sugarcane, molasses-babyfood       0.088000   1.000     
0.150   

10003690 10   Tangerine                          0.005471   1.000     
0.300   

10003700 10   Tangerine, juice                   0.005291   1.000     
0.300   

50003840 P    Turkey, meat byproducts            0.000170   1.000     
1.000   

50003841 P    Turkey, meat byproducts-babyfood   0.000170   1.000     
1.000   

14003910 14   Walnut                             0.050000   1.000     
0.150   

86010000 O    Water, direct, all sources         0.000020   1.000     
1.000   

86020000 O    Water, indirect, all sources       0.000020   1.000     
1.000   

15004010 15   Wheat, grain                       0.136000   1.000     
0.010   

15004011 15   Wheat, grain-babyfood              0.136000   1.000     
0.010   

15004020 15   Wheat, flour                       0.019000   1.000     
0.010   

15004021 15   Wheat, flour-babyfood              0.019000   1.000     
0.010   

DEEM-FCID™ Chronic and Cancer Exposure Estimates

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for DIURON                           (1994-98
data)

Residue file name: C:\Documents and Settings\cswart02\My
Documents\RAB2chemicals\Diuron\DietaryNov06\chronic_06input.R98

                                                     Adjustment factor
#2 used.

Analysis Date 03-10-2007/18:13:33     Residue file dated:
03-10-2007/18:07:35/8

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .001 mg/kg bw/day

COMMENT 1: No Acute Endpoint; chronic UFs = 300X

========================================================================
=======

                    Total exposure by population subgroup

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

                                                    Total Exposure

                                        
-----------------------------------

          Population                         mg/kg             Percent
of   

           Subgroup                       body wt/day             Rfd   
   

--------------------------------------   -------------      
---------------

U.S. Population (total)                     0.000074                
7.4%

U.S. Population (spring season)             0.000068                
6.8%

U.S. Population (summer season)             0.000065                
6.5%

U.S. Population (autumn season)             0.000076                
7.6%

U.S. Population (winter season)             0.000086                
8.6%

Northeast region                            0.000054                
5.4%

Midwest region                              0.000072                
7.2%

Southern region                             0.000075                
7.5%

Western region                              0.000090                
9.0%

Hispanics                                   0.000084                
8.4%

Non-hispanic whites                         0.000061                
6.1%

Non-hispanic blacks                         0.000110               
11.0%

Non-hisp/non-white/non-black                0.000146               
14.6%

All infants (< 1 year)                      0.000119               
11.9%

Nursing infants                             0.000073                
7.3%

Non-nursing infants                         0.000137               
13.7%

Children 1-6  yrs                           0.000157               
15.7%

Children 7-12 yrs                           0.000090                
9.0%

Females 13-19 (not preg or nursing)         0.000041                
4.1%

Females 20+ (not preg or nursing)           0.000064                
6.4%

Females 13-50 yrs                           0.000066                
6.6%

Females 13+ (preg/not nursing)              0.000109               
10.9%

Females 13+ (nursing)                       0.000048                
4.8%

Males 13-19 yrs                             0.000050                
5.0%

Males 20+ yrs                               0.000062                
6.2%

Seniors 55+                                 0.000073                
7.3%

Children 1-2 yrs                            0.000194               
19.4%

Children 3-5 yrs                            0.000152               
15.2%

Children 6-12 yrs                           0.000092                
9.2%

Youth 13-19 yrs                             0.000046                
4.6%

Adults 20-49 yrs                            0.000059                
5.9%

Adults 50+ yrs                              0.000072                
7.2%

Females 13-49 yrs                           0.000062                
6.2%

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for DIURON                           (1994-98
data)

Residue file name: C:\Documents and Settings\cswart02\My
Documents\RAB2chemicals\Diuron\DietaryNov06\chronic_06input.R98

                                                     Adjustment factor
#2 used.

Analysis Date 01-20-2007/17:19:33     Residue file dated:
01-20-2007/17:11:31/8

Q* = 0.0191 

COMMENT 1: No Acute Endpoint; chronic UFs = 300X

========================================================================
=======

                    Total exposure by population subgroup

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

                                                    Total Exposure

                                        
-----------------------------------

          Population                         mg/kg         Lifetime risk

           Subgroup                       body wt/day       (Q*= .0191)

--------------------------------------   -------------     -------------

U.S. Population (total)                     0.000074         1.41E-06

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

Attachment 4:	DEEM-FCID™ residues file and cancer risk estimate for
the degradate, MCPDMU

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

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D Chronic analysis for MCPMDU - DIURON DEGRADATE          1994-98 data

Residue file: C:\Documents and Settings\cswart02\My
Documents\RAB2chemicals\Diuron\MCPDMU_Bass_noCT.R98

                                                           Adjust. #2
NOT used

Analysis Date 01-05-2007             Residue file dated:
01-05-2007/21:56:33/8

Q* = 0.0152

Comment:Surrogate q* from monuron

------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------

Food Crop                                       Residue      
Adj.Factors      Comment

EPA Code  Grp  Food Name                          (ppm)       

                                                             #1        
#2 

-------- ---- -------------------------------   ---------- ------    
------   -------

80001570 F    Fish-freshwater finfish            0.500000   1.000     
1.000   

80001580 F    Fish-freshwater finfish, farm ra   0.500000   1.000     
1.000   

86010000 O    Water, direct, all sources         0.001000   1.000     
1.000   

86020000 O    Water, indirect, all sources       0.001000   1.000     
1.000   

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency                                
Ver. 2.00

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for MCPMDU - DIURON DEGRADATE        (1994-98
data)

Residue file name: C:\Documents and Settings\cswart02\My
Documents\RAB2chemicals\Diuron\MCPDMU_Bass_noCT.R98

                                                 Adjustment factor #2
NOT used.

Analysis Date 01-05-2007/21:56:47     Residue file dated:
01-05-2007/21:56:33/8

Q* = 0.0152 

COMMENT 1: Surrogate q* from monuron

========================================================================
=======

                    Total exposure by population subgroup

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

                                                    Total Exposure

                                        
-----------------------------------

          Population                         mg/kg         Lifetime risk

           Subgroup                       body wt/day       (Q*= .0152)

--------------------------------------   -------------     -------------

U.S. Population (total)                     0.000039         5.89E-07

Diuron (035505)	Dietary Exposure Assessment	D335227

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