Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0056-0046
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-01-27T05:00Z

Attachment
3
PROGRAM
FACTS
CONTACT
POINTS
Thomas
J.
Feeley,
III
Technology
Manager
Innovations
for
Existing
Plants
National
Energy
Technology
Laboratory
(
412)
386­
6134
thomas.
feeley@
netl.
doe.
gov
Scott
A.
Renninger
Project
Manager
National
Energy
Technology
Laboratory
(
304)
285­
4790
scott.
renninger@
netl.
doe.
gov
CUSTOMER
SERVICE
(
800)
553­
7681
WEBSITE
www.
netl.
doe.
gov/
products/
environment
ENVIRONMENTAL
AND
WATER
RESOURCES
PHASE
II
FIELD
TESTING
OF
ADVANCED
MERCURY
CONTROL
TECHNOLOGY
Background
The
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
EPA)
has
determined
that
regulation
of
mercury
emissions
from
coal­
fired
utilities
is
necessary.
Currently,
EPA
is
in
the
process
of
developing
maximum
achievable
control
technology
(
MACT)
regulations
for
new
and
existing
coal­
fired
electric
generating
units.
In
parallel
to
the
MACT
process,
several
proposed
legislative
measures
have
been
introduced
in
recent
sessions
of
Congress.

To
help
ensure
that
the
existing
fleet
of
coal­
fired
power
plants
can
meet
future
regulatory
requirements,
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Energy's
National
Energy
Technology
Laboratory
(
DOE/
NETL)
has
been
carrying
out
a
research
and
development
(
R&
D)
program
focused
on
the
control
of
mercury
emissions
from
coal­
based
power
systems.
Working
collaboratively
with
power
plant
operators,
the
Electric
Power
Research
Institute
(
EPRI),
academia,
state
and
local
agencies,
and
EPA
since
1990,
the
program
has
greatly
advanced
our
understanding
of
the
formation,
distribution,
and
capture
of
mercury
from
electric­
utility
boilers.
Continued
R&
D
is
necessary
in
order
to
bring
advanced
mercury
control
technology
to
the
point
that
they
are
ready
for
commercial
demonstration.

Program
Description
The
mercury
control
technology
research
activities
are
part
of
NETL's
Innovations
for
Existing
Plants
(
IEP)
Program.
The
IEP
Program
seeks
to
create
technology
options
that
will
enable
the
current
fleet
of
coal­
fired
power
plants
to
cost­
effectively
comply
with
future
environmental
regulations.
The
mercury
program
is
directed
at
the
development
of
a
broad
suite
of
low­
cost
control
options
to
respond
to
future
regulatory
decisions.
The
near­
term
goal
is
to
develop
mercury
control
technologies
that
can
achieve
50
to
70%
mercury
capture
at
costs
ranging
from
$
30,000
to
$
45,000
per
pound
or
less.
These
technologies
would
be
available
for
commercial
demonstration
by
2005
for
bituminous
plants
and
2007
for
lignite
and
subbituminous
coal
plants.
The
longer­
term
goal
is
to
develop
advanced
mercury
control
technologies
to
achieve
90%
or
greater
capture
and
would
be
available
for
commercial
demonstration
by
2010.

In
support
of
the
near­
term
goal,
DOE/
NETL
selected
eight
new
projects
in
September
2003
to
test
mercury
control
technologies
at
coal­
fired
power
plants.
The
projects
will
focus
on
longer­
term,
large­
scale
field
tests
on
a
broad
range
of
coal­
rank
and
air
pollution
control
device
configurations
(
See
Table
1).
These
tests
will
provide
important
information
on
mercury
removal
effectiveness,
cost,
and
the
potential
impacts
on
plant
operations
including
by­
product
characteristics.
A
second
round
of
proposals
will
be
due
by
the
end
of
April
2004.
DOE/
NETL
intends
for
the
second
round
to
focus
on
technologies
for
power
plants
that
burn
Powder
River
Basin
coal,
Texas
lignite,
or
coal
blends.
The
following
provides
a
brief
summary
of
each
of
the
eight
projects.

Phase
II
Mercury
Control
Project
Summaries
Evaluation
of
Sorbent
Injection
for
Mercury
Control
­
ADA
Environmental
Solutions,
LLC
(
ADA­
ES),
Littleton,
Colorado,
will
evaluate
sorbent
injection
to
remove
mercury
for
a
variety
of
coal
and
air
pollution
control
equipment
configurations.
Testing
will
be
conducted
at
four
power
plants:
(
1)
Sunflower
Electric's
Holcomb
Station
that
burns
a
blend
of
subbituminous
Powder
River
Basin
(
PRB)
and
bituminous
coal;
(
2)
Ontario
Power's
Nanticoke
Station
that
burns
a
blend
of
PRB
and
bituminous
coal;
AmerenUE's
Meramec
Station
that
burns
PRB
coal;
and
(
4)
American
Electric
Power's
(
AEP)
Conesville
Station
that
burns
bituminous
coal.
The
research
team
also
includes
Alstom
Power,
EPRI,
Western
Fuels
Association,
and
Norit
Americas.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Scott
Renninger
(
scott.
renninger@
netl.
doe.
gov)

Table
1
­
DOE/
NETL
Phase
II
Mercury
Control
Projects
Project
Title
Lead
Company
Preliminary
Test
Schedule*
Host
Utility
Test
Location
Coal
Rank
PM
FGD
3/
04
­
6/
04
Sunflower
Electric
Holcomb
PRB/
Bit.
Blend
FF
SDA
8/
05
­
11/
05
Ontario
Power
Nanticoke
PRB/
Bit.
Blend
ESP
­­­

8/
04
­
11/
04
AmerenUE
Meramec
PRB
ESP
­­­

3/
05
­
6/
05
AEP
Conesville
Bit.
ESP
Wet
FGD
Amended
Silicates
for
Mercury
Control
Amended
Silicates
9/
04
­
10/
04
Cinergy
Miami
Fort
6
Bit.
ESP
­­­

Southern
Yates
1
Bit.
ESP
Wet
FGD
Southern
Yates
2
Bit.
ESP
w/
NH3/
SO3
­­­

6/
04
­
7/
05
TXU
Monticello
3
TX
Lignite
ESP
Wet
FGD
2/
05
­
3/
06
Duke
Marshall
Bit.
ESP
­­­

2/
04
­
8/
04
Great
River
Energy
Stanton
10
ND
Lignite
FF
SDA
1/
05
­
6/
05
Southern
Yates
1
Bit.
ESP
Wet
FGD
4/
04
­
6/
04
Basin
Electric
Leland
Olds
1
ND
Lignite
ESP
­­­

9/
04
­
10/
04
Great
River
Energy
Stanton
10
ND
Lignite
FF
SDA
4/
05
­
6/
05
Basin
Electric
Antelope
Valley
1
ND
Lignite
FF
SDA
4/
04
­
5/
04
Great
River
Energy
Stanton
1
ND
Lignite
ESP
­­­

6/
05
­
8/
05
Minnkota
Power
Milton
R.
Young
2
ND
Lignite
ESP
Wet
FGD
8/
05
­
9/
05
TXU
Monticello
3
TX
Lignite
ESP
Wet
FGD
1/
05
­
4/
05
Duke
Buck
Bit.
Hot
ESP
­­­

6/
04
­
9/
04
Detroit
Edison
St.
Clair
Bit./
PRB
blend
ESP
­­­
3/
04
&
9/
04
­
10/
04
Advanced
Utility
Mercury­
Sorbent
Field­
Testing
Program
Sorbent
Technolgies
Enhancing
Carbon
Reactivity
in
Mercury
Control
in
Lignite­
Fired
Systems
UNDEERC
Mercury
Oxidation
Upstream
of
an
ESP
and
Wet
FGD
UNDEERC
Pilot
Testing
of
Mercury
Oxidation
Catalysts
for
Upstream
of
Wet
FGD
Systems
URS
Group
Evaluation
of
MerCAP
for
Power
Plant
Mercury
Control
URS
Group
Evaluation
of
Sorbent
Injection
for
Mercury
Control
ADA­
ES
Sorbent
Injection
for
Small
ESP
Mercury
Control
URS
Group
*
These
are
preliminary
test
schedules
subject
to
change
based
on
plant
availability.
Mercury
and
Coal
By­
Products
Because
mercury
is
highly
volatile,
nearly
all
of
the
mercury
in
coal
vaporizes
in
the
boiler
and
exits
in
the
flue
gas.
Existing
air
pollution
control
devices
can
provide
some
degree
of
mercury
control
and
captured
mercury
may
reside
at
trace
levels
in
combustion
by­
products
such
as
fly
ash
and
FGD
material.
While
the
use
of
sorbent
and
oxidation
technologies
for
mercury
control
can
reduce
stack
mercury
emissions,
more
mercury
may
partition
to
the
solid
by­
products.

Coal­
fired
power
plants
generate
large
volumes
of
solid
by­
products,
which
can
present
significant
disposal
issues.
The
American
Coal
Ash
Association
estimates
that
the
electric
utility
industry
generated
more
than
117
million
tons
of
by­
products
in
2001.
In
addition,
future
SO2
regulations
may
result
in
even
greater
quantities
of
byproducts
being
generated
due
to
the
installation
of
wet
scrubbers.

While
almost
one­
third
of
the
total
amount
of
by­
products
presently
generated
is
beneficially
reused,
the
remaining
two­
third
is
disposed
of
in
landfills
or
surface
impoundments.
The
regulation
and
subsequent
control
of
mercury
emissions
from
coal­
fired
power
plants
could
lead
to
additional
scrutiny
of
current
by­
product
re­
use
activities
and
long­
term
management
practices.

In
recognition
of
the
potential
impact
of
mercury
regulations
on
by­
product
use
and
disposal,
DOE/
NETL
will
evaluate
the
leaching
and
volatilization
of
mercury
from
the
Phase
II
field
testing
byproducts
Amended
Silicates
for
Mercury
Control
­
Amended
Silicates,
LLC
(
a
joint
venture
of
ADA
Technologies,
Inc.
and
CH2M
Hill),
Littleton,
CO,
will
test
a
new
non­
carbon
sorbent,
Amended
SilicatesTM,
which
could
provide
cost
effective
mercury
capture
while
avoiding
adverse
impacts
on
fly
ash
sales.
Testing
will
be
conducted
at
Cinergy's
175
MW
Miami
Fort
Unit
6
that
burns
bituminous
coal.
The
research
team
also
includes
the
University
of
North
Dakota
Energy
&
Environmental
Research
Center,
Western
Kentucky
University,
and
Boral
Materials
Technologies.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Scott
Renninger
(
scott.
renninger@
netl.
doe.
gov)

Sorbent
Injection
for
Small
ESP
Mercury
Control
­
URS
Group,
Inc.
(
URS),
Austin,
Texas,
will
test
sorbent
injection
technology
upstream
of
a
small
collection
area
ESP.
Previous
full­
scale
sorbent
injection
tests
have
involved
relatively
large
ESPs,
but
more
than
60
percent
of
the
industry
is
equipped
with
ESPs
having
small
size
collection
areas.
Testing
will
be
conducted
at
Southern
Company's
Plant
Yates
Unit
1
&
2
that
burn
bituminous
coal.
Other
team
members
include
ADA­
ES
and
EPRI.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Dawn
Chapman
(
dawn.
chapman@
netl.
doe.
gov)

Pilot
Testing
of
Mercury
Oxidation
Catalysts
for
Upstream
of
Wet
FGD
Systems
­
URS
will
conduct
pilot­
scale
testing
of
fixed­
bed
catalysts
to
oxidize
elemental
mercury
in
order
to
increase
overall
mercury
capture
in
downstream
wet
FGD
systems.
Four
catalyst
materials
are
scheduled
to
be
tested
including:
palladium,
titanium/
vanadium,
gold,
and
carbon.
Testing
will
be
conducted
at
two
plants:
(
1)
TXU's
Monticello
Station
Unit
3
that
burns
Texas
lignite;
and
(
2)
Duke
Energy's
Marshall
Station
that
burns
low­
sulfur
bituminous
coal.
The
research
team
also
includes
EPRI,
Great
River
Energy,
and
City
Public
Service
of
San
Antonio.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Bruce
Lani
(
bruce.
lani@
netl.
doe.
gov)

Evaluation
of
MerCAP
for
Power
Plant
Mercury
Control
­
URS
will
test
EPRI's
Mercury
Control
via
Adsorption
Process
(
MerCAPTM)
technology.
The
process
involves
placing
a
regenerable,
fixed­
structure
gold
sorbent
into
the
flue
gas
stream
to
capture
mercury.
Testing
will
be
conducted
at
Great
River
Energy's
lignite­
fired
Stanton
Station
and
at
Southern
Company's
bituminous­
fired
Plant
Yates.
At
Stanton
Unit
10,
MerCAP
sorbent
structures
will
be
retrofitted
into
a
single
compartment
of
the
fabric
filter
baghouse
equivalent
to
a
6
MW
demonstration.
At
Plant
Yates
Unit
1,
MerCAP
sorbent
structures
will
be
configured
as
a
mist
eliminator
located
downstream
of
a
1
MW
pilot­
scale
wet
FGD
absorber.
The
research
team
also
includes
Apogee
Scientific,
EPRI,
ADA­
ES,
and
North
Dakota
Industrial
Commission.
NETL
Project
Manager:
William
Aljoe
(
william.
aljoe@
netl.
doe.
gov)
Partners
ADA
Environmental
Solutions
ADA
Technologies
Alstom
Power
Amended
Silicates
Apogee
Scientific
Babcock
&
Wilcox
Boral
Materials
Technologies
CH2M
Hill
EPRI
Fuel
Tech
Lignite
Consortium
Norit
Americas
North
Dakota
Industrial
Commission
PS
Analytical
Sorbent
Technologies
Spectra
Gases
Stock
Equipment
UNDEERC
URS
Group
Western
Fuels
Association
Western
Kentucky
University
Enhancing
Carbon
Reactivity
in
Mercury
Control
in
Lignite­
Fired
Systems
­
University
of
North
Dakota
Energy
&
Environmental
Research
Center
(
UNDEERC),
Grand
Forks,
North
Dakota,
will
test
enhancements
to
activated
carbon
sorbent
injection
to
increase
mercury
capture
for
plants
burning
low­
rank
lignite
coals.
Lignite
produces
higher
levels
of
elemental
mercury,
which
is
more
difficult
to
remove.
Two
different
technology
approaches
will
be
evaluated:
(
1)
injection
of
chlorine­
based
additives
in
conjunction
with
activated
carbon
sorbents,
and
(
2)
injection
of
chemically
treated
activated
carbon
sorbents.
The
first
approach
will
be
tested
at
Basin
Electric's
210
MW
Leland
Olds
Station
Unit
1
and
the
440
MW
Antelope
Valley
Station
Unit
1.
The
second
approach
will
be
tested
at
Great
River
Energy's
140
MW
Stanton
Station
Unit
1
and
the
60
MW
Stanton
Station
Unit
10.
The
research
team
also
includes
URS,
ADAES
B&
W,
EPRI,
NDIC,
and
the
Lignite
Consortium.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Lynn
Brickett
(
lynn.
brickett@
netl.
doe.
gov)

Mercury
Oxidation
Upstream
of
an
ESP
and
Wet
FGD
­
UNDEERC
will
test
the
effectiveness
of
using
chlorine­
based
additives
without
supplemental
sorbent
injection
to
increase
mercury
oxidation
and
therefore
enhance
mercury
capture
at
lignite­
fired
plants
equipped
with
an
ESP
and
wet
FGD.
Testing
will
be
conducted
at
Minnkota
Power
Cooperative's
Milton
R.
Young
Unit
2
that
burns
North
Dakota
lignite
and
TXU's
Monticello
Unit
3
that
burns
Texas
lignite.
The
research
team
also
includes
URS,
ADA­
ES,
B&
W,
EPRI,
NDIC,
and
the
Lignite
Consortium.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Andrew
O'Palko
(
andrew.
opalko@
netl.
doe.
gov)

Advanced
Utility
Mercury
Sorbent
Field­
Testing
Program
­
Sorbent
Technologies
Corporation,
Twinsburg,
Ohio,
will
test
an
advanced
halogenated
activated
carbon
sorbent
that
can
be
used
as
a
cost­
effective
alternative
to
commercial
activated
carbon
injection
for
mercury
capture.
A
short­
term
trial
of
the
halogenated
sorbent
was
conducted
at
Duke
Energy's
Cliffside
Plant
that
is
equipped
with
a
hot­
side
ESP.
Longerterm
testing
will
be
conducted
at
Duke
Energy's
140
MW
Buck
Plant
that
burns
low­
sulfur
bituminous
coal
and
at
Detroit
Edison's
80
MW
St.
Clair
Station
that
burns
a
blend
of
PRB
and
bituminous
coal.
Other
team
members
include
Fuel
Tech,
Western
Kentucky
University's
Combustion
Laboratory,
PS
Analytical,
Spectra
Gases,
and
Stock
Equipment
Company.
NETL
Project
Manager:
Jose
Figueroa
(
jose.
figueroa@
netl.
doe.
gov)