Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0667-3650
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2014-08-15T04:00Z

MEMORANDUM

Tetra Tech, Inc.
10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340
Fairfax, VA 22030
phone	703-385-6000
fax	703-385-6007

TO:			Paul Shriner and Jan Matuszko, EPA
FROM:		Kelly Meadows
DATE: 		November 10, 2009

SUBJECT:		Distribution of Closed-Cycle Cooling Systems

EPA requested that Tetra Tech examine the distribution of closed-cycle cooling across several types of facility characteristics.  This memo summarizes Tetra Tech's analysis of the data.

Electric Generators

Generating Capacity
MW
Facilities with Towers (n=174)
All Generators 
(n=671)
0-100
8.2%
13.4%
100-250 
11.2%
13.7%
250-500 
11.3%
14.8%
500-750 
14.5%
14.5%
750-1000 
8%
8.3%
1000-1500 
15.6%
13.1%
1500-2000 
14.9%
9.5%
2000-3000 
12.8%
7.5%
>3000
1.7%
1%
Note that there are 27 retired facilities (according to Abt data) and some that are combustion turbines--these won't show up as having any steam generating capacity.

Waterbody Type
Waterbody Type
Facilities with Towers (n=174)
All Generators 
(n=671)
Freshwater River 
72.6%
52%
Lake 
15.8%
20%
Estuary 
8.2%
17.5%
Great Lake 
3.4%
7.2%
Ocean
0%
3.4%

EPA Region
EPA Region
Facilities with Towers (n=174)
All Generators 
(n=671)
R1 
3%
5.4%
R2 
2.5%
7.5%
R3 
18.4%
11.6%
R4 
24.8%
20.2%
R5 
17.2%
23.1%
R6 
16.7%
15.6%
R7 
4.6%
7.2%
R8 
9.3%
4.2%
R9 
1.8%
4%
R10 
1.7%
1%

Flow
DIF (mgd)
Facilities with Towers (n=174)
Fully CCRS Facilities (n=112)
All Generators (n=671)
2-20 
32.3%
44.4%
9.8%
20-30 
6.9%
8.9%
2.8%
30-40 
7%
10.9%
3.1%
40-50 
4%
4.5%
1.8%
50-75 
5.2%
7.1%
4.4%
75-100 
5.2%
5.4%
3.9%
100-200 
14%
14.5%
13.4%
200-400 
8%
2.7%
16.2%
400-800 
7%
1%
21.6%
800-2000 
9.2%
1%
19.2%
>2000 
1.1%
0%
3.9%
The first column includes combination facilities.

CUR
CUR
Facilities with Towers (n=174)
All Generators 
(n=671)
0-15% 
8.9%
15.2%
15-50% 
6.9%
15%
50-75% 
9.3%
19.7%
75-90% 
60%
42.9%
>90% 
9.8%
7.2%

Fuel Type
Fuel Type
Facilities with Towers (n=174)
All Generators 
(n=671)
Coal 
64%
55.4%
Nuclear 
13.8%
9.3%
Oil 
2.3%
5.1%
Gas 
18.6%
29.3%
Other 
1.9%
1%

Manufacturers

Waterbody Type
Waterbody Type
Facilities with Towers (n=210)
All Manufacturers 
(n=592)
Freshwater River 
78.1%
76.7%
Lake 
8%
7%
Estuary 
7.7%
6.6%
Great Lake 
6.1%
7.8%
Ocean
0%
1.8%

EPA Region
EPA Region
Facilities with Towers (n=210)
All Manufacturers
(n=592)
R1 
2%
5.9%
R2 
2.5%
11.1%
R3 
15.9%
12.8%
R4 
35.9%
18.1%
R5 
12.7%
24%
R6 
21.9%
15.4%
R7 
2.5%
1.9%
R8 
4.2%
2.9%
R9 
0%
1.5%
R10 
2.1%
6%

Flow
DIF (mgd)
Facilities with Towers (n=210)
Fully CCRS Facilities (n=97)
All Manufacturers (n=592)
2-20 
37.4%
57%
39.6%
20-30 
13.2%
21.4%
13.3%
30-40 
14.1%
10.6%
12.6%
40-50 
5.5%
5.7%
7.2%
50-75 
13.7%
1.7%
9.2%
75-100 
4.8%
1.1%
5%
100-200 
5.5%
2.3%
7.4%
200-400 
3%
0%
3.2%
400-800 
2.6%
0%
1.7%
800-2000 
0%
0%
0.5%
>2000 
0%
0%
0.3%
The first column includes combination facilities.

Industry Sector
Industry Sector
Facilities with Towers (n=210)
All Manufacturers
(n=592)
Metals
14%
14.9%
Chemicals
31.5%
31.3%
Paper
30%
37.8%
Petroleum
16%
6.6%
Other
8.4%
9.5%