Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0540-0003
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-03-24T05:00Z

EPA
Registration
Division
contact:
Barbara
Madden
(
703)
305­
6463
Interregional
Research
Project
#
4
(
IR­
4)

PP#
3E6637,
3E6749,
4E6823,
5E6916
Summary
of
Petitions
EPA
has
received
pesticide
petitions
from
Interregional
Research
Project
#
4
(
IR­
4),
[
681
US
Highway
#
1
South,
North
Brunswick,
NJ
08902­
3390]
proposing
pursuant
to
section
408(
d)
of
the
Federal
Food,
Drug
and
Cosmetic
Act
21
U.
S.
C.
346a(
d),
to
amend
40
CFR
part
180.507
by
establishing
a
tolerance
for
residues
of
azoxystrobin:
(
methyl
(
E)­
2­{
2­[
6­(
2­
cyanophenoxy)
pyrimidin­
4­
yloxy]
phenyl}­
3­
methoxyacrylate)
and
the
Z
isomer
of
azoxystrobin,
(
methyl
(
Z)­
2­{
2­[
6­(
2­
cyanophenoxy)
pyrimidin­
4­
yloxy]
phenyl}­
3­
methoxyacrylate)
in
or
on
the
agricultural
commodities
(
in
tolerance
petitions):

Citrus
Crop
Group
10
(
adding
post
harvest)
 
PP#
5E6916
Citrus,
dried
pulp
 
20
ppm
Citrus
oil
 
40
ppm
Herb,
subgroup
19A
Fresh
 
50
ppm
 
adding
chives
PP#
4E6823
Herb,
subgroup
19A
Dried
 
260
ppm
 
adding
chives
PP#
4E6823
Spice
Subgroup
19B
(
except
black
pepper)
 
(
adding
spices)
 
38
ppm
 
PP#
3E6637
Foliage
of
Legume
Vegetables
 
Crop
Group
7
 
PP#
5E6916
Forage/
Vines
 
30
ppm
Hay
 
55
ppm
Fruiting
Vegetables
except
tomato
 
Crop
Group
8
 
PP#
5E6916
(
adding
Groundcherry,
Pepino,
Tomatillo)
 
2
ppm
Oil
Seeds
 
PP#
3E6749
Crambe,
Flax,
Indian
Mustard,
Field
Mustard,
Black
Mustard,
Rapeseed,
Indian
Rapeseed,
Safflower,
Sunflower
 
0.5
ppm
Pea
and
bean,
succulent
shelled,
subgroup
6­
B
 
PP#
5E6916
(
adding
cowpea)
 
0.5
ppm
Pea
and
bean,
dried
shelled,
except
soybean,
subgroup
6­
C
 
PP#
5E6916
(
adding
cowpea
and
field
pea)
 
0.5
ppm
Non­
grass
Animal
Feeds
­
Crop
Group
18
 
PP#
5E6916
Forage
 
30
ppm
Hay
 
55
ppm
EPA
has
determined
that
the
petition
contains
data
or
information
regarding
the
elements
set
forth
in
section
408(
d)(
2)
of
FFDCA;
however,
EPA
has
not
fully
evaluated
the
sufficiency
of
the
submitted
data
at
this
time
or
whether
the
data
support
granting
of
the
petition.
Additional
data
may
be
needed
before
EPA
rules
on
the
petition.

A.
Residue
Chemistry
1.
Plant
Metabolism.
The
metabolism
of
azoxystrobin
as
well
as
the
nature
of
the
residues
is
adequately
understood
for
purposes
of
the
tolerances.
Plant
metabolism
has
been
evaluated
in
four
diverse
crops,
cotton,
grapes,
wheat
and
peanuts
which
should
serve
to
define
the
similar
metabolism
of
azoxystrobin
a
wide
range
of
crops.
Parent
azoxystrobin
is
the
major
component
found
in
crops.
Azoxystrobin
does
not
accumulate
in
crop
seeds
or
fruits.
Metabolism
of
azoxystrobin
in
plants
is
complex
with
more
than
15
metabolites
identified.
These
metabolites
are
present
at
low
levels,
typically
much
less
than
5%
of
the
TRR.

2.
Analytical
method.
An
adequate
analytical
method,
gas
chromatography
with
nitrogen­
phosphorus
detection
(
GC­
NPD)
or
in
mobile
phase
by
high
performance
liquid
chromatography
with
ultra­
violet
detection
(
HPLC­
UV),
is
available
for
enforcement
purposes
with
a
limit
of
detection
that
allows
monitoring
of
food
with
residues
at
or
above
the
levels
set
in
these
tolerances.
The
Analytical
Chemistry
section
of
the
EPA
concluded
that
the
method(
s)
are
adequate
for
enforcement.
Analytical
methods
are
also
available
for
analyzing
meat,
milk,
poultry
and
eggs
which
also
underwent
successful
independent
laboratory
validations.

3.
Magnitude
of
the
residues.
Complete
residue
data
for
azoxystrobin
on
Citrus
Crop
Group
10
(
adding
post
harvest),
Herb,
subgroup
19A
Fresh
 
adding
chives,
Herb,
subgroup
19A
Dried
 
adding
chives,
Spice
Subgroup
19B
(
except
black
pepper)
 
(
adding
spices),
Foliage
of
Legume
Vegetables
 
Crop
Group
7,
Fruiting
Vegetables
except
tomato
 
Crop
Group
8
(
adding
Groundcherry,
Pepino,
Tomatillo),
Oil
Seeds
(
Crambe,
Flax,
Indian
Mustard,
Field
Mustard,
Black
Mustard,
Rapeseed,
Indian
Rapeseed,
Safflower,
Sunflower),
Pea
and
bean,
succulent
shelled,
subgroup
6­
B
(
adding
cowpea),
Pea
and
bean,
dried
shelled,
except
soybean,
subgroup
6­
C
(
adding
cowpea
and
field
pea),
Non­
grass
Animal
Feeds
­
Crop
Group
18
have
been
submitted.
The
requested
tolerances
are
adequately
supported.
B.
Toxicological
Profile
1.
Acute
toxicity
NOAEL=<
200
mg/
kg/
day
UF=
300
Acute
RfD=
0.67
mg/
kg/
day
FQPA
SF
=
1X
aPAD
=
Acute
RfD
+
FQPA
SF
=
0.67
mg/
kg/
day
Acute
neurotoxicity
study
in
rates
LOAEL
=
200
mg/
kg/
day
based
on
diarrhea
and
2­
hours
post
dose
at
all
dose
levels
up
to
and
including
20
mg/
kg/
day
(
the
LOAEL)

3.
Reproductive
and
Developmental
toxicity)
NOAEL
=
25
mg/
kg/
day
UF
=
100
FQPA
SF
=
1X
Prenatal
developmental
oral
toxicity
study
in
rates
LOAEL
=
100
mg/
kg/
day
based
on
increased
maternal
diarrhea,
urinary
incontinence,
and
salivation.

4.
Subchronic
Toxicity
NOAEL
=
20
mg/
kg/
day
UF
=
100
FQPA
SF
=
1X
90­
Day
feeding
study
in
rats
LOAEL
=
211/
223
mg/
kg/
day
in
males/
females
based
on
decreased
body
weight
gain
in
both
sexes
and
clinical
signs
indicative
of
reduced
nutrition.

5.
Chronic
toxicity
NOAEL
=
18
mg/
kg/
day
UF=
100
Chronic
RfD
=
0.18
mg/
kg/
day
FQPA
SF
=
1X
cPAD
=
chronic
RfD
+
FQPA
SF
=
0.18
mg/
kg/
day
Combined
chronic
toxicity
carcinogenicity
feeding
study
in
rates
LOAEL
=
34/
117
mg/
kg/
day
in
males/
females
based
on
reduced
bod
weights
in
both
sexes
and
bile
duct
lesions
in
males.

Azoxystrobin
is
classified
"
as
not
likely
to
be
carcinogenic
in
humans"

6.
Animal
Metabolism
The
metabolism
of
azoxystrobin
as
well
as
the
nature
of
the
residues
is
adequately
understood.

7.
Metabolite
toxicology.
There
are
no
metabolites
of
concern
based
on
a
differential
metabolism
between
plants
and
animals.

8.
Endocrine
disruption.
There
is
no
evidence
that
azoxystrobin
is
an
endocrine
disrupter.

C.
Aggregate
Exposure
1.
Dietary
Exposure.
Tolerance
values
have
been
established
(
40
CFR
180.507
(
a))
for
the
combined
residues
of
both
azoxystrobin
and
its
Z
isomer,
in
or
on
a
variety
of
raw
agricultural
commodities
at
levels
ranging
from
0.01
ppm
on
pecans
to
260
ppm
on
dried
herbs
(
subgroup
19A
except
chives)
and
on
meat,
fat
and
meat
byproducts
of
cattle,
goats,
hogs,
horses,
and
sheep
at
levels
ranging
from
0.01
to
0.07
ppm,
and
on
milk
at
0.006
ppm.
i.
Food
Tier
I
acute
and
chronic
dietary
exposure
evaluations
were
made
using
the
Dietary
Exposure
Evaluation
Model
software
with
the
Food
Commodity
Intake
Database
(
DEEM­
FCID
 
)
,
version
2.03
from
Exponent.
All
processing
factors
were
taken
from
the
DEEM
 
default
values,
which
were
manually
input
into
the
DEEM­
FCID
 
software.
Percent
of
crop
treated
values
were
conservatively
estimated
to
be
100%
for
all
registered
and
proposed
uses.
All
consumption
data
for
these
assessments
was
taken
from
the
USDA's
Continuing
Survey
of
Food
Intake
by
individuals
(
CSFII)
with
the
1994­
96
consumption
database
and
the
Supplemental
CSFII
children's
survey
(
1998)
consumption
database.
These
dietary
exposure
assessments
included
all
registered
uses
and
proposed
uses
on
dried
citrus
pulp
(
20
ppm),
citrus
oil
(
40
ppm),
citrus
fruit
(
10
ppm),
foliage
of
legume
vegetables
(
30
ppm)
and
fruiting
vegetables
except
tomatoes
(
2.0
ppm).

Acute
Exposure.
An
acute
reference
dose
of
0.67
mg/
kg­
bw/
day
for
all
population
subgroups
was
based
on
a
LOAEL
of
200
mg/
kg/
day
from
an
acute
neurotoxicity
study
in
rats
and
an
uncertainty
factor
of
300X
(
100X
for
intra­
and
inter­
species
variability
and
3X
for
absence
of
a
NOAEL).
No
additional
FQPA
safety
factor
was
applied.
For
the
purpose
of
the
aggregate
risk
assessment,
the
exposure
value
was
expressed
in
terms
of
margin
of
exposure
(
MOE),
which
was
calculated
by
dividing
the
lowest
observable
adverse
effect
level
(
LOAEL)
by
the
exposure
for
each
population
subgroup.
In
addition,
exposure
was
expressed
as
a
percent
of
the
acute
reference
dose
(%
aRfD).
Acute
exposure
to
the
most
sensitive
population
subgroup
(
children,
1­
2
years)
resulted
in
an
MOE
of
433
(
68.8%
of
the
acute
RfD
of
0.67
mg/
kg­
bw/
day).
Since
the
benchmark
for
this
acute
assessment
was
300
and
since
EPA
generally
has
no
concern
for
exposures
below
100%
of
the
RfD,
Syngenta
believes
that
there
is
a
reasonable
certainty
that
no
harm
will
result
from
dietary
(
food)
exposure
to
residues
arising
from
the
current
and
proposed
uses
for
azoxystrobin.

Chronic
Exposure.
The
chronic
reference
dose
(
RfD)
for
azoxystrobin
is
0.18
mg/
kg­
bw/
day
based
on
a
combined
chronic
toxicity/
carcinogenicity
study
in
rats
with
a
NOAEL
of
18
mg/
kgbw
day
and
an
uncertainty
factor
of
100X
(
for
combined
intra­
and
inter­
species
variability).
No
additional
FQPA
safety
factor
was
applied.
For
the
purpose
of
aggregate
risk
assessment,
the
exposure
values
were
expressed
in
terms
of
margin
of
exposure
(
MOE),
which
was
calculated
by
dividing
the
NOAEL
by
the
exposure
for
each
population
subgroup.
In
addition,
exposure
was
expressed
as
a
percent
of
the
chronic
reference
dose
(%
RfD).
Drinking
water
estimates
were
incorporated
directly
into
the
dietary
exposure
assessment
using
the
higher
of
the
estimated
drinking
water
concentrations
(
EDWCs)
for
surface
(
33
ppb)
and
ground
water
(
3.1
ppb).
Chronic
exposure
to
the
U.
S.
population
resulted
in
a
MOE
of
409
(
24.4%
of
the
chronic
RfD
of
0.18
mg/
kg­
bw/
day).
The
most
exposed
sub­
population
was
children
(
1­
2
years
old)
with
a
MOE
of
159
(
62.8%
of
the
chronic
RfD
of
0.18
mg/
kg­
bw/
day).
Since
the
benchmark
MOE
for
this
chronic
assessment
was
100
and
since
EPA
generally
has
no
concern
for
exposures
below
100%
of
the
RfD,
Syngenta
believes
that
there
is
a
reasonable
certainty
that
no
harm
will
result
from
dietary
(
food
plus
water)
exposure
to
residues
arising
from
the
current
and
proposed
tolerance
levels
for
azoxystrobin.

Cancer.
Azoxystrobin
has
been
classified
as
"
not
likely
to
be
a
human
carcinogen"
based
on
the
revised
Cancer
Guidelines.
Therefore,
no
cancer
risk
assessment
was
performed
for
azoxystrobin.
ii.
Drinking
Water:
The
EPA
uses
the
First
Index
Reservoir
Screening
Tool
(
FIRST)
or
the
Pesticide
Root
Zone/
Exposure
Analysis
Modeling
System
(
PRZM/
EXAMS)
to
estimate
pesticide
residues
in
an
index
reservoir.
The
SCI­
GROW
model
is
used
to
predict
pesticide
concentrations
in
shallow
ground
water.
None
of
these
models
include
consideration
of
the
impact
processing
of
raw
water
(
mixing,
dilution,
or
treatment)
for
distribution
as
drinking
water
would
likely
have
on
the
removal
of
pesticides
from
the
source
water.
The
primary
use
of
these
models
by
the
Agency
at
this
stage
is
to
provide
a
conservative
approximation
of
the
estimated
environmental
concentration
of
specific
pesticides
in
drinking
water.
Based
on
the
Tier
1
modeling
results
using
the
FIRST
model
(
Federal
Register,
18
June
2003;
OPP­
2003­
0196,
FRL­
7311­
2),
the
estimated
drinking
water
concentrations
(
EDWCs)
of
azoxystrobin
in
surface
water
were
170
parts
per
billion
(
ppb)
for
the
acute
exposure
and
33
ppb
for
the
chronic
exposure.
These
values
represented
upper­
bound
estimates
of
the
concentrations
that
might
be
found
in
surface
water
from
the
use
of
azoxystrobin
on
turf.
For
ground
water
(
SCI­
GROW)
modeling,
the
EDWC
of
azoxystrobin
was
3.1
ppb
for
both
the
acute
and
chronic
exposure
at
the
highest
use
rate
(
turf
use,
nine
applications
per
year,
10­
day
interval,
and
0.55
lb
a.
i./
acre).
Since
the
surface
water
EDWCs
exceeded
the
ground
water
EDWCs,
the
surface
water
values
were
used
for
comparison
to
the
acute
Drinking
Water
Levels
of
Comparison
(
DWLOC)
and
will
be
considered
protective
for
any
ground
water
concentration
concerns.
The
acute
DWLOC
was
calculated
based
on
an
acute
Population
Adjusted
Dose
(
aPAD)
of
0.67
mg/
kg/
day.
For
the
acute
assessment,
the
population
subgroup
of
children
(
1­
2
years)
generated
an
acute
DWLOC
of
2,088
ppb.
Since
the
acute
DWLOC
of
2,088
ppb
is
higher
than
the
acute
EDWC
of
170
ppb,
the
EPA
should
not
have
a
concern
for
acute
risk
from
either
surface
or
ground
water.

Drinking
water
estimates
were
incorporated
directly
into
the
chronic
dietary
exposure
assessment
using
the
higher
of
the
estimated
drinking
water
concentrations
(
EDWCs)
for
surface
water
(
33
ppb)
and
ground
water
(
3.1
ppb).
Chronic
food
plus
water
exposure
to
the
U.
S.
population
resulted
in
a
MOE
of
409
(
24.4%
of
the
chronic
RfD
of
0.18
mg/
kg­
bw/
day).
The
most
exposed
sub­
population
was
children
(
1­
2
years
old)
with
a
MOE
of
159
(
62.8%
of
the
chronic
RfD
of
0.18
mg/
kg­
bw/
day).
Since
the
benchmark
MOE
for
this
assessment
was
100
and
since
EPA
generally
has
no
concern
for
exposures
below
100%
of
the
RfD,
Syngenta
believes
that
there
is
a
reasonable
certainty
that
no
harm
will
result
from
dietary
(
food
plus
water)
exposure
to
residues
arising
from
the
current
and
proposed
tolerance
levels
for
azoxystrobin.

2.
Non­
Dietary
Exposure:
Risk
assessments
were
conducted
for
non­
dietary
uses
of
azoxystrobin
since
it
is
currently
registered
for
residential
use
outdoors
on
turf
and
ornamentals,
in
product
manufacturing,
and
as
an
indoor
spray
to
carpets
and
other
fabrics.
Azoxystrobin
may
be
applied
to
turf
at
rates
of
up
to
0.95
lb
a.
i./
acre
(
not
to
exceed
5
lb
a.
i./
acre
per
year)
and
to
ornamentals
at
rates
of
up
to
0.75
lb
a.
i./
acre
(
not
to
exceed
5
lb
a.
i./
acre
per
year).
Broadcast
carpet
applications
can
be
made
at
1
gallon
per
250
square
feet
using
a
0.1%
solution
(
equivalent
to
160
mg/
m2
or
1.43
lb
a.
i./
acre).
The
residential
post­
application
risk
assessments
were
conducted
using
the
application
to
indoor
carpets
because
it
results
in
the
highest
potential
exposure
to
the
adult.
A
short­
term
handler
risk
assessment
was
required
for
adults
because
there
is
a
residential
handler
inhalation
exposure
scenario.
Both
short­
and
intermediate­
term
risk
assessments
were
required
for
toddlers
based
on
the
potential
for
hand­
to­
mouth
and
object­
to
mouth
transfer
of
residues
from
treated
carpet.
For
incidental
non­
dietary
oral
exposure
to
azoxystrobin,
a
NOAEL
of
25
mg/
kg/
day
was
used
for
short­
term
exposure
and
a
NOAEL
of
20
mg/
kg/
day
was
used
for
intermediate­
term
exposure.
These
same
NOAELs
were
selected
for
assessing
the
risks
from
short­
term
and
intermediate­
term
inhalation
exposures.
No
dermal
assessment
is
required.

For
inhalation
exposure
scenarios,
the
margins
of
exposure
(
MOEs)
for
adults
(
U.
S.
population)
making
turf
applications
are
216,718
for
short­
term
exposure
and
173,375
for
intermediate­
term
exposure.
For
post­
application
exposure
to
treated
carpets,
the
non­
dietary
oral
MOEs
for
children
1­
2
years
are
275
for
short­
term
exposure
and
11,400
for
intermediate­
term
exposure.
Since
the
EPA's
benchmark
MOE
for
azoxystrobin
is
100,
the
residential
exposures
for
both
adults
and
toddlers
do
not
exceed
EPA's
level
of
concern.

D.
Cumulative
Effects
Cumulative
Exposure
to
Substances
With
a
Common
Mechanism
of
Toxicity.
Section
408(
b)(
2)(
D)(
v)
requires
that,
when
considering
whether
to
establish,
modify,
or
revoke
a
tolerance,
the
Agency
consider
"
available
information"
concerning
the
cumulative
effects
of
a
particular
pesticide's
residues
and
"
other
substances
that
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity".
Azoxystrobin
is
related
to
the
naturally
occurring
strobilurins.
Syngenta
has
concluded
that
further
consideration
of
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity
is
not
appropriate
at
this
time
since
there
is
no
data
to
establish
whether
a
common
mechanism
exists
with
any
other
substances.

E.
Safety
Determination
1.
U.
S.
Population.
The
acute
dietary
exposure
analysis
(
food
only)
showed
that
exposure
from
all
established
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
tolerances
would
result
in
a
MOE
of
1236
(
24.2%
of
the
acute
RfD)
for
the
general
U.
S.
population.
The
acute
aggregate
exposure
(
food
plus
water)
from
all
established
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
tolerances
resulted
in
a
MOE
of
1,200
for
the
general
U.
S.
population,
which
exceeds
the
benchmark
MOE
of
300.
The
chronic
dietary
exposure
analysis
(
food
plus
water)
showed
that
exposure
from
all
established
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
tolerances
resulted
in
a
MOE
of
409
(
24.4%
of
the
chronic
RfD)
for
the
general
U.
S.
population.
Based
on
the
use
pattern,
chronic
residential
exposure
to
residues
of
azoxystrobin
is
not
expected
and
therefore
there
was
no
residential
component
for
the
chronic
aggregate
assessment.
A
short­
term
aggregate
exposure
analysis
(
food,
water
and
residential)
was
required
for
adults
because
there
is
a
residential
handler
inhalation
exposure
scenario.
The
corresponding
MOEs
were
aggregated
using
the
inverse
MOE
approach.
For
short­
term
exposures,
the
dietary
(
food
and
water)
exposure
(
MOE
568)
was
aggregated
with
the
residential
exposure
(
MOE
216,718)
resulting
in
a
short­
term
aggregate
MOE
of
567
for
the
U.
S.
population.
An
intermediate­
term
aggregate
exposure
analysis
(
food
plus
water
plus
residential)
was
not
required
for
adults
because
residential
handler
scenarios
are
not
expected
to
occur
for
longer
than
a
short­
term
time
frame.
Based
on
the
completeness
and
reliability
of
the
toxicity
data
supporting
these
petitions,
Syngenta
believes
that
there
is
a
reasonable
certainty
that
no
harm
will
result
from
aggregate
exposure
to
residues
arising
from
all
current
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
tolerances,
including
anticipated
dietary
exposure
from
food,
water,
and
all
other
types
of
nonoccupational
exposures.

2.
Infants
and
children.
The
acute
food
exposure
analysis
showed
that
exposure
from
all
established
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
uses
resulted
in
a
MOE
of
433
(
68.8%
of
the
acute
RfD)
for
the
most
sensitive
population
subgroup,
children
1­
2
years
old.
For
this
same
population
subgroup,
the
acute
aggregate
dietary
(
food
and
water)
exposure
from
all
established
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
tolerances
resulted
in
a
MOE
of
417.
The
chronic
aggregate
dietary
(
food
and
water)
exposure
analysis
showed
that
exposure
from
all
established
and
proposed
azoxystrobin
uses
would
result
in
a
MOE
of
159
(
62.8%
of
the
chronic
RfD)
for
the
most
sensitive
population
subgroup,
children
1­
2
years
old.
A
short­
term
aggregate
exposure
analysis
(
food,
water
and
residential)
was
required
for
infants
and
children
because
there
is
a
residential
post­
application
oral
exposure
scenario.
For
short­
term
exposures,
the
dietary
exposure
(
MOE
221)
was
aggregated
with
the
residential
exposure
(
MOE
275)
resulting
in
a
short­
term
aggregate
MOE
of
123
for
the
most
sensitive
population
subgroup,
children
1­
2
years
old.
An
intermediateterm
aggregate
exposure
analysis
(
dietary
and
residential)
was
required
for
infants
and
children
because
of
the
residential
post­
application
oral
exposure
scenario.
For
intermediate­
term
exposures,
the
food
plus
water
exposure
(
MOE
177)
was
aggregated
with
the
residential
exposure
(
MOE
11,400)
resulting
in
an
intermediate­
term
aggregate
MOE
of
174
for
children
1­
2
years
old.
The
EPA
has
determined
that
there
is
reliable
data
support
using
the
standard
MOE
and
uncertainty
factor
(
100X
for
chronic
and
300X
for
acute)
for
azoxystrobin
and
that
an
additional
safety
factor
of
10
is
not
necessary
to
be
protective
of
infants
and
children.
The
nondietary
MOEs
for
post
application
exposures
to
toddlers
were
all
above
100
for
short­
and
intermediate­
term
exposures.
Syngenta
has
considered
the
potential
aggregate
exposure
from
food,
water
and
non­
occupational
exposure
routes
and
concluded
that
aggregate
exposure
is
not
expected
to
exceed
100%
of
the
chronic
reference
dose
and
that
there
is
a
reasonable
certainty
that
no
harm
will
result
to
infants
and
children
from
the
aggregate
exposure
to
azoxystrobin.

F.
International
Tolerances
No
Codex,
Canadian,
or
Mexican
Maximum
Residue
Levels
(
MRLs)
have
been
established
for
residues
of
azoxystrobin
on
these
crops.
Therefore,
no
tolerance
discrepancies
exist
between
countries
for
this
chemical.