Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2003-0075-0055
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-09-09T04:00Z

Clean
Harbors
Environmental
Services
Response
to
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Questions
on
Molybdenum
Data
Submittal
Submitted
August
9,2883
Please
describe
the
off­
site
waste
receipts
other
&
an
landfill
wastewater,
if
any,
that
are
ed
in
the
biological
system?
I
1
ts
that
the
Beer
Park
treatment
sys
ncineration
facility
operates
a
bio
ses
powdered
activat
on
si&?,
and
to
treat
!
50
gpm
of
combine
ceive
wastewater
from
the
in
step
metals
treatment
system.

site
is
pumped
from
the
leachate
collection
system
to
locations.
The
leachate
is
then
pumped
from
the
intermediate
feed
the
PACT
system.
The
site
has
a
major
groundwater
hich
removes
groundwater
contaminated
with
organics.
The
nd
then
transferred
by
pump
to\
ondary
containment
areas
is
,
groundwater,
and
stormwater
ed
in
intermediate
tan
at
feed
the
PACT
system
are
ve
contain
a
large
amount
of
stor
The
PACT
system
is
a
combination
of
biological
and
carbon
adsorption
treatment.
The
system
was
pas
a
completely
stirred
reactor.
The
water
from
the
aeration
zone
exits
to
the
clarifier
to
the
bottom
and
are
removed
to
the
sludge
holding
tank.
Clarified
In
the
past,
the
biological
system
has
had
effluent
limitations
based
on
organic
constituents
and
solids
(
TOC,
TSS,
various
organics).
However,
the
State
of
Texas
has
proposed
an
internal
outfall
for
the
PACT
and
applied
the
Centralized
Wastewater
Treatment
(
CW)
effluent
guidelines
to
this
system,
based
on
the
biological
treatment
guidelines.
These
guidelines
include
a
standard
for
molybdenum.
The
facility
investigated
the
PACT
wastewater
to
determine
if
there
is
molybdenum
in
the
system
and
found
that
the
landfill
leachate
does
contain
molybdenum.
Molybdenum
is
very
difficult
to
treat
(
does
not
respond
to
normal
hydroxide
precipitation
or
two
step
treatment)
and
is
not
treated
at
all
in
biological
systems.
In
order
to
demonstrate
that
this
is
the
case,
samples
of
the
influent
and
effluent
from
the
PACT
system
were
collected
over
a
seven­
day
period.

The
compliance
history
for
the
facility
for
both
Federal
and
State
Permits
(
old
NPDES
and
TPDES)
show
that
the
facility
has
been
in
compliance
for
many
years.

3'
4.
Please
provide
the
design
basis
for
the
existing
treatment
system
compliance
targets
by
polfutant
parameter,
flow
rate,
hydraulic
residence
time,
organic
load
(
BOD5),
mixed
liquor
suspended
solids
(
MLSS),
FIM
ratio,
etc.).
Please
provide
the
individual
flows
for
the
leachate,
ding
tank
receives
each
waste
The
design
basis
of
the
Zimpro
astewater
Treatment
System
is
provided
below:

Basis
of
Desicln:
Influent
PACT
Effluent
Flow
(
GPD)
150,000
avg
COD
1,200
60
BOD
400
20
TSS
100
20
Aeration
Tank
(
77,500
gallons):
Aerobic
Sludge
(
24,000
gallons):
Clarifier:
Aeration
Blowers:
1400
SCFM
M
LSS
7000­
8100
Typical
Rainwater
(
CIWA)
goes
to
tanks
T­
151,152,&
153.
Ground
water
and
leachate
to
T­
150.
Note:
We
have
the
capability
of
sending
leachate
to
T­
151
also,
Le.
when
we
have
to
clean
out
T­
150.
300,000
peak
\
­
HDT
(
Nominal)
12.4
hrs
HDT
(
Nominal)
25
days
Hydraulic
Loading
Rate
310
GPD/
Ft2
F/
M
0.2­
0.5
i
i
I
'
I
i
6.
Please
provide
data
for
other
parameters.
The
Mo
data
alone
is
insufficient
to
assess
the
performance
of
the
treatment
system.
For
each
sample
date,
please
provide
flow,
BOD5,
TSS,
COD,
TOC,
all
metals,
and
all
organics.
Specify
grab
or
com
te
samples.
What
are
the
characteristics
of
your
treatment
system
(
type
of
variability)
supports
using
Mo
grab
les
rather
that
composite
samples
for
this
assessment?

iod
were
analyzed
for
all
of
the
Deer
Park
effluent
parameters.
The
Attachment
#
3
fluent
to
the
system
as
it
flows
from
the
holding
tank
to
the
treated
water
exited
the
clarifier
(
after
solids
separation).
several
hours
of
holding
time
in
the
PACT
treatment
system.
r
was
from
one
holding
tank
and
effluent
wastewater
actually
only
switched
every
3­
6
days,
so
this
is
normally
not
an
issue.

new
polyethylene
containers
and
transported
immediately
to
the
scheduled
for
analysis
by
Inductively
ater
metals
analysis
for
the
discharge
rs
of
experience
with
metals
analysis
in
P
method
6010
with
supporting
QNQC.
thod
used
is
the
same
as
EPA
method
The
samples
were
collec
permits
at
the
onsi
water,
wastewater
Experienced
chem
200.7.

The
molybdenum
data
for
the
seven­
day
period
showed
that
molybdenum
is
not
removed
from
the
system.
This
data
agrees
with
the
basic
science
of
metals
treatment,
which
indicates
that
a
biological
or
organics
removal
system
will
not
remove
any
significant
amount
of
molybdenum
from
the
wastewater.
This
is
typically
true
for
molybdenum
and
other
metals
such
as
antimony,
arsenic,
etc.
When
the
CWT
effluent
guidelines
were
determined,
it
is
most
likely
that
any
molybdenum
in
the
effluent
was
also
present
in
the
wastewater
influent
and
passed
through
the
treatment
systems
with
little
or
no
removal.
A
basic
biological
treatment
system
would
require
an
advanced
metals
removal
system
to
be
installed
before
or
after
the
system
to
treat
heavy
metals.

There
are
two
days
of
data
(
June
11
and
12)
when
the
molybdenum
level
in
the
effluent
was
significantly
higher
than
the
effluent.
On
June
12,
the
feed
tank
was
changed
to
a
tank
with
a
lower
concentration
of
molybdenum.
Thus,
the
influent
ievel
in
the
grab
sample
went
down.
The
effluent
concentration
was
higher
as
the
new
feed
water
had
not
been
in
the
system
long
enough
to
lower
the
reactor
concentration.
This
same
situation
in
reverse
can
be
seen
in
the
June
7
and
8
data
when
the
influent
tevels
jumped
from
1.08
mg/
L
to
4.34
mg/
L.
The
feed
tank
source
was
changed
on
June
8.
The
response
in
the
effluent
levels
lagged
for
an
additional
day,
while
the
mixed
reactor
received
the
new
source
water.
This
data
cate
that
a
reduction
in
molybdenum
was
occurring,
but
it
was
actually
due
to
a
feed
­
eight
hours
later,
the
levels
in
the
effluent
had
increased
to
concentrations
similar
to
uent
level
dropped,
while
the
effluent
remained
high.
The
feed
tank
change
The
influent
sample
is
being
reanalyzed
(
a
duplicate
as
taken)
and
the
8.
For
the
North
&
South
landfill
leachate
samples,
please
provide
data
for
other
parameters,
if
available?

The
operating
condition
ided
in
Attachment
the
wastewater
treatment
plant
on
the
dates
the
samples
were
collected
are
T
wast
a
\
nu
N
0
0
'
l
n
n
a
t
I
­
L
in
0
'
0
3
T
­
L
s
s
w
­
L
A
­
1:
e
n
m
CD
2
B
cr
v)
4
Attachment
#
2
Mr.
Richard
Witliams
Edorcement
Division
Database
and
Administration
Team
@
IC
224)

P.
8.
Box
23887
Austin,
Texas
7871
1­
3087
Re:
Discharge
Monitoring
Report
NPDES
Permit
No.
Txoo05941
.
Clem
Harbors
Deer
Park,
LP
F
k
e
r
l
y
Safety­
Kleen
(
Deer
Pan%;),
1.
n~­
I
TEXAS
COMMISSION
ONEMONMENTAL
91T
.

­

.
.

Dear
Mr.
Williams:

Enclosed
is
the
Discharge
Monitoring
Report
for
83.
There
were
no
excursions
of
the
reported
discharge
.
limitations
during
this
period.

K
~
Q
U
have
any
questions
or
comkekts,
please
Mimager,
at
(
281)
930­
24S2
or
Technical
Seni
contact
Timothy
F.
Kent,
Senior
Compliance
ce
Hu
at
(
281)
930­
2393.

Very
truly
yours,

Dennis
G.
wainwright
c/

General
Manager
.
.
03
06­
043
.
dm
DGW/
sg
Enclosure
cc:
Timothy
P.
Kent,
Clean
Harbors
Deer
Park,
M.
Grace
Hu,
Clean
Harbors
Deer
Park,
LP
Lee
Hoover,
Clean
Harbor5
Deer
Park,
LP
Mail
Receipt
7002
0860
0005
5014
6709
.
.
u..
.~
­_,..
.=
FI­
i
...
r­.:.??
I.,:
.
.
.

.
.
.
..
:
.
.

..:,

.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
~.
::.
.
..
­

..
.
..
.
'
.
.
.
.
'.
a.
I:
..
.
.
I
./;
_<
j
ervices
Manager,
M.

I
I
I
I
!
An
employee­
owned
company
Min
Grace
Hu,
PhD.
Director
of
Laboratories
Clean
Harbors
Deer
Park
L.
P.
P.
0.
Box
609
Deer
Park,
Texas
77536
8
May
2003
PBS&
J
Job
NO.:
470136.00­
0301
PBSBrJ
Login
No.:
00305­
109
..
Order
For
information
Docket
No.:
VI­
92­
1198
Outfall
001
1
Deer
Park
Bear
Dr.
Hu:

Attached
please
find
the
report,
and
original
records,
on
acute
bioassays
of
Clean
Harbors
Deer
Park
L.
P.
Outfall
001
effluent.
Based
on
the
Critical
Dilution,
the
effluent
was
not
toxic
to
Mysidopsis
bahia.

The
Whole
Effluent
Toxicity
tests
reported
herein
were
conducted
according
to
the
appropriate
permit­
required
EPA
protocol
and
are
in
compliance
with
the
National
Environrnentai
Laboratory
Accreditation
Conference
(
NEMC)
Standards.

Should
you
have
any
questions
or
comments,
please
do
not
hesitate
to
call.

Faust
R.
Parker,
Jr.,
Ph.
Laboratory
Director
FRP:
ma
Enclosure
#
Pages:
Ltr
f
Environmentat
Toxicology
Laboratory
888
W.
Sam
Houston
Pkwy
S.,
Suite
110
5
Houston,
Texas
77042­
1917
0
Telephone:
713.977.1500
e
Fax:
713.977.9233
www.
pbsj.
com
ENVIRONMENTAL
T
OGY
LABORATORY
AC
RBSbJ
JOB
NO.
470136.00­
0301
>>
..
.
ENVIRONMENTAL
TOXICOLOGY
L(
IBBORAT0RY
/
1623
h­
ambient
light;

l
v
d
in
accordance
with
the
method
stanaards
or
according
to
the
exception(
s)
as
noted:

EPA
48
hr
Mysfdopsis
bahia
­
QAU
Form
#
2335E
Page
1
of
3
Acute
Toxicity
Test
with
Mysidopsfs
bahia
/

EPA
48
hr
Mysidopsis
babia
p
QAU
Form
#
t
2335E
T.
C%;
Initial'
eview
Page
2
of
3
 PA
48
hr
Mysidopsb
bahia
­
QAU
Form
#
2335E
Page
3
of
3
,
.
.

I
STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
*******
*********

TOTAL
MEAN
X
COEF
VAR
5.28
0.00'
0.00
5.28
0,
oo
12
28
THE
DATA
NOT
NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED.

THE
NUMBER
OF
REPLICATES
IS
EQUAL;
STEELS
MANY­
ONE
RANK
TEST
WILL
BE
USED.

RANK
SUMS
**************
**************
f****************************************

CONCENTRATION
VALUE
SIGNIFICANT
EFFLUENT
RAEJK
SUM
CRITICAL
STATISTICALLY
*********************
f************************************************~
1
30.0
16.0
NO
8%
El?
17%
El?
30.0
16.0
NO
27.5
16.0
NO
23%
EF
30%
EF
30.0
16.0
NO
40%
EP
19.5
NO
******************************************
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

PBS&
J
Job
NO.
470136.00­
0301
PBS&
J
Login
No.
0305109
.­
Mysidopsis
bahia
­
48­
Hours
Copper
in
[
Cu(
N03)
2]

m
LCSO
­
Q­
Moving
Average
+
Upper
Control
tirnit
+
Lower
Control
Limit
\

.
.
­
.
,

s
Reviewed
by:
S.
Bunch
5/
6/
03
\

3"
e
m
S
al
Q
x
E
­
r
.­
.
a
5
­
a
l
­

P
I
t
t
t
1
I
I
'
I
1
t'
X
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
li
X
___
I_;~
~..~­.
­__
LI
.
.....

.­.

..
~
~

..........
.................
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
*
`
­
E
b
c
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
­.
.
._
.
.,
,
..
.
.
,
..
.
..
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.~_______
.....
~~~~
.
.
~
..
.,_­
I
.
_
i_
l._
L_
l~­­
­
­

,.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"...
­
.............
...,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
c
_
­
___
.
...
....
.
...
.
~
e
_
"
.
P
.
...
.
......
.,

%
.
.
..
.
...
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

t
..
...
.
.
.
i
I­
!

.
.

i
"
People
urd
Tecbology
Creating
rm
Better
Environment"

d"
I
YROTAF1OEI.
A­
l
3
"
/
.
.

t
.
i
­
I
,
!
wsivsFl
lsijinl
I
F
­
­
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..........
..:.
..............
_.
­
we*.­

.
.
.
.
.
...
..
.
.­
....
.,
.
.
..
..­

waivs53
Isifini
E
to
E
aesq
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
­
............
:..
..
::
............
,.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
I
.............
:;
.._.
...
.
I
....

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.,
­
.
.
.
.
.
.­
.____
_
_
.
.
.
.
­

I
.

._,
.
_.
.
.
..~
._...
___.
._._.
.
..
.
.
.:
.
..
.,...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

r.
o
,

.
.
'
.

.
,
I
.......
.­

..

__
..
.
__
.......
._
.
,

t
.
i
t
..
\

....
­
a.
r
&.
e
oeb
PSPr
T.
8
E.
E
.
5s
S.
0
rlanua
.
E!
xd
bswsivsFj
soos\
erir
r
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
_
~
_
.
.
.
.
~
..........
~
,
,
.
.
.
..

EWRONMENTAL
I
Clean
Harbors
Beer
park,
LP
[
Formerly
Safety­
Kkn
peer
Park),
Inc.]

Enclosed
is
the
Discharge
Monitoring
Reqort
for
October
2002.
There
'
opere
no
excursions
of
the
reported
discharge
limitations
during
this
period.

If
you
have
any
questions
or
comments,
please
do
not
hesitate
to
contact
Timothy
F:
Kent,
CQI@~
ZIUZ
Manager,
at
(
281)
930­
2482
or
Technical
Services
Manager,
M.
Grace
Hu
at
(
281)
930­
2393.

Deds
G.
Wahwright
GeneralManager
.,

021
1­
043.
dg~
DGWh
.

EhdQSUE
cc:
Timothy
F.
Kent,
Clean
Harbors
Deer
Park,
M.
Grace
Hu,
Clean
Harbor5
Deer
P
Lee
Hoover,
Clean
Harbors
Deer
Park,
Certified
Mail
Receipt
"
7001
25510
8008
0803
5284
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
/
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

I
,

.
.

a'

u)
0
e
P
x
E
e
e
m
'
5
D.
a
u)

a
e
E
x
s
6
2
N
m
E
L
L
5
8
`
t
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
,
.
,
,.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
,
,
..
.
.
.
.
....
".
.
.
...
.
.
.
._
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
U
\
.....
.
..,,
.
.
.
...
..
__...
,
...
.
...
...
......
.
..
..
.
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.­
­­
..
.
.
a
..
.­

1
t
I
I
1
I
L
I
ha
k
sx:
Q
3
4
z&
.........
.
....

5
ABORATORY
..
CHMENTS
­

I
­
..
CHMENTS
­
.

tatistical
Analyses,
as.
needed
k
tody
Record(
s)
I
I
e(
s),
as
needed
,
i
93
EPA
48
hr
Mysidopsis
bahia
­
QAU
Fqrm
#
2335E
Page
4
of
3
'
Acute
Toxicity
Test
with
Mysidopsis
bahia
.

Comments:
I'
,
EPA
48
hr
Mysidopsis
bahia
­
QAU
Form
#
2335E
Page
3
of
3
%
EF
30%

TOTAL
10.0
10.0
.
10.0
9
.
8
8.0
MEANX
1Q.
0
%
SURVIVAL
180.0
L
O
O
.
0
100
­
0
100.0
98.0
80.0
*************************~**************************************~*****~

THE
ARCSINE
SQUARE
ROOT
TRANSFORM
WILL
BE
USED
FOR
STATISTICAL
ASALIYSIS.

CSINE
SQUARE
ROOT
COEFFI
COEF
VAR
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.00
5
.
2
8
8.23
T E$
DATA
AWE
NOT
NORMaLLY
DISTRIBUTED.
I
.

THE
NUMBER
OF
REPLICATES
IS
EQUAL;
STEELS
M
k
Y
­
O
N
E
RANK
"
XST
WILL
BE
USED.

W
M
SUMS
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
X
*
*
*
*
*
*
~
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Q
*
*
*
*
*
9
X
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
~
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
~
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
~
*
*
EFFLUENT
RANK
SUM
CRITICAL
STATISTICALLY
CONCENTRATION
VALUE
'
SIGNIFICANT
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
8%
EF
27.5
16.0
17%
EF
27.5
16.0
23%
EF
27.5
16.0
30%
EF
2
5
.
0
16.0
48%
EF
15.0
16.0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

2
PBS&
J
Job
NO.
478136.00­
0381
PBS&
J
Login
No.
0208­
182
...
.­
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.......
.
­
.
.
EJ
L
a
o
e
Muving
Average
+
Upper
C
~
~
t
r
e
l
Limit
+
bmrer
Control
Limit
.
.

.
,

.
.
..

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Reviewed
by:
S.
Bunch
8/
2612002
.
­

.
.
..
Mr.
Richard
Williams
I
I
P.
0.
Box
13087
I
AUS~~
II,
T
~
x
~
s
78711­
3087
I
I
,

DearMr.
Williatms:

or
Tecbnid
Services
Manager,

I
2027
BaFtleground
Rod
st
Office
Box
6Q9
Deer
Park,
Texas
77536
281.938.2300
Fax
281.930.231
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..........
.
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..­
­.
.
.
.
.
....
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
­
..
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
,
.
,
..
I
2'
P
:

h)
0
.
a
0
0
P
b
.
.

.
,
I
OOOI
4666
7449
2027
BattPegroandRoad
*
­
Post
Office
Box
609
Deer
Park,
Texas
77536
281.930.2300
Fax
281.930.2316
I
!/
il
~~
~
~
~~~
.~
~
~~
.
~
,
_.
­
_.
__­
LL_
~~~~~
­

~.
,
I
I
,
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
.
.
....
...
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
,
.
.
....
.
.
.
.
..
.

I
,
m
u­
3
&
$
­
&
P
I
­­

*
I
..............
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
­
..
rn
*
m
M
%
­

S
I
B
t
.
v
v
v
v
v
.
v
v
v
v
0
0
0
0
0
c3
0
0­

z
z
2
2
2
z
z
9
9
9
9
8
9
9
0000000
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
­
c
o
c
o
c
o
c
o
c
o
c
o
c
o
0000
0
9
9
9
0000
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
z
8
V
m
m
m
m
m
00000
00000
9
9
9
9
9
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
22222
g
z
g
g
g
v
v
v
v
v
2
2
2
z
z
9
9
9
.
9
9
00000
v
v
v
­
v
v
co
c
n
b
c
o
v
)
c
o
0
O
N
O
h
l
O
9
9
9
9
9
0000000
V
s
V
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
00000000000000
00000000000000
00000000000000
00000000000000
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
\
(
D
cn
(
9
2
0
(
D
@?
­
4
r
P
rn
N
(
3
d­
v!
r
@?
7
9
.
i­
T­

8
7
r
7
8
9
0
V
V
0
0
N
0
0
N
d­
d­
8
0
W
d­
0)
N
m
(
v
03
co
2
s
Y
c
m
L
r
r
8
8
V
r
7­
r
9
0
V
8
8
V
0
0
W
co
d­
W
0
N
0
b
P
0
0
0
p3
d
P
L
n
Attachment
#
5
­
J