Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0339-0010
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2008-05-28T04:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D. C.  20460

		

	OFFICE OF

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

August 29, 2007

									PC Code: 027412 (“027419”)

									DP Barcode: 340773

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: 	Drinking Water Assessment for the BAM (2,6-Dichlorobenzamide)
Degradate of 

		Dichlobenil 

FROM: 	Jonathan Angier, Ph.D.

		Environmental Risk Branch 2

		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)	

		

TO:		Janet Whitehurst, RM Reviewer

		Fungicide Branch

		Registration Division (7505C)

THRU:	Dana Spatz, Acting Branch Chief		

		Environmental Risk Branch 2

		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)	

	This memorandum evaluates the impact of the Dichlobenil degradate
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) on drinking water resources, based upon
currently approved Dichlobenil uses.  The toxic degradate of concern,
BAM, is formed as a result of accepted usage of the parent dichobenil. 
Results from this evaluation can be compared with the Drinking Water
Assessment (DWA) for the BAM degradate resulting from the use of
Fluopicolide (027412 DP325804 BAM DWA).  This assessment utilizes known
physical/chemical characteristics of BAM, combined with estimated rates
of formation of the degradate following dichlobenil application.  The
OPP/EFED Tier 2 surface water model PRZM-EXAMS was used in this
assessment.  Percent Cropped Area (PCA) corrections were applied for
appropriate crops as well.  Dichlobenil use is currently registered for:
Control of weeds in fruit and nut orchards (6 lbs a.i./acre), Non-crop
areas (12 lbs a.i./acre), and, Control of Nutsedge (10 lbs a.i./acre). 
Note that this memorandum replaces an earlier version where Nutsedge
usage was evaluated at 20 lbs a.i./acre; current label restricts this
use to a maximum application rate of 10 lbs a.i./acre.  New use on
Rhubarb (2 lbs a.i./acre) is also pending.  A screening assessment for
the impact of BAM on potential groundwater drinking water sources, using
the Tier 1 groundwater model SciGrow, has also been conducted.  Results
and conclusions are contained herein.  

	Below are the model results for predicted surface water concentrations
(using the PRZM-EXAMS model) and groundwater concentrations (using
SciGrow).  There were no specific PRZM scenarios for some uses (e.g.,
Nutsedge control, Rhubarb), so the closest surrogates were used instead.
 For Rhubarb, the nearest surrogates for which scenarios were available
(in terms of crop type, agricultural practices, and setting) were:
Lettuce, Cabbage, and Sugar Beet, in the states of California, Florida,
and Minnesota.  The most protective surrogate, Lettuce grown in
California, was used in this assessment.  For other cases, the Oregon
Apple PRZM scenario was used for orchard crops, Florida Turf was used as
a proxy for Nutsedge control in non-crop areas, and Florida Turf used
for weed control in non-crop areas.  However, since the weed control in
non-crop areas is typically applied beneath a semi-protective layer such
as concrete, vinyl liner, etc., it is not expected to contribute
substantially to runoff or infiltration (as the covering will restrict
contact with water).  Thus, for “non crop area weed control” only,
the EECs provided below are not truly representative of what would be
expected under approved usage patterns (e.g., under concrete, asphalt,
etc).  

	Each run was performed using fate and mobility parameters for BAM only.
 To determine the equivalent amount of BAM degradate applied as a result
of dichlobenil usage, the ‘applied’ BAM amounts were calculated by
multiplying the maximum amount of BAM expected to form as a result of
registered dichlobenil use (13.1%) by the (maximum allowed for each
scenario) amounts of dichlobenil applied.  However, since BAM has a
different molecular weight (190.3 g/mol) than parent dichlobenil (172
g/L), a further correction was applied.  Thus, in terms of total mass,
BAM represents 14.5% of parent dichlobenil.  Results are listed below;
Rhubarb and Orchard values have had Percent Cropped Area (PCA)
adjustments of 87% applied, while the nutsedge control and other
non-crop uses have no PCA applied.

SURFACE WATER DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATIONS (ppb) FOR THE DEGRADATE BAM
(RESULTING FROM DICHLOBENIL USE), MODELED USING PRZM-EXAMS

Scenario	Peak (acute)	1 in 10 Year Annual Mean		30 Year Overall Mean

FLturf (Nutsedge control):

20.9				8.61					3.97

CAlettuce (surrogate for Rhubarb):	

		12.9				6.59					3.69

FLturf (non-crop weed control):

		25.5				10.5					4.84

ORapple (Orchards):

		6.13				3.63					0.896

Results for estimated (high-end) groundwater BAM concentrations from
SciGrow were obtained using the maximum proposed application rates
(adjusted to reflect 14.5% of applied dichlobenil) and the available
fate parameters for BAM.  

GROUND WATER DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATIONS FOR BAM, RESULTING FROM
PARENT DICHLOBENIL USE – MODELED USING SCIGROW

SciGrow output for Nutsedge control use = 56.2 ppb

SciGrow output for non-crop weed control use = 67.4 ppb

SciGrow output for Orchard use = 33.7 ppb

SciGrow output for Rhubarb use = 11.2 ppb

FATE PARAMETERS USED FOR MODELING BAM

Parameter	Value	Reference

Molecular Weight	190.03 g/mol	Product Chemistry (HSDB, 2002)

Vapor Pressure	3.26×10-5 mmHg	Product Chemistry (HSDB, 2002)

Henry’s Law Constant	1.22×10-9 atm/mol.m3	Product Chemistry (HSDB,
2002)

Solubility	2700 mg/L	Product Chemistry (HSDB, 2002)

Koc	30	(HSDB, 2002)

Hydrolysis	pH 5: Stable

pH 7: Stable

pH 9: Stable	(HSDB, 2002)

Aqueous Photolysis	Stable	Assumed

Aerobic Aquatic	730 days	2X Aerobic Soil

Anaerobic Aquatic	Stable	Assumed

Aerobic Soil	365 days	(HSDB, 2002)

Environmental Fate Summary:

	Dichlobenil dissipates in the environment (on soil and in surface
water) principally by volatilization. However, it is persistent under
field conditions that reduce the potential for volatilization (e.g.,
cooler climates).  When transformation occurs through aerobic soil
metabolism, a degradate, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), is generated
(13.1% at 50 weeks – MRID 41340601).  Under conditions where
dichlobenil does not volatilize there is potential for both dichlobenil
and BAM to move into ground water; this is especially likely in regions
with soils that are permeable and have low organic matter content, and
where groundwater is shallow.

	Terrestrial field dissipation study results were consistent with lab
study results, with volatilization occurring more readily in warmer
climates.  Field dissipation studies also determined that BAM forms
throughout the subsurface and typically leaches much further into the
soil profile than the parent (MRID 41385601).  Dichlobenil was detected
in an Oregon soil (silt loam) at depths up to 60 inches, with most of
the compound remaining within the top 12 inches over the course of the
540 day study.  The degradate BAM was found at depths of 96 inches;
however, this was the deepest depth sampled in this study, so it is
likely that BAM is capable of penetrating much deeper, especially since
it was found at this depth in most of the sampling intervals.  These
deeper samples were not obtained until 393 days after treatment, so BAM
had penetrated below 96 inches prior to this time. 

	BAM can be very mobile and persistent under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions.  A Tier 1 groundwater assessment (SciGrow model) yielded
predicted ground water drinking water concentrations ranging from 8.9 to
88.7 ppb.  With an estimated lifetime Health Advisory of 9 ppb for
dichlobenil, it is possible that residues that exceed these levels will
be found in groundwater.  There is currently insufficient data available
specifically on the formation and degradation of BAM from dichlobenil,
and its fate in the environment.  Thus, there are limitations to the
accuracy with which BAM (resulting from dichlobenil use) can be
assessed.  However, given what is known about BAM (e.g., solubility,
persistence, leaching potential), combined with results of the SciGrow
model runs (see above), it is likely to be a greater concern for
groundwater than the parent dichlobenil.

Additional environmental fate information was provided by a report,
entitled “Evaluation of Health Hazards by Exposure to BAM
(2,6-Dichlorobenzamide) and Risk Characterization of Drinking Water
Exposure,” by the Danish Toxicology Centre.  Summarized results are as
follows:

“If BAM was released to air, an estimated vapour pressure of 3.3 x
10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates BAM will exist in both the vapour and
particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere (HSDB, 2002). Vapour-phase
BAM will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically
produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is
estimated to be 5.6 days.  Particulate phase BAM will be removed from
the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition.”

“If released to soil, BAM is expected to have very high mobility based
upon a Koc of 30 (HSDB, 2002). Thus, BAM is expected to leach into
groundwater through soil, and this has been confirmed in samples from
water supply wells analyzed for BAM (Jørgensen, 2002).”

“Volatilization of BAM from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be
an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant
of 1.2 x 10-9 (atm x m3)/mole (HSDB, 2002).  Using a soil grab sample,
0.4%, 0.9%, 3%, and 6.1% of BAM (initial concentration 1 mg/l) degraded
after 4, 12, 51, and 110 days of incubation, respectively, which
suggests that BAM does not biodegrade rapidly in soil (HSDB, 2002).”

“If released into water, BAM is not expected to adsorb to suspended
solids and sediment based upon the Koc (HSDB, 2002).”

“A BCF of 10 for Golden Ide fish suggests that bioconcentration in
aquatic organisms is low (HSDB, 2002).  BAM does not biodegrade rapidly
in water (HSDB, 2002). Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the
slow rate of reaction for amide functional groups.”

PRZM-EXAMS RUN FOR BAM, BASED ON DICHLOBENIL USE ON RHUBARB (CA
lettuce)

stored as BAM-CA.out

Chemical: BAM

PRZM environment: CAlettuceC.txt	modified Monday, 11 October 2004 at
15:23:40

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w23273.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:22

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	11.71	11.64	11.36	7.787	5.191	1.28

1962	10.58	10.51	10.23	9.628	9.203	6.531

1963	4.308	4.282	4.178	4.094	3.967	3.05

1964	9.403	9.361	9.142	8.61	6.471	2.909

1965	7.682	7.633	7.43	6.997	6.69	5.002

1966	5.379	5.346	5.209	4.914	4.703	3.503

1967	3.339	3.319	3.234	3.051	2.92	2.104

1968	14.95	14.85	14.47	13.7	11.9	3.827

1969	11.69	11.61	11.3	10.64	10.18	7.451

1970	6.411	6.371	6.24	5.898	5.646	4.294

1971	5.697	5.661	5.513	5.196	4.97	3.455

1972	5.101	5.073	4.963	4.755	4.309	2.127

1973	4.349	4.322	4.209	3.967	3.795	2.795

1974	13.71	13.64	13.27	10.9	8.096	3.354

1975	12.56	12.47	12.14	11.42	10.92	7.597

1976	13.09	13.01	12.74	12.21	11.86	6.209

1977	9.457	9.399	9.159	8.639	8.269	5.809

1978	24.12	23.95	23.25	21.78	20.89	9.207

1979	16.78	16.68	16.25	15.33	14.68	10.69

1980	8.93	8.872	8.632	7.073	6.775	5.153

1981	8.155	8.103	7.888	7.66	7.364	5.803

1982	6.413	6.375	6.214	5.865	5.614	3.945

1983	4.942	4.907	4.772	4.546	4.363	2.366

1984	3.778	3.754	3.658	3.45	3.302	2.496

1985	5.264	5.229	5.126	4.601	3.606	2.118

1986	8.804	8.755	8.567	8.103	8.082	4.454

1987	7.879	7.832	7.634	7.203	6.894	4.978

1988	3.743	3.721	3.628	3.428	3.283	2.314

1989	2.03	2.018	1.967	1.858	1.779	1.362

1990	1.635	1.624	1.578	1.481	1.421	1.005

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	24.12	23.95	23.25	21.78	20.89	10.69

0.0645161290322581	16.78	16.68	16.25	15.33	14.68	9.207

0.0967741935483871	14.95	14.85	14.47	13.7	11.9	7.597

0.129032258064516	13.71	13.64	13.27	12.21	11.86	7.451

0.161290322580645	13.09	13.01	12.74	11.42	10.92	6.531

0.193548387096774	12.56	12.47	12.14	10.9	10.18	6.209

0.225806451612903	11.71	11.64	11.36	10.64	9.203	5.809

0.258064516129032	11.69	11.61	11.3	9.628	8.269	5.803

0.290322580645161	10.58	10.51	10.23	8.639	8.096	5.153

0.32258064516129	9.457	9.399	9.159	8.61	8.082	5.002

0.354838709677419	9.403	9.361	9.142	8.103	7.364	4.978

0.387096774193548	8.93	8.872	8.632	7.787	6.894	4.454

0.419354838709677	8.804	8.755	8.567	7.66	6.775	4.294

0.451612903225806	8.155	8.103	7.888	7.203	6.69	3.945

0.483870967741936	7.879	7.832	7.634	7.073	6.471	3.827

0.516129032258065	7.682	7.633	7.43	6.997	5.646	3.503

0.548387096774194	6.413	6.375	6.24	5.898	5.614	3.455

0.580645161290323	6.411	6.371	6.214	5.865	5.191	3.354

0.612903225806452	5.697	5.661	5.513	5.196	4.97	3.05

0.645161290322581	5.379	5.346	5.209	4.914	4.703	2.909

0.67741935483871	5.264	5.229	5.126	4.755	4.363	2.795

0.709677419354839	5.101	5.073	4.963	4.601	4.309	2.496

0.741935483870968	4.942	4.907	4.772	4.546	3.967	2.366

0.774193548387097	4.349	4.322	4.209	4.094	3.795	2.314

0.806451612903226	4.308	4.282	4.178	3.967	3.606	2.127

0.838709677419355	3.778	3.754	3.658	3.45	3.302	2.118

0.870967741935484	3.743	3.721	3.628	3.428	3.283	2.104

0.903225806451613	3.339	3.319	3.234	3.051	2.92	1.362

0.935483870967742	2.03	2.018	1.967	1.858	1.779	1.28

0.967741935483871	1.635	1.624	1.578	1.481	1.421	1.005

0.1	14.826	14.729	14.35	13.551	11.896	7.5824

					Average of yearly averages:	4.2396

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: BAM-CA

Metfile:	w23273.dvf

PRZM scenario:	CAlettuceC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	BAM

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	190.03	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.22E-9	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.26E-5	torr

Solubility	sol	2700	mg/L

Kd	Kd		mg/L

Koc	Koc	30	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	0	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	730	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	365	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	1	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.324	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.0	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-6	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.0

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)

PRZM-EXAMS RUN FOR BAM, BASED ON DICHLOBENIL NON-CROP USE ON NUTSEDGE
(FL turf)

stored as BAM-FL10.out

Chemical: BAM

PRZM environment: FLturfC.txt	modified Monday, 16 June 2003 at 13:48:06

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w12834.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	0.7217	0.7136	0.6961	0.6411	0.5992	0.2606

1962	2.955	2.939	2.829	2.577	2.404	1.151

1963	15.89	15.72	15.08	13.8	12.88	5.834

1964	6.707	6.653	6.43	5.957	5.622	3.726

1965	9.448	9.375	9.116	8.378	7.836	4.05

1966	17.44	17.27	16.59	15.12	14.11	7.488

1967	17.73	17.56	16.88	15.44	14.44	8.665

1968	61.29	60.67	58.26	53.18	49.63	24.41

1969	28.36	28.08	26.95	24.59	22.99	17.72

1970	10.99	10.9	10.55	9.793	9.252	5.759

1971	5.304	5.252	5.039	4.595	4.292	2.667

1972	5.787	5.736	5.518	5.03	4.697	2.774

1973	2.36	2.341	2.263	2.097	1.979	1.21

1974	6.683	6.616	6.343	5.823	5.442	2.613

1975	2.54	2.519	2.432	2.249	2.12	1.526

1976	21.26	21.05	20.26	18.58	17.35	8.084

1977	8.108	8.044	7.781	7.22	6.815	4.266

1978	7.318	7.244	6.954	6.335	5.917	3.267

1979	2.752	2.73	2.639	2.446	2.31	1.453

1980	0.7132	0.7083	0.681	0.6246	0.5861	0.4715

1981	1.533	1.517	1.454	1.323	1.235	0.5976

1982	4.254	4.211	4.04	3.68	3.435	1.722

1983	9.396	9.303	8.926	8.131	7.585	3.934

1984	3.613	3.585	3.466	3.214	3.035	1.903

1985	0.9494	0.9401	0.9024	0.8243	0.771	0.613

1986	0.3847	0.3817	0.3692	0.3423	0.3233	0.1987

1987	0.2901	0.2872	0.2753	0.2505	0.2336	0.1269

1988	4.531	4.486	4.298	3.913	3.649	1.663

1989	1.716	1.702	1.643	1.519	1.432	0.8699

1990	0.3606	0.3577	0.3459	0.3205	0.3025	0.223

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	61.29	60.67	58.26	53.18	49.63	24.41

0.0645161290322581	28.36	28.08	26.95	24.59	22.99	17.72

0.0967741935483871	21.26	21.05	20.26	18.58	17.35	8.665

0.129032258064516	17.73	17.56	16.88	15.44	14.44	8.084

0.161290322580645	17.44	17.27	16.59	15.12	14.11	7.488

0.193548387096774	15.89	15.72	15.08	13.8	12.88	5.834

0.225806451612903	10.99	10.9	10.55	9.793	9.252	5.759

0.258064516129032	9.448	9.375	9.116	8.378	7.836	4.266

0.290322580645161	9.396	9.303	8.926	8.131	7.585	4.05

0.32258064516129	8.108	8.044	7.781	7.22	6.815	3.934

0.354838709677419	7.318	7.244	6.954	6.335	5.917	3.726

0.387096774193548	6.707	6.653	6.43	5.957	5.622	3.267

0.419354838709677	6.683	6.616	6.343	5.823	5.442	2.774

0.451612903225806	5.787	5.736	5.518	5.03	4.697	2.667

0.483870967741936	5.304	5.252	5.039	4.595	4.292	2.613

0.516129032258065	4.531	4.486	4.298	3.913	3.649	1.903

0.548387096774194	4.254	4.211	4.04	3.68	3.435	1.722

0.580645161290323	3.613	3.585	3.466	3.214	3.035	1.663

0.612903225806452	2.955	2.939	2.829	2.577	2.404	1.526

0.645161290322581	2.752	2.73	2.639	2.446	2.31	1.453

0.67741935483871	2.54	2.519	2.432	2.249	2.12	1.21

0.709677419354839	2.36	2.341	2.263	2.097	1.979	1.151

0.741935483870968	1.716	1.702	1.643	1.519	1.432	0.8699

0.774193548387097	1.533	1.517	1.454	1.323	1.235	0.613

0.806451612903226	0.9494	0.9401	0.9024	0.8243	0.771	0.5976

0.838709677419355	0.7217	0.7136	0.6961	0.6411	0.5992	0.4715

0.870967741935484	0.7132	0.7083	0.681	0.6246	0.5861	0.2606

0.903225806451613	0.3847	0.3817	0.3692	0.3423	0.3233	0.223

0.935483870967742	0.3606	0.3577	0.3459	0.3205	0.3025	0.1987

0.967741935483871	0.2901	0.2872	0.2753	0.2505	0.2336	0.1269

0.1	20.907	20.701	19.922	18.266	17.059	8.6069

					Average of yearly averages:	3.97487333333333

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: BAM-FL10

Metfile:	w12834.dvf

PRZM scenario:	FLturfC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	BAM

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	190.03	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.22E-9	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.26E-5	torr

Solubility	sol	2700	mg/L

Kd	Kd		mg/L

Koc	Koc	30	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	0	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	730	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	365	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	1	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	1.6	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.0	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-6	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.0

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)

PRZM-EXAMS RUN FOR BAM, BASED ON DICHLOBENIL USE FOR WEED CONTROL ON
NON-CROPS (FL turf)

stored as BAM-FL12.out

Chemical: BAM

PRZM environment: FLturfC.txt	modified Monday, 16 June 2003 at 13:48:06

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w12834.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	0.8796	0.87	0.8488	0.7818	0.7307	0.3178

1962	3.601	3.582	3.447	3.14	2.929	1.403

1963	19.36	19.16	18.37	16.81	15.69	7.108

1964	8.172	8.106	7.834	7.258	6.85	4.54

1965	11.51	11.42	11.11	10.21	9.549	4.935

1966	21.25	21.04	20.22	18.43	17.2	9.125

1967	21.6	21.39	20.57	18.81	17.59	10.56

1968	74.69	73.94	70.99	64.81	60.49	29.74

1969	34.57	34.24	32.86	29.98	28.03	21.6

1970	13.4	13.29	12.86	11.94	11.28	7.021

1971	6.464	6.401	6.141	5.6	5.231	3.25

1972	7.052	6.991	6.725	6.13	5.725	3.381

1973	2.876	2.853	2.758	2.555	2.412	1.475

1974	8.144	8.063	7.73	7.095	6.631	3.184

1975	3.095	3.069	2.964	2.74	2.584	1.859

1976	25.92	25.66	24.7	22.65	21.16	9.855

1977	9.884	9.806	9.486	8.802	8.308	5.201

1978	8.92	8.829	8.476	7.722	7.213	3.982

1979	3.354	3.327	3.217	2.982	2.815	1.772

1980	0.8692	0.8633	0.83	0.7613	0.7144	0.5747

1981	1.868	1.849	1.772	1.612	1.505	0.7282

1982	5.184	5.132	4.924	4.485	4.187	2.098

1983	11.45	11.34	10.88	9.911	9.246	4.794

1984	4.404	4.369	4.225	3.917	3.699	2.32

1985	1.157	1.146	1.1	1.005	0.9397	0.7471

1986	0.4689	0.4652	0.4499	0.4172	0.394	0.2422

1987	0.3536	0.35	0.3355	0.3052	0.2847	0.1546

1988	5.522	5.466	5.238	4.768	4.447	2.027

1989	2.091	2.074	2.002	1.851	1.746	1.06

1990	0.4394	0.4359	0.4216	0.3906	0.3687	0.2717

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	74.69	73.94	70.99	64.81	60.49	29.74

0.0645161290322581	34.57	34.24	32.86	29.98	28.03	21.6

0.0967741935483871	25.92	25.66	24.7	22.65	21.16	10.56

0.129032258064516	21.6	21.39	20.57	18.81	17.59	9.855

0.161290322580645	21.25	21.04	20.22	18.43	17.2	9.125

0.193548387096774	19.36	19.16	18.37	16.81	15.69	7.108

0.225806451612903	13.4	13.29	12.86	11.94	11.28	7.021

0.258064516129032	11.51	11.42	11.11	10.21	9.549	5.201

0.290322580645161	11.45	11.34	10.88	9.911	9.246	4.935

0.32258064516129	9.884	9.806	9.486	8.802	8.308	4.794

0.354838709677419	8.92	8.829	8.476	7.722	7.213	4.54

0.387096774193548	8.172	8.106	7.834	7.258	6.85	3.982

0.419354838709677	8.144	8.063	7.73	7.095	6.631	3.381

0.451612903225806	7.052	6.991	6.725	6.13	5.725	3.25

0.483870967741936	6.464	6.401	6.141	5.6	5.231	3.184

0.516129032258065	5.522	5.466	5.238	4.768	4.447	2.32

0.548387096774194	5.184	5.132	4.924	4.485	4.187	2.098

0.580645161290323	4.404	4.369	4.225	3.917	3.699	2.027

0.612903225806452	3.601	3.582	3.447	3.14	2.929	1.859

0.645161290322581	3.354	3.327	3.217	2.982	2.815	1.772

0.67741935483871	3.095	3.069	2.964	2.74	2.584	1.475

0.709677419354839	2.876	2.853	2.758	2.555	2.412	1.403

0.741935483870968	2.091	2.074	2.002	1.851	1.746	1.06

0.774193548387097	1.868	1.849	1.772	1.612	1.505	0.7471

0.806451612903226	1.157	1.146	1.1	1.005	0.9397	0.7282

0.838709677419355	0.8796	0.87	0.8488	0.7818	0.7307	0.5747

0.870967741935484	0.8692	0.8633	0.83	0.7613	0.7144	0.3178

0.903225806451613	0.4689	0.4652	0.4499	0.4172	0.394	0.2717

0.935483870967742	0.4394	0.4359	0.4216	0.3906	0.3687	0.2422

0.967741935483871	0.3536	0.35	0.3355	0.3052	0.2847	0.1546

0.1	25.488	25.233	24.287	22.266	20.803	10.4895

					Average of yearly averages:	4.84421

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: BAM-FL12

Metfile:	w12834.dvf

PRZM scenario:	FLturfC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	BAM

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	190.03	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.22E-9	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.26E-5	torr

Solubility	sol	2700	mg/L

Kd	Kd		mg/L

Koc	Koc	30	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	0	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	730	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	365	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	1	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	1.95	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.0	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-6	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.0

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)

 PRZM-EXAMS RUN FOR BAM, BASED ON DICHLOBENIL USE ON ORCHARDS (OR
apple)

stored as BAM-OR.out

Chemical: BAM

PRZM environment: ORappleC.txt	modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at
16:16:34

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w24229.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:06:10

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	0.006031	0.005992	0.005837	0.005517	0.004051	0.0009989

1962	0.01394	0.01385	0.01355	0.01279	0.0122	0.005692

1963	0.01085	0.01079	0.01054	0.01	0.009609	0.006971

1964	0.004751	0.004726	0.004621	0.004394	0.004229	0.003083

1965	0.01911	0.01899	0.01852	0.01723	0.0118	0.004049

1966	0.5131	0.5095	0.4949	0.4638	0.4421	0.2001

1967	0.2916	0.29	0.2834	0.2691	0.2588	0.1962

1968	9.689	9.623	9.353	8.774	8.402	4.244

1969	5.256	5.229	5.115	4.865	4.682	3.573

1970	2.292	2.281	2.231	2.122	2.042	1.465

1971	1.043	1.036	1.009	0.9528	0.9136	0.7349

1972	0.7345	0.7306	0.7143	0.6787	0.6527	0.4784

1973	0.3182	0.3165	0.3096	0.2945	0.2834	0.2206

1974	0.1625	0.1616	0.1581	0.1504	0.1447	0.1112

1975	0.104	0.1035	0.1011	0.09603	0.09235	0.06547

1976	0.3163	0.3141	0.3053	0.2868	0.2758	0.1201

1977	1.725	1.713	1.666	1.569	1.503	0.8

1978	1.178	1.172	1.145	1.088	1.045	0.7512

1979	0.6569	0.6525	0.6347	0.6086	0.5946	0.4079

1980	1.473	1.463	1.424	1.337	1.276	0.7806

1981	2.21	2.195	2.136	2.007	1.915	1.204

1982	1.181	1.175	1.149	1.092	1.051	0.7445

1983	0.4289	0.4267	0.4174	0.3969	0.3819	0.2813

1984	0.7847	0.7812	0.7602	0.7128	0.6794	0.3783

1985	13.7	13.6	13.24	12.4	11.81	5.856

1986	7.254	7.215	7.052	6.699	6.442	4.643

1987	2.898	2.883	2.821	2.683	2.582	1.829

1988	1.128	1.121	1.092	1.029	0.9838	0.8575

1989	0.6388	0.6354	0.6214	0.5911	0.5691	0.4046

1990	1.027	1.021	0.9993	0.9392	0.8953	0.5172

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	13.7	13.6	13.24	12.4	11.81	5.856

0.0645161290322581	9.689	9.623	9.353	8.774	8.402	4.643

0.0967741935483871	7.254	7.215	7.052	6.699	6.442	4.244

0.129032258064516	5.256	5.229	5.115	4.865	4.682	3.573

0.161290322580645	2.898	2.883	2.821	2.683	2.582	1.829

0.193548387096774	2.292	2.281	2.231	2.122	2.042	1.465

0.225806451612903	2.21	2.195	2.136	2.007	1.915	1.204

0.258064516129032	1.725	1.713	1.666	1.569	1.503	0.8575

0.290322580645161	1.473	1.463	1.424	1.337	1.276	0.8

0.32258064516129	1.181	1.175	1.149	1.092	1.051	0.7806

0.354838709677419	1.178	1.172	1.145	1.088	1.045	0.7512

0.387096774193548	1.128	1.121	1.092	1.029	0.9838	0.7445

0.419354838709677	1.043	1.036	1.009	0.9528	0.9136	0.7349

0.451612903225806	1.027	1.021	0.9993	0.9392	0.8953	0.5172

0.483870967741936	0.7847	0.7812	0.7602	0.7128	0.6794	0.4784

0.516129032258065	0.7345	0.7306	0.7143	0.6787	0.6527	0.4079

0.548387096774194	0.6569	0.6525	0.6347	0.6086	0.5946	0.4046

0.580645161290323	0.6388	0.6354	0.6214	0.5911	0.5691	0.3783

0.612903225806452	0.5131	0.5095	0.4949	0.4638	0.4421	0.2813

0.645161290322581	0.4289	0.4267	0.4174	0.3969	0.3819	0.2206

0.67741935483871	0.3182	0.3165	0.3096	0.2945	0.2834	0.2001

0.709677419354839	0.3163	0.3141	0.3053	0.2868	0.2758	0.1962

0.741935483870968	0.2916	0.29	0.2834	0.2691	0.2588	0.1201

0.774193548387097	0.1625	0.1616	0.1581	0.1504	0.1447	0.1112

0.806451612903226	0.104	0.1035	0.1011	0.09603	0.09235	0.06547

0.838709677419355	0.01911	0.01899	0.01852	0.01723	0.0122	0.006971

0.870967741935484	0.01394	0.01385	0.01355	0.01279	0.0118	0.005692

0.903225806451613	0.01085	0.01079	0.01054	0.01	0.009609	0.004049

0.935483870967742	0.006031	0.005992	0.005837	0.005517	0.004229	0.003083

0.967741935483871	0.004751	0.004726	0.004621	0.004394	0.004051	0.0009989

0.1	7.0542	7.0164	6.8583	6.5156	6.266	4.1769

					Average of yearly averages:	1.02949546333333

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: BAM-OR

Metfile:	w24229.dvf

PRZM scenario:	ORappleC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	BAM

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	190.03	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.22E-9	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.26E-5	torr

Solubility	sol	2700	mg/L

Kd	Kd		mg/L

Koc	Koc	30	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	0	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	730	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	365	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	1	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.973	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.0	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-6	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.0

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)