Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0012-0041
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-05-14T04:00Z

GROUNDWATER
INVESTIGATION
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
PROJECT
PLAN
FOR
WASHINGTON
WORKS
PLANT
Date:
January
2002
Project
No.:
D6WW7423.01
CORPORATE
REMEDIATION
GROUP
An
Alliance
between
DuPont
and
URS
Diamond
Barley
Mill
Plaza,
Building
27
Wilmington,
Delaware
19805
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Table
of
Contents
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
i
Wilmington,
DE
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
1.0
Introduction............................................................................................................
1
2.0
Project
Description.................................................................................................
3
2.1
Site
Location
and
Description........................................................................
3
2.2
Current
Site
Investigation
..............................................................................
3
3.0
Project
Organization
and
Responsibility.................................................................
5
3.1
Project
Organization
Chart
............................................................................
5
3.2
Management
Responsibilities
........................................................................
5
3.2.1
Project
Director
................................................................................
5
3.2.2
Project
Manager
...............................................................................
5
3.2.3
Health
and
Safety
Officer
.................................................................
6
3.2.4
Technical
Consultants.......................................................................
6
3.2.5
Technical
and
Support
Staff..............................................................
6
3.3
QA
Responsibilities.......................................................................................
6
3.3.1
Quality
Assurance
Officer
................................................................
6
3.3.2
Project
Chemist
................................................................................
6
3.4
Laboratory
Responsibilities
...........................................................................
7
3.4.1
Laboratory
Personnel........................................................................
7
3.5
Data
Review
Responsibilities.........................................................................
7
3.6
Field
Responsibilities.....................................................................................
7
3.6.1
Project
Geologist
..............................................................................
7
4.0
Quality
Assurance
Objectives.................................................................................
8
4.1
Data
Quality
Characteristics
..........................................................................
8
4.2
Data
Quality
Objectives.................................................................................
9
4.2.1
Data
Quality
Objective
for
the
Groundwater
Investigation................
9
4.2.2
Measurement
System
Characteristics
................................................
9
5.0
Sampling
Procedures............................................................................................
11
5.1
Preliminary
Activities..................................................................................
11
5.2
General
Decontamination
Procedures
..........................................................
12
5.3
General
Instructions
For
Water
Sampling
....................................................
12
5.4
Drinking
Water
Sampling
............................................................................
13
5.5
Groundwater
Sampling................................................................................
14
5.6
Surface
Water
Sampling
..............................................................................
15
5.7
Disposable
Equipment
.................................................................................
16
6.0
Sample
and
Document
Custody
Procedures..........................................................
17
6.1
Field
Sample
Custody..................................................................................
17
6.2
Laboratory
Sample
Custody.........................................................................
18
7.0
Calibration
Procedures
and
Frequency..................................................................
19
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Table
of
Contents
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
ii
Wilmington,
DE
8.0
Analytical
Procedures
..........................................................................................
20
9.0
Data
Reduction,
Verification
and
Reporting
.........................................................
21
9.1
Data
Reduction............................................................................................
21
9.2
Data
Verification
.........................................................................................
21
9.3
Data
Reporting
............................................................................................
21
10.0
Internal
Quality
Control
Checks
...........................................................................
23
10.1
Field
Blanks
................................................................................................
23
10.2
Duplicate
Samples
.......................................................................................
24
10.3
Split
Samples...............................................................................................
24
11.0
Performance
and
System
Audits...........................................................................
25
12.0
Preventative
Maintenance.....................................................................................
26
13.0
Data
Measurement
Assessment
Procedures
..........................................................
27
13.1
Representativeness.......................................................................................
27
13.2
Comparability..............................................................................................
27
13.3
Precision......................................................................................................
28
13.4
Accuracy
.....................................................................................................
28
13.5
Completeness
..............................................................................................
29
14.0
Corrective
Action
Approach.................................................................................
30
14.1
Corrective
Action
Procedure
Description.....................................................
30
15.0
Quality
Assurance
Reports
to
Management
..........................................................
32
TABLES
Table
1
Precision,
Accuracy,
and
Completeness
Objectives
for
Water
Samples
Table
2
Summary
of
Holding
Times
and
Preservation
for
Water
Samples
Table
3
Analytical
Methodology­
Water
Samples
FIGURES
Figure
1
Project
Organization
Diagram
Figure
2
Daily
Instrument
Calibration
Check
Sheet
Figure
3
Audit
Checklist
Figure
4
Corrective
Action
Request
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
FC­
143
Data
Review
Checklist
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Introduction
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
1
Wilmington,
DE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
This
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
(
QAPP)
discusses
the
procedures
and
practices
developed
to
ensure
that
all
information,
data,
and
decisions
derived
from
or
based
on
data
acquired
during
the
groundwater
investigation
at
DuPont
Washington
Works
are
technically
sound,
usable,
and
properly
documented.

The
groundwater
investigation
is
undertaken
in
compliance
with
the
Consent
Order
entered
into
by
and
between
the
West
Virginia
Department
of
Environmental
Protection
(
WVDEP),
the
West
Virginia
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Resources
 
Bureau
for
Public
Health
(
WVDHHR­
BPH),
and
E.
I.
du
Pont
de
Nemours
and
Company
(
DuPont).
The
groundwater
investigation
is
to
be
performed
as
one
of
a
series
of
tasks
in
order
to
determine
whether
there
has
been
any
impact
on
human
health
and
the
environment
as
a
result
of
releases
of
ammonium
perfluorooctanoate
(
C­
8,
also
known
as
FC­
143),
CAS
Number
3825­
26­
1,
to
the
environment
from
DuPont
operations.

The
overall
quality
assurance
objective
is
to
ensure
that
data
of
known
and
acceptable
quality
is
generated
during
field
investigations.
Procedures
and
practices
presented
in
this
QAPP
also
will
ensure
that
all
measurements
will
be
performed
to
yield
consistent
results
representative
of
media
and
conditions
measured,
which
accurately
reflect
project
objectives.

The
QAPP
outlines
procedures
for:

 
Project
organization
 
Quality
assurance
objectives
for
data
measurement
 
Sampling
procedures
 
Sample
and
document
custody
procedures
 
Calibration
procedures
and
frequency
 
Analytical
procedures
 
Data
reduction,
validation,
and
reporting
 
Internal
quality
control
checks
 
Performance
and
system
audits
 
Preventive
maintenance
 
Data
measurement
assessment
procedures
 
Corrective
action
approach
 
Quality
assurance
reports
to
management
This
QAPP
provides
a
mechanism
for
controlling
and
evaluating
the
quality
of
data
acquired
throughout
the
course
of
the
groundwater
investigation
at
Washington
Works
(
and
associated
landfills).
Because
data
collected
during
this
investigation
will
form
the
basis
for
evaluating
the
presence
and
extent
of
C­
8
in
drinking
water,
groundwater,
and
surface
water,
appropriate
control
of
field
and
analytical
procedures
and
the
assurance
of
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Introduction
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
2
Wilmington,
DE
data
usability
and
representativeness
are
crucial
to
successfully
achieving
the
groundwater
investigation
objectives.

This
QAPP
also
provides
quality
assurance
guidelines
to
be
followed
during
the
field
investigation.
The
scope
of
the
groundwater
investigation
includes
the
Main
Plant
and
associated
landfills
(
Local,
Letart,
and
Dry
Run).

Sample
analysis
will
be
performed
according
to
laboratory
standard
operating
procedures
(
SOPs).
All
analyses
will
be
performed
by
a
DuPont
Corporate
Remediation
Group
(
CRG)
selected
laboratory
that
has
been
audited
by
DuPont.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Project
Description
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
3
Wilmington,
DE
2.0
PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
2.1
Site
Location
and
Description
The
DuPont
Washington
Works
facility
is
located
in
Wood
County,
West
Virginia,
about
seven
miles
southwest
of
Parkersburg,
West
Virginia,
along
Route
892.
The
site
covers
about
1,200
acres
in
the
Ohio
River
Valley
and
is
located
along
the
south
bank
of
the
Ohio
River.
The
Local
Landfill
is
located
immediately
adjacent
to
the
Main
Plant
off
the
southern
perimeter.
The
Letart
Landfill
is
located
just
north
of
the
town
of
Letart
in
Mason
County,
West
Virginia.
The
Dry
Run
Landfill
is
located
west
of
the
town
of
Lubeck
in
Wood
County,
West
Virginia
and
is
about
eight
miles
southwest
of
the
Washington
Works
Main
Plant
and
the
Local
Landfill.
A
water
use
and
well
survey
search
is
being
completed
for
the
area
within
a
one­
mile
radius
from
the
plant
and
landfill
perimeters.

Additional
background
information
(
i.
e.,
the
site's
physical
environment,
environmental
setting,
assessment
of
water
quality,
site
conceptual
model,
data
gaps,
etc.)
are
included
in
Compilation
of
Historical
Data
for
Washington
Works
(
DuPont
CRG,
2002).

2.2
Current
Site
Investigation
The
overall
objective
of
the
groundwater
investigation
is
to
collect
data
of
sufficient
quality
and
quantity
to
ensure
that
the
primary
goals
of
the
groundwater
investigation
may
be
accomplished.

The
Consent
Order
identified
a
series
of
tasks
to
be
performed
by
the
Parties
(
WVDEP,
WVDHHR­
BPH,
and
DuPont)
in
order
to
determine
whether
there
has
been
any
impact
on
human
health
and
the
environment
as
a
result
of
releases
of
C­
8
to
the
environment
from
DuPont
Operations
at
the
Main
Plant
and
associated
landfills
(
Local,
Letart
and
Dry
Run).
One
of
these
tasks
was
the
development
of
the
C­
8
Groundwater
Investigation
Steering
Team
(
GIST).
The
GIST
was
assembled
to
assess
the
presence
and
extent
of
C­
8
in
drinking
water,
groundwater,
and
surface
water
at
and
around
the
DuPont
Main
Plant,
and
the
Local,
Letart
and
Dry
Run
landfills.

Pursuant
to
the
Consent
Order,
three
specific
key
tasks
are
to
be
performed
by
DuPont
and
evaluated
by
the
GIST.
The
primary
objective
of
Task
B
is
to
develop
and
implement
a
monitoring
plan
that
determines
the
presence
and
extent
of
C­
8
in
drinking
water,
groundwater
and
surface
water
in
and
around
the
DuPont
Main
Plant,
and
the
Local,
Letart
and
Dry
Run
Landfills,
and
to
provide
a
compilation
of
available
groundwater/
surface
water
monitoring
and
hydrogeologic
characterization
data
for
each
location.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Project
Description
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
4
Wilmington,
DE
To
achieve
the
project
objectives
for
this
phase
of
the
groundwater
investigation,
DuPont
will
perform
the
following
activities:

 
Conduct
a
distance­
phased
groundwater
well
and
water
use
survey.

 
Conduct
groundwater
and
surface
water
sampling
and
analysis
in
compliance
with
NPDES
permits
for
the
main
plant
and
landfills.

 
Develop
and
implement
a
monitoring
plan
that
determines
the
presence
and
extent
of
C­
8
in
drinking
water,
groundwater,
and
surface
water.

 
Prepare
a
compilation
of
all
available
groundwater/
surface
water
results
and
hydrogeologic
characterization
data.

 
Collect
additional
information
required
for
the
groundwater
investigation.
These
activities
will
be
described
in
the
work
plan
that
will
be
developed
after
the
GIST
approves
of
the
recommendations
presented
in
Compilation
of
Historical
Data
for
Washington
Works
(
DuPont
CRG,
2002)
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Project
Organization
and
Responsibility
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
5
Wilmington,
DE
3.0
PROJECT
ORGANIZATION
AND
RESPONSIBILITY
DuPont
CRG
in
Wilmington,
Delaware,
will
be
the
lead
organization
in
conducting
the
groundwater
investigation.
Data
will
be
reported
to,
and
oversight
will
be
provided
by,
the
GIST.
Laboratory
analytical
testing
will
be
conducted
by
Exygen
Research
(
Exygen),
located
at
State
College,
Pennsylvania,
or
another
DuPont­
approved
laboratory.
Potesta
&
Associates
Inc.,
Charleston,
West
Virginia,
will
assist
the
project
team
in
performance
of
off­
site
sampling.

A
description
of
the
program
organization
is
provided
in
this
section.
The
responsibilities
associated
with
the
positions
are
described
in
the
following
paragraphs.
The
persons
described
will
be
charged
with
ensuring
the
collection
of
usable
data
and
assessing
measurement
systems
for
precision
and
accuracy.

3.1
Project
Organization
Chart
The
lines
of
authority
for
this
specific
project
are
found
in
Figure
1,
which
includes
the
individuals
discussed
below.

3.2
Management
Responsibilities
3.2.1
Project
Director
Mr.
Andrew
Hartten,
DuPont
CRG
is
the
project
director
for
the
project.
His
responsibilities
will
be
as
follows:

 
Providing
strategic­
level
review
of
technical
activities
 
Providing
direction
involving
drinking
water,
groundwater,
surface
water,
and
hydrogeologic
investigations
 
Approving
project­
specific
procedures
and
internally
prepared
plans,
drawings,
and
reports
 
Providing
guidance
to
the
project
team
 
Acting
as
the
DuPont
representative
to
the
GIST
3.2.2
Project
Manager
Mr.
Mark
Houlday,
URS
Diamond
Group
(
URSD)
is
the
project
manager
for
the
site.
He
will
be
the
primary
point
of
contact
with
DuPont
and
will
be
responsible
for
all
technical,
financial,
and
scheduling
matters.
His
other
responsibilities
will
be
as
follows:

 
Assigning
duties
to
the
project
team
and
orienting
the
team
to
project
needs
and
requirements
 
Disseminating
project­
related
information
from
DuPont
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Project
Organization
and
Responsibility
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
6
Wilmington,
DE
 
Acting
as
liaison
with
subcontractor
organizations
(
unless
specifically
delegated
to
others)

 
Interacting
with
the
QA
officer
and
health
and
safety
officer
to
ensure
that
these
programs
are
functioning
effectively
 
Serving
as
the
collection
point
for
project
team
reporting
of
nonconformance
with
QA
procedures
or
changes
in
project
documents
and
activities
3.2.3
Health
and
Safety
Officer
Ms.
Katherine
Sova
(
URSD)
is
the
health
and
safety
officer
for
the
project.
She
will
be
responsible
for
developing,
reviewing,
and
approving
of
the
project
health
and
safety
plan
(
HASP).
She
will
ensure
that
the
project
HASP
is
consistent
with
applicable
state
and
federal
regulations
and
will
also
be
responsible
for
implementing
the
HASP.

3.2.4
Technical
Consultants
Senior
staff
members
with
expertise
in
the
disciplines
associated
with
the
site
investigation
are
available
to
the
project
as
needed.
These
individuals
will
participate
in
the
project
as
directed
by
the
project
manager.

3.2.5
Technical
and
Support
Staff
Individuals
in
this
category
will
participate
in
the
technical
activities
associated
with
the
project
and
will
be
coordinated
by
the
technical
lead
or
project
manager.

3.3
QA
Responsibilities
3.3.1
Quality
Assurance
Officer
Mr.
Michael
Aucoin
(
URSD)
will
be
the
QA
officer
for
the
project.
His
responsibilities
are
as
follows:

 
Developing
and
reviewing
the
QAPP
 
Administering
the
QAPP
 
Supervising
day­
to­
day
QA
activities
 
Notifying
personnel
of
nonconformance
or
changes
in
procedures
 
Determining
the
system
and
performance
audit
schedules,
if
required
3.3.2
Project
Chemist
Mr.
Michael
Aucoin
will
also
be
the
URSD
project
chemist
for
the
project.
He
will
schedule
all
sample
container
orders
and
analytical
requests
with
the
laboratory.
He
will
also
be
the
point
of
contact
between
the
laboratory
and
project
team.
He
will
coordinate
review
of
data
generated
by
the
laboratory.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Project
Organization
and
Responsibility
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
7
Wilmington,
DE
3.4
Laboratory
Responsibilities
Exygen
or
another
DuPont
approved
laboratory
will
provide
analytical
services
for
this
project.
The
GIST
will
be
notified
of
any
change
in
the
designated
laboratory.

3.4.1
Laboratory
Personnel
The
key
laboratory
personnel
for
this
project
will
be
the
laboratory
project
managers.
The
analytical
laboratory
project
manager
will
be
responsible
for
execution
of
the
analytical
testing
program
for
the
project.
The
laboratory
project
manager
will
be
responsible
for
laboratory
analyses
and
data
processing.
The
laboratory
project
manager
will
be
the
point
of
contact
for
the
project
chemist
and
QA
officer
and
will
be
assisted
by
the
laboratory
QA
director,
who
is
responsible
for
ensuring
that
laboratory
internal
QA
procedures
are
followed
and
for
processing
QA
data.

The
laboratory
has
signed
a
contract
with
DuPont
detailing
the
terms
and
conditions
for
services.
This
contract
includes
a
guarantee
to
dispose
of
samples
following
analysis
in
accordance
with
all
pertinent
federal,
state,
and
local
laws
and
ordinances.

3.5
Data
Review
Responsibilities
Environmental
Standards,
Inc.
(
ESI),
Valley
Forge,
Pennsylvania,
will
be
the
third­
party
data
reviewer
for
the
project.
ESI
will
provide
an
independent
review
and
validation
of
approximately
10
percent
of
the
data
points
collected.

3.6
Field
Responsibilities
3.6.1
Project
Geologist
The
project
geologist
is
to
be
determined
and
will
be
responsible
for
the
following:

 
Coordinating
or
leading
the
site
investigation
and
sampling
teams
 
Interacting
with
the
project
chemist
regarding
sampling
events
 
Evaluating
site
groundwater
and
surface
water
data
 
Leading
the
preparation
of
reports
and
documentation
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Quality
Assurance
Objectives
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
8
Wilmington,
DE
4.0
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
OBJECTIVES
To
ensure
that
the
data
collected
during
the
groundwater
investigation
is
of
adequate
and
consistent
quality,
data
quality
objectives
(
DQOs)
in
terms
of
precision,
accuracy,
and
completeness
have
been
established.
The
sampling
and
analysis
and
associated
QA
efforts
are
aimed
at
achieving
these
DQOs
in
a
timely,
cost­
effective,
and
safe
manner.
Data
collected
during
previous
investigations
provided
baseline
information
on
contamination
around
the
site.

4.1
Data
Quality
Characteristics
DQOs
are
statements
of
the
level
of
uncertainty
that
a
decision­
maker
is
willing
to
accept
in
results
derived
from
environmental
measurements.
The
uncertainty
for
sample
parameter
results
may
arise
from
a
combination
of
factors,
including
sampling
procedures,
sample
matrix
characteristics,
non­
homogeneity
of
samples,
and
the
inherent
accuracy
and
precision
limitations
of
analysis
methods.
DQOs
are
quantitatively
and
qualitatively
described
in
terms
of
data
quality
characteristics
(
DQCs),
which
include
precision,
accuracy,
representativeness,
completeness,
and
comparability
(
see
Section
13.0).
These
characteristics
are
defined
as
follows:

 
Comparability
Comparability
expresses
consistency
in
sampling
and
analytical
procedures
so
that
one
data
set
can
be
compared
to
another.

 
Representativeness
Representativeness
expresses
the
degree
to
which
sample
data
accurately
and
precisely
represents
a
selected
characteristic
of
a
population,
parameter
variations
at
the
sampling
point,
a
process
condition,
or
an
environmental
condition.

 
Precision
Precision
is
defined
as
the
agreement
between
numeric
values
for
two
or
more
measurements
that
have
been
made
in
an
identical
fashion.

 
Accuracy
Accuracy
is
the
degree
of
agreement
of
a
measurement
with
an
accepted
true
value.

 
Completeness
Completeness
is
a
measure
of
the
amount
of
the
usable
data
obtained
from
the
measurement
system
compared
to
the
amount
that
was
expected
under
normal
conditions.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Quality
Assurance
Objectives
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
9
Wilmington,
DE
4.2
Data
Quality
Objectives
4.2.1
Data
Quality
Objective
for
the
Groundwater
Investigation
The
purpose
of
the
groundwater
investigation
is
to
characterize
water
samples
in
and
around
the
Washington
Works
Main
Plant
and
associated
landfills
(
Local,
Letart,
Dry
Run)
that
may
have
been
impacted
by
plant
operations.
To
accomplish
this,
the
precision,
accuracy,
and
completeness
acceptance
criteria
required
for
the
groundwater
investigation
are
listed
in
Table
1.
All
measurement
data
will
be
calculated
and
reported
in
units
consistent
with
specified
methodologies
(
see
Section
8.0)
to
ensure
comparability
of
historical
data.

4.2.2
Measurement
System
Characteristics
Measurement
system
characteristics
are
considered
to
be
key
performance
measures
used
to
indicate
that
the
laboratory
is
performing
the
referenced
method
correctly.
These
characteristics
are
range,
sensitivity,
selectivity,
accuracy,
and
precision.

Range
The
reporting
range
can
be
represented
by
the
difference
between
the
limit
of
quantitation
(
LOQ)
and
the
highest
calibration
standards
analyzed,
at
which
comparable
precision
and
accuracy
have
been
demonstrated.
The
reporting
range
of
the
analytical
method
can
be
extended
on
a
sample
specific
basis
by
dilution.
Per
the
SOP,
the
reporting
range
for
C­
8
in
water,
without
dilution,
is
50
to
1000
nanograms/
liter
(
ng/
L).

Sensitivity
Sensitivity
relates
to
the
ability
of
a
measurement
system
to
accurately
measure
the
analyte
or
property
of
interest
over
a
range.

Sensitivity
is
demonstrated
for
C­
8
by
injection
of
a
calibration
standard
at
the
LOQ
and
five
times
the
LOQ.
In
addition,
a
method
detection
limit
(
MDL)
study
per
40
CFR
136
is
performed
for
each
instrument
used
to
analyze
samples.

Selectivity
Selectivity
is
defined
as
a
measurement
system's
ability
to
accurately
discriminate
the
analyte
of
concern
from
other
analytes
in
the
matrix
that
may
interfere.

Selectivity
for
C­
8
is
demonstrated
by
the
presence
in
the
chromatogram
of
a
peak
of
a
daughter
ion
at
369
amu
from
a
parent
of
413
amu.
The
413­
amu
parent
corresponds
to
the
PFOA
anion,
while
the
daughter
ion
(
369
amu)
represents
the
loss
of
carbon
dioxide.
This
transition
does
not
discriminate
between
linear
and
branched
forms
of
PFOA;
therefore,
both,
if
present,
would
be
included
in
the
calculation.

Selectivity
is
further
demonstrated
by
adequate
instrument
tunes,
and
by
control
of
the
LC/
MS/
MS
cone
and
quadrupole
voltages.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Quality
Assurance
Objectives
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
10
Wilmington,
DE
Accuracy
Accuracy
is
the
difference
between
the
mean
of
the
test
results
for
the
analyte
of
interest
and
the
known
value
of
the
analyte
concentration
or
value.

Accuracy
of
the
C­
8
determination
is
demonstrated
through
the
use
of
matrix
spikes
with
every
field
sample.
Matrix
spike
recoveries
must
fall
in
the
range
of
70
to
130%,
unless
the
sample
concentration
is
significantly
higher
than
the
spike
concentration.
In
addition,
results
for
laboratory
method
blanks
must
be
less
than
the
LOQ.

Precision
Precision
is
a
measure
of
the
variability
of
test
results
obtained
from
applying
a
measurement
system
to
samples
that
are
obstensibly
the
same.

Per
the
SOP,
every
field
sample
is
analyzed
as
a
laboratory
replicate
in
order
to
generate
sample­
specific
precision
data
for
analysis
of
C­
8.
Precision
is
assessed
during
the
analytical
run
sequence
through
analysis
of
check
standards.
The
check
standard
response
must
be
within
15%
of
the
average
response
of
the
equivalent
concentration
calibration
standards.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sampling
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
11
Wilmington,
DE
5.0
SAMPLING
PROCEDURES
Samples
collected
during
this
investigation
will
be
analyzed
for
C­
8
and
will
include
drinking
water,
groundwater,
and
surface
water.

5.1
Preliminary
Activities
The
following
preliminary
activities
will
be
completed
before
sampling
personnel
enter
the
field
to
ensure
proper
preparation
for
each
sampling
event:

 
Coordination
between
sampling
and
laboratory
personnel
will
be
established
so
that
sample
integrity
is
retained
at
all
times
during
the
sampling
event.

 
The
laboratory
will
be
notified
of
the
upcoming
sampling
event
so
it
can
prepare
the
list
of
parameters
to
be
analyzed
for
each
site,
the
replicate
requirements,
and
the
number
of
extra
bottles
needed,
if
any,
for
quality
control
testing
will
be
specified
to
the
laboratory
manager.

 
All
proper
field
forms
(
i.
e.,
field
logbooks,
custody
seals,
and
chain­
of­
custody
forms)
will
be
prepared
for
use
to
enable
proper
documentation
of
the
sampling
event.

 
A
preliminary
inspection
and
calibration
of
all
field
equipment
will
be
performed
to
ensure
accurate
measurements
of
field
parameters
(
i.
e.,
pH,
specific
conductance,
dissolved
oxygen,
turbidity,
and
temperature).

 
All
field
personnel
will
be
trained
in
the
sampling
protocols
contained
herein.
The
following
steps
will
be
performed
before
beginning
each
sampling
event
to
ensure
sampling
is
implemented
correctly
and
safely:

 
The
sample
location
will
be
identified.

 
All
equipment
to
be
used
during
the
sampling
event
will
be
inspected,
precleaned
and
decontaminated.

 
Field
meters
to
be
used
during
sampling
(
i.
e.,
pH
and
specific
conductance
meters)
will
be
checked
to
ensure
proper
calibration
and
precision
response.
Buffer
and
standard
solutions
will
be
laboratory
checked
to
ensure
their
accuracy.

 
All
forms
to
be
used
in
the
field
(
e.
g.,
field
logbook,
chain­
of­
custody
sheets)
will
be
assembled.

 
Sampling
personnel
will
review
sampling
protocols.
In
addition,
health
and
safety
protocols
will
be
reviewed
to
help
ensure
that
no
injuries
occur
during
the
sampling
event.

 
The
locations
of
underground
utilities
will
be
determined
and
marked,
as
appropriate.
Washington
Works
excavation
or
other
permits,
if
necessary,
will
be
obtained.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sampling
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
12
Wilmington,
DE
5.2
General
Decontamination
Procedures
All
equipment
in
direct
contact
with
the
material
to
be
sampled
will
be
decontaminated
prior
to
sampling
to
prevent
cross­
contamination
of
samples
collected.
In
addition,
care
will
be
taken
so
as
not
to
allow
anything
to
come
into
contact
with
a
sample
or
sample
area,
which
may
affect
its
composition.

Sampling
equipment
will
include
bailers,
tubing,
and
pumps.
All
of
these
items
will
come
in
direct
contact
with
the
sample
and
have
potential
to
impact
analytical
results.
Therefore,
care
will
be
taken
to
ensure
the
cleanliness
of
all
sampling
equipment.
When
possible,
pre­
cleaned
or
disposable
sampling
equipment
will
be
used
(
e.
g.,
bailers
for
sampling
wells).
Field
decontamination
will
be
permitted
for
bailers
and
pumps,
provided
the
following
method
is
applied:

 
Wipe
off
any
residual
sludge
or
water
with
a
Chem­
wipe.

 
Rinse
the
equipment
with
deionized
water.

 
Rinse
the
equipment
with
methanol.

 
Place
in
zip­
sealed
bag
until
next
use
In
addition
to
the
decontamination
procedures
outlined
above,
the
person
collecting
the
sample
will
wear
clean
latex
gloves
and
will
limit
his/
her
contact
with
the
samples.

Sample
bottles
and
containers
will
be
prepared
by
the
contracted
laboratory
and
will
be
sealed
to
ensure
cleanliness.
Sample
bottles
will
not
be
cleaned
in
the
field.

A
personnel
decontamination
area
will
be
set
up
at
each
sample
location
prior
to
starting
sampling
activities.
Procedures
for
the
decontamination
of
protective
equipment
and
the
removal
of
respiratory
and
personal
protection
clothing
to
avoid
transfer
of
constituents
from
clothing
to
the
body
are
discussed
in
the
HASP.

To
the
extent
that
it
is
economically
feasible
and
technically
acceptable,
disposable
personal
protective
equipment
(
PPE)
will
be
used.
Where
the
work
scope
restricts
use
of
disposable
PPE,
decontamination
facilities
will
be
provided.

5.3
General
Instructions
For
Water
Sampling
Water
sample
bottles
will
not
be
pre­
rinsed
with
site
water
prior
to
sample
collection.
Gloves
will
be
worn
during
sampling
activities
and
replaced
between
samples.
All
samples
will
be
held
chilled
(
not
frozen
to
6oC)
with
wet
ice
from
collection
to
shipping.

In
order
to
minimize
the
possibility
of
introducing
C­
8
contamination
into
samples,
the
following
protocol
will
be
followed:

 
Avoid
glass.

 
Avoid
PTFE
(
Teflon).

 
Avoid
aluminum
foil.

 
Do
not
use
Post­
a­
Notes.

 
Avoid
blue
ice.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sampling
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
13
Wilmington,
DE
 
Avoid
pre­
wrapped
foods
or
snacks.

 
Wear
clothing
that
has
been
washed
at
least
six
times.

 
Use
only
containers
supplied
by
contract
laboratory.
The
field
team
leader
or
a
senior
member
of
the
field
team
will
be
responsible
for
water
sampling
and
laboratory
coordination.
The
laboratory
will
provide
necessary
sample
containers
with
the
shipping
containers
(
i.
e.,
shuttles).
Containers
and
any
preservative
added
to
the
containers
will
be
in
accordance
with
EPA
document
SW­
846
protocol.
All
samples
requiring
refrigeration
will
be
shipped
at
approximately
4
°
C
(
not
frozen
to
6oC).

Field
equipment
will
consist
of
some
or
all
of
the
following:

 
Polyethylene
collection
bottles
(
laboratory
provided)

 
Field
sampling
record
 
Sufficient
ice
to
maintain
the
samples
at
approximately
4
°
C
(
not
frozen
to
6oC)

 
Methanol
and
deionized/
distilled
water
 
Conductivity
meter,
pH
meter,
temperature
probe,
Redox
probe,
dissolved
oxygen
probe,
turbidity
meter
 
Glass
beakers
 
PID
and/
or
FID
for
organic
vapor
analysis
 
Pumps
and/
or
bailers
for
purging
 
Rope
 
Stainless­
steel
or
polypropylene
leader
to
attach
rope
to
sampling
device
 
Bailers
or
other
sampling
devices
(
preferably
dedicated
or
pre­
cleaned)
Preparing
for
sampling
includes
acquiring
all
of
the
necessary
monitoring
equipment
listed
above
and
site­
specific
information
to
perform
the
required
monitoring.

5.4
Drinking
Water
Sampling
The
following
procedure
will
be
followed
during
residential
(
tap)
sampling:

1.
Locate
an
appropriate
tap
water
source
(
prior
to
any
treatment
systems).
2.
Wipe
the
tap
water
faucet
and
the
exterior
of
the
sampling
bottle
using
a
Chemwipe
moistened
with
methanol.

3.
Open
the
valve
and
allow
water
to
run
for
at
least
two
minutes
to
flush
the
valve
system
and
supply
lines.

4.
Remove
the
bottle
cap,
wipe
the
bottle
lip
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol,
place
the
bottle
under
the
tap,
and
fill.
If
the
bottle
will
not
fit
under
the
tap
faucet,
then
look
for
another
appropriate
source.
Do
not
use
a
secondary
container
to
fill
the
bottle.

5.
Recap
the
sample
bottle.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sampling
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
14
Wilmington,
DE
6.
Wipe
the
bottle
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol
and
affix
a
sample
label.

7.
Place
the
sample
in
a
cooler
of
ice.
8.
Complete
the
chain­
of
custody
form.

5.5
Groundwater
Sampling
Groundwater
will
be
sampled
from
residential
and
monitoring
wells.
Prior
to
initiating
sampling
activities
at
a
given
location
(
e.
g.,
landfill),
a
complete
round
of
depth
to
water
levels
will
be
measured
to
the
nearest
one
hundredth
of
a
foot.

To
the
extent
possible,
monitoring
wells
will
be
purged
and
sampled
beginning
from
the
least
suspected
to
most
suspected
contaminated
well
to
minimize
the
potential
for
cross­
contamination.
Total
well
depths
necessary
to
calculate
the
required
pump
placement
will
be
tabulated
and
will
accompany
the
sampling
team
in
the
field.

Prior
to
sample
acquisition,
monitoring
wells
will
be
purged
using
a
low
flow
protocol.
The
low­
flow
pump
will
be
lowered
gently
and
set
at
approximately
the
middle
of
the
screen.
If
the
static
water
level
is
below
the
top
of
the
screen,
then
the
pump
will
be
lowered
to
the
middle
of
the
water
column.
In
either
case,
the
pump
intake
will
be
placed
a
sufficient
distance
above
the
bottom
of
the
well
to
avoid
mobilization
of
any
accumulated
sediments.
Well
purging
will
begin
at
a
rate
of
0.2
to
0.5
L/
min.
Water
level
in
the
well
will
be
monitored
during
purging,
and
the
purge
rate
will
be
lowered,
if
possible,
if
well
drawdown
is
noted.

During
low
flow
purging,
the
water
quality
parameters
pH,
specific
conductance,
dissolved
oxygen
(
DO),
oxidation­
reduction
potential
(
Eh),
temperature,
and
turbidity
will
be
monitored
using
a
flow
through
cell.
Purging
is
complete
when
all
field
parameters
have
stabilized
(
variations
in
values
are
within
10
percent
of
each
other
for
three
consecutive
readings
taken
3
to
5
minutes
apart).
Once
field
parameters
have
stabilized,
samples
will
be
collected
directly
from
the
end
of
the
discharge
tube.

Alternatively,
if
low
flow
purging
is
not
practical
due
to
field
conditions,
monitoring
wells
will
be
evacuated
to
a
minimum
of
three
volumes
of
water
standing
in
the
well
casing.
The
depth
of
the
purge
pump
intake
will
depend
on
well
yields.
The
ideal
intake
will
be
at
the
static
water
level
in
the
well.
The
pump
intake
will
be
adjusted
as
the
water
level
responds
to
pumping.
Shallow
wells
whose
screened
interval
extends
above
the
water
table
and
cannot
be
purged
of
three
well
volumes
due
to
slow
recovery
rates
will
be
pumped
dry
and
allowed
to
recover
before
sampling.
The
water
level
in
deeper
wells
will
be
pumped
to
just
above
the
screened
interval
and
will
be
allowed
to
recover
before
sampling.

If
standard
purge
protocols
are
to
be
used,
measurements
of
pH
and
specific
conductance
will
be
collected
during
well
purging,
and
well
evacuation
will
stop
when
at
least
three
volumes
are
evacuated
and
three
consecutive
readings
of
pH
and
specific
conductance
have
stabilized
within
10
percent.

Pre­
cleaned
or
dedicated,
1
¼
­
inch­
diameter,
bottom­
loading
bailers
will
be
used
to
collect
grab
groundwater
samples
for
transfer
into
the
proper
sample
containers
if
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sampling
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
15
Wilmington,
DE
standard
purge
protocols
are
used.
Monofilament
polypropylene
or
stainless
steel
wire
leaders
attached
to
nylon
or
polypropylene
rope
will
be
used
to
raise
and
lower
the
bailer.
The
bailer
will
be
lowered
to
the
screened
interval
for
sample
collection.
If
well
yields
are
low
at
the
site,
the
samples
will
be
collected
at
or
near
the
screen
as
the
well
recovers
and
provides
a
sufficient
volume
for
sample
collection.
Each
of
the
wells
exhibiting
suitable
recovery
will
be
sampled
within
two
hours
of
evacuation.

Sample
containers
will
be
filled
to
at
least
the
container
shoulder.
After
the
sample
containers
are
filled,
they
will
be
labeled
appropriately
and
placed
in
a
sample
shuttle
containing
ice
or
ice
packs.
Samples
requiring
refrigeration
for
preservation
will
be
stored
at
approximately
4
°
C
(
not
frozen
to
6
°
C)
during
storage
and
shipment.

The
following
procedure
will
be
followed
during
groundwater
sampling:
1.
Wipe
the
exterior
of
the
sampling
bottle
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol.

2.
Remove
the
bottle
cap,
wipe
the
bottle
lip
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol,
and
fill
from
the
bailer
or
hose.
Do
not
use
a
secondary
container
to
fill
the
bottle.

3.
Recap
the
sample
bottle.
4.
Wipe
the
bottle
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol
and
affix
a
sample
label.

5.
Place
the
sample
in
a
cooler
of
ice.

6.
Complete
the
chain­
of
custody
form.

5.6
Surface
Water
Sampling
The
following
procedure
will
be
followed
during
groundwater
sampling:
1.
Wipe
the
exterior
of
the
sampling
bottle
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol.

2.
Submerge
the
sample
bottle
below
the
water
surface
and
unscrew
the
bottle
cap.
3.
Fill
the
water
bottle
by
turning
the
bottle
parallel
to
the
water
surface
and
slowing
rotating
so
that
the
mouth
of
the
bottle
is
up
right.
This
procedure
will
ensure
that
water
from
the
surface
microlayer
is
not
pulled
into
the
sample
bottle.

4.
Recap
the
sample
bottle
under
water.
5.
Wipe
the
bottle
using
a
Chem­
wipe
moistened
with
methanol
and
affix
a
sample
label.

6.
Place
the
sample
in
a
cooler
of
ice.

7.
Complete
the
chain­
of
custody
form.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sampling
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
16
Wilmington,
DE
5.7
Disposable
Equipment
All
disposable
equipment
and
other
materials
that
are
not
decontaminated
for
reuse
will
be
disposed
of
in
an
acceptable
manner.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sample
and
Document
Custody
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
17
Wilmington,
DE
6.0
SAMPLE
AND
DOCUMENT
CUSTODY
PROCEDURES
Sample
chain­
of­
custody
will
be
initiated
in
most
cases
by
the
laboratory
with
the
selection
and
preparation
of
sample
containers.
To
reduce
the
chance
for
error,
the
number
of
personnel
assuming
custody
of
the
samples
and
sample
containers
will
be
held
to
a
minimum.

On­
site
monitoring
and
sampling
data
will
be
controlled
and
entered
onto
appropriate
records.
Personnel
involved
in
the
chain­
of­
custody
and
transfer
of
samples
will
be
trained
on
the
procedures
and
their
importance
and
purpose
prior
to
sampling
initiation.

6.1
Field
Sample
Custody
A
chain­
of­
custody
form
will
accompany
the
sample
container
from
the
initial
sample
container
selection
and
preparation
at
the
laboratory
to
sample
collection
and
preservation
in
the
field
to
the
return
of
the
samples
to
the
laboratory.
The
chain­
ofcustody
form
will
trace
the
path
of
each
individual
sample
container
by
means
of
a
unique
identification
number.
When
requested,
sample
designation/
location
numbers
will
be
pre­
printed
by
the
laboratory
on
the
chain­
of­
custody
form
and
bottle
labels.

The
project
manager
or
field
team
leader
will
notify
the
laboratory
of
upcoming
field
sampling
activities
and
the
subsequent
transfer
of
samples
to
the
laboratory.
This
notification
will
include
information
concerning
the
number
and
type
of
samples
to
be
shipped
as
well
as
the
anticipated
date
of
arrival.
Sample
shipping
containers
(
i.
e.,
shuttles)
will
be
provided
by
the
laboratory.
The
shipping
containers
will
be
insulated.
A
sample
container
partially
filled
with
water
will
be
included
in
each
shuttle
to
serve
as
a
temperature
blank.
All
sample
bottles
within
each
shipping
container
will
be
individually
controlled
and
labeled.
Sample
identification
labels
will
be
provided
by
the
laboratory.
All
sample
bottle
labels
will
include
the
following
information:

 
Site
name
 
Sample
number
 
Analysis
required
 
Preservatives
Personnel
receiving
the
sample
containers
will
verify
the
integrity
of
the
seals
on
each
cooler.
Shuttles
with
broken
seals
will
be
returned
to
the
laboratory
with
the
contents
unused,
assuming
the
cooler
is
intact.
The
receiving
personnel
will
break
the
seal,
inspect
the
contents
for
breakage,
and
sign
the
chain­
of­
custody
form
to
certify
receipt
of
the
sample
containers.
A
temporary
seal
then
will
be
affixed
to
each
cooler.

Once
sample
containers
are
filled,
they
will
be
placed
immediately
in
the
cooler
on
ice
to
maintain
the
samples
at
approximately
4
°
C
(
not
frozen
to
6
°
C).
The
field
sampler
will
indicate
the
sample
designation/
location
number
in
the
space
provided
on
the
chain­
ofcustody
form
for
each
sample,
unless
chain­
of­
custody
forms
are
preprinted.
Date
and
time
of
sample
collection
will
be
entered
by
the
field
sampler.
The
chain­
of­
custody
forms
will
be
signed
and
placed
in
the
cooler.
The
samples
should
be
shipped
to
the
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Sample
and
Document
Custody
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
18
Wilmington,
DE
laboratory
on
the
same
day
as
they
were
collected
and
will
be
delivered
to
the
laboratory
no
later
than
72
hours
after
sample
collection.
The
cooler
with
samples
will
be
shipped
to
the
laboratory
using
an
overnight
express
service.

The
"
remarks"
column
of
the
chain­
of­
custody
form
will
be
used
to
record
specific
considerations
associated
with
sample
acquisition
such
as
sample
type,
container
type,
sample
preservation
methods,
analysis
to
be
performed,
and
the
possible
need
to
dilute
the
sample
due
to
indication
of
high
levels
of
contamination.
The
source
of
reagents,
field
blank
water,
and
supplies
will
be
documented
on
the
chain­
of­
custody
form
or
the
field
notebook.
The
laboratory
will
maintain
a
file
of
the
completed
original
forms.
Copies
will
be
submitted
as
part
of
the
final
analytical
report.
If
samples
are
split
and
sent
to
different
laboratories,
each
sample
will
receive
a
unique
chain­
of­
custody
form.

6.2
Laboratory
Sample
Custody
Receiving,
storing,
and
tracking
samples
submitted
to
the
laboratory
will
be
conducted
according
to
laboratory
SOPs
intended
to
ensure
that
invalid
laboratory
data
resulting
from
sample
contamination,
loss,
deterioration,
or
tampering
has
not
occurred.
Internal
laboratory
chain­
of­
custody
procedures
will
follow
laboratory
SOPs.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Calibration
Procedures
and
Frequency
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
19
Wilmington,
DE
7.0
CALIBRATION
PROCEDURES
AND
FREQUENCY
A
calibration
program
will
be
implemented
to
ensure
that
routine
calibration
and
maintenance
is
performed
on
all
field
instruments.
Field
team
members
familiar
with
field
calibrations
and
equipment
operations
will
maintain
instrument
proficiency
by
performing
the
prescribed
calibration
procedures
outlined
in
the
operation
and
field
manuals
accompanying
the
field
monitoring
instruments.
Air
monitoring
instruments
(
e.
g.,
PID)
used
in
the
field
to
collect
data
for
sample
screening
and
health
and
safety
purposes
will
be
calibrated
each
day
prior
to
the
initiation
of
fieldwork
using
the
manufacturer's
instructions.
The
instruments
will
be
calibrated
using
appropriate
zero
and
indicator
gases.

The
pH,
conductivity,
and
temperature
meters
will
be
calibrated
prior
to
each
day's
use
according
to
the
manufacturer's
instructions.
More
frequent
calibrations
will
be
performed
as
necessary
to
maintain
analytical
integrity.
The
pH
meter
will
be
calibrated
at
a
minimum
of
two
values
that
bracket
the
anticipated
pH
values
of
the
samples
to
be
analyzed
and
that
are
three
pH
units
or
more
apart.
The
conductivity
meter
will
be
calibrated
using
a
standard
solution
of
known
conductivity.

Following
calibration,
each
instrument
will
be
tagged
identifying
the
person
who
calibrated
the
instrument
and
the
calibration
date.
Calibration
records
for
each
field
instrument
used
during
the
investigation
will
be
maintained,
and
copies
of
the
records
will
be
stored
in
the
project
QA
files.
An
example
form
record
(
for
the
PID)
is
presented
as
Figure
2.

Calibration
of
the
liquid
chromatograph­
tandem
mass
spectrometer
(
LC/
MS/
MS)
and
other
analytical
equipment
will
be
performed
according
to
laboratory
SOPs.
Mass
calibration
checks
meeting
criteria
must
be
performed.
The
correlation
coefficient
(
R)
for
calibration
curves
generated
for
C­
8
analysis
must
be
 
0.992
(
R2
 
0.985).
If
calibration
results
do
not
meet
the
criteria
listed
in
the
SOP,
then
appropriate
steps
must
be
taken
to
adjust
instrument
operation,
and
the
standards
or
the
relevant
set
of
samples
should
be
reanalyzed.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Analytical
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
20
Wilmington,
DE
8.0
ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURES
Drinking
water,
groundwater,
surface
water
and
samples
collected
at
Washington
Works
will
be
analyzed
by
a
DuPont­
approved
laboratory
for
C­
8.

C­
8,
or
ammonium
perfluorooctanoate
(
APFO)
forms
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(
PFOA)
in
aqueous
solution.
PFOA
is
extracted
from
water
using
C18
solid
phase
extraction
(
SPE)
cartridges.
Quantitation
of
PFOA
is
accomplished
by
LC/
MS/
MS
analysis
using
selected
reaction
monitoring
(
SRM).
Levels
of
PFOA
found
are
mathematically
converted
and
reported
as
APFO.

Chemical
parameters,
sample
containers,
holding
times,
and
preservatives
are
presented
in
Table
2.
The
analytical
procedure
used
by
the
laboratory
will
be
consistent
with
applicable
laboratory
SOPs
as
specified
in
Table
3.

Quantitative
reporting
threshold
limits
are
sample
dependent
and
may
vary
as
the
sample
matrix
varies.
Factors
influencing
the
threshold
limits
include
sample
matrix,
interferences,
and
high
concentrations
of
analytes.
The
LOQ
to
be
reported
for
C­
8
analysis
is
50
ng/
L.
The
LOQ
was
determined
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
concentration
of
interest
and
laboratory
background
concentrations
and
is
intended
to
enable
the
data
user
to
make
technically
correct
decisions
for
the
purposes
of
the
groundwater
investigation.
The
actual
LOQs
may
vary
from
sample
to
sample
in
accordance
with
the
standard
laboratory
practices
(
e.
g.,
dilution
resulting
from
high
analyte
concentration).
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Data
Reduction,
Verification
and
Reporting
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
21
Wilmington,
DE
9.0
DATA
REDUCTION,
VERIFICATION
AND
REPORTING
9.1
Data
Reduction
Data
reduction
involves
the
process
of
generating
qualitative
and
quantitative
sample
information
through
observations,
field
procedures,
analytical
measurements,
and
calculations.
Data
reduction
occurs
through
 
The
work
plan
through
sample
locations
and
naming
conventions.

 
The
field
sampling
process
by
using
field
logs
and
field
measurements.

 
Field
communications
with
the
laboratory
in
sample
analysis
requests.

 
Field
operations
with
collection,
preservation,
and
chain­
of­
custody
documentation.

 
Laboratory
operations
with
sample
receipt
and
handling,
sample
preparation
and
analysis,
collation
of
raw
data,
and
generation
of
laboratory
results.

 
Post­
laboratory
operations
with
the
collation
of
analytical
results
in
a
format
suitable
for
documents
such
as
reports,
maps,
and
trend
plots.

Data
reduction
steps
include
field
operations,
laboratory
operations,
and
report
preparation
operations.
Specific
QC
measures
developed
to
ensure
accuracy
throughout
the
data
reduction
process
are
described
in
Sections
11.0
and
13.0.

9.2
Data
Verification
Data
verification
is
the
process
of
verifying
that
qualitative
and
quantitative
information
generated
relative
to
a
given
sample
is
complete
and
accurate.

All
C­
8
data
will
be
reviewed
for
compliance
with
the
laboratory
SOP
and
usability
according
to
a
prepared
checklist
(
see
Appendix
A).

Ten
percent
of
the
data
points
will
be
validated
by
a
third
party
reviewer,
such
as
ESI,
for
compliance
with
the
laboratory
SOP
and
data
usability.
Region
III
Modifications
to
the
National
Functional
Guidelines
will
be
used
as
a
guide
for
report
formatting
and
application
of
qualifiers.
Validation
will
take
place
concurrent
with
data
reporting
in
order
to
expedite
reporting
of
C­
8
results.
A
formal
report
will
be
generated
by
the
validator,
which
will
include
judgments
on
data
usability
and
data
qualifiers
applied
by
the
validator.
This
report
will
be
forwarded
to
the
GIST.

9.3
Data
Reporting
The
laboratory
will
report
C­
8
results
to
three
significant
figures.
C­
8
results
will
be
reported
to
the
LOQ.
Reported
concentrations
will
not
be
corrected
for
contaminants
found
in
associated
method
and
field
blanks.
Deliverables
will
include
a
narrative
and
appropriate
laboratory
raw
data
and
QC
Summary
forms.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Data
Reduction,
Verification
and
Reporting
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
22
Wilmington,
DE
The
laboratory
will
report
C­
8
results
for
a
laboratory
replicate
of
each
field
sample.
These
results
will
be
evaluated
for
precision
by
comparing
the
field
sample
result
to
the
corresponding
laboratory
replicate
result.
If
both
results
are
less
than
the
LOQ,
the
replicate
sample
for
that
analyte
is
considered
to
have
passed
the
precision
criteria.
If
one
or
both
results
is
between
one
and
five
times
the
LOQ,
the
replicate
is
considered
to
have
met
the
criteria
if
the
two
results
differ
by
less
than
the
LOQ.
If
one
result
is
less
than
the
LOQ
and
the
other
is
not,
and
if
the
two
results
differed
by
a
value
less
than
the
LOQ,
the
replicate
is
said
to
have
met
the
acceptance
criteria.
Finally,
if
both
results
are
at
least
five
times
the
LOQ,
the
replicate
is
considered
to
have
met
the
criteria
if
the
relative
percent
difference
(
RPD)
between
the
two
results
is
less
than
or
equal
to
20%.
RPD
is
the
absolute
value
of
the
difference
of
two
measurements
divided
by
their
average.

When
the
precision
criteria
outlined
above
is
met,
DuPont
will
report
the
average
of
the
field
sample
and
lab
replicate
results
reported
by
the
laboratory.
If
criteria
for
precision
is
exceeded,
the
higher
of
the
sample
and
lab
replicate
results
will
be
reported
by
DuPont.
Finally,
when
one
result
(
from
the
sample/
lab
replicate
pair)
is
above
the
LOQ
and
one
below,
the
result
which
is
above
the
LOQ
will
be
reported.
C­
8
results
will
be
recorded
in
the
Corporate
Environmental
Database
(
CED)
and
reported
as
FC­
143
for
consistency
with
historical
results.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Internal
Quality
Control
Checks
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
23
Wilmington,
DE
10.0
INTERNAL
QUALITY
CONTROL
CHECKS
As
part
of
the
QA
program,
samples
will
be
collected
and
prepared
to
provide
control
over
the
collection
of
environmental
measurements
and
subsequent
review,
interpretation,
and
validation
of
generated
analytical
data.
Two
types
of
QA
samples
will
be
prepared
or
collected:
field
(
e.
g.,
equipment
rinsate)
blanks
and
duplicate
(
i.
e.,
replicate)
samples.
The
two
types
of
QA
samples
are
discussed
in
more
detail
below.
Split
samples
may
also
be
collected
by
third
parties,
as
discussed
below.

10.1
Field
Blanks
Field
blanks
will
be
collected
during
sampling
of
drinking
water,
groundwater,
and
surface
water.
These
blanks
will
provide
a
check
on
possible
sources
of
contamination
such
as
sample
bottle
preparation,
blank
water
quality,
and
sample
handling.
Field
blanks
also
will
be
used
to
indicate
potential
contamination
from
ambient
air
or
sampling
equipment
used
to
collect
and
transfer
samples.

Field
blanks
will
be
collected
using
two
identical
sets
of
pre­
cleaned
sample
containers.
One
set
of
containers
will
be
empty
and
will
serve
as
the
sample
containers
to
analyze.
The
second
set
of
containers
will
be
filled
at
the
laboratory
with
laboratory­
demonstrated
analyte­
free
water.
The
water
will
originate
from
one
common
source
and
physical
location
within
the
laboratory
and
will
be
the
same
water
as
the
method
blank
water
used
by
the
laboratory.
Field
blanks
will
be
handled,
transported,
and
analyzed
in
the
same
manner
as
the
samples
acquired
that
day.
After
sampling
at
the
suspected
most
impacted
field
location,
analyte­
free
water
will
be
rinsed
over
decontaminated
sampling
equipment
and
placed
in
the
empty
sample
container
for
analysis
(
it
may
be
necessary
for
the
laboratory
to
provide
extra
water
to
ensure
sufficient
volume
of
blank
water
to
eliminate
headspace).
The
rationale
for
collecting
equipment
rinsate
samples
at
the
suspected
most
impacted
area
is
to
simulate
a
worst­
case
scenario
regarding
sampling
equipment
crosscontamination
and
ambient
air
contributions
to
sample
contamination.
When
there
is
no
sampling
equipment
to
be
rinsed,
as
for
tap
water
sampling,
a
bottle
to
bottle
transfer
of
the
blank
water
will
take
place
in
order
to
collect
a
field
blank
sample.
Field
blanks
will
return
to
the
laboratory
with
the
same
set
of
sample
bottles
they
accompanied
to
the
field.

Other
guidelines
for
the
use
and
integrity
of
field
blanks
include:

 
Field
blanks
should
not
be
held
on­
site
for
more
than
four
calendar
days.

 
The
clock
governing
holding
times
for
the
field
blank
will
begin
at
the
time
of
sample
collection
when
analyzed
using
EPA
document
SW­
846
protocol.

 
Field
blanks
will
be
collected
and
analyzed
at
a
rate
of
at
least
one
per
day
and
at
a
rate
of
one
in
20
(
minimum
of
one
per
day)
samples.
Field
blanks
will
be
analyzed
for
the
same
parameters
for
which
the
environmental
samples
collected
that
day
are
analyzed.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Internal
Quality
Control
Checks
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
24
Wilmington,
DE
10.2
Duplicate
Samples
Collecting
duplicate
samples
allows
the
evaluation
of
the
laboratory's
performance
by
comparing
the
analytical
results
of
two
samples
from
the
same
location.
Duplicates
will
be
collected
for
aqueous
and
soil
matrix
samples
at
a
rate
of
5
percent.
Duplicates
will
be
labeled
as
independent
samples
(
i.
e.,
blind
duplicates)
so
that
the
samples
will
not
be
identified
as
duplicates
by
the
laboratory.

Duplicates
of
aqueous
samples
(
surface
and
groundwater)
will
be
obtained
by
alternately
filling
sample
containers
from
the
sampling
device
for
each
parameter.
VOC
sample
containers,
if
any,
will
be
filled
from
the
same
aqueous
sample
retrieval
and
will
be
the
first
set
of
containers
filled.
If
sample
bottles
are
filled
directly,
then
the
sample
container
for
each
set
of
parameters
will
be
alternately
filled.
Procedures
for
collecting
drinking
water,
groundwater,
and
surface
water
samples
are
provided
in
Sections
5.3
through
5.6
of
this
QAPP.

Although
moisture
content,
particle
size,
and
adsorption
properties
of
various
soils
inhibit
the
ability
to
achieve
replicability,
soil
duplicate
samples
may
also
be
collected.
Sample
locations
for
duplicate
soil
samples
will
be
selected
to
ensure
collection
of
representative
samples
and
sufficient
sample
volume
to
fulfill
all
QA/
QC
protocols.

10.3
Split
Samples
To
maintain
the
integrity
of
any
samples
split
with
other
parties,
primary
contractor
personnel
and
sampling
equipment
will
be
used
to
collect
all
samples.
Other
parties,
if
any,
will
provide
their
own
equipment
(
e.
g.,
sample
containers,
blank
containers,
preservatives,
chain­
of­
custody
forms)
and
will
adhere
to
the
protocols
outlined
in
this
QAPP.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Performance
and
System
Audits
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
25
Wilmington,
DE
11.0
PERFORMANCE
AND
SYSTEM
AUDITS
QA
auditing
will
be
performed
under
the
direction
and
approval
of
the
QA
officer.
The
QA
officer
will
plan,
schedule,
and
approve
system
and
performance
(
i.
e.,
field)
audits
based
on
procedures
tailored
to
project
requirements.
These
audits
will
be
implemented
to
verify,
document,
and
enforce
project
performance
objectives
and
subcontractor
personnel
and
measurement
system(
s)
protocols.
At
times,
the
QA
officer
may
request
additional
personnel
with
specific
expertise
from
within
the
company
and/
or
project
groups
to
assist
in
conducting
the
audit(
s).

An
audit
checklist
is
presented
as
Figure
3.
Unannounced
audits
will
be
performed
as
deemed
necessary
by
the
QA
officer.
The
field
audit
will
be
conducted
while
measurement
systems
are
operational,
if
possible.

Audit
reports
will
be
written
by
the
auditor
after
gathering
and
evaluating
all
resulting
data.
Noncompliances
will
be
logged,
documented,
and
controlled
through
audit
findings,
which
are
attached
to
and
made
a
part
of
the
audit
report.
These
audit
finding
forms
will
be
directed
to
the
project
manager
to
resolve
the
noncompliance
in
a
specified
and
timely
manner.
All
audit
reports,
audit
findings,
and
acceptable
resolutions
will
be
approved
by
the
QA
officer
prior
to
being
issued.
QA
verification
of
acceptable
resolutions
may
be
determined
by
a
re­
audit
or
documented
surveillance
of
the
item
or
activity.
Upon
verification
acceptance,
the
QA
officer
will
close
out
the
audit
report
and
findings.
Copies
of
all
audit
reports
and
audit
findings
will
be
maintained
as
part
of
the
project
file.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Preventative
Maintenance
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
26
Wilmington,
DE
12.0
PREVENTATIVE
MAINTENANCE
All
field
equipment
will
be
subjected
to
a
routine
maintenance
program
before
and
after
each
use.
The
routine
maintenance
program
for
each
piece
of
equipment
will
be
in
accordance
with
the
manufacturer's
operations
and
maintenance
manual.
All
equipment
will
be
cleaned
and
checked
for
integrity
after
each
use.
Repairs
will
be
performed
immediately
after
any
defects
are
observed
and
before
the
item
of
equipment
is
used
again.
Equipment
parts
with
a
limited
life
(
e.
g.,
such
as
batteries,
membranes,
and
some
electronic
components)
will
be
periodically
checked
and
replaced
or
recharged
as
necessary
according
to
the
manufacturer's
specifications.

Each
piece
of
field
equipment
will
have
its
own
log
sheet
that
contains
the
equipment
identification
number,
information
on
maintenance
procedures,
and
the
date
and
nature
of
the
last
maintenance.
Since
most
equipment
will
be
used
on
an
irregular,
as­
needed
basis,
all
equipment
will
be
properly
stored
when
not
in
use.

Laboratory
equipment
maintenance
will
be
regularly
performed
by
the
subcontracted
laboratory.
It
will
be
the
laboratory's
responsibility
to
maintain
and
document
the
maintenance
of
properly
functioning
equipment
so
that
the
data
is
usable
and
reproducible.
Upon
request
a
description
of
the
laboratory's
equipment,
maintenance
procedures
will
be
provided
by
the
subcontracted
laboratory.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Data
Measurement
Assessment
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
27
Wilmington,
DE
13.0
DATA
MEASUREMENT
ASSESSMENT
PROCEDURES
The
DQOs
for
the
Washington
Works
groundwater
investigation
were
established
in
terms
of
representativeness,
comparability,
precision,
accuracy,
and
completeness
of
the
data
set.
The
laboratory
analysis
SOP
will
be
used
to
specify
the
quality
of
data
and
define
the
analytical
techniques
required
to
produce
the
DQOs.
The
laboratory
analysis
SOP
provides
an
assessment
of
the
laboratory's
analytical
capabilities
and
staff
qualifications
to
perform
the
specified
level
of
quality.
The
appropriate
laboratory
QC
procedure
is
specified
in
each
analytical
method.

13.1
Representativeness
Representativeness
expresses
the
degree
to
which
data
accurately
and
precisely
represents
a
measured
characteristic
of
a
population,
parameter
variations
at
the
sampling
point,
a
process
condition,
or
an
environmental
condition.
The
degree
of
representativeness
is
dependent
on
the
objectives
of
the
measurement
results.
Thus,
representativeness
can
be
classified
into
the
following
four
objective
levels:

 
Level
1
Sample
is
only
representative
of
the
point
of
sampling
(
e.
g.,
drum,
storage
tank,
and
single
point
within
a
stream
or
land
area)

 
Level
2
Sample
is
part
of
a
set
and
represents
a
defined
area
or
portion
of
land
or
water
 
not
just
the
point
of
sampling
(
e.
g.,
stream
transect,
sampling
grid
of
a
land
area,
underground
aquifer)

 
Level
3
Sample
represents
a
relationship
between
the
source
of
contamination
and
the
location
sampled
(
e.
g.,
source
and
monitoring
well,
source
and
stream)

 
Level
4
Sample
is
a
nonrepresentative
sample
used
for
assessment
purposes
only
(
e.
g.,
preliminary
assessment,
spot
check)

The
objective
of
the
sampling,
monitoring,
and
analysis
will
be
that
results
are
representative
of
the
medium
investigated
(
e.
g.,
soil,
water)
and
its
condition
to
a
degree
consistent
with
the
desired
objective
level.
Objective
levels
1,
2,
and
3
as
described
above
will
be
used
to
accomplish
the
Washington
Works
groundwater
investigation
objectives.

13.2
Comparability
For
this
project,
all
measurement
data
will
be
calculated
and
reported
in
units
consistent
with
standard
practice
to
allow
comparability
of
new
and
future
data.
Data
comparability
also
includes
seasonal
trends.

The
groundwater
investigation
will
use
results
generated
by
appropriate
laboratory
SOPs.
The
current
and
future
use
of
these
methods
will
allow
data
produced
during
the
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Data
Measurement
Assessment
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
28
Wilmington,
DE
groundwater
investigation
to
be
comparable
to
data
generated
during
subsequent
sampling
and
analysis
programs.

13.3
Precision
Precision
means
the
measurement
of
agreement
of
a
set
of
replicate
results
among
themselves
without
assuming
any
prior
information
as
to
the
true
result.
Precision
will
be
quantitatively
assessed
by
evaluating
relative
percent
difference
values
for
field
duplicates
and
laboratory
replicates.
To
determine
the
precision
of
the
analytical
method,
a
program
of
replicate
analyses
will
be
followed.
The
laboratory
will
split
a
sample
into
two
subsamples
and
analyze
each
independently
at
the
frequency
listed
in
the
appropriate
method.
A
comparison
of
results
of
field
duplicates
will
assist
in
evaluating
the
overall
representativeness
of
the
data.

The
results
of
the
replicate
analysis
will
be
used
to
calculate
the
QC
parameter
[
relative
percent
difference
(
RPD)]
for
precision
evaluation.
The
following
equation
is
used
to
calculate
RPD:

RPD
=
D
­
D
(
D
+
D
)
/
2
1
2
1
2
=
x
100
where,

D1
is
defined
as
the
first
subsample
value
D2
is
defined
as
the
second
subsample
value
The
frequency
of
laboratory
replicates
is
described
in
the
laboratory
SOP.
In
addition
to
evaluating
the
method
precision,
duplicate
or
split
samples
will
be
collected
in
the
field
and
analyzed
independently.
These
results
will
be
used
to
evaluate
the
total
system's
variability,
including
sampling
variations.
The
identity
of
the
field
splits
will
not
be
known
by
laboratory
personnel.

The
analytical
precision
produced
by
laboratory
replicate
analyses
will
be
evaluated
by
both
the
laboratory
and
DuPont,
while
field
splits
will
be
evaluated
only
by
DuPont.
The
evaluation
of
both
types
of
data
will
be
in
accordance
with
the
referenced
SOP
and
this
plan.

13.4
Accuracy
Accuracy
means
the
nearness
of
a
result
or
the
mean
of
a
set
of
results
to
the
true
value.
Accuracy
is
assessed
by
means
of
reference
samples
and
percent
recoveries.
Accuracy
for
this
project
will
be
quantitatively
assessed
by
evaluating
relative
percent
recoveries
of
items
such
as
matrix
spike
and
laboratory
control
spike
samples.
Accuracy
will
be
qualitatively
assessed
by
evaluating
instrument
performance
checks
and
field
blanks.
To
determine
the
accuracy
of
an
analytical
method,
a
program
of
sample
spiking
will
be
followed.
The
spiking
frequency
will
be
as
stated
in
the
referenced
SOP.
The
results
of
sample
spiking
will
be
used
to
calculate
the
QC
parameter
(
i.
e.,
percent
recovery)
for
accuracy
evaluation.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Data
Measurement
Assessment
Procedures
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
29
Wilmington,
DE
The
following
equation
will
be
used:

%
Recovery
=
SSR
­
SR
SA
=
x
100
where,
SSR
=
Spiked
sample
result
SR
=
Sample
result
SA
=
Spike
added
The
frequency
for
the
spiking
is
per
the
laboratory
SOP.

13.5
Completeness
The
objective
of
the
groundwater
investigation
sampling
and
analysis
program
is
to
characterize
waters
at
Washington
Works
and
associated
landfills.
The
completeness
goals
to
meet
this
objective
are
listed
in
Table
1.
Completeness
will
be
determined
following
periodic
evaluation
of
the
accuracy
and
precision
results
of
the
project
data
sets.
Valid
Data
Total
Data
Generated
=
%
Complete
x
100
Usable
data
will
be
determined
in
accordance
with
the
referenced
method
(
see
Section
9.0).
The
percent
complete
will
be
used
to
determine
whether
the
data
quality
meets
the
objectives
for
the
groundwater
investigation.

If
the
completeness
objectives
are
not
met
for
individual
parameters,
the
reasons
for
the
invalid
data
will
be
reviewed
by
DuPont.
Depending
on
the
reasons
(
e.
g.,
holding
time
exceeded)
and
the
effect
of
the
incomplete
data
on
the
accomplishment
of
the
groundwater
investigation
objectives,
additional
samples
may
be
collected
and
analyzed.
This
subjective
evaluation
will
also
be
conducted
if
a
sample
does
not
generate
data
C­
8.
Such
a
data
gap
could
result
from
sample
container
loss
or
sample
custody
not
being
maintained.
If
it
is
determined
by
DuPont
that
the
missing
results
are
critical
to
accomplishing
the
objectives
(
e.
g.,
a
groundwater
sample
to
be
used
for
risk
assessment
purposes
is
lost)
additional
sampling
will
be
performed
to
obtain
the
missing
data.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Corrective
Action
Approach
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
30
Wilmington,
DE
14.0
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
APPROACH
The
following
procedures
have
been
established
to
ensure
conditions
adverse
to
quality,
such
as
equipment
malfunctions,
performance
deficiencies,
deviations,
and
errors,
are
promptly
investigated,
documented,
evaluated,
and
corrected.
These
conditions
may
be
noted
during
the
field
audit,
field
activities,
data
reduction
and
evaluation,
and/
or
validation
of
laboratory
reports.

When
a
significant
condition
adverse
to
quality
is
noted
in
the
field,
in
the
laboratory,
or
at
the
office,
the
cause
of
the
condition
will
be
determined,
and
corrective
action
will
be
initiated
by
the
QA
officer
to
preclude
repetition.
The
nature
and
cause
of
the
condition,
reference
documents,
and
planned
corrective
actions
will
be
documented
and
reported
to
the
field
team
leader,
project
manager,
QA
officer,
and
involved
subcontractor
management,
as
appropriate.
Implementation
of
the
corrective
action
will
be
documented
by
the
QA
officer.
All
project
personnel
are
responsible,
as
part
of
their
standard
work
duties,
to
promptly
identify
and
report
conditions
adverse
to
quality
and
implement
the
appropriate
corrective
action.

Corrective
actions
will
be
initiated,
at
a
minimum,
when:

 
Procedures
or
data
are
determined
to
be
suspect;
all
field
and
laboratory
procedures
that
are
not
conducted
according
to
the
groundwater
investigation
plan
and
the
guidance
documents
cited
therein
will
be
considered
suspect.
Data
generated
by
these
procedures
will
be
considered
suspect.

 
Equipment
or
instrumentation
is
found
to
be
faulty;
equipment
or
instrumentation
that
does
not
operate
according
to
manufacturer's
specifications
and/
or
does
not
properly
calibrate
will
be
considered
faulty.

 
Representativeness
of
samples
and
test
results
is
questionable;
results
that
conflict
with
on­
site
observations,
other
laboratory
results,
or
historical
and
background
data
will
be
considered
questionable.
Questionable
results
will
be
considered
nonrepresentative
of
the
conditions
present
at
the
sampling
location.

 
Quality
assurance
requirements
have
been
violated.

 
Design
approvals
have
been
circumvented.

 
Field
audits
and/
or
management
assessments
result
in
the
determination
that
corrective
actions
are
necessary.

14.1
Corrective
Action
Procedure
Description
The
project
manager
will
use
appropriate
staff
such
as
field
staff,
QA
auditors,
document
and
sample
control
personnel,
and
laboratory
groups
to
monitor
ongoing
work
performance
in
the
normal
course
of
daily
responsibilities.

The
QA
officer
or
designated
auditors
will
review
(
audit)
field
activities,
laboratory
reports,
and
office
records.
Items,
activities,
or
documents
that
are
in
noncompliance
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Corrective
Action
Approach
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
31
Wilmington,
DE
with
QA
requirements
will
be
documented,
and
corrective
action
will
be
implemented.
All
findings
will
be
logged,
maintained,
and
controlled
by
the
QA
officer.

A
corrective
action
request
(
CAR),
presented
as
Figure
4,
will
be
used
to
identify
the
adverse
condition,
the
reference
document(
s),
and
the
recommendation
of
corrective
action(
s)
to
be
implemented.
The
CAR
will
be
sent
to
the
person
responsible
for
the
item
or
activity
requiring
action.
The
individual
receiving
the
CAR
will
implement
the
recommended
corrective
action
of
an
equivalent
corrective
action
and
return
the
completed
form
promptly
to
the
QA/
QC
officer
after
affixing
his/
her
signature
and
date.
The
QA
officer
will
maintain
a
status
control
log
of
CARs
and
responses,
confirm
the
adequacy
of
the
intended
corrective
action,
and
verify
implementation
of
the
corrective
action.
At
a
minimum,
the
QA
officer
will
issue
and
distribute
CARs
to
the
originator,
project
manager,
and
involved
personnel
(
including
subcontractors).
CARs
will
be
maintained
in
the
project
file.

It
will
be
the
project
manager's
overall
responsibility
to
ensure
that
all
corrective
actions
are
acted
upon
promptly
and
satisfactorily.
Groundwater
Investigation
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
Quality
Assurance
Reports
to
Management
WW
QAPP
rev3.
doc
May.
7,
03
32
Wilmington,
DE
15.0
QUALITY
ASSURANCE
REPORTS
TO
MANAGEMENT
Periodic
reports
detailing
the
results
of
QA/
QC
activities
described
in
previous
sections
(
see
Section
9.0,
11.0,
and
14.0)
will
be
submitted
to
the
project
director
through
the
project
manager
as
required.
These
documents
will
include
reports
on:

 
Significant
deviations
from
protocol
as
stated
in
the
QAPP.

 
Field
system
and
performance
audits.

 
Laboratory
system
and
performance
audits.

 
Corrective
action
and
follow­
up.
TABLES
Table
1
DUPONT
WASHINGTON
WORKS
GROUNDWATER
INVESTIGATION
PRECISION,
ACCURACY,
AND
COMPLETENESS
OBJECTIVES
FOR
WATER
SAMPLES
Precision
Accuracy**
Completeness
(
Relative
%
(
Relative
(%)
Difference)
Recovery)
for
Test
Test
Method
for
Water
for
Water
Water
C­
8*
Laboratory
SOP
20
70­
130
90**
(
LC/
MS/
MS)

*
also
known
as
FC­
143
or
ammonium
perfluorooctanoate
(
APFO).

**
Completeness
objective
may
be
100%
for
designated
sampling
events.

5/
7/
2003
Page
1
QAPPtblrev.
xlsTable
1
Table
2
DUPONT
WASHINGTON
WORKS
GROUNDWATER
INVESTIGATION
SUMMARY
OF
HOLDING
TIMES
AND
PRESERVATION
FOR
WATER
SAMPLES
Test
Test
Method
Container
Holding
Time
Preservation**
C8*
Laboratory
SOP
P
14
days
Cool
4
°
C
(
LC/
MS/
MS)

*
also
known
as
FC­
143
or
ammonium
perfluorooctanoate
(
APFO).

**
All
samples
are
to
be
stored
at
nominal
4
°
C
(
not
frozen
to
6oC).
P
=
Polyethylene
5/
7/
2003
Page
1
QAPPtblrev.
xlsTable
2
Table
3
DUPONT
WASHINGTON
WORKS
GROUNDWATER
INVESTIGATION
ANALYTICAL
METHODOLOGY
WATER
SAMPLES
Preparation
Method
**
Analytical
Parameter
Soil
Water
Method**
C8*
SOP
SOP
LC/
MS/
MS
*
also
known
as
FC­
143
or
ammonium
perfluorooctanoate
(
APFO).
**
Methods
are
from
laboratory
SOP.

5/
7/
2003
Page
1
QAPPtblrev.
xlsTable
3
FIGURES
GROUNDWATER
INVESTIGATION
STEERING
TEAM
Andrew
Hartten
CRG
Project
Director
Michael
Aucoin
URSD
QA
Officer/
Project
Chemist
Contractor
Field
Technical
Staff
Potesta
&
Associates
(
Laboratory)
Operating
Manager
(
Laboratory)
QA
Manager
Laboratory
Staff
(
Laboratory)
Sample
Custodian
URSD
Project
Geologist
(
Contractor)
Laboratory
Project
Manager
____
Line
of
authority
­­­­­­
Line
of
communication
Figure
1
PROJECT
ORGANIZATION
DIAGRAM
Mark
Houlday
URSD
Project
Manager
Figure
2
DAILY
INSTRUMENT
CALIBRATION
CHECK
SHEET
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
DuPont
Washington
Works
Groundwater
Investigation
INSTRUMENT:

SERIAL
NO.:

Date
Pure
Air
Y/
N
Calibration
Gas
(
ppm)
Battery
Check
(
good/
bad)
Calibrated
By
Remarks
Page
1
of
2
Figure
3
AUDIT
CHECKLIST
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
DuPont
Washington
Works
Groundwater
Investigation
PROJECT:
PROJECT
MANAGER:

SITE
LOCATION:

AUDITOR:
DATE:

Question
Yes
No
Comment/
Documentation
Field:
1.
Was
an
on­
site
safety
officer
appointed?
2.
Did
site
personnel
receive
a
copy
of
the
site­
specific
sampling
and
analytical
plan
in
a
timely
manner
to
allow
for
sufficient
review?
3.
Are
copies
available
in
the
field
during
sampling?
4.
Was
a
briefing
held
off
site,
before
any
site
work
was
begun,
to
acquaint
personnel
with
sampling
equipment,
assign
field
responsibilities,
and
review
safety
procedures?
5.
Do
field
personnel
have
a
field
notebook?
6.
Are
the
site
survey
grid
stakes
present?
7.
Do
the
number
and
location
of
samples
collected
follow
the
procedures
as
specified
in
the
site­
specific
sampling
and
analysis
plan?
8.
Are
samples
labeled?
9.
Are
samples
being
collected
following
the
procedures?
10.
Was
a
chain­
of­
custody
form
filled
out
for
all
samples
collected?
11.
Are
samples
preserved
as
specified?
12.
Are
the
number,
frequency,
and
type
of
samples
(
including
blanks
and
duplicates)
collected
as
described
in
the
sampling
analysis
plan?

13.
Are
the
number,
frequency,
and
type
of
measurements
and
observations
taken
as
specified
in
the
site­
specific
sampling
and
analysis
plan?
Page
2
of
2
Figure
3
AUDIT
CHECKLIST
(
Continued)

Question
Yes
No
Comment/
Documentation
Field:

14.
Are
operating
procedures
for
field
equipment
available?

15.
Is
a
record
maintained
of
the
calibration
of
field
equipment?

16.
Is
field
equipment
being
calibrated
as
required?

17.
Are
geophysical
cross
sections
correlated
to
geologic
data?

18.
Is
safety
equipment
being
used
by
field
personnel?

19.
Is
emergency
safety
equipment
available
as
required
in
the
health
and
safety
plan?

20.
Are
well
designations
clearly
labeled
(
i.
e.,
well
numbers)?

21.
Are
caps
on
wells
locked
if
not
being
used?
Figure
4
CORRECTIVE
ACTION
REQUEST
Quality
Assurance
Project
Plan
DuPont
Washington
Works
Groundwater
Investigation
Number:
Date:

To:

You
are
hereby
requested
to
take
corrective
actions
indicated
below
and
as
otherwise
determined
by
you
(
A)
to
resolve
the
noted
condition
and
(
B)
prevent
it
from
reoccurring.
Your
written
response
is
to
be
returned
to
the
project
quality
assurance
officer
by
.

Condition:

Reference
Documents:

Recommended
Corrective
Actions:

Originator
Date
Approval
Date
Approval
Date
Corrective
Action
(
A)
Resolution:

(
B1)
Prevention:

(
B2)
Affected
Documents:

Signature:
Date:

Q.
A.
Followup
Corrective
Action
Verified
By
:
Date:
APPENDICES
FC­
143
Data
Package
Review
page
1
of
3
FC143
data
review
rev2.
doc
Location
 
Jobname
­

Lab
 
Exygen
Research
Lab
Report
No.
­

NARRATIVE
 
confirm
target
compound
is
APFO,
review
text
against
SOP
for
sample
prep/
analysis,
note
if
QC
criteria
not
being
met
RESULTS
SUMMARY
 
attach
a
copy
of
results
summary
to
this
document
Confirm
sample
results
reported
as
APFO
(
QC
samples,
raw
data
may
show
PFOA)

Evaluate
precision
for
each
sample
and
lab
rep
pair
 
if
both
results
>
5X
LOQ
calculate
RPD,
compare
to
20%
(
40%
for
solids);
if
either
or
both
results
are
<
5X
LOQ,
calculate
difference
(
using
LOQ
for
non
detects)
and
compare
to
LOQ
(
2X
LOQ
for
solids)

If
precision
criteria
met,
report
average
of
sample/
lab
rep;
if
precision
criteria
not
met,
or
if
one
result
above
and
one
below
LOQ,
report
the
higher
of
the
two
results
MATRIX
SPIKE
RECOVERY
 
spike
recovery
must
meet
criteria
(
70­
130%)
unless
sample
concentration
is
>
4X
spike
concentration.
Spike
value
is
500
­
500,000
ng/
L.

COC
REVIEW/
SAMPLE
RECEIPT
Samples
relinquished
by
field
Samples
received
at
lab
next
day
Samples
packed
in
wet
ice
Sample
temperature
upon
receipt
(
not
frozen
to
6
C)

HOLD
TIME
 
14
days
from
date
of
collection
to
analysis
date
FC­
143
Data
Package
Review
page
2
of
3
FC143
data
review
rev2.
doc
Location
 
Jobname
­

Lab
 
Exygen
Research
Lab
Report
No.
­

RUN
SEQUENCE
 
check
raw
data
report:

Initial
6
point
calibration
Each
standard
repeated
during
sequence
Check
standard
(
250
ppt)
within
15%
of
average
response
for
250
ppt
calibration
standards
LCS
@
LOQ
(
recovery
should
be
70­
130%)

LCS
@
10X
LOQ
(
recovery
should
be
70­
130%)

Recalculate
one
or
more
results
METHOD
BLANKS
 
less
than
LOQ
LC/
MS/
MS
OPERATING
CONDITIONS
LM/
HM
Res
1
 
should
be
13
­
14
LM/
HM
Res
2
 
should
be
11­
14,
not
greater
than
LM/
HM
Res
1
Cone
voltage
 
should
be
10
Scanning
method
 
413­
369
transition
MASS
CALIBRATION
Confirm
sample
analysis
within
one
week
of
mass
calibration
meeting
criteria
All
masses
must
be
found
within
0.2
amu
of
known
masses
INITIAL
CALIBRATION
 
initial
6
standards,
with
no
weighting
Correlation
coefficient
R
>
0.992
Coefficient
of
determination
R2
>
0.985
FC­
143
Data
Package
Review
page
3
of
3
FC143
data
review
rev2.
doc
Location
 
Jobname
­

Lab
 
Exygen
Research
Lab
Report
No.
­

CONTINUING
CALIBRATION
 
all
standards,
with
1/
x
weighting,
no
more
than
two
standards
excluded
R2
>
0.985
RETENTION
TIMES
 
no
more
than
2%
drift
during
run
sequence
COMMENTS
Reviewer
­
Date
­