Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0178-0004
Agency: epa
Document Type: Rule
Title: Prothioconazole; Pesticide Tolerance
Posted Date: 2008-03-19T04:00Z

[Federal Register: March 19, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 54)]
[Rules and Regulations]               
[Page 14714-14719]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr19mr08-21]                         

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0178; FRL-8353-2]

 
Prothioconazole; Pesticide Tolerance

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes a tolerance for combined residues 
of prothioconzole and prothioconazole-desthio, calculated as parent, in 
or on soybean, forage; soybean, seed; soybean, hay; and sugar beet, 
roots. Bayer CropScience requested this tolerance under the Federal 
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality 
Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA).

DATES: This regulation is effective March 19, 2008. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before May 19, 2008, and 
must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR 
part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under docket 
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0178. To access the 
electronic docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov, select ``Advanced 
Search,'' then ``Docket Search.'' Insert the docket ID number where 
indicated and select the ``Submit'' button. Follow the instructions on 
the regulations.gov website to view the docket index or access 
available documents. All documents in the docket are listed in the 
docket index available in regulations.gov. Although listed in the 
index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute.

[[Page 14715]]

Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on 
the Internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. 
Publicly available docket materials are available in the electronic 
docket at http://www.regulations.gov, or, if only available in hard 
copy, at the OPP Regulatory Public Docket in Rm. S-4400, One Potomac 
Yard (South Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. The Docket 
Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
excluding legal holidays. The Docket Facility telephone number is (703) 
305-5805.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Bryant Crowe, Registration Division 
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone 
number: (703) 305-0025; e-mail address: crowe.bryant@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this Action Apply to Me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to those 
engaged in the following activities:
    Crop production (NAICS code 111), e.g., agricultural 
workers; greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; farmers.
     Animal production (NAICS code 112), e.g., cattle ranchers 
and farmers, dairy cattle farmers, livestock farmers.
    Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311), e.g., agricultural 
workers; farmers; greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; 
ranchers; pesticide applicators.
    Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532), e.g., 
agricultural workers; commercial applicators; farmers; greenhouse, 
nursery, and floriculture workers; residential users.
    This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to 
provide a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by 
this action. Other types of entities not listed in this unit could also 
be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System 
(NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in 
determining whether this action might apply to certain entities. If you 
have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a 
particular entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT.

B. How Can I Access Electronic Copies of this Document?

    In addition to accessing an electronic copy of this Federal 
Register document through the electronic docket at http://
www.regulations.gov, you may access this Federal Register document 
electronically through the EPA Internet under the ``Federal Register'' 
listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr. You may also access a 
frequently updated electronic version of EPA's tolerance regulations at 
40 CFR part 180 through the Government Printing Office's pilot e-CFR 
site at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr.

C. Can I File an Objection or Hearing Request?

    Under section 408(g) of FFDCA, any person may file an objection to 
any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those 
objections. You must file your objection or request a hearing on this 
regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR part 
178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify docket ID 
number EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0178 in the subject line on the first page of 
your submission. All requests must be in writing, and must be mailed or 
delivered to the Hearing Clerk as required by 40 CFR part 178 on or 
before May 19, 2008.
    In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the 
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of 
the filing that does not contain any CBI for inclusion in the public 
docket that is described in ADDRESSES. Information not marked 
confidential pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA 
without prior notice. Submit this copy, identified by docket ID number 
EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0178, by one of the following methods:
    Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
    Mail: Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Regulatory Public 
Docket (7502P), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001.
    Delivery: OPP Regulatory Public Docket (7502P), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. S-4400, One Potomac Yard (South 
Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. Deliveries are only 
accepted during the Docket's normal hours of operation (8:30 a.m. to 4 
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays). Special 
arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information. The 
Docket Facility telephone number is (703) 305-5805.

II. Petition for Tolerance

    In the Federal Register of June 27, 2007 (72 FR 35237) (FRL-8133-
4), and in the Federal Register of July 12, 2006 (71 FR 39313) (FRL-
8074-9), EPA issued notices pursuant to section 408(d)(3) of FFDCA, 21 
U.S.C. 346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of pesticide petitions (6F7134 
and 6F7073, respectively) by Bayer CropScience, P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. 
Alexander Dr., Research Triangle. These petitions requested that 40 CFR 
180.626 be amended by establishing a tolerance for combined residues of 
the fungicide prothioconazole, 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-
chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, 
and prothioconazole-desthio, in or onsoybean, forage at 5 parts per 
million (ppm); soybean, seed at 0.15 ppm; soybean, hay at 22 ppm; and 
sugar beet, roots at 0.25 ppm and sugar beet, tops at 9 ppm. Those 
notices referenced a summary of the petition prepared by Bayer 
CropScience, the registrant, which is available to the public in the 
docket, http://www.regulations.gov. There were no comments received in 
response to the notice of filings.

III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a 
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a 
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure 
to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary 
exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable 
information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in 
residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. 
Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical 
residue....'' These provisions were added to FFDCA by the Food Quality 
Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996.
    Consistent with FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), and the factors 
specified in FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the available 
scientific data and other relevant information in support of this 
action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of

[[Page 14716]]

and to make a determination on aggregate exposure for the petitioned-
for tolerance for combined residues of prothioconazole, and 
prothioconazole-desthio, calculated as parent, in or on soybean, forage 
at 4.5 ppm; soybean, seed at 0.15 ppm; soybean, hay at 17 ppm; sugar 
beet, roots at 0.25 ppm. Sugar beet, tops do not need a tolerance 
because they are not a human food commodity. EPA's assessment of 
exposures and risks associated with establishing the tolerance follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children.
    Prothioconazole has low acute toxicity by oral, dermal, and 
inhalation routes. It is not a dermal sensitizer, or a skin or eye 
irritant. Prothioconazole-desthio also has low acute toxicity by oral, 
dermal, and inhalation routes. It is not a dermal sensitizer, or a skin 
irritant, but it is a slight eye irritant. Subchronic studies show that 
the target organs at the LOAEL include the liver, kidney, urinary 
bladder, thyroid and blood. Significant clinical chemistry findings 
were also made. NOAEL/LOAEL values across the family of chemicals 
(i.e., prothioconazole, and prothioconazole-desthio and prothioconazole 
sulfonic acid potassium salt metabolites) in the toxicity database 
indicate that prothioconazole-desthio is a most toxic chemical. In 
addition to the target organs and effects observed in the subchronic 
studies (i.e., liver, kidney, urinary bladder, thyroid, hematology and 
clinical chemistry), chronic toxicity at the LOAEL also included body 
weight and food consumption changes, and toxicity to the lymphatic and 
GI systems. The relative potency of prothioconazole-desthio was greater 
than prothioconazole.
    Studies in the rat and mouse, using both prothioconazole and 
prothioconazole-desthio, showed no evidence of carcinogenicity. The 
data show that dosing was adequate, except in the rat cancer study 
using prothioconazole, where the dosing was considered too high.
    The data indicate that prothioconazole and the three metabolites 
evaluated (i.e., prothioconazole-desthio, prothioconazole sulfonic acid 
potassium salt, and prothioconazole-deschloro) variously produce pre-
natal developmental effects at levels equal to or below maternally 
toxic levels. Prothioconazole-desthio is the most toxic orally and 
dermally, with LOAELs significantly below that of the other chemicals. 
The rabbit is the more sensitive species. Lastly, prothioconazole-
desthio is a developmental neurotoxicant, producing changes in brain 
morphometrics and increases in the occurrence of peripheral nerve 
lesions in the neonate. A NOAEL was not determined, since these 
observations were looked for only at the high dose level. Reproduction 
studies in the rat, conducted using prothioconazole and 
prothioconazole-desthio, suggested that these chemicals may not be 
primary reproductive toxicants. Reproductive and offspring toxicities 
were observed only in the presence of parental toxicity. Indeed, the 
parental LOAELs are lower. The data show that prothioconazole-desthio 
is more toxic by an order of magnitude. The nature of parental toxicity 
is similar to what was observed in the subchronic studies, such as body 
weight and food consumption changes, liver effects, etc. Reproductive 
effects included decreases in reproductive indices such as those that 
indicate pup survival and growth. Offspring toxicity was manifested by 
decreased pup weights and malformations such as cleft palate.
    Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the 
adverse effects caused by prothioconazole as well as the no-observed-
adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-
level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies can be found at http://
www.regulations.gov. The referenced document is available in the docket 
established by this action, which is described under ADDRESSES, and is 
identified as ``Prothioconazole: Human Health Risk Assessment for 
Proposed Uses on Soybeans and Sugarbeets'' in that docket.

B. Toxicological Endpoints

    For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no 
appreciable risk, the toxicological level of concern (LOC) is derived 
from the highest dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the 
NOAEL) in the toxicology study identified as appropriate for use in 
risk assessment. However, if a NOAEL cannot be determined, the lowest 
dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL) is 
sometimes used for risk assessment. Uncertainty/safety factors (UFs) 
are used in conjunction with the LOC to take into account uncertainties 
inherent in the extrapolation from laboratory animal data to humans and 
in the variations in sensitivity among members of the human population 
as well as other unknowns. Safety is assessed for acute and chronic 
risks by comparing aggregate exposure to the pesticide to the acute 
population adjusted dose (aPAD) and chronic population adjusted dose 
(cPAD). The aPAD and cPAD are calculated by dividing the LOC by all 
applicable UFs. Short-, intermediate-, and long-term risks are 
evaluated by comparing aggregate exposure to the LOC to ensure that the 
margin of exposure (MOE) called for by the product of all applicable 
UFs is not exceeded.
    For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes that any amount of 
exposure will lead to some degree of risk and estimates risk in terms 
of the probability of occurrence of additional adverse cases. 
Generally, cancer risks are considered non-threshold. For more 
information on the general principles EPA uses in risk characterization 
and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see http://
www.epa.gov/oppfead1/trac/science;http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/
factsheets/riskassess.htm; and http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/trac/
science/aggregate.pdf.
    A summary of the toxicological endpoints for prothioconazole used 
for human risk assessment can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in 
the document ``Prothioconazole: Human Health Risk Assessment for 
Proposed Uses on Soybeans and Sugarbeets'' at page 24 in docket ID 
number EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0178.

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to prothioconazole, EPA considered exposure under the 
petitioned-for tolerances as well as all existing prothioconazole 
tolerances in 40 CFR 180.626. EPA assessed dietary exposures from 
prothioconazole residues in food as follows:
    i. Acute exposure. Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk 
assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a toxicological 
study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring 
as a result of a 1-day or single exposure.
    In estimating acute dietary exposure, EPA used food consumption 
information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1994-1996 
and 1998 Nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals 
(CSFII). As to residue levels in food, EPA relied

[[Page 14717]]

upon average residues and 100% percent crop treated (PCT) information.
    ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting the chronic dietary exposure 
assessment EPA used the food consumption data from the USDA [1994-1996, 
and 1998] CSFII. As to residue levels in food, EPA relied upon 
anticipated residues, and 100% percent crop treated (PCT) information 
for all commodities.
    iii. Cancer. The available toxicology studies in the mouse and rat 
showed no increase in tumor incidence, and therefore the Agency has 
concluded that neither prothioconazole, nor its metabolites are 
carcinogenic. Thus classified, by the Agency, as ``Not Likely to be 
Carcinogenic to Humans'' according to the 2005 Cancer Guidelines. 
Consequently, a quantitative dietary cancer assessment was not 
performed.
    iv. Anticipated residue information. Section 408(b)(2)(E) of FFDCA 
authorizes EPA to use available data and information on the anticipated 
residue levels of pesticide residues in food and the actual levels of 
pesticide residues that have been measured in food. If EPA relies on 
such information, EPA must pursuant to FFDCA section 408(f)(1) require 
that data be provided 5 years after the tolerance is established, 
modified, or left in effect, demonstrating that the levels in food are 
not above the levels anticipated. For the present action, EPA will 
issue such data call-ins as are required by FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(E) 
and authorized under FFDCA section 408(f)(1). Data will be required to 
be submitted no later than 5 years from the date of issuance of this 
tolerance.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. The Agency lacks 
sufficient monitoring data to complete a comprehensive dietary exposure 
analysis and risk assessment for prothioconazole in drinking water. 
Because the Agency does not have comprehensive monitoring data, 
drinking water concentration estimates are made by reliance on 
simulation or modeling taking into account data on the environmental 
fate characteristics of prothioconazole. Further information regarding 
EPA drinking water models used in pesticide exposure assessment can be 
found at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm.
    Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling 
System (PRZM/EXAMS) and Screening Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-
GROW) models, the estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) of 
prothioconazole for acute exposures are estimated to be 29 parts per 
billion (ppb) for surface water and 0.67 ppb for ground water. The 
EDWCs for chronic exposures are estimated to be 13 ppb for surface 
water and 0.67 ppb for ground water.
    Modeled estimates of drinking water concentrations were directly 
entered into the dietary exposure model. For acute dietary risk 
assessment, the water concentration value of 29 ppb was used to assess 
the contribution from drinking water. For chronic dietary risk 
assessment, the water concentration of value 13 ppb was used to assess 
the contribution from drinking water. EPA used the EDWCs from surface 
water only in assessing the risk from prothioconazole because the EDWCs 
from groundwater are minimal in comparison to surface water.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, 
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets).
    Prothioconazole is not registered for use on any sites that would 
result in residential exposure.
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    Prothioconazole is a member of the triazole-containing class of 
pesticides. Although conazoles act similarly in plants (fungi) by 
inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, there is not necessarily a 
relationship between their pesticidal activity and their mechanism of 
toxicity in mammals. Structural similarities do not constitute a common 
mechanism of toxicity. Evidence is needed to establish that the 
chemicals operate by the same, or essentially the same, sequence of 
major biochemical events (EPA, 2002). In conazoles, however, a variable 
pattern of toxicological responses is found. Some are hepatotoxic and 
hepatocarcinogenic in mice. Some induce thyroid tumors in rats. Some 
induce developmental, reproductive, and neurological effects in 
rodents. Furthermore, the conazoles produce a diverse range of 
biochemical events including altered cholesterol levels, stress 
responses, and altered DNA methylation. It is not clearly understood 
whether these biochemical events are directly connected to their 
toxicological outcomes. Thus, there is currently no evidence to 
indicate that conazoles share common mechanisms of toxicity and EPA is 
not following a cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of 
toxicity for the conazoles. For information regarding EPA's procedures 
for cumulating effects from substances found to have a common mechanism 
of toxicity, see EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/
cumulative.
    Prothioconazole is a triazole-derived pesticide. This class of 
compounds can form the common metabolite, 1,2,4-triazole and two 
triazole conjugates (triazolylalanine and triazolylacetic acid). To 
support existing tolerances and to establish new tolerances for 
triazole-derivative pesticides, including prothioconazole, U.S. EPA 
conducted a human health risk assessment for exposure to 1,2,4-
triazole, triazolylalanine, and triazolylacetic acid resulting from the 
use of all current and pending uses of any triazole-derived fungicide. 
The risk assessment is a highly conservative, screening-level 
evaluation in terms of hazards associated with common metabolites 
(e.g., use of a maximum combination of uncertainty factors) and 
potential dietary and non-dietary exposures (i.e., high end estimates 
of both dietary and non-dietary exposures). In addition, the Agency 
retained the additional 10X FQPA safety factor for the protection of 
infants and children. The assessment includes evaluations of risks for 
various subgroups, including those comprised of infants and children. 
The Agency's complete risk assessment is found in the propiconazole 
reregistration docket at http://www.regulations.gov, Docket 
Identification (ID) Number EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0497.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1. In general. Section 408 of FFDCA provides that EPA shall apply 
an additional (``10X'') tenfold margin of safety for infants and 
children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal and 
postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity and 
exposure unless EPA determines, based on reliable data, that a 
different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This 
additional margin of safety is commonly referred to as the FQPA safety 
factor. In applying this provision, EPA either retains the default 
value of 10X when reliable data do not support the choice of a 
different factor, or, if reliable data are available, EPA uses a 
different additional FQPA safety factor value based on the use of 
traditional UFs and/or special FQPA safety factors, as appropriate.

[[Page 14718]]

    2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. Available evidence from rat 
developmental toxicity studies with prothioconazole (oral) and its 
desthio (oral and dermal) and sulfonic acid K salt (oral) metabolites, 
rabbit developmental with desthio metabolite (oral), and rat 
developmental neurotoxicity with desthio metabolite (oral), as well as 
a multi-generation reproduction study with the desthio metabolite, 
indicates that there is concern for prenatal toxicity. Effects include 
skeletal structural abnormalities, such as cleft palate, deviated 
snout, malocclusion, and extra ribs; developmental delays; other 
effects include changes in brain morphometry, peripheral nerve lesions, 
and death.
    Available data also show that the skeletal effects such as extra 
ribs are not completely reversible after birth in the rat, but persist 
as development continues. Data from the developmental neurotoxicity 
study also show that brain morphometry is abnormal postnatally, and 
there is an increased incidence of lesions of the peripheral nerves 
postnatally.
    3. Conclusion. The toxicity database for prothioconazole (and its 
metabolites) is adequate for endpoint selection for exposure risk 
assessment scenarios and for FQPA evaluation, with the exception of the 
lack of data on brain morphometry at the lower and mid doses from the 
developmental neurotoxicity study. Data on brain morphometry at these 
doses have now been submitted and is currently in review.
    Effects are seen in the 2-generation reproduction studies in rats; 
developmental studies in rats and rabbits; and a developmental 
neurotoxicity study in rats which suggest that pups are more 
susceptible: Pup effects were seen at levels below the LOAELs for 
maternal toxicity and, in general, were of comparable or greater 
severity compared to the effects observed in adults. Additionally, 
there is uncertainty concerning the LOAEL/NOAEL for developmental 
effects seen in the developmental neurotoxicity study in rats (abnormal 
brain morphometry at high dose) due to a lack of information on brain 
morphometry at lower doses. Given that both quantitative and 
qualitative sensitivity was observed in pups in several studies and in 
more than one species and in at least one of these studies there is 
uncertainty concerning identification of the LOAEL/NOAEL for 
developmental effects, the additional 10X factor for the protection of 
infants and children is being retained.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    Safety is assessed for acute and chronic risks by comparing 
aggregate exposure to the pesticide to the aPAD and cPAD. The aPAD and 
cPAD are calculated by dividing the LOC by all applicable UFs. For 
linear cancer risks, EPA calculates the probability of additional 
cancer cases given aggregate exposure. Short-, intermediate-, and long-
term risks are evaluated by comparing aggregate exposure to the LOC to 
ensure that the MOE called for by the product of all applicable UFs is 
not exceeded.
    1. Acute risk. Using the exposure assumptions discussed in this 
unit for acute exposure, the acute dietary exposure from food and water 
to prothioconazole will occupy 76% of the aPAD for the population group 
(females 13 years and older).
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that exposure to 
prothioconazole from food and water will utilize 94% of the cPAD for 
the population group (infants less than 1 year old). There are no 
residential uses for prothioconazole that result in chronic residential 
exposure to prothioconazole.
    3. Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into 
account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water 
(considered to be a background exposure level).
    Prothioconazole is not registered for use on any sites that would 
result in residential exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the 
sum of the risk from food and water, which do not exceed the Agency's 
level of concern.
    4. Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure 
takes into account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food 
and water (considered to be a background exposure level).
    Prothioconazole is not registered for use on any sites that would 
result in residential exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the 
sum of the risk from food and water, which do not exceed the Agency's 
level of concern.
    5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. The available studies 
in the mouse and rat show no increase in tumor incidence, therefore the 
Agency has concluded that neither prothioconazole nor its metabolites 
are carcinogenic, and are classified ``Not likely to be Carcinogenic to 
Humans'' according to the 2005 Cancer Guidelines. Therefore, 
prothioconazole is not expected to pose a cancer risk.
    6. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to prothioconazole residues.

IV. Other Considerations

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    Adequate enforcement methodology are available to enforce the 
tolerance expression, consisting of liquid chromatography/tandem mass 
spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for both plant and livestock commodities, using 
tandem mass spectrometry electrospray ionization in both the positive 
and negative modes. Both methods (LC/MS/MS Method RPA JA/03/01 for 
plants and LC/MS/MS Method Bayer Report No. 200537 for animals) have 
successfully passed tolerance method validation at ACB/BEAD. The method 
may be requested from: Chief, Analytical Chemistry Branch, 
Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350; 
telephone number: (410) 305-2905; e-mail address: 
residuemethods@epa.gov.

B. International Residue Limits

    There are no maximum residue limits (MRLs) (tolerances) established 
for prothioconazole in Codex or in Mexico.

V. Conclusion

    Therefore, tolerances are established for combined residues of 
prothioconazole, 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-
hydroxypropyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, and 
prothioconazole-desthio, [alpha]-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-[alpha]-[(2-
chlorophenyl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, calculated as parent, 
in or on the following commodities: soybean, forage at 4.5 ppm; 
soybean, seed at 0.15 ppm; soybean, hay at 17 ppm; sugar beet, roots at 
0.25 ppm. A tolerance is not needed for sugar beet tops because it is 
not a human food commodity.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This final rule establishes a tolerance under section 408(d) of 
FFDCA in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and 
Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this rule has been 
exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this rule is not 
subject to Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, 
May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045,

[[Page 14719]]

entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and 
Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This final rule does not 
contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the 
Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it 
require any special considerations under Executive Order 12898, 
entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority 
Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis 
of a petition under section 408(d) of FFDCA, such as the tolerance in 
this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.) do not apply.
    This final rule directly regulates growers, food processors, food 
handlers, and food retailers, not States or tribes, nor does this 
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of section 408(n)(4) of FFDCA. As such, the Agency has determined that 
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or 
tribal governments, on the relationship between the national government 
and the States or tribal governments, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between 
the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Thus, the Agency has 
determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 
43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled 
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 
67249, November 6, 2000) do not apply to this rule. In addition, This 
rule does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded 
mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 104-4).
    This action does not involve any technical standards that would 
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant 
to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 
note).

VII. Congressional Review Act

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to 
the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will submit a report 
containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, 
the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the 
United States prior to publication of this final rule in the Federal 
Register. This final rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 
U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: March 10, 2008.
Lois Rossi,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.

0
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.

0
2. Section 180.626 is amended by adding alphabetically entries to the 
table in paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  180.626  Prothioconazole; tolerances for residues.

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Parts per
                        Commodity                             million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                * * * * *
Beet, sugar, roots......................................            0.25
                                * * * * *
Soybean, forage.........................................             4.5
Soybean, hay............................................              17
Soybean, seed...........................................            0.15
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

[FR Doc. E8-5290 Filed 3-18-08; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-S