Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2003-0003-0004
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-03-12T05:00Z

References
Alliance
of
Automobile
Manufacturers,
Inc.,
the
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association,
and
the
Utility
Water
Act
Group,
the
American
Forest
&
Paper
Association,
and
the
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Settlement
Agreement,
October
19,
2000.

ASTM
D6091,
Standard
Practice
for
99
%/
95
%
Interlaboratory
Detection
Estimate
(
IDE)
for
Analytical
Methods
with
Negligible
Calibration
Error,
1991.

ASTM
Practice
D
2777,
Standard
Practice
Interlaboratory
Quantitation
Estimate,
2000.

Barwick,
V.
J.,
and
Ellison,
S.
L.
R.
(
2000),
Protocol
for
Uncertainty
Evaluation
from
Validation
Data,
Report
Number
LGC/
VAM/
1998/
088.

Box,
G.
E.
P.,
W.
G.
Hunter,
and
J.
S
Hunter
(
1978),
Statistics
for
Experimenters:
An
Introduction
to
Design,
Data
Analysis,
and
Model
Building,
Wiley
and
Sons,
New
York.

Clayton
C.
A.,
J.
W.
Hines,
and
P.
D.
Elkins
(
1987),
Detection
Limits
with
Specified
Assurance
Probabilities,
Analytical
Chemistry
59:
2506­
2514.

Crumbling,
D.
(
2002),
Environmental
Quality:
Closing
the
Decision­
Data
Loop.
Presented
at
224th
ACS
National
Meeting,
Boston,
MA.

Currie,
L.
A.
(
1968),
Limits
for
Quantitative
Detection
and
Quantitative
Determination,
Analytical
Chemistry
40:
586­
593.

Currie,
L.
A.
(
1995),
Nomenclature
in
Evaluation
of
Analytical
Methods
including
Detection
and
Quantification
Capabilities,
Pure
and
Appl.
Chem.
67:
10,
1699­
1722.

Currie,
L.
A.
(
1999a),
Nomenclature
in
Evaluation
of
Analytical
Methods
Including
Detection
and
Quantification
Capabilities
(
IUPAC
Recommendations
1995)
Anal.
Chim.
Acta
391,
105­
126.

Currie,
L.
A.
(
1999b),
Detection
and
Quantification
Limits:
Origins
and
Historical
Overview,
Anal.
Chim.
Acta
391,
127­
134.

Currie,
L.
A.
(
2000),
Detection
and
quantification
capabilities
and
the
evaluation
of
low­
level
data:
Some
international
perspectives
and
continuing
challenges,
J.
Radioanalytical
and
Nuclear
Chem,
Vol.
245,
145­
156.

Daubert
v.
Merrell
Dow
Pharmaceuticals,
509
U.
S.
579
(
1993).

Ellison,
S.
L.
R.,
M.
Rosslein,
and
A.
Williams
(
2000),
Quantifying
Uncertainty
in
Analytical
Measurement,
2nd
ed.,
Eurachem/
CITAC.

Federal
Register
(
1979),
Guidelines
Establishing
Test
Procedures
for
the
Analysis
of
Pollutants
Under
the
Clean
Water
Act;
Proposed
Rule
(
44
FR
69463).

Federal
Register
(
1984),
Guidelines
Establishing
Test
Procedures
for
the
Analysis
of
Pollutants
Under
the
Clean
Water
Act;
Final
Rule
and
Interim
Final
Rule,
and
Proposed
Rule
(
49
FR
43234).

February
2003
R­
1
Assessment
of
Detection
and
Quantitation
Approaches
Federal
Register
(
1987),
National
Primary
Drinking
Water
Regulations
­
Synthetic
Organic
Chemicals
Monitoring
for
Unregulated
Contaminants;
Final
Rule,
52
FR
25699.

Federal
Register
(
1992),
National
Primary
Drinking
Water
Regulations;
Synthetic
Organic
Chemicals
and
Inorganic
Chemicals;
Final
Rule,
57
FR
31800.

Federal
Register
(
1998),
Federal
Participation
in
the
Development
and
Use
of
Voluntary
Consensus
Standards
and
in
Conformity
Assessment
Activities,
OMB
Circular
A­
119,
63
FR
8546.

Federal
Register
(
1999),
Guidelines
Establishing
Test
Procedures
for
the
Analysis
of
Pollutants;
Measurement
of
Mercury
in
Water
(
EPA
Method
1631,
Revision
B);
Final
Rule,
64
FR
30417.

Gibbons,
R.
D.
(
1994),
Statistical
Methods
for
Groundwater
Monitoring,
Wiley
and
Sons,
New
York.

Gibbons,
R.
D.,
F.
H.
Jarke,
K.
P.
Stoub
(
1991),
Detection
Limits:
For
Linear
Calibration
Curves
with
Increasing
Variance
and
Multiple
Future
Detection
Decisions,
Waste
Testing
and
Quality
Assurance:
ASTM
STP
1075,
D.
Friedman,
ed.,
American
Society
for
Testing
and
Materials,
Philadelphia,
3:
337­
390.

Gibbons,
R.
D.,
D.
E.
Coleman,
and
R.
F.
Maddalone
(
1997),
Response
to
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification,"
Env.
Sci.
and
Tech.
31:
7
2071­
2077.

Glaser,
J.,
D.
Foerst,
G.
McKee,
S.
Quave,
and
W.
Budde
(
1981),
Trace
Analyses
for
Wastewaters,
Env.
Sci.
&
Tech
15:
1426­
1435.

Glaser,
John
(
2003),
e­
mail
to
Dale
Rushneck,
February
3,
2003,
 
Replicates
for
MDL. 

Guide
to
the
Expression
of
Uncertainty
in
Measurement
(
1993),
International
Organization
for
Standardization,
Geneva.

Hahn,
G.
J.,
and
W.
Q.
Meeker
(
1991),
Statistical
Intervals:
A
Guide
for
Practitioners,
Wiley
and
Sons,
New
York.

Hogg,
R.
V.,
and
A.
T.
Craig
(
1995),
Introduction
to
Mathematical
Statistics,
Prentice
Hall,
Englewood
Cliffs,
NJ.

Hubaux,
A.
and
G.
Vos
(
1970),
Decision
and
Detection
Limits
for
Linear
Calibration
Curves,
Analytical
Chemistry
42:
849­
855.

Keith,
L.
H.,
et
al.
(
1983),
Principles
of
Environmental
Analysis,
Anal.
Chem.
55:
14,
2210­
2218.

Kumho
Tire
Company,
Ltd.
v.
Carmichael,
526
U.
S.
137
(
1999).

Larsen,
R.
J.,
and
M.
L.
Marx
(
1999),
Introduction
to
Mathematical
Statistics
and
Its
Application,
Prentice
Hall,
Englewood
Cliffs,
NJ.

Maddalone,
R.,
J.
Rice,
B.
Edmondson,
B.
Nott,
and
J.
Scott
(
1993),
Defining
Detection
and
Quantitation
Levels,
Water
Environment
and
Technology
5,
41
­
44.

MacDougall,
D.,
et
al.
(
1980),
Guidelines
for
Data
Acquisition
and
Data
Quality
Evaluation
in
Environmental
Chemistry,
Anal.
Chem.
52:
14,
2242­
2249.

R­
2
February
2003
Chapter
6
Oblinger
Childress,
C.
J.,
W.
T.
Foreman,
B.
F.
Connor,
and
T.
J.
Mahoney
(
1999),
New
Reporting
Procedures
Based
on
Long­
Term
Method
Detection
Levels
and
Some
Considerations
for
Interpretations
of
Water­
Quality
Data
Provided
by
the
U.
S.
Geological
Survey
National
Water
Quality
Laboratory,
U.
S.
Geological
Survey
Open­
File­
Report
99­
193,
Reston,
VA.

Patterson,
C.
C.
and
D.
M.
Settle,
(
1976),
NBS
Special
Publication
422,
Accuracy
in
Trace
Analysis:
Sampling,
Sample
Handling,
and
Analysis
1,
321.

Pratt,
J.
W.,
and
J.
D.
Gibbons
(
1981),
Concepts
of
Non­
parametric
Theory,
Springer­
Verlag,
New
York.

Rocke,
D.
and
S.
Lorenzato
(
1995)
A
Two­
Component
Model
for
Measurement
Error
in
Analytical
Chemistry,
Technometrics
37:
176­
184.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1972),
Handbook
for
Analytical
Quality
Control
in
Water
and
Wastewater
Laboratories.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1992),
Test
Methods
for
Evaluating
Solid
Waste,
Physical/
Chemical
Methods
(
SW­
846),
Chapter
1,
Revision
1,
July
1992.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1993),
Guidance
on
Evaluation,
Resolution,
and
Documentation
of
Analytical
Problems
Associated
with
Compliance
Monitoring,
EPA
821­
B­
93­
001.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1994),
Draft
National
Guidance
for
the
Permitting,
Monitoring,
and
Enforcement
of
Water
Quality­
based
Effluent
Limitations
Set
Below
Analytical
Detection/
Quantitation
Levels.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1998),
EPA s
Study
Plan
for
Characterizing
Variability
as
a
Function
of
Concentration
for
a
Variety
of
Analytical
Techniques.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1998),
Results
of
the
Interlaboratory
Validation
Study
of
EPA
Method
1631.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1998),
Study
Plan
for
Characterizing
Error
as
a
Function
of
Concentration
for
Determination
of
Pollutants
by
Gas
Chromatography/
Mass
Spectrometry
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1998),
Science
Policy
Council
Handbook.
EPA
100­
B­
98­
001.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
1999),
EPA
Method
1631,
Revision
B:
Mercury
in
Water
by
Oxidation,
Purge
and
Trap,
and
Cold
Vapor
Atomic
Fluorescence
Spectrometry,
EPA
821­
R­
99­
005.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
2000),
Science
Policy
Council
Handbook,
2nd
ed..
EPA
100­
B­
00­
001.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
2001),
EPA s
Guidance
for
Implementation
and
Use
of
EPA
Method
1631
for
the
Determination
of
Low­
Level
Mercury,
EPA
821­
R­
01­
023.

Youden,
W.
J.
and
E.
H.
Steiner
(
1975),
Statistical
Manual
of
the
Association
of
Official
Analytical
Chemists
AOAC­
International,
Gaithersburg,
MD.

February
2003
R­
3