Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0424-0001
Agency: epa
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, and Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing
Posted Date: 2007-09-20T04:00Z

[Federal Register: September 20, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 182)]
[Proposed Rules]               
[Page 53837-53870]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr20se07-30]                         

[[Page 53837]]

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Part III

Environmental Protection Agency

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40 CFR Part 63

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area 
Sources: Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, and 
Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing; Proposed Rule

[[Page 53838]]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 63

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0424; EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0360; EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0940; FRL-
8469-9]
RIN 2060-AM12

 
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area 
Sources: Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, and 
Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing national emission standards for the Clay 
Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, and Secondary Nonferrous 
Metals Processing area source categories. The proposed emissions 
standards for new and existing sources are based on EPA's proposed 
determination as to what constitutes the generally available control 
technology or management practices for each area source category.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 22, 2007 unless a 
public hearing is requested by October 1, 2007. If a hearing is 
requested on the proposed rules, written comments must be received by 
November 5, 2007. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, comments on the 
information collection provisions must be received by the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) on or before October 22, 2007.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2006-0424 (for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing), Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2006-0360 (for Glass Manufacturing), or Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2006-0940 (for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing) by one of the 
following methods:
     http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line instructions for 

submitting comments.
     E-mail: a-and-r-Docket@epa.gov.
     Fax: (202) 566-9744.
     Mail: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Area Sources: Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass 
Manufacturing, and Secondary. Nonferrous Metals Processing, 
Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 2822T, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. Please include a total of two copies. 
In addition, please mail a copy of your comments on the information 
collection provisions to the Office of Information and Regulatory 
Affairs, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Attn: Desk Officer for 
EPA, 725 17th St., NW., Washington, DC 20503.
     Hand Delivery: EPA Docket Center, Public Reading Room, EPA 
West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. 
Such deliveries are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of 
operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of 
boxed information.
    Instructions. Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2006-0424 (for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing), Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2006-0360 (for Glass Manufacturing), or Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-
0940 (for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing). EPA's policy is that 
all comments received will be included in the public docket without 
change and may be made available online at http://www.regulations.gov, 

including any personal information provided, unless the comment 
includes information claimed to be confidential business information 
(CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise 
protected through http://www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The 

http://www.regulations.gov website is an ``anonymous access'' system, which 

means EPA will not know your identity or contact information unless you 
provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e-mail comment 
directly to EPA without going through http://www.regulations.gov, your e-mail 

address will be automatically captured and included as part of the 
comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the 
Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you 
include your name and other contact information in the body of your 
comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic 
files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of 
encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses.
    Docket. All documents in the docket are listed in the 
http://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 

information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy 
form. Publicly available docket materials are available either 
electronically in http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket 

Center, Public Reading Room, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 
Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open 
from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the Air 
Docket is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions about the proposed rule 
for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, contact Mr. Bill Neuffer, Office of 
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and Programs 
Division, Metals and Minerals Group (D243-02), Environmental Protection 
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-
5435; fax number: (919) 541-3207; e-mail address: Neuffer.Bill@epa.gov. 
For questions about the proposed rule for Glass Manufacturing or 
Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing, contact Ms. Susan Fairchild, 
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and 
Programs Division, Metals and Minerals Group (D243-02), Research 
Triangle Park, NC 27711, telephone number: (919) 541-5167, fax number: 
(919) 541-3207, e-mail address: Fairchild.Susan@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The supplementary information presented in 
this preamble is organized as follows:

I. General Information
    A. Does this action apply to me?
    B. What should I consider as I prepare my comments to EPA?
    C. Where can I get a copy of this document?
    D. When would a public hearing occur?
II. Background Information for Proposed Area Source Standards
    A. What is the statutory authority for the proposed NESHAP?
    B. What criteria did EPA use in developing the proposed NESHAP?
III. Proposed Area Source NESHAP for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing
    A. What area source category is affected by the proposed rule?
    B. What are the production processes and emissions points at 
facilities that manufacture clay ceramics?
    C. How did EPA subcategorize spray glaze operations?
    D. How was GACT determined?
    E. What are the proposed requirements for area sources?
IV. Proposed Area Source NESHAP for Glass Manufacturing
    A. What area source category is affected by the proposed rule?
    B. What are the production processes and emissions points at 
facilities that manufacture glass?
    C. How was GACT determined?

[[Page 53839]]

    D. What are the proposed requirements for area sources?
V. Proposed Area Source NESHAP for Secondary Nonferrous Metals 
Processing
    A. What area source category is affected by the proposed rule?
    B. What are the production processes and emissions points at 
facilities that process secondary nonferrous metals?
    C. How was GACT determined?
    D. What are the proposed requirements for area sources?
VI. Proposed Exemption of Certain Area Source Categories from Title 
V Permitting Requirements
    A. Clay Ceramics Manufacturing
    B. Secondary Nonferrous Metal Processing
VII. What are the impacts of the proposed standards for area 
sources?
    VIII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from 
Environmental Health and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations that 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    The regulated categories and entities potentially affected by the 
proposed standards include:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      NAICS      Examples of regulated
             Category                code \1\           entities
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Industry:
    Clay Ceramics Manufacturing...     327122  Area source facilities
                                       327111   that manufacture ceramic
                                       327112   wall and floor tile,
                                                vitreous plumbing
                                                fixtures, vitreous china
                                                tableware and
                                                kitchenware, and/or
                                                pottery.
    Glass Manufacturing...........     327211  Area source facilities
                                       327212   that manufacture flat
                                       327213   glass, glass containers,
                                                and other pressed and
                                                blown glass and
                                                glassware.
    Secondary Nonferrous Metals        331492  Area source brass and
     Processing.                       331423   bronze ingot making,
                                                secondary magnesium
                                                processing, or secondary
                                                zinc processing plant
                                                that melts post-consumer
                                                nonferrous metal scrap
                                                to make products
                                                including bars, ingots,
                                                and blocks, or metal
                                                powders.\2\
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\1\ North American Industry Classification System.
\2\ The Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source category was
  originally established under SIC code 3341, a broader classification
  which included brass and bronze ingot makers. The corresponding NAICS
  code for brass and bronze ingot makers is 331423.

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this 
action. To determine whether your facility would be regulated by this 
action, you should examine the applicability criteria in 40 CFR 
63.11435 of subpart RRRRRR (national emissions standards for hazardous 
air pollutants (NESHAP) for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Area Sources), 
40 CFR 63.11448 of subpart SSSSSS (NESHAP for Glass Manufacturing Area 
Sources), and 40 CFR 63.11462 of subpart TTTTTT (NESHAP for Secondary 
Nonferrous Metals Processing). If you have any questions regarding the 
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult either the 
air permit authority for the entity or your EPA Regional representative 
as listed in 40 CFR 63.13 of subpart A (General Provisions).

B. What should I consider as I prepare my comments to EPA?

    Do not submit CBI to EPA through http://www.regulations.gov or e-mail. 

Send or deliver information identified as CBI only to the following 
address: Roberto Morales, OAQPS Document Control Officer (C404-02), 
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Environmental Protection 
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, Attention Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0424 (for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing), or 
Docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0360 (for Glass Manufacturing), or Docket ID 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0940 (for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing). 
Clearly mark the part or all of the information that you claim to be 
CBI. For CBI information in a disk or CD-ROM that you mail to EPA, mark 
the outside of the disk or CD-ROM as CBI and then identify 
electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the specific information that 
is claimed as CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment 
that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that 
does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for 
inclusion in the public docket. Information so marked will not be 
disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 
2.

C. Where can I get a copy of this document?

    In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy of 
this proposed action will also be available on the WorldWide Web (WWW) 
through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature, a 
copy of the proposed action will be posted on the TTN's policy and 
guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated rules at the following 
address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/. The TTN provides information 

and technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control.

D. When would a public hearing occur?

    If anyone contacts EPA requesting to speak at a public hearing 
concerning the proposed rules by October 1, 2007, we will hold a public 
hearing on October 5, 2007. If you are interested in attending the 
public hearing, contact Ms. Pamela Garrett at (919) 541-7966 to verify 
that a hearing will be held.

II. Background Information for Proposed Area Source Standards

A. What is the statutory authority for the proposed NESHAP?

    Section 112(k)(3)(B) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) requires EPA to 
identify at least 30 hazardous air pollutants (HAP) which, as the 
result of emissions from area sources,\1\ pose the greatest threat to 
public health in urban areas. Consistent with this provision, in 1999, 
in the Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy, EPA identified the 30 HAP 
that pose the greatest potential health threat in urban

[[Page 53840]]

areas, and these HAP are referred to as the ``urban HAP.'' See 64 FR 
38706, 38715-716, July 19, 1999. Section 112(c)(3) requires EPA to list 
sufficient categories or subcategories of area sources to ensure that 
area sources representing 90 percent of the emissions of the 30 urban 
HAP are subject to regulation. EPA listed the source categories that 
account for 90 percent of the urban HAP emissions in the Integrated 
Urban Air Toxics Strategy.\2\ Sierra Club sued EPA, alleging a failure 
to complete standards for the source categories listed pursuant to CAA 
section 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B) within the timeframe specified by 
the statute. See Sierra Club v. Johnson, No. 01-1537, (D.D.C.). On 
March 31, 2006, the court issued an order requiring EPA to promulgate 
standards under CAA section 112(d) for those area source categories 
listed pursuant to CAA section 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B).
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    \1\ An area source is a stationary source of HAP emissions that 
is not a major source. A major source is a stationary source that 
emits or has the potential to emit 10 tons per year (tpy) or more of 
any HAP or 25 tpy or more of any combination of HAP.
    \2\ Since its publication in the Integrated Urban Air Toxics 
Strategy in 1999, the area source category list has undergone 
several amendments.
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    Among other things, the order requires that, by December 15, 2007, 
EPA complete standards for 10 area source categories. As part of our 
effort to meet the December 15, 2007 deadline, we are proposing in this 
action the NESHAP for the following three listed area source 
categories: (1) Clay Ceramics Manufacturing; (2) Glass Manufacturing; 
and (3) Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing. The standards for the 
other categories are being proposed in separate actions.
    We added Glass Manufacturing and Secondary Nonferrous Metals 
Processing to the Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy area source 
category list on June 26, 2002 (67 FR 43112). The Glass Manufacturing 
area source category is comprised of three distinct industry sectors: 
(1) Flat Glass Manufacturing; (2) Container Glass Manufacturing; and 
(3) Pressed and Blown Glass Manufacturing. On November 22, 2002, we 
added Clay Products Manufacturing to the area source category list (67 
FR 70428). The Clay Products Manufacturing area source category was 
later split into the two categories of Brick and Structural Clay 
Products (BSCP) Manufacturing and Clay Ceramics Manufacturing to better 
match the categories already scheduled to be regulated by major source 
NESHAP. The Clay Ceramics Manufacturing area source category is being 
addressed in this proposed rule, while the BSCP Manufacturing area 
source category will be addressed in a future action. (For more 
information on the area source categories, see http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/area/arearules.html.
)

    The inclusion of the Clay Ceramics Manufacturing, Glass 
Manufacturing, and Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source 
categories on the section 112(c)(3) area source category list is based 
on 1990 emissions data, as EPA used 1990 as the baseline year for that 
listing. Specifically, the Clay Products Manufacturing area source 
category was listed based on emissions of compounds of chromium, lead, 
manganese, and nickel that represent part of the 90 percent of those 
urban HAP emissions in the 1990 inventory and are hereafter referred to 
as ``clay ceramics metal HAP.'' The Glass Manufacturing area source 
category was listed based on emissions of compounds of arsenic, 
cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel that represent part of 
the 90 percent of those urban HAP emissions in the 1990 inventory and 
are hereafter referred to as ``glass manufacturing metal HAP.'' The 
Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source category was listed 
based on emissions of compounds of arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese, 
and nickel that represent part of the 90 percent of those urban HAP 
emissions in the 1990 inventory and are hereafter referred to as 
``secondary nonferrous metal HAP.''

B. What criteria did EPA use in developing the proposed NESHAP?

    Under CAA section 112(d)(5), the Administrator may, in lieu of 
standards requiring maximum achievable control technology (MACT) under 
section 112(d)(2), elect to promulgate standards or requirements for 
area sources ``which provide for the use of generally available control 
technologies or management practices by such sources to reduce 
emissions of hazardous air pollutants.'' Under section 112(d)(5), the 
Administrator has the discretion to use generally available control 
technology or management practices (GACT) in lieu of MACT. Pursuant to 
section 112(d)(5), we have decided not to issue MACT standards and 
concluded that GACT is appropriate for these three source categories.
    Additional information on the definition of GACT is found in the 
Senate report on the legislation (Senate Report Number 101-228, 
December 20, 1989), which indicates GACT means:

    * * * methods, practices and techniques which are commercially 
available and appropriate for application by the sources in the 
category considering economic impacts and the technical capabilities 
of the firms to operate and maintain the emissions control systems.

Consistent with the legislative history, in addition to considering 
technical capabilities of the facilities and the availability of 
control measures, we may consider costs and economic impacts in 
determining GACT, which is particularly important when developing 
regulations for source categories that may have few establishments and 
many small businesses.
    Determining what constitutes GACT involves considering the control 
technologies and management practices that are generally available to 
the area sources in the source category. We also consider the standards 
applicable to major sources in the same industrial sector to determine 
if the control technologies and management practices are transferable 
and generally available to area sources. In appropriate circumstances, 
we may also consider technologies and practices at area and major 
sources in similar categories to determine whether such technologies 
and practices could be considered generally available for the area 
source category at issue. Finally, as noted above, in determining GACT 
for a particular area source category, we consider the costs and 
economic impacts of available control technologies and management 
practices on that category.

III. Proposed Area Source NESHAP for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing

A. What area source category is affected by the proposed rule?

    The Clay Ceramics Manufacturing area source category includes those 
facilities that process greater than 45 megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (50 
tons per year (tpy)) wet clay to manufacture pressed floor tile, 
pressed wall tile, and other pressed tile; sanitaryware (toilets and 
sinks); dinnerware; or pottery. Clay ceramics are primarily composed of 
clay and shale, and may include many different additives, including 
silica, talc, and various high purity powders produced by chemical 
synthesis.
    To estimate the number of facilities in the Clay Ceramics 
Manufacturing area source category, we gathered detailed information 
from the NESHAP for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing major sources. Also, we 
compiled information from other sources, including site visits, 
Internet searches, and industry submittals. Based on this information 
and taking into account recent facility shutdowns, we have identified 
51 area source facilities with spray glaze operations or kilns that 
fire glazed ceramic ware that would be subject to the final clay 
ceramics manufacturing area source NESHAP.

[[Page 53841]]

    With this action, we are also clarifying that artisan potters, 
small ceramics studios, noncommercial entities, and schools and 
universities with ceramic arts programs, which typically have annual 
production rates of 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) or less, are not a part of the 
source category listed pursuant to section 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B), and 
are, therefore, not covered by this area source standard. Urban HAP 
emissions from these facilities were not included in the 1990 baseline 
emissions inventory that was used as the basis for the area source 
category listing. Specifically, in reviewing the inventory on which we 
based the listing of this source category, we determined that the 
sources that were the basis of the listing decision were those with an 
annual production rate in excess of 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy).

B. What are the production processes and emissions points at facilities 
that manufacture clay ceramics?

    Clay ceramics manufacturing generally includes raw material 
processing and handling and forming of the clay product shapes, 
followed by drying, glazing, and firing. Some tile products and most 
dinnerware/pottery are fired in a kiln prior to some type of glazing 
operation. More than 95 percent of all clay ceramic products are coated 
with a glaze and then fired in a kiln.
    Spray glaze operations and kilns that fire glazed ceramic ware 
account for most of the particulate matter (PM) and urban metal HAP 
emitted from clay ceramics manufacturing facilities (about 80 to 90 
percent from spray glaze operations and 10 to 20 percent from kilns). 
Overspray accounts for most of the PM and clay ceramics metal HAP 
emitted during spray glaze operations. Emissions from kilns firing 
glazed ceramic ware consist primarily of volatilized materials from the 
glaze. The type and volume of HAP emissions vary according to the glaze 
materials. Emissions of PM from spray glaze operations and kilns firing 
glazed ceramic ware are estimated at about 407 Mg/yr (449 tpy) 
nationwide, with about 7.1 Mg/yr (7.9 tpy) of clay ceramics metal HAP 
(mostly lead and chromium, with smaller quantities of nickel and 
manganese). Lead emissions are estimated at about 4.1 Mg/yr (4.5 tpy), 
and most of those emissions come from the two dinnerware facilities 
still using leaded glazes. Since 1990, most clay ceramics facilities 
have ceased using leaded glazes because of potential environmental and 
worker exposure issues.
    Spray glazing operations at area source facilities are currently 
controlled in terms of clay ceramics metal HAP emissions as a result of 
state and local air pollution standards, permit requirements, and/or 
management practices already implemented by the industry to reduce clay 
ceramics metal HAP from spray glaze operations. Capture systems for 
spray glaze operations typically include spray booths; partial or total 
enclosures; and process area ventilation systems. Several different 
types of air pollution control devices (APCD) are used to control 
overspray emissions from glaze spray booths, including wet scrubbers, 
fabric filters, water curtains, and water-wash systems.
    Most, if not all, facilities practice waste minimization in their 
glazing operations to minimize glaze cost and cleanup downtime. 
Examples of waste minimization practices include, but are not limited 
to, minimizing glaze overspray emissions using high-volume, low 
pressure (HVLP) spray equipment or similar spray equipment; minimizing 
HAP emissions during cleanup of spray glazing equipment; operating and 
maintaining spray glazing equipment according to manufacturer's 
instructions; and minimizing spills through careful handling of HAP-
containing glaze materials. HVLP spray equipment operates at low 
atomizing air pressure--0.69 to 69 kilopascals (0.1 to 10 pounds per 
square inch) at the air nozzle and use 0.42 to 0.85 cubic meters per 
minute (15 to 30 cubic feet per minute) of air.
    No APCD are used by area sources in the clay ceramics manufacturing 
industry to control emissions from kilns. However, available operating 
permit information shows that most, if not all, clay ceramics kilns 
firing glazed ceramic ware are fired with natural gas or some other 
clean-burning, low-HAP fuel (e.g., propane). Some clay ceramics 
manufacturing facilities use electric-powered kilns. Furthermore, clay 
ceramics manufacturing facilities maintain the peak firing temperatures 
of their kilns firing glazed ceramic ware well below the volatilization 
temperatures of the clay ceramics metal HAP in their spray glazes.
1. Selection of Affected Source
    Affected source means the collection of equipment and processes in 
the source category or subcategory to which the subpart applies. In 
selecting the affected source for regulation, we identified the clay 
ceramics metal HAP-emitting operations, the clay ceramics metal HAP 
emitted, and the quantity of clay ceramics metal HAP emissions from the 
individual or groups of emissions points. We concluded that designating 
the group of atomized spray glaze operations and kilns firing glazed 
ceramic ware within the clay ceramics manufacturing operation as the 
affected source was the most appropriate approach and consistent with 
the basis for the original listing. This proposed rule includes 
requirements for the control of emissions from all atomized spray glaze 
operations and all curing operations involving kilns firing glazed 
ceramic ware.
2. Selection of Pollutants
    For this proposed rule, we decided that it was not practical to 
establish individual standards for each specific type of clay ceramics 
metal HAP that could be present in the various processes. A sufficient 
correlation exists between PM and these clay ceramics metal HAP to rely 
on PM as a surrogate for both the presence of the HAP and for their 
control.\3\ When released, each of the clay ceramics metal HAP 
compounds behaves as PM. The control technologies used for the control 
of PM emissions achieve comparable levels of performance on the 
individual clay ceramics metal HAP emissions. Therefore, standards 
requiring good control of PM also achieve good control of clay ceramics 
metal HAP emissions. Furthermore, establishing separate standards for 
each individual metal HAP would impose costly and significantly more 
complex compliance and monitoring requirements and achieve little, if 
any, HAP emissions reductions beyond what would be achieved using the 
surrogate pollutant approach based on total PM. Based on these 
considerations, we decided to establish standards for Clay Ceramics 
Manufacturing based on control of total PM as a surrogate pollutant for 
the individual clay ceramics metal HAP.
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    \3\ National Lime Association v. EPA. 233 F.3d 625, 639-640 
(D.C. Cir. 2000) and Sierra Club v. EPA, 353 F.3d 976 (D.C. Cir. 
2004).
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C. How did EPA subcategorize spray glaze operations?

    As part of the GACT analysis, we considered whether there were 
differences in processes, sizes, or other factors affecting emissions 
that would warrant subcategorization. Under section 112(d)(1) of the 
CAA, EPA ``may distinguish among classes, types, and sizes within a 
source category or subcategory in establishing such standards* * *''. 
In our review of the available data, we observed significant 
differences between spray glaze operations based on the level of wet 
glaze usage and clay ceramics metal HAP emissions. For these reasons, 
we

[[Page 53842]]

are proposing two subcategories for spray glaze operations based on 
annual wet glaze usage: those facilities with annual wet glaze usage of 
more than 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) and facilities with annual wet glaze 
usage of 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) or less. These subcategories differentiate 
between general sizes of glazing operations at clay ceramics 
manufacturing facilities, but do not differentiate clay product types 
or other processes.
    Those facilities with wet glaze usage above the threshold level 
would be subject to a different set of management practices than those 
facilities at or below the threshold level, which are more likely to be 
small businesses and comprise a much smaller fraction of total 
production, glaze usage, and clay ceramics metal HAP emissions. Our 
analysis indicates that approximately 88 percent of wet glaze usage and 
75 percent of clay ceramics metal HAP emissions are associated with 11 
clay ceramic manufacturing area source facilities in the subcategory 
with wet glaze usage levels greater than 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) and the 
other 12 percent of wet glaze usage and 25 percent of clay ceramics 
metal HAP emissions come from 40 facilities in the subcategory with wet 
glaze usage at or below 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy). To account for those 
facilities that use non-HAP glazes in some or all of their processes, 
we have included a provision allowing sources to exclude glazes that 
contain less than 0.1 (weight) percent clay ceramics metal HAP in 
determining their total wet glaze usage relative to the 227 Mg/yr (250 
tpy) subcategorization threshold.

D. How was GACT determined?

    As provided in CAA section 112(d)(5), we are proposing standards 
representing GACT for the clay ceramics metal HAP. As noted in section 
II of this preamble, the statute allows the Agency to establish 
standards for area sources listed pursuant to section 112(c) based on 
GACT. The statute does not set any condition precedent for issuing 
standards under section 112(d)(5) other than that the area source 
category or subcategory at issue must be one that EPA listed pursuant 
to section 112(c), which is the case here.
    Moreover, most of the facilities in this source category have good 
operational controls in-place and use small quantities of clay ceramics 
metal HAP in their glazes. We evaluated the control technologies and 
management practices that reduce HAP emissions that are generally 
available for the clay ceramics manufacturing area source category. We 
also considered costs and economic impacts in determining GACT. We 
believe the consideration of costs and economic impacts is especially 
important for the well-controlled clay ceramics manufacturing area 
sources because, given current well-controlled levels, requiring 
additional controls would result in only marginal reductions in 
emissions at very high costs for modest incremental improvement in 
control for this area source category. We explain below in detail our 
proposed GACT determinations.
1. GACT for Kilns
    As noted previously, we are not aware of any APCD used by clay 
ceramics manufacturing area source facilities to control emissions from 
kilns, but most, if not all, clay ceramics kilns firing glazed ceramic 
ware are fired with natural gas or some other clean-burning, low-HAP 
fuel (e.g., propane). Based on the available information for all types 
and sizes of kilns in this industry, we are not aware of any add-on 
control techniques being used to reduce PM emissions from kilns. 
Consequently, we determined GACT for kilns to be using natural gas, or 
an equivalent fuel, for all firing of glazed ceramic ware. For 
simplicity, we are proposing GACT for all kilns that fire glazed 
ceramic ware at a given facility and not differentiating between the 
subcategories identified in the following sections of this preamble 
involving glazing operations. There are no differences in control 
equipment or control levels associated with kilns firing different 
amounts of glazed ceramic ware; therefore, GACT is the same for all 
kilns.
    As noted previously, clay ceramics manufacturing facilities also 
maintain the peak firing temperatures of their kilns firing glazed 
ceramic ware well below the volatilization temperatures of the clay 
ceramics metal HAP in their spray glazes. For those clay ceramics metal 
HAP that would be present in the kiln exhaust, the lowest 
volatilization temperature is approximately 1740[deg]C (3160[deg]F) for 
lead. Based on available information, the highest peak firing 
temperature used in the clay ceramics manufacturing industry is 
approximately 1370[deg]C (2500[deg]F). In order to keep peak firing 
temperatures well below the volatilization temperatures for the 
relevant clay ceramics metal HAP, we are conservatively proposing GACT 
as requiring that facilities maintain the peak firing temperatures of 
their kilns firing glazed ceramic ware below 1540[deg]C (2800[deg]F).
2. GACT for Glaze Spray Booths at Facilities with Wet Glaze Usage Above 
227 Mg/yr (250 tpy)
    All of the known area source facilities above the threshold of 227 
Mg/yr (250 tpy) with atomized spray glaze operations are controlled for 
PM emissions (e.g., water-wash system or wet scrubber). Many of the 
glaze spray systems and associated control equipment are custom-
designed and -built, depending on product type/size and glaze 
application spray rates. We lack empirical data for a majority of the 
facilities in this subcategory for performance testing or actual 
emission rates associated with spray glaze booths.
    In evaluating GACT options, we found that major source clay 
ceramics manufacturing facilities also utilize similar PM controls on 
their spray glazing operations. Based on the existing operating permit 
requirements for clay ceramics facilities, we found a variety of 
formats and units, e.g., percent opacity, allowable PM or 
PM10 emission rates (pounds per hour (lbs/hr) or tpy), 
percent removal efficiency, and outlet concentrations (grains per dry 
standard cubic foot (gr/dscf)). While these requirements cover a wide 
range of spray glazing processes and products, we believe that they 
achieve a similar level of control and are generally available. (See 
technical memorandum in the docket for more details on spray booth 
permit requirements and estimated clay ceramics metal HAP emissions). 
Therefore, we determined GACT for the subcategory for glaze spray 
booths at facilities with wet glaze usage above 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) to 
be an equipment requirement: wet control systems for PM emissions. Per 
the legislative history, a management practice in the form of an 
equipment requirement is an appropriate standard under section 
112(d)(5).
3. GACT for Glaze Spray Booths at Facilities with Wet Glaze Usage At or 
Below 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy)
    Area source facilities at or below the threshold of 227 Mg/yr (250 
tpy) typically practice waste minimization in their glazing operations 
to minimize glaze cost and cleanup downtime. We evaluated the potential 
costs and emission reductions for APCD for facilities with lower glaze 
usage and found the cost effectiveness to be unreasonable, e.g., 
average cost of approximately $71,000/Mg ($64,000/ton) of PM and $10 
million/Mg ($9 million/ton) of metal HAP. Therefore, for the 
subcategory for glaze spray booths at facilities with wet glaze usage 
at or below 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy), we

[[Page 53843]]

determined GACT for spray glaze operations to be waste minimization 
practices.

E. What are the proposed requirements for area sources?

1. Applicability and Compliance Dates
    The proposed standards would apply to any new or existing affected 
source at a clay ceramics manufacturing facility that is an area source 
and uses more than 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) of clay. The affected source 
includes all kilns that fire glazed ceramic ware and all atomized spray 
glaze operations located at such a facility.
    The owner or operator of an existing affected source would have to 
comply with the standards by the date of promulgation of the final 
rule. The owner or operator of a new affected source would be required 
to comply with the standards by the date of promulgation of the final 
rule, or upon startup, whichever is later.
2. Proposed Standards
    For each kiln firing glazed ceramic ware, the proposed standards 
would require the facility owner or operator to maintain the kiln peak 
temperature below 1540[deg]C (2800[deg]F) and either use natural gas, 
or an equivalent clean-burning fuel, as the kiln fuel. The facility 
owner or operator would also have the option of using an electric-
powered kiln.
    The requirements for atomized spray glaze operations at clay 
ceramic manufacturing area source facilities differ depending on 
whether a facility has annual wet glaze usage above or below 227 Mg/yr 
(250 tpy). Consequently, we are proposing that the facility owner or 
operator maintain annual wet glaze usage records in order to document 
whether they are above or below 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) wet glaze usage.
    For each atomized spray glaze operation located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility that uses more than 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) of wet 
glaze(s), the proposed standards would require the facility owner or 
operator to have an APCD on their glazing operations and operate and 
maintain the control device according to the equipment manufacturer's 
specifications. As a pollution prevention alternative to this proposed 
requirement, we are also providing the option to use glazes containing 
less than 0.1 (weight) percent clay ceramics metal HAP for those 
facilities above the threshold, which is expected to provide emissions 
reductions equivalent or greater than those obtained using PM controls.
    For each atomized spray glaze operation located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility that uses 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) or less of wet 
glaze(s), the proposed standards would require the facility owner or 
operator to employ waste minimization practices in their glazing 
operations. As an alternative to this proposed requirement, we are also 
providing the option to comply with the equipment standard or 
management practices for facilities with glaze usage greater than 227 
Mg/yr (250 tpy) the threshold (i.e., PM controls or the use of glazes 
containing less than 0.1 (weight) percent clay ceramics metal HAP), 
which is expected to provide emissions reductions equivalent or greater 
than those obtained using waste minimization practices.
3. Proposed Compliance Requirements
    Initial compliance demonstration requirements. The owner or 
operator would be required to include compliance certifications for the 
proposed standards in their Notification of Compliance Status. For any 
wet spray glaze operations controlled with an APCD, an initial 
inspection of the control equipment must be conducted within 60 days of 
the compliance date and the results of the inspection included in the 
Notification of Compliance Status.
    Monitoring requirements. For each kiln firing glazed ceramic ware, 
the proposed standards would require the owner or operator to conduct a 
check of the kiln peak firing temperature on a daily basis. If the peak 
firing temperature exceeds 1540 [deg]C (2800 [deg]F), the owner or 
operator would be required to take corrective action according to the 
facility's standard operating procedures.
    Based on available permit information, there are several clay 
ceramic manufacturing area source facilities with weekly monitoring 
requirements associated with APCD used for PM emissions. For all 
sources that operate one or more APCD for their atomized spray glaze 
operations, we are proposing daily and weekly visual APCD inspections, 
daily EPA Method 22 visible emissions (VE) tests, or an EPA-approved 
alternative monitoring program to ensure that the APCD is kept in a 
satisfactory state of maintenance and repair and continues to operate 
effectively.
    The owner or operator would be allowed to use existing operating 
permit documentation to meet the monitoring requirements, provided it 
includes the necessary monitoring records (e.g., the date, place, and 
time of the monitoring; the person conducting the monitoring; the 
monitoring technique or method; the operating conditions during 
monitoring; and the monitoring results).
    Notification and recordkeeping requirements. We are proposing that 
affected sources submit Initial Notifications and Notifications of 
Compliance Status under this proposed rule because they are consistent 
with the part 63 General Provisions and are needed to identify the 
affected sources subject to the standards and confirm the compliance 
status of the sources. To ensure that facilities have sufficient time 
to submit the notifications once the rule was promulgated, we are 
proposing that facilities submit the notifications 120 days after the 
promulgation date. (The promulgation date is also the compliance date 
for this rule.) The submittal date for the notifications is based on 
the requirement for submitting Initial Notifications specified in the 
part 63 General Provisions.
    We are soliciting information on any control technologies or 
management practices used to limit emissions of PM or metal HAP from 
clay ceramics manufacturing area sources and any cost information 
associated with such control approaches. We also request comment on 
GACT and the proposed standards.

IV. Proposed Area Source NESHAP for Glass Manufacturing

A. What area source category is affected by the proposed rule?

    The glass manufacturing area source category consists of plants 
that operate one or more glass melting furnaces that produce at least 
45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) of glass and are charged with one or more of the 
glass manufacturing metal HAP.
    Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing was listed as 
an area source category on June 26, 2002 (67 FR 43112). The inclusion 
of this source category on the area source category list was based on 
emissions of the six glass manufacturing metal HAP. These HAP are 
emitted from glass melting furnaces.
    The proposed glass manufacturing rule would apply to manufacturers 
producing glass by melting a mixture of minerals and other compounds, 
then cooling the melt in a manner that prevents it from crystallizing. 
The primary constituent of all glass is silica, but most glass contains 
several other minerals and substances. Examples include soda ash, 
potash, limestone, feldspar, potassium nitrate, boric acid, iron oxide, 
and sodium nitrate. Metal oxides can be included in the glass 
manufacturing formulation to produce colored or tinted glass. Some 
examples include iron oxide, chromium oxide,

[[Page 53844]]

cobalt oxide, nickel, and selenium. Other compounds, such as lead oxide 
and arsenic compounds, can be added to enhance or modify the final 
product. Recycled glass, also known as cullet, is a primary ingredient 
of many glass formulations.
    Glass manufacturing plants can be broadly classified by product 
type as one of the following: Flat glass, container glass, or pressed 
and blown glass. Flat glass includes plate glass used for building 
windows and automobile windshields. Container glass includes soda, 
beer, and wine bottles, jars, and other glass containers. Pressed and 
blown glass includes a wide variety of products such as light bulbs, 
glass tubing, optical glass, glass cooking ware, and industrial 
glassware.
    As noted previously, the glass manufacturing area source category 
was listed based on emissions of the six glass manufacturing metal HAP. 
The Section 112(k) inventory included emissions of these metal HAP from 
glass manufacturing plants that use compounds of one or more of the 
metal HAP as raw materials that are added to the glass manufacturing 
formulation to impart specific characteristics to the final glass 
product. We estimate that there currently are 21 such plants in 
operation in the U.S., and these 21 plants comprise the glass 
manufacturing area source category.

B. What are the production processes and emission points at facilities 
that manufacture glass?

    Regardless of the type of glass, the process of manufacturing glass 
entails batch measuring and mixing raw materials in specified 
proportions, charging the raw material batch mix into a furnace, where 
it is melted to form molten glass, forming the molten glass into the 
desired shapes, and finishing and packaging the final product.
    Compounds of the glass manufacturing metal HAP are incorporated 
into glass manufacturing batch formulations to either color, tint, or 
impart certain characteristics, such as clarity and brilliance, to the 
final glass product. Lead oxide is used as a clarifier, former, 
stabilizer, and for radiation shielding in glass. Arsenic is used as a 
fining agent to facilitate the removal of bubbles from molten glass. 
The other four glass manufacturing metal HAP compounds are used 
primarily to color or tint the glass.
    Other metal HAP may also be emitted from glass manufacturing 
furnaces. These include antimony, selenium, and cobalt. Although the 
source category was not listed for these other metal HAP, the air 
pollution controls used to obtain reductions of the glass manufacturing 
metal HAP also reduce emissions of other metal HAP where they are used 
in the same process.
1. Selection of Source Category
    Although listed originally as ``Pressed and Blown Glass and 
Glassware Manufacturing,'' the Glass Manufacturing area source category 
listing was based upon data from all of the three primary sectors of 
the glass manufacturing industry: Flat glass, container glass, and 
pressed and blown glass. We are clarifying that the Glass Manufacturing 
area source category includes any glass manufacturing facility that 
operates one or more furnaces which produce at least 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) 
of glass per furnace and use the glass manufacturing metal HAP 
compounds as raw materials, regardless of the type of glass product 
manufactured. This clarification does not change the universe of 
sources that were the basis of the original listing notice.
2. Selection of Affected Sources
    The affected source includes glass manufacturing furnaces that meet 
two criteria: The furnaces are charged with one or more of the glass 
manufacturing metal HAP as raw materials, and the furnaces have annual 
production rates of at least 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy). We selected furnaces as 
the affected source because glass melting furnaces emit the HAP for 
which this source category was listed pursuant to sections 112(c)(3) 
and (k)(3)(B) (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, and 
nickel).

C. How was GACT determined?

    While most of the facilities that would be subject to the proposed 
rule have good operational controls in place to control emissions of 
glass manufacturing metal HAP, a few facilities would have to install 
emission controls or change their glass formulation to meet the 
emission limits in the proposed rule. We considered costs and economic 
impacts in determining GACT and found that the cost effectiveness of 
reducing PM-10 using add-on control is excellent for PM as well as for 
reducing glass manufacturing metal HAP. While we believe the 
consideration of costs and economic impacts is important for area 
sources, we found that the emission reductions achieved by the proposed 
rule were compelling. Our analyses show that the proposed rule would 
result in substantial reductions in emissions at reasonable costs for 
this area source category, achieving 28 tons per year reductions in 
glass manufacturing metal HAP and 415 tons per year reductions in PM. 
We explain below in detail our proposed GACT determinations.
1. Background
    Section 112(d)(5) of the CAA allows us to develop area source 
standards based on GACT. In identifying GACT for the affected sources 
in the Glass Manufacturing area source category, we compiled data on 
existing glass manufacturing plants through a series of site visits, a 
Section 114 information collection request (ICR), operating permits and 
permit applications, emission inventory reports, emission test reports, 
published reports on the industry, and databases such as the Toxic 
Release Inventory and National Emission Inventory (NEI) databases. 
Detailed data on approximately 80 glass manufacturing plants were 
compiled in a database, which we then used for subsequent analyses to 
determine GACT.
    The data compiled on existing glass manufacturing facilities 
included permit limits for PM emissions for approximately 150 furnaces. 
When converted to a common format (e.g., pounds per ton (lbs/ton)) the 
data show a wide range in PM emission limits. To meet the most 
stringent PM emission limits specified in title V permits, plants 
typically use electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) or fabric filters.
    The data also show that many existing glass furnaces are subject to 
40 CFR 60, subpart CC, Standards of Performance for Glass Manufacturing 
Plants (Glass NSPS). The Glass NSPS establishes emission limits for PM 
and applies to all glass manufacturing plants constructed or modified 
since 1980 that produce or have the design capacity to produce at least 
4,550 kilograms (kg) (about 5 tons) of glass in one day. Depending on 
the glass recipe, fuel, and process used, the NSPS limits range from 
0.2 to 2.0 lbs of PM/ton of glass produced. To comply with the NSPS, 
plants typically use ESP, fabric filters, or process modifications. 
Based on the data compiled, approximately 40 percent of container glass 
furnaces, 50 percent of flat glass furnaces, and 25 percent of pressed 
and blown glass furnaces are subject to the NSPS.
2. Selection of PM as a Surrogate for Glass Manufacturing Metal HAP
    For glass manufacturing furnaces that are charged with any of the 
glass manufacturing metal HAP as raw materials, PM emissions contain 
those glass manufacturing metal HAP, and emissions control equipment 
that is

[[Page 53845]]

designed and operated to control PM emissions also control emissions of 
the glass manufacturing metal HAP. Furthermore, many glass 
manufacturing plants have title V operating permits that require PM 
emissions controls and establish emissions limits for PM. For these 
reasons, we are proposing to establish standards using PM as a 
surrogate for the glass manufacturing metal HAP. Controlling PM 
emissions will control emissions of the glass manufacturing metal HAP 
since the metals are contained within the PM--they are in the 
particulate form as opposed to the gaseous form. Particulate matter 
controls used at existing glass manufacturing plants are the same 
controls available to control particulate metal HAP such as the six 
glass manufacturing metal HAP. These controls capture particulate metal 
HAP non-preferentially along with other PM, thus making PM a reasonable 
surrogate for the metal HAP. We have used this approach in several 
other NESHAP in which PM was determined to be a surrogate for the metal 
HAP in the PM.
3. Selection of Emission Factor Format
    The data compiled on existing glass manufacturing facilities 
included permit limits for PM emissions for approximately 150 furnaces. 
The permit limits are expressed in a variety of formats (units), such 
as emission factors or production-based mass emission rates (e.g., lbs 
emitted per ton of glass produced), emission concentrations (e.g., gr/
dscf of exhaust), and emission rates (e.g., lbs/hr). Due to the wide 
range in furnace sizes, we are proposing to use the emission factor 
format because this format normalizes emissions as a function of 
production rate. Furthermore, of the 150 permit limits reviewed, the 
permits for 55 furnaces specified emission limits in the format of an 
emission factor. In addition, the Glass NSPS specifies emission limits 
as emission factors.
4. Selection of GACT for Glass Melting Furnaces
    In evaluating GACT for the glass manufacturing area source 
category, we reviewed the available data for glass melting furnaces 
that have installed emission controls to reduce emissions of PM and 
metal HAP. Electrostatic precipitators are by far the most commonly 
used device for controlling emissions of PM or metal HAP from glass 
furnaces. Among the furnaces that produce glass using metal HAP 
compounds as raw materials, approximately 35 percent are controlled 
with ESPs. This includes all of the controlled furnaces in the flat 
glass and container glass sectors that are charged with metal HAP. For 
furnaces in the pressed and blown glass sector that produce glass using 
metal HAP, approximately 38 percent are controlled with ESPs and 24 
percent are controlled with fabric filters.
    The available test data on controlled emissions of PM and/or metal 
HAP from furnaces were reviewed. The resulting data set includes the 
results from 19 tests of PM emissions on ESP-controlled furnaces. The 
emission factors developed from the data ranged from 0.032 to 0.25 lb 
PM/ton of glass produced, and the average emission factor was 
determined to be 0.11 lb PM/ton of glass produced. In order to 
establish an emission limit representing the variation in normal 
process operation and emissions from a well-controlled glass furnace, 
we utilized a statistical approach by calculating the 99th percentile 
of the data set. This resulted in a PM emission limit of 0.2 lb/ton.
    As an alternative to expressing the identified limit in terms of 
PM, we evaluated expressing the limit in terms of an equivalent 
emission limit for metal HAP. In this regard, we reviewed the available 
data on controlled furnaces that were charged with the glass 
manufacturing metal HAP as raw materials. The resulting data set 
included the results from 15 emission tests. The emission factors 
developed from the data ranged from 0.0001 to 0.023 lb metal HAP/ton 
and averaged 0.008 lb metal HAP/ton. Applying the same methodology that 
we used to determine the PM emission limit for GACT, we developed GACT 
in terms of an equivalent metal HAP emission limit to be 0.02 lb metal 
HAP/ton of glass produced. We consider the PM emission factor of 0.2 
lb/ton of glass produced and the glass manufacturing metal HAP emission 
factor of 0.02 lb/ton of glass produced to be equivalent measures of 
GACT for well-controlled glass manufacturing furnaces.
    The estimated cost effectiveness for requiring furnaces charged 
with glass manufacturing metal HAP to meet the 0.2 lb/ton PM emission 
limit ranges from approximately $2,000 to $6,300 per ton of PM removed. 
In terms of metal HAP removed, the cost effectiveness of meeting the 
0.2 lb/ton PM emission limit depends largely on the amount of metal HAP 
included in the batch formulation. For example, for furnaces that 
produce glass containing 30 percent lead, the cost effectiveness would 
be approximately $6,500 per ton of metal HAP removed. However, some 
facilities produce glass using metal HAP in very small amounts; some 
plants also use a glass manufacturing formulation that retains most of 
the metal HAP in the glass product. In both cases, the cost 
effectiveness for installing controls to meet the proposed 0.2 lb/ton 
PM emission limit could exceed several million dollars per ton of metal 
HAP removed. In such cases, the equivalent metal HAP emission limit of 
0.02 lb/ton would allow plants to comply with the proposed rule by 
using glass formulations with very low metal HAP emissions.
    Our GACT determinations reflect the levels of emissions reductions 
that are being achieved by well-controlled sources, and we have 
concluded that the proposed rule would achieve significant reductions 
of metal HAP and PM when applied to this source category. We considered 
the costs and economic impacts of the proposed emission limits. We also 
considered whether an emission limit more stringent than the 0.2 lb PM/
ton or 0.02 lb metal HAP/ton could be achieved by facilities using the 
technologies described above. We are proposing that requiring more 
stringent emission limits would not result in significantly greater 
emission reductions than what we project the proposed rule would 
achieve. Requiring additional controls would result in only marginal 
reductions of emissions at very high costs for modest incremental 
improvement in control for this area source category.

D. What are the proposed requirements for area sources?

1. Applicability and Compliance Dates
    The proposed NESHAP would apply to any glass manufacturing plant 
that is an area source of HAP emissions and operates one or more 
furnaces which produce at least 50 tpy of glass per furnace by melting 
a mixture of raw materials that includes compounds of one or more of 
the glass manufacturing metal HAP.
    Under this proposed rule, the compliance date for existing sources 
would be 2 years following promulgation of the final rule. However, 
owners or operators of affected sources could request an extension of 
an additional one year to comply with the proposed rule, as allowed 
under section 112(i)(3)(B) of the CAA and under Sec.  63.6(i)(4)(A), if 
the additional time is needed to install emission controls. The request 
for an extension of the compliance date would have to be submitted to 
the permitting agency no later than 12 months prior to the compliance 
date. In addition, the owner or operator would have to apply for a 
revision of the facility's title V permit to

[[Page 53846]]

incorporate the conditions of the compliance date extension. The 
compliance date for new or reconstructed sources would be the date of 
promulgation of the final rule or the startup date for the source, 
whichever is later. The compliance date for facilities with no affected 
sources at the time of promulgation and which later change processes or 
increase production and trigger applicability of the proposed rule, 
would be 2 years following the date on which the facility made the 
process changes or increased production and thereby became subject to 
the proposed NESHAP.
2. Proposed Standards for New, Existing, and Reconstructed Sources
    This proposed rule would require new and existing affected furnace 
to comply with a PM emission limit of 0.2 lb/ton of glass produced or 
an equivalent metal HAP emission limit of 0.02 lb/ton of glass 
produced. We selected these emission limits based on GACT for glass 
manufacturing furnaces, as explained in Section IV.C. of this preamble.
3. Initial Testing Requirements
    The proposed rule would require an initial one-time performance 
test on each affected furnace unless the furnace had been tested during 
the previous 5 years, and the previous test demonstrated compliance 
with the emission limits in this proposed rule using the same test 
methods and procedures specified in this proposed rule. The initial 
performance test is needed to demonstrate that affected sources meet 
the emission limits.
    To demonstrate compliance with the PM emission limits, the proposed 
rule would require testing using Methods 5 or 17. Method 5 is a 
standard method for measuring PM and is the test method specified in 
the Glass NSPS. Method 17 is a standard alternative method for PM where 
in-stack testing is appropriate. To meet the metal HAP emission limit, 
plants would be required to test using Method 29, which is the standard 
method for measuring any metal HAP.
4. Monitoring Requirements
    Under the proposed rule, the owner or operator of an existing 
affected glass furnace that is controlled with an ESP would be required 
to monitor the secondary voltage and secondary electrical current to 
each field of the ESP continuously and record the results at least once 
every 8 hours. This proposed rule would require the owner or operator 
of a new or reconstructed affected furnace equipped with an ESP to 
install and operate one or more continuous parameter monitoring systems 
to continuously measure and record the secondary voltage and electrical 
current to each field of the ESP. We selected these parameter 
monitoring requirements because secondary voltage and secondary 
electrical current are reliable indicators of ESP performance. Either 
of these parameters dropping below established levels provides an 
indication that the electrical power to the ESP field in question has 
decreased and collection efficiency may have decreased accordingly.
    The proposed rule would require owners or operators of an existing 
affected glass furnace that is controlled with a fabric filter to 
monitor the fabric filter inlet temperature continuously and record the 
results at least once every 8 hours. We selected this monitoring 
requirement because it is important to ensure that the exhaust gas 
temperature does not exceed the maximum allowable temperature for the 
filter bags. This proposed rule would require the owner or operator of 
a new or reconstructed affected furnace that is equipped with a fabric 
filter to install and operate a bag leak detector. Bag leak detectors 
provide a reliable and cost-effective indicator of tears and other 
damage to fabric filter bags.
    As an alternative to monitoring ESP secondary voltage and 
electrical current or fabric filter inlet temperature, owners or 
operators of affected furnaces equipped with either of these control 
devices would have the option of requesting alternative monitoring, as 
allowed under Sec.  63.8(f). The alternative monitoring request would 
have to include a description of the monitoring device or monitoring 
method that would be used; instrument location; inspection procedures; 
quality assurance and quality control measures; the parameters that 
would be monitored; and the frequency with which the operating 
parameter values would be measured and recorded. The owner or operator 
of an affected furnace that is equipped with a control device other 
than an ESP or fabric filter, or that uses other methods to reduce 
emissions, would be required to submit a request for alternative 
monitoring, as described in Sec.  63.8(f).
5. Control Device Inspections
    Under this proposed rule, the owner or operator of an affected 
furnace would be required to conduct initial and periodic inspections 
of the furnace control device. For fabric filters, the proposed rule 
would require annual inspections of the ductwork, housing, and fabric 
filter interior. For ESP, the proposed rule would require annual 
inspections of the ductwork, hopper, and housing, and inspections of 
the ESP interior every 2 years.
6. Notification and Recordkeeping Requirements
    Under this proposal, owners and operators of all affected glass 
manufacturing plants that operate at least one furnace that produces at 
least 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) of glass using any of the glass manufacturing 
metal HAP as raw materials would be required to submit an Initial 
Notification, as required under Sec.  63.9(b). Any facility with an 
affected source would also have to submit a Notification of Compliance 
Status, as specified in Sec.  63.9(h).
    Owners and operators of glass manufacturing facilities would be 
required to keep records of all notifications, as well as supporting 
documentation for the notifications. In addition, they would be 
required to keep records of performance tests; parameter monitoring 
data; monitoring system audits and evaluations; operation and 
maintenance of control devices and monitoring systems; control device 
inspections; and glass manufacturing batch formulation and production.
    We selected the requirement for submitting Initial Notifications 
and Notifications of Compliance Status under this proposed rule because 
these requirements are specified in the part 63 General Provisions 
(subpart A). The specific recordkeeping requirements were selected 
because they are consistent with the part 63 General Provisions and are 
needed to document compliance with the requirements of this proposed 
rule.

V. Proposed Area Source NESHAP for Secondary Nonferrous Metals 
Processing

A. What area source category is affected by the proposed rule?

    Secondary nonferrous metals processing facilities are facilities 
that use furnaces to melt post-consumer nonferrous metal scrap to make 
products including bars, ingots, blocks, and metal powders. The 
Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source category consists of 
brass and bronze ingot makers, secondary magnesium processors, and 
secondary zinc processors. This area source category was listed 
pursuant to the Urban Air Toxics Strategy (67 FR 43112, June 26, 2002) 
due to the emissions of the urban HAP arsenic, chromium, lead, 
manganese, and nickel, all of which are metal HAP.

[[Page 53847]]

    In May 2006, we sent an ICR to 98 secondary nonferrous metal 
processing facilities identified by TRI, NEI and Internet searches, as 
well as contact with trade associations. Of the 98 facilities receiving 
the ICR, the ICR was determined to be applicable to 10 facilities. 
Therefore there are 10 facilities in this area source category. These 
facilities include brass and bronze ingot makers, secondary magnesium 
processors, and secondary zinc processors. Reasons for why the ICR was 
not applicable to many facilities that received the initial ICR mailing 
included: (1) The facilities were no longer operating, (2) the 
facilities were included in another secondary nonferrous category such 
as secondary lead, secondary aluminum, or secondary copper, (3) the 
facilities reported no emissions of the urban HAP arsenic, chromium, 
lead, manganese, or nickel, (4) the facilities processed ferrous 
material, or (5) the facilities performed no urban HAP-emitting 
processing operations (e.g., scrap wholesalers).

B. What are the production processes and emissions points at facilities 
that process secondary nonferrous metals?

    Basic production processes at secondary nonferrous metals 
processing facilities are: (1) Material handling and pretreatment, 
which may include crushing and screening operations, (2) metal charging 
and melting, (3) metal pouring and cooling, (4) removal of cooled metal 
from molds, and (5) finishing.
    Brass and bronze ingot makers include facilities where secondary 
copper scrap (e.g., number 1 copper scrap) is used to supplement copper 
alloy scrap that is remelted and poured into ingots. Furnaces used in 
secondary brass and bronze ingot making include natural gas-fired 
rotary kilns and electric induction furnaces.
    Furnaces used in brass and bronze ingot making emit PM containing 
metals. The PM emissions are totally dependent upon the incoming scrap 
metal which may contain the following urban HAP: lead and smaller 
amounts of cadmium, nickel, and manganese. In some brass and bronze 
ingot making processes, exhaust gases are drawn through a quench 
chamber to cool the gases prior to entering the baghouses to prevent 
the gases from damaging or destroying the bag filters.
    Furnaces in secondary magnesium processing emit PM which may 
contain the urban HAP manganese. Furnaces used in secondary magnesium 
processing include natural gas-fired crucibles and electric induction 
furnaces. One secondary magnesium processor is currently in operation 
in the U.S. and that facility is equipped with a baghouse on the 
furnace exhaust.
    Secondary zinc processors also emit PM that may contain lead during 
crushing and screening operations and melting operations. Furnaces used 
in secondary zinc processing include natural gas-fired kettle, 
crucible, and retort furnaces and electric induction furnaces.
    Furnace distillation with oxidation produces zinc oxide dust. 
Distillation involves vaporization of zinc at temperatures from 982 to 
1249 [deg]C (1800 to 2280 [deg]F). The zinc vapor discharges directly 
into an air stream leading to a refractory-lined combustion chamber. 
Excess air completes the oxidation and cools the zinc oxide dust which 
is then collected in a fabric filter as the final product. Because the 
zinc oxide dust is the product, well-performing fabric filters are used 
to optimize product recovery.
    According to the information we received, emissions from furnace 
operations at the secondary nonferrous metals processing facilities and 
secondary zinc crushing and screening operations are all currently 
controlled by fabric filters or baghouses, and the collection 
efficiency of these fabric filters or baghouses during normal 
operations all exceed 99 percent.
1. Selection of Affected Source
    Affected source means the collection of equipment and processes in 
the source category or subcategory to which the subpart applies. The 
affected source may be the same collection of equipment and processes 
as the source category or it may be a subset of the source category. 
For each rule, we must decide which individual pieces of equipment and 
processes warrant standards in the context of the CAA section 112 
requirements and the industry operating practices.
    We are proposing to designate as the affected source in this 
proposed area source NESHAP all secondary nonferrous metal HAP-emitting 
operations at brass and ingot making, secondary magnesium processing, 
and secondary zinc processing facilities. Specifically, based on data 
from ICR responses, we are designating as the affected source all 
crushing or screening operations at secondary zinc processing 
facilities and furnace melting operations at all secondary nonferrous 
metal processing facilities. This proposed rule includes requirements 
for the control of emissions from all crushing or screening operations 
at secondary zinc processing facilities and furnace melting operations 
at all secondary nonferrous metal processing facilities.
2. Selection of Pollutants
    For this proposed rule, we decided that it was impractical to 
establish individual standards for each specific secondary nonferrous 
metal HAP that could be present in the various processes (e.g., 
separate standards arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel). 
Establishing separate standards for each individual metal HAP would 
impose costly and significantly more complex compliance and monitoring 
requirements.
    All of the urban HAP emitted by sources in this area source 
category are metal HAP. When released, each of these secondary 
nonferrous metal HAP compounds behaves as PM. Accordingly, standards 
requiring good control of PM (e.g., requiring a baghouse) will also 
effectively control the secondary nonferrous metal HAP emissions from 
sources in this area source category. Based on these considerations, we 
are proposing standards for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing 
based on control of total PM as a surrogate pollutant for the 
individual secondary nonferrous metal HAP.
    A sufficient correlation exists between PM and these secondary 
nonferrous metal HAP to rely on PM as a surrogate for both the presence 
of the HAP and for their control. When released, each of the secondary 
nonferrous metal HAP compounds behaves as PM. The control technologies 
used for the control of PM emissions achieve comparable levels of 
performance on the individual secondary nonferrous metal HAP.
    Further, as previously mentioned, the amount of secondary 
nonferrous metal HAP emissions from brass and bronze ingot making, 
secondary magnesium processing, and secondary zinc processing can vary 
depending on the HAP content in the incoming scrap metals. Because of 
the inherent variability and unpredictability of the HAP compositions 
and amounts in incoming scrap material, it is difficult to establish 
individual numerical emissions for each secondary nonferrous metal HAP.

C. How was GACT determined?

    All of the facilities in this source category have good operational 
controls in-place and most incoming materials contain small quantities 
of secondary nonferrous metal HAP. We evaluated the control 
technologies and management practices that reduce HAP emissions that 
are generally available for the secondary nonferrous metals

[[Page 53848]]

processing area source category. We also considered costs and economic 
impacts in determining GACT. We believe the consideration of costs and 
economic impacts is especially important for the well-controlled 
secondary nonferrous metals processing area sources because, given 
current well-controlled levels, requiring an additional level of 
control would result in only marginal reductions in emissions at very 
high costs for modest incremental improvement in control for this area 
source category. We explain below in detail our proposed GACT 
determinations.
1. GACT for Existing Sources
    In identifying GACT for existing affected sources in the Secondary 
Nonferrous Metals Processing area source category, we considered the 
available data on the 10 existing facilities. In their ICR responses, 
these facilities reported using baghouses on crushing or screening 
operations at secondary zinc facilities and on furnace melting 
operations at all facilities and that such baghouses performed at a PM 
collection efficiency of at least 99 percent or achieved an outlet 
concentration of at least 0.050 grams per dry standard cubic meter 
(0.022 gr/dscf) where collection efficiency was not reported.
    We are proposing using a baghouse or fabric filter that achieves a 
PM control efficiency of at least 99 percent as GACT for existing 
sources because we determined that this level of control is generally 
available, is cost effective, and is effective for controlling 
emissions of PM and secondary nonferrous metal HAP.
2. GACT for New Sources
    In identifying GACT for new affected sources in the Secondary 
Nonferrous Metals Processing area source category, we considered the 
available data on the 10 existing facilities. The best performing 
facilities reported that each baghouse used at their facilities 
performed at a PM collection efficiency of at least 99.5 percent.
    We contacted baghouse manufacturers to gather information on design 
parameters and performance for new baghouse installations in the 
secondary nonferrous metals processing industry. Furthermore, we also 
considered the performance of baghouses at similar sources (e.g., 
melting furnaces used in other industries).
    Based on available data on the 10 existing facilities, contact with 
baghouse manufacturers, and consideration of baghouse performance at 
similar sources, we are proposing using a baghouse or fabric filter 
that achieves a PM control efficiency of at least 99.5 percent as GACT 
for new affected sources.

D. What are the proposed requirements for area sources?

1. Applicability and Compliance Dates
    The proposed standards would apply to any new or existing affected 
source at an area source secondary nonferrous metals processing 
facility. The affected source includes all crushing or screening 
operations at a secondary zinc processing facility and all furnace 
melting operations located at a secondary nonferrous metals processing 
facility.
    The owner or operator of an existing affected source would have to 
comply with the standards by the date of promulgation of the final 
rule. The owner or operator of a new affected source would be required 
to comply with the standards by the date of promulgation of the final 
rule, or upon initial startup, whichever is later.
2. Proposed Standards
    The proposed standards would require the owner or operator of an 
existing affected source to route the emissions from the affected 
source through a fabric filter or baghouse that achieves a control 
efficiency of at least 99.0 percent.
    The proposed standards would require the owner or operator of a new 
affected source to route the emissions from the affected source through 
a fabric filter or baghouse that achieves a control efficiency of at 
least 99.5 percent.
3. Proposed Compliance Requirements
    Performance test requirements. The owner or operator of any 
existing or new affected source would be required to conduct a one-time 
initial performance test on the affected source. Existing affected 
sources that were tested within the past 5 years of the compliance date 
would be exempt from this one-time test if the test were conducted 
using the same procedures specified in the proposed standards and 
either no process changes had been made since the test, or the owner or 
operator must demonstrate that the results of the performance test, 
with or without adjustments, reliably demonstrated compliance despite 
process changes.
    Existing and new affected sources would have to be tested using 
Methods 5 or 17. Method 5 is a standard method for measuring PM and 
Method 17 is a standard alternative method for PM where in-stack 
testing is appropriate.
    Initial compliance demonstration requirements. The owner or 
operator of any existing or new affected source would be required to 
include initial compliance certifications for the proposed standard in 
their Notification of Compliance Status.
    The owner or operator of each existing and new affected source 
would be required to conduct an initial inspection of each baghouse. 
The owner or operator would be required to visually inspect the system 
ductwork and baghouse unit for leaks and inspect the inside of each 
baghouse for structural integrity and fabric filter condition. The 
owner or operator would be required to record the results of the 
inspection and any maintenance action taken.
    For each installed baghouse which has been operated within 60 days 
of the compliance date, the owner or operator would be required to 
conduct the initial inspection no later than 60 days after the 
applicable compliance date. For an installed baghouse which has not 
been operated within 60 days of the compliance date, the owner or 
operator would be required to conduct an initial inspection prior to 
startup of the baghouse.
    An initial inspection of the internal components of a baghouse is 
not required if an inspection has been performed within the past 12 
months.
    Monitoring requirements. For existing affected sources, the owner 
or operator would be required to conduct either daily EPA Method 22 VE 
tests or weekly visual inspections of the baghouse system ductwork for 
leaks, as well as yearly inspections of the interior of the baghouse to 
determine its structural integrity and to determine the condition of 
the fabric filter. These monitoring requirements would ensure that the 
baghouse is kept in a satisfactory state of maintenance and repair and 
continues to operate efficiently.
    For new affected sources, the owner or operator would be required 
to operate and maintain a bag leak detection system for each baghouse 
used to comply with the proposed standards. We decided to require bag 
leak detection systems because these systems can be incorporated into 
the design and operation of new sources without retrofitting, as would 
be the case if they were to be incorporate into existing sources. Bag 
leak detection systems are typical requirements in our regulations of 
new sources that are of the size and complexity as secondary nonferrous 
metals processing facilities.
    The proposed standards would require the owner or operator to keep 
records of the date, place, and time of the monitoring; the person 
conducting the monitoring; the monitoring

[[Page 53849]]

technique or method; the operating conditions during monitoring; and 
the monitoring results.
    Notification and recordkeeping requirements. We are proposing that 
affected sources submit Initial Notifications and Notifications of 
Compliance Status because they are needed to identify the affected 
sources subject to the proposed standards and to confirm the compliance 
status of the sources. To ensure that facilities have sufficient time 
to submit the notifications once the rule is promulgated, we are 
proposing that facilities submit the notifications no later than 120 
days after the compliance date for this rule. The submittal date for 
the notifications is based on the requirement for submitting Initial 
Notifications specified in the part 63 General Provisions.
    We are soliciting information on any control technologies or 
management practices used to limit emissions of PM or metal HAP from 
secondary nonferrous metals processing area sources and any cost 
information associated with such control approaches. We also request 
comment on GACT and the proposed standards.

VI. Proposed Exemption of Certain Area Source Categories From Title V 
Permitting Requirements

    We are proposing exemptions from title V permitting requirements 
for affected facilities in the clay ceramics and secondary nonferrous 
metals processing area source categories for the reasons described 
below. Glass manufacturers that would be subject to this proposed rule 
are already subject to title V requirements because they are major 
sources of PM, NOX, or both. Therefore, we are not proposing 
to exempt the glass manufacturing area source category from title V.
    Section 502(a) of the CAA provides that the Administrator may 
exempt an area source category from title V if he determines that 
compliance with title V requirements is ``impracticable, infeasible, or 
unnecessarily burdensome'' on an area source category. See CAA section 
502(a). In December 2005, in a national rulemaking, EPA interpreted the 
term ``unnecessarily burdensome'' in CAA section 502 and developed a 
four-factor balancing test for determining whether title V is 
unnecessarily burdensome for a particular area source category, such 
that an exemption from title V is appropriate. See 70 FR 75320, 
December 19, 2005 (``Exemption Rule'').
    The four factors that EPA identified in the Exemption Rule for 
determining whether title V is ``unnecessarily burdensome'' on a 
particular area source category include: (1) Whether title V would 
result in significant improvements to the compliance requirements, 
including monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting, that are proposed 
for an area source category (70 FR 75323); (2) whether title V 
permitting would impose significant burdens on the area source category 
and whether the burdens would be aggravated by any difficulty the 
sources may have in obtaining assistance from permitting agencies (70 
FR 75324); (3) whether the costs of title V permitting for the area 
source category would be justified, taking into consideration any 
potential gains in compliance likely to occur for such sources (70 FR 
75325); and (4) whether there are implementation and enforcement 
programs in place that are sufficient to assure compliance with the 
NESHAP for the area source category, without relying on title V permits 
(70 FR 75326).
    In discussing the above factors in the Exemption Rule, we explained 
that we considered on ``a case-by-case basis the extent to which one or 
more of the four factors supported title V exemptions for a given 
source category, and then we assessed whether considered together those 
factors demonstrated that compliance with title V requirements would be 
`unnecessarily burdensome' on the category, consistent with section 
502(a) of the Act.'' See 70 FR 75323. Thus, in the Exemption Rule, we 
explained that not all of the four factors must weigh in favor of 
exemption for EPA to determine that title V is unnecessarily burdensome 
for a particular area source category. Instead, the factors are to be 
considered in combination, and EPA determines whether the factors, 
taken together, support an exemption from title V for a particular 
source category.
    We examined the four factors for both of the area source categories 
that we are proposing an exemption. As explained below, after 
evaluating the relevant factors, we concluded that the requirements of 
title V would be unnecessarily burdensome on the area source categories 
for which we are proposing an exemption from title V.
    In the Exemption Rule, in addition to determining whether 
compliance with title V requirements would be unnecessarily burdensome 
on an area source category, we considered, consistent with the guidance 
provided by the legislative history of section 502(a), whether 
exempting the area source category would adversely affect public 
health, welfare or the environment. See 70 FR 15254-15255, March 25, 
2005. As discussed below in sections VI.A and VI.B of this preamble, we 
have determined that the proposed exemptions from title V would not 
adversely affect public health, welfare and the environment.

A. Clay Ceramics Manufacturing

    We compared the title V monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements (factor one) to the requirements in the proposed NESHAP 
for the Clay Ceramics Manufacturing area source category. EPA 
determined that the management practices currently used at most 
facilities is GACT, and the proposed rule requires recordkeeping that 
serves as monitoring and deviation reporting to assure compliance with 
the NESHAP. The monitoring component of the first factor favors title V 
exemption because this proposed standard provides monitoring that 
assures compliance with the requirements of the proposed rule. For 
atomized glaze spray operations, the proposed NESHAP requires the use 
of PM control systems (e.g., water-wash system or wet scrubber) or 
management practices (e.g., HVLP spray equipment); and periodic visual 
APCD inspections at existing sources; daily VE tests; or an EPA-
approved alternate monitoring program. For kilns that fire glazed 
ceramic ware, the proposed NESHAP requires management practices (i.e., 
kiln fuel and firing temperature) and a daily peak firing temperature 
check. For those compliance options involving management practices, 
monitoring other than recordkeeping is not practical or appropriate. 
Records are required to assure that the management practices are 
followed, including records of the type of air pollution control used, 
the types and quantities of wet glazes used, the type of fuel used in 
the kilns, and the kiln peak firing temperature.
    As part of the first factor, we have considered the extent to which 
title V could potentially enhance compliance for area sources covered 
by this proposed rule through recordkeeping or reporting requirements. 
We have considered the various title V recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements, including requirements for a 6-month monitoring report, 
deviation reports, and an annual certification in 40 CFR 70.6 and 71.6. 
For any affected clay ceramics manufacturing area source facility, the 
proposed NESHAP requires an initial notification and a notification of 
compliance status. The proposed clay ceramics manufacturing NESHAP also 
requires affected facilities to maintain records showing compliance 
with the required equipment standard and management practices. The 
information

[[Page 53850]]

required in the notifications and records is similar to the information 
that must be provided in the deviation reports required under 40 CFR 
70.6(a)(3) and 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3). We acknowledge that title V might 
impose additional compliance requirements on this category, but we have 
determined that the monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements of the proposed NESHAP for clay ceramics manufacturing are 
sufficient to assure compliance with the provisions of the NESHAP, and 
title V would not significantly improve those compliance requirements.
    For the second factor, we determine whether title V permitting 
would impose a significant burden on the area sources in the category 
and whether that burden would be aggravated by any difficulty the 
source may have in obtaining assistance from the permitting agency. 
Subjecting any source to title V permitting imposes certain burdens and 
costs that do not exist outside of the title V program. EPA estimated 
that the average cost of obtaining and complying with a title V permit 
was $38,500 per source for a 5-year permit period, including fees. See 
Information Collection Request for Part 70 Operating Permit 
Regulations, January 2000, EPA ICR Number 1587.05. EPA does not have 
specific estimates for the burdens and costs of permitting clay 
ceramics manufacturing area sources; however, there are certain 
activities associated with the part 70 and 71 rules. These activities 
are mandatory and impose burdens on the facility. They include reading 
and understanding permit program guidance and regulations; obtaining 
and understanding permit application forms; answering follow-up 
questions from permitting authorities after the application is 
submitted; reviewing and understanding the permit; collecting records; 
preparing and submitting monitoring reports on a 6-month or more 
frequent basis; preparing and submitting prompt deviation reports, as 
defined by the State, which may include a combination of written, 
verbal, and other communications methods; collecting information, 
preparing, and submitting the annual compliance certification; 
preparing applications for permit revisions every 5 years; and, as 
needed, preparing and submitting applications for permit revisions. In 
addition, although not required by the permit rules, many sources 
obtain the contractual services of consultants to help them understand 
and meet the permitting program's requirements. The ICR for part 70 
provides additional information on the overall burdens and costs, as 
well as the relative burdens of each activity described here. Also, for 
a more comprehensive list of requirements imposed on part 70 sources 
(hence, burden on sources), see the requirements of 40 CFR 70.3, 70.5, 
70.6, and 70.7.
    In assessing the second factor for clay ceramics manufacturing 
facilities, we found that 34 of the 51 plants affected by the proposed 
rule are small businesses, most with only 100 or fewer employees. These 
small sources lack the technical resources needed to comprehend and 
comply with permitting requirements and the financial resources needed 
to hire the necessary staff or outside consultants. As discussed above, 
title V permitting would impose significant costs on these area 
sources, and, accordingly, we conclude that title V is a significant 
burden for sources in this category. Most are small businesses with 
limited resources, and under title V they would be subject to numerous 
mandatory activities with which they would have difficulty complying, 
whether they were issued a standard or a general permit. Furthermore, 
given the number of sources in the category and the relatively small 
size of many of those sources, it would likely be difficult for them to 
obtain assistance from the permitting authority. Thus, we find that 
factor two strongly supports title V exemption for clay ceramics 
manufacturing facilities.
    The third factor, which is closely related to the second factor, is 
whether the costs of title V permitting for these area sources would be 
justified, taking into consideration any potential gains in compliance 
likely to occur for such sources. We explained above under the second 
factor that the costs of compliance with title V would impose a 
significant burden on most of the 51 clay ceramics manufacturing 
facilities affected by the proposed rule. We also concluded in 
considering the first factor that, while title V might impose 
additional requirements, the monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements in the proposed NESHAP assure compliance with the 
equipment standard and management practices imposed in the NESHAP. In 
addition, below in our consideration of the fourth factor, we find that 
there are adequate implementation and enforcement programs in place to 
assure compliance with the NESHAP. Because the costs of compliance with 
title V are so high, and the potential for gains in compliance is low, 
title V permitting is not justified for this source category. 
Accordingly, the third factor supports title V exemptions for clay 
ceramics manufacturing area sources.
    The fourth factor we considered in determining if title V is 
unnecessarily burdensome is whether there are implementation and 
enforcement programs in place that are sufficient to assure compliance 
with the NESHAP without relying on title V permits. There are State 
programs in place to enforce this area source NESHAP, and we believe 
that the State programs are sufficient to assure compliance with this 
NESHAP. We also noted that EPA retains authority to enforce this NESHAP 
anytime under CAA sections 112, 113 and 114. We further noted that 
small business assistance programs required by CAA section 507 may be 
used to assist area sources that have been exempted from title V 
permitting. Also, States and EPA often conduct voluntary compliance 
assistance, outreach, and education programs (compliance assistance 
programs), which are not required by statute. We determined that these 
additional programs will supplement and enhance the success of 
compliance with this area source NESHAP. We believe that the statutory 
requirements for implementation and enforcement of this NESHAP by the 
delegated States and EPA and the additional assistance programs 
described above together are sufficient to assure compliance with this 
area source NESHAP without title V permits.
    In applying the fourth factor in the Exemption Rule, where EPA had 
deferred action on the title V exemption for several years, we had 
enforcement data available to demonstrate that States were not only 
enforcing the provisions of the area source NESHAP that we exempted, 
but that the States were also providing compliance assistance to assure 
that the area sources were in the best position to comply with the 
NESHAP. See 70 FR 75325-75326. In proposing this rule, we do not have 
similar data available on the specific enforcement as in the Exemption 
rule, but we have no reason to think that States will be less diligent 
in enforcing this NESHAP. See 70 FR 75326. In fact, States must have 
adequate programs to enforce the section 112 regulations and provide 
assurances that they will enforce all NESHAP before EPA will delegate 
the program. See 40 CFR part 63, subpart E.
    In light of all of the above, we conclude that there are 
implementation and enforcement programs in place that are sufficient to 
assure compliance with the Clay Ceramics Manufacturing NESHAP without 
relying on title V permitting.

[[Page 53851]]

    Balancing the four factors for this area source category strongly 
supports the proposed finding that title V is unnecessarily burdensome. 
While title V might add additional compliance requirements if imposed, 
we conclude that there would not be significant improvements to the 
compliance requirements in the NESHAP because the requirements in this 
proposed rule are specifically designed to assure compliance with the 
standards and management practices imposed on this area source 
category. We also conclude that the costs of compliance with title V, 
in conjunction with the likely difficulty this number of small sources 
would have obtaining assistance from the permitting authority, would 
impose a significant burden on the sources. We determined that the high 
relative costs would not be justified given that there is likely to be 
little or no potential gain in compliance if title V were required. 
And, finally, there are adequate implementation and enforcement 
programs in place to assure compliance with the NESHAP. Thus, we 
conclude that title V permitting is ``unnecessarily burdensome'' for 
the Clay Ceramics Manufacturing area source category.
    In addition to evaluating whether compliance with title V 
requirements is ``unnecessarily burdensome'', EPA also considered, 
consistent with guidance provided by the legislative history of section 
502(a), whether exempting the Clay Ceramics Manufacturing area source 
category from title V requirements would adversely affect public 
health, welfare, or the environment. Exemption of the Clay Ceramics 
Manufacturing area source category from title V requirements would not 
adversely affect public health, welfare, or the environment because the 
level of control would remain the same if a permit were required. The 
title V permit program does not impose new substantive air quality 
control requirements on sources, but instead requires that certain 
procedural measures be followed, particularly with respect to 
determining compliance with applicable requirements. As stated in our 
consideration of factor one for this category, title V would not lead 
to significant improvements in the compliance requirements applicable 
to existing or new area sources.
    Furthermore, one of the primary purposes of the title V permitting 
program is to clarify, in a single document, the various and sometimes 
complex regulations that apply to sources in order to improve 
understanding of these requirements and to help sources achieve 
compliance with the requirements. In this case, however, placing all 
requirements for the sources in a title V permit would do little to 
clarify the requirements applicable to the sources or assist them in 
compliance with those requirements because of the simplicity of the 
sources and the NESHAP, and the fact that these sources are not subject 
to other NESHAP. We have no reason to think that new sources would be 
substantially different from the existing sources. In addition, we 
explained in the Exemption Rule that requiring permits for the large 
number of area sources could, at least in the first few years of 
implementation, potentially adversely affect public health, welfare, or 
the environment by shifting State agency resources away from assuring 
compliance for major sources with existing permits to issuing new 
permits for these area sources, potentially reducing overall air 
program effectiveness. Based on the above analysis, we conclude that 
title V exemptions for the clay ceramics manufacturing area sources 
will not adversely affect public health, welfare, or the environment 
for all of the reasons explained above.
    For the foregoing reasons, we are proposing to exempt the Clay 
Ceramics Manufacturing area source category from title V permitting 
requirements.

B. Secondary Nonferrous Metal Processing

    We compared the title V monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements (factor one) to such requirements in the NESHAP for the 
Secondary Nonferrous Metal Processing area source category. The 
proposed rule requires that the affected sources conduct weekly 
monitoring of the required control device (i.e., baghouse or fabric 
filter) for existing sources and continuous monitoring of the required 
control device for new sources. As discussed above, we believe that 
these monitoring requirements are adequate to assure compliance with 
the control requirements specified in the proposed NESHAP. The 
monitoring component of the first factor favors title V exemption 
because this proposed standard provides monitoring that assures 
compliance with the requirements of the proposed rule.
    We also considered the extent to which title V could potentially 
enhance compliance for area sources covered by this NESHAP through 
recordkeeping or reporting requirements. For any affected secondary 
nonferrous metal processing area source facility, the proposed NESHAP 
requires an initial notification and a compliance status report, which 
would include certifications by responsible officials that the 
facilities are in compliance and will continue to comply with the 
NESHAP. In addition, the affected facilities must maintain records 
showing compliance with the required monitoring. The required records 
are similar to the information that must be provided in the deviation 
reports required under 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3) and 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3). We 
believe that these requirements are adequate to assure compliance with 
the provisions of the NESHAP.
    We acknowledge that title V includes some reporting requirements 
that are not in the proposed NESHAP, including requirements for a 6-
month monitoring report, deviation reports, and an annual certification 
in 40 CFR 70.6 and 71.6. However, as described above, we have 
determined that the monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements under the proposed NESHAP are sufficient to assure 
compliance with the provisions of the NESHAP. Therefore, we do not 
believe that these additional title V reporting requirements would 
result in significant improvements to the compliance requirements.
    Under the second factor, we determined whether title V permitting 
would impose a significant burden on the area sources in the category 
and whether that burden would be aggravated by any difficulty the 
source may have in obtaining assistance from the permitting agency. 
Subjecting any source to title V permitting imposes certain burdens and 
costs that do not exist outside of the title V program. EPA estimated 
that the average cost of obtaining and complying with a title V permit 
was $38,500 per source for a 5-year permit period, including fees. (See 
Information Collection Request for Part 70 Operating Permit 
Regulations, January 2000, EPA ICR Number 1587.05.) EPA does not have 
specific estimates for the burdens and costs of permitting secondary 
nonferrous metal processing area sources; however, there are certain 
source activities associated with the part 70 and 71 rules. These 
activities are mandatory and impose burdens on the source. They include 
reading and understanding permit program guidance and regulations; 
obtaining and understanding permit application forms; answering follow-
up questions from permitting authorities after the application is 
submitted; reviewing and understanding the permit; collecting records; 
preparing and submitting monitoring reports on a 6-month or more 
frequent basis; preparing and submitting prompt deviation reports, as 
defined by the

[[Page 53852]]

State, which may include a combination of written, verbal, and other 
communications methods; collecting information, preparing, and 
submitting the annual compliance certification; preparing applications 
for permit revisions every 5 years; and, as needed, preparing and 
submitting applications for permit revisions. In addition, although not 
required by the permit rules, many sources obtain the contractual 
services of professional scientists and engineers (consultants) to help 
them understand and meet the permitting program's requirements. The ICR 
for part 70 provides additional information on the overall burdens and 
costs, as well as the relative burdens of each activity described here. 
Also, for a more comprehensive list of requirements imposed on part 70 
sources (hence, burden on sources), see the requirements of 40 CFR 
70.3, 70.5, 70.6, and 70.7.
    In assessing the second factor for secondary nonferrous metal 
processing facilities, we found that 6 of the 10 plants are small 
businesses, most with only a few employees. These small sources lack 
the technical resources needed to comply with permitting requirements 
and the financial resources needed to hire the necessary staff or 
outside consultants. As discussed above, title V permitting would 
impose significant economic and non-economic costs on these area 
sources, and, accordingly, we conclude that title V is a significant 
burden for sources in this category. In addition, many of the sources 
in this area source category are small businesses. Under title V, they 
would be subject to numerous mandatory activities, and because of 
limited resources, they would have difficulty complying, whether they 
were issued a standard or a general permit. Thus, we find that factor 
two supports title V exemption for secondary nonferrous metal 
processing facilities.
    The third factor, which is closely related to the second factor, is 
whether the costs of title V permitting for these area sources would be 
justified, taking into consideration any potential gains in compliance 
likely to occur for such sources. We explained above under the second 
factor that the economic and non-economic costs of compliance with 
title V would impose a significant burden on many secondary nonferrous 
metal processing facilities. We also concluded in considering the first 
factor that the monitoring and recordkeeping requirements in the NESHAP 
are adequate to assure compliance with the management practices 
proposed in the NESHAP and that the additional title V compliance 
requirements would not significantly improve compliance with this 
NESHAP. In addition, in our consideration of the fourth factor as 
discussed below, we find that there are adequate implementation and 
enforcement programs in place to assure compliance with the NESHAP. 
Because the costs, both economic and non-economic, of compliance with 
title V are so high, and the potential for gains in compliance is low, 
title V permitting is not justified for this source category. 
Accordingly, the third factor supports title V exemptions for secondary 
nonferrous metal processing area sources.
    The fourth factor we considered in determining whether title V 
permitting for the Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source 
category is unnecessarily burdensome is whether there are 
implementation and enforcement programs in place that are sufficient to 
assure compliance with this NESHAP without relying on title V permits. 
There are State programs in place to enforce this area source NESHAP, 
and we believe that these State programs are sufficient to assure 
compliance with this NESHAP. Furthermore, EPA retains authority to 
enforce this NESHAP anytime under CAA sections 112, 113 and 114. In 
addition to the State programs and EPA's authorities to implement and 
enforce this NESHAP, small business assistance programs required by CAA 
section 507 may be used to assist area sources that have been exempted 
from title V permitting. Also, States and EPA often conduct voluntary 
compliance assistance, outreach, and education programs (compliance 
assistance programs), which are not required by statute. We believe 
that the statutory requirements for implementation and enforcement of 
this NESHAP by the delegated States and EPA and the additional 
assistance programs described above together are sufficient to assure 
compliance with this area source NESHAP without title V permits.
    Furthermore, in applying the fourth factor in the Exemption Rule, 
where EPA had deferred action on the title V exemption for several 
years, we had enforcement data demonstrating that States were not only 
enforcing the provisions of those area source NESHAP, but that the 
States were also providing compliance assistance to assure that the 
area sources were in the best position to comply with the NESHAP. See 
70 FR 75325-75326. Although we do not have similar data in this case 
because the Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source NESHAP 
has yet to be promulgated and enforced, we have no reason to think that 
States will be less diligent in enforcing NESHAP.
    In light of all of the above, we conclude that there are 
implementation and enforcement programs in place that are sufficient to 
assure compliance with the Secondary Nonferrous Metal Processing NESHAP 
without relying on title V permitting.
    Based on our assessment of the four factors as described above, we 
find that, when considered together, the four factors demonstrate that 
compliance with title V would be unnecessarily burdensome for sources 
in the Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area source category. 
While title V might add additional compliance requirements, we believe 
that there would not be significant improvements to compliance with the 
NESHAP because the requirements in this proposed rule assure compliance 
with the standards. Furthermore, there are adequate implementation and 
enforcement programs in place to assure compliance with the NESHAP. On 
the other hand, the economic and non-economic costs of compliance with 
title V, would impose a significant burden on the sources. We believe 
that the high relative costs would not be justified given that there is 
likely to be little or no potential gain in compliance if title V were 
required. Based on these considerations, we conclude that title V 
permitting is ``unnecessarily burdensome'' for the Secondary Nonferrous 
Metal Processing area source category.
    In addition to evaluating whether compliance with title V 
requirements is ``unnecessarily burdensome'', EPA considered, 
consistent with guidance provided by the legislative history of section 
502(a), whether exempting the Secondary Nonferrous Metal Processing 
area source category from title V requirements would adversely affect 
public health, welfare, or the environment. Exemption of the Secondary 
Nonferrous Metal Processing area source category from title V 
requirements would not adversely affect public health, welfare, or the 
environment because the level of control would remain the same even if 
a permit were required. The title V permit program does not impose new 
substantive air quality control requirements on sources, but instead 
requires that certain procedural measures be followed, particularly 
with respect to determining compliance with applicable requirements. As 
stated in our consideration of factor one for this category, title V 
would not lead to significant improvements in the

[[Page 53853]]

compliance requirements applicable to existing or new area sources.
    Furthermore, one of the primary purposes of the title V permitting 
program is to clarify, in a single document, the various and sometimes 
complex regulations that apply to sources in order to improve 
understanding of these requirements and to help sources to achieve 
compliance with the requirements. In this case, however, placing all 
requirements for the sources in a title V permit would do little to 
clarify the requirements applicable to the sources or assist them in 
compliance with those requirements because of the simplicity of the 
sources and the NESHAP, and the fact that these sources are not subject 
to other NESHAP or to other requirements under the CAA. We have no 
reason to think that new sources would be substantially different from 
the existing sources. In addition, we explained in the Exemption Rule 
that requiring permits could, at least in the first few years of 
implementation, potentially adversely affect public health, welfare, or 
the environment by shifting State agency resources away from assuring 
compliance for major sources with existing permits to issuing new 
permits for these area sources, potentially reducing overall air 
program effectiveness. We therefore conclude that title V exemptions 
for the secondary nonferrous metal processing area sources will not 
adversely affect public health, welfare, or the environment for all of 
the reasons explained above.
    For the foregoing reasons, we are proposing to exempt the Secondary 
Nonferrous Metal Processing area source category from title V 
permitting requirements.

VII. What are the impacts of the proposed standards for area sources?

A. Glass Manufacturing

1. Air Quality Impacts
    For the three sources that would be required to install emission 
controls to meet the emission limits specified in this proposed rule, 
we estimated nationwide emissions of the glass manufacturing metal HAP 
to be 26.2 Mg/yr (28.9 tpy). We estimate that the rule as proposed 
would reduce nationwide emissions of the glass manufacturing metal HAP 
by about 25.6 Mg/yr (28.2 tpy). This proposed rule would also reduce 
emissions of PM by 377 Mg/yr (415 tpy). These estimates are based on 
the assumption that an ESP would be installed on one pressed and blown 
glass furnace, and that fabric filters would be installed on two 
pressed and blown glass furnaces.
    We project that, during the first 3 years of the proposed standard, 
nine new furnaces would be constructed and that all nine furnaces would 
be in the container glass sector. Because none of these new furnaces 
are expected to use any of the glass manufacturing metal HAP as raw 
materials, we project that none of the nine new furnaces would be 
affected by this proposed rule. Therefore, we estimate that this 
proposed rule would have no air quality impacts on new sources.
    Indirect or secondary air impacts of this rule as proposed would 
result from the increased electricity usage associated with the 
operation of control devices. Assuming that plants would purchase 
electricity from a power plant, we estimate that the standards as 
proposed would increase secondary emissions of criteria pollutants, 
including PM, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides 
(NOX), and carbon monoxide (CO) from power plants. For three 
existing sources that would be required to install emission controls, 
the proposed rule would increase secondary PM emissions by 0.28 Mg/yr 
(0.31 tpy); secondary SO2 emissions by about 11.1 Mg/yr 
(12.2 tpy); secondary NOX emissions by about 5.5 Mg/yr (6.1 
tpy); and secondary CO emissions by about 0.18 Mg/yr (0.20 tpy).
    For the estimated nine new sources within the Glass Manufacturing 
industry over the next 3 years, we estimate no secondary air impacts 
because we project that none of the new sources would be affected 
sources under this proposed rule.
2. Water and Solid Waste Impacts
    To comply with the rule as proposed, we expect that affected 
facilities would control emissions by installing and operating ESP or 
fabric filters, neither of which generates wastewater. Therefore, we 
project that this rule as proposed would have no water impacts. Glass 
manufacturers typically purchase highly refined and purified raw 
materials, and they usually recycle internal captured baghouse and ESP 
fines into the raw material to be fed back into the furnace. Therefore, 
we expect the solid waste impacts to be far less than if facilities 
were to dispose of their ESP and baghouse fines. We estimate that the 
proposed rule would generate 37.7 Mg/yr (41.6 tpy) of solid waste from 
existing sources. These estimates are based on the assumption that an 
ESP would be installed on one pressed and blown glass furnace, and that 
fabric filters would be installed on two pressed and blown glass 
furnaces. For new sources, we estimate that this proposed rule would 
have no impacts on solid waste generation.
3. Energy Impacts
    Energy impacts consist of the electricity and fuel needed to 
operate control devices and other equipment that would be required 
under the proposed rule. We assume that affected facilities would 
comply with the rule as proposed by installing and operating either ESP 
or fabric filters which require electricity to operate. Specifically, 
we assumed that an ESP would be installed on one pressed and blown 
glass furnace, and that fabric filters would be installed on two 
pressed and blown glass furnaces. Under this scenario, we project that 
this rule as proposed would increase overall energy demand (i.e., 
electricity demand) for existing sources by about 1,160 megawatt-hours 
per year, or 7.1 thousand gigajoules per year (6.7 billion British 
thermal units per year). We estimate that none of the nine new sources 
projected to go into operation during the first 3 years of the standard 
would be affected by this proposed rule. Therefore, we are not 
expecting any energy impacts for new sources.
4. Cost Impacts
    The estimated total capital costs of this proposed rule for 
existing sources are $1.42 million. These capital costs include the 
costs to purchase and install ESP or fabric filters on the three 
affected furnaces that are not currently controlled. The estimated 
annualized cost of the proposed rule for existing sources would be 
$491,000 per year. The annualized costs account for the annualized 
capital costs of the control and monitoring equipment, operation and 
maintenance expenses, performance testing, and recordkeeping costs for 
the three existing facilities within the source category that would be 
required to install new emission controls. The other affected 
facilities would incur costs only for submitting the notifications and 
for annual control device inspections because those facilities already 
meet the testing, monitoring, and recordkeeping requirements that would 
be required under the proposed rule.
    We estimate that none of the nine new sources projected to go into 
operation during the first 3 years of the standard would be affected 
sources under this proposed rule. Therefore, we estimate no cost 
impacts for new sources.
5. Economic Impacts
    Both the magnitude of control costs needed to comply with the 
proposed rule and the distribution of these costs

[[Page 53854]]

among affected facilities can have an impact in determining how the 
market would change in response to the rule. Total annualized costs for 
this proposed rule are estimated to be approximately $0.48 million. 
Only three facilities are estimated to require additional capital costs 
because of the proposed rule.
    We obtained revenue data for two of the three companies that 
operate facilities that would be required to install emission controls 
under this proposed rule. Based on those data, cost-to-sales estimates 
for those two affected facilities would be 0.66 percent and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Revenue data were not available for the other 
facility that would be affected by the proposed rule, so the national 
average value of shipments per worker from the 2002 Census of 
Manufacturers was used along with the average number of workers per 
facility to estimate revenues. The resulting costs for this and the 
other two facilities are relatively small and are not expected to 
result in a significant market impact whether they are passed on to the 
purchaser or absorbed by the company.

B. Clay Ceramics Manufacturing

    Unlike the glass manufacturing industry, which still has some 
uncontrolled sources of urban HAP, sources in the clay ceramics 
manufacturing source category have made significant emission reductions 
through process changes and installation of control equipment. Affected 
sources are well-controlled and our proposed GACT determination 
reflects such controls. We estimate that the only impact to affected 
sources is the labor burden associated with the proposed reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements. The cost associated with recordkeeping and 
the one-time reporting requirements is estimated to be $974 per 
facility.

C. Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing

    Similar to the clay ceramics manufacturing industry, all of the 
affected sources in the secondary nonferrous metal processing category 
have installed control equipment on their furnace melting operations 
and are well-controlled. Affected sources are well-controlled and our 
proposed GACT determinations reflect such controls. We estimate that 
the only impact associated with the proposed rule is the reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements. The cost associated with recordkeeping and 
the one-time reporting requirements is estimated to be $390 per 
facility.

VIII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this 
action is a ``significant regulatory action'' because it may raise 
novel legal or policy issues. Accordingly, EPA submitted this action to 
OMB for review under Executive Order 12866, and any changes made in 
response to OMB recommendations have been documented in the docket for 
this action.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

    The information collection requirements in the proposed NESHAP for 
Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Area Sources, Glass Manufacturing Area 
Sources, and Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing Area Sources have 
been submitted for approval to OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 
44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. The Information Collection Request (ICR) 
document prepared by EPA has been assigned EPA ICR No. 2274.01.
    The recordkeeping and reporting requirements in the proposed rule 
is based on the information collection requirements in the part 63 
General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A). These recordkeeping and 
reporting requirements are mandatory pursuant to section 114 of the CAA 
(42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to EPA pursuant to the 
information collection requirements for which a claim of 
confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA's implementing 
regulations at 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
    The proposed NESHAP for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing area sources 
requires applicable one-time notifications required by the NESHAP 
General Provisions. Plant owners or operators would be required to 
include compliance certifications for the management practices in their 
Notifications of Compliance Status. The affected facilities are 
expected to already have the required control and monitoring equipment 
in place and already conduct the required monitoring and recordkeeping 
activities.
    The annual burden for this information collection averaged over the 
first 3 years of this ICR is estimated to total 196 labor hours per 
year at a cost of approximately $16,600 for 17 existing clay ceramics 
manufacturing area sources (51 existing sources averaged over 3 years). 
No capital/startup costs or operation and maintenance costs are 
associated with the proposed information collection requirements. No 
costs or burden hours are estimated for new clay ceramics manufacturing 
area sources because no new area sources are projected for the next 3 
years.
    The proposed NESHAP for Glass Manufacturing also would require 
applicable one-time notifications required by the NESHAP General 
Provisions, monitoring of control device parameters, and recordkeeping. 
The annual burden for this collection of information averaged over the 
first 3 years of this ICR is estimated to total 190 labor hours per 
year at a cost of $16,130 for the 21 glass manufacturing area source 
facilities that would be subject to this proposed rule. This burden 
estimate includes time for acquisition, installation, and use of 
monitoring technology and systems, one-time notifications, and 
recordkeeping. Total capital/startup costs associated with the 
monitoring requirements (e.g., costs for hiring performance test 
contractors and purchase of monitoring and file storage equipment) over 
the 3-year period of the ICR are estimated at $15,990, with operation 
and maintenance costs of $9,850/yr. No costs or burden estimates are 
estimated for new sources because no new sources are project for the 
next 3 years.
    The proposed NESHAP for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing area 
sources requires one-time notifications required by the NESHAP General 
Provisions. Plant owners or operators would be required to conduct 
performance tests and include compliance certifications for the percent 
PM reduction achieved by the required control device in their 
Notifications of Compliance Status. The affected facilities are 
expected to already have the required control and monitoring equipment 
in place and already conduct the required monitoring and recordkeeping 
activities.
    The annual burden for this information collection averaged over the 
first 3 years of this ICR is estimated to total 15 labor hours per year 
at a cost of approximately $1,300 for 3 existing secondary nonferrous 
metals processing area sources (10 existing sources averaged over 3 
years). No capital/startup costs or operation and maintenance costs are 
associated with the proposed information collection requirements. No 
costs or burden hours are estimated for new secondary nonferrous metals 
processing area sources because no new area sources are projected for 
the next 3 years.
    Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources 
expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or 
provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time

[[Page 53855]]

needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize 
technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and 
verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and 
disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to 
comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; 
train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; 
search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; 
and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to, respond to a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's 
regulations in 40 CFR part 63 are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    To comment on EPA's need for this information, the accuracy of the 
provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing 
respondent burden, including the use of automated collection 
techniques, EPA has established a public docket for this action, which 
includes this ICR, under Docket ID numbers EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0424 (for 
Clay Ceramics Manufacturing), EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0360 (for Glass 
Manufacturing), and EPA-HQ-OAR-2006-0940 (for Secondary Nonferrous 
Metals Processing). Submit any comments related to the ICR for the 
proposed rule to EPA and OMB. See the ADDRESSES section at the 
beginning of this preamble for where to submit comments to EPA. Send 
comments to OMB at the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 
Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th Street, NW., Washington, DC 
20503, Attention: Desk Office for EPA. Because OMB is required to make 
a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60 days after September 
20, 2007, a comment to OMB is best assured of having its full effect if 
OMB receives it by October 22, 2007. The final rules will respond to 
any OMB or public comments on the information collection requirements 
contained in the proposal.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act generally requires an agency to 
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice 
and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure 
Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule 
would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of 
small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small not-for-
profit enterprises, and small governmental jurisdictions.
    For the purposes of assessing the impacts of the proposed area 
source NESHAP on small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A 
small business whose parent company meets the Small Business 
Administration size standards for small businesses found at 13 CFR 
121.201 (less than 500 to 750 employees for Clay Ceramics 
Manufacturing, less than 750 to 1,000 employees for Glass 
Manufacturing, and less than 750 employees for Secondary Nonferrous 
Metals Processing, depending on the size definition for the affected 
NAICS code); (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government 
of a city, county, town, school district, or special district with a 
population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is 
any not-for-profit enterprise, which is independently owned and 
operated and is not dominant in its field.
    Based on our estimates, EPA does not expect any new clay ceramic or 
secondary nonferrous metal processing sources to be constructed in the 
foreseeable future and so therefore did not estimate the impacts for 
new clay ceramics manufacturing or secondary nonferrous metal 
processing sources. After considering the economic impacts of today's 
proposed rules on small entities, I certify that this action will not 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. There would be no significant impacts on new or existing clay 
ceramics manufacturing facilities or secondary nonferrous metals 
processing facilities because these proposed rules do not create any 
new requirements or burdens other than minimal notification 
requirements. The minimal notification requirements consist of reading 
the rule and providing two initial notifications to EPA: One notifying 
EPA that the facility is subject to the rule and one notifying EPA that 
the facility is in compliance with the rule. These notifications may be 
submitted together. We estimate the cost of these one time notification 
requirements to be $974 for each clay ceramics manufacturing facility 
and $390 for each secondary nonferrous metals processing facility. 
These costs were estimated based on the costs of technical, management, 
and clerical support salaries. We also estimate that 34 clay ceramics 
facilities and 6 secondary nonferrous metals processing facilities are 
owned and operated by small businesses. These notification costs would 
be less than 0.25 percent for any of these small businesses.
    Twenty one glass manufacturing facilities are estimated to require 
additional costs because of the proposed rule. None of these facilities 
are small businesses. Therefore, there is no significant impact on a 
substantial number of small entities.
    We continue to be interested in the potential impacts of the 
proposed action on small entities and welcome comments on issues 
related to such impacts.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA 
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit 
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that 
may result in expenditures by State, local, and tribal governments, in 
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 
1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement 
is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify 
and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt 
the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative 
that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, 
section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least 
costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the 
Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that 
alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory 
requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small 
governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under 
section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must 
provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling 
officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely 
input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant 
Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and 
advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory 
requirements.
    EPA has determined that the proposed rules do not contain a Federal 
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for 
State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or to the 
private sector in any 1 year.

[[Page 53856]]

Thus, the proposed rules are not subject to the requirements of 
sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, the proposed rules do 
not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The proposed 
rules contain no requirements that apply to such governments, impose no 
obligations upon them, and would not result in expenditures by them of 
$100 million or more in any 1 year or any disproportionate impacts on 
them. Therefore, the proposed rules are not subject to section 203 of 
the UMRA.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999) requires EPA 
to develop an accountable process to assure ``meaningful and timely 
input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory 
policies that have federalism implications.'' ``Policies that have 
federalism implications'' are defined in the Executive Order to include 
regulations that have ``substantial direct effects on the States, on 
the relationship between the national government and the States, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels 
of government.''
    The proposed rules do not have federalism implications. They would 
not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship 
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution 
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, 
as specified in Executive Order 13132. The proposed rules impose 
requirements on owners and operators of specified area sources and not 
State and local governments. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply 
to the proposed rules.
    In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA 
policy to promote communications between EPA and State and local 
governments, EPA specifically solicits comments on these proposed rules 
from State and local officials.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000), requires EPA 
to develop an accountable process to assure ``meaningful and timely 
input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies 
that have tribal implications.'' The proposed rules do not have tribal 
implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. They would not 
have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the 
relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on 
the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal 
government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. 
The proposed rules impose requirements on owners and operators of 
specified area sources and not tribal governments. Thus, Executive 
Order 13175 does not apply to the proposed rules. EPA specifically 
solicits additional comments on the proposed rules from tribal 
officials.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045: ``Protection of Children from Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies 
to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be ``economically significant'' 
as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an 
environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may 
have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action 
meets both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or 
safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the 
planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and 
reasonably feasible alternatives considered by EPA.
    EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that 
the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has 
the potential to influence the regulation. The proposed rules are not 
subject to Executive Order 13045 because they are based on technology 
performance and not on health or safety risks.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    The glass manufacturing rule is not a ``significant energy action'' 
as defined in Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning Regulations 
That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use'' (66 FR 
28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not likely to have a significant 
adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. Further, 
we have concluded that this proposed rule is not likely to have any 
significant adverse energy effects. Existing energy requirements for 
this industry would not be significantly impacted by the additional 
pollution controls or other equipment that may be required by this 
proposed rule.
    The clay ceramics manufacturing and the secondary nonferrous metals 
processing proposed rules are not ``significant energy actions'' as 
defined in Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because 
they are not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, 
distribution, or use of energy. Further, we have concluded that these 
proposed rules are not likely to have any adverse energy effects. The 
energy requirements for these industries would remain at existing 
levels. No additional pollution controls or other equipment that would 
consume energy are required by these proposed rules.

I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act (NTTAA) of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-113, 15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA 
to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS) in its regulatory 
activities, unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law 
or otherwise impractical. The VCS are technical standards (e.g., 
materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and 
business practices) that are developed or adopted by VCS bodies. The 
NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when 
EPA does not use available and applicable VCS.
    The proposed rule as it applies to glass manufacturing involves 
technical standards. EPA cites the following standards: EPA Methods 1, 
1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2F, 2G, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 5, 17, and 22 in 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix A.
    Consistent with the NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify VCS 
in addition to these EPA methods. No applicable VCS were identified for 
EPA Methods 1A, 2A, 2F, 2G, and 22. The search and review results are 
in the dockets for the proposed rules.
    The search identified one VCS as an acceptable alternative to EPA 
methods. The standard ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas 
Analyses,'' is cited in the proposed rule for glass manufacturing area 
sources for its manual method for measuring the oxygen, carbon dioxide, 
and carbon monoxide content of the exhaust gas. This part of ASME PTC 
19.10-1981 is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3B.
    The search for emissions measurement procedures identified 14 other 
VCS. EPA determined that these 14 standards identified for measuring 
emissions of the HAP or surrogates subject to emission standards in the 
Glass Manufacturing proposed rule were impractical alternatives to EPA 
test methods for the purposes of the rule. Therefore, EPA does not 
intend to adopt these standards for this purpose. The reasons for the 
determinations for the 14

[[Page 53857]]

methods are included in the docket for the Glass Manufacturing proposed 
rule.
    Sections 63.11440 and 63.11452 list the test methods included in 
the proposed rule. For the methods required or referenced by the 
proposed rule, a source may apply to EPA for permission to use 
alternative test methods or alternative monitoring requirements in 
place of any required testing methods, performance specifications, or 
procedures under Sec. Sec.  63.7(f) and 63.8(f) of subpart A of the 
General Provisions. EPA welcomes comments on this aspect of the 
proposed rulemaking and, specifically, invites the public to identify 
potentially-applicable voluntary consensus standards and to explain why 
such standards should be used in this regulation.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) establishes 
Federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision 
directs Federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and 
permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission 
by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high 
and adverse human health or environmental effects of their programs, 
policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income 
populations in the United States.
    EPA has determined that these proposed rules will not have 
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental 
effects on minority or low-income populations because they increase the 
level of environmental protection for all affected populations without 
having any disproportionately high and adverse human health or 
environmental effects on any population, including any minority or low-
income population. These proposed rules establish national standards 
for each area source category. EPA welcomes comments on this aspect of 
the proposed rulemaking and, specifically, invites the public to 
identify potentially-applicable voluntary consensus standards and to 
explain why such standards should be used in this regulation.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous 
substances, Incorporations by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    Dated: September 12, 2007.
Stephen L. Johnson,
Administrator.
    For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part 
63 of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as 
follows:

PART 63--[AMENDED]

    1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart A--[AMENDED]

    2. Section 63.14 is amended by revising paragraph (i)(1) to read as 
follows:

Sec.  63.14  Incorporations by reference.

* * * * *
    (i) * * *
    (1) ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses [Part 
10, Instruments and Apparatus],'' IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  
63.309(k)(1)(iii), 63.865(b), 63.3166(a)(3), 63.3360(e)(1)(iii), 
63.3545(a)(3), 63.3555(a)(3), 63.4166(a)(3), 63.4362(a)(3), 
63.4766(a)(3), 63.4965(a)(3), 63.5160(d)(1)(iii), 63.9307(c)(2), 
63.9323(a)(3), 63.11148(e)(3)(iii), 63.11155(e)(3), 63.11162(f)(3)(iii) 
and (f)(4), 63.11163(g)(1)(iii) and (g)(2), 63.11410(j)(1)(iii), Table 
5 of subpart DDDDD of this part, 63.11452(b)(12), and 
63.11466(c)(1)(iii).
* * * * *
    3. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart RRRRRR to read as follows:
Subpart RRRRRR--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Area Sources

Applicability and Compliance Dates

Sec.
63.11435 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.11436 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.11437 What are my compliance dates?

Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements

63.11438 What are the standards for new and existing sources?
63.11439 What are the initial compliance demonstration requirements 
for new and existing sources?
63.11440 What are the monitoring requirements for new and existing 
sources?
63.11441 What are the notification requirements?
63.11442 What are the recordkeeping requirements?

Other Requirements and Information

63.11443 What General Provisions apply to this subpart?
63.11444 What definitions apply to this subpart?
63.11445 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.11446--63.11447 [Reserved]

Tables to Subpart RRRRRR of Part 63

    Table 1 to Subpart RRRRRR of Part 63--Applicability of General 
Provisions to Subpart RRRRRR

Subpart RRRRRR--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Clay Ceramics Manufacturing Area Sources

Applicability and Compliance Dates

Sec.  63.11435  Am I subject to this subpart?

    (a) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a clay 
ceramics manufacturing facility (as defined in Sec.  63.11444), with an 
atomized glaze spray booth or kiln that fires glazed ceramic ware, that 
processes more than 45 megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (50 tons per year 
(tpy)) wet clay and is an area source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) 
emissions.
    (b) If you are an owner or operator of an area source subject to 
this subpart, you are exempt from the obligation to obtain a permit 
under 40 CFR part 70 or 71, provided you are not required to obtain a 
permit under 40 CFR 70.3(a) or 71.3(a) for a reason other than your 
status as an area source under this subpart. Notwithstanding the 
previous sentence, you must continue to comply with the provisions of 
this subpart applicable to area sources.

63.11436  What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

    (a) This subpart applies to any existing, new, or reconstructed 
affected source located at a clay ceramics manufacturing facility.
    (b) The affected source includes all atomized glaze spray booths 
and kilns that fire glazed ceramic ware located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility.
    (c) An affected source is existing if you commenced construction or 
reconstruction of the affected source before September 20, 2007.
    (d) An affected source is new if you commenced construction or 
reconstruction of the affected source on or after September 20, 2007.

Sec.  63.11437  What are my compliance dates?

    (a) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with 
the standards no later than the date of publication of the final rule 
in the Federal Register.
    (b) If you have a new or reconstructed affected source, you must 
comply with this subpart according to paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this 
section.

[[Page 53858]]

    (1) If you start up your affected source on or before the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, you must comply 
with this subpart no later than the date of publication of the final 
rule in the Federal Register.
    (2) If you start up your affected source after the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, you must comply 
with this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source.

Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements

Sec.  63.11438  What are the standards for new and existing sources?

    (a) For each kiln that fires glazed ceramic ware, you must maintain 
the peak temperature below 1540 [deg]C (2800 [deg]F) and comply with 
one of the management practices in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this 
section:
    (1) Use natural gas, or equivalent clean-burning fuel, as the kiln 
fuel; or
    (2) Use an electric-powered kiln.
    (b) You must maintain annual wet glaze usage records for your 
facility.
    (c) For each atomized glaze spray booth located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility that uses more than 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) of wet 
glaze(s), you must comply with the equipment standard requirements in 
paragraph (c)(1) of this section or the management practice in 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (1) Route the emissions from the atomized glaze spray booth through 
an APCD, as defined in Sec.  63.11444.
    (i) Operate and maintain the APCD in accordance with the equipment 
manufacturer's specifications;
    (ii) Monitor the APCD according to the applicable requirements in 
Sec.  63.11440.
    (2) Alternatively, use wet glazes containing less than 0.1 (weight) 
percent clay ceramics metal HAP.
    (d) For each atomized glaze spray booth located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility that uses 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) or less of wet 
glaze(s), you must comply with one of the management practices in 
paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Employ waste minimization practices, as defined in Sec.  
63.11444; or
    (2) Alternatively, comply with the equipment standard requirements 
described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section or the management 
practice described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (e) Surface applications (e.g., wet glazes) containing less than 
0.1 (weight) percent clay ceramics metal HAP do not have to be 
considered in determination of the 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) threshold for 
wet glaze usage.

Sec.  63.11439  What are the initial compliance demonstration 
requirements for new and existing sources?

    (a) You must demonstrate initial compliance with the applicable 
management practices in Sec.  63.11438 by submitting a Notification of 
Compliance Status. For any wet spray glaze operations controlled with 
an APCD, you must conduct an initial inspection of the control 
equipment as described in Sec.  63.11440(b)(1) within 60 days of the 
compliance date and include the results of the inspection in the 
Notification of Compliance Status.
    (b) You must demonstrate initial compliance with the applicable 
management practices in Sec.  63.11438 by submitting the Notification 
of Compliance Status within 120 calendar days after the applicable 
compliance date specified in Sec.  63.11437.

Sec.  63.11440  What are the monitoring requirements for new and 
existing sources?

    (a) For each kiln firing glazed ceramic ware, you must conduct a 
daily check of the peak firing temperature. If the peak temperature 
exceeds 1540 [deg]C (2800 [deg]F), you must take corrective action 
according to your standard operating procedures.
    (b) For each existing, new, or reconstructed affected source with 
an atomized glaze spray booth equipped with an APCD, you must 
demonstrate compliance by conducting the monitoring activities in 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section:
    (1) Initial control device inspection. You must conduct an initial 
inspection of each particulate matter (PM) control device according to 
the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section. You 
must conduct each inspection no later than 60 days after your 
applicable compliance date for each installed control device which has 
been operated within 60 days of the compliance date. For an installed 
control device which has not been operated within 60 days of the 
compliance date, you must conduct an initial inspection prior to 
startup of the control device.
    (i) For each wet control system, you must verify the presence of 
water flow to the control equipment. You must also visually inspect the 
system ductwork and control equipment for leaks and inspect the 
interior of the control equipment (if applicable) for structural 
integrity and the condition of the control system. An initial 
inspection of the internal components of a wet control system is not 
required if an inspection has been performed within the past 12 months.
    (ii) For each baghouse, you must visually inspect the system 
ductwork and baghouse unit for leaks. You must also inspect the inside 
of each baghouse for structural integrity and fabric filter condition. 
You must record the results of the inspection and any maintenance 
action in the logbook required in paragraph (d) of this section. An 
initial inspection of the internal components of a baghouse is not 
required if an inspection has been performed within the past 12 months.
    (2) Periodic inspections/maintenance. Following the initial 
inspections, you must perform periodic inspections and maintenance of 
each PM control device according to the requirements in paragraphs 
(b)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (i) You must inspect and maintain each wet control system according 
to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A) through (C) of this 
section.
    (A) You must conduct a daily inspection to verify the presence of 
water flow to the wet control system.
    (B) You must conduct weekly visual inspections of the system 
ductwork and control equipment for leaks.
    (C) You must conduct inspections of the interior of the wet control 
system (if applicable) to determine the structural integrity and 
condition of the control equipment every 12 months.
    (ii) You must inspect and maintain each baghouse according to the 
requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section.
    (A) You must conduct weekly visual inspections of the system 
ductwork for leaks.
    (B) You must conduct inspections of the interior of the baghouse 
for structural integrity and to determine the condition of the fabric 
filter every 12 months.
    (3) As an alternative to the monitoring activities in paragraph 
(b)(2) of this section, you may demonstrate compliance by:
    (i) Conducting a daily 30-minute visible emissions (VE) test (i.e., 
no visible emissions) using EPA Method 22 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-
7); or
    (ii) Using an approved alternative monitoring technique under Sec.  
63.8(f).
    (c) If the results of the visual inspection, VE test, or 
alternative monitoring technique conducted under paragraph (b) of this 
section indicate an exceedance, you must take corrective action 
according to the equipment manufacturer's specifications or 
instructions.
    (d) You must maintain records of your monitoring activities 
described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section. You may use 
your existing operating permit documentation to meet the monitoring 
requirements if it includes, but is not limited to, the

[[Page 53859]]

monitoring records listed in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this 
section related to any kiln peak temperature checks, visual 
inspections, VE tests, or alternative monitoring:
    (1) The date, place, and time;
    (2) Person conducting the activity;
    (3) Technique or method used;
    (4) Operating conditions during the activity; and
    (5) Results.

Sec.  63.11441  What are the notification requirements?

    (a) You must submit an Initial Notification required by Sec.  
63.9(a)(2) no later than 120 calendar days after the applicable 
compliance date specified in Sec.  63.11437. The Initial Notification 
must include the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) 
of this section and may be combined with the Notification of Compliance 
Status required in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (1) The name and address of the owner or operator;
    (2) The address (i.e., physical location) of the affected source; 
and
    (3) An identification of the relevant standard, or other 
requirement, that is the basis of the notification and source's 
compliance date.
    (b) You must submit a Notification of Compliance Status required by 
Sec.  63.9(h) no later than 120 calendar days after the applicable 
compliance date specified in Sec.  63.11437. In addition to the 
information required in Sec.  63.9(h)(2), your notification(s) must 
include each compliance certification in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) 
of this section that applies to you and may be combined with the 
Initial Notification required in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (1) For each kiln firing glazed ceramic ware, you must certify that 
you are maintaining the peak temperature below 1540[deg]C (2800[deg]F) 
and complying with one of the management practices in paragraphs 
(b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section:
    (i) Using natural gas, or equivalent clean-burning fuel, as the 
kiln fuel; or
    (ii) Using an electric-powered kiln.
    (2) For atomized glaze spray booths, you must certify that your 
facility's annual wet glaze usage is above or below 227 Mg/yr (250 
tpy).
    (3) For atomized glaze spray booths located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility that uses more than 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) of wet 
glaze(s), you must certify that:
    (i) You are operating and maintaining an APCD in accordance with 
the equipment manufacturer's specifications, and you have conducted an 
initial control device inspection for each wet control system and 
baghouse associated with wet spray glaze operations; or
    (ii) Alternatively, you are using wet glazes containing less than 
0.1 (weight) percent clay ceramics metal HAP.
    (4) For atomized glaze spray booths located at a clay ceramics 
manufacturing facility that uses 227 Mg/yr (250 tpy) or less of wet 
glaze(s), you must certify that:
    (i) You are employing waste minimization practices, as defined in 
Sec.  63.11444; or
    (ii) You are complying with the requirements in Sec.  
63.11441(b)(3)(i) or (ii).

Sec.  63.11442  What are the recordkeeping requirements?

    (a) You must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and 
(2) of this section.
    (1) A copy of each notification that you submitted to comply with 
this subpart, including all documentation supporting any Initial 
Notification or Notification of Compliance Status that you submitted, 
according to the requirements in Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xiv).
    (2) Records of all required measurements needed to document 
compliance with management practices as required in Sec.  
63.10(b)(2)(vii), including records of monitoring and inspection data 
required by Sec. Sec.  63.11440.
    (b) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available 
for expeditious review, according to Sec.  63.10(b)(1).
    (c) As specified in Sec.  63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record 
for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, 
maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
    (d) You must keep each record onsite for at least 2 years after the 
date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, 
report, or record, according to Sec.  63.10(b)(1). You may keep the 
records offsite for the remaining 3 years.

Other Requirements and Information

Sec.  63.11443  What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

    Table 1 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions 
in Sec. Sec.  63.1 through 63.16 apply to you.

Sec.  63.11444  What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in 
Sec.  63.2, and in this section as follows:
    Air pollution control device (APCD) means any equipment that 
reduces the quantity of a pollutant that is emitted to the air. 
Examples of APCD currently used on glaze spray booths include, but are 
not limited to, wet scrubbers, fabric filters, water curtains, and 
water-wash systems.
    Atomization means the conversion of a liquid into a spray or mist 
(i.e., collection of drops), often by passing the liquid through a 
nozzle.
    Clay ceramics manufacturing facility means a plant site that 
manufactures pressed tile, sanitaryware, dinnerware, or pottery. For 
the purposes of this area source rule, the following types of 
facilities are not part of the regulated category: artisan potters, art 
studios, school and university ceramic arts programs, and any facility 
that uses less than 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) of wet clay.
    Clay ceramics metal HAP means an oxide or other compound of 
chromium, lead, manganese, or nickel, which were listed for Clay 
Ceramics Manufacturing in the Revised Area Source Category List (67 FR 
70428, November 22, 2002).
    Glaze means a coating of colored, opaque, or transparent material 
applied to ceramic products before firing.
    Glaze spray booth means a type of equipment used for spraying glaze 
on ceramic products.
    High-volume, low-pressure (HVLP) spray equipment means a type of 
air atomized spray equipment that operates at low atomizing air 
pressure (0.1 to 10 pounds per square inch (psi) at the air nozzle) and 
uses 15 to 30 cubic feet per minute (cfm) of air to minimize the amount 
of overspray and bounce back.
    Kiln means equipment used for the initial curing or firing of glaze 
on ceramic ware. A kiln may operate continuously or by batch.
    Nonatomizing glaze application technique means the application of 
glaze in the form of a liquid stream without atomization. Such 
techniques include, but are not limited to, dipping, centrifugal disc, 
waterfall, flow coaters, curtain coaters, silk-screening, and any 
direct application by roller, brush, pad, or other means facilitating 
direct transfer of glaze.
    Plant site means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under 
common control, including properties that are separated only by a road 
or other public right-of-way. Common control includes properties that 
are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, 
subsidiary, or any combination thereof.
    Waste minimization practices mean those routine procedures employed 
to minimize material losses and prevent unnecessary waste generation, 
for example, minimizing glaze overspray emissions using HVLP spray 
equipment (defined in this section) or similar spray equipment; 
minimizing HAP emissions during cleanup of spray glazing

[[Page 53860]]

equipment; operating and maintaining spray glazing equipment according 
to manufacturer's instructions; and minimizing spills through careful 
handling of HAP-containing glaze materials.
    Water curtain means an APCD that draws the exhaust stream through a 
continuous curtain of moving water to scrub out suspended particulate. 
Also called a drip curtain or waterfall.
    Water-wash system means an APCD that uses a series of baffles to 
redirect the upward exhaust stream through a water wash chamber with 
downward water flow to scrub out suspended particulate.

Sec.  63.11445  Who implements and enforces this subpart?

    (a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA or 
a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If 
the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your State, 
local, or tribal agency, then that agency has the authority to 
implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA 
Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to your State, 
local, or tribal agency.
    (b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this 
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section 
are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not 
transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
    (c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or 
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this 
section.
    (1) Approval of alternatives to the applicability requirements in 
Sec. Sec.  63.11435 and 63.11436, the compliance date requirements in 
Sec.  63.11437, and the management practices in Sec.  63.11438.
    (2) Approval of a major change to a test method under Sec.  
63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f). A ``major change to test method'' is defined in 
Sec.  63.90.
    (3) Approval of a major change to monitoring under Sec.  63.8(f). A 
``major change to monitoring'' is defined in Sec.  63.90.
    (4) Approval of a major change to recordkeeping/reporting under 
Sec.  63.10(f). A ``major change to recordkeeping/reporting'' is 
defined in Sec.  63.90.

Sec. Sec.  63.11446-63.11447  [Reserved]

Tables to Subpart RRRRRR of Part 63

    As stated in Sec.  63.11443, you must comply with the requirements 
of the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A) shown in 
the following table:

     Table 1 to Subpart RRRRRR of Part 63.--Applicability of General
                      Provisions to Subpart RRRRRR
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Citation                             Subject
------------------------------------------------------------------------
63.1(a)(1)-(a)(4), (a)(6), (a)(10)-      Applicability.
 (a)(12), (b)(1), (b)(3), (c)(1),
 (c)(2)\1\, (c)(5), (e).
63.2...................................  Definitions.
63.3...................................  Units and Abbreviations.
63.4...................................  Prohibited Activities and
                                          Circumvention.
63.6(a), (b)(1)-(b)(5), (b)(7), (c)(1),  Compliance with Standards and
 (c)(2), (c)(5), (e)(1), (f), (g), (i),   Maintenance Requirements.
 (j).
63.8(a)(1), (a)(2), (b), (c)(1)(i)-      Monitoring Requirements.
 (c)(1)(ii), (c)(2), (c)(3), (f).
63.9(a), (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(5), (c),    Notification Requirements.
 (d), (h)(1)-(h)(3), (h)(5), (h)(6),
 (i), (j).
63.10(a), (b)(1), (b)(2)(vii),           Recordkeeping and Reporting
 (b)(2)(xiv), (b)(3), (c), (c)(1), (f).   Requirements.
63.12..................................  State Authority and
                                          Delegations.
63.13..................................  Addresses.
63.14..................................  Incorporations by Reference.
63.15..................................  Availability of Information and
                                          Confidentiality.
63.16..................................  Performance Track Provisions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Section 63.11435(b) of this subpart exempts area sources from the
  obligation to obtain title V operating permits.

    4. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart SSSSSS to read as follows:
Subpart SSSSSS--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Glass Manufacturing Area Sources

Applicability and Compliance Dates

Sec.
63.11448 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.11449 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.11450 What are my compliance dates?

Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements

63.11451 What are the standards for new and existing sources?
63.11452 What are the performance test requirements for new and 
existing sources?
63.11453 What are the initial compliance demonstration requirements 
for new and existing sources?
63.11454 What are the monitoring requirements for new and existing 
sources?
63.11455 What are the continuous compliance requirements for new and 
existing sources?

Notifications and Records

63.11456 What are the notification requirements?
63.11457 What are the recordkeeping requirements?

Other Requirements and Information

63.11458 What General Provisions apply to this subpart?
63.11459 What definitions apply to this subpart?
63.11460 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.11461 [Reserved]

Tables to Subpart SSSSSS of Part 63

Table 1 to Subpart SSSSSS of Part 63--Emission Limits
Table 2 to Subpart SSSSSS of Part 63--Applicability of General 
Provisions to Subpart SSSSSS

Subpart SSSSSS--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Glass Manufacturing Area Sources

Applicability and Compliance Dates

Sec.  63.11448  Am I subject to this subpart?

    (a) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a glass 
manufacturing facility that is an area source of hazardous air 
pollutant (HAP) emissions and meets the criteria specified in 
paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) A glass manufacturing facility is a plant site that 
manufactures flat glass, glass containers, or pressed and blown glass 
by melting a mixture of raw materials, as defined in Sec.  63.11459, to 
produce molten glass and forming the molten glass into sheets, 
containers, or other shapes.
    (2) An area source of HAP emissions is any stationary source or 
group of

[[Page 53861]]

stationary sources within a contiguous area under common control that 
does not have the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 9.07 
megagrams per year (Mg/yr) (10 tons per year (tpy)) or more and any 
combination of HAP at a rate of 22.68 Mg/yr (25 tpy) or more.
    (3) Your glass manufacturing facility produces glass that contains 
compounds of one or more glass manufacturing metal HAP, as defined in 
Sec.  63.11459, as raw materials in a glass manufacturing batch 
formulation.
    (b) [Reserved]

Sec.  63.11449  What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

    (a) This subpart applies to each existing, new, or reconstructed 
affected glass melting furnace that is located at a glass manufacturing 
facility and satisfies the requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(1) 
and (2) of this section.
    (1) The furnace is charged with compounds of one or more glass 
manufacturing metal HAP as raw materials.
    (2) The furnace is used to produce glass at a rate of at least 45 
Mg/yr (50 tpy).
    (b) An affected source is an existing source if you commenced 
construction or reconstruction of the affected source before September 
20, 2007.
    (c) An affected source is a new (or reconstructed) source if you 
commenced construction (or reconstruction) of the affected source on or 
after September 20, 2007.

Sec.  63.11450  What are my compliance dates?

    (a) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with 
the applicable emission limits specified in Sec.  63.11451 of this 
subpart no later than 2 years after the date of publication of the 
final rule in the Federal Register. As specified in section 
112(i)(3)(B) of the Clean Air Act and in Sec.  63.6(i)(4)(i)(A), you 
may request that the Administrator or delegated authority grant an 
extension allowing up to 1 additional year to comply with the 
applicable emission limits if such additional period is necessary for 
the installation of emission controls.
    (b) If you have a new or reconstructed affected source, you must 
comply with this subpart according to paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) If you start up your affected source on or before the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, you must comply 
with the applicable emission limits specified in Sec.  63.11451 of this 
subpart no later than the date of publication of the final rule in the 
Federal Register.
    (2) If you start up your affected source after the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, you must comply 
with the applicable emission limits specified in Sec.  63.11451 of this 
subpart upon initial startup of your affected source.
    (c) If you own or operate a furnace that produces glass at an 
annual rate of less than 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy), and you increase glass 
production for that furnace to an annual rate of at least 45 Mg/yr (50 
tpy), and the furnace is charged with compounds of one or more glass 
manufacturing metal HAP, you must comply with the applicable emission 
limits specified in Sec.  63.11451 within 2 years of the date on which 
you increased the glass production rate for the furnace to at least 45 
Mg/yr (50 tpy).
    (d) If you own or operate a furnace that produces glass at an 
annual rate of at least 45 Mg/yr (50 tpy) and is not charged with glass 
manufacturing metal HAP, and you begin production of a glass product 
that includes one or more glass manufacturing metal HAP as raw 
materials, you must comply with the applicable emission limits 
specified in Sec.  63.11451 within 2 years of the date on which you 
introduced production of the glass product that contains glass 
manufacturing metal HAP.
    (e) You must meet the notification requirements in Sec.  63.11456 
according to the schedule in Sec.  63.11456 and in 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart A. Some of the notifications must be submitted before you are 
required to comply with emission limits specified in this subpart.

Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements

Sec.  63.11451  What are the standards for new and existing sources?

    If you are an owner or operator of an affected furnace, as defined 
in Sec.  63.11449(a), you must meet the applicable emission limits 
specified in Table 1 to this subpart.

Sec.  63.11452  What are the performance test requirements for new and 
existing sources?

    (a) If you own or operate an affected furnace that is subject to an 
emission limit specified in Table 1 to this subpart, you must conduct a 
performance test according to paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) and paragraph 
(b) of this section.
    (1) For each affected furnace, you must conduct a performance test 
within 180 days after your compliance date and report the results in 
your Notification of Compliance Status, except as specified in 
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (2) You are not required to conduct a performance test on the 
affected furnace if you satisfy the conditions described in paragraphs 
(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) You conducted a performance test on the affected furnace within 
the past 5 years of the compliance date using the same test methods and 
procedures specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (ii) The performance test demonstrated that the affected furnace 
met the applicable emission limits specified in Table 1 to this 
subpart.
    (iii) Either no process changes have been made since the test, or 
you can demonstrate that the results of the performance test, with or 
without adjustments, reliably demonstrate compliance with the 
applicable emission limit.
    (b) You must conduct each performance test according to the 
requirements in Sec.  63.7 and paragraphs (b)(1) through (20) of this 
section.
    (1) Install and validate all monitoring equipment required by this 
subpart before conducting the performance test.
    (2) Conduct the performance test according to the requirements in 
Sec.  63.7 and under the conditions specified in this section.
    (3) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of 
startup, shutdown, or malfunction, as specified in Sec.  63.7(e)(1).
    (4) Conduct the test while the source is operating at the maximum 
production rate.
    (5) Conduct at least three separate test runs with a minimum 
duration of 1 hour for each test run, as specified in Sec.  63.7(e)(3).
    (6) Record the test date.
    (7) Identify the emission source tested.
    (8) Collect and record the emission test data listed in this 
section for each run of the performance test.
    (9) Locate all sampling sites at the outlet of the control device 
or at the stack prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (10) Select the locations of sampling ports and the number of 
traverse points using Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1.
    (11) Measure the gas velocity and volumetric flow rate using Method 
2, 2A, 2C, 2F, or 2G of 40 CFR part 60, appendices A-1 and A-2, during 
each test run.
    (12) Conduct gas molecular weight analysis using Methods 3, 3A, or 
3B of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2, or ASME PTC 19.10-1981--Part 10, 
during each test run.
    (13) Measure gas moisture content using Method 4 of 40 CFR part 60, 
appendix A-3, during each test run.

[[Page 53862]]

    (14) Measure the particulate matter (PM) mass emission rate at the 
outlet of the control device or at the stack using Method 5 or 17 of 40 
CFR part 60, appendices A-3 or A-6, for each test run.
    (15) Calculate the PM mass emission rate in the exhaust stream for 
each test run.
    (16) Measure and record the glass production rate (kilograms (tons) 
per hour of product) for each test run.
    (17) To meet the PM emission limit, calculate the production-based 
PM mass emission rate (g/kg (lbs/ton)) for each test run using Equation 
1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE07.001

Where:
MP = production-bass PM mass emission rate, grams of PM per kilogram 
(pounds of PM per ton) of glass produced.
ER = PM mass emission rate measured using Methods 5 or 17 during 
each performance test run, grams (pounds) per hour.
P = average glass production rate for the performance test, 
kilograms (tons) of glass produced per hour.

    (18) Calculate the 3-hour block average production-based PM mass 
emission rate as the average of the production-based PM mass emission 
rates for each test run.
    (19) To meet the metal HAP emission limit, calculate the 
production-based metal HAP mass emission rate (g/kg (lbs/ton)) for each 
test run using Equation 2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP20SE07.002

Where:
MPM = production-bass metal HAP mass emission rate, grams of metal 
HAP per kilogram (pounds of metal HAP per ton) of glass produced.
ERM = Metal HAP mass emission rate measured using Method 29 of 40 
CFR part 60, appendix A-8 during each performance test run, grams 
(pounds) per hour.
P = average glass production rate for the performance test, 
kilograms (tons) of glass produced per hour.

    (20) Calculate the 3-hour block average production-based metal HAP 
mass emission rate as the average of the production-based metal HAP 
mass emission rates for each test run.

Sec.  63.11453  What are the initial compliance demonstration 
requirements for new and existing sources?

    (a) If you own or operate an affected source, you must submit a 
Notification of Compliance Status in accordance with Sec.  63.9(h) and 
63.11456(b).
    (b) For each existing affected furnace that is subject to the 
emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart, you must 
demonstrate initial compliance according to the requirements in 
paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) For each fabric filter that is used to meet the emission limits 
specified in Table 1 to this subpart, you must visually inspect the 
system ductwork and fabric filter unit for leaks. You must also inspect 
the inside of each fabric filter for structural integrity and fabric 
filter condition. You must record the results of the inspection and any 
maintenance action as required in Sec.  63.11457.
    (2) For each electrostatic precipitator (ESP) that is used to meet 
the emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart, you must 
verify the proper functioning of the electronic controls for corona 
power and rapper operation, that the corona wires are energized, and 
that adequate air pressure is present on the rapper manifold. You must 
also visually inspect the system ductwork and ESP housing unit and 
hopper for leaks and inspect the interior of the ESP to determine the 
condition and integrity of corona wires, collection plates, hopper, and 
air diffuser plates.
    (3) You must conduct each inspection specified in paragraphs (b)(1) 
and (2) of this section no later than 60 days after your applicable 
compliance date specified in Sec.  63.11450, except as specified in 
paragraph (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) An initial inspection of the internal components of a fabric 
filter is not required if an inspection has been performed within the 
past 12 months.
    (ii) An initial inspection of the internal components of an ESP is 
not required if an inspection has been performed within the past 24 
months.
    (4) You must satisfy the applicable requirements for performance 
tests specified in Sec.  63.11452.
    (c) For each new or reconstructed affected furnace that is subject 
to the emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is 
controlled with a fabric filter, you must install, operate, and 
maintain a bag leak detection system according to paragraphs (c)(1) 
through (3) of this section.
    (1) Each bag leak detection system must meet the specifications and 
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section.
    (i) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the 
manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at concentrations 
of 1 milligram per dry standard cubic meter (0.00044 grains per actual 
cubic foot) or less.
    (ii) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of 
relative PM loadings. The owner or operator shall continuously record 
the output from the bag leak detection system using electronic or other 
means (e.g., using a strip chart recorder or a data logger).
    (iii) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm 
system that will sound when the system detects an increase in relative 
particulate loading over the alarm set point established according to 
paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section, and the alarm must be located 
such that it can be heard by the appropriate plant personnel.
    (iv) In the initial adjustment of the bag leak detection system, 
you must establish, at a minimum, the baseline output by adjusting the 
sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device, the alarm 
set points, and the alarm delay time.
    (v) Following initial adjustment, you shall not adjust the 
averaging period, alarm set point, or alarm delay time without approval 
from the Administrator or delegated authority except as provided in 
paragraph (c)(1)(vi) of this section.
    (vi) Once per quarter, you may adjust the sensitivity of the bag 
leak detection system to account for seasonal effects, including 
temperature and humidity, according to the procedures identified in the 
site-specific monitoring plan required by paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section.
    (vii) You must install the bag leak detection sensor downstream of 
the fabric filter.
    (viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's 
instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
    (2) You must develop and submit to the Administrator or delegated 
authority for approval a site-specific monitoring plan for each bag 
leak detection system. You must operate and maintain the bag leak 
detection system according to the site-specific monitoring plan at all 
times. Each monitoring plan must describe the items in paragraphs 
(c)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section.
    (i) Installation of the bag leak detection system;
    (ii) Initial and periodic adjustment of the bag leak detection 
system, including how the alarm set-point will be established;
    (iii) Operation of the bag leak detection system, including quality 
assurance procedures;
    (iv) How the bag leak detection system will be maintained, 
including a routine maintenance schedule and spare parts inventory 
list;

[[Page 53863]]

    (v) How the bag leak detection system output will be recorded and 
stored; and
    (vi) Corrective action procedures as specified in paragraph (c)(3) 
of this section. In approving the site-specific monitoring plan, the 
Administrator or delegated authority may allow owners and operators 
more than 3 hours to alleviate a specific condition that causes an 
alarm if the owner or operator identifies in the monitoring plan this 
specific condition as one that could lead to an alarm, adequately 
explains why it is not feasible to alleviate this condition within 3 
hours of the time the alarm occurs, and demonstrates that the requested 
time will ensure alleviation of this condition as expeditiously as 
practicable.
    (3) For each bag leak detection system, you must initiate 
procedures to determine the cause of every alarm within 1 hour of the 
alarm. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(vi) of this section, you 
must alleviate the cause of the alarm within 3 hours of the alarm by 
taking whatever corrective action(s) are necessary. Corrective actions 
may include, but are not limited to the following:
    (i) Inspecting the fabric filter for air leaks, torn or broken bags 
or filter media, or any other condition that may cause an increase in 
PM emissions;
    (ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media;
    (iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media or otherwise 
repairing the control device;
    (iv) Sealing off a defective fabric filter compartment;
    (v) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe or otherwise 
repairing the bag leak detection system; or
    (vi) Shutting down the process producing the PM emissions.
    (d) For each new or reconstructed affected furnace that is subject 
to the emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is 
controlled with an ESP, you must install, operate, and maintain 
according to the manufacturer's specifications, one or more continuous 
parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) for measuring and recording the 
secondary voltage and secondary electrical current to each field of the 
ESP according to paragraphs (d)(1) through (13) of this section.
    (1) The CPMS must have an accuracy of 1 percent of the secondary 
voltage and secondary electrical current, or better.
    (2) Your CPMS must be capable of measuring the secondary voltage 
and secondary electrical current over a range that extends from a value 
that is at least 20 percent less than the lowest value that you expect 
your CPMS to measure, to a value that is at least 20 percent greater 
than the highest value that you expect your CPMS to measure.
    (3) The signal conditioner, wiring, power supply, and data 
acquisition and recording system of your CPMS must be compatible with 
the output signal of the sensors used in your CPMS.
    (4) The data acquisition and recording system of your CPMS must be 
able to record values over the entire range specified in paragraph 
(d)(2) of this section.
    (5) The data recording system associated with your CPMS must have a 
resolution of one-half of the required overall accuracy of your CPMS, 
as specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section, or better.
    (6) Your CPMS must be equipped with an alarm system that will sound 
when the system detects a decrease in secondary voltage or secondary 
electrical current below the alarm set point established according to 
paragraph (d)(7) of this section, and the alarm must be located such 
that it can be heard by the appropriate plant personnel.
    (7) In the initial adjustment of the CPMS, you must establish, at a 
minimum, the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and 
the averaging period of the device, the alarm set points, and the alarm 
delay time.
    (8) You must install each sensor of the CPMS in a location that 
provides representative measurement of the appropriate parameter over 
all operating conditions, taking into account the manufacturer's 
guidelines.
    (9) You must perform an initial calibration of your CPMS based on 
the procedures specified in the manufacturer's owner's manual.
    (10) Your CPMS must be designed to complete a minimum of one cycle 
of operation for each successive 15-minute period. To have a valid hour 
of data, you must have at least three of four equally-spaced data 
values (or at least 75 percent of the total number of values if you 
collect more than four data values per hour) for that hour (not 
including startup, shutdown, malfunction, or out of control periods).
    (11) You must record valid data from at least 90 percent of the 
hours during which the affected source or process operates.
    (12) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration, 
initial validation, and accuracy audit.
    (13) At all times, you must maintain your CPMS including, but not 
limited to, maintaining necessary parts for routine repairs of the 
CPMS.
    (e) For each new or reconstructed affected furnace that is subject 
to the emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is 
controlled a device other than a fabric filter or an ESP, you must 
prepare and submit a monitoring plan to EPA or the delegated authority 
for approval. Each plan must contain the information in paragraphs 
(e)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) A description of the device;
    (2) Test results collected in accordance with Sec.  63.11452 
verifying the performance of the device for reducing PM to the levels 
required by this subpart;
    (3) Operation and maintenance plan for the control device 
(including a preventative maintenance schedule consistent with the 
manufacturer's instructions for routine and long-term maintenance) and 
continuous monitoring system;
    (4) A list of operating parameters that will be monitored to 
maintain continuous compliance with the applicable emission limits; and
    (5) Operating parameter limits based on monitoring data collected 
during the performance test.

Sec.  63.11454  What are the monitoring requirements for new and 
existing sources?

    (a) For each monitoring system required by this subpart, you must 
install, calibrate, operate, and maintain the monitoring system 
according to the manufacturer's specifications and the requirements 
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1) You must install each sensor of your monitoring system in a 
location that provides representative measurement of the appropriate 
parameter over all operating conditions, taking into account the 
manufacturer's guidelines.
    (2) You must perform an initial calibration of your monitoring 
system based on the manufacturer's recommendations.
    (3) You must use a monitoring system that is designed to complete a 
minimum of one cycle of operation for each successive 15-minute period.
    (4) For each existing affected furnace, you must record the value 
of the monitored parameter at least every 8 hours. The value can be 
recorded electronically or manually.
    (5) You must record the results of each inspection, calibration, 
monitoring system maintenance, and corrective action taken to return 
the monitoring system to normal operation.
    (6) At all times, you must maintain your monitoring system 
including, but not limited to, maintaining necessary parts for routine 
repairs of the system.

[[Page 53864]]

    (b) For each existing furnace that subject to the emission limits 
specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is controlled with an ESP, you 
must meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) or (2) of 
this section.
    (1) You must monitor the secondary voltage and secondary electrical 
current to each field of the ESP according to the requirements of this 
section, or
    (2) You must submit a request for alternative monitoring, as 
described in paragraph (g) of this section.
    (c) For each existing furnace that is subject to the emission 
limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is controlled with a 
fabric filter, you must meet the requirements specified in paragraphs 
(c)(1) or (2) of this section.
    (1) You must monitor the inlet temperature to the fabric filter 
according to the requirements of this section, or
    (2) You must submit a request for alternative monitoring, as 
described in paragraph (g) of this section.
    (d) For each new or reconstructed furnace that is subject to the 
emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is controlled 
with an ESP, you must monitor the voltage and electrical current to 
each field of the ESP on a continuous basis using one or more CPMS 
according to the requirements for CPMS specified in Sec.  63.11453(d).
    (e) For each new or reconstructed furnace that is subject to the 
emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and is controlled 
with a fabric filter, you must install and operate a bag leak detection 
system according to the requirements for CPMS specified in Sec.  
63.11453(c).
    (f) For each new, reconstructed, or existing furnace that is 
subject to the emission limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart and 
is equipped with a control device other than an ESP or fabric filter, 
you must meet the requirements in Sec.  63.8(f) and paragraph (f)(1) of 
this section.
    (1) Submit a request for approval of alternative monitoring methods 
to the Administrator no later than the submittal date for the 
Notification of Compliance Status, as specified in Sec.  63.11456(b). 
The request must contain the information specified in paragraphs 
(f)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Description of the alternative add-on air pollution control 
device (APCD).
    (ii) Type of monitoring device or method that will be used, 
including the sensor type, location, inspection procedures, quality 
assurance and quality control (QA/QC) measures, and data recording 
device.
    (iii) Operating parameters that will be monitored.
    (iv) Frequency that the operating parameter values will be measured 
and recorded.
    (v) Procedures for inspecting the condition and operation of the 
control device and monitoring system.
    (g) If you wish to use a monitoring method other than those 
specified in paragraphs (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section, you must meet 
the requirements in Sec.  63.8(f) and paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
    (1) Submit a request for approval of alternative monitoring methods 
to the Administrator no later than the submittal date for the 
Notification of Compliance Status, as specified in Sec.  63.11456(b). 
The request must contain the information specified in paragraphs 
(g)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Type of monitoring device or method that will be used, 
including the sensor type, location, inspection procedures, QA/QC 
measures, and data recording device.
    (ii) Operating parameters that will be monitored.
    (iii) Frequency that the operating parameter values will be 
measured and recorded.
    (v) Procedures for inspecting the condition and operation of the 
monitoring system.
    (vi) Explanation for how the alternative monitoring method will 
provide assurance that the emission control device is operating 
properly.
    (2) [Reserved]

Sec.  63.11455  What are the continuous compliance requirements for new 
and existing sources?

    (a) You must be in compliance with the applicable emission limits 
and work practices in this subpart at all times, except during periods 
of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (b) You must always operate and maintain your affected source, 
including air pollution control and monitoring equipment, according to 
the provisions in Sec.  63.6(e)(1)(i).
    (c) For each affected furnace that is subject to the emission 
limits specified in Table 1 to this subpart, you must monitor the 
performance of the furnace emission control device according to the 
requirements in Sec. Sec.  63.6(e)(1) and 63.8(c) and paragraphs (c)(1) 
through (4) of this section.
    (1) For each affected furnace that is controlled with an ESP, you 
must monitor the parameters specified in Sec.  63.11454(b) in 
accordance with the requirements of Sec.  63.11454(a) or as specified 
in your approved alternative monitoring plan.
    (2) For each affected furnace that is controlled with a fabric 
filter, you must monitor the parameter specified in Sec.  63.11454(c) 
in accordance with the requirements of Sec.  63.11454(a) or as 
specified in your approved alternative monitoring plan.
    (3) For each affected furnace that is controlled with a device 
other than a fabric filter or ESP, you must comply with the 
requirements of your approved alternative monitoring plan, as required 
in Sec.  63.11454(g).
    (4) For each monitoring system that is required under this subpart, 
you must keep the records specified in Sec.  63.11457.
    (d) Following the initial inspections, you must perform periodic 
inspections and maintenance of each affected furnace control device 
according to the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this 
section.
    (1) For each fabric filter, you must conduct inspections at least 
every 12 months according to paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (iii) of this 
section.
    (i) You must inspect the ductwork and fabric filter unit for 
leakage.
    (ii) You must inspect the interior of the fabric filter for 
structural integrity and to determine the condition of the fabric 
filter.
    (iii) If an initial inspection is not required, as specified in 
Sec.  63.11453(b)(3)(i), the first inspection must not be more than 12 
months from the last inspection.
    (2) For each ESP, you must conduct inspections according to the 
requirements in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) You must conduct visual inspections of the system ductwork, 
housing unit, and hopper for leaks at least every 12 months.
    (ii) You must conduct inspections of the interior of the ESP to 
determine the condition and integrity of corona wires, collection 
plates, plate rappers, hopper, and air diffuser plates every 24 months.
    (iii) If an initial inspection is not required, as specified in 
Sec.  63.11453(b)(3)(ii), the first inspection must not be more than 24 
months from the last inspection.
    (3) You must record the results of each periodic inspection 
specified in this section in a logbook (written or electronic format), 
as specified in Sec.  63.11457.
    (4) If the results of a required inspection indicate a problem with 
the operation of the emission control system, you must take immediate 
corrective action to return the control device to normal operation 
according to the equipment manufacturer's specifications or 
instructions.

[[Page 53865]]

Notifications and Records

Sec.  63.11456  What are the notification requirements?

    (a) If you own or operate an affected furnace, as defined in Sec.  
63.11449(a), you must submit an Initial Notification in accordance with 
Sec.  63.9(b) and paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section by the 
dates specified.
    (1) As specified in Sec.  63.9(b)(2) and (3), if you start up your 
affected source before the date of publication of the final rule in the 
Federal Register, you must submit an Initial Notification not later 
than 120 calendar days after the date of publication of the final rule 
in the Federal Register.
    (2) The Initial Notification must include the information specified 
in Sec.  63.9(b)(2)(i) to (iv).
    (3) As specified in Sec.  63.9(b)(3), if you start up your new or 
reconstructed affected source on or after the date of publication of 
the final rule in the Federal Register, you must submit an Initial 
Notification not later than 120 calendar days after you become subject 
to this subpart.
    (b) You must submit a Notification of Compliance Status in 
accordance with Sec.  63.9(h) and the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) 
and (2) of this section.
    (1) If you own or operate an affected furnace and are required to 
conduct a performance test, you must submit a Notification of 
Compliance Status, including the performance test results, before the 
close of business on the 60th calendar day following the completion of 
the performance test, according to Sec.  60.8 or Sec.  63.10(d)(2).
    (2) If you own or operate an affected furnace and satisfy the 
conditions specified in Sec.  63.11452(a)(2) and are not required to 
conduct a performance test, you submit a Notification of Compliance 
Status, including the results of the previous performance test, before 
the close of business on the compliance date specified in Sec.  
63.11450, according to Sec.  63.10(d)(2).

Sec.  63.11457  What are the recordkeeping requirements?

    (a) You must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(1) 
through (9) of this section.
    (1) A copy of any Initial Notification and Notification of 
Compliance Status that you submitted and all documentation supporting 
those notifications, according to the requirements in Sec.  
63.10(b)(2)(xiv).
    (2) The records in Sec.  63.6(e)(3)(iii) through (v) related to 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (3) The records specified in Sec.  63.10(b)(2) and (c)(1) through 
(13).
    (4) The records required to show continuous compliance with each 
emission limit that applies to you, as specified in Sec.  63.11455.
    (5) For each affected source, records of production rate on a 
process throughput basis (either feed rate to the process unit or 
discharge rate from the process unit).
    (i) The production data must include the amount (weight or weight 
percent) of each ingredient in the batch formulation, including all 
glass manufacturing metal HAP compounds.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (6) Records of maintenance activities and inspections performed on 
control devices as specified in Sec. Sec.  63.11453(b) and 63.11455(d), 
according to paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) The date, place, and time of inspections of control device 
ductwork, interior, and operation.
    (ii) Person conducting the inspection.
    (iii) Technique or method used to conduct the inspection.
    (iv) Control device operating conditions during the time of the 
inspection.
    (v) Results of the inspection and description of any corrective 
action taken.
    (7) Records of all required monitoring data and supporting 
information including all calibration and maintenance records.
    (8) For each bag leak detection system, the records specified in 
paragraphs (a)(8)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) Records of the bag leak detection system output;
    (ii) Records of bag leak detection system adjustments, including 
the date and time of the adjustment, the initial bag leak detection 
system settings, and the final bag leak detection system settings; and
    (iii) The date and time of all bag leak detection system alarms, 
the time that procedures to determine the cause of the alarm were 
initiated, the cause of the alarm, an explanation of the actions taken, 
the date and time the cause of the alarm was alleviated, and whether 
the alarm was alleviated within 3 hours of the alarm.
    (9) Records of any approved alternative monitoring method(s) or 
test procedure(s).
    (b) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available 
for expeditious review, according to Sec.  63.10(b)(1).
    (c) You must record the results of each inspection and maintenance 
action in a logbook (written or electronic format). You must keep the 
logbook onsite and make the logbook available to the permitting 
authority upon request.
    (d) As specified in Sec.  63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record 
for a minimum of 5 years following the date of each occurrence, 
measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
    You must keep each record onsite for at least 2 years after the 
date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, 
report, or record, according to Sec.  63.10(b)(1). You may keep the 
records offsite for the remaining 3 years.

Other Requirements and Information

Sec.  63.11458  What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

    You must satisfy the requirements of the General Provisions in 40 
CFR part 63, subpart A, as specified in Table 2 to this subpart.

Sec.  63.11459  What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in 
Sec.  63.2, and in this section as follows:
    Air pollution control device (APCD) means any equipment that 
reduces the quantity of a pollutant that is emitted to the air.
    Cullet means recycled glass that is mixed with raw materials and 
charged to a glass melting furnace to produce glass.
    Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) means an APCD that removes PM from 
an exhaust gas stream by applying an electrical charge to particles in 
the gas stream and collecting the charged particles on plates carrying 
the opposite electrical charge.
    Fabric filter means an APCD used to capture PM by filtering a gas 
stream through filter media.
    Glass manufacturing metal HAP means an oxide or other compound of 
any of the following metals included in the list of urban HAP for the 
Integrated Urban Air Toxics Strategy and for which Glass Manufacturing 
was listed as an area source category: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, 
lead, manganese, and nickel.
    Glass melting furnace means a unit comprising a refractory-lined 
vessel in which raw materials are charged, melted at high temperature, 
refined, and conditioned to produce molten glass. The unit includes 
foundations, superstructure and retaining walls, raw material charging 
system, heat exchangers, melter cooling system, exhaust system, 
refractory brick work, fuel supply and electrical boosting equipment, 
integral control systems and instrumentation, and appendages for 
conditioning and transferring molten glass to forming apparatuses.

[[Page 53866]]

    Particulate matter (PM) means, for purposes of this subpart, 
emissions of PM that serve as a measure of total particulate emissions, 
as measured by Methods 5 or 17 (40 CFR part 60, appendices A-3 and A-
6), and as a surrogate for glass manufacturing metal HAP compounds 
contained in the PM including, but not limited to, arsenic, cadmium, 
chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel.
    Plant site means all contiguous or adjoining property that is under 
common control, including properties that are separated only by a road 
or other public right-of-way. Common control includes properties that 
are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, 
subsidiary, or any combination thereof.
    Raw material means minerals, such as silica sand, limestone, and 
dolomite; inorganic chemical compounds, such as soda ash (sodium 
carbonate), salt cake (sodium sulfate), and potash (potassium 
carbonate); metal oxides and other metal-based compounds, such as lead 
oxide, chromium oxide, and sodium antimonate; metal ores, such as 
chromite and pyrolusite; and other substances that are intentionally 
added to a glass manufacturing batch and melted in a glass melting 
furnace to produce glass. Metals that are naturally-occurring trace 
constituents or contaminants of other substances are not considered to 
be raw materials.

Sec.  63.11460  Who implements and enforces this subpart?

    (a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S. 
EPA, or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal 
agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your 
State, local, or tribal agency, then that agency has the authority to 
implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA 
Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to your State, 
local, or tribal agency.
    (b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this 
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section 
are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not 
transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
    (c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or 
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this 
section.
    (1) Approval of alternatives to the applicability requirements in 
Sec. Sec.  63.11448 and 63.11449, the compliance date requirements in 
Sec.  63.11450, and the emission limits specified in Sec.  63.11451.
    (2) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec.  
63.8(f) and as defined in Sec.  63.90.
    (3) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping under Sec.  
63.10(f) and as defined in Sec.  63.90.

Sec.  63.11461  [Reserved]

Tables to Subpart SSSSSS of Part 63

    As required in Sec.  63.11451, you must comply with each emission 
limit that applies to you according to the following table:

         Table 1 to Subpart SSSSSS of Part 63.--Emission Limits
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           You must meet the following
             For each . . .                   emission limits . . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. New or existing glass melting         a. The 3-hour block average
 furnace that produces glass at an        production-based PM mass
 annual rate of at least 45 Mg/yr (50     emission rate must not exceed
 tpy) AND is charged with compounds of    0.2 pounds per ton (lb/ton) of
 arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese,   glass produced; OR
 lead, or nickel as raw materials.       b. The 3-hour block average
                                          production-based metal HAP
                                          mass emission rate must not
                                          exceed 0.02 lb/ton of glass
                                          produced.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As stated in Sec.  63.11458, you must comply with the requirements 
of the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A), as shown 
in the following table:

     Table 2 to Subpart SSSSSS of Part 63.--Applicability of General
                      Provisions to Subpart SSSSSS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Citation                             Subject
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   63.1(a), (b), (c)(1), (c)(2),     Applicability.
 (c)(5), (e).
Sec.   63.2............................  Definitions.
Sec.   63.3............................  Units and Abbreviations.
Sec.   63.4............................  Prohibited Activities.
Sec.   63.5............................  Construction/Reconstruction.
Sec.   63.6(a), (b)(1)-(b)(5), (b)(7),   Compliance with Standards and
 (c)(1), (c)(2), (c)(5), (e)-(j).         Maintenance Requirements.
Sec.   63.7............................  Performance Testing
                                          Requirements.
Sec.   63.8(a)(1), (a)(2), (b), (c)(1)-  Monitoring Requirements.
 (c)(4), (c)(7)(i)(B), (c)(7)(ii),
 (c)(8), (d), (e)(1), (e)(4), (f).
Sec.   63.9(a), (b)(1)(i)-(b)(2)(v),     Notification Requirements.
 (b)(5), (c), (d), (h)-(j).
Sec.   63.10(a), (b)(1), (b)(2)(i)-      Recordkeeping and Reporting
 (b)(2)(xii).                             Requirements.
Sec.   63.10(b)(2)(xiv), (c), (f)......  Documentation for Initial
                                          Notification and Notification
                                          of Compliance Status.
Sec.   63.12...........................  State Authority and
                                          Delegations.
Sec.   63.13...........................  Addresses.
Sec.   63.14...........................  Incorporation by Reference.
Sec.   63.15...........................  Availability of Information.
Sec.   63.16...........................  Performance Track Provisions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 53867]]

    5. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart TTTTTT to read as follows:
Subpart TTTTTT--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing Area Sources

Applicability and Compliance Dates

Sec.
63.11462 Am I subject to this subpart?
63.11463 What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?
63.11464 What are my compliance dates?

Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements

63.11465 What are the standards for new and existing sources?
63.11466 What are the performance test requirements for new and 
existing sources?
63.11467 What are the initial compliance demonstration requirements 
for new and existing sources?
63.11468 What are the monitoring requirements for new and existing 
sources?
63.11469 What are the notification requirements?
63.11470 What are the recordkeeping requirements?

Other Requirements and Information

63.11471 What General Provisions apply to this subpart?
63.11472 What definitions apply to this subpart?
63.11473 Who implements and enforces this subpart?
63.11474 [Reserved]

Tables to Subpart TTTTTT of Part 63

Table 1 to Subpart TTTTTT of Part 63--Applicability of General 
Provisions to Subpart TTTTTT

Subpart TTTTTT--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants for Secondary Nonferrous Metals Processing Area Sources

Applicability and Compliance Dates

Sec.  63.11462  Am I subject to this subpart?

    (a) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a 
secondary nonferrous metals processing facility (as defined in Sec.  
63.11472) that is an area source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) 
emissions.
    (b) If you are an owner or operator of an area source subject to 
this subpart, you are exempt from the obligation to obtain a permit 
under 40 CFR part 70 or 71, provided you are not required to obtain a 
permit under 40 CFR 70.3(a) or 71.3(a) for a reason other than your 
status as an area source under this subpart. Notwithstanding the 
previous sentence, you must continue to comply with the provisions of 
this subpart applicable to area sources.

Sec.  63.11463  What parts of my plant does this subpart cover?

    (a) This subpart applies to any existing, new, or reconstructed 
affected source located at a secondary nonferrous metals processing 
facility.
    (b) The affected source includes all crushing and screening 
operations at a secondary zinc processing facility and all furnace 
melting operations located at any secondary nonferrous metals 
processing facilities.
    (c) An affected source is existing if you commenced construction or 
reconstruction of the affected source before September 20, 2007.
    (d) An affected source is new if you commenced construction or 
reconstruction of the affected source on or after September 20, 2007.

Sec.  63.11464  What are my compliance dates?

    (a) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with 
the standards no later than the date of publication of the final rule 
in the Federal Register.
    (b) If you have a new or reconstructed affected source, you must 
comply with this subpart according to paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of 
this section.
    (1) If you start up your affected source on or before the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, you must comply 
with this subpart no later than the date of publication of the final 
rule in the Federal Register.
    (2) If you start up your affected source after the date of 
publication of the final rule in the Federal Register, you must comply 
with this subpart upon initial startup of your affected source.

Standards, Compliance, and Monitoring Requirements

Sec.  63.11465  What are the standards for new and existing sources?

    (a) You must route the emissions from each existing affected source 
through a fabric filter or baghouse that achieves a PM control 
efficiency of at least 99.0 percent.
    (b) You must route the emissions from each new affected source 
through a fabric filter or baghouse that achieves a PM control 
efficiency of at least 99.5 percent.

Sec.  63.11466  What are the performance test requirements for new and 
existing sources?

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, if you 
own or operate an existing or new affected source, you must conduct a 
performance test for each affected source within 180 days of your 
compliance date and report the results in your notification of 
compliance status.
    (b) If you own or operate an existing affected source, you are not 
required to conduct a performance test if a prior performance test was 
conducted within the past 5 years of the compliance date using the same 
methods specified in paragraph (c) of this section and you meet either 
of the following two conditions:
    (1) No process changes have been made since the test; or
    (2) You demonstrate that the results of the performance test, with 
or without adjustments, reliably demonstrates compliance despite 
process changes.
    (c) Test methods. You must conduct each performance test according 
to the requirements in Sec.  63.7 and paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) Determine the concentration of PM according to the following 
test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendices:
    (i) Method 1 or 1A (Appendix A-1) to select sampling port locations 
and the number of traverse points in each stack or duct. Sampling sites 
must be located at the outlet of the control device and prior to any 
releases to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G (Appendices A-1 and A-2) to 
determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.
    (iii) Method 3, 3A, 3B(Appendix A-2), or ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, 
``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses (incorporated by reference--see Sec.  
63.14) to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.
    (iv) Method 4 (Appendix A-3) to determine the moisture content of 
the stack gas.
    (v) Method 5 or 5D (Appendix A-3) to determine the concentration of 
particulate matter (front half filterable catch only). Three valid test 
runs are needed to comprise a performance test.
    (2) During the test, you must operate each emissions source within 
10 percent of its normal process rate. You must monitor and 
record the process rate during the test.

Sec.  63.11467  What are the initial compliance demonstration 
requirements for new and existing sources?

    (a) You must demonstrate initial compliance with the applicable 
standards in Sec.  63.11465 by submitting a Notification of Compliance 
Status in accordance with Sec.  63.11469(b).
    (b) You must conduct the inspection specified in paragraph (c) of 
this section and include the results of the inspection in the 
Notification of Compliance Status.
    (c) For each existing and new affected source, you must conduct an 
initial inspection of each baghouse. You must visually inspect the 
system ductwork and baghouse unit for leaks. Except as

[[Page 53868]]

specified in paragraph (e) of this section, you must also inspect the 
inside of each baghouse for structural integrity and fabric filter 
condition. You must record the results of the inspection and any 
maintenance action as required in Sec.  63.11470.
    (d) For each installed baghouse that is in operation during the 60 
days after the applicable compliance date, you must conduct the 
inspection specified in paragraph (c) of this section no later than 60 
days after your applicable compliance date. For an installed baghouse 
that is not in operation during the 60 days after the applicable 
compliance date, you must conduct an initial inspection prior to 
startup of the baghouse.
    (e) An initial inspection of the internal components of a baghouse 
is not required if an inspection has been performed within the past 12 
months.
    (f) You must submit the Notification of Compliance Status within 
120 calendar days after the applicable compliance date specified in 
Sec.  63.11464.

Sec.  63.11468  What are the monitoring requirements for new and 
existing sources?

    (a) For an existing affected source, you must demonstrate 
compliance by conducting the monitoring activities in paragraph (a)(1) 
or (a)(2) of this section:
    (1) Periodic inspections/maintenance. You must perform periodic 
inspections and maintenance of each baghouse according to the 
requirements in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) You must conduct weekly visual inspections of the system 
ductwork for leaks.
    (ii) You must conduct inspections of the interior of the baghouse 
for structural integrity and to determine the condition of the fabric 
filter every 12 months.
    (2) As an alternative to the monitoring requirements in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section, you may demonstrate compliance by conducting a 
daily 30-minute visible emissions (VE) test (i.e., no visible 
emissions) using EPA Method 22 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
    (b) If the results of the visual inspection or VE test conducted 
under paragraph (a) of this section indicate a problem with the 
operation of the baghouse, including but not limited to air leaks, torn 
or broken bags or filter media, or any other condition that may cause 
an increase in PM emissions, you must take immediate corrective action 
to return the baghouse to normal operation according to the equipment 
manufacturer's specifications or instructions and record the corrective 
action taken.
    (c) For each new affected source, you must install, operate, and 
maintain a bag leak detection system according to paragraphs (c)(1) 
through (3) of this section.
    (1) Each bag leak detection system must meet the specifications and 
requirements in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (viii) of this section.
    (i) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the 
manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at concentrations 
of 1 milligram per dry standard cubic meter (0.00044 grains per actual 
cubic foot) or less.
    (ii) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of 
relative PM loadings. The owner or operator shall continuously record 
the output from the bag leak detection system using electronic or other 
means (e.g., using a strip chart recorder or a data logger).
    (iii) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm 
system that will sound when the system detects an increase in relative 
particulate loading over the alarm set point established according to 
paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section, and the alarm must be located 
such that it can be heard by the appropriate plant personnel.
    (iv) In the initial adjustment of the bag leak detection system, 
you must establish, at a minimum, the baseline output by adjusting the 
sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device, the alarm 
set points, and the alarm delay time.
    (v) Following initial adjustment, you shall not adjust the 
averaging period, alarm set point, or alarm delay time without approval 
from the Administrator or delegated authority except as provided in 
paragraph (c)(1)(vi) of this section.
    (vi) Once per quarter, you may adjust the sensitivity of the bag 
leak detection system to account for seasonal effects, including 
temperature and humidity, according to the procedures identified in the 
site-specific monitoring plan required by paragraph (c)(2) of this 
section.
    (vii) You must install the bag leak detection sensor downstream of 
the fabric filter.
    (viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's 
instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
    (2) You must develop and submit to the Administrator or delegated 
authority for approval a site-specific monitoring plan for each bag 
leak detection system. You must operate and maintain the bag leak 
detection system according to the site-specific monitoring plan at all 
times. Each monitoring plan must describe the items in paragraphs 
(c)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section.
    (i) Installation of the bag leak detection system;
    (ii) Initial and periodic adjustment of the bag leak detection 
system, including how the alarm set-point will be established;
    (iii) Operation of the bag leak detection system, including quality 
assurance procedures;
    (iv) How the bag leak detection system will be maintained, 
including a routine maintenance schedule and spare parts inventory 
list;
    (v) How the bag leak detection system output will be recorded and 
stored; and
    (vi) Corrective action procedures as specified in paragraph (c)(3) 
of this section. In approving the site-specific monitoring plan, the 
Administrator or delegated authority may allow owners and operators 
more than 3 hours to alleviate a specific condition that causes an 
alarm if the owner or operator identifies in the monitoring plan this 
specific condition as one that could lead to an alarm, adequately 
explains why it is not feasible to alleviate this condition within 3 
hours of the time the alarm occurs, and demonstrates that the requested 
time will ensure alleviation of this condition as expeditiously as 
practicable.
    (3) For each bag leak detection system, you must initiate 
procedures to determine the cause of every alarm within 1 hour of the 
alarm. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(vi) of this section, you 
must alleviate the cause of the alarm within 3 hours of the alarm by 
taking whatever corrective action(s) are necessary. Corrective actions 
may include, but are not limited to the following:
    (i) Inspecting the fabric filter for air leaks, torn or broken bags 
or filter media, or any other condition that may cause an increase in 
PM emissions;
    (ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media;
    (iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media or otherwise 
repairing the control device;
    (iv) Sealing off a defective fabric filter compartment;
    (v) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe or otherwise 
repairing the bag leak detection system; or
    (vi) Shutting down the process producing the PM emissions.

Sec.  63.11469  What are the notification requirements?

    (a) You must submit the Initial Notification required by Sec.  
63.9(a)(2) no later than 120 calendar days after the applicable 
compliance date specified in Sec.  63.11464. The Initial Notification 
must

[[Page 53869]]

include the information specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of 
this section and may be combined with the Notification of Compliance 
Status required in Sec.  63.11467 and paragraph (b) of this section.
    (1) The name and address of the owner or operator;
    (2) The address (i.e., physical location) of the affected source; 
and
    (3) An identification of the relevant standard, or other 
requirement, that is the basis of the notification and source's 
compliance date.
    (b) You must submit a Notification of Compliance Status required by 
Sec.  63.9(h) no later than 120 days after the applicable compliance 
date specified in Sec.  63.11464. In addition to the information 
required in Sec.  63.9(h)(2)and Sec.  63.11367, your notification must 
include the following certification(s) of compliance, as applicable, 
and signed by a responsible official:
    (1) This certification of compliance by the owner or operator of an 
existing affected source who is relying on a previous performance test: 
``This facility complies with the control efficiency requirement in 
Sec.  63.11465 based on a previous performance test in accordance with 
Sec.  63.11466.''
    (2) This certification of compliance by the owner or operator of 
any new or existing affected source: ``This facility has conducted an 
initial inspection of each control device according to the requirements 
in Sec.  63.11467, will conduct periodic inspections and maintenance of 
control devices in accordance with Sec.  63.11468, and will maintain 
records of each inspection and maintenance action required by Sec.  
63.11470.''
    (3) This certification of compliance by the owner or operator of a 
new affected source: ``This facility has an approved bag leak detection 
system monitoring plan in accordance with Sec.  63.11468(c)(2).''

Sec.  63.11470  What are the recordkeeping requirements?

    (a) You must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and 
(2) of this section.
    (1) As required in Sec.  63.10(b)(2)(xiv), you must keep a copy of 
each notification that you submitted to comply with this subpart and 
all documentation supporting any Initial Notification or Notification 
of Compliance Status that you submitted.
    (2) You must keep the records of all inspection and monitoring data 
required by Sec.  63.11467 and Sec.  63.11468, and the information 
identified in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(v) for each required 
inspection or monitoring.
    (i) The date, place, and time;
    (ii) Person conducting the activity;
    (iii) Technique or method used;
    (iv) Operating conditions during the activity; and
    (v) Results.
    (b) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available 
for expeditious review, according to Sec.  63.10(b)(1).
    (c) As specified in Sec.  63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record 
for 5 years following the date of each recorded action.
    (d) You must keep each record onsite for at least 2 years after the 
date of each recorded action according to Sec.  63.10(b)(1). You may 
keep the records offsite for the remaining 3 years.

Other Requirements and Information

Sec.  63.11471  What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

    Table 1 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions 
in Sec. Sec.  63.1 through 63.16 apply to you.

Sec.  63.11472  What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in 
Sec.  63.2, and in this section as follows:
    Bag leak detection system means a system that is capable of 
continuously monitoring relative particulate matter (dust loadings) in 
the exhaust of a baghouse to detect bag leaks and other upset 
conditions. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited 
to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, 
light transmittance, or other effect to continuously monitor relative 
particulate matter loadings.
    Furnace melting operation means the collection of processes used to 
charge post-consumer nonferrous scrap material to a furnace, melt the 
material, and transfer the molten material to a forming medium.
    Secondary nonferrous metals processing facility means a brass and 
bronze ingot making, secondary magnesium processing, or secondary zinc 
processing plant that uses furnace melting operations to melt post-
consumer nonferrous metal scrap to make products including bars, 
ingots, and blocks, or metal powders.

Sec.  63.11473  Who implements and enforces this subpart?

    (a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA or 
a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If 
the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your State, 
local, or tribal agency, then that agency has the authority to 
implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA 
Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to your State, 
local, or tribal agency.
    (b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this 
subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63, 
subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section 
are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not 
transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
    (c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or 
tribal agencies are listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this 
section.
    (1) Approval of alternatives to the applicability requirements in 
Sec.  63.11462 and 63.11463, the compliance date requirements in Sec.  
63.11464, and the applicable standards in Sec.  63.11465.
    (2) Approval of a major change to a test method under Sec.  
63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f). A ``major change to test method'' is defined in 
Sec.  63.90.
    (3) Approval of a major change to monitoring under Sec.  63.8(f). A 
``major change to monitoring'' is defined in Sec.  63.90.
    (4) Approval of a major change to recordkeeping/reporting under 
Sec.  63.10(f). A ``major change to recordkeeping/reporting'' is 
defined in Sec.  63.90.

Sec.  63.11474  [Reserved]

Tables to Subpart TTTTTT of Part 63

    As stated in Sec.  63.11470, you must comply with the requirements 
of the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A) shown in 
the following table:

     Table 1 to Subpart TTTTTT of Part 63.--Applicability of General
                      Provisions to Subpart TTTTTT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Citation                             Subject
------------------------------------------------------------------------
63.1(a)(1)-(a)(4), (a)(6), (a)(10)-      Applicability.
 (a)(12), (b)(1), (b)(3), (c)(1) \1\,
 (c)(2), (c)(5), (e).
63.2...................................  Definitions.

[[Page 53870]]

63.3...................................  Units and Abbreviations.
63.4...................................  Prohibited Activities and
                                          Circumvention.
63.6(a), (b)(1)-(b)(5), (b)(7), (c)(1),  Compliance with Standards and
 (c)(2), (c)(5), (e)(1), (f), (g), (i),   Maintenance Requirements.
 (j).
63.8(a)(1), (a)(2), (b), (c)(1)(i)-      Monitoring Requirements.
 (c)(1)(ii), (c)(2), (c)(3), (f).
63.9(a), (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(5), (c),    Notification Requirements.
 (d), (h)(1)-(h)(3), (h)(5), (h)(6),
 (i), (j).
63.10(a), (b)(1), (b)(2)(vii),           Recordkeeping and Reporting
 (b)(2)(xiv), (b)(3), (c), (f).           Requirements.
63.12..................................  State Authority and
                                          Delegations.
63.13..................................  Addresses.
63.14..................................  Incorporations by Reference.
63.15..................................  Availability of Information and
                                          Confidentiality.
63.16..................................  Performance Track Provisions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Section 63.11462(b) of this subpart exempts area sources from the
  obligation to obtain title V operating permits.

[FR Doc. E7-18344 Filed 9-19-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-P