Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0339-0010
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-04-26T04:00Z

DRAFT
Alkyl
Dimethyl
Benzyl
Ammonium
Chloride
(
ADBAC)

Occupational
and
Residential
Exposure
Assessment
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
Antimicrobials
Division
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
1801
South
Bell
St.
Arlington,
VA
22202
Date:
April
11,
2006
Page
2
of
107
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................
3
1.0
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................
10
1.1
Purpose......................................................................................................................................................
10
1.2
Criteria
for
Conducting
Exposure
Assessments
.......................................................................................
10
1.3
Chemical
Identification
.............................................................................................................................
12
1.4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
...................................................................................................................
14
2.0
USE
INFORMATION..................................................................................................................................
15
2.1
Formulation
Types
and
Percent
Active
Ingredient
..................................................................................
15
2.2
Summary
of
Use
Pattern
and
Formulations
.............................................................................................
15
3.0
SUMMARY
OF
TOXICITY
DATA............................................................................................................
15
3.1
Acute
Toxicity...........................................................................................................................................
15
3.2
Summary
of
Toxicity
Endpoints................................................................................................................
16
3.3
FQPA
Considerations
...............................................................................................................................
17
4.0
RESIDENTIAL
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT
............................................................................................
18
4.1
Summary
of
Registered
Uses
....................................................................................................................
18
4.2
Residential
Exposure.................................................................................................................................
18
4.2.1
Residential
Handler
Exposures
.......................................................................................................
19
4.2.2
Residential
Post­
application
Exposures..........................................................................................
22
4.2.2.1
Hard
Surface
Floor
and
Carpets                   .. 
23
4.2.2.2
Textiles                              
26
4.2.2.3
Treated
Lumber                          ...
29
4.2.2.4
Air
Deodorizers                         ... 
32
4.2.2.5
Swimming
Pools
&
Spas                      . 
34
4.2.2.6
Humidifiers                            .
36
4.2.2.7
Instrument
Mouth
Piece/
Reed                     .
38
4.2.3
Data
Limitations/
Uncertainties                        ..
38
5.0
RESIDENTIAL
AGGREGATE
RISK
ASSESSMENT
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
..........................
39
6.0
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT.......................................................................................
39
6.1
Occupational
Handler
Exposures
.............................................................................................................
43
6.2
Occupational
Post­
application
Exposures
................................................................................................
48
6.2.1
Hand
Sanitizing
...............................................................................................................................
49
6.2.2
Fogging
(
Food
Processing
Plant
and
Hatchery)
.............................................................................
50
6.3
Wood
Preservation....................................................................................................................................
52
6.3.1
Non­
Pressure
Treatment
Scenarios
(
Handler
and
Post­
application)
.............................................
52
6.3.1.1
Scenarios
Assessed
by
Worker
Function                 .
54
6.3.1.2
Scenarios
Assessed
for
Exposure
from
Applications
to
Existing
Homes
(
Handler)...
59
6.3.2
Pressure
Treatment
Scenarios
(
Handler
and
Post­
Application).....................................................
58
6.4
Data
Limitations/
Uncertainties
.................................................................................................................
60
7.0
REFERENCES
..............................................................................................................................................
63
APPENDIX
A:
Master
ADBAC
Label
........................................................................................................................
65
APPENDIX
B:
Summary
of
CMA
and
PHED
Data....................................................................................................
78
APPENDIX
C:
Input/
Output
from
Residential
MCCEM
Modeling............................................................................
81
APPENDIX
D:
Input/
Output
from
Occupational
MCCEM
Modeling........................................................................
98
APPENDIX
E:
Calculation
of
DDAC
Unit
Exposure
Values
..................................................................................
105
Page
3
of
107
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
This
document
is
the
Occupational
and
Residential
Exposure
Chapter
of
the
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
(
RED)
document
for
the
Group
II
Quat
Cluster.
It
addresses
the
potential
risks
to
humans
that
result
from
the
use
of
chemicals
in
this
group
in
occupational
and
residential
settings.
The
Group
II
Quat
Cluster
group
consists
of
structurally
similar
quaternary
ammonium
compounds
("
quats")
that
are
characterized
by
having
positively
charged
nitrogen
covalently
bonded
to
three
alkyl
group
substituents
and
a
benzyl
substituent.
In
finished
form,
these
quats
are
salts
with
the
positively
charged
nitrogen
(
cation)
balanced
by
a
negatively
charged
molecule
(
anion).
The
most
common
anion
for
the
quats
in
this
cluster
is
chloride.
However,
other
anions,
such
as
saccharinate
and
bromide
are
also
used.
The
group
will
be
referred
to
as
ADBAC
(
alkyl
dimethyl
benzyl
ammonium
chloride)
in
this
document.

ADBAC
is
the
active
ingredient
in
numerous
types
of
products.
The
products
are
mainly
disinfectants
and
deodorants
that
are
used
in
agricultural,
food
handling,
commercial/
institutional/
industrial,
residential
and
public
access,
and
medical
settings
(
Use
Site
Categories
I,
II,
III,
IV,
and
V
respectively).
Examples
of
registered
uses
for
ADBAC
in
these
settings
include
application
to
indoor
and
outdoor
hard
surfaces
(
e.
g.,
walls,
floors,
tables,
toilets,
and
fixtures),
eating
utensils,
laundry,
carpets,
agricultural
tools
and
vehicles,
egg
shells,
hands
and
gloves,
shoes,
milking
equipment
and
udders,
humidifiers,
RV
tanks,
medical
instruments,
human
remains,
ultrasonic
tanks,
reverse
osmosis
units,
and
water
storage
tanks.
There
are
also
ADBAC­
containing
products
that
are
used
in
residential
and
commercial
swimming
pools
(
Use
Site
Category
XI),
in
aquatic
areas
(
Use
Site
Category
XII)
such
as
decorative
ponds,
decorative
fountains,
and
agricultural
watering
lines,
and
in
industrial
process
and
water
systems
(
Use
Site
Category
VIII)
such
as
once­
through
and
re­
circulating
cooling
waters
systems,
cooling
towers,
evaporative
condensers,
pasteurizers,
drilling
muds
and
packer
fluids,
oil
well
injection
and
wastewater
systems,
and
in
pulp
and
paper
products,
water,
and
chemicals.
Additionally,
ADBAC­
containing
products
are
used
for
wood
preservation
(
Use
Site
Category
X)
through
non­
pressure
and
pressure­
treatment
method.
There
are
registered
uses
for
fogging
and/
or
air
deodorization
in
both
occupational
and
residential
settings.
Products
containing
ADBAC
are
formulated
as
liquid
ready­
to­
use,
soluble
concentrate,
pressurized
liquid,
and
water
soluble
packaging.
The
percentage
of
ADBAC
in
the
various
end­
use
products
ranges
from
0.06%
to
80%.
Residential
products
such
as
EPA
Reg.
No.
10324­
45
range
up
to
50%
ADBAC
for
swimming
pools
and
spas.

The
durations
and
routes
of
exposure
evaluated
in
this
assessment
include
short­
term
(
ST),
intermediate­
term
(
IT),
and
in
some
instances
long­
term
(
LT)
inhalation
exposures,
ST
dermal
exposures,
and
ST
oral
exposures.
The
inhalation
endpoint
(
all
durations)
is
based
on
an
oral
NOAEL
of
3
mg/
kg/
day
from
a
developmental
toxicity
study
in
rats.
The
adverse
effect
for
this
endpoint
is
based
on
clinical
signs
of
toxicity
in
maternal
rabbits.
For
the
oral
exposure
scenarios,
the
ST
endpoint
(
10
mg/
kg/
day)
is
based
on
adverse
effects
of
decreased
bodyweight
and
food
consumption
in
a
developmental
toxicity
study
in
rats.
No
short­
term
dermal
endpoint
for
systemic
effects
was
selected
for
ADBAC,
since
no
systemic
effects
were
identified.
However,
short­
and
intermediate­
term
dermal
irritation
endpoints
were
identified.
The
short­
term
endpoint
was
determined
from
a
21­
day
dermal
toxicity
in
guinea
pigs
where
a
denuded
non­
vascularized
epidermal
layer
was
observed
at
40
mg
ai/
kg/
day.
The
NOAEL
from
this
study
is
20
mg
ai/
kg/
day
which
is
equivalent
to
333
µ
g
ai/
cm2.
The
Page
4
of
107
intermediate­
term
dermal
was
determined
from
90­
day
dermal
toxicity
in
rats.
The
NOAEL
from
this
study
is
20
mg
ai/
kg/
day
which
is
equivalent
to
80
µ
g
ai/
cm2.
The
endpoint
is
the
highest
dose
tested
before
irritation
became
significant
(
effect
first
observed
at
day
43).
Because
the
effect
is
to
the
skin,
a
skin
concentration
(
µ
g/
cm2),
rather
then
a
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
was
used
to
assess
the
dermal
risk
concerns.
No
body
weight
is
needed
for
the
dermal
irritation
endpoint,
since
no
systemic
dose
is
calculated.
Note:
Although
the
dose
of
20
mg/
kg/
day
is
the
same
for
both
dermal
studies,
the
concentration
of
the
skin
of
the
animal
was
different
in
each
study
because
of
the
difference
in
the
size
of
the
skin
area
dosed
and
the
total
amount
of
chemical
applied
(
i.
e.,
body
weights
differed).
Because
the
toxicological
endpoint
for
inhalation
is
female­
specific,
a
body
weight
of
60
kilograms
is
used
in
the
assessment.
Antimicrobial
Division's
(
AD)
level
of
concern
(
LOC)
for
occupational
and
residential
ADBAC
dermal,
inhalation
and
oral
exposures
is
100
(
i.
e.,
a
margin
of
exposure
(
MOE)
less
than
100
exceeds
the
level
of
concern).
The
level
of
concern
is
based
on
10x
for
interspecies
extrapolation
and
10x
for
intraspecies
extrapolation.

This
occupational
and
residential
assessment
was
based
on
examination
of
product
labels
describing
uses
for
the
product.
There
are
many
end­
use
products
that
contain
ADBAC;
therefore,
only
labels
on
the
Master
Label
developed
by
AD
and
the
registrants
were
reviewed.
It
has
been
determined
that
exposure
to
handlers
can
occur
in
a
variety
of
occupational
and
residential
environments.
Additionally,
post­
application
exposures
are
likely
to
occur
in
these
settings.
The
representative
scenarios
selected
by
the
Antimicrobials
Division
(
AD)
for
assessment
were
evaluated
using
maximum
application
rates
as
stated
on
the
product
labels.
The
representative
scenarios
are
believed
to
represent
high­
end
uses
resulting
in
dermal,
inhalation,
and
incidental
oral
exposure.

To
assess
most
handler
risks,
AD
used
surrogate
unit
exposure
data
from
the
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
antimicrobial
exposure
study
and
the
Pesticide
Handlers
Exposure
Database
(
PHED).
Post
application/
bystander
exposures
were
assessed
using
EPA's
Health
Effects
Division's
(
HED)
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessment,
MCCEM
(
Multi­
Chamber
Concentration
and
Exposure
Model),
and
Swim
Model.
Additionally,
handler
and
post­
application
exposures
resulting
from
wood
preservation
activities
were
assessed
using
surrogate
data
from
the
studies
Measurement
and
Assessment
of
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
to
Didecyl
Dimethyl
Ammonium
Chloride
(
DDAC)
Used
in
the
Protection
of
Cut
Lumber
(
Phase
III)
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999,
MRID
455243­
04)
and
"
Assessment
of
Potential
Inhalation
and
Dermal
Exposure
Associated
with
Pressure
Treatment
of
Wood
with
Arsenical
Wood
Products"
(
ACC,
2002a).

Residential
Handler
Risk
Summary
Dermal
For
the
residential
handler
dermal
exposure
and
risk
assessment,
dermal
risks
were
calculated
by
comparing
residues
on
the
surface
of
the
skin
to
the
short­
term
dermal
irritation
endpoint.
Residues
on
the
surface
of
the
skin
(
dermal
irritation
exposure)
were
determined
using
hand
unit
exposures
from
CMA/
PHED
adjusted
for
the
surface
area
of
the
hand
(
mg/
lb
ai/
cm2),
application
rates,
and
use
amounts.
The
dermal
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios
except
for
the
wiping
and
low
pressure
spray
on
carpets
(
MOEs
=
76
and
72,
respectively).
Therefore,
the
risks
for
these
two
scenarios
exceed
AD's
level
of
concern.
Page
5
of
107
Inhalation
For
the
residential
handler
inhalation
assessment,
the
inhalation
risks
were
calculated
by
comparing
the
daily
doses
to
the
short­
term
inhalation
endpoint.
The
inhalation
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios.

Residential
Post
Application/
Bystander
Risk
Summary
Dermal
The
residential
post­
application
dermal
risks
were
assessed
by
comparing
the
surface
residue
on
the
skin
(
dermal
irritation
exposure)
to
the
short­
term
dermal
endpoint.
It
was
assumed
that
during
the
exposure
period
the
skin
repeatedly
contacts
the
treated
surface
until
a
steady­
state
concentration
of
residues
is
achieved
on
the
skin.
The
short­
term
endpoint
was
used
because
it
was
assumed
that
exposure
to
the
residues
is
not
a
daily
occurrence.
For
all
of
the
residential
scenarios,
the
post­
application
dermal
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100;
therefore,
the
risks
do
not
exceed
the
level
of
concern.

Inhalation
For
the
residential
post­
application
exposure
and
risk
assessment,
the
MOEs
were
below
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
the
following
scenario:

 
Humidifier:
ST/
IT
8­
hr
MOE
=
71
for
adults
and
11
for
children;
ST/
IT
24­
hr
MOE
=
10
for
adults
and
4
for
children
Incidental
Oral
For
the
residential
post­
application
incidental
oral
assessment,
the
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios;
therefore,
the
risks
do
not
exceed
AD's
level
of
concern.

Occupational
Handler
Risk
Summary
Dermal
ADBAC
dermal
irritation
exposures
and
risks
were
not
estimated
for
occupational
handler
exposures.
Instead,
dermal
irritation
exposures
and
risks
will
be
mitigated
using
default
personal
protective
equipment
requirements
based
on
the
toxicity
of
the
end­
use
product.
To
minimize
dermal
exposures,
the
minimum
PPE
required
for
mixers,
loaders,
and
others
exposed
to
end­
use
products
containing
concentrations
of
ADBAC
that
result
in
classification
of
category
I,
II,
or
III
for
skin
irritation
potential
will
be
long­
sleeve
shirt,
long
pants,
shoes,
socks,
chemical­
resistant
gloves,
and
chemical­
resistant
apron.
Once
diluted,
if
the
concentration
of
ADBAC
in
the
diluted
solution
would
result
in
classification
of
toxicity
category
IV
for
skin
irritation
potential,
then
the
chemical­
resistant
gloves
and
chemicalresistant
apron
can
be
eliminated
for
applicators
and
others
exposed
to
the
dilute.
Note
that
chemical­
resistant
eyewear
will
be
required
if
the
end­
use
product
is
classified
as
category
I
or
II
for
eye
irritation
potential.

Inhalation
Page
6
of
107
For
the
occupational
handler
inhalation
exposure
and
risk
assessment,
the
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios
except
for
the
following
scenarios
listed
below.

 
Agricultural
fogging
(
mixing
and
loading):
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
26
 
Medical
premises,
mopping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
95
 
Pulp
and
paper,
liquid
pump:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
33
 
Once­
through
cooling
water,
metering
pump:
Using
the
average
flow
rate
for
high
flow
streams
(
153
MGD)
the
ST
Inhalation
MOE
=
50
for
initial
applications
and
the
IT
MOE
=
95
for
maintenance
applications;
however,
using
the
average
flow
rate
for
low
flow
streams
(
5.9
MGD)
the
ST
Inhalation
MOE
=
1,300
for
initial
applications
and
the
IT
MOE
=
2,500
for
maintenance
applications.
 
Small
process
water
systems,
liquid
pour:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
6
 
Wood
Preservation
(
non­
pressure
treatment),
blender/
sprayer
operator:
ST/
IT/
LT
Inhalation
MOE
=
84
 
Wood
Preservation
(
existing
homes),
airless
sprayer:
ST/
IT/
LT
Inhalation
MOE
=
17
A
confirmatory
inhalation
toxicity
study
may
be
warranted
because
inhalation
MOEs
were
below
1,000
(
additional
10x
uncertainty
factor
is
considered
because
of
the
lack
of
an
inhalation
route­
specific
toxicological
endpoint)
for
the
following
scenarios:

 
Agricultural
­
hard
surfaces,
wiping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
590,
and
for
low
pressure
hand
wand
MOE
=
380.
 
Food
handling
­
hard
surfaces,
wiping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
580
 
Commercial/
Institutional
premises
 
hard
surfaces,
wiping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
360
Occupational
Post
Application/
Bystander
Risk
Summary
Dermal
Dermal
irritation
exposures
are
assumed
to
be
negligible
for
all
post­
application
occupational
scenarios,
except
those
associated
with
wood
preservation
and
hand
sanitization.
As
with
occupational
handlers,
dermal
irritation
exposures
and
risks
from
post­
application
activities
in
a
wood
preservation
treatment
facility
will
be
mitigated
using
default
personal
protective
equipment
requirements
based
on
the
toxicity
of
the
end­
use
product.
For
the
hand
sanitization
and
construction
worker
scenarios
the
calculated
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100.

Inhalation
For
the
inhalation
post­
application
exposure
and
risk
assessment,
the
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios
except
for
the
following
scenarios
listed
below.

 
Fogging
in
a
hatchery:
The
8­
hr
MOE
from
0
to
8
hours
(
immediately
after
fogging)
=
0.5;
however,
the
8­
hr
MOE
from
2
to
10
hours
(
2
hour
re­
entry
interval)
=
1,500.
 
Fogging
in
a
food
processing
plant:
The
8­
hr
MOE
from
2
to
10
hours
(
2
hour
reentry
interval)
=
1.
The
difference
in
the
MOEs
for
hatcheries
versus
food
processing
plants
is
the
assumed
ventilation
rate
(
hatcheries
assigned
a
higher
rate).
Page
7
of
107
A
confirmatory
inhalation
toxicity
study
may
be
warranted
because
the
inhalation
MOE
was
below
1,000
(
additional
10x
uncertainty
factor
is
considered
because
of
the
lack
of
an
inhalation
route­
specific
toxicological
endpoint)
for
the
following
scenario:

 
Non­
pressure
treatment
wood
preservation,
clean­
up
worker:
ST/
IT/
LT
Inhalation
MOE
=
480
Data
Limitations
and
Uncertainties:

There
are
a
number
of
uncertainties
associated
with
this
assessment
and
these
have
been
reiterated
from
Sections
4.2.3
(
residential)
and
6.4
(
occupational).
The
data
limitations
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
residential
handler
and
post­
application
exposure
assessments
include
the
following:

 
Surrogate
dermal
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
were
taken
from
the
proprietary
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
antimicrobial
exposure
study
(
USEPA,
1999:
DP
Barcode
D247642)
or
from
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
(
USEPA,
1998)
(
See
Appendix
B
for
summaries
of
these
data
sources).
Most
of
the
CMA
data
are
of
poor
quality
therefore,
AD
requests
that
confirmatory
monitoring
data
be
generated
to
support
the
values
used
in
these
assessments.
 
The
quantities
handled/
treated
were
estimated
based
on
information
from
various
sources,
including
HED's
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessments
(
USEPA
2000,
and
2001).
In
certain
cases,
no
standard
values
were
available
for
some
scenarios.
Assumptions
for
these
scenarios
were
based
on
AD
estimates
and
could
be
further
refined
from
input
from
registrants.
 
Some
labels
for
products
which
can
be
used
by
homeowners
in
residential
settings,
as
well
as
by
workers
in
occupational
settings,
indicate
that
low
pressure
sprayers
can
be
used
for
application
of
the
disinfectant
to
hard,
non­
porous
surfaces
such
as
floors
and
walls.
A
low
pressure
spray
scenario
was
not
assessed
for
the
residential
scenario
because
it
is
not
a
typical
cleaning
method
for
homeowners.
 
At
this
time,
the
Agency
does
not
have
exposure
data
to
assess
oral
exposures
to
children
and
adults
from
using
treated
mouthpieces
and
reeds;
therefore,
the
Agency
is
requesting
residue
data
from
treated
mouthpieces
and
reeds.
 
In
this
assessment,
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
exposures
to
treated
wood
were
estimated
for
ADBAC
using
surrogate
DDAC
data.
The
degree
of
uncertainty
(
under­
or
overestimation)
associated
with
using
the
surrogate
DDAC
hand
residue
data
for
ADBAC
dermal
and
oral
exposure
from
contacting
treated
lumber
are
unknown.
The
amount
of
residue
measured
on
the
test
subjects
hands
is
variable
and
are
influenced
by
the
duration
of
exposure,
how
often
wood
is
contacted,
and
the
degree
of
contact
(
i.
e.,
do
the
hand
residues
from
the
DDAC
study
mimic
a
child's
play
activity
on
decks
and
play
sets?).
A
confirmatory
wipe
study
with
ADBAC
and/
or
DDAC
treated
wood
will
need
to
be
determined
during
the
risk
mitigation
phase
of
the
RED
process.
 
Available
data
to
assess
the
levels
of
ADBAC
in
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood
do
not
exist
at
this
time.
In
addition,
leaching
data
were
also
not
available.
Because
of
this
data
gap,
EPA
was
not
able
to
accurately
predict
dermal
and
incidental
ingestion
residential
post­
application
exposures
to
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood.
Page
8
of
107
The
data
limitations
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
occupational
handler
and
postapplication
exposure
assessments
include:

 
Surrogate
dermal
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
were
taken
from
the
proprietary
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
antimicrobial
exposure
study
(
USEPA,
1999:
DP
Barcode
D247642)
or
from
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
(
USEPA,
1998)
(
See
Appendix
B
for
summaries
of
these
data
sources).
Since
the
CMA
data
are
of
poor
quality,
the
Agency
requests
that
confirmatory
data
be
submitted
to
support
the
occupational
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document.
 
Unit
exposures
are
not
available
for
some
of
the
specific
scenarios
that
are
prescribed
for
ADBAC.
These
scenarios
include
the
following:
open
loading
into
oil­
well/
field
environments
and
metering
into
once­
through
cooling
water
systems
at
power
plants.

o
The
CMA
data
used
for
oil­
well
uses
are
based
on
open
pouring
of
a
material
preservative.
Although
these
data
are
only
represented
by
2
replicates
each,
the
exposure
values
are
similar
to
open
loading
of
pesticides
in
PHED.
Furthermore,
there
are
no
representative
unit
exposure
data
for
chemical
metering
into
secondary
recovery
oil
operations.
Since
the
volume
of
water
being
treated
in
secondary
recovery
operations
is
so
large,
the
available
CMA
data
can
not
be
reliably
extrapolated
because
they
are
based
on
activities
that
handle
much
lower
volumes
and
possibly
different
techniques.
Therefore,
it
was
assumed
that
if
the
open
pour
handling
activities
for
the
other
oil
well
operations
resulted
in
MOEs
that
are
not
of
concern,
then
the
MOEs
for
the
closed
system
chemical
metering
into
secondary
recovery
operations
would
also
be
not
of
concern.
AD
requests
that
confirmatory
data
be
conducted
to
show
that
this
is
accurate.
o
The
CMA
data
used
for
once­
through
cooling
water
systems
at
power
plants
are
based
on
closed
metering
for
pulp
and
paper.
The
pulp
and
paper
unit
exposures
were
deemed
more
appropriate
than
the
cooling
water
tower
data
because
of
the
large
volume
of
water
treated
in
once­
through
cooling
water
systems
at
power
plants.
However,
the
CMA
data
for
pulp
and
paper
does
not
reliably
represent
the
volume
of
water
treated
and
the
possibly
different
techniques
used
to
treat
the
water.
 
For
the
wood
preservative
pressure
treatment
scenarios,
CCA
exposure
data
were
used
for
lack
of
ADBAC­
specific
exposure
data
and
for
the
wood
preservative
non­
pressure
treatment
scenarios,
DDAC
exposure
data
were
used
for
the
lack
of
ADBAC­
specific
exposure
data.
Limitations
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
use
of
these
data
include:
o
The
assumption
was
made
that
exposure
patterns
for
workers
at
treatment
facilities
using
CCA
and
DDAC
would
be
similar
to
exposure
patterns
for
workers
at
treatment
facilities
using
ADBAC,
and
therefore
the
exposures
could
be
used
as
surrogate
data
for
workers
that
treat
wood
with
ADBAC.
o
For
environmental
modeling,
it
was
assumed
that
the
leaching
process
from
the
ADBAC
treated
wood
would
be
similar
to
that
of
CCA
and
DDAC.
However,
due
to
the
lack
of
real
data
for
ADBAC
­
treated
wood,
it
is
not
possible
to
verify
this
assumption.
 
The
quantities
handled/
treated
were
estimated
based
on
information
from
various
sources,
including
HED's
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessments
(
USEPA
2000,
and
2001)
and
personal
communication
with
Page
9
of
107
experts.
In
particular,
the
use
information
for
the
pulp
and
paper
processing,
oil­
well
uses,
and
small
process
water
system
uses
are
based
on
personal
communication
with
biocide
manufacturers
for
these
types
of
uses.
The
individuals
contacted
have
experience
in
these
operations
and
their
estimates
are
believed
to
be
the
best
available
without
undertaking
a
statistical
survey
of
the
uses.
In
certain
cases,
no
standard
values
were
available
for
some
scenarios.
Assumptions
for
these
scenarios
were
based
on
AD
estimates
and
could
be
further
refined
from
input
from
registrants.
For
example,
the
quantities
handled/
treated
for
the
application
of
ADBAC
to
the
surface
of
metal/
wood
cooling
towers
could
be
refined.
 
The
type
of
spray
equipment
to
be
used
was
not
specifically
mentioned
on
the
labels
for
some
scenarios,
such
as
for
surface
sprays
to
metal
and
wood
cooling
water
towers.
Therefore,
these
scenarios
were
assessed
using
the
PHED
airless
spray
unit
exposures,
which
represents
high­
end
exposure.
In
these
cases,
the
appropriate
application
equipment
could
be
further
refined.
 
The
percent
active
ingredient
in
solution
for
the
pressure
treatment
of
lumber
needs
to
be
refined
by
the
registrants.
The
labels
only
provided
a
retention
rate.
For
this
assessment,
the
application
rate
on
the
master
label
was
used,
which
is
the
same
as
the
application
rate
for
non­
pressure
treatment
of
lumber.
Page
10
of
107
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose
In
this
document,
the
Antimicrobials
Division
(
AD)
presents
the
results
of
its
review
of
the
potential
human
health
effects
of
occupational
and
residential
exposure
to
ADBAC.
This
information
is
for
use
in
EPA's
development
of
the
ADBAC
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
(
RED)
document.

1.2
Criteria
for
Conducting
Exposure
Assessments
An
occupational
and/
or
residential
exposure
assessment
is
required
for
an
active
ingredient
if
(
1)
certain
toxicological
criteria
are
triggered
and
(
2)
there
is
potential
exposure
to
handlers
(
mixers,
loaders,
applicators,
etc.)
during
use
or
to
persons
entering
treated
sites
after
application
is
complete.
For
ADBAC,
both
criteria
are
met.
Toxicological
endpoints
were
selected
for
short­
and
intermediate­
term
dermal,
inhalation,
and
incidental
oral
exposures
to
ADBAC.
There
is
a
significant
potential
for
exposure
in
a
variety
of
occupational
and
residential
settings.
Therefore,
risk
assessments
are
required
for
occupational
and
residential
handlers
as
well
as
for
occupational
and
residential
post
application
exposures
that
can
occur
as
a
result
of
ADBAC
use.

In
this
document,
handler
scenarios
were
assessed
by
using
unit
exposure
data
to
estimate
occupational
and
residential
handlers'
exposures.
Unit
exposures
are
estimates
of
the
amount
of
exposure
to
an
active
ingredient
a
handler
receives
while
performing
various
handler
tasks
and
are
expressed
in
terms
of
micrograms
or
milligrams
(
1
mg
=
1,000
µ
g)
of
active
ingredient
per
pounds
of
active
ingredient
handled.
A
series
of
unit
exposures
have
been
developed
that
are
unique
for
each
scenario
typically
considered
in
assessments
(
i.
e.,
there
are
different
unit
exposures
for
different
types
of
application
equipment,
job
functions,
and
levels
of
protection).
The
unit
exposure
concept
has
been
established
in
the
scientific
literature
and
also
through
various
exposure
monitoring
guidelines
published
by
the
USEPA
and
international
organizations
such
as
Health
Canada
and
OECD
(
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development).

Using
surrogate
unit
exposure
data,
maximum
application
rates
from
labels,
and
EPA
estimates
of
daily
amount
handled,
exposures
and
risks
to
handlers
were
assessed.
The
exposure/
risks
were
calculated
using
the
following
equations:

Daily
Exposure:
Daily
skin
concentration
and
inhalation
handler
exposures
are
estimated
for
each
applicable
handler
task
with
the
application
rate,
quantity
treated/
handled
in
a
day,
and
the
applicable
inhalation
unit
exposure
using
the
following
formula:

Daily
Inhalation
Exposure:
E
=
UE
x
AR
x
AT
(
Eq.
1a)

Where:
E
=
Amount
(
mg
ai/
day)
inhaled
that
is
available
for
inhalation
absorption;
UE
=
Unit
exposure
value
(
mg
ai/
lb
ai)
derived
from
August
1998
PHED
data
or
from
1992
CMA
data;
Page
11
of
107
AR
=
Maximum
application
rate
based
on
a
logical
unit
treatment,
such
as
acres
(
A),
square
feet
(
sq.
ft.),
gallons
(
gal),
or
cubic
feet
(
cu.
ft).
Maximum
values
are
generally
used
(
lb
ai/
A,
lb
ai/
sq
ft,
lb
ai/
gal,
lb
ai/
cu
ft);
and
AT
=
Normalized
application
area
based
on
a
logical
unit
treatment
such
as
acres
(
A/
day),
square
feet
(
sq
ft/
day),
gallons
(
gal/
day),
or
cubic
feet
(
cu
ft/
day).

Daily
Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposure:
E
=
UEhand/
SAhand
x
AR
x
AT
(
Eq.
1b)

Where:
E
=
Amount
(
mg
ai/
cm2)
deposited
on
the
surface
of
the
skin;
UEhand
=
Unit
exposure
value
(
mg
ai/
lb
ai)
derived
from
August
1998
PHED
data
or
from
1992
CMA
data;
SAhand
=
Surface
area
of
two
hands
(
820
cm2);
AR
=
Maximum
application
rate
based
on
a
logical
unit
treatment,
such
as
acres
(
A),
square
feet
(
sq.
ft.),
gallons
(
gal),
or
cubic
feet
(
cu.
ft).
Maximum
values
are
generally
used
(
lb
ai/
A,
lb
ai/
sq
ft,
lb
ai/
gal,
lb
ai/
cu
ft);
and
AT
=
Normalized
application
area
based
on
a
logical
unit
treatment
such
as
acres
(
A/
day),
square
feet
(
sq
ft/
day),
gallons
(
gal/
day),
or
cubic
feet
(
cu
ft/
day).

Daily
Dose:
The
inhalation
dose
is
calculated
by
normalizing
the
daily
exposure
by
body
weight
and
adjusting,
if
necessary,
with
an
appropriate
absorption
factor.
An
absorption
factor
of
100%
was
used
for
inhalation
exposures.
A
daily
dose
is
not
calculated
for
dermal
exposures,
because
the
dermal
endpoint
selected
is
based
on
irritation
effects,
not
systemic
effects.
Daily
dose
was
calculated
using
the
following
formula:

Daily
Dose:
ADD
=
E
x
ABS
(
Eq.
2)
BW
Where:
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
or
the
absorbed
dose
received
from
exposure
to
a
chemical
in
a
given
scenario
(
mg
active
ingredient/
kg
body
weight/
day);
E
=
Amount
(
mg
ai/
day)
inhaled
that
is
available
for
inhalation
absorption;
ABS
=
A
measure
of
the
amount
of
chemical
that
crosses
a
biological
boundary
such
as
lungs
(%
of
the
total
available
absorbed);
and
BW
=
Body
weight
determined
to
represent
the
population
of
interest
in
a
risk
assessment
(
kg).

Margins
of
Exposure:
Non­
cancer
inhalation
risks
for
each
applicable
handler
scenario
are
calculated
using
a
Margin
of
Exposure
(
MOE).
This
is
the
ratio
of
the
daily
inhalation
dose
or
dermal
exposure
to
the
toxicological
endpoint
of
concern.

Margins
of
Exposure
(
inhalation):
MOE
=
NOAEL
or
LOAEL
(
Eq.
3a)
ADD
Where:
MOE
=
Margin
of
exposure,
value
used
to
represent
risk
or
how
close
a
chemical
exposure
is
to
being
a
concern
(
unitless);
NOAEL
or
LOAEL
=
Systemic
toxicity
level
where
no
observed
adverse
effects
(
NOAEL)
or
where
the
lowest
observed
adverse
effects
(
LOAEL)
occurred
in
the
study
(
mg
ai/
kg
body
weight/
day);
and
ADD
=
Average
daily
inhalation
dose
in
a
given
scenario
(
mg
ai/
kg
body
weight/
day).

Margins
of
Exposure
(
dermal):
MOE
=
NOAEL
or
LOAEL
(
Eq.
3b)
E
Page
12
of
107
Where:
MOE
=
Margin
of
exposure,
value
used
to
represent
risk
or
how
close
a
chemical
exposure
is
to
being
a
concern
(
unitless);
NOAEL
or
LOAEL
=
Irritation
level
where
no
observed
adverse
effects
(
NOAEL)
or
where
the
lowest
observed
adverse
effects
(
LOAEL)
occurred
in
the
study
(:
g/
cm2);
and
E
=
Dermal
skin
irritation
exposure
in
a
given
scenario
(:
g/
cm2).

In
addition
to
the
target
MOEs
presented
in
Table
3.2
that
were
used
for
the
analysis,
a
series
of
assumptions
and
exposure
factors
served
as
the
basis
for
completing
the
handler
risk
assessment.
Each
general
assumption
and
factor
for
both
residential
and
occupational
assessments
is
detailed
below.
Assumptions
specific
to
the
use
site
category
are
listed
in
each
separate
section
of
this
document.
The
general
assumptions
and
factors
include:

 
ADBAC
products
are
widely
used
and
have
a
large
number
of
use
patterns
that
are
difficult
to
completely
capture
in
this
document.
As
such,
AD
has
patterned
this
risk
assessment
on
a
series
of
likely
representative
scenarios
for
each
use
site
that
are
believed
by
AD
to
represent
the
vast
majority
of
ADBAC
uses.
 
Based
on
the
adverse
effects
for
the
endpoints,
the
average
body
weight
of
a
female
adult
handler
(
60
kg)
was
used
for
the
inhalation
risk
assessment.
 
Exposure
factors
used
to
calculate
daily
exposures
to
handlers
were
based
on
applicable
data,
if
available.
When
appropriate
data
were
lacking,
values
from
a
scenario
deemed
similar
were
used.
 
The
maximum
application
rates
allowed
by
labels
were
assumed.

1.3
Chemical
Identification
The
Group
II
Quat
Cluster
(
ADBAC),
is
comprised
of
a
group
of
structurally
similar
quaternary
ammonium
compounds
("
quats")
that
are
characterized
by
having
a
positively
charged
nitrogen
covalently
bonded
to
three
alkyl
group
substituents
and
a
benzyl
substituent.
In
finished
form,
these
quats
are
salts
with
the
positively
charged
nitrogen
(
cation)
balanced
by
a
negatively
charged
molecule
(
anion).
The
most
common
anion
for
the
quats
in
this
cluster
is
chloride.
However,
other
anions,
such
as
saccharinate
and
bromide
are
also
used.

Currently,
there
are
21
active
ingredients
included
in
the
group.
Table
1.1
below
provides
the
common
chemical
name,
active
ingredient
code,
CAS
number,
chemical
structure
and
number
of
registered
product
for
each
compound.

Table
1.1.
Active
Ingredients
in
the
Group
II
Quat
Cluster
Identified
by
the
AIJV
Product
Code
CAS
RN
Name
Structure
Chain
Lengths
69104
53516­
76­
0
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
5%)
C14
(
60%)
C16
(
30%)
C
18
(
5%)

69105
68424­
85­
1
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
40%)
C14
(
50%)
C16
(
10%)
Page
13
of
107
Table
1.1.
Active
Ingredients
in
the
Group
II
Quat
Cluster
Identified
by
the
AIJV
Product
Code
CAS
RN
Name
Structure
Chain
Lengths
69106
8001­
54­
5
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
50%)
C14
(
30%)
C16
(
17%)
C18
(
3%)

69107
139­
08­
2
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
1%)
C14
(
98%)
C16
(
1%)

69119
73049­
75­
9
Dialkyl
Methyl
BAC
N+

R
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
5%)
C14
(
60%)
C16
(
30%)
C18
(
5%)

69137
68424­
85­
1
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
25%)
C14
(
60%)
C16
(
15%)

69140
61789­
71­
7
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C8­
10
(
2.5%)
C14
(
61%)
C16
(
23%)
C18
(
2.5%)

69141
68424­
85­
1
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
14%)
C14
(
58%)
C16
(
28%)

69157
68424­
85­
1
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
65%)
C14
(
25%)
C16
(
10%)

69175
68391­
01­
5
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
67%)
C14
(
25%)
C16
(
7%)
C18
(
1%)

69189
68391­
01­
5
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
61%)
C14
(
23%)
C16
(
11%)
C18
(
5%)

69184
68424­
85­
1
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
3%)
C14
(
95%)
C16
(
2%)

69192
85409­
22­
9
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­

R
=
C12
(
70%)
C14
(
30%)

69194
68424­
85­
1
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C12
(
5%)
C14
(
90%)
C16
(
5%)

128928
63449­
41­
2
ADBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
R
=
C8
 
Not
specified
C10
 
Not
specified
C12
(
67%)
C14
(
25%)
C16
(
7%)
C18
 
Not
specified
69171
68989­
01­
5
ADBA
Saccharinate
N
+

R
CH3
R
O
­
N
S
O
O
R
=
C12
(
40%)
C14
(
50%)
C16
(
10%)

69154
85409­
23­
0
ADEBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
H3C
R
=
C12
(
68%)
C14
(
32%)
Page
14
of
107
Table
1.1.
Active
Ingredients
in
the
Group
II
Quat
Cluster
Identified
by
the
AIJV
Product
Code
CAS
RN
Name
Structure
Chain
Lengths
69111
8045­
21­
4
ADEBAC
N+

CH3
CH3
R
Cl­
H3C
R
=
C12
(
50%)
C14
(
30%)
C16
(
17%)
C18
(
3%)

69122
121­
54­
0
Diisobutylphenoxyethyoxyethyl
dimethyl
benzyl
ammonium
chloride
[
Benzethonium
Chloride]
CH3
H3C
O
O
N+

H3C
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
Cl­

69129
1399­
80­
0
Methyl
dodecyl
benzyl
tri
methyl
ammonium
chloride
­
80%

Methyl
dodecyl
xylene
bis
tri
methyl
ammonium
chloride
 
20%

69134
25155­
18­
4
Diisobutyl
cresoxyethoxyethyl
dimethyl
benzyl
ammonium
chloride
monohydrate
1.4
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
Table
1.2
shows
physical/
chemical
characteristics
that
have
been
reported
for
ADBAC.

Table
1.2.
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
of
ADBAC
Parameter
ADBAC
Molecular
Weight
377.83
Density
0.9429
g/
cm3
at
25
C
Boiling
Point
Could
not
be
established
Water
Solubility
Completely
soluble
Vapor
Pressure
3.53E­
12
mmHg
Page
15
of
107
2.0
USE
INFORMATION
2.1
Formulation
Types
and
Percent
Active
Ingredient
The
products
containing
ADBAC
as
the
active
ingredient
(
a.
i)
are
formulated
as
liquid
ready­
to­
use,
soluble
concentrate,
pressurized
liquid,
and
water
soluble
packaging.
Concentrations
of
ADBAC
in
these
products
range
from
0.06%
to
80%
as
reported
on
the
Master
Label
spreadsheet
(
Appendix
A).

2.2
Summary
of
Use
Pattern
and
Formulations
The
Agency
determines
potential
exposures
to
handlers
of
the
product
by
identifying
exposure
scenarios
from
the
various
application
methods
that
are
plausible,
given
the
label
uses.
These
scenarios
are
identified
in
Appendix
A.
Based
on
a
review
of
product
labels,
ADBAC
is
the
active
ingredient
in
products
used
in
the
following
use
site
categories:
I
(
Agricultural
premises
and
equipment),
II
(
Food
handling/
storage
establishments
premises
and
equipment),
III
(
Commercial,
institutional
and
industrial
premises
and
equipment),
IV
(
Residential
and
public
access
premises),
V
(
Medical
premises
and
equipment),
VIII
(
Industrial
processes
and
water
systems),
X
(
Wood
preservatives),
XI
(
Swimming
pools),
and
XII
(
Aquatic
areas).

From
the
scenarios
in
Appendix
A,
AD
selected
representative
exposure
scenarios
to
assess
the
labeled
uses
of
ADBAC
in
this
document.
These
scenarios
were
selected
to
be
representative
of
the
vast
majority
of
uses
and
are
believed
to
provide
high­
end
degrees
of
dermal,
inhalation,
or
incidental
ingestion
exposure.
The
representative
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document
are
shown
in
Table
4.1
(
residential)
and
Table
6.1
(
occupational).

3.0
SUMMARY
OF
TOXICITY
DATA
3.1
Acute
Toxicity
The
acute
toxicity
data
for
ADBAC
are
summarized
below
in
Table
3.1
(
USEPA,
2006).

Table
3.1.
Acute
Toxicity
of
ADBAC.

Guideline
Number
Test
Substance
MRID
Results
Toxicity
Category
870.1100
Acute
oral,
rat
BQ451­
8
Biocide
(
Purity
82.26%)
45109204
LD50
=
304.5
mg/
kg
(
combined)

LD50
=
510.9
mg/
kg
(
males)
LD50
=
280.8
mg/
kg
(
females)
II
870.1200
Acute
dermal,
rat
BQ451­
8
Biocide
(
Purity
82.26%)
45109202
LD50
=
930
mg/
kg
(
combined)

LD50
=
1100
mg/
kg
(
males)
LD50
=
704
mg/
kg
(
females)
II
870.1300
Acute
inhalation,
rat
44885201
0.054
<
LC50
<
0.51
mg/
L
II
Page
16
of
107
(
Purity
82.26%)

870.2400
Primary
Eye
Irritation
Waived
N/
A
I
870.2500
Primary
Dermal
Irritation,
,
rabbit
BQ451­
8
Biocide
(
Purity
82.26%)
45109201
Corrosive
I
870.2600
Dermal
sensitization,
guinea
pigs
BQ451­
8
Biocide
(
Purity
82.26%)
45109201
Not
a
dermal
sensitizer
N/
A
3.2
Summary
of
Toxicity
Endpoints
Table
3.2
summarizes
the
toxicological
endpoints
for
ADBAC
(
USEPA,
2006).

Table
3.2
Summary
of
Toxicological
Endpoints
for
ADBAC
Exposure
Scenario
Dose
Used
in
Risk
Assessment
(
mg/
kg/
day)
Target
MOE
or
UF,
Special
FQPA
SF
for
Risk
Assessment
Study
and
Toxicological
Effects
Acute
Dietary
(
general
population;
females
13+)
An
acute
dietary
endpoint
was
not
identified
in
the
data
base.
This
risk
assessment
is
not
required
FQPA
SF
=
1
UF
=
100
(
10x
inter­
species
extrapolation,
10x
intra­
species
variation)
Chronic
toxicity/
carcinogenicity
 
rat
MRID
41947501
LOAEL
=
88
mg/
kg/
day,
based
on
decreased
body
weight
and
weight
gain
Chronic
Dietary
NOAEL
=
44
mg/
kg/
day
Chronic
RfD
=
0.44
mg/
kg/
day
Incidental
Oral
(
short­
term)
NOAEL
=
10
mg/
kg/
day
FQPA
SF
=
1
UF
=
100
(
10x
inter­
species
extrapolation,
10x
intra­
species
variation)
Developmental
Toxicity
 
Rat,
MRID
42351501
LOAEL
=
30
mg/
kg/
day,
based
on
decreased
body
weight
and
food
consumption
Incidental
Oral
(
intermediate­
term)
NOAEL
=
10
mg/
kg/
day
FQPA
SF
=
1
UF
=
100
(
10x
inter­
species
extrapolation,
10x
intra­
species
variation)
Developmental
Toxicity
 
Rat,
MRID
42351501
LOAEL
=
30
mg/
kg/
day,
based
on
decreased
body
weight
and
food
consumption
Short­
Term
Dermal
[
formulated
product
(
4%
ai)]
NOAEL=
20
mg
ai/
kg/
day
(
333
µ
g
ai/
cm2)
FQPA
SF
=
1
UF
=
100
(
10x
inter­
species
extrapolation,
10x
intra­
species
variation)
21­
day
dermal
toxicity­
guinea
pigs
MRID
41105801
LOAEL
=
40
mg
ai/
kg/
day,
based
on
denuded
non­
vascularized
epidermal
layer
Page
17
of
107
Table
3.2
Summary
of
Toxicological
Endpoints
for
ADBAC
Exposure
Scenario
Dose
Used
in
Risk
Assessment
(
mg/
kg/
day)
Target
MOE
or
UF,
Special
FQPA
SF
for
Risk
Assessment
Study
and
Toxicological
Effects
Intermediate­
Term
Dermal
[
technical
grade
a.
i.
(
80%
ai)]
NOAEL
=
20
mg
ai/
kg/
day
(
80
µ
g
ai/
cm2)
UF
=
100
(
10x
inter­
species
extrapolation,
10x
intra­
species
variation)
90­
day
dermal
toxicity
in
rats
MRID
41499601
20
mg
ai/
kg/
day
is
the
highest
dose
tested
before
irritation
became
significant
at
day
43
Short­
Term
Dermal
(
technical
grade
a.
i.)
No
appropriate
endpoint
identified
from
the
available
data
on
dermal
irritation.
Dermal
irritation
in
the
90
day
dermal
toxicity
study
was
not
evident
until
day
43
(
MRID
41499601).

Long­
Term
Dermal
(
TGAI)
No
appropriate
endpoint
identified.
No
systemic
effects
observed
up
to
20
mg/
kg/
day,
highest
dose
of
technical
grade
that
could
be
tested
without
irritation
effects.

Inhalationc
(
Any
time
point)
NOAEL=
3
mg/
kg/
day
MOE
=
100c
UF
=
100
(
10x
inter­
species
extrapolation,
10x
intra­
species
variation)

Note:
an
additional
10x
is
used
for
route
extrapolation
to
determine
if
a
confirmatory
study
is
needed
Developmental
Toxicity
 
rabbit,
MRID
42392801
LOAEL
=
9
mg/
kg/
day,
based
on
clinical
signs
of
toxicity
in
maternal
rabbits
UF
=
uncertainty
factor,
FQPA
SF
=
FQPA
safety
factor,
NOAEL
=
no
observed
adverse
effect
level,
LOAEL
=
lowest
observed
adverse
effect
level,
RfD
=
reference
dose,
MOE
=
margin
of
exposure,
LOC
=
Level
of
concern,
NA
=
Not
Applicable.
a
Formulated­
based
dermal
endpoint
=
(
20
mg
ai/
kg
guinea
pig
x
0.43
kg
guinea
pig
x
1000
ug/
mg)
/
25.8
cm2
area
of
guinea
pig
dosed
=
333
µ
g
ai/
cm2
.
b
TGAI­
based
dermal
endpoint
=
(
20
mg
ai/
kg
rat
x
0.2
kg
rat
x
1000
ug/
mg)
/
50
cm2
area
of
rat
dosed
=
80
µ
g
ai/
cm2
cAn
additional
uncertainty
factor
of
10x
is
applied
for
use
of
an
oral
endpoint
for
route­
to­
route
extrapolation
to
determine
if
a
confirmatory
inhalation
toxicity
study
is
warranted.

3.3
FQPA
Considerations
The
ADTC
(
USEPA,
2006)
recommended
that
the
FQPA
safety
factor
be
removed
for
ADBAC,
based
upon
the
existence
of
a
complete
developmental
and
reproductive
toxicity
database
and
the
lack
of
evidence
for
increased
susceptibility
in
these
data.
Page
18
of
107
4.0
RESIDENTIAL
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT
4.1
Summary
of
Registered
Uses
Products
containing
ADBAC
can
be
used
as
general
cleaners,
disinfectants,
and
deodorizers.
These
products
are
primarily
for
use
on
indoor
surfaces
such
as
hard
floors,
carpets,
walls,
bathroom
fixtures,
trash
cans,
toilet
bowls,
and
household
contents.
Additionally,
other
uses
in
the
home
include
aerosol
air
deodorizing
products,
liquid
laundry
deodorizers
that
are
added
to
the
final
rinse
of
the
wash
cycle,
algaecide/
bactericides
that
are
added
to
portable
humidifiers
and
RV
holding
tanks,
disinfectants
for
musical
instrument
mouthpieces
and
reeds,
swimming
pools,
and
decorative
ponds
and
fountains.
Residents
may
also
be
exposed
to
items
that
have
been
treated
with
ADBAC
in
occupational
settings,
such
as
dimensional
lumber
for
decks
and
play
sets.
Appendix
A
presents
a
summary
of
all
exposure
scenarios
that
may
occur
in
residential
settings
based
on
examination
of
product
labels.
Table
4.1
identifies
the
representative
exposure
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document.

4.2
Residential
Exposure
The
exposure
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document
for
the
representative
uses
selected
by
AD
are
shown
in
Table
4.1.
The
table
also
shows
the
maximum
application
rate
associated
with
the
representative
use
and
the
EPA
Registration
number
for
the
corresponding
product
label.
It
should
be
noted
that
for
the
calculation
of
application
rates
in
which
8.34
lb/
gal
is
noted,
the
product
is
assumed
to
have
the
density
of
water
because
no
product­
specific
density
is
available.
Handler
exposures
were
assessed
for
the
application
of
ADBAC
to
indoor
hard
surfaces,
carpets,
RV
holding
tanks,
and
swimming
pools.
Post­
application
exposures
were
assessed
for
dermal
and/
or
oral
contact
with
treated
surfaces
including
hard
floors,
carpets,
textiles,
lumber,
and
pool
water.
Post­
application/
bystander
inhalation
exposures
were
assessed
for
air
deodorizer
and
humidifier.
ADBAC
has
a
low
vapor
pressure,
and
therefore,
inhalation
exposure
is
to
the
aerosol
generation.

Table
4.1.
Representative
Uses
Associated
with
Residential
Exposure
Representative
Use
Application
Method
Exposure
Scenario
Registration
#
Application
Rate
Indoor
Hard
Surfaces
 
Mopping
 
Wiping
 
Trigger
pump
spray
ST
Handler:
adult
dermal
and
inhalation
ST
Post­
app:
child
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
6836­
193
(#
10%
ai)
and
10324­
118
(>
10%
ai)
a
Products
with
#
10%
ai
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
(
0.3%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Products
with
>
10%
ai
0.0070
lb
ai/
gal
for
mop
and
wipe
(
21.7%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
0.5
oz/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)
and
0.014
lb
ai/
gal
for
trigger
pump
sprayer
(
21.7%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1
oz/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)
Page
19
of
107
Table
4.1.
Representative
Uses
Associated
with
Residential
Exposure
Representative
Use
Application
Method
Exposure
Scenario
Registration
#
Application
Rate
Indoor
Hard
Surfaces/
Air
Deodorization
 
Aerosol
spray
ST
Handler:
adult
dermal
and
inhalation
ST
Post­
app:
child
and
adult
inhalation
1839­
85
0.2%
a.
i.
by
weight
Carpets
 
Low
pressure
spray
ST
Handler:
adult
dermal
and
inhalation
ST
Post­
app:
child
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
1839­
86
0.014
lb
ai/
gal
(
10%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
2.2
oz/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)

Swimming
pool
 
Liquid
pour
ST
Handler:
adult
dermal
and
inhalation
ST
Post­
app:
ingestion
(
child
and
adult)
1839­
141
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Handler:
0.000052
lb
ai/
gal
(
50.0%
x
16
oz/
10000
gal
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)

Post­
application:
5
ppm
RV
holding
tank
 
Liquid
Pour
ST
Handler:
Adult
dermal
and
inhalation
10324­
111
0.834
lb
ai/
gal
(
10%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Contacting
Preserved
Wood
 
NAb
ST
Post­
app:
child
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
1839­
184
3%
ai
solution
Wearing
clothing
and
diapers
treated
during
final
rinse
cycle
of
wash
 
NAc
ST
Post­
app:
adult
dermal;
child
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
1839­
110
0.10
lb
ai/
100
lbs
dry
laundry
(
8
oz
product/
100
lbs
dry
laundry
x
20%
ai
x
1
lb/
16
oz)

Using
treated
musical
instrument
mouthpieces
and
reeds
 
NAc
ST
Post­
app:
adult
and
child
incidental
ingestion
32977­
1
0.0050
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
0.06%
a.
i.
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Humidifier
 
NAc
ST
Post­
app:
child
and
adult
inhalation
1839­
120
0.00049
lb
ai/
gal
(
4.5%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
0.167
oz
/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)
a
All
products,
regardless
of
the
percent
active
ingredient,
were
assessed
using
the
short­
term
dermal
endpoint.
b
The
handlers
scenarios
were
not
assessed
because
the
products
can
only
be
applied
occupationally.
c
Handler
exposures
for
application
to
laundry,
humidifiers,
and
musical
instruments
are
represented
by
the
application
to
RV
holding
tank
scenario
because
it
is
based
on
a
larger
volume
handled
to
represent
the
high
end
exposure
potential.

4.2.1
Residential
Handler
Exposures
The
residential
handler
scenarios
described
in
Table
4.1
were
assessed
to
determine
Page
20
of
107
dermal
and
inhalation
exposures.
The
scenarios
were
assessed
using
PHED
and
CMA
data
and
the
equations
in
Section
1.2,
"
Criteria
for
Conducting
Risk
Assessment."
A
summary
of
the
PHED
and
CMA
data
sets
are
presented
in
Appendix
B.

Unit
Exposure
Values:
Unit
exposure
values
were
taken
from
the
PHED
data
presented
in
HED's
Residential
SOPs
(
USEPA,
1997)
and
from
the
CMA
data
from
the
EPA
memorandum
Evaluation
of
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
Antimicrobial
Exposure
Assessment
Study
(
USEPA,
1999).

$
For
the
mopping
scenario,
the
CMA
dermal
(
hand)
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
for
ungloved
mopping
were
used
(
52
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
2.38
mg/
lb
a.
i.,
respectively).
After
normalization
for
the
surface
area
of
the
hand
(
820
cm2),
the
dermal
unit
exposure
value
is
0.063
mg/
lb
a.
i/
cm2.
These
values
are
based
on
data
collected
from
six
replicates
mopping
floors
and
receiving
exposure
via
contact
with
the
mop
or
with
the
bucket.

$
For
the
wiping
scenario,
the
CMA
dermal
(
hand)
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
for
ungloved
wiping
were
used
(
1,100
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
67.3
mg/
lb
a.
i.,
respectively).
After
normalization
for
the
surface
area
of
the
hand
(
820
cm2),
the
dermal
unit
exposure
value
is
1.34
mg/
lb
a.
i/
cm2.
These
values
are
based
on
data
collected
from
six
replicates
(
dental
technicians)
who
used
a
finger
pump
sprayer
to
apply
the
product
and
then
wiped
the
surfaces
with
a
paper
towel.

$
For
aerosol
spray
and
trigger
pump
scenarios,
the
PHED
dermal
(
hand)
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
are
106
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
2.4
mg/
lb
a.
i.,
respectively.
After
normalization
for
the
surface
area
of
the
hand
(
820
cm2),
the
dermal
unit
exposure
value
is
0.129
mg/
lb
a.
i/
cm2.
The
values
are
based
on
homeowners
applying
an
aerosol
insecticide
to
baseboards
in
kitchens
and
are
representative
of
a
handler
wearing
short
pants
and
a
short
sleeve
shirt,
with
no
gloves.

$
For
low
pressure
hand
wand,
the
CMA
dermal
(
hand)
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
for
ungloved
use
of
a
low
pressure
spray
are
132
and
0.681
mg/
lb
a.
i.,
respectively.
After
normalization
for
the
surface
area
of
the
hand
(
820
cm2),
the
dermal
unit
exposure
value
is
0.161
mg/
lb
a.
i/
cm2.
The
values
are
based
on
data
collected
from
eight
replicates
who
hand
sprayed
carpet
using
200
psi,
then
used
a
push
broom
rake
to
raise
the
carpet
nap.

$
For
liquid
pour
in
swimming
pool
and
RV
holding
tank
scenarios,
the
cooling
tower
CMA
data
for
liquid
pour
was
used
for
dermal
exposures.
This
set
of
data
was
used
because
no
other
CMA
data
sets
represent
ungloved
replicates
pouring
liquid.
The
dermal
hand
unit
exposure
value
is
0.196
mg/
lb
a.
i.
After
normalization
for
the
surface
area
of
the
hand
(
820
cm2),
the
dermal
unit
exposure
value
is
0.000239
mg/
lb
a.
i/
cm2.
For
inhalation
exposures,
the
CMA
preservative
data
were
used
for
swimming
pool
exposures.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
is
0.00346
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
is
based
on
2
replicates.
Although
this
unit
exposure
is
based
on
minimal
replicates,
the
exposure
value
is
similar
to
the
one
found
in
PHED
for
a
similar
scenarios.
For
the
RV
holding
tank
scenario,
CMA
data
for
liquid
pour
of
disinfectants
were
used.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
is
1.89
mg/
lb
a.
i.
The
value
is
based
on
data
collected
from
two
gloved
replicates
involving
pouring
a
disinfectant
product
from
a
jug
into
sterilization
trays
designed
for
dental
instruments,
adding
water
and
instruments
to
the
tray,
removing
the
instruments,
and
discarding
the
old
solution.
Page
21
of
107
Quantity
handled/
treated:
The
quantities
handled/
treated
were
estimated
based
on
information
from
various
sources,
including
Antimicrobial
Division
estimates.

$
For
mopping
scenarios,
it
is
assumed
that
1
gallon
of
diluted
solution
is
used.

$
For
wiping
and
trigger
pump
spray
scenarios,
it
is
assumed
that
0.5
liter
(
0.13
gal)
of
diluted
solution
is
used.

$
For
aerosol
sprays,
it
is
assumed
that
one
can
is
used.
The
net
weight
of
the
can
was
not
provided
on
the
label;
therefore,
it
was
assumed
that
the
can
contained
16­
oz
of
product.

$
For
low
pressure
hand
wand,
it
was
assumed
that
2
gallons
are
used
in
all
indoor
applications.

$
For
liquid
pour
in
swimming
pool
scenario,
it
was
assumed
that
a
residential
pool
contains
20,000
gallons
of
water.

$
For
liquid
pour
in
RV
holding
tank
scenario,
it
was
assumed
that
one
tank
would
be
treated.
The
product
label
states
a
maximum
application
rate
of
4
oz
(
0.031
gallons)
product
per
tank.

Duration
of
Exposure:
The
duration
of
exposure
for
most
homeowner
exposures
is
believed
to
be
best
represented
by
the
short­
term
duration
(
1
to
30
days).
The
reason
that
short
term
duration
was
chosen
to
be
assessed
is
because
the
different
handler
and
post­
application
scenarios
are
assumed
to
be
episodic,
not
daily.
In
addition,
homeowners
are
assumed
to
use
different
products
with
varying
activities,
not
exclusively
ADBAC
treated
products.

Results
The
resulting
short­
term
exposures
and
MOEs
for
the
representative
residential
handler
scenarios
are
presented
in
Tables
4.2
(
inhalation)
and
4.3
(
dermal).
The
calculated
inhalation
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios.
The
dermal
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios
except
for
the
wiping
and
low
pressure
spray
on
carpets
(
MOEs
=
76
and
72,
respectively).
Therefore,
the
risks
for
these
two
scenarios
exceed
AD's
level
of
concern.

A
confirmatory
inhalation
toxicity
study
may
be
warranted
because
inhalation
MOE
was
below
1,000
for
the
wiping
scenario
(
MOE
=
820).

Table
4.2
Short­
Term
Residential
Handler
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
Exposure
Scenario
Application
Method
Application
Method
Application
Ratea
Quantity
Handled/
Treated
per
dayb
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
Absorbed
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
c
MOE
d
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

Mopping
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
1
gallon
2.38
0.00099
3,000
Wiping
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
0.13
gallon
67.3
0.0036
820
Application
to
indoor
hard
surfaces
Trigger
Spray
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
0.13
gallon
2.4
0.00013
23,000
Air
deodorization
Aerosol
Spray
0.2%
ai
by
weight
1
can
(
1
lb)
2.4
0.00008
38,000
Application
to
Carpets
Low
Pressure
Spray
0.014
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.681
0.00033
9,200
Application
to
Swimming
Pools
Liquid
Pour
0.000052
lb
ai/
gal
20,000
gallons
0.00346
0.00006
50,000
Page
22
of
107
Application
to
RV
holding
tanks
Liquid
Pour
0.834
lb
ai/
gal
0.031
gal
(
1
tank
at
4
oz
product/
tank)
1.89
0.00082
3,700
a
Application
rates
are
the
maximum
application
rates
determined
from
EPA
registered
labels
for
ADBAC.
b
Amount
handled
per
day
values
are
estimates
or
label
instructions.
c
Absorbed
Daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
[
unit
exposure
(
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
x
application
rate
(%
a.
i.
weight
or
lb
ai/
gal)
x
quantity
treated
(
lb/
day
or
gal/
day)
x
absorption
factor
(
1.0
for
inhalation)]/
Body
weight
(
60
kg
for
inhalation).
d
MOE
=
NOAEL
/
Absorbed
Daily
Dose.
[
Where
short­
term
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day
for
inhalation].
Target
MOE
=
100.

Table
4.3
Short­
Term
Residential
Handler
Dermal
Risks
Exposure
Scenario
Application
Method
Application
Ratea
(
lb
ai/
gal)
Quantity
Handled/
Treated
per
dayb
Hand
Unit
Exposure
Adjusted
for
Surface
Area
(
mg/
lb
ai/
cm2)
c
Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposure
d
(:
g/
cm2)
MOE
e
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

Products
with
#
10%
ADBAC
(
NOAEL
=
333
µ
g/
cm2)

Mopping
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
1
gallon
0.063
1.587
210
Wiping
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
0.13
gallon
1.341
4.363
76
Application
to
indoor
hard
surfaces
Trigger
Spray
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
0.13
gallon
0.129
0.420
790
Air
deodorization
Aerosol
Spray
0.2%
ai
by
weight
1
can
(
1
lb)
0.129
0.259
1,300
Application
to
Carpets
Low
Pressure
Spray
0.014
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.161
4.615
72
Application
to
RV
holding
tanks
Liquid
Pour
0.834
lb
ai/
gal
0.031
gal
(
1
tank
at
4
oz
product/
tank)
0.000239
0.0062
54,000
Products
with
>
10%
ADBAC
(
NOAEL
=
333
µ
g/
cm2)

Mopping
0.0070
lb
ai/
gal
1
gallon
0.063
0.44
760
Wiping
0.0070
lb
ai/
gal
0.13
gallon
1.341
1.22
270
Application
to
indoor
hard
surfaces
Trigger
Spray
0.014
lb
ai/
gal
0.13
gallon
0.129
0.24
1,400
Application
to
swimming
pools
Liquid
Pour
0.000052
lb
ai/
gal
20,000
gallons
0.000239
0.25
1,300
a
Application
rates
are
the
maximum
application
rates
determined
from
EPA
registered
labels
for
ADBAC.
b
Amount
handled
per
day
values
are
estimates
or
label
instructions.
c
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb
ai/
cm2)
=
Unit
Exposure
from
PHED
or
CMA
(
mg/
lb
ai)
/
surface
area
of
hand
(
820
cm2).
d
Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposure
(:
g/
lb
ai/
cm2)
=
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb
ai/
cm2)
x
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
gal)
x
Quantity
Treated
(
gal/
day)
x
1,000
:
g/
mg
e
MOE
=
NOAEL
(:
g/
cm2)/
Surface
Residue
on
Skin
(:
g/
cm2).
[
Where
short­
term
dermal
formulated­
based
NOAEL
=
333
µ
g/
cm2].
Target
MOE
=
100.

4.2.2
Residential
Post­
application
Exposures
For
the
purposes
of
this
screening
level
assessment,
post­
application
scenarios
have
been
developed
that
encompass
multiple
products,
but
still
represent
a
high
end
exposure
scenario
for
all
products
represented.
As
shown
in
Table
4.1,
representative
post­
application
scenarios
assessed
include
crawling
on
treated
hard
surfaces,
carpets,
and
treated
lumber
such
as
decks/
play
sets
(
dermal
and
incidental
oral
exposure
to
children),
wearing
treated
clothing
(
dermal
exposure
to
adults
and
children
and
incidental
oral
exposure
to
children),
using
air
deodorizers
(
adult
and
child
inhalation
exposure),
using
portable
humidifiers
(
adult
and
child
inhalation
exposure),
swimming
in
treated
pools
(
adult
and
child
incidental
ingestion),
and
using
treated
instrument
mouthpieces
and
reeds
(
child
and
adult
incidental
exposure).
Page
23
of
107
Since
no
toxicological
endpoint
of
concern
was
identified
for
dermal
systemic
adverse
effects,
post­
application
dermal
risks
were
assessed
using
the
toxicological
endpoint
of
concern
for
dermal
irritation.
The
residential
post­
application
dermal
risks
were
assessed
by
comparing
the
surface
residue
on
the
skin
(
dermal
irritation
exposure)
to
the
short­
term
dermal
irritation
endpoint.
It
was
assumed
that
during
the
exposure
period
the
skin
repeatedly
contacts
the
treated
surface
until
a
steady­
state
concentration
of
residues
is
achieved
on
the
skin.

4.2.2.1
Hard
Surface
Floor
and
Carpets
Dermal
Exposure
to
Children
from
Treated
Hard
Floors
and
Carpets
Exposure
Calculations
There
is
the
potential
for
dermal
exposure
to
toddlers
crawling
on
hard
floors
and
carpets
after
mopping
or
cleaning
with
ADBAC.
Risks
were
calculated
for
children
contacting
treated
floors
in
residential
homes
and
institutions
(
i.
e.,
daycare
centers).
To
determine
toddler
exposure
to
floor
residues,
the
following
equation
was
used:

E
=
AR
x
DTF
x
DRF
x
CF1
X
CF2
(
Eq.
4)

Where:
E
=
Dermal
skin
irritation
exposure
(
µ
g/
cm2);
AR
=
Application
rate
(
lb/
ft2);
DTF
=
Dermal
transfer
factor
(
fraction,
unitless);
DRF
=
Disinfectant
fraction
remaining
on
floor
(
unitless);
CF1
=
Conversion
factor
(
4.54x108
µ
g/
lb);
CF2
=
Conversion
factor
(
0.00108
ft2/
cm2);

Assumptions
Due
to
limited
data,
a
number
of
conservative
assumptions
have
been
made:

$
No
transferable
residue
data
were
available
that
could
be
used
to
estimate
the
transfer
of
ADBAC
from
the
floor
to
skin.
Therefore,
it
is
assumed
that
10%
of
the
deposition
rate
is
available
for
dermal
transfer
from
hard
floors
and
5%
of
the
deposition
rate
is
available
for
dermal
transfer
from
carpets
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001).

$
No
data
could
be
found
regarding
the
quantity
of
solution
residue
left
on
the
floor
after
treatment.
As
a
conservative
measure,
it
has
been
assumed
that
25%
of
the
cleaning
solution
remains
after
the
final
cleaning/
mopping.

$
For
mopping,
the
labels
did
not
provide
information
on
the
volume
of
disinfectant
to
be
used
for
cleaning
floors.
It
was
assumed
that
the
diluted
treatment
solution
was
applied
at
a
rate
of
1
gallon
per
1,000
sq.
ft.
The
maximum
application
rate
on
the
product
labels
for
application
to
hard
surfaces
is
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
(
see
Table
4.1)
for
a
residential
setting.
Therefore,
the
application
rate
used
in
the
post­
application
hard
floor
scenarios
was
0.000025
lb
ai/
ft2.
For
carpets,
the
labels
stated
that
1
gallon
of
diluted
treatment
solution
should
be
applied
at
a
rate
of
1
gallon
per
300
to
500
sq.
ft
for
rotary
floor
machines.
Using
a
rate
of
1
gallon
solution
per
300
sq.
ft.
and
a
Page
24
of
107
maximum
application
rate
of
0.014
lb
ai/
gal
(
see
Table
4.1)
for
residential
and
institutional
settings,
the
application
rate
used
in
the
post­
application
carpet
scenarios
was
0.000047
lb
ai/
ft2.

$
It
was
assumed
that
the
exposed
toddler
plays
regularly
on
the
treated
floor.
In
a
residential
home,
short­
term
exposure
duration
is
most
likely
since
homeowners
are
expected
to
clean
the
floor
only
intermittently.

Results
The
calculation
of
the
short­
term
dermal
doses
and
MOEs
are
shown
in
Table
4.4.
The
dermal
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
(
MOE
=
1,100
for
hard
surfaces
and
1,200
for
carpets).

Table
4.4.
Short­
term
Dermal
Risks
Associated
with
Post­
application
Exposure
from
a
Treated
Hard
Surface
Floor
and
Carpet
Exposure
Scenario
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
sq
ft)
Product
remaining
after
applying
Percent
Transfer
Residue
Dermal
skin
irritation
exposure
a
(
µ
g/
cm2)
MOE
Hard
surface
0.000025
25%
10%
0.306
1,100
Carpet
0.000047
25%
5%
0.286
1,200
a
Dermal
skin
irritation
exposure
(
µ
g/
cm2)
=
(
Application
rate,
lb/
ft2)
x
(
conversion
factor,
4.54
E8
µ
g/
lb)
x
(
conversion
factor,
0.00108
ft2
/
cm2)
x
(
product
remaining
after
mopping,
25%)
x
(
dermal
transfer
factor,
10%
for
hard
surface
and
5%
for
carpets)
b.
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
µ
g/
cm2)
/
Surface
Residue
on
skin
(
µ
g/
cm2).
Short­
term
dermal
NOAEL
is
333
µ
g/
cm2.
Target
MOE
=
100.

Child
Incidental
Ingestion
Exposure
to
Treated
Hard
Floors
and
Carpets
Exposure
Calculations
In
addition
to
dermal
exposure,
toddlers
crawling
on
treated
hard
floors
will
also
be
exposed
to
ADBAC
via
incidental
oral
exposure
through
hand­
to­
mouth
activity.
To
calculate
incidental
ingestion
exposure
to
these
chemicals
due
to
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer,
the
scenarios
established
in
the
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessments
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001)
were
used.
These
scenarios
use
assumptions
are
similar
to
those
used
in
calculating
exposures
due
to
dermal
contact
of
ADBAC
from
toddlers
crawling
on
treated
floors.
Risks
were
calculated
for
children
contacting
treated
floors
in
residential
homes
and
in
commercial
day
care
centers.
Typically
the
day
care
center
scenario
is
assessed
as
the
intermediate­
term
duration
because
the
frequency
of
cleaning
is
assumed
to
be
greater
than
that
of
the
residential
setting.
However,
for
ADBAC,
the
short­
and
intermediate­
term
incidental
oral
endpoints
are
identical.
The
following
equations
were
used
to
determine
risks
from
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer
of
pesticide
residues
to
toddlers:

PDRnorm=
SR
x
DTF
x
SA
x
FQ
x
ET
x
SE
x
CF1
(
Eq.
5)
BW
Where:

PDRnorm
=
Potential
dose
rate
(
mg/
kg/
day);
SR
=
Indoor
Surface
Residue
(
µ
g/
cm2);
DTF
=
Dermal
transfer
factor
(
unitless
fraction);
Page
25
of
107
SA
=
Surface
area
of
the
hands
that
contact
both
the
treated
area,
and
the
individuals
mouth
(
cm2/
event);
FQ
=
Frequency
of
hand­
to­
mouth
events
(
events/
hr);
SE
=
Saliva
extraction
efficiency
(
unitless
fraction);
ET
=
Exposure
time
(
hrs/
day);
CF1
=
Unit
conversion
factor
(
0.001
mg/:
g);
and
BW
=
Body
weight
(
kg)
And
SR=
AR
x
DRF
x
CF2
x
CF3
Where:

SR
=
Surface
residue
on
floor
(
µ
g/
cm2);
AR
=
Application
rate
(
lb
ai/
ft2);
DRF
=
Disinfectant
fraction
remaining
on
floor
(
25%);
CF2
=
Unit
conversion
factor
(
4.54x108
µ
g/
lb);
and
CF3
=
Unit
conversion
factor
(
0.00108
ft2/
cm2)

Assumptions
Due
to
limited
data,
a
number
of
conservative
assumptions
have
been
made:

$
Toddlers
(
3
years
old)
were
used
to
represent
the
1
to
6
year
old
age
group
and
are
assumed
to
weigh
15
kg,
the
median
for
male
and
female
toddlers
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001).

$
Based
on
the
SOP,
it
is
assumed
that
the
surface
area
used
for
each
hand­
to­
mouth
event
is
20
cm2,
and
that
there
are
20
events
per
hour
for
short­
term
exposures
(
90th
percentile
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001)).
The
short­
and
intermediate­
term
incidental
oral
endpoints
are
the
same,
therefore,
intermediate­
term
assumptions
are
not
presented.

$
For
hard
floors,
the
exposure
time
is
4
hours/
day,
based
on
the
time
spent
in
the
kitchen
and
bathroom
for
adults.
For
carpets,
the
exposure
time
is
8
hours/
day
based
on
the
total
amount
of
time
spent
indoors
for
young
children
and
subtracting
the
amount
of
time
spent
sleeping,
eating,
and
bathing
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001).

$
The
saliva
extraction
efficiency
is
50%
(
USEPA,
2000,
2001)

$
No
data
could
be
found
regarding
the
quantity
of
solution
residue
left
on
the
floor
after
treatment.
As
a
conservative
measure,
it
has
been
assumed
that
25%
of
the
cleaning
solution
remains
after
the
final
mopping
or
cleaning.

$
No
transferable
residue
data
were
available
that
could
be
used
to
estimate
the
transfer
of
ADBAC
from
the
floor
to
skin.
Therefore,
it
was
assumed
that
10%
of
the
deposition
rate
is
available
for
dermal
transfer
from
hard
floors
and
5%
of
the
deposition
rate
is
available
for
dermal
transfer
from
carpets
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001).

Results
The
calculation
of
the
short­
term
oral
doses
and
MOEs
are
shown
in
Table
4.5.
The
oral
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
(
MOE
=
610
for
hard
floors
and
330
for
carpets).
Note:
The
short­
term
duration
is
protective
of
the
intermediate­
term
exposures
at
a
Page
26
of
107
day
care
facility
because
the
toxicity
data
are
identical.

Table
4.5.
Short­
term
Incidental
Oral
Risks
Associated
with
Post
application
Exposure
from
a
Treated
Hard
Surface
Floor
and
Carpet
Exposure
Scenario
Appl.
Rate
(
lb
ai/
sq
ft)
Percent
transferable
residue
Product
remaining
after
applying
Surface
area
mouthed
(
cm2/
event)
Exposure
Frequency
(
events/
hr)
Saliva
Extraction
Factor
Exposure
Time
(
hrs/
day)
Surface
Residue
on
floora
(
µ
g/
cm
2
)
Potential
Dose
Rateb
(
mg/
kg
/
day)
Incidental
Oral
MOEc
Hard
Surface
0.000025
10%
25%
20
20
50%
4
3.06
0.016
610
Carpet
0.000047
5%
25%
20
20
50%
8
5.72
0.031
330
a
Surface
residue
on
floor
(
µ
g/
cm2)
=
(
application
rate,
lb
ai/
ft2)
x
(
Disinfectant
fraction
remaining
on
floor,
25%)
x
(
conversion
factor
to
convert
lb
to
µ
g,
4.54E+
08
µ
g/
lb)
x
(
conversion
factor
to
convert
ft2
to
cm2,
1.08E­
03
ft2/
cm2)
b
Potential
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
[(
Surface
residue
on
floor,
µ
g/
cm2)
x
(
transferable
residue,
0.10
for
hard
floors
and
0.05
for
carpets)
x
(
exposure
time,
4
hrs/
day
for
hard
floors
and
8hrs/
day
for
carpets)
x
(
surface
area
of
hands,
20
cm2/
event)
x
(
exposure
frequency,
20
events/
hr)
x
(
product
remaining
after
applying,
25%)
x
(
extraction
by
saliva,
50
%)
x
(
conversion
factor
to
convert
:
g
to
mg,
0.001
mg/
µ
g)]/(
body
weight,
15
kg)
c
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
potential
dose
rate
(
mg/
kg/
day)
[
Where
oral
NOAEL
=
10
mg/
kg/
day
for
short­
term].
Target
MOE
=
100.

4.2.2.2
Textiles
Dermal
Exposure
to
Laundered
Clothing­
Adult
and
Child
Exposure
Calculations
Some
ADBAC
fabric
softener/
sanitizing
products
are
added
to
the
final
rinse
cycle
water
to
provide
self­
sanitizing
and
bacteriostatic
activity
against
odor­
causing
organisms.
The
product
labels
specifically
indicate
that
they
can
be
used
on
clothing
and
diapers.
To
determine
dermal
skin
irritation
exposure
to
treated
clothing,
the
guidance
provided
in
Human
and
Environmental
Risk
Assessment
(
HERA)
Guidance
Document
(
2003,
2005)
was
used.
The
following
equation,
modified
from
the
basic
equation
provided
in
HERA
(
2003),
is
used
to
calculate
dermal
exposure:

Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposure
(
µ
g/
cm
2
)
=
AR
x
F
x
FD
x
F1
x
F2
x
CF1
(
Eq.
6)

Where:
AR
=
Application
rate
in
mg
a.
i./
mg
weight
of
fabric;
F
=
Weight
fraction
of
the
chemical
left
on
the
clothing
after
the
final
spin;
FD
=
Fabric
density
(
mg/
cm2);
F1
=
Weight
fraction
transferred
from
clothing
to
skin;
F2
=
Weight
fraction
remaining
on
skin;
and
CF1
=
Conversion
factor,
1,000
µ
g/
mg.

Assumptions
 
The
application
rate
is
0.001
mg
a.
i/
mg
weight
of
fabric,
based
on
product
label
#
1839­
110.
 
In
HERA
(
2003),
it
was
determined
that
2.5%
of
the
chemical
in
the
laundry
detergent
remains
after
the
final
rinse
cycle.
It
is
assumed
that
a
washing
machine
containing
laundry,
detergent,
and
water
would
go
through
an
agitation
period,
and
then
spin
dry,
then
refill
with
fresh
water
for
rinsing,
agitate,
and
then
spin
dry
again.
Page
27
of
107
Assuming
that
the
fraction
of
chemical
removed
during
each
spin
dry
cycle
is
the
same,
then:

Mf
/
Mi
=
Xspin
2
=
0.025
(
Eq.
7)
Where:

Mf
=
Mass
of
chemical
remaining
on
clothing
after
the
final
rinse,
Mi
=
Mass
of
chemical
originally
added
to
laundry
machine,
and
Xspin
=
Fraction
of
chemical
remaining
after
each
spin
cycle.

The
quantity
Xspin
is
squared
because
the
laundry
and
the
detergent
undergo
two
spin
cycles.
For
assessment
of
fabric
softener/
sanitizer,
the
fraction
of
chemical
remaining
will
be
equivalent
to
Xspin,
since
the
fabric
softener/
sanitizer,
which
is
applied
during
the
rinse
cycle,
will
only
undergo
one
spin
cycle.
Taking
the
square
root
of
both
sides
of
Equation
7
gives
an
Xspin
value
of
0.158,
or
15.8%.

 
The
fabric
density
is
10
mg/
cm2,
which
is
the
value
provided
in
HERA
(
2003)
for
mixed
cotton
and
synthetics.

 
No
leaching
data
were
available
that
could
be
used
to
estimate
a
flux
rate
of
the
chemical
from
clothing.
Exposures
were
calculated
using
a
conservative
transfer
factor
of
100%,
which
assumes
that
all
residues
are
transferable
from
clothing
surfaces
to
the
skin,
and
using
HERA's
value
of
1%
transfer
(
HERA
2003).

 
No
dissipation
data
were
available;
therefore,
the
amount
of
ADBAC
remaining
on
the
skin
is
assumed
to
be
100
percent.

Results
The
resulting
short­
term
dermal
exposures
and
MOEs
are
presented
in
Table
4.6.
The
dermal
MOE
was
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
assuming
the
1
or
100%
transfer,
and
therefore,
not
of
concern.
A
confirmatory
study
to
determine
the
percent
transfer
is
not
warranted
as
the
MOE
estimated
assuming
100%
transfer
is
not
of
concern.

Table
4.6.
Short­
term
Dermal
Post­
application
Exposure
and
MOE
for
Contacting
Laundered
Clothing
 
Adult
and
Child
Parameter
Value
Rational
Application
rate
0.001
mg
a.
i/
mg
weight
of
fabric
See
Table
4.1
Weight
fraction
of
residue
remaining
after
final
spin
15.8%
Eq.
7
Fabric
density
10
mg/
cm2
Mixed
cotton
and
synthetics
(
HERA
2003)
Residue
transfer
factor
from
clothing
to
skin
1%
and
100%
EPA
assumption
and
HERA
2003
Weight
fraction
remaining
on
skin
100%
HERA,
2003
Dermal
Exposurea
1%
=
0.0158
µ
g/
cm2
100%
=
1.58
µ
g/
cm2
Eq.
6
Dermal
NOAEL
333
µ
g/
cm2
Dermal
endpoint
selected
Page
28
of
107
Table
4.6.
Short­
term
Dermal
Post­
application
Exposure
and
MOE
for
Contacting
Laundered
Clothing
 
Adult
and
Child
Parameter
Value
Rational
Dermal
Short­
term
MOEb
1%
=
21,000
100%
=
210
Eq.
3b
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

a
Dermal
Exposure
(
µ
g/
cm2)
=(
Application
rate,
0.001
mg
a.
i/
mg
weight
of
fabric)
x
(
residue
left
after
spin
cycle,
15.8%)
x
(
fabric
density,
10
mg/
cm2)
x
(
weight
fraction
transferred
from
clothing
to
skin)
x
(
weight
fraction
remaining
on
skin)
x
(
conversion
factor,
1000
µ
g/
mg)
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
µ
g/
cm2)
/
dermal
exposure
(
µ
g/
cm2)
[
Where
short­
term
dermal
NOAEL
=
333
µ
g/
cm2].
Target
MOE
=
100.

Incidental
Oral
Exposure
to
Laundered
Clothing­
Adult
and
Child
Oral
exposure
associated
with
toddlers
mouthing
clothing
was
assessed
using
an
equation
similar
to
that
used
for
assessing
dermal
exposure
to
laundered
clothing:

Oral
Exposure
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
AR
x
F
x
FD
x
Smouthed
x
SE
(
Eq.
8)
BW
Where:

AR
=
Application
rate
in
mg
a.
i./
mg
weight
of
fabric;
F
=
Weight
fraction
of
the
chemical
left
on
the
clothing
after
the
final
spin;
FD
=
Fabric
density
(
mg/
cm2);
Smouthed
=
Surface
area
of
fabric
that
is
mouthed
(
cm2);
SE
=
Saliva
extraction
factor;
and
BW
=
Body
weight
(
kg).

Assumptions
 
The
surface
area
of
fabric
mouthed
is
100
cm2
(
HERA,
2003).
 
The
saliva
extraction
factor
is
50%
(
USEPA
2000a
and
2001).
 
Assumptions
regarding
fabric
density
and
weight
fraction
of
chemical
left
after
final
spin
are
identical
to
those
used
for
the
assessment
of
dermal
exposure
to
laundered
clothing.

Results
The
resulting
short­
and
intermediate­
term
oral
exposure
and
MOE
are
presented
in
Table
4.7.
The
oral
MOE
was
above
the
target
MOE
of
100.

Table
4.7.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Incidental
Oral
Post
application
Exposure
and
MOE
for
Contacting
Laundered
Clothing
 
Child
Parameter
Value
Rational
Application
rate
0.001
mg
a.
i/
mg
weight
of
fabric
See
Table
4.1
Weight
fraction
of
residue
remaining
after
final
spin
15.8%
HERA
2005
Fabric
density
10
mg/
cm2
Mixed
cotton
and
synthetics
(
HERA
2003)

Surface
area
of
clothing
available
for
mouthing
100
cm2
HERA
2003
Saliva
Extraction
Factor
50%
HERA
2003
Body
weight
15
kg
EPA
1997,
median
body
weight
Page
29
of
107
Table
4.7.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Incidental
Oral
Post
application
Exposure
and
MOE
for
Contacting
Laundered
Clothing
 
Child
Parameter
Value
Rational
Oral
Exposurea
0.00525
mg/
kg/
day
Eq.
8
Oral
NOAEL
10
mg/
kg/
day
Oral
endpoint
selected
Short­
term
MOEb
1,900
Eq.
3
a
Oral
Exposure
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
(
Application
rate,
0.001
mg
a.
i/
mg
weight
of
fabric)
x
(
residue
left
after
spin
cycle,
15.8%)
x
(
fabric
density,
10
mg/
cm
2
)
x
(
surface
area
mouthed,
100
cm
2
)
x
(
Saliva
extraction
factor,
50%)
/
(
body
weight,
kg)
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
potential
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
[
Where
short­
term
oral
NOAEL
=
10
mg/
kg/
day].
Target
MOE
=
100.

4.2.2.3
Treated
Lumber
Scenarios
The
Agency
is
concerned
that
there
are
potential
residential
post­
application
exposure
to
children
and
adults
exposed
to
ADBAC
treated
wood.
The
potential
outdoor
residential
post­
application
exposure
pathways
considered
are
outlined
below:

Children
°
Dermal
contact
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood
products
(
e.
g.,
residential
playground
equipment,
utility
poles,
posts,
decks,
shingles,
fencing,
lumber,
piers,
etc.);

°
Incidental
ingestion
due
to
hand­
to­
mouth
contact
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood
products;

°
Incidental
ingestion
of
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC;

°
Dermal
contact
with
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC
(
e.
g.,
soil
contaminated
by
treated
decks
and
playground
equipment);
and
Adults
°
Dermal
contact
with
wood
from
construction
of
decks
and
playground
equipment;

°
Incidental
ingestion
with
wood
from
construction
of
decks
and
playground
equipment;
and,

Currently,
there
are
no
study
data
that
can
be
used
to
estimate
either
exposure
to
adults
during
construction
of
wood
decks
or
to
children
exposed
to
treated
wood.
Incidental
ingestion
exposure
for
adults
is
expected
to
be
negligible
and
dermal
contact
for
adults
is
expected
to
be
lower
than
children
for
crawling
on
wood
decks.
Because
children
exhibit
a
more
intense
play
contact
on
surfaces
and
have
a
higher
surface
area
to
body
weight
ratio,
they
would
generally
be
considered
to
represent
the
maximum
exposed
individual.

Available
data
to
assess
the
levels
of
ADBAC
in
soil
contaminated
with
ADBACtreated
wood
do
not
exist
at
this
time.
In
addition,
leaching
data
were
also
not
available.
Because
of
this
data
gap,
EPA
was
not
able
to
estimate
dermal
and
incidental
ingestion
residential
post­
application
exposures
to
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood.
In
this
assessment,
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
exposures
to
children
from
contact
with
Page
30
of
107
treated
wood
were
estimated
using
surrogate
data.

Surrogate
Data
No
chemical­
specific
residential
post­
application
studies
conforming
to
Series
875
guidelines
were
available;
however,
data
from
the
proprietary
study,
"
Measurement
and
Assessment
of
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
to
Didecyl
Dimethyl
Ammonium
Chloride
(
DDAC)
Used
in
the
Protection
of
Cut
Lumber
(
Phase
III)"
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999,
MRID
455243­
04)
can
be
used
as
surrogate
data
to
estimate
screening­
level
exposures
for
the
following
pathways:
outdoor
residential
dermal
contact
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood
products
(
e.
g.,
residential
playground
equipment,
utility
poles,
posts,
decks,
shingles,
fencing,
lumber,
piers,
etc.);
and
outdoor
residential
incidental
ingestion
due
to
hand­
to­
mouth
contact
with
pressure­
treated
wood
products.
The
DDAC
study
measured
dermal
and
inhalation
exposures
for
various
worker
functions/
positions
for
individuals
handling
DDAC­
containing
wood
preservatives
for
non­
pressure
treatment
application
methods
and
for
individuals
that
could
then
come
into
contact
with
the
preserved
wood.

Outdoor
Residential
Dermal
Contact
with
ADBAC­
treated
Wood
Products
Potential
risks
resulting
from
children's
dermal
contact
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood
are
assessed
using
average
and
maximum
worker
residue
data
for
hands
available
in
the
DDAC
study.
The
data
in
Table
4.8
were
used
to
approximate
the
residues
transferred
from
treated
wood
to
skin.
No
other
data
are
available
(
e.
g.,
no
wipe
data).
The
data
from
the
following
job
descriptions
in
the
DDAC
study
were
chosen
because
of
the
possibility
of
the
contact
with
dry
treated
wood.
The
average
and
maximum
concentrations
(
1.4
and
3.0
:
g/
cm2)
were
assumed
to
be
the
dermal
skin
irritation
exposure.
The
results
indicate
that
the
dermal
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE.

 
End
Stacker
­
Operates
an
automated
stacking
system
at
the
end
of
the
conveyor.
Lumber
stacked
into
loads.

 
Stickman
­
Places
sticks
between
stacks
of
wood
manually.
At
some
mills,
this
is
done
automatically
by
end
stacker
operator.

 
Tallyman
­
Staples
information
sheet
on
to
wood.
May
come
in
contact
with
treated
lumber.
(
Note:
there
were
two
reps
available
for
tallyman)

Table
4.8.
Hand
Residue
Data
for
DDAC
for
Handling
of
Dry
Wood
Job
Description
Total
Hand
Residue
Data
(
µ
g/
cm2)
End
Stacker
1.2
Stickman
0.6
Tallyman
0.8
Tallyman
3.0
Average
1.4
Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposurea
(
µ
g/
cm2)
1.4
and
3.0
MOEb
(
Target
MOE
=
100)
240
(
average)
and
110
(
maximum)
a
Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposurea
(
µ
g/
cm2)=
1.4
and
3.0
µ
g/
cm2
average
and
maximum
hand
residues
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
µ
g/
cm2)
/
dermal
skin
irritation
exposure
(
µ
g/
cm2).
Dermal
short­
term
NOAEL
is
333
µ
g/
cm2.
Target
MOE
=
100.
Page
31
of
107
Outdoor
Residential
Hand­
to­
Mouth
Contact
with
ADBAC­­
treated
Wood
Products
Potential
risks
from
a
child's
hand­
to­
mouth
activities
are
also
assessed
using
worker
residue
data
for
hands
that
are
available
in
the
DDAC
study.
The
most
appropriate
hand
values
to
estimate
potential
residues
of
a
child
playing
on
treated
decks/
playground
structures
are
for
the
"
dry"
strata
test
subjects
(
as
defined
above).
These
test
subjects
handled
the
dry
treated
wood
from
the
non
pressure
treatments.
Of
the
20
test
subjects
measured
for
handling
"
dry"
wood
in
the
DDAC
study,
19
had
detectable
hand
values
(
one
value
non­
detect)
ranging
from
0.04
to
3.0
µ
g/
cm2
(
DDAC
study
page
104).
The
highest
value
(
most
conservative)
(
3.0
µ
g/
cm2)
represents
the
"
Tallyman"
that
wore
no
gloves
(
DDAC
study
page
189).

The
daily
hand­
to­
mouth
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
is
estimated
using
the
following
equation:

Oral
Dose
t=
Handt
x
Hand
SA
x
SEF
x
Frequency
x
CF1
x
ET
(
Eq.
9)
BW
Where:

Handt
=
DDAC
highest
hand
residue
detected
(
i.
e.,"
Tallyman"
working
with
dry
wood
(
µ
g/
cm2)),
Hand
SA
=
hand
surface
area
(
cm2/
event),
SEF
=
saliva
extraction
factor
(
unitless),
Frequency
=
frequency
of
exposure
event
(
events/
hr),
ET
=
exposure
time
(
hr/
day),
CF1
=
conversion
factor
(
0.001
mg/
µ
g),
and
BW
=
body
weight
(
kg).

In
addition
to
the
hand
residue
value
from
the
DDAC
study,
the
following
inputs
are
used
in
the
hand­
to­
mouth
estimate:

 
The
palmer
surface
area
of
3
fingers
of
a
toddler,
20
cm2,
is
used
to
estimate
handmouthing
as
opposed
to
whole
hand
mouthing
(
USEPA
2001).
 
The
rate
of
hand­
to­
mouth
activity
for
outdoor
playing
is
7
events
per
hour
based
on
Freeman
et.
al
(
2001)
at
the
95th
percentile.
 
The
exposure
time
(
ET)
is
2
hours
and
is
consistent
with
the
Agency's
CCA
assessment
for
time
playing
outdoors.
Although
the
2
hour
duration
represents
"
outdoor"
time,
it
is
used
as
a
conservative
estimate
for
playing
on
decks
and
play
sets.
 
The
saliva
extraction
factor
(
SEF)
is
0.5
and
is
based
on
the
assumption
of
50
percent
removal
efficiency
of
residues
from
hands
by
human
saliva
(
USEPA
2001).
 
The
mean
body
weight
of
a
child
at
age
3
is
15
kg.

The
results
of
the
hand­
to­
mouth
estimates
are
presented
in
Table
4.9.
The
estimated
short­
term
MOE
for
the
hand­
to­
mouth
exposure
is
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
(
MOE
=
360)
and
is
not
of
concern.
Because
the
dermal
and
oral
endpoints
represent
different
toxicological
effects,
an
aggregate
of
the
dermal
(
discussed
above)
and
oral
MOEs
are
not
appropriate.
Page
32
of
107
Table
4.9:
Residential
Post­
application
Incidental
Oral
Exposures
with
ADBAC­
treated
Wood
Product
Hand
concentration
from
DDAC
Study
(
µ
g/
cm2)
Finger
surface
area
(
cm2)
Exposure
Frequency
for
outdoor
playing
(
events/
hr)
Saliva
Extraction
Factor
Exposure
Time
(
hrs/
day)
Average
Daily
Oral
Dose
a
(
mg/
kg/
day)
Incidental
Oral
MOEb
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

3.0
20
7
0.5
2
0.028
360
a
Average
Daily
Oral
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
[
handt
(
3
µ
g/
cm2
)
x
Hand
SA
(
20
cm2)
x
SEF
(
0.5)
x
Frequency
(
7
events/
hr)
x
Exposure
Time
(
2
hrs/
day)
x
0.001
mg/
µ
g]
/
BW
(
15
kg)
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day).
For
oral,
NOAEL
is
10
mg/
kg/
day.
Target
MOE
=
100.

4.2.2.4
Air
Deodorizers
Inhalation
Exposures
for
Areas
with
Treated
Air
Deodorizers­
Adult
and
Child
Inhalation
exposures
to
aerosols
from
ADBAC
used
in
air
deodorizers
may
also
occur.
To
determine
potential
vapor
inhalation
risk,
the
Multi­
Chamber
Concentration
and
Exposure
Model
(
MCCEM
v1.2)
was
used
to
provide
a
screening­
level
estimate
of
potential
inhalation
risk
to
adults
and
children.
MCCEM
estimates
average
and
peak
indoor
air
concentrations
of
chemicals
released
from
products
or
materials
in
houses,
apartments,
townhouses,
or
other
residences.
It
estimates
inhalation
exposures
to
chemicals,
calculated
as
single
day
doses,
chronic
average
daily
doses,
or
lifetime
average
daily
doses.
All
dose
estimates
calculated
by
MCCEM
are
potential
doses;
they
do
not
account
for
actual
absorption
into
the
body.

Assumptions
 
The
area
being
deodorized
is
a
bedroom
in
a
generic
house
(
2­
chamber
model).
 
The
activity
pattern
is
based
on
a
sedentary
inhalation
rate
of
12
m3/
day
for
adults
and
9.6
m3/
day
for
children
over
a
24
hour
period
(
USEPA
1997).
 
Deodorization
occurs
instantaneously,
so
that
the
entire
mass
of
product
is
mixed
homogeneously
with
the
indoor
air
as
soon
the
product
is
deployed.
It
was
assumed
that
100%
of
the
product
is
available
as
inhalable
and/
or
respirable
aerosols.
 
The
labels
did
not
provide
information
on
the
quantity
of
air
deodorizer
that
should
be
used
in
a
room.
For
lack
of
better
information,
it
was
assumed
that
168
g
of
deodorizer
(
168
g
x
0.2%
ai
=
0.336
g
a.
i.)
could
treat
a
volume
of
6,000
ft3
(
170
m3)
for
30
days.
Based
on
this
rate,
the
amount
used
in
one
bedroom
(
35
m3
in
the
MCCEM
generic
house)
per
day
is
0.0023
g
(
0.336
g
a.
i.
x
35
m3
/
170
m3
/
30
days).
 
The
labels
state
that
the
product
can
be
used
in
both
residential
and
institutional
settings,
such
as
daycare
facilities.
Short­
term
exposure
was
assessed
for
adults
and
children
in
residential
settings,
assuming
intermittent
use.
For
children
in
daycare
facilities,
intermediate­
term
exposure
was
assessed,
since
deodorizers
may
be
used
on
a
more
routine
basis
at
such
facilities.

Results
The
resulting
short­
and
intermediate­
term
inhalation
exposures
and
MOEs
for
the
representative
post
application
inhalation
exposures
to
air
deodorizer­
treated
areas
are
Page
33
of
107
presented
in
Table
4.10.
The
MOEs
for
children
and
adults
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100.

Table
4.10.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Post­
application
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Adults
and
Children
in
Areas
Treated
with
Air
Deodorizersa
Value
Parameter
Adult
Child
Rationale
House
Generic
House
(
2­
chambers:
35
m3
bedroom,
373
m3
other
rooms)
MCCEM
default
Activity
Schedulea
In
bedroom
at
start
of
modeling,
out
after
8
hours
EPA
Assumption
Concentration
of
product
0.2%
ai
Chemical
specific
product
label
Quantity
a.
i.
Used
per
Day
in
bedroom
0.0023
g
ai
(
168
g
product)
x
(
0.2%)
x
(
30
m3)
/
(
170
m3)
/
(
30
days)
Concentration
in
Bedroom
after
spraying
(
Initial
Concentration
in
Bedroom)
a
6.57
x
10­
5
g
a.
i./
m3
(
Quantity
used
in
bedroom
per
day,
0.0023
g)
/
(
bedroom
size,
35
m3)

Body
Weighta
60
kg
15
kg
Average
body
weights
for
adults
and
young
children
Inhalation
Ratea
12
m3/
day
9.6
m3/
day
Average
resting
rate
for
adults
and
young
children
(
USEPA,
1997)
MCCEM
Outputs
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.00052301
0.0016736
MCCEM
Output
(
ADPR)

Inhalation
NOAEL
3
mg/
kg/
day
Inhalation
endpoint
selected
Inhalation
short­
and
intermediate­
term
MOEb
5,700
1,800
Eq.
3a
a
Used
as
MCCEM
input.
Default
values
from
MCCEM
were
used
for
all
inputs
not
listed
in
the
table
above.
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
[
Where
short­
and
intermediate­
term
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day].
Target
MOE
=
100.

4.2.2.5
Swimming
Pools
&
Spas
There
are
post
application
exposures
associated
with
use
of
ADBAC
products
in
swimming
pools
and
spas.
For
swimming
pools,
only
incidental
oral
exposures
are
assessed
in
this
document.
Dermal
and
inhalation
exposures
are
expected
to
be
negligible
due
to
the
low
concentration
of
ADBAC
in
pool
water
and
the
low
vapor
pressure
of
ADBAC.
Because
the
amount
of
exposure
will
most
likely
be
greater
for
swimming
pools
than
for
spas,
swimming
pool
scenarios
were
evaluated
to
represent
the
high­
end
exposures
associated
with
use
of
ADBAC
in
pools
and
spas.

The
SWIMODEL
3.0
was
developed
by
EPA
as
a
screening
tool
to
conduct
exposure
Page
34
of
107
assessments
of
pesticides
found
in
swimming
pools
and
spas
(
Versar,
2003).
The
SWIMODEL
uses
well­
accepted
screening
exposure
assessment
equations
to
calculate
the
total
worst­
case
exposure
for
swimmers
expressed
as
a
mass­
based
intake
value
(
mg/
event).
The
model
focuses
on
potential
chemical
intakes
only
and
does
not
take
into
account
metabolism
or
excretion
of
the
chemical
of
concern.
Detailed
information
and
the
downloadable
executable
file
are
available
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
oppad001/
swimodel.
htm.
For
this
assessment,
the
actual
model
was
not
used,
however,
the
same
equations
as
provided
in
the
SWIMODEL
User's
Manual
(
version
3.0)
were
used
in
a
spreadsheet
format
to
estimate
post
application
incidental
oral
and
inhalation
exposures
for
use
of
ADBAC
in
swimming
pools.

It
should
be
noted
that
this
exposure
assessment
identifies
short­
term
(
1­
30
days)
and
intermediate­
term
(
1­
6
months)
noncancer
exposure
doses
based
on
the
reported
toxicology
endpoints
for
ADBAC.
Because
of
the
shorter
exposure
durations
of
these
toxicological
endpoints,
conservative
event­
based
exposure
assumptions
are
used
to
calculate
upper
bound
daily
dose
estimates.
The
noncancer
doses
are
not
amortized
over
a
lifetime.

Post­
application
Incidental
Ingestion
Exposure
through
Swimming
Pool
Use
The
following
equation
was
used
to
calculate
incidental
ingestion
doses:

PDR
=
Cw
x
IR
x
ET
(
Eq.
10)
BW
Where:
PDR
=
Potential
dose
rate
(
mg/
kg/
day);
Cw
=
Chemical
concentration
in
pool
water
(
mg/
L);
IR
=
Ingestion
rate
of
pool
water
(
L/
hr);
ET
=
Exposure
time
(
hrs/
day);
and
BW
=
Body
weight
(
kg).

Assumptions
 
For
short­
term
exposures,
the
application
rate
for
heavy
algae
contamination
(
5.00
ppm
or
5.0
mg
ADBAC/
L)
was
used.

 
The
ingestion
rate
is
based
on
the
value
used
in
EPA's
Residential
SOPs
(
US
EPA,
2000)
and
an
EPA
pilot
study
as
discussed
in
ACC's
swimmer
survey
(
ACC,
2002b).

 
Exposure
time
for
non­
competitive
swimmers
is
based
on
the
summary
statistics
from
the
National
Human
Activity
Pattern
Survey
(
NHAPS)
(
USEPA,
1996)
whereas
competitive
swimmer
exposure
time
data
are
based
on
the
Agency's
review
of
the
American
Chemistry
Council
(
ACC)
study
(
ACC,
2002b.

 
The
assumed
body
weight
is
60
kg
for
adult
females,
48
kg
for
children
(
age
11­
14
years),
and
30
kg
for
children
(
age
7­
10
years).
Page
35
of
107
Table
4.11.
Parameters
for
Swimming
Ingestion
Exposure
and
Dose
Estimate
Population
Adult
Child
7­
10
yrs
Child
11­
14
yrs
Type
of
Swimmer
Competitive
Non­
Competitive
Competitive
Non­
Competitive
Competitive
Non­
Competitive
Cw
(
mg/
L)
 
Short
term
exposure
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
IR
(
L/
hr)
0.0125
0.0125
0.05
0.05
0.025
0.05
ET(
hr/
day)
3
2a
1
3a
2
2.6a
BW(
kg)
60
60
30
30
48
48
a
90th
percentile
values
Short­
term
MOE
values
were
calculated
for
ingestion
of
swimming
pool
water
and
are
presented
in
Table
4.12.
The
calculations
for
short­
term
incidental
ingestion
of
ADBAC
indicate
no
risk
concern
for
the
non­
competitive
or
competitive
swimming
pool
scenarios
(
i.
e.,
MOE>
100).

Table
4.12.
Short­
Term
Ingestion
Dose
and
MOE
for
Residential
Swimming
Post­
Application
Use
Type
Scenario
Description
Ingestion
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
Ingestion
MOE
a
Adult,
Competitive
0.0031
3,200
Adult,
Non­
Competitive
0.0021
4,800
Child
(
7­
10
yrs),
Competitive
0.0083
1,200
Child
(
7­
10
yrs),
Non­
Competitive
0.025
400
Child
(
11­
14
yrs),
Competitive
0.0052
1,900
Swimming
Pool
Child
(
11­
14
yrs),
Non­
Competitive
0.0135
740
aMOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)/
Ingestion
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day).
Short­
term
Oral
NOAEL
=
10
mg/
kg/
day.
Target
MOE
=
100
4.2.2.6
Humidifiers
Inhalation
Exposures
for
Portable
Humidifiers
­
Adult
and
Child
Aerosol
inhalation
exposures
to
ADBAC
used
in
portable
humidifiers
may
also
occur.
EPA
assumes
inhalable
particles
include
sizes
up
to
100
microns.
To
determine
potential
inhalation
risk,
the
Multi­
Chamber
Concentration
and
Exposure
Model
(
MCCEM
v1.2)
was
used
to
provide
a
screening­
level
estimate
of
potential
inhalation
risk
to
adults
and
children.
A
summary
of
MCCEM
capabilities
are
described
above
in
the
air
deodorization
section.

Assumptions
 
The
entire
house
is
being
humidified;
therefore,
a
single
chamber
model
was
run.
Page
36
of
107
 
A
person
is
exposed
to
the
release
for
either
8­
hours
a
day
or
24­
hours
a
day.
 
The
inhalation
rates
for
the
8­
hour
exposure
period
are
based
on
the
sedentary
activities
(
0.5
m3/
hr
for
adults
and
0.4
m3/
hr
for
children).
The
inhalation
rates
for
the
24­
hour
exposure
period
are
based
on
the
chronic
inhalation
rates
(
13.3
m3/
day
for
adults
and
8.3
m3/
day
for
children)
(
USEPA,
1997).
 
For
the
8­
hr
exposure
duration
assessment,
the
MOE
was
calculated
using
concentrations
from
0
to
8
hours
after
the
humidifier
was
turned
on.
For
the
24­
hr
exposure
assessment,
it
was
assumed
that
the
humidifier
had
already
been
running
for
the
previous
day;
therefore,
the
concentrations
from
24
to
48
hours
after
the
fogger
was
turned
on
were
used.
 
Release
of
the
product
occurs
at
a
steady
state
throughout
the
day
(
constant
emission
rate
from
one
source).
 
The
label
indicated
that
1/
6
oz
of
product
should
be
used
per
gallon.
The
label
did
not
provide
information
on
the
quantity
of
solution
that
is
released
per
hour.
A
release
rate
of
11
gallons/
1,700
ft2/
24
hours
was
used
in
this
assessment
based
on
the
Cool
Mist
Console
Harmony
Humidifier
Model#
HM4600­
U.
(
http://
www.
holmesproducts.
com/
estore/
product.
aspx?
CatalogId=
3&
CategoryId=
112
0&
ProductId=
582).
It
was
assumed
that
11
gallons
of
the
dilute
solution
would
be
released
into
the
generic
MCCEM
house
(
approximately
1,800
ft2
assuming
8
ft
ceilings)
over
a
24­
hour
period.
Based
on
an
application
rate
of
0.00049
lb
ai/
gal,
approximately
0.102
g
ai/
hr
would
be
emitted
into
the
house.
 
It
was
assumed
that
100%
of
the
product
is
available
as
inhalable.

Results
The
resulting
short­
and
intermediate­
term
inhalation
exposure
and
MOE
for
the
representative
post­
application
inhalation
scenarios
are
presented
in
Table
4.13
and
4.14.
The
8­
hr
and
the
24­
hr
MOEs
for
children
and
adults
are
below
the
target
MOE
of
100.
Refinements
to
this
assessment
would
require
air
monitoring
data.

Table
4.13.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Post­
application
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Adults
and
Children
in
Houses
Being
Humidified
(
8­
hr
Exposure
Duration)
Value
Parameter
Adult
Child
Rationale
Housea
Generic
House
(
1­
chamber)
A
portable
humidifier
humidifies
the
entire
house
Activity
Schedule
8
hour
Time
Weight
Average
(
TWA)
starting
at
time
0.
EPA
Assumption
Air
Exchange
Rate
0.18/
hr
MCCEM
default
(
10th%
tile
estimate
for
all
regions,
USEPA
1997,
page
17­
11
and
17­
12)

Application
Rate
0.00049
lb
ai/
gal
Chemical
specific
product
label
Quantity
Dilute
Used
11
gallons/
24
hours
Cool
Mist
Console
Harmony
Humidifier
Model#
HM4600­
U
Page
37
of
107
Table
4.13.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Post­
application
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Adults
and
Children
in
Houses
Being
Humidified
(
8­
hr
Exposure
Duration)
Value
Parameter
Adult
Child
Rationale
Emission
Ratea
0.102
gram
ai/
hr
Application
rate
(
lb
ai/
gal)
*
Use
amount
(
gal/
hr)
*
CF
(
g/
lb)

Body
Weighta
60
kg
15
kg
Average
body
weights
for
adults
and
young
children
Inhalation
Ratea
12
m3/
day
(
0.5
m3/
hr)
9.6
m3/
day
(
0.4
m3/
hr)
Sedentary
rate
for
adults
and
young
children
(
USEPA,
1997)

MCCEM
Outputs
Average
Concentration
over
8­
hrs
(
mg/
m3)
0.637607
0.637607
Average
of
MCCEM­
calculated
air
concentrations
from
0
to
8
hrs
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.042507
0.272046
Average
Conc.
*
8
hrs
*
Inhal.
Rate
/
BW
Inhalation
short­
and
intermediate­
term
MOEb
71
11
NOAEL
(
3
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Dose
a
Used
as
MCCEM
input.
Default
values
from
MCCEM
were
used
for
all
inputs
not
listed
in
the
table
above.
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
[
Where
short­,
intermediate­
term
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day].
Target
MOE
=
100.

Table
4.14.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Post­
application
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Adults
and
Children
in
Houses
Being
Humidified
(
24­
hr
Exposure
Duration)

Value
Parameter
Adult
Child
Rationale
Housea
Generic
House
(
1­
chamber)
A
portable
humidifier
humidifies
the
entire
house
Activity
Schedule
8
hour
Time
Weight
Average
(
TWA)
starting
at
time
0.
EPA
Assumption
Air
Exchange
Rate
0.18/
hr
MCCEM
default
(
10th%
tile
estimate
for
all
regions,
USEPA
1997,
page
17­
11
and
17­
12)

Application
Rate
0.00049
lb
ai/
gal
Chemical
specific
product
label
Quantity
Dilute
Used
11
gallons/
24
hours
Cool
Mist
Console
Harmony
Humidifier
Model#
HM4600­
U
Emission
Ratea
0.102
gram
ai/
hr
Application
rate
(
lb
ai/
gal)
*
Use
amount
(
gal/
hr)
*
CF
(
g/
lb)

Body
Weighta
60
kg
15
kg
Average
body
weights
for
adults
and
young
children
Inhalation
Ratea
13.3
m3/
day
8.3
m3/
day
Chronic
rate
for
adults
and
young
children
(
USEPA,
1997)

MCCEM
Outputs
Page
38
of
107
Table
4.14.
Short­
and
Intermediate­
term
Post­
application
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Adults
and
Children
in
Houses
Being
Humidified
(
24­
hr
Exposure
Duration)

Value
Parameter
Adult
Child
Rationale
Average
Concentration
over
24
hrs
(
mg/
m3)
1.39
1.39
Average
of
MCCEM­
calculated
air
concentrations
from
24
to
48
hrs
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.307
0.767
Average
Conc.
*
24
hrs
*
Inhal.
Rate
/
BW
Inhalation
short­,
intermediate­
term
MOEb
10
4
NOAEL
(
3
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Dose
a
Used
as
MCCEM
input.
Default
values
from
MCCEM
were
used
for
all
inputs
not
listed
in
the
table
above.
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
potential
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
[
Where
short­,
intermediate­
term
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day].
Target
MOE
=
100.

4.2.2.7
Instrument
Mouthpiece/
Reed
The
product
Sterisol
Germicide
(
EPA
Reg.
#
32977­
1),
a
liquid
ready­
to­
use
formulation
containing
0.06%
ai
(
0.0050
lb
ai/
gal),
can
be
used
in
schools
and
studios
to
sanitize
and
disinfect
mouthpieces,
reeds,
and
pre­
band
instruments.
Sanitization
involves
immersion
for
one
minute
and
disinfection
involves
immersion
for
10
minutes
followed
by
a
potable
water
rinse.
At
this
time,
the
Agency
does
not
have
exposure
data
to
assess
oral
exposures
to
children
and
adults;
therefore,
the
Agency
is
requesting
residue
data
from
mouthpieces
and
reeds.

4.2.3
Data
Limitations/
Uncertainties
There
are
several
data
limitations
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
residential
handler
and
post­
application
exposure
assessments.
These
include
the
following:

 
Surrogate
dermal
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
were
taken
from
the
proprietary
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
antimicrobial
exposure
study
(
USEPA,
1999:
DP
Barcode
D247642)
or
from
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
(
USEPA,
1998)
(
See
Appendix
B
for
summaries
of
these
data
sources).
Most
of
the
CMA
data
are
of
poor
quality,
therefore,
AD
requests
that
confirmatory
monitoring
data
be
generated
to
support
the
values
used
in
these
assessments.
 
The
quantities
handled/
treated
were
estimated
based
on
information
from
various
sources,
including
HED's
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessments
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001).
In
certain
cases,
no
standard
values
were
available
for
some
scenarios.
Assumptions
for
these
scenarios
were
based
on
AD
estimates
and
could
be
further
refined
from
input
from
registrants.
 
Some
labels
for
products
which
can
be
used
by
homeowners
in
residential
settings,
as
well
as
by
workers
in
occupational
settings,
indicate
that
low
pressure
sprayers
can
be
used
for
application
of
the
disinfectant
to
hard,
non­
porous
surfaces
such
as
floors
and
walls.
A
residential
low
pressure
spray
scenario
was
not
assessed
for
the
residential
scenario
because
it
is
not
a
typical
cleaning
method
for
homeowners.
 
At
this
time,
the
Agency
does
not
have
exposure
data
to
assess
oral
exposures
to
children
and
adults
from
using
treated
mouthpieces
and
reeds;
therefore,
the
Agency
is
Page
39
of
107
requesting
residue
data
from
treated
mouthpieces
and
reeds.
 
In
this
assessment,
incidental
ingestion
and
dermal
exposures
to
treated
wood
were
estimated
using
surrogate
DDAC
data.
The
degree
of
uncertainty
(
under­
or
overestimation)
associated
with
using
the
DDAC
hand
residue
data
for
dermal
and
oral
exposure
from
contacting
treated
lumber
are
unknown.
The
amount
of
residue
measured
on
the
test
subjects
hands
is
variable
and
are
influenced
by
the
duration
of
exposure,
how
often
wood
is
contacted,
and
the
degree
of
contact
(
i.
e.,
do
the
hand
residues
from
the
DDAC
study
mimic
a
child's
play
activity
on
decks
and
play
sets?).
 
Available
data
to
assess
the
levels
of
ADBAC
in
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood
do
not
exist
at
this
time.
In
addition,
leaching
data
were
also
not
available.
Because
of
this
data
gap,
EPA
was
not
able
to
estimate
dermal
and
incidental
ingestion
residential
post­
application
exposures
to
soil
contaminated
with
ADBAC­
treated
wood.

5.0
RESIDENTIAL
AGGREGATE
RISK
ASSESSMENT
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
 
To
be
determined
and
presented
in
the
risk
assessment
chapter.

6.0
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT
The
exposure
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document
for
the
representative
uses
selected
by
AD
are
shown
in
Table
6.1.
The
table
also
shows
the
maximum
application
rate
associated
with
the
representative
use
and
the
appropriate
EPA
Registration
number
for
the
product
label.
It
should
be
noted
that
for
the
calculation
of
application
rates
in
which
8.34
lb/
gal
is
noted,
the
product
is
assumed
to
have
the
density
of
water
because
no
product­
specific
density
is
available.
Appendix
A
presents
a
summary
of
all
exposure
scenarios
that
may
occur
in
occupational
settings
based
on
examination
of
product
labels.

Potential
occupational
handler
exposure
can
occur
in
various
use
sites,
which
include:
agricultural
premises,
industrial
processes
and
water
systems,
food
handling
premises,
commercial/
institutional/
industrial
premises,
medical
premises,
swimming
pools,
and
aquatic
areas.
Additionally,
occupational
exposure
can
occur
during
the
preservation
of
wood.
For
the
preservation
of
wood,
the
procedure
for
treatment
can
occur
in
different
ways,
such
that
multiple
worker
functions
were
analyzed.
Due
to
the
complexity
of
the
wood
preservative
analysis,
the
results
for
handler
and
post­
application
exposures
are
presented
separately
in
Section
6.3.

Table
6.1.
Representative
Exposure
Scenarios
Associated
with
Occupational
Exposures
to
ADBAC
Representative
Use
Method
of
Application
Exposure
Scenario
Registration
#
Application
Rate
Agricultural
Premises
(
Use
Category
I)

General
Disinfectant
for
Hard
Surfaces,
Equipment,
Vehicles
 
Low
pressure
hand
wand
 
High
Pressure
Spray
 
Wiping
surface
 
Trigger
pump
spray
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
1839­
155
0.017
lb
ai/
gal
(
20%
a.
i.
x
1.335
fl.
oz/
gal
water
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz
x
8.34
lb/
gal)
Page
40
of
107
Table
6.1.
Representative
Exposure
Scenarios
Associated
with
Occupational
Exposures
to
ADBAC
Representative
Use
Method
of
Application
Exposure
Scenario
Registration
#
Application
Rate
 
Mopping
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
67517­
15
0.012
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
23.6%
a.
i.
x
0.75
fl.
oz/
gal
water
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Hands
(
cleaning)
 
Immerse
ST
Postapplication
dermal
507­
3
0.0017
lb
ai/
gal
(
3.8
g/
2
gal
x
0.0022046
lb/
g
x
40%
a.
i.)

Fogger
 
Liquid
pour
ST/
IT
Handler
(
mix/
load
only):
Inhalation
ST
Postapplication
inhalation
10324­
118
0.27
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
21.7%
a.
i.
x
48
fl.
oz/
2.5
gal
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Food
Handling
(
Use
Category
II)
 
Wipe
 
Mop
 
Low
pressure
sprayer
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
1203­
41
0.0176
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
4.5%
a.
i.
x
6
oz
product/
gal
water
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1gal/
128oz)

 
Trigger
pump
spray
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
6836­
193
0.025
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
0.3%
a.
i.
x
8.34
lb/
gal)
Indoor
Hard
Surfaces
(
including
dishes,
utensils,
equipment)

 
Flood
 
Immersion
 
Circulation
(
Liquid
pour)
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
1839­
155
0.00325
lb
ai/
gal
(
20%
a.
i.
x
0.25
oz
product/
gal
water
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1gal/
128oz)

Fogger
 
Liquid
pour
ST
Postapplication
Inhalation
10324­
118
0.011
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
21.7%
x
0.75
oz/
gal
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1
gal/
128oz)

Commercial/
Industrial/
Institutional
Premises
(
Use
Category
III)

 
Low
pressure
hand
wand
 
Mop
 
Wipe
 
Trigger
pump
sprayer
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
10324­
118
0.0283
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
2
oz
product/
gal
water
x
21.7%
a.
i.
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)
Indoor
Hard
Surfaces
 
Liquid
pour
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
6836­
193
0.025
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
0.3%
a.
i.
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Air
Deodorization,
Surface
disinfection
and
deodorization
 
Aerosol
spray
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
1839­
85
0.2%
a.
i.
by
weight
Page
41
of
107
Table
6.1.
Representative
Exposure
Scenarios
Associated
with
Occupational
Exposures
to
ADBAC
Representative
Use
Method
of
Application
Exposure
Scenario
Registration
#
Application
Rate
Carpets
 
Truck
mounted
extraction
machines
(
Liquid
pour)
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
1839­
81
0.141
lb
ai/
gal
(
9%
a.
i.
x
24
oz
product/
gal
water
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1gal/
128oz)

Medical
Premises
(
Use
Category
V)
Indoor
Hard
Surfaces
 
Mop
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
1203­
41
0.0176
lb
a.
i./
gal
(
4.5%
a.
i.
x
6
oz
product/
gal
water
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1gal/
128oz)
Instruments
 
Immersion
(
Liquid
pour)
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
7211­
10
0.0209
lb
ai/
gal
(
0.25%
a.
i.
x
8.34
lb/
gal)

Industrial
processes
and
water
systems
(
Use
Category
VIII)
Oil
field
operations
­
drilling
mud
and
packing
fluidsa
 
Liquid
Pour
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
1839­
179
1.0
lb
ai/
gal
product
(
12%
a.
i.
x
8.34
lb/
gal
product)
Pulp
and
Paper
 
preservative
in
additive
system
 
Metered
pump
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
1706­
177
0.0019
lb
ai/
gal
(
750
mg/
L
x
3.8
L/
gal
x
2.2e­
6
lb/
mg
x
30.62%
ai)

Pulp
and
Paper
 
Metered
pump
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
6836­
58
41.7
lb
ai/
ton
paper
(
50
gal/
ton
paper
x
8.34
lb
/
gal
x
10%
ai
)

 
Liquid
Pour
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
6836­
234
6.67
lb
ai/
gal
product
(
80%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal)
Small
process
water
systems
(
i.
e.,
evaporative
condensers,
water
scrubbing,
wastewater
treatment,
pasteurizers,
auxiliary
service
water,
recirculating
cooling
water)
 
Metered
pump
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
10324­
21
Initial
dose:
3.34E­
4
lb
ai/
dilute
gal
(
50%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
10.25
fl.
oz/
1,000
gal
water
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz)
Maintenance
dose:
1.25E­
4
lb
ai/
dilute
gal
(
50%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
3.85
fl.
oz/
1,000
gal
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz)
Once­
through
Cooling
Water
Systems
(
i.
e.
power
plants)
 
Metered
pump
ST/
IT
Handler:
Inhalation
6836­
234
Initial
dose
(
ST):
8.86
E­
5
lb
ai/
gal
(
80%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1.7
fl.
oz/
1,000
gal
water
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz)
Maintenance
dose
(
IT):
4.69E­
5
lb
ai/
gal
(
80%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
0.9
fl.
oz/
1,000
gal
water
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz)
Page
42
of
107
Table
6.1.
Representative
Exposure
Scenarios
Associated
with
Occupational
Exposures
to
ADBAC
Representative
Use
Method
of
Application
Exposure
Scenario
Registration
#
Application
Rate
Metal
or
Wooden
Cooling
tower
 
High
pressure
sprayerb
ST/
IT/
LT
Handler:
inhalation
507­
3
0.00084
lb
ai/
gal
[
40%
a.
i.
x
100
ppm
product
x
(
0.0095
g/
gallon)/
ppm
x
0.0022046
lb/
g
)

Wood
Preservation
(
Use
Category
X)
Non­
pressure
treatment
of
wood
and
wood
products
in
wood
treatment
facilities
Handler
Worker
Functions
 
Diptank
Operators
 
Blender/
spray
operators
 
Chemical
operators
Post­
Application
Worker
Functions
 
Graders
 
Trim
saw
operators
 
Clean­
up
crews
 
Construction
Workers
ST/
IT/
LT
Handler:
inhalation
ST/
IT/
LT
Postapplication
dermal
and
inhalation
1839­
184
Diptank
operators
and
blender/
spray
operators:
3%
ai
solution
All
other
worker
functions:
50%
ai
in
product
Non­
pressure
treatment
of
wood
on
existing
homes
 
Airless
sprayc
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
1839­
184
0.25
lb
ai/
gal
(
50%
ai
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
7.68
fl.
oz./
gal
x
1
gal/
128
fl.
oz)
Pressure
treatment
of
wood
and
wood
products
in
wood
treatment
facilities
Handler
Worker
Functions
 
Treatment
assistant
 
Treatment
operator
Post­
Application
Worker
Functions
 
Tram
setter,
stacker
operator,
loader
operator,
supervisor,
test
borer,
and
tallyman
ST/
IT/
LT
Handler:
inhalation
ST/
IT/
LT
Postapplication
dermal
inhalation
1839­
184
3%
aid
Swimming
Pools
(
Use
Category
XI)
Swimming
pools/
Spas
 
Liquid
pour
ST/
IT
Handler:
inhalation
6836­
310
1839­
141
Maintenance:
0.0000098
lb
ai/
gal
(
50.0%
x
3
oz/
10,000
gal
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)

Winterizing:
0.000052
lb
ai/
gal
(
50.0%
x
16
oz/
10,000
gal
x
8.34
lb/
gal
x
1
gal/
128
oz)
Aquatic
Areas
(
Use
Category
XII)
The
decorative
ponds,
fountains,
and
agricultural
watering
line
application
rates
are
similar
to
swimming
pool
use
and
therefore,
are
not
assessed
separately
(
pool
volume/
amount
handled
represents
high
end
exposure
potential).
Page
43
of
107
a
For
the
secondary
recovery
application,
the
biocide
is
meter
pumped
into
the
produced
water
before
it
is
reinjected
into
the
formation
or
well.
Since
the
biocide
is
added
via
metering
pump
(
continuous
or
batch)
in
the
secondary
recovery
systems,
the
drilling
rig
worker
handling
the
biocide
via
open
pouring
is
expected
to
have
a
higher
exposure
than
the
secondary
recovery
worker.
Additionally,
the
current
CMA
data
are
not
representative
of
handling
the
large
volume
assumed
in
this
scenario.
b
The
label
does
not
indicate
the
type
of
spray
equipment
that
should
be
used
for
surface
applications
to
metal/
wood
cooling
towers.
The
high
pressure
sprayer
was
assessed.
c
The
label
indicates
that
applications
to
existing
homes
can
be
made
through
brush
or
spray.
The
airless
sprayer
method
was
selected
because
it
is
based
on
applying
a
fungicide
in
a
house
stain
to
the
outside
shakes
of
a
house;
not
an
aerosolized
paint
sprayer.
d
The
application
rate
for
pressure
treated
wood
preservation
is
based
on
the
master
label.
The
actual
label
only
provides
a
retention
rate.

6.1
Occupational
Handler
Exposures
The
occupational
handler
scenarios
included
in
Table
6.1
were
assessed
to
determine
inhalation
exposures.
The
general
assumptions
and
equations
that
were
used
to
calculate
occupational
handler
inhalation
risks
are
provided
in
Section
1.2,
Criteria
for
Conducting
the
Risk
Assessment.
The
majority
of
the
scenarios
were
assessed
using
CMA
data
and
Equations
1­
3.
However,
for
the
occupational
scenarios
in
which
CMA
data
were
insufficient,
other
data
and
methods
were
applied.

ADBAC
dermal
irritation
exposures
and
risks
were
not
estimated
for
occupational
handler
exposures.
Instead,
dermal
irritation
exposures
and
risks
will
be
mitigated
using
default
personal
protective
equipment
requirements
based
on
the
toxicity
of
the
end­
use
product.
To
minimize
dermal
exposures,
the
minimum
PPE
required
for
mixers,
loaders,
and
others
exposed
to
end­
use
products
containing
concentrations
of
ADBAC
that
result
in
classification
of
category
I,
II,
or
III
for
skin
irritation
potential
will
be
long­
sleeve
shirt,
long
pants,
shoes,
socks,
chemical­
resistant
gloves,
and
chemical­
resistant
apron.
Once
diluted,
if
the
concentration
of
ADBAC
in
the
diluted
solution
would
result
in
classification
of
toxicity
category
IV
for
skin
irritation
potential,
then
the
chemical­
resistant
gloves
and
chemicalresistant
apron
can
be
eliminated
for
applicators
and
others
exposed
to
the
dilute.
Note
that
chemical­
resistant
eyewear
will
be
required
if
the
end­
use
product
is
classified
as
category
I
or
II
for
eye
irritation
potential.

Unit
Exposure
Values
(
UE):
Inhalation
unit
exposure
values
were
taken
from
the
proprietary
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
antimicrobial
exposure
study
(
USEPA,
1999b:
DP
Barcode
D247642)
or
from
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
(
USEPA,
1998).

$
For
the
liquid
pour
scenarios,
the
unit
exposure
depends
on
the
material
being
treated.
The
following
CMA
unit
exposures
were
available
and
used
for
the
assessment
of
the
risk
associated
with
the
treatment
of
the
specified
materials.
o
Swimming
pools,
carpets,
and
oilfield
operations
(
drilling
muds
and
packer
fluids):
CMA
preservative
data
(
gloved).
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
is
0.00346
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
is
based
on
2
replicates.
Although
this
unit
exposure
is
based
on
minimal
replicates,
the
exposure
value
is
similar
to
the
one
found
in
PHED
for
a
similar
scenarios.
Page
44
of
107
o
Indoor
hard
surfaces
(
immersion,
flooding
and
circulation)
and
medical
instruments
in
Use
Site
Categories
II
and
V:
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
disinfectant
liquid
pour
(
1.89
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
was
used.
o
Small
process
water
systems:
CMA
cooling
tower
data
(
gloved).
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
is
0.450
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
is
based
on
5
replicates.

$
For
the
mopping
scenarios,
the
CMA
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
ungloved
mopping
was
used
(
2.38
mg/
lb
a.
i.).
This
value
is
based
on
data
collected
from
six
replicates
in
which
the
applicator
mopped
the
floor
and
received
exposure
via
contact
with
the
mop
or
with
the
bucket.

$
For
the
wiping
scenarios,
the
CMA
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
ungloved
wiping
was
used
(
67.3
mg/
lb
a.
i.).
This
value
is
based
on
data
collected
from
six
replicates
(
dental
technicians)
who
used
a
finger
pump
sprayer
to
apply
the
product
and
then
wiped
the
surfaces
with
a
paper
towel
$
For
the
low
pressure
hand
wand
scenario,
the
CMA
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
low
pressure
spray
was
used
(
0.681
mg/
lb
a.
i.).
This
value
is
based
on
data
collected
from
eight
replicates
in
which
the
applicator
hand
sprayed
carpet
using
200
psi,
then
used
a
push
broom
rake
to
raise
the
carpet
nap
$
For
the
aerosol
spray
and
trigger
pump
spray
scenarios,
the
PHED
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
aerosol
applications
(
PHED
scenario
10)
was
used.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
is
1.3
mg/
lb
a.
i.

$
For
the
liquid/
metering
pump
scenarios,
the
unit
exposure
depends
on
the
material
being
treated.
The
following
CMA
unit
exposures
were
available
and
used
for
the
assessment
of
the
risk
associated
with
the
treatment
of
the
specified
materials.
o
Pulp
and
paper,
Papermaking
chemicals,
and
Once­
through
cooling
water
systems:
CMA
pulp
and
paper
gloved
data
were
used.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
is
0.000265
mg/
lb
a.
i.
The
value
is
based
on
7
replicates
where
the
test
subjects
were
wearing
a
single
layer
of
clothing
and
chemical
resistant
gloves.
This
unit
exposure
was
used
for
the
once
through
cooling
water
system
because
no
representative
data
exists
for
the
volume
of
water
treated
in
power
plant
facilities.
o
Small
process
water
systems:
CMA
cooling
tower
data.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
is
0.00432
mg/
lb
a.
i.
and
is
based
on
4
replicates.

$
For
the
high­
pressure/
high
volume
spray
and
medium
pressure
spray
scenarios,
the
PHED
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
liquid/
open
pour/
high
pressure
spray
(
PHED
scenario
35)
was
used
(
0.12
mg/
lb
a.
i.).

$
For
airless
sprayer
scenarios,
the
occupational
PHED
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
for
airless
sprayer
application
(
PHED
scenario
23)
was
used.
The
inhalation
exposure
value
is
0.83
mg/
lb
a.
i.

$
For
the
fogging,
ULV/
mist
sprayer
and
automated
system
scenarios,
it
was
assumed
that
most
of
the
exposure
to
the
handler
will
be
due
to
preparing
the
fogger,
and
that
the
handler
leaves
the
room
immediately
after
fogging
commences.
Therefore,
the
available
CMA
disinfectant
liquid
pour
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
was
used.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
is
1.89
mg/
lb
a.
i.,
respectively.
This
value
is
based
on
data
collected
from
two
gloved
replicates
involving
pouring
a
disinfectant
product
from
a
jug
into
sterilization
trays
designed
for
dental
instruments,
adding
water
and
instruments
to
the
tray,
removing
the
instruments,
and
discarding
the
old
solution.
Page
45
of
107
Quantity
handled/
treated:
The
quantity
handled/
treated
values
were
estimated
based
on
information
from
various
sources.
The
following
assumptions
were
made:

 
For
the
liquid
pour
scenarios,
the
quantity
of
the
chemical
that
is
handled
depends
on
the
material
that
is
being
treated.
The
following
values
were
used
for
the
different
materials:
o
Swimming
pools:
200,000
gallons.
o
Indoor
hard
surfaces
(
immersion,
flooding
and
circulation)
and
medical
instruments:
2
gallons.
o
Carpets:
32
gallons,
based
on
label
1839­
81
(
solution
is
metered
at
4
gallons
per
hour,
assuming
an
8­
hour
shift).
o
Oil
field
operations
(
drilling
muds
and
packer
fluids):
The
following
use
information
was
used
to
estimate
the
amount
of
ai
handled
per
day
during
oilwell
activities.
Biocide
is
typically
added
directly
to
drilling
rig
mud
tanks
via
open
pouring.
Over
a
3
to
6
week
period,
while
a
13,000
ft
well
is
being
drilled,
1
to
2
drums
(
1
drum
=
42
gallons)
of
biocide
may
be
used
if
microbiological
problems
are
encountered.
Therefore,
the
short­
term
exposure
assessment
used
5.6
gallons
for
the
amount
of
biocide
handled
per
day
by
the
drilling
rig
worker
[
i.
e.,
(
2
drums
x
42
gal/
drum)
/
(
5
days/
week
x
3
weeks)
=
5.6
gal/
day].
The
intermediate­
term
exposure
assessment
used
2.8
gallons
for
the
amount
of
biocide
handled
per
day
by
the
drilling
rig
worker
[
i.
e.,
(
2
drums
x
42
gal/
drum)
/
(
5
days/
week
x
6
weeks)
=
2.8
gal/
day].
Although
crew
changes
may
occur
in
drilling
rig
operations,
typically
a
designated
customer
representative
is
responsible
for
the
biocide
feeding.
Therefore,
one
person
would
be
involved
with
the
biocide
application
activities
on
a
daily
basis.
o
Small
process
water
systems:
The
daily
amount
of
biocide
handled
that
was
used
in
this
assessment
was
based
on
the
following
information
provided
by
Dick
Youmans
of
Buckman
Labs
(
personal
communication
on
6/
30/
04
and
10/
27/
04).
Workers
in
small
systems
could
manually
pour
5
to
10
gallons
of
biocide
into
the
system,
but
larger
systems
would
utilize
chemical
pumps
in
order
to
save
time
and
labor
expense.
Therefore,
AD
assumed
that
workers
handle
10
gallons
of
biocide
per
day
when
making
open
pour
applications.

$
For
the
liquid/
metering
pump
scenarios
the
quantity
that
is
handled
depends
on
the
material
that
is
being
treated.
The
following
values
were
used
for
the
different
materials:
o
Pulp
and
Paper:
500
tons/
day.
o
Pulp
and
Paper
Making
Chemicals:
It
was
conservatively
assumed
that
1,000
gallons
of
paper
making
chemicals
could
be
preserved
each
day.
o
Small
process
water
systems:
AD
has
assumed
that
20,000
gallons
of
water
are
treated
daily
when
chemical
pump
applications
are
made.
o
Once­
through
cooling
water
systems:
AD
has
assumed
that
between
5,900,000
and
153,000,000
gallons
of
water
are
treated
per
day.
This
range
is
based
on
the
average
of
7Q10
values
from
12
low
flow
streams
(
100
MGD)
and
6
high
flow
streams
(
1,000
MGD).
The
streams
chosen
for
the
averages
were
used
in
the
ADBAC
Ecological
Risk
Assessment
(
Versar,
2005).
The
7Q10
flow
rate
is
a
flow
rate
that,
once
every
ten
years,
a
stream
is
expected
to
be
below
for
seven
consecutive
days.
It
was
assumed
to
be
the
normal
cooling
water
flow
rate.
This
value
was
chosen
because
it
is
assumed
that
electric
plants
would
need
to
have
a
steady
supply
of
cooling
water,
and
the
7Q10
flow
reflects
a
Page
46
of
107
rate
that
could
be
maintained
continuously
by
the
power
plant.
This
is
not
a
conservative
assumption,
since
electric
plants
may
use
more
cooling
water
under
normal
conditions,
though
at
a
greater
risk
of
running
out
of
usable
water.
For
lack
of
better
data,
however,
these
values
were
used.
 
For
the
mopping
scenarios,
it
was
assumed
that
two
gallons
of
solution
are
used
in
the
agricultural,
food
handling,
and
commercial/
institutional/
industrial
settings
and
45
gallons
are
used
in
the
medical
setting.
The
medical
setting
use
amount
is
based
on
a
janitor
cleans
approximately
28
hospital
rooms
a
day
and
changing
the
cleaning
water
every
three
rooms
(
Helwig
2003).
 
For
the
wiping
and
trigger
pump
spray
scenarios,
it
was
assumed
that
1
liter
or
0.26
gallons
were
used.
 
For
the
air
deodorization,
surface
disinfection
and
deodorization
scenario,
it
was
assumed
that
3
cans
of
product
are
used.
The
product
label
did
not
provide
the
net
weight
of
the
can;
therefore,
it
was
also
assumed
that
a
can
contains
16
oz
of
the
product
(
3
x
16
oz
=
48
oz,
or
48
oz.
x
1
lb/
16oz.
=
3.0
lbs
product).
 
For
the
fogging
scenario
in
the
agricultural
use
site
category,
it
was
assumed
that
150,000
ft3
is
treated,
based
on
the
estimated
dimensions
of
a
poultry
barn
(
300
ft
x
50
ft
x
10
ft).
As
the
label
directions
only
state
to
fog
for
one
minute
on
maximum
output
per
4,000
ft3
and
does
not
provide
the
amount
of
treatment
solution
to
use
per
cubic
foot,
AD
assumed
that
the
maximum
fogger
output
is
0.42
gallons/
min
(
25
gal/
hr).
This
value
is
the
maximum
output
for
the
Mistermax
fogger
which
is
used
to
dispense
fungicides,
insecticides,
germicides
and
disinfectants
as
wettable
powders,
emulsifiable
concentrates,
flowables
or
liquids
in
a
variety
of
applications
such
as
greenhouses,
warehouses,
food
processing
plants,
and
swine/
poultry
houses
(
http://
bugsource.
com/
mistermax.
html).
 
For
the
low­
pressure
hand
wand
scenario,
it
was
assumed
that
40
gallons
of
solution
are
used
in
agricultural
scenarios
(
Exposure
Policy
#
009)
and
2
gallons
are
used
in
all
other
applications.
 
For
the
high­
pressure
spray
scenario,
it
was
assumed
that
40
gallons
of
solution
are
used
for
application
to
agricultural
vehicles/
equipment
and
for
the
cooling
towers
scenario,
a
range
of
100
to
1,000
gallons
treatment
solution
was
used
due
to
the
uncertainty
in
the
quantity
of
solution
used
for
this
scenarios.
The
values
could
be
further
refined
from
input
from
registrants.

Duration
of
Exposure:
The
MOEs
were
calculated
for
the
short­
and
intermediate­
term
durations
for
occupational
handlers
using
the
appropriate
endpoints
in
Table
3.2.

Exposure
Calculations
and
Results
The
resulting
inhalation
exposures
and
MOEs
for
the
representative
occupational
handler
scenarios
are
presented
in
Table
6.2.
The
calculated
MOEs
were
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios,
except
those
listed
below.

 
Agricultural
fogging
(
mixing
and
loading):
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
26
 
Medical
premises,
mopping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
95
 
Pulp
and
paper,
liquid
pump:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
33
 
Once­
through
cooling
water,
metering
pump:
Using
the
average
flow
rate
for
high
flow
streams
(
153
MGD)
the
ST
Inhalation
MOE
=
50
for
initial
applications
and
the
IT
MOE
=
95
for
maintenance
applications;
however,
using
the
average
flow
rate
for
Page
47
of
107
low
flow
streams
(
5.9
MGD)
the
ST
Inhalation
MOE
=
1,300
for
initial
applications
and
the
IT
MOE
=
2,500
for
maintenance
applications.
 
Small
process
water
systems,
liquid
pour:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
6.

A
confirmatory
inhalation
toxicity
study
may
be
warranted
because
inhalation
MOEs
were
below
1,000
for
the
following
scenarios
(
in
addition
to
those
listed
above):
 
Agricultural
­
hard
surfaces,
wiping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
590;
low
pressure
hand
wand
MOE
=
380
 
Food
handling
­
hard
surfaces,
wiping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
580
 
Commercial/
Institutional
premises
 
hard
surfaces,
wiping:
ST/
IT
Inhalation
MOE
=
360
Table
6.2
Short­
,
Intermediate­
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Risks
Associated
with
Occupational
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Method
of
Application
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
Application
Rate
Quantity
Handled/
Treated
per
day
Inhalation
Absorbed
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
a
Inhalation
MOEb,
c
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

Agricultural
Premises
and
Equipment
(
Use
Site
Category
I)

Mop
2.38
0.012
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.00091
3,300
High
pressure/
high
volume
spray
0.12
0.017
lb
ai/
gal
40
gallons
0.0014
2,200
Low
pressure
hand
wand
0.681
0.017
lb
ai/
gal
40
gallons
0.0079
380
Trigger
pump
sprayer
1.3
0.017
lb
ai/
gal
0.26
gallons
0.000098
31,000
Application
to
hard
surfaces,
equipment,
and
vehicles
Wipe
67.3
0.017
lb
ai/
gal
0.26
gallons
0.0051
590
Fogging
(
mix/
load
only)
Liquid
pour
1.89
2.46E­
05
lb/
ft3
150,000
ft3
0.12
26
Food
Handling/
Storage
Establishments
Premises
And
Equipment
(
Use
Site
Category
II)

Low
pressure
hand
wand
0.681
0.0176
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.0004
7,500
Mop
2.38
0.0176
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.0014
2,100
Wipe
67.3
0.0176
lb
ai/
gal
0.26
gallons
0.0051
580
Trigger
pump
sprayer
1.3
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
0.26
gallons
0.00014
21,000
Application
to
indoor
hard
surfaces
(
including
dishes,
utensils,
equipment)

Immersion,
Flooding,
Circulation
1.89
0.00325
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.0002
15,000
Commercial,
Institutional
and
Industrial
Premises
and
Equipment
(
Use
Site
Category
III
)

Low
pressure
hand
wand
0.681
0.0283
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.00064
4,700
Mop
2.38
0.0283
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.0022
1,300
Wipe
67.3
0.0283
lb
ai/
gal
0.26
gallons
0.0083
360
Trigger
pump
sprayer
1.3
0.0283
lb
ai/
gal
0.26
gallons
0.00016
19,000
Application
to
indoor
hard
surfaces
Immersion
1.89
0.025
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.0016
1,900
Air
deodorization,
surface
disinfection
and
deodorization
Aerosol
spray
1.3
0.20%
a.
i.
by
weight
3.0
lbs
0.00013
23,000
Application
to
carpets
Liquid
pour
0.00346
0.141
lb
ai/
gal
32
gallons
0.00026
12,000
Medical
Premises
and
Equipment
(
Use
Site
Category
V)

Application
to
hard
surfaces
Mop
2.38
0.0176
lb
ai/
gal
45
gallons
0.031
95
Application
to
dental
instruments
Immersion
(
Liquid
pour)
1.89
0.0209
lb
ai/
gal
2
gallons
0.0013
2,300
Page
48
of
107
Table
6.2
Short­
,
Intermediate­
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Risks
Associated
with
Occupational
Handlers
Exposure
Scenario
Method
of
Application
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
Application
Rate
Quantity
Handled/
Treated
per
day
Inhalation
Absorbed
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
a
Inhalation
MOEb,
c
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

Industrial
Processes
and
Water
Systems
(
Use
Site
Category
VIII)

Pulp
and
Paper
Metering
pump
0.000265
41.7
lb
ai/
ton
paper
500
tons
0.092
33
Papermaking
Chemicals
Metering
pump
0.000265
0.0019
lb
ai/
gal
additive
1,000
gallons
8.5E­
6
350,000
Initial
Dose
(
ST):
8.86E­
5
lb
ai/
gal
water
5,900,000
gallons
0.0023
ST=
1300
Maintenance
Dose
(
IT):
4.69E­
5
lb
ai/
gal
5,900,000
gallons
0.0012
IT=
2,500
Initial
Dose
(
ST):
8.86E­
5
lb
ai/
gal
water
153,000,000
gallons
0.06
ST
=
50
Once­
through
Cooling
Water
System
­
Power
plant
Metering
pump
0.000265
Maintenance
Dose
(
IT):
4.69E­
5
lb
ai/
gal
153,000,000
gallons
0.032
IT=
95
Liquid
pour
0.45
6.67
lb
ai/
gal
product
10
gallons
0.5
6
Initial
Dose
(
ST):
3.34E­
4
lb
ai/
gal
water
20,000
gallons
0.00048
ST=
6,200
Small
process
water
systems:
Recirculating
cooling
tower/
evaporative
condenser/
pasteurizers
Metering
pump
0.00432
Maintenance
Dose
(
IT):
1.25E­
4
lb
ai/
gal
water
20,000
gallons
0.00018
IT=
17,000
5.6
gallons
ST
=
0.00032
ST
=
9,300
Oil
field
operations
­
drilling
mud
and
packing
fluids
Liquid
pour
0.00346
1.00
lb
ai/
gal
product
2.8
gallons
IT
=
0.00016
IT
=
19,000
100
gallons
0.00017
18,000
Metal/
wood
cooling
tower
surface
spray
High
pressure
spray
0.12
0.00084
lb
ai/
gal
water
1,000
gallons
0.0017
1,800
Swimming
Pools
(
Use
Site
Category
X)

Winterizing
Dose
(
ST):

0.000052
lb
ai/
gal
200,000
gallons
0.0006
ST
=
5,000
Application
to
swimming
pools
Liquid
pour
0.00346
Maintenance
Dose
(
IT/
LT):

0.0000098
lb
ai/
gal
200,000
gallons
0.00011
IT/
LT
=
27,000
ST
=
short­
term,
IT
=
intermediate­
term,
LT
=
long­
term,
N/
A=
No
data
available
a
Absorbed
Daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
[
unit
exposure
(
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
x
absorption
factor
(
1.0
for
inhalation)
x
application
rate
x
quantity
treated
/
Body
weight
(
60
kg
for
inhalation).
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Absorbed
Daily
Dose
[
Where
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day
for
all
inhalation
exposure
durations].
Target
MOE
=
100.
c
The
MOEs
refer
to
short­
term
and
intermediate­
term
duration
unless
indicated
otherwise.

6.2
Occupational
Post­
application
Exposures
Page
49
of
107
Except
for
the
post­
application
scenarios
assessed
for
hand
washes
in
Section
6.2.1,
fogging
in
Section
6.2.2,
and
wood
preservatives
in
Section
6.3,
occupational
post­
application
dermal
and
inhalation
exposures
are
assumed
to
be
negligible.

6.2.1
Hand
Sanitizing
ADBAC­
containing
products
can
be
used
as
a
hand
sanitizer
in
occupational
settings.
In
this
scenario,
a
worker
washes
and
rinses
their
hands
and
then
applies
the
ADBACcontaining
solution
(
water­
based)
to
the
hands.
The
hands
are
not
rinsed
after
contact
with
the
solution.

Dermal
Exposures
Exposure
Calculations
A
short­
term
exposure
estimate
was
derived
using
the
following
equation:

E
=
%
ai
x
FT
x
CF1
(
Eq.
11)

Where:

E
=
Dermal
Skin
Irritation
Exposure
(
µ
g/
cm2);
%
ai
=
Fraction
of
active
ingredient
in
treated
solution
(
unitless);
FT
=
Film
thickness
of
bath
oil
on
hands
(
mg/
cm2);
and
CF1
=
Conversion
factor
(
1,000
µ
g/
mg).

Assumptions
 
The
percent
active
ingredient
in
solution
was
selected
from
the
label
507­
3,
which
states
that
a
0.0017
lb
ai/
gal
solution
should
be
used
(
0.0201%
ai
solution).
 
The
film
thickness
for
a
hand
sanitizing
solution
could
not
be
located.
Therefore,
the
film
thickness
used
in
this
assessment
is
5.94
mg/
cm2,
which
is
from
the
document
titled,
"
Method
for
Estimating
Retention
of
Liquids
on
Hands."
(
Bryan,
1988).
The
film
thickness
is
from
a
scenario
in
which
both
hands
are
immersed
in
bath
oil
and
remain
wet.
The
film
thickness
for
bath
oil
was
chosen
over
the
other
available
film
thicknesses
for
mineral
oil
(
10.3
mg/
cm2)
and
cooking
oil
(
6.02
mg/
cm2)
because
bath
oil
is
the
most
water
soluble
and
the
least
viscous
(
i.
e.
most
similar
to
the
hand
sanitizing
solution).
Additionally,
the
full
hand
immersion
scenario,
without
wiping,
was
chosen
because
the
dermal
endpoint
for
short­
term
durations
is
based
on
dermal
irritation
effects.

Results
Table
6.3
shows
the
calculation
of
the
dermal
risk
for
hand
sanitization.
The
dermal
MOE
is
above
the
target
MOE
of
100.

Table
6.3.
Short­
Term
Dermal
Risks
Associated
With
Hand
Sanitizing
%
ai
in
Film
thickness
Surface
Residue
on
Hands
a
Page
50
of
107
Exposure
Scenario
solution
(
mg/
cm2)
(
µ
g/
cm2)
Dermal
MOE
b
(
Target
MOE
=
100)
b
Hand
Sanitizer
0.0201%
5.94
1.19
280
a
Surface
Residue
on
Hands
(
µ
g/
cm2)
=
%
ai
in
solution
x
film
thickness
on
hands
(
mg/
cm2)
x
conversion
factor
(
1,000
µ
g/
mg).
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
µ
g/
cm2)
/
Surface
residue
on
hands
(
µ
g/
cm2)
[
Where:
short­
term
dermal
NOAEL
=
333
µ
g/
cm2,
Table
3.2].
Target
MOE
=
100.

6.2.2
Fogging
(
Food
Processing
Plant
and
Hatchery)

Post­
application
inhalation
exposures
only
were
assessed
for
entry
into
a
building
(
hatchery
and
food
processing
plant)
after
a
fogging
application,
because
dermal
post
application
is
presumed
to
be
negligible.
The
inhalation
exposure
assessment
was
conducted
using
the
Multi­
Chamber
Concentration
and
Exposure
Model
(
MCCEM
v1.2).
MCCEM
estimates
average
and
peak
indoor
air
concentrations
of
chemicals
released
from
products
or
materials
in
houses,
apartments,
townhouses,
or
other
residences.
Although
the
data
libraries
contained
in
MCCEM
are
limited
to
residential
settings,
the
model
can
be
used
to
assess
other
indoor
environments.
MCCEM
has
the
capability
to
estimate
inhalation
exposures
to
chemicals,
calculated
as
single
day
doses,
chronic
average
daily
doses,
or
lifetime
average
daily
doses.
(
All
dose
estimates
are
potential
doses;
they
do
not
account
for
actual
absorption
into
the
body.)

The
product,
EPA
Reg
#
10324­
118
(
21.7%
ai)
with
a
maximum
application
rate
of
0.011
lb
ai/
gal,
was
assessed
for
fogging
use
in
a
food
processing
plant.
The
label
states
to
fog
one
quart
of
the
diluted
product
per
1,000
cubic
feet.
All
labels
which
can
be
used
for
fogging
in
food
processing
areas
indicate
that
all
personnel
must
vacate
the
room
during
fogging
and
for
a
minimum
of
2
hours
after
fogging.
Therefore,
exposure
was
calculated
for
a
person
entering
the
food
processing
plant
2
hours
after
all
the
applied
fogger
has
been
deployed.

The
product,
EPA
Reg
#
10324­
118
(
21.7%
ai)
with
a
maximum
application
rate
of
0.27
lb
ai/
gal,
was
assessed
for
fogging
use
in
hatcheries
and
incubators.
After
fogging,
the
label
states
that
the
building
should
be
well
ventilated,
but
does
not
indicate
that
personnel
should
vacate
the
room.
The
only
label
with
agricultural
fogging
uses
which
indicates
that
personnel
should
vacate
the
room
after
fogging
is
EPA
Reg#
10324­
111
(
maximum
application
rate
of
0.192
lb
ai/
gal).
This
label
states
to
"
well"
ventilate
the
room
after
fogging
and
not
to
enter
until
2
hours
after
fogging.
Therefore,
exposure
was
calculated
for
a
person
entering
the
building
immediately
after
all
the
applied
fogger
has
been
deployed
and
2
hours
after
all
the
applied
fogger
has
been
deployed
Assumptions
used
to
calculate
inputs
for
MCCEM
and
the
calculated
exposure
values
are
presented
in
Table
6.4
for
food
processing
plants
and
in
Table
6.5
for
hatcheries.
The
following
assumptions
were
made:

 
The
area
being
fogged
is
a
one­
chamber
barn
with
dimensions
of
300
ft
x
50
ft
x10
ft
(
AD
standard
assumption).
 
For
the
food
processing
plant,
the
air
exchange
rate
is
0.18
per
hour
(
MCCEM
default
based
on
a
residential
home).
For
a
hatchery,
the
air
exchange
rate
is
4
per
hour
based
on
the
rate
for
a
poultry
barn
(
Jacobson,
2005).
Page
51
of
107
 
Fogging
occurs
instantaneously,
so
that
the
entire
mass
of
product
is
mixed
homogeneously
with
the
indoor
air
as
soon
as
fogging
commences.
 
It
is
assumed
that
all
of
the
aerosols
are
inhalable
and/
or
respirable.

Table
6.4.
Short
and
Intermediate
Term
Inhalation
Risks
Associated
with
Post­
application
Exposure
to
ADBAC
After
Fogging
a
Food
Processing
Plant
Parametera
Value
Rationale
Dimensions
300x50x10
ft,
15,000
ft2
floor
area,
150,000
ft3
(
4,248
m3)
volume
EPA
Assumption
Air
Changes
per
Hour
(
ACH)*
0.18/
hr
EPA
Assumption
Activity
Pattern*
8
hour
Time
Weight
Average
(
TWA)
starting
at
expiration
of
2­
hr
REI
Based
on
product
=

s
re­
entry
interval
(
10324­
118)
Concentration
of
Fogging
Liquid
0.011
lb
ai/
gal
Product
Label
(
See
Table
6.1)
Use
rate
1
quart/
1,000
ft3
Product
label
Amount
applied
to
room
0.0441
g
ai/
m3
(
Use
rate)
x
(
Concentration)
Concentration
in
room
after
fogging
(
initial
concentration
rate
at
time
0)*
44
mg/
m3
Mass
/
Volume
Body
Weight
60
kg
EPA
Assumption
Inhalation
Rate
1.0
m3/
hr
NAFTA
Light
Activity
for
Adults
(
USEPA,
1997)
MCCEM
Output
Average
Concentration
over
8­
hrs
(
mg/
m3)
2­
hr
re­
entry:
16.65
Average
of
MCCEM­
calculated
air
concentrations
from
Hour
2
to
Hour
10
for
2­
hr
REI
8­
hr
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
2­
hr
re­
entry:
2.22
Average
Conc.
*
8
hrs
*
Inhal.
Rate
/
BW
8­
hr
short­
term
MOE
2­
hr
re­
entry:
1
NOAEL
(
3
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Dose
*
Used
as
MCCEM
input.
Default
values
from
MCCEM
were
used
for
all
inputs
not
listed
in
the
table
above
Table
6.5.
Short
and
Intermediate
Term
Inhalation
Risks
Associated
with
Post­
application
Exposure
to
ADBAC
After
Fogging
a
Hatchery
Parameter
Value
Rationale
Barn
Dimensions*
300x50x10
ft,
15,000
ft2
floor
area,
150,000
ft3
(
4,248
m3)
volume
EPA
Assumption
Air
Changes
per
Hour
(
ACH)*
4/
hr
Jacobson,
2005
Activity
Pattern*
8
hour
Time
Weight
Average
(
TWA)
starting
at
expiration
of
0­
hr
re­
entry
interval
and
2­
hr
re­
entry
interval
Based
on
product
=

s
re­
entry
interval
(
EPA
Registration
No.
10324­
118
and
10324­
111).
Concentration
of
Fogging
Liquid
21.7%
a.
i.
Product
Label
(
See
Table
6.1)

Use
rate
0.42
gal/
4,000
ft3
Product
label
states
to
fog
1
min/
4,000
ft3.
Output
of
0.42
gal/
min
from
http://
bugsource.
com/
mistermax.
html
Mass
applied
to
barn
0.394
g
ai/
m3
(
Use
rate)
x
(
Concentration)
Concentration
in
barn
after
fogging
(
initial
concentration
rate
at
time
0)*
381
mg/
m3
Mass
/
Volume
Body
Weight
60
kg
EPA
Assumption
Inhalation
Rate
1.0
m3/
hr
NAFTA
Light
Activity
for
Adults
(
USEPA,
1997)
Page
52
of
107
Table
6.5.
Short
and
Intermediate
Term
Inhalation
Risks
Associated
with
Post­
application
Exposure
to
ADBAC
After
Fogging
a
Hatchery
Parameter
Value
Rationale
MCCEM
Output
Average
Concentration
over
8­
hrs
(
mg/
m3)
0­
hr
Re­
entry:
44.6
2­
hr
Re­
entry:
0.01496
Average
of
MCCEM­
calculated
air
concentrations
from
Hour
0
to
Hour
8
for
0­
hr
re­
entry
and
Hour
2
to
Hour
10
for
2­
hr
re­
entry
8­
hr
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0­
hr
Re­
entry:
5.95
2­
hr
Re­
entry:
0.001995
Average
Conc.
*
8
hrs
*
Inhal.
Rate
/
BW
8­
hr
short­
term
MOE
0­
hr
Re­
entry:
0.50
2­
hr
Re­
entry:
1,500
NOAEL
(
3
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Dose
A
detailed
report
is
presented
in
Appendix
D,
including
hourly
air
concentrations.
Based
on
MCCEM
output,
8­
hr
MOE
values
were
calculated.
The
MOE
for
fogging
in
the
food
processing
plant
(
2­
hr
re­
entry
interval)
was
below
the
target
MOE
of
100.
For
fogging
in
hatcheries,
the
8­
hr
MOE
was
below
the
target
MOE
of
100
immediately
after
fogging
and
was
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
2
hours
after
fogging.
The
risks
of
concern
for
the
food
processing
plant
are
attributed
to
the
low
air
changes
per
hour
assumed
(
i.
e.,
0.18
ACH)
in
the
assessment.
For
the
poultry
barn,
ventilation
rate
was
obtained
from
Jacobson
(
2005).
The
assessment
for
food
processing
plants
could
be
refined
if
a
more
accurate
ventilation
rate
could
be
obtained.

6.3
Wood
Preservation
ADBAC
is
used
in
products
that
are
intended
to
preserve
wood
through
both
nonpressure
treatment
methods
and
pressure
treatment
methods.
It
is
also
intended
for
use
on
existing
homes
(
wood
shingles
or
shake
roofs
and
siding)
by
spray
or
brush.

The
exposure
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document
for
the
representative
wood
preservation
uses
selected
by
AD
are
shown
in
Table
6.1.
Section
6.3.1
presents
the
exposure
analysis
for
the
handler
and
post­
application
scenarios
for
non­
pressure
treatment
scenarios
and
Section
6.3.2
presents
the
exposure
analysis
for
the
handler
and
post­
application
scenarios
for
pressure
treatment
scenarios.

Dermal
irritation
exposures
from
post­
application
activities
in
the
wood
preservation
treatment
facility
will
be
mitigated
using
default
personal
protective
equipment
requirements
based
on
the
toxicity
of
the
end­
use
product.
Therefore,
only
inhalation
exposures
and
risks
are
presented.

6.3.1
Non­
Pressure
Treatment
Scenarios
(
Handler
and
Post­
application)

6.3.1.1
Scenarios
Assessed
by
Worker
Function
Page
53
of
107
The
proprietary
study,
"
Measurement
and
Assessment
of
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
to
Didecyl
Dimethyl
Ammonium
Chloride
(
DDAC)
Used
in
the
Protection
of
Cut
Lumber
(
Phase
III)"
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999,
MRID
455243­
04)
identified
various
worker
functions/
positions
for
individuals
that
handle
DDAC­
containing
wood
preservatives
for
nonpressure
treatment
application
methods
and
for
individuals
that
could
then
come
into
contact
with
the
preserved
wood.
The
worker
functions/
positions
identified
in
the
DDAC
study
are
presented
below.
It
was
assumed
that
similar
tasks
are
performed
when
handling
ADBAC
products
and
ADBAC
treated­
wood,
therefore,
these
same
functions
were
assessed
for
ADBAC.

Handler:
 
Blender/
spray
operators
are
workers
that
add
the
wood
preservative
into
a
blender/
sprayer
system
for
composite
wood
via
closed­
liquid
pumping.
 
Diptank
Operators
can
be
in
reference
to
wood
being
lowered
into
the
treating
solution
through
an
automated
process
(
i.
e.,
elevator
diptank,
forklift
diptank).
This
scenario
can
also
occur
in
a
smaller
scale
treatment
facility
in
which
the
worker
can
manually
dip
the
wood
into
the
treatment
solution.
 
Chemical
operators
for
a
spray
box
system
consist
of
chemical
operators,
chemical
assistants,
chemical
supervisors,
and
chemical
captains.
These
individuals
maintain
a
chemical
supply
balance
along
with
flushing
and
cleaning
spray
nozzles.

Post­
application:
 
Graders,
positioned
right
after
the
spray
box,
grade
dry
lumber
by
hand
(
i.
e.
detect
faults).
In
the
DDAC
study,
graders
graded
wet
lumber;
therefore,
the
exposures
to
graders
using
ADBAC
are
worst­
case
scenarios.
 
Millwrights
repair
all
conveyer
chains
and
general
up­
keep
of
the
mill.
 
Clean­
up
crews
perform
general
cleaning
duties
at
the
mill.
 
Trim
saw
operators
operate
the
hula
trim
saw
and
consist
of
operators
and
strappers.
In
the
DDAC
study,
hula
trim
saw
operators
handled
dry
lumber.
 
Construction
workers
install
treated
plywood,
oriented
strand
board,
medium
density
fiberboard,
and
others.

As
very
little
chemical
specific
data
were
available
regarding
typical
exposures
to
ADBAC
as
a
wood
preservative,
surrogate
data
were
used
to
estimate
exposure
risks.
The
blender/
spray
operator
position
was
assessed
using
CMA
unit
exposure
data
and
the
remaining
handler
and
post­
application
positions
were
assessed
using
data
from
the
DDAC
study
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999).
This
study
is
proprietary;
therefore,
data
compensation
needs
to
be
addressed
for
use
of
these
data
in
this
exposure
assessment.

Blender/
Spray
Operators
The
inhalation
exposures
and
risks
to
the
composite
wood
blender/
spray
operators
were
assessed
using
Equations
1
through
3
in
Section
1.2.
The
surrogate
unit
exposures
were
taken
from
the
CMA
study
(
USEPA,
1999).
Specifically,
the
liquid
pump
preservative
unit
exposures
for
gloved
workers
were
used
in
this
assessment.
The
unit
exposure
is
0.000403
mg/
lb
ai.
This
value
is
based
on
two
replicates.
The
quantity
of
the
wood
being
treated
was
derived
from
other
wood
preservative
estimates
(
USEPA,
2004)
for
the
amount
of
wood
slurry
treated
because
no
chemical
specific
data
were
available
for
ADBAC.
It
was
assumed
Page
54
of
107
that
batches
of
wood
slurry
are
treated
in
10,000
gallon
tanks,
and
that
eight
batches
of
wood
slurry
are
treated
per
day
(
one
per
hour
for
an
8­
hr
work
shift).
Additionally,
it
was
assumed
that
each
batch
requires
3,000
gallons
of
preservatives
and
the
remainder
volume
of
the
tank
consists
of
wood
slurry
(
7,000
gallons
of
wood
slurry
per
batch).
Since
wood
chips
have
a
density
of
approximately
380
kg/
m3
(
SIMetric,
2005),
the
total
amount
of
wood
slurry
treated
per
day
would
be
178,000
lbs
(
8
batches/
day
x
7,000
gallons/
batch
x
0.003785
m3/
gallon
x
380
kg/
m3
x
2.2
lb/
kg).
The
assumptions
used
for
batch
sizes
and
the
quantity
of
preservative
needed
are
consistent
with
an
assessment
performed
previously
by
the
EPA
(
USEPA,
2003).
The
ADBAC
assessment
was
conducted
using
an
application
rate
of
3%
ai
solution.

Table
6.6
provides
the
inhalation
doses
and
MOEs
for
the
workers
adding
the
preservative
to
the
wood
slurry.
The
inhalation
MOE
is
below
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
short­,
intermediate­,
and
long­
term
inhalation
exposures
(
MOE
=
84).

Table
6.6.
Short­,
Intermediate­,
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Blender/
Spray
Operator
Exposure
Scenario
Inhalation
Unit
Exposurea
(
mg/
lb
ai)
Application
Rate
(%
ai
in
solution/

day)
Wood
Slurry
Treatedb
(
lb/
day)
Daily
Dosec
(
mg/
kg/
day)
ST/
IT/
LT
MOEd
(
Target
MOE
=
100)
Occupational
Handler
Blender/
spray
operator
0.000403
3
178,000
0.036
84
ST
=
Short­
term
duration;
IT
=
Intermediate­
term
duration;
and
LT
=
long­
term.
a.
Inhalation
unit
exposure:
Baseline.
b.
Wood
slurry
treated
=
(
8
batches/
day
x
7,000
gallons/
batch
x
0.003785
m3/
gallon
x
380
kg/
m3
x
2.2
lb/
kg)
c.
Daily
Dose
=
unit
exposure
(
mg/
lb
ai)
x
App
Rate
(%
ai/
day)
x
Quantity
treated
(
lb/
day)
x
absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation)
/
BW
(
60
kg)
d.
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)/
Daily
dose
[
Where
ST/
IT/
LT
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day
for
inhalation.
Target
MOE
=
100.

Chemical
Operators,
Graders,
Millwrights,
Clean­
up
Crews,
and
Trim
Saw
Operators
The
inhalation
exposures
to
chemical
operators,
graders,
millwrights,
trim
saw
operators,
and
clean­
up
crews
were
assessed
using
surrogate
data
from
the
DDAC
study
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999).
The
DDAC
study
examined
individuals
=

exposure
to
DDAC
while
working
with
antisapstains
and
performing
routine
tasks
at
11
sawmills/
planar
mills
in
Canada.
Dermal
and
inhalation
exposure
monitoring
data
were
gathered
for
each
job
function
of
interest
using
dosimeters
and
personal
sampling
tubes.
Dosimeters
and
personal
air
sampling
tubes
were
analyzed
for
DDAC.
Exposure
data
for
individuals
performing
the
same
job
functions
were
averaged
together
to
determine
job
specific
averages.
Monitoring
was
conducted
using
2
trim
saw
workers,
13
grader
workers,
11
chemical
operators,
3
millwrights,
and
6
clean­
up
staff.

The
individual
inhalation
exposures
from
the
DDAC
study
are
presented
in
Table
E­
1
in
Appendix
E.
To
determine
ADBAC
exposures,
the
average
DDAC
exposures
measured
on
individuals
(
in
terms
of
total
mg
DDAC)
were
multiplied
by
a
modification
factor
of
0.625
to
account
for
the
difference
in
percent
active
ingredient
between
ADBAC
and
DDAC
(
50%
ADBAC
in
the
wood
preservative
product
versus
80%
DDAC
in
the
comparative
wood
preservative
product).
The
lb
ai
handled
by
each
person
or
the
%
ai
in
the
treatment
solution
were
not
provided
for
these
worker
functions.
Page
55
of
107
The
following
equation
was
used
to
calculate
daily
dose
for
ADBAC:

Daily
Dose
=
DDAC
UE
x
CR
x
AB
(
Eq.
12)
BW
Where:

DDAC
UE
=
DDAC
surrogate
dermal
or
inhalation
unit
exposure
(
mg/
day);
CR
=
Conversion
ratio
(
50%
ADBAC
/
80%
DDAC);
AB
=
Absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation);
and
BW
=
Body
weight
(
60
kg).

In
using
this
methodology,
the
following
assumptions
were
made:

 
DDAC
and
ADBAC
end­
use
products
will
be
used
in
similar
quantities.

 
The
procedures
for
applying
both
chemicals
are
similar.

 
The
limits
of
detections
(
LOD)
for
inhalation
residues
from
chemical
operators,
graders,
mill
wrights,
and
clean­
up
staff
replicates
were
not
provided
in
the
DDAC
report.
For
lack
of
better
data,
it
was
assumed
that
the
inhalation
LODs
for
these
worker
positions
are
equal
to
the
LOD
of
the
diptank
operator
replicates
(
5.6
µ
g).
For
all
measurements
below
the
air
concentration
associated
with
this
detection
limit,
half
the
detection
limit
was
used.

 
Air
concentrations
were
reported
in
the
DDAC
study.
To
convert
air
concentrations
(
µ
g/
m3)
into
terms
of
inhalation
unit
exposure
(
mg/
day),
the
air
concentrations
were
multiplied
by
an
inhalation
rate
of
1.0
m3/
hr
for
light
activity
(
USEPA,
1997),
a
sample
duration
of
8
hrs/
day,
and
a
conversion
factor
of
1
mg/
1000
µ
g.
Table
D­
1
in
Appendix
D
presents
the
inhalation
and
dermal
DDAC
exposures.

 
Average
DDAC
dermal
and
inhalation
exposures
were
multiplied
by
a
conversion
ratio
of
0.625
to
account
for
the
differences
in
ADBAC
and
DDAC
concentrations
[(
50%
ADBAC
/
80%
DDAC)].

Table
6.7
provides
the
short­,
intermediate­,
and
long­
term
inhalation
doses
and
MOEs
for
chemical
operators,
graders,
millwrights,
clean­
up
crews,
and
trim
saw
operators.
The
inhalation
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
worker
functions.
Any
dermal
irritation
exposures
from
post­
application
activities
will
be
mitigated
using
default
personal
protective
equipment
requirements
based
on
the
toxicity
of
the
end­
use
product.

It
should
be
noted
that
although
the
target
inhalation
MOE
is
100,
the
MOE
for
the
clean­
crew
workers
is
below
1,000;
therefore,
the
Agency
may
request
a
confirmatory
inhalation
toxicity
study.

 
Wood
Preservation
(
non­
pressure
treatment),
clean­
up
crew:
ST/
IT/
LT
Inhalation
MOE
=
480
Page
56
of
107
Table
6.7.
Short­,
Intermediate,
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Wood
Preservative
Chemical
Operators,
Graders,
Trim
Saw
Operators,
and
Clean­
Up
Crews
(
Handler
and
Post­
application
Activities)

Exposure
Scenarioa
(
number
of
volunteers)
Inhalation
UEb
(
mg/
day)
Conversion
Ratioc
Daily
Dosed
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOEe
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

Occupational
Handlers
Chemical
Operator
(
n=
11)
0.0281
0.625
0.000292
10,000
Occupational
Post­
Application
Grader
(
n=
13)
0.0295
0.625
0.000307
9,800
Trim
Saw
(
n=
2)
0.061
0.625
0.00063
4,800
Millwright
(
n=
3)
0.057
0.625
0.00059
5,100
Clean­
Up
(
n=
6)
0.60
0.625
0.0063
480
ST
=
Short­
term
duration,
IT
=
Intermediate­
term
duration,
LT
=
Long­
term
duration
a.
The
exposure
scenario
represents
a
worker
wearing
short­
sleeved
shirts,
cotton
work
trousers,
and
cotton
glove
dosimeter
gloves
under
chemical
resistant
gloves.
Volunteers
were
grouped
according
to
tasks
they
conducted
at
the
mill.
b.
Inhalation
unit
exposures
are
from
Bestari
et.
al.
(
1999).
Refer
to
Table
E­
1
in
Appendix
E
for
the
calculation
of
the
dermal
and
inhalation
exposures.
Inhalation
exposure
(
mg/
day)
was
calculated
using
the
following
equation:
Air
concentration
(
µ
g/
m3)
x
Inhalation
rate
(
1.0
m3/
hr)
x
Sample
duration
(
8
hr/
day)
x
Unit
conversion
(
1
mg/
1000
µ
g).
The
inhalation
rate
is
from
USEPA,
1997.
c.
Conversion
Ratio
=
50%
ADBAC
/
80%
DDAC
d.
Daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
exposure
(
mg/
day)
x
conversion
ratio
(
0.625)
x
absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation)/
body
weight
(
60
kg).
e.
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)/
Daily
dose
[
Where
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day].
Target
MOE
=
100.

Diptank
Operators
Exposures
to
diptank
operators
were
also
assessed
using
surrogate
data
from
the
DDAC
study
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999).
The
diptank
scenario
assessment
was
conducted
differently
than
for
the
other
job
functions
because
the
concentration
of
DDAC
in
the
diptank
solution
was
provided.
The
exposure
data
for
diptank
operators
were
converted
into
A
unit
exposures
@

in
terms
of
mg
a.
i.
for
each
1%
of
concentration
of
the
product.
The
calculation
of
the
inhalation
unit
exposure
(
0.046
mg/
1%
solution)
is
presented
in
Table
E­
2
in
Appendix
E.
The
air
concentrations
presented
in
the
DDAC
study
were
converted
to
unit
exposures
using
an
inhalation
rate
of
1.0
m3/
hr
(
light
activity)
(
USEPA,
1997)
and
a
sample
duration
of
8
hrs/
day.

The
following
equations
are
used
to
estimate
inhalation
handler
exposure:

Daily
Dose
=
DDAC
UE
x
AI
x
AB
(
Eq.
13)
BW
Where:

DDAC
UE
=
DDAC
inhalation
unit
exposure
(
mg/
1%
in
solution);
AI
=
Percent
active
ingredient
(
3%
ai
in
solution/
day);
AB
=
Absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation);
and
BW
=
Body
weight
(
60
kg).
Page
57
of
107
Table
6.8
provides
the
short­,
intermediate­
and
long­
term
inhalation
dose
and
MOEs
for
diptank
operators.
The
inhalation
MOE
is
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
and,
therefore,
is
not
of
concern.

Table
6.8.
Short­,
Intermediate­,
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Diptank
Operator
(
Handler
Activity)

Exposure
Scenarioa
(
number
of
replicates)
Inhalation
Unit
Exposureb
(
mg
DDAC/
1%
solution)
App
Rate
(%
a.
i.
in
solution/
day)
Daily
Dosec
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOEd
Occupational
Handler
Dipping,
with
gloves
(
n=
7)
0.046
3
0.0023
1,300
a
The
exposure
scenario
represents
a
worker
not
wearing
a
respirator.
b
Inhalation
unit
exposures
are
from
DDAC
study
(
MRID
455243­
04).
Refer
to
Table
E­
2
in
Appendix
E
for
the
inhalation
unit
exposure
calculations.
Inhalation
exposure
(
mg)
was
calculated
using
the
following
equation:
Air
concentration
(
mg/
m3)
x
Inhalation
rate
(
1.0
m3/
hr)
x
Sample
Duration
(
8
hr).
The
inhalation
rate
is
from
USEPA,
1997.
c
Daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
unit
exposure
(
mg/
1%
ai
solution)
x
percent
active
ingredient
in
solution
(
3%
ai)
x
absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation)
/
body
weight
(
60
kg).
d
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Daily
dose
[
Where
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day.
Target
MOE
=
100.

Construction
workers
Potential
risks
resulting
from
construction
worker
dermal
contact
with
ADBACtreated
wood
are
assessed
in
the
same
manner
as
potential
risks
resulting
from
children's
dermal
contact
with
ADBAC­
treated
play
sets
and
decks
(
Section
4.2.2.3).
The
risks
were
calculated
using
average
and
maximum
worker
residue
data
for
hands
available
in
the
DDAC
study.
Hand
residue
data
from
the
end
stacker,
stickman,
and
tallyman
workers
were
used
because
of
the
possibility
of
the
contact
with
dry
treated
wood.
The
maximum
and
average
values
of
these
data
(
3.0
and
1.4
:
g/
cm2)
were
assumed
to
be
the
dermal
exposure.
As
shown
in
Table
4.8,
the
dermal
MOEs
for
the
maximum
and
average
hand
residues
are
110
and
240,
respectively,
which
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100.

6.3.1.2
Scenarios
Assessed
for
Exposure
from
Applications
to
Existing
Homes
(
Handler)

Applications
to
wood
roofs,
shingles,
and
siding
of
existing
homes
can
be
made
by
brush
and
spray
methods.
The
airless
spray
method
was
assessed
because
it
represents
highend
exposure.
Handler
exposures
were
assessed
using
Equations
1
through
3
in
Section
1.2.
The
inhalation
unit
exposure
value
was
taken
from
PHED
(
0.83
mg/
lb
a.
i.)
and
the
amount
of
treatment
solution
used
was
assumed
to
be
50
gallons
(
EPA/
AD
assumption
for
painting).

The
calculated
inhalation
MOE
is
shown
in
Table
6.9
for
all
durations
of
exposure.
The
MOE
is
below
the
target
MOE
of
100
(
MOE
=
17).

Table
6.9.
Short­,
Intermediate,
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Spray
and
Brush
Preservative
Treatment
to
Exterior
of
Existing
Homes
Page
58
of
107
Exposure
Site
Application
Equipment
App.
Rate
(
lb
ai/
dilute
gallon)
Quantity
Handled/
Treated
per
day
(
gallons)
Baseline
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
lb
ai)
Daily
Dosesa
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOEb
(
Target
MOE
=
100)

Exterior
of
Existing
Homes
Airless
Spray
0.25
50
0.83
10
17
a
Daily
dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
unit
exposure
(
mg/
lb
ai)
x
quantity
handled
(
gallons)
x
absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation)
/
body
weight
(
60
kg).
b
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Daily
dose
[
Where
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day
for
all
durations].
Target
MOE
=
100.

6.3.2
Pressure
Treatment
Scenarios
(
Handler
and
Post­
Application)

ADBAC
may
be
used
to
treat
wood
and
wood
products
using
pressurized
application
methods
such
as
double
vacuum.
According
to
the
product
labels,
the
maximum
retention
rate
is
0.6
lb/
ft3.
An
application
rate
was
not
provided
on
the
product
labels;
therefore,
an
application
rate
of
3%
ai
solution
was
used
in
this
assessment,
based
on
the
master
label.
ADBAC­
specific
exposure
data
are
not
available
for
assessment
of
pressure
treatment
exposure.
Therefore,
the
assessment
relies
on
surrogate
chromated
copper
arsenate
(
CCA)
data
(
ACC,
2002b)
and
was
based
on
the
approach
used
in
a
previous
exposure
assessment
(
USEPA,
2003).

Surrogate
Unit
Exposure
Data
Dermal
and
inhalation
exposures
for
pressure
treatment
uses
are
derived
from
information
in
the
exposure
study
by
the
American
Chemistry
Council
(
2002)
entitled
"
Assessment
of
Potential
Inhalation
and
Dermal
Exposure
Associated
with
Pressure
Treatment
of
Wood
with
Arsenical
Wood
Products"
(
ACC,
2002b).
In
this
study,
a
treatment
solution
of
CCA
was
approximately
0.5
percent.
The
CCA
study
is
the
best
pressure
treatment
data
available
for
a
water
based
solution
to
estimate
exposure
to
ADBAC.

The
CCA
study
measured
both
handlers
and
post­
application
activities.
Although
there
is
overlap
in
job
functions,
the
handlers
are
defined
as
being
either
treating
operators
(
TOs)
or
treating
assistants
(
TAs).
The
TOs
were
monitored
at
three
sites
(
A,
B,
and
C)
using
5
replicates
at
each
site.
The
TAs
were
monitored
at
two
sites
(
Sites
A
and
C)
using
5
replicates
at
each
site.
The
post­
application
activities
included:
tram
setter
(
TS)
at
Site
A
(
n=
5);
stacker
operator
(
SO)
at
Site
A
(
n=
4);
loader
operator
(
LO)
at
Sites
A,
B,
C
(
n=
15);
supervisor
(
S)
at
Site
B
(
n=
5);
test
borer
(
TB)
at
Site
C
(
n=
5);
and
the
tallyman
(
TM)
at
Site
C
(
n=
5).
According
to
the
CCA
study,
workers
wore
cotton
long­
sleeved
shirts
and
cotton
trousers
(
or
one­
piece
cotton
coveralls)
over
the
whole­
body
dosimeters
("
plus
additional
shirts
or
jackets
per
typical
practice
at
Site
B")
and
chemical­
resistant
or
work
gloves,
when
appropriate.
Therefore,
the
CCA
study
provides
exposure
data
associated
with
maximum
PPE
(
excluding
respirators).
In
using
the
CCA
study
for
this
ADBAC
assessment,
the
TO
and
TA
handlers
are
assessed
separately.
The
post­
application
job
functions,
however,
have
been
combined
into
one
data
set
to
represent
post­
application
activities
because
for
most
activities
the
sample
size
is
small
(
5
 
n
 
15).
Page
59
of
107
The
measured
CCA
inhalation
exposure
values
were
normalized
by
the
treatment
solution
concentration
used
at
each
of
the
3
facilities
(
i.
e.,
unit
exposure
reported
as
µ
g
arsenic/
ppm
treatment
solution).
The
normalization
by
treatment
solution
concentration
was
performed
to
extrapolate
the
measured
exposures
in
the
CCA
study
(
monitored
at
~
0.5%
ai
solution)
to
the
maximum
ADBAC
treatment
solution
concentration
(
1%
ai
solution).
Table
6.10
presents
the
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
normalized
to
the
treatment
solution
concentration
in
ppm
for
(
1)
all
sites,
(
2)
treatment
operator
(
TA
handler),
(
3)
treatment
assistant
(
TA
handler),
and
(
4)
all
post­
application
job
functions
(
TS,
SO,
LO,
S,
TB,
TM).

Exposure
Calculations
The
following
equation
was
used
to
estimate
inhalation
handler
exposure:

Daily
Dose
=
UE
x
AI
x
AB
(
Eq.
14)
BW
Where:

UE
=
Unit
exposure
(
mg
As/
ppm);
AI
=
Percent
active
ingredient
(
3%
ai
in
solution);
AB
=
Absorption
factor
(
100%
inhalation);
and
BW
=
Body
weight
(
60
kg).

Results
The
estimated
inhalation
exposures
and
risks
for
ADBAC
are
presented
in
Table
6.11.
The
calculated
inhalation
MOEs
are
above
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
all
scenarios.

Table
6.10.
Inhalation
Exposure
Values
from
a
CCA
Pressure
Treatment
Study
(
Exposure
Data
used
as
Surrogate
Unit
Exposures
for
ADBAC
Assessment)

Treatment
Solution
Site
%
ppma
Statistic
Air
Concentrationb
(
µ
g
As/
m3/
ppm)
Inhalation
Unit
Exposurec
(
µ
g
As/
ppm)

Average
±
std
0.00013
±
0.00023
0.00104
Median
0.00013
0.00104
90th
percentile
0.00077
0.00617
All
sites
­
All
Data
(
n
=
64)
0.438
to
0.595
4,380
to
5,950
Maximum
0.0011
0.00882
Average
±
std
0.00032
±
0.00038
0.00257
Median
0.00013
0.00104
90th
percentile
0.00092
0.00737
All
sites
­
Handler
Treatment
Operator
(
n
=
15)
0.438
to
0.595
4,380
to
5,950
Maximum
0.0011
0.00882
Average
±
std
0.0001
±
0.00004
0.000802
Median
0.00013
0.00104
90th
percentile
0.00013
0.00104
All
sites
­
Handler
Treatment
Assistant
(
n
=
10)
0.438
to
0.595
4,380
to
5,950
Maximum
0.00014
0.00112
Average
±
std
0.00020
±
0.00025
0.00160
Median
0.00013
0.00104
90th
percentile
0.00050
0.00401
All
sites
 
Postapplication
All
job
functions
(
TS,
SO,
LO,
S,
TB,
TM)
(
n
=
39)
­­
­­

Maximum
0.0011
0.00882
Page
60
of
107
a.
ppm
=
(%
treatment
solution)
*
(
10,000).
b.
Air
concentration
was
calculated
as
µ
g
collected
per
sample
per
ppm
/
(
480
min
per
day
x
2
L/
min).
c.
Inhalation
unit
exposure
=
air
concentration
(
µ
g
As/
m3/
ppm)
x
breathing
rate
for
light
activities
(
0.0167
m3/
min)
x
sample
duration
(
480
min).

Table
6.11.
Short­,
Intermediate­,
and
Long­
Term
Inhalation
Exposures
and
MOEs
for
Pressure
Treatment
Handler
and
Post­
application
Scenarios
Exposure
Scenario
Surrogate
Inhalation
Unit
Exposurea
(
µ
g
As/
ppm)
Application
Rate
(%
ai
solution)
Absorbed
Daily
Dosesb
(
mg/
kg/
day)
Inhalation
MOEsc
(
Target
MOE
=
100)
Occupational
Handler
Treatment
Operator
(
TO)
0.00257
3
0.0013
2,300
Treatment
Assistant
(
TA)
0.000802
3
0.00040
7,500
Occupational
Post­
application
All
(
Tram
setter,
stacker
operator,
loader
operator,
supervisor,
test
borer,
and
tallyman)
0.00160
3
0.00080
3,800
a.
Unit
exposure
values
taken
from
CCA
study
and
are
shown
in
Table
6.11.
b.
Absorbed
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
Unit
Exposure
(
µ
g
As/
ppm)
x
[%
ADBAC
in
solution
(
3)
x
10,000
(
parts
per
million
conversion)]
x
(
0.001
mg/
µ
g)
x
absorption
factor
(
100%
for
inhalation)
/
Body
weight
(
60
kg).
c.
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg/
day)
/
Daily
dose
[
Where
inhalation
NOAEL
=
3
mg/
kg/
day
for
all
durations.
Target
MOE
=
100.

6.4
Data
Limitations/
Uncertainties
There
are
several
data
limitations
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
occupational
handler
and
post
application
exposure
assessments.
These
include:

 
Surrogate
dermal
and
inhalation
unit
exposure
values
were
taken
from
the
proprietary
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
antimicrobial
exposure
study
(
USEPA,
1999:
DP
Barcode
D247642)
or
from
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
(
USEPA,
1998)
(
See
Appendix
B
for
summaries
of
these
data
sources).
Since
the
CMA
data
are
of
poor
quality,
the
Agency
requests
that
confirmatory
data
be
submitted
to
support
the
occupational
scenarios
assessed
in
this
document.
 
Unit
exposures
are
not
available
for
some
of
the
specific
scenarios
that
are
prescribed
for
ADBAC.
These
scenarios
include
the
following:
open
loading
into
oil­
well/
field
environments
and
metering
into
once­
through
cooling
water
systems
at
power
plants.
Page
61
of
107
o
The
CMA
data
used
for
oil­
well
uses
are
based
on
open
pouring
of
a
material
preservative.
Although
these
data
are
only
represented
by
2
replicates
each,
the
exposure
values
are
similar
to
open
loading
of
pesticides
in
PHED.
Furthermore,
there
are
no
representative
unit
exposure
data
for
chemical
metering
into
secondary
recovery
oil
operations.
Since
the
volume
of
water
being
treated
in
secondary
recovery
operations
is
so
large,
the
available
CMA
data
can
not
be
reliably
extrapolated
because
they
are
based
on
activities
that
handle
much
lower
volumes
and
possibly
different
techniques.
Therefore,
it
was
assumed
that
if
the
open
pour
handling
activities
for
the
other
oil
well
operations
resulted
in
MOEs
that
are
not
of
concern,
then
the
MOEs
for
the
closed
system
chemical
metering
into
secondary
recovery
operations
would
also
be
not
of
concern.
AD
requests
that
confirmatory
data
be
conducted
to
show
that
this
is
accurate.
o
The
CMA
data
used
for
once­
through
cooling
water
systems
at
power
plants
are
based
on
closed
metering
for
pulp
and
paper.
The
pulp
and
paper
unit
exposures
were
deemed
more
appropriate
than
the
cooling
water
tower
data
because
of
the
large
volume
of
water
treated
in
once­
through
cooling
water
systems
at
power
plants.
However,
the
CMA
data
for
pulp
and
paper
still
does
not
reliably
represent
the
large
volume
of
water
treated
in
a
once­
through
cooling
water
system
and
the
possibly
different
techniques
used
to
treat
the
water.
 
For
the
wood
preservative
pressure
treatment
scenarios,
CCA
exposure
data
were
used
for
lack
of
ADBAC­
specific
exposure
data
and
for
the
wood
preservative
non­
pressure
treatment
scenarios,
DDAC
exposure
data
were
used
for
the
lack
of
ADBAC­
specific
exposure
data.
Limitations
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
use
of
these
data
include:
o
The
assumption
was
made
that
exposure
patterns
for
workers
at
treatment
facilities
using
CCA
and
DDAC
would
be
similar
to
exposure
patterns
for
workers
at
treatment
facilities
using
ADBAC,
and
therefore
the
exposures
could
be
used
as
surrogate
data
for
workers
that
treat
wood
with
ADBAC.
o
For
environmental
modeling,
it
was
assumed
that
the
leaching
process
from
the
ADBAC
treated
wood
would
be
similar
to
that
of
CCA
and
DDAC.
However,
due
to
the
lack
of
real
data
for
ADBAC
­
treated
wood,
it
is
not
possible
to
verify
this
assumption.
 
The
quantities
handled/
treated
were
estimated
based
on
information
from
various
sources,
including
HED's
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessments
(
USEPA,
2000
and
2001),
and
personal
communication
with
experts.
In
particular,
the
use
information
for
the
pulp
and
paper
processing,
oil­
well
uses,
and
cooling
water
tower
uses
are
based
on
personal
communication
with
biocide
manufacturers
for
these
types
of
uses.
The
individuals
contacted
have
experience
in
these
operations
and
their
estimates
are
believed
to
be
the
best
available
without
undertaking
a
statistical
survey
of
the
uses.
In
certain
cases,
no
standard
values
were
available
for
some
scenarios.
Assumptions
for
these
scenarios
were
based
on
AD
estimates
and
could
be
further
refined
from
input
from
registrants.
For
example,
the
quantities
handled/
treated
for
the
application
of
ADBAC
to
the
surface
of
metal/
wood
cooling
towers
could
be
refined.
 
The
percent
active
ingredient
in
solution
for
the
pressure
treatment
of
lumber
needs
to
be
refined
by
the
Registrant.
The
labels
only
provided
a
retention
rate.
For
this
assessment,
Page
62
of
107
the
application
rate
on
the
master
label
was
used,
which
is
the
same
as
the
application
rate
for
non­
pressure
treatment
of
lumber.
 
The
type
of
spray
equipment
to
be
used
was
not
specifically
mentioned
on
the
labels
for
some
scenarios,
such
as
for
surface
sprays
to
metal
and
wood
cooling
water
towers.
Therefore,
these
scenarios
were
assessed
using
the
PHED
airless
spray
unit
exposures,
which
represents
high­
end
exposure.
In
these
cases,
the
appropriate
application
equipment
could
be
further
refined.
Page
63
of
107
7.0
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Version
1.9.27.
Developed
by
Dr.
Les
Sparks
of
USEPA/
NRMRL/
APPCD.

USEPA.
1996.
Office
of
Research
and
Development,
Descriptive
Statistics
Tables
from
a
Detailed
Analysis
of
the
National
Human
Activity
Pattern
(
NHAPS)
Data;
EPA/
600/
R­
96/
148,
July
1996.
Data
Collection
Period
October
1992
­
September
1994
.

USEPA.
1997.
Exposure
Factors
Handbook.
Volume
I­
II.
Office
of
Research
and
Development.
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA/
600/
P­
95/
002Fa.
August
1997.

USEPA.
1998.
PHED
Surrogate
Exposure
Guide.
Estimates
of
Worker
Exposure
from
the
Pesticide
Handler
Exposure
Database
Version
1.1.
Washington,
DC:
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

USEPA.
1999.
Evaluation
of
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
Antimicrobial
Exposure
Assessment
Study
(
Amended
on
8
December
1992).
Memorandum
from
Siroos
Mostaghimi,
PH.
D.,
USEPA
to
Julie
Fairfax,
USEPA.
Dated
November,
4
1999.
DP
Barcode
D247642.

USEPA.
2000.
Residential
SOPs.
EPA
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs,
Human
Health
Effects
Division.
Dated
April
5,
2000.

USEPA.
2001.
HED
Science
Advisory
Council
for
Exposure.
Policy
Update,
November
12.
Recommended
Revisions
to
the
Standard
Operating
Procedures
(
SOPs)
for
Residential
Exposure
Assessment,
February
22,
2001.

USEPA.
2003.
Assessment
of
the
Proposed
Bardac
Wood
Preservative
Pressure
Treatment
Use.
Memorandum
from
Tim
Leighton
and
Siroos
Mostaghimi.
February
11,
2003.

USEPA.
2004.
Occupational
and
Residential
Exposure
Assessment
for
Carboquat
WP­
50.
Memorandum
from
Siroos
Mostaghimi,
USEPA
to
Welma
Noble,
USEPA.
Dated
November
4,
2004.
DP
Barcodes
D303714
and
D303938.

USEPA.
2006.
Alkyl
dimethyl
benzyl
ammonium
chloride
(
ADBAC)
 
Report
of
the
Antimicrobials
Division
Toxicity
Endpoint
Committee
(
ADTC)
and
the
Hazard
Identification
Assessment
Review
Committee
(
HIARC).
January
9,
2006.
Page
65
of
107
APPENDIX
A:
Master
ADBAC
Label
Page
66
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
Industrial
processes
and
water
systems
10324­
21
Industrial
Recirc
Water
Systems
Cooling
Tower
Pour/
metered
As
needed
10324­
102
Industrial
Recirc
Water
Systems
Waste
water
treatment
Pour/
metered
As
needed
10324­
102
Industrial
Recirc
Water
Systems
Evaporative
condenser
Pour/
metered
As
needed
6836­
58
Industrial
Recirc
Water
Systems
Pulp/
Paper
Pour/
metered
As
needed
10324­
21
Once­
through
Cooling
As
needed
6836­
234
Food
Contact
Recirc
Water
Brewery
pasteurizers
Pour/
metered
As
needed
1706­
177
Pulp/
Paper
Pour/
metered
As
needed
1757­
99
Industrial
Recirc
Water
Systems
Cooling
Tower
Pour/
metered
As
needed
1839­
179
Oil
Field
injection
and
wastewater
continuous
injection
As
needed
1839­
179
Oil
Field
injection
and
wastewater
batch
treatment
As
needed
1839­
179
Oil
Field
packer
fluids
As
needed
1839­
179
Oil
Field
drilling
muds
As
needed
Swimming
Pools
6836­
310
Swimming
Pool
Weekly
1839­
141
Swimming
Pool
Pour
Weekly
1839­
141
Outside
Spas/
Whirlpools/
Hot
Tub
Bath
Pour
As
needed
Aquatic
Areas
53642­
1
fountains,
water
displays,
decorative
pools,
decorative
ponds,
sewage
treatment
systems,
spas,
standing
water
spray
Mosquito
Control
499­
368
decorative
pools,
fountains,
water
displays
pour
499­
482
nurseries
watering
lines,
watering
tubes,
emitters,
drip
lines,
watering
nozzles
and
hoses
pour,
immerse
Wood
Preservatives
6836­
308
Pressure
Treatment
lumber
3%
ai
soln
As
needed
6836­
308
Double
vacuum
lumber
3%
ai
soln
As
needed
1839­
184
Dip/
Brush/
Spray
surface
treatment
lumber
3%
ai
soln
As
needed
Page
67
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
1839­
184
sapstain
control
lumber
dip,
spray
As
needed
Agricultural
Premise
and
Equipment
10324­
111
Animal
facilities,
farms,
mushroom
farms,
animal
life
science
laboratories,
animal
quarters,
other
animal
care
facilities,
hatcheries,
stables,
catteries,
stalls,
animal
transportation
vehicles
Dairy/
equine/
hog/
swine/
pou
ltry/
turkey
farms,
hatcheries,
barns,
pens,
stalls,
egg
receiving
area,
egg
holding
area,
setter
room,
tray
dumping
area,
chick
holding
room,
poultry
buildings,
dressing
plants,
offal
rooms,
farrowing
barns
and
areas,
nursery,
blocks,
creep
areas,
hatcheries,
stables,
catteries,
chick
holding
area,
hatchery
room,
chick
processing
area,
chick
loading
area,
offal
rooms,
animal
transportation
vehicles
Floors,
walls,
ceilings,
feed
racks,
mangers,
troughs,
automatic
feeders/
fountains/
waterers,
other
feeding
and
watering
appliances,
halters,
ropes
and
other
types
of
equipment
used
in
handling
and
restraining
animals,
as
well
as
forks,
shovels,
and
scrapers
used
for
removing
litter
and
manure,
feeders,
fountains,
drinkers,
blocks,
chutes,
incubators,
hatchers,
waterers,
feeders,
fountains,
hauling
equipment,
loading
equipment,
kennels,
runs,
cages,
coops,
crates,
pens,
trays,
buggies,
racks,
carts,
egg
flats,
drinkers,
fixtures,
delivery
trucks,
trucks/
trailers,
field
harvesting
equipment,
including
cargo
area,
wheels,
tires,
undercarriage,
hood,
roof,
fenders
and
any
other
part
of
the
transportation
equipment
mop,
wipe
(
cloth,
swab),
pour,
immersion
As
needed
10324­
111
gloves
immersion
As
needed
6836­
193
hatcheries,
egg
receiving
area
spray
(
RTU
spray/
wipe)
As
needed
1839­
81
hatcheries
hatchery
rooms
fogging
As
needed
10324­
81
hatcheries
incubators,
setters,
hatchers
fogging
every
12
hrs
67517­
15
hatcheries
egg
shell
sanitizing
spray,
immersion,
cloth
1/
batch
of
eggs
1839­
86
Shoe
immersion/
foam
generating
machine/
aerator
As
needed
Page
68
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
10324­
140
Animal
facilities,
farms,
mushroom
farms,
animal
life
science
laboratories,
animal
quarters,
other
animal
care
facilities,
hatcheries,
stables,
catteries,
stalls,
animal
transportation
vehicles
Dairy/
equine/
hog/
swine/
pou
ltry/
turkey
farms,
hatcheries,
barns,
pens,
stalls,
egg
receiving
area,
egg
holding
area,
setter
room,
tray
dumping
area,
chick
holding
room,
poultry
buildings,
dressing
plants,
offal
rooms,
farrowing
barns
and
areas,
nursery,
blocks,
creep
areas,
hatcheries,
stables,
catteries,
chick
holding
area,
hatchery
room,
chick
processing
area,
chick
loading
area,
offal
rooms,
animal
transportation
vehicles
Floors,
walls,
ceilings,
feed
racks,
mangers,
troughs,
automatic
feeders/
fountains/
waterers,
other
feeding
and
watering
appliances,
halters,
ropes
and
other
types
of
equipment
used
in
handling
and
restraining
animals,
as
well
as
forks,
shovels,
and
scrapers
used
for
removing
litter
and
manure,
feeders,
fountains,
drinkers,
blocks,
chutes,
incubators,
hatchers,
waterers,
feeders,
fountains,
hauling
equipment,
loading
equipment,
kennels,
runs,
cages,
coops,
crates,
pens,
trays
mop,
cloth,
sponge,
sprayer,
RTU
spray/
wipe
Kills
Canine
parvo
virus
As
needed
10324­
80
citrus
grove
or
farm
trucks,
vehicles,
equipment,
trailers,
field
harvesting
equipment,
cargo
area,
wheels,
tires,
under
carriage,
hood,
roof,
fenders
trigger
spraying,
dipping,
brushing
Blend
­
Kills
Citrus
canker
As
needed
1839­
81
Animal
facilities,
farms,
mushroom
farms,
animal
life
science
laboratories,
animal
quarters,
other
animal
care
facilities,
hatcheries,
stables,
catteries,
stalls,
animal
transportation
vehicles
Dairy/
equine/
hog/
swine/
pou
ltry/
turkey
farms,
hatcheries,
barns,
pens,
stalls,
egg
receiving
area,
egg
holding
area,
setter
room,
tray
dumping
area,
chick
holding
room,
poultry
buildings,
dressing
plants,
offal
rooms,
farrowing
barns
and
areas,
nursery,
blocks,
creep
areas,
hatcheries,
stables,
catteries,
chick
holding
area,
hatchery
room,
chick
processing
area,
chick
loading
area,
offal
rooms,
animal
transportation
vehicles
Personal
protective
safety
equipment,
protective
headgear,
hard
hats,
half
mask
respirators,
full
face
breathing
apparatus,
gas
masks,
goggles,
spectacles,
face
shields,
hearing
protectors/
ear
muffs
As
needed
1072­
16
stables,
dairies
Dairy
and
Hoof
trimming
equipment
cloth,
mop,
sponge,
sprayer,
immersion
As
needed
507­
3
greenhouses,
nurseries
ornamental
crops
drench
or
spray
Once
or
every
5­
15
days
dependent
on
type
of
crop
507­
3
greenhouses,
nurseries
hands
and
gloves
immersion
as
needed
Page
69
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
53642­
1
greenhouses,
nurseries
work
areas,
benches,
pots,
flats,
flower
buckets,
cutting
tools,
greenhouse
glass,
bird
baths,
walkways,
houseplants
Spray,
swab,
immersion
As
needed
53642­
1
greenhouses,
nurseries
lawns,
golf
courses,
commercial
turf
spray
every
10­
14
days
during
warm
season
499­
368
greenhouses,
nurseries
cutting
tools
immersion
499­
368
greenhouses,
nurseries
evaporative
coolers,
cooler
pads
spray
or
swab
every
other
week
Medical
premises
and
equipment
10324­
111
day­
care
centers,
hospitals,
medical/
dental
offices,
nursing
homes,
other
health
care
institutions,
mortuaries,
autopsy
rooms,
EMS
facilities,
medical
research
facilities,
patient
care
rooms,
recovery
anesthesia
rooms,
operating
rooms
Metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl
and
plastic
upholstery,
floors,
walls,
toilets,
urinals,
lavatories,
bathrooms,
bathing
areas,
bathtubs,
sinks,
sink
tops,
shower
stalls,
shower
doors/
curtains,
mirrors,
ultrasonic
bath,
whirlpools,
foot
baths,
countertops,
cabinets,
tables,
chairs,
desks,
hospital
beds,
bed
springs,
bed
frames,
traction
devices,
MRI,
CAT,
examining
tables,
scales,
paddles,
wheelchairs,
lifts,
door
knobs,
linen
carts,
hampers,
wheel
chairs,
telephones,
fixtures,
toys,
high
chairs,
cribs,
changing
tables
mop,
wipe
(
cloth,
swab),
pour,
immersion
As
needed
1020­
1
Hospitals
hard/
non
porous
surfaces
(
nonfood
contact)
mop,
brush,
cloth
or
sponge
6836­
193
day­
care
centers,
hospitals,
medical/
dental
offices,
nursing
homes,
other
health
care
institutions,
mortuaries,
autopsy
rooms,
EMS
facilities,
medical
research
facilities,
patient
care
rooms,
recovery
anesthesia
rooms,
operating
rooms
Metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl
and
plastic
upholstery,
floors,
walls,
toilets,
urinals,
lavatories,
bathrooms,
bathing
areas,
bathtubs,
sinks,
sink
tops,
shower
stalls,
shower
doors/
curtains,
mirrors,
ultrasonic
bath,
whirlpools,
foot
baths,
countertops,
cabinets,
tables,
chairs,
desks,
hospital
beds,
bed
springs,
bed
frames,
traction
devices,
MRI,
CAT,
examining
tables,
scales,
paddles,
wheelchairs,
lifts,
door
knobs,
linen
carts,
hampers,
wheel
chairs,
telephones,
fixtures
spray
(
RTU
spray/
wipe)
As
needed
Page
70
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
1839­
81
Hospitals
carpet
portable
extraction
units,
truck
mounted
extraction
machines,
rotary
floor
machines,
metered,
spray
As
needed
1839­
155
Hospitals
laundry
pour
@
final
rinse
cycle
As
needed
1839­
110
hospital
fabric
final
rinse
in
wash
cycle
As
needed
1190­
48
Hospitals,
Health
Care
facilities,
Medical/
Dental
offices,
Nursing
homes,
operating
rooms,
patient
care
facilities,
clinics,
isolation
wards,
medical
research
facilities,
autopsy
rooms,
ICU
areas,
recovery
anesthesia,
emergency
rooms,
X­
ray
cat
labs,
newborn
nurseries,
orthopedics,
respiratory
therapy,
acute
care
institutions,
alternate
care
institutions,
healthcare
institutions,
restrooms/
bathrooms
floors,
walls,
toilets,
urinals,
lavatories,
bathrooms,
bathing
areas,
bathtubs,
sinks,
sink
tops,
shower
stalls,
shower
doors/
curtains,
mirrors,
ultrasonic
bath,
whirlpools,
foot
baths,
countertops,
cabinets,
tables,
chairs,
desks,
hospital
beds,
bed
springs,
bed
frames,
traction
devices,
MRI,
CAT,
examining
tables,
scales,
paddles,
wheelchairs,
lifts,
door
knobs,
linen
carts,
hampers,
wheel
chairs,
telephones,
garbage
pails/
cans,
fixtures
Wipe,
mop,
spray,
(
cloth)
swab,
brush
As
needed
1839­
81
autopsy
rooms,
funeral
homes,
human
remains
sponge,
wash
cloth,
soft
brush
As
needed
5741­
2
hospitals
walls,
floors,
and
other
hard,
non
porous
mop,
sponge,
or
spray
62401­
6
nursing
homes
walls,
telephones,
chairs,
tables,
sinks,
counters,
appliance
exteriors,
garbage
cans,
stovetops
Presaturated
wipe
As
needed
7211­
10
Medical
Premises
&
Equipment
critical
instruments
immersion
1203­
41
hospitals,
nursing
homes,
clinics
tables,
walls,
ceramic
tiles,
metal
surfaces,
plastic,
asphalt,
finished/
painted
wood
and
glass
spray,
mop,
sponge
As
needed
10324­
80
hospitals,
nursing
homes
air
ducts
spray,
brush,
mop,
wipe,
ULV
or
mist
generating,
automated
spray
odor
causing
bacteria,
fungi,
6
months
Commercial,
institutional,
and
industrial
premises
and
equipment
Page
71
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
10324­
111
hair/
nail
salons,
barber
beauty
shops,
tanning
salons,
tattoo
parlors,
veterinary
clinics,
locker
facilities,
shopping
malls,
motels,
hotels,
bookstores,
dressing
rooms,
photo
copy
centers,
bicycle
shopes,
toy
factories,
computer
manufacturing
sites,
burial
vaults,
mausoleums,
jails,
penitentiaries,
transportation
terminals,
Cruise
ships,
airplanes,
schools,
universities,
churches,
libraries,
cosmetic
manufacturing
facilities,
medical
device
manufacturing
facilities,
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
facilities,
bowling
alleys,
crime
scenes,
pet
shops,
grooming
and
breeding
establishments,
zoos,
tack
shops,
atheletic
facilities,
Sport
Arenas,
floors,
walls,
toilets,
urinals,
bathrooms,
bathtubs,
sinks,
countertops,
shower
doors/
curtains,
toilet
seats,
shower
stalls,
ultrasonic
bath,
whirlpools,
barber/
salon
instruments/
tools,
tables,
chairs,
shelves,
telephones,
cabinets,
desks,
tanning
beds,
bed
springs,
door
knobs,
linen
carts,
hampers,
garbage
pails,
telephones,
recycling
equipment,
exercise
equipment,
automobile/
truck
interiors,
garbage
cans/
pails,
metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl
and
plastic
upholstery,
terrariums,
cages,
and
cage
furniture
mop,
wipe
(
cloth,
swab),
pour,
immersion
As
needed
1839­
81
manufacturing
sites/
facilities
fogging
As
needed
6836­
193
hair/
nail
salons,
barber
beauty
shops,
tanning
salons,
tattoo
parlors,
veterinary
clinics,
locker
facilities,
shopping
malls,
motels,
hotels,
bookstores,
dressing
rooms,
photo
copy
centers,
bicycle
shopes,
toy
factories,
computer
manufacturing
sites,
burial
vaults,
mausoleums,
jails,
penitentiaries,
transportation
terminals,
Cruise
ships,
airplanes,
schools,
universities,
churches,
libraries,
cosmetic
manufacturing
facilities,
medical
device
manufacturing
facilities,
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
facilities,
bowling
alleys,
crime
scenes,
pet
shops,
grooming
and
breeding
establishments,
zoos,
tack
shops,
atheletic
facilities,
Sport
Arenas,
hair/
nail
salons,
barber
beauty
shops,
tanning
salons,
tattoo
parlors,
veterinary
clinics,
locker
facilities,
shopping
malls,
motels,
hotels,
bookstores,
dressing
rooms,
photo
copy
centers,
bicycle
shopes,
toy
factories,
computer
manufacturing
sites,
burial
vaults,
mausoleums,
jails,
penitentiaries,
transportation
terminals,
Cruise
ships,
airplanes,
schools,
universities,
churches,
libraries,
cosmetic
manufacturing
facilities,
medical
device
manufacturing
facilities,
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
facilities,
bowling
alleys,
crime
scenes,
pet
shops,
grooming
and
breeding
establishments,
zoos,
tack
shops,
atheletic
facilities,
Sport
Arenas,
spray
(
RTU
spray/
wipe)
As
needed
1839­
81
hotels,
motels,
dressing
romms,
bowling
alleys,
salons,
libraries,
office
buildings,
schools,
universities
carpet
portable
extraction
units,
truck
mounted
extraction
machines,
rotary
floor
machines,
metered,
spray
As
needed
62401­
6
schools,
food
service
establishments
telephones,
walls,
chairs,
tables,
sinks,
counters,
appliance
exteriors,
garbage
cans,
stovetops
Presaturated
wipe
As
needed
Page
72
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
1839­
155
hotels,
motels,
dressing
romms,
bowling
alleys,
salons,
libraries,
office
buildings,
schools,
universities
laundry
pour
@
final
rinse
cycle
As
needed
1839­
110
commercial
fabric
final
rinse
in
wash
cycle
As
needed
1839­
120
humidifier
pour
As
needed
1839­
81
Florists/
flower
shops,
greenhouses,
shippers,
packing
areas
flower
buckets,
coolers,
floors
and
walls
of
coolers,
design
and
packing
benches,
garbage
pails
Mop/
wipe,
cloth,
brush,
sponge,
sprayer,
RTU
wipe/
spray
As
needed
10324­
140
kennels,
breeding
facilities,
tack
shops,
pet
shops,
Floors,
walls,
ceilings,
feed
racks,
mangers,
troughs,
automatic
feeders/
fountains/
waterers,
other
feeding
and
watering
appliances,
halters,
ropes
and
other
types
of
equipment
used
in
handling
and
restraining
animals,
as
well
as
forks,
shovels,
and
scrapers
used
for
removing
litter
and
manure,
feeders,
fountains,
drinkers,
blocks,
chutes,
incubators,
hatchers,
waterers,
feeders,
fountains,
hauling
equipment,
loading
equipment,
kennels,
runs,
cages,
coops,
crates,
pens,
trays
mop,
cloth,
sponge,
sprayer,
RTU
spray/
wipe
Kills
Canine
parvo
virus
As
needed
1839­
85
hair/
nail
salons,
barber
beauty
shops,
tanning
salons,
tattoo
parlors,
veterinary
clinics,
locker
facilities,
shopping
malls,
motels,
hotels,
bookstores,
dressing
rooms,
photo
copy
centers,
bicycle
shopes,
toy
factories,
computer
manufacturing
sites,
burial
vaults,
mausoleums,
jails,
penitentiaries,
transportation
terminals,
Cruise
ships,
airplanes,
schools,
universities,
churches,
libraries,
cosmetic
manufacturing
facilities,
medical
device
manufacturing
facilities,
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
facilities,
bowling
alleys,
crime
scenes,
pet
shops,
grooming
and
breeding
establishments,
zoos,
tack
shops,
atheletic
facilities,
Sport
Arenas,
air
deodorizer/
air
freshener
RTU
spray
As
needed
10324­
111
Sports
Arenas,
exercise
facilities,
amusement
parks,
schools,
day­
care
centers
large
inflatable
non­
porous
plastic
and
rubber
structures
(
animals,
promotional
items,
moonwalk,
slides,
obstacle
course
play
equipment,
exercise
equipment,
wrestling
mats,
bathrooms
mop,
cloth,
sponge,
sprayer
mildewstat
As
needed
Page
73
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
5741­
2
schools,
hotels,
restaurants,
commercial,
institutional,
and
industrial
facilities
walls,
floors,
and
hard,
non
porous
mop,
sponge,
or
spray
1839­
81
manufacturing
sites/
facilities
Personal
protective
safety
equipment,
protective
headgear,
hard
hats,
half
mask
respirators,
full
face
breathing
apparatus,
gas
masks,
goggles,
spectacles,
face
shields,
hearing
protectors/
ear
muffs
sponge,
wash
cloth,
soft
brush,
immerse
As
needed
32977­
1
schools
and
music
stuidos
wind
instruments
immersion
As
needed
1203­
41
Athletic
facilities,
motels,
hotels,
churches,
convents,
transportation
terminals,
tables,
walls,
ceramic
tiles,
metal
surfaces,
plastic,
asphalt,
finished/
painted
wood
and
glass
spray,
mop,
sponge
As
needed
507­
3
industrial
premises
hands
and
gloves
immersion
as
needed
10324­
80
Institutional,
Industrial
premise,
school,
restaurant
air
ducts
spray,
brush,
mop,
wipe,
ULV
or
mist
generating,
automated
spray
odor
causing
bacteria,
fungi,
6
months
Residential
and
public
access
premises
10324­
111
Households,
campgrounds,
playgrounds,
picnic
facilities,
recreational
facilities,
other
public
facilities
Floors,
walls,
windows,
toilets,
bathtubs,
whirlpools,
shower
stalls,
shower
door/
curtain,
sinks,
mirrors,
restroom
fixtures,
cabinets,
tables,
chairs,
desks,
bed
frames,
doorknobs,
garbage
cans/
pails,
picnic
tables,
outdoor
furniture,
telephones,
countertops,
external
surfaces
of
appliances,
tables,
sincks,
shelves,
plastic
chopping
blocks,
metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl,
plastic
upholstery,
terrariums,
cages,
and
cage
furniture
As
needed
10324­
111
RVs,
motor
homes
RV
Holding
Tank
Pouring
As
needed
Page
74
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
6836­
193
Households,
campgrounds,
playgrounds,
picnic
facilities,
recreational
facilities,
other
public
facilities
Floors,
walls,
windows,
toilets,
bathtubs,
whirlpools,
shower
stalls,
shower
door/
curtain,
sinks,
mirrors,
restroom
fixtures,
cabinets,
tables,
chairs,
desks,
bed
frames,
doorknobs,
garbage
cans/
pails,
picnic
tables,
outdoor
furniture,
telephones,
countertops,
external
surfaces
of
appliances,
tables,
sincks,
shelves,
plastic
chopping
blocks,
metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl,
plastic
upholstery,
terrariums,
cages,
and
cage
furniture
spray
(
RTU
spray/
wipe)
As
needed
homes
carpet
portable
extraction
units,
truck
mounted
extraction
machines,
rotary
floor
machines,
metered,
spray
As
needed
1839­
120
homes
humidifier
pour
As
needed
1839­
85
homes
air
deodorizer/
air
freshener
RTU
spray
As
needed
62401­
6
homes
walls,
telephones,
chairs,
tables,
sinks,
counters,
appliance
exteriors,
garbage
cans,
stovetops
Presaturated
wipe
As
needed
1839­
155
homes
water
softeners
and
reverse
osmosis
units
As
needed
10324­
80
homes
air
ducts
spray,
brush,
mop,
wipe,
ULV
or
mist
generating,
automated
spray
odor
causing
bacteria,
fungi,
6
months
Food
handling/
storage
establishments
premises
and
equipment
Page
75
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
10324­
111
restaurants,
bars,
supermarket,
convenience
stores,
pizza
parlors,
meat
and
poultry
processing
plants,
rendering
plants,
fish,
milk,
wine,
citrus
processing
facilities,
institutional
kitchens,
food
storage
areas,
tobacco
processing
facilities,
ood
service
establishments,
food
processing
plants/
facilities,
beverage
processing
plants,
Cafeterias,
Dairies,
Egg
Processing
plants,
Federally
inspected
meat
and
poultry
plants,
Food
Handling
areas,
Food
preparation
areas,
Food
storage
areas,
USDA
inspected
food
processing
facilities,
breweries,
fast
food
operations
floors,
walls,
countertops,
appliances
(
microwaves,
refrigerators,
stove
tops,
freezers,
coolers),
chairs,
tables,
shelves,
picnic
tables,
outdoor
furniture,
racks,
carts,
telephones,
door
knobs,
storage
areas,
potato
storage
areas,
food
storage
areas,
garbage
storage
areas,
cutting
boards,
tanks,
exhaust
fans,
refrigerator
bins,
refrigerated
storage/
display
equipment,
coils
and
drain
pans
of
air
conditioning/
refrigeration
equipment,
heat
pumps,
storage
tanks,
coolers,
ice
chests,
garbage
cans/
pails
metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl
and
plastic
upholstery
mop,
wipe
(
cloth,
swab),
pour,
immersionmop,
wipe
(
cloth,
swab),
pour,
immersion
As
needed
10324­
111
federally
inspected
meat
and
poultry
plants,
food
processing
facilities,
dairies,
tobacco
processing
facilities,
beverage
processing
facilities
gloves
immersion
As
needed
507­
3
dairies
and
food
processing
plants
hands
and
gloves
immersion
as
needed
1839­
86
federally
inspected
meat
and
poultry
plants,
food
processing
facilities,
dairies,
tobacco
processing
facilities,
beverage
processing
facilities
Shoe
immersion/
foam
generating
machine/
aerator
As
needed
6836­
193
restaurants,
bars,
supermarket,
convenience
stores,
pizza
parlors,
meat
and
poultry
processing
plants,
rendering
plants,
fish,
milk,
wine,
citrus
processing
facilities,
institutional
kitchens,
food
storage
areas,
tobacco
processing
facilities,
ood
service
establishments,
food
processing
plants/
facilities,
beverage
processing
plants,
Cafeterias,
Dairies,
Egg
Processing
plants,
Federally
inspected
meat
and
poultry
plants,
Food
Handling
areas,
Food
preparation
areas,
Food
storage
areas,
USDA
inspected
food
processing
facilities,
breweries,
fast
food
operations
floors,
walls,
countertops,
appliances
(
microwaves,
refrigerators,
stove
tops,
freezers,
coolers),
chairs,
tables,
shelves,
picnic
tables,
outdoor
furniture,
racks,
carts,
telephones,
door
knobs,
storage
areas,
potato
storage
areas,
food
storage
areas,
garbage
storage
areas,
cutting
boards,
tanks,
exhaust
fans,
refrigerator
bins,
refrigerated
storage/
display
equipment,
coils
and
drain
pans
of
air
conditioning/
refrigeration
equipment,
heat
pumps,
storage
tanks,
coolers,
ice
chests,
garbage
cans/
pails
metal,
stainless
steel,
glazed
porcelain,
glazed
ceramic
tile,
plastic,
granite,
marble,
chrome,
vinyl,
glass,
chrome
plated
intakes,
enameled
surfaces,
painted
woodwork,
Formica,
vinyl
and
plastic
upholstery
RTU
Spray/
wipe
As
needed
Page
76
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
1839­
155
(
FCS)
restaurants,
food
service
establishments,
Bars,
Cafeteria,
convenience
stores,
dairies,
food
handling
areas,
food
preparation
areas,
food
storage
areas
institutional
kitchens,
fast
food
operations
dairy
equipment,
dairy
farm
bulk
milk
tanks,
milking
equipment,
tanks,
piping,
pasteurizers,
cow
udders,
dairy
product
dispensing
equipment,
drinking
glasses,
eating
utensils,
cooking
utensils,
silverware,
glassware,
dishes,
ice
machines,
beverage
dispensing
equipment,
counters,
tables,
cutting
boards,
Slurrpy
machines,
ice
cream
dispensing
equipment,
food
dispensing
equipment,
utensils
and
other
food
contact
articles
spray,
flood,
immersion,
brushing,
RTU
wipe/
spray
As
needed
1839­
51
Food
processing
plants/
facilities
(
including
beverage,
meat,
poultry,
egg,
seafood,
fisheries,
milk,
citrus,
potato,
ice
cream),
Egg
Processing
plants,
Federally
inspected
meat
and
poultry
plants,
Food
Handling
areas,
Food
preparation
areas,
Food
storage
areas,
USDA
inspected
food
processing
facilities,
breweries
storage
tanks,
meat/
poultry/
fruit/
vegetable
conveyers,
tanks,
chopping
block,
countertops,
sinks,
sink
tops,
utensils,
knives,
grinders,
shredders,
cleavers,
ladles,
food
grade
eggs,
ice
machines,
water
coolers,
water
holding
tanks,
pressure
tanks,
refrigerated
storage/
display
equipment,
exhaust
fans,
coils
and
drain
pans
of
air
conditioning/
refrigeration
equipment,
heat
pumps,
storage
tanks,
beer
fermentation
equipment
and
holding
tanks,
blenders,
food
processors,
bottling
or
pre­
mix
dispensing
equipment,
citrus
processing
equipment
(
holding
tanks,
bottles,
cans),
cutting
boards,
coolers,
ice
chests,
ice
machines,
refrigerator
bins,
beer
fermentation
and
storage
tanks
spray,
flood,
immersion,
brushing,
RTU
wipe/
spray
As
needed
1839­
155
water
softeners
and
reverse
osmosis
units
As
needed
1839­
81
dairies,
beverage
and
food
processing
plants
room
surfaces
fogging
As
needed
1020­
1
food
and
bottling
plant,
dairy
farms,
egg
product
processing
plants
and
milk
plants
walls,
floors,
equipment,
other
hard
nonporous
surfaces
mop,
brush,
cloth
or
sponge
1203­
41
food
processing
plants,
food
service
areas,
institutional
kitchens,
industrial/
hospital
cafeterials,
school
lunchrooms,
canning
plants,
dairies,
and
packing
plants
tables,
walls,
ceramic
tiles,
metal
surfaces,
plastic,
asphalt,
finished/
painted
wood
and
glass
spray,
mop,
sponge
As
needed
10324­
80
food
processing
plants,
food
service
areas,
institutional
kitchens,
industrial/
hospital
cafeterials,
school
lunchrooms,
dairies,
and
packing
plants
air
ducts
spray,
brush,
mop,
wipe,
ULV
or
mist
generating,
automated
spray
odor
causing
bacteria,
fungi,
6
months
Cleaning/
Deodorizing
Page
77
of
107
EPA
Reg
Number
used
for
Max.
Appl.
Rate
Use
Site
Treatment
Site/
Surfaces
Method
of
Application
Notes
Freq
of
Application
10324­
118
residential,
commercial,
institutional,
industrial,
garbage
cans,
garbage
trucks,
industrial
waste
receptacles,
garbage
handling
equipment
sprayer,
sponge,
cloth,
Cleaning/
Deodorizing
As
needed
1839­
81
Water/
Smoke
restoration
(
institutional,
industrial,
hospital,
nursing
home)
carpets,
carpet
cushion,
sub
floors,
drywall,
trim,
farm
lumber,
tackless
strip
and
paneling
Mop/
wipe,
cloth,
brush,
sponge,
sprayer
Cleaning/
Deodorizing
As
needed
10324­
118
Sewer
backup/
river
flood
cleanup/
clean
water
source
carpets,
carpet
cushion,
sub
floors,
drywall,
trim,
farm
lumber,
tackless
strip
and
paneling
spray
Cleaning/
Deodorizing
As
needed
5174­
22
schools,
day
care
centers,
restaurants,
cafeterias,
convenience
stores,
kennels,
restrooms,
hospitals,
nursing
homes
hard
non­
porous
surfaces
mop,
sponge,
or
spray
Cleaning/
Deodorizing
As
needed
Page
78
of
107
APPENDIX
B:
Summary
of
CMA
and
PHED
Data
Page
79
of
107
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
(
CMA)
Data:
In
response
to
an
EPA
Data
Call­
In
Notice,
a
study
was
undertaken
by
the
Institute
of
Agricultural
Medicine
and
Occupational
Health
of
The
University
of
Iowa
under
contract
to
the
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association.
In
order
to
meet
the
requirements
of
Subdivision
U
of
the
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
(
superseded
by
Series
875.1000­
875.1600
of
the
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines),
handler
exposure
data
are
required
from
the
chemical
manufacturer
specifically
registering
the
antimicrobial
pesticide.
The
applicator
exposure
study
must
comply
with
the
assessment
guidelines
for
A
Applicator
Exposure
Monitoring
@

in
Subdivision
U
and
the
A
Occupational
and
Residential
Exposure
Test
Guidelines
@

in
Series
875.
For
this
purpose,
CMA
submitted
a
study
on
28
February,
1990,
entitled
"
Antimicrobial
Exposure
Assessment
Study
(
amended
on
December
8,
1992)"
which
was
conducted
by
William
Popendorf,
et
al.
It
was
evaluated
and
accepted
by
Occupational
and
Residential
Exposure
Branch
(
OREB)
of
Health
Effect
Division
(
HED),
Office
of
Pesticides
Program
(
OPP)
of
EPA
in
1990.
The
purpose
of
this
CMA
study
was
to
characterize
exposure
to
antimicrobial
chemicals
in
order
to
support
pesticide
reregistrations
(
CMA,
1992).
The
unit
exposures
presented
in
the
most
recent
EPA
evaluation
of
the
CMA
database
(
USEPA,
1999b)
were
used
in
this
assessment.

The
Agency
determined
that
the
CMA
study
had
fulfilled
the
basic
requirements
of
Subdivision
U
­
Applicator
Exposure
Monitoring.
The
advantages
of
CMA
data
over
other
A
surrogate
data
sets
@

is
that
the
chemicals
and
the
job
functions
of
mixer/
loader/
applicator
were
defined
based
on
common
application
methods
used
for
antimicrobial
pesticides.
A
few
of
the
deficiencies
in
the
CMA
data
are
noted
below:

 
The
inhalation
concentrations
were
typically
below
the
detection
limits,
so
the
unit
exposures
for
the
inhalation
exposure
route
could
not
be
accurately
calculated.
 
QA/
QC
problems
including
lack
of
either/
or
field
fortification,
laboratory
recoveries,
and
storage
stability
information.
 
Data
have
an
insufficient
amount
of
replicates.

The
Pesticide
Handlers
Exposure
Database
(
PHED):
The
Pesticide
Handlers
Exposure
Database
(
PHED)
has
been
developed
by
a
Task
Force
consisting
of
representatives
from
Health
Canada,
the
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
EPA),
and
the
American
Crop
Protection
Association
(
ACPA).
PHED
provides
generic
pesticide
worker
(
i.
e.,
mixer/
loader
and
applicator)
exposure
estimates.
The
dermal
and
inhalation
exposure
estimates
generated
by
PHED
are
based
on
actual
field
monitoring
data,
which
are
reported
generically
(
i.
e.,
chemical
specific
names
not
reported)
in
PHED.
It
has
been
the
Agency
=

s
policy
to
use
A
surrogate
@

or
A
generic
@

exposure
data
for
pesticide
applicators
in
certain
circumstances
because
it
is
believed
that
the
physical
parameters
(
e.
g.,
packaging
type)
or
application
technique
(
e.
g.,
aerosol
can),
not
the
chemical
properties
of
the
pesticide,
attribute
to
exposure
levels.
[
Note:
Vapor
pressures
for
the
chemicals
in
PHED
are
in
the
range
of
E­
5
to
E­
7
mm
Hg.]
Chemical
specific
properties
are
accounted
for
by
correcting
the
exposure
data
for
study
specific
field
and
laboratory
recovery
values
as
specified
by
the
PHED
grading
criteria.

PHED
handler
exposure
data
are
generally
provided
on
a
normalized
basis
for
use
in
exposure
assessments.
The
most
common
method
for
normalizing
exposure
is
by
pounds
of
active
ingredient
(
ai)
handled
per
replicate
(
i.
e.,
exposure
in
mg
per
replicate
is
divided
by
the
Page
80
of
107
amount
of
ai
handled
in
that
particular
replicate).
These
unit
exposures
are
expressed
as
mg/
lb
ai
handled.
This
normalization
method
presumes
that
dermal
and
inhalation
exposures
are
linear
based
on
the
amount
of
active
ingredient
handled.
Page
81
of
107
APPENDIX
C:
Input/
Output
from
Residential
MCCEM
Modeling
Air
Deodorization
and
Humidifier
Page
82
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Air
Deodorization
­
Adult
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Generic
house
State:
NA
Code:
GN001
Season:
SUMMER
Zones:
2
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
1
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
60
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
NO
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
NONE
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
g/
m
³

Zone
1:
0.000066
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
Page
83
of
107
____________________________________________________________________________
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
LADD:
1.4414e­
06
mg/(
kg
day)

LADC:
7.2068e­
06
mg/
m
³

ADD:
1.4414e­
06
mg/(
kg
day)

ADC:
7.2068e­
06
mg/
m
³

Single
Event
Dose:
0.031587
mg
Peak
Concentration:
0.06505
mg/
m
³

APDR:
0.00052301
mg/(
kg
day)

Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.0003
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
12
m
³
/
day
Page
84
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Air
Deodorization
­
Child
NOTES:

RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Generic
house
State:
NA
Code:
GN001
Season:
SUMMER
Zones:
2
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
15
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
NO
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
NONE
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³
Page
85
of
107
Initial
Concentrations
Units:
g/
m
³

Zone
1:
0.000066
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
____________________________________________________________________________
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
LADD:
4.6123e­
06
mg/(
kg
day)

LADC:
7.2068e­
06
mg/
m
³

ADD:
4.6123e­
06
mg/(
kg
day)

ADC:
7.2068e­
06
mg/
m
³

Single
Event
Dose:
0.02527
mg
Peak
Concentration:
0.06505
mg/
m
³

APDR:
0.0016736
mg/(
kg
day)

Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.0003
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
9.6
m
³
/
day
____________________________________________________________________________
Page
86
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Humidifier
­
8hrs
­
Adult
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Generic
house
State:
NA
Code:
GN001
Season:
SUMMER
Zones:
2
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
1
Constant
Emission
Rate
=
0.102
g/
hr
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
60
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
Page
87
of
107
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
YES
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
0
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
mg/
m
³

Zone
1:
0
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
________________________________________________________________________
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

LADD:
0.0013458
mg/(
kg
day)
LADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
ADD:
0.0013458
mg/(
kg
day)
ADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
Single
Event
Dose:
29.493
mg
Peak
Concentration:
1.3894
mg/
m
³
APDR:
0.27692
mg/(
kg
day)
Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.9587
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
12
m
³
/
day
_______________________________________________________________________

Humidifier
­
8hrs
­
Adult
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Pers
on
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
0
0
0
0
0
0.0000
#
DIV/
0!

0.041667
1
8.65E­
60
0.228802
0.228802
0.0019
1573
0.083333
2
3.27E­
59
0.419933
0.419933
0.0035
857
0.125
3
6.95E­
59
0.579594
0.579594
0.0048
621
0.166667
4
1.17E­
58
0.712968
0.712968
0.0059
505
0.208334
5
1.74E­
58
0.824381
0.824381
0.0069
437
0.25
6
2.38E­
58
0.917451
0.917451
0.0076
392
0.291667
7
3.08E­
58
0.995197
0.995197
0.0083
362
0.333334
8
3.83E­
58
1.06014
1.06014
0.0088
340
0.375
9
4.63E­
58
1.11439
1.11439
0.0093
323
0.416667
10
5.47E­
58
1.15971
1.15971
0.0097
310
0.458334
11
6.33E­
58
1.19757
1.19757
0.0100
301
0.5
12
7.22E­
58
1.2292
1.2292
0.0102
293
0.541667
13
8.14E­
58
1.25561
1.25561
0.0105
287
0.583334
14
9.07E­
58
1.27768
1.27768
0.0106
282
0.625
15
1.00E­
57
1.29612
1.29612
0.0108
278
0.666667
16
1.10E­
57
1.31152
1.31152
0.0109
274
0.708334
17
1.19E­
57
1.32438
1.32438
0.0110
272
0.750001
18
1.29E­
57
1.33513
1.33513
0.0111
270
0.791667
19
1.39E­
57
1.3441
1.3441
0.0112
268
0.833334
20
1.49E­
57
1.3516
1.3516
0.0113
266
0.875001
21
1.59E­
57
1.35787
1.35787
0.0113
265
0.916667
22
1.69E­
57
1.3631
1.3631
0.0114
264
0.958334
23
1.79E­
57
1.36747
1.36747
0.0114
263
1
24
1.89E­
57
1.37112
1.37112
0.0114
263
1.04167
25
1.99E­
57
1.37417
1.37417
0.0115
262
Page
88
of
107
Humidifier
­
8hrs
­
Adult
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Pers
on
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
1.08333
26
2.09E­
57
1.37672
1.37672
0.0115
261
1.125
27
2.19E­
57
1.37885
1.37885
0.0115
261
1.16667
28
2.29E­
57
1.38062
1.38062
0.0115
261
1.20833
29
2.39E­
57
1.38211
1.38211
0.0115
260
1.25
30
2.50E­
57
1.38335
1.38335
0.0115
260
1.29167
31
2.60E­
57
1.38439
1.38439
0.0115
260
1.33333
32
2.70E­
57
1.38525
1.38525
0.0115
260
1.375
33
2.80E­
57
1.38598
1.38598
0.0115
260
1.41667
34
2.90E­
57
1.38658
1.38658
0.0116
260
1.45833
35
3.00E­
57
1.38709
1.38709
0.0116
260
1.5
36
3.11E­
57
1.38751
1.38751
0.0116
259
1.54167
37
3.21E­
57
1.38786
1.38786
0.0116
259
1.58333
38
3.31E­
57
1.38815
1.38815
0.0116
259
1.625
39
3.41E­
57
1.3884
1.3884
0.0116
259
1.66667
40
3.51E­
57
1.3886
1.3886
0.0116
259
1.70833
41
3.62E­
57
1.38878
1.38878
0.0116
259
1.75
42
3.72E­
57
1.38892
1.38892
0.0116
259
1.79167
43
3.82E­
57
1.38904
1.38904
0.0116
259
1.83333
44
3.92E­
57
1.38914
1.38914
0.0116
259
1.875
45
4.02E­
57
1.38922
1.38922
0.0116
259
1.91667
46
4.13E­
57
1.38929
1.38929
0.0116
259
1.95833
47
4.23E­
57
1.38935
1.38935
0.0116
259
2
48
4.33E­
57
1.38905
1.38905
0.0116
259
8­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
0
to
8
hours)
0.637607
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
8
Inhalation
(
m3/
hr)
0.5
BW
(
kg)
60
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.042507
MOE
70.57635
Page
89
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Humidifier
­
8hrs
­
child
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Generic
house
State:
NA
Code:
GN001
Season:
SUMMER
Zones:
2
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
1
Constant
Emission
Rate
=
0.102
g/
hr
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
15
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
YES
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
NONE
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
mg/
m
³

Zone
1:
0
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
________________________________________________________________________
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
Page
90
of
107
LADD:
0.008613
mg/(
kg
day)
LADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
ADD:
0.008613
mg/(
kg
day)
ADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
Single
Event
Dose:
47.189
mg
Peak
Concentration:
1.3894
mg/
m
³
APDR:
1.7723
mg/(
kg
day)
Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.9587
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
19.2
m
³
/
day
________________________________________________________________________

Humidifier
­
8hrs
­
child
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
0
0
0
0
0
0.0000
#
DIV/
0!
0.041667
1
8.65E­
60
0.228802
0.228802
0.0122
246
0.083333
2
3.27E­
59
0.419933
0.419933
0.0224
134
0.125
3
6.95E­
59
0.579594
0.579594
0.0309
97
0.166667
4
1.17E­
58
0.712968
0.712968
0.0380
79
0.208334
5
1.74E­
58
0.824381
0.824381
0.0440
68
0.25
6
2.38E­
58
0.917451
0.917451
0.0489
61
0.291667
7
3.08E­
58
0.995197
0.995197
0.0531
57
0.333334
8
3.83E­
58
1.06014
1.06014
0.0565
53
0.375
9
4.63E­
58
1.11439
1.11439
0.0594
50
0.416667
10
5.47E­
58
1.15971
1.15971
0.0619
49
0.458334
11
6.33E­
58
1.19757
1.19757
0.0639
47
0.5
12
7.22E­
58
1.2292
1.2292
0.0656
46
0.541667
13
8.14E­
58
1.25561
1.25561
0.0670
45
0.583334
14
9.07E­
58
1.27768
1.27768
0.0681
44
0.625
15
1.00E­
57
1.29612
1.29612
0.0691
43
0.666667
16
1.10E­
57
1.31152
1.31152
0.0699
43
0.708334
17
1.19E­
57
1.32438
1.32438
0.0706
42
0.750001
18
1.29E­
57
1.33513
1.33513
0.0712
42
0.791667
19
1.39E­
57
1.3441
1.3441
0.0717
42
0.833334
20
1.49E­
57
1.3516
1.3516
0.0721
42
0.875001
21
1.59E­
57
1.35787
1.35787
0.0724
41
0.916667
22
1.69E­
57
1.3631
1.3631
0.0727
41
0.958334
23
1.79E­
57
1.36747
1.36747
0.0729
41
1
24
1.89E­
57
1.37112
1.37112
0.0731
41
1.04167
25
1.99E­
57
1.37417
1.37417
0.0733
41
1.08333
26
2.09E­
57
1.37672
1.37672
0.0734
41
1.125
27
2.19E­
57
1.37885
1.37885
0.0735
41
1.16667
28
2.29E­
57
1.38062
1.38062
0.0736
41
1.20833
29
2.39E­
57
1.38211
1.38211
0.0737
41
1.25
30
2.50E­
57
1.38335
1.38335
0.0738
41
1.29167
31
2.60E­
57
1.38439
1.38439
0.0738
41
1.33333
32
2.70E­
57
1.38525
1.38525
0.0739
41
1.375
33
2.80E­
57
1.38598
1.38598
0.0739
41
1.41667
34
2.90E­
57
1.38658
1.38658
0.0740
41
1.45833
35
3.00E­
57
1.38709
1.38709
0.0740
41
1.5
36
3.11E­
57
1.38751
1.38751
0.0740
41
Page
91
of
107
Humidifier
­
8hrs
­
child
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
1.54167
37
3.21E­
57
1.38786
1.38786
0.0740
41
1.58333
38
3.31E­
57
1.38815
1.38815
0.0740
41
1.625
39
3.41E­
57
1.3884
1.3884
0.0740
41
1.66667
40
3.51E­
57
1.3886
1.3886
0.0741
41
1.70833
41
3.62E­
57
1.38878
1.38878
0.0741
41
1.75
42
3.72E­
57
1.38892
1.38892
0.0741
40
1.79167
43
3.82E­
57
1.38904
1.38904
0.0741
40
1.83333
44
3.92E­
57
1.38914
1.38914
0.0741
40
1.875
45
4.02E­
57
1.38922
1.38922
0.0741
40
1.91667
46
4.13E­
57
1.38929
1.38929
0.0741
40
1.95833
47
4.23E­
57
1.38935
1.38935
0.0741
40
2
48
4.33E­
57
1.38905
1.38905
0.0741
40
8­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
0
to
8
hours)
0.637607
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
8
Inhalation
(
m3/
hr)
0.8
BW
(
kg)
15
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
hr)
0.272046
MOE
11.02756
Page
92
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Humidifier
,
24
hr,
Adult
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Generic
house
State:
NA
Code:
GN001
Season:
SUMMER
Zones:
2
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
1
Constant
Emission
Rate
=
0.102
g/
hr
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
60
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
YES
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
0
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
g/
m
³

Zone
1:
0
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
________________________________________________________________________
Page
93
of
107
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
LADD:
0.0014916
mg/(
kg
day)
LADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
ADD:
0.0014916
mg/(
kg
day)
ADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
Single
Event
Dose:
32.688
mg
Peak
Concentration:
1.3894
mg/
m
³
APDR:
0.30692
mg/(
kg
day)
Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.9587
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
13.3
m
³
/
day
________________________________________________________________________

Humidifier
,
24
hr,
Adult
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
0
0
0
0
0
0.0000
#
DIV/
0!

0.041667
1
8.65E­
60
0.228802
0.228802
0.0021
1420
0.083333
2
3.27E­
59
0.419933
0.419933
0.0039
774
0.125
3
6.95E­
59
0.579594
0.579594
0.0054
561
0.166667
4
1.17E­
58
0.712968
0.712968
0.0066
456
0.208334
5
1.74E­
58
0.824381
0.824381
0.0076
394
0.25
6
2.38E­
58
0.917451
0.917451
0.0085
354
0.291667
7
3.08E­
58
0.995197
0.995197
0.0092
326
0.333334
8
3.83E­
58
1.06014
1.06014
0.0098
306
0.375
9
4.63E­
58
1.11439
1.11439
0.0103
292
0.416667
10
5.47E­
58
1.15971
1.15971
0.0107
280
0.458334
11
6.33E­
58
1.19757
1.19757
0.0111
271
0.5
12
7.22E­
58
1.2292
1.2292
0.0113
264
0.541667
13
8.14E­
58
1.25561
1.25561
0.0116
259
0.583334
14
9.07E­
58
1.27768
1.27768
0.0118
254
0.625
15
1.00E­
57
1.29612
1.29612
0.0120
251
0.666667
16
1.10E­
57
1.31152
1.31152
0.0121
248
0.708334
17
1.19E­
57
1.32438
1.32438
0.0122
245
0.750001
18
1.29E­
57
1.33513
1.33513
0.0123
243
0.791667
19
1.39E­
57
1.3441
1.3441
0.0124
242
0.833334
20
1.49E­
57
1.3516
1.3516
0.0125
240
0.875001
21
1.59E­
57
1.35787
1.35787
0.0125
239
0.916667
22
1.69E­
57
1.3631
1.3631
0.0126
238
0.958334
23
1.79E­
57
1.36747
1.36747
0.0126
238
1
24
1.89E­
57
1.37112
1.37112
0.0127
237
1.04167
25
1.99E­
57
1.37417
1.37417
0.0127
236
1.08333
26
2.09E­
57
1.37672
1.37672
0.0127
236
1.125
27
2.19E­
57
1.37885
1.37885
0.0127
236
1.16667
28
2.29E­
57
1.38062
1.38062
0.0127
235
1.20833
29
2.39E­
57
1.38211
1.38211
0.0128
235
1.25
30
2.50E­
57
1.38335
1.38335
0.0128
235
1.29167
31
2.60E­
57
1.38439
1.38439
0.0128
235
1.33333
32
2.70E­
57
1.38525
1.38525
0.0128
235
1.375
33
2.80E­
57
1.38598
1.38598
0.0128
234
Page
94
of
107
Humidifier
,
24
hr,
Adult
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
1.41667
34
2.90E­
57
1.38658
1.38658
0.0128
234
1.45833
35
3.00E­
57
1.38709
1.38709
0.0128
234
1.5
36
3.11E­
57
1.38751
1.38751
0.0128
234
1.54167
37
3.21E­
57
1.38786
1.38786
0.0128
234
1.58333
38
3.31E­
57
1.38815
1.38815
0.0128
234
1.625
39
3.41E­
57
1.3884
1.3884
0.0128
234
1.66667
40
3.51E­
57
1.3886
1.3886
0.0128
234
1.70833
41
3.62E­
57
1.38878
1.38878
0.0128
234
1.75
42
3.72E­
57
1.38892
1.38892
0.0128
234
1.79167
43
3.82E­
57
1.38904
1.38904
0.0128
234
1.83333
44
3.92E­
57
1.38914
1.38914
0.0128
234
1.875
45
4.02E­
57
1.38922
1.38922
0.0128
234
1.91667
46
4.13E­
57
1.38929
1.38929
0.0128
234
1.95833
47
4.23E­
57
1.38935
1.38935
0.0128
234
2
48
4.33E­
57
1.38905
1.38905
0.0128
234
24­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
24
to
48
hours)
1.39
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
24
Inhalation
(
m3/
hr)
0.554
BW
(
mg/
kg/
day)
60
Dose
(
kg)
0.307
MOE
9.770441
Page
95
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Humidifier
­
24
hrs
­
Child
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Generic
house
State:
NA
Code:
GN001
Season:
SUMMER
Zones:
2
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
1
Constant
Emission
Rate
=
0.102
g/
hr
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
15
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
YES
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
NONE
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
mg/
m
³

Zone
1:
0
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
________________________________________________________________________
Page
96
of
107
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
LADD:
0.0037233
mg/(
kg
day)
LADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
ADD:
0.0037233
mg/(
kg
day)
ADC:
0.0067289
mg/
m
³
Single
Event
Dose:
20.399
mg
Peak
Concentration:
1.3894
mg/
m
³
APDR:
0.76614
mg/(
kg
day)
Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.9587
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
8.3
m
³
/
day
________________________________________________________________________

Humidifier
­
24
hrs
­
Child
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hour
s)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
0
0
0
0
0
0.0000
#
DIV/
0!
0.041667
1
8.65E­
60
0.228802
0.228802
0.0053
568
0.083333
2
3.27E­
59
0.419933
0.419933
0.0097
310
0.125
3
6.95E­
59
0.579594
0.579594
0.0134
224
0.166667
4
1.17E­
58
0.712968
0.712968
0.0164
182
0.208334
5
1.74E­
58
0.824381
0.824381
0.0190
158
0.25
6
2.38E­
58
0.917451
0.917451
0.0212
142
0.291667
7
3.08E­
58
0.995197
0.995197
0.0230
131
0.333334
8
3.83E­
58
1.06014
1.06014
0.0245
123
0.375
9
4.63E­
58
1.11439
1.11439
0.0257
117
0.416667
10
5.47E­
58
1.15971
1.15971
0.0268
112
0.458334
11
6.33E­
58
1.19757
1.19757
0.0276
109
0.5
12
7.22E­
58
1.2292
1.2292
0.0284
106
0.541667
13
8.14E­
58
1.25561
1.25561
0.0290
104
0.583334
14
9.07E­
58
1.27768
1.27768
0.0295
102
0.625
15
1.00E­
57
1.29612
1.29612
0.0299
100
0.666667
16
1.10E­
57
1.31152
1.31152
0.0303
99
0.708334
17
1.19E­
57
1.32438
1.32438
0.0305
98
0.750001
18
1.29E­
57
1.33513
1.33513
0.0308
97
0.791667
19
1.39E­
57
1.3441
1.3441
0.0310
97
0.833334
20
1.49E­
57
1.3516
1.3516
0.0312
96
0.875001
21
1.59E­
57
1.35787
1.35787
0.0313
96
0.916667
22
1.69E­
57
1.3631
1.3631
0.0314
95
0.958334
23
1.79E­
57
1.36747
1.36747
0.0315
95
1
24
1.89E­
57
1.37112
1.37112
0.0316
95
1.04167
25
1.99E­
57
1.37417
1.37417
0.0317
95
1.08333
26
2.09E­
57
1.37672
1.37672
0.0318
94
1.125
27
2.19E­
57
1.37885
1.37885
0.0318
94
1.16667
28
2.29E­
57
1.38062
1.38062
0.0318
94
1.20833
29
2.39E­
57
1.38211
1.38211
0.0319
94
1.25
30
2.50E­
57
1.38335
1.38335
0.0319
94
1.29167
31
2.60E­
57
1.38439
1.38439
0.0319
94
1.33333
32
2.70E­
57
1.38525
1.38525
0.0320
94
Page
97
of
107
Humidifier
­
24
hrs
­
Child
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hour
s)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
1.375
33
2.80E­
57
1.38598
1.38598
0.0320
94
1.41667
34
2.90E­
57
1.38658
1.38658
0.0320
94
1.45833
35
3.00E­
57
1.38709
1.38709
0.0320
94
1.5
36
3.11E­
57
1.38751
1.38751
0.0320
94
1.54167
37
3.21E­
57
1.38786
1.38786
0.0320
94
1.58333
38
3.31E­
57
1.38815
1.38815
0.0320
94
1.625
39
3.41E­
57
1.3884
1.3884
0.0320
94
1.66667
40
3.51E­
57
1.3886
1.3886
0.0320
94
1.70833
41
3.62E­
57
1.38878
1.38878
0.0320
94
1.75
42
3.72E­
57
1.38892
1.38892
0.0320
94
1.79167
43
3.82E­
57
1.38904
1.38904
0.0320
94
1.83333
44
3.92E­
57
1.38914
1.38914
0.0320
94
1.875
45
4.02E­
57
1.38922
1.38922
0.0320
94
1.91667
46
4.13E­
57
1.38929
1.38929
0.0320
94
1.95833
47
4.23E­
57
1.38935
1.38935
0.0320
94
2
48
4.33E­
57
1.38905
1.38905
0.0320
94
24­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
24
to
48
hours)
1.385182
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
24
Inhalation
(
m3/
hr)
0.345833
BW
(
kg)
15
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.766467
NOAEL
(
mg/
kg//
day)
3
MOE
3.9
Page
98
of
107
APPENDIX
D:
Input/
Output
from
Occupational
MCCEM
Modeling
Food
Processing
Plant
and
Hatchery
Page
99
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Food
Processing
Plant
NOTES:
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Hypothetical
house
State:
NA
Code:
HY06
Season:
NA
Zones:
1
Infiltration
Rate:
0.18
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
60
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
Page
100
of
107
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
YES
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
NONE
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
g/
m
³

Zone
1:
0.0441
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
____________________________________________________________________________
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
LADD:
0.013961
mg/(
kg
day)
LADC:
0.027923
mg/
m
³
ADD:
0.013961
mg/(
kg
day)
ADC:
0.027923
mg/
m
³
Single
Event
Dose:
305.97
mg
Peak
Concentration:
44.034
mg/
m
³
APDR:
5.0326
mg/(
kg
day)
Time
when
APDR
occurred:
1.0003
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
30
m
³
/
day
___________________________________________________________________________
_

Food
Processing
Plant
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
0
0
0
44.1
0
0.735
4.081633
0.041667
1
1.09E­
54
36.8354
36.8354
0.61392333
4.886604
0.083333
2
2.00E­
54
30.7675
30.7675
0.51279167
5.850329
0.125
3
2.76E­
54
25.6992
25.6992
0.42832
7.004109
0.166667
4
3.40E­
54
21.4658
21.4658
0.35776333
8.385432
0.208334
5
3.93E­
54
17.9297
17.9297
0.29882833
10.03921
0.25
6
4.37E­
54
14.9761
14.9761
0.24960167
12.01915
0.291667
7
4.74E­
54
12.5091
12.5091
0.208485
14.38952
0.333334
8
5.05E­
54
10.4485
10.4485
0.17414167
17.22735
0.375
9
5.31E­
54
8.72732
8.72732
0.14545533
20.62489
0.416667
10
5.52E­
54
7.28967
7.28967
0.1214945
24.69248
0.458334
11
5.70E­
54
6.08884
6.08884
0.10148067
29.56228
0.5
12
5.85E­
54
5.08583
5.08583
0.08476383
35.39245
0.541667
13
5.98E­
54
4.24804
4.24804
0.07080067
42.37248
0.583334
14
6.08E­
54
3.54826
3.54826
0.05913767
50.72909
0.625
15
6.17E­
54
2.96376
2.96376
0.049396
60.73366
0.666667
16
6.24E­
54
2.47554
2.47554
0.041259
72.71141
0.708334
17
6.30E­
54
2.06774
2.06774
0.03446233
87.05156
0.750001
18
6.36E­
54
1.72712
1.72712
0.02878533
104.2197
0.791667
19
6.40E­
54
1.44261
1.44261
0.0240435
124.7738
0.833334
20
6.43E­
54
1.20497
1.20497
0.02008283
149.3813
0.875001
21
6.46E­
54
1.00648
1.00648
0.01677467
178.8411
0.916667
22
6.49E­
54
0.840681
0.840681
0.01401135
214.1121
0.958334
23
6.51E­
54
0.702195
0.702195
0.01170325
256.3391
1
24
6.53E­
54
0.586523
0.586523
0.00977538
306.8933
1.04167
25
6.54E­
54
0.489905
0.489905
0.00816508
367.4182
1.08333
26
6.55E­
54
0.409203
0.409203
0.00682005
439.8795
1.125
27
6.56E­
54
0.341795
0.341795
0.00569658
526.6315
Page
101
of
107
Food
Processing
Plant
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
1.16667
28
6.57E­
54
0.285491
0.285491
0.00475818
630.4927
1.20833
29
6.58E­
54
0.238462
0.238462
0.00397437
754.8372
1.25
30
6.59E­
54
0.19918
0.19918
0.00331967
903.7052
1.29167
31
6.59E­
54
0.166369
0.166369
0.00277282
1081.932
1.33333
32
6.59E­
54
0.138963
0.138963
0.00231605
1295.309
1.375
33
6.60E­
54
0.116072
0.116072
0.00193453
1550.762
1.41667
34
6.60E­
54
0.096951
0.096951
0.00161586
1856.6
1.45833
35
6.60E­
54
0.080981
0.080981
0.00134968
2222.755
1.5
36
6.60E­
54
0.067641
0.067641
0.00112735
2661.12
1.54167
37
6.61E­
54
0.056498
0.056498
0.00094164
3185.937
1.58333
38
6.61E­
54
0.047191
0.047191
0.00078652
3814.262
1.625
39
6.61E­
54
0.039418
0.039418
0.00065696
4566.5
1.66667
40
6.61E­
54
0.032924
0.032924
0.00054874
5467.103
1.70833
41
6.61E­
54
0.027501
0.027501
0.00045834
6545.312
1.75
42
6.61E­
54
0.022971
0.022971
0.00038284
7836.138
1.79167
43
6.61E­
54
0.019187
0.019187
0.00031978
9381.596
1.83333
44
6.61E­
54
0.016026
0.016026
0.0002671
11231.82
1.875
45
6.61E­
54
0.013386
0.013386
0.0002231
13446.88
1.91667
46
6.61E­
54
0.011181
0.011181
0.00018635
16098.88
1.95833
47
6.61E­
54
0.009339
0.009339
0.00015565
19273.83
2
48
6.61E­
54
0.007801
0.007801
0.00013001
23074.82
8­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
0
to
8
hours)
23.85903
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
8
Inhalation
(
m3/
hr)
1
BW
(
kg)
60
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
3.181204
0­
hr
Re­
entry
interval
MOE
0.943039
8­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
2
to
10
hours)
16.64588
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
8
Inhalation
(
m3/
hr)
1
BW
(
kg)
60
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
2.21945
2­
hr
Re­
entry
interval
MOE
1.351686
Page
102
of
107
MCCEM
SUMMARY
REPORT
TITLE:
Hatchery
NOTES:
RUN
Day
Hour
Min
Length
Days
Hours
Min
Reporting
TIME
Start:
0
0
0
of
Run:
2
0
0
Interval:
60
minutes
HOUSE
Type:
Hypothetical
house
State:
NA
Code:
HY07
Season:
NA
Zones:
1
Infiltration
Rate:
4
ACH
EMISSIONS
Source
Zone
Type
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
SINKS
Sink
Zone
Model
Details
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯

1
2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITIES
Primary
Activity
Pattern
is
used
on
days:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
OVERRIDE
ACTIVITIES:
YES
DOSE
Events/
yr:
Yrs
of
Use:
Weight(
kg):
60
Length
of
Life(
yrs):

MONTE
CARLO:
NO
Number
of
Trials:
1
Seed
No:
Random
OPTIONS
Single
Chamber:
YES
Saturation
Concentration
(
mg/
m
³
)
:
NONE
Output
Concentration
Units:
mg/
m
³

Initial
Concentrations
Units:
g/
m
³
Zone
1:
0.394
Zone
2:
0
Zone
3:
0
Zone
4:
0
Outdoors:
0
RESULTS
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
¯
LADD:
0.0055252
mg/(
kg
day)
LADC:
0.01105
mg/
m
³
ADD:
0.0055252
mg/(
kg
day)
ADC:
0.01105
mg/
m
³
Single
Event
Dose:
121.08
mg
Peak
Concentration:
381.08
mg/
m
³
Page
103
of
107
APDR:
2.0181
mg/(
kg
day)
Time
when
APDR
occurred:
0.41701
days
Average
Inhalation
Rate:
30
m
³
/
day
Hatchery
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
0
0
0
394
0
6.5667
0.45685279
0.041667
1
5.80E­
53
7.21634
7.21634
0.1203
25
0.083333
2
5.91E­
53
0.132171
0.132171
0.0022
1362
0.125
3
5.91E­
53
0.002421
0.002421
0.0000
74356
0.166667
4
5.91E­
53
4.43E­
05
4.43E­
05
0.0000
4.06E+
06
0.208334
5
5.91E­
53
8.12E­
07
8.12E­
07
0.0000
2.22E+
08
0.25
6
5.91E­
53
1.49E­
08
1.49E­
08
0.0000
1.21E+
10
0.291667
7
5.91E­
53
2.72E­
10
2.72E­
10
0.0000
6.61E+
11
0.333334
8
5.91E­
53
4.99E­
12
4.99E­
12
0.0000
3.61E+
13
0.375
9
5.91E­
53
9.14E­
14
9.14E­
14
0.0000
1.97E+
15
0.416667
10
5.91E­
53
1.67E­
15
1.67E­
15
0.0000
1.08E+
17
0.458334
11
5.91E­
53
3.07E­
17
3.07E­
17
0.0000
5.87E+
18
0.5
12
5.91E­
53
5.61E­
19
5.61E­
19
0.0000
3.21E+
20
0.541667
13
5.91E­
53
1.03E­
20
1.03E­
20
0.0000
1.75E+
22
0.583334
14
5.91E­
53
1.88E­
22
1.88E­
22
0.0000
9.56E+
23
0.625
15
5.91E­
53
3.45E­
24
3.45E­
24
0.0000
5.22E+
25
0.666667
16
5.91E­
53
6.32E­
26
6.32E­
26
0.0000
2.85E+
27
0.708334
17
5.91E­
53
1.16E­
27
1.16E­
27
0.0000
1.56E+
29
0.750001
18
5.91E­
53
2.12E­
29
2.12E­
29
0.0000
8.49E+
30
0.791667
19
5.91E­
53
3.88E­
31
3.88E­
31
0.0000
4.64E+
32
0.833334
20
5.91E­
53
7.11E­
33
7.11E­
33
0.0000
2.53E+
34
0.875001
21
5.91E­
53
1.30E­
34
1.30E­
34
0.0000
1.38E+
36
0.916667
22
5.91E­
53
2.39E­
36
2.39E­
36
0.0000
7.55E+
37
0.958334
23
5.91E­
53
4.37E­
38
4.37E­
38
0.0000
4.12E+
39
1
24
5.91E­
53
8.00E­
40
8.00E­
40
0.0000
2.25E+
41
1.04167
25
5.91E­
53
1.47E­
41
1.47E­
41
0.0000
1.23E+
43
1.08333
26
5.91E­
53
2.68E­
43
2.68E­
43
0.0000
6.71E+
44
1.125
27
5.91E­
53
4.92E­
45
4.92E­
45
0.0000
3.66E+
46
1.16667
28
5.91E­
53
9.00E­
47
9.00E­
47
0.0000
2.00E+
48
1.20833
29
5.91E­
53
1.65E­
48
1.65E­
48
0.0000
1.09E+
50
1.25
30
5.91E­
53
3.03E­
50
3.03E­
50
0.0000
5.95E+
51
1.29167
31
5.91E­
53
6.12E­
52
6.12E­
52
0.0000
2.94E+
53
1.33333
32
5.91E­
53
6.92E­
53
6.92E­
53
0.0000
2.60E+
54
1.375
33
5.91E­
53
5.93E­
53
5.93E­
53
0.0000
3.04E+
54
1.41667
34
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.45833
35
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.5
36
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.54167
37
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.58333
38
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.625
39
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.66667
40
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.70833
41
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.75
42
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.79167
43
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
Page
104
of
107
Hatchery
Time
(
days)
Time
(
hours)
Conc
Outdoors
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc
Zone
1
(
mg/
m
³
)
Conc@
Person
(
mg/
m
³
)
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOE
1.83333
44
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.875
45
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.91667
46
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
1.95833
47
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
2
48
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
5.91E­
53
0.0000
3.05E+
54
8­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
0
to
8
hours)
44.59455
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
8
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
hr)
1
BW
(
kg)
60
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
5.94594
0­
hr
Re­
entry
interval
MOE
0.504546
8­
hr
Average
Exposure
Concentration
(
2
to
10
hours)
0.01496
Exposure
Time
(
hr)
8
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
hr)
1
BW
(
kg)
60
Dose
(
mg/
kg/
day)
0.001995
2­
hr
Re­
entry
interval
MOE
1504.045
Page
105
of
107
APPENDIX
E:
Calculation
of
DDAC
Unit
Exposure
Values
Page
106
of
107
Table
E­
1:
DDAC
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposure
Values
for
Chemical
Operators,
Graders,
Millwrights,
Clean­
up
Crews,
and
Trim
Saw
Operatorsa
Chemical
Operator
Grader
Trim
Saw
Operator
Millwright
Cleanup
Crew
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Dermal
Inhalation
Replicate
Number
Potential
exposure
(
mg)
Air
Concentrationb,

c
(:
g/
m3)
Potential
exposured
(
mg)
Potential
exposure
(
mg)
Air
Concentration
b,
c
(:
g/
m3)
Potential
exposure
d
(
mg)
Potential
exposure
(
mg)
Air
Concentration
b,
c
(:
g/
m3)
Potential
exposure
d
(
mg)
Potential
exposure
(
mg)
Air
Concentration
b,
c
(:
g/
m3)
Potential
exposure
d
(
mg)
Potential
exposure
(
mg)
Air
Concentration
b,
c
(:
g/
m3)
Potential
exposure
d
(
mg)

1
3.5
10.1
0.0808
3.05
2.90
0.0232
0.78
2.83
0.0227
1.31
2.92
0.0233
68.3
2.99145
0.0239
2
6.11
2.80
0.0224
7.47
2.93
0.0234
1.98
12.3
0.0984
29.08
2.83
0.0226
0.720
2.78840
0.0223
3
6.07
2.79
0.0223
1.09
2.91
0.0233
8.03
15.6
0.1248
166
30.3
0.2424
4
46.37
2.82
0.0226
10.51
3.00
0.0240
95.2
412
3.2960
5
0.94
2.93
0.0235
0.61
2.82
0.0226
1.20
2.83585
0.0227
6
22.15
2.83
0.0227
0.98
2.85
0.0228
0.260
2.80989
0.0225
7
21.45
2.77
0.0222
2.63
2.91
0.0233
8
0.22
2.73
0.0218
5.23
2.85
0.0228
9
0.44
2.77
0.0222
0.19
13.20
0.1056
10
0.33
3.14
0.0251
1.47
2.89
0.0231
11
0.29
2.88
0.0230
2.38
2.85
0.0228
12
4.09
2.81
0.0225
13
1.03
2.94
0.0235
Arithmetic
Mean
9.81
3.51
0.0281
3.13
3.68
0.0295
1.38
7.57
0.061
12.8
7.12
0.057
55.3
75.6
0.60
Minimum
0.22
2.73
0.0218
0.19
2.81
0.0225
0.78
2.83
0.0227
1.31
2.83
0.0226
0.260
2.79
0.0223
Maximum
46.4
10.1
0.081
10.51
13.2
0.106
1.98
12.3
0.098
29.1
15.6
0.125
166
412
3.30
a.
"
Measurement
and
Assessment
of
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
to
Didecyl
Dimethyl
Ammonium
Chloride
(
DDAC)
Used
in
the
Protection
of
Cut
Lumber
(
Phase
III)"
is
the
study
that
values
were
obtained
from
for
this
table
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999,
MRID
455243­
04).

b.
The
inhalation
LOD
was
not
provided
for
chemical
operators,
graders,
trim
saw
operators,
millwrights,
or
the
clean­
up
crew.
Therefore,
the
LOD
provided
for
the
diptank
operator
(
5.6
:
g)

was
used
for
these
positions.
Residues
less
than
the
LOD
were
adjusted
to
1/
2
LOD.

c.
The
inhalation
limit
of
detection
was
converted
to
:
g/
m3
using
the
following
equation:
air
concentration
(:
g/
m3)
=
5.6
:
g/
[
average
flow
rate
(
L/
min)
*
sampling
duration
(
480
min)
*
1000
L/
m3.
Data
was
obtained
from
Bestari
et
al
(
1999).

d.
DDAC
air
concentrations
were
converted
to
inhalation
exposure
using
the
following
equation:
Air
concentration
(:
g/
m3)
x
inhalation
rate
(
1.0
m3/
hr)
x
Conversion
factor
(
1
mg/
1000
:
g)
x
sample
duration
(
8
hours/
day
Page
107
of
107
Table
E­
2:
Normalization
of
DDAC
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposure
Values
for
Diptank
Operatorsa
Worker
ID
Mill
number
Sample
Time
(
min)
DDAC
Conc.
in
Diptank
(%)
Gloves
Dermal
Body
Exposureb
(
mg)
Hand
Exposureb
(
mg)
Total
Dermal
Exposure
(
mg)
Normalized
Total
Dermal
Unit
Exposurec
(
mg/
1
%
solution)
Air
Conc.
d
(
mg/
m3)
Inhalation
Exposuree
(
mg)
Normalized
Inhalation
Unit
Exposurec
(
mg
/
1%
solution)

M7P1A
7
480
0.64
Rubber
0.5
3.44
3.94
6.16
0.003
0.024
0.0375
M7P1B
7
480
0.64
Rubber
0.32
2.02
2.34
3.66
0.003
0.024
0.0375
M8P4A
8
408
0.42
Rubber
0.04f
1.34
1.38
3.29
0.003
0.024
0.057
M8P4B
8
480
0.42
Rubber
0.04f
0.5
0.54
1.29
0.003
0.024
0.057
M8P7
8
480
0.42
Cotton
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.17
0.003
0.024
0.057
M11P9A
11
395
0.63
Leather
0.15
3.33
3.48
5.52
0.003
0.024
0.0381
M11P9B
11
480
0.63
Leather
0.1
0.45
0.55
0.87
0.003
0.024
0.0381
Arithmetic
Mean
0.17
1.59
1.76
2.99
0.0030
0.0240
0.046
Standard
Deviation
0.18
1.39
1.53
2.32
0.0000
0.0000
0.0103
Median
0.10
1.34
1.38
3.29
0.0030
0.0240
0.0381
Geometric
Mean
0.10
0.83
0.99
1.86
0.0030
0.0240
0.045
90%
tile
0.39
3.37
3.66
5.78
0.0030
0.0240
0.057
Maximum
0.50
3.44
3.94
6.16
0.0030
0.0240
0.057
a.
"
Measurement
and
Assessment
of
Dermal
and
Inhalation
Exposures
to
Didecyl
Dimethyl
Ammonium
Chloride
(
DDAC)
Used
in
the
Protection
of
Cut
Lumber
(
Phase
III)"
is
the
study
that
values
were
obtained
from
for
this
table
(
Bestari
et
al.,
1999,
MRID
455243­
04).

b.
DDAC
concentration
that
was
detected
in
the
monitoring
study
(
MRID
#
455243­
04).

c.
Normalization
of
DDAC
data
for
percent
ai
treatment.
Normalized
Unit
Exposure
(
mg/
1%
ai
solution)
=
Exposure
(
mg
DDAC)
/
concentration
in
diptank
solution
(%
DDAC)

d.
All
inhalation
residues
were
<
LOD
(
5.6

g
or
0.0056
mg/
m3).
1/
2
LOD
was
used
in
all
calculations
(
0.003
mg/
m3).
Air
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)
=
5.6

g
/
(~
2
L/
min
flow
rate
x
~
480
min)
x
1000
L/
m3
conversion
x
0.001

g/
mg
=
0.003
mg/
m3
e.
Inhalation
exposure
(
mg)
=
air
concentration
(
mg/
m3)
x
inhalation
rate
(
1.0
m3/
hr)
x
sample
duration
(
8
hours/
day).

f.
Residues
were
<
LOD
for
dermal
samples
M8P4A,
M8P4B.
Sample
size
of
~
11,231
cm2
x
<
0.007
ug/
cm2
=
LOD
of
0.079
mg.
1/
2
LOD
reported
(
i.
e.,
0.04
mg)