Document ID: FDA-2022-N-2389-0001
Agency: fda
Document Type: Notice
Title: Authorization of Emergency Use of a Biological Product in Response to an Outbreak of Monkeypox; Availability
Posted Date: 2022-10-07T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 194 (Friday, October 7, 2022)]
[Notices]
[Pages 61054-61063]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2022-21834]

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

[Docket No. FDA-2022-N-2389]

Authorization of Emergency Use of a Biological Product in 
Response to an Outbreak of Monkeypox; Availability

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the 
issuance of an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) (the Authorization) 
under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) in response 
to an outbreak of monkeypox. FDA has issued one Authorization for a 
biological product as requested by the National Institute of Allergy 
and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a part of the National Institutes of 
Health. The Authorization contains, among other things, conditions on 
the emergency use of the authorized product. The Authorization follows 
the August 9, 2022, determination by the Secretary of the Department of 
Health and Human Services (HHS) that there is a public health 
emergency, or a significant potential for a public health emergency, 
that affects, or has a significant potential to affect, national 
security or the health and security of United States (U.S.) citizens 
living abroad, and that involves monkeypox virus. On the basis of such 
determination, the Secretary of HHS declared, on August 9, 2022, that 
circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of 
vaccines pursuant to the FD&C Act, subject to the terms of any 
authorization issued under that section. The Authorization, which 
includes an explanation of the reasons for issuance, is reprinted in 
this document.

DATES: The Authorization is effective as of August 9, 2022.

ADDRESSES: Submit written requests for a single copy of the EUA to the 
Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, Food and Drug 
Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 1, Rm. 4338, Silver 
Spring, MD 20993-0002. Send one self-addressed adhesive label to assist 
that office in processing your request or include a fax number to which 
the Authorization may be sent. See the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
section for electronic access to the Authorization.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael Mair, Office of 
Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, Food and Drug Administration, 
10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 1, Rm. 4340, Silver Spring, MD 20993-
0002, 301-796-8510 (this is not a toll free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    Section 564 of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 360bbb-3) allows FDA to 
strengthen public health protections against biological, chemical, 
nuclear, and radiological agents. Among other things, section 564 of 
the FD&C Act allows FDA to authorize the use of an unapproved medical 
product or an unapproved use of an approved medical product in certain 
situations. With this EUA authority, FDA can help ensure that medical 
countermeasures may be used in emergencies to diagnose, treat, or 
prevent serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions caused by 
biological, chemical, nuclear, or radiological agents when there are no 
adequate, approved, and available alternatives (among other criteria).

II. Criteria for EUA Authorization

    Section 564(b)(1) of the FD&C Act provides that, before an EUA may 
be issued, the Secretary of HHS must declare that circumstances exist 
justifying the authorization based on one of the following grounds: (1) 
a determination by the Secretary of Homeland Security that there is a 
domestic emergency, or a significant potential for a domestic 
emergency, involving a heightened risk of attack with a biological, 
chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; (2) a determination 
by the Secretary of Defense that there is a military emergency, or a 
significant potential for a military emergency, involving a heightened 
risk to U.S. military forces, including personnel operating under the 
authority of title 10 or title 50, U.S. Code, of attack with (A) a 
biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; or (B) 
an agent or agents that may cause, or are otherwise associated with, an 
imminently life-threatening and specific risk to U.S. military forces; 
\1\ (3) a determination by the Secretary of HHS that there is a public 
health emergency, or a significant potential for a public health 
emergency, that affects, or has a significant potential to affect, 
national security or the health and security of U.S. citizens living 
abroad, and that involves a biological, chemical, radiological, or 
nuclear agent or agents, or a disease or condition that may be 
attributable to such agent or agents; or (4) the identification of a 
material threat by the Secretary of Homeland Security pursuant to 
section 319F-2 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act (42 U.S.C. 247d-
6b) sufficient to affect national security or the health and security 
of U.S. citizens living abroad.
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    \1\ In the case of a determination by the Secretary of Defense, 
the Secretary of HHS shall determine within 45 calendar days of such 
determination, whether to make a declaration under section 564(b)(1) 
of the FD&C Act, and, if appropriate, shall promptly make such a 
declaration.
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    Once the Secretary of HHS has declared that circumstances exist 
justifying an authorization under section 564 of the FD&C Act, FDA may 
authorize the emergency use of a drug, device, or biological product if 
the Agency concludes that the statutory criteria are satisfied. Under 
section 564(h)(1) of the FD&C Act, FDA is required to publish in the 
Federal Register a notice of each authorization, and each termination 
or revocation of an authorization, and an explanation of the reasons 
for the action. Under section 564(h)(1) of the FD&C Act, revisions to 
an authorization shall be made available on the internet website of 
FDA. Section 564 of the FD&C Act permits FDA to authorize the 
introduction into interstate commerce of a drug, device, or biological 
product intended for use in an actual or potential emergency when the 
Secretary of HHS has declared that circumstances exist justifying the 
authorization of emergency use. Products appropriate for emergency use 
may include products and uses that are not approved, cleared, or 
licensed under sections 505, 510(k), 512, or 515 of the FD&C Act (21 
U.S.C. 355, 360(k), 360b, and 360e) or section 351 of the Public Health 
Service Act (PHS Act) (42 U.S.C. 262), or conditionally approved under 
section 571 of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 360ccc).
    FDA may issue an EUA only if, after consultation with the HHS 
Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, the Director of the 
National Institutes of Health, and the Director of the Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention (to the extent feasible and appropriate 
given the applicable circumstances), FDA \2\ concludes: (1) that an 
agent referred to in a declaration

[[Page 61055]]

of emergency or threat can cause a serious or life-threatening disease 
or condition; (2) that, based on the totality of scientific evidence 
available to FDA, including data from adequate and well-controlled 
clinical trials, if available, it is reasonable to believe that: (A) 
the product may be effective in diagnosing, treating, or preventing (i) 
such disease or condition; or (ii) a serious or life-threatening 
disease or condition caused by a product authorized under section 564 
of the FD&C Act, approved or cleared under the FD&C Act, or licensed 
under section 351 of the PHS Act, for diagnosing, treating, or 
preventing such a disease or condition caused by such an agent; and (B) 
the known and potential benefits of the product, when used to diagnose, 
prevent, or treat such disease or condition, outweigh the known and 
potential risks of the product, taking into consideration the material 
threat posed by the agent or agents identified in a declaration under 
section 564(b)(1)(D) of the FD&C Act, if applicable; (3) that there is 
no adequate, approved, and available alternative to the product for 
diagnosing, preventing, or treating such disease or condition; (4) in 
the case of a determination described in section 564(b)(1)(B)(ii) of 
the FD&C Act, that the request for emergency use is made by the 
Secretary of Defense; and (5) that such other criteria as may be 
prescribed by regulation are satisfied.
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    \2\ The Secretary of HHS has delegated the authority to issue an 
EUA under section 564 of the FD&C Act to the Commissioner of Food 
and Drugs.
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    No other criteria for issuance have been prescribed by regulation 
under section 564(c)(5) of the FD&C Act.

III. The Authorization

    The Authorization follows the August 9, 2022, determination by the 
Secretary of HHS that there is a public health emergency, or a 
significant potential for a public health emergency, that affects, or 
has a significant potential to affect, national security or the health 
and security of U.S. citizens living abroad, and that involves 
monkeypox virus. On the basis of such determination, the Secretary of 
HHS declared, on August 9, 2022, that circumstances exist justifying 
the authorization of emergency use of vaccines pursuant to section 564 
of the FD&C Act, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under 
that section. Notice of the Secretary's determination and declaration 
was provided in the Federal Register on August 15, 2022 (87 FR 50090). 
Having concluded that the criteria for issuance of the Authorization 
under section 564(c) of the FD&C Act are met, FDA has issued the 
authorization for the emergency use of a biological product during the 
monkeypox outbreak. On August 9, 2022, FDA issued an EUA to NIAID for 
the biological product JYNNEOS, subject to the terms of the 
Authorization.
    The initial Authorization, which is included below in its entirety 
after section IV of this document (not including the authorized 
versions of the fact sheets and other written materials), provides an 
explanation of the reasons for issuance, as required by section 
564(h)(1) of the FD&C Act. Any subsequent reissuance of the 
Authorization can be found on FDA's web page at: https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization.

IV. Electronic Access

    An electronic version of this document and the full text of the 
Authorization is available on the internet at: https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization.
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    Dated: September 30, 2022.
Lauren K. Roth,
Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2022-21834 Filed 10-6-22; 8:45 am]
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