Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2015-0668-0158
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
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Posted Date: 2016-07-05T04:00Z

<html><head><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/widget095.css" media="all"><script src="http://www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x&fieldName=journal_doi&journal=1752-1688&affiliateId=wiley&format=jsonp&callback=jsonp1348071735936"></script><title>Temporal and Spatial Turbidity Patterns Over 30 Years in a Managed Forest of Western Washington - Reiter - 2009 - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association - Wiley Online Library</title><meta name="robots" content="noarchive"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=7,IE=9,IE=10,chrome=1"><!-- START Google Scholar --><meta xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="citation_journal_title" content="JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association"><meta xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="citation_publisher" content="Blackwell Publishing Ltd"><meta xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="citation_author" content="Reiter, Maryanne"><meta xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="citation_author_institution" content="Respectively, Hydrologist (Reiter) and Geologist (Turner), Weyerhaeuser Company, Environmental Forestry Research, 785 N. 42nd Street, Springfield, Oregon 97478"><meta xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="citation_author" content="Heffner, John T."><meta xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="citation_author_institution" content="Environmental Forestry Research Technicians (Heffner, Beech), Weyerhaeuser Company, 505 N. 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Heffner<sup>2</sup>, </li><li id="cr3">Storm Beech<sup>2</sup>, </li><li id="cr4">Ted Turner<sup>1</sup>, </li><li id="cr5">Robert E. Bilby<sup>3</sup></li></ol><p id="publishedOnlineDate">Article first published online: 20 APR 2009</p><p id="doi">DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x</p><p id="copyright" class="copyright">© 2009 American Water Resources Association</p></div><div id="articleParent"><p class="articleCategory">             Issue           </p><div id="cover" class="journal"><div class="imgShadow"><img src="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/jawr.2009.45.issue-3/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=e4ace5b96790d7630873720af687fd36ad01cf98" alt="JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association" title="JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association"></div></div><div id="metaData"><h2 id="productTitle">JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association</h2><div id="issueDetails"><p class="articleDetails"><a href="/doi/10.1111/jawr.2009.45.issue-3/issuetoc" shape="rect"><span id="volumeNumber">Volume 45</span>,  <span id="issueNumber">Issue 3</span>, </a> <span id="issuePages">pages 793–808</span>, <span id="issueDate">June 2009</span></p></div></div></div></div><div id="additionalInformation"><p class="articleCategory">Additional Information<a href="#">(Show All)</a></p><p id="toggleAddInfo"><a href="#">How to Cite</a><a href="#">Author Information</a><a href="#">Publication History</a></p><div style="clear: left;"><div id="howToCite"><h4>How to Cite</h4><p id="citation">Reiter, M., Heffner, J. T., Beech, S., Turner, T. and Bilby, R. E. (2009), Temporal and Spatial Turbidity Patterns Over 30 Years in a Managed Forest of Western Washington. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 45: 793–808. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x</p></div><div id="authorsDetail"><h4>Author Information</h4><ol id="authorsAffiliations"><li class="affiliation"><sup>1</sup><p>Respectively, Hydrologist (Reiter) and Geologist (Turner), Weyerhaeuser Company, Environmental Forestry Research, 785 N. 42nd Street, Springfield, Oregon 97478</p></li><li class="affiliation"><sup>2</sup><p>Environmental Forestry Research Technicians (Heffner, Beech), Weyerhaeuser Company, 505 N. Pearl Street, Centralia, Washington 98531</p></li><li class="affiliation"><sup>3</sup><p>Senior Scientific Advisor (Bilby), WTC 1A5, 32901 Weyerhaeuser Way S, Federal Way, Washington 98001.</p></li></ol><p id="correspondence"><sup>*</sup>(E-Mail/Reiter: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><a href="mailto:maryanne.reiter@weyerhaeuser.com" title="Link to email address" shape="rect">maryanne.reiter@weyerhaeuser.com</a>)</p></div><ul id="footnotes" class="noteGroup custom"><li id="fn1"><span class="bullet"><sup>†</sup></span><div class="text"><p>               Paper No. JAWRA-07-0155-P of the <em>Journal of the American Water Resources Association</em> (JAWRA). <b>Discussions are open until six months from print publication</b>.</p></div></li></ul><div id="publicationHistoryDetails"><h4>Publication History</h4><ol><li>Issue published online: 26 MAY 2009</li><li>Article first published online: 20 APR 2009</li><li> Received November 8, 2007; accepted December 9, 2008.</li></ol></div></div></div></div>                            </div> <div id="promosAndTools">                      <form method="post" action="/advanced/search/results" id="searchSite" class="searchForm" name="advancedSearchForm" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"><fieldset>                 <h2>SEARCH</h2>                 <div class="searchCriteria">                     <label for="scope">Search Scope</label>                     <select id="scope" name="scope"><option value="allContent">All content</option><option value="publicationTitles">Publication titles</option><option value="journal">In this journal</option><option value="issue" selected="selected">In this issue</option><option value="byCitation">By Citation</option></select>                     <div>                         <label for="searchText">Search String</label>                         <input type="text" id="searchText" name="query">                         <input name="searchSubmit2" id="searchSiteSubmit" 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article references" shape="rect">References</a></li><li><a href="/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x/citedby" title="Other articles that have cited this article" shape="rect">Cited By</a></li></ul></div>                  <div xmlns:doc="urn://wiley-online-library/content/document" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ol="http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/ol/xsl-lib" class="viewFullArticleAndPdf"><div class="viewFullArticleAndPdfOptions"><a href="/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x/full" title="Link to article fulltext" class="viewFullTextLink" shape="rect">View Full Article (HTML)</a> <a href="/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x/pdf" title="Article in pdf format" class="pdfLink" shape="rect">Get PDF (661K)</a></div></div>                                     <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="fulltext"><div class="keywords"><h3 class="keywordsHeading">Keywords:</h3><div class="keywordLists"><ul class="keywordList" id="abstractKeywords1"><li>turbidity;</li><li>sediment;</li><li>monitoring;</li><li>time series analysis;</li><li>forest practices</li></ul></div></div><div id="abstract"><div class="para"><p><b>Abstract: </b> Forest practices have progressively changed over the last 30 years in the Pacific Northwest to address water quality concerns. There have been some assessments of these new management practices made at a site scale but very few studies have attempted to evaluate their efficacy at reducing cumulative sediment production at a watershed scale. Such an evaluation is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability in sediment delivery and transport processes. Due to this inherent variability, detecting a response to management changes requires a long-term data record. We utilized a water quality dataset collected over 30 years at four locations in the Deschutes River watershed (western Washington) to assess trends in turbidity and whether sediment control procedures implemented over this time period had any detectable influence. The sample sites ranged from small headwater streams (2.4 and 3.0 km<sup>2</sup>) to the mainstem of the Deschutes River (150 km<sup>2</sup>). Declining trends in turbidity were detected at all the permanently monitored sites. The mainstem Deschutes River site, which integrates sediment processes from the entire study watershed, showed dramatic declines in turbidity even with continued active forest management. For the small basins, logging and road construction occurred in the 1970s and 1980s and turbidity declined thereafter, achieving prelogging levels by 2000. There are no temporal trends in flow that could be responsible for the observed trends in turbidity. Our results suggest that increased attention to reducing sediment production from roads and minimizing the amount of road runoff reaching stream channels has been the primary cause of the declining turbidity levels observed in this study.</p></div></div></div>                  <div xmlns:doc="urn://wiley-online-library/content/document" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:ol="http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/ol/xsl-lib" class="viewFullArticleAndPdf"><div class="viewFullArticleAndPdfOptions"><a href="/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x/full" title="Link to article fulltext" class="viewFullTextLink" shape="rect">View Full Article (HTML)</a> <a href="/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x/pdf" title="Article in pdf format" class="pdfLink" shape="rect">Get PDF (661K)</a></div></div>                           <div id="relatedArticles">     <div class="sectionHeading">         <h3>More content like this</h3>     </div>     <span id="findArticlesHeading">Find more content:</span>     <ul class="findArticles"><li><a href="/advanced/search/results?articleDoi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00323.x&scope=allContent&start=1&resultsPerPage=20" title="Link to articles like this" shape="rect">like this article</a></li></ul>     <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="articlesWrittenByHeading">Find more content written by:</span><ul xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="articlesWrittenBy"><li><a title="Link to more articles by Maryanne Reiter" href="/advanced/search/results?searchRowCriteria[0].queryString="Maryanne Reiter"&searchRowCriteria[0].fieldName=author&start=1&resultsPerPage=20" shape="rect">Maryanne Reiter</a></li><li><a title="Link to more articles by John T. 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