Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0006-0006
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2005-03-31T05:00Z

1
PART
A
OF
THE
SUPPORTING
STATEMENT
1
IDENTIFICATION
OF
THE
INFORMATION
COLLECTION
1(
a)
Title
of
the
Information
Collection
The
collection
is
entitled:

Highway
Vehicle
Activity
and
Emissions
(
Renewal)

1(
b)
Short
Characterization/
Abstract
EPA
is
initiating
a
data
collection
to
target
two
research
objectives
related
to
emissions
inventory
estimation
for
highway
vehicles.
The
first
is
to
examine
differences
in
vehicle
speed
among
differing
vehicle
types
and
road
types.
The
second
is
to
measure
emission
rates
for
samples
of
vehicles
stratified
by
year
of
manufacture
and
regulatory
class.
Data
to
be
collected
include
"
in­
use"
or
"
real
world"
vehicle
speed
and
emission
rates.

The
collection
is
a
survey,
to
be
conducted
by
the
Office
of
Transportation
and
Air
Quality
(
OTAQ)
in
the
Office
of
Air
and
Radiation
(
OAR).
Development
of
rapid
in­
use
instrumentation
promises
to
substantially
reduce
the
cost
of
emissions
measurement
for
highway
vehicles.
This
study
will
combine
rapid
in­
use
measurement
capability
with
statistical
survey
design
to
contribute
to
the
development
of
usage
and
emission
rates
for
the
EPA
Motor
Vehicle
Emissions
Simulator
(
MOVES)
model.
Response
to
the
survey
is
voluntary.

The
target
population
is
highway
vehicles
registered
in
the
study
area.
EPA
shall
recruit
vehicles
from
State
registration
databases
and
from
regional
or
state
Inspection
and
Maintenance
Programs
(
I/
M).

Emissions
and
usage
will
be
measured
using
portable
on­
board
electronic
instrumentation.
Emissions
instrumentation
will
measure
carbon
dioxide
(
CO2)
and
several
air
pollutants
with
one
second
resolution
during
normal
operation
over
a
period
of
one
to
three
days.
Air
pollutants
to
be
measured
include,
but
are
not
limited
to,
carbon
monoxide
(
CO),
total
hydrocarbons
(
THC),
and
oxides
of
nitrogen
(
NOx).
The
usage
instrument
will
measure
with
one
second
resolution
engine
on/
off,
vehicle
speed,
and
vehicle
location
over
a
period
of
approximately
one
month.

Data
will
be
collected
during
normal
operation.
Following
quality­
assurance
and
analysis,
the
data
will
be
stored
in
OTAQ=
s
Mobile
Source
Observation
Database.
The
information
collection
will
involve
1,285
respondents,
requiring
1,327
hours
at
a
total
cost
to
those
respondents
of
$
35,672.
For
the
agency,
the
collection
will
require
26,327
hours
at
a
total
cost
to
the
agency
of
$
1,532,629.

2
NEED
FOR
AND
USE
OF
THE
COLLECTION
2(
a)
Need/
Authority
for
the
Collection
In
response
to
a
request
from
Congress,
the
National
Research
Council
of
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences
established
the
Committee
to
Review
EPA=
s
Mobile
Source
Emissions
Factor
2
(
MOBILE)
Model.
The
Committee
was
charged
to
evaluate
the
MOBILE
model
and
to
develop
recommendations
for
its
improvement.
The
Committee
recommended
that
EPA
develop
a
program
to
enable
more
accurate
determination
of
in­
use
emissions,
using
Areal­
world@
approaches
such
as
direct
emissions
monitoring
systems.
The
goal
of
this
collection
is
to
address
this
recommendation.

In
2000,
EPA
developed
initial
plans
for
data
collections
to
address
these
recommendations
and
submitted
an
associated
ICR
to
OMB
(
OMB
Control
No.
2060­
0078
(
Agency
Form
No.
0619.09)).
The
plan
included
components
for
both
on­
highway
vehicles
and
nonroad
equipment,
and
was
framed
as
an
amendment
to
a
then­
approved
ICR.
However,
in
October
2001,
EPA
withdrew
the
proposed
ICR
amendment,
and
has
since
worked
to
develop
separate
plans
for
onhighway
vehicles
and
nonroad
equipment.

In
2003
a
renewal
of
the
highway
ICR
was
submitted
to
OMB
(
OMB
Control
No.
2060­
0078,
Agency
Form
No.
0619.10)
for
review,
but
OMB
requested
that
EPA
withdraw
that
ICR
and
granted
a
temporary
extension
of
ICR
2060­
0078
(
Agency
Form
No.
0619.08).
Its
terms
of
clearance
are
found
in
Appendix
A­
1.

Legislative
Basis.
The
legislative
basis
for
this
data
collection
is
Section
103(
a)(
1)(
2)(
3)
of
the
Clean
Air
Act,
which
requires
the
Administrator
to:

Aconduct
...
research,
investigations,
experiments,
demonstrations,
surveys,
and
studies
relating
to
the
causes,
effects,
extent,
prevention,
and
control
of
air
pollution,@
Acooperate
with
...
pollution
control
agencies
and
other
appropriate
public
or
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations,
and
individuals
in
the
conduct
of
such
activities,@
and
Aconduct
investigations
and
research
and
make
surveys
concerning
any
specific
problem
of
air
pollution
in
cooperation
with
any
air
pollution
control
agency
...@

In
addition,
Section
103(
b)(
1)
of
the
Clean
Air
Act
authorizes
the
Administrator
to:

Acollect
and
make
available,
through
publications
and
other
appropriate
means,
the
results
of
and
other
information,
including
appropriate
recommendations
by
him
in
connection
therewith,
pertaining
to
such
research
and
other
activities.@

Copies
of
the
relevant
sections
are
provided
in
Appendix
A.
2.

2(
b)
Practical
Utility/
Users
of
the
Data
The
principal
users
of
the
data
will
be
EPA
technical
staff
responsible
for
developing
mobile
source
emission
models,
including
MOBILE6
and
the
Motor
Vehicle
Emission
Simulator
(
MOVES).
MOVES
is
being
developed
to
replace
MOBILE6.
Federal,
State,
and
local
government
agencies,
academic
institutions,
commercial
entities,
and
private
citizens
who
are
responsible
for
or
interested
in
identifying
highway
vehicle
contributions
to
current
and
future
inventories
of
air
pollutants
use
these
models
in
their
daily
work.

National
air
quality
policy­
makers
need
to
assess
current
and
future
trends
in
the
attainment
of
National
Ambient
Air
Quality
Standards.
These
assessments
are
the
basis
of
discussions
of
air
quality
strategy
within
both
the
executive
and
legislative
branches
of
the
Federal
3
government,
the
states,
regional
air
quality
authorities,
local
governments,
and
other
organizations.
The
assessments
rely
on
results
from
models
such
as
MOVES.

State
and
local
government
bodies
are
responsible
for
the
development
of
State
Implementation
Plans
aimed
at
assuring
that
national
ambient
air
quality
goals
are
met.
These
plans
typically
incorporate
a
mixture
of
mobile
source
and
stationary
source
compliance
measures
designed
to
assure
that
air
quality
standards
are
attained
and
maintained
into
the
future.
Examples
of
local
policies
and
programs
include
public
transportation
subsidies,
special
fuel
programs,
traffic
mitigation,
and
motor
vehicle
inspection
and
maintenance
(
I/
M)
programs.

Specific
analyses
to
be
performed
are
described
in
Part
B
of
this
Supporting
Statement,
in
sections
2(
b)(
ii),
ASample
Sizes,@
and
in
Section
5(
b),
AData
Analysis.@

3
NONDUPLICATION,
CONSULTATIONS,
AND
OTHER
COLLECTION
CRITERIA
3(
a)
Nonduplication
EPA
actively
seeks
alternative
sources
of
emission
and
activity
data
from
a
variety
of
sources
to
produce
the
MOVES
model.
Those
data
sources
are
described
in
the
MOVES
documentation.

3(
a)(
i)
Activity
Data
Activity
inputs
developed
for
use
MOVES
comes
from
the
following
sources:

 
VIUS97:
Every
five
years
the
U.
S.
Census
Bureau
conducts
the
Vehicle
Inventory
and
Use
Survey
(
VIUS)
to
collect
data
on
the
physical
characteristics
and
activity
of
U.
S.
trucks.
The
1997
survey
is
a
sample
of
private
and
commercial
trucks
that
were
registered
in
the
U.
S.
on
July
1,
1997.
The
survey
excludes
automobiles,
motorcycles,
government­
owed
vehicles,
ambulances,
buses,
motor
homes
and
nonroad
equipment.
For
MOVES,
VIUS97
provides
information
to
characterize
trucks
by
source
type
and
to
estimate
age
distributions.
It
does
not
include
emission
data.

 
Polk
NVPP
®
and
TIP
®
:
R.
L.
Polk
&
Co.
is
a
private
company
providing
automotive
information
services.
The
company
maintains
two
databases
relevant
for
MOVES:
the
National
Vehicle
Population
Profile
(
NVPP
®
)
and
the
Trucking
Industry
Profile
(
TIP
®
Net)
Vehicles
in
Operation
database.
The
first
focuses
on
light­
duty
cars
and
trucks,
the
second
focuses
on
medium
and
heavy­
duty
trucks.
Both
compile
data
from
state
vehicle
registration
lists.
For
MOVES2004,
EPA
is
using
the
1999
NVPP
®
and
TIP
®
.

 
FHWA
Highway
Statistics:
Each
year
the
Federal
Highway
Administration's
(
FHWA)
Office
of
Highway
Policy
Information
publishes
Highway
Statistics.
This
volume
summarizes
a
vast
amount
of
roadway
and
vehicle
data
from
the
states
and
other
sources.
For
MOVES,
data
on
vehicle
registrations
and
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
are
used.

 
FTA
National
Transit
Database:
The
Federal
Transit
Administration
(
FTA)
summarizes
financial
and
operating
data
from
U.
S.
mass
transit
agencies
in
the
National
Transit
Database
(
NTD).
For
MOVES2004,
EPA
used
1999
data
from
the
report,
"
Age
Distribution
of
Active
Revenue
Vehicle
Inventory:
Details
by
Transit
Agency."
4
 
School
Bus
Fleet
Fact
Book:
The
School
Bus
Fleet
1999
Fact
Book
includes
estimates,
by
state,
of
number
of
school
buses
and
total
miles
traveled.
The
Fact
Book
is
published
by
Bobit
Publications.

 
MOBILE6:
In
some
cases,
we
have
been
able
to
use
data
from
MOBILE6
with
only
minor
adaptation.
The
MOBILE6
data
is
documented
in
technical
reports,
particularly
M6.
FLT.
002
"
Update
of
Fleet
Characterization
Data
for
Use
in
MOBILE6
­
Final
Report."
Additional
MOBILE6
documentation
is
available
on
the
web
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
otaq/
m6.
htm
 
Annual
Energy
Outlook
&
National
Energy
Modeling
System:
The
Annual
Energy
Outlook
(
AEO)
describes
Department
of
Energy
forecasts
for
future
energy
consumption.
The
National
Energy
Modeling
System
(
NEMS)
is
used
to
generate
these
projections
based
on
economic
and
demographic
projections.
We
used
AEO2004
to
forecast
VMT
growth
and
vehicle
sales
growth.

 
Transportation
Energy
Data
Book:
Each
year,
Oak
Ridge
National
Laboratory
produces
the
DOE
Transportation
Energy
Data
Book
(
TEDB).
This
book
summarizes
transportation
and
energy
data
from
a
variety
of
sources.
For
MOVES2004,
we
relied
on
Edition
22,
published
in
September
2002
and
Edition
23,
published
in
October
2003.

 
Oak
Ridge
National
Laboratory
Light­
duty
Vehicle
Database:
Oak
Ridge
National
Laboratory
Center
for
Transportation
Analysis
has
compiled
a
database
of
light­
duty
vehicle
information
which
combines
EPA
Test
vehicle
data
and
Ward's
Automotive,
Inc.
data
spanning
1976
 
2001.
EPA
used
this
database
to
determine
weight
distributions
for
light
trucks
by
model
year.

In
2002
EPA
contracted
with
Eastern
Research
Group
to
identify
suitable
data
sources
available
to
create
a
data
set
for
MOVES.
The
data
identified
were
then
acquired,
qualityassured
evaluated
for
appropriateness,
and
incorporated
into
the
initial
draft
model.
In
general,
the
data
collected
were
useful
and
partially
addressed
some
data
deficiencies
for
heavy
duty
vehicle
emissions
rates.
The
data,
however,
do
not
have
the
coverage
required
to
capture
the
national
vehicle
fleet
in
the
following
areas.

 
most
of
the
data
are
from
several
I/
M
areas
using
local
I/
M
tests.
These
tests
are
of
limited
use
and
quality.
The
data
is
limited
to
light­
duty
vehicles
measured
over
a
fairly
moderate
and
restricted
driving
cycle.

 
I/
M
programs
are
designed
to
improve
fleet
emissions
in
the
coverage
area.
Therefore
vehicles
subject
to
I/
M
testing
may
have
different
emission
patterns
than
similar
vehicles
in
non­
I/
M
areas.

 
The
number
of
studies
or
programs
using
multiple
driving
cycles
in
their
testing
was
small.
The
more
varied
the
drive
cycles
a
vehicle
is
exercised
against
the
more
likely
that
its
full
range
of
emission
rates
will
be
captured
.
5
 
Drive­
cycle
specific
data
in
the
data
collection
was
from
the
measurement
of
vehicles
certified
to
California
standards
on
California
fuels
used
in
California.
Thus,
the
data
collected
in
these
programs
is
of
limited
application
to
the
national
fleet.

 
A
major
source
for
vehicle
in­
use
emission
and
activity
data
is
the
Coordinating
Research
Council
(
CRC)
Real­
World
Highway
program.
This
industry
organization
sponsors
emissions
measurement
programs.
Much
data
from
CRC­
sponsored
programs
have
been
incorporated
into
MOVES.
EPA
is
currently
partnering
with
CRC
to
develop
and
manage
test
programs
as
they
apply
to
current
and
future
EPA
emission
data
needs.

Similar
information
is
collected
in
the
Recall
program
also
conducted
by
OTAQ.
However,
in
that
program,
data
are
collected
only
from
properly
maintained
recent
model
year
vehicles
that
are
likely
to
be
still
under
warranty
and
are
not
meant
to
be
representative
of
the
vehicle
fleet.
The
program's
intent
is
to
enforce
the
Federal
vehicle
emission
standards.
The
testing
is
generally
confined
to
the
Federal
Test
Procedure
used
for
the
certification
of
new
vehicles
and
engines.
No
other
test
cycles
are
performed
and
there
no
continuous
"
second­
bysecond
emission
data
is
collected.

The
California
Air
Resources
Board
(
ARB)
conducts
an
emission
test
program
similar
in
some
respects
to
this
data
collection.
While
EPA
accepts
the
ARB
data
as
representative
of
California
vehicles,
they
are
not
indicative
of
fuels
and
vehicles
in
the
other
49
states.
The
ARB
data
is
also
limited
to
emission
data
collected
in
laboratory
settings.
It
is
not
sampled
from
real
world
vehicle
activity
and
most
of
it
is
not
second­
by­
second
data.

3(
b)
Public
Notice
Required
Prior
to
ICR
Submission
to
OMB
The
initial
announcement
of
the
public
comment
period
for
the
preceding
version
this
ICR
was
placed
in
the
Federal
Register
on
Friday,
January
24,
2003.
One
comment
was
received,
a
request
for
general
information
which
was
addressed
immediately.
A
second
Federal
Register
announcement
was
published
on
Wednesday,
July
2,
2003
to
inform
the
public
that
the
supporting
documentation
is
ready
for
OMB
review.
That
version
of
the
ICR
was
withdrawn
in
favor
of
extending
the
preceding
ICR
and
upon
submission
of
this
new
version.
An
additional
Federal
Register
notice
shall
be
submitted
when
this
document
is
sent
to
OMB
for
review.

3(
c)
Consultations
Opportunity
for
the
public
comment
on
the
collection
of
data
for
EPA
vehicle
emissions
modeling
is
provided
during
public
workshops.
Workshops
are
held
periodically
to
present
results
of
EPA
analysis,
status
of
current
test
programs,
and
public
discussion
of
MOVES
model
issues.
A
list
of
previous
workshops
includes:

MOVES
Workshop
#
2
March
16,
2005
MOVES
Workshop
#
1
January
24,
2005
MOBILE6
Workshop
#
4
November
5­
7,
2002
6
Furthermore,
EPA
data
gathering
and
modeling
efforts
are
presented
at
the
annual
CRC
On­
Road
Vehicle
Emission
Workshop,
which
EPA
supports.

14th
­
March
29­
31,
2004
13th
­
April
7­
9,
2003
12th
­
April
15­
17,
2002
Following
an
ICR
submission
in
1993,
EPA
was
requested
by
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
to
conduct
research
to
measure
and
correct
any
biases
arising
from
selection
artifacts
from
lower
than
desirable
response
rates.
In
addition,
EPA
was
asked
to
examine
the
magnitude
of
the
effect
these
potential
biases
may
have
on
modeling
results.

One
approach
subsequently
adopted
as
an
attempt
to
improve
response
rates
was
to
recruit
vehicles
from
I/
M
lanes
instead
of
registration
lists.
The
rationale
for
the
approach
was
that
the
physical
presence
of
a
credentialed
EPA
representative
and
a
loaner
vehicle,
and
the
offer
to
pay
the
participant's
I/
M
test
fee
would
have
a
positive
effect
on
response
rates.
I/
M
based
recruitment
programs
were
in
Hammond,
IN
(
pre­
1996),
Dayton,
Ohio
(
1997­
98)
and
Mesa,
Arizona
(
1997­
2000).
The
new
recruitment
strategy
was
successful
in
achieved
an
increase
in
the
overall
participation
rate.

In
1998
Congress
asked
the
National
Research
Council
to
review
and
evaluate
MOBILE,
its
inputs,
assumptions,
structure,
and
predictive
accuracy.
The
review
resulted
in
the
report
"
Modeling
Mobile
Source
Emissions"
published
in
May,
2000.
Members
of
the
committee
made
the
following
recommendations;

1.
"
EPA
should
develop
a
program
to
enable
more
accurate
determination
of
in­
use
emissions"

2.
"
EPA
should
design
and
undertake
a
large­
scale
testing
program
that
will
better
assess
real­
world
emissions
from
heavy­
duty
vehicles."

3.
"
EPA
should
begin
a
substantial
research
effort
to
characterize
high
exhaust
and
evaporative
emitting
vehicles."

In
response
to
these
recommendations,
EPA
plans
to
adopt
the
following
measures:

1.
EPA
shall
use
more
rigorous
sampling
methodology
for
vehicle
recruitment
and
emissions
and
activity
measurement.
Programs
under
this
information
collection
shall
use
random
sample
based
stratified
by
like
emission
rates.
Furthermore,
emissions
will
be
measured
along
with
vehicle
activity
using
on­
board
instrumentation
during
normal
operation.
7
2.
The
above
approach
will
be
used
on
all
vehicle
classes
in
the
sample
frame
including
heavy­
duty
vehicles.

3.
EPA
plans
to
identify
and
recruit
"
high
emitting"
vehicles
at
I/
M
lanes.
Their
owners
along
with
owners
of
"
typical
emitting"
vehicles
shall
be
asked
to
participate
in
our
instrumented
vehicle
program.
Focused
recruitment
is
more
efficient
because
high
emitting
vehicles,
while
less
frequent,
have
emission
rates
that
are
more
variable
than
the
general
populations
and
have
greater
impact
on
the
inventory.
Obtaining
a
sufficient
sample
requires
that
vehicles
are
selected
are
pre­
screened
for
their
emission
rates.
A
state
I/
M
test
is
the
best
available
method
for
that
purpose.

3(
d)
Effects
of
Less
Frequent
Collection
For
each
respondent,
participation
in
the
survey
is
a
one­
time
event.
Thus,
periodic
reporting
is
not
requested
or
required.

3(
e)
General
Guidelines
Vehicle
owners
participating
in
this
collection
will
not
be
requested
to
plan,
generate,
or
retain
any
records
or
information.
Participation
in
the
program
by
each
owner
is
on
a
voluntary
basis.
Further,
this
information
collection
complies
with
the
guidelines
in
the
Paperwork
Reduction
Act
(
5
CFR
1320.5(
d)(
2)).
Specifically,
the
collection
does
not
require
the
respondents
to:

$
Report
information
to
EPA
more
often
than
quarterly;

$
Prepare
a
written
response
to
a
collection
in
fewer
than
30
days
after
receipt;

$
Submit
more
than
one
original
document;

$
Retain
any
records
for
more
than
three
years;

$
Participate
in
a
statistical
survey
that
is
not
designed
to
produce
data
that
can
be
generalized
to
the
universe
of
study;

$
Use
a
statistical
data
classification
that
has
not
been
reviewed
and
approved
by
OMB;
and
$
Submit
any
information
that
they
may
consider
to
be
confidential,
without
EPA
demonstrating
that
it
has
instituted
procedures
to
protect
the
information=
s
confidentiality
to
the
extent
permitted
by
law.

3(
f)
Confidentiality
Respondent
and
establishment
information
acquired
during
the
survey
includes
a
contact
name,
street
address,
and
phone
number
for
each
respondent,
which
will
be
acquired
primarily
from
the
sample
frames,
which
are
commercially
and
publicly
available
information
sources.
Contact
information
will
not
used
for
any
purpose
other
than
contacting
the
owner
to
solicit
or
clarify
responses
and
arrange
to
install
sampling
equipment.
This
information
will
not
be
stored
with
survey
results
in
the
database,
but
in
secured
files.
A
unique
respondent
ID
number
will
be
used
8
in
the
database,
with
the
link
to
the
personal
information
also
stored
in
secured
files.
Contractors
retained
to
conduct
interviews
and
data
collection
will
be
bound
by
confidentiality
clauses
that
hold
them
to
the
same
standards
to
be
followed
by
EPA
personnel.

Data
will
be
collected
under
a
pledge
of
confidentiality
for
exclusively
statistical
purposes,
as
defined
in
the
Confidential
Information
Protection
and
Statistical
Efficiency
Act
of
2002
(
CIPSEA).
Thus,
in
accordance
with
CIPSEA,
EPA
will
not
use
or
disclose
survey
results
in
identifiable
form
for
any
non­
statistical
purpose.

The
initial
letter
sent
to
private
respondents
will
include
the
following
pledge
of
confidentiality:

A
The
information
you
provide
will
be
used
for
statistical
purposes
only.
In
accordance
with
the
Confidential
Information
Protection
provisions
of
Title
5,
Subtitle
A,
Public
Law
107­
347
and
other
applicable
Federal
laws
your
responses
will
be
kept
confidential
and
will
not
be
disclosed
in
identifiable
form
to
anyone
other
than
employees
or
agents
without
your
consent.
By
law,
every
EPA
employee
as
well
as
every
agent,
such
as
interviewers
and
technicians,
is
subject
to
a
jail
term,
a
fine
or
both
if
he
or
she
discloses
ANY
identifiable
information
about
you.@

The
initial
letter
sent
to
commercial
respondents
will
include
the
following
pledge
of
confidentiality:

A
The
information
your
establishment
provides
will
be
used
for
statistical
purposes
only.
In
accordance
with
the
Confidential
Information
Protection
provisions
of
Title
5,
Subtitle
A,
Public
Law
107­
347
and
other
applicable
Federal
laws
your
responses
will
be
kept
confidential
and
will
not
be
disclosed
in
identifiable
form
to
anyone
other
than
employees
or
agents
without
your
consent.
By
law,
every
EPA
employee
as
well
as
every
agent,
such
as
interviewers
and
technicians,
is
subject
to
a
jail
term,
a
fine
or
both
if
he
or
she
discloses
ANY
identifiable
information
about
your
establishment.@

3(
g)
Sensitive
Questions
The
questionnaires
do
not
ask
any
sensitive
questions
pertaining
to
sexual
attitudes/
behavior
or
religious
beliefs.

4
THE
RESPONDENTS
AND
THE
INFORMATION
REQUESTED
4(
a)
Respondents/
NAICS
Codes
Respondents
to
the
data
collection
are
members
of
the
general
public
that
own
motor
vehicles.
While
some
businesses
may
be
asked
to
participate
because
they
own
selected
vehicles,
only
the
registered
owner
of
the
vehicle
or
their
representative
will
be
asked
to
respond
to
a
solicitation.
Because
the
frame
to
be
used
is
a
listing
of
vehicles
rather
than
households
or
commercial
establishments,
no
particular
population
groups
or
economic
sectors
are
to
be
targeted
as
such.

4(
b)
Information
Requested
4(
b)(
i)
Data
Items,
Including
Recordkeeping
Requirements
9
Reporting
Items.
All
items
that
respondents
will
be
requested
to
report
are
listed
and
described
in
Part
B,
Section
3,
AQuestionnaire
Development.@
The
survey
will
employ
three
instruments,
the
A
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire,
Respondent
Group
1:
Light
Duty
Vehicle
Owners
from
Registration
Lists,@
the
A
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire,
Respondent
Group
2:
Heavy
Duty
Vehicle
Owners
from
Registration
Lists,@
and
the
A
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire,
Respondent
Group
3:
Light
Duty
Vehicle
Owners
from
an
Inspection
and
Maintenance
Lane@
attached
to
the
Supporting
Statement
as
Appendices
B­
1,
B­
2
and
B­
3,
respectively.

Recordkeeping
Items.
This
collection
will
not
request
or
require
respondents
to
compile
or
maintain
any
records.

4(
b)(
ii)
Respondent
Activities
Activities
of
a
respondent
selected
by
vehicle
registration:

$
read
mailing
$
respond
by
phone
to
the
Vehicle
Owner's
Questionnaire,
arrange
for
installation
of
sampling
equipment,
and
receive
guidance
on
what
they
should
know
about
the
instrumentation
$
arrange
by
phone
at
a
place
and
time
of
their
convenience
to
remove
the
sampling
equipment
$
provide
technician
access
to
vehicle
for
removal
of
the
instrumentation
Activities
of
a
respondent
selected
at
an
I/
M
lane:

$
respond
in
person
to
Vehicle
Owner's
Questionnaire,
arrange
for
installation
of
sampling
equipment,
and
receive
any
instructions
or
guidance
from
the
installation
crew
$
arrange
by
phone
a
place
and
time
at
their
convenience
to
remove
the
instrumentation
$
provide
technician
access
to
vehicle
for
removal
of
the
instrumentation
In
this
collection,
the
degree
of
participation
will
differ
between
owners
recruited
at
an
I/
M
lane
and
those
from
vehicle
registration
lists.
The
survey
at
the
I/
M
lane
is
shorter
in
length
and
there
are
no
mailings
to
respondents.

5
THE
INFORMATION
COLLECTED
B
AGENCY
ACTIVITIES,
COLLECTION
METHODOLOGY,
AND
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
The
following
sections
describe
Agency
activities
related
to
survey
design,
oversight,
and
analysis,
maintenance
and
distribution
of
the
information
collected.
The
primary
activities
associated
with
the
actual
collection
of
information
will
be
performed
by
EPA
personnel
or
contractors
hired
by
the
Agency.

5(
a)
Agency
Activities
In
conduction
of
the
survey,
the
agency
will
perform
the
following
activities:

­

Conduct
Vehicle
Owners'
interviews
­

Quality­
assure
completed
interviews
10
­

Enter
interview
responses
into
computer
files
­

Load
interview
responses
into
computer
database
­

Conduct
emission
measurements
­

Meet
participant
at
their
location
of
convenience
­
Uninstall
instrumentation
­

Quality­
assure
electronic
emissions
and
activity
measurements
­

Load
emissions
and
activity
data
into
computer
database
­

Analyze
survey
results
The
Agency's
activities
differ
for
programs
using
vehicle
registration
lists
versus
the
I/
M
lane
for
vehicle
recruitment.
At
the
I/
M
lane
the
survey
is
done
face­
to­
face
whereas
using
a
registration
list
the
survey
is
preceded
by
a
mailing
to
the
respondent
followed
buy
a
phone
interview
to
conduct
the
survey
and
arrange
the
details
for
participation.

5(
b)
Collection
Methodology
and
Management
The
three
questionnaires
used
for
the
survey
are
similar
to
those
accepted
by
OMB
under
the
data
collection
is
entitled:
"
Populations,
Usage
and
Emissions
of
Diesel
Nonroad
Equipment
in
EPA
Region
7.
The
goal
of
the
questionnaires
is
to
determine
that
the
listed
owner
stilled
possesses
the
vehicle,
that
it
is
in
use,
that
it
is
capable
of
being
accurately
sampled
for
activity
and
emissions,
and
persuade
the
owner
to
participate
in
the
data
collection.
There
will
be
no
questions
concerning
patterns
of
use,
payloads,
or
fuel
selection.

The
respondents
covered
by
registration
list
will
be
mailed
a
post
card
to
indicate
that
we
are
interested
in
their
vehicles,
but
EPA
or
its
contractor
will
do
the
interviews
by
phone
at
the
time
of
initial
contact.
It
is
simpler
and
less
burdensome
to
simply
complete
the
interview
at
that
time.
Asking
respondents
to
respond
to
a
mail
or
internet
questionnaire
would
increase
burden.
Initial
contact
and
the
interview
of
the
respondent
will
be
done
in
person
and
at
the
same
time
for
recruitment
at
the
I/
M
lane.

Detailed
information
regarding
vehicle
condition
and
specifications
will
be
collected
through
direct
inspection
by
trained
technicians.
In
addition,
emissions
and
activity
data
will
be
collected
by
on­
board
electronic
instrumentation.
The
instrumentation
is
portable,
non­
intrusive
and
can
collect
data
for
periods
up
to
a
week
(
for
emissions),
or
up
to
several
months
(
for
usage)
with
minimal
maintenance.
The
instrumentation
is
described
further
in
Part
B,
Section
4(
a),
ACollection
Methods.@

The
location
for
the
installation
of
the
sampling
equipment
shall
typically
be
at
the
owner's
convenience
and
location.
This
arrangement
will
reduce
the
need
for
a
commute
on
the
part
of
the
owner
to
the
installation
site
site
which
would
add
to
the
respondent
burden
The
design
of
the
questionnaire,
the
interview
method,
and
the
instrument
installation
benefits
the
data
collection
in
two
ways.
First,
they
reduce
respondent
burden
in
that
there
will
not
be
any
questions
concerning
vehicle
usage
and
there
will
not
be
a
commute
to
an
installation
site
for
the
heavy
duty
program
and
the
I/
M
based
program.
The
light
duty
vehicle
program
using
11
registration
lists
shall
arrange
installations
at
the
convenience
of
the
vehicle
owner.
It
is
expected
that
at
least
half
the
programs
owners
will
request
installs
at
their
residences
or
place
of
business.
Second,
the
reliability
and
objectivity
of
the
information
collected
will
be
improved
through
consistent
application
of
pre­
specified
approaches
by
knowledgeable
staff.

To
ensure
data
quality
for
interview
information,
each
interview
response
will
be
reviewed
for
completeness
and
internal
consistency.
Emissions
and
activity
data
collected
via
instrumentation
will
be
quality­
assured
through
use
of
computer
algorithms.
Time
series
for
key
variables
will
also
be
plotted
and
visually
checked
on
a
case­
by­
case
basis.
Quality­
assurance
steps
for
data
collected
are
discussed
in
Part
B,
Section
5(
a),
AData
Preparation.@

Phone
interviewers
will
record
responses
on
paper
questionnaires.
Responses
will
be
doubleentered
into
computer
files
by
personnel
trained
in
10­
key
techniques,
as
a
quality
assurance
measure.
Following
quality­
assurance,
electronic
data
will
be
directly
transferred
into
database
software,
after
downloading
from
the
instruments.

In
addition
to
the
specialized
instruments
discussed
above,
EPA
or
its
contractor
will
use
a
telephone
system
and
personal
computers
in
conduction
of
the
survey.
Computer
files
containing
interview
responses
will
be
stored
or
managed
in
spreadsheet
software,
such
as
Microsoft
Excel7,
or
database
software
such
as
Microsoft
Access7
or
Microsoft
FoxPro7.
Analyses
will
be
performed
using
SAS,
version
8.27,
or
SPSS,
version
97
or
newer
versions.
Computer
files
containing
emissions
or
activity
data
collected
by
electronic
instruments
are
very
large.
These
data
will
be
managed
using
database
software,
such
as
Microsoft
FoxPro7,
with
analysis
and
visual
presentation
performed
using
SAS.

Data
will
be
stored
in
the
AMobile
Source
Observation
Database,@
(
MSOD),
an
Oracle7
database
residing
on
an
Agency
server.
This
database
is
available
to
the
public
on
request
on
CDROM
and
can
also
be
accessed
from
the
server
via
a
viewer
based
on
Microsoft
Access7.
Thus,
users
need
not
be
equipped
with
Oracle
software
or
expertise
to
access
the
database.

5(
c)
Small
Entity
Flexibility
As
described
above,
collection
methods
for
the
survey
have
been
designed
to
keep
the
burden
of
participation
to
a
bare
minimum,
for
both
privately­
and
business­
owned
vehicles.
Furthermore,
participation
in
the
data
collection
is
voluntary.

5(
d)
Collection
Schedule
The
schedule
below
assumes
OMB
clearance
for
this
collection
will
be
obtained
by
April
31,
2005.
For
each
task,
we
show
the
date
targeted
for
its
completion.

Task
Date
to
be
Completed
Design
questionnaires
and
sampling
plan
March,
2005
Draw
samples
June,
2005
12
Conduct
Interviews
(
establishment
sample)
July,
2005
Finish
Collection
of
Emissions
and
Activity
Data
February,
2006
Submit
Draft
Report
April,
2006
Submit
Final
Report
June,
2006
6
ESTIMATING
THE
BURDEN
AND
COST
OF
THE
COLLECTION
6(
a)
Estimating
Respondent
Burden
Tables
A.
1
,
A.
2
and
A.
3
present
estimates
of
burden
and
cost
for
respondents
for
heavy
duty
vehicles
acquired
with
registration
lists,
light
duty
vehicles
acquired
with
registration
lists,
and
light
duty
vehicles
acquired
from
I/
M
lanes,
respectively.
The
numbers
of
respondents
for
the
registration­
list
samples
include
those
to
be
recruited
for
both
emissions
and
activity
measurement.

Table
A.
1
Respondent
Burden
for
Heavy
Duty
Vehicles
Recruited
from
Registration
Lists
Activity
Burden
Hours
Per
Item
Responses
Per
Item
Management
Hours
($
33.99/
hr)
(
2)
Technical
Hours
($
23.40/
hr)
(
3)
Total
Hours
Per
Item
Total
Costs
Per
Item
(
4)
Attempt
Contact(
1)
0.03
525
0.01
0.02
18
$
28
Conduct
Survey
0.30
525
0.06
0.24
158
$
2,411
Arrange
for
Un­
install
0.13
525
0.03
0.10
70
$
481
Provide
Access
for
Un­
install
0.13
525
0.03
0.10
68
$
459
Totals
0.60
0.13
0.46
313
$
3,380
(
1)
Mailings
and
incomplete
calls
where
contact
was
made,
but
survey
was
not
administered.
(
2)
Average
hourly
wage
Bureau
of
Labor
and
Statistics
NAIC
484100
SOC
11­
3071
(
3)
Average
hourly
wage
Bureau
of
Labor
and
Statistics
NAIC
484100
SOC
49­
0000
(
4)
Labor
hour
salaries
are
muliplied
by
2
for
overhead
13
Table
A.
2
Respondent
Burden
for
Light
Duty
Vehicles
Recruited
from
Registration
Lists
Activity
Burden
Hours
Per
Item
Responces
Per
Item
Total
Hours
Per
Item
Total
Costs
Per
Item
($
15.93/
Hr(
2)(
3))
Attempt
Contact(
1)
0.03
585
20
$
621
Conduct
Survey
0.20
585
117
$
3,728
Commute
to
and
from
site
(
4)
1.00
585
585
$
18,638
Arrange
for
Un­
install
0.08
585
49
$
1,553
Provide
Access
for
Un­
install
0.17
585
98
$
3,106
Totals
1.48
868
$
27,647
(
1)
Mailings
and
incomplete
calls
where
contact
was
made,
but
survey
was
not
administered.
(
2)
Average
hourly
wage
Bureau
of
Labor
and
Statistics
(
3)
Labor
hour
salaries
are
muliplied
by
2
for
overhead
(
4)
Assume
that
1/
2
of
the
participants
will
have
installs
done
at
contractor's
location,
the
remainder
at
the
owners
site.

Table
A.
3
Respondent
Burden
for
Light
Duty
Vehicles
Recruited
from
an
I/
M
Lane
Activity
Burden
Hours
Per
Item
Responces
Per
Item
Total
Hours
Per
Item
Total
Costs
Per
Item
($
15.93/
Hr(
2)(
3))
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
0.30
175
53
$
1,673
Arrange
for
Install
0.03
175
6
$
186
Provide
Access
for
Install
0.17
175
29
$
929
Receive
Instruction
0.08
175
15
$
465
Arrange
for
Un­
install
0.08
175
15
$
465
Provide
Access
for
Un­
install
0.17
175
29
$
929
Totals
0.83
146
$
4,646
(
1)
Mailings
and
incomplete
calls
where
contact
was
made,
but
survey
was
not
administered.
(
2)
National
average
hourly
wage
Bureau
of
Labor
and
Statistics
(
3)
Labor
hour
salaries
are
muliplied
by
2
for
overhead
In
the
surveys
performed
most
of
the
respondents
will
be
the
vehicle
owner
or
a
fleet
manager.
They
are
likely
to
be
the
most
knowledgeable
concerning
the
vehicle
subject
to
the
survey.
For
this
collection,
we
have
listed
a
mixture
of
the
times
for
interview
response
under
the
heading
of
Atechnical@
and
"
management"
for
the
heavy­
duty
recruitment.
The
assumption
is
that
the
fleet
manager
would
give
the
recruitment
contractor
access
to
the
technical
staff
that
is
knowledgeable
about
the
specific
vehicle.
Estimated
time
for
the
owner
to
complete
the
interview
and
arrange
access
to
the
vehicle
is
20
minutes.

6(
b)
Respondent
Costs
Table
A.
1,
A.
2,
and
A.
3
presents
estimated
burden
and
cost
to
respondents.

6(
b)(
i)
Labor
Costs
Labor
costs
are
based
on
estimates
of
Atotal
compensation@
reported
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics
in
Employer
Cost
of
Employee
Compensation
(
BLS,
2005).
The
values
used
represent
14
compensation
rates
for
ATransportation
Sector,@
for
the
managers
and
fleet
operators
under
the
Standard
Occupational
Classification
(
SOC)
listed
in
Table
A.
1.
The
values
used
for
the
lightduty
vehicle
owner
represent
the
total
private
average
hour
salary
of
production
or
nonsupervisory
work
for
February
2005
reported
by
BLS
at
www.
bls.
gov/
news.
release/
empsit.
t16.
htm
.

To
represent
the
complete
cost
of
labor,
the
total
compensation
rates
have
been
increased
by
an
additional
100%
to
account
for
respondent's
overhead
costs.
Corresponding
compensation
rates
for
each
category
are
listed
in
Table
A.
1,
A.
2,
and
A.
3.

6(
b)(
ii)
Capital
and
Operations
Costs
For
respondents,
participation
in
this
collection
will
not
require
any
capital,
startup
costs,
operating,
or
maintenance
costs.
Thus,
no
costs
in
either
of
these
two
categories
are
represented
in
Table
A.
1,
A.
2,
and
A.
3.
15
6(
c)
Agency
Burden
and
Cost
Table
A.
4,
A.
5,
and
A.
6
presents
Agency
burden
for
the
three
recruitment
scenarios.
In
all
cases,
separate
estimates
are
presented
for
Contractor
personnel
and
Agency
staff.
Table
A.
4
Agency
Burden
for
Heavy
Duty
Vehicles
Recruited
from
Registration
Lists
Activity
EPA
Management
EPA
Technical
EPA
Clerical
Contactor
Management
Contractor
Technical
Contractor
Clerical
EPA
Labor
Costs
Contractor
Labor
Costs
Capitol
Costs
O&
M
Costs
Number
of
Respondents
Total
Hours
Total
Dollars
Identify
Sample
Area
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0
$
0.15
$
2.25
525
39
$
1,259
Obtain
Registration
Data
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0.005
$
0.15
$
2.35
525
41
$
1,308
Select
Sample
of
Vehicles
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.1
0.005
$
0.15
$
3.56
525
62
$
1,944
Travel
to
Sample
Site
HQ
0.006
0.003
0.001
0.06
0.06
0.03
$
0.39
$
4.99
1.995
100
525
84
$
55,326
Mail
Letter
to
Owners
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0.005
$
0.15
$
2.35
525
41
$
1,308
Conduct
phone
survey
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.33
0.005
$
0.15
$
10.52
20.1
525
183
$
5,599
Quality­
assure
Interviews
0.001
0.083
0
0.01
0.33
0
$
2.81
$
10.43
525
223
$
6,947
Load
Interview
Data
into
Database
0.003
0.033
0
0.03
0.33
0.015
$
1.24
$
11.58
20.7
525
216
$
6,726
Schedule
Participants
for
Instrument
Installation
0
0.0066
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.22
$
20.41
525
355
$
10,833
Travel
to
Install
site
0
0
0
0.01
4
0.005
$
0.00
$
121.61
125
525
2108
$
129,470
Inspect
Vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
525
352
$
10,718
Repair
Vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0.005
$
0.00
$
20.51
525
354
$
10,766
Install
instrumentation
on
vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
2
0
$
0.00
$
60.98
525
1055
$
32,013
Sample
vehicle
activity
0
0
0
0.01
0.22
0
$
0.00
$
7.10
20
525
121
$
14,225
Sample
Activity
and
Emissions
0
0
0
0.01
1.66
0
$
0.00
$
50.68
240
525
877
$
152,609
Travel
to
Un­
install
site
0
0
0
0.01
2
0.005
$
0.00
$
61.07
125
525
1058
$
97,686
Uninstall
instrumentation
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
525
352
$
10,718
Quality
Assure
Data
0.028
1
0
0.28
2.5
0
$
34.55
$
87.89
525
1999
$
64,286
Load
Data
Into
Computer
0.028
1
0
0.28
0.14
0.14
$
34.55
$
19.05
525
834
$
28,141
Analyze
survey
results
0.028
0.27
0
0.28
0.07
0.01
$
10.27
$
14.52
525
345
$
13,019
Subtotals
0.099
2.4106
0.001
1.08
16.56
0.23
$
84.77
$
552.66
10700
$
654,899
16
Table
A.
5
Agency
Burden
for
Light
Duty
Vehicles
Recruited
from
Registration
Lists
Activity
EPA
Management
EPA
Technical
EPA
Clerical
Contactor
Management
Contractor
Technical
Contractor
Clerical
EPA
Labor
Costs
Contractor
Labor
Costs
Capitol
Costs
O&
M
Costs
Number
of
Respondents
Total
Hours
Total
Dollars
Identify
Sample
Area
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0
$
0.15
$
2.25
585
43
$
1,403.19
Obtain
Registration
Data
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0.005
$
0.15
$
2.35
585
46
$
1,457.30
Select
Sample
of
Vehicles
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.1
0.005
$
0.15
$
3.56
585
70
$
2,165.62
Travel
to
Sample
Site
HQ
0.006
0.003
0.001
0.06
0.06
0.03
$
0.39
$
4.99
100
585
94
$
61,648.78
Mail
Letter
to
Owners
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0.005
$
0.15
$
2.35
585
46
$
1,457.30
Conduct
phone
survey
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.33
0.005
$
0.15
$
10.52
585
204
$
6,238.45
Quality­
assure
Interviews
0.001
0.083
0
0.01
0.33
0
$
2.81
$
10.43
585
248
$
7,740.90
Load
Interview
Data
into
Database
0.003
0.033
0
0.03
0.33
0.015
$
1.24
$
11.58
585
240
$
7,495.06
Schedule
Participants
for
Instrument
Installation
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
585
392
$
11,942.54
Travel
to
Install
site
0
0
0
0.01
4
0.005
$
0.00
$
121.61
60
585
2,349
$
106,241.21
Inspect
Vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
585
392
$
11,942.54
Repair
Vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0.005
$
0.00
$
20.51
585
395
$
11,996.65
Install
instrumentation
on
vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
2
0
$
0.00
$
60.98
585
1,176
$
35,671.19
Sample
vehicle
activity
0
0
0
0.01
0.22
0
$
0.00
$
7.10
20
585
135
$
15,851.04
Sample
Activity
and
Emissions
0
0
0
0.01
1.66
0
$
0.00
$
50.68
200
585
977
$
146,650.49
Travel
to
Un­
install
site
0
0
0
0.01
4
0.005
$
0.00
$
121.61
60
585
2,349
$
106,241.21
Uninstall
instrumentation
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
585
392
$
11,942.54
Quality
Assure
Data
0.028
1
0
0.28
2
0
$
34.55
$
72.76
585
1,935
$
62,778.48
Load
Data
Into
Computer
0.028
1
0
0.28
0.14
0.14
$
34.55
$
18.95
585
927
$
31,299.33
Analyze
survey
results
0.028
0.27
0
0.28
0.07
0.01
$
10.39
$
14.47
585
386
$
14,546.10
Subtotals
0.099
2.41
0.001
1.08
18.06
0.23
$
84.67
$
597.91
12,795
$
656,710
17
Table
A.
6
Agency
Burden
for
Light
Duty
Vehicles
Recruited
from
an
I/
M
Lane
Activity
EPA
Management
ERA
Technical
EPA
Clerical
Contactor
Management
Contractor
Technical
Contractor
Clerical
EPA
Labor
Costs
Contractor
Labor
Costs
Capitol
Costs
O&
M
Costs
Number
of
Respondent
s
Total
Hours
Total
Dollars
Identify
Sample
Area
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0
$
0.15
$
2.25
175
13
$
420
Obtain
Registration
Data
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.06
0.005
$
0.15
$
2.35
175
14
$
436
Select
Sample
of
Vehicles
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.1
0.005
$
0.15
$
3.56
175
21
$
648
Travel
to
Sample
Site
HQ
0.006
0.003
0.001
0.06
0.06
0.03
$
0.39
$
4.99
120
680
109
$
85,260
Conduct
interview
survey
0.001
0.003
0
0.01
0.33
0.005
$
0.15
$
10.52
175
61
$
1,866
Quality­
assure
Interviews
0.001
0.083
0
0.01
0.33
0
$
2.81
$
10.43
175
74
$
2,316
Load
Interview
Data
into
Database
0.003
0.033
0
0.03
0.33
0.015
$
1.24
$
11.58
175
72
$
2,242
Travel
to
Install
site
0
0
0
0.01
0.1
0
$
0.00
$
3.46
5
175
19
$
1,481
Inspect
Vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
175
117
$
3,573
Repair
Vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0.005
$
0.00
$
20.51
175
118
$
3,589
Install
instrumentation
on
vehicle
0
0
0
0.01
2
0
$
0.00
$
60.98
175
352
$
10,671
Sample
vehicle
activity
0
0
0
0.01
0.22
0
$
0.00
$
7.10
20
175
40
$
4,742
Sample
Activity
and
Emissions
0
0
0
0.01
1.66
0
$
0.00
$
50.68
200
175
292
$
43,870
Travel
to
Un­
install
site
0
0
0
0.01
2
0.005
$
0.00
$
61.07
60
175
353
$
21,187
Uninstall
instrumentation
0
0
0
0.01
0.66
0
$
0.00
$
20.41
175
117
$
3,573
Quality
Assure
Data
0.028
1
0
0.28
2.5
0
$
34.55
$
87.89
175
666
$
21,429
Load
Data
Into
Computer
0.028
1
0
0.28
0.14
0.14
$
34.55
$
19.05
175
278
$
9,380
Analyze
survey
results
0.028
0.27
0
0.28
0.07
0.01
$
10.27
$
14.52
175
115
$
4,340
Subtotals
0.098
2.401
0.001
1.06
11.94
0.22
$
84.40
$
411.75
2,832
$
221,020
18
19
The
contractor
costs
make
up
the
majority
of
the
program's
overall
costs
because
they
will
be
executing
the
majority
of
the
labor.
For
contractor
personnel,
most
of
the
time
represents
obtaining
the
sample,
conducting
interviews,
and
subsequent
data
entry.
These
activities
are
assumed
to
take
about
3.5
hours
per
participant.
Time
for
interviews
includes
15
minutes
for
repeated
callbacks,
plus
20
minutes
for
interview
completion
following
a
successful
contact.
The
time
for
data
entry
assumes
10
minutes
for
one
person
to
enter
a
set
of
results,
multiplied
by
two
to
allow
for
double
entry.
The
contractor
will
also
be
installing,
maintaining,
and
monitoring
the
instruments
installed
in
the
vehicles
that
are
being
sampled
for
activity
and
emissions.
The
installation
includes
travel,
emissions
measurement,
activity
measurement,
quality
assurance
and
data
analysis
activities.

Travel.
While
the
instrumentation
of
the
I/
M
sample
and
some
part
of
the
light­
duty
vehicle
registration
list
sample
will
be
done
in
a
set
location,
all
the
heavy­
duty
vehicles
and
many
of
the
light­
duty
vehicles
will
instrumented
at
the
vehicle's
"
depot
location"
(
i.
e.,
where
it
is
garaged).
This
is
being
undertaken
to
decrease
respondent
burden
and
increase
respondent
participation.
Due
to
the
dispersion
of
vehicles
throughout
a
study
area,
travel
to
and
within
the
area
becomes
an
important
component
of
Agency
burden.
Travel
affects
burden
in
two
ways:
first,
contract
employees
will
be
paid
for
travel
time,
and
second,
travel
imposes
operations
costs.

For
emissions
and
activity
measurement
for
heavy
duty
vehicles
and
light
duty
vehicles
where
a
"
depot
installation"
is
performed
a
round
trip
is
required
for
instrument
installation
and
check
out.
During
a
subsequent
follow­
up
a
round
trip
is
needed
to
recover
the
instrument
and
download
the
collected
activity
or
emission
data.
We
assume
that
a
typical
round
trip
would
be
40
miles
in
length
(
20
miles
one
way),
at
an
average
speed
of
50
mph.
These
conditions
imply
an
estimate
of
average
of
approximately
2.5
hours
per
equipped
vehicle
during
the
initial
visit,
and
approximately
0.80
hours
per
machine
during
the
follow­
up
visit.

Travel
time
to
and
from
the
vehicle
is
based
on
a
mean
round­
trip
travel
time
between
each
vehicle
and
a
central
location
within
the
study
area.
Field
teams
would
travel
from
the
central
Aheadquarters@
location
to
a
vehicle
depot
and
then
return,
before
traveling
to
the
next
vehicle.

Emissions
Measurement.
Labor
estimates
to
collect
emissions
data
represent
the
time
required
to
perform
five
distinct
activities.

S
Instrument
pre­
check.
This
step
represents
time
to
verify
proper
operation
of
the
instrument
and
to
perform
field
spans
for
the
different
analyzers
or
sensors.

S
Instrument
installation.
Before
or
after
the
respondent=
s
work
hours,
a
team
of
two
will
install
the
instrument,
warm
it
up
and
perform
final
checks
before
data
collection
begins.
20
S
Instrument
monitoring.
This
step
assumes
one
to
two
brief
visits
during
an
extended
measurement
period
to
verify
proper
operation
and
data
capture,
or
to
replace
bottles
containing
gases
used
by
analyzers.

S
Instrument
removal.
During
a
final
visit,
the
team
will
perform
final
field
spans
of
the
analyzers
and
sensors,
and
remove
the
instrument
from
the
vehicle.

S
Recording
and
storage
of
data.
Following
removal,
the
team
will
download
data
from
the
machine,
and
copy
it
to
an
appropriate
medium
for
storage.

Activity
Measurement.
The
sub­
activities
for
activity
measurement
are
similar,
except
that
the
pre­
check
and
installation
are
simpler
and
quicker.
The
typical
length
of
time
for
activity
measurement
shall
be
30
days.

Quality
Assurance
and
Data
Analysis.
After
recovery
from
the
instrument,
the
contractor
will
deliver
the
data
to
Agency
staff,
who
will
perform
quality
assurance.
We
assume
that
approximately
one
hours
per
vehicle
will
be
required
to
run
automated
routines
on
time
series
within
the
file,
and
to
plot
and
inspect
time
series
for
key
variables.
As
stated,
EPA
will
also
load
the
data
into
the
Agency=
s
database.
After
quality­
assurance
and
cleaning,
one
EPA
engineer
can
load
the
dataset
within
24
to
40
hours.
Agency
staff
will
analyze
the
data.
To
conduct
analyses
and
draft
reports,
we
have
assumed
that
1­
2
technical
personnel
would
spend
approximately
50%
of
their
time
over
a
period
of
eight
weeks.

6(
c)(
ii)
Agency
Costs
6(
c)(
ii)(
1)
Labor
Costs
Contract
Labor
Costs.
Labor
Costs
for
contract
personnel
are
taken
from
Employer
Costs
for
Employee
Compensation
(
BLS,
2005.
Values
used
represent
Atotal
compensation@
for
selected
worker
categories
under
the
heading
of
AService
Occupations.@
To
represent
Afully­
loaded@
compensation
rates,
we
increased
the
total
compensation
rates
by
an
additional
factor
of
100%
to
represent
contractor
overhead
costs
above
fringe
benefits.

Agency
Labor
Costs.
Labor
costs
for
EPA
staff
were
taken
from
the
2005
General
Schedule
for
Civilian
Federal
Employees.
Based
on
the
Schedule,
we
have
assumed
average
hourly
labor
costs
of
$
46.23
for
managerial
personnel,
$
33.26
for
technical
personnel,
and
$
15.77
for
clerical
personnel.
These
assignments
correspond
to
levels
of
GS­
15,
GS­
13
and
GS­
7,
respectively,
at
step­
5
pay
rates
in
each
case.
We
have
multiplied
the
hourly
labor
rates
by
a
Abenefits
multiplier@
of
1.6,
to
represent
the
total
cost
of
employment
for
Federal
staff
(
OEI,
1999).

6(
c)(
ii)(
2)
Capital
and
Operations
Costs
Capital
costs
represent
the
cost
of
purchasing
databases
of
establishments
for
the
study
area
to
serve
as
the
sample
frame.
Given
a
cost
of
approximately
$
1.00
per
record,
a
listing
of
1,285
vehicles
for
the
data
collection
comes
to
approximately
$
1,300.
Operating
costs
associated
with
21
the
interviews
represent
the
costs
of
supplies
and
postage
for
the
initial
letter
to
be
mailed
to
respondents.

We
estimate
that
approximately
five
emissions­
measurement
instruments
and
approximately
60
activity­
measurement
units
will
be
used
to
conduct
each
data
collection.

Operating
costs
for
emissions
measurement
represent
costs
for
supplies
($
25/
operating
day),
and
calibration
gases
($
55/
operating
day).
Operating
costs
for
activity
measurement
represent
the
cost
of
batteries
for
the
instrument.
22
6(
d)
Estimating
the
Respondent
Universe
and
Total
Burden
Table
A.
1
­
A.
3
presents
total
burden
and
costs
for
respondents,
by
activity.
EPA
anticipates
525
completed
responses
for
the
heavy
duty
vehicle
data
collection
(
emissions
and
activity),
at
a
total
cost
to
respondents
of
313
hours
and
$
3,380.
For
the
light­
duty
vehicle
sample
from
registration
lists,
EPA
anticipates
585
completed
responses
(
emissions
and
activity)
with
the
total
burden
and
cost
to
respondents
estimated
at
686
hours
and
$
27,647.
For
the
I/
M
lane
recruited
EPA
anticipates
175
responses
with
the
total
burden
and
cost
to
respondents
estimated
at
146
hours
and
$
4,646.
See
Table
A.
7
Tables
A.
4
­
A.
6
present
total
burden
and
cost
for
the
Agency,
by
Respondent
Group
and
activity.
The
heavy
duty
vehicle
data
collection
is
anticipated
to
cost
the
Agency
10,700
hours
and
$
654,899.
The
light
duty
vehicle
sample
from
registration
lists
data
collection
is
anticipated
to
cost
the
Agency
12,795
hours
and
$
656,710.
The
I/
M
lane
recruited
sample
data
collection
is
expected
to
cost
EPA
2,832
hours
and
$
221,020.
See
Table
A.
8
6(
e)
Bottom
Line
Burden
Hours
and
Cost
Tables
6(
e)(
i)
Respondent
Tally
Table
A.
7
presents
total
burden
and
costs
for
respondents,
by
collection
activity..
For
all
three
samples,
EPA
anticipates
the
total
burden
and
cost
to
respondents
to
be
1,327
hours
and
$
35,672,
respectively.

Table
A.
7
Respondent
Burden
for
Three
Collection
Activities
Heavy
Duty
Registration
List
Light
Duty
Registration
List
Light
Duty
I/
M
Totals
Hours
313
868
146
1327
Dollars
$
3,380
$
27,647
$
4,646
$
35,672
6(
e)(
ii)
Agency
Tally
Tables
A.
8
presents
total
burden
and
cost
to
the
Agency,
by
respondent
group
and
collection
activity.
For
the
Agency,
numbers
of
respondents,
burdens
and
cost
vary
among
different
activities.
The
different
costs
for
the
different
activities
are
primarily
due
to
travel
costs
associated
with
depot
installations
and
that
the
heavy
duty
vehicle
samples
will
use
instrumentation
that
is
more
expensive.

Table
A.
8
Agency
Burden
for
Three
Collection
Activities
Heavy
Duty
Registration
List
Light
Duty
Registration
List
Light
Duty
I/
M
Totals
Hours
10700
12795
2832
26327
Dollars
$
654,899
$
656,710
$
221,020
$
1,532,629
23
6(
f)
Reasons
for
Change
in
Burden
The
anticipated
number
of
respondents
to
the
data
collection
is
1,285
versus
1,300
for
the
previously
approved
collection
under
ICR
OMB
Number
2060­
0078
(
EPA
Form
Number
0619.08).
The
burden
hours
shall
decline
somewhat
from
1,649
hours
to
1,327
hours.
The
expected
decline
in
burden
is
due
to
installing
instruments
at
a
vehicle's
"
depot
location"
versus
having
owners
commute
to
a
central
location.
The
total
costs
to
the
respondent
will
decline
in
kind
based
on
the
total
hours.
Furthermore,
any
commuting
costs
to
any
participant
to
and
from
an
installation
site
are
reimbursed.

Agency
costs
shall
decline
from
$
3,490,000
per
annum
to
$
1,532,629
primarily
because
laboratory
vehicle
testing
is
less
efficient
than
in
situ
vehicle
emission
and
activity
sampling.
Many
vehicles
can
be
sampled
at
a
time
unattended
while
laboratory
testing
is
an
attended
activity
and
performed
sequentially.
Some
of
the
efficiency,
however,
is
mitigated
by
equipment
and
travel
costs
associated
with
sampling
versus
testing.

6(
g)
Burden
Statements
The
public
reporting
and
recordkeeping
burden
for
this
collection
of
information
is
estimated
to
average
1
hour
per
response
for
participants
and
23
minutes
when
averaged
across
all
respondents.
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.

To
comment
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
the
accuracy
of
the
provided
burden
estimates,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques,
EPA
has
established
a
public
docket
for
this
ICR
under
Docket
ID
No.
OAR­
2003­
0006,
which
is
available
for
public
viewing
at
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
in
the
EPA
Docket
Center
(
EPA/
DC),
EPA
West,
Room
B102,
1301
Constitution
Ave.,
NW,
Washington,
DC.
The
EPA
Docket
Center
Public
Reading
Room
is
open
from
8:
30
a.
m.
to
4:
30
p.
m.,
Monday
through
Friday,
excluding
legal
holidays.
The
telephone
number
for
the
Reading
Room
is
(
202)
566­
1744,
and
the
telephone
number
for
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
is
(
202)
566­
1742.
An
electronic
version
of
the
public
docket
is
available
through
EPA
Dockets
(
EDOCKET)
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
edocket.
Use
EDOCKET
to
submit
or
view
public
comments,
access
the
index
listing
of
the
contents
of
the
public
docket,
and
to
access
24
those
documents
in
the
public
docket
that
are
available
electronically.
Once
in
the
system,
select
Asearch,@
then
key
in
the
docket
ID
number
identified
above.
Also,
you
can
send
comments
to
the
Office
of
Information
and
Regulatory
Affairs,
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
725
17th
Street,
NW,
Washington,
DC
20503,
Attention:
Desk
Office
for
EPA.
Please
include
the
EPA
Docket
ID
No.
(
OAR­
2003­
0006),
and
OMB
control
number
(
2060­
0078)
in
any
correspondence.
25
REFERENCES
CITED
National
Research
Council.
2000.
Modeling
Mobile­
Source
Emissions.
Committee
to
Review
EPA=
s
Mobile­
Source
Emissions
Factor
(
MOBILE)
Model.
National
Academy
Press,
Washington
D.
C.

Office
of
Environmental
Information.
1999.
ICR
Handbook:
EPA=
s
Guide
to
Writing
Information
Collection
Requests
Under
the
Paperwork
Reduction
Act
of
1995.
Collection
Strategies
Division,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Washington,
D.
C.

MOVES2004
Highway
Vehicle
Population
and
Activity
Data",
December
2004,
Megan
Beardsley,
David
Brzezinski,
Bob
Giannelli,
John
Koupa,
Sujan
Srivistava,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Office
of
Transportation
and
Air
Quality,
Assessment
and
Standards
Division
APPENDIX
A­
1
Terms
of
Clearance
for
Information
Collection
Request:
AModification
to
Mobile
Source
Emission
Factor
Survey@

(
OMB
Control
No.
2060­
0078,
Agency
Form
No.
0619.08)

SEE
PAGE
2
FOR
TERMS
OF
CLEARANCE
NOTICE
OF
OFFICE
OF
MANAGEMENT
AND
BUDGET
ACTION
PAGE
2
OF
2
OMB
NO.:
2060­
007806/
14/
2000
TERMS
OF
CLEARANCE:
This
ICR
is
approved
for
three
years.
Before
resubmission
of
this
ICR­
the
Agency
should
develop
a
plan
for
the
ongoing
collection
of
information­
including
discussion
of
the
following:
1­
The
Agency's
mechanism
for
identification
of
vehicle
types
that
must
be
tested
in
order
to
develop
a
nationally
representative
sample2­
The
Agency's
mechanism
to
identify
the
number
of
vehicles
that
must
be
tested
in
each
category3­
The
Agency's
mechanism
to
recognize
regional
variation
in
vehicle
performance­
fuel
blends­
or
other
regional
factors
4­
Response
rates
and
the
Agency's
efforts
to
improve
response
rates.
26
APPENDIX
A­
2
Relevant
Sections
of
Statutes

27

The
Statutes
relevant
to
this
collection
are
'
103(
a)
and
'
103(
b)
of
the
Clean
Air
Act,
listed
below:

Sec.
103.
(
a)
The
Administrator
shall
establish
a
national
research
and
development
program
for
the
prevention
and
control
of
air
pollution
and
as
part
of
such
program
shall
­

(
1)
conduct,
and
promote
the
coordination
and
acceleration
of,
research,
investigations,
experiments,
demonstrations,
surveys,
and
studies
relating
to
the
causes,
effects
(
including
health
and
welfare
effects),
extent,
prevention,
and
control
of
air
pollution;

(
2)
encourage,
cooperate
with,
and
render
technical
services
and
provide
financial
assistance
to
air
pollution
control
agencies
and
other
appropriate
public
or
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations,
and
individuals
in
the
conduct
of
such
activities;

(
3)
conduct
investigations
and
research
and
make
surveys
concerning
any
specific
problem
of
air
pollution
in
cooperation
with
any
air
pollution
control
agency
with
a
view
to
recommending
a
solution
of
such
problem,
if
he
is
requested
to
do
so
by
such
agency
or
if,
in
his
judgment,
such
problem
may
affect
any
community
or
communities
in
a
State
other
than
that
in
which
the
source
of
the
matter
causing
or
contributing
to
the
pollution
is
located;

(
4)
establish
technical
advisory
committees
composed
of
recognized
experts
in
various
aspects
of
air
pollution
to
assist
in
the
examination
and
evaluation
of
research
progress
and
proposals
and
to
avoid
duplication
of
research;
and
(
5)
conduct
and
promote
coordination
and
acceleration
of
training
for
individuals
relating
to
the
causes,
effects,
extent,
prevention,
and
control
of
air
pollution.

(
b)
In
carrying
out
the
provisions
of
the
preceding
subsection
the
Administrator
is
authorized
to
­

(
1)
collect
and
make
available,
through
publications
and
other
appropriate
means,
the
results
of
and
other
information,
including
appropriate
recommendations
by
him
in
connection
therewith,
pertaining
to
such
research
and
other
activities;

(
2)
cooperate
with
other
Federal
departments
and
agencies,
with
air
pollution
control
agencies,
with
other
public
and
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations,
and
with
any
industries
involved,
in
the
preparation
and
conduct
of
such
research
and
other
activities;

(
3)
make
grants
to
air
pollution
control
agencies,
to
other
public
or
nonprofit
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations,
and
to
individuals,
for
purposes
stated
in
subsection
(
a)(
1)
of
this
section;
28
(
4)
contract
with
public
or
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations,
and
with
individuals,
without
regard
to
sections
3648
and
3709
of
the
Revised
Statutes
(
31
U.
S.
C.
529;
41
U.
S.
C.
5);

(
5)
establish
and
maintain
research
fellowships,
in
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency
and
at
public
or
nonprofit
private
educational
institutions
or
research
organizations;

(
6)
collect
and
disseminate,
in
cooperation
with
other
Federal
departments
and
agencies,
and
with
other
public
or
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations
having
related
responsibilities,
basic
data
on
chemical,
physical,
and
biological
effects
of
varying
air
quality
and
other
information
pertaining
to
air
pollution
and
the
prevention
and
control
thereof;

(
7)
develop
effective
and
practical
processes,
methods,
and
prototype
devices
for
the
prevention
or
control
of
air
pollution;
and
(
8)
construct
facilities,
provide
equipment,
and
employ
staff
as
necessary
to
carry
out
this
Act.

In
carrying
out
the
provisions
of
subsection
(
a),
the
Administrator
shall
provide
training
for,
and
make
training
grants
to,
personnel
of
air
pollution
control
agencies
and
other
persons
with
suitable
qualifications
and
make
grants
to
such
agencies,
to
other
public
or
nonprofit
private
agencies,
institutions,
and
organizations
for
the
purposes
stated
in
subsection
(
a)(
5).
Reasonable
fees
may
be
charged
for
such
training
provided
to
persons
other
than
personnel
of
air
pollution
control
agencies
but
such
training
shall
be
provided
to
such
personnel
of
air
pollution
control
agencies
without
charge.
29
PART
B
OF
THE
SUPPORTING
STATEMENT
Highway
Vehicle
Activity
and
Emissions
1
SURVEY
OBJECTIVES,
KEY
VARIABLES
AND
OTHER
PRELIMINARIES
1(
a)
Survey
Objectives
This
collection
is
a
survey
designed
to
support
the
development
of
the
EPA's
new
emissions
inventory
model
for
highway
vehicles,
the
Motor
Vehicle
Emissions
Simulator
(
MOVES).
To
support
model
development,
this
survey
will
acquire
data
designed
to
meet
several
research
objectives.
Sub­
section
1(
a)(
1)
below
defines
three
key
terms
used
to
frame
the
objectives.

1(
a)(
i)
Definitions
1(
a)(
i)(
1)
Road
Type
For
purposes
of
this
study,
we
have
adopted
the
"
Functional
Classes"
defined
for
the
Highway
Performance
Monitoring
System
(
HPMS)
by
the
Federal
Highway
Administration
(
FHWA).
The
HPMS
recognizes
four
main
road
types,
with
additional
subdivisions
within
some
types
(
e.
g.,
principal
arterial,
minor
arterial).
Additionally,
roads
within
each
class
are
subdivided
into
"
urban"
and
"
rural"
categories.
Road
Types
are
listed
in
Table
B.
1.

Table
B.
1.
Highway
Performance
Monitoring
System
Road
Types
RoadTypeID
Description
1
Off
Network
11
Rural
Interstate
13
Rural
Other
Principal
Arterial
15
Rural
Minor
Arterial
17
Rural
Major
Collector
19
Rural
Minor
Collector
21
Rural
Local
23
Urban
Interstate
25
Urban
Other
Freeways
and
Expressways
27
Urban
Other
Principal
Arterial
29
Urban
Minor
Arterial
31
Urban
Collector
33
Urban
Local
30
1(
a)(
i)(
2)
Vehicle
Type
Within
the
HPMS
system,
FHWA
classifies
vehicles
into
five
categories,
as
defined
below.
With
respect
to
vehicle
activity,
these
categories
are
useful
in
defining
functional
groups,
assumed
to
have
similar
operating
patterns.

Passenger
Cars:
As
the
name
implies,
this
category
represents
automobiles
used
primarily
to
transport
passengers
and
their
personal
effects,
i.
e.,
sedans,
station
wagons,
coupes,
etc.

Other
Two­
Axle/
Four­
Tire
Vehicles:
This
category
includes
"
single
unit"
vehicles
used
primarily
for
personal
transport,
not
classified
as
"
cars."
Specific
examples
include
vans,
pickup
trucks
and
sport­
utility
vehicles
(
SUVs).

Buses:
This
category
includes
buses
used
for
urban
public
transit
(
intercity
buses),
passenger
transport
between
cities
(
transit
buses),
and
school
buses.

Single­
Unit
Trucks:
This
category
includes
vehicles
having
more
than
two
axles
or
more
than
four
tires,
that
do
not
typically
pull
a
trailer.
Trucks
having
dual
rear
tires
are
included
in
this
category,
as
the
total
number
of
tires
is
considered
to
be
six,
rather
than
four.
Examples
include
utility
vans,
garbage
trucks,
and
"
U­
haul"
trucks.

Combination
Trucks:
This
final
category
includes
all
trucks
that
typically
pull
a
trailer
during
normal
operation.
These
trucks
are
typically
diesel
powered
and
commercially
owned.

1(
a)(
i)(
3)
Regulatory
Class
In
relations
to
emissions
measurement
and
standards,
EPA
applies
a
vehicle
classification
that
is
similar
but
identical
to
that
employed
by
FHWA,
which
we
will
refer
to
as
"
regulatory
class."
Under
this
heading,
we
use
three
classes,
as
defined
below:

Light­
Duty
Vehicle
(
LDV):
this
class
is
effectively
synonymous
with
"
passenger
cars,"
as
defined
for
the
HPMS
system.

Light­
Duty
Truck
(
LDT):
this
class
includes
vehicles
classified
as
"
trucks,"
that
are
rated
at
less
than
8,500
lb
gross
vehicle
weight
(
GVW).
In
addition
to
pickup
trucks,
LDTs
also
include
vans,
mini­
vans,
and
sport­
utility
vehicles
(
SUV).

Heavy­
Duty
Vehicle
(
HDV):
this
class
includes
vehicles
rated
at
more
than
8,500
lb
GVW,
including
trucks,
tractor­
trailers,
"
semi­
trucks,"
and
buses.

1(
a)(
2)
Objectives
This
study
is
designed
to
collect
data
to
satisfy
research
objectives
related
to
model
development:

­

Do
vehicles
of
a
given
type
travel
at
the
same
average
speed
on
different
road
types?

­

Do
vehicles
of
different
types
travel
at
the
different
average
speeds
on
the
same
road
type?
31
­

What
are
average
emission
rates
for
light­
duty
vehicles,
stratified
by
year
of
manufacture
(
model
year)?

­

What
are
average
emission
rates
for
light­
duty
trucks,
stratified
by
year
of
manufacture
(
model
year)?

­

What
are
average
emission
rates
for
heavy­
duty
vehicles,
stratified
by
year
of
manufacture
(
model
year)?

­

What
are
variances
in
average
speed
for
each
vehicle
type
on
each
road
type?

­

What
are
variances
in
emission
rates
by
stratum
?

1(
b)
Key
Variables
Variables
to
be
surveyed
or
measured
include:

Vehicle
Activity.
This
parameter
represents
vehicle
usage,
expressed
in
terms
of
operating
time
per
reference
period
(
e.
g.,
hours/
day,
hours/
week)
on
a
given
road
type.

Emission
Rates.
This
variable
represents
exhaust
or
Atailpipe@
emissions,
expressed
in
terms
of
"
mass
rates,"
defined
as
mass
per
reference
period
(
g/
hour).
Emissions
will
be
measured
for
the
following
exhaust
constituents:

­
carbon
dioxide
(
CO2),
­
oxides
of
nitrogen
(
NOx),
­
carbon
monoxide
(
CO),
­
total
hydrocarbon
(
THC)
­
particulate
matter
(
PM).
­
non­
methane
hydrocarbon
(
NMHC)

Measurement
of
CO2
provides
the
basis
for
estimation
of
fuel
consumption
which
can
be
directly
related
to
the
physical
work
expended
by
a
vehicle
during
travel
to
transport
its
own
weight,
as
well
as
that
of
cargo
and
passengers.
Fuel
consumption,
in
turn
can
be
readily
translated
to
energy
consumption,
one
of
the
outputs
of
the
MOVES
model.
Oxides
of
nitrogen,
carbon
monoxide,
non­
methane
hydrocarbon,
and
particulate
matter
are
air
pollutants
regulated
under
the
Clean
Air
Act.
Engine
standards
also
exist
for
total
hydrocarbons
due
to
their
role
in
formation
of
ozone,
another
criteria
pollutant.
32
In
addition
to
activity
and
emissions,
additional
variables
collected
for
use
in
deriving
model
inputs
include:

­

vehicle
speed
(
mph,
m/
sec):
this
parameter
is
the
instantaneous
speed
of
a
vehicle
measured
at
a
given
second
(
a
measurement
frequency
of
approximately
1.0
Hz).

­

Vehicle
weight
(
lb,
tonnes)

­

Road
grade
(
degrees,
radians)

Instantaneous
speed
and
weight
are
key
variables
in
estimating
the
power
expended
by
a
vehicle
to
transport
its
own
weight,
and
the
additional
weight
of
cargo
and
passengers.

1(
c)
Statistical
Approach
We
have
selected
a
statistical
approach
for
this
effort
for
two
reasons:

­
While
a
census
or
partial
census
would
be
ideal,
the
effort
and
expense
required
is
prohibitive.

­
To
meet
the
objectives
for
use
of
these
data,
it
is
necessary
to
draw
valid
and
defensible
inferences
from
sets
of
equipment
surveyed
or
measured
to
equipment
populations
at
wider
scales,
such
as
the
county
or
state
or
nation.
This
requirement
in
itself
rules
out
nonprobabilistic
approaches.

1(
d)
Feasibility
Obstacles
to
Participation.
We
do
not
anticipate
substantial
obstacles
to
participation,
because
we
have
modified
the
design
and
proposed
collection
methods
that
remove
or
minimize
obstacles
that
have
limited
participation
in
similar
past
studies.
Until
recently,
sampling
vehicle
emissions
required
testing
the
vehicle
on
a
chassis
dynamometer.
This
approach
required
the
owner
to
commute
to
a
laboratory
site,
relinquish
control
of
their
vehicle
for
two
days
to
two
weeks,
exchange
their
vehicle
for
a
loaner
vehicle,
and
return
to
the
site
to
retrieve
the
vehicle.
This
process,
applied
to
passenger
vehicles
with
some
success,
was
considered
unduly
burdensome
to
owners
of
commercial
vehicles
used
to
generate
income.
Finally,
use
of
the
chassis
dynamometer
has
limited
the
geographic
scope
of
such
studies
areas
where
such
facilities
exist.

Fortunately,
the
availability
of
portable
instrumentation
fundamentally
changes
this
situation.
It
is
now
possible
to
Atake
the
laboratory
to
the
respondent,@
and
to
conduct
measurements
in
the
field
in
an
efficient
and
cost­
effective
way.
We
can
measure
emissions
from
vehicles
during
normal
operation,
using
non­
intrusive
portable
instruments.
This
approach
also
reduces
respondent
burden.
Aside
from
responding
to
brief
interviews,
the
respondent
need
not
modify
their
schedule
or
operation
to
participate.
There
is
no
need
to
make
time
to
take
the
vehicle
to
a
laboratory
site
or
to
take
commercial
vehicles
out
of
service.
Technicians
can
install
the
instruments
during
periods
when
the
vehicle
is
not
being
used,
and
instrumentation
does
not
interfere
with
the
33
vehicle=
s
operation.

Availability
of
Funds.
At
present
we
expect
to
have
adequate
funds
available
to
conduct
the
three
surveys
as
designed.
However,
if
funding
shortfalls
occur,
we
can
take
measures
to
reduce
sampling
costs
by
dropping
one
of
the
two
light­
duty
emissions
samples.
This
measure
would
maintain
the
integrity
of
the
other
two
surveys.

Timing
of
Data
Availability.
We
expect
results
and
the
final
report
for
all
three
surveys
to
be
ready
by
June,
2006,
at
which
time
we
plan
to
incorporate
the
results
into
the
MOVES
model.
This
schedule
is
acceptable
to
OTAQ
management
.

2
SURVEY
DESIGN
2(
a)
Target
Population
and
Coverage
The
collection
will
target
three
vehicle
populations:

Light­
Duty
Vehicles/
General
Population
(
General
LDV):
This
population
includes
all
light­
duty
vehicles
registered
with
the
state
in
a
study
area.
Coverage
will
exclude
vehicles
residing
or
operating
in
the
study
area
that
are
registered
outside
the
study
area,
vehicles
whose
owners
fail
to
renew
their
registrations
within
12
months
of
a
renewal
date,
as
well
as
unregistered
vehicles.

Light­
duty
Vehicles
in
Inspection/
Maintenance
Lanes
(
LDV/
IM):
A
second
group
includes
lightduty
vehicles
in
metropolitan
areas
having
Inspection
&
Maintenance
programs.
Coverage
will
include
private
personal
vehicles
and
commercial
vehicles
used
by
small
to
mid­
sized
businesses,
reporting
to
the
lane
for
scheduled
I/
M
tests
during
the
study
period.

Heavy­
Duty
vehicles
(
HDV):
The
third
population
includes
heavy­
duty
vehicles
registered
with
the
state
in
a
study
area.
As
with
LDVs,
coverage
excludes
vehicles
registered
outside
the
study
area
that
are
used
within
the
study
area.

2(
b)
Sample
Design
2(
b)(
i)
Sample
Frame
2(
b)(
i)(
1)
Emissions
Measurement
Samples
General
LDV.
The
sample
frame
for
this
population
will
be
the
National
Vehicle
Population
Profile
®
(
NVPP)
database,
maintained
by
R.
L.
Polk
and
Company.
This
company
compiles,
standardizes
and
markets
state
vehicle
registration
databases.
The
database
includes
vehicles
registered
or
renewed
within
the
previous
year,
updated
on
a
monthly
basis.
Listings
are
maintained
in
the
database
for
one
year
following
their
scheduled
renewal
dates,
in
cases
where
owners
fail
to
renew
their
registrations
in
a
timely
fashion.

LDV/
IM:
As
mentioned
under
population
coverage,
this
sample
will
not
be
based
on
a
list
frame.
34
Rather,
the
pool
of
eligible
vehicles
will
be
those
vehicles
reporting
for
scheduled
I/
M
tests
during
a
scheduled
study
period.

Heavy­
Duty.
The
frame
for
this
sub­
population
is
the
Trucking
Industry
Profile
®
(
TIPNet)
database,
compiled
and
maintained
by
R.
L.
Polk
and
Company.

2(
b)(
i)(
2)
Activity
Measurement
Samples
The
frame
for
the
activity
measurement
samples
will
the
Polk
NVPP
database
for
light­
duty
vehicles
and
light­
duty
trucks,
as
with
the
General
LDV
sample,
and
the
Polk
TIPNet
database
for
heavy­
duty
vehicles,
as
with
the
HDV
sample.

2(
b)(
ii)
Sample
Sizes
2(
b)(
ii)(
1)
Activity
Measurement
The
sample
for
activity
measurement
is
designed
to
allow
distinctions
between
average
vehicle
speeds
involving
two
types
of
comparisons:

 
between
different
vehicle
types
on
given
road
types,
and
 
between
average
speeds
for
all
vehicles
on
different
road
types.

For
purposes
of
this
analysis,
we
translated
the
HPMS
vehicle
types
into
two
broad
classes,
corresponding
roughly
to
the
EPA
regulatory
classes,
which
we
designate
as
"
light­
duty"
and
"
heavy­
duty."
As
the
name
implies,
the
light­
duty
category
includes
passenger
cars
and
2­
axle/
4­
wheel
vehicles,
and
corresponds
to
LDVs
and
LDTs.
Similarly,
the
"
heavy­
duty"
class
includes
single­
unit
trucks,
combination
trucks
and
buses,
and
corresponds
to
HDVs.
This
aggregation
reflects
the
typical
usage
patterns
for
the
different
regulatory
classes
(
Hallmark
&
Isebrands,
2004).
Average
Speeds
by
road
type
and
vehicle
class
are
presented
in
Table
B.
2.

The
distinctions
to
be
represented
are
framed
as
contrasts
between
means
within
an
assumed
roadtype
×
vehicle
type
ANOVA.
Based
on
the
cell
means,
we
calculated
contrast
sums
of
squares
for
a
selection
of
contrasts
of
interest,
as
listed
in
Table
B.
3.
The
vehicle
sample
is
estimated
on
the
basis
of
the
most
limiting
contrast,
which
would
involve
distinction
of
average
speeds
between
"
small"
and
"
large"
vehicles
on
rural
interstate
freeways.
Direct
measurements
of
vehicle
speeds
on
differing
road
types
suggests
that
"
heavy­
duty"
vehicles
tend
to
travel
at
lower
speeds
on
the
same
road
type
than
do
"
light­
duty"
vehicles.

The
sample
size
was
initially
calculated
as
a
total
number
of
operating
hours,
which
was
then
converted
to
numbers
of
vehicles
in
each
vehicle
class.
This
process
involved
three
steps:

 
Total
hours
were
allocated
equally
among
"
light­
duty"
and
"
heavy­
duty"
vehicle
classes.

 
Total
hours
were
converted
to
total
vehicles
on
the
basis
of
average
daily
operation
(
1.5
hours/
day
for
"
small,"
and
3.5
hours/
day
for
"
large")
(
USEPA,
2004a)
and
an
assumed
measurement
period
(
30
days).
35
 
As
a
final
step,
total
vehicles
were
then
reallocated
among
the
HPMS
vehicle
types,
on
the
basis
of
national
"
vehicle
miles
traveled"
(
VMT)
(
FHWA
2000).

Table
B.
3
presents
vehicle
samples
for
each
vehicle
type.

Table
B.
2
Average
Vehicle
Speeds
by
Road
Type
and
Vehicle
Class
Road
Type
Vehicle
Class
"
light­
duty"
"
heavy­
duty"

Rural
Interstate
70.56
68.06
Rural
Arterial
52.51
46.11
Rural
Collector
37.36
30.96
Rural
Local
26.76
20.36
Urban
Interstate
42.33
39.83
Urban
Arterial/
Collector
32.58
26.18
Urban
Local
12.39
9.99
Table
B.
3
Selected
Contrasts
for
Effects
of
Road
Type
and
Vehicle
Class
on
Average
Vehicle
Speed
Predictor
Contrast
Comparison
d.
f.
Sum
of
Squares
(
L2)

Road
Type
×
Vehicle
Class
Rural
interstate
|
light­
duty
:
heavy­
duty
2
6.25
Rural
arterial
|
light­
duty
:
heavy­
duty
2
40.96
36
Table
B.
4
Sample
Sizes
for
the
Activity
Sample
Vehicle
Class
Total
Operating
Hours
Vehicle
Type
VMT
(%)
1
No.
vehicles
(
nveh)
2
Light­
duty
12,200
Passenger
Cars
0.635
200
2­
Axle/
Four­
tire
0.365
120
Subtotal
1.000
320
Heavy
Duty
12,200
Buses
0.036
5
Single­
Unit
trucks
0.334
40
Combination
trucks
0.629
75
Subtotal
1.000
120
1
Percent
of
national
vehicle
miles
traveled,
as
reported
in
FHWA
(
2000).

2
No.
vehicles
derived
by
translating
total
operating
hours
to
vehicles
by
assuming
average
operating
times
of
1.5
hours/
day
and
3.5
hours/
day
for
light­
duty
and
heavy­
duty
vehicles,
respectively,
and
allocating
total
vehicles
to
vehicles
types
on
the
basis
of
national
VMT.

2(
b)(
ii)(
2)
Emissions
Measurement
The
emissions
measurement
samples
are
designed
to
estimate
mean
rates
for
vehicles,
stratified
by
model
year
and
regulatory
class.
Within
each
stratum,
independent
samples
are
designed
to
achieve
a
25%
margin
of
error,
with
80%
confidence
and
80%
power.
Given
the
high
variability
of
vehicle
emissions,
especially
when
measured
at
fine
time
scales
(
i.
e.,
second
by
second
measurement)
the
levels
of
precision
that
can
realistically
be
achieved
in
the
current
collection
are
necessarily
modest.
Sample
sizes
for
the
three
emissions
samples
are
presented
separately
in
Tables
B.
5
and
B.
6.
37
Table
B.
5
Vehicle
Sample
Sizes
for
Emissions
Measurement,
Light­
Duty
Vehicles
and
Light­
Duty
Trucks
Model­
year
Group
Regulatory
Class
Total
LDV
LDT
General
LDV
Sample
Pre
1981
35
15
50
1981­
85
30
20
50
1986­
93
30
25
55
1994­
95
30
35
65
1996­
98
35
70
105
1999
and
later
55
60
115
Subtotal
135
130
265
LDV/
IM
Pre
1981
15
5
20
1981­
85
10
10
20
1986­
93
10
10
20
1994­
95
10
15
25
1996­
98
15
30
45
1999
and
later
20
25
45
Subtotal
80
95
175
TOTAL
215
225
440
38
Table
B.
6
Vehicle
Sample
Sizes
for
Emissions
Measurement,
Heavy­
Duty
Vehicles
Model­
year
Group
Regulatory
Class
Total
<
14,000
lb
>
14,000
lb
Pre
1985
25
55
80
1985­
89
25
50
75
1989­
93
55
50
105
1994­
97
50
20
70
1998
and
later
50
25
75
TOTAL
205
200
405
2(
b)(
iii)
Stratification
Variables
Activity
Measurement:
The
sample
of
vehicles
selected
for
activity
measurement
will
be
stratified
by
HPMS
vehicle
type
(
see
1(
a)(
i)(
2),
page
2).

Emissions
Measurement:
For
purposes
of
emissions
measurement,
vehicle
samples
will
be
stratified
by
model­
year
and
regulatory
class.
The
model­
year
groups
track
the
history
of
technology
development
and
the
implementation
of
emissions
standards.
Analyses
of
emission
data
show
that
model
year
is
one
of
the
most
important
variables
available
for
estimating
emission
rates.
In
addition,
model
year
is
also
a
logical
stratification
variable
because
the
variability
of
emissions,
as
well
as
mean
rates,
declines
steadily
with
model
year.

2(
b)(
iv)
Sampling
methods
2(
b)(
iv)(
1)
Activity
Measurement
Within
each
stratum,
vehicle
samples
will
be
drawn
independently
using
simple
random
sampling
(
SRS).

2(
b)(
iv)(
2)
Emissions
Measurement
General
LDV
Sample.
Within
each
model­
year
by
regulatory
class
stratum,
vehicle
samples
will
be
drawn
using
simple
random
sampling.

LDV/
IM
Sample.
The
sample
of
LDVs
and
LDTs
passing
through
the
I/
M
lanes
will
be
drawn
using
a
sequential
sampling
method
with
probability
proportional
to
the
I/
M
test
result.
This
39
approach
satisfies
the
objective
of
emphasizing
"
high­
emitting"
or
"
vehicles,"
without
entirely
neglecting
the
population
as
a
whole.

HDV
Sample.
Within
each
model­
year
by
regulatory
class
stratum,
vehicle
samples
will
be
drawn
using
simple
random
sampling.

2(
b)(
v)
Multi­
stage
sampling
This
collection
will
not
employ
multi­
stage
sampling.

2(
c)
Precision
Requirements
2(
c)(
i)
Precision
Targets
Activity
Sample.
For
purposes
of
conducting
statistical
tests
for
the
contrasts
discussed
in
subsection
2(
b)(
ii)(
2)
above,
the
precision
goal
for
each
contrast
is
to
achieve
90%
power
at
a
confidence
level
of
98.9%.
This
confidence
level
corresponding
to
an
overall
type
I
error
rate
of
0.05,
after
applying
a
Bonferroni
adjustment
for
twelve
multiple
comparisons.

Emissions
Samples:
Due
to
the
high
variability
of
emission
rates
among
vehicles
expected
in
all
strata
(
CV
=
0.6
to
1.30),
the
precision
goals
for
this
collection
are
modest,
but
designed
to
achieve
the
highest
precision
obtainable
in
all
strata
with
expected
resources.
The
samples
are
designed
to
independently
estimate
stratum
means
to
within
25%,
with
80%
power
at
80%
confidence.

2(
c)(
ii)
Non­
Sampling
Error
2(
c)(
ii)(
2)
Non­
response
error
As
in
any
survey,
non­
response
is
one
of
the
most
important
potential
sources
of
error
in
final
results.
Survey
non­
response
occurs
when
no
response
at
all
is
obtained
from
a
potential
participant
in
the
study,
whereas
"
item­
nonresponse"
occurs
when
a
respondent
provides
responses
to
some
but
not
all
items.
Survey
non­
response
occurs
if
a
respondent
refuses
to
participate,
or
if
they
prove
to
be
unavailable
after
multiple
attempts
at
contact.

Item­
nonresponse
may
occur
in
a
number
of
ways.
A
respondent
may
answer
some
items
but
refuse
others,
or
may
break
off
an
interview
for
unrelated
reasons.
A
form
of
item­
nonresponse
detrimental
to
both
the
activity­
measurement
and
emissions­
measurement
samples
but
unrelated
to
the
respondent
could
occur
in
cases
where
equipment
malfunction
or
measurement
errors
make
emissions
or
activity
datasets
for
specific
equipment
pieces
unsuitable
for
subsequent
analysis.

The
potential
for
non­
response
bias
must
be
considered
when
response
rates
are
low.
However,
even
if
response
is
low,
non­
response
bias
may
not
be
a
major
concern
if
non­
response
rates
are
not
systematically
related
to
a
survey's
key
variables.
It
is,
however,
difficult
to
verify
whether
or
not
this
is
the
case.
Assuming
that
non­
response
can
be
considered
"
random,"
systematic
bias
is
less
of
a
concern.
However,
low
response
rates
are
still
undesirable.
Nonresponse
can
generate
a
secondary
bias
by
distorting
relationships
among
planned
sampling
40
weights
in
unequal
probability
samples
(
as
in
LDV/
IM
sample),
or
by
introducing
inequalities
in
equal
probability
samples
(
as
in
the
General
LDV
sample).
Additionally,
non­
response
can
inflate
variances
by
reducing
effective
sample
sizes
and
by
necessitating
the
use
of
non­
response
adjustment
weights
or
imputation.

To
mitigate
the
effects
of
non­
response
we
plan
to:

Maximize
response
rate:
To
get
as
high
a
response
rate
as
possible,
we
plan
to
make
response
as
easy
as
possible.
Both
the
initial
and
followup
interviews
are
very
brief,
with
questions
designed
to
be
easy
to
answer,
without
a
need
to
check
records.
With
respect
to
emissions
and
activity
measurements,
we
shift
the
burden
to
a
large
extent
from
respondents
to
the
agency.
Portable
instrumentation
makes
it
possible
for
the
agency
to
go
to
the
respondent,
rather
than
the
reverse.
Respondents
need
not
disrupt
their
normal
operations
to
participate,
nor
do
they
need
to
make
time
to
take
equipment
to
laboratory
sites
at
pre­
specified
times.
As
much
as
possible,
detailed
information
is
to
be
collected
by
trained
technicians,
to
avoid
posing
questions
to
respondents
that
are
difficult
or
time­
consuming
to
answer.

Non­
response
adjustments.
Depending
on
actual
response
rates
achieved,
we
plan
to
derive
nonresponse
adjustment
weights.
As
appropriate,
we
will
perform
separate
analyses
for
each
key
variable
to
address
both
survey
and
item
non­
response.

2(
c)(
ii)(
3)
Measurement
error
The
measurement
of
emissions,
and
to
a
lesser
extent
activity,
during
normal
vehicle
operation
can
require
the
use
of
complex
instrumentation
in
a
harsh
environment.
The
emissionsmeasurement
instrument
is
specifically
designed
to
collect
data
from
vehicles
during
normal
operation.
Nonetheless,
despite
rugged
design,
additional
steps
will
be
take
prior
to
and
following
data
collection
to
detect
measurement
errors
in
resulting
data.

Calibration.
Prior
to
installation
and
following
removal,
the
instrument=
s
sensors
and
meters
will
be
calibrated.
The
outcome
of
the
calibration
is
an
equation
or
system
of
equations
that
translates
voltage
output
from
sensors
into
values
of
target
variables,
e.
g.,
exhaust
volume
in
the
case
of
the
flowmeter,
and
relative
concentration
in
the
case
of
the
oxygen
sensor.
Technicians
will
audit
and
record
the
calibrations
for
each
sensor
prior
to
and
following
installation
on
a
given
vehicle.
Comparison
of
the
audits
demonstrates
that
the
instrument=
s
calibration
was
stable
over
the
measurement
period,
i.
e.,
that
the
instrument
did
not
show
substantial
Adrift@
between
installation
and
removal.
During
analysis,
knowledge
of
the
extent
of
drift
allows
estimation
of
the
degree
of
measurement
error
expected
for
results
obtained
from
a
given
instrument.

Equipment
malfunction.
Following
download
of
the
data,
additional
quality­
assurance
measures
will
be
taken
to
verify
that
the
instrument
operated
correctly
and
that
the
results
are
reliable
for
further
analysis.
These
measures
involve
the
use
of
computer
programs
that
automatically
scan
the
time­
series
for
patterns
that
may
suggest
instrument
error,
combined
with
graphic
presentation
of
the
data
to
allow
case­
by­
case
visual
inspection.
Quality­
assurance
measures
are
further
described
in
subsection
5(
a)(
ii).
41
Respondent
error.
The
emphasis
on
collection
of
key
information
for
the
survey
through
direction
inspection
and
instrumentation
involves
a
conscious
decision
to
reduce
reliance
on
human
memory
to
the
maximum
extent
possible.
A
primary
example
is
the
use
of
electronic
dataloggers
to
measure
equipment
activity.
We
believe
that
the
use
of
instrumentation
is
more
objective
and
reliable
and
simultaneously
reduces
respondent
burden.

Despite
the
emphasis
on
measurement,
it
remains
necessary
to
request
respondents
to
report
some
information
about
their
operations
and
equipment.
As
much
as
possible,
we
have
restricted
interview
items
to
general
questions
that
can
be
easily
answered
without
involved
or
detailed
estimation
and
without
heavy
reliance
on
human
memory.
Additionally,
the
interview
questions
themselves,
while
important,
primarily
set
the
stage
for
the
equipment
selection
and
measurement
to
follow.

Data
entry
error.
Information
obtained
through
phone
interviews,
personal
interviews
and
field
inspections
will
entered
directly
into
computer
databases.
To
reduce
the
potential
for
data
entry
error,
Adouble­
entry@
methods
will
be
employed.
All
information
will
be
entered
independently
by
two
persons,
and
the
two
file
versions
checked
against
each
other.

Emissions
results
and
other
data
collected
electronically
will
not
be
input
manually.
Data
files
will
be
downloaded
directly
from
the
measurement
instrument
and
transferred
to
the
database,
following
quality­
assurance
procedures.

2(
d)
Questionnaire
Design
2(
d)(
i)
Vehicle
Ownership
Questionnaire
The
vehicle
ownership
questionnaire
will
be
administered
to
the
stratified
vehicle
sample.
It
is
very
short,
containing
only
twenty
items
for
the
telephone
interview
and
eleven
for
the
personal
interview.
The
questionnaire
is
designed
to
verify
the
respondent's
ownership
of
the
vehicle,
and
to
obtain
general
descriptive
information
regarding
the
vehicle's
usage
and
its
eligibility
for
measurement.

2(
d)(
i)(
1)
Heavy
Duty
Vehicles
from
Registration
Lists:

At
the
outset,
the
interviewer
will
identify
themselves,
and
let
the
respondent
know
that
the
call
concerns
a
study
of
vehicle
emissions.
The
interviewer
will
then
briefly
describe
the
study,
and
attempt
to
obtain
the
respondent=
s
consent
to
proceed
with
questionnaire
items,
as
follows:

Item
1:
Verify
Respondent=
s
Name
and
Address:
This
item
is
intended
to
verify
that
the
party
contacted
is
in
fact
the
intended
respondent,
and
whether
the
respondent
has
changed
its
name
or
address
since
the
last
update
of
the
sample
frame.

Item
2:
Preference
for
email
contact
:
This
item
determines
whether
the
respondent
prefers
to
communicate
by
email
over
the
course
of
their
participation.
If
the
owner
so
indicates,
the
interviewer
obtains
their
e­
mail
address
at
this
time.

Item
3:
Confirmation
of
Respondent's
Ownership
of
Selected
Vehicle:
This
item
asks
the
respondent
if
they
do
in
fact
own
the
vehicle
that
listed
as
registered
to
them.
42
Item
4:
Response
to
Negative
Reply
to
Item
3:
This
question
is
in
response
to
a
negative
reply
in
item
3.
It
determines
if
the
respondent
ever
owned
the
vehicle
in
question.

Item
5:
Response
to
Positive
Reply
to
Item
4:
This
item
determines
if
the
respondent
knows
and
will
share
with
the
interview
the
contact
information
on
the
new
owner
of
the
vehicle
in
question.

Item
6:
Determination
of
Respondent's
Knowledge
of
the
Selected
Vehicle:
This
item
confirms
that
the
respondent
is
knowledgeable
about
the
vehicle
in
question.

Item
7:
Determination
that
the
Selected
Vehicle
is
still
in
use:
The
item
confirms
that
the
vehicle
is
still
being
used.

Item
8:
Determination
of
Recent
Use:
This
item
confirms
that
vehicle
has
been
used
in
the
last
month.

Item
9:
Determination
of
Present
Condition
of
Selected
Vehicle:
This
question
determines
if
the
vehicle
is
in
operational
condition.

Item
10:
Determines
Use
of
Vehicle:
This
item
is
used
to
determine
if
the
vehicle
is
used
for
long
or
short
haul
operation.

Item
11:
Determines
Exhaust
Configuration:
This
item
determines
if
the
exhaust
system
will
allow
installation
of
an
emissions
measurement
instrument.

Item
12:
Determination
of
Vehicle
Interior
Volume:
This
item
is
to
determine
whether
a
measurement
instrument
is
expected
to
fit
into
the
vehicle's
interior.
Exhaust
sampling
equipment
is
considerably
larger
than
the
activity
instrumentation.

Item
14:
Request
for
Permission
for
External
Equipment
Installation:
This
item
a
request
to
the
owner
if
it
is
permissible
to
install
equipment
on
the
vehicle.

Item
15:
Request
Respondent
to
Participate
in
Data
Collection:
This
item
is
the
official
request
to
the
respondent
to
participate
in
the
instrumented
vehicle
sample
of
the
data
collection.

Item
16:
Response
to
Negative
Reply
to
Item
15:
This
item
asks
the
respondent
if
they
can
be
re­
approached
for
the
data
collection
at
a
later
time.

Item
17:
Request
for
Information
Concerning
other
Vehicles
the
Respondent
May
Own:
This
item
asks
if
the
respondent
owns
other
vehicles.

Item
18:
Response
for
Positive
Reply
to
Item
17:
Request
information
on
other
vehicles
owned
by
the
respondent.

Item
19:
Requesting
Future
Contact
Concerning
Participation
of
other
Vehicles:
This
item
is
a
request
to
the
respondent
that
the
survey
can
contact
them
at
some
future
time
to
obtain
permission
to
include
their
other
vehicles
in
the
data
collection.
43
Item
20:
Solicitation
for
Questions
Concerning
the
Program
from
the
Respondent:
This
item
ends
the
survey
by
addressing
any
questions
the
respondent
may
have
concerning
the
data
collection
and
their
participation
in
it.

2(
d)(
i)(
2)
Light
Duty
Vehicles
from
Registration
Lists:

At
the
outset,
the
interviewer
will
identify
themselves,
and
let
the
respondent
know
that
the
call
concerns
a
study
of
vehicles.
The
interviewer
will
then
briefly
describe
the
study,
and
attempt
to
obtain
the
respondent=
s
consent
to
proceed
with
questionnaire
items,
as
follows:

Item
1:
Verify
Respondent=
s
Name
and
Address:
This
item
is
intended
to
verify
that
the
party
contacted
is
in
fact
the
intended
respondent,
and
whether
the
respondent
has
changed
their
name
or
address
since
the
last
update
of
the
sample
frame.

Item
2:
Respondent
Preference
for
email
contact:
This
item
determines
whether
the
respondent
prefers
to
communicate
by
email
during
the
course
of
their
participation.
If
the
owner
so
indicates,
the
interviewer
obtains
their
e­
mail
address
at
this
time.

Item
3:
Confirmation
of
Respondent's
Ownership
of
Selected
Vehicle:
This
item
asks
the
respondent
if
they
do
in
fact
own
the
vehicle
that
is
listed
as
registered
to
them.

Item
4:
Response
to
Negative
Reply
to
Item
3:
This
question
is
in
response
to
a
negative
reply
in
item
3.
It
determines
if
the
respondent
ever
owned
the
vehicle
in
question.

Item
5:
Response
to
Positive
Reply
to
Item
4:
This
item
determines
if
the
respondent
knows
and
will
share
with
the
interview
the
contact
information
on
the
new
owner
of
the
vehicle
in
question.

Item
6:
Determination
of
Respondent's
Knowledge
of
the
Selected
Vehicle:
This
item
confirms
that
the
respondent
is
knowledgeable
about
the
vehicle
in
question.

Item
7:
Determination
that
the
Selected
Vehicle
is
still
in
use:
The
item
confirms
that
the
vehicle
is
still
being
used.

Item
8:
Determination
of
Recent
Use:
This
item
confirms
that
vehicle
has
been
used
in
the
last
month.

Item
9:
Determination
of
Present
Condition
of
Selected
Vehicle:
This
question
determines
if
the
vehicle
is
in
operational
condition.

Item
10:
Determines
Use
of
Vehicle:
This
item
is
used
to
determine
if
the
vehicle
is
primarily
used
for
personal
transportation.

Item
11:
Determines
Exhaust
Configuration:
This
item
determines
if
the
exhaust
system
is
compatible
with
the
flowmeter
for
the
emissions
measurement
instrument.

Item
12:
Determines
Exhaust
Configuration:
This
item
identifies
anything
unusual
about
the
exhaust
configuration
beyond
having
more
than
one
exhaust
pipe.
44
Item
13:
Determination
of
Vehicle
Internal
Volume:
This
item
serves
to
identify
vehicles
that
may
not
have
interior
space
to
house
the
emission
sampling
equipment,
either
in
the
back
seat
or
the
trunk.

Item
14:
Request
Respondent
to
Participate
in
Data
Collection:
This
item
is
the
official
request
to
the
respondent
to
participate
in
the
instrumented
vehicle
sample
of
the
data
collection.

Item
15:
Response
to
Negative
Reply
to
Item
15:
This
item
asks
the
respondent
if
they
can
be
reapproached
for
the
data
collection
at
a
later
time.

Item
16:
Request
for
Information
Concerning
other
Vehicles
the
Respondent
May
Own:
This
item
asks
if
the
respondent
owns
other
vehicles.

Item
17:
Response
for
Positive
Reply
to
Item
16:
Request
information
on
other
vehicles
owned
by
the
respondent.

Item
18:
Requesting
Future
Contact
Concerning
Participation
of
other
Vehicles:
This
item
is
a
request
to
the
respondent
that
the
survey
can
contact
them
at
some
future
time
to
obtain
permission
to
include
their
other
vehicles
in
the
data
collection.

Item
19:
Solicitation
for
Questions
Concerning
the
Program
from
the
Respondent:
This
item
ends
the
survey
by
addressing
any
questions
the
respondent
may
have
concerning
the
data
collection
and
his
participation
in
it.

2(
d)(
i)(
3)
Light
Duty
Vehicles
from
an
I/
M
Lane:

At
the
outset,
the
interviewer
will
identify
themselves,
and
let
the
respondent
know
that
the
call
concerns
a
study
of
vehicles.
The
interviewer
will
then
briefly
describe
the
study,
and
attempt
to
obtain
the
respondent=
s
consent
to
proceed
with
questionnaire
items,
as
follows:

Item
1:
Verify
Respondent=
s
Name
and
Address:
This
item
is
intended
to
verify
that
the
party
contacted
is
in
fact
the
intended
respondent,
and
whether
the
respondent
has
changed
their
name
or
address
since
the
last
update
of
the
sample
frame.

Item
2:
Determine
if
Respondent
Prefers
future
contact
by
e­
mail:
This
item
determines
whether
the
owner
prefers
to
communicate
by
email
during
the
course
of
their
participation.
If
the
owner
so
indicates,
the
interviewer
obtains
their
e­
mail
address
at
this
time.

Item
3:
Confirmation
of
Respondent's
Ownership
of
Selected
Vehicle:
This
item
asks
the
respondent
if
they
do
in
fact
own
the
vehicle
that
is
indicated
as
registered
to
them.

Item
4:
Response
to
Positive
Reply
to
Item
3:
This
item
determines
if
the
respondent
will
share
with
the
interview
the
contact
information
on
the
new
owner
of
the
vehicle
in
question
Item
5:
Response
to
Positive
Reply
to
Item
4:
This
item
is
a
request
to
the
respondent
to
initiate
contact
with
the
owner
using
the
interviewer's
cell
phone.
45
Item
6:
Determines
Use
of
Vehicle:
This
item
is
used
to
determine
if
the
vehicle
is
primarily
used
for
personal
transportation.

Item
7:
Request
Respondent
to
Participate
in
Data
Collection:
This
item
is
the
official
request
to
the
respondent
to
participate
in
the
instrumented
vehicle
sample
of
the
data
collection.

Item
8:
Response
to
Negative
Reply
to
Item
8:
This
item
asks
the
respondent
if
they
can
be
reapproached
for
the
data
collection
at
a
later
time.

Item
9:
Request
for
Information
Concerning
other
Vehicles
the
Respondent
May
Own:
This
item
asks
if
the
respondent
owns
other
vehicles.

Item
10:
Response
for
Positive
Reply
to
Item
9:
Request
information
on
other
vehicles
owned
by
the
respondent.

Item
11:
Requesting
Future
Contact
Concerning
Participation
of
other
Vehicles:
This
item
is
a
request
to
the
respondent
that
the
survey
can
contact
them
at
some
future
time
to
obtain
permission
to
include
their
other
vehicles
in
the
data
collection.

Item
12:
Solicitation
for
Questions
Concerning
the
Program
from
the
Respondent:
This
item
ends
the
survey
by
addressing
any
questions
the
respondent
may
have
concerning
the
data
collection
and
their
participation
in
it.

2(
d)(
ii)
Vehicle
Identification,
Description
and
Instrumentation
Parameters
In
the
course
of
instrumentation,
the
technicians
will
acquire
additional
information
necessary
to
properly
install
the
instrument(
s)
and
reduce
and
apply
resulting
data.
This
information
will
be
provided
by
technicians
directly
or
obtained
through
direct
inspection
of
the
vehicle.
The
respondent
need
not
be
present
and
acquisition
of
this
information
imposes
no
additional
burden
on
respondents.
Each
information
block
is
briefly
described
below.

Visual
inspection:
This
block
records
results
of
an
inspection
to
determine
whether
an
instrument
can
be
installed
on
the
piece.
For
example,
a
vehicle
with
major
leaks
evident
in
the
exhaust
system
cannot
be
instrumented
for
emissions,
because
the
exhaust
flow
volume
cannot
be
accurately
measured.
Similarly,
the
vehicle
may
not
be
eligible
for
for
emissions
measurement
but
yet
be
suitable
for
activity
measurement.

Date
&
Time:
This
block
records
the
date
and
time
for
installation
and
removal
of
an
instrument.

Vehicle
Information:
This
block
records
detailed
vehicle
information
that
identifies
the
vehicle's
physical
condition.
It
is
collected
by
technician
inspection
and
does
not
add
to
the
respondent's
burden.

Items
collected
are:

­

the
vehicle
exhaust
and
evaporative
emission
46
­

odometer
reading
­

vehicle
weight
­

signs
of
emission
control
­

a
scan
of
the
vehicle's
Onboard
Diagnostic
System,
if
present,
to
determine
if
any
trouble
codes
are
indicated
Installation
parameters.
This
block
primarily
contains
exhaust
pipe
measurements
used
in
installation
of
the
flowmeter
on
the
outlet.

Instrument
identification:
This
block
indicates
the
type
of
instrument
installed
and
uniquely
identifies
the
components
of
a
specific
instrument.

Instrument
calibration:
This
block
identifies
calibration
curves
for
the
emissions
measurement
instrument.
Each
instrument
is
to
be
calibrated
prior
to
installation
and
following
removal
from
an
equipment
piece.
The
calibration
equations,
which
are
unique
to
each
instrument,
convert
voltage
signals
from
different
sensors
into
appropriate
units.
For
example,
the
flow­
meter
calibration
converts
voltage
to
exhaust
flow
volume,
and
the
oxygen
sensor
calibration
converts
voltage
to
oxygen
concentration.
Comparison
of
pre­
and
post­
calibrations
is
a
quality­
assurance
step
that
ensures
that
the
sensors
were
stable
over
the
measurement
period.

Maintenance
Log:
This
log
records
the
reason
and
outcome
of
visits,
if
any,
during
a
measurement
period
to
tend
or
maintain
an
instrument.
It
will
record
the
reasons
for
a
visit,
any
actions
taken
and
the
outcome
in
relation
to
the
acceptability
of
data
collected
prior
to
the
visit.

3
PRETESTS
AND
PILOT
TESTS
3(
a)
Pilot
Tests
Initial
samples
of
approximately
50
respondents
for
each
questionnaire
will
be
fielded
following
initiation
of
the
survey.
These
interviews
and
site
visits
will
serve
to
further
test
the
revised
instruments
and
modify
questions
or
items
found
to
be
unclear
or
impractical.

4
COLLECTION
METHODS
AND
FOLLOW­
UP
4(
a)
Collection
Methods
4(
a)(
i)
Vehicle
Ownership
Questionnaire
The
Vehicle
Ownership
Questionnaire
will
be
administered
by
phone
interview
for
heavy­
duty
vehicles
and
the
light­
duty
vehicles
recruited
from
vehicle
registration
lists.
This
method
was
selected
due
to
the
simplicity
and
brevity
of
the
initial
interview.
The
interview
was
designed
so
that
a
respondent
with
knowledge
of
the
subject
vehicle
will
be
able
to
quickly
and
easily
provide
answers
to
all
items
without
a
need
to
consult
records
or
look
at
the
vehicle.
Using
telephone
as
47
the
collection
mode
will
also
enable
interviewers
to
identify
and
make
contact
with
a
knowledgeable
respondent
directly
and
quickly
in
the
case
of
commercial
vehicles.

In
the
case
of
I/
M
lane
recruitment
the
interview
shall
be
administered
in
person,
as
both
the
interviewer
and
respondent
are
present
at
the
time
of
the
test
This
method
has
proven
to
have
very
high
response
rates
and
eliminates
questions
concerning
the
physical
state
of
the
vehicle
found
in
the
phone
interviews.
The
physical
attributes
of
the
vehicle
can
be
observed
by
the
interviewer
at
that
time.

Due
to
the
simple
factual
nature
of
the
interview
questions,
it
is
more
important
that
interviewers
have
training
and
experience
in
recruitment
and
interview
methods
than
extensive
technical
knowledge
in
the
survey=
s
subject
matter.
Nonetheless,
project­
specific
training
for
interviewers
will
be
provided,
and
will
cover
the
issues
involved
in
the
installation
of
the
vehicle
activity
and
emission
sampling
instrumentation.

4(
a)(
ii)(
1)
Emissions
measurement
Exhaust
emissions
will
be
measured
using
portable
on­
board
instrumentation.
These
systems
enable
quick
and
inexpensive
measurement
of
emissions
from
vehicles
during
normal
driving.
In
addition
to
their
portability,
the
instruments
are
non­
intrusive.
Installation
does
not
require
removal
of
any
components
or
modification
of
the
vehicle
piece
in
any
way.
Two
technicians
can
install
the
instrument
quickly,
while
the
vehicle
is
parked,
without
assistance
from
the
respondent.
Once
installed,
the
instrument
does
not
interfere
with
the
vehicle's
normal
operation.
In
addition,
data
collection
is
automatic;
the
instruments
do
not
require
active
maintenance
or
tending
during
operation.

Within
the
instrument,
different
sensors
measure
key
engine
parameters
during
normal
operation,
at
intervals
of
one
second
(
1.0
hertz).
Primary
parameters
measured
include:

­
engine
speed
(
revolutions
per
minute,
rpm),
­
vehicle
speed
(
miles
per
hour),
­
vehicle
location
(
degrees,
minutes,
and
seconds
of
latitude
and
longitude),
­
vehicle
altitude
(
feet
above
sea
level),
­
oxygen
concentration
in
the
exhaust
stream
([
O2],
percent
by
weight,
wt%),
­
oxides
of
nitrogen
concentration
in
the
exhaust
stream
([
NOx],
parts
per
million,
ppm),
­
carbon
monoxide
concentration
in
the
exhaust
stream
([
CO],
percent
by
weight,
wt%)
­
total
hydrocarbon
concentration
in
the
exhaust
stream,
([
THC),
parts
per
million,
ppm)
­
particulate
concentration
in
the
exhaust
stream
([
PM],
ng/
m3)
­
ambient
temperature
(

C),
­
exhaust
temperature
(

C),
­
relative
humidity
(%),
and
­
barometric
pressure
(
kilo­
Pascals,
kPa).
­
date/
time
stamp
48
Collection
of
the
primary
parameters
observed
allows
derivation
of
secondary
parameters,
which
include
the
key
variables
for
the
survey.
Derived
measurements
include:

­
exhaust
flow
volume
(
adjusted
to
standard
temperature
and
pressure,
cu.
ft/
min),
­
fuel
flow
volume
(
kg/
sec),
­
carbon
dioxide
emission
rate
(
kg/
sec),
­
pollutant
emission
rates
for
NOx,
CO,
THC,
NMTHC,
and
PM,
(
g/
sec).

The
typical
measurement
period
for
emissions
will
be
3
to
5
days.
Analysis
of
initial
data
collected
has
shown
this
time
is
adequate
to
characterize
emissions
for
a
vehicle.

4(
a)(
ii)(
2)
Activity
measurement
Equipment
usage
or
activity
will
be
measured
by
on­
board
instrumentation.
The
instrument
is
simpler
than
that
used
for
emissions
measurement.
These
data
allow
the
characterization
of
when
and
how
long
the
equipment
was
operated
while
the
instrument
was
installed.
Within
the
instrument,
different
sensors
measure
operation,
at
intervals
of
one
second
(
1.0
hertz).
Primary
parameters
measured
include:

­

engine
on/
off
­

engine
speed
(
revolutions
per
minute,
rpm),

­
vehicle
speed
(
miles
per
hour),
­
vehicle
location
(
degrees,
minutes,
and
seconds
of
latitude
and
longitude),
­
vehicle
altitude
(
feet
above
sea
level),

­

date/
time
stamp
These
instruments
are
non­
intrusive,
and
do
not
interfere
with
normal
equipment
operation.
Active
tending
by
a
technician
during
data
collection
is
not
required,
nor
is
tending
or
effort
on
the
part
of
the
respondent
is
required.

The
target
measurement
period
for
activity
approximately
one
month.
This
period
is
long
enough
to
directly
measure
driving
on
a
wide
variety
of
road
types.

4(
b)
Contacts
and
Expected
Response
4(
b)(
i)
Contact
and
Follow­
up
Schedule
4(
b)(
i)(
1)
Registration
List
Sample
The
goal
in
the
samples
obtained
from
registration
lists
is
to
make
contact
with
a
knowledgeable
respondent
by
phone
and
to
complete
the
Vehicle
Ownership
interview
over
a
period
of
approximately
two
weeks.
At
the
outset,
each
contact
will
be
mailed
a
letter
that
describes
the
survey,
stresses
importance
of
response,
and
lets
the
contact
know
that
they
will
be
contacted
by
phone
for
a
brief
interview
within
the
following
week.

After
mailing
the
letter,
interviewers
will
attempt
to
contact
the
respondent
by
telephone
over
a
period
of
two
work
weeks.
Calls
will
be
attempted
during
different
time
periods
during
the
week,
49
designated
as
Acall
slots.@
In
designating
slots,
the
week
is
divided
into
two
periods,
AMonday­
Wednesday,@
and
ATuesday­
Friday.@
Note
that
the
call
slots
will
be
treated
as
guidelines
for
initial
attempts
at
contact.
Interviewers
will
rely
on
their
experience
and
judgment
in
deciding
how
to
reach
particular
respondents.

If
the
interviewer
establishes
that
the
vehicle
is
suitable
for
instrumentation
they
will
attempt
to
obtain
permission
to
instrument
the
vehicle,
arrange
the
location
where
that
can
best
be
done
at
the
owner's
convenience.
interviewers
will
document
each
attempt
and
its
outcome.
Information
recorded
for
all
contacts
will
include
date,
time,
outcome,
any
comments,
and
the
interviewer
I.
D.
number.

4(
b)(
i)(
2)
LDV/
IM
Sample
The
goal
of
the
I/
M
sample
is
to
recruit
vehicles
on
a
random
basis
after
they
have
gone
through
their
emission
inspection.
The
point
for
recruiting
the
vehicle
at
that
time
is
that
the
I/
M
test
emission
rates
are
to
be
used
as
a
criterion
for
vehicle
selection.
If
the
vehicle
identified
by
the
recruiter
is
selected
by
the
sampling
algorithm,
the
interviewer
will
approach
the
owner,
conduct
the
interview,
and
inspect
the
vehicle
to
determine
if
it
can
be
instrumented.
Following
completion
of
the
Equipment
Ownership
interview,
if
the
respondent
is
eligible,
the
interviewer
will
solicit
participation
for
emissions
measurement.
After
obtaining
consent,
installation
technicians
shall
install
the
instrumentation
at
the
I/
M
station.
The
removal
of
the
equipment
will
be
arranged
at
that
time
also.
It
shall
be
done
at
a
time
and
place
of
the
owner's
convenience.

Interviewers
will
document
each
attempt
and
its
outcome.
As
a
rule
of
thumb,
interviewers
will
approach
a
respondent
only
once
at
the
I/
M
lane.
Information
recorded
for
all
contacts
will
include
date,
time,
outcome,
any
comments,
and
the
interviewer
I.
D.
number.

Contact
and
follow­
up
schedules
for
the
instrument
installations
are
presented
in
Table
B.
7.
Following
an
initial
contact
with
the
party
listed
in
the
sample
frame,
the
interviewer
will
attempt
to
obtain
referral
to
a
knowledgeable
respondent,
as
necessary,
to
allow
completion
of
the
Vehicle
Ownership
Interview.
Successful
collection
of
a
valid
dataset
qualifies
as
a
complete
response.
50
T
able
B.
6
Contact
and
Follow­
up
Schedule
for
Individual
Respondents
for
Vehicle
Recruited
from
Registration
Lists
Sample
Activity
Day
Owner
Vehicle

Mail
initial
letter
1

Vehicle
Ownership
Interview
7
­
21

Instrument
vehicle
21
­
35

Collect
emissions
data
21
­
40

Collect
activity
data
21
­
51
T
able
B.
7
Contact
and
Follow­
up
Schedule
for
Individual
Respondents
for
Vehicle
Recruited
from
an
I/
M
Lane
Sample
Activity
Day
Owner
Vehicle

Vehicle
Ownership
Interview
1

Instrument
vehicle
1

Collect
emissions
data
1­
5

Collect
activity
data
1
­
30
51
4(
b)(
ii)
Calculation
of
Response
Rate
The
target
response
rate
for
the
survey
overall
will
be
70%.
In
addition,
separate
response
rates
will
be
calculated
for
each
key
variable,
as
appropriate,
to
address
both
whole­
survey
and
item
non­
response.
For
a
specific
key
variable,
the
response
rate
will
be
calculated
as:

where
terms
as
defined
as
follows:

­
total
completions:
the
number
of
useable
responses
obtained
following
all
follow­
up
steps.
­
total
contacts
attempted:
defined
as
the
sum
of:
(
1)
total
completions,
as
above,
(
2)
un­
useable
responses,
and
(
3)
refusals,
defined
as
owners
contacted
that
decline
to
respond
following
all
follow­
up
steps
and
a
reasonable
waiting
period,
less
the
sum
of:
(
4)
ineligible
establishments,
and
(
5)
owners
proving
unreachable
at
addresses
and
phone
numbers
listed
in
the
sample
database.

The
sum
of
(
2)
and
(
3)
will
be
designated
as
total
non­
response.
With
respect
to
item
(
4),
note
that
eligibility
is
defined
differently
for
the
establishment
and
equipment
samples.

Follow­
up
efforts
will
characterize
establishments
or
households
that
decline
to
participate
or
fail
to
respond.
General
data
items,
such
as
industrial
category,
establishment
size,
and
geographic
location
can
be
readily
compiled
from
the
sampling
frame.
If
appropriate,
surveyors
will
attempt
to
reach
a
subset
of
non­
respondents
by
phone
to
ascertain
reasons
for
non­
response.

5
ANALYZING
AND
REPORTING
SURVEY
RESULTS
5(
a)
Data
Preparation
5(
a)(
i)
Interview
and
Equipment
Inventory
Information
During
field
work,
interviewers
and
technicians
will
record
respondents=
information
on
paper
questionnaires
and
interview
sheets.
At
the
end
of
each
shift
or
workday,
personnel
will
scan
the
field
copies
into
computer
files
to
prevent
loss
of
data
should
the
originals
be
lost
or
damaged,
and
make
duplicate
copies
of
all
files,
to
be
stored
in
different
locations.

Personnel
trained
in
ten­
key
data
entry
will
manually
enter
the
survey
information
into
electronic
data
files.
In
this
process,
we
plan
to
use
A
double­
entry@
techniques,
meaning
that
all
information
will
be
keyed
in
independently
by
two
people.
Following
an
item­
by­
item
comparison
100
attempted
contacts
total
s
completion
total
(%)
rate
response
 
=
52
of
the
two
versions,
all
instances
where
the
files
differ
will
be
manually
checked
to
ensure
accuracy.

5(
a)(
ii)
Emissions
and
Activity
Data
Technicians
will
download
emissions
and
activity
data
directly
from
the
instruments
prior
to
removal.
Following
calibration
and
quality­
assurance,
these
data
will
be
loaded
into
the
Mobile­
Source
Observation
Database
(
MSOD),
a
relational
database
of
emissions
measurements
and
supporting
data
developed
and
maintained
by
the
USEPA
National
Vehicle
and
Fuel
Emissions
Laboratory.

During
the
process
of
loading
the
data
into
MSOD,
quality
assurance
measures
will
be
taken
to
ensure
that
the
instruments
were
operating
correctly
and
that
the
data
are
reliable
for
further
analysis.
Computer
programs
have
been
written
and
tested
that
detect
problems
in
time­
series
data.
Two
patterns
in
time
series
data
that
may
suggest
instrument
error
are
A
plateaus@
and
A
spikes.@

Plateaus
occur
when
the
reading
from
a
sensor
A
flat­
lines@
or
becomes
uniform
in
an
unnatural
and
unexpected
way.
Plateaus
can
occur
for
a
variety
of
reasons,
such
as
when
a
sudden
surge
in
the
gas
being
measured
temporarily
saturates
a
sensor,
or
if
the
concentration
of
the
gas
exceeds
the
range
of
the
sensor.
The
program
also
detects
A
spikes,@
or
sharp
sudden
changes
in
measured
parameters
over
periods
of
1­
2
seconds.
As
large
sudden
changes
in
the
measured
parameters
are
not
entirely
unexpected
during
real
operation,
A
spikes@
detected
by
the
program
can
be
more
difficult
to
interpret
than
plateaus.
However,
spike
detection
is
helpful
to
detect
intermittent
malfunctions
in
components
or
sensors,
such
as
a
sensor
A
cutting
out@
at
irregular
intervals.
However,
while
the
program
automatically
detects
potential
problem
segments
in
the
time
series,
data
is
not
mechanically
eliminated
for
the
dataset.
Rather,
the
program
flags
problem
segments,
and
generates
time­
series
plots
for
visual
inspection.
The
plots
will
be
inspected
by
qualified
engineers
or
scientists,
who
will
interpret
the
plot
and
decide
whether
to
eliminate
portions
of
the
data
or
an
entire
dataset
for
a
vehicle.

In
addition,
computer
programs
have
been
written
to
graphically
represent
the
entire
timeseries
for
an
equipment
piece
on
a
daily
and
hourly
basis.
These
plots
allow
visual
inspection
of
an
entire
dataset
for
irregular
or
unexpected
behavior
in
the
engine=
s
operating
parameters,
and
also
to
compare
measurements
to
ranges
expected,
given
the
size
of
the
machine.
A
variety
of
comparisons
of
this
type
can
be
made:

­
Idle
and
peak
engine
speeds
can
be
compared
to
normal
ranges.
For
example,
vehicles
typically
idle
at
speeds
between
550
and
750
rpm,
and
peak
speeds
are
typically
around
2,200­
2,300
rpm.

­
Ambient
temperatures
should
increase
gradually
during
the
day,
decrease
at
night,
and
be
reasonable
given
the
date
and
location
of
the
measurement.
53
­
Exhaust
flow
volume
should
be
in
a
reasonable
range
given
the
size
of
the
engine.

­
Exhaust
flow
temperatures
should
increase
sharply
and
exponentially
when
the
engine
shifts
from
idle
to
work,
and
should
decline
exponentially
and
stabilize
during
extended
idle.

­

Oxygen
concentrations
should
not
exceed
21%
and
never
be
less
than
0%.

­

­

Obvious
discontinuities
are
obviously
signs
that
the
data
may
be
suspicious
they
are
found
through
inspection
graphically
or
by
calculating
the
first
derivative
of
the
1Hz
data
and
applying
upper
and
lower
bounds
to
that
value.

­

Upper
and
lower
bounds
check
at
the
record
level
can
find
spurious
signals
caused
by
noise
and
signal
dropouts
Again,
graphs
will
be
interpreted
on
a
case­
by­
case
basis
by
engineers
and
scientists,
who
will
decide
whether
to
reject
portions
of
datasets
or
entire
datasets
for
individual
machines.
54
5(
b)
Data
Analysis
5(
b)(
i)
Analysis
of
Key
Variables
The
section
describes
analyses
designed
to
derive
the
key
variables
for
the
survey.
Evaluation
of
these
results
will
provide
answers
to
the
survey=
s
research
questions.

5(
b)(
i)(
1)
Vehicle
Speed
(
v,
mph)

As
mentioned,
the
PAMS
instrument
will
obtain
continuous
1.0
Hz
"
second
by
second"
data
on
vehicle
speed
during
normal
driving.
To
lay
the
groundwork
for
assessment
of
differences
in
speed
among
vehicle
and
road
types,
speed
data
for
each
vehicle
will
be
assigned
to
specific
road
types.
This
step
can
be
achieved
by
overlaying
the
geographic
positioning
information
for
each
vehicle
trip
onto
a
geographic
information
system
(
GIS)
layer
containing
HPMS
road
type
information.

After
stratifying
the
speed
data
by
road
type,
an
ANOVA
model
will
be
developed,
expressing
vehicle
speed
(
v)
in
terms
of
vehicle
type
and
road
type
vehType)
roadType
(
vehType)
(
roadType)
(
3
2
1
0
×
+
+
+
=
 
 
 
 
v
After
development
of
the
ANOVA
model,
the
contrasts
described
in
sub­
section
2(
b)(
ii)(
2)
will
be
evaluated.
At
present
the
MOVES
model
assumes
that
all
vehicle
types
travel
at
the
same
speed
on
a
given
road
type.
That
is
to
say,
the
model
distinguishes
among
road
types,
but
not
among
vehicle
types.
To
the
extent
that
testing
contrasts
for
among
road
types
and
vehicle
types
suggest
that
significant
differences
exist,
we
will
consider
the
adoption
of
speed
inputs
that
reflect
these
results.

5(
b)(
i)(
2)
Emission
Rates
Emissions
results
will
be
analyzed
within
the
conceptual
framework
currently
under
consideration
for
derivation
of
emission
rates
for
the
draft
MOVES
model.
In
terms
of
its
design,
MOVES
is
classified
as
"
modal"
emissions
model,
meaning
that
different
types
of
driving
or
operation
are
represented
as
distinct
"
operating
modes."
For
example,
the
model
represents
several
broad
categories
of
operation,
including
"
start",
"
idle",
"
coast",
"
cruising/
acceleration",
and
"
deceleration/
braking."
Start,
idle
and
deceleration/
braking
are
classified
as
operating
modes
in
their
own
right,
whereas
additional
modes
are
defined
within
the
coast
and
cruising/
acceleration
categories.
The
current
draft
design
specifies
2
"
coasting"
modes
(
low­
speed­
and
high­
speed),
and
22
"
cruising/
acceleration"
modes.
All
the
modes
mentioned,
with
the
exception
of
"
start,"
are
classified
as
"
running
operation"
modes.

The
"
running
operation"
modes
are
defined
in
terms
of
vehicle
speed,
vehicle
acceleration
and
a
third
engineering
parameter,
"
vehicle­
specific
power"
(
VSP).
Vehicle­
specific
power
represents
the
"
tractive
power"
that
a
vehicle
exerts
against
the
road
to
move
its
own
weight,
plus
that
of
the
driver,
passengers
and
cargo
at
a
given
instant,
divided
by
its
weight.
In
theoretical
terms,
the
VSP
for
a
vehicle
at
a
given
second
t
(
VSPt)
can
be
expressed
in
kW/
tonne
and
represented
as
55
(
)
t
t
t
t
t
air
d
t
t
t
t
gv
v
a
v
g
m
R
C
v
g
v
g
m
P
VSP
 
µ
 
µ
µ
sin
)
(
)
(
3
tireroll
2
tonne
2
tireroll
1
tireroll
0
tonne
trac,

+
+







+
+
+
=
=

(
B­
2)
where
µ
0
tireroll
=
zero­
order
tire
rolling­
resistance
coefficient
(
unitless),
µ
1
tireroll
=
first­
order
tire
rolling­
resistance
coefficient
(
sec/
m),
µ
2
tireroll
=
second­
order
tire
rolling­
resistance
coefficient
(
sec2/
m2),
Cd
=
aerodynamic
drag
coefficient
of
the
vehicle
(
unitless),
R
=
cross­
sectional
frontal
area
of
the
vehicle
(
m2),
 
air
=
density
of
air
(
1.202
kg/
m3),
vt
=
vehicle
speed
at
time
t
(
m/
sec),
at
=
vehicle
acceleration
at
time
t
(
m/
sec2),
mtonne
=
vehicle
weight
(
metric
tonne),
g
=
acceleration
due
to
gravity
(
9.8
m/
sec2),
 
t
=
road
grade
(
radians).

As
an
initial
step
in
assigning
operating
mode
to
a
set
of
emissions
measurements,
acceleration
and
VSPt
are
calculated
for
each
"
second
by
second"
measurement.
Each
measurement
can
then
be
assigned
to
an
operating
mode.
The
idle
mode
is
assigned
to
measurements
when
vehicle
speed
is
less
than
1.0
mph.
The
deceleration
mode
is
assigned
when
vehicle
acceleration
is
negative
over
several
seconds.
The
coast
and
Cruise/
acceleration
modes
are
assigned
on
the
basis
of
VSP
and
speed.
On
the
low
side,
VSP
can
be
negative
(
when
a
vehicle
is
slowing
down).
On
high
side,
VSP
can
range
up
to
70
kW/
tonne
(
when
a
vehicle
is
running
at
high
speed
and
acceleration).
We
assign
the
coast
and
cruise/
accel
operating
modes
by
applying
the
definitions
in
Figure
B.
1.
Each
mode
is
defined
in
terms
of
a
VSP
class
and
a
speed
class,
using
8­
9
VSP
classes
and
three
speed
classes,
as
shown
in
Figure
B.
1.
56
VSP
Speed
Class
0­
25
25­
50
50
+

30
+
29
39
27­
30
24­
27
19
28
38
21­
24
18­
21
17
27
15­
18
37
12­
15
16
26
9­
12
15
25
6­
9
14
24
35
3­
6
13
23
0­
3
12
22
33
<
0
11
21
VSP
Class
Figure
B.
1.
Schematic
representation
of
Operating
mode
definitions
for
"
coasting"
and
"
cruising/
acceleration"
operating
modes.
Modes
11
and
21
represent
"
coasting"
operation.

During
analysis
of
emissions
results
obtained
during
the
collection,
the
operating
mode
will
be
introduced
as
an
extended
stratification
dimension
to
the
regulatory­
class
×
model­
year
group
stratification
applied
during
sampling.
That
is
to
say,
averages
will
be
calculated
within
an
extended
regulatory­
class
×
model­
year
group
×
operating­
mode
stratification.

In
addition,
estimates
of
uncertainty
in
the
mean
in
each
stratum
will
be
calculated.
In
estimating
variances
for
cell
means,
we
plan
to
treat
the
data
within
strata
as
effective
cluster
samples,
rather
than
simple
random
samples.
This
approach
reflects
the
structure
of
the
data,
which
is
composed
of
sets
of
multiple
measurements
collected
on
individual
vehicles.
Thus,
measurements
on
a
specific
vehicle
are
less
independent
of
other
measurements
on
the
same
vehicle
than
of
measurements
on
other
vehicles.
Accordingly,
means
and
variances
for
individual
vehicles
will
be
calculated
to
allow
derivation
of
between­
vehicle
and
within­
vehicle
variance
components.
These
components
were
used
in
turn
to
calculate
the
variance
of
the
mean
for
each
cell,
using
the
appropriate
degrees
of
freedom
to
reflect
between­
vehicle
variability
(
Kish,
1965).
To
enable
estimation
of
variances
under
this
approach,
we
will
calculate
a
set
of
summary
statistics,
as
listed
below:
57
Stratum
mean:
the
arithmetic
mean
of
all
measurements
in
a
stratum.

Vehicle
mean:
the
arithmetic
mean
of
all
measurements
in
a
given
test
on
a
specific
vehicle
(
within
a
stratum).

Stratum
sample
size
(
nstratum):
the
number
of
individual
measurements
in
a
cell,
where
each
count
represents
a
measurement
collected
at
a
frequency
of
1.0
Hz,
(
i.
e.,
"
second­
by­
second").

Vehicle
sample
size
(
nveh,
),
the
number
of
individual
vehicle
tests
represented
in
a
cell.

Measurement
sample
size
(
nmeas,):
the
number
of
measurements
in
a
cell
representing
an
individual
test
on
an
individual
vehicle.

Vehicle
variance
(
s2
veh):
the
variance
of
measurements
for
each
vehicle
represented
in
a
stratum,
calculated
as
the
average
squared
deviation
of
measurements
for
a
test
about
the
mean
for
that
test.
Thus,
we
calculate
a
separate
value
of
s2
veh
for
each
vehicle
in
each
cell.

Between­
Vehicle
variance
component
(
2
betw
s
):
the
component
of
total
variance
due
to
variability
among
vehicles,
or
stated
differently,
the
variance
of
the
vehicle
means
about
the
overall
stratum
mean,
to
be
calculated
as
(
)

1
veh
1
2
stratum
2
betw
veh
 
 
=

=

n
y
y
n
i
i
s
Within­
Vehicle
Variance
Component
(
2
with
s
):
the
variance
component
due
to
variability
within
vehicles,
or
the
variance
of
measurements
within
individual
vehicle
files
about
their
respective
vehicle
means,
which
can
be
expressed
in
terms
of
the
variance
for
each
vehicle
file:

(
)

veh
stratum
1
2
,
veh
,
meas
2
with
veh
1
n
n
n
n
i
i
i
s
s
 
 
=

=

Note
that
the
sum
of
squares
for
each
vehicle
is
calculated
from
the
test
variance
by
multiplying
by
the
degrees
of
freedom
(
nmeas,
I
 
1).

Variance
of
the
cell
mean
(
2
y
s
):
this
parameter
represents
the
uncertainty
in
the
cell
mean,
and
is
calculated
as
the
sum
of
the
between­
vehicle
and
within­
test
variance
components,
with
each
divided
by
the
appropriate
degrees
of
freedom.
58
stratum
2
with
veh
2
betw
2
n
n
s
s
smean
+
=

Relative
Standard
Error
(
RSE):
this
parameter
gives
a
relative
measure
of
the
uncertainty
in
the
stratum
mean,
allowing
comparisons
among
cells.
It
is
calculated
as
the
ratio
of
the
stratum
standard
error
to
the
associated
cell
mean
stratum
2
mean
RSE
y
s
=

The
RSE
values
will
be
stored
with
their
associated
means
in
the
input
table
to
provide
a
basis
for
uncertainty
analysis
of
emission
rates
and
MOVES
outputs
derived
from
them.

5(
c)
Reporting
Results
Results
of
the
survey
will
be
made
available
to
the
public
and
within
the
Agency
through
the
following
means:

Mobile­
Source
Observation
Database.
Results
of
the
survey
will
be
uploaded
into
Mobile
Source
Observation
Database
(
MSOD).
The
MSOD
is
a
database
of
emissions
measurements
and
supporting
data,
developed
and
maintained
by
the
USEPA
National
Vehicle
&
Fuel
Emissions
Laboratory.
Results
for
key
variables
plus
necessary
supporting
data,
such
as
final
sampling
weights,
will
be
entered.
However,
the
identities
of
respondents
will
be
protected.
Any
information
that
could
serve
to
identify
a
specific
respondent
will
not
be
entered.
This
database
is
available
to
the
public
upon
request,
in
CD­
ROM
format.

Data
Sharing.
Results
or
summaries
of
results
will
be
made
available
to
respondents
and
study
co­
sponsors,
upon
their
request.
59
REFERENCES
Hallmark,
Shauna,
and
Hillary
Isebrands.
Evaluating
Speed
Differences
Between
Passenger
Vehicles
and
Heavy
Trucks
for
Transportation­
Related
Emissions
Modeling.
Center
for
Transportation
Research
and
Education,
Iowa
State
University.
DTFH61­
03­
P­
00336.
Ames,
Iowa.
July,
2004.

Kish,
L.
1965.
Survey
Sampling.
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
New
York.

Office
of
Highway
Policy
Information.
Highway
Statistics
1999.
Federal
Highway
Administration,
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation.
FHWA­
PL­
00­
020.
Washington,
D.
C.
November,
2000.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
2004a.
MOVES2004
Highway
Vehicle
Population
and
Activity
Data,
Draft
Report.
Assessment
and
Standards
Division,
Office
of
Transportation
&
Air
Quality,
Office
of
Air
and
Radiation.
Ann
Arbor,
Michigan.
February,
2005.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
2004b.
MOVES2004
Energy
and
Emissions
Inputs,
Draft
Report.
Assessment
and
Standards
Division,
Office
of
Transportation
&
Air
Quality,
Office
of
Air
and
Radiation.
Ann
Arbor,
Michigan.
February,
2005.
60
APPENDIX
B
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaires
61
Appendix
B­
1
OMB
Clearance
#
2060­
0078
Expires:
??/??/????

In­
Use
Vehicle
Usage
and
Emissions
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
Respondent
Group
1:
Light
Duty
Vehicle
Owners
from
Registration
Lists
Respondent
Identification
Number
_______________________.
Interviewer
Identification
Number
________________________.

The
public
reporting
and
recordkeeping
burden
for
this
collection
of
information
is
estimated
to
average
25
minutes
per
response
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
To
comment
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
the
accuracy
of
the
provided
burden
estimates,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques,
EPA
has
established
a
public
docket
for
this
ICR
under
Docket
ID
No.
OAR­
2003­
0006,
which
is
available
for
public
viewing
at
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
in
the
EPA
Docket
Center
(
EPA/
DC),
EPA
West,
Room
B102,
1301
Constitution
Ave.,
NW,
Washington,
DC.
The
EPA
Docket
Center
Public
Reading
Room
is
open
from
8:
30
a.
m.
to
4:
30
p.
m.,
Monday
through
Friday,
excluding
legal
holidays.
The
telephone
number
for
the
Reading
Room
is
(
202)
566­
1744,
and
the
telephone
number
for
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
is
(
202)
566­
1742.
An
electronic
version
of
the
public
docket
is
available
through
EPA
Dockets
(
EDOCKET)
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
edocket.
Use
EDOCKET
to
submit
or
view
public
comments,
access
the
index
listing
of
the
contents
of
the
public
docket,
and
to
access
those
documents
in
the
public
docket
that
are
available
electronically.
Once
in
the
system,
select
A
search,@
then
key
in
the
docket
ID
number
identified
above.
Also,
you
can
send
comments
to
the
Office
of
Information
and
Regulatory
Affairs,
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
725
17th
Street,
NW,
Washington,
DC
20503,
Attention:
Desk
Office
for
EPA.
Please
include
the
EPA
Docket
ID
No.
(
OAR­
2003­
0???)
and
OMB
control
number
(
2060­
0078)
in
any
correspondence.
62
C
ONTACT
LOG
AND
DISPOSITION
Date
(
mm/
dd/
yyyy)
Day
of
week
Time
Comments
Contact
Result
Code
Interview
Result
Code
Interviewer
ID
No.

M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
TOTAL
CONTACTS:
__________.

Pending
Codes
01
=
No
Answer
02
=
Number
out
of
Service
03
=
Wrong
number
04
=
Reached
Answering
Machine
05
=
Intended
Respondent
not
at
listed
Number.
06
=
Unable
to
Reach
Knowledgeable
Respondent
07
=
Respondent
requested
callback
at
later
time
(
indicate
in
Comments).
08
=
Language
Barrier
09
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments
section).
Final
Codes
10
=
No
answer
after
repeated
contacts
11
=
No
contact
with
live
person
after
repeated
contacts
12
=
Valid
number
unavailable
for
intended
respondent
13
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable
after
repeated
contacts
14
=
Language
barrier
15
=
Refusal
16
=
Made
contact
with
knowledgeable
respondent
17
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments
section)

INTERVIEW
RESULT
CODES
63
Pending
Codes
30
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable,
call
back
31
=
Break
off
(
no
interview)
32
=
Break
off
(
partial
interview)
33
=
Language
barrier
34
=
Refusal
35
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments)
Final
Codes
40
=
Interview
complete
41
=
Refusal
42
=
Break
off
(
partial
interview)
43
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable
after
repeated
calls
44
=
Intended
respondent
not
at
listed
address,
phone
45
=
Language
barrier
46
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments)
64
Light
Duty
Vehicle
Usage
and
Emissions
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
Interview
ID:_______________________.
Date
Completed:____/____/_______.

Enter
R=
s
Information
Name:___________________________________________________.
Enter
R=
s
Address:
No.
&
Street
__________________________________.
City,
town
or
village
__________________________________.
State
__________
ZIP:
__________________.
Enter
R=
s
Phone:
__
__
__
­
__
__
__
­
__
__
__
__.

I.
Introduction
A.
Name
of
Recruitment
Contractor
and
Sponsor
of
Survey
Hello.
This
is
(
NAME),
calling
from
<
name
of
survey
contractor>.
May
I
speak
with
R?

B.
Introductory
letter
Did
you
get
a
letter
telling
you
about
the
survey?
(
IF
YES,
CONTINUE,
IF
NO,
OR
DON=
T
KNOW,
(`
Let
me
tell
you
about
it')
(
IF
R
WOULD
LIKE
ANOTHER
LETTER
SENT
(`
We
will
send
another
copy')

II.
Saliency
of
Survey
A.
Purpose
of
Survey
The
purpose
of
the
survey
is
to
get
vehicle
use
and
emissions
data
to
determine
what
needs
to
be
done
to
clean
the
nation's
air
and
improve
its
transportation
system.

B.
Why
Them
Out
of
the
pool
of
privately
owned
vehicles
you
and
other
owners
were
randomly
selected
to
represent
the
vehicles
in
the
<
sample
area>.
The
success
of
the
survey
is
very
much
due
to
our
success
in
getting
those
we
call
to
participate.

C.
Guarantees
to
Participants
Your
participation
is
entirely
voluntary,
and
your
name
will
not
be
connected
with
your
answers
in
any
way.
Your
name,
address,
and
phone
number
will
be
used
only
to
contact
you
for
this
survey
and
will
not
be
sold
or
shared
with
other
governmental
agencies
or
private
companies.

The
data
from
this
survey
will
be
for
research
purposes
only.
There
is
no
liability
to
you
or
to
anyone
who
participates.
65
III.
Survey
Enter
Time
Now
__
__
:
__
__
timebegin
A.
Confirmation
of
Owner's
Name
and
Address
1.
I
just
want
to
verify
that
your
name
is
<
Name,
AS
ABOVE>,
and
that
your
address
is
<
Address,
AS
ABOVE).

IF
NAME
OR
ADDRESS
DIFFERS
FROM
THAT
LISTED
ABOVE,
UPDATE
AND
ENTER
BELOW:

Name:_________________________________________________________________.
No.
&
Street
__________________________________.
City,
town
or
village
__________________________________.
State
__________
ZIP:
__________________.

2.
If
you
choose
to
participate
in
the
full
survey
would
you
prefer
that
we
communicate
with
you
that
way?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
YES
TAKE
DOWN
EMAIL
ADDRESS:

Email
address:_____________________

B.
Questions
Concerning
Ownership/
Knowledge
of
Vehicle
3.
We
randomly
selected
<
Model
of
Vehicle
for
Registration
List>
to
be
the
subject
of
our
survey.
Do
you
own
a
<
Model
of
Vehicle
for
Registration
List>?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
4.
IF
NO
ASK:
Did
you
own
one
at
one
time?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
5.
IF
YES
ASK:
Can
you
help
us
contact
the
present
owner?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
GO
TO
SECTION
G.
QUESTIONS
CONCERNING
OTHER
VEHICLES.
66
IF
YES
TAKE
DOWN
THE
CONTACT
INFORMATION
AND
PROCEED
TO
SECTION
G.
QUESTIONS
CONCERNING
OTHER
VEHICLES
New
Owner
Information
Name:_____________________________
Address:____________________________
City,
State,
ZIP:____________________________
Phone:______________________________

6.
Are
you
the
person
that
knows
the
most
about
the
vehicle?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
YES
PROCEED
IF
NO,
ATTEMPT
TO
GET
A
HOLD
OF
THE
KNOWLEDGEABLE
PERSON.

C.
Questions
Concerning
Vehicle
Use
7.
Is
the
vehicle
still
being
used?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
8.
IF
YES
ASK:
Has
it
been
driven
in
the
last
month?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
9.
Can
it
be
driven
now?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
10.
Is
the
vehicle
primarily
used
for
personal
transportation?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
D.
Introduction
to
PEMS/
PAMS
installation
Our
program
needs
to
collect
emission
and
use
data
during
the
normal
operation
of
your
vehicle.
That
means
we
will
have
to
instrument
your
vehicle
to
obtain
the
data.
The
instrumentation
comes
in
different
sizes
and
configurations
so
we
need
to
check
if
you
have
enough
room
in
your
vehicle
for
it
if
you
choose
to
participate.
67
If
the
installation
takes
longer
than
what
meets
your
schedule
we
will
loan
you
a
new
vehicle
to
use
at
not
cost
so
you
don't
have
to
wait
around.
.
The
install
takes
about
30
minutes.

E.
Questions
Concerning
the
Suitability
of
Installing
PEMS
11.
Does
the
vehicle
have
dual
exhaust?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
12.
Is
the
exhaust
non­
standard
in
anyway?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
YES:
WRITE
A
SHORT
DESCRIPTION
________________________________________________________________________

13.
Is
there
enough
room
in
the
vehicle's
trunk
or
interior
for
us
to
install
a
device
the
size
of
four
carryon
pieces
of
luggage?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
F.
Offer
of
participation
14.
Are
you
interested
in
participating
in
our
sampling
program?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
SAY:
As
we
have
said
before
the
data
collected
from
this
research
program
will
be
held
in
strict
confidence
and
will
be
used
for
research
purposes
only.
It
will
not
be
traceable
to
you
or
to
the
person
driving
vehicle
when
the
sample
is
taken.

We
are
entirely
liable
for
the
instrumentation.
It
will
not
hurt
you
vehicle
in
any
manner
and
will
not
inhibit
the
use
of
your
vehicle
in
anyway
except
taking
up
some
space.
If
for
some
unlikely
reason
the
instrument
damages
your
vehicle
we
are
liable
for
those
damages.

We
will
do
the
installation
and
removal
of
our
equipment
in
the
most
convenient
time
and
place
for
you.

We
will
reimburse
you
for
any
mileage
placed
on
your
vehicle
due
to
installation,
removal,
or
repair
of
the
instrument
beyond
those
miles
that
are
associated
with
your
normal
driving.
68
15.
IF
THEY
STILL
REFUSE
ASK:
Can
we
give
you
some
more
time
to
reconsider
and
contact
you
at
a
later
time?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
G.
Questions
Concerning
Other
Vehicles
16.
Do
you
own
other
vehicles?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
PROCEED
TO
SECTION
H.
FURTHER
INSTRUCTIONS
17.
IF
YES
ASK:
What
is
the
make,
model,
fuel
type
and
model
year
of
those
vehicles?

LIST
VEHICLES
IN
TABLE
Make
Model
Fuel
Type
Diesel/
G
asoline/
CNG/
LPG
Model
Year
18.
Can
we
contact
you
in
the
near
future
about
including
the
vehicles
in
our
study?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IV.
Further
instructions
To
All:

Your
incentive
will
arrive
in
the
mail
with
in
five
business
days.
If
you
did
not
receive
it
by
then
please
call
666­
666­
6666.

To
Participants:

You
will
be
contacted
by
our
instrument
installation
staff
to
arrange
a
convenient
time
to
69
install
the
sampling
equipment,
provide
you
with
a
short
demonstration
on
what
is
going
to
happen
when
the
equipment
is
operating,
and
provide
you
with
some
contact
information
in
case
something
unexplained
happens
to
the
equipment
while
you
have
it
on
your
vehicle.

V.
Exit
19.
Do
you
have
any
questions
about
this
phone
survey
or
the
program
in
general?

ANSWER
ANY
QUESTION
AND
PROMISE
TO
CALL
THEM
BACK
WITH
ANSWERS
TO
QUESTIONS
THAT
YOU
CURRENTLY
DO
NOT
HAVE
ANSWERS
FOR.
Thank
you.
Those
are
all
the
questions
I
have.
We
appreciate
your
taking
time
to
help
us
with
our
research
project.

ENTER
TIME
NOW:
__
__
:
__
__
timeend
70
Appendix
B­
2
In­
Use
Vehicle
Usage
and
Emissions
OMB
Clearance
#
2060­
0078
Expires:
??/??/????

Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
Respondent
Group
2:
Heavy
Duty
Vehicle
Owners
from
Registration
Lists
Respondent
Identification
Number
_______________________.
Interviewer
Identification
Number
________________________.

The
public
reporting
and
recordkeeping
burden
for
this
collection
of
information
is
estimated
to
average
25
minutes
per
response
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
To
comment
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
the
accuracy
of
the
provided
burden
estimates,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques,
EPA
has
established
a
public
docket
for
this
ICR
under
Docket
ID
No.
OAR­
2003­
0006,
which
is
available
for
public
viewing
at
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
in
the
EPA
Docket
Center
(
EPA/
DC),
EPA
West,
Room
B102,
1301
Constitution
Ave.,
NW,
Washington,
DC.
The
EPA
Docket
Center
Public
Reading
Room
is
open
from
8:
30
a.
m.
to
4:
30
p.
m.,
Monday
through
Friday,
excluding
legal
holidays.
The
telephone
number
for
the
Reading
Room
is
(
202)
566­
1744,
and
the
telephone
number
for
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
is
(
202)
566­
1742.
An
electronic
version
of
the
public
docket
is
available
through
EPA
Dockets
(
EDOCKET)
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
edocket.
Use
EDOCKET
to
submit
or
view
public
comments,
access
the
index
listing
of
the
contents
of
the
public
docket,
and
to
access
those
documents
in
the
public
docket
that
are
available
electronically.
Once
in
the
system,
select
A
search,@
then
key
in
the
docket
ID
number
identified
above.
Also,
you
can
send
comments
to
the
Office
of
Information
and
Regulatory
Affairs,
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
725
17th
Street,
NW,
Washington,
DC
20503,
Attention:
Desk
Office
for
EPA.
Please
include
the
EPA
Docket
ID
No.
(
OAR­
2003­
0006)
and
OMB
control
number
(
2060­
0078)
in
any
correspondence.
71
C
ONTACT
LOG
AND
DISPOSITION
Date
(
mm/
dd/
yyyy)
Day
of
week
Time
Comments
Contact
Result
Code
Interview
Result
Code
Interviewer
ID
No.

M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
TOTAL
CONTACTS:
__________.

Pending
Codes
01
=
No
Answer
02
=
Number
out
of
Service
03
=
Wrong
number
04
=
Reached
Answering
Machine
05
=
Intended
Respondent
not
at
listed
Number.
06
=
Unable
to
Reach
Knowledgeable
Respondent
07
=
Respondent
requested
callback
at
later
time
(
indicate
in
Comments).
08
=
Language
Barrier
09
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments
section).
Final
Codes
10
=
No
answer
after
repeated
contacts
11
=
No
contact
with
live
person
after
repeated
contacts
12
=
Valid
number
unavailable
for
intended
respondent
13
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable
after
repeated
contacts
14
=
Language
barrier
15
=
Refusal
16
=
Made
contact
with
knowledgeable
respondent
17
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments
section)

INTERVIEW
RESULT
CODES
Pending
Codes
30
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable,
call
back
31
=
Break
off
(
no
interview)
32
=
Break
off
(
partial
interview)
33
=
Language
barrier
34
=
Refusal
35
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments)
Final
Codes
40
=
Interview
complete
41
=
Refusal
42
=
Break
off
(
partial
interview)
43
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable
after
repeated
calls
44
=
Intended
respondent
not
at
listed
address,
phone
45
=
Language
barrier
72
46
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments)

Heavy
Duty
Vehicle
Usage
and
Emissions
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
Interview
ID:_______________________.
Date
Completed:____/____/_______.

Enter
R=
s
Information
Name:___________________________________________________.
Enter
R's
Establishment
Name:_________________________________________________.
Enter
R=
s
Address:
No.
&
Street
__________________________________.
City,
town
or
village
__________________________________.
State
__________
ZIP:
__________________.
Enter
R=
s
Phone:
__
__
__
­
__
__
__
­
__
__
__
__.

I.
Introduction
A.
Name
of
Recruitment
Contractor
and
Sponsor
of
Survey
Hello.
This
is
(
NAME),
calling
from
<
name
of
survey
contractor>.
May
I
speak
with
owner
of
the
fleet
manager?

ONCE
THE
OWNER
OR
THE
FLEET
MANAGER
IS
LOCATED
PROCEED.

C.
Introductory
letter
Did
you
get
a
letter
telling
you
about
the
survey?
(
IF
YES,
CONTINUE,
IF
NO,
OR
DON=
T
KNOW,
(`
Let
me
tell
you
about
it')
(
IF
R
WOULD
LIKE
ANOTHER
LETTER
SENT
(`
We
will
send
another
copy')

II.
Saliency
of
Survey
A.
Purpose
of
Survey
The
purpose
of
the
survey
is
to
get
heavy
duty
diesel
vehicle
use
and
emissions
data
to
determine
what
needs
to
be
done
to
clean
the
nation's
air
and
improve
its
transportation
system.

B.
Why
Them
Out
of
the
pool
of
heavy
duty
vehicles
you
and
other
owner/
operators
were
randomly
selected
to
represent
heavy
duty
diesel
vehicles
in
the
<
sample
area>.
The
success
of
this
survey
is
very
much
due
to
our
success
in
getting
those
we
call
to
participate.

C.
Guarantees
to
Participants
Your
participation
is
entirely
voluntary.
Your
name
and
your
company's
will
not
be
connected
with
your
73
answers
in
any
way.
Your
name,
address,
and
phone
number
will
be
used
only
to
contact
you
for
this
survey
and
will
not
be
sold
or
shared
with
other
governmental
agencies
or
private
companies.

The
data
from
this
survey
will
be
for
research
purposes
only.
There
is
no
liability
to
you,
your
company,
or
to
anyone
who
participates.

III.
Survey
Enter
Time
Now
___:___

A.
Confirmation
of
Owner's
Name
and
Address
1.
I
just
want
to
verify
that
your
organization
is
<
Establishment
Name,
AS
ABOVE>,
and
that
your
address
is
<
Establishment
Address,
AS
ABOVE).

IF
NAME
OR
ADDRESS
DIFFERS
FROM
THAT
LISTED
ABOVE,
UPDATE
AND
ENTER
BELOW:

Name:_________________________________________________________________.
Establishment
Name:_____________________________________________________.
No.
&
Street
__________________________________.
City,
town
or
village
__________________________________.
State
__________
ZIP:
__________________.

2.
If
you
choose
to
participate
in
the
full
survey
would
you
prefer
that
we
communicate
with
you
that
way?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
YES
TAKE
DOWN
EMAIL
ADDRESS:

Email
address:_____________________

B.
Questions
Concerning
Ownership/
Knowledge
of
Vehicle
3.
We
randomly
selected
<
Model
of
Vehicle
for
Registration
List>
to
be
the
subject
of
our
survey.
Do
you
own
a
<
Model
of
Vehicle
for
Registration
List>?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
4.
IF
NO
ASK:
Did
you
own
one
at
one
time?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
5.
IF
YES
ASK:
Can
you
help
us
contact
the
present
owner?
74
Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
GO
TO
SECTION
G.
QUESTIONS
CONCERNING
OTHER
VEHICLES.

IF
YES
TAKE
DOWN
THE
CONTACT
INFORMATION
AND
PROCEED
TO
SECTION
G.
QUESTIONS
CONCERNING
OTHER
VEHICLES
New
Owner
Information
Name:_____________________________
Address:____________________________
City,
State,
ZIP:____________________________
Phone:______________________________

6.
Are
you
the
person
that
knows
the
most
about
the
vehicle?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
YES
PROCEED
IF
NO,
ATTEMPT
TO
GET
A
HOLD
OF
THE
KNOWLEDGEABLE
PERSON.

C.
Questions
Concerning
Vehicle
Use
7.
Is
the
vehicle
still
being
used?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
8.
IF
YES
ASK:
Has
it
been
driven
in
the
last
month?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
9.
Can
it
be
driven
now?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
10.
What
best
characterizes
the
vehicles
use?

Short
Haul                                      .
1
Long
Haul                                      .
0
D.
Introduction
to
PEMS/
PAMS
installation
Our
program
needs
to
collect
emission
and
use
data
during
the
normal
operation
of
your
vehicle.
That
means
75
we
will
have
to
instrument
your
vehicle
to
obtain
the
data.
The
instrumentation
comes
in
different
sizes
and
configurations
so
we
need
to
check
if
you
have
enough
room
in
your
vehicle
for
it
if
you
choose
to
participate.
The
install
will
done
at
your
convenience
and
at
a
suitable
location.
The
install
takes
about
30
minutes.

E.
Questions
Concerning
the
Suitability
of
Installing
PEMS
11.
Does
the
vehicle
have
dual
exhaust?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
12.
Is
the
exhaust
non­
standard
in
anyway?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
If
Yes:
Write
a
short
description
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

13.
Is
there
enough
room
in
the
vehicle
interior
for
us
to
install
a
device
the
size
of
four
carry­
on
pieces
of
luggage?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
14.
Do
you
have
any
objections
to
have
an
weather
and
tamperproof
instrument
package
installed
externally
on
the
truck?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
F.
Offer
of
participation
15.
Are
you
interested
in
participating
in
our
sampling
program?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
SAY:
As
we
have
said
before
the
data
collected
from
this
research
program
will
be
held
in
strict
confidence
and
will
be
used
for
research
purposes
only.
It
will
not
be
traceable
to
you
or
to
the
person
driving
vehicle
when
the
sample
is
taken.
I
We
are
entirely
liable
for
the
instrumentation.
It
will
not
hurt
you
vehicle
in
any
manner
and
will
not
inhibit
the
76
use
of
your
vehicle
in
anyway
except
taking
up
some
space.
If
for
some
unlikely
reason
the
instrument
damages
your
vehicle
we
are
liable
for
those
damages.

We
will
do
the
installation
and
removal
of
our
equipment
in
the
most
convenient
time
and
place
for
you.

We
will
reimburse
you
for
any
mileage
placed
on
your
vehicle
due
to
installation,
removal,
or
repair
of
the
instrument
beyond
those
miles
that
are
associated
with
your
normal
driving.

16.
IF
THEY
STILL
REFUSE
ASK:
Can
we
give
you
some
more
time
to
reconsider
and
contact
you
at
a
later
time?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
G.
Questions
Concerning
Other
Vehicles
17.
Do
you
own
other
vehicles?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
PROCEED
TO
SECTION
IV.
FURTHER
INSTRUCTIONS
18.
IF
YES
ASK:
What
is
the
make,
model,
fuel
type
and
model
year
of
those
vehicles?

List
Vehicles
Ma
ke
Mo
del
Fuel
Type
Diesel/
Gasoline/
CNG/
LPG
Mo
del
Year
Lo
ng
Haul
or
Short
Haul
19.
Can
we
contact
you
in
the
near
future
about
including
the
vehicles
in
our
study?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IV.
Further
instructions
To
All:

Your
incentive
will
arrive
in
the
mail
with
in
five
business
days.
If
you
did
not
receive
it
by
then
please
call
666­
666­
6666.
77
To
Participants:

You
will
be
contacted
by
our
instrument
installation
staff
to
arrange
a
convenient
time
to
install
the
sampling
equipment,
provide
you
with
a
short
demonstration
on
what
is
going
to
happen
when
the
equipment
is
operating,
and
provide
you
with
some
contact
information
in
case
something
unexplained
happens
to
the
equipment
while
you
have
it
on
your
vehicle.

V.
Exit
20.
Do
you
have
any
questions
about
this
phone
survey
or
the
program
in
general?

ANSWER
ANY
QUESTION
AND
PROMISE
TO
CALL
THEM
BACK
WITH
ANSWERS
TO
QUESTIONS
THAT
YOU
CURRENTLY
DO
NOT
HAVE
ANSWERS
FOR.

Thank
you.
Those
are
all
the
questions
I
have.
We
appreciate
your
taking
time
to
help
us
with
our
research
project.

ENTER
TIME
NOW:
__
__
:
__
__
timeend
78
Appendix
B­
3
OMB
Clearance
#
2060­
0078
Expires:
??/??/????

In­
Use
Vehicle
Usage
and
Emissions
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
Respondent
Group
3:
Light
Duty
Vehicle
Owners
Selected
from
an
Inspection
and
Maintenance
Lane
Respondent
Identification
Number
_______________________.
Interviewer
Identification
Number
________________________.

T
he
public
reporting
and
recordkeeping
burden
for
this
collection
of
information
is
estimated
to
average
25
minutes
per
response
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
To
comment
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
the
accuracy
of
the
provided
burden
estimates,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques,
EPA
has
established
a
public
docket
for
this
ICR
under
Docket
ID
No.
OAR­
2003­
0006,
which
is
available
for
public
viewing
at
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
in
the
EPA
Docket
Center
(
EPA/
DC),
EPA
West,
Room
B102,
1301
Constitution
Ave.,
NW,
Washington,
DC.
The
EPA
Docket
Center
Public
Reading
Room
is
open
from
8:
30
a.
m.
to
4:
30
p.
m.,
Monday
through
Friday,
excluding
legal
holidays.
The
telephone
number
for
the
Reading
Room
is
(
202)
566­
1744,
and
the
telephone
number
for
the
Air
and
Radiation
Docket
is
(
202)
566­
1742.
An
electronic
version
of
the
public
docket
is
available
through
EPA
Dockets
(
EDOCKET)
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
edocket.
Use
EDOCKET
to
submit
or
view
public
comments,
access
the
index
listing
of
the
contents
of
the
public
docket,
and
to
access
those
documents
in
the
public
docket
that
are
available
electronically.
Once
in
the
system,
select
A
search,@
then
key
in
the
docket
ID
number
identified
above.
Also,
you
can
send
comments
to
the
Office
of
Information
and
Regulatory
Affairs,
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
725
17th
Street,
NW,
Washington,
DC
20503,
Attention:
Desk
Office
for
EPA.
Please
include
the
EPA
Docket
ID
No.
(
OAR­
2003­
0006)
and
OMB
control
number
(
2060­
0078)
in
any
correspondence.
79
C
ONTACT
LOG
AND
DISPOSITION
Date
(
mm/
dd/
yyyy)
Day
of
week
Time
Comments
Contact
Result
Code
Interview
Result
Code
Interviewer
ID
No.

M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
M
T
W
T
F
S
S
am/
pm
TOTAL
CONTACTS:
__________.

Pending
Codes
01
=
No
Answer
02
=
Number
out
of
Service
03
=
Wrong
number
04
=
Reached
Answering
Machine
05
=
Intended
Respondent
not
at
listed
Number.
06
=
Unable
to
Reach
Knowledgeable
Respondent
07
=
Respondent
requested
callback
at
later
time
(
indicate
in
Comments).
08
=
Language
Barrier
09
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments
section).
Final
Codes
10
=
No
answer
after
repeated
contacts
11
=
No
contact
with
live
person
after
repeated
contacts
12
=
Valid
number
unavailable
for
intended
respondent
13
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable
after
repeated
contacts
14
=
Language
barrier
15
=
Refusal
16
=
Made
contact
with
knowledgeable
respondent
17
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments
section)

INTERVIEW
RESULT
CODES
Pending
Codes
30
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable,
call
back
31
=
Break
off
(
no
interview)
32
=
Break
off
(
partial
interview)
33
=
Language
barrier
34
=
Refusal
35
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments)
Final
Codes
40
=
Interview
complete
41
=
Refusal
42
=
Break
off
(
partial
interview)
43
=
Knowledgeable
respondent
unavailable
after
repeated
calls
44
=
Intended
respondent
not
at
listed
address,
phone
45
=
Language
barrier
80
46
=
Other
(
specify
in
comments)
81
Light
Duty
Vehicle
Usage
and
Emissions
Vehicle
Owners
Questionnaire
Interview
ID:_______________________.
Date
Completed:____/____/_______.

I.
Introduction
Hello.
This
is
(
NAME),
calling
from
<
name
of
survey
contractor>.
May
I
speak
with
R?

II.
Saliency
of
Survey
A.
Purpose
of
Survey
The
purpose
of
our
survey
is
to
get
vehicle
use
and
emissions
data
to
determine
what
needs
to
be
done
to
clean
the
nation's
air
and
improve
its
transportation
system.

B.
Why
Them
You
have
been
selected
from
the
I/
M
lane
for
our
survey
because
your
vehicle
has
properties
we
are
interested
in.
Your
vehicle
shall
represent
those
properties
in
our
survey
for
vehicles
like
in
the
<
sample
area>.
The
success
of
the
survey
is
very
much
due
to
our
success
in
getting
those
we
talk
to
participate.

C.
Guarantees
to
Participants
Your
participation
is
entirely
voluntary,
and
your
name
will
not
be
connected
with
your
answers
in
any
way.
Your
name,
address,
and
phone
number
will
be
used
only
to
contact
you
for
this
survey
and
will
not
be
sold
or
shared
with
other
governmental
agencies
or
private
companies.

The
data
from
this
survey
will
be
for
research
purposes
only.
There
is
no
liability
to
you
or
to
anyone
who
participates.

III.
Survey
Enter
Time
Now
__
__
:
__
__
timebegin
A.
Confirmation
of
Owner's
Name
and
Address
1.
I
would
first
like
to
get
your
name
is
<
Name,
AS
ABOVE>,
and
that
your
address
is
<
Address,
AS
ABOVE).

IF
NAME
OR
ADDRESS
DIFFERS
FROM
THAT
LISTED
ABOVE,
UPDATE
AND
ENTER
BELOW:

Name:_________________________________________________________________.
No.
&
Street
__________________________________.
City,
town
or
village
__________________________________.
82
State
__________
ZIP:
__________________.

2.
Do
you
have
an
e­
mail
address
and
would
you
prefer
that
we
communicate
with
you
that
way?

IF
YES
TAKE
DOWN
EMAIL
ADDRESS:

Email
address:_____________________

B.
Questions
Concerning
Ownership/
Knowledge
of
Vehicle
3.
Are
you
the
owner
of
the
vehicle?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
4.
IF
NO
ASK:
Can
you
speak
for
the
owner
concerning
possible
participation
in
our
survey?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
5.
IF
NO
ASK:
If
we
loaned
you
our
cell
phone
can
you
get
in
touch
with
the
owner
immediately?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
6.
Is
the
vehicle
primarily
used
for
personal
transportation?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
.

IF
NO
GO
TO
SECTION
G.
QUESTIONS
CONCERNING
OTHER
VEHICLES.

C.
Introduction
to
PEMS/
PAMS
installation
Our
program
needs
to
collect
emission
and
use
data
during
the
normal
operation
of
your
vehicle.
That
means
we
will
have
to
instrument
your
vehicle
to
obtain
the
data.
The
instrumentation
comes
in
different
sizes
and
configurations
so
we
need
to
check
if
you
have
enough
room
in
your
vehicle
for
it
if
you
choose
to
participate.
If
the
installation
takes
longer
than
what
meets
your
schedule
we
will
loan
you
a
new
vehicle
to
use
at
not
cost
so
you
don't
have
to
wait
around.
The
install
takes
about
30
minutes.

E.
Offer
of
participation
83
7.
Are
you
interested
in
participating
in
our
sampling
program?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
SAY:
As
we
have
said
before
the
data
collected
from
this
research
program
will
be
held
in
strict
confidence
and
will
be
used
for
research
purposes
only.
It
will
not
be
traceable
to
you
or
to
the
person
driving
vehicle
when
the
sample
is
taken.

We
are
entirely
liable
for
the
instrumentation.
It
will
not
hurt
you
vehicle
in
any
manner
and
will
not
inhibit
the
use
of
your
vehicle
in
anyway
except
taking
up
some
space.
If
for
some
unlikely
reason
the
instrument
damages
your
vehicle
we
are
liable
for
those
damages.

We
will
do
the
installation
and
removal
of
our
equipment
in
the
most
convenient
time
and
place
for
you.

We
will
reimburse
you
for
any
mileage
placed
on
your
vehicle
due
to
installation,
removal,
or
repair
of
the
instrument
beyond
those
miles
that
are
associated
with
your
normal
driving.

8.
IF
THEY
STILL
REFUSE
ASK:
Can
we
give
you
some
more
time
to
reconsider
and
contact
you
later
?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
G.
Questions
Concerning
Other
Vehicles
9.
Do
you
own
other
vehicles?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IF
NO
PROCEED
TO
SECTION
H.
FURTHER
INSTRUCTIONS
10.
IF
YES
ASK:
What
is
the
make,
model,
fuel
type
and
model
year
of
those
vehicles?

LIST
VEHICLES
IN
TABLE
Make
Model
Fuel
Type
Diesel/
G
asoline/
CNG/
LPG
Model
Year
84
11.
Can
we
contact
you
in
the
near
future
about
including
the
vehicles
in
our
study?

Yes                                      .  ...
1
No                                         .
0
IV.
Further
instructions
To
All:

Your
incentive
will
arrive
in
the
mail
with
in
five
business
days.
If
you
did
not
receive
it
by
then
please
call
666­
666­
6666.

To
Participants:

You
will
be
contacted
by
our
instrument
installation
staff
to
arrange
a
convenient
time
to
install
the
sampling
equipment,
provide
you
with
a
short
demonstration
on
what
is
going
to
happen
when
the
equipment
is
operating,
and
provide
you
with
some
contact
information
in
case
something
unexplained
happens
to
the
equipment
while
you
have
it
on
your
vehicle.

V.
Exit
12.
Do
you
have
any
questions
about
this
phone
survey
or
the
program
in
general?

ANSWER
ANY
QUESTION
AND
PROMISE
TO
CALL
THEM
BACK
WITH
ANSWERS
TO
QUESTIONS
THAT
YOU
CURRENTLY
DO
NOT
HAVE
ANSWERS
FOR.

Thank
you.
Those
are
all
the
questions
I
have.
We
appreciate
your
taking
time
to
help
us
with
our
research
project.

ENTER
TIME
NOW:
__
__
:
__
__
timeend