Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0662-0005
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2019-05-02T04:00Z

Risk and Technology Review - 
                                       
                       Analysis of Demographic Factors 
                         For Populations Living Near 
             Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing
                         Source Categories Operations 
                                       
                                 Prepared by:

                             SC&A Incorporated
                                       
                         501 Eastowne Drive, Suite 250
                            Chapel Hill, NC  27514
                                       
                                       
                                       
                         EPA Contract No. EP-W-12-011
                           Work Assignment No. 4-09
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                 Prepared for:
                                       
                 Terri Hollingsworth, Work Assignment Manager
                 Ted Palma, Alternate Work Assignment Manager
                          Air Toxics Assessment Group
                   Health and Environmental Impacts Division
                 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                                       
                                       
                                       

                                       
                                       
                               February 16, 2018
	Disclaimer

            Although the analysis described in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under contract EP-W-12-011 to SC&A Incorporated (previously EC/R Inc.), it has not been subject to the Agency's review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
                                   Contents

1.	Introduction	1

2.	Census Data	2

3.	Calculation Methods	3
3.1	Total Population Risks	4
3.2	Race/Ethnicity and Age Categories	5
3.3	Level of Education	5
3.4	Poverty Level	6
3.5	Linguistic Isolation	6

4.	Results	7
4.1	Proximity Demographics	7
4.2	Cancer Risk Demographics	8
4.3	Noncancer Risk Demographics	8

5.	Uncertainty Discussion	10

Appendix A	A-1
Appendix B	B-1
Appendix C	C-1
Appendix D	D-1

 Introduction

	This document provides summary results and describes the approach used to evaluate the potential cancer and noncancer risks associated with inhalation of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) by different socio-economic demographic groups within the population living near asphalt processing and asphalt roofing manufacturing facilities in the United States (U.S.). This work was done in support of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Residual Risk and Technology Review (RTR) for the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories emissions subject to rules and guidelines contained in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart LLLLL. 

	In the RTR analysis, the Human Exposure Model, Version 3 (HEM-3)[,][,] was used to estimate cancer and noncancer risks due to the inhalation of HAP for populations residing within 50 kilometers (km) of Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations (the HEM-3 model domain). HEM-3 estimates cancer and noncancer risks at the level of census blocks using the AERMOD state-of-the-art air dispersion model developed under the direction of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) / EPA Regulatory Model Improvement Committee (AERMIC). Each census block typically includes approximately 50 people. Additional information is available in the dockets for the rules and guidelines contained in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart LLLLL.

	The current analysis used EPA's Environmental Justice (EJ) Risk and Proximity Analysis Tool ("EJ Tool") to link HEM-3/AERMOD modeling results for the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories with detailed census data, in order to evaluate the distribution of cancer and noncancer risks for different demographic factors (including racial, ethnic, age, economic, educational, and linguistically isolated population categories). In addition to evaluating risk distribution, this analysis also presents the demographic composition of the population located within close proximity (5 km) and within the overall HEM-3/AERMOD model domain (50 km) of emissions from the source categories (irrespective of risk). The following demographic groups were included in this risk and proximity analysis:
 Total population;
 White;
 Minority;
 African American (or Black);
 Native Americans;
 Other races and multiracial;
 Hispanic or Latino;
 Children 17 years of age and under;
 Adults 18 to 64 years of age;
 Adults 65 years of age and over;
 Adults without a high school diploma;
 People living below the poverty level;
 People living below two times the poverty level; and
 Linguistically isolated people.
      
	The HEM-3/AERMOD results, for a particular census block, reflect the estimated level of cancer or noncancer risk that would be experienced by an individual residing within the block boundaries for 70 years. In this analysis, the demographic composition of the population, estimated to experience a cancer risk greater than or equal to 1-in-1 million and a noncancer hazard index greater than 1 from inhalation of emissions from the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories, is compared to the demographic composition of the overall nationwide population.

	The total population statistics near facilities in the source categories, irrespective of risk (i.e., at all risk levels) are also provided. In this analysis, the demographic composition of the population in close proximity to operations of the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories (within 5 km) and within the model domain (50 km) is compared to the demographic composition of the nationwide population.

	The census data used in this analysis is described in Section 2. The algorithms used to compute the risk distributions for the total population and for each demographic category analyzed are presented in Section 3. The summary results of this analysis are presented in Section 4. The Appendices contain the detailed demographic results on which the summary results are based. 
 Census Data

	For cancer and noncancer risk modeling, HEM-3/AERMOD uses the decennial census data from tables in the 2010 Census Summary File 1 (SF1). The decennial census population data are provided at the census block level. 

	For the demographic analysis, statistics on total population, race, ethnicity, age, education level, low household income, poverty status and linguistic isolation are obtained from working files compiled in EPA's Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool, EJSCREEN. The data compiled in EJSCREEN are originally derived from the Census' American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year averages for 2010-2014. These data are provided at the block group level. A census block contains about 50 people on average; and a block group contains about 28 blocks on average, or about 1,400 people.

	Table 1 summarizes the census data used in the analysis, showing the source of each dataset and the level of geographic resolution. 

     Table 1.  Summary of Census Data used to Analyze Risks for Different 
                              Demographic Groups
Type of population category
Source of data
Level of geographic resolution
Total population (HEM-3 risk analysis)
2010 Census SF1
Census block
Total population (Demographic analysis)
ACS Table B03002 
Block group
Race/ethnicity categories
ACS Table B03002
Block group
Age groups
ACS Table B01001
Block group
Level of education - adults 25 years and older without a high school diploma
EJSCREEN_Full_V3_USPR 
Block group
Individuals living in households earning 	below the poverty level
ACS Table B17002
Block group
Individuals living in households earning 	below two times the poverty level
ACS Table C17002
Block group
Linguistically isolated people
EJSCREEN_Full_V3_USPR 
Block group
 Calculation Methods

	HEM-3/AERMOD models the cancer risk and noncancer hazard index ("risk") at a point near the geographic center of each census block and optionally at user-defined receptors representing populations located within each census block. For the current analysis, these risk estimates are assumed to apply to all individuals residing in the census block. The EJ Tool uses the modeled census block and census block group identification codes to link the HEM-3/ AERMOD modeling results for each census block to the appropriate ACS and EJSCREEN census block group demographic statistics. This allows us to estimate the number of people in different demographic categories for each census block modeled by HEM-3/AERMOD.

	For the demographic analysis, the total nationwide population is determined by summing the total population of all census block groups in the Census' ACS 5-year average for 2010-2014 ("2014 ACS"). The demographic characteristics of the population potentially impacted by operations from the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories is determined by applying the characteristics of a census block group to the HEM-3 modeled census block populations located within that block group. For the purposes of this analysis, the demographic characteristics of a given block group  -  that is, the percentage of people in different races/ethnicities, the percentage in different age groups, the percentage without a high school diploma, the percentage at certain low income levels and the percentage that are linguistically isolated  -  are presumed to also describe each block located within that block group. 

	Section 3.1 describes the calculation method used to estimate the total population exposed to different risk levels. Sections 3.2 through 3.5 describe calculation methods used to compute risks for racial, ethnic, age, education status, low household income, poverty status, and linguistic isolation demographic categories. The detailed results from the application of these calculation methods are provided in the tables included in the Appendices. 
    Total Population Risks

	The calculation of risk distributions for the total population in this analysis involved a block-by-block accumulation of people at various risk levels. We began by identifying a set of bins reflecting the level of risk. The population of each block was then assigned to the appropriate risk bin based on the HEM-3/AERMOD modeled risk level in the block. The numbers of people in each risk bin were then added together for all of the blocks modeled for the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories. 

	H(Rab) = ∑i[(][Ra<=Ri][<][Rb][)] [N(i)]	(1)
where: 

	H(Rab) =	the population count for risk bin Rab, which is between Ra and Rb 
	Ri =	the modeled risk level in block "í" (estimated lifetime cases of cancer per million population)
	∑i[(][Ra<=Ri][<][Rb][)]	refers to the summation over all blocks i where Ri falls in bin Rab, between Ra and Rb 
	N(i) =	the number of people in block i

The average risk for the total population was then calculated using the following equation:

		A(s) = ∑i [N(i) x Ri] ∕ ∑i [N(i)]	(2)
where:
	A(s) =	the average risk for the population in the modeling domain (estimated lifetime cases of cancer per million population)
	∑i	refers to the summation over all blocks "í" modeled for the emission source category
	N(i) and Ri 	were defined above 

These risk bins, populations within each risk bin and average risk results are shown in the tables presented in the Appendices.
    Race/Ethnicity and Age Categories

	Table B03002 of the 2010-2014 ACS data provides race/ethnicity statistics for each census block group nationwide. Table B01001 provides age statistics for the population by ranges (in years) for each census block group nationwide. For each modeled census block in this analysis, the race/ethnicity (White, African American, Native American, Multiracial/Other and Hispanic or Latino) and age range (0-17, 18-64 and >=65 years) for that block is estimated based on the demographic information provided at the block group level, as follows:

		N(s,b/bg) =  N(t,b/bg) x N(s,bg) ∕ N(t,bg)	
where:

	N(s,b/bg) =	number of people in racial/ethnic or age subgroup "s", in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(t,b/bg) =	total number of people in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(s,bg) =	number of people in racial/ethnic or age subgroup "s", in a block group "bg"
	N(t,bg) =	total number of people in block group "bg"

Equation (1) was then used to generate risk distributions based on the block-level results, and Equation (2) was used to compute the average risk for people in each racial/ethnic or age subgroup. 

The detailed risk results based on race/ethnicity and age demographic categories are presented in the Appendices in the Racial and Ethnic Groups and in the Different Age Groups tables.
    Level of Education

	Table EJSCREEN_Full_V3_USPR, which was derived from the 2010-2014 ACS data, provides education attainment statistics for each census block group nationwide. For each modeled census block in this analysis, the number of people 25-years and older without a high school diploma is estimated based on the demographic information provided at the block group level, as follows:

		N(nhs,b/bg) =  N(t,b/bg) x N(nhs,bg) ∕ N(t,bg)	
where:

	N(nhs,b/bg) =	number of people 25-years and older without a high school diploma "nhs", in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(t,b/bg) =	total number of people in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(nhs,bg) =	number of people 25-years and older without a high school diploma "nhs", in a block group "bg"
	N(t,bg) =	total number of people in block group "bg"
Equation (1) was then used to generate risk distributions based on the block-level results, and Equation (2) was used to compute the average risk for adults without a high school diploma. 

The detailed risk results based on the attained level of education demographic category are presented in the Appendices in the Adults without a High School Diploma tables.
       Poverty Level

	Tables B17002 and C17002 of the 2010-2014 ACS data provide the following two income statistics related to the poverty level for each census block group nationwide: individuals living in households earning incomes below the poverty level and individuals living in households earning incomes below two times the poverty level, respectively. For each modeled census block in this analysis, the block's household income level is estimated based on the demographic information provided at the block group level, as follows:

	N(hi,b/bg) =  N(t,b/bg) x N(hi,bg) ∕ N(t,bg)

where "hi" indicates household income, whether below the poverty level or below two times the poverty level, depending on the statistic, and:

	N(hi,b/bg) = 	number of people living in low income households "hi" relative to the poverty level, in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(t,b/bg) =	total number of people in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(hi,bg) =	number of people living in low income households "hi" relative to the poverty level, in a block group "bg"
	N(t,bg) =	total number of people in block group "bg"

Equation (1) was then used to generate risk distributions based on the block-level results, and Equation (2) was used to compute the average risk for people living in low income households. 

The detailed risk results based on poverty level are presented in the Appendices in the People Living in Households Below Two Times the Poverty Level and Below the Poverty Level tables.
    Linguistic Isolation 

      Linguistic Isolation is defined by EJSCREEN as "a household in which all members age 14 years and over speak a non-English language and also speak English less than "very well" (have difficulty with English)." Table EJSCREEN_Full_V3_USPR, which was derived from the 2010-2014 ACS data, provides the number of households in linguistic isolation in each block group. For each modeled census block in this analysis, the number of people living in linguistic isolation is estimated based on the demographic information provided at the block group level, as follows: 

		N(li,b/bg) =  N(t,b/bg) x N(li,bg) ∕ N(t,bg)	

where:

	N(li,b/bg) =	number of people living in linguistic isolation "li", in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(t,b/bg) =	total number of people in block "b" of block group "bg"
	N(li,bg) =	number of people living in linguistic isolation "li", in block group "bg"
	N(t,bg) =	total number of people in block group "bg"

Equation (1) was then used to generate risk distributions based on the block-level results, and Equation (2) was used to compute the average risk for people living in linguistically isolated households. 

The detailed risk results based on the linguistically isolated demographic category are presented in the Appendices in the People Living in Linguistic Isolation tables.

      Results
	The demographics of the population within close proximity to the modeled facilities is presented in Section 4.1. The demographics of the population surrounding the modeled facilities at various levels of cancer and noncancer risk from source category emissions are presented in Sections 4.2 and 4.3.
 Proximity Demographics

	The proximity results describe the demographics of the population surrounding the modeled facilities irrespective of risk. Table 2 presents the demographic composition of the population located within close proximity (5 km) and within the overall HEM-3/AERMOD model domain (50 km) of the source category emissions, irrespective of risk. For context, Table 2 also provides the nationwide percentages of these various demographic groups. The detailed demographic results used to create Table 2 can be found in the Appendices.

	The proximity results presented in Table 2 indicate that the population percentages for certain demographic groups within 5 km of Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations are greater than the corresponding nationwide percentages for those same demographics. The demographic percentage for populations residing within 5 km of Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations is 11 percentage points greater than its corresponding nationwide percentage for the African American population (23% for the source categories compared to 12% nationwide). Additionally, the demographic percentage for populations residing within 5 km of Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations is slightly greater than the corresponding nationwide percentage for the following demographics: 4 percentage points greater for the other and multiracial population (11% for the source categories compared to 7% nationwide); 3 percentage points greater for the minority population (41% for the source categories compared to 38% nationwide); 2 percentage points greater for people aged 0 to 17 (25% for the source categories compared to 23% nationwide); 2 percentage points greater for people living below the poverty level (16% for the source categories compared to 14% nationwide); 1 percentage point greater for people aged 18 to 64 (64% for the source categories compared to 63% nationwide); and 0.3 percentage points greater for the Native American population (1.1% for the source categories compared to 0.8% nationwide). The remaining demographic group percentages within 5 km of Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations were the same or less than the corresponding nationwide percentages.
 Cancer Risk Demographics

	The demographic composition of the population (if any) at a lifetime cancer risk greater than or equal to 1-in-1 million from inhalation of emissions associated with Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations is shown in Table 2. The cancer risk results shown are based on the standard HEM-3/AERMOD domain of a 50 km radius around each modeled facility. The detailed demographic risk results used to create Table 2 can be found in Appendix A (based on 50 km). Appendix B provides similar results based on a 5 km radius, although these closer proximity results were used primarily to inform the proximity analysis (irrespective of risk) described in Section 4.1. 

	The results of the risk analysis presented in Table 2 indicate that there are no people within a 50-km radius of modeled facilities exposed to a cancer risk greater than or equal to 1-in-1 million as a result of emissions from Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations.
 Noncancer Risk Demographics

	The demographic composition of the population (if any) at a noncancer respiratory hazard index (HI) greater than 1 from inhalation of emissions associated with Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories operations is shown in Table 2. The noncancer risk (i.e., maximum HI) results shown are based on the standard HEM-3/AERMOD domain of a 50 km radius around each modeled facility. The detailed demographic HI results used to create Table 2 can be found in Appendix C (based on 50 km). Appendix D provides similar results based on a 5 km radius, although these closer proximity results were used primarily to inform the proximity analysis (irrespective of risk) described in Section 4.1. 

	The results of the risk analysis presented in Table 2 indicate that there are no people within a 50-km radius of modeled facilities exposed to a noncancer risk (in this analysis, Respiratory HI) greater than 1 as a result of emissions from Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing source categories. 
Table 2.  Summary of Demographic Assessment for the Asphalt Processing and Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                               Population Basis
                                   Parameter
                               Demographic Group

                                       
                                     Total
                                  Minority[1]
                               African 
American
                               Native 
American
                             Other and
Multiracial
                              Hispanic
or Latino
                                 Ages 0 
to 17
                                Ages 18 
to 64
                                Ages 65 
and up
                         Over 25 Without a HS Diploma
                            Below the Poverty Level
                                       
                                       
                             Linguistic Isolation
Nationwide 
                                      n/a
                                  317,746,049
                                      38%
                                      12%
                                     0.8%
                                      7%
                                      18%
                                      23%
                                      63%
                                      14%
                                      14%
                                      14%
                                      6%

                                   Proximity
            Population Surrounding the Source Category Emissions[2]
                                Source Category
                                (8 facilities)
                    Within HEM-3 Model Domain       (50 km)
                                   6,786,250
                                      27%
                                      14%
                                     0.5%
                                      7%
                                      5%
                                      23%
                                      64%
                                      13%
                                      10%
                                      12%
                                      2%
                                Source Category
                     Within close proximity        (5 km)
                                    261,165
                                      41%
                                      23%
                                     1.1%
                                      11%
                                      6%
                                      25%
                                      64%
                                      11%
                                      12%
                                      16%
                                      3%

                         Maximum 
Risk 
(in 1 million)
    Population With Cancer Risk Greater Than or Equal to 1-in-1 million[3]
                                Source Category
                                      0.7
                                       0
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Maximum 
Hazard Index
                                (Respiratory) 
               Population With Noncancer Risk Greater Than 1[4]
                                Source Category
                                      0.1
                                       0
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
                                      0%
Notes:
1 Minority population is the total population minus the white population.
[2] Proximity population statistics are provided irrespective of cancer and noncancer risk.
3 Population statistics based on cancer risk are for the population residing within the HEM-3/AERMOD model domain (50 km radius from modeled facility centers) with cancer risk estimated to be greater than or equal to 1-in-1 million.
[4] Population statistics based on noncancer risk (maximum hazard index) are for the population residing within the HEM-3/AERMOD model domain (50-km radius from modeled facility centers) with noncancer risk estimated to be greater than 1.

 Uncertainty Discussion
      
	Our analysis of the distribution of risks across various demographic groups is subject to the typical uncertainties associated with census data (e.g., errors in filling out and transcribing census forms), which are generally thought to be small, as well as the additional uncertainties associated with the extrapolation of census block group data down to the census block level.  

	The uncertainties in these risk estimates include the same uncertainties in emissions data sets, in air dispersion modeling, in inhalation exposure and in dose response relationships that are associated with our source category risk estimates.

	The methodology for our demographic analyses combines EPA's RTR methodology using HEM-3/AERMOD risk results with EJSCREEN demographic data. While this is our best attempt to provide useful information now, our thinking is continuously advancing. The EPA has developed technical guidance for environmental justice analyses. We present these analyses, with their associated uncertainties, to EPA decision makers and the public as additional analyses to inform RTR decisions. 

                                       
                                  Appendix A

        Demographic Cancer Risk Results within the HEM-3 Model Domain 
                 (50 kilometers) of Source Category Emissions
Table A-1. Distribution of Cancer Risk for Racial and Ethnic Groups - 50 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                         Number of People within 50 km

        of any Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
                                     White
                               African American
                                Native American
                             Other and Multiracial
                             Hispanic or Latino[c]
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                       

    0  to  <    1   
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,978,702
                                                                        956,676
                                                                         33,657
                                                                        444,729
                                                                        372,487
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,978,702
                                                                        956,676
                                                                         33,657
                                                                        444,729
                                                                        372,487
Average Risk  (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.006
                                                                           0.01
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.008
Notes:

[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration and not adjusted for 
exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by race are based on demographic information at the census block group level.   
[c]In order to avoid double counting, the "Hispanic or Latino" category is treated as a distinct racial/ethnic category for these analyses. A person is identified as one of five racial/ethnic categories above: White, African American, Native American, Other and Multiracial, or Hispanic/Latino.
                                       
Table A-2.  Distribution of Cancer Risk for Different Age Groups - 50 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                       Number of People within 50 km of

         any Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
                                 Age (Years)  
                                     0 -17
                                 Age (Years) 
                                     18-64
                             Age (Years)  >= 65
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
 
 
 
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,573,315
                                                                      4,311,790
                                                                        901,145
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,573,315
                                                                      4,311,790
                                                                        901,145
Average Risk  (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
Notes:
 
 
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration
and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by age are based on age data at the census block group level. 
                                       
Table A-3.  Distribution of Cancer Risk for Adults without a High School Diploma - 50 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                     Number of People within 50 km of any

            Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
                           Number >=25 Years Old
            Number >= 25 Years Old without a High School Diploma
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
                                       
                                       
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,572,617
                                                                        442,446
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,572,617
                                                                        442,446
Average Risk (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.008
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration
and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by education level are based on education data at the block group level. 

Table A-4.  Distribution of Cancer Risk for People Living in Households Below Two Times the Poverty Level and Below the Poverty Level - 50 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                       Number of People within 50 km of

         any Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
    People Living in Households with Income Below 2 Times the Poverty Level
        People Living in Households with Income Below the Poverty Level
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
                                       
                                       
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,982,644
                                                                        836,510
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,982,644
                                                                        836,510
Average Risk (Chance in One Million)
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.007
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by poverty status are based on poverty data at the census block group level. 

Table A-5. Distribution of Cancer Risk for People Living in Linguistic Isolation - 50 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories 
                           Number of People within 
                                     50 km

          of any Facility in Different Lifetime Cancer Risk Ranges[b]

                               Total Population
                     People Living in Linguistic Isolation
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
                                       
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                        167,638
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                        167,638
Average Risk (Chance in One Million)
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.008
Notes:
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions of linguistic isolation are based on linguistic isolation data at the census block group level. 

Table A-6. Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories: Demographic Assessment based on Cancer Risk Results - 50 km Study Area Radius

      Population with Cancer Risk Greater than or Equal to 1 in 1 Million
                                       
                                  Nationwide
                                Source Category
Total Population
                                                                    317,746,049
                                       0
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
Minority (non-white)
                                      38%
                                      0%
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
African American
                                      12%
                                      0%
Native American
                                     0.8%
                                     0.0%
Other and Multiracial
                                      7%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Ethnicity by Percent
Hispanic
                                      18%
                                      0%
Non-Hispanic
                                      82%
                                      0%
                                       
                               Income by Percent
Below Poverty Level
                                      14%
                                      0%
Above Poverty Level
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Education by Percent
Over 25 and without
a High School Diploma
                                      14%
                                      0%
Over 25 and with a
High School Diploma
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                      Linguistically Isolated by Percent
Linguistically Isolated
                                      6%
                                      0%

                                       
                                  Appendix B

    Demographic Cancer Risk Results within Close Proximity (5 kilometers) 
                          of Source Category Emission
Table B-1. Distribution of Cancer Risk for Racial and Ethnic Groups - 5 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                         Number of People within 5 km

        of any Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
                                     White
                               African American
                                Native American
                             Other and Multiracial
                             Hispanic or Latino[c]
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                       

    0  to  <    1   
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        154,665
                                                                         59,102
                                                                          2,959
                                                                         28,662
                                                                         15,777
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        154,665
                                                                         59,102
                                                                          2,959
                                                                         28,662
                                                                         15,777
Average Risk  (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.04
                                                                           0.02
                                                                           0.02
                                                                           0.03
Notes:

[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration and not adjusted for 
exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by race are based on demographic information at the census block group level.   
[c]In order to avoid double counting, the "Hispanic or Latino" category is treated as a distinct racial/ethnic category for these analyses. A person is identified as one of five racial/ethnic categories above: White, African American, Native American, Other and Multiracial, or Hispanic/Latino.
                                       
                                        

Table B-2.  Distribution of Cancer Risk for Different Age Groups - 5 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                        Number of People within 5 km of

         any Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
                                 Age (Years)  
                                     0 -17
                                 Age (Years) 
                                     18-64
                             Age (Years)  >= 65
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
 
 
 
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                        261,165
                                                                         66,323
                                                                        165,872
                                                                         28,970
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                         66,323
                                                                        165,872
                                                                         28,970
Average Risk  (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.04
Notes:
 
 
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration
and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by age are based on age data at the census block group level. 

                                       
                                       

                                       
                                       
                                       

Table B-3.  Distribution of Cancer Risk for Adults without a High School Diploma - 5 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                      Number of People within 5 km of any

            Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
                           Number >=25 Years Old
            Number >= 25 Years Old without a High School Diploma
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
                                       
                                       
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        167,807
                                                                         20,949
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        167,807
                                                                         20,949
Average Risk (Chance in One Million)[a]
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.04
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration
and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by education level are based on education data at the block group level. 

Table B-4.  Distribution of Cancer Risk for People Living in Households Below Two Times the Poverty Level and Below the Poverty Level - 5 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                        Number of People within 5 km of

         any Facility in Different Ranges for Lifetime Cancer Risk[b]

                               Total Population
    People Living in Households with Income Below 2 Times the Poverty Level
        People Living in Households with Income Below the Poverty Level
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
                                       
                                       
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                        261,165
                                                                         98,336
                                                                         41,125
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                         98,336
                                                                         41,125
Average Risk (Chance in One Million)
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.04
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions by poverty status are based on poverty data at the census block group level. 

Table B-5. Distribution of Cancer Risk for People Living in Linguistic Isolation - 5 km Study Area Radius
Range of Lifetime Individual Cancer Risk from the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                           Number of People within 
                                     5 km

          of any Facility in Different Lifetime Cancer Risk Ranges[b]

                               Total Population
                     People Living in Linguistic Isolation
                          (Chance in One Million)[a]
 
                                       
    0  to  <    1   
                                                                        261,165
                                                                          8,004
    1  to  <    5   
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
    5  to  <  10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  10  to  <  20  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  20  to  <  30  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  30  to  <  40  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  40  to  <  50  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
  50  to  < 100  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
100  to  < 150  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
150  to  < 200  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
200  to  < 250  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
250  to  < 300  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
          => 300 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                          8,004
Average Risk (Chance in One Million)
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           0.02
Notes:
 
 
[a]Modeled risks are for a 70-year lifetime, based on the predicted outdoor concentration and not adjusted for exposure factors. Risks from Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]Distributions of linguistic isolation are based on linguistic isolation data at the census block group level. 
                                       

Table B-6. Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories: Demographic Assessment based on Cancer Risk Results - 5 km Study Area Radius

      Population with Cancer Risk Greater than or Equal to 1 in 1 Million
                                       
                                  Nationwide
                                Source Category
Total Population
                                                                    317,746,049
                                       0
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
Minority (non-white)
                                      38%
                                      0%
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
African American
                                      12%
                                      0%
Native American
                                     0.8%
                                     0.0%
Other and Multiracial
                                      7%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Ethnicity by Percent
Hispanic
                                      18%
                                      0%
Non-Hispanic
                                      82%
                                      0%
                                       
                               Income by Percent
Below Poverty Level
                                      14%
                                      0%
Above Poverty Level
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Education by Percent
Over 25 and without
a High School Diploma
                                      14%
                                      0%
Over 25 and with a
High School Diploma
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                      Linguistically Isolated by Percent
Linguistically Isolated
                                      6%
                                      0%
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix C

       Demographic Noncancer Risk Results within the HEM-3 Model Domain 
                 (50 kilometers) of Source Category Emissions
                                       

Table C-1. Distribution of Hazard Indices for Racial and Ethnic Groups - 50 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                         Number of People within 50 km

              of any Facility in Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                                     White
                               African American
                                Native American
                             Other and Multiracial
                             Hispanic or Latino[b]

                                       

     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,978,702
                                                                        956,676
                                                                         33,657
                                                                        444,729
                                                                        372,487
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
 Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,978,702
                                                                        956,676
                                                                         33,657
                                                                        444,729
                                                                        372,487
Average Hazard Index 
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.003
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.006
                                                                          0.005
Notes:

[a]Distributions by race are based on demographic information at the census block group level.  Hazard indices  
for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]In order to avoid double counting, the "Hispanic or Latino" category is treated as a distinct racial/ethnic category for these analyses. A person is identified as one of five racial/ethnic categories above: White, African American, Native American, Other and Multiracial, or Hispanic/Latino.
                                       

Table C-2.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for Different Age Groups - 50 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                     Number of People within 50 km of any

                  Facility in Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                            Age (Years)       0-17
                            Age (Years)    18 - 64
                            Age (Years)   >= 65 

 
 
 
 
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,573,315
                                                                      4,311,790
                                                                        901,145
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,573,315
                                                                      4,311,790
                                                                        901,145
Average Hazard Index  
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.005
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.004
Notes:
 
 
 
 
[a]Distributions by age are based on age data at the census block group level.
Hazard indices for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                         
Table C-3.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for Adults without a High School Diploma - 50 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                 Number of People within 50 km of any Facility

                      in Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                           Number >= 25 Years Old
            Number >= 25 Years Old without a High School Diploma
                                       
 
                                       
                                       
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,572,617
                                                                        442,446
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      4,572,617
                                                                        442,446
Average Hazard Index
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.003
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Distributions by education level are based on education data at the block group level.
Hazard indices for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                        
Table C-4.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for People Living in Households Below Two Times the Poverty Level and Below the Poverty Level - 50 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                     Number of People within 50 km of any

                 Facility in  Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
    People Living in Households with Income Below 2 Times the Poverty Level
        People Living in Households with Income Below the Poverty Level
 
 
                                       
                                       
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,982,644
                                                                        836,510
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                      1,982,644
                                                                        836,510
Average Hazard Index
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.003
                                                                          0.003
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Distributions by poverty status are based on poverty data at the census block group level.
Hazard indices for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                       
                                       

                                       
Table C-5.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for People Living in Linguistic Isolation - 50 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                         Number of People within 50 km

              of any Facility in  Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                     People Living in Linguistic Isolation

 
                                       
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                        167,638
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                      6,786,250
                                                                        167,638
Average Hazard Index
                                                                          0.004
                                                                          0.006
Notes:
 
 
[a]Distributions of linguistic isolation are based on linguistic isolation data at the census block group level. Hazard indices
for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                       

Table C-6. Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories: Demographic Assessment based on Respiratory Hazard Index Results - 50 km Study Area Radius

                  Population with Hazard Index Greater than 1
                                       
                                  Nationwide
                                Source Category
Total Population
                                                                    317,746,049
                                       0
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
Minority (non-white)
                                      38%
                                      0%
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
African American
                                      12%
                                      0%
Native American
                                     0.8%
                                     0.0%
Other and Multiracial
                                      7%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Ethnicity by Percent
Hispanic
                                      18%
                                      0%
Non-Hispanic
                                      82%
                                      0%
                                       
                               Income by Percent
Below Poverty Level
                                      14%
                                      0%
Above Poverty Level
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Education by Percent
Over 25 and without a High School Diploma
                                      14%
                                      0%
Over 25 and with a
High School Diploma
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                      Linguistically Isolated by Percent
Linguistically Isolated
                                      6%
                                      0%

                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix D
Demographic Noncancer Risk Results within Close Proximity (5 kilometers) of Source Category Emissions

Table D-1. Distribution of Hazard Indices for Racial and Ethnic Groups - 5 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                         Number of People within 5 km

              of any Facility in Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                                     White
                               African American
                                Native American
                             Other and Multiracial
                             Hispanic or Latino[b]

                                       

     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        154,665
                                                                         59,102
                                                                          2,959
                                                                         28,662
                                                                         15,777
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
 Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        154,665
                                                                         59,102
                                                                          2,959
                                                                         28,662
                                                                         15,777
Average Hazard Index 
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           0.01
                                                                          0.007
                                                                          0.009
                                                                           0.02
                                                                           0.02
Notes:

[a]Distributions by race are based on demographic information at the census block group level.  Hazard indices  
for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
[b]In order to avoid double counting, the "Hispanic or Latino" category is treated as a distinct racial/ethnic category for these analyses. A person is identified as one of five racial/ethnic categories above: White, African American, Native American, Other and Multiracial, or Hispanic/Latino.

                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
Table D-2.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for Different Age Groups - 5 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                      Number of People within 5 km of any

                  Facility in Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                            Age (Years)       0-17
                            Age (Years)    18 - 64
                            Age (Years)   >= 65 

 
 
 
 
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                        261,165
                                                                         66,323
                                                                        165,872
                                                                         28,970
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                         66,323
                                                                        165,872
                                                                         28,970
Average Hazard Index  
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           0.01
Notes:
 
 
 
 
[a]Distributions by age are based on age data at the census block group level.
Hazard indices for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                       

                                        
Table D-3.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for Adults without a High School Diploma - 5 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                 Number of People within 5 km of any Facility

                      in Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                           Number >= 25 Years Old
            Number >= 25 Years Old without a High School Diploma
                                       
 
                                       
                                       
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        167,807
                                                                         20,949
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                        167,807
                                                                         20,949
Average Hazard Index
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           0.01
                                                                          0.009
Notes:
 
 
 
[a]Distributions by education level are based on education data at the block group level.
Hazard indices for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                       
Table D-4.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for People Living in Households Below Two Times the Poverty Level and Below the Poverty Level - 5 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                      Number of People within 5 km of any
                                       
                 Facility in  Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]
                                       
                               Total Population
    People Living in Households with Income Below 2 Times the Poverty Level
        People Living in Households with Income Below the Poverty Level
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                               0    to   <= 1
                                    261,165
                                    98,336
                                    41,125
                             >1    to   <= 2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >2    to   <= 3
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >3    to   <= 4
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >4    to   <= 5
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >5    to   <= 6
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >6    to   <= 7
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >7    to   <= 8
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >8    to   <= 9
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                             >9    to  <= 10
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                    > 10
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                 Total Number
                                    261,165
                                    98,336
                                    41,125
                             Average Hazard Index
                                     0.01
                                     0.009
                                     0.008
                                    Notes:
                                       
                                       
                                       
[a]Distributions by poverty status are based on poverty data at the census block group level.
Hazard indices for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.
                                       

Table D-5.  Distribution of Hazard Indices for People Living in Linguistic Isolation - 5 km Study Area Radius
Respiratory Hazard Index Ranges for the Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories
                         Number of People within 5 km

              of any Facility in  Different Hazard Index Ranges[a]

                               Total Population
                     People Living in Linguistic Isolation

 
                                       
     0    to   <= 1 
                                                                        261,165
                                                                          8,004
   >1    to   <= 2 
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >2    to   <= 3  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >3    to   <= 4  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >4    to   <= 5  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >5    to   <= 6  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >6    to   <= 7  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >7    to   <= 8  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >8    to   <= 9  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
   >9    to  <= 10  
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
           > 10
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
Total Number
                                                                        261,165
                                                                          8,004
Average Hazard Index
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           0.01
Notes:
 
 
[a]Distributions of linguistic isolation are based on linguistic isolation data at the census block group level. Hazard indices
for Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing emissions are modeled at the census block level.

Table D-6. Asphalt Processing & Asphalt Roofing Manufacturing Source Categories: Demographic Assessment based on Respiratory Hazard Index Results  -  
                            5 km Study Area Radius

                  Population with Hazard Index Greater than 1
                                       
                                  Nationwide
                                Source Category
Total Population
                                                                    317,746,049
                                       0
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
Minority (non-white)
                                      38%
                                      0%
                                       
                                Race by Percent
White
                                      62%
                                      0%
African American
                                      12%
                                      0%
Native American
                                     0.8%
                                     0.0%
Other and Multiracial
                                      7%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Ethnicity by Percent
Hispanic
                                      18%
                                      0%
Non-Hispanic
                                      82%
                                      0%
                                       
                               Income by Percent
Below Poverty Level
                                      14%
                                      0%
Above Poverty Level
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                             Education by Percent
Over 25 and without a High School Diploma
                                      14%
                                      0%
Over 25 and with a
High School Diploma
                                      86%
                                      0%
                                       
                      Linguistically Isolated by Percent
Linguistically Isolated
                                      6%
                                      0%