Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2002-0033-0121
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-04-14T04:00Z

EPA/
600/
P­
95/
002Fa
August
1997
VOLUME
I
­
GENERAL
FACTORS
EXPOSURE
FACTORS
HANDBOOK
Update
to
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
EPA/
600/
8­
89/
043
­
May
1989
Office
of
Research
and
Development
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Washington,
DC
20460
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
ii
August
1997
DISCLAIMER
This
document
has
been
reviewed
in
accordance
with
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
policy
and
approved
for
publication.
Mention
of
trade
names
or
commercial
products
does
not
constitute
endorsement
or
recommendation
for
use.
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
iii
CONTENTS
Page
No.

VOLUME
I
1.
INTRODUCTION
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1­
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1.1.
PURPOSE
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1­
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1.2.
INTENDED
AUDIENCE
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1­
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1.3.
BACKGROUND
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1­
1
1.3.1.
Selection
of
Studies
for
the
Handbook
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1­
1
1.3.2.
Using
the
Handbook
in
an
Exposure
Assessment
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1­
3
1.3.3.
Approach
Used
to
Develop
Recommendations
for
Exposure
Factors
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1­
4
1.3.4.
Characterizing
Variability
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1­
5
1.4.
GENERAL
EQUATION
FOR
CALCULATING
DOSE
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1­
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1.5.
RESEARCH
NEEDS
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1­
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1.6.
ORGANIZATION
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1­
15
1.7.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
1
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1­
16
APPENDIX
1A
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1A­
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2.
VARIABILITY
AND
UNCERTAINTY
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2.1.
VARIABILITY
VERSUS
UNCERTAINTY
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2.2.
TYPES
OF
VARIABILITY
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2­
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2.3.
CONFRONTING
VARIABILITY
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2­
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2.4.
CONCERN
ABOUT
UNCERTAINTY
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2­
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2.5.
TYPES
OF
UNCERTAINTY
AND
REDUCING
UNCERTAINTY
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2­
4
2.6.
ANALYZING
VARIABILITY
AND
UNCERTAINTY
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2­
4
2.7.
PRESENTING
RESULTS
OF
VARIABILITY
AND
UNCERTAINTY
ANALYSIS
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2­
6
2.8.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
2
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2­
7
3.
DRINKING
WATER
INTAKE
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3­
1
3.1.
BACKGROUND
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3­
1
3.2.
KEY
GENERAL
POPULATION
STUDIES
ON
DRINKING
WATER
INTAKE
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3­
1
3.3.
RELEVANT
GENERAL
POPULATION
STUDIES
ON
DRINKING
WATER
INTAKE
.
.
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3­
9
3.4.
PREGNANT
AND
LACTATING
WOMEN
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3­
17
3.5.
HIGH
ACTIVITY
LEVELS/
HOT
CLIMATES
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3­
20
3.6.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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3­
23
3.7.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
3
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3­
30
4.
SOIL
INGESTION
AND
PICA
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4­
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4.1.
BACKGROUND
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4­
1
4.2.
KEY
STUDIES
ON
SOIL
INTAKE
AMONG
CHILDREN
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4­
1
4.3.
RELEVANT
STUDIES
ON
SOIL
INTAKE
AMONG
CHILDREN
.
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4­
11
4.4.
SOIL
INTAKE
AMONG
ADULTS
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4­
16
4.5.
PREVALENCE
OF
PICA
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4­
17
4.6.
DELIBERATE
SOIL
INGESTION
AMONG
CHILDREN
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4­
18
4.7.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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4­
20
4.8.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
4
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4­
25
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
iv
August
1997
CONTENTS
(
continued)

Page
No.

5.
INHALATION
ROUTE
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5­
1
5.1.
EXPOSURE
EQUATION
FOR
INHALATION
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5­
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5.2.
INHALATION
RATE
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5­
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5.2.1.
Background
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5­
1
5.2.2.
Key
Inhalation
Rate
Studies
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5­
3
5.2.3.
Relevant
Inhalation
Rate
Studies
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5­
16
5.2.4.
Recommendations
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.
5­
22
5.3.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
5
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5­
27
APPENDIX
5A
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5A­
1
6.
DERMAL
ROUTE
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6­
1
6.1.
EQUATION
FOR
DERMAL
DOSE
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6­
1
6.2.
SURFACE
AREA
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6­
2
6.2.1.
Background
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6­
2
6.2.2.
Measurement
Techniques
.
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6­
2
6.2.3.
Key
Body
Surface
Area
Studies
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.
6­
2
6.2.4.
Relevant
Surface
Area
Studies
.
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.
6­
4
6.2.5.
Application
of
Body
Surface
Area
Data
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.
6­
4
6.3.
SOIL
ADHERENCE
TO
SKIN
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.
6­
6
6.3.1.
Background
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6­
6
6.3.2.
Key
Soil
Adherence
to
Skin
Studies
.
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6­
6
6.3.3.
Relevant
Soil
Adherence
to
Skin
Studies
.
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.
6­
6
6.4.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
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6­
8
6.4.1.
Body
Surface
Area
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.
6­
8
6.4.2.
Soil
Adherence
to
Skin
.
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6­
8
6.5.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
6
.
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.
6­
10
APPENDIX
6A
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.
6A­
1
7.
BODY
WEIGHT
STUDIES
.
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.
7­
1
7.1.
KEY
BODY
WEIGHT
STUDY
.
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.
.
7­
1
7.2.
RELEVANT
BODY
WEIGHT
STUDIES
.
.
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.
7­
4
7.3.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
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.
7­
10
7.4.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
7
.
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.
7­
11
8.
LIFETIME
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.
8­
1
8.1.
KEY
STUDY
ON
LIFETIME
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.
8­
1
8.2.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
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.
.
8­
1
8.3.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
8
.
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.
8­
1
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
ix
LIST
OF
TABLES
Page
No.

VOLUME
I
Table
1­
1.
Considerations
Used
to
Rate
Confidence
in
Recommended
Values
.
.
.
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.
.
1­
6
Table
1­
2.
Summary
of
Exposure
Factor
Recommendations
and
Confidence
Ratings
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
1­
7
Table
1­
3.
Characterization
of
Variability
in
Exposure
Factors
.
.
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.
.
1­
10
Table
1A­
1.
Procedures
for
Modifying
IRIS
Risk
Values
for
Non­
standard
Populations
.
.
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.
.
1A­
4
Table
2­
1.
Four
Strategies
for
Confronting
Variability
.
.
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.
2­
3
Table
2­
2.
Three
Types
of
Uncertainty
and
Associated
Sources
and
Examples
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
2­
5
Table
2­
3.
Approaches
to
Quantitative
Analysis
of
Uncertainty
.
.
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.
.
2­
6
Table
3­
1.
Daily
Total
Tapwater
Intake
Distribution
for
Canadians,
by
Age
Group
(
approx.
0.20
L
increments,
both
sexes,
combined
seasons)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
3­
2
Table
3­
2.
Average
Daily
Tapwater
Intake
of
Canadians
(
expressed
as
milliliters
per
kilogram
body
weight)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
3
Table
3­
3.
Average
Daily
Total
Tapwater
Intake
of
Canadians,
by
Age
and
Season
(
L/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
3
Table
3­
4.
Average
Daily
Total
Tapwater
Intake
of
Canadians
as
a
Function
of
Level
of
Physical
Activity
at
Work
and
in
Spare
Time
(
16
years
and
older,
combined
seasons,
L/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
3
Table
3­
5.
Average
Daily
Tapwater
Intake
by
Canadians,
Apportioned
Among
Various
Beverages
(
both
sexes,
by
age,
combined
seasons,
L/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
4
Table
3­
6.
Total
Tapwater
Intake
(
mL/
day)
for
Both
Sexes
Combined
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
5
Table
3­
7.
Total
Tapwater
Intake
(
mL/
kg­
day)
for
Both
Sexes
Combined
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
6
Table
3­
8.
Summary
of
Tapwater
Intake
by
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
7
Table
3­
9.
Total
Tapwater
Intake
(
as
percent
of
total
water
intake)
by
Broad
Age
Category
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
7
Table
3­
10.
General
Dietary
Sources
of
Tapwater
for
Both
Sexes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
8
Table
3­
11.
Summary
Statistics
for
Best­
Fit
Lognormal
Distributions
for
Water
Intake
Rates
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
9
Table
3­
12.
Estimated
Quantiles
and
Means
for
Total
Tapwater
Intake
Rates
(
mL/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
10
Table
3­
13.
Assumed
Tapwater
Content
of
Beverages
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
10
Table
3­
14.
Intake
of
Total
Liquid,
Total
Tapwater,
and
Various
Beverages
(
L/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
11
Table
3­
15.
Summary
of
Total
Liquid
and
Total
Tapwater
Intake
for
Males
and
Females
(
L/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
12
Table
3­
16.
Measured
Fluid
Intakes
(
mL/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
13
Table
3­
17.
Intake
Rates
of
Total
Fluids
and
Total
Tapwater
by
Age
Group
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
14
Table
3­
18.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Daily
Intake
of
Beverages
and
Tapwater
by
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
14
Table
3­
19.
Average
Total
Tapwater
Intake
Rate
by
Sex,
Age,
and
Geographic
Area
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
15
Table
3­
20.
Frequency
Distribution
of
Total
Tapwater
Intake
Rates
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
15
Table
3­
21.
Mean
Per
Capita
Drinking
Water
Intake
Based
on
USDA,
CSFII
Data
From
1989­
91
(
mL/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
16
Table
3­
22.
Number
of
Respondents
that
Consumed
Tapwater
at
a
Specified
Daily
Frequency
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
18
Table
3­
23.
Number
of
Respondents
that
Consumed
Juice
Reconstituted
with
Tapwater
at
a
Specified
Daily
Frequency
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
19
Table
3­
24.
Total
Fluid
Intake
of
Women
15­
49
Years
Old
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
20
Table
3­
25.
Total
Tapwater
Intake
of
Women
15­
49
Years
Old
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
21
Table
3­
26.
Total
Fluid
(
mL/
Day)
Derived
from
Various
Dietary
Sources
by
Women
Aged
15­
49
Years
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
21
Table
3­
27.
Water
Intake
at
Various
Activity
Levels
(
L/
hr)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
22
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
x
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
3­
28.
Planning
Factors
for
Individual
Tapwater
Consumption
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
23
Table
3­
29.
Drinking
Water
Intake
Surveys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
24
Table
3­
30.
Summary
of
Recommended
Drinking
Water
Intake
Rates
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
26
Table
3­
31.
Total
Tapwater
Consumption
Rates
From
Key
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
26
Table
3­
32.
Daily
Tapwater
Intake
Rates
From
Relevant
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
26
Table
3­
33.
Key
Study
Tapwater
Intake
Rates
for
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
27
Table
3­
34.
Summary
of
Intake
Rates
for
Children
in
Relevant
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
27
Table
3­
35.
Confidence
in
Tapwater
Intake
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3­
29
Table
4­
1.
Estimated
Daily
Soil
Ingestion
Based
on
Aluminum,
Silicon,
and
Titanium
Concentrations
.
.
.
4­
2
Table
4­
2.
Calculated
Soil
Ingestion
by
Nursery
School
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
3
Table
4­
3.
Calculated
Soil
Ingestion
by
Hospitalized,
Bedridden
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
3
Table
4­
4.
Mean
and
Standard
Deviation
Percentage
Recovery
of
Eight
Tracer
Elements
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
5
Table
4­
5.
Soil
and
Dust
Ingestion
Estimates
for
Children
Aged
1­
4
Years
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
5
Table
4­
6.
Average
Daily
Soil
Ingestion
Values
Based
on
Aluminum,
Silicon,
and
Titanium
as
Tracer
Elements
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
6
Table
4­
7.
Geometric
Mean
(
GM)
and
Standard
Deviation
(
GSD)
LTM
Values
for
Children
at
Daycare
Centers
and
Campgrounds
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
7
Table
4­
8.
Estimated
Geometric
Mean
LTM
Values
of
Children
Attending
Daycare
Centers
According
to
Age,
Weather
Category,
and
Sampling
Period
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
8
Table
4­
9.
Distribution
of
Average
(
Mean)
Daily
Soil
Ingestion
Estimates
Per
Child
for
64
Children
(
mg/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
9
Table
4­
10.
Estimated
Distribution
of
Individual
Mean
Daily
Soil
Ingestion
Based
on
Data
for
64
Subjects
Projected
Over
365
Days
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
10
Table
4­
11.
Estimates
of
Soil
Ingestion
for
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
12
Table
4­
12.
Estimated
Soil
Ingestion
Rate
Summary
Statistics
and
Parameters
for
Distributions
Using
Binder
et
al.
(
1986)
Data
with
Actual
Fecal
Weights
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
13
Table
4­
13.
Tukey's
Multiple
Comparison
of
Mean
Log
Tracer
Recovery
in
Adults
Ingesting
Known
Quantities
of
Soil
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
14
Table
4­
14.
Positive/
Negative
Error
(
bias)
in
Soil
Ingestion
Estimates
in
the
Calabrese
et
al.
(
1989)
Mass­
balance
Study:
Effect
on
Mean
Soil
Ingestion
Estimate
(
mg/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
15
Table
4­
15.
Soil
Ingestion
Rates
for
Assessment
Purposes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
16
Table
4­
16.
Estimates
of
Soil
Ingestion
for
Adults
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
17
Table
4­
17.
Adult
Daily
Soil
Ingestion
by
Week
and
Tracer
Element
After
Subtracting
Food
and
Capsule
Ingestion,
Based
on
Median
Amherst
Soil
Concentrations:
Means
and
Medians
Over
Subjects
(
mg)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
18
Table
4­
18.
Daily
Soil
Ingestion
Estimation
in
a
Soil­
Pica
Child
by
Tracer
and
by
Week
(
mg/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
19
Table
4­
19.
Ratios
of
Soil,
Dust,
and
Residual
Fecal
Samples
in
the
Pica
Child
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
19
Table
4­
20.
Soil
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
22
Table
4­
21.
Confidence
in
Soil
Intake
Recommendation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
24
Table
4­
22.
Summary
of
Estimates
of
Soil
Ingestion
By
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
25
Table
4­
23.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Soil
Ingestion
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4­
25
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xi
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
5­
1.
Calibration
and
Field
Protocols
for
Self­
Monitoring
of
Activities
Grouped
by
Subject
Panels
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
4
Table
5­
2.
Subject
Panel
Inhalation
Rates
by
Mean
VR,
Upper
Percentiles,
and
Self­
Estimated
Breathing
Rates
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
5
Table
5­
3.
Distribution
of
Predicted
IR
by
Location
and
Activity
Levels
for
Elementary
and
High
School
Students
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
6
Table
5­
4.
Average
Hours
Spent
Per
Day
in
a
Given
Location
and
Activity
Level
for
Elementary
(
EL)
and
High
School
(
HS)
Students
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
6
Table
5­
5.
Distribution
Patterns
of
Daily
Inhalation
Rates
for
Elementary
(
EL)
and
High
School
(
HS)
Students
Grouped
by
Activity
Level
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
7
Table
5­
6.
Summary
of
Average
Inhalation
Rates
(
m
/
hr)
by
Age
Group
and
Activity
Levels
3
for
Laboratory
Protocols
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
8
Table
5­
7.
Summary
of
Average
Inhalation
Rates
(
m
/
hr)
by
Age
Group
and
Activity
Levels
3
in
Field
Protocols
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
9
Table
5­
8.
Distributions
of
Individual
and
Group
Inhalation/
Ventilation
Rate
for
Outdoor
Workers
.
.
.
.
5­
10
Table
5­
9.
Individual
Mean
Inhalation
Rate
(
m
/
hr)
by
Self­
Estimated
Breathing
Rate
or
Job
Activity
3
Category
for
Outdoor
Workers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
10
Table
5­
10.
Comparisons
of
Estimated
Basal
Metabolic
Rates
(
BMR)
with
Average
Food­
Energy
Intakes
for
Individuals
Sampled
in
the
1977­
78
NFCS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
12
Table
5­
11.
Daily
Inhalation
Rates
Calculated
from
Food­
Energy
Intakes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
13
Table
5­
12.
Daily
Inhalation
Rates
Obtained
from
the
Ratios
of
Total
Energy
Expenditure
to
Basal
Metabolic
Rate
(
BMR)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
14
Table
5­
13.
Daily
Inhalation
Rates
Based
on
Time­
Activity
Survey
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
15
Table
5­
14.
Inhalation
Rates
for
Short­
Term
Exposures
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
16
Table
5­
15.
Daily
Inhalation
Rates
Estimated
From
Daily
Activities
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
17
Table
5­
16.
Summary
of
Human
Inhalation
Rates
for
Men,
Women,
and
Children
by
Activity
Level
(
m
/
hour)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
18
3
Table
5­
17.
Activity
Pattern
Data
Aggregated
for
Three
Microenvironments
by
Activity
Level
for
all
Age
Groups
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
18
Table
5­
18.
Summary
of
Daily
Inhalation
Rates
Grouped
by
Age
and
Activity
Level
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
18
Table
5­
19.
Distribution
Pattern
of
Predicted
VR
and
EVR
(
equivalent
ventilation
rate)
for
20
Outdoor
Workers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
20
Table
5­
20.
Distribution
Pattern
of
Inhalation
Rate
by
Location
and
Activity
Type
for
20
Outdoor
Workers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
21
Table
5­
21.
Actual
Inhalation
Rates
Measured
at
Four
Ventilation
Levels
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
22
Table
5­
22.
Confidence
in
Inhalation
Rate
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
23
Table
5­
23.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Inhalation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
24
Table
5­
24.
Summary
of
Inhalation
Rate
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
25
Table
5­
25.
Summary
of
Adult
Inhalation
Rates
for
Short­
Term
Exposure
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
26
Table
5­
26.
Summary
of
Children's
(
18
years
old
or
less)
Inhalation
Rates
for
Long­
Term
Exposure
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
26
Table
5­
27.
Summary
of
Children's
Inhalation
Rates
for
Short­
Term
Exposure
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5­
26
Table
5A­
1.
Mean
Minute
Ventilation
(
V
,
L/
min)
by
Group
and
Activity
for
Laboratory
Protocols
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
3
E
Table
5A­
2.
Mean
Minute
Ventilation
(
V
,
L/
min)
by
Group
and
Activity
for
Field
Protocols
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
3
E
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xii
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
5A­
3.
Characteristics
of
Individual
Subjects:
Anthropometric
Data,
Job
Categories,
Calibration
Results
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
4
Table
5A­
4.
Statistics
of
the
Age/
Gender
Cohorts
Used
to
Develop
Regression
Equations
for
Predicting
Basal
Metabolic
Rates
(
BMR)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
4
Table
5A­
5.
Selected
Ventilation
Values
During
Different
Activity
Levels
Obtained
From
Various
Literature
Sources
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
5
Table
5A­
6.
Estimated
Minute
Ventilation
Associated
with
Activity
Level
for
Average
Male
Adult
.
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
6
Table
5A­
7.
Minute
Ventilation
Ranges
by
Age,
Sex,
and
Activity
Level
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5A­
7
Table
6­
1.
Summary
of
Equation
Parameters
for
Calculating
Adult
Body
Surface
Area
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
12
Table
6­
2.
Surface
Area
of
Adult
Males
in
Square
Meters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
13
Table
6­
3.
Surface
Area
of
Adult
Females
in
Square
Meters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
13
Table
6­
4.
Surface
Area
of
Body
Part
for
Adults
(
m
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
14
2
Table
6­
5.
Percentage
of
Total
Body
Surface
Area
by
Part
for
Adults
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
14
Table
6­
6.
Total
Body
Surface
Area
of
Male
Children
in
Square
Meters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
15
Table
6­
7.
Total
Body
Surface
Area
of
Female
Children
in
Square
Meters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
15
Table
6­
8.
Percentage
of
Total
Body
Surface
Area
by
Body
Part
for
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
16
Table
6­
9.
Descriptive
Statistics
for
Surface
Area/
BodyWeight
(
SA/
WB)
Ratios
(
m
/
kg)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
17
2
Table
6­
10.
Statistical
Results
for
Total
Body
Surface
Area
Distributions
(
m
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
17
2
Table
6­
11.
Summary
of
Field
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
20
Table
6­
12.
Geometric
Mean
and
Geometric
Standard
Deviations
of
Soil
Adherence
by
Activity
and
Body
Region
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
22
Table
6­
13.
Summary
of
Surface
Area
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
24
Table
6­
14.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Skin
Surface
Area
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
25
Table
6­
15.
Confidence
in
Body
Surface
Area
Measurement
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
25
Table
6­
16.
Recommendations
for
Adult
Body
Surface
Area
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
26
Table
6­
17.
Summary
of
Soil
Adherence
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
26
Table
6­
18.
Confidence
in
Soil
Adherence
to
Skin
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
27
Table
6­
A1.
Estimated
Parameter
Values
for
Different
Age
Intervals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
A5
Table
6­
A2.
Summary
of
Surface
Area
Parameter
Values
for
the
DuBois
and
DuBois
Model
.
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.
.
6­
A6
Table
7­
1.
Smoothed
Percentiles
of
Weight
(
in
kg)
by
Sex
and
Age:
Statistics
from
NCHS
and
Data
from
Fels
Research
Institute,
Birth
to
36
Months
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
7­
1
Table
7­
2.
Body
Weights
of
Adults
(
kilograms)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
7­
4
Table
7­
3.
Body
Weights
of
Children
(
kilograms)
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
4
Table
7­
4.
Weight
in
Kilograms
for
Males
18­
74
Years
of
Age­­
Number
Examined,
Mean,
Standard
Deviation,
and
Selected
Percentiles,
by
Race
and
Age:
United
States,
1976­
1980
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
5
Table
7­
5.
Weight
in
Kilograms
for
Females
18­
74
Years
of
Age­­
Number
Examined,
Mean,
Standard
Deviation,
and
Selected
Percentiles,
by
Race
and
Age:
United
States,
1976­
1980
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
6
Table
7­
6.
Weight
in
Kilograms
for
Males
6
Months­
19
Years
of
Age­­
Number
Examined,
Mean,
Standard
Deviation,
and
Selected
Percentiles,
by
Sex
and
Age:
United
States,
1976­
1980
.
.
.
7­
7
Table
7­
7.
Weight
in
Kilograms
for
Females
6
Months­
19
Years
of
Age­­
Number
Examined,
Mean,
Standard
Deviation,
and
Selected
Percentiles,
by
Sex
and
Age:
United
States,
1976­
1980
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
8
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xiii
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
7­
8.
Statistics
for
Probability
Plot
Regression
Analyses
Female's
Body
Weights
6
Months
to
20
Years
of
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
7­
9
Table
7­
9.
Statistics
for
Probability
Plot
Regression
Analyses
Male's
Body
Weights
6
Months
to
20
Years
of
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
7­
10
Table
7­
10.
Summary
of
Body
Weight
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
7­
11
Table
7­
11.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Body
Weight
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
11
Table
7­
12.
Confidence
in
Body
Weight
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
12
Table
8­
1.
Expectation
of
Life
at
Birth,
1970
to
1993,
and
Projections,
1995
to
2010
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8­
2
Table
8­
2.
Expectation
of
Life
by
Race,
Sex,
and
Age:
1992
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
8­
3
Table
8­
3.
Confidence
in
Lifetime
Expectancy
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
8­
5
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxxi
LIST
OF
FIGURES
Page
No.

VOLUME
I
Figure
1­
1.
Schematic
of
Dose
and
Exposure:
Oral
Route
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
1­
13
Figure
1­
2.
Road
Map
to
Exposure
Factor
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
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.
.
1­
17
Figure
6­
1.
Schematic
of
Dose
and
Exposure:
Dermal
Route
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
6­
12
Figure
6­
2.
SA/
BW
Distributions
for
Infants,
Adults,
and
All
Ages
Combined
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
18
Figure
6­
3.
Surface
Area
Frequency
Distribution:
Men
and
Women
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
6­
19
Figure
7­
1.
Weight
by
Age
Percentiles
for
Boys
Aged
Birth­
36
Months
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7­
2
Figure
7­
2.
Weight
by
Age
Percentiles
for
Girls
Aged
Birth­
36
Months
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
7­
3
EPA/
600/
P­
95/
002Fa
August
1997
VOLUME
II
­
FOOD
INGESTION
FACTORS
EXPOSURE
FACTORS
HANDBOOK
Update
to
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
EPA/
600/
8­
89/
043
­
May
1989
Office
of
Research
and
Development
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Washington,
DC
20460
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
ii
August
1997
DISCLAIMER
This
document
has
been
reviewed
in
accordance
with
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
policy
and
approved
for
publication.
Mention
of
trade
names
or
commercial
products
does
not
constitute
endorsement
or
recommendation
for
use.
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
v
CONTENTS
(
continued)

Page
No.

VOLUME
II
9.
INTAKE
OF
FRUITS
AND
VEGETABLES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
9­
1
9.1.
BACKGROUND
.
.
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.
.
.
.
9­
1
9.2.
INTAKE
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
2
9.2.1.
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
Nationwide
Food
Consumption
Survey
and
Continuing
Survey
of
Food
Intake
by
Individuals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
2
9.2.2.
Key
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Intake
Study
Based
on
the
USDA
CSFII
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
2
9.2.3.
Relevant
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
4
9.2.4.
Relevant
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Serving
Size
Study
Based
on
the
USDA
NFCS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
6
9.2.5.
Conversion
Between
As
Consumed
and
Dry
Weight
Intake
Rates
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
7
9.3.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
7
9.4.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
9
.
.
.
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.
.
9­
8
APPENDIX
9A
.
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.
.
9A­
1
APPENDIX
9B
.
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.
.
9B­
1
10.
INTAKE
OF
FISH
AND
SHELLFISH
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
10­
1
10.1.
BACKGROUND
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
10­
1
10.2.
KEY
GENERAL
POPULATION
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
2
10.3.
RELEVANT
GENERAL
POPULATION
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
6
10.4.
KEY
RECREATIONAL
(
MARINE
FISH
STUDIES)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
8
10.5.
RELEVANT
RECREATIONAL
MARINE
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
10
10.6.
KEY
FRESHWATER
RECREATIONAL
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
12
10.7.
RELEVANT
FRESHWATER
RECREATIONAL
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
18
10.8.
NATIVE
AMERICAN
FRESHWATER
STUDIES
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
20
10.9.
OTHER
FACTORS
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
24
10.10.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
25
10.10.1.
Recommendations
­
General
Population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
25
10.10.2.
Recommendations
­
Recreational
Marine
Anglers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
26
10.10.3.
Recommendations
­
Recreational
Freshwater
Anglers
.
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10­
26
10.10.4.
Recommendations
­
Native
American
Subsistence
Populations
.
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.
10­
26
10.11.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
10
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10­
27
APPENDIX
10A
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10A­
1
APPENDIX
10B
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.
10B­
1
APPENDIX
10C
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10C­
1
11.
INTAKE
OF
MEAT
AND
DAIRY
PRODUCTS
.
.
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11­
1
11.1.
INTAKE
STUDIES
.
.
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.
11­
1
11.1.1.
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
Nationwide
Food
Consumption
Survey
and
Continuing
Survey
of
Food
Intake
by
Individuals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
11­
1
11.1.2.
Key
Meat
and
Dairy
Products
Intake
Study
Based
on
the
CSFII
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
11­
2
11.1.3.
Relevant
Meat
and
Dairy
Products
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
11­
3
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
vi
August
1997
CONTENTS
(
continued)

Page
No.

11.2.
FAT
CONTENT
OF
MEAT
AND
DAIRY
PRODUCTS
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
11­
6
11.3.
CONVERSION
BETWEEN
AS
CONSUMED
AND
DRY
WEIGHT
INTAKE
RATES
.
.
.
.
.
11­
7
11.4.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
11­
7
11.5.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
11
.
.
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.
11­
7
APPENDIX
11A
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11A­
1
12.
INTAKE
OF
GRAIN
PRODUCTS
.
.
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.
12­
1
12.1.
INTAKE
STUDIES
.
.
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.
.
12­
1
12.1.1.
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
Nationwide
Food
Consumption
Survey
and
Continuing
Survey
of
Food
Intake
by
Individuals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
12­
1
12.1.2.
Key
Grain
Products
Intake
Studies
Based
on
the
CSFII
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
12­
2
12.1.3.
Relevant
Grain
Products
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
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.
.
12­
2
12.1.4.
Key
Grain
Products
Serving
Size
Study
Based
on
the
USDA
NFCS
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
4
12.2.
CONVERSION
BETWEEN
AS
CONSUMED
AND
DRY
WEIGHT
INTAKE
RATES
.
.
.
.
.
12­
4
12.3.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
12­
5
12.4.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
12
.
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.
12­
5
APPENDIX
12A
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12A­
1
13.
INTAKE
RATES
FOR
VARIOUS
HOME
PRODUCED
FOOD
ITEMS
.
.
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.
13­
1
13.1.
BACKGROUND
.
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.
13­
1
13.2.
METHODS
.
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13­
2
13.3.
RESULTS
.
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13­
7
13.4.
ADVANTAGES
AND
LIMITATIONS
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.
13­
9
13.5.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
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.
13­
10
13.6.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
13
.
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13­
10
APPENDIX
13A
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.
13A­
1
14.
BREAST
MILK
INTAKE
.
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.
.
14­
1
14.1.
BACKGROUND
.
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.
14­
1
14.2.
KEY
STUDIES
ON
BREAST
MILK
INTAKE
.
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.
.
14­
1
14.3.
RELEVANT
STUDIES
ON
BREAST
MILK
INTAKE
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
14­
4
14.4.
KEY
STUDIES
ON
LIPID
CONTENT
AND
FAT
INTAKE
FROM
BREAST
MILK
.
.
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.
.
.
14­
5
14.5.
OTHER
FACTORS
.
.
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.
14­
6
14.6.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
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.
.
14­
7
14.7.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
14
.
.
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14­
8
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xiii
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

VOLUME
II
Table
9­
1.
Sub­
category
Codes
and
Definitions
Used
in
the
CSFII
1989­
91
Analysis
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
9
Table
9­
2.
Weighted
and
Unweighted
Number
of
Observations
for
1989­
91
CSFII
Data
Used
in
Analysis
of
Food
Intake
.
.
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.
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.
9­
10
Table
9­
3.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Total
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
9­
11
Table
9­
4.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Total
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
12
Table
9­
5.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Individual
Fruits
and
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
13
Table
9­
6.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
USDA
Categories
of
Fruits
and
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
9­
19
Table
9­
7.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Exposed
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
20
Table
9­
8.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Protected
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
21
Table
9­
9.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Exposed
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
22
Table
9­
10.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Protected
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
23
Table
9­
11.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Root
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
24
Table
9­
12.
Mean
Daily
Intake
of
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Per
Individual
in
a
Day
for
USDA
1977­
78,
87­
88,
89­
91,
94,
and
95
Surveys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
25
Table
9­
13.
Mean
Per
Capita
Intake
Rates
(
as
consumed)
for
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Based
on
All
Sex/
Age/
Demographic
Subgroups
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
26
Table
9­
14.
Mean
Total
Fruit
Intake
(
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
1977­
1978)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
33
Table
9­
15.
Mean
Total
Fruit
Intake
(
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
an
Age
(
1987­
1988)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
33
Table
9­
16.
Mean
Total
Vegetable
Intake
(
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
1977­
1978)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
34
Table
9­
17.
Mean
Total
Vegetable
Intake
(
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
1987­
1988)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
34
Table
9­
18.
Mean
Total
Fruit
Intake
(
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
1994
and
1995)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
35
Table
9­
19.
Mean
Total
Vegetable
Intake
(
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
1994
and
1995)
.
.
.
.
9­
35
Table
9­
20.
Mean
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Fats
and
Oils
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
1994
and
1995)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
36
Table
9­
21.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Per
Capita
Daily
Intake
of
Food
Class
and
Subclass
by
Region
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
36
Table
9­
22.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Daily
Intake
of
Food
Subclasses
Per
Capita
by
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
37
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xiv
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
9­
23.
Consumption
of
Foods
(
g
dry
weight/
day)
for
Different
Age
Groups
and
Estimated
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Food
Intakes
for
a
US
Citizen
(
averaged
across
sex)
Calculated
from
the
FDA
Diet
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
37
Table
9­
24.
Mean
Daily
Intake
of
Foods
(
grams)
Based
on
the
Nutrition
Canada
Dietary
Survey
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
38
Table
9­
25.
Per
Capita
Consumption
of
Fresh
Fruits
and
Vegetables
in
1991
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
38
Table
9­
26.
Quantity
(
as
consumed)
of
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Consumed
Per
Eating
Occasion
and
the
Percentage
of
Individuals
Using
These
Foods
in
Three
Days
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
39
Table
9­
27.
Mean
Moisture
Content
of
Selected
Fruits
and
Vegetables
Expressed
as
Percentages
of
Edible
Portions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
40
Table
9­
28.
Summary
of
Fruit
and
Vegetable
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
43
Table
9­
29.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Fruits
and
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
44
Table
9­
30.
Confidence
in
Fruit
and
Vegetable
Intake
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9­
45
Table
9A­
1.
Fraction
of
Grain
and
Meat
Mixture
Intake
Represented
by
Various
Food
Items/
Groups
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9A­
3
Table
9
B.
Food
Codes
and
Definitions
Used
in
Analysis
of
the
1989­
91
USDA
CSFII
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
B­
3
Table
10­
1.
Total
Fish
Consumption
by
Demographic
Variables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
30
Table
10­
2.
Mean
and
95th
Percentile
of
Fish
Consumption
(
g/
day)
by
Sex
and
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
31
Table
10­
3.
Percent
Distribution
of
Total
Fish
Consumption
for
Females
by
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
32
Table
10­
4.
Percent
Distribution
of
Total
Fish
Consumption
for
Males
by
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
32
Table
10­
5.
Mean
Total
Fish
Consumption
by
Species
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
33
Table
10­
6.
Best
Fits
of
Lognormal
Distributions
Using
the
NonLinear
Optimization
(
NLO)
Method
.
.
.
10­
33
Table
10­
7.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
Intake
(
g/
day)
by
Habitat
and
Fish
Type
for
the
U.
S.
Population
(
Uncooked
Fish
Weight)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
34
Table
10­
8.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
by
Habitat
for
Consumers
Only
(
Uncooked
Fish
Weight)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
35
Table
10­
9.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
by
Habitat
and
Fish
Type
for
U.
S.
Population
(
Uncooked
Fish
Weight)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
36
Table
10­
10.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
by
Habitat
for
Consumers
Only
(
Uncooked
Fish
Weight)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
37
Table
10­
11.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
Intake
(
g/
day)
by
Habitat
and
Fish
Type
for
the
U.
S.
Population
(
Cooked
Fish
Weight
­
As
Consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
38
Table
10­
12.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
Intake
(
g/
day)
by
Habitat
for
Consumers
Only
(
Cooked
Fish
Weight
­
As
Consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
39
Table
10­
13.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
40
Table
10­
14.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
40
Table
10­
15.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
41
Table
10­
16.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
grams/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
As
Consumed
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
41
Table
10­
17.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
42
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xv
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
10­
18.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
42
Table
10­
19.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
43
Table
10­
20.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
As
Consumed
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
43
Table
10­
21.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
44
Table
10­
22.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
44
Table
10­
23.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
45
Table
10­
24.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
As
Consumed
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
45
Table
10­
25.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
46
Table
10­
26.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
46
Table
10­
27.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
As
Consumed
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
47
Table
10­
28.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
As
Consumed
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
47
Table
10­
29.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
48
Table
10­
30.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
48
Table
10­
31.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
49
Table
10­
32.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
49
Table
10­
33.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
50
Table
10­
34.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
50
Table
10­
35.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
51
Table
10­
36.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
the
U.
S.
Population
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
51
Table
10­
37.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
52
Table
10­
38.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
52
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xvi
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
10­
39.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
53
Table
10­
40.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
g/
day)
for
Consumers
Only
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
53
Table
10­
41.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Freshwater
and
Estuarine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
54
Table
10­
42.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
Marine)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
54
Table
10­
43.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
by
Age
and
Gender
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
(
All
Fish)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
55
Table
10­
44.
Per
Capita
Distribution
of
Fish
(
Finfish
and
Shellfish)
Intake
(
mg/
kg­
day)
for
Consumers
Only
Aged
18
Years
and
Older
by
Habitat
­
Uncooked
Fish
Weight
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
55
Table
10­
45.
Distribution
of
Quantity
of
Fish
Consumed
(
in
grams)
Per
Eating
Occasion,
by
Age
and
Sex
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
56
Table
10­
46.
Mean
Fish
Intake
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
56
Table
10­
47.
Percent
of
Respondents
That
Responded
Yes,
No,
or
Don't
Know
to
Eating
Seafood
in
1
Month
(
including
shellfish,
eels,
or
squid)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
57
Table
10­
48.
Number
of
Respondents
Reporting
Consumption
of
a
Specified
Number
of
Servings
of
Seafood
in
1
Month
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
58
Table
10­
49.
Number
of
Respondents
Reporting
Monthly
Consumption
of
Seafood
That
Was
Purchased
or
Caught
by
Someone
They
Knew
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
59
Table
10­
50.
Estimated
Number
of
Participants
in
Marine
Recreational
Fishing
by
State
and
Subregion
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
60
Table
10­
51.
Estimated
Weight
of
Fish
Caught
(
Catch
Type
A
and
B1)
by
Marine
Recreational
Fishermen,
by
Wave
and
Subregion
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
61
Table
10­
52.
Average
Daily
Intake
(
g/
day)
of
Marine
Finfish,
by
Region
and
Coastal
Status
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
62
Table
10­
53.
Estimated
Weight
of
Fish
Caught
(
Catch
Type
A
and
B1)
by
Marine
Recreational
Fishermen
by
Species
Group
and
Subregion,
Atlantic
and
Gulf
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
62
Table
10­
54.
Estimated
Weight
of
Fish
Caught
(
Catch
Type
A
and
B1)
by
Marine
Recreational
Fishermen
by
Species
Group
and
Subregion,
Pacific
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
63
Table
10­
55.
Median
Intake
Rates
Based
on
Demographic
Data
of
Sport
Fishermen
and
Their
Family/
Living
Group
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
63
Table
10­
56.
Cumulative
Distribution
of
Total
Fish/
Shellfish
Consumption
by
Surveyed
Sport
Fishermen
in
the
Metropolitan
Los
Angeles
Area
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
64
Table
10­
57.
Catch
Information
for
Primary
Fish
Species
Kept
by
Sport
Fishermen
(
n=
1059)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
64
Table
10­
58.
Percent
of
Fishing
Frequency
During
the
Summer
and
Fall
Seasons
in
Commencement
Bay,
Washington
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
64
Table
10­
59.
Selected
Percentile
Consumption
Estimates
(
g/
day)
for
the
Survey
and
Total
Angler
Populations
Based
on
the
Reanalysis
of
the
Puffer
et
al.
(
1981)
and
Pierce
et
al.
(
1981)
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
65
Table
10­
60.
Means
and
Standard
Deviations
of
Selected
Characteristics
by
Subpopulation
Groups
in
Everglades,
Florida
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
65
Table
10­
61.
Mean
Fish
Intake
Among
Individuals
Who
Eat
Fish
and
Reside
in
Households
With
Recreational
Fish
Consumption
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
66
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xvii
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
10­
62.
Comparison
of
Seven­
Day
Recall
and
Estimated
Seasonal
Frequency
for
Fish
Consumption
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
66
Table
10­
63.
Distribution
of
Usual
Fish
Intake
Among
Survey
Main
Respondents
Who
Fished
and
Consumed
Recreationally
Caught
Fish
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
66
Table
10­
64.
Estimates
of
Fish
Intake
Rates
of
Licensed
Sport
Anglers
in
Maine
During
the
1989­
1990
Ice
Fishing
or
1990
Open­
Water
Seasons
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
67
Table
10­
65.
Analysis
of
Fish
Consumption
by
Ethnic
Groups
for
"
All
Waters"
(
g/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
67
Table
10­
66.
Total
Consumption
of
Freshwater
Fish
Caught
by
All
Survey
Respondents
During
the
1990
Season
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
68
Table
10­
67.
Mean
Sport­
Fish
Consumption
by
Demographic
Variables,
Michigan
Sport
Anglers
Fish
Consumption
Study,
1991­
1992
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
68
Table
10­
68.
Distribution
of
Fish
Intake
Rates
(
from
all
sources
and
from
sport­
caught
sources)
For
1992
Lake
Ontario
Anglers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
69
Table
10­
69.
Mean
Annual
Fish
Consumption
(
g/
day)
for
Lake
Ontario
Anglers,
1992,
by
Sociodemographic
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
69
Table
10­
70.
Percentile
and
Mean
Intake
Rates
for
Wisconsin
Sport
Anglers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
70
Table
10­
71.
Sociodemographic
Characteristics
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
70
Table
10­
72.
Number
of
Grams
Per
Day
of
Fish
Consumed
by
All
Adult
Respondents
(
Consumers
and
Non­
consumers
Combined)
­
Throughout
the
Year
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
71
Table
10­
73.
Fish
Intake
Throughout
the
Year
by
Sex,
Age,
and
Location
by
All
Adult
Respondents
.
.
.
.
10­
71
Table
10­
74.
Children's
Fish
Consumption
Rates
­
Throughout
Year
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
72
Table
10­
75.
Sociodemographic
Factors
and
Recent
Fish
Consumption
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
72
Table
10­
76.
Number
of
Local
Fish
Meals
Consumed
Per
Year
by
Time
Period
for
All
Respondents
.
.
.
.
10­
74
Table
10­
77.
Mean
Number
of
Local
Fish
Meals
Consumed
Per
Year
by
Time
Period
for
All
Respondents
and
Consumers
Only
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
74
Table
10­
78.
Mean
Number
of
Local
Fish
Meals
Consumed
Per
Year
by
Time
Period
and
Selected
Characteristics
for
All
Respondents
(
Mohawk,
N=
97;
Control,
N=
154)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
75
Table
10­
79.
Percentage
of
Individuals
Using
Various
Cooking
Methods
at
Specified
Frequencies
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
75
Table
10­
80.
Percent
Moisture
and
Fat
Content
for
Selected
Species
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
76
Table
10­
81.
Recommendations
­
General
Population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
79
Table
10­
82.
Recommendations
­
General
Population
­
Fish
Serving
Size
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
79
Table
10­
83.
Recommendations
­
Recreational
Marine
Anglers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
79
Table
10­
84.
Recommendations
­
Freshwater
Anglers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
79
Table
10­
85.
Recommendations
­
Native
American
Subsistence
Populations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
80
Table
10­
86.
Summary
of
Fish
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
81
Table
10­
87.
Confidence
in
Fish
Intake
Recommendations
for
General
Population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
85
Table
10­
88.
Confidence
in
Fish
Intake
Recommendations
for
Recreational
Marine
Anglers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
86
Table
10­
89.
Confidence
in
Recommendations
for
Fish
Consumption
­
Recreational
Freshwater
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10­
87
Table
10­
90.
Confidence
in
Recommendations
for
Native
American
Subsistence
Fish
Consumption
.
.
.
.
10­
88
Table
10B­
1.
Percent
of
Fish
Meals
Prepared
Using
Various
Cooking
Methods
by
Residence
Size
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
3
Table
10B­
2.
Percent
of
Fish
Meals
Prepared
Using
Various
Cooking
Methods
by
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
3
Table
10B­
3.
Percent
of
Fish
Meals
Prepared
Using
Various
Cooking
Methods
by
Ethnicity
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
4
Table
10B­
4.
Percent
of
Fish
Meals
Prepared
Using
Various
Cooking
Methods
by
Education
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
4
Table
10B­
5.
Percent
of
Fish
Meals
Prepared
Using
Various
Cooking
Methods
by
Income
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
5
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xviii
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
10B­
6.
Percent
of
Fish
Meals
Where
Fat
was
Trimmed
or
Skin
was
Removed,
by
Demographic
Variables
10B­
6
Table
10B­
7.
Method
of
Cooking
of
Most
Common
Species
Kept
by
Sportfishermen
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
7
Table
10B­
8.
Adult
Consumption
of
Fish
Parts
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10B­
7
Table
10C­
1.
Daily
Average
Per
Capita
Estimates
of
Fish
Consumption
U.
S.
Population
­
Mean
Consumption
by
Species
Within
Habitat
­
As
Consumed
Fish
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10C­
3
Table
10C­
2.
Daily
Average
Per
Capita
Estimates
of
Fish
Consumption
U.
S.
Population
­
Mean
Consumption
by
Species
Within
Habitat
­
Uncooked
Fish
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10C­
4
Table
10C­
3.
Daily
Average
Per
Capita
Estimates
of
Fish
Consumption
As
Consumed
Fish
­
Mean
Consumption
by
Species
Within
Habitat
­
U.
S.
Population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10C­
5
Table
10C­
4.
Daily
Average
Per
Capita
Estimates
of
Fish
Consumption
Uncooked
Fish
­
Mean
Consumption
by
Species
Within
Habitat
­
U.
S.
Population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10C­
6
Table
11­
1.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Total
Meats
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
9
Table
11­
2.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Total
Dairy
Products
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
10
Table
11­
3.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Beef
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
11
Table
11­
4.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Pork
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
12
Table
11­
5.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Poultry
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
13
Table
11­
6.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Game
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
14
Table
11­
7.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Eggs
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
15
Table
11­
8.
Main
Daily
Intake
of
Meat
and
Dairy
Products
Per
Individual
in
a
Day
for
USDA
1977­
78,
87­
88,
89­
91,
94,
and
95
Surveys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
16
Table
11­
9.
Mean
Per
Capita
Intake
Rates
for
Meat,
Poultry,
and
Dairy
Products
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
Based
on
All
Sex/
Age/
Demographic
Subgroups
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
17
Table
11­
10.
Mean
Meat
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1977­
1978
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
18
Table
11­
11.
Mean
Meat
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1987­
1988
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
18
Table
11­
12.
Mean
Dairy
Product
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1977­
1978
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
19
Table
11­
13.
Mean
Dairy
Product
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1987­
1988
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
19
Table
11­
14.
Mean
Meat
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1994
and
1995
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
20
Table
11­
15.
Mean
Dairy
Product
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day,
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1994
and
1995
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
20
Table
11­
16.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Dietary
Intake
of
Food
Sub
Classes
Per
Capita
by
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
21
Table
11­
17.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Per
Capita
Daily
Intake
of
Food
Class
and
Sub
Class
by
Region
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
21
Table
11­
18.
Consumption
of
Meat,
Poultry,
and
Dairy
Products
for
Different
Age
Groups
(
averaged
across
sex),
and
Estimated
Lifetime
Average
Intakes
for
70
Kg
Adult
Citizens
Calculated
from
the
FDA
Diet
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
22
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xix
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
11­
19.
Per
Capita
Consumption
of
Meat
and
Poultry
in
1991
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
22
Table
11­
20.
Per
Capita
Consumption
of
Dairy
Products
in
1991
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
23
Table
11­
21.
Adult
Mean
Daily
Intake
(
as
consumed)
of
Meat
and
Poultry
Grouped
by
Region
and
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
24
Table
11­
22.
Amount
(
as
consumed)
of
Meat
Consumed
by
Adults
Grouped
by
Frequency
of
Eatings
.
.
.
11­
24
Table
11­
23.
Quantity
(
as
consumed)
of
Meat,
Poultry,
and
Dairy
Products
Consumed
Per
Eating
Occasion
and
the
Percentage
of
Individuals
Using
These
Foods
in
Three
Days
.
.
.
.
.
11­
25
Table
11­
24.
Percentage
Lipid
Content
(
Expressed
as
Percentages
of
100
Grams
of
Edible
Portions)
of
Selected
Meat
and
Dairy
Products
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
26
Table
11­
25.
Fat
Content
of
Meat
Products
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
27
Table
11­
26.
Fat
Intake,
Contribution
of
Various
Food
Groups
to
Fat
Intake,
and
Percentage
of
the
Population
in
Various
Meat
Eater
Groups
of
the
U.
S.
Population
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
28
Table
11­
27.
Mean
Total
Daily
Dietary
Fat
Intake
(
g/
day)
Grouped
by
Age
and
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
28
Table
11­
28.
Percentage
Mean
Moisture
Content
(
Expressed
as
Percentages
of
100
Grams
of
Edible
Portions)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
29
Table
11­
29.
Summary
of
Meat,
Poultry,
and
Dairy
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
30
Table
11­
30.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Meat
and
Dairy
Products
and
Serving
Size
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
31
Table
11­
31.
Confidence
in
Meats
and
Dairy
Products
Intake
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11­
32
Table
12­
1.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Total
Grains
Including
Mixtures
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
6
Table
12­
2.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Breads
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
7
Table
12­
3.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Sweets
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
8
Table
12­
4.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Snacks
Containing
Grain
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
9
Table
12­
5.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Breakfast
Foods
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
10
Table
12­
6.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Pasta
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
11
Table
12­
7.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Cooked
Cereals
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
12
Table
12­
8.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Rice
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
13
Table
12­
9.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Ready­
to­
Eat
Cereals
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed))
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
14
Table
12­
10.
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Baby
Cereals
(
g/
kg­
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
15
Table
12­
11.
Mean
Daily
Intakes
of
Grains
Per
Individual
in
a
Day
for
USDA
1977­
78,
87­
88,
89­
91,
94,
and
95
Surveys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
16
Table
12­
12.
Mean
Per
Capita
Intake
Rates
for
Grains
Based
on
All
Sex/
Age/
Demographic
Subgroups
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
16
Table
12­
13.
Mean
Grain
Intake
Per
Individual
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1977­
1978
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
17
Table
12­
14.
Mean
Grain
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1987­
1988
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
17
Table
12­
15.
Mean
Grain
Intakes
Per
Individual
in
a
Day
by
Sex
and
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
for
1994
and
1995
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
18
Table
12­
16.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Daily
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Grains,
by
Age
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
18
Table
12­
17.
Mean
and
Standard
Error
for
the
Daily
Intake
of
Grains,
by
Region
(
g/
day
as
consumed)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
19
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xx
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
12­
18.
Consumption
of
Grains
(
g
dry
weight/
day)
for
Different
Age
Groups
and
Estimated
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Food
Intakes
for
a
U.
S.
Citizen
(
averaged
across
sex)
Calculated
from
the
FDA
Diet
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
19
Table
12­
19.
Per
Capita
Consumption
of
Flour
and
Cereal
Products
in
1991
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
20
Table
12­
20.
Quantity
(
as
consumed)
of
Grain
Products
Consumed
Per
Eating
Occasion
and
the
Percentage
of
Individuals
Using
These
Foods
in
Three
Days
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
20
Table
12­
21.
Mean
Moisture
Content
of
Selected
Grains
Expressed
as
Percentages
of
Edible
Portions
.
.
.
12­
21
Table
12­
22.
Summary
of
Grain
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
22
Table
12­
23.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Per
Capita
Intake
of
Grain
Products
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
22
Table
12­
24.
Confidence
in
Grain
Products
Intake
Recommendation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12­
23
Table
12A­
1.
Food
Codes
and
Definitions
Used
in
the
Analysis
of
the
1989­
91
USDA
CSFII
Grains
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12A­
3
Table
13­
1.
1986
Vegetable
Gardening
by
Demographic
Factors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
1
Table
13­
2.
Percentage
of
Gardening
Households
Growing
Different
Vegetables
in
1986
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
1
Table
13­
3.
Sub­
category
Codes
and
Definitions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
4
Table
13­
4.
Weighted
and
Unweighted
Number
of
Observations
(
Individuals)
for
NFCS
Data
Used
in
Analysis
of
Food
Intake
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
6
Table
13­
5.
Percent
Weight
Losses
from
Preparation
of
Various
Meats
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
8
Table
13­
6.
Percent
Weight
Losses
from
Preparation
of
Various
Fruits
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
8
Table
13­
7.
Percent
Weight
Losses
from
Preparation
of
Various
Vegetables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
9
Table
13­
8.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
All
Regions
Combined
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
12
Table
13­
9.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Northeast
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
13
Table
13­
10.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Midwest
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
13
Table
13­
11.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
South
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
14
Table
13­
12.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
West
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
14
Table
13­
13.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
All
Regions
Combined
.
.
.
.
13­
15
Table
13­
14.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Northeast
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
16
Table
13­
15.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Midwest
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
16
Table
13­
16.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
South
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
17
Table
13­
17.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
West
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
17
Table
13­
18.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Meats
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
All
Regions
Combined
.
.
.
.
.
13­
18
Table
13­
19.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Meats
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Northeast
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
19
Table
13­
20.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Meats
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Midwest
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
19
Table
13­
21.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Meats
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
South
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
20
Table
13­
22.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Meats
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
West
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
20
Table
13­
23.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Caught
Fish
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
All
Regions
Combined
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
21
Table
13­
24.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Caught
Fish
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Northeast
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
22
Table
13­
25.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Caught
Fish
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Midwest
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
22
Table
13­
26.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Caught
Fish
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
South
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
23
Table
13­
27.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Caught
Fish
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
West
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
23
Table
13­
28.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Dairy
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
All
Regions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
24
Table
13­
29.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Dairy
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Northeast
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
25
Table
13­
30.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Dairy
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
Midwest
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
25
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxi
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
13­
31.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Dairy
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
South
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
26
Table
13­
32.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Dairy
(
g/
kg­
day)
­
West
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
26
Table
13­
33.
Seasonally
Adjusted
Consumer
Only
Homegrown
Intake
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
27
Table
13­
34.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Apples
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
28
Table
13­
35.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Asparagus
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
29
Table
13­
36.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Beef
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
30
Table
13­
37.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Beets
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
31
Table
13­
38.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Broccoli
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
32
Table
13­
39.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Cabbage
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
33
Table
13­
40.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Carrots
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
34
Table
13­
41.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Corn
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
35
Table
13­
42.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Cucumbers
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
36
Table
13­
43.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Eggs
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
37
Table
13­
44.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Game
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
38
Table
13­
45.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Lettuce
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
39
Table
13­
46.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Lima
Beans
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
40
Table
13­
47.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Okra
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
41
Table
13­
48.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Onions
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
42
Table
13­
49.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Other
Berries
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
43
Table
13­
50.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Peaches
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
44
Table
13­
51.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Pears
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
45
Table
13­
52.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Peas
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
46
Table
13­
53.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Peppers
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
47
Table
13­
54.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Pork
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
48
Table
13­
55.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Home
Produced
Poultry
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
49
Table
13­
56.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Pumpkins
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
50
Table
13­
57.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Snap
Beans
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
51
Table
13­
58.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Strawberries
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
52
Table
13­
59.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Tomatoes
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
53
Table
13­
60.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
White
Potatoes
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
54
Table
13­
61.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Exposed
Fruit
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
55
Table
13­
62.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Protected
Fruits
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
56
Table
13­
63.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Exposed
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
57
Table
13­
64.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Protected
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
58
Table
13­
65.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Root
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
59
Table
13­
66.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Dark
Green
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
60
Table
13­
67.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Deep
Yellow
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
61
Table
13­
68.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Other
Vegetables
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
62
Table
13­
69.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Citrus
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
63
Table
13­
70.
Consumer
Only
Intake
of
Homegrown
Other
Fruit
(
g/
kg­
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
64
Table
13­
71.
Fraction
of
Food
Intake
that
is
Home
Produced
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
65
Table
13­
72.
Confidence
in
Homegrown
Food
Consumption
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13­
67
Table
13A­
1.
Food
Codes
and
Definitions
Used
in
Analysis
of
the
1987­
88
USDA
NFCS
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13A­
3
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxii
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
14­
1.
Daily
Intakes
of
Breast
Milk
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
2
Table
14­
2.
Breast
Milk
Intake
for
Infants
Aged
1
to
6
Months
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
2
Table
14­
3.
Breast
Milk
Intake
Among
Exclusively
Breast­
fed
Infants
During
the
First
4
Months
of
Life
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
3
Table
14­
4.
Breat
Milk
Intake
During
a
24­
Hour
Period
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
14­
3
Table
14­
5.
Breast
Milk
Intake
Estimated
by
the
DARLING
Study
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
4
Table
14­
6.
Milk
Intake
for
Bottle­
and
Breast­
fed
Infants
by
Age
Group
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
4
Table
14­
7.
Milk
Intake
for
Boys
and
Girls
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
14­
4
Table
14­
8.
Intake
of
Breast
Milk
and
Formula
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
14­
5
Table
14­
9.
Lipid
Content
of
Human
Milk
and
Estimated
Lipid
Intake
Among
Exclusively
Breast­
fed
Infant
s
14­
6
Table
14­
10.
Predicted
Lipid
Intakes
for
Breast­
fed
Infants
Under
12
Months
of
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
6
Table
14­
11.
Number
of
Meals
Per
Day
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
7
Table
14­
12.
Percentage
of
Mothers
Breast­
feeding
Newborn
Infants
in
the
Hospital
and
Infants
at
5
or
6
Months
of
Age
in
the
United
States
in
1989,
by
Ethnic
Background
and
Selected
Demographic
Variables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
14­
10
Table
14­
13.
Breast
Milk
Intake
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
11
Table
14­
14.
Confidence
in
Breast
Milk
Intake
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
13
Table
14­
15.
Breast
Milk
Intake
Rates
Derived
From
Key
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
14
Table
14­
16.
Summary
of
Recommended
Breast
Milk
and
Lipid
Intake
Rates
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14­
15
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxxi
LIST
OF
FIGURES
Page
No.

VOLUME
II
Figure
10­
1.
Seasonal
Fish
Consumption:
Wisconsin
Chippewa,
1990
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
10­
73
Figure
10­
2.
Peak
Fish
Consumption:
Wisconsin
Chippewa,
1990
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
10­
73
EPA/
600/
P­
95­
002Fa
August
1997
VOLUME
III
­
ACTIVITY
FACTORS
EXPOSURE
FACTORS
HANDBOOK
Update
to
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
EPA/
600/
8­
89/
043
­
May
1989
Office
of
Research
and
Development
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Washington,
DC
20460
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
ii
August
1997
DISCLAIMER
This
document
has
been
reviewed
in
accordance
with
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
policy
and
approved
for
publication.
Mention
of
trade
names
or
commercial
products
does
not
constitute
endorsement
or
recommendation
for
use.
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
vii
CONTENTS
(
continued)

Page
No.

VOLUME
III
15.
ACTIVITY
FACTORS
.
.
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.
.
15­
1
15.1.
ACTIVITY
PATTERNS
.
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.
15­
1
15.1.1.
Key
Activity
Pattern
Studies
.
.
.
.
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.
.
15­
1
15.1.2.
Relevant
Activity
Pattern
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
15­
7
15.2.
OCCUPATIONAL
MOBILITY
.
.
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.
.
.
15­
11
15.2.1.
Background
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
15­
11
15.2.2.
Key
Occupational
Mobility
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
15­
11
15.3.
POPULATION
MOBILITY
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
15­
12
15.3.1.
Background
.
.
.
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.
.
.
15­
12
15.3.2.
Key
Population
Mobility
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
15­
13
15.3.3.
Relevant
Population
Mobility
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
15
15.4.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
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.
.
15­
15
15.4.1.
Recommendations
for
Activity
Patterns
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
15­
15
15.4.2.
Recommendations:
Occupational
Mobility
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
17
15.4.3.
Recommendations:
Population
Mobility
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
15­
17
15.4.4.
Summary
of
Recommended
Activity
Factors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
15­
18
15.5.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
15
.
.
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.
.
.
.
15­
18
APPENDIX
15A
.
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.
15A­
1
APPENDIX
15B
.
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.
15B­
1
16.
CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
.
.
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.
16­
1
16.1.
BACKGROUND
.
.
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.
16­
1
16.2.
KEY
CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
USE
STUDIES
.
.
.
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.
.
16­
1
16.3.
RELEVANT
CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
USE
STUDY
.
.
.
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.
.
16­
4
16.4.
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
16­
5
16.5.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
16
.
.
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.
16­
5
APPENDIX
16A
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16A­
1
17.
RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING
CHARACTERISTICS
.
.
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17­
1
17.1.
INTRODUCTION
.
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.
17­
1
17.2.
BUILDING
CHARACTERISTICS
.
.
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.
17­
2
17.2.1.
Key
Volumes
of
Residence
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
17­
2
17.2.2.
Volumes
and
Surface
Areas
of
Rooms
.
.
.
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.
.
17­
4
17.2.3.
Mechanical
System
Configurations
.
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17­
6
17.2.4.
Type
of
Foundation
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17­
7
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
viii
August
1997
CONTENTS
(
continued)

Page
No.

17.3.
TRANSPORT
RATES
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17­
8
17.3.1.
Background
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17­
8
17.3.2.
Air
Exchange
Rates
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17­
10
17.3.3.
Infiltration
Models
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17­
12
17.3.4.
Deposition
and
Filtration
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17­
14
17.3.5.
Interzonal
Airflows
.
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17­
15
17.3.6.
Water
Uses
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17­
15
17.3.7.
House
Dust
and
Soil
.
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17­
19
17.4.
SOURCES
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17­
20
17.4.1.
Source
Descriptions
for
Airborne
Contaminants
.
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17­
20
17.4.2.
Source
Descriptions
for
Waterborne
Contaminants
.
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.
17­
22
17.4.3.
Soil
and
House
Dust
Sources
.
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17­
22
17.5.
ADVANCED
CONCEPTS
.
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17­
23
17.5.1.
Uniform
Mixing
Assumption
.
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17­
23
17.5.2.
Reversible
Sinks
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17­
23
17.6
RECOMMENDATIONS
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17­
23
17.7.
REFERENCES
FOR
CHAPTER
17
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17­
24
GLOSSARY
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G­
1
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxii
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

VOLUME
III
Table
15­
1.
Time
Use
Table
Locator
Guide
.
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.
15­
20
Table
15­
2.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes)
Performing
Major
Activities
Grouped
by
Age,
Sex
and
Type
of
Day
.
.
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.
15­
21
Table
15­
3.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes)
in
Major
Activities
Grouped
by
Type
of
Day
for
Five
Different
Age
Groups
.
.
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.
15­
22
Table
15­
4.
Cumulative
Frequency
Distribution
of
Average
Shower
Duration
for
2,550
Households
.
.
.
15­
23
Table
15­
5.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
Grouped
by
Total
Sample
and
Gender
for
the
CARB
and
National
Studies
(
age
18­
64
years)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
24
Table
15­
6.
Total
Mean
Time
Spent
at
Three
Major
Locations
Grouped
by
Total
Sample
and
Gender
for
the
CARB
and
National
Study
(
ages
18­
64
years)
.
.
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.
15­
24
Table
15­
7.
Mean
Time
Spent
at
Three
Locations
for
both
CARB
and
National
Studies
(
ages
12
years
and
older)
.
.
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.
15­
25
Table
15­
8.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
in
Various
Microenvironments
Grouped
by
Total
Population
and
Gender
(
12
years
and
over)
in
the
National
and
CARB
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
26
Table
15­
9.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
in
Various
Microenvironments
by
Type
of
Day
for
the
California
and
National
Surveys
(
sample
population
ages
12
years
and
older)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
27
Table
15­
10.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
in
Various
Microenvironments
by
Age
Groups
for
the
National
and
California
Surveys
.
.
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.
15­
28
Table
15­
11.
Mean
Time
(
minutes/
day)
Children
Spent
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
for
All
Respondents
.
.
.
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.
15­
30
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxiii
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
15­
12.
Mean
Time
Children
Spent
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
Grouped
by
Age
and
Gender
.
.
.
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.
15­
30
Table
15­
13.
Mean
Time
Children
Spent
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
Grouped
by
Seasons
and
Regions
.
.
.
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.
15­
31
Table
15­
14.
Mean
Time
Children
Spent
in
Six
Major
Location
Categories
for
All
Respondents
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
15­
31
Table
15­
15.
Mean
Time
Children
Spent
in
Six
Location
Categories
Grouped
by
Age
and
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
32
Table
15­
16.
Mean
Time
Children
Spent
in
Six
Location
Categories
Grouped
by
Season
and
Region
.
.
.
.
15­
32
Table
15­
17.
Mean
Time
Children
Spent
in
Proximity
to
Three
Potential
Exposures
Grouped
by
All
Respondents,
Age,
and
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
15­
33
Table
15­
18.
Range
of
Recommended
Defaults
for
Dermal
Exposure
Factors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
33
Table
15­
19.
Number
of
Times
Taking
a
Shower
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
34
Table
15­
20.
Times
(
minutes)
Spent
Taking
Showers
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
35
Table
15­
21.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Taking
a
Shower
(
minutes/
shower)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
36
Table
15­
22.
Time
(
minutes)
Spent
in
the
Shower
Room
Immediately
After
Showering
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
37
Table
15­
23.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
the
Shower
Room
Immediately
After
Showering
(
minutes/
shower)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
38
Table
15­
24.
Number
of
Baths
Given
or
Taken
in
One
Day
by
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
39
Table
15­
25.
Total
Time
Spent
Taking
or
Giving
a
Bath
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
40
Table
15­
26.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Giving
and
Taking
the
Bath(
s)
(
minutes/
bath)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
41
Table
15­
27.
Time
Spent
in
the
Bathroom
Immediately
After
the
Bath(
s)
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
42
Table
15­
28.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
the
Bathroom
Immediately
After
the
Bath(
s)
(
minutes/
bath)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
43
Table
15­
29.
Total
Time
Spent
Altogether
in
the
Shower
or
Bathtub
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
15­
44
Table
15­
30.
Total
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Altogether
in
the
Shower
or
Bathtub
(
minutes/
bath)
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
45
Table
15­
31.
Time
Spent
in
the
Bathroom
Immediately
Following
a
Shower
or
Bath
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
46
Table
15­
32.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
the
Bathroom
Immediately
Following
a
Shower
or
Bath
(
minutes/
bath)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
47
Table
15­
33.
Range
of
Number
of
Times
Washing
the
Hands
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
48
Table
15­
34.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
(
at
home)
Working
or
Being
Near
Food
While
Fried,
Grilled,
or
Barbequed
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
49
Table
15­
35.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
(
at
home)
Working
or
Being
Near
Open
Flames
Including
Barbeque
Flames
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
50
Table
15­
36.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Working
or
Being
Near
Excessive
Dust
in
the
Air
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
51
Table
15­
37.
Range
of
the
Number
of
Times
an
Automobile
or
Motor
Vehicle
was
Started
in
a
Garage
or
Carport
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
52
Table
15­
38.
Range
of
the
Number
of
Times
Motor
Vehicle
Was
Started
with
Garage
Door
Closed
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
53
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxiv
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
15­
39.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
a
Gas
Station
or
Auto
Repair
Shop
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
54
Table
15­
40.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
While
the
Windows
Were
Left
Open
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
55
Table
15­
41.
Number
of
Minutes
the
Outside
Door
Was
Left
Open
While
at
Home
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
56
Table
15­
42.
Number
of
Times
an
Outside
Door
Was
Opened
in
the
Home
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
57
Table
15­
43.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Running,
Walking,
or
Standing
Alongside
a
Road
with
Heavy
Traffic
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
58
Table
15­
44.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
a
Car,
Van,
Truck,
or
Bus
in
Heavy
Traffic
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
15­
59
Table
15­
45.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
a
Parking
Garage
or
Indoor
Parking
Lot
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
60
Table
15­
46.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Walking
Outside
to
a
Car
in
the
Driveway
or
Outside
Parking
Areas
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
61
Table
15­
47.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Running
or
Walking
Outside
Other
Than
to
the
Car
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
62
Table
15­
48.
Number
of
Hours
Spent
Working
for
Pay
(
hours/
week)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
63
Table
15­
49.
Number
of
Hours
Spent
Working
for
Pay
Between
6PM
and
6AM
(
hours/
week)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
64
Table
15­
50.
Number
of
Hours
Worked
in
a
Week
That
Was
Outdoors
(
hours/
week)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
65
Table
15­
51.
Number
of
Times
Floors
Were
Swept
or
Vacuumed
at
Specified
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
66
Table
15­
52.
Number
of
Days
Since
the
Floor
Area
in
the
Home
Was
Swept
or
Vacuumed
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
67
Table
15­
53.
Number
of
Loads
of
Laundry
Washed
in
a
Washing
Machine
at
Home
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
68
Table
15­
54.
Number
of
Times
Using
a
Dishwasher
at
Specified
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
69
Table
15­
55.
Number
of
Times
Washing
Dishes
by
Hand
at
Specified
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
70
Table
15­
56.
Number
of
Times
for
Washing
Clothes
in
a
Washing
Machine
at
Specified
Frequencies
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
71
Table
15­
57.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Playing
on
Sand
or
Gravel
in
a
Day
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
72
Table
15­
58.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Playing
in
Sand
or
Gravel
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
73
Table
15­
59.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Playing
in
Outdoors
on
Sand,
Gravel,
Dirt,
or
Grass
When
Fill
Dirt
Was
Present
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
74
Table
15­
60.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Playing
on
Sand,
Gravel,
Dirt,
or
Grass
When
Fill
Dirt
Was
Present
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
75
Table
15­
61.
Range
of
the
Time
Spent
Working
in
a
Garden
or
Other
Circumstances
in
a
Month
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
76
Table
15­
62.
Number
of
Hours
Spent
Working
with
Soil
in
a
Garden
or
Other
Circumstances
Working
(
hours/
month)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
77
Table
15­
63.
Range
of
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Playing
on
Grass
in
a
Day
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
78
Table
15­
64.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Playing
on
Grass
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
79
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxv
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
15­
65.
Number
of
Times
Swimming
in
a
Month
in
Freshwater
Swimming
Pool
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
80
Table
15­
66.
Range
of
the
Average
Amount
of
Time
Actually
Spent
in
the
Water
by
Swimmers
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
82
Table
15­
67.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Swimming
in
a
Month
in
Freshwater
Swimming
Pool
(
minutes/
month)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
83
Table
15­
68.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Working
in
a
Main
Job
.
.
.
.
.
15­
84
Table
15­
69.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Food
Preparation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
85
Table
15­
70.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Food
Cleanup
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
86
Table
15­
71.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Cleaning
House
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
87
Table
15­
72.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Outdoor
Cleaning
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
88
Table
15­
73.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Clothes
Care
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
89
Table
15­
74.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Car
Repair/
Maintenance
.
.
15­
90
Table
15­
75.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Other
Repairs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
91
Table
15­
76.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Plant
Care
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
92
Table
15­
77.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Animal
Care
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
93
Table
15­
78.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Other
Household
Work
.
.
.
15­
94
Table
15­
79.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Indoor
Playing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
95
Table
15­
80.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Outdoor
Playing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
96
Table
15­
81.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
for
Car
Repair
Services
.
.
.
.
.
15­
97
Table
15­
82.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Washing,
etc.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
98
Table
15­
83.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Sleeping/
Napping
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
99
Table
15­
84.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Attending
Full
Time
School
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
100
Table
15­
85.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Active
Sports
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
101
Table
15­
86.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Outdoor
Recreation
.
.
.
.
.
15­
102
Table
15­
87.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Exercise
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
103
Table
15­
88.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Food
Preparation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
104
Table
15­
89.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Doing
Dishes/
Laundry
.
.
.
.
15­
105
Table
15­
90.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Housekeeping
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
106
Table
15­
91.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Bathing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
107
Table
15­
92.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Yardwork/
Maintenance
.
.
15­
108
Table
15­
93.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Sports/
Exercise
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
109
Table
15­
94.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Eating
or
Drinking
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
110
Table
15­
95.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
an
Auto
Repair
Shop/
Gas
Station
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
111
Table
15­
96.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
a
Gym/
Health
Club
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
112
Table
15­
97.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
the
Laundromat
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
113
Table
15­
98.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
Work
(
non­
specific)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
114
Table
15­
99.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
the
Dry
Cleaners
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
115
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxvi
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
15­
100.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
a
Bar/
Nightclub/
Bowling
Alley
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
116
Table
15­
101.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
a
Restaurant
.
.
.
.
.
15­
117
Table
15­
102.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
School
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
118
Table
15­
103.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
at
a
Plant/
Factory/
Warehouse
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
119
Table
15­
104.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
on
a
Sidewalk,
Street,
or
in
the
Neighborhood
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
120
Table
15­
105.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
in
a
Parking
Lot
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
121
Table
15­
106.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
at
a
Service
Station
or
Gas
Station
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
122
Table
15­
107.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
at
a
Construction
Site
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
123
Table
15­
108.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
on
School
Grounds/
Playground
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
124
Table
15­
109.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
at
a
Park/
Golf
Course
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
125
Table
15­
110.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
at
a
Pool/
River/
Lake
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
126
Table
15­
111.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
at
a
Restaurant/
Picnic
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
127
Table
15­
112.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
at
a
Farm
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
128
Table
15­
113.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
in
the
Kitchen
.
.
.
.
.
15­
129
Table
15­
114.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
the
Bathroom
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
130
Table
15­
115.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
in
the
Bedroom
.
.
.
15­
131
Table
15­
116.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
in
the
Garage
.
.
.
.
.
15­
132
Table
15­
117.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
the
Basement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
133
Table
15­
118.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
in
the
Utility
Room
or
Laundry
Room
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
134
Table
15­
119.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
in
the
Outdoor
Pool
or
Spa
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
135
Table
15­
120.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
at
Home
in
the
Yard
or
Other
Areas
Outside
the
House
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
136
Table
15­
121.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
in
a
Car
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
137
Table
15­
122.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
in
a
Truck
(
Pick­
up/
Van)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
138
Table
15­
123.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
on
a
Motorcycle,
Moped,
or
Scooter
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
139
Table
15­
124.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
in
Other
Trucks
.
.
15­
140
Table
15­
125.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
on
a
Bus
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
141
Table
15­
126.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Walking
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
142
Table
15­
127.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
on
a
Bicycle/
Skateboard/
Rollerskate
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
143
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxvii
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
15­
128.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Waiting
on
a
Bus,
Train
etc.,
Stop
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
144
Table
15­
129.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
on
a
Train/
Subway/
Rapid
Transit
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
145
Table
15­
130.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
on
an
Airplane
.
.
.
15­
146
Table
15­
131.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Indoors
in
a
Residence
(
all
rooms)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
147
Table
15­
132.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
(
outside
the
residence)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
148
Table
15­
133.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Traveling
Inside
a
Vehicle
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
149
Table
15­
134.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
Near
a
Vehicle
.
.
.
15­
150
Table
15­
135.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Outdoors
Other
Than
Near
a
Residence
or
Vehicle
Such
as
Parks,
Golf
Courses,
or
Farms
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
151
Table
15­
136.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
an
Office
or
Factory
.
.
.
.
.
15­
152
Table
15­
137.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Malls,
Grocery
Stores,
or
Other
Stores
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
153
Table
15­
138.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Schools,
Churches,
Hospitals,
and
Public
Buildings
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
154
Table
15­
139.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Bars/
Nightclubs,
Bowling
Alleys,
and
Restaurants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
155
Table
15­
140.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Other
Outdoors
Such
as
Auto
Repair
Shops,
Laundromats,
Gyms,
and
at
Work
(
non­
specific)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
156
Table
15­
141.
Statistics
for
24­
Hour
Cumulative
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
with
Smokers
Present
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
157
Table
15­
142.
Range
of
Time
(
minutes)
Spent
Smoking
Based
on
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
158
Table
15­
143.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Smoking
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
160
Table
15­
144.
Range
of
Time
Spent
Smoking
Cigars
or
Pipe
Tobacco
by
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
15­
161
Table
15­
145.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Smoking
Cigars
or
Pipe
Tobacco
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
162
Table
15­
146.
Range
of
Numbers
of
Cigarettes
Smoked
Based
on
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
163
Table
15­
147.
Range
of
Numbers
of
Cigarettes
Smoked
by
Other
People
Based
on
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
164
Table
15­
148.
Range
of
Numbers
of
Cigarettes
Smoked
While
at
Home
Based
on
the
Number
of
Respondents
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
165
Table
15­
149.
Differences
in
Time
Use
(
hours/
week)
Grouped
by
Sex,
Employment
Status,
and
Marital
Status
for
the
Surveys
Conducted
in
1965
and
1975
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
166
Table
15­
150.
Time
Use
(
hours/
week)
Differences
by
Age
for
the
Surveys
Conducted
in
1965
and
1975
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
167
Table
15­
151.
Time
Use
(
hours/
week)
Differences
by
Education
for
the
Surveys
Conducted
in
1965
and
1975
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
168
Table
15­
152.
Time
Use
(
hours/
week)
Differences
by
Race
for
the
Surveys
Conducted
in
1965
and
1975
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
169
Table
15­
153.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
hours/
week)
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
Grouped
by
Regions
.
.
.
15­
169
Table
15­
154.
Total
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
Grouped
by
Type
of
Day
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
170
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxviii
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
15­
155.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
During
Four
Waves
of
Interviews
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
170
Table
15­
156.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
hours/
week)
in
Ten
Major
Activity
Categories
Grouped
by
Gender
.
.
.
15­
171
Table
15­
157.
Percent
Responses
of
Children's
"
Play"
(
activities)
Locations
in
Maryvale,
Arizona
.
.
.
.
.
15­
171
Table
15­
158.
Occupational
Tenure
of
Employed
Individuals
by
Age
and
Sex
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
172
Table
15­
159.
Occupational
Tenure
for
Employed
Individuals
Grouped
by
Sex
and
Race
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
172
Table
15­
160.
Occupational
Tenure
for
Employed
Individuals
Grouped
by
Sex
and
Employment
Status
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
172
Table
15­
161.
Occupational
Tenure
of
Employed
Individuals
Grouped
by
Major
Occupational
Groups
and
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
173
Table
15­
162.
Voluntary
Occupational
Mobility
Rates
for
Workers
Age
16
Years
and
Older
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
173
Table
15­
163.
Values
and
Their
Standard
Errors
for
Average
Total
Residence
Time,
T,
for
Each
Group
in
Survey
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
174
Table
15­
164.
Total
Residence
Time,
t
(
years),
Corresponding
to
Selected
Values
of
R(
t)
by
Housing
Category
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
174
Table
15­
165.
Residence
Time
of
Owner/
Renter
Occupied
Units
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
175
Table
15­
166.
Percent
of
Householders
Living
in
Houses
for
Specified
Ranges
of
Time
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
175
Table
15­
167.
Descriptive
Statistics
for
Residential
Occupancy
Period
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
176
Table
15­
168.
Descriptive
Statistics
for
Both
Genders
by
Current
Age
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
176
Table
15­
169.
Summary
of
Residence
Time
of
Recent
Home
Buyers
(
1993)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
177
Table
15­
170.
Tenure
in
Previous
Home
(
Percentage
Distribution)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
177
Table
15­
171.
Number
of
Miles
Moved
(
Percentage
Distribution)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
177
Table
15­
172.
Confidence
in
Activity
Patterns
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
178
Table
15­
173.
Confidence
in
Occupational
Mobility
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
185
Table
15­
174.
Recommendations
for
Population
Mobility
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
188
Table
15­
175.
Confidence
in
Population
Mobility
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
188
Table
15­
176.
Summary
of
Recommended
Values
for
Activity
Factors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
187
Table
15A­
1.
Activity
Codes
and
Descriptors
Used
for
Adult
Time
Diaries
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
3
Table
15A­
2.
Differences
in
Average
Time
Spent
in
Different
Activities
Between
California
and
National
Studies
(
minutes
per
day
for
age
18­
64
years)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
17
Table
15A­
3.
Time
Spent
in
Various
Microenvironments
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
19
Table
15A­
4.
Major
Time
Use
Activity
Categories
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
21
Table
15A­
5.
Mean
Time
Spent
(
minutes/
day)
for
87
Activities
Grouped
by
Day
of
the
Week
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
22
Table
15A­
6.
Weighted
Mean
Hours
Per
Week
by
Gender:
87
Activities
and
10
Subtotals
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
24
Table
15A­
7.
Ranking
of
Occupations
by
Median
Years
of
Occupational
Tenure
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15A­
27
Table
15B­
1.
Annual
Geographical
Mobility
Rates,
by
Type
of
Movement
for
Selected
1­
Year
Periods:
1960­
1992
(
numbers
in
thousands)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15B­
3
Table
15B­
2.
Mobility
of
the
Resident
Population
by
State:
1980
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15B­
4
Table
16­
1.
Consumer
Products
Found
in
the
Typical
U.
S.
Household
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
7
Table
16­
2.
Frequency
of
Use
for
Household
Solvent
Products
(
users­
only)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
10
Table
16­
3.
Exposure
Time
of
Use
for
Household
Solvent
Products
(
users­
only)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
11
Table
16­
4.
Amount
of
Products
Used
for
Household
Solvent
Products
(
users­
only)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
12
Table
16­
5.
Time
Exposed
After
Duration
of
Use
for
Household
Solvent
Products
(
users­
only)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
13
Table
16­
6.
Frequency
of
Use
and
Amount
of
Product
Used
for
Adhesive
Removers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
14
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxix
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
16­
7.
Adhesive
Remover
Usage
by
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
14
Table
16­
8.
Frequency
of
Use
and
Amount
of
Product
Used
for
Spray
Paint
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
15
Table
16­
9.
Spray
Paint
Usage
by
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
15
Table
16­
10.
Frequency
of
Use
and
Amount
of
Product
Used
for
Paint
Removers/
Strippers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
16
Table
16­
11.
Paint
Stripper
Usage
by
Gender
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
16
Table
16­
12.
Total
Exposure
Time
of
Performing
Task
and
Product
Type
Used
by
Task
for
Household
Cleaning
Products
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
17
Table
16­
13.
Percentile
Rankings
for
Total
Exposure
Time
in
Performing
Household
Tasks
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
19
Table
16­
14.
Mean
Percentile
Rankings
for
Frequency
of
Performing
Household
Tasks
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
20
Table
16­
15.
Mean
and
Percentile
Rankings
for
Exposure
Time
Per
Event
of
Performing
Household
Tasks
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
21
Table
16­
16.
Total
Exposure
Time
for
Ten
Product
Groups
Most
Frequently
Used
for
Household
Cleaning
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
21
Table
16­
17.
Total
Exposure
Time
of
Painting
Activity
of
Interior
Painters
(
hours)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
22
Table
16­
18.
Exposure
Time
of
Interior
Painting
Activity/
Occasion
(
hours)
and
Frequency
of
Occasions
Spent
Painting
Per
Year
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
22
Table
16­
19.
Amount
of
Paint
Used
by
Interior
Painters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
22
Table
16­
20.
Number
of
Respondents
Using
Cologne,
Perfume,
Aftershave
or
Other
Fragrances
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
23
Table
16­
21.
Number
of
Respondents
Using
Any
Aerosol
Spray
Product
for
Personal
Care
Item
Such
as
Deodorant
or
Hair
Spray
at
Specified
Daily
Frequencies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
24
Table
16­
22.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Being
Near
Freshly
Applied
Paints
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
25
Table
16­
23.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Near
Household
Cleaning
Agents
Such
as
Scouring
Powders
or
Ammonia
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
26
Table
16­
24.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
(
at
home
or
elsewhere)
Working
with
or
Near
Floorwax,
Furniture
Wax
or
Shoe
Polish
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
27
Table
16­
25.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Being
Near
Glue
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
28
Table
16­
26.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Near
Solvents,
Fumes
or
Strong
Smelling
Chemicals
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
29
Table
16­
27.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Near
Stain
or
Spot
Removers
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
30
Table
16­
28.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Near
Gasoline
or
Diesel­
powered
Equipment,
Besides
Automobiles
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
31
Table
16­
29.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
Using
Any
Microwave
Oven
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
32
Table
16­
30.
Number
of
Respondents
Using
a
Humidifier
at
Home
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
33
Table
16­
31.
Number
of
Respondents
Indicating
that
Pesticides
Were
Applied
by
the
Professional
at
Home
to
Eradicate
Insects,
Rodents,
or
Other
Pests
at
Specified
Frequencies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
34
Table
16­
32.
Number
of
Respondents
Reporting
Pesticides
Applied
by
the
Consumer
at
Home
to
Eradicate
Insects,
Rodents,
or
Other
Pests
at
Specified
Frequencies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
35
Table
16­
33.
Number
of
Minutes
Spent
in
Activities
Working
with
or
Near
Pesticides,
Including
Bug
Sprays
or
Bug
Strips
(
minutes/
day)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
36
Table
16­
34.
Amount
and
Frequency
of
Use
of
Various
Cosmetic
and
Baby
Products
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
37
Table
16­
35.
Summary
of
Consumer
Products
Use
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16­
40
Table
16A­
1.
Volumes
Included
in
1992
Simmons
Study
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16A­
3
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxx
August
1997
LIST
OF
TABLES
(
continued)
Page
No.

Table
17­
1.
Summary
of
Residential
Volume
Distributions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
3
Table
17­
2.
Average
Estimated
Volumes
of
U.
S.
Residences,
by
Housing
Type
and
Ownership
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
4
Table
17­
3.
Residential
Volumes
in
Relation
to
Household
Size
and
Year
of
Construction
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
4
Table
17­
4.
Dimensional
Quantities
for
Residential
Rooms
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
5
Table
17­
5.
Examples
of
Products
and
Materials
Associated
with
Floor
and
Wall
Surfaces
in
Residences
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
6
Table
17­
6.
Percent
of
Residences
with
Basement,
by
Census
Region
and
EPA
Region
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
8
Table
17­
7.
Percent
of
Residences
with
Certain
Foundation
Types
by
Census
Region
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
9
Table
17­
8.
States
Associated
with
EPA
Regions
and
Census
Regions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
9
Table
17­
9.
Summary
of
Major
Projects
Providing
Air
Exchange
Measurements
in
the
PFT
Database
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
11
Table
17­
10.
Summary
Statistics
for
Air
Exchange
Rates
(
air
changes
per
hour­
ACH),
by
Region
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
12
Table
17­
11.
Distributions
of
Residential
Air
Exchange
Rates
by
Climate
Region
and
Season
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
13
Table
17­
12.
Deposition
Rates
for
Indoor
Particles
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
15
Table
17­
13.
Particle
Deposition
During
Normal
Activities
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
15
Table
17­
14.
In­
house
Water
Use
Rates
(
gcd),
by
Study
and
Type
of
Use
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
17
Table
17­
15.
Summary
of
Selected
HUD
and
Power
Authority
Water
Use
Studies
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
17
Table
17­
16.
Showering
and
Bathing
Water
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
18
Table
17­
17.
Showering
Characteristics
for
Various
Types
of
Shower
Heads
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
18
Table
17­
18.
Toilet
Water
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
18
Table
17­
19.
Toilet
Frequency
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
18
Table
17­
20.
Dishwasher
Frequency
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
18
Table
17­
21.
Dishwasher
Water
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
19
Table
17­
22.
Clothes
Washer
Frequency
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
19
Table
17­
23.
Clothes
Washer
Water
Use
Characteristics
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
19
Table
17­
24.
Range
of
Water
Uses
for
Clothes
Washers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
19
Table
17­
25.
Total
Dust
Loading
for
Carpeted
Areas
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
19
Table
17­
26.
Particle
Deposition
and
Resuspension
During
Normal
Activities
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
20
Table
17­
27.
Dust
Mass
Loading
After
One
Week
Without
Vacuum
Cleaning
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
20
Table
17­
28.
Simplified
Source
Descriptions
for
Airborne
Contaminants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
21
Table
17­
29.
Volume
of
Residence
Surveys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
29
Table
17­
30.
Air
Exchange
Rates
Surveys
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
29
Table
17­
31.
Recommendations
­
Residential
Parameters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
30
Table
17­
32.
Confidence
in
House
Volume
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
30
Table
17­
33.
Confidence
in
Air
Exchange
Rate
Recommendations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
31
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxxi
LIST
OF
FIGURES
Page
No.

VOLUME
III
Figure
15­
1.
Distribution
of
Individuals
Moving
by
Type
of
Move:
1991­
92
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15­
14
Figure
17­
1.
Elements
of
Residential
Exposure
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
1
Figure
17­
2.
Cumulative
Frequency
Distributions
for
Residential
Volumes
from
the
PFT
Data
Base
and
the
U.
S.
DOE's
RECs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
3
Figure
17­
3.
Configuration
for
Residential
Forced­
air
Systems
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
7
Figure
17­
4.
Idealized
Patterns
of
Particle
Deposition
Indoors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
14
Figure
17­
5.
Air
Flows
for
Multiple­
zone
Systems
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17­
16
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxxii
August
1997
PREFACE
The
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
(
NCEA)
of
EPA's
Office
of
Research
and
Development
(
ORD)
has
prepared
this
handbook
to
address
factors
commonly
used
in
exposure
assessments.
This
handbook
was
first
published
in
1989
in
response
to
requests
from
many
EPA
Program
and
Regional
offices
for
additional
guidance
on
how
to
select
values
for
exposure
factors.

Several
events
sparked
the
efforts
to
revise
the
Exposure
Factors
Handbook.
First,
since
its
publication
in
1989,
new
data
have
become
available.
Second,
the
Risk
Assessment
Council
issued
a
memorandum
titled,
"
Guidance
on
Risk
Characterization
for
Risk
Managers
and
Risk
Assessors,"
dated
February
26,
1992,
which
emphasized
the
use
of
multiple
descriptors
of
risk
(
i.
e.,
measures
of
central
tendency
such
as
average
or
mean,
or
high
end),
and
characterization
of
individual
risk,
population
risk,
important
subpopulations.
A
new
document
was
issued
titled
"
Guidance
for
Risk
Characterization,"
dated
February
1995.
This
document
is
an
update
of
the
guidance
issued
with
the
1992
policy.
Third,
EPA
published
the
revised
Guidelines
for
Exposure
Assessment
in
1992.

As
part
of
the
efforts
to
revise
the
handbook,
the
EPA
Risk
Assessment
Forum
sponsored
a
two­
day
peer
involvement
workshop
which
was
conducted
during
the
summer
of
1993.
The
workshop
was
attended
by
57
scientists
from
academia,
consulting
firms,
private
industry,
the
States,
and
other
Federal
agencies.
The
purpose
of
the
workshop
was
to
identify
new
data
sources,
to
discuss
adequacy
of
the
data
and
the
feasibility
of
developing
statistical
distributions
and
to
establish
priorities.

As
a
result
of
the
peer
involvement
workshop,
three
new
chapters
were
added
to
the
handbook.

These
chapters
are:
Consumer
Product
Use,
Residential
Building
Characteristics,
and
Intake
of
Grains.
This
document
also
provides
a
summary
of
the
available
data
on
consumption
of
drinking
water;
consumption
of
fruits,
vegetables,
beef,

dairy
products,
grain
products,
and
fish;
breast
milk
intake;
soil
ingestion;
inhalation
rates;
skin
surface
area;
soil
adherence;
lifetime;
activity
patterns;
and
body
weight.

A
new
draft
handbook
that
incorporated
comments
from
the
1993
workshop
was
published
for
peer
review
in
June
1995.
A
peer
review
workshop
was
held
in
July
1995
to
discuss
comments
on
the
draft
handbook.

A
new
draft
of
the
handbook
that
addressed
comments
from
the
1995
peer
review
workshop
was
submitted
to
the
Science
Advisory
Board
(
SAB)
for
review
in
August
1996.
An
SAB
workshop
meeting
was
held
December
19­
20,

1996,
to
discuss
the
comments
of
the
SAB
reviewers.
Comments
from
the
SAB
review
have
been
incorporated
into
the
current
handbook.
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxxiii
FOREWORD
The
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
(
NCEA)
of
EPA's
Office
of
Research
and
Development
(
ORD)
has
five
main
functions:
(
1)
providing
risk
assessment
research,
methods,
and
guidelines;
(
2)
performing
health
and
ecological
assessments;
(
3)
developing,
maintaining,
and
transferring
risk
assessment
information
and
training;

(
4)
helping
ORD
set
research
priorities;
and
(
5)
developing
and
maintaining
resource
support
systems
for
NCEA.
The
activities
under
each
of
these
functions
are
supported
by
and
respond
to
the
needs
of
the
various
program
offices.
In
relation
to
the
first
function,
NCEA
sponsors
projects
aimed
at
developing
or
refining
techniques
used
in
exposure
assessments.

This
handbook
was
first
published
in
1989
to
provide
statistical
data
on
the
various
factors
used
in
assessing
exposure.
This
revised
version
of
the
handbook
provides
the
up­
to­
date
data
on
these
exposure
factors.
The
recommended
values
are
based
solely
on
our
interpretations
of
the
available
data.
In
many
situations
different
values
may
be
appropriate
to
use
in
consideration
of
policy,
precedent
or
other
factors.

Michael
A.
Callahan
Director
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
Washington
Office
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxxiv
August
1997
AUTHORS,
CONTRIBUTORS,
AND
REVIEWERS
The
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
(
NCEA),
Office
of
Research
and
Development
was
responsible
for
the
preparation
of
this
handbook.
The
original
document
was
prepared
by
Versar
Inc.
under
EPA
Contract
No.
68­
02­
4254,
Work
Assignment
No.
189.
John
Schaum,
of
NCEA­
Washington
Office,
served
as
the
EPA
Work
Assignment
Manager,
providing
overall
direction
and
coordination
of
the
production
effort
as
well
as
technical
assistance
and
guidance.
Revisions,
updates,
and
additional
preparation
were
provided
by
Versar
Inc.
under
Contract
Numbers
68­
D0­
0101,
68­
D3­
0013,
and
68­
D5­
0051.
Russell
Kinerson
and
Greg
Kew
have
served
as
EPA
Work
Assignment
Managers
during
previous
efforts
of
the
update
process.
Jackie
Moya
served
as
Work
Assignment
Manager
for
the
current
updated
version,
providing
overall
direction,
technical
assistance,
and
serving
as
contributing
author.

AUTHORS
DESKTOP
PUBLISHING
GRAPHICS
Patricia
Wood
Susan
Perry
Kathy
Bowles
Linda
Phillips
Jennifer
Baker
Aderonke
Adenuga
WORD
PROCESSING
Mike
Koontz
Harry
Rector
Valerie
Schwartz
Charles
Wilkes
Maggie
Wilson
Exposure
Assessment
Division
Versar
Inc.
Springfield,
VA
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxxv
CONTRIBUTORS
AND
REVIEWERS
The
following
EPA
individuals
have
reviewed
and/
or
have
been
contributing
authors
of
this
document.

Michael
Dellarco
Paul
Pinsky
Robert
McGaughy
John
Schaum
Amy
Mills
Paul
White
Jacqueline
Moya
Amina
Wilkins
Susan
Perlin
Chieh
Wu
The
following
individuals
were
Science
Advisory
Board
Reviewers:

Members
Dr.
Joan
Daisey
Dr.
Paul
Lioy
Lawrence
Berkley
Laboratory
Environmental
Occupational
Health
Berkley,
California
Sciences
Institute
Dr.
Paul
Bailey
Mobil
Business
Resources
Corporation
Dr.
Maria
Morandi
Paulsboro,
New
Jersey
University
of
Texas
School
of
Public
Health
Dr.
Robert
Hazen
State
of
New
Jersey
Department
of
Dr.
Jonathan
M.
Samet
Environmental
Protection
and
Energy
The
Johns
Hopkins
University
Trenton,
New
Jersey
Baltimore,
Maryland
Dr.
Timothy
Larson
Mr.
Ron
White
Department
of
Civil
Engineering
American
Lung
Association
University
of
Washington
Washington,
D.
C.
Seattle,
Washington
Dr.
Kai­
Shen
Liu
California
Environmental
Protection
Agency
California
Department
of
Health
Services
Berkeley,
California
Berkeley,
California
Piscataway,
New
Jersey
Houston,
Texas
Dr.
Lauren
Zeise
Federal
Experts
Dr.
Richard
Ellis
Ms.
Alanna
J.
Moshfegh
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
Washington,
D.
C.
Washington,
D.
C.
Page
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
xxxvi
August
1997
An
earlier
draft
of
this
document
was
peer
reviewed
by
a
panel
of
experts
at
a
peer­
review
workshop
held
in
1995.
Members
of
the
Peer
Review
Panel
were
as
follows:

Edward
Avol
Dennis
Jones
Department
of
Preventive
Medicine
Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
&
Disease
Registry
School
of
Medicine
University
of
Southern
California
John
Kissel
James
Axley
School
of
Public
Health
&
Community
Medicine
School
of
Architecture
Yale
University
Neil
Klepeis
David
Burmaster
Alceon
Corporation
Andrew
Persily
National
Institute
of
Standards
&
Technologies
Steven
Colome
Integrated
Environmental
Services
Barbara
Petersen
Technical
Assessment
Systems,
Inc.
Michael
DiNovi
Chemistry
Review
Branch
Thomas
Phillips
U.
S.
Food
&
Drug
Administration
Research
Division
Dennis
Druck
Environmental
Scientist
Paul
Price
Center
of
Health
Promotion
&
Preventive
ChemRisk
Medicine
U.
S.
Army
John
Risher
J.
Mark
Fly
The
Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
&
Disease
Registry
Department
of
Forestry,
Wildlife,
&
Fisheries
John
Robinson
University
of
Tennessee
University
of
Maryland
Larry
Gephart
Peter
Robinson
Exxon
Biomedical
Sciences,
Inc.
The
Proctor
&
Gamble
Company
Patricia
Guenther
P.
Barry
Ryan
Beltsville
Human
Nutrition
Research
Center
Department
of
Environmental
&
Occupational
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
Health
P.
J.
(
Bert)
Hakkinen
Emory
University
Paper
Product
Development
&
Paper
Technology
Divisions
Val
Schaeffer
The
Proctor
&
Gamble
Company
U.
S.
Consumer
Product
Safety
Commission
Mary
Hama
Brad
Shurdut
Beltsville
Human
Nutrition
Research
Center
DowElanco
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
Department
of
Environmental
Health
Information
Systems
&
Services,
Inc.

California
Air
Resources
Board
Division
of
Toxicology
Rollins
School
of
Public
Health
John
Talbott
Exposure
Factors
Handbook
Page
August
1997
xxxvii
U.
S.
Department
of
Energy
Frances
Vecchio
Beltsville
Human
Nutrition
Research
Center
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
The
following
individuals
within
EPA
have
reviewed
an
earlier
draft
of
this
document
and
provided
valuable
comments:

OFFICE
REVIEWERS/
CONTRIBUTORS
Office
of
Research
and
Development
Maurice
Berry
Jerry
Blancato
Elizabeth
Bryan
Curtis
Dary
Stan
Durkee
Manuel
Gomez
Wayne
Marchant
Sue
Perlin
James
Quanckenboss
Glen
Rice
Lance
Wallace
Office
of
Emergency
and
Remedial
Response
Jim
Konz
Office
of
Pollution,
Pesticides
and
Toxic
Pat
Kennedy
Substances
Cathy
Fehrenbacker
Office
of
Water
Denis
Borum
Helen
Jacobs
Office
of
Air
Quality
Planning
and
Standards
Warren
Peters
EPA
Regions
Steve
Ehlers
­
Reg.
VI
Maria
Martinez
­
Reg.
VI
Mike
Morton
­
Reg.
VI
Jeffrey
Yurk
­
Reg.
VI
Youngmoo
Kim
­
Reg.
VI
In
addition,
the
National
Exposure
Research
Laboratory
(
NERL)
of
the
Office
of
Research
and
Development
of
EPA
made
an
important
contribution
to
this
handbook
by
conducting
additional
analyses
of
the
National
Human
Activity
Pattern
Survey
(
NHAPS)
data.
EPA
input
to
the
NHAPS
data
analysis
came
from
Karen
A.
Hammerstrom
and
Jacqueline
Moya
from
NCEA­
Washington
Office;
William
C.
Nelson
from
NERL­
RTP,
and
Stephen
C.
Hern,
Joseph
V.
Behar
(
retired),
and
William
H.
Englemann
from
NERL­
Las
Vegas.

The
EPA
Office
of
Water
made
an
important
contribution
by
conducting
an
analysis
of
the
USDA
Continuing
Survey
of
Food
Intakes
by
Individual
(
CSFII)
data.
They
provided
fish
intake
rates
for
the
general
population.
The
analysis
was
conducted
under
the
direction
of
Helen
Jacobs
from
the
Office
of
Water.