Document ID: EPA-R05-OAR-2006-0517-0001
Agency: epa
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: Proposed Approval Redesignating the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County, Michigan 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas to Attainment
Posted Date: 2006-12-07T05:00Z

[Federal Register: December 7, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 235)]
[Proposed Rules]               
[Page 70915-70930]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr07de06-27]                         

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 52 and 81

[EPA-R05-OAR-2006-0517; FRL-8251-7]

 
Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans and Designation 
of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes; MI; Redesignation of Grand 
Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, 
Huron County, and Mason County 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas to 
Attainment for Ozone

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to make determinations under the Clean Air 
Act (CAA) that the nonattainment areas of Grand Rapids (Kent and Ottawa 
Counties), Kalamazoo-Battle Creek (Calhoun, Kalamazoo, and Van Buren 
Counties), Lansing-East Lansing (Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties), 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County have attained the 8-hour 
ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). These 
determinations are based on two three-year periods of complete, 
quality-assured ambient air quality monitoring data for the 2002-2004 
seasons and the 2003-2005 seasons that demonstrate that the 8-hour 
ozone NAAQS have been attained in the areas.
    EPA is proposing to approve requests from the State of Michigan to 
redesignate the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East 
Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas to 
attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. The Michigan Department of 
Environmental Quality (MDEQ) submitted these requests on May 9, 2006 
and supplemented them on May 26, 2006 and August 25, 2006. In proposing 
to approve these requests, EPA is also proposing to approve, as 
revisions to the Michigan State Implementation Plan (SIP), the State's 
plans for maintaining the 8-hour ozone NAAQS through 2018 in the areas. 
EPA also finds adequate and is proposing to approve the State's 2018 
Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-
Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and 
Mason County areas.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before January 8, 2007.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-
OAR-2006-0517, by one of the following methods:
     http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line 

instructions for submitting comments.
     E-mail: mooney.john@epa.gov.
     Fax: (312) 886-5824.
     Mail: John M. Mooney, Chief, Criteria Pollutant Section, 
Air Programs Branch, (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 
West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604.
     Hand delivery: John M. Mooney, Chief, Criteria Pollutant 
Section, Air Programs Branch, (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 18th floor, Chicago, Illinois 60604. 
Such deliveries are only accepted during the Regional Office normal 
hours of operation, and special arrangements should be made for 
deliveries of boxed information. The Regional Office official hours of 
business are Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. excluding 
Federal holidays.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-
2006-0517. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included 
in the public docket without change and may be made available online at 
http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided, 

unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you consider to 
be CBI or otherwise protected through http://www.regulations.gov or e-mail. 

The http://www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, 

which means EPA will not know your identity or contact information 
unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e-
mail comment directly to EPA without going through http://www.regulations.gov, 

your e-mail address will be automatically captured and included as part 
of the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available 
on the Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends 
that you include your name and other contact information in the body of 
your comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read 
your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic 
files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of 
encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses. For additional 
instructions on submitting comments, go to Section I of the 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document.
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the 
http://www.regulations.gov

[[Page 70916]]

index. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly 
available, e.g., CBI or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted 
material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly 
available docket materials are available either electronically in 
http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Environmental Protection 

Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson 
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. This facility is open from 8:30 
a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. We 
recommend that you telephone Kathleen D'Agostino, Environmental 
Engineer, at (312) 886-1767 before visiting the Region 5 office.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kathleen D'Agostino, Environmental 
Engineer, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 886-1767, dagostino.kathleen@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,'' 
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA. This supplementary information 
section is arranged as follows:

Table of Contents

I. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?
II. What Actions Is EPA Proposing To Take?
III. What Is the Background for These Actions?
IV. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation?
V. Why Is EPA Proposing To Take These Actions?
VI. What Is the Effect of These Actions?
VII. What Is EPA's Analysis of the Requests?
    i. Attainment Determination and Redesignation
    ii. Adequacy of Michigan's Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets
VIII. What Actions Is EPA Taking Today?
IX. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?

A. Submitting CBI

    Do not submit this information to EPA through http://www.regulations.gov 

or e-mail. Clearly mark the part or all of the information that you 
claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk or CD ROM that you mail 
to EPA, mark the outside of the disk or CD ROM as CBI and then identify 
electronically within the disk or CD ROM the specific information that 
is claimed as CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment 
that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that 
does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for 
inclusion in the public docket. Information so marked will not be 
disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 
2.

B. Tips for Preparing Your Comments

    When submitting comments, remember to:
    1. Identify the rulemaking by docket number and other identifying 
information (subject heading, Federal Register date and page number).
    2. Follow directions--The EPA may ask you to respond to specific 
questions or organize comments by referencing a Code of Federal 
Regulations (CFR) part or section number.
    3. Explain why you agree or disagree; suggest alternatives and 
substitute language for your requested changes.
    4. Describe any assumptions and provide any technical information 
and/or data that you used.
    5. If you estimate potential costs or burdens, explain how you 
arrived at your estimate in sufficient detail to allow for it to be 
reproduced.
    6. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns, and 
suggest alternatives.
    7. Explain your views as clearly as possible, avoiding the use of 
profanity or personal threats.
    8. Make sure to submit your comments by the comment period deadline 
identified.

II. What Actions Is EPA Proposing To Take?

    EPA is proposing to take several related actions. EPA is proposing 
to make determinations that the Grand Rapids (Kent and Ottawa 
Counties), Kalamazoo-Battle Creek (Calhoun, Kalamazoo and Van Buren 
Counties), Lansing-East Lansing (Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties), 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County, Michigan nonattainment 
areas have attained the 8-hour ozone standard and that these areas have 
met the requirements for redesignation under section 107(d)(3)(E) of 
the CAA. EPA is thus proposing to approve Michigan's requests to change 
the legal designations of the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas from nonattainment to attainment for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. EPA 
is also proposing to approve Michigan's maintenance plan SIP revisions 
for Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie 
County, Huron County, and Mason County (such approvals being one of the 
CAA criteria for redesignation to attainment status). The maintenance 
plans are designed to keep the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas in attainment of the ozone NAAQS through 2018. Additionally, EPA 
is announcing its action on the Adequacy Process for the newly-
established 2018 MVEBs for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas. The adequacy comment periods for the 2018 MVEBs began on June 1, 
2006, with EPA's posting of the availability of these submittals on 
EPA's Adequacy Web site (at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/[fxsp0
]stateresources/[fxsp0]transconf/adequacy.htm). The adequacy 

comment periods for these MVEBs ended on July 3, 2006. EPA did not 
receive any requests for these submittals or adverse comments on these 
submittals during the adequacy comment periods. Please see the Adequacy 
section of this rulemaking for further explanation on this process. 
Therefore, we find adequate and are proposing to approve the State's 
2018 MVEBs for transportation conformity purposes.

III. What Is the Background for These Actions?

    Ground-level ozone is not emitted directly by sources. Rather, 
emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic 
compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level 
ozone. NOX and VOCs are referred to as precursors of ozone.
    The CAA establishes a process for air quality management through 
the NAAQS. Before promulgation of the current 8-hour standard, the 
ozone NAAQS was based on a 1-hour standard. At the time EPA revoked the 
1-hour ozone NAAQS, on June 15, 2005, the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-
Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and 
Mason County areas were all designated as attainment under the 1-hour 
ozone NAAQS.
    On July 18, 1997, EPA promulgated a revised 8-hour ozone standard 
of 0.08 parts per million (ppm). This new standard is more stringent 
than the previous 1-hour standard. On April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23857), EPA 
published a final rule designating and classifying areas under the 8-
hour ozone NAAQS. These designations and classifications became 
effective June 15, 2004. The CAA required EPA to designate as 
nonattainment any area that was violating the 8-hour ozone NAAQS based 
on the three most recent years of air quality data, 2001-2003.
    The CAA contains two sets of provisions, subpart 1 and subpart 2, 
that

[[Page 70917]]

address planning and control requirements for nonattainment areas. 
(Both are found in title I, part D, 42 U.S.C. 7501-7509a and 7511-
7511f, respectively.) Subpart 1 (which EPA refers to as ``basic'' 
nonattainment) contains general requirements for nonattainment areas 
for any pollutant, including ozone, governed by a NAAQS. Subpart 2 
(which EPA refers to as ``classified'' nonattainment) provides more 
specific requirements for ozone nonattainment areas. Some ozone 
nonattainment areas are subject only to the provisions of subpart 1. 
Other ozone nonattainment areas are subject to the provisions of both 
subparts 1 and 2. Under EPA's 8-hour ozone implementation rule, (69 FR 
23951 (April 30, 2004)), an area was classified under subpart 2 based 
on its 8-hour ozone design value (i.e., the 3-year average annual 
fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration), if it 
had a 1-hour design value at the time of designation at or above 0.121 
ppm (the lowest 1-hour design value in Table 1 of subpart 2) (69 FR 
23954). All other areas are covered under subpart 1, based upon their 
8-hour design values (69 FR 23958). The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle 
Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason 
County areas were all designated as subpart 1, 8-hour ozone 
nonattainment areas by EPA on April 30, 2004, (69 FR 23857, 23910-
23911) based on air quality monitoring data from 2001-2003 (69 FR 
23860).
    40 CFR 50.10 and 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix I provide that the 8-hour 
ozone standard is attained when the 3-year average of the annual 
fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration is less 
than or equal to 0.08 ppm, when rounded. The data completeness 
requirement is met when the average percent of days with valid ambient 
monitoring data is greater than 90%, and no single year has less than 
75% data completeness. See 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix I, 2.3(d).
    On May 9, 2006, Michigan requested that EPA redesignate the Grand 
Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, 
Huron County, and Mason County areas to attainment for the 8-hour ozone 
standard. The redesignation requests included three years of complete, 
quality-assured data for the period of 2002 through 2004, as well as 
complete quality assured data for 2005, indicating the 8-hour NAAQS for 
ozone had been attained for all of the areas covered by the request. 
Under the CAA, nonattainment areas may be redesignated to attainment if 
sufficient complete, quality-assured data are available for the 
Administrator to determine that the area has attained the standard, and 
the area meets the other CAA redesignation requirements in section 
107(d)(3)(E).

IV. What Are the Criteria for Redesignation?

    The CAA provides the requirements for redesignating a nonattainment 
area to attainment. Specifically, section 107(d)(3)(E) allows for 
redesignation provided that: (1) The Administrator determines that the 
area has attained the applicable NAAQS; (2) the Administrator has fully 
approved the applicable implementation plan for the area under section 
110(k); (3) the Administrator determines that the improvement in air 
quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions 
resulting from implementation of the applicable SIP and applicable 
federal air pollutant control regulations and other permanent and 
enforceable reductions; (4) the Administrator has fully approved a 
maintenance plan for the area as meeting the requirements of section 
175A; and (5) the state containing such area has met all requirements 
applicable to the area under section 110 and part D.
    EPA provided guidance on redesignation in the General Preamble for 
the Implementation of Title I of the CAA Amendments of 1990, on April 
16, 1992 (57 FR 13498), and supplemented this guidance on April 28, 
1992 (57 FR 18070). EPA has provided further guidance on processing 
redesignation requests in the following documents:
    ``Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Design Value Calculations'', Memorandum 
from William G. Laxton, Director Technical Support Division, June 18, 
1990;
    ``Maintenance Plans for Redesignation of Ozone and Carbon Monoxide 
Nonattainment Areas,'' Memorandum from G.T. Helms, Chief, Ozone/Carbon 
Monoxide Programs Branch, April 30, 1992;
    ``Contingency Measures for Ozone and Carbon Monoxide (CO) 
Redesignations,'' Memorandum from G. T. Helms, Chief, Ozone/Carbon 
Monoxide Programs Branch, June 1, 1992;
    ``Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to 
Attainment,'' Memorandum from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality 
Management Division, September 4, 1992;
    ``State Implementation Plan (SIP) Actions Submitted in Response to 
Clean Air Act (ACT) Deadlines,'' Memorandum from John Calcagni, 
Director, Air Quality Management Division, October 28, 1992;
    ``Technical Support Documents (TSD's) for Redesignation Ozone and 
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nonattainment Areas,'' Memorandum from G. T. 
Helms, Chief, Ozone/Carbon Monoxide Programs Branch, August 17, 1993;
    ``State Implementation Plan (SIP) Requirements for Areas Submitting 
Requests for Redesignation to Attainment of the Ozone and Carbon 
Monoxide (CO) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) On or 
After November 15, 1992,'' Memorandum from Michael H. Shapiro, Acting 
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, September 17, 1993;
    ``Use of Actual Emissions in Maintenance Demonstrations for Ozone 
and CO Nonattainment Areas,'' Memorandum from D. Kent Berry, Acting 
Director, Air Quality Management Division, to Air Division Directors, 
Regions 1-10, dated November 30, 1993.
    ``Part D New Source Review (part D NSR) Requirements for Areas 
Requesting Redesignation to Attainment,'' Memorandum from Mary D. 
Nichols, Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, October 14, 
1994; and
    ``Reasonable Further Progress, Attainment Demonstration, and 
Related Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment Areas Meeting the Ozone 
National Ambient Air Quality Standard,'' Memorandum from John S. Seitz, 
Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, May 10, 1995.

V. Why Is EPA Proposing To Take These Actions?

    On May 9, 2006, Michigan requested redesignation of the Grand 
Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, 
Huron County, and Mason County areas to attainment for the 8-hour ozone 
standard. Michigan supplemented their submittal on May 26, 2006. EPA 
believes that the areas have attained the standard and have met the 
requirements for redesignation set forth in section 107(d)(3)(E) of the 
CAA.

VI. What Is the Effect of These Actions?

    Approval of the redesignation requests would change the official 
designation of the areas for the 8-hour ozone NAAQS found at 40 CFR 
part 81. It would also incorporate into the Michigan SIP plans for 
maintaining the 8-hour ozone NAAQS through 2018. The maintenance plans 
include contingency measures to remedy future violations of the 8-hour 
NAAQS. They also establish MVEBs for the year 2018 of 40.70 tons per 
day (tpd) VOC and 97.87 tpd NOX for the Grand Rapids area, 
29.67 tpd VOC and 54.36 tpd NOX

[[Page 70918]]

for the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek area, 28.32 tpd VOC and 53.07 tpd 
NOX for the Lansing-East Lansing area, 2.24 tpd VOC and 1.99 
tpd NOX for the Benzie County area, 2.34 tpd VOC and 7.53 
tpd NOX for the Huron County area, and 1.81 tpd VOC and 2.99 
tpd NOX for the Mason County area.

VII. What Is EPA's Analysis of the Requests?

i. Attainment Determination and Redesignation

    EPA is proposing to make determinations that the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County nonattainment areas have attained the 8-hour 
ozone standard and that the areas have met all other applicable section 
107(d)(3)(E) redesignation criteria. The basis for EPA's determinations 
is as follows:
1. The Areas Have Attained the 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS (Section 
107(d)(3)(E)(i))
    EPA is proposing to make determinations that the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas have attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. 
For ozone, an area may be considered to be attaining the 8-hour ozone 
NAAQS if there are no violations, as determined in accordance with 40 
CFR 50.10 and Part 50, Appendix I, based on three complete, consecutive 
calendar years of quality-assured air quality monitoring data. To 
attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily 
maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor 
within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm. Based on the 
rounding convention described in 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix I, the 
standard is attained if the design value is 0.084 ppm or below. The 
data must be collected and quality-assured in accordance with 40 CFR 
part 58, and recorded in the Aerometric Information Retrieval System 
(AIRS). The monitors generally should have remained at the same 
location for the duration of the monitoring period required for 
demonstrating attainment.
    MDEQ submitted ozone monitoring data for the 2002 to 2004 ozone 
seasons. They also submitted data for the 2005 ozone season. The MDEQ 
quality assured the ambient monitoring in accordance with 40 CFR 58.10, 
and recorded it in the AIRS database, thus making the data publicly 
available. The data meets the completeness criteria in 40 CFR Part 50, 
Appendix I, which requires a minimum completeness of 75 percent 
annually and 90 percent over each three year period. Monitoring data is 
presented in Table 1 below. Data completeness information is presented 
in Table 2 below.

      Table 1.--Annual 4th High Daily Maximum 8-Hour Ozone Concentration and 3-Year Averages of 4th High Daily Maximum 8-Hour Ozone Concentrations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                      2002-      2003-
                                                                                        2002  4th  2003  4th  2004  4th  2005  4th     2004       2005
                Area                           County                  Monitor             high       high       high       high     average    average
                                                                                          (ppm)      (ppm)      (ppm)      (ppm)      (ppm)      (ppm)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Rapids........................  Kent...................  Grand Rapids 26-0810020      0.087      0.085      0.068      0.083      0.080      0.079
                                                               Evans 26-0810022.......      0.088      0.093      0.072      0.083      0.084      0.083
                                      Ottawa.................  Jenison 26-1390005.....      0.093      0.090      0.069      0.086      0.084      0.082
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek..............  Kalamazoo..............  Kalamazoo 26-0770008...      0.090      0.085      0.068      0.086      0.081      0.080
Lansing-East Lansing................  Clinton................  Rose Lake 26-0370001...      0.085      0.086      0.070      0.078      0.080      0.078
                                      Ingham.................  Lansing-East Lansing 26-     0.088      0.085      0.068      0.082      0.080      0.078
                                                                0650012.
Benzie..............................  Benzie.................  Frankfort 26-0190003...      0.086      0.089      0.075      0.086      0.083      0.083
Huron...............................  Huron..................  Harbor Beach 26-0633006      0.087      0.086      0.068      0.077      0.080      0.077
Mason...............................  Mason..................  Scottville 26-1050007..      0.089      0.087      0.071      0.085      0.082      0.081
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                       Table 2.--Data Completeness in Percent (%)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                    2002-2004  2003-2005
                  Area                             County                     Monitor             2002     2003     2004     2005    average    average
                                                                                                  (%)      (%)      (%)      (%)       (%)        (%)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Rapids...........................  Kent......................  Grand Rapids 26-0810020..       97       98       98       99         98         98
                                         ..........................  Evans 26-0810022.........      100      100       99       98        100         99
                                         Ottawa....................  Jenison 26-1390005.......       99      100       98       99         99         99
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek.................  Kalamazoo.................  Kalamazoo 26-0770008.....      100       97      100       98         99         99
Lansing-East Lansing...................  Clinton...................  Rose Lake 26-0370001.....       99      100      100      100        100        100
                                         Ingham....................  Lansing-East Lansing 26-       100       99      100       98        100         99
                                                                      0650012.
Benzie.................................  Benzie....................  Frankfort 26-0190003.....      100      100      100       98        100         99
Huron..................................  Huron.....................  Harbor Beach 26-0633006..      100       97      100       97         99         98
Mason..................................  Mason.....................  Scottville 26-1050007....      100      100       96       95         99         97
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, as discussed below with respect to the maintenance 
plans, MDEQ has committed to continue operating an EPA approved 
monitoring network in accordance with 40 CFR part 58. In summary, EPA 
believes that the data submitted by Michigan provide an adequate 
demonstration that the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-
East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas have 
attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS.

[[Page 70919]]

Furthermore, preliminary monitoring data for the 2006 ozone season show 
that the areas continue to attain the NAAQS.
2. The Areas Have Met All Applicable Requirements Under Section 110 and 
Part D; and the Areas Have Fully Approved SIPs Under Section 110(k) 
(Sections 107(d)(3)(E)(v) and 107(d)(3)(E)(ii))
    We have determined that Michigan has met all currently applicable 
SIP requirements for purposes of redesignation for the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas under Section 110 of the CAA (general 
SIP requirements). We have also determined that the Michigan SIP meets 
all SIP requirements currently applicable for purposes of redesignation 
under Part D of Title I of the CAA (requirements specific to Subpart 1 
nonattainment areas), in accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(v). In 
addition, we have determined that the Michigan SIP is fully approved 
with respect to all applicable requirements for purposes of 
redesignation, in accordance with section 107(d)(3)(E)(ii). In making 
these determinations, we have ascertained what SIP requirements are 
applicable to the areas for purposes of redesignation, and have 
determined that the portions of the SIP meeting these requirements are 
fully approved under section 110(k) of the CAA. As discussed more fully 
below, SIPs must be fully approved only with respect to currently 
applicable requirements of the CAA.
    a. The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas have met all 
applicable requirements under section 110 and part D of the CAA. The 
September 4, 1992 Calcagni memorandum (see ``Procedures for Processing 
Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment,'' Memorandum from John 
Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division, September 4, 1992) 
describes EPA's interpretation of section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. 
Under this interpretation, a state and the area it wishes to 
redesignate must meet the relevant CAA requirements that are due prior 
to the state's submittal of a complete redesignation request for the 
area. See also the September 17, 1993 Michael Shapiro memorandum and 60 
FR 12459, 12465-12466 (March 7, 1995) (redesignation of Detroit-Ann 
Arbor, Michigan to attainment of the 1-hour ozone NAAQS). Applicable 
requirements of the CAA that come due subsequent to the state's 
submittal of a complete request remain applicable until a redesignation 
to attainment is approved, but are not required as a prerequisite to 
redesignation. See section 175A(c) of the CAA. Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 
F.3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 68 FR 25424, 25427 (May 12, 2003) 
(redesignation of the St. Louis/East St. Louis area to attainment of 
the 1-hour ozone NAAQS).
    General SIP requirements. Section 110(a) of title I of the CAA 
contains the general requirements for a SIP. Section 110(a)(2) provides 
that the implementation plan submitted by a state must have been 
adopted by the state after reasonable public notice and hearing, and 
that, among other things, it includes enforceable emission limitations 
and other control measures, means or techniques necessary to meet the 
requirements of the CAA; provides for establishment and operation of 
appropriate devices, methods, systems and procedures necessary to 
monitor ambient air quality; provides for implementation of a source 
permit program to regulate the modification and construction of any 
stationary source within the areas covered by the plan; includes 
provisions for the implementation of part C, Prevention of Significant 
Deterioration (PSD) and part D, New Source Review (NSR) permit 
programs; includes criteria for stationary source emission control 
measures, monitoring, and reporting; includes provisions for air 
quality modeling; and provides for public and local agency 
participation in planning and emission control rule development.
    Section 110(a)(2)(D) of the CAA requires that SIPs contain measures 
to prevent sources in a state from significantly contributing to air 
quality problems in another state. To implement this provision, EPA has 
required certain states to establish programs to address transport of 
air pollutants (NOX SIP Call,\1\ Clean Air Interstate Rule 
(CAIR) (70 FR 25162)). However, the section 110(a)(2)(D) requirements 
for a state are not linked with a particular nonattainment area's 
designation and classification. EPA believes that the requirements 
linked with a particular nonattainment area's designation and 
classification are the relevant measures to evaluate in reviewing a 
redesignation request. When the transport SIP submittal requirements 
are applicable to a state, they will continue to apply to the state 
regardless of the attainment designation of any one particular area in 
the state. Therefore, we believe that these requirements should not be 
construed to be applicable requirements for purposes of redesignation. 
Further, we believe that the other section 110 elements described above 
that are not connected with nonattainment plan submissions and not 
linked with an area's attainment status are also not applicable 
requirements for purposes of redesignation. A state remains subject to 
these requirements after an area is redesignated to attainment. We 
conclude that only the section 110 and part D requirements which are 
linked with a particular area's designation and classification are the 
relevant measures which we may consider in evaluating a redesignation 
request. This approach is consistent with EPA's existing policy on 
applicability of conformity and oxygenated fuels requirements for 
redesignation purposes, as well as with section 184 ozone transport 
requirements. See Reading, Pennsylvania, proposed and final rulemakings 
(61 FR 53174-53176, October 10, 1996), (62 FR 24826, May 7, 1997); 
Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, Ohio, final rulemaking (61 FR 20458, May 7, 
1996); and Tampa, Florida, final rulemaking (60 FR 62748, December 7, 
1995). See also the discussion on this issue in the Cincinnati ozone 
redesignation (65 FR 37890, June 19, 2000), and in the Pittsburgh ozone 
redesignation (66 FR 50399, October 19, 2001).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ On October 27, 1998 (63 FR 57356), EPA issued a 
NOX SIP call requiring the District of Columbia and 22 
states, including portions of Michigan, to reduce emissions of 
NOX in order to reduce the transport of ozone and ozone 
precursors. In compliance with EPA's NOX SIP call, MDEQ 
has developed rules governing the control of NOX 
emissions from Electric Generating Units (EGUs), major non-EGU 
industrial boilers, and major cement kilns. EPA approved Michigan's 
rules as fulfilling Phase I of the NOX SIP Call on May 4, 
2005 (70 FR 23029).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed above, we believe that section 110 elements which are 
not linked to the area's nonattainment status are not applicable for 
purposes of redesignation. Because there are no section 110 
requirements linked to the part D requirements for 8-hour ozone 
nonattainment areas that have become due, as explained below, there are 
no Part D requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation under 
the 8-hour standard.
    Part D Requirements. EPA has determined that the Michigan SIP meets 
applicable SIP requirements under part D of the CAA, since no 
requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation became due for 
the 8-hour ozone standard prior to MDEQ's submission of the 
redesignation request for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas.

[[Page 70920]]

Under part D, an area's classification determines the requirements to 
which it will be subject. Subpart 1 of part D, found in sections 172-
176 of the CAA, sets forth the basic nonattainment requirements 
applicable to all nonattainment areas. Section 182 of the CAA, found in 
subpart 2 of part D, establishes additional specific requirements 
depending on the area's nonattainment classification. The Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas were all classified as subpart 1 
nonattainment areas, and, therefore, subpart 2 requirements do not 
apply.
    Part D, Subpart 1 applicable SIP requirements. For purposes of 
evaluating these redesignation requests, the applicable part D, subpart 
1 SIP requirements for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas are contained in sections 172(c)(1)-(9). A thorough discussion of 
the requirements contained in section 172 can be found in the General 
Preamble for Implementation of Title I (57 FR 13498, April 16, 1992).
    No requirements applicable for purposes of redesignation under part 
D became due prior to submission of the redesignation request, and, 
therefore, none are applicable to the areas for purposes of 
redesignation. Since the State of Michigan has submitted complete ozone 
redesignation requests for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas prior to the deadline for any submissions required for purposes 
of redesignation, we have determined that these requirements do not 
apply to the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East 
Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas for 
purposes of redesignation.
    Furthermore, EPA has determined that, since PSD requirements will 
apply after redesignation, areas being redesignated need not comply 
with the requirement that a NSR program be approved prior to 
redesignation, provided that the area demonstrates maintenance of the 
NAAQS without part D NSR. A more detailed rationale for this view is 
described in a memorandum from Mary Nichols, Assistant Administrator 
for Air and Radiation, dated October 14, 1994, entitled, ``Part D New 
Source Review Requirements for Areas Requesting Redesignation to 
Attainment.'' Michigan has demonstrated that the areas to be 
redesignated will be able to maintain the standard without part D NSR 
in effect; therefore, EPA concludes that the State need not have a 
fully approved part D NSR program prior to approval of the 
redesignation request. The State's PSD program will become effective in 
the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie 
County, Huron County, and Mason County areas upon redesignation to 
attainment. See rulemakings for Detroit, Michigan (60 FR 12467-12468, 
March 7, 1995); Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, Ohio (61 FR 20458, 20469-20470, 
May 7, 1996); Louisville, Kentucky (66 FR 53665, October 23, 2001); and 
Grand Rapids, Michigan (61 FR 31834-31837, June 21, 1996).
    Section 176 conformity requirements. Section 176(c) of the CAA 
requires states to establish criteria and procedures to ensure that 
federally-supported or funded activities, including highway projects, 
conform to the air quality planning goals in the applicable SIPs. The 
requirement to determine conformity applies to transportation plans, 
programs and projects developed, funded or approved under Title 23 of 
the U.S. Code and the Federal Transit Act (transportation conformity) 
as well as to all other federally-supported or funded projects (general 
conformity). State conformity revisions must be consistent with federal 
conformity regulations relating to consultation, enforcement and 
enforceability, which EPA promulgated pursuant to CAA requirements.
    EPA believes that it is reasonable to interpret the conformity SIP 
requirements as not applying for purposes of evaluating the 
redesignation request under section 107(d) for two reasons. First, the 
requirement to submit SIP revisions to comply with the conformity 
provisions of the CAA continues to apply to areas after redesignation 
to attainment since such areas would be subject to a section 175A 
maintenance plan. Second, EPA's federal conformity rules require the 
performance of conformity analyses in the absence of federally-approved 
state rules. Therefore, because areas are subject to the conformity 
requirements regardless of whether they are redesignated to attainment 
and, because they must implement conformity under federal rules if 
state rules are not yet approved, EPA believes it is reasonable to view 
these requirements as not applying for purposes of evaluating a 
redesignation request. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), 
upholding this interpretation. See also 60 FR 62748, 62749-62750 (Dec. 
7, 1995) (Tampa, Florida).
    EPA approved Michigan's general and transportation conformity SIPs 
on December 18, 1996 (61 FR 66607 and 61 FR 66609, respectively). 
Michigan has submitted on-highway motor vehicle budgets of 40.70 tons 
per day (tpd) VOC and 97.87 tpd NOX for the Grand Rapids 
area, 29.67 tpd VOC and 54.36 tpd NOX for the Kalamazoo-
Battle Creek area, 28.32 tpd VOC and 53.07 tpd NOX for the 
Lansing-East Lansing area, 2.24 tpd VOC and 1.99 tpd NOX for 
the Benzie County area, 2.34 tpd VOC and 7.53 tpd NOX for 
the Huron County area, and 1.81 tpd VOC and 2.99 tpd NOX for 
the Mason County area, based on the areas' projected 2018 emissions 
levels. The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas must use the motor 
vehicle emissions budgets from the maintenance plans in any conformity 
determination that is effective on or after the effective date of the 
maintenance plan approval. Thus, the areas have satisfied all 
applicable requirements under section 110 and part D of the CAA.
    b. The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas have a fully 
approved applicable SIP under section 110(k) of the CAA. EPA has fully 
approved the Michigan SIP for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas under section 110(k) of the CAA for all requirements applicable 
for purposes of redesignation. EPA may rely on prior SIP approvals in 
approving a redesignation request (See the September 4, 1992 John 
Calcagni memorandum, page 3, Southwestern Pennsylvania Growth Alliance 
v. Browner, 144 F.3d 984, 989-990 (6th Cir. 1998), Wall v. EPA, 265 
F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001)) plus any additional measures it may approve 
in conjunction with a redesignation action. See 68 FR 25413, 25426 (May 
12, 2003). Since the passage of the CAA of 1970, Michigan has adopted 
and submitted, and EPA has fully approved, provisions addressing the 
various required SIP elements applicable to the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas under the 1-hour ozone standard. No 
Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie 
County, Huron County, or Mason County area SIP provisions are currently 
disapproved, conditionally approved, or partially approved.

[[Page 70921]]

3. The Improvement in Air Quality Is Due to Permanent and Enforceable 
Reductions in Emissions Resulting From Implementation of the SIP and 
Applicable Federal Air Pollution Control Regulations and Other 
Permanent and Enforceable Reductions. (Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iii))
    EPA finds that Michigan has demonstrated that the observed air 
quality improvement in the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions 
resulting from implementation of the SIP, federal measures, and other 
state-adopted measures.
    In making this demonstration, the State has calculated the change 
in emissions between 1999 and 2002, one of the years the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas monitored attainment. The reduction in 
emissions and the corresponding improvement in air quality over this 
time period can be attributed to a number of regulatory control 
measures that Michigan and upwind areas have implemented in recent 
years. The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas are all impacted, 
in varying degrees, by the transport of ozone and ozone precursors from 
upwind areas. Therefore, local controls as well as controls implemented 
in upwind counties are relevant to the improvement in air quality in 
the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie 
County, Huron County, and Mason County areas.
    a. Permanent and enforceable controls implemented. The following is 
a discussion of permanent and enforceable measures that have been 
implemented in the areas:
    NOX rules. In compliance with EPA's NOX SIP call, 
Michigan developed rules to control NOX emissions from 
Electric Generating Units (EGUs), major non-EGU industrial boilers, and 
major cement kilns. These rules required sources to begin reducing 
NOX emissions in 2004. However, statewide NOX 
emissions actually had begun to decline before 2004, as sources phased 
in emission controls needed to comply with the State's NOX 
emission control regulations. From 2004 on, NOX emissions 
from EGUs have been capped at a statewide total well below pre-2002 
levels. MDEQ expects that NOX emissions will further decline 
as the State meets the requirements of EPA's Phase II NOX 
SIP call (69 FR 21604 (April 21, 2004)).
    Federal Emission Control Measures. Reductions in VOC and 
NOX emissions have occurred statewide as a result of federal 
emission control measures, with additional emission reductions expected 
to occur in the future as the state implements additional emission 
controls. Federal emission control measures include: the National Low 
Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program, Tier 2 emission standards for 
vehicles, gasoline sulfur limits, low sulfur diesel fuel standards, and 
heavy-duty diesel engine standards. In addition, in 2004, EPA issued 
the Clean Air Non-road Diesel Rule (69 FR 38958 (July 29, 2004)). EPA 
expects this rule to reduce off-road diesel emissions through 2010, 
with emission reductions starting in 2008.
    Control Measures in Upwind Areas. Upwind ozone nonattainment areas 
in the Lake Michigan region, including Chicago, Illinois; Gary, 
Indiana; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin have continued to reduce emissions of 
VOC and NOX to meet their rate of progress obligations under 
the 1-hour ozone standard. Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin have all 
developed regulations to control NOX: Illinois and Indiana 
pursuant to the NOX SIP call and Wisconsin to meet rate of 
progress requirements. These upwind reductions in emissions have 
resulted in lower concentrations of transported ozone entering 
Michigan. The emission reductions resulting from these upwind control 
programs are permanent and enforceable.
    b. Emission reductions. Michigan is using 1999 for the 
nonattainment inventory and 2002, one of the years used to demonstrate 
monitored attainment of the NAAQS, for the attainment inventory. MDEQ 
took emissions estimates, with the exception of the nonroad sector, 
from EPA's final 1999 and 2002 National Emissions Inventories (NEI). 
NEI emissions estimates for the nonroad sector were generated using 
different versions of EPA's NONROAD model for 1999 and 2002. To provide 
consistency, Michigan estimated nonroad emissions for both 1999 and 
2002 using the most current version of EPA's National Mobile Inventory 
Model (NMIM).
    Based on the inventories described above, Michigan's submittal 
documents changes in VOC and NOX emissions from 1999 to 2002 
for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas. Emissions data are 
shown in Tables 3 through 14 below.

   Table 3.--Grand Rapids Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Nonattainment Year 1999 in Tons per Year (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Kent                 Ottawa                 Total
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.........................................      4,506      1,134      1,640     37,001      6,146     38,135
Area..........................................     18,002      3,122      7,279      1,132     25,281      4,254
Nonroad.......................................      5,063      4,938      2,598      2,642      7,661      7,580
Onroad........................................     12,225     15,939      5,071      7,774     17,296     23,713
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.....................................     39,796     25,133     16,588     48,549     56,384     73,682
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

             Table 4.--Grand Rapids Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Attainment Year 2002 (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Kent                 Ottawa                 Total
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.........................................      2,104        769      1,375     17,690      3,479     18,459
Area..........................................     14,546      2,862      6,896      1,216     21,442      4,078
Nonroad.......................................      4,956      4,932      2,563      2,629      7,519      7,561

[[Page 70922]]

Onroad........................................     10,392     17,229      3,603      6,079     13,995     23,308
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.....................................     31,998     25,792     14,437     27,614     46,435     53,406
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

              Table 5.--Grand Rapids Area: Comparison of 1999 and 2002 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       VOC                                   NOX
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Sector                                         Net change                            Net change
                                         1999       2002      (1999-2002)      1999       2002      (1999-2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...............................      6,146      3,479          -2,667     38,135     18,459         -19,676
Area................................     25,281     21,442          -3,839      4,254      4,078            -176
Nonroad.............................      7,661      7,519            -142      7,580      7,561             -19
Onroad..............................     17,296     13,995          -3,301     23,713     23,308            -405
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................     56,384     46,435          -9,949     73,682     53,406         -20,276
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                          Table 6.--Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Nonattainment Year 1999 (tpy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Calhoun              Kalamazoo             Van Buren               Total
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...........................................................        499      1,036        547      2,202         32         42      1,078      3,280
Area............................................................      5,077        649      7,709        944      3,699        423     16,485      2,016
Nonroad.........................................................      1,026        982      1,986      1,640      1,105        543      4,117      3,165
Onroad..........................................................      3,633      5,702      5,410      7,489      1,777      3,582     10,820     16,773
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................     10,235      8,369     15,652     12,275      6,613      4,590     32,500     25,234
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            Table 7.--Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Attainment Year 2002 (tpy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Calhoun              Kalamazoo             Van Buren               Total
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...........................................................        580        817        470        816         22         36      1,072      1,669
Area............................................................      3,071        666      8,739      1,033      2,373        303     14,183      2,002
Nonroad.........................................................      1,007        973      1,907      1,620      1,133        535      4,047      3,128
Onroad..........................................................      3,158      5,560      4,796      7,958      1,583      2,953      9,537     16,471
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................      7,816      8,016     15,912     11,427      5,111      3,827     28,839     23,270
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         Table 8.--Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Area: Comparison of 1999 and 2002 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       VOC                                   NOX
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Sector                                         Net change                            Net Change
                                         1999       2002      (1999-2002)      1999       2002      (1999-2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...............................      1,078      1,072              -6      3,280      1,669          -1,611
Area................................     16,485     14,183          -2,302      2,016      2,002             -14
Nonroad.............................      4,117      4,047             -70      3,165      3,128             -37
Onroad..............................     10,820      9,537          -1,283     16,773     16,471            -302
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................     32,500     28,839          -3,661     25,234     23,270          -1,964
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           Table 9.--Lansing-East Lansing Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Nonattainment Year 1999 (tpy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Clinton                Eaton                Ingham                 Total
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...........................................................        188        117         99      2,583      1,668      6,133      1,955      8,833
Area............................................................      2,421        213      3,348        356      6,706      1,293     12,475      1,862
Nonroad.........................................................        879        783        796        876      1,558      1,520      3,233      3,179

[[Page 70923]]

Onroad..........................................................      1,638      3,035      2,335      3,921      6,218      8,360     10,191     15,316
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................      5,126      4,148      6,578      7,736     16,150     17,306     27,854     29,190
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            Table 10.--Lansing-East Lansing Area: Total VOC and NOX; Emissions for Attainment Year 2002 (tpy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Clinton                Eaton                Ingham                 Total
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...........................................................        197        168         56      1,919      2,092      6,150      2,345      8,237
Area............................................................      1,645        232      2,205        416      3,879      1,043      7,729      1,691
Nonroad.........................................................        875        755        779        847      1,541      1,509      3,195      3,111
Onroad..........................................................      1,870      3,432      2,052      3,670      4,678      7,892      8,600     14,994
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................      4,587      4,587      5,092      6,852     12,190     16,594     21,869     28,033
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

          Table 11.--Lansing-East Lansing Area: Comparison of 1999 and 2002 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       VOC                                   NOX
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Sector                                         Net change                            Net change
                                         1999       2002      (1999-2002)      1999       2002      (1999-2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...............................      1,955      2,345             390      8,833      8,237            -596
Area................................     12,475      7,729          -4,746      1,862      1,691            -171
Nonroad.............................      3,233      3,195             -38      3,179      3,111             -68
Onroad..............................     10,191      8,600          -1,591     15,316     14,994            -322
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................     27,854     21,869          -5,985     29,190     28,033          -1,157
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

             Table 12.--Benzie County Area: Comparison of 1999 and 2002 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       VOC                                   NOX
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Sector                                         Net change                            Net change
                                         1999       2002      (1999-2002)      1999       2002      (1999-2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...............................          3          1              -2          4          7               3
Area................................      1,005        783            -222         78         73              -5
Nonroad.............................      1,536      1,643             107        186        182              -4
Onroad..............................        314        323               9        595        584             -11
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................      2,858      2,750            -108        863        846             -17
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

              Table 13.--Huron County Area: Comparison of 1999 and 2002 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       VOC                                   NOX
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Sector                                         Net change                            Net change
                                         1999       2002      (1999-2002)      1999       2002      (1999-2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...............................         36         76              40      1,282      1,468             186
Area................................      2,222      1,008          -1,214        300        174            -126
Nonroad.............................      1,428      1,452              24      1,040      1,018             -22
Onroad..............................        660        509            -151      1,245        908            -337
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................      4,346      3,045          -1,301      3,867      3,568            -299
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 70924]]

              Table 14.--Mason County Area: Comparison of 1999 and 2002 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpy)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       VOC                                   NOX
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Sector                                         Net change                            Net change
                                         1999       2002      (1999-2002)      1999       2002      (1999-2002)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...............................        174        108             -66        587        280            -307
Area................................       1551       1021            -530        157        147             -10
Nonroad.............................       1382       1532             150        288        287              -1
Onroad..............................        536        435            -101        895        758            -137
                                     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total...........................       3643       3096            -547       1927       1472            -455
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Table 5 shows that the Grand Rapids area reduced VOC emissions by 
9,949 tpy and NOX emissions by 20,276 tpy between 1999 and 
2002. Table 8 shows that the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek area reduced VOC 
emissions by 3,661 tpy and NOX emissions by 1,964 tpy 
between 1999 and 2002. Table 11 shows that the Lansing-East Lansing 
area reduced VOC emissions by 5,985 tpy and NOX emissions by 
1,157 tpy between 1999 and 2002. Table 12 shows that the Benzie County 
area reduced VOC emissions by 108 tpy and NOX emissions by 
17 tpy between 1999 and 2002. Table 13 shows that the Huron County area 
reduced VOC emissions by 1,301 tpy and NOX emissions by 299 
tpy between 1999 and 2002. Table 14 shows that the Mason County area 
reduced VOC emissions by 547 tpy and NOX emissions by 455 
tpy between 1999 and 2002.
    Based on the information summarized above, Michigan has adequately 
demonstrated that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent 
and enforceable emissions reductions.
4. The Areas Have a Fully Approved Maintenance Plan Pursuant to Section 
175a of the CAA. (Section 107(d)(3)(E)(iv))
    In conjunction with its requests to redesignate the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County nonattainment areas to attainment status, 
Michigan submitted SIP revisions to provide for the maintenance of the 
8-hour ozone NAAQS in these areas through 2018.
    a. What is required in a maintenance plan? Section 175A of the CAA 
sets forth the required elements of a maintenance plan for areas 
seeking redesignation from nonattainment to attainment. Under section 
175A, the plan must demonstrate continued attainment of the applicable 
NAAQS for at least ten years after the Administrator approves a 
redesignation to attainment. Eight years after the redesignation, the 
State must submit a revised maintenance plan which demonstrates that 
attainment will continue to be maintained for ten years following the 
initial ten-year maintenance period. To address the possibility of 
future NAAQS violations, the maintenance plan must contain contingency 
measures with a schedule for implementation as EPA deems necessary to 
assure prompt correction of any future 8-hour ozone violations.
    The September 4, 1992 John Calcagni memorandum provides additional 
guidance on the content of a maintenance plan. The memorandum clarifies 
that an ozone maintenance plan should address the following items: the 
attainment VOC and NOX emissions inventories, a maintenance 
demonstration showing maintenance for the ten years of the maintenance 
period, a commitment to maintain the existing monitoring network, 
factors and procedures to be used for verification of continued 
attainment of the NAAQS, and a contingency plan to prevent or correct 
future violations of the NAAQS.
    b. Attainment Inventory. The MDEQ developed a baseline emissions 
inventory for 2002, one of the years MDEQ used to demonstrate monitored 
attainment of the 8-hour NAAQS, as required by the EPA Consolidated 
Emissions Reporting Rule (40 CFR Part 51). MDEQ provided full 
documentation of the methodologies it used in its submittal. The 
attainment level of emissions is summarized in Tables 15 to 18, below.

            Table 15.--Grand Rapids Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Attainment Year 2002 (tpd)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Kent                 Ottawa                 Total
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.........................................       7.67       2.16       4.74      52.08      12.41      54.24
Area..........................................      28.73       3.61      12.18       1.51      40.91       5.12
Nonroad.......................................      12.42      14.26       5.32       7.96      17.74      22.22
Onroad........................................      31.13      46.94      10.82      18.00      41.95      64.94
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.....................................      79.95      66.97      33.06      79.55     113.01     146.52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           Table 16.--Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Attainment Year 2002 (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Calhoun              Kalamazoo             Van Buren               Total
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...........................................................       1.67       2.41       1.58       2.09       0.09       0.17       3.34       4.67
Area............................................................       7.66       0.75      12.46       1.19       4.16       0.31      24.28       2.25
Nonroad.........................................................       2.62       4.49       4.89       6.97       2.87       1.80      10.38      13.26

[[Page 70925]]

Onroad..........................................................       9.76      17.83      14.29      22.52       5.17      11.16      29.22      51.51
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................      21.71      25.48      33.22      32.77      12.29      13.44      67.22      71.69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            Table 17.--Lansing-East Lansing Area: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Attainment Year 2002 (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                         Clinton                Eaton                Ingham                 Total
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point...........................................................       0.66       0.56       0.21       6.51       7.55      19.14       8.42      26.21
Area............................................................       3.01       0.24       5.04       0.45      13.69       1.23      21.74       1.92
Nonroad.........................................................       2.24       2.84       1.80       3.30       4.29       6.16       8.33      12.30
Onroad..........................................................       6.10      11.91       6.48      11.86      13.90      22.96      26.48      46.73
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................................................      12.01      15.55      13.53      22.12      39.43      49.49      64.97      87.16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Table 18.--Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County Areas: Total VOC and NOX Emissions for Attainment Year
                                                   2002 (tpd)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Benzie                 Huron                 Mason
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX        VOC        NOX
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.........................................       0.01       0.03       0.27       6.16       0.39       0.79
Area..........................................       1.54       0.06       2.18       0.20       1.89       0.16
Nonroad.......................................       4.05       0.61       3.29       5.73       2.88       1.97
Onroad........................................       1.08       2.10       1.68       3.31       1.39       2.48
                                               -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.....................................       6.68       2.80       7.42      15.40       6.55       5.40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    c. Demonstration of Maintenance. Michigan submitted with the 
redesignation requests revisions to the 8-hour ozone SIP to include 12-
year maintenance plans for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas, in compliance with section 175A of the CAA. This demonstration 
shows maintenance of the 8-hour ozone standard by assuring that current 
and future emissions of VOC and NOX for the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas remain at or below attainment year 
emission levels. A maintenance demonstration need not be based on 
modeling. See Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d 426 (6th Cir. 2001), Sierra Club v. 
EPA, 375 F. 3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 66 FR 53094, 53099-53100 
(October 19, 2001), 68 FR 25413, 25430-25432 (May 12, 2003).
    Michigan is using projected inventories developed by LADCO for the 
years 2009 and 2018. The exception to this is the 2018 onroad mobile 
source emissions estimates, which were prepared by the Michigan 
Department of Transportation. Using projected inventories prepared by 
LADCO will ensure that the inventories used for redesignation are 
consistent with regional attainment modeling performed in the future. 
These emission estimates are presented in Tables 19 to 24 below.

                                    Table 19.--Grand Rapids Area: Comparison of 2002-2018 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              VOC                                              NOX
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Sector                                                             Net change                                       Net change
                                                           2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)      2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.................................................      12.41      12.50      15.35            2.94      54.24      21.61      24.39          -29.85
Area..................................................      40.91      41.28      43.98            3.07       5.12       5.37       5.59            0.47
Nonroad...............................................      17.74      12.03       9.95           -7.79      22.22      16.57       9.55          -12.67
Onroad................................................      41.95      25.39      13.39          -28.56      64.94      44.38      14.38          -50.56
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................................     113.01      91.20      82.67          -30.34     146.52      87.93      53.91          -92.61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 70926]]

                               Table 20.--Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Area: Comparison of 2002-2018 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              VOC                                              NOX
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Sector                                                             Net change                                       Net change
                                                           2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)      2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.................................................       3.34       3.34       4.06            0.72       4.67       4.52       4.75            0.08
Area..................................................      24.28      24.01      25.12            0.84       2.25       2.37       2.46            0.21
Nonroad...............................................      10.38       7.39       6.08           -4.30      13.26       8.84       5.28           -7.98
Onroad................................................      29.22      17.53       9.05          -20.17      51.51      34.24      10.75          -40.76
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................................      67.22      52.89      44.36          -22.86      71.69      49.97      23.24          -48.45
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                Table 21.--Lansing-East Lansing Area: Comparison of 2002-2018 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              VOC                                              NOX
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Sector                                                             Net change                                       Net change
                                                           2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)      2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.................................................       8.42       6.70       7.49           -0.93      26.21      18.16      21.85           -4.36
Area..................................................      21.74      21.34      22.06            0.32       1.92       2.02       2.08            0.16
Nonroad...............................................       8.33       5.99       4.88           -3.45      12.30       8.97       5.34           -6.96
Onroad................................................      26.48      15.88       8.37          -18.11      46.73      31.13       9.69          -37.04
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................................      64.97      49.91      42.80          -22.17      87.16      60.28      38.96          -48.20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                   Table 22.--Benzie County Area: Comparison of 2002-2018 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              VOC                                              NOX
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Sector                                                             Net change                                       Net change
                                                           2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)      2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.................................................       0.01       0.01       0.01            0.00       0.03       0.03       0.03            0.00
Area..................................................       1.54       1.42       1.37           -0.17       0.06       0.07       0.07            0.01
Nonroad...............................................       4.05       4.31       2.85           -1.20       0.61       0.55       0.53           -0.08
Onroad................................................       1.08       0.65       0.31           -0.77       2.10       1.40       0.37           -1.73
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................................       6.68       6.39       4.54           -2.14       2.80       2.05       1.00           -1.80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    Table 23.--Huron County Area: Comparison of 2002-2018 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              VOC                                              NOX
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Sector                                                             Net change                                       Net change
                                                           2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)      2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.................................................       0.27       0.29       0.33            0.06       6.16       1.39       1.69           -4.47
Area..................................................       2.18       2.13       2.19            0.01       0.20       0.21       0.22            0.02
Nonroad...............................................       3.29       3.27       2.39           -0.90       5.73       5.95       5.20           -0.53
Onroad................................................       1.68       1.01       0.55           -1.13       3.31       2.21       0.65           -2.66
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................................       7.42       6.70       5.46           -1.96      15.40       9.76       7.76           -7.64
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    Table 24.--Mason County Area: Comparison of 2002-2018 VOC and NOX Emissions (tpd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                              VOC                                              NOX
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Sector                                                             Net change                                       Net change
                                                           2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)      2002       2009       2018      (2002-2018)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Point.................................................       0.39       0.49       0.65            0.26       0.79       0.35       0.45           -0.34
Area..................................................       1.89       1.86       1.92            0.03       0.16       0.17       0.17            0.01
Nonroad...............................................       2.88       3.03       2.02           -0.86       1.97       1.68       1.52           -0.45
Onroad................................................       1.39       0.83       0.43           -0.96       2.48       1.66       0.51           -1.97
                                                       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.............................................       6.55       6.21       5.02           -1.53       5.40       3.86       2.65           -2.75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The emission projections show that MDEQ does not expect emissions 
in the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas to exceed the level 
of the 2002

[[Page 70927]]

attainment year inventory during the maintenance period. In the Grand 
Rapids area, MDEQ projects that VOC and NOX emissions will 
decrease by 30.34 tpd and 92.61 tpd, respectively. In the Kalamazoo-
Battle Creek area, MDEQ projects that VOC and NOX emissions 
will decrease by 22.86 tpd and 48.45 tpd, respectively. In the Lansing-
East Lansing area, MDEQ projects that VOC and NOX emissions 
will decrease by 22.17 tpd and 48.20 tpd, respectively. In the Benzie 
County area, MDEQ projects that VOC and NOX emissions will 
decrease by 2.14 tpd and 1.80 tpd, respectively. In the Huron County 
area, MDEQ projects that VOC and NOX emissions will decrease 
by 1.96 tpd and 7.64 tpd, respectively. In the Mason County area, MDEQ 
projects that VOC and NOX emissions will decrease by 1.53 
tpd and 2.75 tpd, respectively.
    As part of its maintenance plans, the State elected to include a 
``safety margin'' for the areas. A ``safety margin'' is the difference 
between the attainment level of emissions (from all sources) and the 
projected level of emissions (from all sources) in the maintenance plan 
which continues to demonstrate attainment of the standard. The 
attainment level of emissions is the level of emissions during one of 
the years in which the area met the NAAQS. The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-
Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and 
Mason County areas attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS during the 2002-2004 
time period. Michigan used 2002 as the attainment level of emissions 
for the areas. In the maintenance plans, MDEQ projected emission levels 
for 2018. For Grand Rapids, the emissions from point, area, nonroad, 
and mobile sources in 2002 equaled 113.01 tpd of VOC. MDEQ projected 
VOC emissions for the year 2018 to be 82.67 tpd of VOC. The SIP 
submission demonstrates that the Grand Rapids area will continue to 
maintain the standard with emissions at this level. The safety margin 
for VOC is calculated to be the difference between these amounts or, in 
this case, 30.34 tpd of VOC for 2018. By this same method, 92.61 tpd 
(i.e., 146.52 tpd less 53.91 tpd) is the safety margin for 
NOX for 2018. For the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek area, 22.86 tpd 
and 48.45 tpd are the safety margins for VOC and NOX, 
respectively. For the Lansing-East Lansing area, 22.17 tpd and 48.20 
tpd are the safety margins for VOC and NOX, respectively. 
For the Benzie County area, 2.14 tpd and 1.80 tpd are the safety 
margins for VOC and NOX, respectively. For the Huron County 
area, 1.96 tpd and 7.64 tpd are the safety margins for VOC and 
NOX, respectively. For the Mason County area, 1.53 tpd and 
2.75 tpd are the safety margins for VOC and NOX, 
respectively. The safety margin, or a portion thereof, can be allocated 
to any of the source categories, as long as the total attainment level 
of emissions is maintained.
    d. Monitoring Network. Michigan currently operates two ozone 
monitors in Kent County and one ozone monitor each in Ottawa, 
Kalamazoo, Clinton, Ingham, Benzie, Huron, and Mason Counties. MDEQ has 
committed to continue operating and maintaining an approved ozone 
monitor network in accordance with 40 CFR part 58.
    e. Verification of Continued Attainment. Continued attainment of 
the ozone NAAQS in the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-
East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas 
depends, in part, on the State's efforts toward tracking indicators of 
continued attainment during the maintenance period. The State's plan 
for verifying continued attainment of the 8-hour standard in the Grand 
Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, 
Huron County, and Mason County areas consists of plans to continue 
ambient ozone monitoring in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 
part 58. In addition, MDEQ will periodically review and revise the VOC 
and NOX emissions inventories for the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas, as required by the Consolidated 
Emissions Reporting Rule (40 CFR part 51), to track levels of emissions 
in the future.
    f. Contingency Plan. The contingency plan provisions are designed 
to promptly correct or prevent a violation of the NAAQS that might 
occur after redesignation of an area to attainment. Section 175A of the 
CAA requires that a maintenance plan include such contingency measures 
as EPA deems necessary to assure that the state will promptly correct a 
violation of the NAAQS that occurs after redesignation. The maintenance 
plan should identify the contingency measures to be adopted, a schedule 
and procedure for adoption and implementation of the contingency 
measures, and a time limit for action by the state. The state should 
also identify specific indicators to be used to determine when the 
contingency measures need to be adopted and implemented. The 
maintenance plan must include a requirement that the state will 
implement all measures with respect to control of the pollutant(s) that 
were contained in the SIP before redesignation of the area to 
attainment. See section 175A(d) of the CAA.
    As required by section 175A of the CAA, Michigan has adopted 
contingency plans for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, 
Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County 
areas to address possible future ozone air quality problems. The 
contingency plans adopted by Michigan have two levels of response, 
depending on whether a violation of the 8-hour ozone standard is only 
threatened (Action Level Response) or has occurred (Contingency Measure 
Response).
    An Action Level Response will occur when a two-year average fourth-
high monitored daily peak 8-hour ozone concentration of 85 ppb or 
higher is monitored within an ozone maintenance area. An Action Level 
Response will consist of Michigan performing a review of the 
circumstances leading to the high monitored values. MDEQ will conduct 
this review within 6 months following the close of the ozone season. If 
MDEQ determines that contingency measure implementation is necessary to 
prevent a future violation of the NAAQS, MDEQ will select and implement 
a measure that can be implemented promptly.
    A Contingency Measure Response will be triggered by a violation of 
the standard (a 3-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily 
maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration of 85 ppb or greater). When 
a Contingency Measure Response is triggered, Michigan will select one 
or more control measures for implementation. The timing for 
implementation of a contingency measure is dependent on the process 
needed for legal adoption and source compliance, which varies for each 
measure. MDEQ will expedite the process of adopting and implementing 
the selected measures, with a goal of having measures in place as 
expeditiously as practicable within 18 months. EPA is interpreting this 
commitment to mean that the measure will be in place within 18 months.
    Contingency measures contained in the maintenance plans are those 
emission controls or other measures that Michigan may choose to adopt 
and implement to correct possible air quality problems. These include 
the following:
    i. Lower Reid vapor pressure gasoline requirements;
    ii. Reduced VOC content in Architectural, Industrial, and 
Maintenance (AIM) coatings rule;
    iii. Auto body refinisher self-certification audit program;
    iv. Reduced VOC degreasing rule;
    v. Transit improvements;

[[Page 70928]]

    vi. Diesel retrofit program;
    vii. Reduced VOC content in commercial and consumer products rule;
    viii. Reduce idling program.
    g. Provisions for Future Updates of the Ozone Maintenance Plan. As 
required by section 175A(b) of the CAA, Michigan commits to submit to 
the EPA updated ozone maintenance plans eight years after redesignation 
of the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas to cover an 
additional 10-year period beyond the initial 10-year maintenance 
period. Michigan has committed to retain the control measures for VOC 
and NOX emissions that were contained in the SIP before 
redesignation of the areas to attainment, as required by section 175(A) 
of the CAA.
    EPA has concluded that the maintenance plans adequately address the 
five basic components of a maintenance plan: attainment inventory, 
maintenance demonstration, monitoring network, verification of 
continued attainment, and a contingency plan. The maintenance plan SIP 
revisions submitted by Michigan for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle 
Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason 
County areas meet the requirements of section 175A of the CAA.

ii. Adequacy of Michigan's Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets (MVEBs)

1. How Are MVEBs Developed and What Are the MVEBs for the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Mason 
County, and Huron County Areas?
    Under the CAA, states are required to submit, at various times, 
control strategy SIP revisions and ozone maintenance plans for ozone 
nonattainment areas and for areas seeking redesignations to attainment 
of the ozone standard. These emission control strategy SIP revisions 
(e.g., reasonable further progress SIP and attainment demonstration SIP 
revisions) and ozone maintenance plans create MVEBs based on onroad 
mobile source emissions for criteria pollutants and/or their precursors 
to address pollution from cars and trucks. The MVEBs are the portions 
of the total allowable emissions that are allocated to highway and 
transit vehicle use that, together with emissions from other sources in 
the area, will provide for attainment or maintenance.
    Under 40 CFR Part 93, an MVEB for an area seeking a redesignation 
to attainment is established for the last year of the maintenance plan. 
The MVEB serves as a ceiling on emissions from an area's planned 
transportation system. The MVEB concept is further explained in the 
preamble to the November 24, 1993, transportation conformity rule (58 
FR 62188). The preamble also describes how to establish the MVEB in the 
SIP and how to revise the MVEB if needed.
    Under section 176(c) of the CAA, new transportation projects, such 
as the construction of new highways, must ``conform'' to (i.e., be 
consistent with) the part of the SIP that addresses emissions from cars 
and trucks. Conformity to the SIP means that transportation activities 
will not cause new air quality violations, worsen existing air quality 
violations, or delay timely attainment of the NAAQS. If a 
transportation plan does not conform, most new transportation projects 
that would expand the capacity of roadways cannot go forward. 
Regulations at 40 CFR part 93 set forth EPA policy, criteria, and 
procedures for demonstrating and assuring conformity of such 
transportation activities to a SIP.
    When reviewing SIP revisions containing MVEBs, including attainment 
strategies, rate-of-progress plans, and maintenance plans, EPA must 
affirmatively find that the MVEBs are ``adequate'' for use in 
determining transportation conformity. Once EPA affirmatively finds the 
submitted MVEBs to be adequate for transportation conformity purposes, 
the MVEBs are used by state and federal agencies in determining whether 
proposed transportation projects conform to the SIP as required by 
section 176(c) of the CAA. EPA's substantive criteria for determining 
the adequacy of MVEBs are set out in 40 CFR 93.118(e)(4).
    EPA's process for determining adequacy of an MVEB consists of three 
basic steps: (1) Providing public notification of a SIP submission; (2) 
providing the public the opportunity to comment on the MVEB during a 
public comment period; and (3) EPA's finding of adequacy. The process 
of determining the adequacy of submitted SIP MVEBs was initially 
outlined in EPA's May 14, 1999 guidance, ``Conformity Guidance on 
Implementation of March 2, 1999, Conformity Court Decision.'' This 
guidance was codified in the Transportation Conformity Rule Amendments 
for the ``New 8-Hour Ozone and PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards and Miscellaneous Revisions for Existing Areas; 
Transportation Conformity Rule Amendments--Response to Court Decision 
and Additional Rule Change,'' published on July 1, 2004 (69 FR 40004). 
EPA follows this guidance and rulemaking in making its adequacy 
determinations.
    The Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas' maintenance plans 
contain new VOC and NOX MVEBs for the year 2018. The 
availability of the SIP submissions with these 2018 MVEBs was announced 
for public comment on EPA's Adequacy Web page on June 1, 2006, at: 
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/[fxsp0]stateresources/[fxsp0]transconf/

currsips.htm. The EPA public comment period on adequacy of the 2018 
MVEBs for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, and Lansing-East 
Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas closed on 
July 3, 2006. No requests for these submittals or adverse comments on 
these submittals were received during the adequacy comment period. In 
letters dated July 1, 2006 and July 3, 2006, EPA informed MDEQ that we 
had found the 2018 MVEBs to be adequate for use in transportation 
conformity analyses.
    EPA, through this rulemaking, is approving the MVEBs for use to 
determine transportation conformity in the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-
Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and 
Mason County areas because EPA has determined that the areas can 
maintain attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS for the relevant 
maintenance period with mobile source emissions at the levels of the 
MVEBs. MDEQ has determined the 2018 MVEBs for the Grand Rapids area to 
be 40.70 tpd for VOC and 97.87 tpd for NOX. These MVEBs 
exceed the onroad mobile source VOC and NOX emissions 
projected by MDEQ for 2018, as summarized in Table 19 above (``onroad'' 
source sector). MDEQ decided to include safety margins (described 
further below) of 27.31 tpd for VOC and 83.49 tpd for NOX in 
the MVEBs to provide for mobile source growth. Michigan has 
demonstrated that the Grand Rapids area can maintain the 8-hour ozone 
NAAQS with mobile source emissions of 40.70 tpd of VOC and 97.87 tpd of 
NOX in 2018, including the allocated safety margins, since 
emissions will still remain under attainment year emission levels.
    MDEQ has determined the 2018 MVEBs for the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek 
area to be 29.67 tpd for VOC and 54.36 tpd for NOX. Again, 
these MVEBs exceed the onroad mobile source VOC and NOX 
emissions projected by MDEQ for 2018, as summarized in Table 20 above 
(``onroad'' source sector). MDEQ

[[Page 70929]]

decided to include safety margins of 20.62 tpd for VOC and 43.61 tpd 
for NOX in the MVEBs to provide for mobile source growth. 
Michigan has demonstrated that the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek area can 
maintain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS with mobile source emissions of 29.67 
tpd of VOC and 54.36 tpd of NOX in 2018, including the 
allocated safety margins, since emissions will still remain under 
attainment year emission levels.
    MDEQ has determined the 2018 MVEBs for the Lansing-East Lansing 
area to be 28.32 tpd for VOC and 53.07 tpd for NOX. These 
MVEBs exceed the onroad mobile source VOC and NOX emissions 
projected by MDEQ for 2018, as summarized in Table 21 above (``onroad'' 
source sector) because MDEQ decided to include safety margins of 19.95 
tpd for VOC and 43.38 tpd for NOX in the MVEBs to provide 
for mobile source growth. Michigan has demonstrated that the Lansing-
East Lansing area can maintain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS with mobile 
source emissions of 28.32 tpd of VOC and 53.07 tpd of NOX in 
2018, including the allocated safety margins, since emissions will 
still remain under attainment year emission levels.
    MDEQ has determined the 2018 MVEBs for the Benzie County area to be 
2.24 tpd for VOC and 1.99 tpd for NOX. These MVEBs exceed 
the onroad mobile source VOC and NOX emissions projected by 
MDEQ for 2018, as summarized in Table 22 above (``onroad'' source 
sector) because MDEQ decided to include safety margins of 1.93 tpd for 
VOC and 1.62 tpd for NOX in the MVEBs to provide for mobile 
source growth. Michigan has demonstrated that the Benzie County area 
can maintain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS with mobile source emissions of 
2.24 tpd of VOC and 1.99 tpd of NOX in 2018, including the 
allocated safety margins, since emissions will still remain under 
attainment year emission levels.
    MDEQ has determined the 2018 MVEBs for the Huron County area to be 
2.34 tpd for VOC and 7.53 tpd for NOX. These MVEBs exceed 
the onroad mobile source VOC and NOX emissions projected by 
MDEQ for 2018, as summarized in Table 23 above (``onroad'' source 
sector) because MDEQ decided to include safety margins of 1.79 tpd for 
VOC and 6.88 tpd for NOX in the MVEBs to provide for mobile 
source growth. Michigan has demonstrated that the Huron County area can 
maintain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS with mobile source emissions of 2.34 
tpd of VOC and 7.53 tpd of NOX in 2018, including the 
allocated safety margins, since emissions will still remain under 
attainment year emission levels.
    MDEQ has determined the 2018 MVEBs for the Mason County area to be 
1.81 tpd for VOC and 2.99 tpd for NOX. These MVEBs exceed 
the onroad mobile source VOC and NOX emissions projected by 
MDEQ for 2018, as summarized in Table 24 above (``onroad'' source 
sector) because MDEQ decided to include safety margins of 1.38 tpd for 
VOC and 2.48 tpd for NOX in the MVEBs to provide for mobile 
source growth. Michigan has demonstrated that the Mason County area can 
maintain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS with mobile source emissions of 1.81 
tpd of VOC and 2.99 tpd of NOX in 2018, including the 
allocated safety margins, since emissions will still remain under 
attainment year emission levels.
2. What Is a Safety Margin?
    A ``safety margin'' is the difference between the attainment level 
of emissions (from all sources) and the projected level of emissions 
(from all sources) in the maintenance plan. As noted in Table 19, the 
Grand Rapids area VOC and NOX emissions are projected to 
have safety margins of 30.34 tpd for VOC and 92.61 tpd for 
NOX in 2018 (the difference between the attainment year, 
2002, emissions and the projected 2018 emissions for all sources in the 
Grand Rapids area). As noted in Table 20, the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek 
area VOC and NOX emissions are projected to have safety 
margins of 22.86 tpd and 48.45 tpd, respectively. As noted in Table 21, 
the Lansing-East Lansing area VOC and NOX emissions are 
projected to have safety margins of 22.17 tpd and 48.20 tpd, 
respectively. As noted in Table 22, the Benzie County area VOC and 
NOX emissions are projected to have safety margins of 2.14 
tpd and 1.80 tpd, respectively. As noted in Table 23, the Huron County 
area VOC and NOX emissions are projected to have safety 
margins of 1.96 tpd and 7.64 tpd, respectively. As noted in Table 24, 
the Mason County area VOC and NOX emissions are projected to 
have safety margins of 1.53 tpd and 2.75 tpd, respectively. Even if 
emissions reached the full level of the safety margin, the counties 
would still demonstrate maintenance since emission levels would equal 
those in the attainment year.
    The MVEBs requested by MDEQ contain safety margins for mobile 
sources smaller than the allowable safety margins reflected in the 
total emissions for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-
East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas. The 
State is not requesting allocation of the entire available safety 
margins reflected in the demonstration of maintenance. Therefore, even 
though the State is requesting MVEBs that exceed the projected onroad 
mobile source emissions for 2018 contained in the demonstration of 
maintenance, the increase in onroad mobile source emissions that can be 
considered for transportation conformity purposes is well within the 
safety margins of the ozone maintenance demonstration. Further, once 
allocated to mobile sources, these safety margins will not be available 
for use by other sources.

VIII. What Actions Is EPA Taking Today?

    EPA is proposing to make determinations that the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas have attained the 8-hour ozone NAAQS, 
and EPA is proposing to approve the redesignations of the Grand Rapids, 
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie County, Huron 
County, and Mason County areas from nonattainment to attainment for the 
8-hour ozone NAAQS. After evaluating Michigan's redesignation requests, 
EPA has determined that they meet the redesignation criteria set forth 
in section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA. The final approval of these 
redesignation requests would change the official designations for the 
Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, Benzie 
County, Huron County, and Mason County areas from nonattainment to 
attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard.
    EPA is also proposing to approve the maintenance plan SIP revisions 
for the Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, Lansing-East Lansing, 
Benzie County, Huron County, and Mason County areas. EPA's proposed 
approval of the maintenance plans is based on Michigan's demonstration 
that the plans meet the requirements of section 175A of the CAA, as 
described more fully above. Additionally, EPA is finding adequate and 
proposing to approve the 2018 MVEBs submitted by Michigan in 
conjunction with the redesignation requests.

IX. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

Executive Order 12866; Regulatory Planning and Review

    Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this 
action is

[[Page 70930]]

not a ``significant regulatory action'' and therefore is not subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule does not impose an information collection burden 
under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 
3501 et seq.).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    This proposed action merely proposes to approve state law as 
meeting Federal requirements and imposes no additional requirements 
beyond those imposed by state law. Redesignation of an area to 
attainment under section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act does not 
impose any new requirements on small entities. Redesignation is an 
action that affects the status of a geographical area and does not 
impose any new regulatory requirements on sources. Accordingly, the 
Administrator certifies that this rule will not have a significant 
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the 
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Because this rule proposes to approve pre-existing requirements 
under state law and does not impose any additional enforceable duty 
beyond that required by state law, it does not contain any unfunded 
mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as 
described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4).

Executive Order 13132 Federalism

    This action also does not have Federalism implications because it 
does not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the 
relationship between the national government and the states, or on the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of 
government, as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999). Redesignation is an action that merely affects the status of 
a geographical area, does not impose any new requirements on sources, 
or allows a state to avoid adopting or implementing other requirements, 
and does not alter the relationship or the distribution of power and 
responsibilities established in the Clean Air Act.

Executive Order 13175 Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal 
Governments

    Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000) requires EPA 
to develop an accountable process to ensure ``meaningful and timely 
input by tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies 
that have tribal implications.'' This proposed rule also does not have 
tribal implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175, because 
redesignation is an action that affects the status of a geographical 
area and does not impose any new regulatory requirements on tribes, 
impact any existing sources of air pollution on tribal lands, nor 
impair the maintenance of ozone national ambient air quality standards 
in tribal lands. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this 
rule.
    Although Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this rule, EPA met 
with interested tribes in Michigan to discuss the redesignation process 
and the impact of a change in designation status of these areas on the 
tribes.

Executive Order 13045 Protection of Children From Environmental Health 
and Safety Risks

    This proposed rule also is not subject to Executive Order 13045 
``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety 
Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), because it is not economically 
significant.

Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 
Distribution, or Use

    Because it is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under 
Executive Order 12866 or a ``significant energy action,'' this action 
is also not subject to Executive Order 13211, ``Actions Concerning 
Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or 
Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001).

National Technology Transfer Advancement Act

    Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTA), 15 U.S.C. 272, requires Federal agencies to use 
technical standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary 
consensus to carry out policy objectives, so long as such standards are 
not inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impracticable. In 
reviewing program submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, 
provided that they meet the criteria of the Clean Air Act. Absent a 
prior existing requirement for the state to use voluntary consensus 
standards, EPA has no authority to disapprove a program submission for 
failure to use such standards, and it would thus be inconsistent with 
applicable law for EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in place of 
a program submission that otherwise satisfies the provisions of the 
Act.
    Redesignation is an action that affects the status of a 
geographical area but does not impose any new requirements on sources. 
Thus, the requirements of section 12(d) of the National Technology 
Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) do not apply.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental 
relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Volatile organic compounds.

40 CFR Part 81

    Environmental protection, Air Pollution Control, National parks, 
Wilderness areas.

    Dated: November 21, 2006.
Mary A. Gade,
Regional Administrator, Region 5.
 [FR Doc. E6-20639 Filed 12-6-06; 8:45 am]

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