Document ID: FERC-2006-0743-0001
Agency: ferc
Document Type: Rule
Title: Issued March 30, 2006.
Posted Date: 2006-04-18T04:00Z

[Federal Register: April 18, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 74)]
[Rules and Regulations]               
[Page 19814-19823]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr18ap06-8]                         

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

18 CFR Part 39

[Docket No. RM05-30-001; Order No. 672-A]

 
Rules Concerning Certification of the Electric Reliability 
Organization; and Procedures for the Establishment, Approval, and 
Enforcement of Electric Reliability Standards

Issued March 30, 2006.

AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, DOE.

ACTION: Final rule; order on rehearing.

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SUMMARY: The Commission grants rehearing on one matter, clarifies 
certain provisions and otherwise reaffirms its determinations in Order 
No. 672. 71 FR 8662 (February 17, 2006). Order No. 672 implements 
Subtitle A (Reliability Standards) of the Electricity Modernization Act 
of 2005, which is Title XII of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, by 
establishing criteria that an entity must satisfy to qualify to be the 
Electric Reliability Organization (ERO). The Commission will certify 
one ERO as the organization that will develop and enforce Reliability 
Standards for the Bulk-Power System in the United States. The Final 
Rule also establishes procedures under which the ERO may propose new or 
modified Reliability Standards for Commission review and procedures 
governing an enforcement action for the violation of a Reliability 
Standard.

DATES: This final rule and order on rehearing will become effective May 
18, 2006.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Kumar Agarwal (Technical Information), Office of Energy Markets and 
Reliability, Division of Policy Analysis and Rulemaking, Federal Energy 
Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC 20426, 
(202) 502-8570.
Michelle Veloso (Technical Information), Office of Energy Markets

[[Page 19815]]

and Reliability, Division of Policy Analysis and Rulemaking, Federal 
Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC 
20426, (202) 502-6473.
Jonathan First (Legal Information), Office of the General Counsel, 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., 
Washington, DC 20426, (202) 502-8529.
Paul Silverman (Legal Information), Office of the General Counsel, 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., 
Washington, DC 20426, (202) 502-8683.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Before Commissioners: Joseph T. Kelliher, Chairman; Nora Mead Brownell, 
and Suedeen G. Kelly.

Order on Rehearing

I. Introduction and Summary

    1. On February 3, 2006, the Commission issued a Final Rule (Order 
No. 672),\1\ implementing Subtitle A (Reliability Standards) of the 
Electricity Modernization Act of 2005, which is Title XII of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005.\2\ Order No. 672 establishes criteria that an 
entity must satisfy to qualify to be the Electric Reliability 
Organization (ERO). The Commission will certify one organization that 
will develop and enforce Reliability Standards for the Bulk-Power 
System in the United States.\3\ The Final Rule also establishes 
procedures under which the ERO may propose new or modified Reliability 
Standards for Commission review and procedures governing an enforcement 
action for the violation of a Reliability Standard.
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    \1\ Rules Concerning Certification of the Electric Reliability 
Organization; and Procedures for the Establishment, Approval, and 
Enforcement of Electric Reliability Standards, Order No. 672, 71 FR 
8662 (Feb. 17, 2006), FERC Stats. & Regs. Regulations Preambles ] 
31,204 (2006).
    \2\ Pub. L. 109-58, Title XII, Subtitle A, 119 Stat. 594, 941 to 
be codified at 16 U.S.C. 824o (2000).
    \3\ Terms defined in Order No. 672 are capitalized in this 
order.
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A. Summary of Order No. 672 \4\

    2. Order No. 672 provides that the Commission will, after notice 
and opportunity for comment, certify one applicant as the ERO. The 
Final Rule sets forth the criteria that an ERO applicant must satisfy 
to qualify as the ERO, including the ability to develop and enforce 
Reliability Standards. To ensure that the ERO complies with the 
certification criteria on an ongoing basis, the Final Rule requires the 
ERO to undergo a performance assessment three years after certification 
and every five years thereafter.
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    \4\ A comprehensive summary of the Final Rule is provided in 
Order No. 672 at P 20-58.
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    3. Order No. 672 provides that the ERO is responsible for 
developing proposed Reliability Standards and must submit each proposed 
Reliability Standard to the Commission for approval. Only a Reliability 
Standard approved by the Commission is enforceable under section 215 of 
the Federal Power Act (FPA). The Commission may approve a proposed 
Reliability Standard (or modification to a Reliability Standard) if it 
determines that it is just, reasonable, not unduly discriminatory or 
preferential, and in the public interest and satisfies other 
requirements set out in Order No. 672. In its review of a proposed 
Reliability Standard, the Commission will give due weight to the 
technical expertise of the ERO or a Regional Entity organized on an 
Interconnection-wide basis with respect to a proposed Reliability 
Standard to be applicable within that Interconnection. However, the 
Commission will not defer to the ERO or a Regional Entity with respect 
to a Reliability Standard's effect on competition.
    4. The ERO may delegate its enforcement responsibilities to a 
Regional Entity. Delegation is effective only after the Commission 
approves the delegation agreement. A Regional Entity may also propose a 
Reliability Standard to the ERO for submission to the Commission for 
approval. This Reliability Standard may be either for application to 
the entire interconnected Bulk-Power System or for application only 
within its own region.
    5. The ERO or a Regional Entity must monitor compliance with the 
Reliability Standards. They will conduct investigations of alleged 
violations of Reliability Standards. The ERO or Regional Entity may 
impose a non-monetary or monetary penalty on a user, owner or operator 
for violating a Reliability Standard, subject to review by the 
Commission.

B. Procedural Discussion

    6. The following parties have filed timely requests for rehearing 
or for clarification of Order No. 672: Edison Electric Institute (EEI), 
ISO/RTO Council, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association 
(NRECA), New York Independent System Operator, Inc. (New York ISO), New 
York State Reliability Council (NYSRC), Southern California Edison 
Company (SoCal Ed), and Western Governors' Association (Western 
Governors) filing jointly with the Committee on Regional Electric Power 
Cooperation (CREPC). In addition, the California Public Utilities 
Commission (CPUC) submitted a letter stating its full support for, and 
request to be associated with, the filing of Western Governors and 
CREPC.

II. Discussion

A. Definitions, Jurisdiction, and Applicability

    7. Order No. 672 adopted verbatim the definitions set forth in new 
section 215(a) of the FPA, including the definitions of ``Bulk-Power 
System,'' ``Reliable Operation'' and ``Reliability Standard.'' \5\ The 
Commission, however, declined proposals to define the term ``User of 
the Bulk-Power System,'' concluding that:

The precise scope of the term ``User of the Bulk-Power System,'' and 
thus the extent of persons subject to the Reliability Standards, 
would be best considered in the context of our review of those 
Standards, taking into account the views of the ERO and others. 
Therefore, until we have proposed Reliability Standards before us, 
we will reserve further judgment on whether a definition of ``User 
of the Bulk-Power System'' is appropriate or whether the decision of 
who is a ``User of the Bulk-Power System'' should be made on a case-
by-case basis.\6\
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    \5\ Order No. 672 at P 70 and 18 CFR 39.1.
    \6\ Id. at P 99.

    8. Order No. 672 also does not formally define the term ``end 
user.'' \7\ The Commission explained that there was no need to adopt a 
formal definition because the term end user is commonly used in the 
electric power industry and is generally understood to mean a retail 
consumer of electricity. However, Order No. 672 does not preclude an 
ERO applicant from proposing a definition, subject to Commission 
approval, if the applicant believes additional definition is needed as 
part of its application for explaining its funding mechanism or for 
another reason.
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    \7\ Id. at P 101.
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    9. Section 39.2 of the regulations codifies the jurisdictional 
provisions found in section 215(b)(1) of the FPA. Those provisions 
state, among other things, that ``[a]ll users, owners and operators of 
the Bulk-Power System shall comply with Reliability Standards that take 
effect under this section.'' Further, consistent with the statute, 
Order No. 672 explicitly makes the Reliability Standards applicable to 
all users, owners, and operators of the Bulk-Power System.\8\
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    \8\ Id. at P 112.
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Request for Rehearing
    10. SoCal Ed maintains that the Commission erred in failing to 
define or further define the terms ``Bulk-Power System,'' ``End User,'' 
``Reliable

[[Page 19816]]

Operation,'' ``Reliability Standard,'' and ``User of the Bulk Power 
System.'' SoCal Ed argues that failure to establish or refine these 
definitions would be inconsistent with due process because the 
Commission would have failed to establish with reasonable clarity and 
certainty what is meant by the rules it has promulgated and what is 
required of regulated entities.\9\ SoCal Ed further argues that the 
Commission has improperly delegated the task of defining some of these 
terms to others.
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    \9\ SoCal Ed at 4-10.
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    11. EEI states that, in response to rulemaking comments that small 
entities such as distribution-only utilities should not be 
``targeted,'' Order No. 672 explains that ``[s]ection 215 of the FPA 
provides the Commission with jurisdiction over all users, owners and 
operators of the Bulk-Power System for purposes of ensuring compliance 
with the Reliability Standards. Until the Commission has approved a 
specific Reliability Standard that impacts a particular type/class of 
users, it is premature to consider'' commenters' concerns.\10\ Based on 
this language, EEI asks the Commission to clarify that small entities 
are not exempt from the statutory obligation to comply with applicable 
Reliability Standards.
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    \10\ Order No. 672 at P 866.
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Commission Conclusion
    12. Order No. 672 adopted the statutory definitions of the terms 
``Bulk Power System,'' ``Reliable Operation'' and ``Reliability 
Standard.'' \11\ These definitions need no further clarification at 
this time. As we explained in Order No. 672, the Commission believes it 
is appropriate to consider the issue of scope about which SoCal Ed 
expresses concern, in the context of specific proposed Reliability 
Standards.\12\ Since proposed Reliability Standards are not enforceable 
until approved by the Commission, no harm will result from deferring 
judgment here and allowing SoCal Ed to renew any specific concerns 
regarding applicability in response to the filing of proposed 
Reliability Standards. Accordingly, SoCal Ed's request for rehearing is 
denied on this issue.
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    \11\ Id. at P 70.
    \12\ Id. at P 71-73.
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    13. Order No. 672 does not formally define ``End User or ``User of 
the Bulk-Power System.'' SoCal Ed acknowledges that the Commission has 
deferred the question of the proper definition of the terms ``End 
User'' and ``User of the Bulk Power System'' until a later date. 
Therefore, SoCal Ed's claims are premature. The Commission recognizes 
in Order No. 672 the common industry use of the term ``end user'' as 
referring generally to a retail consumer of electricity and invites an 
ERO applicant to provide additional definition if needed for explaining 
its funding mechanism.\13\ Likewise, in Order No. 672, the Commission 
states that it will consider the precise scope of the term ``User of 
the Bulk Power System'' on a case-by-case basis in the context of its 
review of a Reliability Standard, as this would permit it to take 
``into account the views of the ERO and others.'' \14\ Any formal 
definition proposed in an ERO application would be subject to 
Commission approval. Thus, we reject SoCal Ed's argument that we are 
improperly delegating the definition of certain terms to others.\15\
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    \13\ Id. at P 101.
    \14\ Id. at P 99.
    \15\ In fact, the precedent cited by SoCal Ed supports our 
approach. See U.S. Telecom Ass'n v. F.C.C., 359 F.3d 554, 568 (D.C. 
Cir. 2004) (stating that ``a federal agency may turn to an outside 
entity for advice and policy recommendations, provided the agency 
makes the final decisions itself'').
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    14. Order No. 672 addresses EEI's request for clarification 
regarding categorical exemptions from applicable Reliability Standards. 
As noted by EEI, the Final Rule requires that all entities subject to 
the Commission's reliability jurisdiction, i.e., all users, owners and 
operators of the Bulk Power System, shall comply with applicable 
Reliability Standards.\16\ While the Commission has deferred the 
question of who is a ``User of the Bulk Power System,'' it did note in 
Order No. 672 that if the owner or operator of a local distribution 
facility falls within that definition, it must comply with all relevant 
Reliability Standards as a user.\17\ EEI acknowledges that some 
Reliability Standards, by their terms, may not be applicable to small 
entities or to distribution-only entities. It is in reviewing such 
terms in the course of its review of a proposed Reliability Standard 
that the Commission will consider the scope of a particular Reliability 
Standard.\18\
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    \16\ Id. at P 112.
    \17\ Id. at P 100.
    \18\ See also, Id. at P 99 and 866.
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B. Electric Reliability Organization Certification

    15. Order No. 672 provides that the Commission will, after notice 
and opportunity for comment, certify one applicant as the ERO and sets 
forth the criteria that an ERO applicant must satisfy to qualify as the 
ERO. The Final Rule gives guidance to ERO applicants regarding the 
content of an application and certain functions it must undertake.
    16. With regard to ERO governance, an ERO applicant must 
demonstrate that it has Rules that adequately assure its independence 
from the users, owners and operators of the Bulk-Power System, while 
assuring fair stakeholder representation in the selection of its 
directors and balanced decisionmaking in any ERO committee or 
subcommittee. The Commission, however, recognized that ``there are many 
ways that an ERO could provide balanced governance and 
decisionmaking.'' \19\ The Commission, therefore, did not mandate a 
specific approach to ERO governance but, rather, allowed an ERO 
candidate to develop a proposal to be provided in its application for 
certification consistent with the requirements of independence and 
stakeholder representation.
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    \19\ Id. at P 152.
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Request for Rehearing
    17. ISO/RTO Council asserts that ISOs and RTOs will not be fairly 
represented in ERO and Regional Entity voting procedures based on one-
person, one-vote. This is because a handful of ISOs and RTOs are 
responsible for a large fraction of the nation's load but constitute 
only a small percentage of the nation's utilities. Consequently, their 
importance and unique reliability concerns will not be fairly 
represented. ISO/RTO Council states that it previously expressed 
concerns that failure of the Commission to mandate a specific approach 
to ERO voting structure could lead to the inadequate representation of 
ISOs and RTOs. ISO/RTO Council asserts that the failure to mandate a 
specific approach to ERO voting structure has already adversely 
affected ISO and RTO interests, in that the North American Electric 
Reliability Council's (NERC) draft ERO application attempts to address 
this issue by placing ISOs and RTOs into the same voting category as 
Regional Entities.
Commission Conclusion
    18. Order No. 672 requires that an ERO applicant assure fair 
stakeholder representation in ERO processes.\20\ We agree that ISOs and 
RTOs, as system operators, are stakeholders and should be represented 
fairly in ERO processes. However, we will neither require nor forbid in 
our regulations any specific representation formula. To do so would 
limit the flexibility of the ERO and the Commission to change ERO Rules 
over time as needed to reflect changes in industry organization and 
other changes. We urge the ISO/RTO Council to raise its concerns 
regarding ISO and RTO representation with ERO

[[Page 19817]]

applicants and, if necessary, with the Commission in our notice and 
comment proceeding to review ERO certification applications.
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    \20\ Id.
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C. Reliability Standards

    19. Consistent with section 215(d) of the FPA, Order No. 672 
directs the ERO to file a proposed Reliability Standard or modification 
to a Reliability Standard with the Commission for review.\21\ The 
Commission may approve a proposed Reliability Standard or modification 
to a Reliability Standard if it determines that the Reliability 
Standard is just, reasonable, not unduly discriminatory or 
preferential, and in the public interest. In its review, the Commission 
will give due weight to the technical expertise of the ERO or a 
Regional Entity organized on an Interconnection-wide basis with respect 
to a Reliability Standard to be applicable within that Interconnection, 
except that the Commission may not defer to the ERO or a Regional 
Entity with respect to the effect of a Reliability Standard on 
competition.
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    \21\ Id. at P 38, 258.
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    20. Order No. 672 provides that the Commission shall remand a 
Reliability Standard that it disapproves in whole or in part and, when 
remanding, may set a deadline by which the ERO must submit a proposed 
revision to the Reliability Standard.\22\ The Final Rule states that 
the Commission may direct the ERO to submit a proposed Reliability 
Standard that addresses a specific matter.
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    \22\ Id. at P 390, 408.
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1. Reliability Standards Development
    21. In its comments on the notice of proposed rulemaking, ISO/RTO 
Council stated that a Reliability Standard developed by the ERO should 
reflect the ``what'' and not the ``how'' of reliability, i.e., that the 
ERO should develop a Reliability Standard specifying ``what'' is 
necessary to preserve reliability and implementation should be left to 
others. In response, the Final Rule explains:

* * * in certain limited situations there may be a good reason to 
leave implementation practices out of a Reliability Standard. In 
other situations, however, the ``how'' may be inextricably linked to 
the Reliability Standard and may need to be specified by the ERO to 
ensure the enforcement of the Reliability Standard. For some 
Reliability Standards, leaving out implementation features could: 
(1) Sacrifice necessary uniformity in implementation of the 
Reliability Standard; (2) create uncertainty for the entity that has 
to follow the Reliability Standard; (3) make enforcement difficult; 
and (4) increase the complexity of the Commission's oversight and 
review process. Accordingly, we leave it to the ERO to develop 
proposed Reliability Standards that appropriately balance 
reliability principles and implementation features.\23\
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    \23\ Id. at P 260.
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Requests for Rehearing
    22. ISO/RTO Council asks the Commission to clarify the ERO's role 
in Reliability Standard setting and enforcement as opposed to 
implementation of Reliability Standards. It believes the Commission 
erred in allowing the ERO to develop proposed Reliability Standards 
that balance questions of reliability and implementation on a case-by-
case basis because this gives the ERO too much authority and blurs the 
lines between standard setting--an ERO function--and standard 
implementation--a system operator function. ISO/RTO Council argues that 
the ERO should focus on the ``what'' of reliability, but not the 
``how'' to ensure that the same Reliability Standards can be adopted 
for regions with and without organized electricity markets. ISO/RTO 
Council asserts that more conflicts are likely to arise between 
existing Reliability Standards and ISO or RTO tariffs if the ERO adopts 
detailed requirements for implementing the Reliability Standards. It 
also argues that NERC's draft certification application would have the 
ERO perform some functions best performed by system operators, a role 
for which the ERO is unlikely to have the knowledge or resources to 
carry out operational functions effectively.
Commission Conclusion
    23. The Commission addressed this adequately in Order No. 672, 
explaining that, in some situations, some aspects of the implementation 
of a Reliability Standard may need to be part of the Reliability 
Standard itself.\24\ As is public knowledge, NERC has over 100 
candidate Reliability Standards it intends to file for approval. We 
continue to believe it is more appropriate to decide the issues raised 
by the ISO/RTO Council on a case-by-case basis for each proposed 
Reliability Standard than to make a generic ruling based on general 
theory. When we say we are leaving it to the ERO to develop a proposal 
we mean it do so subject to its Rules for obtaining broad stakeholder 
input. If an ISO, RTO or other entity has specific concerns, they 
should be raised in the ERO's Reliability Standard development process 
as we expect Reliability Standards to be developed that work 
effectively and can be implemented in all regions.\25\ Accordingly, the 
Commission denies the RTO/ISO Council's request for rehearing to 
provide additional guidance to the ERO regarding this issue.
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    \24\ Id.
    \25\ See Id. at P 331 (``[a] proposed Reliability Standard 
should be designed to apply throughout the interconnected North 
American Bulk-Power System, to the maximum extent this is achievable 
with a single Reliability Standard. The proposed Reliability 
Standard * * * should take into account * * * regional variations in 
market design if these affect the proposed Reliability Standard'').
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2. Notice and Comment
    24. Order No. 672 states that, when the ERO files a proposed 
Reliability Standard, the Commission will provide notice and 
opportunity for comment except in ``extraordinary circumstances.'' \26\
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    \26\ Id. at P 308.
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Request for Rehearing
    25. EEI asks the Commission to clarify that the notice and comment 
procedures that will apply to its review of a proposed Reliability 
Standard will comply with the notice and comment requirements of 
section 553 of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).\27\ It explains 
that, although section 215 of the FPA does not state that the 
Commission must provide notice and comment when reviewing a proposed 
Reliability Standard, notice and comment is required by section 553 of 
the APA. Further, EEI notes that, while the APA does not allow an 
exception to the notice and comment requirement for ``extraordinary 
circumstances,'' the APA does provide an exception when an agency for 
good cause finds that notice and comment procedures are 
``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.'' 
\28\ EEI requests that the Commission clarify that ``extraordinary 
circumstances'' will be construed to have the same meaning as the 
exception provided in section 553(b)(B) of the APA.
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    \27\ 5 U.S.C. 553 (2000).
    \28\ 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B) (2000).
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Commission Conclusion
    26. Like all federal agencies, the Commission is obligated to 
comply with the APA. Accordingly, the Commission clarifies that any 
decision by the Commission not to provide notice and comment when 
reviewing a proposed Reliability Standard will be made in accordance 
with the criteria established in section 553 of the APA.
3. No Deference on Competition
    27. Consistent with section 215(d)(2) of the FPA, Order No. 672 
states that the Commission will not defer to the ERO or a Regional 
Entity with respect to the

[[Page 19818]]

effect of a proposed Reliability Standard on competition.\29\ The Final 
Rule, however, does not adopt a generic test to balance reliability and 
competition concerns in the absence of specific facts and, instead, 
states that the Commission will evaluate the effects of a proposed 
Reliability Standard on competition on a case-by-case basis.\30\ 
Further, the Final Rule explains that, when reviewing a proposed 
Reliability Standard, the Commission will ensure that the proposal does 
not have the implicit effect of either favoring or thwarting bilateral 
or organized markets.
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    \29\ Order No. 672 at P 40, 18 CFR 39.5(c)(3).
    \30\ Id. at P 376.
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Request for Rehearing
    28. ISO/RTO Council seeks rehearing or clarification regarding the 
Commission's decision not to adopt a generic test to balance 
reliability and competition concerns in the absence of specific facts. 
It maintains that failure to adopt such a test ``would be a legal error 
because it would effectively leave the Commission discretion to defer 
to the ERO on competition questions, which is prohibited under the FPA 
* * *.'' \31\ ISO/RTO Council asks the Commission to provide clearer 
substantive guidance on how it will review the impact of a Reliability 
Standard on competition. It requests the Commission to revise its 
regulations to incorporate Order No. 672 Preamble language stating that 
a Reliability Standard will not be allowed to have the implicit effect 
of either favoring or thwarting bilateral or organized markets or 
unduly favor individual market participants. It further asks the 
Commission to specify that any Reliability Standard that has any effect 
on ISO or RTO market rules will be subject to de novo Commission 
review. In addition, the ERO should have the burden of demonstrating 
that a proposed Reliability Standard does not affect competition.
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    \31\ ISO/RTO Council at 7.
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Commission Conclusion
    29. ISO/RTO Council correctly notes that the Commission has a 
statutory obligation not to defer to the ERO with respect to the effect 
of a proposed Reliability Standard or a proposed modification to a 
Reliability Standard on competition. We will not do so. However, ISO/
RTO Council has failed to explain why dealing with this issue on a 
case-by-case basis is inappropriate or declining to revise Commission 
regulations as requested is a legal error. Case-by-case consideration 
is particularly appropriate where an issue can arise in many different 
forms and factual situations. The Commission concluded that a case-by-
case approach is appropriate here and noted that ``[n]o single 
definition [of competition] appears sufficient to cover all the 
relevant bases for evaluating a proposed Reliability Standard's effect 
on competition.'' \32\ ISO/RTO Council insists that the Commission must 
add to its regulations, but does not explain how the failure to adopt 
its suggestions is unlawful or amounts to Commission deference to the 
ERO on competition issues. Section 215(d)(2) prohibits such deference. 
Accordingly, the ISO/RTO Council has failed to establish the error of 
law it asserts, and its request for rehearing or clarification is 
denied on this issue.
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    \32\ Order No. 672 at P 377.
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4. Commission Remand of a Proposed Reliability Standard
    30. Consistent with section 215(d)(4) of the FPA, Order No. 672 
provides that the Commission may remand to the ERO for further 
consideration a proposed Reliability Standard or proposed modification 
to a Reliability Standard that the Commission disapproves in whole or 
in part. In the Final Rule, the Commission explains that ``[w]e will 
either accept or remand a proposed Reliability Standard. If we remand a 
proposed Reliability Standard or a proposed modification to a 
Reliability Standard, we intend to specify our concerns so that the ERO 
can address them.'' \33\
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    \33\ Id. at P 390.
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    31. Further, the Final Rule provides that the Commission, when 
remanding a proposed Reliability Standard, may set a deadline by which 
the ERO must resubmit the proposed Reliability Standard with revisions 
that address the reason for the remand.\34\ The Final Rule explains 
that any necessary deadline will be established in a reasonable manner 
taking into consideration the complexity of the issue and will consider 
the time needed for a proposed revision to go through the ERO's process 
as well as any need to have an enforceable Reliability Standard in a 
timely manner.\35\
Requests for Rehearing
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    \34\ Id. at P 408-410.
    \35\ Id.
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    32. NRECA notes that the Commission stated that it ``would take 
appropriate action, for example, if the ERO or Regional Entity fails to 
comply with a Commission order requiring that a Reliability Standard be 
developed or modified as necessary to maintain reliability'' and also 
``that failure to meet a Commission deadline [on remand of a 
Reliability Standard] would be considered a violation of the FPA.'' 
\36\ NRECA expresses concern that ``such statements could 
unintentionally imply that the Commission could seek to treat a failure 
by the ERO or potentially a Regional Entity to adopt the exact text or 
substance of a Reliability Standard specified by the Commission as a 
violation of the FPA.'' \37\ NRECA requests the Commission to clarify 
that it did not intend in the Final Rule to prescribe the text or 
substance of a Reliability Standard.
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    \36\ NRECA Comments at 2 (citing Order No. 672 at P 441 and 
765).
    \37\ Id. at 2-3.
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    33. EEI requests that the Commission clarify that any deadlines it 
imposes on the ERO's consideration of proposed Reliability Standards on 
remand will respect the requirements that the ERO have an open process 
and that the Commission give due weight to the technical expertise of 
the ERO.
Commission Conclusion
    34. We clarify that it is not our intent to prescribe the text or 
substance of a Reliability Standard. Our authority in this context is 
to ``remand to the [ERO] for further consideration a proposed 
reliability standard or a modification to a reliability standard that 
the Commission disapproves in whole or in part.'' \38\ In the Final 
Rule, we stated that ``the Commission cannot change the Reliability 
Standard and must send the Reliability Standard to the ERO for 
modification.'' \39\ Moreover, the Commission specifically stated that 
as part of the remand process, ``we intend to specify our concerns so 
that the ERO can address them.'' \40\
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    \38\ Section 215(d)(4) of the FPA.
    \39\ Order No. 672 at P 424.
    \40\ Id. at P 390.
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    35. With regard to EEI's request for clarification, Order No. 672 
already provides the assurance that EEI seeks.\41\ Any necessary 
deadline will be established in a reasonable manner taking into account 
the complexity of the issue and will consider the time needed for a 
proposed revision to go through the ERO's process as well as any need 
to have an enforceable Reliability Standard in a timely manner. The 
Commission will respect the ERO's approved Reliability Standard 
development process, but in Order No. 672 the Commission also set out 
its expectation that the ERO will have sufficient flexibility in its 
process to consider matters expeditiously when necessary. As we 
explained in Order No. 672, an ERO applicant should

[[Page 19819]]

propose an accelerated process for addressing a Reliability Standard 
that has been remanded with a specific deadline.\42\
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    \41\ Id. at P 410.
    \42\ Id.
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D. Conflict of a Reliability Standard With a Commission Order

    36. Section 215(d)(6) of the FPA requires that the Commission 
develop ``fair processes for the identification and timely resolution 
of any conflict between a reliability standard and any function, rule, 
order, tariff, rate schedule, or agreement accepted, approved, or 
ordered by the Commission applicable to a transmission organization.'' 
Consistent with this requirement, the Final Rule provides a process for 
a user, owner or operator of the transmission facilities of a 
Transmission Organization to notify the Commission of a possible 
conflict for timely resolution by the Commission.\43\ The Transmission 
Organization is responsible for expeditiously notifying the Commission 
of the possible conflict.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \43\ Id. at P 444, 18 CFR 39.6(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    37. Section 39.6(b) of the Commission's regulations provides that 
the Commission will determine within 60 days of a filing whether a 
conflict exists and, if so, resolve the conflict by directing the 
Transmission Organization to file a modification of the conflicting 
tariff ``pursuant to section 205 or section 206 of the Federal Power 
Act, as appropriate'' or direct the ERO to propose a modification to 
the conflicting Reliability Standard. Section 39.6(c) requires that the 
Transmission Organization continue to comply with the tariff until the 
Commission finds that a conflict exists, the Commission orders a change 
to such provision pursuant to section 205 or 206 of the FPA, and the 
order becomes effective.
Request for Rehearing
    38. NYSRC seeks clarification or, in the alternative, rehearing on 
whether both sections 205 and 206 of the FPA should apply when the 
Commission undertakes to determine whether a Commission-approved 
function, rule, order, tariff, rate schedule, or agreement should 
change because it conflicts with an ERO Reliability Standard, or 
whether only section 206 should apply. NYSRC notes that section 
215(d)(6) of the FPA refers only to section 206 and argues that the 
reference to section 205 in sections 39.6(b) and (c) of the 
Commission's regulations creates a discrepancy that, unless clarified, 
will result in confusion as to the legal standard applicable to such a 
determination by the Commission.
    39. ISO/RTO Council requests that the Commission clarify that a 
user, owner or operator should consult with the ISO or RTO regarding a 
potential conflict between a Reliability Standard and a Commission-
approved ISO or RTO tariff. It proposes that, in the event of a 
disagreement over a potential conflict, the ISO/RTO should submit the 
concern raised by the transmission user or owner along with its own 
comments on the issue. ISO/RTO Council also maintains that the ERO 
should be expected to identify any potential conflict with an existing 
ISO or RTO tariff when it submits a proposed Reliability Standard to 
the Commission, and that the Commission should revise its regulations 
to provide that any party proposing a revision to a tariff to eliminate 
a conflict with a Reliability Standard will bear the burden of 
persuasion.
Commission Conclusion
    40. We grant rehearing in part and amend our regulations to provide 
that, if the Commission determines that a Commission-approved function, 
rule, order, tariff, rate schedule, or agreement should be revised 
because it conflicts with a Reliability Standard, the Commission may 
offer the Transmission Organization an opportunity to submit a revised 
term or condition of the tariff or other relevant document or may 
itself modify the tariff pursuant to section 206 of the FPA. The 
Commission will not, however, direct a Transmission Organization to 
make a filing pursuant to section 205 of the FPA, and we delete this 
provision from sections 39.6(b)(1) and (c) of our regulations. A public 
utility may voluntarily submit a revised tariff provision pursuant to 
section 205 to resolve the conflict. Thus, although section 215(d)(6) 
of the statute refers specifically to the Commission finding a conflict 
and ordering a change to a provision pursuant to section 206 of the 
FPA, a voluntary section 205 filing is always an option available to 
the Transmission Organization.
    41. With regard to ISO/RTO Council's request for clarification or 
rehearing, we encourage any user, owner or operator that identifies a 
potential conflict between a Transmission Organization tariff and a 
Reliability Standard to consult with the Transmission Organization 
regarding the potential conflict. If the matter is not resolved 
informally, the Transmission Organization must expeditiously notify the 
Commission of the potential conflict. Further, we encourage the 
Transmission Organization to submit its own comments on the issue when 
it notifies the Commission, provided that the preparation of 
Transmission Organization comments causes no delay in notifying the 
Commission. The Transmission Organization may provide additional 
comments on the potential conflict during the notice and comment period 
on the matter. However, there is no need to revise our regulations to 
incorporate this level of detail.
    42. Order No. 672 provides that the ERO should attempt to resolve 
such potential conflicts in the Reliability Standard development 
process.\44\ We encourage the ERO, when submitting a proposed 
Reliability Standard to the Commission for review, to identify any 
potential conflict with a Transmission Organization tariff that could 
not be resolved and provide any information on the topic that may 
inform the Commission. However, it is not necessary to include this 
level of detail in the regulation text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ Id. at P 444.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. Enforcement of Reliability Standards

    43. Section 215(e) of the FPA provides that the ERO or a Regional 
Entity that is delegated enforcement authority may impose a penalty on 
a user, owner or operator of the Bulk-Power System for a violation of a 
Reliability Standard. The Final Rule sets forth procedures pursuant to 
which the ERO or a Regional Entity may impose a non-monetary or 
monetary penalty, and procedures for Commission review of a 
penalty.\45\ Also, the Commission itself may initiate an investigation, 
require compliance with or impose a penalty for non-compliance with a 
Reliability Standard.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \45\ 18 CFR 39.7.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. ERO and Regional Entity Appeals Process
    44. Order No. 672 finds that allowing an appeals process at the ERO 
or Regional Entity level is appropriate to ensure internal consistency 
in the imposition of penalties by the ERO or the Regional Entity.\46\ 
Expressing concern that such a process should not result in a drawn-out 
series of sequential appeals, the Final Rule concludes that there 
should be a single appeal at either the ERO or the Regional Entity. An 
ERO applicant must propose in its certification application whether the 
appeal of a penalty imposed by a Regional Entity should be at the ERO 
or Regional Entity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ Order No. 672 at P 610-611.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 19820]]

Request for Rehearing
    45. EEI requests that the Commission specify that all appeals of 
penalties, whether imposed by a Regional Entity or the ERO, should be 
at the ERO level. It states that having a single formal appeal at the 
ERO will ensure timely enforcement as well as consistency in 
interpretation of Reliability Standards and in the sanctions applied 
across Regional Entities. EEI also requests that the Commission clarify 
that each Regional Entity must have a process to resolve issues that 
arise in the course of implementation of its compliance enforcement 
program before final decision in a particular matter is reached by the 
Regional Entity. EEI maintains that this clarification is necessary to 
ensure that the enforcement process includes due process protections 
and procedures.
Commission Conclusion
    46. Order No. 672 concludes that a single appeal at either the ERO 
or Regional Entity is appropriate to avoid duplication and delay, but 
allows an ERO applicant to propose in its application for certification 
whether the appeal of a penalty imposed by a Regional Entity should be 
at the ERO or Regional Entity.\47\ EEI may raise its concerns in the 
ERO certification proceeding regarding the appropriate forum for such 
an appeal. Further, we note that Order No. 672 directs the ERO and 
Regional Entities to develop uniform due process procedures.\48\ EEI's 
request for a process to resolve issues that arise in the course of a 
Regional Entity's compliance program is satisfied by this requirement. 
Accordingly, EEI's request for an additional requirement is not 
necessary and is denied.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \47\ Id. at P 611.
    \48\ Id. at P 494-495.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Monetary Penalties
    47. Both the statute and our regulations require that a penalty 
must bear a reasonable relationship to the seriousness of the 
violation. Order No. 672 requires the ERO to develop penalty guidelines 
that would provide a predictable, uniform and rational approach to the 
imposition of penalties.
    48. Further, Order No. 672 concludes that it is appropriate for the 
entity investigating an alleged violation and imposing a penalty to 
receive any penalty monies that result from that investigation.\49\ 
However, rather than allowing penalty monies to offset a specific 
program, such as a compliance or enforcement program, the Final Rule 
determines that, for an ERO or Regional Entity investigation, the 
entity conducting the investigation should receive the penalty monies 
as an offset against its next year's budget. Order No. 672 states that, 
``[w]ith this approach, the monies represent a savings to those 
consumers responsible ultimately for paying the costs of the ERO or 
Regional Entity.'' \50\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ Id. at P 626.
    \50\ Id. at P 627.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    49. In response to comments regarding the application of a penalty 
to an RTO or ISO, Order No. 672 concludes that:

    [w]hile we recognize that RTOs and ISOs have some unique 
characteristics, we do not believe a generic exemption from any type 
of penalty is appropriate for any entity, including an RTO or ISO. 
The ERO or Regional Entity determining whether to impose a penalty 
on an RTO or ISO may consider the entity's unique characteristics, 
as well as the nature of the violation, in determining an 
appropriate and effective sanction.
    Further, we do not decide generically whether an RTO or ISO may 
pass a monetary penalty through to its members or customers. We will 
consider such an issue on a case-by-case basis.[\51\]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ Id. at P 634-635 (footnote omitted).

Requests for Rehearing
    50. ISO/RTO Council maintains that the Commission has not 
adequately addressed the concern that penalty monies could create an 
improper incentive for the ERO to over-collect penalties. It asserts 
that the Commission has not explained why it is willing to allow 
penalty monies to offset the enforcing entity's entire budget for 
implementing section 215 of the FPA rather than just the costs of a 
specific program, such as enforcement. ISO/RTO Council views the 
incentives as being the same in each case. It urges the Commission to 
adopt a clear rule requiring the ERO and Regional Entities to direct 
penalty monies received from U.S. entities to the U.S. Treasury.
    51. New York ISO asserts that the Commission erred when it failed 
to establish that ISOs and RTOs should be subject to financial 
penalties imposed by the ERO or a Regional Entity only in 
``extraordinary circumstances.'' It argues that, because ISOs, RTOs and 
reliability organizations are similarly situated in all material 
respects, it is arbitrary and capricious for the Commission to 
determine that reliability organizations will be subject to financial 
penalties only in extraordinary circumstances and not to do likewise in 
the case of ISOs and RTOs. New York ISO states that the Commission has 
failed to justify treating reliability organizations more favorably 
than ISOs and RTOs by refusing in Order No. 672 to provide that the 
latter as well as the former would be subject to financial penalties 
only in extraordinary circumstances.
    52. New York ISO also contends that imposing a financial penalty 
that could render a not-for-profit ISO or RTO insolvent is inconsistent 
with the section 215(e) of the FPA and the Commission's own directive 
that a penalty must be proportionate to the offense. An ISO or RTO 
will, absent a pass-through, face insolvency if it is subject to a 
financial penalty.
    53. Further, New York ISO asserts that the Commission's failure to 
establish that ISOs and RTOs should not be subject to financial 
penalties in connection with reliability violations committed by third 
parties within the ISO/RTO's control area is arbitrary and capricious, 
as well as inconsistent with due process, section 215(e) of the FPA, 
and the Commission's policy that penalties should be proportionate to 
the offender's misconduct. New York ISO notes that, while Order No. 672 
agrees generally that an entity should not be punished for a violation 
outside of its control, the Order does not make a generic ruling on the 
issue and, rather, directs New York ISO to raise such concerns in the 
ERO stakeholder process. It asserts that failure to establish a 
``bright line'' that insulates a party from penalty for a violation 
outside its control is arbitrary and capricious and violates due 
process.
    54. SoCal Ed states that the Commission erred when it would not 
decide generically whether an RTO or ISO may pass a monetary penalty 
through to its members or customers. Like New York ISO, SoCal Ed points 
to the limited resources of ISOs and RTOs. It seeks rehearing on this 
issue and also argues that, in passing on costs, the ISO or RTO should 
determine whether particular members or customers are responsible for 
the penalty and obtain repayment from them.
Commission Conclusion
    55. ISO/RTO Council does not explain why permitting penalty monies 
to offset the enforcing entity's entire section 215 budget creates an 
improper incentive for the ERO or a Regional Entity to overcollect 
penalties. Penalty monies would be received as an offset against the 
budget of the ERO and Regional Entities for discharging their statutory 
duties in the coming year. Unless the aggregate amount of penalties 
exceeds the entire ERO budget, the only beneficiaries of this policy 
are the entities that have reduced payments for next year's support of 
the ERO. Order No. 672 concludes that penalty monies

[[Page 19821]]

represent a savings to end users of electricity. ISO/RTO Council has 
not persuaded us that this approach creates an improper incentive for 
the ERO to impose excessive penalties. Further, we remind ISO/RTO 
Council that every penalty must be filed with the Commission, and the 
Commission is therefore in the position to detect and correct any 
possible incentive for overcollection. ISO/RTO Council's request for 
rehearing on this issue is, therefore, denied.
    56. In response to New York ISO, while ISOs, RTOs and reliability 
organizations may be similarly situated in some respects, they differ 
in important respects regarding penalty liability. The most significant 
difference, highly relevant to this proceeding, is that the statute 
makes the ERO and Regional Entities responsible for establishing and 
enforcing Reliability Standards, while making users, owners and 
operators of the Bulk-Power System, including ISOs and RTOs, subject to 
penalties for failure to comply with those Reliability Standards. It is 
not arbitrary and capricious to treat all operators alike, including 
RTOs and ISOs, in terms of their liability for violation of a 
Reliability Standard. Nor is it arbitrary and capricious to treat the 
ERO or a Regional Entity that violates a Commission order differently, 
for penalty purposes, from an operator that violates a Reliability 
Standard. The statute specifically authorizes the imposition of a 
penalty on a user, owner or operator for the violation of a Reliability 
Standard. The Commission acknowledges in Order No. 672 the unique 
characteristics of ISOs and RTOs and agrees that, in determining a 
penalty, circumstances such as organizational structure or not-for-
profit status will be considered.\52\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ Consideration of such factors in determining an appropriate 
penalty is consistent with our Enforcement Policy. See Enforcement 
of Statutes, Orders, Rules, and Regulations, 113 FERC ] 61,068. See 
also, Order No. 672 at P 561, n. 158.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    57. New York ISO and SoCal Ed argue that the Commission erred in 
denying a generic penalty exemption for RTOs and ISOs because in their 
view--absent the ability to pass the penalty through to members or 
customers--a monetary penalty would lead to the insolvency of such 
entities. The Commission is mindful of the special characteristics of 
RTOs and ISOs, including the resources they have at their disposal. 
However, we do not believe that Congress enacted a law that provided 
for Reliability Standards to be enforceable through penalties and 
neglected to mention that it intended to exempt system operators that 
operate the Bulk-Power System serving half or more of the electric load 
in the United States. We understand that penalties may be monetary or 
non-monetary and the difficulty that a large monetary penalty would 
pose for a not-for-profit organization. However, we will not by rule 
exempt these large and important system operators from monetary 
penalties for violation of Reliability Standards. The Commission 
directed New York ISO to raise its concern about the punishment of 
entities for violations outside their control in the ERO or Regional 
Entity stakeholder process because it is first necessary to determine 
whether a proposed Reliability Standard would have this effect.\53\ 
Both New York ISO and SoCal Ed have failed to demonstrate the need for 
a generic exemption or a blanket pass-through provision, and their 
requests for rehearing on these points are therefore denied.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ Order No. 672 at P 636.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    58. For the reasons discussed above, the Commission affirms its 
earlier decision and will not allow a generic pass through of monetary 
penalties for RTOs and ISOs. However, an individual RTO or ISO may 
propose a mechanism through a section 205 tariff filing to recover 
penalty monies imposed by the ERO or a Regional Entity.
    59. Further, any concerns regarding a particular ERO applicant's 
proposed penalty imposition policies should be addressed in its ERO 
certification proceeding.

F. Funding of the Electric Reliability Organization

    60. Order No. 672 directs an ERO candidate to propose a formula or 
method of funding addressing cost allocation and cost responsibility, 
along with a proposed mechanism for revenue collection for Commission 
consideration. Further, pursuant to the Final Rule, the ERO will fund 
the Regional Entities as well as approve their budgets, under the 
Commission's oversight. The ERO must file with the Commission its 
entire proposed annual budget for statutory and non-statutory 
activities, including the entire budgets of each Regional Entity. All 
entities within the Commission's jurisdiction pursuant to section 
215(b) of the FPA are required to pay any ERO assessments, as set out 
in the ERO Rules approved by the Commission, in a timely manner 
reasonably designated by the ERO.
1. Activities to be Funded by End-Users
    61. Order No. 672 concludes that section 215 of the FPA ``provides 
for federal authorization of funding limited to the development of 
Reliability Standards and their enforcement, and monitoring the 
reliability of the Bulk-Power System. However, the ERO or a Regional 
Entity is not precluded from pursuing other activities, funded from 
other sources.'' \54\ Likewise, any funding that is approved and 
provided by the ERO to a Regional Entity would be limited to a Regional 
Entity's costs related to the delegated functions.\55\ The Final Rule 
explains that, while neither the ERO nor a Regional Entity is precluded 
from pursuing other activities, activities not explicitly authorized 
under FPA section 215 may not be funded through the ERO.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ Id. at P 202. Order No. 672 also discusses possible 
limitations on such other activities. Id.
    \55\ Id. at P 229.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    62. Order No. 672 also determines that it is not necessary to 
provide in the Commission's regulations funding of a Regional Advisory 
Body. The Final Rule states that ``[s]uch bodies are voluntary 
organizations with members to be appointed by the Governor of each 
participating state or province. Each Regional Advisory Body is 
responsible for developing its own funding means.'' \56\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \56\ Id. at P 248.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Requests for Rehearing
    63. SoCal Ed states that restricting ERO and Regional Entity 
activities funded by end users to the development of Reliability 
Standards and their enforcement, and monitoring the reliability of the 
Bulk-Power System is too restrictive and that the ERO and the Regional 
Entities will have many more reliability-related functions. SoCal Ed 
states that it is not clear that, for example, the ERO and Regional 
Entities may be funded for costs associated with ``reliability 
centers'' and reliability assessments of the Bulk-Power System. SoCal 
Ed asks that the Commission allow end-user funding of all ERO and 
Regional Entity reliability activities.
    64. Western Governors/CREPC, supported by the CPUC, asks the 
Commission to clarify whether Order No. 672, in the discussion of 
Regional Advisory Body funding, simply declines to guarantee that the 
budget of a Regional Advisory Body will be funded through section 215 
mandatory reliability fees collected from end users or whether the 
Final Rule precludes the inclusion of a Regional Advisory Body budget 
in such mandatory fees. Further, Western Governors/CREPC seeks 
rehearing to the extent that the Commission intended to preclude 
funding of a Regional Advisory Body

[[Page 19822]]

through mandatory fees collected from end users. Western Governors/
CREPC argues that precluding such funding would be inconsistent with 
section 215(c)(2)(B), which requires the ERO to have rules that 
allocate equitably reasonable dues, fees, and other charges among end 
users for all activities under that section. Western Governors/CREPC 
maintains that Regional Advisory Body activities under section 215(j) 
are covered by this requirement and that end users will benefit from 
those activities. Western Governors/CREPC also argues that making 
Regional Advisory Bodies responsible for their own funding would 
discourage the formation of such entities and reduce their 
effectiveness.
Commission Conclusion
    65. With regard to SoCal Ed's request, we clarify that the ERO can 
collect a Commission-approved assessment of dues, fees or charges for 
all activities performed pursuant to section 215 of the FPA, which 
would include all activities pursuant to our regulations. The isolated 
preamble language cited by SoCal Ed was not intended to limit the scope 
of ERO activities that may be funded. Elsewhere in the preamble to 
Order No. 672, as well as the regulation text, the Commission 
distinguishes between statutory and non-statutory activities of the 
ERO, and indicates that statutory activities of the ERO should be 
funded through a Commission-approved assessment of dues, fees or 
charges, while non-statutory activities must be funded through other 
means.\57\ We will consider what a permissible statutory activity is 
when we see a specific proposal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ Id. at P 197, 198, 228 and 18 CFR 39.4(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    66. In response to Western Governors/CREPC, we agree that neither 
the statute nor Order No. 672 provides explicitly for Commission-
approved ERO funding of a Regional Advisory Body, nor does either 
explicitly preclude such funding. As Western Governors commented in 
response to our proposed rule, under the statute the Commission must 
establish a Regional Advisory Body if it meets the explicit statutory 
criteria. In response to this comment by Western Governors and others, 
Order No. 672 reflects this requirement. However, Western Governors/
CREPC does not indicate what would be the nature or scope of the 
funding for the Regional Advisory Body that it would like to see 
codified in our regulations. Order No. 672 appropriately does not 
automatically provide for ratepayer funding for any Regional Advisory 
Body through section 215 of the FPA without an opportunity to consider 
the nature, size, and cost of Regional Advisory Body activities. We 
recognize that, in some regions, the governors may prefer to provide 
state funding for such a Body to ensure its independence from the 
entities it must advise, namely, the ERO, the Regional Entity, and the 
Commission.
    67. Our approach in Order No. 672 is to codify the requirement to 
establish such a Body, upon petition, if it meets the statutory 
criteria, and to consider subsequently any funding request. In response 
to any such request, the Commission would consider what activities are 
covered by the requested funds. Any such request would have to specify, 
for example, whether the funding is just for the travel expenses of 
Regional Advisory Body members, or goes beyond that to include funding 
for other things (such as funding for state employees who support the 
members of the Regional Advisory Body, non-governmental employee 
staffing for the Regional Advisory Body itself, outside consultants or 
reliability experts, costs of any studies, or any other intended 
activities). Since this request would be part of the ERO's overall 
budget, we would be able to consider also the recommendation of the ERO 
and any relevant Regional Entity. These considerations are beyond the 
scope of this rulemaking and best considered with a specific 
application before us. For these reasons, we deny the request for 
rehearing of Order No. 672 but clarify that this denial is without 
prejudice to any possible future ERO request for Regional Advisory Body 
funding in its budget (including that portion of its budget that 
provides funding for the activities of the Regional Entities).
    68. For example, one mechanism that the ERO may choose to consider 
is the funding of a Regional Advisory Body through the sharing of 
costs. The ERO could seek Commission approval of a ``matching'' program 
in which Commission-approved funding would be permitted in an amount up 
to that contributed by the relevant states to the Regional Advisory 
Body's budget for section 215 activities. The Commission will consider 
this or other proposed approaches to Regional Advisory Body funding on 
a case-by-case basis.
2. Allocation of ERO Costs
    69. SoCal Ed contends that the Final Rule does not address its 
comment that RTOs and ISOs, if allocated section 215 reliability costs, 
should be required to amend their Commission-approved tariffs to 
provide a method for the allocation of such costs to end users in their 
footprint. It argues that failure to do this could deny RTO and ISO 
members due process and subject them to regulatory uncertainty.
Commission Conclusion
    70. We agree with SoCal Ed that an RTO or ISO may need to amend its 
Commission-approved tariff to provide a method for the recovery of 
costs if it is allocated ERO costs. SoCal Ed is assuming that an RTO or 
ISO rather than a load-serving entity will be allocated such costs. 
Order No. 672 states that ``cost allocation and cost responsibility 
questions should be addressed first by the ERO and submitted together 
with a proposal for revenue collection for Commission approval.'' \58\ 
Because we do not have a cost allocation proposal before us yet, it is 
premature for the Commission to consider whether to amend its 
regulations to require ISOs and RTOs to amend their tariff.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \58\ Id. at P 242.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Information Collection Statement

    71. Order No. 672 contains information collection requirements for 
which the Commission obtained approval from the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB). Given that this Order on Rehearing makes only one 
minor revision to the regulation text of Order No. 672 and other minor 
clarifications to Order No. 672, OMB approval for this order is not 
necessary. However, the Commission will send a copy of this order to 
OMB for informational purposes.

IV. Document Availability

    72. In addition to publishing the full text of this document in the 
Federal Register, the Commission provides all interested persons an 
opportunity to view and/or print the contents of this document via the 
Internet through FERC's Home Page (http://www.ferc.gov) and in FERC's 

Public Reference Room during normal business hours (8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. 
Eastern time) at 888 First Street, NE., Room 2A, Washington, DC 20426.
    73. From the Commission's Home Page on the Internet, this 
information is available in the Commission's document management 
system, eLibrary. The full text of this document is available on 
eLibrary in PDF and Microsoft Word format for viewing, printing, and/or 
downloading. To access this document in eLibrary, type the docket 
number excluding the last three digits of this document in the docket 
number field.
    74. User assistance is available for eLibrary and the FERC's Web 
site during

[[Page 19823]]

normal business hours. For assistance, please contact FERC Online 
Support at 1-866-208-3676 (toll free) or 202-502-6652 (e-mail at 
FERCOnlineSupport@FERC.gov), or the Public Reference Room at 202-502-

8371, TTY 202-502-8659 (e-mail at public.referenceroom@ferc.gov).

V. Effective Date

    75. Changes to Order No. 672 made in this order on rehearing will 
become effective on May 18, 2006.

List of Subjects in 18 CFR Part 39

    Administrative practice and procedure, Electric power, Penalties, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    By the Commission.
Magalie R. Salas,
Secretary.

0
In consideration of the foregoing, the Commission amends Chapter I, 
Title 18, Code of Federal Regulations to read as follows:

PART 39--RULES CONCERNING CERTIFICATION OF THE ELECTRIC RELIABILITY 
ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT, APPROVAL, AND 
ENFORCEMENT OF ELECTRIC RELIABILITY STANDARDS

0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 8240.

0
2. In Sec.  39.6, paragraphs (b)(1) and (c) are revised to read as 
follows:

Sec.  39.6  Conflict of a Reliability Standard with a Commission Order.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) The Transmission Organization to file a modification of the 
conflicting function, rule, order, tariff, rate schedule, or agreement 
pursuant to section 206 of the Federal Power Act, as appropriate, or
* * * * *
    (c) The Transmission Organization shall continue to comply with the 
function, rule, order, tariff, rate schedule, or agreement accepted, 
approved, or ordered by the Commission until the Commission finds that 
a conflict exists, the Commission orders a change to such provision 
pursuant to section 206 of the Federal Power Act, and the ordered 
change becomes effective.

[FR Doc. 06-3631 Filed 4-17-06; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6717-01-P