Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0005
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-11-17T05:00Z

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William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Ammonium
Nitrate
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
ammonium
nitrate
(
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four­
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screening­
level
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters,
including
physical­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials,
which
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data,
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90­
calendar­
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
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HEALTH
&
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DATA
SUMMARY
DOCUMENT
AMMONIUM
NITRATE
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Prepared
for:

THE
FERTILIZER
INSTITUTE
January
27,
2003
THE
WEINBERG
GROUP
INC.
1220
Nineteenth
St,
NW,
Suite
300
Washington,
DC
20036­
2400
e­
mail
science@
weinberggroup.
com
WASHINGTON
NEW
YORK
SAN
FRANCISCO
BRUSSELS
PARIS
i
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
PAGE
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ii
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE..........................................................................................................
8
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................
9
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION....................................................................................
11
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA..............................................................................
16
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.....................................................
20
4.
ECOTOXICITY.........................................................................................................
23
5.
TOXICITY.................................................................................................................
28
6.
REFERENCES
..........................................................................................................
38
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Appendix
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category:
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
primarily
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
[
UAN]),
Potassium
Nitrate,
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate,
and
Sodium
Nitrate
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
1
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1997).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
reference
texts,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physical­
chemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensible,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Nitrate
Compounds
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physicalchemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
nitrate
compounds
in
this
category
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
adequacy
of
the
data
to
sufficiently
characterize
the
category
and
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
ammonium
nitrate
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
adequacy
relies
on
a
category
approach,
the
Data
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
one
or
more
of
the
other
materials
in
the
category
for
those
data
elements
where
no
ammonium
nitrate
data
are
available.

1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
2
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
of
the
nitrate
compounds
in
the
category.
The
individual
studies
for
ammonium
nitrate
itself
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
each
of
the
nitrate
compounds
in
the
category.

II.
Rationale
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category
The
nitrate
compounds
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
ammonium
nitrate,
nitrogen
solutions
(
primarily
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
[
UAN]),
potassium
nitrate,
and
sodium
nitrate,
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
These
compounds
are
structurally
similar.
In
solution
these
compounds
all
dissociate
into
a
common
nitrate
ion:

To
this
base,
the
compounds
vary
according
to
the
simple
cation
present
(
i.
e.,
K+,
Na+,
NH4
+).
The
six
compounds
have
similar
and
generally
predictable
patterns
of
behavior
in
the
environment
as
well
as
toxicological
properties.
Nitrate
itself
is
less
toxicologically
important
than
is
nitrite.
Nitrate
is
reduced
to
nitrite
by
the
enzyme
nitrate
reductase
which
is
found
in
plants,
certain
bacterial
species,
and
mammalian
gastric
tissues
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
After
ingestion
nitrates
are
reduced
to
nitrites
by
bacteria
in
the
lower
intestine
of
the
adult
(
L'hirondel
and
L'hirondel
1998).
In
babies,
it
is
this
nitrite
that
can
lead
to
a
condition
called
methemoglobinemia
("
blue
baby
syndrome")
(
Burden
1961).
It
is
important
to
note
that
the
causation
of
blue
baby
syndrome
is
complex
and
it
may
occur
without
exposure
to
high
levels
of
nitrate
in
drinking
water
or
food.

In
addition
to
methemoglobinemia,
some
evidence
indicates
a
possible
formation
of
N­
nitroso
compounds
in
foods
and
in
tissues
that
contain
excess
nitrates/
nitrites
(
Chow
et
al.
1980).
Nnitroso
compounds
(
e.
g.,
nitrosamines)
are
known
to
be
potent
mutagens/
carcinogens
(
Lijinksy
and
Epstein
1970;
Magee
and
Barnes
1967).
However,
the
quantities
of
nitrosamines
formed
in
mammals
from
nitrates
in
food
are
negligible
and
all
of
the
epidemiological
studies
published
since
1985
concluded
that
there
is
no
positive
correlation
between
nitrate
intakes
and
the
incidence
of
cancer
(
Al­
Dabbagh
et
al.
1986;
Forman
et
al.
1985;
Leclerc
et
al.
1991;
Lijinsky
1989;
Lijinksy
and
Epstein
1970;
Magee
and
Barnes
1967).
In
fact,
some
evidence
suggests
that
nitrates
in
foods
may
actually
play
an
anti­
carcinogenic
role
(
Lijinsky
1989).

In
aquatic
systems,
the
toxicity
of
the
various
nitrate
materials
is
at
least
partially
related
to
the
cationic
composition
of
the
solution,
although
the
available
data
suggest
that
aquatic
toxicity
is
not
a
major
concern
(
Rubin
and
Elmaraghy
1977).

In
terrestrial
systems,
nitrate
absorbed
by
plants
is
reduced
to
nitrite
by
the
enzyme
nitrate
reductase
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
The
nitrite
will
be
further
reduced
only
when
photosynthesis
and
carbohydrate
synthesis
are
active
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
Under
drought
conditions,
frost
and
shading,
or
deficiencies
of
other
nutrients,
each
of
which
reduce
O
N'

O
O
3
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
photosynthesis
and
biosynthesis
of
protein,
nitrate
continues
to
be
absorbed
and
may
accumulate
in
plant
tissue
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
Under
most
conditions,
however,
the
nitrate
ion
will
leach
into
the
soil
pore
water
and
become
indistinguishable
from
the
natural
nitrate
already
present.

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category
Physical­
Chemical
Data
The
density
of
nitrate
compounds
varies
from
0.75­
2.109
g/
mL.
All
nitrate
compounds
are
highly
soluble
in
water
with
solubility
ranging
from
357­
1,920
g/
L
at
20­
25
°
C.
Although
few
vapor
pressure
values
are
available,
based
on
the
fact
that
these
compounds
are
solids,
it
may
be
concluded
that
they
have
low
volatility.
Very
low
octanol/
water
partitioning
coefficients
indicate
a
low
bioaccumulation
potential.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Nitrate
compounds
biodegrade
in
the
environment
under
certain
conditions.
Their
high
solubility
and
expected
low
volatility
suggest
that
they
are
present
mostly
in
aqueous
solutions.
While
the
cation
may
bind
to
clay
particles
in
the
soil,
the
nitrate
anion
may
show
significant
leaching
to
ground
water.
Nitrate
is
subject
to
plant
uptake
and
loss
from
the
ecosystem
in
runoff
waters
or
by
denitrification.

Ecotoxicity
The
acute
96­
hour
LC50
values
for
fish
range
from
327
mg
NO3/
L
to
greater
than
9,300
mg
NO3/
L.
In
addition,
acute
fish
toxicity
studies
were
conducted
on
nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate
under
Good
Laboratory
Practice
(
GLP)
conditions.
The
resultant
LC50
values
were
greater
than
approximately
100
mg/
L,
the
highest
concentrations
tested.
Acute
studies
with
Daphnia
magna
resulted
in
EC50
values
ranging
from
300
to
2,614
mg
NO3/
L.
Chronic
toxicity
studies
on
aquatic
invertebrates
resulted
in
NOEC
values
of
300
mg/
L
and
TLm
values
of
327­
880
mg
NO3/
L.
Algal
toxicity
studies
resulted
in
EC50
values
from
83
to
1,233
mg
NO3/
L.
The
available
ecotoxicity
data
indicate
nitrate
compounds
have
relatively
low
toxicity
to
terrestrial
plants.
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
practically
non­
toxic.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
4
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Mammalian
Toxicity
Acute
toxicity
The
acute
oral
LD50
values
for
mammals
were
reported
as
1,166
mg
NO3/
kg
bw
(
potassium
nitrate)
and
up
to
5,200
mg/
kg
bw
for
most
of
the
remaining
nitrate
compounds.
In
addition,
acute
oral
toxicity
studies
were
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
for
UAN
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
The
acute
oral
toxicity
studies
for
both
materials
resulted
in
LD50
values
>
2000
mg/
kg.
An
acute
inhalation
study
using
ammonium
nitrate
reported
an
LC50
of
>
88.8
mg/
L,
while
a
similar
study
with
dogs
reported
an
NOEC
of
5
mg
NO3/
m3
(
the
only
dose
tested).
Acute
dermal
studies
were
also
conducted
under
GLP
conditions.
The
resultant
LD50s
were
>
5000
mg/
kg
bw
for
both
ammonium
nitrate
and
potassium
nitrate.
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Genotoxicity
All
nitrate
compounds
tested
negative
for
mutagenicity
using
in
vitro
bacterial
tests.
Positive
responses
were
observed
at
high
doses
(
7.2
mg/
mL)
in
in
vitro
chromosome
aberration
studies
with
sodium
nitrate
only.
In
vivo
assays
were
generally
negative
except
for
sodium
nitrate
at
very
high
doses
(
706
mg
NO3/
kg).

Repeated
dose
and
developmental
toxicity
Repeat
dose
studies
on
ammonium
nitrate,
potassium
nitrate,
sodium
nitrate
indicate
that
materials
in
the
nitrate
category
are
of
low
acute
toxicity.
Developmental
or
teratogenic
toxicity
was
not
observed
for
any
of
the
three
nitrate
materials
for
which
data
were
available.
A
new
repeat
dose
study
on
potassium
nitrate
has
been
conducted
using
the
OECD
Guideline
422
protocol
under
GLP
conditions.
This
study
provides
data
for
three
different
endpoints;
repeat
dose
toxicity,
reproductive
toxicity,
and
developmental
toxicity.
Results
demonstrate
no
adverse
effects
on
general
toxicity,
reproductive,
or
developmental
endpoints.
The
resultant
NOAEL
was
1,500
mg/
kg/
day.

IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category
Substantial
literature
data
were
available
for
the
fertilizer
materials
comprising
the
nitrate
compounds
category.
The
exceptions
were
nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
and
potassium
sodium
5
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
nitrate
for
which
no
specific
data
were
available.
However,
UAN
is
an
aqueous
solution
of
ammonium
nitrate
and
urea
while
potassium
sodium
nitrate
is
a
simple
blend
of
potassium
nitrate
and
sodium
nitrate.
Extensive
data
are
available
for
those
base
materials
and
are
therefore
applicable
for
characterization
of
the
mixtures.
In
addition,
aquatic
and
mammalian
acute
studies
were
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
to
provide
specific
information
on
UAN
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
Additional
studies
were
also
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
on
ammonium
nitrate
and
potassium
nitrate
to
further
characterize
these
key
materials
in
the
category.
The
existing
data,
and
the
results
from
the
additional
studies,
adequately
characterize
the
nitrate
compounds
category.
6
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
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TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
primarily
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
document.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
7
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
Forman,
D.,
Bryson,
D.,
Stratton,
I.
and
Doll,
R.
1986.
Mortality
of
nitrate
fertilizer
workers.
British
Journal
of
Industrial
Medicine.
43:
507­
515.

Burden,
E.
H.
W.
J.
1961.
The
toxicology
of
nitrates
and
nitrites
with
particular
reference
to
the
potability
of
water
supplies.
The
Analyst.
86(
1024):
429­
433.

Chow,
C.
K.,
Chen,
C.
J.
and
Gairola,
C.
1980.
Effect
of
nitrate
and
nitrite
in
drinking
water
in
rats.
Toxicology
Letters.
6:
199­
206.

Forman,
D.,
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.
and
Doll,
R.
1985.
Nitrates,
nitrites
and
gastric
cancer
in
Great
Britain.
Nature.
313(
6004):
620­
625.

Leclerc,
H.,
Vincent,
P.
and
Vandevenne,
P.
1991.
Nitrates
in
drinking
water
and
cancer.
Bull.
Acad.
Natl.
Med.
175(
4):
651­
666.

L'hirondel,
J.,
L'hirondel,
J.
L.
1998.
Nitrates
and
Man:
The
Myth
of
Their
Toxicity.

Lijinsky,
W.
and
Epstein,
S.
S.
1970.
Nitrosamines
as
environmental
carcinogens.
Nature
225(
227):
21­
23.

Lijinsky,
W.
1989.
Environmental
cancer
risks
 
real
and
unreal.
Environmental
Research
50:
207­
209.

Magee,
P.
N.
and
Barnes,
J.
M.
1967.
Carcinogenic
nitroso
compounds.
Adv.
Cancer
Res.
10:
163­
264.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

Owens,
F.
N.
and
Dubeski,
P.
1989.
Nitrate
toxicity
in
ruminants.
ASAS
Production
&
Management
Symposium.

Rubin,
A.
J.
and
Elmaraghy,
G.
A.
1977.
Studies
on
the
toxicity
of
ammonia,
nitrate
and
their
mixtures
to
guppy
fry.
Water
Research
11:
927­
935.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gove/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.
8
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
6484­
52­
2
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Ammonium
nitrate
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Ammonium
nitrate
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
NH4NO3
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
N/
A
1.5
QUANTITY
More
than
1
million
tonnes
per
annum
in
the
EU;
8.4
million
short
tons
produced
in
the
U.
S.
in
1993.
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Ammonium
nitrate
is
used
as
a
fertilizer
either
as
straight
material
or
in
combination
with
calcium
carbonate,
limestone,
or
dolomite.
It
is
also
a
principal
ingredient
of
most
liquid
nitrogen
fertilizers.
Ammonium
nitrate
may
also
be
mixed
with
fuel
oil
as
an
industrial
explosive.
It
may
also
be
used
as
an
herbicide,
insecticide,
propellant
oxidizer,
and
in
hair
dyes,
tints,
and
colorings.
1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Low
human
exposure
is
expected
because
ammonium
nitrate
is
manufactured
in
closed
systems.
Exposure
to
dusts
and
direct
contact
with
the
liquid
is
possible
during
fertilizer
application.
ISSUES
FOR
DISCUSSION
The
data
for
ammonium
nitrate
should
be
evaluated
in
combination
with
the
other
materials
in
the
nitrate
category.
Data
from
the
ammonia
category,
in
particular
for
ammonia
and
aqua
ammonia,
may
also
provide
information
helpful
for
evaluation
of
ammonium
nitrate.
9
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
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6484­
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SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2003
AMMONIUM
NITRATE
(
CAS
NO.
6484­
52­
2)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
169.6
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
210
°
C
2.3
Density
1.725
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
15
hPa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
3.1
at
25
°
C
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,920
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
value
5.43
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
under
high
temperature
or
strong
shocks
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.13A
Additional
data
See
text
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,
Fugacity
Level
III
0.251%
to
air
45.4%
to
water
54.2%
to
soil
0.0757%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Readily
biodegraded
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Cyprinus
carpio
L.

Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
48
hrs
96
hrs
LC50
=
1.15
 
1.72
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
LC50
=
420
 
1360
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Bullia
digitalis
Up
to
7
days
NOEC
=
300
ppm
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
See
Appendix
B
results*

*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
nitrate
category.
10
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
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2
AMMONIUM
NITRATE
(
CAS
NO.
6484­
52­
2)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
Rat
Rat
Rat
OECD
401
OECD
401
OECD
401
LD50
=
2800
mg/
kg
bw
LD50
=
2462
mg/
kg
bw
LD50
=
2950
mg/
kg
bw
LD50
=
4500
mg/
kg
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
>
5000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,
Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.065
mg
NH4NO3­
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
Rabbit
Moderately
irritating
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
Corrosion
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
Rat
Rat
Inhalation;
2
weeks
Inhalation;
4
weeks
NOAEL
=
185
mg/
m3
NOAEL
=
1
mg/
m3
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.7
Carcinogenicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
NOAEL
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Additional
Information
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
nitrate
category.
11
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
CAS
number
6484­
52­
2
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Ammonium
nitrate
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Ammonium
nitrate
D.
CAS
Descriptor
Ammonium
nitrate
E.
EINECS
Number
229­
347­
8
F.
Molecular
Formula
H4N2O3
G.
Structural
Formula
NH4NO3
SMILES:
N(
H)(
H)(
H)(
H)
O(
N(=
O)=
O)

H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
I.
Substance
Remark
None
J.
Molecular
Weight
80.04
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
B.
Lead
Organization
Not
applicable
C.
Name
of
Responder
Name:
Mr.
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
DC
20002
USA
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202)
962­
0577
12
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
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1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X
];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
];
solid
[
X]

C.
Purity
Fertilizer
grade:
95­
99%
(
33­
35%
N)
Explosive
grade:
95­
97%
Reference:
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.

1.2
SYNONYMS
Nitric
acid,
ammonium
salt
Nitram
German
saltpeter
Norwegian
saltpeter
Emulite
Nitric
acid
monoammonium
salt
Varioform
I
Plenco
12203
1.3
IMPURITIES
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
None
identified
1.5
QUANTITY
Remarks:
More
than
1
million
tonnes
per
annum
in
the
EU
8.4
million
short
tons
produced
in
the
US
in
1993
References:
1)
Chemical
and
Engineering
News
72(
15):
13.
1994.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
13
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
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2
1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
DOT
Labeling
Hazard
Class:
5.1
Labels
Required:
None
(
UN
1942)
References:
Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.

NFPA
Rating
Health:
2
(
moderate
hazard)
Fire:
0
(
no
hazard)
Reactivity:
3
(
serious
hazard)
Specific:
Oxidizer
Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
is
a
strong
oxidizer.
It
is
capable
of
undergoing
detonation
if
heated
under
confinement,
or
is
subjected
to
very
strong
shocks.
It
is
incompatible
with
most
inorganic
and
organic
acids,
strong
alkalis,
chloride
salts,
metals,
organic
fuels
and
reducing
agents.
References:
1)
EM
Science.
1993.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.
No.
A6048.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0216).
Ammonium
Nitrate.
4)
Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.

1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
use
industrial
Agricultural
industry
use
Fertilizers
(
b)
main
Non
dispersive
use
industrial
Other
use
Explosives
(
c)
main
Non
dispersive
use
industrial
Chemical
industry
use
Herbicides,
insecticides,
propellant
oxidizer,
dyes
and
colorings
14
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
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Remarks:
(
a)
Ammonium
nitrate
can
be
used
either
as
a
straight
material
or
in
combination
with
calcium
carbonate,
limestone,
or
dolomite.
It
is
also
a
principal
ingredient
of
most
liquid
nitrogen
fertilizers.
(
b)
The
extensive
use
of
ammonium
nitrate
in
ammonium
nitrate
fuel
oil
(
ANFO)
and
water
based
commercial
explosives
has
revolutionized
the
industry
and
displaced
the
nitroglycerin
based
dynamites.
Reference:
1)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
3)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
4)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
Remarks:
Limited
use
in
hair
dyes,
tints,
and
colorings
1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
Exposure
limit
value
Type:
OSHA
PEL
Value:
15
mg/
m3
total
dust;
5
mg/
m3
respirable
fraction.
Remark:
No
specific
limit
has
been
set,
however,
the
federal
OSHA
PEL
for
particulates
not
otherwise
regulated
applies
to
all
fertilizer
dusts.
Regulated
limits
may
vary
in
local
jurisdictions.

Short
term
exposure
limit
value
Remarks:
No
TLV
has
been
established
Reference:
1)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
can
be
absorbed
into
the
body
by
inhalation
of
its
aerosol
and
by
ingestion,
although
15
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
significant
human
and
environmental
exposures
during
manufacture
are
unlikely
if
the
process
is
well
managed.
Engineering
controls
such
as
mechanical
ventilation,
process
or
personnel
enclosure,
control
of
process
conditions,
and
process
modifications
significantly
reduce
exposure.
Local
exhaust
(
ventilation)
control
as
close
to
the
point
of
generation
is
both
the
most
economical
and
safest
method
to
minimize
personnel
exposure
to
airborne
concentrations.
Personal
protective
equipment
includes
neoprene
or
nitrile
gloves,
dust
masks
or
fume
hoods
as
appropriate,
chemical
safety
goggles,
and
impervious
apron,
sleeves
and
boots.
Field
exposure
to
workers
is
possible
when
handling
and
using
on
farms
as
a
fertilizer.
However,
fertilizers
are
applied
by
mechanical
spreaders,
which
reduces
contact
exposure.
Environmental
releases
are
controlled
at
the
manufacturing
plant.
Gaseous
emissions
are
low
due
to
use
of
scrubbers
and
liquid
effluent
is
recovered
as
much
as
possible.
Exposure
to
environmental
receptors
is
dependent
on
the
amount
used
as
fertilizer
on
fields,
the
climatic
conditions,
and
the
hydrological
conditions
of
the
area
of
application.
Nitrate
materials
are
common
in
the
environment
and
are
essential
nutrients
for
both
plants
and
animals.
References:
1)
EM
Science.
1993.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
3)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
HSN
No.
475
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
4)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.
No.
A6048.
5)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards.
(#
0216).
Ammonium
Nitrate.
6)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
Remarks:
Agricultural
grade
material.
Recover
or
reclaim
spilled
material
if
possible
and
recycle
through
use
as
fertilizer.
References:
1)
HSDB.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
HSN
475.
16
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
2)
OHMTADS.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
Accession
Number
7216588.

2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
MELTING
POINT
Value:
169.6
°
C
Decomposition:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
1)
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.
pp.
4­
44.
2)
Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.

2.2
BOILING
POINT
Value:
210
°
C
Pressure:
0.015
atm
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Note
that
the
pressure
at
which
this
study
was
conducted
is
atypical
of
standard
conditions.
References:
1)
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.
pp.
4­
44.
2)
Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.

2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)

Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
];
Relative
Density
[
X]
Value:
1.725
g/
mL
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
1)
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.
P.
4­
44.
2)
Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.
17
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
Value:
8.5,
15,
25,
and
3.9
hPa
Temperature:
10,
20,
30,
and
40
°
C,
respectively
Method:
Calculated
[
];
Measured
[
X]
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Results
are
the
vapor
pressures
of
saturated
solutions
at
each
temperature.
References:
Grayson,
M.
(
Exec.
Ed.).
1978.
Kirk­
Othmer
Encyclopedia
of
Chemical
Technology.
3rd
ed.
Volume
2.
New
York:
John
Wiley
and
Sons.

2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
(
a)
Log
Pow:
­
3.1
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Calculated
[
];
Measured
[
X]
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Remarks:
OECD
Guideline
107
was
performed
at
pH
6.
References:
BASF
AG,
Analytical
laboratory;
unpublished
study.
(
BRU
92.282
on
12.05.1992)
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
A.
Solubility
Value:
1,180
g/
L;
1,920
g/
L;
3,400
g/
L;
8,700
g/
L
Temperature:
0
°
C;
20
°
C;
50
°
C;
100
°
C
Description:
Miscible
[
];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Remarks:
Soluble
in
ammonia;
insoluble
in
ether.
References:
1)
BASF
AG,
Sicherheitsdatenblatt
Ammonsulfat
21
%
N
grobkristallin.
(
18.08.1993).
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).
2)
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards.
(#
0216).
Ammonium
Nitrate.
18
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
B.
pH
Value
pH
Value:
5.43
Concentration:
0.1M
solution
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Not
Stated
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
1996.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
applicable
2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
is
not
combustible,
but
is
a
strong
oxidizer
and
its
heat
of
reaction
with
reducing
agents
or
combustibles
may
cause
ignition.
References:
1)
EM
Science.
1993.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.
No.
A6048.

2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Results:
Extremely
flammable
[
];
Extremely
flammable
 
liquified
gas
[
];
Highly
flammable
[
];
Flammable
[
];
Non
flammable
[
X];
Spontaneously
flammable
in
air
[
];
Contact
with
water
liberates
highly
flammable
gases
[
];
Other
[
]
Remarks:
According
to
the
National
Fire
Protection
Agency
(
NFPA),
ammonium
nitrate
has
a
flammability
of
0,
which
includes
any
material
that
will
not
burn.
References:
1)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.
2)
National
Fire
Protection
Agency
(
NFPA).
1991.
Fire
Protection
Guide
For
Hazardous
Materials.
10th
ed.
19
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
is
capable
of
undergoing
detonation
if
heated
under
confinement,
or
is
subjected
to
very
strong
shocks.
This
decomposition
may
take
place
in
at
least
two
widely
divergent
manners
with
the
formation
of
different
products.
The
first
reaction
NH
4
NO3
 
N2O
+
2H2O
occurs
when
ammonium
nitrate
is
heated
to
temperatures
from
200
to
260
°
C
can
be
carried
out
safely
and
is
the
basis
for
commercial
preparation
of
nitrous
oxide.
The
second
reaction
2NH
4
NO3
 
2N2
+
4H2O
+
O2
takes
place
with
great
rapidity
and
violence
and
occurs
when
it
is
used
as
an
ingredient
in
commercial
blasting
mixtures.
However,
ammonium
nitrate
fertilizers
are
specially
made
in
the
form
of
high
density
prills
or
granules
of
low
porosity
and
high
purity
to
minimize
any
detonation
risk.
This
material
is
very
resistant
to
detonation.
References:
Grayson,
M.
(
exec.
ed.).
1978.
Kirk­
Othmer
Encyclopedia
of
Chemical
Technology.
3rd
ed.
Volume
2.
New
York:
John
Wiley
and
Sons.
Additional
information
as
cited
in
European
Commission
2000.

2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Results:
Ammonium
Nitrate
is
a
strong
oxidizer
References:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
Remarks:
No
data
available
2.13
ADDITIONAL
DATA
Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
is
stable
under
ordinary
conditions
of
use
and
storage.
It
is
hygroscopic,
which
means
it
easily
absorbs
moisture
from
the
air.
It
can
emit
nitrous
oxides
when
heated
to
decomposition
and
it
liberates
ammonia
to
air
upon
reaction
with
strong
alkalis.
Hazardous
polymerization
will
not
occur.
20
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Conditions
to
avoid
when
working
with
ammonium
nitrate
include
heat,
flame,
ignition
sources,
dusting
and
incompatibles,
moisture
and
combustible
materials
sensitive
to
extreme
shock.
References:
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards.
(#
0216).
Ammonium
Nitrate.

3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
3.1
STABILITY
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
Photodegradation
is
not
significant
dissipation
mechanism.
Ammonium
nitrate
is
miscible
in
water
and
nonvolatile.
References:
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.

3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
is
miscible
in
water
and
stable
to
hydrolytic
degradation.
References:
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.

3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
There
is
extensive
literature
on
nitrification
and
denitrification
by
microorganisms
in
soil.
Ammonium
ions
bind
to
clay
particles
and
leach
slowly
or
not
at
all
to
ground
water,
whereas
the
nitrate
can
leach
significantly.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
21
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)

(
a)
Type
of
measurement:
Background
[
X];
At
contaminated
site
[
];
Other
[
]
Media:
Groundwater
Remarks:
Ammonium
concentration
varies
between
0.01
to
10
mg
N/
L.
Nitrate
concentration
varies
between
0.3
and
100
mg
N/
L.
It
is
generally
below
50
mg/
L
for
drinking
water.
References:
Country
wide
monitoring
network
groundwater
quality,
sampling
data
1989,
Province
of
Gelderland
RIVM,
The
Netherlands,
1990.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

(
b)
Type
of
measurement:
Background
[
X];
At
contaminated
site
[
];
Other
[
]
Media:
Surface
Water
(
Rhine
River
at
Lobith)
Remarks:
Ammonium
nitrate
dissociates
into
ammonium
and
nitrate
ions.
The
average
ammonium
concentration
from
October
through
December
1986
in
the
Rhine
River
is
0.73
mg
N/
L.
The
average
nitrate
concentration
from
October
through
December
1986
in
the
Rhine
River
is
5
mg
N/
L.
Reference:
Quality
survey
in
governmental
surface
water,
monitoring
data
of
October­
December
1986.
Rijkswaterstaat
RIZA,
1986.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

(
c)
Type
of
measurement:
Background
[
X];
At
contaminated
site
[
];
Other
[
]
Media:
Biota
Remarks:
Both
ammonium
and
nitrate
serve
as
nutrients
for
primary
producers
like
algae,
aquatic
and
terrestrial
plants,
etc.
Reference:
DSM
Meststoffen
BV
Sittard;
Metallgesellschaft
AG
Frankfurt
A.
M.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

3.2
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
(
a)
Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
X];
Other
[
]
Media:
Soil
to
air
Method:
Three
field
plots
in
Mainz,
Germany
(
each
approximately
2000
cm2)
were
fertilized
with
NaNO3,
22
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
NH4Cl
or
NH4NO3
(
commercial
fertilizer
containing
26%
N)
which
were
dissolved
in
water.
They
were
applied
at
a
rate
of
100
kg
N/
ha.
A
fourth
plot
was
left
untreated
as
a
control.
The
N2O
evolution
rates
were
measured
at
approximately
48
hour
intervals
for
the
first
16
days
and
less
frequently
thereafter.
Each
field
plot
was
covered
with
a
30
L
glass
box
for
a
period
of
3­
5
hours
and
the
increase
of
N2O
mixing
ratio
as
a
function
of
time
was
measured
by
taking
small
air
samples
with
syringes.
Results:
The
net
loss
was
equivalent
to
0.1%
of
the
applied
fertilizer
for
ammonium
chloride,
0.05%
for
ammonium
nitrate
and
0.01%
for
sodium
nitrate.
The
worldwide
total
immediate
loss
of
nitrous
oxide­
nitrogen
after
application
of
mineral
fertilizer
is
estimated
to
be
0.004
 
1.2
Tg/
y.
Remarks:
The
immediate
loss
(
biochemical
and
microbiological)
of
fertilizer
nitrogen
as
nitrous
oxide
(
N2O)
into
the
atmosphere
was
determined
by
in
situ
measurements
of
the
nitrous
oxide
evolution
rates
from
uncultivated
Eolian
sand.
References:
Conrad,
R.
and
Seiler,
W.
1980.
Field
measurements
of
the
loss
of
fertilizer
nitrogen
into
the
atmosphere
as
nitrous
oxide.
Atmospheric
Environment.
14:
555­
558.

(
b)
Remarks:
Nitrate
is
not
bound
to
the
soil
and
will
follow
water
movements.
Nitrate
can
therefore
leach
when
the
soil
receives
more
water
than
it
can
take
up.
This
happens
(
in
Europe)
mainly
in
the
late
autumn,
winter,
and
early
spring.
There
exist
a
lot
of
studies
on
the
environmental
impact
of
NO3
and
NH4
+/
NH3.
References:
ECETOC
Technical
Report
No.
27.
1988.
Nitrate
and
Drinking
Water.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Method:
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
Mass
Distribution
by
Environmental
Compartment:
Air
0.251%
Water
45.4%
Soil
54.2%
Sediment
0.0757%
References:
USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
23
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Remarks:
Nitrate
is
converted
to
nitrogen
via
denitrification
(
NO3
­

 
NO2)
and
ammonium
is
converted
to
nitrate
via
nitrification
(
NH4
+ 
NO3
­)
during
actual
use
as
fertilizer
in
soil.
At
the
same
time
0
 
2%
N2O
(
as
N)
can
be
formed.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

3.5
BIODEGRADATION
(
a)
Type:
Aerobic
[
X];
Anaerobic
[
X]
Medium:
Water
[
];
Water­
sediment
[
];
Soil
[
];
Sewage
treatment
[
X]
Remarks:
In
the
aerobic
transformation
of
ammonium,
one
group
of
bacteria
oxidizes
ammonium
to
nitrite
while
another
group
oxidizes
nitrite
to
nitrate.
The
average
biodegradation
rate
in
a
wastewater
plant
at
20oC
is
52
g
N/
kg
dissolved
solid/
day.
Nitrate
degradation
is
fastest
in
anaerobic
conditions.
In
the
anaerobic
transformation
of
nitrate
into
N2,
N2O,
and
NH3,
the
biodegradation
rate
in
a
wastewater
plant
at
20oC
is
70
g
N/
kg
dissolved
solid/
day.
References:
1)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.
2)
Schlegel,
S.
1983.
Nitrifikation
and
Denitrifikation
in
einstufigen
Belebungsanlagen:
Betriebsergebnisse
der
Klaeranlage
Lueding/
Hausen.
GWF.
Wasser/
Abwasser.
124(
9):
428­
434.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
No
data
available.

3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remarks:
Does
not
bioaccumulate.

4.
ECOTOXICITY
24
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
(
Common
carp)
Exposure
period:
48
hr
Results:
NH4Cl
LC50
mean
range
=
1.60­
1.96
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
7.8,
mean
range
12.9­
13.7oC)
(
103­
109
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
NH4NO3
LC50
mean
range
=
1.15­
1.72
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
7.6­
7.8,
mean
range12.1­
13.5oC)
(
95­
102
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
NH4OH
LC50
mean
range
=
1.34­
1.70
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
9.1,
mean
range
12.8­
13.0
oC)
(
6.9­
7.6
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
CH3COONH4
LC50
mean
range
=
0.89
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
1.7,
mean
range
16.0
oC)
(
72
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
(
NH1)
2S
LC50
=
1.46
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
9.2,
10.4
oC)
(
6.6
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
The
tests
were
semi­
static
with
the
solutions
replaced
every
24­
h.
Fish
were
acclimated
to
aquarium
conditions
for
10­
14
days
prior
to
test
initiation.
Fish
received
no
food
during
the
acclimation
and
exposure.
Eight
or
12
fish
were
exposed
to
each
concentration.
Eight
experimental
series
were
carried
out,
each
comprised
of
5­
7
ammonia
concentrations
and
a
control
group.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
chloride
(
NH4Cl),
ammonium
nitrate
(
NH4NO3),
ammonium
water
(
NH4OH),
ammonium
acetate
(
CH3COOHN4),
and
ammonium
sulphide
(
NH1)
2S).
Remarks:
Much
lower
values
of
LC50
of
total
ammonia
were
obtained
when
toxic
agents
consisted
of
ammonia
water
and
ammonia
sulphide
as
compared
to
ammonium
chloride
and
ammonium
nitrate.
Ammonia
toxicity
increased
with
higher
pH
and
lowered
with
increasing
temperature.
The
test
with
ammonium
acetate
was
conducted
at
a
higher
temperature
than
the
others,
which
may
explain
the
lower
LC50.
References:
Dabrowski,
H.
and
Skira,
H.
1986.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
common
carp
(
Cyprinus
carpio
l.).
Pol.
Arch.
Hydrobiol.
33(
1):
121­
128.
(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
25
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Species:
Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
Exposure
period:
96
hrs
Results:
LC50
values
ranged
from
420
to
1360
mg
NO3/
L
for
the
different
species.
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
nitrate
Remarks:
Data
as
reported
in
Environment
Canada
1984,
which
cites
the
USEPA
Quality
Criteria
for
Water
(
1976).
No
further
information
on
test
methods,
substance
tested,
etc.
are
provided.
Seven
day
LC50
results
were
listed
as
1060
and
1080
mg
NO3/
L
for
rainbow
trout
and
chinook
salmon,
respectively.
Additional
data
from
the
same
source
indicate
LC50
values
ranging
from
0.14
to
1.6
mg
NO3/
L
for
various
species
and
test
durations.
All
LC50
values
are
reported
"
as
nitrate"
but
no
explanation
is
provided
for
the
disparity
of
the
results.
References:
1)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.
2)
USEPA.
1976.
Quality
Criteria
for
Water.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Washington,
D.
C.

4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
A.
Daphnia
Type
of
test:
Not
specified
Species:
Daphnia
magna
Exposure
period:
Not
specified
Results:
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Not
specified.
1982
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Reliability
uncertain
due
to
lack
of
information
about
test
methods,
etc.
References:
Trenel,
J.
and
Kuehn,
R.
1982.
Forschungsbericht,
Umweltbundesamt,
Berlin,
cited
in
KBWS
 
Datenblatt
No.
6
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

B.
Other
aquatic
organisms
Remarks:
No
data
on
other
aquatic
organisms
available.

4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
26
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Species:
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
(
green
algae)
Endpoint:
Biomass
[
];
Growth
rate
[
X];
Other
[
]
Exposure
Period:
Not
specified
Results:
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Not
specified.
1982.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Reliability
uncertain
due
to
lack
of
information
about
test
methods,
etc.
References:
Trenel,
J.
and
Kuehn,
R.
1982.
Forschungsbericht,
Umweltbundesamt,
Berlin,
cited
in
KBWS
 
Datenblatt
No.
6
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
No
data
available.

4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
No
data
available.

4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Bullia
digitalis
(
prosobranch
gastropod)
Endpoint:
Mortality
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
Paralysis
Exposure
period:
up
to
seven
days
Results:
NOEC
=
300
ppm
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
B.
digitalis
were
field
collected
from
Melkbosstrand,
just
north
of
Table
Bay
in
South
Africa.
The
snails
were
maintained
in
tanks
of
aerated
seawater
over
a
sandy
substratum
at
12.5
±
0.5oC.
Large
adult
individuals
were
subjected
to
a
series
of
concentrations
of
ammonium
nitrate
(
0,
25,
50,
100,
300,
400,
500,
1000,
1500
ppm)
made
up
in
seawater
collected
from
the
same
site
as
the
animals.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
nitrate
27
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Remarks:
No
mortality
occurred
even
at
the
highest
concentration
(
1500
ppm)
during
the
7
day
study
period.
No
significant
treatment
related
effects
were
observed
below
300
ppm,
although
animals
at
concentrations
between
100
and
300
ppm
showed
slight
transient
signs
of
stress
from
which
they
recovered
spontaneously
within
3
days.
At
between
300
and
400
ppm,
most
individuals
showed
signs
of
stress
within
6
hours
and
many
eventually
became
paralyzed.
At
concentrations
of
500
ppm
and
higher,
the
paralysis
was
more
marked
and
permanent,
with
the
time
to
onset
decreasing
as
concentration
increased.
References:
Brown,
A.
C.
and
Currie,
A.
B.
1973.
Tolerance
of
Bullia
digitalis
(
Prosobranchiata)
to
solutions
of
ammonium
nitrate
in
natural
seawater.
So.
Afr.
Journ.
Sci.
69:
219­
220.

4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
No
data
available
4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Remarks:
Nitrate
absorbed
by
plants
is
reduced
to
nitrite
by
the
enzyme
nitrate
reductase.
This
enzyme
is
found
in
plants,
certain
bacterial
species,
and
mammalian
gastric
tissues.
The
nitrite
will
be
further
reduced
only
when
photosynthesis
and
carbohydrate
synthesis
are
active.
Under
drought
conditions,
frost
and
shading,
or
deficiencies
of
other
nutrients,
each
of
which
reduce
photosynthesis
and
biosynthesis
of
protein,
nitrate
continues
to
be
absorbed
and
may
accumulate
in
plant
tissue.
References:
Owens,
F.
N.
and
Dubeski,
P.
1989.
Nitrate
toxicity
in
ruminants.
ASAS
Production
&
Management
Symposium.

4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

No
data
available.

4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)
Ammonium
nitrate
provides
nutrients
to
animals
and
plants
and
does
not
biomagnify.
28
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
The
transformation
of
nitrate
compounds
is
well
known.

5.
TOXICITY
Remarks:
Nitrate
is
reduced
to
nitrite
by
the
enzyme
nitrate
reductase.
This
enzyme
is
found
in
plants,
certain
bacterial
species,
and
mammalian
gastric
tissues.
After
ingestion,
nitrates
are
reduced
to
nitrites
by
bacteria
in
the
lower
intestine
of
the
adult.
However,
in
babies,
which
have
a
physiological
gastric
achlorhydria
(
lack
of
HCl
in
the
stomach),
the
reduction
occurs
in
the
stomach
and
duodenum
from
which
the
nitrites
are
readily
absorbed
into
the
blood
stream.
Furthermore,
methemoglobin­
reductase
(
NADH­
cytochrome
b5
reductase)
in
infants
has
not
yet
reached
full
activity.
After
absorption,
nitrites
convert
oxyhemoglobin
into
methemoglobin
and
thus
interfere
with
oxygen
transport
in
the
blood,
resulting
in
methemoglobineamia
("
blue
baby
syndrome").
Nitrites
can
also
cause
vasodilation,
which,
like
methemoglobineamia,
is
dose­
related.
In
addition
to
methemoglobinemia,
increasing
evidence
indicates
a
possible
formation
of
N­
nitroso
compounds
in
foods
and
in
tissues
that
contain
excess
nitrates/
nitrites.
N­
nitroso
compounds
are
known
to
be
potent
mutagens/
carcinogens.
However,
the
quantities
of
nitrosamines
formed
in
the
organism
from
nitrates
in
food
are
negligible;
500,000
times
less
than
the
no­
effect
dose.
All
of
the
epidemiological
studies
published
since
1985,
18
in
all,
concluded
that
there
is
no
positive
correlation
between
nitrate
intakes
and
the
incidence
of
cancer.
In
fact,
some
evidence
suggests
that
nitrates
in
foods
may
actually
play
an
anti­
carcinogenic
role.
References:
1)
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
Forman,
D.,
Bryson,
D.,
Stratton,
I.,
Doll,
R.
1986.
Mortality
of
nitrate
fertilizer
workers.
Br.
J.
Ind.
Med.
43(
8):
507­
515.
2)
Burden,
E.
H.
1961.
The
toxicology
of
nitrates
and
nitrites
with
particular
reference
to
the
potability
of
water
supplies.
The
Analyst
86(
1024):
429­
433.
3)
Challoner,
K.
R.
and
McCarron,
M.
M.
1988.
Ammonium
nitrate
cold
pack
ingestion.
The
Journal
of
Emergency
Medicine
6:
289­
293.
4)
Chow,
C.
K.,
Chen,
C.
J.,
and
Gairola,
C.
1980.
Effect
of
nitrate
and
nitrite
in
drinking
water
in
rats.
Toxicology
Letters
6:
199­
206.
5)
Forman,
D.,
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
and
Doll,
R.
1985.
Nitrates,
nitrites
and
gastric
cancer
in
Great
Britain.
Nature
313(
6004):
620­
625.
29
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
6)
Inui,
N.,
Nishi,
Y.,
Taketomi,
M.,
Mori,
M.
1979.
Transplacental
action
of
sodium
nitrite
in
embryonic
cells
of
Syrian
golden
hamster.
Mutation
Research
66:
149­
158.
7)
L'hirondel,
J.,
L'hirondel,
J.
L.
Nitrates
and
Man:
The
Myth
of
Their
Toxicity.
8)
Leclerc,
H.,
Vincent,
P.,
Vandevenne,
P.
1991.
Nitrates
in
drinking
water
and
cancer.
Bull.
Acad.
Natl.
Med.
175(
4):
651­
666.
9)
Lijinsky,
W.
and
Epstein,
S.
S.
1970.
Nitrosamines
as
environmental
carcinogens.
Nature
225(
227):
21­
23.
10)
Maekawa,
A.,
Ogui,
T.,
Onodera,
H.,
Furuta,
K.,
Matsuoka,
C.,
Ohno,
Y.,
and
Odashima,
S.
1982.
Carcinogenicity
studies
of
sodium
nitrite
and
sodium
nitrate
in
F­
344
rats.
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
20:
25­
33.
11)
Magee,
P.
N.
and
Barnes,
J.
M.
Carcinogenic
nitroso
compounds.
Adv.
Cancer
Res.
10:
163­
264.
12)
Owens,
F.
N.
and
Dubeski,
P.
1989.
Nitrate
toxicity
in
ruminants.
ASAS
Production
&
Management
Symposium.

5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X
];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
(
strain
and
sex
not
specified)
Value:
LD50
=
2800
mg/
kg
bw
Method:
OECD
Guideline
401
"
Acute
Oral
Toxicity".
1981.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Appears
to
be
a
valid
study,
but
very
few
details
were
reported.
References:
Huntingdon
Research
Center
Report
No.
815380/
LZA22/
AC
prepared
for
Lonza
Ltd.,
Basel,
CH.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
(
strain
and
sex
not
specified)
Value:
LD50
=
2462
mg/
kg
bw
Method:
OECD
Guideline
401
"
Acute
Oral
Toxicity".
1981.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Appears
to
be
a
valid
study,
but
very
few
details
were
reported.
References:
RCC
Report
Project
No.
004217
prepared
for
Lonza
Ltd.,
Basel,
CH.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).
30
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
(
c)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
(
strain
and
sex
not
specified)
Value:
LD50
=
2950
mg/
kg
bw
Method:
OECD
Guideline
401
"
Acute
Oral
Toxicity".
1981.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Appears
to
be
a
valid
study,
but
very
few
details
were
reported.
Reference:
Hazleton
Report
No.
2830­
733/
121
prepared
for
Lonza
Ltd.,
Basel,
CH.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

(
d)
Remarks:
Environment
Canada
reports
a
rat
oral
LD50
value
of
4,500
mg/
kg,
citing
the
AAR
Hazardous
Materials
Database
(
BDM
1981)
as
the
original
source.
No
further
information
was
provided.
Reference:
1)
BDM
Corporation.
1981.
The
AAR
Hazardous
Materials
Database.
Proposed
for
the
Association
of
American
Railroads,
Parts
I
&
II,
Mclean,
VA.
May
1981.
2)
Environmental
Canada.
1984.
Ammonium
Nitrate
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills.
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch,
Ottawa,
Ontario.

5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
X];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
(
strain
and
sex
not
specified)
Exposure
time:
4
hours
Value:
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
Method:
Not
specified,
1985.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
NITRAM
(>
99%
Ammonium
nitrate)
Remarks:
No
significant
toxicological
effects
were
observed.
This
appears
to
be
a
valid
study,
but
very
few
details
were
reported.
References:
ICI
International
Data
Report
No.
CTL/
T/
2466
(
1985)
NITRAM:
4
hour
acute
inhalation
toxicity
in
the
rat
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).
31
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
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6484­
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5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X
];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Sprague­
Dawley
rat,
albino
Value:
>
5,000
mg/
kg
Method:
OECD
402,
1987.
Limit
test
(
5
males/
5
females).
The
test
material
was
applied
to
the
shaved
intact
skin
on
the
backs
of
each
animal
and
covered
with
a
gauge
pad.
After
24
hours,
the
pad
was
removed
and
the
skin
gently
rinsed
with
water.
GLP:
Yes
[
X
]
No
[
]
?[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
nitrate
(
white
granules)
Remarks:
Prior
to
application,
the
test
substance
was
ground
in
a
coffee
mill
and
moistened
to
achieve
a
dry
paste
by
preparing
a
90%
w/
w
mixture.
All
animals
survived,
gained
weight
and
appeared
active
and
healthy
throughout
the
test.
No
signs
of
toxicity
were
observed.
References:
Merkel,
D.
J.
2000.
Acute
dermal
toxicity
study
in
ratslimit
test.
Product
Safety
Labs
study
number
9741.

5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
];
LCL0
[
];
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
X];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
White
rat
Route
of
Administration:
i.
m.
[
];
i.
p.
[
];
i.
v.
[
];
Infusion
[
];
s.
c.
[
];
Other
[
X]
injected
Exposure
period:
3
hours
Value:
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.80
mL
(
NH4)
2CrO4;
(
0.072
mg
(
NH4)
2CrO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.74
mL
NH4CL;
(
0.072
mg
NH4Cl­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.21
mL
(
NH4)
2HPO4;
(
0.061
mg
(
NH4)
2HPO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
5.60
mL
No.
2
NH4(
H)
CO3;(
0.055
mg
No.
2
NH4(
H)
CO3­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.75
mL
NH4NO3;
(
0.065
mg
NH4NO3­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
10.00
mL
(
NH4)
2SO4;
(
0.094
mg
(
NH4)
2SO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
7.87
mL
No.
1
NH4HCO3;
(
0.073
mg
No.
1
NH4HCO3­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.20
mL
NH4Br;
(
0.055
mg
NH4Br­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.30
mL
(
NH4)
2CO3
+
caramide;
(
0.055
mg
(
NH4)
2CO3
+
carbamide­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
4.80
mL
(
NH4)
3PO4
neutral;
(
0.0384
mg
(
NH4)
3PO4
neutral­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
7.56
mL
(
H2)
NH4PO4;
(
0.05708
mg
(
H2)
NH4PO4­
N)
32
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.00
mL
NH4I
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
7.40
mL
NH4CrO4
Method:
All
salts
(
ammonium
oxalate,
carbonate,
chromate,
chloride,
nitrate,
citrate,
sulfate,
tartrate,
hydrogen
phosphate,
acetate,
sarcolactate,
and
lactate)
were
made
to
an
approximate
5
percent
solution
and
injected
into
white
rats.
The
nitrogen
in
the
form
of
NH3
was
determined
in
three
5
percent
solutions.
Six
animals
were
used
for
each
series.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Various
ammonium
salts
(
ammonium
oxalate,
carbonate,
chromate,
chloride,
nitrate,
citrate,
sulfate,
tartrate,
hydrogen
phosphate,
acetate,
sarcolactate,
and
lactate)
Remarks:
Contrary
to
previous
reports
by
Rachford
and
Crane
(
1902),
the
current
study
demonstrated
that
the
toxicity
of
ammonium
salts
to
white
rats
is
directly
proportional
to
the
amount
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
present
(
i.
e.,
rather
than
on
the
form
of
salt
used).
Note
that
while
this
study
is
old
(
1922),
it
does
provide
evidence
that
the
anion
of
the
salt
is
less
important
with
respect
to
toxicity
than
unionized
ammonia.
References:
Underhill,
F.
P.
and
Kapsinow,
R.
1922.
The
comparative
toxicity
of
ammonium
salts.
J.
Biol.
Chem.
54:
451­
457.

5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
(
strain
and
sex
not
specified)
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
X];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Method:
Draize
test.
1985.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
>
99%
Ammonium
nitrate
Remarks:
The
mean
erythema
and
oedema
scores
were
calculated
to
be
0.1
and
0,
respectively,
following
a
single
4­
hour
application.
No
erythema
was
observed
in
any
animal
48
or
72­
h
following
decontamination.
Repeated
(
5x)
applications
of
500
mg
of
test
sample
to
each
rabbit
caused
only
very
slight
oedema
in
two
of
the
rabbits
and
slight
erythema
in
a
third
rabbit
during
the
application
phase.
All
signs
of
erythema
had
disappeared
following
the
final
application.
33
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
References:
ICI
Internal
Data
Report
No.
CTL/
L986.
1985.
Nitram
skin
irritation
and
eye
irritation
studies
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
(
strain
and
sex
not
specified)
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
404
"
Acute
Dermal
Irritation/
Corrosion".
1983.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Appears
to
be
a
valid
study
but
few
details
were
reported.
References:
Hazleton
Report
No.
3479­
733/
166.
P0018:
A
primary
skin
irritation
and
corrosivity
study
in
the
rabbit.
Study
prepared
for
Lonza
Ltd.,
BASEL,
CH.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
No
data
available.

5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
No
data
available.

5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Rat
(
Sprague­
Dawley)
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
2
weeks
Frequency
of
treatment:
5
hrs/
day;
5
days/
week
Post
exposure
observation
period:
3
days
Dose:
26­
185
mg/
m3
(
part
<
5 m
=
8.6­
68.8
mg/
m3)
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
NOAEL:
185
mg/
m3
LOAEL:
>
185
mg/
m3
Method:
Not
specified
1978
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Few
details
were
reported.
34
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
References:
KemaMord.
1978.
Ammonia
nitrate
inhalation
test
on
rats.
Research
Institute
of
Swedish
National
Defense
(
FOA)
and
the
National
Veterinary
Institute
(
SVA),
Stockholm,
Sweden
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rat
(
Sprague­
Dawley)
and
Guinea
Pig
(
Hartley)
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
4
weeks
Frequency
of
treatment:
6
hrs/
day;
5
days/
week
Post
exposure
observation
period:
None
indicated
Dose:
1
mg/
m3
(
mass
median
aerodynamic
diameter
0.6 )
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
NOAEL:
1
mg/
m3
LOAEL:
>
1
mg/
m3
Method:
Normal
or
elastase­
impaired
rats
and
guinea
pigs
were
exposed
to
NH4NO3
in
air.
The
flow
rate
of
air
through
the
stainless
steel
exposure
chamber
was
0.30
m3/
min,
giving
the
equivalent
of
seven
changes
of
filtered
air
per
hour.
Time­
weighted
average
concentrations
of
aerosol
were
determined
for
four
90
minute
filter
samples
taken
over
the
daily
6­
hr
exposures.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
nitrate
(
NH4NO3)
Remarks:
No
significant
effects
on
body
weight,
lung
volume,
vital
capacity,
or
histologic
structure
of
ciliated
epithelial
cells
of
the
respiratory
tract
were
observed
on
either
species.
References:
1)
Busch,
R.
H.,
Buschbom,
R.
L.,
Cannon,
W.
C.,
Lauhala,
K.
E.,
Miller,
F.
J.,
Graham,
J.
A.,
and
Smith,
L.
G.
1986.
Effects
of
ammonium
nitrate
aerosol
exposure
on
lung
structure
of
normal
and
elastaseimpaired
rats
and
guinea
pigs.
Environ.
Res.
39:
237­
252.
2)
Loscutoff,
S.
M.,
Cannon,
W.
C.,
Buschbom,
R.
L.,
Busch,
R.
H.,
and
Kirkland,
B.
W.
1985.
Pulmonary
function
in
elastase­
treated
guinea
pigs
and
rats
exposed
to
ammonium
sulfate
or
ammonium
nitrate
aerosols.
Environ.
Res.
36:
170­
180.
35
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
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2
5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
System
of
testing:
Salmonella
typhimurium
TA1535,
TA1537,
TA1538,
TA98,
TA100
Concentration:
5
mg/
plate
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Negative
(
No
further
details
provided)
Cytotoxicity
conc:
With
metabolic
activation:
Not
stated
Without
metabolic
activation:
Not
stated
Precipitation
conc:
Not
stated
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
Not
specified,
1985
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Appears
valid,
but
test
details
not
reported.
References:
ICI
Internal
Data
Report
No.
CTL/
L/
989
(
1985)
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
No
data
available.

5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
No
data
available.

5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
Remarks:
There
has
been
some
evidence
that
indicates
a
possible
formation
of
N­
nitroso
compounds
in
foods
and
in
tissues
that
contain
excess
nitrates/
nitrites.
N­
nitroso
compounds
are
known
to
be
potent
mutagens/
carcinogens.
The
bacteria
in
saliva
break
down
nitrates
to
harmless
nitrous
acid.
Certain
foods
such
as
fish
are
rich
in
amine,
which
reacts
with
nitrous
acid
to
produce
nitrosamines.
However,
evidence
suggests
that
the
quantities
of
nitrosamines
formed
in
the
organism
from
nitrates
in
food
are
negligible;
500,000
times
less
than
the
no­
effect
dose.
All
of
the
epidemiological
studies
published
since
1985
concluded
that
there
is
no
positive
correlation
between
nitrate
intakes
and
the
incidence
of
cancer.
In
fact,
some
36
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
evidence
suggests
that
nitrates
in
foods
may
actually
play
an
anti­
carcinogenic
role.
References
1)
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
Forman,
D.,
Bryson,
D.,
Stratton,
I.
and
Doll,
R.
1986.
Mortality
of
nitrate
fertilizer
workers.
British
Journal
of
Industrial
Medicine.
43:
507­
515.
2)
Chow,
C.
K.,
Chen,
C.
J.
and
Gairola,
C.
1980.
Effect
of
nitrate
and
nitrite
in
drinking
water
in
rats.
Toxicology
Letters.
6:
199­
206.
3)
Forman,
D.,
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.
and
Doll,
R.
1985.
Nitrates,
nitrites
and
gastric
cancer
in
Great
Britain.
Nature.
313(
6004):
620­
625.
4)
Leclerc,
H.,
Vincent,
P.
and
Vandevenne,
P.
1991.
Nitrates
in
drinking
water
and
cancer.
Bull.
Acad.
Natl.
Med.
175(
4):
651­
666.
5)
Lijinsky,
W.
and
Epstein,
S.
S.
1970.
Nitrosamines
as
environmental
carcinogens.
Nature
225(
227):
21­
23.
nitroso
compounds.
Adv.
Cancer
Res.
10:
163­
264.
6)
Lijinsky,
W.
1989.
Environmental
cancer
risks
 
real
and
unreal.
Environmental
Research
50:
207­
209.
7)
Magee,
P.
N.
and
Barnes,
J.
M.
1967.
Carcinogenic
5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
No
data
available.

5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Species/
strain:
Rat
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Oral
Duration
of
the
test:
during
gestation
Exposure
period:
during
gestation
Frequency
of
treatment:
Not
specified
Doses:
57
mg/
kg/
day
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
NOAEL
Maternal
Toxicity:
Not
specified
NOAEL
teratogenicity:
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
Method:
Not
specified
1987
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
The
treatment
did
not
cause
teratogenic
effects.
The
body
weight
of
the
offspring
was
reduced.
Only
limited
information
(
based
on
an
abstract)
was
available
on
this
Russian
study,
so
a
critical
evaluation
of
the
results
is
not
possible.
37
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
References:
Bairammuradova,
M.
D.
and
Korolev,
N.
V.
1987.
Zdravookhr.
Turkm.
6:
27­
29,
cited
in
CA/
198/
033334P
(
1988)
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
Type:
Sensory
irritation
Results:
No
effects
were
observed
Remarks:
The
purpose
of
the
study
was
to
evaluate
the
potency
of
ammonium
nitrate
(>
99%)
as
a
sensory
irritant.
Groups
of
five
male
mice
were
exposed
nose
only
for
a
single
10
minute
period
to
aerosols
of
NITRAM
at
target
particulate
concentrations
of
10
mg/
m3
or
100
mg/
m3.
The
study
appears
valid
but
limited
information
was
available.
Reference:
ICI
Internal
Data
Report
No.
CTL/
L/
2569
(
1985)
NITRAM:
Assessment
of
sensory
irritation
potential
in
mice.
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
(
a)
Results:
No
significant
excess
was
observed
for
all
causes
of
mortality
or
for
mortality
from
any
of
five
broad
categories
of
cause
or
from
four
specific
types
of
cancer.
This
was
true
for
the
entire
cohort
as
well
as
for
a
subgroup
that
had
been
heavily
exposed
to
nitrates.
Remarks:
A
total
of
1327
male
workers
engaged
in
the
production
of
nitrate
based
fertilizers
between
1946
and
1981
were
tracked
until
1981.
In
addition,
a
subgroup
consisting
of
workers
heavily
exposed
to
nitrate,
defined
as
working
in
an
environment
likely
to
contain
more
than
10
mg
NO3/
m3
for
a
year
or
longer,
was
separately
analyzed.
Reference:
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
Forman,
D.,
Bryson,
D.,
Stratton,
I.,
and
Doll,
R.
1986.
Mortality
of
nitrate
fertilizer
workers.
British
Journal
of
Industrial
Medicine.
43:
507­
515.

(
b)
Results:
Direct
ingestion
of
ammonium
nitrate
cold
packs
resulted
in
no
occurrences
of
severe
toxicity,
although
some
patients
experienced
symptoms
of
gastritis,
slight
methemoglobinemia,
and
mild
hypertension.
Remarks:
Five
confused
or
suicidal
patients
tore
open
ammonium
nitrate
cold
packs
(
commonly
used
in
emergency
departments
instead
of
ice
bags)
and
ingested
between
64
and
234
grams
in
single
doses.
The
product
was
removed
from
the
stomachs
promptly
in
three
of
the
five
patients.
38
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Reference:
Challoner,
K.
R.;
and
McCarron,
M.
M.
1988.
Ammonium
nitrate
cold
pack
ingestion.
The
Journal
of
Emergency
Medicine.
6:
289­
293.

(
c)
Results:
In
the
first
study,
no
measurable
hematological
effect,
elevation
of
methemoglobin
or
circulating
N­
nitroso
compounds
were
observed.
In
the
second
study,
no
volatile
N­
nitrosamines
were
detected
in
the
blood.
Remarks:
In
one
study,
single
oral
doses
of
ammonium
nitrate
(
0.15
g
NH4NO3/
kg
bw)
were
administered
to
12
adult
volunteers.
In
a
second
study,
N­
nitrosamines
were
measured
in
the
blood
of
23
patients
who
took
up
to
9
grams
daily
dose
of
ammonium
nitrate
as
a
preventative
treatment
for
calcium
phosphate
renal
stones.
Reference:
Ellen,
G.,
Schuller,
P.
L.
Froeling,
P.
G.
A.
M.
and
Bruijns,
E.
1982.
No
volatile
N­
nitrosamines
detected
in
blood
and
urine
from
patients
ingesting
large
amounts
of
ammonium
nitrate.
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
20:
879­
882.

(
d)
Results:
There
is
no
evidence
that
methaemoglobinaemia
is
caused
by
bacterially
sound
water
supplies
at
concentrations
up
to
100
mg
nitrate.
Remarks:
Based
on
a
review
of
nitrate
in
drinking
water
in
Europe.
Reference:
ECETOC
Technical
Report
No.
27.
1988.
Nitrate
in
Drinking
Water
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

6.
REFERENCES
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
Forman,
D.,
Bryson,
D.,
Stratton,
I.
and
Doll,
R.
1986.
Mortality
of
nitrate
fertilizer
workers.
British
Journal
of
Industrial
Medicine.
43:
507­
515.

Bairammuradova,
M.
D.
and
Korolev,
N.
V.
1987.
Zdravookhr.
Turkm.
6:
27­
29,
cited
in
CA/
198/
033334P
(
1988).
In:
European
Commission
2000.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

BASF
AG,
Analytical
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unpublished
study.
(
BRU
92.282
on
12.05.1992)
In:
European
Commission
2000.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

BASF
AG,
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Ammonsulfat
21
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1973.
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Challoner,
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M.
1988.
Ammonium
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cold
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Emergency
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289­
293.

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1988.
Nitrate
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2000.
International
Uniform
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Information
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Ellen,
G.,
Schuller,
P.
L.
Froeling,
P.
G.
A.
M.
and
Bruijns,
E.
1982.
No
volatile
Nnitrosamines
detected
in
blood
and
urine
from
patients
ingesting
large
amounts
of
ammonium
nitrate.
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
20:
879­
882.

EM
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1993.
MSDS:
Ammonium
Nitrate.

Environmental
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Ammonium
Nitrate
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2000.
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International
Uniform
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2000
CD­
ROM
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Forman,
D.,
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.
and
Doll,
R.
1985.
Nitrates,
nitrites
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620­
625.

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L/
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1978.
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1991.
Nitrates
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real
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Nitrosamines
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21­
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CAS
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APPENDIX
A
 
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Ammonium
Nitrate.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
generally
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
DATE:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
No:
6484­
52­
2
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.2
Boiling
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.3
Density
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.5
Partition
Coefficient
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
2.6
Water
Solubility
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
pH
and
pKa
Values
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.9
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.2
Monitoring
Data
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
3.5
Biodegradation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.3
Toxicity
to
Algae
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Birds
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
No:
6484­
52­
2
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity
by
Other
Routes
of
Administration
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
.
Chromosomal
aberration
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
5.8
Reproduction
Toxicity
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.9
Development/
Teratogenicity
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
5.11
Human
Experience
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
APPENDIX
B
 
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category:
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Potassium
Nitrate,
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate,
and
Sodium
Nitrate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
INTERIM
FINAL
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
169.6oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
210oC
2.3
Density
1.725
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
15
hPa
at
20oC
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
3.1
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,920
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
=
5.43
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
under
high
temperature
or
strong
shocks
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.12
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
0.251%
to
air
45.4%
to
water
54.2%
to
soil
0.0757%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Readily
biodegraded
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
48
hrs
LC50
=
1.15
 
1.72
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
103
mg/
L
Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
96
hrs
LC50
=
420
 
1,360
mg
NO3/
L
Pimephalas
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
between
100
and
500
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Bullia
digitalis
Up
to
7
days
NOEC
=
300
mg/
L
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,800
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,462
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,950
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
4,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LC50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.065
mg
NH4NO3
 
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Moderately
irritating
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
Inhalation;
2
weeks
NOAEL
=
185
mg/
m3
Rat
Inhalation;
4
weeks
NOAEL
=
1
mg/
m3
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
5.7
Carcinogenicity
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
NOAEL
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
51.0
Additional
Information
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
344oC
308oC;
307oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
400oC
at
760
mm
Hg
380oC
at
760
mm
Hg
2.3
Density
2.109
g/
mL
at
16oC
2.26
g/
cm3
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
1.39x10­
15
hPa
at
25oC
Not
expected
to
volatilize
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
­
0.79
at
25oC
OECD
107
­
3.8
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
357
g/
L
at
25oC
874
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
~
7
at
25oC
pH
=
7
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Does
not
burn
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
on
contact
with
reducing
agents
and/
or
impact.
May
explode
at
high
temperatures
or
contact
with
reducing
agents
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
Strong
oxidizer
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
Does
not
photodegrade
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.2
Distribution
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
8.34x10­
9
%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
0.001%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.076%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Biodegradable
Biodegradable
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
=
1,839
mg
NO3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
98.9
mg/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
>
8,753
mg
NO3/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
24
hrs
TLm
=
9,331
mg
NO3/
L
Oncorhynchus
tshawtscha
96
hrs
+
TLm
(
freshwater,

salmon)
=
5,800
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
15
ppt
salinity,
salmon)
=

4,400
mg
NO3/
L
Salmo
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
TLm
(
freshwater,

trout)
=
6,000
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
15
ppt
salinity,
trout)
=

4,650
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
TLm
=
300
mg
NO3/
L
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
TLm
=
3,581
mg
NaNO3/
L
Various
penaeid
shrimp
48
hrs
LC50
=
3,400
mg
NO3­
N/
L
NOEC
=
2,000
mg
NO3­
N/
L
Penaeus
monodon
larvae
40
hrs
LC50
>
100
mg
NO3/
L
Crassostrea
virginica
96
hrs
LC50
=
15,810
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults);

23,040
mg
NO3/
L
(
juveniles)

Mercenaria
mercenaria
96
hrs
LC50
>
19,840
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults
and
juveniles)

4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
See
text
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
Toxicity
threshold
=
1,233
mg
NO2­/
L
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Amphiprion
oscellaris
3
months
%
survival
in
larvae
(
low­
nitrate
system)
=
37%

%
survival
in
larvae
(
high­
nitrate
system)
=
34%

4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Nereis
grubei
Neanthes
arenaceodentata
Dorvilliea
articulata
Capitella
capita
TLm
=
327
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
496
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
880
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
713
mg
NO3/
L
Penaeus
monodon
3
 
5
weeks
LC50
>
200
mg
NO3
 
N/
L
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Coturnix
coturnix
japonica
(
Japanese
quail)
7
days
to
15
weeks
LC100
=
5,280
ppm
(
by
day
3
post
treatment)

LC100
=
5,940
ppm
(
by
day
4
post
treatment)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
3,750
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rabbit
LD50
=
2,680
mg/
kg
bw
Rabbit
LD50
=
1,166
NO3/
kg
Rat
LD50
=
1,267,

3,236,
3,430,
and
5,200
mg/
kg
bw
Cow,
Sheep
Lethal
dose
(
cow)

=
75­
140
mg
NO3
­

N/
kg
Lethal
dose
(
sheep)
=
70
mg
NO3
­
N/
kg
Goat
LD100
=
1,000­

1,500
mg/
kg
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Dog,
sheep
7.5
minutes
to
4
hrs
NOEC
(
dog)
=
5
mg/
m3
NOEC
(
sheep)
=
1
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Dogs
i.
v.;
60
minutes
NOEC
=
100
mg
NaNO3
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
6
weeks
MTD
=
5%
in
the
diet
Rat
14
months
See
text
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutations
assay
Negative
Bacillus
subtilis
recombination
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovary
cells
Chromosome
aberration
test
Positive
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Nitrate
CAS
#
6484­
52­
2
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat
10
weeks
Negative
Swiss
mice
and
Wistar
rats
Micronucleus
assay
Positive
Mice
Mouse
germ
cells
Positive
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Rats
104
weeks
Not
significantly
different
from
controls
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Beagle
dog
Two­
generation
study
No
significant
adverse
effects
Guinea
pig
One­
generation
study
NOAEL
Parental
=

10,000
ppm
NOAEL
F1
Offspring
=
10,000
ppm
Rat
Two­
generation
study
NOAEL
Parental
=

2.5%

5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat,
Mouse,

Rabbit,

Syrian
hamster
No
significant
adverse
effects
Mouse
Oral;
10
day
exposure
NOAEL
>
400
mg/
kg
bw
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
Readily
absorbed
and
excreted
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3