Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2002-0138-0012
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2002-08-27T04:00Z

UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
20460
OFFICE
OF
PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES,
AND
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
DP
Barcode:
D276945
PCCode:
056801
Date:
August
17,
2002
MEMORANDUM:

SUBJECT:
Revised
EFED
Risk
Assessment
of
Carbaryl
in
Support
of
the
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
(RED)

To:
Anthony
Britten,
PM
Team
Reviewer
Betty
Shackleford,
Product
Manager
53
Special
Review
and
Reregistration
Division
(7508C)

FROM:
E.
Laurence
Libelo,
Ph.
D.,
Environmental
Engineer
Thomas
Steeger,
Ph.
D.,
Senior
Biologist
Environmental
Risk
Branch
IV
Environmental
Fate
and
Effects
Division
(7507C)

THRU:
Betsy
Behl,
Chief
Environmental
Risk
Branch
IV/
Environmental
Fate
and
Effects
Division
(7507C)

The
Environmental
Fate
and
Effects
Division
has
revised
the
Environmental
Fate
and
Ecological
Risk
Assessment
chapter
in
support
of
the
reregistration
eligibility
decision
on
carbaryl.
The
chapter
has
been
abridged
from
its
April
8,
2002,
version
at
the
request
of
the
Special
Review
and
Reregistration
Division
and
no
longer
includes
environmental
fate
data
evaluation
records
contained
in
the
original
chapter.
Although
the
data
evaluation
records
were
cleared
for
confidential
business
information,
their
presence
in
the
chapter
did
not
contribute
significantly
to
understanding
the
environmental
fate
of
carbaryl.
If
interested,
the
public
can
access
both
environmental
fate
and
ecological
effect
data
evaluation
records
by
petitioning
the
Agency
through
the
Freedom
of
Information
Act.

The
revised
chapter
reflects
comments
made
by
the
registrant
(Aventis)
during
the
30­
day
error
correction
phase
of
the
review
process
and
contains
more
detailed
information
on
the
input
files
for
the
Pesticide
Root
Zone
Model
(PRZM)
used
in
estimating
runoff
concentrations
of
carbaryl.
Although
the
registrant
provided
constructive
comments
in
their
30­
day
responses
to
the
draft
risk
assessment
of
carbaryl,
the
overall
concerns
and
uncertainties
originally
identified
regarding
the
environmental
fate
and
ecological
effects
of
carbaryl
have
not
changed.
Also
included
with
the
revised
chapter
is
a
review
(DP
Barcode
D279109)
of
data
submitted
regarding
the
Section
24C
Special
Local
Needs
use
of
carbaryl
on
oyster
beds
in
Willapa
Bay
and
Grays
Harbor,
Washington,
for
control
of
burrowing
shrimp.

Both
the
revised
environmental
fate
and
ecological
effects
chapter
and
the
review
of
the
use
of
carbaryl
to
control
burrowing
shrimp
are
intended
to
represent
EFED's
assessment
of
the
risks
associated
with
the
uses
of
carbaryl.
While
some
uses
and
application
rates
discussed
in
the
chapter
may
no
longer
be
supported,
the
EFED
chapter
is
intended
to
provide
a
general
overview
of
the
concerns
and
uncertainties
associated
with
the
past
and
present
uses
of
carbaryl.
Environmental
Fate
and
Ecological
Risk
Assessment
For
the
Reregistration
of
Carbaryl
1­
Naphthyl
methylcarbamate
1­
naphthyl
N­
methylcarbamine
CAS
Registry
Number
63­
25­
2
PC
Code
056801
Prepared
by:

E.
Laurence
Libelo,
Ph.
D.,
Environmental
Engineer
Angel
Chiri,
Ph.
D.,
Entomologist
Thomas
M.
Steeger,
Ph.
D.,
Fishery
Biologist
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
Environmental
Fate
and
Effects
Division
Environmental
Risk
Branch
IV
Ariel
Rios
Building
1200
Pennsylvania
Ave.,
N.
W.
Mail
Code
7507C
Washington,
DC
20460
Reviewed
by:

Elizabeth
Behl,
Branch
Chief
Dana
Spatz,
Senior
Chemist
i
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
1.0
Summary
and
Environmental
Risk
Conclusions
.............................
1
Risk
to
Terrestrial
Organisms
..............................................
1
Risk
to
Plants
...........................................................
3
Risk
to
Endangered
Species................................................
3
Fate
and
Water
Assessment
................................................
4
2.0
Introduction
...........................................................
7
3.0
Integrated
Risk
Characterization
..........................................
8
Introduction
............................................................
8
Aquatic
Organisms
.......................................................
9
Terrestrial
Organisms
...................................................
12
Endangered
Species
.....................................................
15
Endocrine
Disruption
Concerns
............................................
15
Uncertainties
..........................................................
16
4.0
Environmental
Fate
Assessment
..........................................
17
Exposure
Characterization
................................................
17
Persistence
......................................................
21
Chemical
Degradation
Processes...............................
21
Hydrolysis
..........................................
21
Photolysis.................................................
21
Microbially­
mediated
Processes
...............................
21
Mobility
........................................................
22
Batch
Adsorption/
Desorption
.................................
22
Column
Leaching
...........................................
23
Field
Dissipation
.................................................
23
Terrestrial
Field
Dissipation
..................................
23
Forestry
Field
Dissipation
....................................
24
Aquatic
Field
Dissipation
....................................
24
Bioaccumulation
in
Fish
...........................................
24
Foliar
Dissipation.................................................
25
Atmospheric
Transport
............................................
25
1­
Naphthol
Fate
and
Transport
......................................
26
Aquatic
Exposure
Assessment
.............................................
27
Urban
and
Suburban
....................................................
29
Estimated
Environmental
Concentrations
for
Terrestrial
Ecological
Risk
Assessment................................................
29
5.0
Drinking
Water
Assessment
.............................................
30
Water
Resources
Assessment
.............................................
30
ii
Drinking
Water
Exposure
Assessment
................................
31
Drinking
Water
Modeling
....................................
31
Water
Treatment
Effects
.........................................................
32
Groundwater
Resources
............................................
33
Surface
Water
Resources
...........................................
34
Monitoring
Data............................................
34
NAWQA
...........................................
34
Registrant
Monitoring
Study
............................
35
Sacramento­
San
Joaquin
River
Delta
.....................
37
STORET
...........................................
37
6.0
Hazard
and
Risk
Assessment
for
Aquatic
Organisms
........................
37
Hazard
Assessment
for
Aquatic
Organisms
..................................
37
Freshwater
Fish
..................................................
37
Amphibians
.....................................................
38
Freshwater
Invertebrates
...........................................
38
Estuarine/
Marine
Fish
.............................................
39
Estuarine/
Marine
Invertebrates
......................................
39
Aquatic
Plants
...................................................
40
1­
Naphthol
......................................................
40
Risk
Assessment
for
Aquatic
Organisms.....................................
40
Freshwater
Fish
..................................................
40
Freshwater
Aquatic
Invertebrates
....................................
41
Estuarine/
Marine
Fish
.............................................
41
Estuarine/
Marine
Invertebrates
......................................
44
Reproduction
Effects
on
Fish
.......................................
44
Endangered
Aquatic
Species
.............................................
45
7.0
Hazard
and
Risk
Assessment
for
Terrestrial
Organisms
.....................
45
Hazard
Assessment
for
Terrestrial
Organisms
................................
45
Avian
..........................................................
45
Mammalian
.....................................................
46
Insects
.........................................................
46
Terrestrial
Plants
.................................................
46
Risk
Assessment
for
Terrestrial
Organisms...................................
47
Avian
Risk
......................................................
47
Nongranular
Formulations
....................................
47
Granular
Formulations.......................................
48
Mammalian
Risk
.................................................
48
Risk
to
Herbivores/
Insectivores:
Nongranular
Formulations
.........
48
Risk
Quotients
for
Herbivores/
Insectivores
Based
on
Less
than
Maximum
Label
Use
Rates
.......................
48
iii
Risk
Quotients
for
Herbivores/
Insectivores
Based
on
Maximum
Label
Use
Rates
...............................
48
Risk
to
Granivores:
Nongranular
Uses
..........................
49
Chronic
Risk:
Nongranular
Uses
.........................
50
Risk:
Granular
Uses...................................
50
Reproduction
Effects
.............................................
50
Insects
.........................................................
51
Terrestrial
Plants
.................................................
52
Endangered
Terrestrial
Species
......................................
52
8.0
Summary
of
Ecological
Incident
Data
....................................
53
9.0
References
(Non­
MRID)
................................................
55
Appendix
A:
Refined
Water
Memo
.............................................
62
Appendix
B:
Ecological
Risk
Assessment
.......................................
147
Appendix
C:
Toxicity
Assessment
.............................................
172
Appendix
D:
ELL­
FATE
.....................................................
183
Appendix
E:
Examples
of
PRZM
Standard
Pond
Input
Files
.......................
185
­1­
1.0
Summary
and
Environmental
Risk
Conclusions
Carbaryl
is
a
carbamate
insecticide
registered
for
control
of
a
wide
range
of
insect
and
other
arthropod
pests
on
over
100
crop
and
noncrop
use
sites,
including
home
and
garden
uses.
Carbaryl
is
a
cholinesterase
inhibitor
that
acts
on
animals
on
contact
and
upon
ingestion
by
competing
for
binding
sites
on
the
enzyme
acetyl
cholinesterase,
thus
preventing
the
breakdown
of
acetyl
choline.

Risk
to
Terrestrial
Organisms
°
Three
different
kinds
of
usage
data
were
considered
to
assess
risk
to
terrestrial
organisms:
maximum
label
rates
for
74
uses,
maximum
reported
(based
on
survey
usage
data
available
from
the
Doane's
Agricultural
Services
for
42
uses)
rates,
and
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
"average"
rates
data
provided
by
OPP's
Biological
and
Economic
Analysis
Division
for
70
uses.
In
most
cases
the
Level
of
Concern
(LOC)
exceedance
pattern
was
not
significantly
affected
by
the
kind
of
application
rate
data
used
to
calculate
risk
quotients.

°
Although
no
avian
acute
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
any
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
at
maximum
or
less
than
maximum
label
application
rates,
the
avian
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
most
uses.
The
avian
acute
LOC
is
exceeded
for
20
g
birds
for
all
granular
carbaryl
uses
(risk
quotients
[RQs]:
0.52
­
4.76)
and
for
180
g
birds,
it
is
exceeded
for
the
trees/
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
uses
(RQ:
0.53).
No
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
1000
g
weight
class
for
any
of
the
granular
carbaryl
uses.

°
At
maximum
label
rates,
the
mammalian
acute
risk
LOC
(0.5)
is
exceeded
for
all
74
nongranular
uses
(0.76
­
12.12).
The
proportion
of
RQs
exceeding
the
acute
LOCs
decreases
significantly
for
mammals
in
all
three
weight
classes
feeding
on
fruits,
pods,
seeds,
and
large
insects,
as
well
as
for
the
1000
g
mammals
feeding
on
broadleaf/
forage
plants
and
small
insects.
At
maximum
reported
application
rates
the
acute
risk
LOC
for
15
g
mammals
feeding
on
short
grass
is
exceeded
for
41
of
42
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
(RQs:
0.60
11.36
and
at
"average"
use
rates
is
exceeded
for
63
of
70
uses.

°
The
mammalian
chronic
risk
LOC
(1)
is
exceeded
for
practically
all
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
at
maximum
label
(RQs:
3.0
­
48.0),
maximum
reported
(RQs:
1.5
­
45.0),
and
"average"
use
rates
(RQs:
1.5
­
15.9).
Therefore,
almost
all
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
are
expected
to
pose
acute
and
chronic
risks
to
small
mammals.

°
At
maximum
label
rates,
acute
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
15
g
mammals
(RQs:
2.3
­
21.1)
and
35
g
mammals
(RQs:
0.99
­
9.04)
for
all
granular
uses,
indicating
that
all
granular
carbaryl
uses
pose
an
acute
risk
to
the
smaller
mammalian
species.
For
1000
g
mammals,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
not
exceeded
for
any
use.

°
Being
highly
toxic
to
honey
bees
and
arthropods
in
general,
carbaryl
poses
a
risk
to
beneficial
insects,
including
many
pests's
natural
enemies,
when
directly
exposed
to
carbaryl
applications,
residues
on
foliage,
or
contaminated
pollen
or
nectar.
Carbaryl
is
one
of
the
­2­
pesticides
more
often
implicated
in
bee
mortality
incidents,
ranking
second
and
third,
respectively,
in
two
separate
bee
kill
surveys
undertaken
in
1997
by
the
Washington
State
Department
of
Agriculture
and
the
American
Beekeeping
Federation.

Risk
to
Aquatic
Organisms
°
Three
different
application
scenarios
were
considered
in
assessing
risk
to
aquatic
organisms:
maximum
label
rates,
maximum
reported
(based
on
survey
usage
data
available
for
42
uses)
rates,
and
"average"
rates.
In
most
cases
the
Level
of
Concern
(LOC)
exceedance
pattern
was
unaffected
by
the
kind
of
usage
data
used
to
calculate
risk
quotients.

°
The
acute
risk
LOC
(0.5)
for
freshwater
fish
is
exceeded
for
one
of
five
use
scenarios
modeled
(citrus),
at
maximum
label
(RQ:
1.10),
maximum
reported
(RQ:
0.93),
and
"average"
(RQ:
0.58)
use
rates,
while
the
chronic
risk
LOC
for
freshwater
fish
is
not
exceeded
for
any
scenario,
at
any
use
rate.

°
The
acute
risk
LOC
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
is
not
exceeded
for
any
use
scenario
modeled,
at
any
use
rate.
Because
of
lack
of
valid
chronic
toxicity
data,
it
is
not
possible
to
fully
assess
chronic
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
at
this
time.

°
Available
nonguideline
studies
suggest
that
exposure
to
carbaryl
may
act
as
a
potential
endocrine
disruptor
in
fish.
Exposure
to
sublethal
carbaryl
levels
cause
a
significant
reduction
of
serum
and
pituitary
levels
of
gonadotropic
hormone
and
gonadotropin­
releasing
hormone
in
the
freshwater
murrell
and
a
significant
decline
in
ovarian
estrogen
levels
in
freshwater
perch,
starting
on
day
15
of
exposure.

°
Most
carbaryl
uses
are
likely
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
both
freshwater
and
estuarine/
marine
aquatic
invertebrates,
especially
arthropods.
The
acute
risk
LOC
(0.5)
for
freshwater
invertebrates
is
exceeded
for
all
five
use
scenarios
modeled
at
maximum
label
(RQs:
5.1
161.2
maximum
reported
(RQs:
3.3
­
136.5),
and
"average"
(RQs:
2.6
­
85.3)
use
rates.
The
chronic
risk
LOC
(1)
is
also
exceeded
for
freshwater
invertebrates
for
all
5
use
scenarios
modeled,
at
maximum
label
(RQs:
3.3
­
91.3),
maximum
reported
(RQs:
2.0
­
74.7),
and
"average"
(RQs:
1.7
­
44.7)
use
rates.

°
The
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
for
the
5
use
scenarios
modeled
at
maximum
label
(RQs:
1.5
­
48.1),
maximum
reported
(RQs:
1.0
­
40.7),
and
"average"
(RQs:
0.8
­
25.4)
use
rates.
Lack
of
reliable
toxicity
data
precluded
the
assessment
of
chronic
risk
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates.

°
Carbaryl
directly
applied
to
oyster
beds
in
Washington
State
poses
a
severe,
albeit
localized
and
temporary,
acute
risk
to
fish
and
nontarget
arthropods
in
and
around
the
target
area.
The
oyster
industry
is
encouraged
to
continue
searching
for
alternative
pest
shrimp
management
measures
and
more
selective
carbaryl
application
regimes,
within
an
IPM
context,
to
minimize
impact
on
non­
target
organisms.
­3­
Risk
to
Plants
°
Carbaryl
can
be
used
as
a
fruit
thinning
agent
on
apples
and
pears,
and
according
to
the
label
it
may
cause
injury
to
tender
foliage
if
applied
to
wet
foliage
or
during
periods
of
high
humidity.
It
may
also
cause
injury
to
Boston
ivy,
Virginia
creeper,
or
maidenhair
fern.
A
few
incidents
involving
injury
to
vegetable
crops
(potatoes,
tomatoes,
cabbage,
and
broccoli)
have
been
reported.
To
fully
assess
carbaryl
risk
to
terrestrial
plants,
Tier
I
and,
if
appropriate,
Tier
II
Seed
Germination
and
Seedling
Emergence,
as
well
as
Vegetative
Vigor
studies
should
be
submitted
by
the
registrant.

°
Based
on
the
single
core
green
alga
study
available,
the
acute
risk
LOC
for
aquatic
plants
is
not
exceeded
for
any
of
the
five
scenarios
modeled
even
at
maximum
label
rates.
However,
because
four
of
the
required
five
toxicity
studies
with
aquatic
plants
are
unavailable,
these
results
are
insufficient
to
fully
assess
carbaryl
risk
to
aquatic
plants.
Toxicity
testing
for
aquatic
plants
is
required
to
support
carbaryl's
registered
forestry
uses.

Risk
to
Endangered
Species
°
The
endangered
species
LOC
for
birds
is
met
or
exceeded
for
most
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
at
maximum
label,
QUA
average,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
20
g
birds
for
all
granular
uses;
it
is
exceeded
for
180
g
birds
it
is
exceeded
for
all
granular
uses,
except
cucumber,
melons,
pumpkin,
squash,
beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
southern
peas,
wheat,
millet,
and
sugar
beets;
and
for
1000
g
birds,
it
is
reached
for
the
trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
granular
uses.

°
The
endangered
species
LOC
for
mammals
is
met
or
exceeded
for
all
uses
at
maximum
label,
QUA
average,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates.

°
At
less
than
maximum
label
rates
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
carbaryl
uses
for
freshwater
and
marine/
estuarine
aquatic
invertebrates.
At
less
than
maximum
label
rates,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
freshwater
fish
only
for
the
citrus
use
scenario
and
not
exceeded
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
for
any
of
the
five
use
scenarios
modeled.
­4­
Fate
and
Water
Assessment
°
Carbaryl
is
widely
detected
in
surface
water
at
concentrations
up
to
about
7
:
g/
L.
In
general
observed
concentrations
are
generally
less
then
0.5
:
g/
L.
It
was
the
second
most
widely
detected
insecticide,
after
diazinon,
in
the
U.
S.
Geological
Survey's
National
Water
Quality
Assessment
(NAWQA)
program.
NAWQA
reported
that
about
20
%
of
surface
water
samples
had
detectable
carbaryl
concentrations.
For
samples
where
carbaryl
was
detected
the
mean
concentration
was
0.11
:
g/
L
and
the
maximum
was
5.5
:
g/
L.
Urban
streams
had
higher
frequency
of
detection
then
those
draining
agricultural
areas,
and
had
higher
concentrations.
A
targeted
study
by
the
registrant
found
detectable
levels
of
carbaryl
in
9
of
15
sites
in
agricultural
areas
and
100%
of
4
sites
in
suburban
areas
(limit
of
detection
=
0.002
:
g/
L).
Raw
water
samples
from
suburban
sites
had
measured
residues
greater
then
the
limit
of
detection
but
below
the
level
of
quantitation
(0.03
:
g/
L)
ranging
from
0.002
to
0.023
:
g/
L.
Concentrations
in
samples
from
agricultural
sites
were
lower,
with
one
sample
measuring
about
0.16
:
g/
L,
one
at
0.031
:
g/
L
and
the
rest
were
below
the
level
of
quantitation.
While
this
study
was
targeted
at
carbaryl
use
areas
only
20
sites
were
sampled.
It
is
not
known
how
the
selected
sites
relate
to
the
overall
distribution
of
possible
exposures.
The
concentrations
found
in
this
study
are
similar
to
those
reported
n
non­
targeted
studies.
They
are
not
the
maximum
that
occur
as
evidenced
by
higher
values
found
in
non­
targeted
studies.

°
Because
of
the
relatively
limited
persistence
of
the
compound
in
the
environment
it
is
unlikely
that
non­
targeted
monitoring
studies
will
detect
the
maximum
concentrations
that
occur.
Extensive
data
from
targeted
studies
designed
specifically
to
measure
carbaryl
in
relation
to
actual
application
and
environmental
occurrence
is
not
available.
Only
the
registrant
study
has
tried
to
target
use
areas.
This
study,
while
useful,
is
limited
in
extent
and
did
not
measure
the
concentrations
as
high
as
observed
in
other,
non­
targeted
studies.
Because
of
the
limited
number
of
sites
sampled
and
lack
of
information
on
how
sampled
sites
relate
to
the
overall
carbaryl
use
area
this
study
can
not
be
used
to
estimate
the
distribution
of
expected
environmental
concentrations
which
actually
occur.
Targeted
monitoring
data
is
limited
to
this
study
which
found
concentrations
below
those
observed
in
other
studies.
This
lack
of
extensive
targeted
data
and
the
limitations
inherent
in
using
non­
targeted
data
to
extrapolate
to
actual
environmental
concentrations
indicate
that
computer
modeling
may
provided
a
more
representative
estimate
of
actual
peak
concentrations
that
occur.

°
Computer
modeling
using
the
EPA
PRZM3.12
and
EXAMS
2.97.5
programs
were
used
to
estimate
the
maximum
and
average
concentrations
of
carbaryl
in
surface
water.
Estimated
environmental
concentrations
(EECs)
for
use
in
human
health
risk
assessment
were
developed
by
modeling
with
Index
Reservoir
scenarios
corrected
for
Percent
Cropped
Area
(PCA)
for
representative
crops.
Three
different
application
rate
scenarios
were
used
in
modeling:
the
maximum
allowed
on
the
label
for
the
specific
crop,
an
"average"
rate,
and
1
Maximum
is
the
highest
application
rate
allowed
according
to
the
label
for
the
specific
crop.

"Average"
is
the
average
rate
as
determined
by
OPP/
BEAD
and
reported
in
the
a
memo
titled
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
for
Carbaryl,
prepared
July
21,
1998
by
Frank
Hernandez,
OPP/
BEAD.
These
average
rates
are
presented
here,
but
are
not
relevant
for
drinking
water
exposure
estimates
as
the
usage
is
averaged
over
a
geographic
area.
The
values
do
not
represent
a
typical
rate
that
a
user
in
a
specific
area
applies.

Maximum
used
is
the
highest
rate
of
application
that
is
actually
reported
to
be
used
based
on
OPP/
BEAD
analysis
of
DoaneS
survey
data.

­5­
the
maximum
rate
reported
to
actually
be
used
1
.
EECs
varied
greatly
depending
on
the
geographic
location,
crop
and
application
rate.
EEC
values
ranged
from
about
10
:
g/
L
from
sugar
beets
to
about
500
:
g/
L
from
citrus.
Chronic
EECs
ranged
from
about
1
to
28
:
g/
L.
With
the
exception
of
Florida
citrus
the
calculated
EECs
are
3­
5
times
as
high
as
concentrations
observed
in
monitoring
data.
It
is
highly
unlikely
that
any
but
the
most
extensive
targeted
monitoring
would
capture
the
actual
peak
concentrations,
and
the
results
of
the
modeling
provide
an
conservative,
though
not
unreasonable,
estimate
of
possible
concentrations
in
drinking
water.

°
The
maximum
calculated
EEC
resulted
from
use
on
citrus
in
Florida.
A
more
detailed
assessment
of
the
source
of
water
used
to
provide
drinking
water
and
the
relationship
between
the
areas
where
carbaryl
is
used
and
surface
water
supply
sources
is
required
to
more
accurately
evaluate
possible
human
exposures.
In
1995,
seven
percent
of
Florida's
population
(about
one
million
people)
relied
on
surface
water
for
their
drinking
water
needs
(Marella,
1999).
A
subset
of
these
people
get
their
water
from
citrus
areas.
Until
more
accurate
data
on
land
use
and
related
pesticide
application
is
available
and
can
be
linked
with
data
on
the
location
and
hydraulic
characteristics
of
the
water
bodies
used
for
water
supply
it
is
not
possible
to
provide
a
more
accurate
assessment
of
possible
exposures.
Also,
the
Percent
Crop
Area
for
citrus
may
be
much
lower
then
the
default
minor
use
crop
value
of
87%
so
the
corresponding
concentration
may
be
lower.

°
Carbaryl
and
its
degradate
1­
naphthol
are
fairly
mobile
and
slightly
persistent.
In
general
they
are
not
likely
to
persist
or
accumulate
in
the
environment.
Under
acidic
conditions
with
limited
microbial
activity
they
may
persist.

°
Carbaryl
dissipates
in
the
environment
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
degradation.
The
major
degradation
products
are
CO2
and
1­
naphthol,
which
is
further
degrade
to
CO2.
Carbaryl
is
stable
to
hydrolysis
in
acidic
conditions,
but
hydrolyzes
in
neutral
(half­
life
=
12
days)
and
alkaline
environments
(pH
9
half­
life
=
3.2
hours).
Carbaryl
is
degraded
by
abiotic
photolysis
in
water
with
a
half­
life
of
21
days.
Under
aerobic
conditions
the
compound
degrades
rapidly
by
microbial
metabolism,
with
half­
lives
of
4
to
5
days
in
soil
and
aquatic
environments.
In
anaerobic
environments
metabolism
is
much
slower
with
halflives
on
the
order
of
2
to3
months.
Carbaryl
is
considered
to
be
moderately
mobile
in
the
environment
(Kf
=1.7
to
3.5).

°
The
major
metabolite
of
carbaryl
degradation
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
processes
is
1­
naphthol.
This
degradate
represented
up
to
67%
of
the
applied
carbaryl
in
degradation
­6­
studies.
It
is
also
formed
in
the
environment
by
degradation
of
naphthalene
and
other
polyaeromatic
hydrocarbon
compounds.
Only
limited
information
is
available
for
the
environmental
transport
and
fate
1­
naphthol.
While
guideline
studies
were
not
submitted
specifically
for
the
degradate,
open
literature
information
suggests
that
it
is
less
persistent
and
less
mobile
than
parent
carbaryl.

°
Monitoring
data
for
carbaryl
in
groundwater
suggest
that
carbaryl
is
not
a
major
groundwater
contaminant
though
targeted
data
is
not
available.
Parent
carbaryl
is
detected
in
about
1
%
of
well
samples
in
non­
targeted
monitoring
studies,
generally
at
low
concentrations
(<
0.1
:
g/
L).
In
the
U.
S.
G.
S
NAWQA
program
detections
in
groundwater
were
mainly
from
three
setting:
wheat
(5.8
%
of
well
samples
from
wheat
land
use
),
orchards
and
vineyards
(1.7
%
of
well
samples
from
orchard
and
vineyard
land
use),
and
urban
(1.8%
of
urban
groundwater
samples).
2
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
for
Carbaryl,
OPP/
BEAD,
1998
­7­
2.0
Introduction
Carbaryl
(1­
naphthyl
N­
methylcarbamate)
is
a
broad­
spectrum
carbamate
insecticide
and
acaricide
registered
for
control
of
over
300
species
of
insects
and
mites
on
over
100
crop
and
noncrop
use
sites,
including
homeowner
uses;
pet,
and
poultry
uses;
and
treatment
of
oyster
beds.
As
other
carbamates,
carbaryl
is
a
cholinesterase
inhibitor
that
acts
on
animals
on
contact
and
upon
ingestion
by
inactivating
the
enzyme
acetylcholinesterase
and
blocking
the
degradation
of
the
neurotransmitter
acetylcholine.
As
a
result,
the
build
up
of
acetylcholine
causes
an
over­
stimulation
of
the
central
nervous
system.

Introduced
in
1956,
carbaryl
was
the
first
carbamate
insecticide
to
be
successfully
marketed
for
a
wide
range
of
agricultural
and
household
lawn
and
garden
uses.
Approximately
2.5
million
pounds
of
carbaryl
are
applied
annually
in
the
U.
S.
A
map
showing
the
widespread
use
of
carbaryl
in
agriculture
is
shown
in
Figure
1.

Technical
carbaryl
is
a
white
crystalline
solid
that
has
no
appreciable
odor.
Carbaryl
end­
use
formulations
include
aqueous
dispersions,
baits
dusts,
emulsifiable
concentrates,
flowables,
granules,
oil
based
flowables,
powder,
soluble
concentrates,
suspension
concentrates,
wettable
powders,
water
based
flowables,
water
dispersible
granules,
and
ready­
to
use
formulations.
Carbaryl
can
be
applied
by
aircraft,
ground
equipment,
and
sprinkler
irrigation.
The
principal
registrant
is
Aventis.

For
the
years
of
1987­
96,
carbaryl
usage
averaged
approximately
2.5
million
pounds
a.
i.
for
over
1.5
million
acres
treated.
Average
estimates
for
major
crops
treated
include
alfalfa
(120,000
acres),
apples
(131,000
acres),
corn
(82,000
acres),
hay
(91,000
acres),
pecans
(95,000
acres),
soybeans
(101,000
acres),
and
wheat
(106,000
acres).
Crops
with
a
high
percentage
of
the
total
planted
acreage
treated
include
Chinese
cabbages
(57%),
asparagus
(43%),
cranberries
(39%),
Brussels
sprouts
(33%),
okra
(32%),
pumpkins
(31%),
and
sweet
cherries
(25%)
2
.
Carbaryl
is
also
used
for
residential
and
other
non­
agricultural
uses,
being
the
seventh
most
commonly
used
insecticide
around
the
home.
­8­
Figure
1:
Carbaryl
use
in
Agriculture
(Source
USGS
http://
water.
wr.
usgs.
gov/
pnsp/
use92/
mapex.
html)
3.0
Integrated
Risk
Characterization
Introduction
Carbaryl
is
a
widely
used
insecticide,
and
as
a
result
of
normal
agricultural
and
nonagricultural
uses,
it
is
commonly
detected
in
the
environment.
Carbaryl
and
its
primary
degradate
1­
naphthol
are
fairly
mobile
and
slightly
persistent.
In
general
they
are
not
likely
to
persist
or
accumulate
in
the
environment.
Under
acidic
conditions
with
limited
microbial
activity
they
may
persist.
Carbaryl
dissipates
in
the
environment
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
degradation.
The
major
degradation
products
are
CO2
and
1­
naphthol
which
is
further
degraded
to
CO2.
Carbaryl
is
stable
to
hydrolysis
in
acidic
conditions
but
hydrolyzes
in
neutral
(pH
7
half­
life
12
days)
and
alkaline
(pH
9
half­
life
=
5
hours
environments.
Carbaryl
is
degraded
by
photolysis
in
water
with
a
half­
life
of
21
days.
Under
aerobic
conditions
the
compound
degrades
rapidly
by
microbial
metabolism
with
half­
lives
of
4
to
5
days
in
soil
and
aquatic
environments.
In
anaerobic
­9­
environments
metabolism
is
much
slower
with
half­
lives
on
the
order
of
2
to3
months.
Carbaryl
is
mobile
in
the
environment
(Kf
=1.7
to
3.5).

The
major
metabolite
of
carbaryl
degradation
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
processes
is
1­
naphthol.
Only
limited
information
is
available
for
the
environmental
transport
and
fate
1­
naphthol.
While
guideline
studies
were
not
submitted
specifically
for
the
degradate
open
literature
information
suggests
that
it
is
less
persistent
and
less
mobile
then
parent
carbaryl.

Carbaryl
is
commonly
detected
in
surface
water
monitoring
studies.
Concentrations
are
generally
low
(less
than
1
:
g/
L),
and
the
maximum
reported
value
is
less
than
10
:
g/
L.
In
groundwater
carbaryl
is
detected
less
often
and
at
lower
levels
(generally
less
than
0.01
:
g/
L).
Because
of
the
relatively
limited
persistence
of
the
compound
in
the
environment
it
is
unlikely
that
non­
targeted
monitoring
studies
will
detect
the
maximum
concentrations
that
occur.
Because
only
very
limited
targeted
data
of
uncertain
quality
exists
modeling
was
used
to
estimate
maximum
and
average
concentrations
that
may
occur.
Model
results
suggest
that
concentrations
in
surface
water
resulting
from
normal
agricultural
practices
are
high
enough
to
adversely
effect
a
variety
of
aquatic,
estuarine
and
marine
species.

Aquatic
Organisms
Most
carbaryl
uses
are
not
likely
to
pose
acute
or
chronic
risks
to
freshwater
fish,
nor
an
acute
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
fish.
Most
carbaryl
uses,
however,
are
likely
to
pose
acute
and
chronic
risks
to
freshwater
invertebrates,
and
acute
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates.
On
an
acute
basis,
carbaryl
is
highly
to
slightly
toxic
to
freshwater
fish
(LC50
=
0.25
­
20
ppm),
moderately
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
(LC50
=
2.6
ppm),
very
highly
toxic
to
freshwater
aquatic
invertebrates
(LC50
=
1.7
­
26
ppb),
and
very
highly
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
aquatic
invertebrates,
especially
mysids.

Carbaryl's
main
degradate,
1­
naphthol,
is
highly
to
moderately
toxic
to
freshwater
fish
(LC50
=
0.75
­
1.6
ppm),
moderately
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
(LC50
=
1.2
­
1.8
ppm),
highly
toxic
to
freshwater
invertebrates
(LC50
=
0.7
ppm),
and
highly
toxic
to
moderately
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
(0.21
­
2.5
ppm).
EECs
for
1­
naphthol
can
not
be
calculated
because
of
a
lack
of
fate
and
transport
data.

Exposure
to
sublethal
carbaryl
levels
in
laboratory
studies
are
known
to
adversely
affect
survival
of
freshwater
fish
young
(NOAEC
=
0.25
ppm)
and
reproduction
in
freshwater
invertebrates
(NOAEC
=
3.3
ppb).
NOAEC
values
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
and
invertebrates
have
not
been
established
because
of
missing
data
on
chronic
toxicity
to
estuarine/
marine
fish.

Although
EEC
scenarios
for
aquatic
organisms
were
modeled
using
three
different
kinds
of
application
rate
data
(maximum
label,
maximum
reported
Doane,
and
"average"
rates),
the
LOC
exceedances
are
minimally
affected
by
the
type
of
usage
data.
The
acute
risk
LOC
for
freshwater
fish
is
exceeded
for
one
of
five
use
scenarios
modeled
(citrus)
at
all
three
application
rates,
and
the
chronic
risk
LOC
is
not
exceeded
for
any
scenario,
at
any
use
rate
(Table
1).
­10­
Exposure
to
certain
sublethal
carbaryl
concentrations
can
produce
deleterious
effects
in
freshwater
fish.
When
the
freshwater
murrell
(Channa
punctatus)
is
exposed
to
concentrations
in
the
1666
­
3730
ppb
range,
the
resulting
inhibition
of
acetycholinesterase
(AChE)
can
cause
thyroid
and
gonadal
dysfunction
(Ghosh
et
al.,
1990).
However,
this
study
was
performed
at
concentration
levels
well
above
the
highest
peak
concentration
modeled
for
carbaryl
(Table
5)
and,
therefore,
does
not
provide
an
indication
as
to
potential
effects
under
field
conditions.
In
the
fathead
minnow
(Primephales
promelas),
exposure
to
concentrations
in
the
0.008
­
0.68
mg/
l
(8
­
680
ppb)
prevented
reproduction
and
decreased
survival
only
at
the
highest
test
concentration
(Carlson
1972).
The
NOAEC
determined
by
this
study,
0.21
mg/
l
(210
ppb),
is
at
the
high
end
of
the
peak
EECs
predicted
from
models
for
only
the
citrus
scenario
(Table
5)
and
well
below
the
peak
EECs
predicted
for
the
other
four
scenarios
that
were
modeled
Table
1.
Aquatic
organisms:
acute
and
chronic
Risk
LOC
exceedances
and
RQs
for
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
Acute
Risk
Chronic
Risk
Label
Max
Max
Rep
"Average"
Label
Max
Max
Rep
"Average"

Freshwater
Fish
LOC
Exceed.
1
1/
5
1/
5
1/
5
0/
5
0/
5
0/
5
RQs
1.
1
0.
93
0.
58
­­­
­­­
­­

Estuarine/
Marine
Fish
LOC
Exceed.
1
0/
5
0/
5
0/
5
no
data
no
data
no
data
RQs
­­­
­­­
­­

Freshwater
Inverts
LOC
Exceed.
1
5/
5
5/
5
5/
5
5/
5
5/
5
5/
5
RQ
Ranges
1.
5­
48.9
1.
1­
4
0.8­
25.9
3.
3­
91.3
2.
0­
74.7
1.
7­
44.7
Estuarine/
marine
Inverts
LOC
Exceed.
1
5/
5
5/
5
5/
5
no
data
no
data
no
data
RQ
Ranges
1.
5­
48.1
1.
0­
40.7
0.
8­
25.4
1
No.
use
scenarios
for
which
RQ
is
greater
than
LOC/
total
No.
use
scenarios
examined
(acute
LOC
=
0.5,
chronic
LOC
=
1)

At
relatively
high
concentrations,
carbaryl
can
adversely
affect
amphibians'
development
and
behavior.
For
instance,
Bridges
(2000)
reports
that
acute
exposure
to
carbaryl
in
southern
leopard
frogs
during
development,
from
egg
to
tadpole,
results
in
a
higher
rate
of
deformities
relative
to
control
tadpoles.
Nearly
18%
of
the
tadpoles
exhibited
some
type
of
developmental
deformity,
including
both
visceral
and
limb
malformities,
compared
to
a
single
deformed
(less
than
1%)
control
tadpole.
Activity
of
plains
leopard
frog
tadpoles
exposed
to
carbaryl
diminishes
by
nearly
90%
at
3.5
mg/
L
and
ceases
completely
at
7.2
mg/
L
(Bridges,
1997).
Although
under
the
reported
test
conditions
potential
consequences
of
reduced
activity
and
swimming
performance
can
lead
to
increased
vulnerability
to
predation,
slower
growth,
and
failure
to
complete
metamorphosis,
tests
concentrations
are
considerably
higher
than
the
highest
surface
water
EECs
calculated
for
carbaryl.
Testing
at
or
below
maximum
EEC
is
needed
to
better
understand
if
amphibians
are
indeed
likely
to
be
at
risk
when
exposed
to
carbaryl
at
concentrations
likely
to
occur
under
field
conditions.
It
is
also
possible
that
the
PRZM/
EXAMS
pond
modeling
may
not
be
conservative
enough
for
amphibians
breeding
in
temporary
pools
and
other
short­
lived
aquatic
habitats
exposed
to
carbaryl
­11­
through
runoff
and/
or
spray
drift.
EFED
is
concerned
about
the
behavioral
and
developmental
effects
of
carbaryl
on
amphibians;
when
appropriate
test
procedures
have
been
developed
to
examine
these
effects,
EFED
will
request
that
carbaryl
undergo
these
studies.

The
acute
risk
LOC
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
is
not
exceeded
for
any
use
scenario
modeled,
at
any
use
rate,
indicating
that,
except
for
the
oyster
bed
use
in
Washington
State,
carbaryl
uses
are
unlikely
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
these
organisms.
The
absence
of
core
chronic
toxicity
data
precluded
the
calculation
of
an
RQ
for
estuarine/
marine
fish.
Information
from
the
open
literature,
however,
indicates
that
exposure
to
sublethal
levels
of
carbaryl
can
produce
certain
adverse
effects
in
some
species.
According
to
Weis
and
Weis
(1974),
laboratory
exposure
of
the
silverside
(Menidia
menidia)
to
a
single
dose
of
carbaryl
(100
ppb)
resulted
in
the
temporary
disruption
of
schooling
behavior,
consisting
mainly
of
a
spreading
out
of
the
school
over
a
larger
area.
This
change
in
behavior
was
observed
after
24
h
exposure.
Returning
the
fish
to
carbaryl­
free
water
did
not
bring
about
a
return
of
normal
schooling
patterns
until
72
hours.
This
effect
was
attributed
to
the
accumulation
of
carbaryl
degradate1­
naphthol.

Aerial
carbaryl
applications
to
tideland
areas
in
Washington
State,
at
7.5
­
8
lb
ai/
acre,
for
control
of
burrowing
shrimp
in
commercial
oyster
beds
are
known
to
pose
a
significant
acute
risk
to
fish
inhabiting
treated
mudflats
or
trapped
in
shallow
pools.
Estimates
of
potential
fish
kills
range
from
15,000
to
96,000
following
each
treatment
(MRID
419826­
06).
Exposure
to
sublethal
carbaryl
levels
may
also
inhibit
acetylcholinesterase
in
fish
in
subtidal
areas
near
treated
sites,
resulting
in
a
temporary
impairment
of
burying
behavior
and
increasing
exposure
to
predators
(Pozorycki,
1999).
Along
with
the
burrowing
shrimp,
other
invertebrate
populations
inhabiting
treated
mudflats,
which
constitute
a
food
source
for
fish,
are
temporarily
reduced
or
eliminated.
There
may
be
up
to
100%
mortality
of
Dungenese
crab
populations
following
carbaryl
applications.
However,
some
invertebrates
recolonize
the
treated
areas
within
two
weeks
(MRID
419826­
06),
and
most
populations
of
invertebrates
recover
in
less
than
two
months
(Brooks
1993).
Once
established,
the
oyster
beds
provide
a
suitable
environment
for
a
species­
diverse
community,
as
many
plants
and
invertebrates,
which
are
normally
rare
or
absent
in
barren
mudflats,
readily
grow
on
or
in
between
oyster
shells
(MRID
419826­
06).
Since,
on
average,
tideland
areas
are
treated
once
every
six
years,
adverse
effects
on
the
aquatic
biota
are
temporary.
Potential
nonchemical
pest
management
methods
identified
include
alternative
culture
techniques,
mechanical
control,
enhancement
of
shrimp
predators,
and
electrofishing.
Carbaryl
application
techniques
that
reduce
drift,
such
as
direct
injection
of
carbaryl
into
the
sediment,
should
be
also
further
explored.
In
addition,
improvements
in
the
forecasting
of
shrimp
infestation
and
the
refinement
of
current
action
thresholds
may
help
to
decrease
the
frequency
and
amount
of
carbaryl
applications
without
affecting
effectiveness.

Environmental
concentrations
of
carbaryl
resulting
from
normal
agricultural
uses
have
been
shown
to
have
effects
on
invertebrate
populations
and
individuals.
Both
acute
and
chronic
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
freshwater
invertebrates
for
all
five
carbaryl
aquatic
use
scenarios
modeled
at
maximum
label,
maximum
reported,
and
"average"
use
rates,
indicating
that
most
carbaryl
uses
are
likely
to
pose
acute
and
chronic
risks
to
freshwater
invertebrates.
Emergence
of
aquatic
insects,
such
as
damselflies,
can
also
be
severely
reduced
after
10
­12
days
exposure
to
100
µg/
L
of
carbaryl
(Hardersen
and
Wratten,
1998).
In
a
mesocosm
study,
at
carbaryl
concentrations
above
20
µg/
L
­12­
Daphnia
were
no
longer
found
and
at
concentrations
greater
than
50
µg/
L,
all
cladocerans
were
eliminated,
resulting
in
increased
algal
biomass
due
to
repartitioning
of
biomass
from
zooplankton
to
phytoplankton
(Havens,
1995).
Studies
with
the
freshwater
snail
(Pomaca
patula)
have
shown
that
increased
acetyl
cholinesterase
(AChE)
inhibition
occurs
concurrently
with
the
bioconcentration
of
carbaryl
after
72
hour
exposure
at
3.2
µg/
g
(Mora
et
al.,
2000).

The
acute
LOC
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
is
exceeded
for
all
five
carbaryl
use
scenarios
assessed
at
maximum
label,
maximum
reported,
and
"average"
application
rates,
indicating
that
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
inhabiting
intertidal
zones
and
estuaries
near
areas
where
carbaryl
is
applied
are
likely
to
be
at
risk.

Terrestrial
Organisms
Three
different
kinds
of
nongranular
carbaryl
usage
data
were
considered
for
assessing
risk
to
terrestrial
animals:
maximum
label
rates,
maximum
reported
(Doane
data
available
for
42
uses)
rates,
and
QUA
"average"
rates.
In
most
cases
the
LOC
exceedance
pattern
was
not
significantly
affected
by
the
kind
of
usage
data
used
to
calculate
risk
quotients.

Acute
risk
quotients
indicate
that,
although
none
of
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
may
pose
an
acute
risk
to
birds,
all
nongranular
uses
present
a
chronic
risk
to
birds.
All
granular
uses
are
likely
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
20
g
birds,
and
all
granular
uses,
except
for
cucurbits,
legumes,
wheat,
millet,
and
sugar
beet,
also
represent
a
risk
to
180
g
birds,
while
only
the
trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
uses
pose
a
risk
to
1000
birds.

All
nongranular
and
granular
uses
are
likely
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
15
g
and
35
g
mammals.
All
nongranular
uses
pose
a
chronic
risk
to
mammals.
Table
2
summarizes
LOC
exceedances
as
well
as
the
respective
RQ
ranges
for
nongranular
uses.

The
Agency
is
aware
of
only
a
few
carbaryl­
related
mortality
incidents
for
mammals
and
birds,
all
involving
small
numbers
of
individuals.
Although
few
in
number
and
magnitude,
considering
that
few
mortality
incidents
are
actually
detected
and
reported,
these
known
incidents
suggest
that
a
certain
level
of
acute
risk
to
birds
and
mammals
from
exposure
to
carbaryl
does
exist
under
field
conditions.
­13­
Table
2.
Avian
and
Mammalian
Acute
and
Chronic
Risk
LOC
Exceedances
and
highest
RQs
for
Nongranular
Carbaryl
Uses
at
Maximum
Label,
Maximum
Reported,
and
QUA
Average
application
rates.

Acute
Risk
Chronic
Risk
Label
Max
Max
Rep
"Average"
Label
Max
Max
Rep
"Average"

Birds
LOC
Exceed.
1
0/
74
0/
42
0/
70
73/
74
34/
42
39/
70
RQs
N/
A
N/
A
N/
A
1.5­
12.8
1.
0­
12.0
1.
0­
4.
2
Mammals
LOC
Exceed.
1
74/
74
41/
42
63/
70
72/
74
42/
42
69/
70
RQs
0.
76­
12.12
0.60­
11.36
0.53­
4.02
3.0­
48.0
1.
5­
45.0
1.
5­
15.9
1
No.
uses
for
which
the
highest
RQ
is
greater
than
LOC/
total
No.
uses
examined
(acute
LOC
for
birds
=
1;
acute
LOC
for
mammals
=
0.5,
chronic
LOC
for
birds
and
mammals
=
1)

Based
on
a
rock
dove
LD50
of
1,000
mg/
kg
and
a
mallard
LD50
greater
than
2,000
mg/
kg,
technical
carbaryl
can
be
classified
as
slightly
to
practically
nontoxic
to
birds
on
an
acute
basis.
LD50
values
for
carbaryl
as
low
as
16.2
mg/
kg
and
56.2
mg/
kg
have
been
reported
for
the
starling
and
the
red­
winged
blackbird,
respectively
(Schafer
et
al.,
1983).
Although
these
data
are
based
on
simple
screening
tests,
and
are
therefore
not
reliable
for
risk
assessment
purposes,
they
do
suggest
that
passerine
birds
may
be
significantly
more
sensitive
to
carbaryl
exposure
than
non­
passerine
birds.
Thus,
the
registrant
is
strongly
encouraged
to
submit
acute
oral
toxicity
tests
with
passerine
avian
species.
This
risk
assessment
is
using
the
dove
LD50
(lower
95%
confidence
interval
=
1,000
mg/
kg)
to
calculate
acute
RQs
for
granular
carbaryl.

On
a
subacute,
dietary
basis,
carbaryl
is
practically
nontoxic
to
birds.
The
quail
LC50
is
greater
than
5,000
ppm,
and
an
LC50
greater
than
10,000
ppm
is
reported
for
the
Japanese
quail
(Coturnix)
by
Hill
and
Camardese
(1986).
On
a
chronic
basis,
the
NOAEC
is
300
ppm
for
the
mallard
duck,
based
on
adverse
reproduction
effects
including
reduced
egg
production,
decreased
fertility,
and
increased
incidence
of
cracked
eggs.
For
this
risk
assessment,
the
quail
LC50
(>
5,000
ppm)
and
the
duck
NOAEC
(300
ppm)
are
used
to
calculate
the
subacute
dietary
and
chronic
RQs,
respectively.

The
avian
acute
risk
level
of
concern
(LOC)
is
not
exceeded
for
any
nongranular
carbaryl
use,
at
maximum
or
less
than
maximum
label
application
rates.
The
avian
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
almost
all
(73
of
74)
uses
considered
at
maximum
label
rates,
for
34
of
42
uses
at
maximum
reported
rates,
and
for39of
70
uses
at
"average"
rates.
The
avian
acute
LOC
is
exceeded
for
20
g
birds
for
all
granular
carbaryl
uses
(RQs:
0.52
­
4.76).
For
180
g
birds,
the
acute
LOC
is
exceeded
for
the
trees/
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
uses
(RQ:
0.53).
No
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
1000
g
weight
class
for
any
of
the
granular
carbaryl
uses.

Carbaryl
is
moderately
toxic
to
small
mammals
on
an
acute
oral
basis
(rat
LD50
=
301
mg/
kg)
and,
based
on
decreased
fetal
body
weights
and
increased
incomplete
ossification
of
multiple
bones
in
the
laboratory
rat
(LOAEC
=
600
ppm,
NOAEC
=
80
ppm),
has
the
potential
for
mammalian
chronic
effects.
­14­
As
summarized
in
Table
2,
at
maximum
label
rates
the
mammalian
acute
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
74
nongranular
carbaryl
uses,
and
the
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
70
of
the
uses.
RQs
based
on
maximum
reported
rates
for
42
uses
exceed
the
acute
LOC
for
41
uses,
while
the
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
42
uses.
When
"average"
rates
are
used
to
calculate
RQs
for
70
nongranular
uses,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
63
uses,
and
the
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
69
uses,
indicating
that
LOC
exceedances
are
minimally
affected
when
mammalian
RQs
are
calculated
using
less
than
maximum
label
rates.

Information
available
in
the
open
literature
suggests
potential
reproduction
effects
of
carbaryl
on
mammals.
Several
field
and
laboratory
studies
report
significant
reproduction
effects
for
several
species
of
mammals,
including
reduced
reproduction,
disturbances
in
spermatogenesis,
pathological
pregnancy,
increased
embryonal
resorption,
increased
percentages
of
infertile
females,
and
males
with
underdeveloped
testicles
(Gladenko
et
al.,
1970,
Smirnov
et
al.,
1971,
Krylova
et
al.,
1975,
Pomeroy
&
Barrett,
1975).
Others
report
only
slight
effects
(Anonymous,
1969,
Dougherty
et
al.,
1971,
Narotsky
and
Kavlock,
1995).
Some
fail
to
detect
any
reproduction
effects
(DeNorscia
and
Lodge,
1973,
Dougherty,
1975,
Chapin
et
al.,
1997).

Carbaryl
is
highly
toxic
to
honey
bees
(LC50
=
1.3
­
2.0
µg/
bee),
and
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
a
wide
range
of
other
beneficial
insects,
including
species
that
prey
on
or
parasitize
many
insect
pests.
Carbaryl
has
been
linked
to
numerous
bee
mortality
incidents
in
several
states,
which
is
not
surprising
given
its
effectiveness
as
a
broad­
spectrum
insecticide
and
its
large
number
of
uses.
According
to
surveys
conducted
by
the
American
Beekeeping
Federation
and
the
Washington
State
Department
of
Agriculture,
carbaryl
is
one
of
the
pesticides
most
frequently
mentioned
as
being
associated
with
bee
kills
(Brandi
1997,
Johansen
1997).
To
minimize
risk
to
bees
and
other
pollinators,
all
carbaryl­
containing
products
display
the
standard
pollinator
protection
language
in
their
labels.

As
indicated
by
precautionary
label
language,
carbaryl
can
cause
injury
to
some
terrestrial
plants.
Carbaryl,
used
as
a
fruit
thinning
agent
on
apples
and
pears,
may
cause
fruit
deformity
under
certain
environmental
conditions,
and
injury
to
tender
foliage
if
applied
to
wet
foliage
or
during
periods
of
high
humidity.
As
indicated
in
the
label,
carbaryl
may
also
cause
injury
to
Boston
ivy,
Virginia
creeper,
maidenhair
fern,
and
Virginia
and
sand
pines.
A
few
incidents
involving
carbaryl
injury
to
vegetable
crops
have
been
reported.
To
date,
no
terrestrial
plant
toxicity
studies
have
been
submitted
to
the
Agency.
To
fully
assess
carbaryl
risk
to
terrestrial
plants,
Tier
I
and,
if
appropriate,
Tier
II
Seed
Germination
and
Seedling
Emergence,
as
well
as
Vegetative
Vigor
studies
should
be
submitted
by
the
registrant.
­15­
Endangered
Species
The
endangered
species
LOC
for
birds
(0.1)
is
met
or
exceeded
for
72
of
74
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
for
18
of
70
carbaryl
uses
at
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
for
25
of
42
maximum
reported
use
rates.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
20
g
birds
for
all
granular
uses.
For
180
g
birds
it
is
exceeded
for
all
granular
uses,
except
cucumber,
melons,
pumpkin,
squash,
beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
southern
peas,
wheat,
millet,
and
sugar
beets.
For
1000
g
birds,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
reached
for
the
trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
granular
uses.

The
mammalian
endangered
species
LOC
for
all
three
mammal
weight
categories
and
the
grass/
broadleaf
plants/
small
insects
food
items
is
exceeded
for
all
nongranular
uses
examined,
at
maximum
label
rates.
At
"average"
and
maximum
reported
use
rates,
the
endangered
species
LOC
for
15
g
mammals
feeding
on
short
grass
is
exceeded
for
all
carbaryl
uses.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
15
­
35
g
mammals
for
all
granular
uses.

The
endangered
species
LOC
for
freshwater
fish
is
exceeded
for
three
(sweet
corn,
field
corn,
and
citrus)
of
five
use
scenarios
modeled
and
for
the
citrus
scenario
at
less
than
maximum
label
rates.
For
marine/
estuarine
fish,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
met
for
the
citrus
scenario
only
at
maximum
label
rates.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
freshwater
and
marine/
estuarine
aquatic
invertebrates
for
all
five
use
scenarios
at
maximum
and
less
than
maximum
label
use
rates.

The
uses
of
carbaryl
on
field
crops
(corn,
soybeans,
sorghum,
wheat),
forests
and
pasture/
rangeland
were
addressed
by
the
US
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
(USFWS)
in
the
reinitiation
of
consultation
in
September
1989.
In
their
1989
Biological
Opinion,
USFWS
found
jeopardy
to
a
total
of
86
species
­
6
amphibians,
47
freshwater
fish,
27
freshwater
mussels,
and
5
aquatic
crustaceans.
Reasonable
and
Prudent
Alternatives
(RPA)
were
given
for
each
jeopardized
species.
Reasonable
and
Prudent
Measures
(RPM)
were
given
for
18
non­
jeopardized
species
to
minimize
incidental
take
of
these
species.

Many
additional
species,
especially
aquatic
species,
have
been
federally
listed
as
endangered/
threatened
since
the
Biological
Opinion
of
1989
was
written,
and
determination
of
jeopardy
to
these
species
has
not
been
assessed
for
carbaryl.
In
addition,
endangered
insects,
birds
and
mammals
were
not
considered
in
the
1989
opinion
and
need
to
be
addressed.
Finally,
not
only
are
more
refined
methods
to
define
ecological
risks
of
pesticides
being
used
but
also
new
data,
such
as
that
for
spray
drift,
are
now
available
that
were
not
existent
in
1989.
The
RPAs
and
RPMs
in
the
1989
Biological
Opinion
may
need
to
be
reassessed
and
modified
based
on
these
new
approaches.
This
can
occur
once
the
program
is
finalized
and
in
place.

Endocrine
Disruption
Concerns
EPA
is
required
under
the
Federal
Food,
Drugs,
and
Cosmetics
Act
(FFDCA),
as
amended
by
Food
Quality
Protection
Act
(FQPA),
to
develop
a
screening
program
to
determine
whether
­16­
certain
substances
(including
all
pesticide
active
and
other
ingredients)
"may
have
an
effect
in
humans
that
is
similar
to
an
effect
produced
by
a
naturally­
occurring
estrogen,
or
other
such
endocrine
effects
as
the
Administrator
may
designate."
Following
the
recommendations
of
its
Endocrine
Disruptor
Screening
and
Testing
Advisory
Committee
(EDSTAC),
EPA
determined
that
there
was
scientific
basis
for
including,
as
part
of
the
program,
the
androgen­
and
thyroid
hormone
systems,
in
addition
to
the
estrogen
hormone
system.
EPA
also
adopted
EDSTAC's
recommendation
that
the
Program
include
evaluations
of
potential
effects
in
wildlife.
For
pesticide
chemicals,
EPA
will
use
FIFRA
and,
to
the
extent
that
effects
in
wildlife
may
help
determine
whether
a
substance
may
have
an
effect
in
humans,
FFDCA
authority
to
require
the
wildlife
evaluations.
As
the
science
develops
and
resources
allow,
screening
of
additional
hormone
systems
may
be
added
to
the
Endocrine
Disruptor
Screening
Program
(EDSP).

When
the
appropriate
screening
and
or
testing
protocols
being
considered
under
the
Agency's
Endocrine
Disruptor
Screening
Program
have
been
developed,
carbaryl
may
be
subjected
to
additional
screening
and
or
testing
to
better
characterize
effects
related
to
endocrine
disruption.

There
are
data
indicating
that
carbaryl
has
the
potential
for
endocrine
disruption
effects
on
fish.
Serum
and
pituitary
levels
of
gonadotropic
hormone
and
gonadotropin­
releasing
hormone
(GnRH)
in
the
freshwater
murrell
(Channa
punctatus)
are
reduced
by
exposure
to
1.66
­
3.73
ppm
of
carbaryl
in
laboratory
and
paddy
field
tests
(Ghosh
et
al.,
1990).
The
decrease
in
GnRH
levels
could
be
explained
by
exposure
to
high
estrogen
levels,
acting
through
a
negative
feedback
pathway
to
inhibit
GnRH
release,
and
thus
the
release
of
gonadotropins
(Klotz
et
al.,
1997).
Plasma
and
ovarian
estrogen
levels
in
freshwater
perch
(Anabas
testudineus)
exposed
to
1.66
ppm
of
carbaryl
for
90
days
increase
until
day
15
and
then
decline,
relative
to
control
fish,
indicating
that
long­
term
exposure
to
this
chemical
may
cause
an
inhibitory
effect
on
fish
reproduction
(Choudhury
et
al.,
1993).
Both
the
murrell
and
the
perch
studies,
however,
were
performed
at
concentrations
well
above
the
highest
peak
concentration
modeled
for
carbaryl
and,
therefore,
may
not
reflect
risk
under
field
conditions.

Furthermore,
a
number
of
field
and
laboratory
studies
report
reproduction
effects
with
mammals,
suggesting
that
the
possibility
of
endocrine
disruption
effects
on
wild
mammals
should
be
further
examined.

Uncertainties
The
absence
of
valid
chronic
toxicity
data
for
estuarine/
marine
fish,
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates,
and
amphibians,
as
well
as
the
lack
of
toxicity
data
for
aquatic
and
terrestrial
plants
represent
uncertainties
in
the
risk
assessment
for
carbaryl
that
need
to
be
addressed
through
the
submission
of
additional
required
data.
Additionally,
mammalian
chronic
RQs
were
based
on
a
rat
prenatal
development
study
NOAEC
(MRID#
44732901)
rather
than
the
more
traditional
use
of
a
2­
generation
reproduction
study.
Field
studies
suggest
that
exposure
to
a
single
carbaryl
application
may
affect
reproduction
in
small
mammals.
­17­
Only
very
limited
information
is
available
for
the
environmental
fate
and
transport
of
the
major
carbaryl
degradate
1­
Naphthol.
Without
additional
data
it
is
not
possible
to
develop
an
fate
profile
for
1­
Naphthol.
Concentrations
in
surface
and
groundwater
can
not
be
estimated
without
data
on
the
stability
and
mobility
of
the
degradate
compound.

4.0
Environmental
Fate
Assessment
Exposure
Characterization
Using
acceptable
and
supplemental
environmental
fate
studies
submitted
by
the
registrant,
along
with
published
scientific
literature,
a
profile
of
the
fate
and
transport
of
carbaryl
in
the
environment
has
been
compiled.
This
information
is
sufficiently
complete
to
allow
the
evaluation
of
the
movement
and
fate
of
the
compound.
However,
existing
data
gaps
in
Soil
Photolysis,
Terrestrial
Field
Dissipation,
Aquatic
Field
Dissipation
and
degradate
fate
and
mobility
need
to
be
addressed
by
the
registrant.

Carbaryl
dissipates
in
the
soil
environment
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
degradation.
The
major
degradation
products
are
CO2
and
1­
naphthol,
which
is
further
degraded
to
CO2.
Carbaryl
is
stable
to
hydrolysis
in
acidic
conditions,
but
hydrolyzes
rapidly
in
alkaline
environments.
Carbaryl
is
degraded
by
photolysis
in
water,
with
a
half­
life
of
21
days.
Under
aerobic
conditions
the
compound
degrades
rapidly
by
microbial
metabolism
with
half­
lives
of
4
to
5
days
in
soil
and
aquatic
environments.
In
anaerobic
environments
metabolism
is
much
slower
with
half­
lives
on
the
order
of
2
to3
months.
Carbaryl
is
mobile
in
the
environment
(Kf
=1.7
to
3.5).
Sorption
onto
soils
is
positively
correlated
with
soil
organic
content,
increasing
with
higher
soil
organic
content.
Table
3
summarizes
the
environmental
fate
characteristics
of
carbaryl.
An
analysis
of
the
significance
of
the
data
is
presented
in
this
section.

Monitoring
data
for
carbaryl
in
surface
water
and
groundwater
show
that
it
is
commonly
found
in
surface
water
and
groundwater.
In
surface
water
concentrations
are
generally
low
(less
than
1
:
g/
L)
and
the
maximum
reported
value
is
less
than
10
:
g/
L.
In
groundwater
carbaryl
is
detected
less
often
and
at
lower
levels
(generally
less
than
0.01
:
/L).
Available
monitoring
studies
and
data
sets
are
described
below.

Because
of
the
relatively
limited
persistence
of
the
compound
in
the
environment
it
is
unlikely
that
non­
targeted
monitoring
studies
will
detect
the
maximum
concentrations
that
occur.
Because
of
the
limited
amount
of
data
available
and
because
of
potential
problems
with
extant
data
(described
below)
monitoring
data
are
of
limited
utility
in
developing
EECs
for
ecological
and
human
health
risk
assessment.
Therefore,
EFED
used
computer
modeling
to
estimate
surface
water
and
groundwater
concentrations
that
could
be
expected
from
normal
agricultural
use.
For
developing
surface
water
EECs
EFED
used
EPA
PRZM3.12
and
EXAMS
2.97.5
programs
to
estimate
the
concentration
of
carbaryl
in
surface
water.
For
ecological
risk
assessment
the
standard
pond
scenario
was
used.
For
human
health
risk
assessment
index
reservoir
scenarios
were
used.
3
"Average"
is
the
average
rate
as
determined
by
OPP/
BEAD
and
reported
in
the
a
memo
titled
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
for
Carbaryl,
prepared
July
21,
1998
by
Frank
Hernandez,
OPP/
BEAD.

4
Maximum
used
is
the
highest
rate
of
application
that
is
actually
reported
to
be
used
based
on
OPP/
BEAD
analysis
of
DoaneS
survey
data
by
Donald
Atwood,
Personal
communication,
January
31,
2001.

­18­
Several
application
rates
were
used
in
modeling:
the
maximum
allowed
for
the
specific
crop,
an
"average"
rate
3
,
and
the
maximum
rate
reported
to
actually
be
used
4
.
The
maximum
rate
was
taken
from
the
carbaryl
labels.
"Average
and
maximum
reported
rates
were
determined
by
EPA/
BEAD
based
on
data
collected
by
Doane
surveys
and
registrant
market
analysis.
EECs
varied
greatly
depending
on
the
geographic
location,
crop,
and
application
rate.
Modeling
"average"
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
yielded
EEC
values
generally
40­
60%
lower
than
maximum.
EFED
normally
uses
the
maximum
allowed
application
rates
in
modeling.
In
this
assessment
other,
"less
then
maximum",
rates
were
modeled
in
order
to
evaluate
how
conservative
maximum
rates
modeling
estimates
are.
The
average
and
maximum
rates
may
or
may
not
be
representative
of
actual
use
rates
and
are
of
limited
certainty
due
to
the
quality
and
extent
of
the
data
available
to
calculate
them.
As
described
in
the
BEAD
chapter
the
average
application
rates
were
derived
by
dividing
total
pounds
used
by
the
overall
use
area.
The
resulting
average
does
not
represent
the
actual
average
applied
to
any
specific
area
and
is
not
relevant
for
fist
assessment.
The
maximum
reported
rate
was
determined
from
DOANES
survey
results.
These
data,
while
the
best
available,
are
very
limited.
The
number
of
farmers
surveyed
is
small,
often
only
one
or
two
per
state,
and
the
statistical
validity
of
the
results
are
not
known
but
it
is
highly
unlikely
that
the
survey
identified
the
actual
maximum
value.

The
maximum
calculated
EEC
resulted
from
use
on
citrus
in
Florida.
For
the
Index
Reservoir
scenario
using
maximum
label
rates,
acute
EEC
values
ranged
from
about
19
:
g/
L
from
sugar
beets
to
about
500
:
g/
L
from
citrus
(Table
6).
Chronic
EECs
ranged
from
about
2
to
28
:
g/
L.
These
values
are
higher
then
concentrations
observed
in
monitoring
studies
and
probably
represent
conservative
estimates
of
environmental
concentrations.
Modeling
results
are
higher
then
monitoring
data
because
of
the
limited
persistence
of
the
compound
in
most
surface
waters.
It
is
highly
unlikely
that
any
but
the
most
extensive
targeted
monitoring
would
capture
the
actual
peak
concentrations.
The
results
of
the
modeling
provide
a
conservative,
though
not
unreasonable,
estimate
of
possible
concentrations
in
drinking
water.
A
more
detailed
assessment
of
the
source
of
water
used
to
provide
drinking
water
and
the
relationship
between
the
areas
where
carbaryl
is
used
and
surface
water
sources
is
required
to
more
accurately
evaluate
possible
human
exposures.
Until
more
accurate
data
on
land
use
and
related
pesticide
application
is
available
and
can
by
linked
with
data
on
the
location
and
hydraulic
characteristics
of
the
water
bodies
it
is
not
possible
to
provide
more
accurate
assessment
of
possible
exposures.
A
more
detailed
description
of
modeling
is
presented
below,
and
model
input
files
are
attached
in
appendix
F.
­19­
Figure
2.
Generalized
carbaryl
degradation
pathway
Table
3:
Summary
of
Environmental
Chemistry
and
Fate
Parameters
For
Carbaryl
(See
Text
for
Analysis)

Parameter
Value
Reference
Selected
Physical/
Chemical
Parameters
Molecular
Weight
201.22
Water
Solubility
32
mg/
L
(ppm)
at
20
o
C
Suntio,
et
al.,
1988
Vapor
pressure
1.36
10
­7
mm
Hg
(25
o
C)
Ferrira
and
Seiber,
1981
Henry's
Law
Constant
1.28
x
10
­8
atm
m
3
mol
­1
Suntio,
et
al.,
1988
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Kow
=
229
Windholz
et
al.,
1976
Persistence
Hydrolysis
t1/
2
pH
5
pH
7
pH
9
stable
12
days
3.2
hours
MRID
00163847,
44759301
Photolysis
t½
aqueous
21
days
MRID
41982603
Soil
photolysis
assumed
stable
No
valid
data
submitted
Soil
metabolism
T½

Aerobic
4
days
in
one
sandy
loam
soil
MRID
42785101
Anaerobic
t1/
2
=
72
days
Satisfied
by
162­
3
Aquatic
metabolism
Aerobic
t1/
2
=
4.9
days
MRID
43143401
Anaerobic
t1/
2
=
72
days
MRID
42785102
Table
3:
Summary
of
Environmental
Chemistry
and
Fate
Parameters
For
Carbaryl
(See
Text
for
Analysis)

Parameter
Value
Reference
­20­
Major
Transformation
Products
Identified
in
the
Fate
Studies:

1­
naphthol,
CO2
Minor
Transformation
Products
Identified
in
the
Fate
Studies:

5­
hydroxy­
l­
naphthyl
methylcarbamate
(aerobic
soil
metabolism,
anaerobic
aquatic
)
1­
naphthyl(
hydroxymethyl)
carbamate
(aerobic
soil
metabolism,
anaerobic
aquatic)
1,4­
naphthoquinone
(aerobic
aquatic
metabolism,
anaerobic
aquatic)
(hydroxy)
naphthoquinones
(degradates
of
1­
naphthol)
4­
hydroxy­
1­
naphthyl
methylcarbamate
(anaerobic
aquatic)
1,5­
naphthalenediol
(anaerobic
aquatic)
1,4­
naphthalenediol
(anaerobic
aquatic)

Mobility/
Adsorption­
Desorption
Batch
Equilibrium
Kf
(Koc)
=1.74
(207)
­
sandy
loam
2.04
(249)
­
clay
loam
sediment
3.00
(211)
­
silt
loam
3.52
(177)
­
silty
clay
loam
1/
n
values
ranged
from
0.78­
0.84
MRID
43259301
Column
Leaching
slightly
mobile
in
columns
(30­
cm
length)
of
sandy
loam,
silty
clay
loam,
silt
loam,
and
loamy
sand
soils
MRID
433207­
01
Field
Dissipation
Terrestrial
Dissipation
Submitted
study
not
acceptable
MRID
419826­
05
Forestry
Dissipation
Foliar
t1/
2
=
21
days
Leaf
Litter
t1/
2
=
75
days
Soil
t1/
2
=
65
days
MRID
43439801
Aquatic
Submitted
study
not
acceptable
MRID
4326001
Foliar
Dissipation
30
days
Default
value
Bioaccumulation
Accumulation
in
Fish
not
expected
due
to
low
Kow
­21­
Persistence
Chemical
Degradation
Processes
Hydrolysis
Carbaryl
hydrolysis
is
strongly
pH
dependant.
The
compound
is
stable
under
acidic
conditions
and
degrades
in
neutral
and
alkaline
systems
with
measured
half­
lives
of
12
days
(pH
7)
and
3.2
hours
(pH
9).
Only
one
major
degradate
was
identified,
1­
naphthol
(MRID
44759301).
Chapman
and
Cole
(1982)
measured
half­
lives
of
2.0
weeks
(pH
=
7.0)
and
0.07
weeks
(pH
=
8).
Wolfe
et
al.
(1978)
reported
half­
life
values
in
natural
pond
waters
at
pH
6.7
of
30
days
and
at
pH
7.2
of
12
days.
They
also
estimated
minimum
hydrolysis
half­
life
in
acidic
conditions
of
1600
days.
Armbrust
and
Crosby
(1991)
reported
hydrolysis
half­
lives
in
filtered
seawater
of
24
hours
at
pH
7.9
and
23
hours
at
pH
8.3.
The
major
degradation
product
was
1­
naphthol
which
was
stable
to
further
hydrolysis.

Photolysis
Aqueous
Photolysis
In
an
aqueous
photolysis
study,
carbaryl,
with
an
initial
concentration
of
10.1
mg/
L,
degraded
in
a
pH
5
solution
with
a
half­
life
of
21
days
after
correction
for
dark
controls(
MRID
41982603).
The
only
degradate
identified
was
1­
naphthol.
Wolfe
et
al.
(1978)
reported
a
photolysis
half­
life
in
distilled
water
at
pH
5.5
of
45
hours.
In
filtered
seawater
carbaryl
degraded
rapidly
to
1­
naphthol
under
artificial
sunlight
(290­
360
nm)
with
a
half­
life
of
5
hours.
The
degradation
product,
1­
naphthol,
was
degraded
very
rapidly
with
half­
life
of
less
than
1
hour
(Armbrust
and
Crosby,
1991).

Soil
Photolysis
A
study
of
photolysis
(MRID
41982604)
on
soil
was
submitted;
however
the
study
was
determined
to
be
invalid.
No
data
on
the
possible
soil
photolysis
of
carbaryl
is
available.
In
view
of
this
data
gap,
it
is
assumed
that
the
compound
is
stable
to
photolysis
on
soil.

Microbially­
mediated
Processes
Carbaryl
is
degraded
fairly
rapidly
by
microbial
processes
under
aerobic
conditions
and
more
slowly
under
anaerobic
conditions.
In
a
guideline
study
of
aerobic
soil
metabolism
carbaryl,
with
an
initial
concentration
of
11.2
mg/
kg,
degraded
with
a
half­
life
of
4.0
days
in
sandy
loam
soil
incubated
in
the
dark
at
25
B
C
(MRID
42785101).
The
major
degradate
was
1­
naphthol
which
further
degraded
rapidly
to
non­
detectable
levels
within
14
days.
In
an
aerobic
aquatic
metabolism
study
carbaryl,
with
an
initial
concentration
of
9.97
mg/
L,
degraded
with
a
half­
life
of
4.9
days
in
flooded
clay
loam
sediment
in
the
dark
at
25°
C
(MRID
43143401).
1­
Naphthol
was
identified
as
a
major
nonvolatile
degradate.
Carbaryl
degraded
with
a
half­
life
of
72.2
days
in
anaerobic
aquatic
sediment
with
an
initial
carbaryl
concentration
of
about
10
mg/
L;
1­
naphthol
was
the
major
degradate.
Minor
degradates
included
5­
hydroxy­
1­
naphthyl
methylcarbamate,
4­
hydroxy­
1­
naphthyl
methylcarbamate,
1,5­
naphthalenediol,
1,4­
naphthalenediol,
1­
naphthyl(
hydroxymethyl)
carbamate,
and
1,4­
naphthoquinone
­22­
Liu,
et
al.
(1981)
studied
carbaryl
degradation
in
anaerobic
and
aerobic
fermenters
spiked
with
a
mixture
of
lake
sediment,
silt
loam
and
domestic
activated
sludge
and
buffered
to
pH
6.8.
They
reported
abiotic
degradation
half­
lives
of
8.3
(aerobic)
and
15.3
(anaerobic)
days.
After
correcting
for
abiotic
controls,
when
carbaryl
was
used
as
the
sole
carbon
source
they
found
aerobic
and
anaerobic
metabolism
half­
lives
of
54
and
11.6
days,
respectively.
When
glucose
and
peptone
were
added
co­
metabolism
aerobic
and
anaerobic
metabolism,
half­
lives
were
7.6
and
6.1
days
respectively.

A
number
of
soil
microorgamisms
have
been
identified
which
can
degrade
carbaryl
including
Pseudomonas
sp
(Chapalmadugu
and
Chaudhry,
1991;
Larken
and
Day,
1986),
Rhodoccus
sp.
(Larkken
and
Day,
1986),
Bacillus
sp.
(Rajagopal.
et
al.,
1984),
Arthrobacter
sp.
(Hayatsu
et
al.,
1999),
and
Achromobacter
sp
(Karns
et
al.,
1986).
Some
bacteria
are
capable
of
complete
degradation
to
CO2
(Chapalamadugu
and
Chaudhry,
1991)
while
some
stop
at
1­
naphthol.
In
soils
it
appears
that
consortia
of
bacteria
are
able
to
degrade
parent
and
1­
naphthol
completely
to
CO2.
Proposed
degradation
pathways
proceed
by
using
the
methylcarbarmate
side
chain
as
a
carbon
source,
converting
the
parent
to
1­
naphthol.
1­
naphthol
is
then
degraded
through
intermediates
salicylaldehyde,
salicylic
acid,
catechol,
and
gentisate
to
CO2
and
water
(Chapalamadugu
and
Chaudhry,
1991;
Hayatsu
et
al.,
1999).
Several
studies
have
shown
that
bacteria
isolated
from
soil
exposed
to
carbofuran
can
degrade
carbaryl
indicating
cross
adaption
by
microorganisms
allowing
degradation
of
compounds
with
similar
structure
(Karns
et
al.,
1986:
Chaudhry,
et
al.,
1988).
Carbaryl
degradation
utilizes
enzyme
systems
which
may
or
may
not
degrade
other
carbarmate
compounds
(Chapalamadugu
and
Chaudhry,
1991).

Mobility
Carbaryl
is
considered
to
be
moderately
mobile
in
soils.
Based
on
batch
sorption/
desorption
studies,
the
compound
has
Freundlich
Kf
values
of
<3.52.
Sorption
is
dependant
on
the
soil
organic
matter
content
and
increased
with
increasing
Koc.

Batch
Adsorption/
Desorption
Based
on
batch
equilibrium
experiments
(MRID
43259301)
carbaryl
was
determined
to
be
moderately
mobile
to
mobile
in
soils.
In
silty
clay
loam,
sandy
loam,
loamy
sand,
and
silt
loam
soils
and
clay
loam
sediment,
mobility
decreased
with
increasing
soil
organic
matter
content.
Adsorption
Koc
values
ranged
from
177­
249.
Kf
values
were
1.74
for
the
sandy
loam
soil,
2.04
for
the
clay
loam
sediment,
3.00
for
the
silt
loam
soil,
and
3.52
for
the
silty
clay
loam
soil.
Corresponding
Koc
values
were
207,
249,
211,
and
177,
respectively,
and
1/
n
values
ranged
from
0.78­
0.84.
Mobility
decreased
with
increasing
soil
organic
matter
content.
Sorption
showed
significant
hystereses
with
Freundlich
desorption
constants
(Kf(
des))
values
of
6.72
for
sandy
loam
soil,
6.78
for
clay
loam
sediment,
6.89
for
silt
loam
soil,
and
7.66
for
silty
clay
loam
soil.
1/
n
values
ranged
from
0.86­
1.02.
Corresponding
desorption
Koc
values
were
800,
827,
485,
and
385,
respectively.
Literature
data
confirms
that
carbaryl
is
mobile.
Nkedi­
Kizza
and
Brown
(1998)
reported
Kf
of
4.72
(1/
n
=
0.80)
for
soil
with
an
organic
content
of
590
mg/
Kg.
They
found
that
sorption
was
lower
on
subsoils
and
attributed
this
to
a
lower
organic
content.
The
reported
Koc
values
ranged
from
144
to
671.
­23­
Column
Leaching
In
column
leaching
experiments
(MRID
43320701),
carbaryl
residues
were
determined
to
be
slightly
mobile
in
columns
(30­
cm
length)
of
sandy
loam,
silty
clay
loam,
silt
loam,
and
loamy
sand
soils
treated
with
aged
carbaryl
residues.
This
disparity
with
the
batch
experiments
may
possibly
be
explained
by
the
relatively
poor
extraction
recovery,
by
slow
desorption
kinetics
and
by
degradation
during
the
aging
period.
Unextracted
[
14
C]
labeled
residues
in
the
soils
prior
to
leaching
ranged
from
19.0%
of
the
recovered
in
the
loamy
sand
soil
to
39.7%
in
the
silty
clay
loam
soil.
The
study
author
believed
that
50%
of
the
carbaryl
applied
to
the
soil
had
degraded
prior
to
leaching.

Field
Dissipation
Studies
of
carbaryl
dissipation
in
terrestrial,
aquatic
and
forest
environments
have
been
submitted
by
the
registrant.
In
forest
environments
carbaryl
was
found
to
be
moderately
persistent
in
soil
(half­
live
=
65
days)
and
leaf
litter
(half­
live
=
75
days).
The
submitted
field
and
aquatic
dissipation
studies
were
determined
to
be
unacceptable,
and
did
not
provide
useful
information
on
movement
and
dissipation
of
carbaryl
or
its
degradation
products.

Field
dissipation
studies
conducted
in
the
1960s
and
1970s
in
terrestrial
(Fiche/
Master
ID
000108961
and
00159337),
aquatic
(Fiche/
Master
ID
001439080,
0124378,
00159337,
00159338,
00159339)
and
forestry
(Fiche/
Master
ID
00029738,
00159340,
00159341)
environments
and
submitted
in
the
1980s
have
been
reexamined.
When
they
were
initially
reviewed
they
were
not
considered
acceptable
for
a
number
of
reasons
including:
sampling
frequency
was
not
sufficient
to
allow
calculation
of
dissipation
rates,
degradates
were
not
identified
or
quantified,
soil,
sediment
and
water
were
not
sufficiently
characterized,
problems
with
analytical
method
specificity
and
validity,
insufficient
sampling
frequency
and
sampling
depth,
lack
of
data
on
irrigation
practices
measures.
These
studies
do
not
meet
current
levels
of
scientific
validity
required
to
be
considered
acceptable
and
do
not
provide
useful
information
on
field
dissipation
of
carbaryl
and
its
degradates.

The
data
requirements
for
terrestrial
and
aquatic
field
dissipation
have
not
been
fulfilled,
and
additional
studies
are
required.

Terrestrial
Field
Dissipation
Results
of
two
field
dissipation
studies
conducted
in
California
and
North
Carolina
were
submitted
(MRID
41982605).
Because
of
inappropriate
sampling
intervals,
poor
sample
storage
stability,
lack
of
degradate
monitoring,
rainfall
and
irrigation
that
were
less
than
evapotranspiration,
and
irrigation
water
with
high
pH,
these
studies
do
not
provide
reliable
information
on
the
rate
of
dissipation
of
parent
carbaryl
or
formation
of
degradation
products.
The
requirement
for
terrestrial
field
dissipation
has
not
been
fulfilled,
and
additional
information
is
required.
Because
of
problems
with
submitted
studies
additional
field
studies
are
required.

A
freezer
stability
study
was
reportedly
conducted
but
the
results
past
90
days
were
not
submitted.
There
was
apparently
significant
degradation
within
90
days.
Study
samples
were
analyzed
as
long
as
8
months
after
collection,
making
the
quality
of
the
data
highly
questionable.
Degradates
were
not
analyzed
in
either
study,
and
the
sampling
interval
was
insufficient
to
accurately
determine
the
dissipation
rate
for
carbaryl.
In
the
California
study
>80%
of
the
applied
­24­
carbaryl
apparently
dissipated
between
the
final
carbaryl
application
and
the
next
sampling
interval
(4­
7
days
after
the
final
application).
In
the
NC
study
>
90
%
apparently
dissipated
between
application
and
the
next
sampling
event
(7days).
However,
in
both
studies
dissipation
after
7
days
suggested
a
half­
life
on
the
order
of
weeks.
In
both
studies
rainfall
and
irrigation
were
less
than
evapotranspiration
so
the
data
can
not
be
used
to
assess
the
potential
for
carbaryl
to
leach
into
the
subsurface.
In
the
California
study,
irrigation
with
water
with
a
pH
of
8.0
was
applied
1­
3
days
after
each
pesticide
application.
Because
carbaryl
hydrolysis
is
highly
pH
dependant
(
T1/
2
at
pH
9
=
3.2
hours)
this
may
have
resulted
in
significantly
more
rapid
degradation.

Forestry
Field
Dissipation
In
a
supplemental
forestry
field
dissipation
study
(MRID
43439801)
carbaryl
was
applied
on
a
pine
forest
site
in
Oregon.
Carbaryl
half­
lives
were
found
to
be
21
days
on
foliage,
75
days
in
leaf
litter
and
65
days
in
soil.
At
the
time
of
treatment,
the
trees
of
primary
interest
(pine)
were
3­
8
feet
tall.
Carbaryl
concentration
was
a
maximum
of
264
ppm
in
the
pine
foliage
at
2
days
posttreatment
28.7
ppm
in
the
leaf
litter
at
92
days,
0.16
ppm
in
the
upper
15
cm
of
litter­
covered
soil
at
62
days,
and
1.14
ppm
in
the
upper
15
cm
of
exposed
soil
at
2
days.
Carbaryl
was
detected
in
the
leaf
litter
up
to
365
days
after
treatment,
and
in
the
litter­
covered
soil
up
to
302
days
after
treatment.
Carbaryl
was
<0.003
ppm
in
water
and
sediment
from
a
pond
and
stream
located
approximately
50
feet
from
the
treated
area.
This
study
was
determined
to
provide
only
supplemental
information
because
degradation
products
were
not
identified
and
their
rate
of
formation
and
decline
was
not
determined.

Aquatic
Field
Dissipation
Results
of
aquatic
field
dissipation
studies
conducted
on
rice
in
Texas
and
Mississippi
were
submitted
(MRID
43263001).
The
studies
were
evaluated
and
found
to
be
unacceptable.
They
do
not
provide
useable
information
on
the
dissipation
of
carbaryl
and
1­
naphthol
in
aquatic
field
conditions.
Frozen
storage
stability
data
were
provided
for
only
6
months,
although
the
water
samples
were
stored
for
up
to
14
months
and
the
soil
samples
were
stored
for
up
to
17.5
months
prior
to
analysis.
The
data
suggest
that
carbaryl
and
1­
naphthol
degraded
significantly
during
storage.
In
the
six
months
of
storage
carbaryl
degraded
an
average
of
34
%
in
Texas
water
and
39%
in
from
Mississippi.
1­
naphthol
degraded
50%
in
water
from
Texas
and
69%
from
Mississippi.
Degradation
did
not
appear
linear,
and
it
is
not
possible
to
extrapolate
out
to
14
months.
It
was
therefore
not
possible
to
evaluate
the
actual
concentrations
of
carbaryl
and
1­
naphthol
in
the
samples
or
estimate
the
dissipation
rates.

Bioaccumulation
in
Fish
Because
of
the
low
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient
carbaryl
is
not
expected
to
significantly
bioaccumulate.
Reported
Kow
values
range
from
65
to
229
(Bracha,
and
O'Brian,
1966;
Mount,
M.
E.
and
Oehme,
1981;
Windholz
et
al.,
1976).
A
fish
bioaccumulation
study
reviewed
in
1988
(Chib,
1986,
Fiche/
Master
ID
00159342)
suggested
that
bioaccumulation
factors
were
14x
in
­25­
edible
tissue,
75x
in
visceral
tissue
and
45x
in
whole
fish.
Though
the
study
does
not
meet
current
acceptable
standards
it
does
support
the
conclusion
that
significant
bioaccumulation
is
not
expected.
No
additional
data
on
bioaccumulation
is
required
at
this
time.

Foliar
Dissipation
The
reported
rates
of
carbaryl
dissipation
from
foliar
surfaces
varies
from
1
days
to
30
days.
In
their
review
of
literature
data
on
pesticide
foliar
persistence,
Willis
and
McDowell
(1987)
report
that
carbaryl
dissipation
rates
varied
from
1.2
to
29.5
days.
In
the
submitted
forestry
field
dissipation
study
(MRID
43439801)
carbaryl
applied
to
pine
needles
dissipated
with
a
half­
live
of
21
days.
For
terrestrial
risk
assessment
modeling
EFED
used
35
days
as
the
dissipation
half­
life.

Atmospheric
Transport
Carbaryl
has
been
shown
to
be
transported
and
deposited
by
atmospheric
processes
(Waite,
et
al.,
1995;
Foreman,
et
al.,
2000;
Sanusi
et
al.,
2000).
As
with
all
chemicals
applied
by
aerial
or
ground
spray,
spray
drift
can
cause
exposure
to
non­
target
organisms
downwind.
Beyer
et
al.,
(1995)
studied
spray
drift
from
aerial
application
to
rangeland
near
the
Little
Missouri
River
in
North
Dakota.
In
1991
carbaryl
was
applied
to
35130
ha
at
560
g/
ha
(0.62
lb)
A.
I.
A
152
m
nospray
buffer
zone
was
maintained.
River
water
samples
collected
1
hour
after
completion
of
spraying
had
a
mean
concentration
of
85.1
:
g/
l.
Concentration
decreased
over
time,
and
96
hours
after
application
the
mean
was
0.1
:
g/
l.
In
1993
a
similar
application
resulted
in
a
maximum
concentration
1
hour
after
spraying
of
12.6
:
g/
l
decreasing
to
5.14
:
g/
L
after
96
hours.
The
researchers
found
that
invertebrates
in
the
river
were
minimally
effected
while
fish
brain
acetylcholinesterase
activity
was
not
effected.

Vapor
phase
transport
and
particulate
transport
may
carry
the
compound
far
from
the
area
of
application.
In
the
atmosphere,
partitioning
between
particulate
and
gas
phase
is
a
function
of
temperature
and
changes
from
about
30%
vapor
phase
to
about
90%
when
temperature
increases
from
283
to
303
K
(Sanusi
et
al.,
1999).
This
suggests
that
atmospheric
transport
distance
and
deposition
are
a
function
of
temperature.

Carbaryl
has
been
detected
in
air
in
urban
and
suburban
areas
with
limited
influence
from
agricultural
spraying.
It
is
detected
more
frequently
and
generally
at
higher
concentrations
at
sampling
locations
in
urban
areas
than
in
agricultural
areas
(Foreman
et
al.,
2000).
Pesticide
concentrations
in
fog
often
are
higher
than
those
observed
in
rain
water
or
surface
water
and
may
represent
a
significant,
though
generally
overlooked,
route
of
exposure.
Schomburg
et
al.
(1991)
reported
carbaryl
concentrations
in
fog
ranging
from
0.069
to
4.0
:
g/
L.
­26­
1­
Naphthol
Fate
and
Transport
Limited
information
is
available
for
the
environmental
fate
and
transport
of
the
major
carbaryl
degradate
1­
Naphthol.
1­
Naphthol
was
formed
in
laboratory
degradation
studies
and
represented
a
major
portion
of
the
applied
mass
(maximum
of
22
%
in
aerobic
aquatic
metabolism,
58%
in
aerobic
soil
metabolism
and
67%
in
photolysis).
1­
Naphthol
was
not
persistent
in
the
studies
and
appears
to
have
degraded
more
rapidly
then
the
parent.

1­
Naphthol
a
natural
product
and
is
also
formed
as
a
degradation
product
of
naphthalene
and
other
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons.
It
appears
to
degraded
more
rapidly
then
the
parent
in
the
submitted
studies
but
there
is
not
sufficient
information
the
develop
a
detailed
fate
profile.
While
guideline
studies
were
not
submitted
specifically
for
the
degradate,
literature
information
suggests
that
it
is
less
persistent
and
less
mobile
than
parent
carbaryl.
Armbrust
and
Crosby
(1991)
reported
that
1­
Naphthol
was
stable
to
hydrolysis
in
filtered
seawater
at
pH
7.9
and
8.3.
Hydrolytic
degradation
of
1­
naphthol
is
reported
to
be
due
to
reaction
with
dissolved
O2
and
is
highly
pH
dependant
(Karthikeyan
and
Chorover,
2000).
Oxidation
increases
with
pH
and
ionic
strength.
Below
pH
7
oxidation
is
minimal
and
reaches
a
maximum
at
about
pH
9.
Oxidation
of
1­
naphthol
reportedly
results
in
production
of
(hydroxy)
naphthoquinones
and
dimer
coupled
reaction
products,
though
the
reaction
rates
for
1­
naphthol
degradation
is
not
well
known
(Karthikeya
and
Chorover,
2000).
In
filtered
seawater
carbaryl
degraded
rapidly
to
1­
naphthol
under
artificial
sunlight
(290­
360
nm),
with
half­
life
of
5
hours.
The
degradation
product,
1­
naphthol,
was
degraded
very
rapidly
with
half­
life
of
less
than
1
hour
(Armbrust
and
Crosby,
1991).

1­
naphthol
is
degraded
rapidly
by
microbial
processes
in
aerobic
systems.
In
an
aerobic
soil
metabolism
study
(MRID
42785101)
1­
naphthol
degraded
rapidly
to
non­
detectable
levels
within
14
days.
Armbrust
and
Crosby
(1991)
reported
that
1­
naphthol
degraded
in
unfiltered
seawater
to
below
detectable
level
within
94
hours.
Burgos
et
al.
(1999)
found
that
greater
than
90%
of
aqueous
1­
naphthol
was
degraded
to
CO
2
within
10
days.
However,
they
found
that
sorption
to
soil
greatly
reduced
the
degradation
rate;
when
sorbed
degradation
was
greatly
slowed
to
25­
40%
degradation
in
90
days.

No
guideline
information
was
submitted
on
1­
naphthol
sorption.
Literature
information
suggests
that
it
is
not
strongly
sorbed.
Sorption
to
poorly
crystalline
aluminum
hydroxide
was
pH
dependant
and
appeared
to
occur
only
after
oxidation
(Karthikeyan
et
al.,
1999).
Hassett
et
al.
(1981)
reported
an
average
1­
naphthol
Koc
of
431
(±
40)
for
10
of
the
16
soils
tested.
They
also
found
that
in
other
soils
with
very
low
organic
carbon
to
clay
ratios
clay
surfaces
controlled
sorption.
Additional
data
on
1­
naphthol
sorption
is
required
to
fully
characterize
mobility.
­27­
Aquatic
Exposure
Assessment
Surface
Water
Five
crop
scenarios:
apples,
field
corn,
sweet
corn,
oranges
and
sugar
beets
scenarios
were
used
in
modeling
for
surface
water
EEC.
These
crops
were
chosen
as
representative
of
the
major
groups
of
crops
with
high
carbaryl
use
and
application
rates
that
would
result
in
high
potential
for
surface
water
contamination.
The
EEC's
generated
in
this
analysis
were
calculated
using
PRZM
for
simulating
runoff
from
an
agricultural
field
and
EXAMS
for
estimating
environmental
fate
and
transport
within
the
water
body.
Modeling
was
done
using
the
maximum
rate
on
label,
average
application
rate
and
maximum
rate
of
application
reported.

Two
sets
of
surface
water
simulations
have
been
done
for
carbaryl:
for
drinking
water
assessment
and
for
aquatic
ecological
exposure
assessment.
The
modeling
done
for
drinking
water
assessment
was
done
using
the
index
reservoir
watershed
scenario
(Jones,
et
al.,
2000)
and
calculated
values
were
corrected
for
Percent
Crop
Area
(PCA).
For
ecological
risk
assessment
modeling
was
done
using
the
standard
farm
pond
scenario.
The
standard
pond
scenario
used
by
EFED
simulates
a
ten­
hectare
field
draining
into
a
one­
hectare
static
pond
that
is
two
meters
deep
and
has
no
outlet.
It
is
assumed
that
evaporation
losses
and
inflow
from
rainfall
and
runoff
are
balanced.
The
inputs
used
are
similar
to
those
used
in
modeling
drinking
water
EECs
and
are
shown
in
Table
4.
EECs
generated
(Table
5)
were
compared
with
toxicological
information
described
below
to
estimate
the
risk
to
non­
target
aquatic
organisms.
­28­
Table
4.
PRZM/
EXAMS
environmental
fate
input
parameters
for
Carbaryl
Parameter
Value
Data
source
Molecular
Weight
201.22
Solubility
32
mg/
L
(@
20°
C)
Suntio,
et
al.,
1988
Vapor
Pressure
(torr)
1.36
10
­6
@
25°
C
Ferrira
and
Seiber,
1981
Henry's
Law
Constant
1.28
x
10
­8
Suntio,
et
al.
1988
Hydrolysis
Half­
life
pH
5
pH
7
pH
9
stable
12
days
3.2
hours
MRID
00163847
44759301
Soil
Photolysis
Half­
life
(days)
stable
no
valid
data
submitted
Aquatic
Photolysis
Half­
life
(days)
21
days
MRID
41982603
Aerobic
Soil
Metabolism
Half­
life
4.
0
days
(n=
1
so
use
3x)
MRID
42785101
Aerobic
Aquatic
Metabolism
Half­
life
4.
9
days
(n
=
1
so
use
3x)
MRID
43143401
Anaerobic
Aquatic
Metabolism
Half­
life
72.2
days
MRID
42785102
Soil­
Water
Partitioning
Coefficient
Kads
(Koc)
1.74
(207)
sandy
loam
2.0
(249)
clay
loam
3.0
(211)
silt
loam
3.5
(177)
silty
clay
loam
(Koc
=
209
for
SCIGROW)
MRID
43259301
There
are
a
number
of
factors
which
may
limit
the
accuracy
and
precision
of
the
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling,
including
the
selection
of
realistic
exposure
scenarios,
the
quality
of
the
input
data,
the
ability
of
the
models
to
represent
the
real
world
and
the
number
of
years
that
were
modeled.
The
scenarios
that
are
selected
for
use
in
Tier
II
EEC
calculations
were
chosen
to
be
representative
of
uses
likely
to
produce
the
highest
concentrations
in
the
aquatic
environment.
The
EEC's
in
this
analysis
are
accurate
only
to
the
extent
that
the
model
represents
real
environments.
The
most
limiting
part
of
the
site
selection
is
the
use
of
the
standard
pond
with
no
outlet.
A
standard
pond
is
used
because
it
provides
a
basis
for
comparing
pesticides
in
different
regions
of
the
country
on
equal
terms.
The
models
also
have
limitations
in
their
ability
to
represent
some
processes
such
as
the
handling
of
spray
drift.
A
second
major
limitation
is
the
lack
of
validation
at
the
field
level
for
pesticide
runoff.
­29­
Table
5.
Tier
II
surface
water
estimated
environmental
concentration
(EEC)
values
derived
from
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling
for
use
in
ecorisk
assessment
(Calculated
using
standard
pond.)

Use
Site,
Application
Method
Number
of
Applications
Per
Year
Application
Rate
(Pounds
A.
I.
per
Application)
Surface
Water
Acute
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year
peak
single
day
concentration)
21
day
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year)
60
day
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year)

Sweet
Corn
(OH),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
8
2
3
2
3.4
1
46
16
14
26
10
8
21
5
4
Field
Corn
(OH),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
4
2
2
2
1
1.5
28
12
18
16
6
9.5
10
3
5
Apples
(OR),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
5
2
2
2
1.2
1.6
8.6
4.5
6.0
4.9
2.5
3
4
1
2
Sugar
Beets
(MN),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
2
1
1
1.5
1.5
1.2
19
14
11
11
7
5
5
3
2
Oranges
(FL),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
4
2
3
5
3.4
4.3
274
145
232
137
67
112
79
33
55
Urban
and
Suburban
EFED
has
limited
tools
for
assessing
the
effects
of
pesticide
use
in
urban
and
suburban
settings
on
surface
water
and
groundwater
quality.
Carbaryl
is
extensively
used
in
such
nonagricultural
applications,
resulting
in
widespread
surface
water
contamination.
This
conclusion
is
based
on
monitoring
data.
In
urban
and
suburban
areas
small
streams
are
generally
greatly
affected
by
surface
runoff
and
water
collection
into
storm
sewers.
These
small
streams
can
provide
a
significant
habitat
for
aquatic
animals,
and
this
habitat
can
be
severely
degraded
by
runoff
of
urban
pesticides.
Garden
and
lawn
care
products
and
other
outdoor
uses
contribute
to
carbaryl
presence
in
storm
sewers
and
streams.
Monitoring
data
show
that
about
50%
of
urban
streams
have
measurable
concentrations
(>
0.01
:
g/
L)
of
carbaryl
compared
to
less
than
10%
of
agricultural
sites
(Larson,
et
al.,
1999).
Additional
information
is
needed
to
adequately
assess
the
environmental
impacts
of
urban
and
suburban
uses.
Targeted
surface
water
and
groundwater
monitoring
studies
are
required
to
more
adequately
understand
the
movement
of
the
compound
in
these
environments
and
to
provide
estimates
of
the
distribution
of
possible
exposures
from
urban
and
suburban
environments.

Estimated
Environmental
Concentrations
for
Terrestrial
Ecological
Risk
Assessment
For
terrestrial
EECs,
EFED
uses
the
concentration
of
a
chemical
on
food
items
derived
from
the
Kenaga
nomograph,
as
modified
by
Fletcher
et
al.
(1994).
The
nomograph
allows
estimation
of
the
concentration
of
pesticide
on
food
items
resulting
from
application,
based
on
a
large
set
of
actual
field
residue
data.
The
upper
limit
values
from
the
nomograph
represent
the
95th
percentile
­30­
of
residue
values
from
actual
field
measurements
(Hoerger
and
Kenaga,
1972).
Hoerger­
Kenaga
pesticide
environmental
concentration
estimates
were
based
on
residue
data
correlated
from
more
than
20
pesticides
on
more
than
60
crops.
Representative
of
many
geographic
regions
(7
states)
and
a
wide
array
of
cultural
practices,
Hoerger­
Kenaga
estimates
also
considered
differences
in
vegetative
yield,
surface/
mass
ratio
and
interception
factors.
In
1994,
Fletcher
et
al.
reexamined
the
Hoerger­
Kenaga
simple
linear
model
(y=
B
1
x,
where
x=
application
rate
and
y=
pesticide
residue
in
ppm)
to
determine
whether
the
terrestrial
EEC's
were
accurate.
They
compiled
a
data
set
of
pesticide
day­
0
and
residue­
decay
data
involving
121
pesticides
(85
insecticides,
27
herbicides,
and
9
fungicides
from
17
different
chemical
classes)
on
118
species
of
plants.
They
concluded
that
Hoerger­
Kenaga
estimates
needed
only
minor
modifications
to
elevate
the
predictive
values
for
forage
and
fruit
categories
from
58
to
135
ppm
and
from
7
to
15
ppm,
respectively.
Otherwise,
the
Hoerger­
Kenaga
estimates
were
accurate
in
predicting
the
maximum
residue
values
after
a
1
lb
ai/
acre
application.

EFED
calculates
concentration
over
time
assuming
first
order
dissipation
from
plant
surfaces.
In
the
absence
of
reliable
foliar
dissipation
data
a
dissipation
half­
life
of
35
days
is
used.
Published
literature
shows
that
carbaryl
dissipation
rates
vary.
and
are
among
the
highest
observed
for
any
pesticide.
(Willis
and
McDowell,
1987).
ELL­
FATE,
a
spreadsheet
based
first
order
decay
model
was
used
to
calculate
concentration
over
time
for
multiple
applications
at
the
label
maximum,
"average,"
and
maximum
reported
application
rates.
A
more
thorough
description
of
the
model
calculations
and
ELL­
FATE
outputs
are
attached
in
Appendix
D.
EEC
values
calculated
for
different
crop
applications
are
presented
in
Tables
4,
7,
8,
and
9,
Appendix
B.

5.0
Drinking
Water
Assessment
Water
Resources
Assessment
Chemical
characteristics
and
available
monitoring
data
indicate
that
carbaryl
has
the
potential
to
enter
surface
water
via
leaching
and
runoff
under
certain
conditions
and
has
limited
potential
to
leach
to
ground
water.
Carbaryl
tends
not
to
bind
tightly
to
soil,
aquifer
solids,
or
sediment.
Once
the
compound
has
entered
surface
water,
it
may
be
degraded
by
chemical
and
biological
processes.
Abiotic
degradation
by
photolysis
(t1/
2
=
21
days)
and
hydrolysis
in
alkaline
(t1/
2
=
3.2
hours
at
pH
9)
and
neutral
(t1/
2
=
12
days
at
pH
7)
waters
result
in
fairly
rapid
degradation
in
most
aqueous
environments.
Microbially
mediated
processes
also
contribute
to
fairly
rapid
degradation
of
the
parent
to
1­
naphthol
and
CO2.
Aerobic
aquatic,
soil
aerobic
and
anaerobic
metabolism
studies
(t1/
2
=
5,
4,
and
72
days
respectively)
suggest
that
the
compound
is
broken
down
by
a
variety
of
metabolic
processes.

Under
certain
limited
conditions
carbaryl
may
be
expected
to
persist
in
the
environment.
Under
low
pH
conditions
the
compound
is
stable
to
hydrolysis.
In
anaerobic
environments
metabolism
is
fairly
slow
(t½
=
72
days).

Surface
water
monitoring
studies
show
that
carbaryl
is
the
second
most
widely
detected
insecticide
after
diazinon.
Carbaryl,
at
typically
low
concentrations,
is
found
in
greater
than
20
%
­31­
of
surface
samples
in
NAWQA
studies
at
concentrations
up
to
5.5
ppb.
Carbaryl
is
detected
more
frequently
in
non­
agricultural
areas
(about
40%)
then
in
agricultural
areas
(about
5
%).
A
maximum
carbaryl
concentration
of
8.4
ppb
was
reported
for
surface
water
samples
in
the
California
DPR
surface
water
database.
Carbaryl
is
generally
not
widely
detected
in
groundwater
monitoring
studies
though
some
studies
have
found
concentrations
of
up
to
several
hundred
ppb.
Concentrations
as
high
as
610
µg/
L
have
been
detected
in
one
case
but
typical
groundwater
concentrations
are
much
lower.
NAWQA
studies
have
found
that
about
1
%
of
groundwater
samples
have
measurable
levels
(>
0.003
:
g/
L)
of
carbaryl,
with
a
maximum
concentration
of
0.02
µg/
L.
Targeted
studies
designed
to
measure
carbaryl
in
groundwater
are
not
available.

Drinking
Water
Exposure
Assessment
Based
on
chemical
properties,
existing
monitoring
data
and
computer
simulation
estimates
of
carbaryl
contamination
that
can
be
expected
in
surface
water
and
groundwater
as
a
result
of
normal
use
practices
have
been
determined.
Carbaryl
is
the
second
most
commonly
detected
insecticide
in
surface
water,
and
can
be
expected
to
contaminate
drinking
water
derived
from
surface
water
bodies.
Targeted
and
non­
targeted
studies
regularly
detect
carbaryl
in
low
concentrations,
typically
below
1
µg/
L.
Monitoring
studies
suggest
that
about
20
%
of
surface
water
bodies
have
detectable
(>
0.01
:
g/
L)
levels
of
the
compound.
The
maximum
reported
value
in
surface
water
was
8.4
µg/
L.

Carbaryl
is
not
widely
detected
in
groundwater
studies.
Drinking
water
derived
from
groundwater
has
been
found
to
have
low
or
non­
detectable
levels
of
carbaryl.
For
drinking
water
derived
from
groundwater,
the
acute
and
chronic
EEC
value
of
0.8
µg/
L
is
based
on
modeling
using
SCI­
GROW.
It
must
be
noted
that
carbaryl
has
an
aerobic
metabolism
half­
life
(4
days)
which
is
significantly
outside
the
range
of
values
for
which
SCI­
GROW
may
be
valid
(17­
1000
days).
Because
of
this
there
is
significant
uncertainty
in
the
SCI­
GROW
value.
EFED
currently
does
not
have
more
advanced
groundwater
models,
and
targeted
studies
specifically
designed
to
evaluate
the
potential
for
carbaryl
to
move
to
groundwater
are
not
available.

Because
of
its
chemical
structure
carbaryl
is
somewhat
difficult
to
quantify
by
gas
chromatography.
Older
studies
using
GC
or
GC/
MS
generally
have
poor
recovery
and
quantitation
limits.
Because
of
this
difficulty
in
analysis
the
actual
concentration
of
carbaryl
in
groundwater
and
surface
waters
may
be
higher
than
reported.
More
recent
studies
using
HPLC/
MS
should
provide
better
data
on
the
true
extent
and
magnitude
of
water
contamination
from
the
use
of
carbaryl.

Drinking
Water
Modeling
Modeling
to
support
the
assessment
of
drinking
water
in
the
human
health
risk
assessment
was
done
for
five
scenario:
Florida
citrus,
Ohio
sweet
corn
and
field
corn,
Oregon
apples
and
Minnesota
sugar
beets.
These
scenarios
were
selected
to
represent
the
range
of
crops
and
use
rates
likely
to
result
in
higher
environmental
concentrations.
EECs
were
calculated
using
The
Pesticide
Root
Zone
Model
version
3.12
(PRZM)
(Carsel
et
al.,
1997)
and
EXAMS
2.97.5
(Exposure
Analysis
Modeling
System)
(Burns,
1997)
were
run.
PRZM
is
used
to
simulate
pesticide
transport
as
a
result
­32­
of
runoff
and
erosion
from
an
agricultural
field
and
EXAMS
estimates
environmental
fate
and
transport
of
pesticides
in
surface
water.
Weather
and
agricultural
practices
are
simulated
over
36
years
so
that
the
10­
year
exceedance
probability
at
the
site
can
be
estimated.
A
partial
list
of
input
parameters
for
the
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling
are
given
in
Table
4.
Simulations
were
run
using
the
maximum
application
rates,
average
rates,
and
maximum
reported
rates.
The
values
generated
by
the
models
were
multiplied
by
a
default
percent
crop
area
factor
(PCA)
which
accounts
for
the
fact
that
is
unlikely
for
any
basin
to
be
completely
planted
to
agricultural
crops.
For
human
health
assessment,
simulations
were
done
using
the
Index
Reservoir
scenario
in
Exams.
The
Index
Reservoir
and
PCA
are
described
in
Jones
et
al.,
2000.
The
EEC's
for
the
five
scenarios
simulated
are
shown
in
Table
6.
Input
files
for
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling
is
included
in
Appendix
A.

The
maximum
calculated
EEC
resulted
from
use
on
citrus
in
Florida.
For
the
Index
Reservoir
scenario
using
maximum
label
rates,
acute
EEC
values
ranged
from
about
10
:
g/
L
from
sugar
beets
to
about
500
:
g/
L
from
citrus
(Table
6).
Chronic
EECs
ranged
from
about
2
to
28
:
g/
L.
These
values
are
higher
then
concentrations
observed
in
monitoring
studies
and
probably
represent
conservative
estimates
of
environmental
concentrations.
It
is
highly
unlikely
that
any
but
the
most
extensive
targeted
monitoring
would
capture
the
actual
peak
concentrations.
The
results
of
the
modeling
provide
a
very
conservative,
though
not
unreasonable,
estimate
of
possible
concentrations
in
drinking
water.
A
more
detailed
assessment
of
the
source
of
water
used
to
provide
drinking
water
and
the
relationship
between
the
areas
where
carbaryl
is
used
and
surface
water
sources
is
required
to
more
accurately
evaluate
possible
human
exposures.
In
Florida,
for
example,
the
majority
of
drinking
water
is
derived
from
groundwater
(>
90%)
so
high
surface
water
concentrations
do
not
necessary
indicate
high
exposure.
Until
more
accurate
data
on
land
use
and
related
pesticide
application
is
available
and
can
by
linked
with
data
on
the
location
and
hydraulic
characteristics
of
the
water
bodies
it
is
not
possible
to
provide
more
accurate
assessment
of
possible
exposures.
A
more
detailed
description
of
modeling
is
presented
below,
and
model
input
and
output
files
are
attached
in
Appendix
A.

Water
Treatment
Effects
The
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
has
completed
a
preliminary
review
of
the
effects
of
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
e
a
t
men
t
o
n
p
e
s
t
i
c
i
d
e
s
i
n
w
a
t
e
r
(http://
www.
epa.
gov/
scipoly/
sap/
2000/
september/
sept00
sapdw
0907.
pdf).
This
review
indicates
that
standard
drinking
water
treatment,
consisting
of
flocculation/
sedimentation
and
filtration
does
not
substantially
affect
concentrations
of
pesticides
in
drinking
water.
Evidence
suggests
that
carbaryl
does
not
react
with
chlorine
or
hypoclorite
disinfection
products
in
water
treatment
but
is
rapidly
degraded
(T½
=
too
rapid
to
measure)
by
ozone
(Mason
et
al.,
1990).
Since
relatively
few
water
treatment
facilities
in
the
U.
S.
use
ozone
the
limited
data
available
do
not
indicate
that
carbaryl
is
likely
to
be
degraded
in
the
majority
of
treatment
plants.
­33­
Table
6.
Drinking
Water
EECs
Crop
Number
of
Applications
per
Year
Pounds
A.
I.
per
application
Surface
Water
Acute
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year
peak
single
day
concentration)
Surface
Water
Chronic
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year
annual
average
concentration)

Sweet
Corn
(OH)
(PCA
=
0.46)
Maximum
1
8
2
37
3.2
Average
2
2
3.
4
45
2.2
Maximum
3
Reported
3
1
15
0.9
Field
Corn
(OH)
(PCA
=
0.46)
Maximum
1
4
2
30
2.1
Average
2
2
1
13
0.6
Maximum
3
Reported
2
1.
520
1
Apples
(OR)
(PCA
=
0.87)
Maximum
1
5
2
144
9
Average
2
2
1.
2
12
0.7
Maximum
3
Reported
2
1.
625
1
Sugar
Beats
(MN)
(PCA
=
0.87)
Maximum
1
2
1.
519
2
Average
2
1
1.
5
12
1.1
Maximum
3
Reported
1
1.
2
9
0.
9
Oranges
(FL)
(PCA
=
0.87)
Maximum
1
4
5
494
28
Average
2
2
3.
4
246
11
Maximum
3
Reported
3
4.
26
411
16
Surface
Water
Monitoring
5.5
(Maximum
Observed
Concentration)

Groundwater
SCIGROW
Maximum
1
5
40.
8
0.
8
Groundwater
(NAWQA
Monitoring
Data)
0.02
0.02
1
Maximum
application
rate
on
label
2
Average
application
rate
from
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
for
Carbaryl,
prepared
July
21,
1998
by
Frank
Hernandez,
OPP/
BEAD
3
Maximum
rate
of
application
reported
in
Doanes
survey
data
Groundwater
Resources
Available
evidence
from
valid
scientific
studies
show
that
carbaryl
has
a
limited
potential
to
leach
to
ground
water.
As
a
result
of
normal
agricultural
use,
detections
of
carbaryl
residues
have
­34­
been
reported
in
groundwater
from
several
states.
As
reported
in
the
U.
S.
EPA.
Pesticides
in
Groundwater
Database
(Jacoby
et
al.,
1992)
carbaryl
was
detected
in
0.4%
of
wells
sampled.
Carbaryl
was
detected
in
California
(2
out
of
1433
wells),
Missouri
(11
out
of
325
wells),
New
York
(69
out
of
21027
wells)
Rhode
Island
(13
out
of
830
wells)
and
Virginia
(
11
out
of
138
wells).
The
maximum
concentration
detected
was
610
µg/
L
in
NY,
though
typically
the
measured
concentrations
were
significantly
lower.

The
EPA
STORET
database
was
queried
on
May
12,
1999
for
reports
of
measurements
of
carbaryl
in
groundwater.
The
database
contained
9389
records
indicating
that
analysis
was
done
for
carbaryl.
Out
of
these
only
4
reported
concentrations
above
the
detection
limits.
These
analyses
were
all
from
one
well
in
Cleveland,
OK
in
1988.
The
4
reported
concentrations
were
between
0.8
and
1
ppb.

Carbaryl
was
detected
at
greater
than
the
detection
limit
(0.003
µg/
L)
in
1.1
%
of
groundwater
samples
from
1034
sites
across
the
U.
S.
by
U.
S.
G.
S.
NAWQA
program.
The
maximum
observed
concentration
was
0.021
µg/
L.
Detections
were
mainly
from
three
use
sites:
wheat
(5.8
%
of
well
samples
from
wheat
land
use
),
orchards
and
vineyards
(1.7
%
of
well
samples
from
orchard
and
vineyard
land
use),
and
urban
(1.8%
of
urban
groundwater
samples).
Data
on
pesticides
in
groundwater
were
reviewed
by
Kolpin
et
al.
(1998)
and
updated
information
is
available
at:
http://
water.
wr.
usgs.
gov/
pnsp/
pestgw/.

Surface
Water
Resources
Monitoring
Data
Carbaryl
is
widely
detected
in
non­
targeted
and
targeted
monitoring
studies.
Observed
concentrations
are
generally
low
(>
0.5
:
g/
L).
Carbaryl
is
not
very
persistent
in
most
surface
water
conditions
suggesting
that
the
wide
spread
occurrence
is
a
result
of
its
extensive
use
in
a
variety
of
applications.
Because
of
limitation
in
the
analytical
methods
used
there
is
some
uncertainty
in
the
quantitative
accuracy
of
carbaryl
analysis.

NAWQA
Carbaryl
is
the
second
most
widely
detected
insecticide
after
diazinon
in
the
USGS
NAWQA
program
(http://
water.
usgs.
gov/
nawqa/
nawqa_
home.
html).
Carbaryl
was
detected
in
46%
of
36
NAWQA
study
units
between
1991
and
1998.
The
reported
concentrations
are
believed
to
be
reliable
detections
but
have
greater
than
average
uncertainty
in
quantification.
The
data
in
the
NAWQA
database
are
amended
with
an
"E"
qualifier
to
indicate
the
variability
found
in
the
analysis.
This
suggests
that
the
reported
values
may
not
represent
the
maximum
concentrations
that
exist.

Carbaryl
(along
with
diazinon)
was
one
of
the
two
most
widely
detected
insecticides.
Out
of
5220
surface
water
samples
analyzed
1082,
or
about
21
percent,
were
reported
as
having
detections
greater
than
the
MDL.
The
maximum
reported
concentration
was
5.5
µg/
L.
For
samples
­35­
with
positive
detections
the
mean
concentration
was
0.11
:
g/
L,
with
a
standard
deviation
of
0.43
:
g/
L.
A
significant
portion
of
the
total
carbaryl
applied
was
transported
to
streams.
In
areas
with
high
agricultural
use
the
load
measured
in
surface
waters
was
relatively
consistent
across
the
country
at
about
0.1
percent
of
the
amount
used
in
the
basins
(Larson
et
al.,
1999)
http://
water.
wr.
usgs.
gov/
pnsp/
rep/
wrir984222/
load.
html.
The
estimated
carbaryl
use
on
in
agricultural
applications
is
about
2.5
million
pounds
suggesting
that
2,500
pounds
are
delivered
to
the
nations
streams
draining
agricultural
areas.

Streams
draining
urban
areas
showed
more
frequent
detections
and
higher
concentrations
than
streams
draining
agricultural
or
mixed
land
use
areas.
For
example
Kimbrough
and
Litke
(1996)
reported
that,
in
the
South
Platte
River
Basin
Study
Unit,
between
April
and
December
of
1993,
carbaryl
was
detected
in
14
urban
drainage
samples
and
6
agricultural
drainage
samples.
Carbaryl
had
the
highest
concentration
of
the
four
insecticides
analyzed
with
a
maximum
concentration
of
2.5
:
g/
L
in
the
urban
basin
and
1.5
:
g/
L
in
the
agricultural
basin
(http://
webserver.
cr.
usgs.
gov/
nawqa/
splt/
meetings/
KIMB1.
html).
In
the
South­
Central
Texas
Study
Unit
carbaryl
was
detected
in
12%
of
streams
draining
agricultural
areas
and
52
%
draining
urban
areas
(Bush
et
al.,
2000)
http://
water.
usgs.
gov/
pubs/
circ/
circ1212/.

Registrant
Monitoring
Study
Aventis
Crop
Science
initiated
in
February
1999
a
surface
water
monitoring
study
of
carbaryl
residues
in
surface
water
in
areas
believed
to
have
high
agricultural
and
residential
use,
based
predominantly
on
county­
level
sales
data.
A
total
of
20
sites
are
monitored,
with
"medium­
sized
watersheds"
targeted:
16
sites
in
agricultural
areas
and
4
in
areas
draining
suburban
areas.
Samples
of
raw
water
were
collected
at
municipal
water
treatment
facilities.
When
raw
water
analyses
detected
carbaryl,
stored
finished
water
samples
(collected
at
the
same
time)
were
analyzed.
Samples
were
collected
weekly
during
periods
suspected
of
being
"high
risk"
and
monthly
the
rest
of
the
year
in
agricultural
areas.
Suburban
sites
were
sampled
weekly.
The
study
was
originally
envisioned
to
last
for
one
year,
but
was
extended
for
an
additional
year
in
February,
2000
(amendment
7),
and
for
a
third
year
in
February,
2001
(amendment
9).
Carbaryl
was
analyzed
by
HPLC/
MS/
MS
with
a
limit
of
detection
of
0.002
ppb
(2
ppt)
and
a
limit
of
quantitation
(LOQ)
of
0.030
ppb
(30
ppt).

OPP
has
received
two
interim
reports
of
monitoring
from
this
study.
The
first
report
(MRID
45116201)
has
been
fully
reviewed
and
results
are
described
below.
Very
recently
a
second
report
was
received
by
OPP/
EFED.
Results
from
this
latest
report
(MRID
45394101)
have
not
been
reviewed
in
depth,
but
are
similar
to
results
from
year­
one.

Carbaryl
was
widely
detected
at
surface
water
sites
monitored
in
this
study.
Samples
containing
carbaryl
were
detected
in
raw
drinking
water
samples
collected
at
all
four
suburban
monitoring
locations,
and
at
about
three
quarters
of
the
agricultural
monitoring
locations
(13
of
16
sites).
Carbaryl
was
not
detected
as
frequently
in
finished
drinking
water
samples
when
they
were
analyzed;
however,
only
a
small
subset
of
finished
water
samples
were
actually
analyzed.
This
represents
a
significant
flaw
in
the
study
design
and
limited
its
usefulness
for
evaluating
the
effects
­36­
of
treatment.
Differences
in
concentrations
between
raw
and
finished
drinking
water
are
likely
attributed
more
to
changes
in
the
concentration
of
source
water
than
to
effects
of
treatment.
Most
carbaryl
detections
in
this
study
were
at
low
levels,
below
the
LOQ
of
0.03
ppb.
Carbaryl
contamination
measured
in
this
monitoring
study
appears
to
be
transient,
and
therefore
it
is
unlikely
that
any
but
the
most
intensive
field
sampling
would
ever
detect
the
actual
peak
concentration
that
occurs
at
a
site.
The
interim
study
reports
have
not
adequately
addressed
why
concentrations
found
in
this
study,
which
claims
to
target
high
carbaryl
use
areas,
are
substantially
lower
than
those
measured
in
the
untargeted
USGS
NAWQA
studies.
That,
and
the
limited
number
of
sites
sampled,
limit
the
usefulness
of
this
study.

Summary
of
year­
one
monitoring
In
raw
water
samples
from
suburban
sites
detectable
residues
in
raw
water
ranged
from
0.002
to
0.023
ppb.
11
out
of
40
raw
water
samples
from
Sweetwater
Creek,
the
source
of
water
for
the
East
Port
facility
in
Douglas,
GA
had
detectable
levels
ranging
from
0.002
to
0.018
ppb.
One
out
of
46
samples
from
Joe
Pool
Lake,
Ellis
Texas
had
a
detection
at
0.014
ppb.
Jorden
Lake
in
Cary,
NC
had
2
detections
out
of
44
samples
(0.004
and
0.003
ppb).
11
out
of
40
samples
from
the
Cahaba
River
in
Birmingham
AL
had
detections
ranging
from
0.002
to
0.023
ppb.
Finished
water
sampled
from
suburban
areas
were
all
below
the
detection
limit.

In
samples
from
agricultural
sites
9
out
of
15
water
sources
had
some
detectable
level
of
carbaryl.
The
detections
were
generally
at
low
levels,
with
one
of
about
0.16
ppb
and
one
of
0.031.
The
rest
were
below
the
level
of
quantitation
(<
0.030
ppb).
Samples
from
finished
water
were
generally
lower
than
raw
water,
though
it
appears
that
raw
and
finished
water
sampling
did
not
sample
the
same
mass
of
water.
Therefore,
the
data
can
not
be
used
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
water
treatment
on
carbaryl.
Because
the
samples
were
collected
at
the
same
time,
the
water
exiting
the
treatment
plant
was
temporally
different
than
the
water
entering
and
represent
different,
independent,
parcels
of
water.
In
several
cases
finished
water
had
higher
concentrations
than
raw
water,
and
finished
water
had
detectable
carbaryl
when
the
raw
did
not.
The
highest
concentration
measured
was
in
finished
water
(0.18
ppb).
Raw
water
sampled
at
the
same
time
had
much
lower
concentration
(0.010).

Non­
targeted
monitoring,
such
as
the
NAWQA
program,
has
shown
that
much
higher
concentrations
occur
indicating
that
this
study,
while
useful,
can
not
be
used
to
describe
the
overall
distribution
of
concentrations
that
occur
throughout
the
entire
use
area.
This
study
does
not
provide
sufficient
information
to
allow
estimation
of
actual
peak
and
mean
concentrations
that
actually
occur
in
all
use
areas.
The
highest
concentration
values
measured
in
this
study
are
close
to
the
average
values
seen
in
other,
non­
targeted,
studies.

Only
limited
information
was
submitted
on
sampling
site
selection
and
how
the
sites
relate
to
the
overall
distribution
of
use
areas.
Home
and
garden
sites
were
selected
downstream
of
urban/
suburban
areas
that
were
believed
to
have
high
use
based
on
county
scale
sales
data.
­37­
Agricultural
sites
were
selected
based
on
county
scale
sales
data,
and
are
believed
to
be
in
"major
use
counties."

This
study
is
still
ongoing
and
only
interim
study
results
have
been
submitted.
Additional
information
is
needed
to
evaluate
the
study
results.
Additionally,
an
analysis
of
how
the
selected
sites
relate
to
the
nationwide
distribution
of
carbaryl
use
areas
is
required.
This
should
include
an
explanation
of
why
this
study
did
not
observe
concentrations
as
high
as
those
found
in
other,
nontargeted
studies,
and
how
the
results
of
this
study
can
be
related
to
concentrations
that
occur
throughout
the
country.
Based
on
the
interim
data
submitted
it
appears
that
this
study
measured
concentrations
similar
to
those
observed
in
non­
targeted
studies
but
did
not
capture
high
end
or
peak
values.
Until
additional
information
is
submitted
it
is
not
possible
to
use
these
interim
results
for
more
then
to
reinforce
the
inferences
drawn
from
non­
targeted
study
data.

Sacramento­
San
Joaquin
River
Delta
As
part
of
a
two
year
study
into
the
cause
of
declines
in
aquatic
insects
in
California's
Sacramento­
San
Joaquin
Delta,
toxicity
of
surface
water
was
measured
using
ceriodaphnia.
When
toxicity
was
found,
toxic
identification
evaluation
was
done
to
determine
the
causative
agent.
Carbaryl
was
found
to
be
the
primary
toxicant
at
one
of
20
sites
sampled
in
1995,
with
concentration
of
7.0
:
g/
L.
The
toxicity
seemed
to
persist
for
several
days
(Werner,
et
al.,
2000).

STORET
The
EPA
STORET
database
(
was
queried
on
May
12,
1999
for
reports
of
measurements
of
carbaryl
in
surface
water.
The
database
contained
8048
records
indicating
that
analysis
was
done
for
carbaryl.
Out
of
these
432
reported
concentrations
above
the
detection
limits.
The
maximum
value
reported
was
5.5
µg/
L.
Of
the
reported
detections
18
were
above
1
ppb.
The
data
is
the
STORET
database
is
used
to
give
a
general
indication
of
the
occurrence
pattern
only.
Lack
of
QA/
QC
and
analytical
methodology
limitations
limit
the
usefulness
of
the
STORET
data.
However,
reported
detections
of
carbaryl
suggest
that
the
compound
is
infrequently
detected
in
surface
water
and
at
low
levels.

6.0
Hazard
and
Risk
Assessment
for
Aquatic
Organisms
Hazard
Assessment
for
Aquatic
Organisms
Freshwater
Fish
On
an
acute
basis,
technical
carbaryl
is
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
freshwater
fish
and
to
fish
that
spend
a
portion
of
their
life
cycle
in
fresh
water,
such
as
the
Atlantic
salmon
(LC50
=
0.25
20
ppm).
LC50
values
for
the
typical
end
use
products
range
from
1.4
to
290
ppm,
falling
in
the
moderately
to
practically
nontoxic
categories.
Calculation
of
acute
and
chronic
risk
quotients
for
freshwater
fish
are
based
on
an
Atlantic
salmon
LC50
of
250
ppb
and
a
fathead
minnow
NOAEC
of
210
ppb,
respectively.
­38­
Amphibians
According
to
an
available
supplemental
study
with
a
50%
carbaryl
formulation,
the
LD50
for
the
bullfrog
(Rana
catesbeiana)
is
greater
than
4,000
mg/
kg,
or
practically
nontoxic
(MRID
00160000).
A
single
acute
exposure
of
plains
leopard
frog
tadpoles
(Rana
blairi)
to
carbaryl
concentrations
in
the
3.5
­
7.2
mg/
L
range
led
to
a
90%
reduction
in
swimming
activity,
including
sprint
speed
and
sprint
distance,
activity
ceasing
completely
at
7.2
mg/
L
(Bridges
1997).
This
reduction
in
activity
and
swimming
performance
may
result
in
increased
predation
rates
and,
because
activity
is
closely
associated
with
feeding,
may
result
in
slowed
growth
that
could
lead
to
failure
to
complete
metamorphosis.
Acute
exposure
to
low
carbaryl
levels
may
not
only
affect
immediate
survival
of
tadpoles
but
also
impact
critical
life
history
functions.

On
a
chronic
basis,
carbaryl
has
been
shown
to
have
the
potential
to
adversely
affect
amphibians.
In
a
recent
study,
nearly
18%
of
southern
leopard
frog
(Rana
sphenocephala)
tadpoles
exposed
to
carbaryl
during
development
exhibited
some
type
of
developmental
deformity,
including
both
visceral
and
limb
malformations,
compared
to
a
single
deformed
(<
1%)
control
tadpole
demonstrating
that
carbaryl
exposure
can
result
in
amphibian
deformities
(Bridges,
2000).
Although
the
length
of
the
larval
period
was
the
same
for
all
experimental
groups,
tadpoles
exposed
throughout
the
egg
stage
were
smaller
than
their
corresponding
controls.
Because
exposure
to
nonpersistent
chemicals
may
last
for
only
a
short
period
of
time,
it
is
important
to
examine
the
long­
term
effects
that
short­
term
exposure
has
on
larval
amphibians
and
the
existence
of
any
sensitive
life
stage.
Any
delay
in
metamorphosis
or
decrease
in
size
at
metamorphosis
can
impact
demographic
processes
of
the
population,
potentially
leading
to
declines
or
local
extinction.

Freshwater
Invertebrates
Carbaryl
is
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
invertebrates
(1.7
­
26
ppb)
on
an
acute
basis.
This
compound
also
has
a
very
strong
potential
for
chronic
effects
to
invertebrates
(NOAEC
=
3.3
ppb).
Field
studies
that
evaluated
populations
of
damselflies
(Xanthocnemis
zealandica)
after
exposure
to
100
µg/
L
carbaryl
showed
a
90%
reduction
in
emergence
success
after
10­
12
days
exposure
(Hardersen
and
Wratten,
1998).
Studying
natural
plankton
communities
in
enclosed
mesocosms,
Havens
(1995)
reports
a
decline
in
total
zooplankton
biomass
and
individuals
across
the
range
of
carbaryl
treatments
(0
­
100
ug/
L).
Furthermore,
at
carbaryl
concentrations
greater
than
20
µg/
L
Daphnia
was
no
longer
found
and
that
at
concentrations
above
50
ug/
L
all
cladocerans
were
eliminated,
resulting
in
an
increase
in
algal
biomass,
representing
a
repartitioning
of
biomass
from
zooplankton
to
phytoplankton.
Hanazato
(1995)
exposed
Daphnia
ambigua
to
carbaryl
and
a
kairomone
released
by
the
predator
Chaoborus
(phantom
midge)
simultaneously.
Daphnia
developed
helmets
in
response
to
the
kairomone,
but
not
in
response
to
carbaryl
at
1­
3
µg/
L.
However,
carbaryl
enhanced
the
development
of
high
helmets
and
prolonged
the
maintenance
period
of
the
helmets
in
the
presence
of
the
kairomone,
suggesting
that
at
low
concentrations
carbaryl
can
alter
predator­
prey
interactions
by
inducing
helmet
formation
and
vulnerability
to
predation
in
Daphnia.
In
related
mesocosms
studies,
exposure
to
carbaryl
at
1
ppm
killed
all
plankton
species,
including
Chaoborus
larvae
(Hanazato,
1989).
However,
this
concentration
is
well
above
the
maximum
EECs
modeled
for
carbaryl,
and
is
unlikely
that
such
high
levels
of
this
chemical
would
­39­
be
found
under
field
conditions.
Mora
et
al.
(2000)
studying
the
relationship
between
toxicokinetics
of
carbaryl
and
effects
on
acetylcholinesterase
(ACHase)
activity
in
the
snail,
Pomaca
patula,
observed
increased
enzyme
inhibition,
along
with
the
bioconcentration
of
carbaryl,
after
72
hours
of
exposure
to
sublethal
levels
(3.2
ug/
g).
The
transfer
of
snails
to
carbaryl­
free
water
was
followed
by
rapid
monophasic
elimination
with
a
half­
life
of
1.0
hour,
although
ACHase
activity
levels
never
returned
to
control
values.
The
risk
assessment
for
freshwater
invertebrates
is
based
on
a
stonefly
LC50
of
1.7
ppb
and
a
water
flea
NOAEC
of
1.5
ppb,
respectively.

Estuarine/
Marine
Fish
Carbaryl
is
categorized
as
moderately
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
on
an
acute
basis,
based
on
a
minnow
LC50
of
2.6
ppm.
Laboratory
exposure
to
a
single
dose
of
carbaryl
at
100
ppb
can
adversely
affect
schooling
behavior
in
the
silverside
(Weis
and
Weis,
1974).
Exposure
to
carbaryl
at
10
ppb
caused
retardation
of
fin
regeneration
during
the
first
week
of
the
study
in
the
killifish
(Fundulus
heteroclitus)
(Weis
and
Weis
1975).
Field
exposure
to
a
maximum
carbaryl
water
concentration
of
1.2
ppm
affected
burying
behavior
in
caged
English
sole
young
(Pozorycki,
1999).
The
acute
risk
assessment
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
is
based
on
a
sheepshead
minnow
LC50
of
2.6
ppm.
At
present,
the
chronic
NOAEC
for
marine/
estuarine
fish
has
not
been
established,
therefore
additional
chronic
toxicity
studies
are
required.
Guideline
72­
4(
a)
is
not
fulfilled.

Estuarine/
Marine
Invertebrates
Technical
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
very
highly
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
shrimp
species
and
moderately
toxic
to
oysters
on
an
acute
basis.
The
mysid
LC50
falls
in
the
5.7
­
9.6
ppb
range
and
the
oyster
LC50
is
2.7
ppm.
Typical
end­
use
carbaryl
products
are
considered
very
highly
toxic
to
mysids
and
slightly
toxic
to
oysters.
Carbaryl
applied
to
oyster
beds
in
Washington
State
tidelands
at
7.5
­
8
lb
ai/
acre
to
control
ghost
and
mud
shrimp
has
been
shown
to
be
lethal
to
many
nontarget
invertebrate
species.
The
acute
risk
assessment
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
is
based
on
a
mysid
LC50
of
5.7
ppb.
There
is
insufficient
data
to
assess
the
chronic
risk
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates.
Additional
chronic
toxicity
studies
are
required.
Guideline
72­
4(
b)
is
not
fulfilled.
­40­
Aquatic
Plants
Data
based
on
a
single
available
core
toxicity
study
with
the
green
alga
Pseudokirchneria
subcapitata
(formerly
Selenastrum
capricornutum)
indicates
that
the
LC50
and
NOAEC
are,
respectively,
1.1
ppm
and
0.37
ppm
.
Toxicity
testing
for
the
following
four
aquatic
plants
is
required
to
support
carbaryl's
registered
forestry
uses;
duckweed
(Lemna
gibba),
marine
diatom
(Skeletonema
costatum),
freshwater
blue­
green
algae
(Anabaena
flos­
aquae),
and
a
freshwater
diatom.
Guideline
122­
2
is
not
fulfilled.

1­
Naphthol
1­
naphthol,
the
major
metabolite
of
carbaryl
degradation
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
processes
is
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
on
an
acute
basis.
LC50
values
range
from
0.75
to
1.6
ppm
for
freshwater
fish,
from
1.2
to
1.8
ppm
for
estuarine/
marine
fish,
from
0.70
to
0.73
ppm
for
freshwater
invertebrates,
and
from
0.21
to
2.5
ppm
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates.

Risk
Assessment
for
Aquatic
Organisms
A
detailed
analyses
of
risk
quotients
(RQs)
in
relation
to
their
corresponding
levels
of
concern
(LOCs)
is
presented
in
Appendix
B.
A
summary
of
the
acute
and
chronic
LOC
exceedances
for
aquatic
organisms,
based
on
maximum
label
rates,
is
presented
in
Tables
7
and
8.

Freshwater
Fish
Carbaryl
is
highly
to
slightly
toxic
to
freshwater
fish
(LC50
=
0.25
­
20
ppm)
on
an
acute
basis.
The
acute
risk
LOC
(0.5)
for
freshwater
fish
is
exceeded
for
one
of
five
use
scenarios
modeled
(citrus),
at
maximum
label
(RQ:
1.10),
"average"
(RQ:
0.58),
and
maximum
reported
(RQ:
0.93)
use
rates,
and
not
exceeded
for
the
other
four
scenarios
(sweet
corn,
field
corn,
apples,
sugar
beets).
The
chronic
risk
LOC
is
not
exceeded
for
any
of
the
five
use
scenarios
modeled
(Table
7).
These
data
suggest
that
carbaryl
uses
may
present
a
risk
to
freshwater
fish
only
under
situations
that
combine
high
application
rates
and
runoff
into
water
bodies,
such
as
ponds
or
lagoons,
where
the
chemical
may
reach
toxic
levels.

Sublethal
effects
have
been
documented
in
the
literature
showing
that
in
fish
the
inhibition
of
acetycholinesterase
(AChE)
can
effect
thyroid
and
gonadal
dysfunction
in
the
freshwater
murrell,
Channa
punctatus,
resulting
in
ACh
accumulation.
At
the
0.21
ppm
concentration
level
carbaryl
was
found
to
reduce
pituitary
and
serum
gonadotropin
levels
accompanied
by
inhibition
of
hypothalamic
gonadotropin
releasing
hormone
(GnRH)
(Bhattacharya,
1993).
These
test
concentration
are
at
the
upper
end
of
the
water
EECs
modeled
for
carbaryl
(citrus
scenario).
­41­
Freshwater
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Acute
and
chronic
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
freshwater
invertebrates
for
all
five
carbaryl
use
aquatic
scenarios
modeled
using
maximum
label
use
rates
(acute
RQs
=
5.06
­
161.18,
chronic
RQs
=
3.27
­
91.33),
maximum
reported
rates
(acute
RQs
=
3.30
­
136.47,
chronic
RQs
=
2.00
74.67
and
"average"
rates
(acute
RQs
=
2.65
­
85.29,
chronic
RQs
=
1.67
­
44.67),
indicating
that
most
carbaryl
uses
are
likely
to
pose
acute
and
chronic
risks
to
freshwater
invertebrates,
especially
to
arthropods.
Although
carbamates
and
OP's
breakdown
rapidly
in
the
environment,
studies
pertaining
to
agricultural
regions
where
these
insecticides
are
applied
for
extended
periods
of
the
year
have
shown
that
nontarget
aquatic
invertebrates
may
be
exposed
to
high
levels
of
ChE
inhibiting
compounds
for
a
period
of
up
to
several
months
(Gruber
and
Munn,
1998).
In
general,
due
to
its
rapid
metabolism
and
rapid
degradation,
carbaryl
should
not
pose
a
significant
bioaccumulation.

Table
7.
Summary
of
acute
and
chronic
risk
LOC
exceedances,
based
on
maximum
label
application
rates,
for
freshwater
organisms
1
Organism
Use
site
Scenarios
Risk
Quotients
Equal
or
Exceed
Level
of
Concern
for:

Acute
Risk
(RQs)
Acute
Restricted
Use
Acute
Endangered
Species
Chronic
Risk
Fish
Sweet
Corn
NO
YES
YES
NO
Field
Corn
NO
YES
YES
NO
Apples
NO
NO
NO
NO
Sugar
Beets
NO
NO
YES
NO
Citrus
YES
(1.1)
YES
YES
NO
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Sweet
Corn
YES
(27.1)
YES
YES
YES
(17.3)

Field
Corn
YES
(16.5)
YES
YES
YES
(10.7)

Apples
YES
(5.
1)
YES
YES
YES
(3.
3)

Sugar
Beets
YES
(11.2)
YES
YES
YES
(7.3)

Citrus
YES
(161.2)
YES
YES
YES
(91.3)
1
Levels
of
concern
(LOCs)
for
aquatic
organisms
Acute
Risk
0.5
Acute
Restricted
Use
0.
1
Acute
Endangered
species
0.05
Chronic
Risk
1
Estuarine/
Marine
Fish
Carbaryl
is
moderately
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
(LC50
=
2.6
ppm);
however,
no
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
any
of
the
five
use
scenarios
modeled,
at
any
use
rate
(Table
8).
Thus,
most
carbaryl
uses
are
unlikely
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
marine/
estuarine
fish.
Although
a
NOAEC
based
on
core
data
has
not
been
established,
evidence
from
the
open
literature
indicates
that
exposure
to
5
Also
referred
in
the
literature
as
Callianassa
californiensis.

­42­
low
carbaryl
levels
may
produce
adverse
physiological
and
behavioral
effects
in
estuarine/
marine
fish.
Laboratory
exposure
of
Menidia
menidia
to
a
single
dose
of
carbaryl
(100
ppb)
resulted
in
the
disruption
of
schooling
behavior,
as
carbaryl­
exposed
groups
consistently
occupied
twice
the
space
of
control
groups,
which
was
attributed
to
the
accumulation
of
the
carbaryl
degradate
1­
naphthol
(Weis
and
Weis,
1974).
Exposing
the
killifish
(Fundulus
heteroclitus)
to
carbaryl
at
10
ppb
in
the
laboratory
caused
retardation
of
fin
regeneration
during
the
first
week
of
the
study
(Weis
and
Weis
1975).
According
to
Pozorycki
(1999),
field
studies
with
caged
juvenile
English
sole
(Pleuronectes
vetulus)
indicated
that
brain
acetylcholinesterase
(AChE)
activity
decreases
following
carbaryl
application,
affecting
the
ability
to
bury
in
sediments.
Mean
brain
AChE
inhibition
was
26%
in
fish
placed
on
treated
mudflats
and
24%
in
fish
placed
subtidally,
but
maximum
individual
values
approached
50%.
AChE
inhibition
at
50­
60%
was
noted
as
a
threshold
value
below
which
burying
decreased
sharply.
Maximum
carbaryl
water
concentration
measured
by
HPLC
was
1.2
µg/
ml
at
the
cage
sites.
Sediment
concentrations
on
treated
mudflats
were
as
high
as
23
µg/
g
24
hrs
after
application.
Chronic
toxicity
studies
with
an
estuarine/
marine
fish
species
is
required.

There
is
one
carbaryl
use
in
particular
that
represents
a
potential
acute
and
chronic
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
fish.
Since
1963,
carbaryl
has
been
used
to
treat
two
tideland
areas
of
Washington
State
for
the
control
of
two
species
of
burrowing
shrimp
in
commercial
oyster
beds.
The
acute
risk
to
fish
inhabiting
treated
mudflats
or
trapped
in
shallow
pools
is
extremely
high,
often
resulting
in
fish
kills.
Exposure
to
sublethal
carbaryl
levels
has
also
been
shown
to
inhibit
acetylcholinesterase
in
fish
in
subtidal
areas
adjacent
to
the
treated
sites
resulting
in
a
significant,
although
reversible,
impairment
of
burying
behavior,
thus
increasing
their
exposure
to
predators.
Carbaryl
is
applied
aerially,
at
the
rate
of
7.5
­
8
lb
ai/
acre
(maximum
label
rate)
over
oyster
seed
beds
and
bare
mudflats
on
a
combined
total
of
800
acres
of
tidelands
in
Willapa
Bay
and
Grays
Harbor,
Washington,
to
control
burrowing
shrimp
populations
(Neotrypaea
5
californiensis
and
Upogebia
pugettensis).
Applications
are
made
when
shrimp
population
densities
meet
the
established
action
threshold
of
10
burrow
holes
per
square
meter.
On
average,
oyster
beds
are
treated
once
every
six
years
(Feldman
et
al.
2000).
Unchecked,
these
shrimp
can
adversely
affect
oyster
production
by
making
the
substrate
unsuitable
for
oyster
culture
and
by
competing
with
these
bivalves
for
food
resources
(Hulburt
et
al.
1989).
­43­
Table
8.
Summary
of
acute
risk
LOC
exceedances,
based
on
maximum
label
application
rates,
for
marine/
estuarine
organisms
1
Organism
Use
site
Scenarios
Risk
Quotients
Equal
or
Exceed
Level
of
Concern
for:

Acute
Risk
(RQs)
Acute
Restricted
Use
Acute
Endangered
Species
Chronic
Risk
Fish
Sweet
Corn
NO
NO
NO
No
Data
Field
Corn
NO
NO
NO
No
Data
Apples
NO
NO
NO
No
Data
Sugar
Beets
NO
NO
NO
No
Data
Citrus
NO
YES
YES
No
Data
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Sweet
Corn
YES
(27.1)
YES
YES
No
Data
Field
Corn
YES
(16.5)
YES
YES
No
Data
Apples
YES
(5.1)
YES
YES
No
Data
Sugar
Beets
YES
(11.2)
YES
YES
No
Data
Citrus
YES
(161.2)
YES
YES
No
Data
1
Levels
of
concern
(LOCs)
for
aquatic
organisms
Acute
Risk
0.5
Acute
Restricted
Use
0.
1
Acute
Endangered
species
0.05
Chronic
Risk
1
In
addition
to
providing
a
substantial
portion
of
U.
S.
oyster
production,
these
estuaries
are
also
important
nurseries
for
several
valuable
fisheries.
Estimates
of
potential
fish
kills
in
the
treated
area
range
from
15,000
to
96,000.
Species
killed
following
carbaryl
applications
include
staghorn
sculpin
(Leptocottus
armatus),
saddleback
gunnels
(Pholis
ornata),
English
and
sand
sole
(Parophrys
vetulus
and
Psettichthys
melanostictus),
shiner
perch
(Cymatogaster
aggregata),
starry
flounder
(Platichthys
stellatus),
bay
gobies
(Lepidogobius
lepidus),
and
three­
spine
sticklebacks
(Gasterosteus
aculeatus)
(Feldman
2001).
Furthermore,
fish
inhabiting
subtidal
channels
or
migrating
over
treated
mudflats
with
the
flood
tide
may
exhibit
a
marked
reduction
in
brain
acetylcholinesterase
(AChE)
activity.
Field
studies
with
caged
juvenile
English
sole
(Pleuronectes
vetulus)
indicated
that
mean
brain
AChE
inhibition
was
26%
in
fish
placed
on
treated
mudflats
and
24%
in
fish
placed
subtidally,
maximum
individual
values
approaching
50%.
The
maximum
carbaryl
water
concentration
was
1.2
ppm
at
the
cage
sites,
while
sediment
concentrations
on
treated
mudflats
were
as
high
as
23
ppm
24
hours
following
application.
In
treated
mudflats,
invertebrates
that
are
a
source
of
food
for
these
fish
had
carbaryl
concentrations
as
high
as
76
ppm.
It
was
estimated
that
AChE
inhibition
of
up
to
50%
was
possible
due
to
the
additive
exposure
to
carbaryl
in
water
and
prey
items,
resulting
in
temporary
impairment
of
burying
behavior
and
increased
exposure
to
predators
(Hulburt
et
al.
1989).
Recovery
of
burying
behavior
occurred
after
removal
of
the
exposure.

Several
potential
nonchemical
pest
management
methods
have
been
identified,
including
alternative
culture
techniques,
mechanical
control,
enhancement
of
shrimp
predators,
electrofishing,
­44­
and
modification
of
carbaryl
application.
Results
have
shown
significant
short
term
impacts
to
arthropods
on
a
species
specific
basis
(Brooks,
1993).
Additional
mitigation
measures
may
include
alternative
carbaryl
application
techniques
that
reduce
dispersion
to
nontarget
areas,
such
as
direct
injection
of
carbaryl
into
the
sediment.
Subsurface
injection
has
shown
to
be
effective
in
controlling
burrowing
shrimp
and
uses
66%
less
chemical
than
aerial
application
(Durfey
and
Simpson,
1995).
Applying
a
layer
of
oyster
shells
(shell
pavement)
is
a
promising
technique
that
can
reduce
ghost
shrimp
densities
under
certain
conditions,
but
this
approach
can
be
disruptive
to
the
oyster
culture
and
remains
untested
on
a
commercial
scale.
To
date,
the
complexity
of
the
oyster
culture
and
the
ecology
of
the
burrowing
shrimp
has
disrupted
attempts
to
develop
and
adopt
practical
and
costeffective
alternative
control
methods
(Feldman
et
al.,
2000).

Estuarine/
Marine
Invertebrates
The
acute
LOC
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
is
exceeded
for
all
five
carbaryl
use
scenarios
assessed
at
maximum
label
application
rates
(acute
RQs
=
1.51
­
48.07),
at
maximum
reported
use
rates
(acute
RQs
=
1.05
­
40.70),
and
at
"average"
rates
(acute
RQs
=
0.79
­
25.44)
indicating
that
some
carbaryl
uses
may
pose
an
acute
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
inhabiting
intertidal
zones
and
estuaries
located
downstream
from
treated
areas.
It
is
not
possible
to
evaluate
chronic
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
at
this
time
due
to
the
unavailability
of
data.

As
for
fish,
carbaryl
applications
to
control
burrowing
shrimp
in
Washington
State
tidelands
is
known
to
represent
a
significant
acute
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
inhabiting
treated
tideland
areas.
There
may
be
up
to
100%
mortality
of
Dungenese
crab
(Cancer
magister)
populations
following
carbaryl
applications
(Hulburt
et
al.
1989).
In
addition,
the
populations
of
some
salmonid
arthropod
prey
species
are
significantly
reduced
following
application,
while
other
species
are
more
tolerant.
Most
populations
recover
within
51
days,
but
some
do
not
recover
(Brooks
1993).
Once
established,
oyster
beds
do
provide
an
enhanced
environment
for
many
plants
and
invertebrates
that
grow
on
the
oyster
shells
or
in
between
them,
and
which
are
normally
rare
or
absent
in
barren
mudflats.

Reproduction
Effects
on
Fish
There
is
information
indicating
that
carbaryl
has
the
potential
to
adversely
affect
reproduction
in
fish.
Carlson
(1972)
reports
that
when
the
fathead
minnow
(Primephales
promelas)
was
exposed
to
5
concentrations
of
carbaryl
in
the
0.008­
0.68
mg/
l
range
for
9
months
and
throughout
a
life
cycle,
the
0.68
mg/
l
(680
ppb)
concentration
prevented
reproduction
and
decreased
survival.
At
this
high
concentration,
the
mean
number
of
eggs
per
female
and
the
mean
number
of
eggs
per
spawning
were
significantly
less
than
for
the
control
group,
and
no
hatching
occurred.
In
addition,
the
ovaries
contained
flaccid
eggs
and
appeared
to
be
in
a
resorptive
state.
However,
this
test
concentration
is
higher
than
the
highest
peak
EECs
derived
from
PRZM/
EXAMS,
and
it
is
therefore
unlikely
that
fish
will
be
exposed
to
such
high
carbaryl
levels
for
extended
periods
under
field
conditions.
­45­
Ghosh
et
al.
(1990)
report
that
serum
and
pituitary
levels
of
gonadotropic
hormone
(GtH)
and
gonadotropin­
releasing
hormone
(GnRH)
in
C.
punctatus
were
significantly
reduced
by
exposure
to
nonlethal
levels
(1.66
­
3.73
ppm)
of
carbaryl
in
laboratory
and
paddy
field
tests,
indicating
that
at
these
doses
carbaryl
may
cause
reproductive
effects
to
fish.
It
must
be
pointed
out,
however,
that
the
test
doses
selected
for
this
study
are
one
order
of
magnitude
higher
than
the
highest
peak
concentrations
derived
from
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling.
The
decrease
in
GnRH
levels
could
indicate
constant
exposure
to
elevated
levels
of
estrogen
acting
through
a
negative
feedback
pathway
to
inhibit
GnRH
release,
and
the
subsequent
release
of
gonadotropins
(Klotz
et
al.
1997).
In
a
related
study,
freshwater
perch
(Anabas
testudineus)
were
exposed
to
nonlethal
carbaryl
levels
(1.66
ppm)
for
90
days,
covering
the
pre­
spawning
and
spawning
phases
of
the
annual
reproductive
cycle.
Plasma
and
ovarian
estrogen
levels
in
treated
fish
increased
significantly
until
day
15,
after
which
they
declined
significantly
relative
to
the
control,
until
the
end
of
the
experiment,
indicating
that
at
short­
term
exposures
nonlethal
levels
of
carbaryl
have
no
inhibitory
effect,
while
long­
term
exposure
has
an
inhibitory
effect
on
fish
reproduction
(Choudhury
et
al.
1993).
However,
this
study
was
also
performed
at
carbaryl
concentrations
well
above
the
highest
concentration
modeled
for
carbaryl
(Table
5)
and,
therefore,
does
not
provide
an
indication
as
to
potential
effects
under
field
conditions.

Endangered
Aquatic
Species
The
endangered
species
level
of
concern
for
freshwater
fish
is
exceeded
for
three
(sweet
corn,
field
corn,
and
citrus)
of
five
use
scenarios
modeled
and
for
the
citrus
scenario
at
less
than
maximum
label
rates.
For
marine/
estuarine
fish,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
met
for
the
citrus
scenario
only
at
maximum
label
rates.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
freshwater
and
marine/
estuarine
aquatic
invertebrates
for
all
five
use
scenarios
at
maximum
label,
maximum
reported,
and
"average"
application
rates.

7.0
Hazard
and
Risk
Assessment
for
Terrestrial
Organisms
Hazard
Assessment
for
Terrestrial
Organisms
Avian
Carbaryl
is
slightly
toxic
to
practically
nontoxic
to
avian
species
on
an
acute
basis.
LD50
values
are
greater
than
2,000
mg/
kg
in
pheasants,
greater
than
2,564
mg/
kg
in
mallards,
and
fall
in
the
1,000
­
1,790
mg/
kg
range
for
a
passerine
species
(rock
doves).
LD50
values
as
low
as
16.2
mg/
kg
and
56.2
mg/
kg,
based
on
simple
screening
tests,
have
been
reported
for
the
starling
and
the
red­
winged
blackbird,
respectively
(Schafer
et
al.,
1983).
At
a
subacute
level,
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
practically
nontoxic
to
birds,
with
LC50
values
greater
than
5,000
ppm.
However,
chronic
reproduction
effects
(egg
production)
from
carbaryl
exposure
have
been
noted
in
the
mallard
duck
at
the
1000
and
3000
ppm
levels
(LOAEC
=
1000
ppm,
NOAEC
=
300
ppm).
Other
reproduction
effects,
at
the
3000
ppm
level,
include
cracked
eggs,
fertility,
embryonic
mortality,
and
hatching
success.
­46­
According
to
DeRosa
et
al.
(1976),
significant
amounts
of
carbaryl
were
detected
in
the
egg
yolks
of
adult
Coturnix
quail
(Coturnix
coturnix
japonica)
following
pesticide
ingestion,
with
treatment
levels
of
20,
40,
and
400
ppm
resulting
in
pesticide
residues
of
1.58,
2.03,
and
3.15
ppm,
respectively
in
the
egg
yolk.
In
addition,
egg
production
was
significantly
reduced,
although
egg
viability
was
not
affected,
and
agonistic
behavior
decreased
in
males,
while
increasing
in
the
females.

The
rock
dove
acute
oral
LD50
of
1000
mg/
kg
is
used
to
assess
risk
for
granular
uses,
whereas
the
quail
subacute
dietary
LD50
of
>5000
ppm
and
the
mallard
duck
reproduction
NOAEC
of
300
ppm
are
used
to
assess,
respectively,
acute
and
chronic
risk
for
nongranular
uses.

Mammalian
With
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg,
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
moderately
toxic
to
small
mammals
on
an
acute
oral
basis.
However,
NOAEC
and
LOAEC
values
of
80
and
600
ppm,
respectively,
based
on
decreased
fetal
body
weights
and
increased
incomplete
ossification
of
multiple
bones
in
the
laboratory
rat
suggest
that
carbaryl
has
the
potential
for
chronic
effects
on
small
mammals.
The
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
and
a
rat
NOAEC
of
80
ppm
are
the
toxicity
endpoints
used
in
the
risk
assessment
for
carbaryl.

Insects
Technical
carbaryl
is
highly
toxic
to
bees
on
an
acute
contact
basis
(LD50
=
1.3
µg/
bee).
The
topical
LD50
for
alfalfa
leaf­
cutter
bee
(Megachile
pacifica
=
M.
rotundata)
is
262.4
µg/
g
(MRID
05015678:
Lee
&
Brindley,
1974).
Nongranular
carbaryl
formulations
can
be
highly
toxic
to
bees
exposed
to
direct
application,
i.
e.
when
bees
are
actively
visiting
blooming
crops
or
weeds.
Residual
toxicity
varies
with
the
crops
and
weather
conditions.
Exposing
leafcutting
bees
(Megachilidae),
alkali
bees
(Halictidae),
and
honey
bees
(Apidae)
to
24
hr
residues
from
80%
WP
carbaryl
applied
at
the
rate
of
1
lb/
acre
resulted,
respectively,
in
a
85%,
78%,
and
69%
mortality
rate
(Johansen
1972).

Carbaryl
is
also
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
predaceous
arthropods,
including
lace
bugs
(Nabidae)
(MRID
05010807),
big
eyed
bugs
(Geocoridae:
Geocoris)
(MRID
05010807),
lady
beetles
(Coccinellidae:
Coccinella,
Cryptolaemus,
Hippodamia,
Lindorus,
Rhodolia,
Stethorus)
(MRIDs
05013372,
05003978,
05005640),
ground
beetles
(Carabidae:
Scarites,
Pterostichus,
Bembidion,
Harpalus)
(MRID
05008149),
hymenopterous
parasitoids
(Aphytis,
Metaphycus,
Spalangia,
Leptomastix)
(MRID
05003978,
05005640),
predaceous
mites
(Amblyseius,
Typhlodromus)
(MRIDs
05004148,
05013359,
05009346),
and
spiders
(MRID
05010807).
In
laboratory
tests,
field­
weathered
carbaryl
residues
have
been
shown
to
kill
the
parasitic
wasp
Aphytis
holoxanthus,
a
natural
enemy
of
the
Florida
red
scale,
for
a
period
of
up
to
22
days
post­
treatment
under
spring
conditions
in
Florida
(Rehman
et
al.,
1999).

Terrestrial
Plants
­47­
Although
carbaryl
is
primarily
an
insecticide,
it
can
also
be
used
as
a
fruit
thinning
agent
on
apples
and
pears.
However,
the
product's
label
cautions
that
if
applied
to
wet
foliage
or
during
periods
of
high
humidity,
it
may
cause
injury
to
tender
foliage.
The
label
also
cautions
against
using
carbaryl
on
Boston
ivy,
Virginia
creeper,
or
maidenhair
fern
due
to
potential
injury.
Several
incidents
involving
injury
to
vegetable
crops
(potatoes,
tomatoes,
cabbage,
and
broccoli)
in
New
York
and
Pennsylvania
have
been
reported.
Tier
I
and,
if
appropriate,
Tier
II
Seed
Germination
and
Seedling
Emergence,
as
well
as
Vegetative
Vigor
studies
are
required.

Risk
Assessment
for
Terrestrial
Organisms
To
assess
acute
risk
to
birds
from
exposure
to
nongranular
carbaryl,
estimated
environmental
concentrations
(EECs)
in
food
items
following
product
application
were
compared
to
LC50
values.
EECs
were
calculated
using
three
separate
sets
of
usage
data:
maximum
label
use
rates,
maximum
reported
(based
on
Doane
usage
data
available
for
42
uses)
use
rates,
and
"average"
use
rates
(used
mainly
for
comparison
purposes).
To
assess
chronic
risk
to
birds,
EECs
were
compared
to
NOAEC
values.
To
assess
acute
risk
to
birds
from
exposure
to
granular
carbaryl,
the
number
of
LD50
values
per
square
foot
was
used
as
the
risk
quotient
for
birds
in
three
separate
weight
classes
(20,
180,
and
1000
g).
Acute
risk
to
mammals
(herbivores/
insectivores
and
granivores)
from
exposure
to
nongranular
carbaryl
was
assessed
for
three
separate
body
weight
and
food
consumption
classes
(15g,
35g,
and
1000
g
mammals
and
daily
food
consumption
rates
equal
to
95%,
66%,
and
15%
of
their
body
weight,
respectively)
by
comparing
EECs
in
food
items
following
product
application
to
LD50
values.
Chronic
risk
to
mammals
was
assessed
for
the
same
three
weight
classes
by
comparing
EECs
to
NOAEC
values.
To
assess
exposure
to
granular
carbaryl,
the
number
of
LD50
values
per
square
foot
was
used
to
calculate
RQs
for
mammals
in
the
three
weight
classes.

Avian
Risk
Nongranular
Formulations
Carbaryl
is
slightly
to
practically
nontoxic
to
avian
species
on
an
acute,
and
practically
nontoxic
on
a
subacute
basis.
However,
it
has
been
shown
to
have
chronic
reproduction
effects
(number
of
eggs
produced)
to
the
mallard
at
1000
ppm
and
higher
exposure
levels
(NOAEC
=
300
ppm).
A
detailed
analyses
of
avian
risk
quotients
(RQs)
in
relation
to
their
corresponding
levels
of
concern
(LOCs)
is
presented
in
Appendix
B.

The
avian
acute
risk
level
of
concern
(LOC)
is
not
exceeded
for
any
nongranular
carbaryl
use
at
maximum
nor
less
than
maximum
label
application
rates.
The
avian
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
almost
all
(73
of
74)
nongranular
uses
considered
at
maximum
label
rates,
for
34
of
42
uses
at
maximum
reported
rates,
and
for
39
of
70
uses
at
"average"
rates.
(Appendix
B,
Tables
4,
5a,
and
5b).
Thus,
although
no
nongranular
uses
are
likely
to
present
an
acute
risk
to
birds,
most
uses
are
expected
to
pose
a
significant
chronic
risk
(i.
e.
reproduction
effects)
to
birds.
­48­
Granular
Formulations
The
avian
acute,
restricted
use,
and
endangered
species
LOCs
are
exceeded
(RQs:
0.52
4.76
for
birds
in
the
20
g
weight
class,
for
all
(about
40)
granular
carbaryl
uses.
The
acute
risk
LOC
is
also
exceeded
(RQ:
0.53)
for
birds
in
the
180
g
weight
class
for
the
trees/
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
uses.
No
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
1000
g
weight
class
for
any
of
the
granular
carbaryl
uses
(Appendix
B,
Table
6).
The
avian
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
20
g
and
180
g
birds
for
most
uses.

Mammalian
Risk
Risk
to
Herbivores/
Insectivores:
Nongranular
Formulations
Risk
Quotients
for
Herbivores/
Insectivores
Based
on
Less
than
Maximum
Label
Use
Rates
In
addition
to
maximum
label
use
rates,
mammalian
acute
and
chronic
RQs
were
also
calculated
for
nongranular
carbaryl
using
QUA
average
use
rates
data
available
for
70
uses
(Appendix
B,
Table
10a)
and
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
use
rates
data
available
for
42
uses
(Appendix
B,
Table
10b).

As
summarized
in
Table
10a,
when
RQs
are
based
on
QUA
average
rates,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
63
of
the
70
uses
(RQs
=
0.53
­
4.02),
whereas
the
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
69
uses
(not
exceeded
only
for
cabbage),
and
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
70
uses.
The
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
69
of
the
70
uses
(RQs:
1.5
­
15.9).

When
RQs
are
calculated
using
maximum
reported
application
rates,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
41
of
the
42
uses
(RQs:
0.60
­
11.36),
while
the
restricted
use,
endangered
species,
and
chronic
(RQs:
1.5
­
45)
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
all
42
uses
(Table
10b).

Risk
Quotients
for
Herbivores/
Insectivores
Based
on
Maximum
Label
Use
Rates
Carbaryl
is
moderately
toxic
to
small
mammals
on
an
acute
oral
basis
(rat
LD50
=
301
mg/
kg),
and
has
the
potential
for
mammalian
chronic
effects
(LOAEC
=
600
ppm
,
NOAEC
=
80
ppm,
based
on
decreased
fetal
body
weights
and
increased
incomplete
ossification
of
multiple
bones
in
the
laboratory
rat).
A
detailed
analysis
of
mammalian
RQs
in
relation
to
their
corresponding
levels
of
concern
(LOCs)
is
presented
in
Appendix
B.

Food
items:
short
grass
­
The
mammalian
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
registered
nongranular
carbaryl
uses,
at
maximum
label
application
rates,
for
small
(15
and
35
g)
short
grass
feeders
with
a
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
95%
and
66%
of
their
body
weight,
with
RQ
values
ranging
from
0.76
to
12.12
and
from
0.53
to
8.42,
respectively
(Appendix
B,
Table
7).
Similarly,
the
acute
risk
LOC
for
1000
g
herbivores
with
a
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
15%
of
their
body
­49­
weight
is
exceeded
for
all
uses
(RQs:
0.56
­
1.91),
except
rice,
sunflower,
sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland,
alfalfa,
clover,
rangeland,
and
forested
areas.

Food
items:
broadleaf/
forage
plants
and
small
insects
­
At
maximum
label
application
rates,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
nongranular
carbaryl
uses,
except
rangeland,
for
15
g
(RQs:
0.80
­
6.82)
and
35
g
(0.55
­
4.74)
small
mammals
feeding
on
broadleaf/
forage
plants
and
small
insects.
For
1000
g
mammals
consuming
15
%
of
their
body
weight,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
reached
or
exceeded
for
only
the
citrus,
olives,
pome
fruits,
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
asparagus,
small
fruits
and
berries,
and
turfgrass
uses
(RQs:
0.52
­
1.08),
although
the
restricted
use
and/
or
the
endangered
species
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
most
other
uses.

Food
items:
fruits,
pods,
seeds,
and
large
insects
­
For
small
mammals
consuming
95%
of
their
body
weight
in
fruits,
pods,
seeds,
and
large
insects,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
the
citrus,
olives,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
turfgrass
uses
(RQs:
0.62
­
0.76).
Most
other
registered
uses
(pome
and
stone
fruits,
field
corn,
asparagus,
cucurbits,
trees
and
ornamentals,
solanaceous
crops,
sweet
potatoes,
peanuts,
tobacco,
leafy
vegetables,
Brassica
crops,
roots
and
tubers,
sorghum,
small
fruits
and
berries),
however,
exceed
the
acute
restricted
use
LOC,
while
rice,
sunflower,
sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland,
alfalfa,
and
clover
exceed
the
acute
endangered
species
LOC.

For
mammals
consuming
66%
of
their
body
weight
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
only
for
use
on
citrus
in
California
(RQ:
0.53);
the
acute
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
the
following
uses:
citrus,
olives,
pome
and
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
asparagus,
solanaceous
crops,
sweet
potatoes,
peanuts,
tobacco,
small
fruits,
berries,
and
turfgrass
(RQs:
0.22
­
0.49
);
and
the
acute
endangered
species
LOC
is
reached
or
exceeded
for
field
corn,
cucurbits,
trees
and
ornamentals,
leafy
vegetables,
Brassica
crops,
roots
and
tubers,
sorghum,
legumes,
alfalfa,
and
clover
(RQs:
0.11
­
0.18).

For
mammals
that
consume
15%
of
their
body
weight,
neither
acute
risk
nor
acute
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
any
registered
uses,
although
the
acute
endangered
species
LOC
is
reached
or
exceeded
for
a
few
uses
(citrus,
olives,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
and
turfgrass),
with
RQs
in
the
0.1
0.12
range.

Risk
to
Granivores:
Nongranular
Uses
Neither
the
acute
risk
nor
the
acute
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
granivores
for
any
of
the
nongranular
carbaryl
uses.
However,
the
acute
endangered
species
LOC
is
reached
or
exceeded
for
the
citrus,
olives,
pome
and
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
and
turfgrass
use
sites
(RQs:
0.10
0.16
as
well
as
for
the
citrus,
olives,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
and
turfgrass
use
sites
(RQs:
0.10
0.12
for
granivores
with
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
21%
and
15%
of
their
body
weight,
respectively.
No
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
granivores
which
consume
daily
3%
of
their
body
weight.

Chronic
Risk:
Nongranular
Uses
­50­
At
maximum
label
application
rates,
the
mammalian
chronic
LOC
(1)
is
exceeded
for
all
registered
uses
of
nongranular
carbaryl
for
all
food
item
groups,
with
chronic
RQ
values
in
the
3.0
48.0
range
(for
short
grasses),
1.4
­
22.0
range
(for
tall
grasses),
and
1.7
­
27.0
range
(for
broadleaf/
forage
plants,
small
insects).
The
mammalian
chronic
LOC
is
exceeded
for
the
fruits/
pods/
seeds/
large
insects
food
items
for
the
following
uses:
citrus,
olives,
pome
and
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
field
and
sweet
corn,
asparagus,
solanaceous
vegetable
crops,
sweet
potatoes,
peanuts,
tobacco,
small
fruits
and
berries,
and
turfgrass
(chronic
RQs
=
1.0
­
3.0).
These
data
are
summarized
in
Appendix
B,
Table
9.

Risk:
Granular
Uses
At
maximum
application
rates,
RQs
exceed
the
acute
risk
LOC
for
15
g
mammals
(RQs:
2.26
­
20.71)
and
35
g
mammals
(RQs:
0.97
­
8.87)
for
all
40
registered
granular
uses.
For
the
1000
g
mammal
category,
the
acute
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
the
trees/
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
uses.

Reproduction
Effects
Field
and
laboratory
studies
conducted
in
the
1970s,
some
of
them
in
former
Soviet
Union
countries,
suggest
that
exposure
to
carbaryl
may
affect
reproduction
in
mammals.
For
instance,
in
a
field
study
undertaken
by
Smirnov
et
al.
(1971),
the
vegetation
around
colonies
of
ground
squirrels
(Rhombomys
opimus
Licht.)
was
treated
with
carbaryl
at
0.5
g/
m
2
(4.45
lb/
acre)
within
a
radius
of
15
m.
Carbaryl
residues
in
plants
around
dens
and
in
food
stored
in
dens
were,
respectively,
above
0.03
mg/
kg
and
0.02
mg/
kg
four
months
after
treatment.
The
percentage
of
lactating
females
was
5.
9%
in
the
treated
area
and
31.
6%
for
control
females.
In
the
treated
areas,
41.
2%
of
all
females
were
inactive
in
mid­
May,
while
28.9%
of
females
were
inactive
in
the
untreated
colonies.
Rates
of
fetal
resorption
were
41.9%
in
the
test
group
and
1.08%
in
the
control
group.
The
average
number
of
embryos
per
female
was
6
in
the
treated
group
and
7.
4
in
the
control
group.

Exposure
to
a
single
field
application
of
0.1­
5
kg/
ha
of
carbaryl
in
areas
spanning
several
climatic
zones
of
the
former
USSR
resulted
in
adverse
effects
in
lemmings,
voles,
moles,
pikas,
and
gerbils,
including
disturbances
in
spermatogenesis,
pathological
pregnancy,
increased
embryonal
resorption,
increased
percentages
of
infertile
females,
males
with
underdeveloped
testicles,
reduction
of
the
number
of
embryos
per
pregnancy
and
changes
in
population
structures
(Krylova
et
al.,
1975).
In
the
year
of
treatment,
carbaryl
residues
were
present
in
livers
(1.4­
3
mg/
kg),
testes
(3.6­
12.5
mg/
kg),
uteri
(2­
5
mg/
kg)
and
embryos
(1.9­
3.3
mg/
kg),
as
well
as
in
these
species'
natural
food
(1.5
mg/
kg).
Carbaryl
was
found
in
grass
(0.08
mg/
kg)
for
as
long
as
2
years
after
treatment.
During
the
year
of
treatment,
there
was
a
significant
reduction
of
only
the
mole
population
in
the
treated
areas,
but
during
the
following
1­
3
years
there
were
significant
reductions
in
the
populations
of
all
five
species.

Pomeroy
and
Barrett
(1975)
report
that
a
population
of
cotton
rats
(Sigmodon
hispidus)
inhabiting
a
plot
that
had
been
treated
with
a
single
application
of
carbaryl
had
a
lower
peak
population
density
than
in
a
nontreated,
control
plot.
During
winter,
reproduction
ceased,
and
the
­51­
cotton
rats
lost
weight
in
the
treated
area,
whereas
rats
in
the
nontreated
area
maintained
or
gained
weight.
Also,
a
population
of
house
mice
that
was
present
in
the
study
area
continued
to
reproduce
in
the
treated
plot,
although
at
a
reduced
rate,
further
indicating
the
potential
to
disrupt
mammal
reproduction.

Pregnant
dogs
treated
with
carbaryl
via
diet
at
0,
2.0,
5.0,
and
12.5
mg/
kg/
day
from
day
1
of
gestation
until
their
pups
were
weaned
at
6
weeks
of
age
resulted
in
a
slight
increase
in
stillbirths
and
a
slight
reduction
in
survival
until
weaning,
although
no
teratogenic
effects
were
observed
(Anonymous,
1969).
Dietary
exposure
to
carbaryl
at
levels
up
to
2000
ppm
did
not
affect
reproduction
in
house
mice
(DeNorscia
and
Lodge,
1973).
According
to
Gladenko
et
al.
(1970),
a
considerable
reduction
of
fecundity
and
litter
size
was
observed
in
rats
fed
daily
10
mg
of
carbaryl
for
138
days,
and
pesticide
residues
were
detected
in
embryos.
Narotsky
and
Kavlock
(1995)
report
that
carbaryl
fed
to
pregnant
rats
showed
a
slight
potential
for
developmental
toxicity.
Chapin
et
al.
(1997),
however,
found
no
changes
in
sex
organ
structure
or
reproductive
function
of
male
or
female
rats
treated
as
juveniles
with
carbaryl
at
0,
6,
12,
or
25
mg/
kg/
day.

Feeding
2
or
20
mg/
kg
of
carbaryl
to
pregnant
rhesus
monkeys
(Macacca
mulatta)
throughout
gestation
did
not
produce
teratologic
effect,
although
treatment
apparently
caused
a
higher
rate
of
abortion
as
compared
with
controls
(Dougherty
et
al.,
1971).
In
a
related
study,
pregnant
rhesus
monkeys
received
either
0.2,
2
or
20
mg/
kg
of
carbaryl
per
day
by
stomach
tube
from
day
20
to
day
28
of
gestation.
Females
were
observed
during
pregnancy,
and
offspring
were
followed
for
one
year
following
birth.
None
of
the
pregnant
monkeys
showed
signs
of
toxicity.
There
were
no
statistical
differences
between
controls
and
monkeys
receiving
up
to
20
milligrams
of
carbaryl
in
terms
of
birth
weights,
gestation
lengths,
or
infant
growth
rates.
There
were
no
significant
differences
observed
in
plasma
or
red
blood
cell
cholinesterase
concentrations.
Examination
of
aborted
animals,
still
births
and
live
infants
revealed
no
teratogenic
signs
(Dougherty,
1975).

Insects
Although
EFED
does
not
assess
risk
to
nontarget
insects
at
present,
data
from
acceptable
guideline
and
nonguideline
studies
are
used
to
recommend
appropriate
label
precautions.
Technical
carbaryl
is
highly
toxic
to
honey
bees
(LC50
=
1.3
­
2.0
ug/
bee)
and
carbaryl­
containing
products
should
be
applied
only
under
the
conditions
specified
by
the
pollinator
protection
label
language.
An
important
factor
in
determining
the
degree
of
carbaryl
hazard
to
honey
bees
is
the
formulation
type.
Certain
formulations,
such
as
baits
and
granulars,
present
little
or
no
hazard
to
bees
due
to
the
low
potential
for
exposure,
whereas
other
formulations,
such
as
dusts,
wettable
powders,
and
flowables
may
pose
a
hazard
from
direct
contact
as
well
as
from
extended
residual
toxicity.

The
honey
bee
is
a
beneficial
arthropod
that
plays
a
major
role
in
pollinating
wild
plants
and
crop
plants
including
fruits,
vegetables,
and
herbs.
Toxic
compounds
present
in
air,
soil
and
water
not
only
can
hit
the
foraging
bee,
but
can
also
be
concentrated
and
stored
in
the
beehive
before
being
consumed
by
emerging
broods
or
overwintering
bees.
Sublethal
doses
of
carbaryl
can
disturb
the
­52­
reproductive
behavior,
dispersal
behavior,
feeding
behavior,
and
locomotion
of
bees,
all
of
which
can
lead
to
disorders
in
population
dynamics.

Carbaryl
has
often
been
implicated
in
bee
kills,
which
is
not
surprising
considering
that
this
chemical
is
an
effective
wide­
spectrum
insecticide
with
multiple
agricultural
and
urban
uses.
For
instance,
carbaryl
was
one
of
three
insecticides
responsible
for
most
of
the
114
bee
kill
incidents
reported
for
Washington
State
during
the
1992­
1996
period
(Johansen,
1997).
The
other
two
chemicals
were
chlorpyrifos
and
micro­
encapsulated
methyl
parathion.
Similarly,
in
1997
the
American
Beekeeping
Federation
ranked
carbaryl
as
third
in
importance
among
pesticides
reported
as
responsible
for
most
bee
mortality
incidents
in
the
U.
S.
(Brandi,
1997).
Bee
kill
incidents
involving
carbaryl
in
several
states,
including
North
Carolina,
South
Dakota,
and
Washington
have
been
reported
to
the
Agency.

Carbaryl,
being
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
a
wide
range
of
predaceous
and
parasitic
arthropods,
many
of
which
are
natural
enemies
of
insects
and
mites
injurious
to
agriculture,
is
expected
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
such
organisms.

Terrestrial
Plants
Although
primarily
an
insecticide/
acaricide,
carbaryl
can
have
adverse
effects
in
some
terrestrial
plants.
Carbaryl
is
used
as
a
fruit
thinning
agent
on
apples
and
pears,
but
precautionary
label
language
cautions
that
it
may
cause
fruit
deformity
under
certain
environmental
conditions,
and
applications
to
wet
foliage
or
during
periods
of
high
humidity
may
cause
injury
to
tender
foliage.
Carbaryl
may
also
cause
injury
to
Boston
ivy,
Virginia
creeper,
maidenhair
fern,
and
Virginia
and
sand
pines.
Plant
incidents
classified
as
probable
include
damage
to
potatoes,
tomatoes,
cabbage,
broccoli
in
Pennsylvania
and
Florida
(I009305­
001,
I010017­
016).
The
registrant
should
submit
a
Tier
I
Seed
Germination
and
Seedling
Emergence,
as
well
as
Vegetative
Vigor
Studies.
If
25%
or
greater
detrimental
effects
are
found
in
one
or
more
plant
species
in
the
Tier
I
study,
Tier
II
Seed
Germination/
Seedling
Emergence
and
Vegetative
Vigor
studies
should
be
also
submitted.
Guideline
122­
1
is
not
fulfilled.

Endangered
Terrestrial
Species
The
endangered
species
LOC
for
birds
is
met
or
exceeded
for
72
of
74
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
for
18
of
70
carbaryl
uses
at
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
for
25
of
42
maximum
reported
use
rates.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
20
g
birds
for
all
granular
uses.
For
180
g
birds
it
is
exceeded
for
all
granular
uses,
except
cucumber,
melons,
pumpkin,
squash,
beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
southern
peas,
wheat,
millet,
and
sugar
beets.
For
1000
g
birds,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
reached
for
the
trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
granular
uses.

The
endangered
species
LOC
for
all
three
mammal
weight
categories
and
the
grass/
broadleaf
plants/
small
insects
food
items
is
exceeded
for
all
nongranular
uses
examined,
at
maximum
label
rates.
At
"average"
and
maximum
reported
use
rates,
the
endangered
species
LOC
­53­
for
15
g
mammals
feeding
on
short
grass
is
exceeded
for
all
nongranular
uses.
At
maximum
label
rates,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
small
(15
and
35
g)
mammals
for
all
granular
uses,
whereas
for
1000
g
mammals,
it
is
exceeded
only
for
the
trees/
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
granular
uses.

The
endangered
species
LOC
for
freshwater
fish
is
exceeded
for
three
(sweet
corn,
field
corn,
and
citrus)
of
five
use
scenarios
modeled
and
for
the
citrus
scenario
at
less
than
maximum
label
rates.
For
marine/
estuarine
fish,
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
met
for
the
citrus
scenario
only
at
maximum
label
rates.
The
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
freshwater
and
marine/
estuarine
aquatic
invertebrates
for
all
five
use
scenarios
at
maximum
and
less
than
maximum
label
use
rates.

Although
no
RQs
are
calculated
for
insects,
considering
its
toxicity
to
arthropods
and
broadspectrum
uses,
carbaryl
is
expected
to
pose
a
risk
to
endangered
species
of
insects
and
other
terrestrial
arthropods.

The
Agency
has
developed
a
program
(the
"Endangered
Species
Protection
Program")
to
identify
pesticides
whose
use
may
cause
adverse
impacts
on
endangered
and
threatened
species,
and
to
implement
mitigation
measures
that
will
eliminate
the
adverse
impacts.
At
present,
the
program
is
being
implemented
on
an
interim
basis
as
described
in
a
Federal
Register
notice
(54
FR
27984­
28008,
July
3,
1989),
and
is
providing
information
to
pesticide
users
to
help
them
protect
these
species
on
a
voluntary
basis.
As
currently
planned,
the
final
program
will
call
for
label
modifications
referring
to
required
limitations
on
pesticide
uses,
typically
as
depicted
in
countyspecific
bulletins
or
by
other
site­
specific
mechanisms
as
specified
by
state
partners.
A
final
program,
which
may
be
altered
from
the
interim
program,
will
be
described
in
a
future
Federal
Register
notice.
The
Agency
is
not
imposing
label
modifications
at
this
time
through
the
RED.
Rather,
any
requirements
for
product
use
modifications
will
occur
in
the
future
under
the
Endangered
Species
Protection
Program.

8.0
Summary
of
Ecological
Incident
Data
Based
on
information
available
in
the
USEPA
Ecological
Incident
Information
System
(EIIS),
carbaryl
does
not
rank
high
in
the
list
of
pesticides
responsible
for
bird
or
mammal
mortality.
Three
bird
kill
incidents,
involving
blackbirds,
ducks,
starlings,
and
grackles
in
Virginia,
New
Jersey,
and
South
Carolina
have
been
reported
and
classified
as
probable.
Likewise,
there
are
only
two
incidents
involving
small
mammals
(grey
and
ground
squirrels,
mole,
rabbit)
in
South
Carolina
and
Virginia.
On
the
other
hand,
numerous
bee
kill
incidents
have
been
recorded
for
carbaryl
in
several
states,
including
North
Carolina,
South
Dakota,
and
Washington.
In
addition,
several
incidents
on
vegetable
crops,
including
damage
to
potatoes,
tomatoes,
cabbage,
broccoli
classified
as
probable,
have
been
recorded
in
New
York,
Pennsylvania,
and
Florida
(I009305­
001,
I010017­
016).

The
number
of
documented
incidents
in
the
EIIS
is
believed
to
be
a
small
fraction
of
the
total
mortality
caused
by
pesticides.
Mortality
incidents
must
be
seen,
reported,
investigated
and
the
­54­
information
submitted
to
EPA
in
order
to
be
recorded
in
the
data
base
(the
states
submit
this
information
on
a
voluntary
basis).
Often
incidents
may
not
be
noted
because
the
carcasses
either
decayed
in
the
field,
were
removed
by
scavengers,
or
were
located
in
out­
of­
the­
way
or
hard­
to­
see
locations.
For
example,
poisoned
birds
may
fly
off­
site
before
dying,
some
species
of
fish
may
sink
and
the
bodies
of
young
fish
can
quickly
decompose
in
the
environment
prior
to
any
notice
of
a
problem.
An
incident
may
also
go
unreported
because
the
finder
may
not
be
aware
of
the
significance
of
the
issue
or
may
not
know
the
appropriate
authorities
for
an
investigation.
Furthermore,
limited
resources
may
hamper
investigations
and
preclude
any
confirmatory
analysis
of
tissue
and
residues.
­55­
9.0
References
(Non­
MRID)

Armbrust,
Kevin
L.,
and
Donald
Crosby,
1991.
Fate
of
Carbaryl,
1­
Naphthol,
and
Atrazine
in
Seawater.
Pacific
Science,
45:
314­
320.

Anonymous,
1969.
Sevin:
Safety
evaluation
by
feeding
to
female
beagles
from
day
one
of
gestation
through
weaning
of
the
offspring.
Woodward
Research
Corporation,
Herndon,
Virginia,
25
pp.

Barret,
G.
W.,
1988.
Effects
of
sevin
on
small­
mammal
populations
in
agricultural
and
old­
field
ecosystems.
J.
Mammal.
69(
4):
731­
739.

Barrett,
M..,
1997,
Proposal
For
a
Method
to
Determine
Screening
Concentration
Estimates
for
Drinking
Water
Derived
from
Groundwater
Studies,
EFED/
OPP.

Beyer,
D.
W.,
M.
S.
Farmer
and
P.
J.
Sikoski,
1995.
Effects
of
rangeland
aerial
application
on
Sevin­
4­
Oil
®
on
fish
and
aquatic
invertebrate
drift
in
the
Little
Missouri
River,
North
Dakota.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol.,
28:
27­
34.

Bhattacharya,
S.
1993.
Target
and
non­
target
effects
of
anticholinesterase
pesticides
in
fish.
Proceedings
of
the
Second
European
Conference
on
Ecotoxicology.
May
1992.
Sloof,
W;
de
Kruijf,
H
(eds).
pp.
859­
866.

Bracha,
P.
and
R.
O'Brian,
1966.
J.
Econ.
Entomol.
59:
1255.

Brandi,
G.,
1997.
Pesticide
­
bee
kill
survey.
The
American
Beekeeping
Federation,
Inc.

Bridges,
C.
M.,
1997.
Tadpole
swimming
performance
and
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Stephanie,
Amer
Al­
Mudallal,
Ron
Bloom,
Laurence
Libelo,
Thuy
Nugyen,
Rudy
Pisigan
and
Kevin
Poff,
1999.
Proposed
Interim
Guidance
for
the
Selection
of
ChemicalSpecific
Input
Values
for
EFED
Models.
EPA/
OPP/
EFED
memo
dated
July
15,
1999.
­61­
Waite,
D.
T.,
R.
Grover,
N.
D.
Westcott,
D.
G.
Irvine,
L.
A.
Kerr
and
H.
Sommerstad,
1995.
Atmospheric
Deposition
of
Pesticides
in
a
Small
Southern
Saskatchewan
Watershed.
Environ.
Toxicol.
and
Chem.,
14:
1171­
1175.

Weis,
P.
and
J.
S.
Weis,
1974.
Schooling
behavior
of
Menidia
menidia
in
the
presence
of
the
insecticide
Sevin
(carbaryl).
Marine
Biol.
28:
261­
263.

Weis,
J.
S.
and
P.
Weis,
1975.
Retardation
of
fin
regeneration
in
Fundulus
by
several
insecticides.
Trans.
Am.
Fish.
Soc.
104(
1):
135­
137.

Werner,
Ingborg,
Linda
A.
Denovic,
Valeri
Conner,
Victor
De
Vlaming,
Howard
Bailey
and
David
E.
Hinton,
2000.
Insecticide­
Caused
Toxicity
to
Ceriodaphnia
dubia
(Cladocera)
in
the
Sacramento­
San
Joaquin
River
Delta,
California.
Environmental
Toxicology
and
Chemistry,
19:
215­
227.

Willis,
Guye
H.,
and
Leslie.
L.
McDowell,
1987.
Pesticide
Persistence
on
Foliage.
in
Reviews
of
Environmental
Contamination
and
Toxicology.
100:
23­
73.

Windholz,
M.,
et
al.,
eds.
1976.
The
Merck
Index,
9th
ed.
Merck
and
Co.,
Inc.:
Rathway,
NJ.

Wolfe,
N.
L.,
R.
G.
Zepp
and
D.
F.
Paris,
1978.
Carbaryl,
Propham
and
Chlorpropham:
A
Comparison
of
the
Rates
of
Hydrolysis
and
Photolysis
with
the
Rate
of
Biolysis.
Water
Research,
12:
565­
571.
­62­
Appendix
A:
Refined
Water
Memo
UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
20460
PC
Code:
056801
DP
Bar
Code:
D267276
DATE:
July
23,
2001
MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
Refined
Estimated
Environmental
Concentrations
for
Carbaryl
FROM:
E.
Laurence
Libelo,
Ph.
D.,
Environmental
Engineer
Environmental
Risk
Branch
IV
Environmental
Fate
and
Effects
Division
(7507C)

THROUGH:
Elizabeth
Behl,
Chief
Environmental
Risk
Branch
IV,
EFED
(7507C)

TO:
Anthony
E.
Britten,
Chemical
Review
Manager
Betty
Shackleford,
Branch
Chief
Reregistration
Branch
III
Special
Review
and
Reregistration
Division
(7508C)

Virginia
Dobozy,
Ph.
D.,
HED/
RRBI
This
memo
presents
refined
surface
water
and
groundwater
Estimated
Environmental
Concentrations
(EECs)
for
use
in
calculating
human
exposure
to
carbaryl.
These
values
were
determined
using
available
monitoring
data,
modeling
with
PRZM/
EXAMS
for
surface
water,
and
SCI­
GROW
for
groundwater.
EEC
values
are
shown
in
Table
1.
Because
of
uncertainties
in
available
monitoring
data
EFED
recommends
using
modeling
results
in
assessing
Carbaryl
risks.

Background:

Chemical
characteristics
and
available
monitoring
data
indicate
that
carbaryl
has
the
potential
to
enter
surface
water
via
leaching
and
runoff
under
certain
conditions
and
has
limited
potential
to
leach
to
ground
water.
Carbaryl
tends
not
to
partition
to
soil,
aquifer
solids,
or
­63­
sediment.
Once
the
compound
has
entered
surface
water,
it
may
be
degraded
by
chemical
and
biological
processes.
Abiotic
degradation
by
photolysis
(t1/
2
=
21
days)
and
hydrolysis
in
alkaline
(t1/
2
=
3.2
hours
at
pH
9)
and
neutral
(t1/
2
=
12
days
at
pH
7)
waters
result
in
fairly
rapid
degradation
in
most
aqueous
environments.
Microbially
mediated
processes
also
contribute
to
fairly
rapid
degradation
of
the
parent
to
1­
naphthol
and
CO2.
Aerobic
aquatic,
soil
aerobic
and
anaerobic
metabolism
studies
(t1/
2
=
5,
4,
and
72
days
respectively)
suggest
that
the
compound
is
broken
down
by
a
variety
of
metabolic
processes.

Under
certain
conditions
carbaryl
can
be
expected
to
persist
in
the
environment.
Under
low
pH
conditions
the
compound
is
stable
to
hydrolysis.
In
anaerobic
environments
metabolism
is
fairly
slow
(t½
=
72
days).
This
suggests
that
carbaryl
may
leach
to
ground
water
and
persist
in
some
aquifers.

Monitoring
studies
show
that
carbaryl
is
a
commonly
detected
contaminant
in
surface
water.
Carbaryl,
at
typically
low
concentrations,
is
found
in
greater
than
20
%
of
surface
samples
with
concentrations
up
to
7
ppb.
Carbaryl
is
generally
not
widely
detected
in
groundwater
monitoring
studies
though
some
studies
have
found
concentrations
of
up
to
several
hundred
ppb.
Concentrations
as
high
as
610
µg/
L
have
been
detected
in
one
case
but
typical
groundwater
concentrations
are
much
lower.
NAWQA
studies
have
found
that
about
1
%
of
groundwater
samples
have
measurable
levels
(>
0.003
:
g/
L)
of
carbaryl,
with
a
maximum
concentration
of
0.02
µg/
L.
Targeted
studies
designed
to
measure
carbaryl
in
groundwater
are
not
available.

Based
on
chemical
properties,
existing
monitoring
data
and
computer
simulation
estimates
of
carbaryl
contamination
that
can
be
expected
in
surface
water
and
groundwater
as
a
result
of
normal
agricultural
practices
have
been
determined.
Carbaryl
is
commonly
found
in
surface
water,
and
can
be
expected
to
contaminate
drinking
water
derived
from
surface
water
bodies.
Targeted
and
non­
targeted
studies
regularly
detect
carbaryl
in
low
concentrations,
typically
below
1
µg/
L.
Carbaryl
use
in
urban
and
suburban
areas
results
in
higher
frequency
of
surface
water
contamination.
Monitoring
data
suggest
that
carbaryl
concentrations
resulting
from
non­
agricultural
uses
are
higher
then
from
agricultural
uses.
However,
at
this
time
EFED
does
not
have
methods
for
evaluating
EECs
from
non­
agricultural
uses.

Carbaryl
is
not
widely
detected
in
groundwater
studies.
For
drinking
water
derived
from
groundwater,
the
acute
and
chronic
EEC
value
of
0.8
µg/
L
is
based
on
modeling
using
SCIGROW
It
must
be
noted
that
carbaryl
has
an
aerobic
metabolism
half­
life
(4
days)
which
is
significantly
outside
the
range
of
values
for
which
SCI­
GROW
may
be
valid
(17­
1000
days).
Because
of
this
there
is
significant
uncertainty
in
the
SCI­
GROW
value.
EFED
currently
does
not
have
more
advanced
groundwater
models,
and
targeted
studies
specifically
designed
to
evaluate
the
potential
for
carbaryl
to
move
to
groundwater
are
not
available.

Because
of
its
chemical
structure
carbaryl
is
somewhat
difficult
to
quantify
by
gas
chromatography.
Older
studies
using
GC
or
GC/
MS
generally
have
poor
recovery
and
6
Maximum
is
the
highest
application
rate
allowed
according
to
the
label
for
the
specific
crop
"Average"
is
the
average
rate
as
determined
by
OPP/
BEAD
and
reported
in
the
a
memo
titled
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
for
Carbaryl,
prepared
July
21,
1998
by
Frank
Hernandez,
OPP/
BEAD
Maximum
used
is
the
highest
rate
of
application
that
is
actually
reported
to
be
used
based
on
OPP/
BEAD
analysis
of
Doanes
survey
data
­64­
quantitation
limits.
Because
of
this
difficulty
in
analysis
the
actual
concentration
of
carbaryl
in
groundwater
and
surface
waters
may
be
higher
than
reported.
More
recent
studies
using
HPLC/
MS
should
provide
better
data
on
the
true
extent
and
magnitude
of
water
contamination
from
the
use
of
carbaryl.

Surface
Water
Modeling
Surface
water
EECs
derived
from
computer
modeling
are
higher
than
generally
seen
in
monitoring
studies.
Carbaryl
is
often
detected
in
surface
water,
and
it
is
very
unlikely
that
monitoring
data
represents
actual
maximum
concentrations
or
that
all
occurrences
have
been
sampled.
Because
Carbaryl
is
fairly
reactive
in
the
environment
it
is
difficult
to
design
a
sampling
program
that
can
identify
the
peak
concentrations.
Therefore
EFED
recommends
using
modeling
data
in
human
health
risk
assessment.

Modeling
to
support
the
assessment
of
drinking
water
in
the
human
health
risk
assessment
was
done
for
five
crop
scenario:
Florida
citrus,
Ohio
sweet
corn
and
field
corn,
Oregon
apples
and
Minnesota
sugar
beets.
Three
different
application
rate
scenarios
were
used
in
modeling:
the
maximum
allowed
on
the
label
for
the
specific
crop,
an
"average"
rate,
and
the
maximum
rate
reported
to
actually
be
used
6
.
EECs
were
calculated
using
The
Pesticide
Root
Zone
Model
version
3.12
(PRZM)
(Carsel
et
al.,
1997)
and
EXAMS
2.97.5
(Exposure
Analysis
Modeling
System)
(Burns,
1997).
PRZM
is
used
to
simulate
pesticide
transport
as
a
result
of
runoff
and
erosion
from
an
agricultural
field
and
EXAMS
estimates
environmental
fate
and
transport
of
pesticides
in
surface
water.
Weather
and
agricultural
practices
are
simulated
over
36
years
so
that
the
10­
year
exceedance
probability
at
the
site
can
be
estimated.
A
partial
list
of
input
parameters
for
the
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling
are
given
in
Table
2.
The
values
generated
by
the
models
were
multiplied
by
a
default
percent
crop
area
factor
(PCA)
which
accounts
for
the
fact
that
is
unlikely
for
any
basin
to
be
completely
planted
to
agricultural
crops.
For
human
health
assessment,
simulations
were
done
using
the
Index
Reservoir
scenario
in
Exams.
The
Index
Reservoir
and
PCA
are
described
in
Jones
et
al.,
2000.
The
EEC's
for
the
five
scenarios
simulated
are
shown
in
Table
1.
Input
files
for
PRZM/
EXAMS
modeling
are
attached.

Corn:

Runoff
from
use
on
sweet
and
field
corn
was
modeled
using
a
Ohio
corn
scenario
located
in
the
Scioto
River
valley
of
Central
Ohio.
The
soil
is
a
Cardington
silt
loam,
a
fine,
illitic,
mesic
Aquic
Hapludalfs
in
MLRA
M­
111.
The
Cardington
silt
loam
is
a
very
deep,
moderately
well
drained
soil
formed
in
loamy
till
of
medium
lime
content.
Soils
are
located
on
0­
15
percent
­65­
convex
SE
facing
slopes
on
summits,
shoulders,
and
back
slopes
on
Wisconsin
Age
ground
and
end
moraines.
Permeability
is
slow
and
runoff
is
negligible
to
very
high.
An
intermittent
perched
water
table
is
present
between
1­
2
feet
from
November
and
April
in
most
years.
The
MAP
is
36
inches
and
the
MAT
is
51
o
F.
Most
areas
are
cultivated.
Major
crops
are
corn,
soybeans,
small
grains,
and
hay.
Some
areas
are
in
pasture.
The
soil
is
characterized
as
Group
C
hydrologic
soil.
The
soil
distribution
includes
Central
and
North­
Central
Ohio.
The
series
is
of
large
extent,
approximately
250,000
acres.
The
series
was
established
in
Licking
County
Ohio
in
1930.
A
PCA
of
0.46
was
used
to
correct
calculated
values
for
percent
area
cropped.

Apples:

Runoff
from
application
on
apples
was
modeled
using
a
standard
input
scenario
for
an
orchard
in
Washington
County,
Oregon.
The
soil
at
the
site
is
a
Cornelius
silt
loam
soil,
a
finesilty
mixed,
mesic
Ultic
Haploxeralf
on
a
15%
slope
in
MLRA
2.
Seventy­
six
acres
of
pears
and
238
acres
of
apples
were
grown
in
Washington
County
in
1987
(US
Department
of
Commerce,
1989b).
The
weather
data
is
from
weather
station
W24232
in
Salem,
Oregon.
The
weather
data
file
is
also
part
of
the
PIRANHA
shell,
and
is
used
to
represent
the
weather
for
MLRA
2.
The
site
was
selected
to
represent
orchards
in
the
western
United
States
that
are
reasonable
likely
to
result
in
high
exposures
to
aquatic
organisms.
The
pond
used
the
standard
Richard
Lee
pond
that
is
distributed
with
EXAMS
modified
for
the
Index
Reservoir.
Additional
adjustments
were
made
to
the
standard
pond
by
changing
the
water
temperature
to
that
which
was
more
appropriate
for
the
region
being
simulated.
The
temperature
in
the
pond
each
month
was
set
to
the
average
monthly
air
temperature
over
all
36
years
calculated
from
the
meteorological
file
that
was
used
in
the
simulation.
The
default
PCA
of
0.87
was
used.

Sugar
beets:

Runoff
from
application
on
sugar
beets
was
modeled
using
a
standard
scenario
modified
for
the
Index
Reservoir
in
Polk
Co.
MN.
MN
has
the
highest
sugar
beet
acreage
and
Polk
Co.
is
the
highest
in
the
state.
The
soil
at
the
site
is
Bearden
silty
clay
loam,
a
benchmark,
hydrologic
group
C
soil
with
about
800K
mapped
acres
in
MLRA
56.
The
chemical
was
applied
is
two
aerial
applications
of
1.5
lb
a.
i.
per
acre
14
days
apart.
Application
timing
information
provided
by
the
University
of
Minnesota
Agricultural
Extension
Service,
Polk
County,
MN,
EFED
does
not
have
a
PCA
for
sugar
beets
so
the
default
value
of
0.87
was
used.

Citrus
Use
on
citrus
was
modeled
using
the
EFED
standard
citrus
scenario
in
Oceola
County,
Florida.
The
soil
is
a
Adamsville
sand,
a
hyperthermic,
uncoated
Aquic
Quartzipsamment
in
MLRA
156A.
The
Adamsville
sand
is
a
somewhat
poorly
drained,
rapidly
permeable
soil
that
formed
in
thick
sandy
marine
sediments
occurring
in
Central
and
Southern
Florida
on
slopes
of
0­
5
percent.
The
soil
is
typical
of
soils
used
either
for
rangeland
or
citrus
production.
­66­
Adamsville
sand
ranges
from
a
Hydrologic
Group
A
soil
to
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil,
depending
on
the
water
table.
For
the
purpose
of
this
modeling,
EFED
assumed
the
curve
numbers
from
the
PIC
of
the
Adamsville
sand
as
a
Group
C
soil.
The
default
PCA
of
0.87
was
used.

EECs
varied
greatly
depending
on
the
geographic
location,
crop
and
application
rate.
Calculated
EECs
range
up
to
about
500
:
g/
L.
The
maximum
calculated
EEC
resulted
from
use
on
citrus
in
Florida.
Modeling
"average"
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
gave
EEC
values
generally
40­
60%
lower
than
calculated
with
maximum
rate.
EECs
calculated
by
modeling
are
slightly
higher
than
concentrations
observed
in
monitoring
data.
Because
most
available
monitoring
data
is
not
from
targeted
studies
and
is
limited
spatially
and
temporally
it
is
not
reasonable
to
expect
that
it
represents
the
maximum
environmental
concentrations
that
exist.
Therefore
modeling
results
probably
are
a
better
estimate
of
actual
concentrations
that
may
occur
in
the
environment.
­67­
Table
1.
Carbaryl
Drinking
Water
EECs
Crop
Number
of
Applications
per
Year
Pounds
A.
I.
per
application
Surface
Water
Acute
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year
peak
single
day
concentration)
Surface
Water
Chronic
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year
annual
average
concentration)

Sweet
Corn
(OH)
(PCA
=
0.46)
Maximum
1
8
2
37
3.2
Average
2
2
3.
4
45
2.2
Maximum
3
Reported
3
1
15
0.9
Field
Corn
(OH)
(PCA
=
0.46)
Maximum
1
4
2
30
2.1
Average
2
2
1
13
0.6
Maximum
3
Reported
2
1.
520
1
Apples
(OR)
(PCA
=
0.87)
Maximum
1
5
2
144
9
Average
2
2
1.
2
12
0.7
Maximum
3
Reported
2
1.
625
1
Sugar
Beets
(MN)
(PCA
=
0.87)
Maximum
1
2
1.
519
2
Average
2
1
1.
5
12
1.1
Maximum
3
Reported
1
1.
2
9
0.
9
Citrus
(FL)
(PCA
=
0.87)
Maximum
1
4
5
494
28
Average
2
2
3.
4
246
11
Maximum
3
Reported
3
4.
26
411
16
Surface
Water
Monitoring
5.5
(Maximum
Observed
Concentration)

Groundwater
SCIGROW
Maximum
1
5
40.
8
0.
8
Groundwater
(NAWQA
Monitoring
Data)
0.02
0.02
1
Maximum
application
rate
on
label
2
Average
application
rate
from
Quantitative
Usage
Analysis
for
Carbaryl,
prepared
July
21,
1998
by
Frank
Hernandez,
OPP/
BEAD
3
Maximum
rate
of
application
reported
in
DoaneS
survey
data
­68­
Surface
Water
Monitoring
Carbaryl
is
widely
detected
in
surface
waters
in
non­
targeted
and
targeted
monitoring
studies.
Observed
concentrations
are
generally
low
(>
0.5
:
g/
L).
Carbaryl
is
not
very
persistent
in
most
surface
water
conditions
suggesting
that
the
wide
spread
occurrence
is
a
result
of
its
extensive
use
in
a
variety
of
applications.
Because
of
limitation
in
the
analytical
methods
used
there
is
some
question
as
to
the
accuracy
of
carbaryl
analysis.
Poor
analytical
methods
probably
have
resulted
in
lower
detection
rates
and
lower
concentrations
than
actually
present.

NAWQA
Carbaryl
is
second
most
widely
detected
incesticide
(after
diazanon)
the
USGS
NAWQA
program
(http://
water.
usgs.
gov/
nawqa/
nawqa_
home.
html).
Carbaryl
was
detected
in
46%
of
36
NAWQA
study
units
between
1991
and
1998.
The
reported
concentrations
are
believed
to
be
reliable
detections
but
have
greater
than
average
uncertainty
in
quantification.
Carbaryl
analytical
results
are
fairly
poor,
with
a
typical
mean
percent
recovery
of
24%
(
F
=
15)
in
laboratory
quality
control
samples,
and
a
method
detection
limit
(MDL)
of
0.003
ug/
L.
This
suggests
that
the
reported
values
do
not
represent
the
maximum
concentrations
that
exist,
and
that
surface
water
contamination
may
be
more
widespread
than
the
data
show.

Out
of
5220
surface
water
samples
analyzed
1082,
or
about
21
percent,
were
reported
as
having
detections
greater
than
the
MDL.
The
maximum
reported
concentration
was
5.5
µg/
L.
For
samples
with
positive
detections
the
mean
concentration
was
0.11
:
g/
L,
with
a
standard
deviation
of
0.43
:
g/
L.
A
significant
portion
of
the
total
carbaryl
applied
was
transported
to
streams.
In
areas
with
high
agricultural
use
the
load
measured
in
surface
waters
was
relatively
consistent
across
the
country
at
about
0.1
percent
of
the
amount
used
in
the
basins
(Larson
et
al.,
1999)
http://
water.
wr.
usgs.
gov/
pnsp/
rep/
wrir984222/
load.
html.
The
estimated
annual
carbaryl
use
on
in
agricultural
applications
is
about
4
million
pounds
suggesting
that
400,000
pounds
are
delivered
each
year
to
the
nations
streams
draining
agricultural
areas.

Streams
draining
urban
areas
showed
more
frequent
detections
and
higher
concentrations
than
streams
draining
agricultural
or
mixed
land
use
areas.
For
example
Kimbrough
and
Litke
(1996)
reported
that,
in
the
South
Platte
River
Basin
Study
Unit,
between
April
and
December
of
1993,
carbaryl
was
detected
in
14
urban
drainage
samples
and
6
agricultural
drainage
samples.
Carbaryl
had
the
highest
concentration
of
the
four
insecticides
analyzed
with
a
maximum
concentration
of
2.5
:
g/
L
in
the
urban
basin
and
1.5
:
g/
L
in
the
agricultural
basin
(http://
webserver.
cr.
usgs.
gov/
nawqa/
splt/
meetings/
KIMB1.
html).
In
the
South­
Central
Texas
Study
Unit
carbaryl
was
detected
in
12%
of
streams
draining
agricultural
areas
and
52
%
draining
urban
areas
(Bush
et
al.,
2000)
http://
water.
usgs.
gov/
pubs/
circ/
circ1212/.
­69­
Registrant
Monitoring
Study
Aventis
Crop
Science
submitted
interim
results
of
an
on­
going
surface
water
monitoring
study.
Carbaryl
residues
in
surface
water
were
measured
at
drinking
water
facilities
in
areas
believed
to
have
high
agricultural
and
residential
use
(MRID
45116201).
In
this
study
16
sites
were
in
agricultural
areas
and
4
in
areas
draining
suburban
areas.
Samples
of
raw
water
were
collected
at
municipal
water
treatment
facilities
for
8­
12
months.
When
raw
water
showed
positive
detections
for
carbaryl,
finished
water
samples
collected
at
the
same
time
were
analyzed.
Samples
were
collected
weekly
during
periods
suspected
of
being
"high
risk"
and
monthly
the
rest
of
the
year
in
agricultural
areas.
Suburban
sites
were
sampled
weekly.

In
this
study
carbaryl
was
analyzed
by
HPLC/
MS
with
a
limit
of
detection
of
0.002
ppb
and
a
limit
of
quantitation
(LOQ)
of
0.030
ppb.
Most
carbaryl
detections
in
this
study
were
below
the
LOQ.
In
raw
water
samples
from
suburban
sites
detectable
residues
in
raw
water
ranged
from
0.002
to
0.023
ppb.
11
out
of
40
raw
water
samples
from
Sweetwater
Creek,
the
source
of
water
for
the
East
Port
facility
in
Douglas,
GA
had
detectable
levels
ranging
from
0.002
to
0.018
ppb.
One
out
of
46
samples
from
Joe
Pool
Lake,
Ellis
Texas
had
a
detection
at
0.014
ppb.
Jorden
Lake
in
Cary,
NC
had
2
detections
out
of
44
samples
(0.004
and
0.003
ppb).
11
out
of
40
samples
from
the
Cahaba
River
in
Birmingham
AL
had
detections
ranging
from
0.002
to
0.023
ppb.
Finished
water
sampled
from
suburban
areas
were
all
below
the
detection
limit.

In
samples
from
agricultural
sites
9
out
of
15
water
sources
had
some
detectable
level
of
carbaryl.
The
detections
were
generally
at
low
levels,
with
one
of
about
0.16
ppb
and
one
of
0.031.
The
rest
were
below
the
level
of
quantitation
(<
0.03
ppb).
Samples
from
finished
water
were
generally
lower
than
raw
water,
though
it
appears
that
raw
and
finished
water
sampling
did
not
sample
the
same
mass
of
water.
Therefore,
the
data
can
not
be
used
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
water
treatment
on
carbaryl.
Because
the
samples
were
collected
at
the
same
time,
the
water
exiting
the
treatment
plant
was
temporally
different
than
the
water
entering
and
represent
different,
independent,
parcels
of
water.
In
several
cases
finished
water
had
higher
concentrations
than
raw
water,
and
finished
water
had
detectable
carbaryl
when
the
raw
did
not.
The
highest
concentration
measured
was
in
finished
water
(0.16
ppb).
Raw
water
sampled
at
the
same
time
had
much
lower
concentration
(0.010).
This
illustrates
that
carbaryl
contamination
is
transient,
and
that
it
is
unlikely
that
any
but
the
most
intensive
sampling
would
ever
detect
the
actual
peak
concentration.
That,
and
the
limited
number
of
sites
sampled,
limit
the
usefulness
of
this
study.
Non­
targeted
monitoring,
such
as
the
NAWQA
program,
has
shown
that
much
higher
concentrations
occur
indicating
that
this
study,
while
useful,
can
not
be
used
to
describe
the
overall
distribution
of
concentrations
that
occur
throughout
the
entire
use
area.
This
study
does
not
provide
sufficient
information
to
allow
estimation
of
actual
peak
and
mean
concentrations
that
actually
occur
in
all
use
areas.
The
highest
concentration
values
measured
in
this
study
are
close
to
the
average
values
seen
in
other,
non­
targeted,
studies.
­70­
Only
limited
information
was
submitted
on
sampling
site
selection
and
how
the
sites
relate
to
the
overall
distribution
of
use
areas.
Home
and
garden
sites
were
selected
downstream
of
urban/
suburban
areas
that
were
believed
to
have
high
use
based
on
county
scale
sales
data.
Agricultural
sites
were
selected
based
on
county
scale
sales
data,
and
are
believed
to
be
in
"major
use
counties."
This
study
is
still
ongoing
and
only
interim
study
results
have
been
submitted.
Additional
information
is
needed
to
evaluate
the
study
results.
Additionally,
an
analysis
of
how
the
selected
sites
relate
to
the
nationwide
distribution
of
use
areas
is
required.
This
should
include
an
explanation
of
why
this
study
did
not
observe
concentrations
as
high
as
those
found
in
other,
non­
targeted
studies,
and
how
the
results
of
this
study
can
be
related
to
concentrations
that
occur
throughout
the
country.
Based
on
the
interim
data
submitted
it
appears
that
this
study
measured
concentrations
similar
to
those
observed
in
non­
targeted
studies
and
did
not
capture
high
end
or
peak
values.
This
study
appears
to
be
well
designed
though
limited
but
until
additional
information
is
submitted
it
is
not
possible
to
use
the
interim
results
for
more
then
to
reinforce
the
inferences
drawn
from
non­
targeted
study
data.

STORET
The
EPA
STORET
database
(
was
queried
on
May
12,
1999
for
reports
of
measurements
of
carbaryl
in
surface
water.
The
database
contained
8048
records
indicating
that
analysis
was
done
for
carbaryl.
Out
of
these
432
reported
concentrations
above
the
detection
limits.
The
maximum
value
reported
was
5.5
µg/
L.
Of
the
reported
detections
18
were
above
1
ppb.
The
data
is
the
STORET
database
is
used
to
give
a
general
indication
of
the
occurrence
pattern
only.
Lack
of
QA/
QC
and
analytical
methodology
limitations
limit
the
usefulness
of
the
STORET
data.
However,
reported
detections
of
carbaryl
suggest
that
the
compound
is
infrequently
detected
in
surface
water
and
at
low
levels.

Groundwater
Available
evidence
from
valid
scientific
studies
show
that
carbaryl
has
a
limited
potential
to
leach
to
ground
water,
and
as
a
result
of
normal
agricultural
use,
detections
of
carbaryl
residues
have
been
reported
in
groundwater
from
several
states.
As
reported
in
the
U.
S.
EPA.
Pesticides
in
Groundwater
Database
(Jacoby
et
al.,
1992)
carbaryl
was
detected
in
0.4%
of
wells
sampled.
Carbaryl
was
detected
in
California
(2
out
of
1433
wells),
Missouri
(11
out
of
325
wells),
New
York
(69
out
of
21027
wells)
Rhode
Island
(13
out
of
830
wells)
and
Virginia
(11
out
of
138
wells).
The
maximum
concentration
detected
was
610
µg/
L
in
NY,
though
typically
the
measured
concentrations
were
significantly
lower.

The
EPA
STORET
database
was
queried
on
May
12,
1999
for
reports
of
measurements
of
carbaryl
in
groundwater.
The
database
contained
9389
records
indicating
that
analysis
was
done
for
carbaryl.
Out
of
these
only
4
reported
concentrations
above
the
detection
limits.
These
analyses
were
all
from
one
well
in
Cleveland,
OK
in
1988.
The
4
reported
concentrations
were
between
0.8
and
1
ppb.
­71­
Carbaryl
was
detected
at
greater
than
the
detection
limit
(0.003
µg/
L)
in
1.1
%
of
groundwater
samples
from
1034
sites
across
the
U.
S.
by
U.
S.
G.
S.
NAWQA
program.
The
maximum
observed
concentration
was
0.021
µg/
L.
Detections
were
from
mainly
from
three
use
sites:
wheat
(5.8
%
of
well
samples
from
wheat
land
use
),
orchards
and
vineyards
(1.7
%
of
well
samples
from
orchard
and
vineyard
land
use),
and
urban
(1.8%
of
urban
groundwater
samples).
Limitations
in
analytical
methodology
(described
elsewhere)
apply
to
groundwater
sample
analysis
also
suggesting
that
there
actual
maximum
concentrations
and
extent
of
contamination
may
be
significantly
higher.
Data
on
pesticides
in
groundwater
were
reviewed
by
Kolpin
et
al.
(1998)
and
updated
information
is
available
at:
http://
water.
wr.
usgs.
gov/
pnsp/
ja/
est32/.

For
drinking
water
derived
from
groundwater
an
acute
and
chronic
EEC
value
of
0.8
µg/
L
should
be
used
based
on
modeling
using
SCIGROW.
Carbaryl
is
not
frequently
detected
in
groundwater
monitoring
studies.
However,
targeted
studies
specifically
designed
to
evaluate
the
potential
for
carbaryl
to
move
to
groundwater
are
not
available.
SCI­
GROW
is
used
to
calculate
a
groundwater
screening
exposure
value
to
be
used
in
determining
the
potential
risk
to
human
health
from
drinking
water
contaminated
by
use
of
pesticides.
In
the
case
of
Carbaryl
the
chemical
properties
of
the
compound
are
outside
the
range
of
values
for
which
SCI­
GROW
was
developed.
The
EEC
value
calculated
using
SCI­
GROW
should
therefore
be
used
with
caution
since
it
may
significantly
underestimate
possible
groundwater
concentrations.
SCI­
GROW
input
parameters
are
shown
in
Table
2
and
a
copy
of
the
output
is
attached..

Water
Treatment
Effects
The
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
has
completed
a
review
of
the
effects
of
drinking
water
treatment
on
pesticides
in
water
(http://
www.
epa.
gov/
scipoly/
sap/
2000/
september/
sept00
sap__
dw
0907.
pdf).
This
review
indicates
that
standard
drinking
water
treatment,
consisting
of
flocculation/
sedimentation
and
filtration
does
not
substantially
affect
concentrations
of
pesticides
in
drinking
water.
Evidence
suggests
that
carbaryl
does
not
react
with
chlorine
or
hypoclorite
disinfection
products
in
water
treatment
but
is
rapidly
degraded
(T½
=
too
rapid
to
measure)
by
ozone
(Mason
et
al.,
1990).
­72­
Table
2.
PRZM/
EXAMS
environmental
fate
input
parameters
for
Carbaryl
Parameter
Value
Data
source
Molecular
Weight
201.22
Solubility
32
mg/
L
(@
20°
C)
Suntio,
et
al.,
1988
Vapor
Pressure
(torr)
1.36
10
­6
@
25°
C
Ferrira
and
Seiber,
1981
Henry's
Law
Constant
1.28
x
10
­8
Suntio,
et
al.
1988
Hydrolysis
Half­
life
pH
5
pH
7
pH
9
stable
stable
5
hours
MRID
00163847
44759301
Soil
Photolysis
Half­
life
(days)
stable
no
valid
data
submitted
Aquatic
Photolysis
Half­
life
(days)
21
days
MRID
41982603
Aerobic
Soil
Metabolism
Half­
life
4.0
days
(n=
1
so
use
3x)
MRID
42785101
Aerobic
Aquatic
Metabolism
Half­
life
4.9
days
(n
=
1
so
use
3x)
MRID
43143401
Anaerobic
Aquatic
Metabolism
Half­
life
72.2
days
MRID
42785102
Soil­
Water
Partitioning
Coefficient
Kads
(Koc)
1.74
(207)
sandy
loam
2.0
(249)
clay
loam
3.0
(211)
silt
loam
3.5
(177)
silty
clay
loam
(Koc
=
211
for
SCIGROW)
MRID
43259301
References
Cited:

Bush,
Peter
W.,
Ann
F.
Ardis,
Lynne
Fahlquist,
Patricia
B.
Ging,
C.
Evan
Hornig,
and
Jennifer
Lanning­
Rush,
2000.
Water
Quality
in
South­
Central
Texas,
1996­
98.
Water­
Resources
Circular
1212.
U.
S.
Geological
Survey.

Burns,
L.
A.,
1997.
EXAMS
2.97.5
Users
Manual.
National
Exposure
Research
Lab,
Office
of
­73­
Research
and
Development,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Athens,
Georgia.

Carsel,
R.
F.,
Imhoff,
J.
C.,
Hummel,
P.
R.,
Cheplick,
J.
M.
and
Donigan,
A.
S.,
1997.
PRZM
3.1
Users
Manual.
National
Exposure
Research
Lab,
Office
of
Research
and
Development,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Athens,
Georgia.

Ferreira,
G.
A.
and
J.
N.
Seiber,
1981.
J.
Agric.
Food
Chem.,
29:
93­
99
Jacoby,
H.,
C.
Hoheisel,
J.
Karrie,
S.
Lees,
L.
Davies­
Hilliard,
P.
Hannon,
R.
Bingham,
E.
Behl,
D.
Wells,
and
E.
Waldman.
1992.
Pesticides
in
Ground
Water
Database
­
A
Compilation
of
Monitoring
Studies:
1971­
1991,
EPA
734­
12­
92­
001,
September
1992.

Jones,
R.
David,
Jim
Breithaupt,
Jim
Carleton,
Laurence
Libelo,
Jim
Lin,
Robert
Matzner,
Ron
Parker,
William
Feeland,
Nelson
Thurman
and
Ian
Kennedy,
2000.
Draft
Guidance
for
Use
of
the
Index
Reservoir
and
Percent
Crop
Area
Factor
in
Drinking
Water
Assessments.
EPA/
OPP
Draft
dated
March
3,
2000.

Kimbrough,
R.
A.,
and
Litke,
D.
W.,
1996.
Environ.
Sci.
and
Technol.,
30:
908­
916.

Kolpin,
Dana
W.,
Jack
E.
Barbash
and
Robert
Gilliom,
1998.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol.
32:
588­
566.

Larson,
Steven
J.,
Robert
Gilliom,
and
Paul
Capel,
1999.
Pesticides
in
Streams
of
the
United
States­­
Initial
Results
from
the
National
Water­
Quality
Assessment
Program.
U.
S.
G.
S.
WaterResources
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98­
4222.

Suntio,
L.
R.,
et
al.,
1988.
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Contam.
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103:
1­
59.
­74­
APPENDIX
A1:
PRZM
Input
Files
Maximum
Application
Rate
Ohio
Sweet
Corn,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Application
efficiency:
0.95
aerial;
0.99
spray
blast
and
ground
spray
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
172.8
5.80
3
6.00
600.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
­75­
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Application:
aerial
Application
8
apps
@
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
­
RECORD
13
***
288
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280548
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110648
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250648
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090748
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230748
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060848
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280549
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110649
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250649
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090749
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230749
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060849
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280550
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110650
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250650
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090750
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230750
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060850
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280551
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110651
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250651
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090751
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230751
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060851
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280552
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110652
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250652
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090752
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230752
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­76­
060852
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280553
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110653
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250653
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090753
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230753
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060853
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280554
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110654
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250654
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090754
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230754
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060854
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280555
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110655
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250655
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090755
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230755
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060855
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280556
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110656
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250656
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090756
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230756
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060856
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280557
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110657
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250657
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090757
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230757
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060857
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280558
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110658
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250658
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090758
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230758
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060858
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280559
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110659
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250659
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090759
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230759
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060859
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280560
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110660
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­77­
250660
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090760
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230760
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060860
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280561
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110661
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250661
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090761
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230761
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060861
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280562
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110662
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250662
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090762
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230762
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060862
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280563
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110663
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250663
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090763
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230763
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060863
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280564
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110664
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250664
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090764
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230764
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060864
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280565
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110665
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250665
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090765
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230765
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060865
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280566
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110666
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250666
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090766
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230766
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060866
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280567
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110667
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250667
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090767
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230767
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060867
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­78­
140568
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280568
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110668
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250668
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090768
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230768
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060868
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280569
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110669
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250669
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090769
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230769
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060869
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280570
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110670
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250670
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090770
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230770
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060870
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280571
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110671
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250671
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090771
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230771
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060871
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280572
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110672
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250672
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090772
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230772
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060872
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280573
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110673
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250673
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090773
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230773
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060873
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280574
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110674
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250674
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090774
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230774
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060874
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280575
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110675
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250675
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090775
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­79­
230775
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060875
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280576
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110676
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250676
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090776
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230776
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060876
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280577
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110677
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250677
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090777
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230777
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060877
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280578
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110678
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250678
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090778
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230778
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060878
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280579
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110679
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250679
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090779
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230779
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060879
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280580
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110680
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250680
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090780
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230780
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060880
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280581
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110681
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250681
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090781
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230781
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060881
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280582
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110682
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250682
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090782
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230782
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060882
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280583
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­80­
110683
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
250683
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
090783
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
230783
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
060883
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­81­
Average
Application
Rate
Ohio
Sweet
Corn,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
28/
01
***
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Application
efficiency:
0.95
aerial;
0.99
spray
blast
and
ground
spray
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
172.8
5.80
3
6.00
600.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
­82­
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Application
by
ground
spray
Rate
=
"average"
from
QUA
memo
(July
21,
1998)
­
3
apps
@
1.1
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
Application:
X
Application
Method.
2
apps
@
8
lb
a.
i./
acre
(8.9
kgs/
hectare
***
­
RECORD
13
***
108
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140548
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280548
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300449
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140549
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280549
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300450
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140550
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280550
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300451
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140551
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280551
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300452
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140552
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280552
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300453
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140553
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280553
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300454
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140554
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280554
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300455
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140555
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280555
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300456
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140556
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280556
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300457
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140557
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280557
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300458
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140558
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280558
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300459
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140559
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280559
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
­83­
300460
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140560
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280560
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300461
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140561
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280561
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300462
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140562
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280562
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300463
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140563
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280563
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300464
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140564
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280564
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300465
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140565
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280565
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300466
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140566
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280566
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300467
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140567
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280567
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300468
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140568
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280568
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300469
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140569
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280569
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300470
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140570
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280570
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300471
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140571
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280571
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300472
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140572
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280572
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300473
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140573
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280573
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300474
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140574
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280574
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300475
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140575
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280575
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300476
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140576
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280576
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300477
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140577
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280577
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300478
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140578
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280578
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300479
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140579
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280579
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300480
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
­84­
140580
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280580
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300481
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140581
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280581
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300482
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140582
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280582
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
300483
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
140583
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
280583
0
2
0.00
1.23
0.95
0.064
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­85­
Maximum
Reported
Application
Rate
Ohio
Sweet
Corn,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Application
efficiency:
0.95
aerial;
0.99
spray
blast
and
ground
spray
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
172.8
5.80
3
6.00
600.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
­86­
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Max
reported
application
­
3
apps
@
1
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Application:
aerial
Application
Method.
2
apps
@
8
lb
a.
i./
acre
(8.9
kgs/
hectare
***
­
RECORD
13
***
108
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280548
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280549
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280550
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280551
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280552
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280553
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
­87­
300454
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280554
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280555
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280556
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280557
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280558
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280559
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280560
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280561
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280562
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280563
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280564
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280565
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280566
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280567
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280568
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280569
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280570
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
­88­
140571
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280571
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280572
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280573
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280574
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280575
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280576
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280577
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280578
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280579
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280580
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280581
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280582
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
280583
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
­89­
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­90­
Maximum
Application
Rate
Ohio
Corn,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Application
efficiency:
0.95
aerial;
0.99
spray
blast
and
ground
spray
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
172.8
5.80
3
6.00
600.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
­91­
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Application:
X
Application
Method.
4
apps
@
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
­
RECORD
13
***
144
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280548
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110648
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280549
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110649
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280550
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110650
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280551
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110651
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­92­
140552
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280552
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110652
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280553
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110653
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280554
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110654
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280555
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110655
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280556
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110656
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280557
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110657
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280558
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110658
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280559
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110659
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280560
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110660
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280561
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110661
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280562
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110662
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280563
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110663
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280564
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­93­
110664
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280565
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110665
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280566
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110666
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280567
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110667
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280568
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110668
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280569
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110669
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280570
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110670
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280571
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110671
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280572
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110672
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280573
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110673
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280574
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110674
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280575
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110675
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280576
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110676
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­94­
140577
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280577
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110677
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280578
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110678
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280579
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110679
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280580
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110680
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280581
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110681
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280582
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110682
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
280583
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
110683
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
­95­
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­96­
Average
Reported
Application
Rate
Ohio
Corn,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Application
efficiency:
0.95
aerial;
0.99
spray
blast
and
ground
spray
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
172.8
5.80
3
6.00
600.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
­97­
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Average
app
rate
­
2
apps
@
1
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Application:
aerial
Application
at
max
label
rate
4
apps
@
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
­
RECORD
13
***
72
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
­98­
140554
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
­99­
140579
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.16
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­100­
Maximum
Reported
Application
Rate
Ohio
Corn,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Application
efficiency:
0.95
aerial;
0.99
spray
blast
and
ground
spray
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
172.8
5.80
3
6.00
600.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
­101­
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Max
reported
app
rate
­
2
apps
@
1.5
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Application:
aerial
Application
at
max
label
rate
4
apps
@
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
­
RECORD
13
***
72
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
­102­
300455
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
­103­
300480
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­104­
Maximum
Application
Rate:
Oregon
Apples,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM
3.1
Input
Data
File;
ORAPPLEX.
INP;
Modified
April
5,
1998
***
***
Modified
for
Carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
Modified
for
Index
Res.
by
Laurence
Libelo,
3/
7/
01
***
Crops
simulated:
Apples,
Crabapples,
and
Quince
***
***
Location
Washington
County,
Oregon;
Meadow/
Orchard
Scenario;
MLRA:
A2
***
***
Manning's
N:
Assume
sparse
grass
under
mature
trees
(ca.
20
feet)
***
***
Temperature
data
read
***
***
This
file
is
for
scenario
standardization;
Reference
chemical
is
Atrazine
***
***
See
ORAPPLEX.
wpd
for
scenario
details
***
Carbaryl
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
0.740
0.150
2
17.000
1
3
9.2
10.3
11.8
13.6
15.30
15.3
14.2
12.5
10.9
9.4
8.6
9.1
4
0.43
3.30
1.0
172.8
5.4
2
15.00
464
1
1
0.25
17.0
100.000
3
91
71
71
0.0
600
1
3
0103
0105
0112
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
36
010448
150548
151248
1
010449
150549
151249
1
010450
150550
151250
1
010451
150551
151251
1
010452
150552
151252
1
010453
150553
151253
1
010454
150554
151254
1
010455
150555
151255
1
010456
150556
151256
1
010457
150557
151257
1
010458
150558
151258
1
010459
150559
151259
1
010460
150560
151260
1
010461
150561
151261
1
010462
150562
151262
1
010463
150563
151263
1
010464
150564
151264
1
010465
150565
151265
1
010466
150566
151266
1
010467
150567
151267
1
­105­
010468
150568
151268
1
010469
150569
151269
1
010470
150570
151270
1
010471
150571
151271
1
010472
150572
151272
1
010473
150573
151273
1
010474
150574
151274
1
010475
150575
151275
1
010476
150576
151276
1
010477
150577
151277
1
010478
150578
151278
1
010479
150579
151279
1
010480
150580
151280
1
010481
150581
151281
1
010482
150582
151282
1
010483
150583
151283
1
Aerial
Application:
5
apps
of
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
(2.2
kg/
ha),
Aerial
@
95%
eff.
w/
16%
drift
180
1
0
0
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(silt
Loam
soil);
AeSM:
T1/
2:
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
Record
16:
Application
information;
set
specific
to
carbaryl
***
100348
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140348
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180348
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220348
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260348
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100349
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140349
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180349
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220349
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260349
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100350
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140350
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180350
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220350
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260350
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100351
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140351
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180351
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220351
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260351
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100352
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140352
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180352
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220352
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260352
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100353
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140353
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­106­
180353
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220353
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260353
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100354
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140354
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180354
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220354
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260354
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100355
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140355
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180355
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220355
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260355
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100356
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140356
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180356
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220356
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260356
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100357
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140357
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180357
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220357
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260357
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100358
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140358
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180358
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220358
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260358
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100359
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140359
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180359
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220359
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260359
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100360
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140360
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180360
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220360
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260360
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100361
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140361
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180361
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220361
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260361
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100362
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140362
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180362
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220362
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260362
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100363
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140363
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­107­
180363
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220363
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260363
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100364
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140364
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180364
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220364
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260364
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100365
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140365
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180365
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220365
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260365
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100366
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140366
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180366
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220366
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260366
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100367
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140367
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180367
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220367
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260367
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100368
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140368
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180368
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220368
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260368
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100369
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140369
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180369
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220369
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260369
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100370
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140370
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180370
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220370
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260370
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100371
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140371
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180371
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220371
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260371
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100372
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140372
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180372
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220372
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260372
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100373
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140373
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­108­
180373
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220373
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260373
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100374
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140374
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180374
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220374
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260374
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100375
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140375
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180375
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220375
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260375
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100376
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140376
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180376
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220376
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260376
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100377
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140377
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180377
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220377
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260377
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100378
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140378
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180378
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220378
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260378
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100379
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140379
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180379
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220379
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260379
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100380
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140380
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180380
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220380
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260380
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100381
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140381
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180381
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220381
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260381
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100382
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140382
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
180382
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220382
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260382
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
100383
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
140383
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
­109­
180383
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
220383
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
260383
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.16
***
Record
17:
Filtra.,
disposit.
foliar
pest.
after
harvest,
and
plant
uptake
***
0.0
3
0.0
***
Record
18:
Foliar
dissipation
parameters
***
0.0
0.0
0.50
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
148.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
Record
26:
Soil
volatilization
constants
***
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
33
***
5
***
Record
34
***
1
15.0
1.30
0.329
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
36:
Soil
half­
life
rate
constants;
repeat
for
each
horizon
***
0.058
0.058
0.0
***
Record
37:
***
0.1
0.329
0.099
2.30
3.0
***
Record
39:
Omitted;
parent/
daughter
transformation
rates
***
2
13.0
1.38
0.338
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.338
0.108
1.11
3.0
3
15.0
1.58
0.340
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.340
0.110
0.21
3.0
4
55.0
1.52
0.358
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.358
0.148
0.145
3.0
5
50.0
1.46
0.202
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.202
0.142
0.07
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

6
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
­110­
Average
Application
Rate:
Oregon
Apples,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM
3.1
Input
Data
File;
ORAPPLEX.
INP;
Modified
April
5,
1998
***
***
Modified
for
Carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
28/
01
***
***
Crops
simulated:
Apples,
Crabapples,
and
Quince
***
***
Location
Washington
County,
Oregon;
Meadow/
Orchard
Scenario;
MLRA:
A2
***
***
Manning's
N:
Assume
sparse
grass
under
mature
trees
(ca.
20
feet)
***
***
Temperature
data
read
***
***
This
file
is
for
scenario
standardization;
Reference
chemical
is
Atrazine
***
***
See
ORAPPLEX.
wpd
for
scenario
details
***
Carbaryl
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
0.740
0.150
2
17.000
1
3
9.2
10.3
11.8
13.6
15.30
15.3
14.2
12.5
10.9
9.4
8.6
9.1
4
0.43
3.30
1.0
10.0
5.4
2
15.00
354.0
1
1
0.25
17.0
100.000
3
91
71
71
0.0
600
1
3
0103
0105
0112
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
36
010448
150548
151248
1
010449
150549
151249
1
010450
150550
151250
1
010451
150551
151251
1
010452
150552
151252
1
010453
150553
151253
1
010454
150554
151254
1
010455
150555
151255
1
010456
150556
151256
1
010457
150557
151257
1
010458
150558
151258
1
010459
150559
151259
1
010460
150560
151260
1
010461
150561
151261
1
010462
150562
151262
1
010463
150563
151263
1
010464
150564
151264
1
010465
150565
151265
1
010466
150566
151266
1
­111­
010467
150567
151267
1
010468
150568
151268
1
010469
150569
151269
1
010470
150570
151270
1
010471
150571
151271
1
010472
150572
151272
1
010473
150573
151273
1
010474
150574
151274
1
010475
150575
151275
1
010476
150576
151276
1
010477
150577
151277
1
010478
150578
151278
1
010479
150579
151279
1
010480
150580
151280
1
010481
150581
151281
1
010482
150582
151282
1
010483
150583
151283
1
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
28/
01
2
apps@
1.2
lb/
app
***
***
Aerial
Application:
5
apps
of
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
(3.3
kg/
ha),
Aerial
@
95%
eff.
w/
16%
drift
72
1
0
0
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(silt
Loam
soil);
AeSM:
T1/
2:
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
Record
16:
Application
information;
set
specific
to
carbaryl
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
­112­
300460
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
­113­
***
Record
17:
Filtra.,
disposit.
foliar
pest.
after
harvest,
and
plant
uptake
***
0.0
3
0.0
***
Record
18:
Foliar
dissipation
parameters
***
0.0
0.0
0.50
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
148.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
Record
26:
Soil
volatilization
constants
***
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
33
***
5
***
Record
34
***
1
15.0
1.30
0.329
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
36:
Soil
half­
life
rate
constants;
repeat
for
each
horizon
***
0.058
0.058
0.0
***
Record
37:
***
0.1
0.329
0.099
2.30
3.0
***
Record
39:
Omitted;
parent/
daughter
transformation
rates
***
2
13.0
1.38
0.338
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.338
0.108
1.11
3.0
3
15.0
1.58
0.340
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.340
0.110
0.21
3.0
4
55.0
1.52
0.358
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.358
0.148
0.145
3.0
5
50.0
1.46
0.202
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.202
0.142
0.07
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

6
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
­114­
Maximum
Reported
Application
Rate:
Oregon
Apples,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM
3.1
Input
Data
File;
ORAPPLEX.
INP;
Modified
April
5,
1998
***
***
Modified
for
Carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
Modified
for
Index
Res.
by
Laurence
Libelo,
3/
7/
01
***
Crops
simulated:
Apples,
Crabapples,
and
Quince
***
***
Location
Washington
County,
Oregon;
Meadow/
Orchard
Scenario;
MLRA:
A2
***
***
Manning's
N:
Assume
sparse
grass
under
mature
trees
(ca.
20
feet)
***
***
Temperature
data
read
***
***
This
file
is
for
scenario
standardization;
Reference
chemical
is
Atrazine
***
***
See
ORAPPLEX.
wpd
for
scenario
details
***
Carbaryl
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
0.740
0.150
2
17.000
1
3
9.2
10.3
11.8
13.6
15.30
15.3
14.2
12.5
10.9
9.4
8.6
9.1
4
0.43
3.30
1.0
172.8
5.4
2
15.00
464
1
1
0.25
17.0
100.000
3
91
71
71
0.0
600
1
3
0103
0105
0112
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
36
010448
150548
151248
1
010449
150549
151249
1
010450
150550
151250
1
010451
150551
151251
1
010452
150552
151252
1
010453
150553
151253
1
010454
150554
151254
1
010455
150555
151255
1
010456
150556
151256
1
010457
150557
151257
1
010458
150558
151258
1
010459
150559
151259
1
010460
150560
151260
1
010461
150561
151261
1
010462
150562
151262
1
010463
150563
151263
1
010464
150564
151264
1
010465
150565
151265
1
010466
150566
151266
1
010467
150567
151267
1
­115­
010468
150568
151268
1
010469
150569
151269
1
010470
150570
151270
1
010471
150571
151271
1
010472
150572
151272
1
010473
150573
151273
1
010474
150574
151274
1
010475
150575
151275
1
010476
150576
151276
1
010477
150577
151277
1
010478
150578
151278
1
010479
150579
151279
1
010480
150580
151280
1
010481
150581
151281
1
010482
150582
151282
1
010483
150583
151283
1
Max
reported
rate
­
2
apps
@
1.6
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Aerial
Application:
5
apps
of
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
(2.2
kg/
ha),
Aerial
@
95%
eff.
w/
16%
drift
72
1
0
0
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(silt
Loam
soil);
AeSM:
T1/
2:
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
Record
16:
Application
information;
set
specific
to
carbaryl
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
­116­
300461
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.79
0.95
0.16
***
Record
17:
Filtra.,
disposit.
foliar
pest.
after
harvest,
and
plant
uptake
***
0.0
3
0.0
­117­
***
Record
18:
Foliar
dissipation
parameters
***
0.0
0.0
0.50
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
148.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
Record
26:
Soil
volatilization
constants
***
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
33
***
5
***
Record
34
***
1
15.0
1.30
0.329
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
36:
Soil
half­
life
rate
constants;
repeat
for
each
horizon
***
0.058
0.058
0.0
***
Record
37:
***
0.1
0.329
0.099
2.30
3.0
***
Record
39:
Omitted;
parent/
daughter
transformation
rates
***
2
13.0
1.38
0.338
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.338
0.108
1.11
3.0
3
15.0
1.58
0.340
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.340
0.110
0.21
3.0
4
55.0
1.52
0.358
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.358
0.148
0.145
3.0
5
50.0
1.46
0.202
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.202
0.142
0.07
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

6
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
­118­
Maximum
Application
Rate:
Sugar
beets,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM2
Version
3.12
Input
Data
File
***
***
MNSUGAR1.
inp
Index
Reservoir
Scenario
created
on
12/
13/
99
***
***
Modified
for
CABRBARYL
6/
21/
00
by
Laurence
Libelo
***
***
Bearden
soil
is
a
Benchmark
soil
with
ca.
800K
mapped
acres
in
MLRA
***
***
Sugar
beets,
conventional
tillage
***
***
Highest
acreage
sugarbeet
state
is
MN;
highest
county
in
MN
is
Polk
***
***
Manning's
N
value
set
to
0.02
for
residues
applied
to
fallow
surfaces
***
***
Application
timing
information
provided
by
Russ
Severson
(?),
***
University
of
Minnesota
Agricultural
Extension
Service,
Polk
County,
MN,
***
(218)
281­
8696
***
PCA
for
sugarbeets
not
available,
use
default
PCA
of
0.87
***
Chemical:
Carbaryl
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
HYGP:
C;
MLRA
F­
56,
Polk
County,
Minnesota
0.760
0.500
0
12.00
1
3
4
0.28
0.12
0.50
172.80
3
3.00
600.0
1
1
0.10
20.00
80.00
3
91
82
91
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
1605
1110
0.43
0.18
0.43
0.02
0.02
0.02
36
160548
061048
161048
1
160549
061049
161049
1
160550
061050
161050
1
160551
061051
161051
1
160552
061052
161052
1
160553
061053
161053
1
160554
061054
161054
1
160555
061055
161055
1
160556
061056
161056
1
160557
061057
161057
1
160558
061058
161058
1
160559
061059
161059
1
160560
061060
161060
1
160561
061061
161061
1
160562
061062
161062
1
160563
061063
161063
1
160564
061064
161064
1
160565
061065
161065
1
­119­
160566
061066
161066
1
160567
061067
161067
1
160568
061068
161068
1
160569
061069
161069
1
160570
061070
161070
1
160571
061071
161071
1
160572
061072
161072
1
160573
061073
161073
1
160574
061074
161074
1
160575
061075
161075
1
160576
061076
161076
1
160577
061077
161077
1
160578
061078
161078
1
160579
061079
161079
1
160580
061080
161080
1
160581
061081
161081
1
160582
061082
161082
1
160583
061083
161083
1
Application
Schedule:
2
aerial
app
@
1.5
lb
a.
i./
acre
(1.68
kg/
ha,
95%
app.
eff,
16%
spray
drift
72
1
0
0
Carbaryl:
Kd:
3.0;
AeSM:
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
300448
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
­120­
300462
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
0.0
3
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.50
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
Hydrologic
Group
C;
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
­121­
4
1
10.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.58
0.58
0.00
0.10
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
2
8.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
1.00
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
3
54.00
1.500
0.292
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.00
0.292
0.132
1.160
3.0
4
28.00
1.800
0.285
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.0
0.285
0.125
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

1
YEAR
***
PRCP
TSER
0
0***
RUNF
TCUM
0
0
***
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3***
***
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
­122­
Average
Application
Rate:
Sugar
beets,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM2
Version
3.12
Input
Data
File
***
***
MNSUGAR1.
inp
Index
Reservoir
Scenario
created
on
12/
13/
99
***
***
Modified
for
CABRBARYL
6/
21/
00
by
Laurence
Libelo
***
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
28/
01
***
***
Bearden
soil
is
a
Benchmark
soil
with
ca.
800K
mapped
acres
in
MLRA
***
***
Sugar
beets,
conventional
tillage
***
***
Highest
acreage
sugarbeet
state
is
MN;
highest
county
in
MN
is
Polk
***
***
Manning's
N
value
set
to
0.02
for
residues
applied
to
fallow
surfaces
***
***
Application
timing
information
provided
by
Russ
Severson
(?),
***
University
of
Minnesota
Agricultural
Extension
Service,
Polk
County,
MN,
***
(218)
281­
8696
***
PCA
for
sugarbeets
not
available,
use
default
PCA
of
0.87
***
Chemical:
Carbaryl
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
HYGP:
C;
MLRA
F­
56,
Polk
County,
Minnesota
0.760
0.500
0
12.00
1
3
4
0.28
0.12
0.50
172.80
3
3.00
600.0
1
1
0.10
20.00
80.00
3
91
82
91
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
1605
1110
0.43
0.18
0.43
0.02
0.02
0.02
36
160548
061048
161048
1
160549
061049
161049
1
160550
061050
161050
1
160551
061051
161051
1
160552
061052
161052
1
160553
061053
161053
1
160554
061054
161054
1
160555
061055
161055
1
160556
061056
161056
1
160557
061057
161057
1
160558
061058
161058
1
160559
061059
161059
1
160560
061060
161060
1
160561
061061
161061
1
160562
061062
161062
1
160563
061063
161063
1
160564
061064
161064
1
­123­
160565
061065
161065
1
160566
061066
161066
1
160567
061067
161067
1
160568
061068
161068
1
160569
061069
161069
1
160570
061070
161070
1
160571
061071
161071
1
160572
061072
161072
1
160573
061073
161073
1
160574
061074
161074
1
160575
061075
161075
1
160576
061076
161076
1
160577
061077
161077
1
160578
061078
161078
1
160579
061079
161079
1
160580
061080
161080
1
160581
061081
161081
1
160582
061082
161082
1
160583
061083
161083
1
Application
Schedule:
1
aerial
app
@
1.5
lb
a.
i./
acre
(1.68
kg/
ha,
95%
app.
eff,
5%
spray
drift
***
***
Application
Schedule:
2
aerial
app
@
1.5
lb
a.
i./
acre
(1.68
kg/
ha,
95%
app.
eff,
16%
spray
drift
36
1
0
0
Carbaryl:
Kd:
3.0;
AeSM:
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
300448
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
­124­
300473
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
0.0
3
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.50
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
Hydrologic
Group
C;
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
1
10.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.58
0.58
0.00
0.10
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
2
8.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
1.00
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
3
54.00
1.500
0.292
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.00
0.292
0.132
1.160
3.0
4
28.00
1.800
0.285
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.0
0.285
0.125
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

1
YEAR
***
PRCP
TSER
0
0***
RUNF
TCUM
0
0
***
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3***
***
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
­125­
Maximum
Reported
Application
Rate:
Sugar
beets,
Index
Reservoir
***
PRZM2
Version
3.12
Input
Data
File
***
***
MNSUGAR1.
inp
Index
Reservoir
Scenario
created
on
12/
13/
99
***
***
Modified
for
CABRBARYL
6/
21/
00
by
Laurence
Libelo
***
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
28/
01
***
***
Bearden
soil
is
a
Benchmark
soil
with
ca.
800K
mapped
acres
in
MLRA
***
***
Sugar
beets,
conventional
tillage
***
***
Highest
acreage
sugarbeet
state
is
MN;
highest
county
in
MN
is
Polk
***
***
Manning's
N
value
set
to
0.02
for
residues
applied
to
fallow
surfaces
***
***
Application
timing
information
provided
by
Russ
Severson
(?),
***
University
of
Minnesota
Agricultural
Extension
Service,
Polk
County,
MN,
***
(218)
281­
8696
***
PCA
for
sugarbeets
not
available,
use
default
PCA
of
0.87
***
Chemical:
Carbaryl
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
HYGP:
C;
MLRA
F­
56,
Polk
County,
Minnesota
0.760
0.500
0
12.00
1
3
4
0.28
0.12
0.50
172.80
3
3.00
600.0
1
1
0.10
20.00
80.00
3
91
82
91
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
1605
1110
0.43
0.18
0.43
0.02
0.02
0.02
36
160548
061048
161048
1
160549
061049
161049
1
160550
061050
161050
1
160551
061051
161051
1
160552
061052
161052
1
160553
061053
161053
1
160554
061054
161054
1
160555
061055
161055
1
160556
061056
161056
1
160557
061057
161057
1
160558
061058
161058
1
160559
061059
161059
1
160560
061060
161060
1
160561
061061
161061
1
160562
061062
161062
1
160563
061063
161063
1
160564
061064
161064
1
160565
061065
161065
1
­126­
160566
061066
161066
1
160567
061067
161067
1
160568
061068
161068
1
160569
061069
161069
1
160570
061070
161070
1
160571
061071
161071
1
160572
061072
161072
1
160573
061073
161073
1
160574
061074
161074
1
160575
061075
161075
1
160576
061076
161076
1
160577
061077
161077
1
160578
061078
161078
1
160579
061079
161079
1
160580
061080
161080
1
160581
061081
161081
1
160582
061082
161082
1
160583
061083
161083
1
Maximum
raported
application
rate:
1
app
@
1.2
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Application
Schedule:
2
aerial
app
@
1.5
lb
a.
i./
acre
(1.68
kg/
ha,
95%
app.
eff,
16%
spray
drift
36
1
0
0
Carbaryl:
Kd:
3.0;
AeSM:
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
300448
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
­127­
300476
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.34
0.95
0.16
0.0
3
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.50
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
Hydrologic
Group
C;
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
1
10.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.58
0.58
0.00
0.10
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
2
8.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
1.00
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
3
54.00
1.500
0.292
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.00
0.292
0.132
1.160
3.0
4
28.00
1.800
0.285
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.0
0.285
0.125
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

1
YEAR
***
PRCP
TSER
0
0***
RUNF
TCUM
0
0
***
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3***
***
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
­128­
Maximum
Application
Rate:
Florida
Citrus,
Index
Reservoir
PRZM3
Input
File,
flcit.
inp
(Jan
28
2000)
***
original
file
source
unknown
***
***
Source
of
crop
and
soil
data
unknown
***
***
modified
for
carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
Location:
Osceola
County,
FL.;
Crop:
citrus;
MLRA
156A
0.77
0.15
0
25.00
1
1
4
0.10
0.13
1.00
172.8
3
1.00
600.0
1
1
0.10
100.00
80.00
3
94
84
89
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
21
9
2209
0.10
0.10
0.10
.023
.023
.023
36
110548
170748
10848
1
110549
170749
10849
1
110550
170750
10850
1
110551
170751
10851
1
110552
170752
10852
1
110553
170753
10853
1
110554
170754
10854
1
110555
170755
10855
1
110556
170756
10856
1
110557
170757
10857
1
110558
170758
10858
1
110559
170759
10859
1
110560
170760
10860
1
110561
170761
10861
1
110562
170762
10862
1
110563
170763
10863
1
110564
170764
10864
1
110565
170765
10865
1
110566
170766
10866
1
110567
170767
10867
1
110568
170768
10868
1
110569
170769
10869
1
110570
170770
10870
1
110571
170771
10871
1
110572
170772
10872
1
110573
170773
10873
1
110574
170774
10874
1
110575
170775
10875
1
110576
170776
10876
1
110577
170777
10877
1
110578
170778
10878
1
110579
170779
10879
1
110580
170780
10880
1
­129­
110581
170781
10881
1
110582
170782
10882
1
110583
170783
10883
1
Application:
4
aerial
appls
@
5
lb
a.
i./
ac/
year
(5.6
kg/
ha)
@95%
eff,
w/
16%
drift
144
1
0
0
CARBARYL
on
FL
Cirtus
300448
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280548
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110648
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280549
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110649
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280550
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110650
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280551
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110651
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280552
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110652
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280553
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110653
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280554
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110654
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280555
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110655
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280556
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110656
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280557
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110657
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280558
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110658
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
­130­
300459
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280559
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110659
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280560
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110660
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280561
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110661
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280562
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110662
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280563
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110663
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280564
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110664
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280565
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110665
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280566
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110666
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280567
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110667
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280568
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110668
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280569
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110669
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280570
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110670
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280571
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
­131­
110671
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280572
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110672
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280573
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110673
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280574
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110674
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280575
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110675
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280576
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110676
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280577
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110677
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280578
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110678
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280579
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110679
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280580
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110680
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280581
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110681
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280582
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110682
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
280583
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
110683
0
2
0.00
5.60
0.95
0.16
0.
1
­132­
0.00
0.000
0.50
Soil
Series:
Adamsville
sand;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
Kd
for
sandy
loam
=
1.7
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00.0
0.00
00.00
3
1
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.058
.058
0.000
0.100
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
2
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
1.000
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
3
80.000
1.580
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
5.000
0.030
0.023
0.116
1.7
0
WATR
YEAR
10
PEST
YEAR
10
CONC
YEAR
10
1
6
11
­­­­

1
DAY
RUNF
TSER
0
0
1.
E0
­133­
Average
Application
Rate:
Florida
Citrus,
Index
Reservoir
PRZM3
Input
File,
flcit.
inp
(Jan
28
2000)
***
original
file
source
unknown
***
***
Source
of
crop
and
soil
data
unknown
***
***
modified
for
carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
Location:
Osceola
County,
FL.;
Crop:
citrus;
MLRA
156A
0.77
0.15
0
25.00
1
1
4
0.10
0.13
1.00
172.8
3
1.00
600.0
1
1
0.10
100.00
80.00
3
94
84
89
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
21
9
2209
0.10
0.10
0.10
.023
.023
.023
36
110548
170748
10848
1
110549
170749
10849
1
110550
170750
10850
1
110551
170751
10851
1
110552
170752
10852
1
110553
170753
10853
1
110554
170754
10854
1
110555
170755
10855
1
110556
170756
10856
1
110557
170757
10857
1
110558
170758
10858
1
110559
170759
10859
1
110560
170760
10860
1
110561
170761
10861
1
110562
170762
10862
1
110563
170763
10863
1
110564
170764
10864
1
110565
170765
10865
1
110566
170766
10866
1
110567
170767
10867
1
110568
170768
10868
1
110569
170769
10869
1
110570
170770
10870
1
110571
170771
10871
1
110572
170772
10872
1
110573
170773
10873
1
110574
170774
10874
1
110575
170775
10875
1
110576
170776
10876
1
110577
170777
10877
1
110578
170778
10878
1
110579
170779
10879
1
110580
170780
10880
1
­134­
110581
170781
10881
1
110582
170782
10882
1
110583
170783
10883
1
Application
=
average
­
2
aps
@
3.4
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Application:
4
aerial
appls
@
5
lb
a.
i./
ac/
year
(5.6
kg/
ha)
@95%
eff,
w/
16%
drift
72
1
0
0
CARBARYL
on
FL
Cirtus
300448
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170548
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170549
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170550
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170551
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170552
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170553
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170554
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170555
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170556
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170557
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170558
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170559
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170560
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170561
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170562
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170563
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170564
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170565
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170566
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170567
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170568
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
­135­
170569
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170570
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170571
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170572
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170573
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170574
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170575
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170576
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170577
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170578
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170579
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170580
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170581
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170582
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
170583
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.16
0.
1
0.00
0.000
0.50
Soil
Series:
Adamsville
sand;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
Kd
for
sandy
loam
=
1.7
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00.0
0.00
00.00
3
1
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.058
.058
0.000
0.100
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
2
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
1.000
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
3
80.000
1.580
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
5.000
0.030
0.023
0.116
1.7
0
WATR
YEAR
10
PEST
YEAR
10
CONC
YEAR
10
1
6
11
­­­­­
­136­
1
DAY
RUNF
TSER
0
0
1.
E0
­137­
Maximum
Reported
Application
Rate:
Florida
Citrus,
Index
Reservoir
PRZM3
Input
File,
flcit.
inp
(Jan
28
2000)
***
original
file
source
unknown
***
***
Source
of
crop
and
soil
data
unknown
***
***
modified
for
carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
Location:
Osceola
County,
FL.;
Crop:
citrus;
MLRA
156A
0.77
0.15
0
25.00
1
1
4
0.10
0.13
1.00
172.8
3
1.00
600.0
1
1
0.10
100.00
80.00
3
94
84
89
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
21
9
2209
0.10
0.10
0.10
.023
.023
.023
36
110548
170748
10848
1
110549
170749
10849
1
110550
170750
10850
1
110551
170751
10851
1
110552
170752
10852
1
110553
170753
10853
1
110554
170754
10854
1
110555
170755
10855
1
110556
170756
10856
1
110557
170757
10857
1
110558
170758
10858
1
110559
170759
10859
1
110560
170760
10860
1
110561
170761
10861
1
110562
170762
10862
1
110563
170763
10863
1
110564
170764
10864
1
110565
170765
10865
1
110566
170766
10866
1
110567
170767
10867
1
110568
170768
10868
1
110569
170769
10869
1
110570
170770
10870
1
110571
170771
10871
1
110572
170772
10872
1
110573
170773
10873
1
110574
170774
10874
1
110575
170775
10875
1
110576
170776
10876
1
110577
170777
10877
1
110578
170778
10878
1
110579
170779
10879
1
­138­
110580
170780
10880
1
110581
170781
10881
1
110582
170782
10882
1
110583
170783
10883
1
Application
=
maximum
reported
3
aps
@
4.26
lb
A.
I./
acre
***
Application:
4
aerial
appls
@
5
lb
a.
i./
ac/
year
(5.6
kg/
ha)
@95%
eff,
w/
16%
drift
108
1
0
0
CARBARYL
on
FL
Cirtus
300448
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280548
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280549
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280550
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280551
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280552
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280553
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280554
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300455
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280555
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280556
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280557
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280558
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280559
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280560
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280561
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
­139­
300462
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280562
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280563
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280564
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280565
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280566
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280567
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280568
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280569
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280570
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280571
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280572
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280573
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280574
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280575
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280576
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280577
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280578
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
­140­
300479
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280579
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280580
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280581
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280582
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
280583
0
2
0.00
4.77
0.95
0.16
0.
1
0.00
0.000
0.50
Soil
Series:
Adamsville
sand;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
Kd
for
sandy
loam
=
1.7
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00.0
0.00
00.00
3
1
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.058
.058
0.000
0.100
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
2
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
1.000
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
3
80.000
1.580
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
5.000
0.030
0.023
0.116
1.7
0
WATR
YEAR
10
PEST
YEAR
10
CONC
YEAR
10
1
6
11
­­­­

1
DAY
RUNF
TSER
0
0
1.
E0
APPENDIX
A2:
Results
of
Scigrow
Run
for
Carbaryl
RUN
No.
1
FOR
Carbaryl
INPUT
VALUES
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

APPL
(#/
AC)
APPL.
URATE
SOIL
SOIL
AEROBIC
RATE
NO.
(#/
AC/
YR)
KOC
METABOLISM
(DAYS)
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

5.000
4
20.000
211.0
12.0
­141­
GROUND­
WATER
SCREENING
CONCENTRATIONS
IN
PPB
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

.829154
­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

A=
7.000
B=
216.000
C=
.845
D=
2.334
RILP=
1.408
F=
­1.382
G=
.041
URATE=
20.000
GWSC=
.829154
­142­
Appendix
B:
Ecological
Risk
Assessment
ECOLOGICAL
RISK
ASSESSMENT
Risk
characterization
integrates
the
results
of
exposure
and
ecotoxicity
data
to
evaluate
the
likelihood
of
adverse
ecological
effects,
using
for
this
purpose
the
risk
quotient
(RQ)
method.
RQs
are
calculated
by
dividing
estimated
environmental
concentrations
(EECs)
of
the
pesticide
by
acute
and
chronic
toxicity
values.
Although
EECs
are
primarily
based
on
the
maximum
label
application
rates
for
that
pesticide,
EECs
based
on
QUA
average
and
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
use
rates
were
also
considered
in
this
assessment.
The
74
carbaryl
registered
uses
and
application
specifications
(methods,
maximum
label
use
rates,
number
of
applications,
and
interval
between
applications)
used
in
the
risk
assessment
for
terrestrial
organisms
are
summarized
in
Table
1.

RQs
are
compared
to
levels
of
concern
(LOC)
criteria
used
by
OPP
for
determining
potential
risk
to
nontarget
organisms
and
the
subsequent
need
for
possible
regulatory
action.
The
criteria
indicate
that
a
pesticide
used
as
directed
has
the
potential
to
cause
adverse
effects
on
nontarget
organisms.
Levels
of
concern
currently
address
the
following
risk
presumption
categories:
(1)
acute
­­
potential
for
acute
risk;
regulatory
action
may
be
warranted
in
addition
to
restricted
use
classification,
(2)
acute
restricted
use
­­
potential
for
acute
risk,
but
may
be
mitigated
through
restricted
use
classification,
(3)
acute
endangered
species
­
potential
for
acute
risk
to
endangered
species;
regulatory
action
may
be
warranted,
and
(4)
chronic
risk
­
the
potential
for
chronic
risk
is
high,
and
regulatory
action
may
be
warranted.
Currently,
EFED
does
not
perform
assessments
for
chronic
risk
to
plants,
acute
or
chronic
risks
to
nontarget
insects,
or
chronic
risk
from
granular/
bait
formulations
to
birds
or
mammals.
Risk
presumptions
and
the
corresponding
risk
quotients
and
levels
of
concern
are
summarized
in
Table
2.

In
addition,
the
Agency
considers
any
incident
data
that
is
submitted
concerning
adverse
effects
on
nontarget
species.
­143­
Table
1.
Uses,
application
rates,
and
application
intervals
used
in
the
risk
assessment
for
carbaryl
1
Uses
Non­
granular
Formulations
Granular/
Bait
Use/
Crop
Appl
Rate
(lb
ai/
A)
No.
Appl
Interval
(days)
Max
lb/
year
Rate
(lb
ai/
A)

Asparagus
2
5
3
10
2
Broccoli,
Brussels
sprouts,
cauliflower,
collards,
cabbage,
mustard
greens,
lettuce,
parsley,
spinach,
celery,
Swiss
chard,
(beets,
carrots,
potato,
radish,
horseradish,
parsnip,
rutabaga,
salsify
2
37
62
Corn
(field,
pop)
2
4
14
8
­­­­

Sorghum
2
3
7
6
­­­­

Rice
(tadpole
shrimp)
1.
5
2
7
4
­­­­

Corn
(sweet)
2
8
3
16
2
Flax,
millet,
wheat,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland,
1.5
2
14
3
­­­­

Cucurbits
(melons,
cucumbers,
squash,
pumpkin)
1
6
7
6
­­­­

Alfalfa,
clover
1.
5
8
30
12
­­­­

Rangeland
1
1
­­­­
1
­­­­

Solanaceous
crops
(tomato,
pepper,
eggplant),
tobacco
2
4
7
8
2
Legumes
(beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
soybean)
1.5
4
7
6
­­­­

Peanuts,
sweet
potatoes
2
4
7
8
­­­­

Sugar
beets
1.
5
2
14
4
1.5
Small
fruits
&
berries
(grape,
blueberry,
caneberry,
cranberry,
strawberry)
2
5
7
10
­­­­

Strawberry
­­­­
­­­­
­­­­
­­­­­
2
Sunflower
1.
5
2
7
3
­­­­

Citrus
(orange,
lemon,
grapefruit)
5,
16
4
14
20
­­­­

Olives
7.
5
2
14
15
­­­­

Pome
fruits
(apple,
pear)
3
5
14
15
­­­­

Stone
fruits
(peach,
apricot,
cherry,
nectarine,
plum/
prune)
4
3
14
14
­­­­

Tree
nuts
(almond,
chestnut,
filbert,
pecan,
pistachios,
walnut)
5
3
7
15
­­­­

Forested
areas
(non­
urban)
1
2
7
2
­­­­

Trees
and
ornamentals
1
6
7
6
9.
1
Turfgrass
8
2
7
16
9.1
Ticks
­­­­­
­­­­­
9.
1
Oyster
beds
1
­­­­­
10
1
Aerial
and
ground
application
methods
for
all
uses
­144­
Table
2.
Risk
presumptions
for
terrestrial
animals
Risk
Presumption
Risk
Quotient
(RQ)
Level
of
Concern
(LOC)

Birds
Acute
Risk
EEC
1
/LC50
or
LD50/
sqft
2
or
LD50/
day
3
0.5
Acute
Restricted
Use
EEC/
LC50
or
LD50/
sqft
or
LD50/
day
(or
LD50
<
50
mg/
kg)
0.2
Acute
Endangered
Species
EEC/
LC50
or
LD50/
sqft
or
LD50/
day
0.1
Chronic
Risk
EEC/
NOAEC
1
Wild
Mammals
Acute
Risk
EEC/
LC50
or
LD50/
sqft
or
LD50/
day
0.5
Acute
Restricted
Use
EEC/
LC50
or
LD50/
sqft
or
LD50/
day
(or
LD50
<
50
mg/
kg)
0.2
Acute
Endangered
Species
EEC/
LC50
or
LD50/
sqft
or
LD50/
day
0.1
Chronic
Risk
EEC/
NOAEC
1
1
abbreviation
for
Estimated
Environmental
Concentration
(ppm)
on
avian/
mammalian
food
items
2
mg/
ft
2
3
mg
of
toxicant
consumed/
day
LD50
*
wt.
of
bird
LD50
*
wt.
of
bird
Risk
presumptions
for
aquatic
animals
Risk
Presumption
RQ
LOC
Acute
Risk
EEC
1
/LC50
or
EC50
0.5
Acute
Restricted
Use
EEC/
LC50
or
EC50
0.1
Acute
Endangered
Species
EEC/
LC50
or
EC50
0.05
Chronic
Risk
EEC/
NOAEC
1
1
EEC
=
(ppm
or
ppb)
in
water
Risk
presumptions
for
plants
Risk
Presumption
RQ
LOC
Plant
Inhabiting
Terrestrial
and
Semi­
Aquatic
Areas
Acute
Risk
EEC
1
/EC25
1
Acute
Endangered
Species
EEC/
EC05
or
NOAEC
1
Aquatic
Plants
Acute
Risk
EEC
2
/EC50
1
Acute
Endangered
Species
EEC/
EC05
or
NOAEC
1
1
EEC
=
lbs
a.
i./
A
2
EEC
=
(ppb
or
ppm)
in
water
­145­
Exposure
and
Risk
to
Nontarget
Terrestrial
Animals
For
nongranular
pesticide
applications
(e.
g.,
liquid,
dust),
the
estimated
environmental
concentrations
(EECs)
on
food
items
following
product
application
are
compared
to
LC50
values
to
assess
risk.
The
predicted
0­
day
maximum
and
mean
residues
of
a
pesticide
that
may
be
expected
to
occur
on
selected
avian
or
mammalian
food
items
immediately
following
a
direct
single
application
at
1
lb
a.
i./
A
are
tabulated
in
Table
3.

Table
3.
Estimated
environmental
concentrations
(EECs)
on
avian
and
mammalian
food
items
(ppm)
following
a
single
application
at
1
lb
a.
i./
A)

Food
Items
EEC
(ppm)
Predicted
Maximum
Residue
1
EEC
(ppm)
Predicted
Mean
Residue
1
Short
grass
240
85
Tall
grass
110
36
Broadleaf/
forage
plants
and
small
insects
135
45
Fruits,
pods,
seeds,
and
large
insects
15
7
1
Predicted
maximum
and
mean
residues
are
for
a
1
lb
a.
i./
a
application
rate
and
are
based
on
Hoerger
and
Kenaga
(1972)
as
modified
by
Fletcher
et
al.
(1994).

The
following
toxicity
endpoints
are
used
in
the
risk
assessment
of
carbaryl:

Avian
acute
oral
LD50
rock
dove
=
1000
mg/
kg
Avian
subacute
dietary
LC50
bobwhite
quail
=
>5000
ppm
Avian
chronic
(reproduction)
NOAEC
mallard
duck
=
300
ppm
Mammalian
acute
oral
LD50
rat
=
301
mg/
kg
Mammalian
chronic
(reproduction)
NOAEC
rat
=
80
ppm
Freshwater
fish
acute
LC50
salmon
=
0.25
ppm
Freshwater
fish
acute
(TEP)
LC50
trout
=
1.2
ppm
Freshwater
fish
chronic
NOAEC
minnow
=
0.21
ppm
Freshwater
invertebrate
acute
LC50
stonefly
=
1.7
ppb
Freshwater
invertebrate
chronic
NOAEC
waterflea
=
1.5
ppb
Estuarine/
marine
fish
acute
LC50
minnow
=
2.6
ppm
Estuarine/
marine
mollusc
acute
EC50
oyster
=
2.7
ppm
Estuarine/
marine
shrimp
EC50
mysid
=
5.7
ppb
Estuarine/
marine
fish
chronic
NOAEC
no
data
Estuarine/
marine
aquatic
invertebrate
chronic
NOAEC
no
data
­146­
Avian
Acute
and
Chronic
Risk
Risk
from
Exposure
to
Nongranular
Products
Since
the
avian
LC50
is
greater
than
5,000
ppm
(Appendix
C),
with
zero
mortality
observed
at
this
concentration
for
the
four
avian
species
tested,
carbaryl
is
classified
as
practically
nontoxic
to
birds,
and
the
avian
LC50
value
for
carbaryl
can
be
considered
a
NOAEC
value.
Therefore,
for
the
avian
risk
assessment,
acute
RQs
for
nongranular
carbaryl
are
compared
to
an
acute
risk
LOC
of
1,
rather
than
to
the
established
avian
risk
LOCs
shown
in
Table
2.
On
this
basis,
no
avian
acute
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
nongranular
carbaryl
at
maximum
label
application
rates
(Table
4).

Based
on
an
avian
NOAEC
of
300
ppm
and
maximum
label
application
rates,
the
avian
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
most
nongranular
uses
(Table
4).
For
birds
feeding
on
short
grasses,
the
avian
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
uses,
except
rangeland.
For
tall
grass
feeders,
the
avian
chronic
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
uses,
except
sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland,
rangeland,
and
non­
urban
forested
areas.
For
birds
feeding
on
broadleaf/
forage
plants
and
small
insects
the
avian
chronic
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
uses
except
for
rangeland
and
non­
urban
forested
areas.
The
chronic
LOC
for
birds
feeding
on
fruits,
pods,
seeds,
and
large
insects
is
not
exceeded
for
any
of
the
carbaryl
uses.

In
addition
to
maximum
label
use
rates,
avian
acute
and
chronic
RQs
were
also
calculated
for
nongranular
carbaryl
using
QUA
average
use
rates
(Table
5a)
for
70
use
sites,
as
well
as
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
use
rates
for
42
use
sites
(Table
5b).
The
acute
risk
LOCs
are
not
exceeded
for
any
nongranular
carbaryl
use
at
less
than
maximum
label
use
rates.
When
RQs
are
based
on
average
application
rates,
the
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
39
of
70
uses.
For
RQs
based
on
maximum
reported
use
rates,
the
chronic
risk
LOC
is
met
or
exceeded
for
34
of
42
uses
(Table
5b).
­147­
Table
4.
Avian
acute
and
chronic
RQs
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
bobwhite
quail
LC50
of
>5000
ppm,
a
mallard
duck
NOAEC
of
300
ppm,
and
maximum
label
application
rates.

Uses
Appl.
Rate
No.
Appl.
Interval
Food
Items
Maximum
EEC
1
(ppm)
LC50
(ppm)
NOAEC
(ppm)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chron.
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Citrus
(orange,
lemon,
grapefruit)
5
lb
ai/
A
4
appl
14
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
3320.98
1522.12
1868.05
207.56
>5000
300
<0.66
<0.30
<0.37
<0.04
11.07
5.07
6.23
0.69
Citrus
(California)
16
lb
ai/
A
1
appl
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
3840.00
1760.00
2160.00
240.00
>5000
300
<0.77
<0.35
<0.43
<0.05
12.80
5.87
7.20
0.80
Olives
7.5
lb
ai/
A
2
appl
14
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
3164.15
1450.23
1779.83
197.76
>5000
300
<0.63
<0.29
<0.36
<0.04
10.55
4.83
5.93
0.66
Pome
fruits
(apple,
pear)
3
lb
ai/
A
5
appl
14
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
2230.10
1022.13
1254.43
139.38
>5000
300
<0.45
<0.20
<0.25
<0.03
7.43
3.41
4.18
0.46
Stone
fruits
(peaches,
apricot,
cherry,
nectarine,
plum/
prune)
4
lb
ai/
A
3
appl
14
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
2238.92
1026.17
1259.39
139.93
>5000
300
<0.45
<0.21
<0.25
<0.03
7.46
3.42
4.20
0.47
Tree
nuts
(almond,
chestnut,
filbert,
pecan,
pistachios,
walnut)
5
lb
ai/
A
3
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
3154.09
1445.62
1774.18
197.13
>5000
300
<0.63
<0.29
<0.35
<0.04
10.51
4.82
5.91
0.66
Corn
(field,
pop)
2
lb
ai/
A
4
appl
14
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
1328.39
608.85
747.22
83.02
>5000
300
<0.27
<0.12
<0.15
<0.02
4.43
2.03
2.49
0.28
Corn
(sweet)
2
lb
ai/
A
8
appl
3
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
3148.03
1442.85
1770.77
196.75
>5000
300
<0.63
<0.29
<0.35
<0.04
10.49
4.81
5.90
0.66
Rice,
sunflower
1.
5
lb
ai/
A
2
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
673.40
308.64
378.79
42.09
>5000
300
<0.13
<0.06
<0.08
<0.01
2.24
1.03
1.26
0.14
Sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland
1.5
lb
ai/
A
2
appl
14
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
632.83
290.05
355.97
39.55
>5000
300
<0.13
<0.06
<0.07
<0.01
2.11
0.97
1.19
0.13
Asparagus
2
lb
ai/
A
5
appl
3
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
2138.64
980.21
1202.99
133.67
>5000
300
<0.43
<0.20
<0.24
<0.03
7.13
3.27
4.01
0.45
­148­
Broccoli,
Brussels
sprouts,
cabbage,
cauliflower,
collards,
mustard
greens,
celery,
lettuce,
parsley,
spinach,
beets,
potato,
carrot,
horseradish,
parsnip,
rutabaga,
salsify,
sorghum
2
lb
ai/
A
3
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
1261.64
578.25
709.67
78.85
>5000
300
<0.25
<0.12
<0.14
<0.02
4.21
1.93
2.37
0.26
Table
4.
Avian
acute
and
chronic
RQs
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
bobwhite
quail
LC50
of
>5000
ppm,
a
mallard
duck
NOAEC
of
300
ppm,
and
maximum
label
application
rates.

Uses
Appl.
Rate
No.
Appl.
Interval
Food
Items
Maximum
EEC
1
(ppm)
LC50
(ppm)
NOAEC
(ppm)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chron.
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Cucurbits
(cucumbers,
melons,
squash,
pumpkin),
trees
and
ornamentals
1
lb
ai/
A
6
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
1047.00
479.88
588.94
65.44
>5000
300
<0.21
<0.10
<0.12
<0.01
3.49
1.60
1.96
0.22
Solanaceous
(tomato,
pepper,
eggplant),
peanuts,
tobacco,
sweet
potato
2
lb
ai/
A
4
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
1578.32
723.40
887.80
98.64
>5000
300
<0.32
<0.14
<0.18
<0.02
5.26
2.41
2.96
0.33
Legumes
(beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
soybeans)
1.5
lb
ai/
A
4
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
1183.74
542.55
665.85
73.98
>5000
300
<0.24
<0.11
<0.13
<0.01
3.95
1.81
2.22
0.25
Small
fruits
&
berries
(grapes,
blueberry,
caneberry,
cranberry,
strawberry)
2
lb
ai/
A
5
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
1854.01
849.75
1042.88
115.88
>5000
300
<0.37
<0.17
<0.21
<0.02
6.18
2.83
3.48
0.39
Alfalfa,
clover
1.
5
lb
ai/
A
8
appl
30
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
796.72
365.16
448.15
49.79
>5000
300
<0.16
<0.07
<0.09
<0.01
2.66
1.22
1.49
0.17
Rangeland
1
lb
ai/
A
1
appl
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
240.00
110.00
135.00
15.00
>5000
300
<0.05
<0.02
<0.03
<0.00
0.80
0.37
0.45
0.05
Forested
areas
(non­
urban)
1
lb
ai/
A
2
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
448.93
205.76
252.52
28.06
>5000
300
<0.09
<0.04
<0.05
<0.01
1.5
0.69
0.84
0.09
Turfgrass
8
lb
ai/
A
2
appl
7
days
Short
grass
Tall
grass
Broadleaf
plants,
sm.
ins.
Fruit,
seeds,
lg.
insects
3591.46
1646.08
2020.19
224.47
5000
300
<0.72
<0.33
<0.40
<0.04
11.97
5.49
6.73
0.75
1
Predicted
maximum
residues
are
for
a
1
lb
a.
i./
a
application
rate
and
are
based
on
Hoerger
and
Kenaga
(1972)
as
modified
by
Fletcher
et
al.
(1994).
­149­
Table
5a.
Avian
acute
and
chronic
risk
quotients
1
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
based
on
a
bobwhite
quail
LC50
of
>5000
ppm
and,
a
mallard
duck
NOAEC
of
300
ppm,
and
QUA
average
application
rates
for
70
uses
Use
site
(Appl.
Rate
[lb
ai/
A],
No.
Applications,
Interval)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)
Use
Site
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50
)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Alfalfa
(1.
1,
1)
Almonds
(2.
1,
1)
Apples
(1.
2,
1)
Asparagus
(0.
9,
1)
Beans,
Dry
(0.
5,
1)
Beans,
Lima,
Fresh
(0.
9,
1)
Beans,
Snap,
Fresh
(0.
9,
2,
7)
Beans,
Snap,
Processed
(0.
7,
2,
7)
Beets
(0.
5,
1)
Blackberries
(1.
7,
1)
Blueberries
(1.
7,
1)
Broccoli
(0.
8,
1)
Brussels
Sprouts
(0.
9,
1)
Chinese
Cabbage
(0.
2,
1)
Fresh
Cabbage
(1.
0,
2,
7)
Cantaloupes
(0.
8,
1)
Carrots
(0.
9,
2,
7)
Cauliflower
(1.1,
1)
Celery
(1.
0,
2,
7)
Cherries
(1.
9,
1)
Citrus,
other
(1.
8,
2,
14)
Corn,
Field
(1.
0,
1)
Cranberries
(2.
0,
1)
Cucumbers
(1.1,
1)
Cucumbers,
Processed
(0.
6,
2,
7)
Eggplant
(1.
0,
2,
7)
Flax
(1.
1,
1)
Grapefruit
(1.
4,
2,
14)
Grapes
(1.
4,
2,
7)
Hay
(0.
8,
1)
Hazelnuts
(2.5,
1)
Lemons
(2.
7,
1)
Lettuce
(1.
1,
1)
Lots/
Farmsteads
(0.4,
2,
14)
Melons
(0.
7,
1)
<0.05
<0.10
<0.06
<0.04
<0.02
<0.04
<0.08
<0.06
<0.02
<0.08
<0.08
<0.04
<0.04
<0.01
<0.09
<0.04
<0.08
<0.05
<0.09
<0.09
<0.15
<0.05
<0.10
<0.05
<0.05
<0.09
<0.05
<0.12
<0.13
<0.04
<0.12
<0.13
<0.05
<0.04
<0.03
0.88
1.68
0.96
0.72
0.40
0.72
1.35
1.05
0.40
1.36
1.36
0.64
0.72
0.16
1.50
0.64
1.35
0.88
1.50
1.52
2.53
0.80
1.60
0.88
0.90
1.50
0.88
1.97
2.10
0.64
2.00
2.16
0.88
0.75
0.56
Nectarines
(3.8,
1)
Okra
(1.
9,
1)
Olives
(5.
3,
1)
Oranges
(3.
4,
1)
Pasture
(0.
9,
1)
Peaches
(1.0,
3,
7)
Peanuts
(0.
8,
1)
Pears
(1.
0,
1,
2
Pears,
Dry
(1.
0,
1)
Peas,
Green
(1.
5,
1)
Pecans
(1.4,
2)
Peppers,
Bell
(0.
9,
2)
Peppers,
Sweet
(1.
3,
1)
Pistachios
(3.6,
1)
Plums
(3.
8,
1)
Potatoes
(0.
8,
2)
Pumpkins
(2.
0,
2)
Raspberries
(2.
8,
1)
Rice
(1.
1,
1)
Sorghum
(1.
1,
1)
Soybeans
(0.
9,
1)
Squash
(1.
4,
1)
Strawberries
(1.
4,
2)
Sugar
Beets
(1.
3,
1)
Sunflower
(0.
7,
1)
Sweet
Corn,
Fresh
(1.
3,
3,
3)
Sweet
Potatoes
(1.
6,
1)
Tobacco
(1.1,
2,7)
Tomatoes,
Fresh
(0.
7,
3,
7)
Tomatoes,
Processed
(1.
2,
1)
Walnuts
(1.
9,
1)
Watermelons
(0.
5,
1)
Wheat,
Spring
(0.
6,
1)
Wheat,
Winter
(0.
8,
1)
Woodland
(0.
7,
1)
<0.18
<0.09
<0.25
<0.16
<0.04
<0.13
<0.04
<0.08
<0.05
<0.07
<0.13
<0.08
<0.06
<0.17
<0.18
<0.07
<0.18
<0.13
<0.05
<0.05
<0.04
<0.07
<0.13
<0.06
<0.02
<0.18
<0.08
<0.09
<0.09
<0.06
<0.09
<0.02
<0.03
<0.04
<0.02
3.04
1.52
4.24
2.72
0.72
2.10
0.64
1.41
0.80
1.20
2.10
1.35
1.04
2.88
3.04
1.20
2.99
2.24
0.88
0.88
0.72
1.12
2.10
1.04
0.32
2.94
1.28
1.50
1.47
0.96
1.52
0.40
0.48
0.64
0.32
1
Only
the
highest
RQs
­­
i.
e.
those
based
on
short
grass
EECs
­­
are
included
in
this
table.
­150­
Table
5b.
Avian
highest
acute
and
chronic
risk
quotients
1
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
based
on
a
bobwhite
quail
LC50
of
>5000
ppm
and,
a
mallard
duck
NOAEC
of
300
ppm,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
(Doane
data)
for
42
use
sites
Use
site
[appl.
rate
(lb
ai/
A),
No.
appl]
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)
Use
Site
[appl.
rate
(lb
ai/
A)
No.
appl]
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50
)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Alfalfa
(1.
5,
1)
Almonds
(4,
1)
Apples
(3.
2,
1)
Apricots
(4,
1)
Asparagus
(4,
1)
Beans,
Lima,
(1.
3,
1)
Beans,
snap
(1.
6,
1)
Cabbage
(2,
1)
Canola
(0.
5,
1)
Cantaloupe
(1.
2,
1)
Carrots
(0.
8,
1)
Cauliflower
(1,
1)
Celery
(2,
1)
Cherries
(5,
1)
Corn,
Field
(1.
5,
2,
14)
Cucumbers
(1,
1)
Grapefruit
(12.8,
1)
Grapes
(2.
5,
1)
Lemons
(8,
1)
Lettuce
(1,
1)
Oranges
(15,
1)
<0.07
<0.19
<0.15
<0.19
<0.19
<0.06
<0.08
<0.10
<0.02
<0.06
<0.04
<0.05
<0.10
<0.24
<0.13
<0.05
<0.61
<0.12
<0.38
<0.05
<0.72
1.2
3.2
2.6
3.2
3.2
1.0
1.3
1.6
0.4
1.0
0.6
0.8
1.6
4.0
2.1
0.8
10.2
2.0
6.4
0.8
12.0
Peaches
(5,1)
Peanuts
(2,
1)
Pears
(2,
1)
Pecans
(3,
2,
7)
Peppers
(2,
1)
Pistachios
(5,
1)
Plums
(4,
1)
Potatoes
(1.
5,
1)
Pumpkins
(1.
5,
1)
Rice
(1.
3,
1)
Sorghum
(0.
5,
1)
Squash
(1.
2,
1)
Sugar
Beets
(1.
2,
1)
Sunflower
(1,
1)
Strawberries
(2,
1)
Sweet
Corn
(1.
5,
2,
3)
Tobacco
(2,
1)
Tomatoes
(2,
1)
Walnuts
(4,
1)
Watermelons
(2,
1)
Wheat
(1,1)
<0.24
<0.10
<0.10
<0.27
<0.10
<0.24
<0.19
<0.07
<0.07
<0.06
<0.02
<0.06
<0.06
<0.05
<0.10
<0.14
<0.10
<0.10
<0.19
<0.10
<0.05
4.0
1.6
1.6
4.5
1.6
4.0
3.2
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.4
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.6
2.3
1.6
1.6
3.2
1.6
0.8
1
Only
the
highest
RQs
­­
i.
e.
those
based
on
short
grass
EECs
­­
are
included
in
this
table.

Risk
from
Exposure
to
Granular
Products
Birds
may
be
exposed
to
granular
pesticides
by
ingesting
granules
when
foraging
for
food
or
grit.
Birds
may
also
be
exposed
by
other
routes,
such
as
by
walking
on
exposed
granules
or
by
drinking
water
contaminated
with
granules.
The
number
of
lethal
doses
(LD50)
that
are
available
within
one
square
foot
immediately
after
application
(LD50/
ft2)
is
used
as
the
risk
quotient
for
granular/
bait
products.
Risk
quotients
are
calculated
for
birds
in
three
separate
weight
classes:
1000
g
(e.
g.
waterfowl),
180
g
(e.
g.
upland
gamebirds),
and
20
g
(e.
g.,
songbirds).

Based
on
a
rock
dove
LD50
of
1,000
mg/
kg
and
a
mallard
LD50
greater
than
2,000
mg/
kg,
technical
carbaryl
can
be
classified
as
slightly
to
practically
nontoxic
to
birds
on
an
acute
basis.
LD50
values
for
carbaryl
as
low
as
16.2
mg/
kg
and
56.2
mg/
kg
have
been
reported
for
the
starling
and
the
red­
winged
blackbird,
respectively
(Schafer
et
al.,
1983).
Although
these
data
are
based
on
simple
screening
tests,
and
are
therefore
not
reliable
for
risk
assessment
purposes,
they
do
suggest
that
passerine
birds
may
be
significantly
more
sensitive
to
carbaryl
exposure
than
non­
passerine
birds.
The
registrant
is
strongly
encouraged
to
submit
acute
oral
toxicity
tests
with
passerine
avian
species.
­151­
The
acute
RQs
for
granular
carbaryl
are
based
on
a
rock
dove
LD50
of
1,000
(Table
6).
The
avian
acute,
restricted
use,
and
endangered
species
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
20
g
weight
class,
for
all
granular
carbaryl
uses.
Although
for
most
uses
the
acute
LOC
is
not
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
two
higher
weight
classes,
for
the
trees/
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control
uses
the
avian
acute
risk
LOC
is
also
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
180
g
weight
class.
No
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
birds
in
the
1000
g
weight
class
for
any
of
the
granular
carbaryl
uses.

Table
6.
Avian
acute
risk
quotients
for
granular
carbaryl
(broadcast,
unincorporated)
based
on
LD50
for
rock
dove
(1,000
mg/
kg)

Uses
Rate
in
lb
ai/
A
LD50
(mg/
kg)
Body
Weight
(g)
Acute
RQ
1
(LD50/
ft
2
)

Asparagus,
Brassica
crops
(broccoli,
Brussels
sprouts,
cabbage,
cauliflower,
collards,
etc.),
corn
(field,
sweet),
sorghum,
Solanaceous
crops
(tomato,
pepper,
eggplant),
Leafy
vegetables
(celery,
endive,
lettuce,
parsley,
spinach,
etc.),
Roots
and
tubers
(garden
beets,
carrots,
radishes,
potatoes,
etc.),
strawberries
2
1000
1000
1000
20
180
1000
1.04
0.16
0.02
Cucurbits
(cucumber,
melon,
pumpkin,
squash)
1
1000
1000
1000
20
180
1000
0.52
0.06
0.01
Legumes
(
beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
southern
peas)
,
wheat,
millet,
sugar
beets
1.5
1000
1000
1000
20
180
1000
0.78
0.09
0.02
Trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
tick
control
9.
15
1000
1000
1000
20
180
1000
4.76
0.53
0.10
1
RQ
=
App.
Rate
(lb
ai/
a)
*
(453,590
mg/
lb/
43,560
ft
2
/a)
LD50
mg/
kg
*
Weight
of
Animal
(kg)

Mammalian
acute
and
chronic
risk
Estimating
the
potential
for
adverse
effects
to
wild
mammals
is
based
upon
EFED's
draft
1995
SOP
of
mammalian
risk
assessments
and
methods
used
by
Hoerger
and
Kenaga
(1972)
as
modified
by
Fletcher
et
al.
(1994).
The
concentration
of
carbaryl
in
the
diet
that
is
expected
to
be
acutely
lethal
to
50%
of
the
test
population
(LC50
)
is
determined
by
dividing
the
LD50
value
(usually
rat
LD50)
by
the
%
(decimal
of)
body
weight
consumed.
A
risk
quotient
is
then
determined
by
dividing
the
EEC
by
the
derived
LC50
value.
Risk
quotients
are
calculated
for
three
separate
weight
classes
of
mammals
(15,
35,
and
1000
g),
each
presumed
to
consume
four
different
kinds
of
food
(grass,
forage,
insects,
and
seeds).
The
acute
risk
quotients
for
broadcast
applications
of
nongranular
products
are
tabulated
below.

Risk
from
Exposure
to
Nongranular
Products
Short
grass
­152­
The
mammalian
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
registered
nongranular
carbaryl
uses,
at
maximum
label
application
rates,
for
short
grass
feeders
with
a
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
95%
and
66%
of
their
body
weight,
with
RQ
values
ranging
from
0.76
to
12.12
and
from
0.53
to
8.42,
respectively
(Table
7).
The
acute
risk
LOC
for
herbivores
consuming
daily
15%
of
their
body
weight
are
exceeded
for
all
uses
(RQs:
0.56
­
1.91),
except
for
the
rice,
sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland,
alfalfa,
clover,
and
rangeland
use
site
scenarios.

Broadleaf/
forage
plans
and
small
insects
The
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
for
small
mammals
feeding
on
broadleaf/
forage
plants
and
small
insects,
with
RQs
in
the
0.80
­
6.82
range
for
mammals
with
a
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
95%
of
their
body
weights.
It
is
also
exceeded
for
all
uses,
except
rangeland,
for
mammals
consuming
66%
of
their
body
weights
(RQs:
0.55
to
4.74).
For
mammals
consuming
15
%
of
their
body
weight,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
reached
or
exceeded
for
citrus,
olives,
pome
fruits,
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
asparagus,
small
fruits,
berries,
and
turfgrass
(RQs:
0.52
­
1.08).
RQs
equal
or
exceed
the
acute
restricted
use
or
the
endangered
species
LOCs
for
most
other
uses.

Fruit,
pods,
seeds,
and
large
insects
For
small
mammals
consuming
95%
of
these
food
items,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
citrus,
olives,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
and
turfgrass
(RQs:
0.62
­
0.76).
For
mammals
consuming
66%
of
their
body
weight
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
only
for
citrus
in
California
(RQ:
0.53).
For
mammals
that
consume
15%
of
their
body
weight,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
not
exceeded
for
any
use.
­153­
Table
7.
Mammalian
(herbivore/
insectivore)
acute
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
and
maximum
label
use
rates.

Uses,
Application
Rate,
No.
Applications,
Interval
Body
Weight
(g)
%
Body
Weight
Con_
sumed
LC50
(LD50/%
Body
Wt
Con_
sumed
EEC:
Short
Grass
(ppm)
EEC:
Forage
&
Small
Insects
(ppm)
EEC:
Fruit,
Seeds,
Lg
Insects
(ppm)
Acute
RQ:
Short
Grass
Acute
RQ:
Forage
&
Small
Insects
Acute
RQ:
Large
Insects
Citrus,
5
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
3320.98
3320.98
3320.98
1868.05
1868.05
1868.05
207.56
207.56
207.56
10.48
7.28
1.65
5.90
4.10
0.93
0.66
0.46
0.10
Citrus
(California),
16
lb
ai/
A,
1
appl
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
3840.00
3840.00
3840.00
2160.00
2160.00
2160.00
240.00
240.00
240.00
12.12
8.42
1.91
6.82
4.74
1.08
0.76
0.53
0.12
Olives,
7.5
lb
ai/
A
2
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
3164.15
3164.15
3164.15
1779.83
1779.83
1779.83
197.76
197.76
197.76
9.99
6.94
1.58
5.62
3.90
0.89
0.62
0.43
0.10
Pome
fruits
(apples,
etc.),
3
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
2230.10
2230.10
2230.10
1254.43
1254.43
1254.43
139.38
139.38
139.38
7.04
4.89
1.11
3.96
2.75
0.63
0.44
0.31
0.07
Stone
fruits
(peaches,
etc.),
4
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
2238.92
2238.92
2238.92
1259.39
1259.39
1259.39
139.93
139.93
139.93
7.07
4.91
1.12
3.97
2.76
0.63
0.44
0.31
0.07
Tree
nuts
(pistachios,
etc.),
5
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
3154.09
3154.09
3154.09
1774.18
1774.18
1774.18
197.13
197.13
197.13
9.95
6.92
1.57
5.60
3.89
0.88
0.62
0.43
0.10
Corn,
field,
2
lb
ai/
A
4
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
1328.39
1328.39
1328.39
747.22
747.22
747.22
83.02
83.02
83.02
4.19
2.91
0.66
2.36
1.64
0.37
0.26
0.18
0.04
Corn,
sweet,
2
lb
ai/
A
8
appl,
3
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
3148.03
3148.03
3148.03
1770.77
1770.77
1770.77
196.75
196.75
196.75
9.94
6.90
1.57
5.59
3.88
0.88
0.62
0.43
0.10
Rice
(tadpole
shrimp),
sunflower,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
673.40
673.40
673.40
378.79
378.79
378.79
42.09
42.09
42.09
2.13
1.48
0.34
1.20
0.83
0.19
0.13
0.09
0.02
Sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
632.83
632.83
632.83
355.97
355.97
355.97
39.55
39.55
39.55
2.00
1.39
0.32
1.12
0.78
0.18
0.12
0.09
0.02
Asparagus,
2
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl,
3
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
2138.64
2138.64
2138.64
1202.99
1202.99
1202.99
133.67
133.67
133.67
6.75
4.69
1.07
3.80
2.64
0.60
0.42
0.29
0.07
Cucurbits
(cucumbers
melons,
squash,
etc.),
trees
&
ornamentals,
1
lb
ai/
A,
6
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
1047.00
1047.00
1047.00
588.94
588.94
588.94
65.44
65.44
65.44
3.30
2.30
0.56
1.86
1.29
0.29
0.21
0.14
0.03
­154­
Solanaceous
(peppers,
tomatoes,
eggplant),
sweet
potatoes,
peanuts,
tobacco,
2
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
1578.32
1578.32
1578.32
887.80
887.80
887.80
98.64
98.64
98.64
4.98
3.46
0.79
2.80
1.95
0.44
0.31
0.22
0.05
Table
7.
Mammalian
(herbivore/
insectivore)
acute
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
and
maximum
label
use
rates.

Uses,
Application
Rate,
No.
Applications,
Interval
Body
Weight
(g)
%
Body
Weight
Con_
sumed
LC50
(LD50/%
Body
Wt
Con_
sumed
EEC:
Short
Grass
(ppm)
EEC:
Forage
&
Small
Insects
(ppm)
EEC:
Fruit,
Seeds,
Lg
Insects
(ppm)
Acute
RQ:
Short
Grass
Acute
RQ:
Forage
&
Small
Insects
Acute
RQ:
Large
Insects
Leafy
veg
(celery,
lettuce,
etc.),
Brassica
(broccoli,
cabbage,
etc.),
roots
&
tubers
(carrots,
potatoes,
etc.),
sorghum,
2
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
1261.64
1261.64
1261.64
709.67
709.67
709.67
78.85
78.85
78.85
3.98
2.77
0.63
2.24
1.56
0.35
0.25
0.17
0.04
Legumes
(beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas),
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
1183.74
1183.74
1183.74
665.85
665.85
665.85
73.98
73.98
73.98
3.74
2.60
0.59
2.10
1.46
0.33
0.23
0.16
0.04
Small
fruits
&
berries
(grapes,
strawberries,
etc.),
2
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
1854.01
1854.01
1854.01
1042.88
1042.88
1042.88
115.88
115.88
115.88
5.85
4.07
0.92
3.29
2.29
0.52
0.37
0.25
0.06
Alfalfa,
clover,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
10
appl,
30
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
796.72
796.72
796.72
448.15
448.15
448.15
49.79
49.79
49.79
2.53
1.76
0.40
1.42
0.99
0.22
0.16
0.11
0.02
Rangeland,
1
lb
ai/
A,
1
appl
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
240.00
240.00
240.00
135.00
135.00
135.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
0.76
0.53
0.12
0.43
0.30
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.01
Forested
areas
non
urban),
1
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
448.93
448.93
448.93
252.52
252.52
252.52
28.06
28.06
28.06
1.42
0.98
0.22
0.80
0.55
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.01
Turfgrass,
8
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
95
66
15
316.84
456.06
2006.67
3591.46
3591.46
3591.46
2020.19
2020.19
2020.19
224.47
224.47
224.47
11.34
7.87
1.79
6.38
4.43
1.01
0.71
0.49
0.11
Although
neither
the
acute
risk
nor
the
acute
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
granivores
for
any
of
the
nongranular
carbaryl
uses,
the
acute
endangered
species
LOC
is
reached
or
exceeded
for
citrus,
olives,
pome
and
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
and
turfgrass
(RQs:
0.10
­
0.16),
and
for
citrus,
olives,
tree
nuts,
sweet
corn,
and
turfgrass
(RQs:
0.10
­
0.12),
for
granivores
with
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
21%
and
15%
of
their
body
weight,
respectively
(Table
8).
No
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
granivores
which
consume
daily
3%
of
their
body
weight.
­155­
Table
8.
Mammalian
(granivore)
acute
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
and
maximum
label
use
rates.

Uses,
Application
Rate,
No.
Applications,
Interval
Body
Weight
(g)
%
Body
Weight
Consumed
LC50
(LD50
÷
%
Body
Weight
Consumed)
EEC:
Seeds
(ppm)
Acute
RQ:
Seeds
Citrus,
5
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
207.56
207.56
207.56
0.14
0.10
0.02
Citrus
(California),
16
lb
ai/
A,
1
appl
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
240.00
240.00
240.00
0.16
0.12
0.00
Olives,
7.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
197.76
197.76
197.76
0.14
0.10
0.02
Pome
fruits
(apple,
pear,
etc.),
3
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
139.38
139.38
139.38
0.10
0.07
0.01
Stone
fruits
(peach,
apricot,
etc.),
4
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
139.93
139.93
139.93
0.10
0.07
0.01
Tree
nuts
(pistachios,
etc.),
5
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
197.13
197.13
197.13
0.13
0.10
0.02
Corn,
field,
2
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
83.02
83.02
83.02
0.06
0.04
0.02
Corn,
sweet,
2
lb
ai/
A,
8
appl,
3
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
196.75
196.75
196.75
0.13
0.10
0.00
Rice,
sunflower,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
42.09
42.09
42.09
0.03
0.02
0.00
Sugar
beets,
wheat
&
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
14
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
39.55
39.55
39.55
0.03
0.02
0.00
Asparagus,
4
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
133.67
133.67
133.67
0.09
0.07
0.01
Brassica
crops
(broccoli,
cabbage,
etc.),
leafy
veg
(celery,
lettuce,
etc.),
Roots
&
tubers
(beets,
carrot,
potato,
etc.),
sorghum,
2
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
78.85
78.85
78.85
0.05
0.04
0.01
Cucurbits
(cucumbers,
melons,
squash,
etc.),
trees
and
ornamentals,
1
lb
ai/
A,
6
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
65.44
65.44
65.44
0.04
0.03
0.01
Solanaceous
(pepper,
tomato,
eggplant),
sweet
potato,
peanuts,
tobacco,
2
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
98.64
98.64
98.64
0.07
0.05
0.01
­156­
Legumes
(beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas),
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
73.98
73.98
73.98
0.05
0.04
0.01
Table
8.
Mammalian
(granivore)
acute
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
and
maximum
label
use
rates.

Uses,
Application
Rate,
No.
Applications,
Interval
Body
Weight
(g)
%
Body
Weight
Consumed
LC50
(LD50
÷
%
Body
Weight
Consumed)
EEC:
Seeds
(ppm)
Acute
RQ:
Seeds
Small
fruits
&
berries
(grapes,
strawberries,
etc.),
2
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
115.88
115.88
115.88
0.08
0.06
0.01
Alfalfa,
clover,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
10
appl,
30
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
49.79
49.79
49.79
0.03
0.02
0.00
Rangeland,
1
lb
ai/
A,
1
appl
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
15.00
15.00
15.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
Forested
areas
(non­
urban),
1
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
28.06
28.06
28.06
0.02
0.01
0.00
Turfgrass,
8
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
15
35
1000
21
15
3
1433.33
2000.67
10033.33
224.47
224.47
224.47
0.15
0.11
0.02
Assummarized
inTable9,at
maximumlabelapplicationrates,
themammalianchronicLOC
(1)
is
exceeded
for
all
registered
uses
of
nongranular
carbaryl
for
all
food
item
groups,
with
chronic
RQ
values
in
the
range
of:
3.0
­
48.0
(for
short
grasses),
1.4
­
22.0
(for
tall
grasses),
and
1.7
­
27.0
(for
broadleaf/
forage
plants,
small
insects).
The
mammalian
chronic
LOC
is
exceeded
for
the
fruits/
pods/
seeds/
large
insects
food
items
for
the
following
uses:
citrus,
olives,
pome
and
stone
fruits,
tree
nuts,
field
and
sweet
corn,
asparagus,
solanaceous
vegetable
crops,
sweet
potatoes,
peanuts,
tobacco,
small
fruits
and
berries,
and
turfgrass
(chronic
RQs
=
1.0
­
3.0).
­157­
Table
9.
Mammalian
chronic
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
developmental
rat
NOAEC
of
80
ppm
and
maximum
label
application
rates
Site,
Application
Rate,
Number
of
Applications,
Interval
Food
Items
Peak
Mean
EEC
(ppm)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC)/
NOAEC)

Citrus,
5
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
14
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
3320.98
1522.12
1868.05
207.56
41.51
19.03
23.35
2.59
Citrus
(California),
16
lb
ai/
A,
1
appl
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
3840.00
1760.00
2160.00
240.00
48.00
22.00
27.00
3.00
Olives,
7.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
14
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
3164.15
1450.23
1779.83
197.76
39.55
18.13
22.25
2.47
Pome
fruits
(apples,
etc.),
3
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl,
14
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
2230.10
1022.13
1254.43
139.38
27.88
12.78
15.68
1.74
Stone
fruits
(peaches,
etc.),
4
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
14
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
2238.92
1026.17
1259.39
139.93
27.99
12.83
15.74
1.75
Tree
nuts
(pistachios,
etc.),
5
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
3154.09
1445.62
1774.18
197.13
39.43
18.07
22.18
2.46
Corn,
field,
2
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
14
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
1328.39
608.85
747.22
83.02
16.60
7.61
9.34
1.04
Corn,
sweet,
2
lb
ai/
A,
8
appl,
3
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
3148.03
1442.85
1770.77
196.75
39.35
18.04
22.13
2.46
Rice,
sunflower,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
673.40
308.64
378.79
42.09
8.42
3.86
4.73
0.53
Asparagus,
2
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl,
3
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
2138.64
980.21
1202.99
133.67
26.73
12.25
15.04
1.67
Brassica
crops
(broccoli,
cabbage,
etc.),
leafy
veg
(celery,
lettuce,
etc.),
roots
&
tubers
(beets,
carrots,
potatoes,
etc.),
sorghum,
2
lb
ai/
A,
3
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
1261.64
578.25
709.67
78.85
15.77
7.23
8.87
0.99
­158­
Table
9.
Mammalian
chronic
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
nongranular
carbaryl
(broadcast)
based
on
a
developmental
rat
NOAEC
of
80
ppm
and
maximum
label
application
rates
Site,
Application
Rate,
Number
of
Applications,
Interval
Food
Items
Peak
Mean
EEC
(ppm)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC)/
NOAEC)

Cucurbits
(cucumbers
melons,
squash,
etc.),
trees
and
ornamentals,
1
lb
ai/
A,
6
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
1047.00
479.88
588.94
65.44
13.09
6.00
7.36
0.82
Solanaceous
(peppers,
tomatoes,
eggplant),
sweet
potatoes,
peanuts,
tobacco,
2
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
1578.32
723.40
887.80
98.64
19.73
9.04
11.10
1.23
Legumes
(beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas),
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
4
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
1183.74
542.55
665.85
73.98
14.80
6.78
8.32
0.92
Sugar
beets,
wheat,
millet,
flax,
pasture,
grasses,
noncropland
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
14
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
632.83
290.05
355.97
39.55
7.91
3.63
4.45
0.49
Small
fruits
&
berries
(grapes,
strawberries,
etc.),
2
lb
ai/
A,
5
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
1854.01
849.75
1042.88
115.88
23.18
10.62
13.04
1.45
Alfalfa,
clover,
1.5
lb
ai/
A,
8
appl,
30
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
796.72
365.16
448.15
49.79
9.96
4.56
5.60
0.62
Rangeland,
1
lb
ai/
A,
1
appl
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
240.00
110.00
135.00
15.00
3.00
1.38
1.69
0.19
Forested
areas
(non­
urban),
1
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
448.93
205.76
252.52
28.06
5.61
2.57
3.16
0.35
Turfgrass,
8
lb
ai/
A,
2
appl,
7
days
Short
Grass
Tall
Grass
Broad
Leaf
Seed
Fruit
3591.46
1646.08
2020.19
224.47
44.89
20.58
25.25
2.81
In
addition
to
maximum
label
use
rates,
mammalian
acute
and
chronic
RQs
were
also
calculated
for
nongranular
carbaryl
using
QUA
average
use
rates
data
available
for
for
70
uses
(Table
10a)
and
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
use
rates
data
available
for
42
uses
(Table
10b).

As
summarized
in
Table
10a,
when
RQs
are
based
on
QUA
average
rates,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
63
uses,
whereas
the
restricted
use
LOC
is
exceeded
for
69
uses
(not
exceeded
only
­159­
for
Chinese
cabbage),
and
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
70
uses.
The
chronic
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
69
uses
(not
exceeded
only
for
Chinese
cabbage).

Table
10a.
Mammalian
(herbivores)
highest
acute
and
chronic
risk
quotients
1
for
nongranular
carbaryl
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
ppm,
a
developmental
rat
NOAEC
of
80
ppm,
and
QUA
average
application
rates
for
70
uses
Use
site
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)
Use
Site
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Alfalfa
Almonds
Apples
Asparagus
Beans,
Dry
Beans,
Lima,
Fresh
Beans,
Snap,
Fresh
Beans,
Snap,
Processed
Beets
Blackberries
Blueberries
Broccoli
Brussels
Sprouts
Chinese
Cabbage
Fresh
Cabbage
Cantaloupes
Carrots
Cauliflower
Celery
Cherries
Citrus,
other
Corn,
Field
Cranberries
Cucumbers
Cucumbers,
Processed
Eggplant
Flax
Grapefruit
Grapes
Hay
Hazelnuts
Lemons
Lettuce
Lots/
Farmsteads
Melons
0.84
1.59
0.91
0.68
0.38
0.68
1.28
0.99
0.38
1.28
1.28
0.60
0.68
0.15
1.42
0.60
1.28
0.84
1.42
1.44
2.40
0.75
1.52
0.84
0.85
1.42
0.84
1.87
1.98
0.60
1.90
2.05
0.84
0.70
0.53
3.30
6.30
4.11
2.70
1.50
2.70
5.05
3.93
1.50
5.10
5.10
2.40
2.70
0.60
5.61
2.40
5.05
3.30
5.61
5.70
9.49
3.00
6.00
3.30
3.37
5.61
3.30
7.38
7.86
2.40
7.50
8.10
3.30
2.80
2.10
Nectarines
Okra
Olives
Oranges
Pasture
Peaches
Peanuts
Pears
Pears,
Dry
Peas,
Green
Pecans
Peppers,
Bell
Peppers,
Sweet
Pistachios
Plums
Potatoes
Pumpkins
Raspberries
Rice
Sorghum
Soybeans
Squash
Strawberries
Sugar
Beets
Sunflower
Sweet
Corn,
Fresh
Sweet
Potatoes
Tobacco
Tomatoes,
Fresh
Tomatoes,
Processed
Walnuts
Watermelons
Wheat,
Spring
Wheat,
Winter
Woodland
2.88
1.44
4.02
2.58
0.68
1.99
0.60
1.34
0.75
1.13
1.98
1.28
0.99
2.72
2.88
1.13
2.84
2.12
0.84
0.84
0.68
1.06
1.98
0.99
0.31
2.78
1.21
1.42
1.40
0.91
1.44
0.38
0.46
0.60
0.31
11.40
5.70
15.90
10.20
2.70
7.89
2.40
5.27
3.00
4.50
7.86
5.05
3.90
10.80
11.40
4.49
11.22
8.40
3.30
3.30
2.70
4.20
7.86
3.90
2.10
11.04
4.80
5.61
5.52
3.60
5.70
1.50
1.80
2.40
2.10
1
Only
the
highest
RQs
­­
i.
e.
those
corresponding
to
15
g
mammals
which
have
a
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
95%
of
their
body
weight
and
based
on
short
grass
EECs
­­
are
included
in
this
table.

When
RQs
are
calculated
using
maximum
reported
application
rates,
the
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
41
of
the
42
uses
(RQs:
0.60
­
11.36).
The
restricted
use,
endangered
species,
and
chronic
(RQs:
1.5
­
45)
risk
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
all
42
uses
(Table
10b).
­160­
Table
10b
Mammalian
(herbivores)
highest
acute
and
chronic
risk
quotients
1
for
nongranular
carbaryl
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
ppm
and,
a
developmental
rat
NOAEC
of
80
ppm,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
(Doane
data)
for
42
uses
Use
site
[appl.
rate
(lb
ai/
A),
No.
appl]
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)
Use
Site
[appl.
rate
(lb
ai/
A)
No.
appl]
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Alfalfa
(1.
5,
1)
Almonds
(4,
1)
Apples
(3.
2,
1)
Apricots
(4,
1)
Asparagus
(4,
1)
Beans,
Lima
(1.
3,
1)
Beans,
snap
(1.
6,
1)
Cabbage
(2,
1)
Canola
(0.
5,
1)
Cantaloupe
(1.
2,
1)
Carrots
(0.
8,
1)
Cauliflower
(1,
1)
Celery
(2,
1)
Cherries
(5,
1)
Corn,
Field
(1.
5,
2,
14)
Cucumbers
(1,
1)
Grapefruit
(12.8,
1)
Grapes
(2.
5,
1)
Lemons
(8,
1)
Lettuce
(1,
1)
Oranges
(15,
1)
1.13
3.03
2.43
3.03
3.03
0.99
1.21
1.52
0.38
0.91
0.60
0.75
1.53
3.78
2.00
0.75
9.70
1.90
6.06
0.75
11.36
4.5
12.0
9.62
12.0
12.0
3.9
4.8
6.0
1.5
3.6
2.4
3.0
6.0
15.0
7.9
3.0
38.4
7.5
24.0
3.0
45.0
Peaches
(5,
1)
Peanuts
(2,
1)
Pears
(2,
1)
Pecans
(3,
2,
7)
Peppers
(2,
1)
Pistachios
(5,
1)
Plums
(4,
1)
Potatoes
(1.
5,
1)
Pumpkins
(1.
5,
1)
Rice
(1.
3,
1)
Sorghum
(0.
5,
1)
Squash
(1.
2,
1)
Sugar
Beets
(1.
2,
1)
Sunflower
(1,
1)
Strawberries
(2,
1)
Sweet
Corn
(1.
5,
2,
3)
Tobacco
(2,
1)
Tomatoes
(2,
1)
Walnuts
(4,
1)
Watermelons
(2,
1)
Wheat
(1,1)
3.78
1.52
1.52
4.25
1.52
3.78
3.03
1.13
1.13
0.99
0.38
0.91
0.91
0.75
1.52
2.20
1.52
1.52
3.03
1.52
0.75
15.0
6.0
6.0
16.8
6.0
15.0
12.0
4.5
4.5
3.9
1.5
3.6
3.6
3.0
6.0
8.7
6.0
6.0
12.0
6.0
3.0
1
Only
the
highest
RQs
­­
i.
e.
those
corresponding
to
15
g
mammals
which
have
a
daily
food
consumption
equal
to
95%
of
their
body
weight
and
based
on
short
grass
EECs
­­
are
included
in
this
table.

Risk
to
Granular
Products
Mammals
also
may
be
exposed
to
granular/
bait
pesticides
through
ingestion
and
by
other
routes,
such
as
by
walking
on
exposed
granules
or
by
drinking
water
contaminated
with
granules.
The
number
of
lethal
doses
(LD50)
that
are
available
within
one
square
foot
immediately
after
application
(LD50/
ft2)
is
used
as
the
risk
quotient
for
granular/
bait
products.
Risk
quotients
are
calculated
for
small
mammals
in
three
weight
classes:
15
g,
35
g,
and
1000
g.

The
acute
level
of
concern
is
exceeded
for
mammals
in
the
15
g
and
35
g
categories
for
all
40
registered
granular
uses
(Table
11).
For
1000
g
mammals,
the
restricted
use
and
endangered
species
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
applications
to
trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
and
tick
control.
­161­
Table
11.
Mammalian
acute
risk
quotients
for
granular
carbaryl
(broadcast,
unincorporated)
based
on
a
rat
LD50
of
301
mg/
kg
Uses
Rate
in
lb
ai/
A
Body
Weight
(g)
Acute
RQ
1
(LD50/
ft
2
)

Asparagus,
Brassica
crops
(broccoli,
cabbage,
cauliflower,
collards,
etc.),
corn
(field,
sweet),
sorghum,
solanaceous
crops
(tomato,
pepper,
eggplant),
leafy
vegetables
(celery,
lettuce,
parsley,
spinach,
etc.),
roots
&
tubers
(beets,
carrots,
radishes,
potatoes,
etc.),
strawberries
2
15
35
1000
4.61
1.98
0.07
Cucurbits
(cucumber,
melon,
pumpkin,
squash)
1
15
35
1000
2.30
0.99
0.03
Legumes
(
beans,
peas,
lentils,
cowpeas,
southern
peas),
Wheat,
millet,
Sugar
beets
1.5
15
35
1000
3.45
1.48
0.05
Trees
and
ornamentals,
turfgrass,
tick
control
9.
15
15
35
1000
21.10
9.04
0.32
1
RQ
=
Appl.
rate
(lb
ai/
a)
*
(453,590
mg/
lb/
43,560
ft
2
/a)
LD50
mg/
kg
*
weight
of
animal
(kg)

Insects
Currently
EFED
does
not
assess
risk
to
nontarget
insects.
However,
data
from
acceptable
studies
are
used
to
recommend
appropriate
label
precautions.
Carbaryl,
is
highly
toxic
to
domestic
and
wild
bees
and
should
be
applied
only
under
the
conditions
specified
by
the
latest
pollinator
protection
label
language.
Carbaryl
has
also
been
shown
to
be
from
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
predaceous
and
parasitic
arthropods,
including
lace
bugs,
big
eyed
bugs,
lady
beetles,
carabid
ground
beetles,
hymenopterous
parasitoids,
predaceous
mites,
and
spiders.

Terrestrial
Plants
There
in
no
data
to
assess
risk
to
terrestrial
plants.
However,
based
on
precautionary
label
language
about
potential
injury
to
several
crop
plants,
the
registrant
needs
to
submit
tier
I
and,
if
necessary,
tier
II
Seed
Germination
and
Seedling
Emergence
and
Vegetative
Vigor
studies.

Exposure
and
Risk
to
Nontarget
Aquatic
Animals
EFED
calculates
estimated
environmental
concentrations
(EECs)
using
the
PRZM/
EXAMS
model.
The
EECs
are
used
for
assessing
acute
and
chronic
risks
to
aquatic
organisms.
Acute
risk
assessments
are
performed
using
peak
EEC
values
for
single
and
multiple
applications.
Chronic
risk
assessments
are
performed
using
the
21­
day
EECs
for
invertebrates
and
56­
day
EECs
for
fish.

The
PRZM/
EXAMS
program
uses
basic
environmental
fate
data
and
pesticide
label
application
information
to
estimate
the
expected
EECs
following
treatment
of
10
hectares.
The
­162­
model
calculates
the
concentration
(EEC)
of
a
pesticide
in
a
one
hectare,
two
meter
deep
pond,
taking
into
account
the
following:
(1)
adsorption
to
soil
or
sediment,
(2)
soil
incorporation,
(3)
degradation
in
soil
before
washoff
to
a
water
body,
and
(4)
degradation
within
the
water
body.
The
model
also
accounts
for
direct
deposition
of
spray
drift
into
the
water
body
(assumed
to
be
1%
and
5%
of
the
application
rate
for
ground
and
aerial
applications,
respectively).
The
environmental
fate
parameters
used
in
the
model
for
this
pesticide
are:
soil
KOC
211,
solubility:
32
mg/
L,
aerobic
soil
metabolism
half­
life
of
4
days,
hydrolysis:
stable
at
pH
5,
12
days
at
pH
7,
5
hrs
at
Ph9,
water
photolysis21days,
aerobicaquaticmetabolismhalf­
life:4.9,
anaerobicaquaticmetabolismhalf­
life:
4.9
days.
EECs
are
tabulated
in
Table
12.

Table12.Tier
IIsurfacewaterestimated
environmentalconcentration(EEC)values
derivedfromPRZM/EXAMS
modeling
for
use
in
ecorisk
assessment
(Calculated
using
standard
pond.)

Use
Site,
Application
Method
Number
of
Applications
Per
Year
Application
Rate
(Pounds
A.
I.
per
Application)
Surface
Water
Acute
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year
peak
single
day
concentration)
21
day
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year)
60
day
(ppb)
(1
in
10
year)

Sweet
Corn
(OH),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
8
2
3
2
3.4
1
46
16
14
26
10
8
21
5
4
Field
Corn
(OH),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
4
2
2
2
1
1.5
28
12
18
16
6
9.5
10
3
5
Apples
(OR),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
5
2
2
2
1.2
1.6
8.6
4.5
6.0
4.9
2.5
3
4
1
2
Sugar
Beets
(MN),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
2
1
1
1.5
1.5
1.2
19
14
11
11
7
5
5
3
2
Citrus
(FL),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Maximum
Reported
4
2
3
5
3.4
4.3
274
145
232
137
67
112
79
33
55
Freshwater
Fish
Acuteand
chronicriskquotientsfor
freshwaterfish,basedon
maximumlabel,QUAaverage,
and
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
use
rates
are
tabulated
in
Table
13.
The
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
only
for
the
citrus
scenario,
for
all
three
use
rates
modeled,
whereas
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
met
or
exceeded
for
four
scenarios,
for
all
three
use
rates.
The
chronic
risk
LOC
is
is
not
exceeded
for
any
use
scenario,
for
any
use
rates.
­163­
Table
13.
Risk
quotients
for
freshwater
fish
based
on
an
Atlantic
salmon
LC50
of
250
ppb
and
a
fathead
minnow
NOAEC
of
210
ppb,
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
Site/
Appl.
Method
Use
Rates
LC50
(ppb)
NOAEC
(ppb)
EEC
Initial/
Peak
(ppb)
EEC
60­
Day
Ave.
(ppb)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
LC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Sweet
Corn
(OH),
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
250
210
46
16
14
21
5
4
0.18
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.02
0.02
Field
Corn
(OH)
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
250
210
28
12
18
10
3
5
0.11
0.05
0.07
0.05
0.01
0.02
Apples
(OR)
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
250
210
8.6
4.5
6.0
4
1
2
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
Sugar
Beets
(MN)
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
250
210
19
14
11
5
3
2
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
Citrus
(FL)
air/
ground
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
250
210
274
145
232
79
33
55
1.10
0.58
0.93
0.38
0.16
0.26
The
risk
quotients
for
freshwater
invertebrates
exceed
both
the
acute
and
chronic
LOCs
for
all
five
use
scenarios
modeled,
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
rates,
and
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
use
rates
(Table
14).

Table
14.
Risk
quotients
for
freshwater
invertebrates
based
on
a
stonefly
EC50
of
1.7
ppb
and
a
water
flea
NOAEC
of
1.5
ppb
,
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
Site/
Appl.
Method
Use
Rates
EC50
(ppb)
NOAEC
(ppb)
EEC
Initial/
Peak
(ppb)
EEC
21­
Day
Ave.
(ppb)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
EC50)
Chronic
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Sweet
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1.7
1.5
46
16
14
26
10
8
27.06
9.40
8.20
17.33
6.67
5.33
Field
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1.7
1.5
28
12
18
16
6
9.5
16.47
7.06
10.59
10.67
4.00
6.33
Apples
(OR)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1.7
1.5
8.
6
4.5
6.0
4.9
2.5
3
5.06
2.65
3.30
3.27
1.67
2.00
Sugar
Beets
(MN)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
rep
1.7
1.5
19
14
11
11
7
5
11.18
8.24
6.47
7.33
4.67
3.33
Citrus
(FL)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1.7
1.5
274
145
232
137
67
112
161.18
85.29
136.47
91.33
44.67
74.67
­164­
Estuarine
and
Marine
Animals
The
acute
risk
LOC
is
not
exceeded
for
any
of
the
five
use
scenarios
modeled
using
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
rates,
and
maximum
reported
rates
(Table
15).
The
acute
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
at
maximum
label
rates
for
the
citrus
scenario.
Due
to
the
unavailability
of
core
chronic
toxicity
data,
it
is
not
possible
to
evaluate
chronic
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
at
this
time.

Table
15.
Acute
risk
quotients
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
based
on
a
sheepshead
minnow
LC50
of
2.6
ppm
and
label
maximum
and
QUA
average
use
rates,
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
Site/
Appl.
Method
Use
Rates
LC50
(ppb)
EEC
Initial/
Peak
(ppb)
(Max
Rates)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
EC50)

Sweet
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
2600
46
16
14
0.02
0.01
0.00
Field
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
2600
28
12
18
0.01
0.00
0.01
Apples
(OR)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
2600
8.6
4.5
6.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
Sugar
Beets
(MN)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
rep
2600
19
14
11
0.00
0.00
0.00
Citrus
(FL)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
2600
274
145
232
0.10
0.06
0.09
The
acute
risk
LOC
is
exceeded
for
all
five
carbaryl
use
scenarios
modeled
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
rates,
and
maximum
reported
(Doane
data)
rates
(Table
16).
Due
to
the
unavailability
of
core
chronic
toxicity
data,
it
is
not
possible
to
evaluate
chronic
risk
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
or
invertebrates
at
this
time.
­165­
Table
16.
Acute
risk
quotients
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
based
on
a
mysid
LC50
of
5.7
ppb
and
three
sets
of
use
rates,
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
Site/
Appl.
Method
Use
Rates
LC50
(ppb)
EEC
Initial/
Peak
(ppb)
(Max
Rates)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
EC50)
(Max
Rates)

Sweet
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
5.7
46
16
14
8.07
2.81
2.46
Field
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
5.7
28
12
18
4.91
2.10
3.16
Apples
(OR)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
5.7
8.
6
4.5
6.0
1.51
0.79
1.05
Sugar
Beets
(MN)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
rep
5.7
19
14
11
3.33
2.46
1.93
Citrus
(FL)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
5.7
274
145
232
48.07
25.44
40.70
Aquatic
Plants
Exposure
to
nontarget
aquatic
plants
may
occur
through
runoff
or
spray
drift
from
adjacent
treated
sites
or
directly
from
such
uses
as
aquatic
weed
or
mosquito
larvae
control.
An
aquatic
plant
risk
assessment
for
acute
risk
is
usually
made
for
aquatic
vascular
plants
from
the
surrogate
duckweed
Lemna
gibba.
Non­
vascular
acute
risk
assessments
are
performed
using
either
algae
or
a
diatom,
whichever
is
the
most
sensitive
species.
An
aquatic
plant
risk
assessment
for
acuteendangered
species
is
usually
made
for
aquatic
vascular
plants
from
the
surrogate
duckweed
Lemna
gibba.
To
date,
there
are
no
known
non­
vascular
plant
species
on
the
endangered
species
list.
Runoff
and
drift
exposure
is
computed
from
GENEEC.
The
risk
quotient
is
determined
by
dividing
the
pesticide's
initial
or
peak
concentration
in
water
by
the
plant
EC50
value.

Based
on
a
single
core
aquatic
plant
toxicity
study
available,
neither
the
acute
risk
nor
the
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
any
of
the
five
use
scenarios
modeled,
at
maximum
label,
QUA
average,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
(Table
17).
However,
to
fully
assess
carbaryl
risk
to
aquatic
plants,
it
is
recommended
that
toxicity
studies
with
Lemna
gibba,
Anabaena
flos­
aquae,
Skeletonema
costatum,
and
a
freshwater
diatom
be
submitted.
­166­
Table
17.
Risk
quotients
for
aquatic
plants
based
on
a
green
alga
EC50
of
1,1
ppm
and
a
NOAEC
of
0.37
ppm,
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
maximum
reported
use
rates
Site/
Appl.
Method
Use
Rates
EC50
(ppb)
NOAEC
(ppb)
EEC
Initial/
Peak
(ppb)
Acute
RQ
(EEC/
EC50)
Acute
Endangered
Species
RQ
(EEC/
NOAEC)

Sweet
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1100
370
46
16
14
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.12
0.04
0.04
Field
Corn
(OH)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1100
370
28
12
18
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.03
0.05
Apples
(OR)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1100
370
8.6
4.5
6.0
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.02
Sugar
Beets
(MN)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
rep
1100
370
19
14
11
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.03
Citrus
(FL)
Maximum
"Average"
Max
Rep
1100
370
274
145
232
0.25
0.13
0.21
0.74
0.39
0.63
Endangered
Species
The
endangered
species
LOC
for
birds
is
met
or
exceeded
for
72
of
74
nongranular
carbaryl
uses
at
maximum
label
use
rates,
for
18
of
70
carbaryl
uses
at
QUA
average
use
rates,
and
for
25
of
42
maximum
reported
use
rates.

The
acute
endangered
species
LOC
for
mammals
is
met
or
exceeded
for
all
(74)
uses
at
maximum
label
rates,
it
is
exceeded
for
all
(70)
uses
at
QUA
average
rates,
and
it
is
exceeded
for
all
(42)
uses
at
maximum
reported
use
rates.

Based
on
five
use
scenarios
modeled
(sweet
corn,
field
corn,
apples,
sugar
beets,
and
citrus)
for
assessing
risk
to
aquatic
organisms,
the
freshwater
fish
endangered
species
LOC
is
met
or
exceeded
for
four
use
scenarios,
at
maximumlabel,
QUA
average,
and
maximumreported
use
rates.
The
estuarine/
marine
fish
endangered
species
LOC
is
exceeded
for
one
scenario
(citrus),
at
all
three
use
rates
modeled.
The
endangered
species
LOC
for
both
freshwater
and
estuarine/
marine
aquatic
invertebrates
is
exceeded
for
all
five
scenarios
and
all
three
use
rates
modeled.

These
data
indicate
that
over
half
of
carbaryl
uses
pose
an
acute
risk
to
endangered
species
of
birds,
while
all
uses
represent
an
acute
risk
to
endangered
species
of
mammals.
With
regard
to
aquatic
species,
most
carbaryl
uses
are
likely
to
present
an
acute
risk
to
endangered
species
of
freshwater
fish
and
aquatic
invertebrates,
both
freshwater
and
marine/
estuarine
species.
Only
the
highest
use
rates
(citrus)
are
likely
to
pose
an
acute
risk
to
endangered
species
of
marine/
estuarine
fish.
­167­
Appendix
C:
Toxicity
Assessment
Toxicity
Assessment
Toxicity
testing
reported
in
this
section
is
not
representative
of
the
wide
diversity
of
terrestrial
and
aquatic
organisms
in
the
United
States.
Two
surrogate
bird
species,
the
bobwhite
quail
and
the
mallard
duck,
are
used
to
represent
the
680+
species
of
birds
found
in
this
country.
For
mammals,
acute
studies
are
usually
limited
to
the
Norway
rat
or
the
house
mouse.
Reptiles
are
not
tested,
as
these
are
assumed
to
be
subject
to
similar
toxicological
effects
as
birds.
Of
approximately
100,000
species
of
insects,
spiders,
and
other
terrestrial
arthropods,
toxicity
tests
are
usually
required
only
for
the
honey
bee.
Only
two
surrogate
fish
species
(rainbow
trout
and
bluegill
sunfish)
are
used
to
represent
the
over
2,000
species
of
freshwater
fish
found
in
this
country.
Amphibians
are
not
tested,
as
these
are
assumed
to
be
subject
to
similar
toxicological
effects
as
fish.
One
crustacean,
the
water
flea,
is
used
to
represent
all
freshwater
invertebrates.
Estuarine/
marine
animal
acute
toxicity
testing
is
usually
limited
to
a
crustacean,
a
mollusk,
and
a
fish.

Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Animals
Birds,
Acute
and
Subacute
Toxicity
Based
on
a
rock
dove
lower
95%
confidence
interval
LD50
of
1,000
mg/
kg
and
a
mallard
LD50
greater
than
2,000
mg/
kg,
technical
carbaryl
can
be
classified
as
slightly
to
practically
nontoxic
to
birds
on
an
acute
basis
(Table
1).
LD50
values
for
carbaryl
as
low
as
16.2
mg/
kg
and
56.2
mg/
kg
have
been
reported
for
the
starling
and
the
red­
winged
blackbird,
respectively
(Schafer
et
al.,
1983).
Although
these
data
are
based
on
simple
screening
tests,
and
are
therefore
not
reliable
for
risk
assessment
purposes,
they
do
suggest
that
passerine
birds
may
be
significantly
more
sensitive
to
carbaryl
exposure
than
non­
passerine
birds.
The
registrant
is
strongly
encouraged
to
submit
acute
oral
toxicity
tests
with
passerine
avian
species.
The
guideline
71­
1
is
fulfilled
(MRID
00160000).
­168­
Table
1.
Summary
of
avian
acute
oral
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
LD50
(mg/
kg)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
1
Mallard
Duck
(Anas
platyrhynchos)
85
>
2,564
Practically
non­
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Core
Canada
Goose
Branta
canadensis
50
1,790
Slightly
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Supplemental
Ring­
necked
Pheasant
male
(Phasianus
colchicus)
95
>
2,000
Practically
non­
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Supplemental
Ring­
necked
Pheasant
female
(Phasianus
colchicus)
480g/
L
707
Moderately
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Supplemental
Sharp­
tailed
grouse
Tympanuchus
phasianellus
85
<
1000
Slightly
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Supplemental
California
quail
Lophortyx
californicus
480
g/
L
>
2000
Practically
non­
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Supplemental
Rock
Dove
(Columba
livia)
85
1,000
­
3000
2
Slightly
toxic
to
Practically
non­
toxic
00160000
Hudson
et
al.
(1984)
Supplemental
1
Core
study
satisfies
guideline
requirements.
Supplemental
study
is
scientifically
sound,
but
does
not
satisfy
guidelines.
2
95%
confidence
interval
Two
subacute
dietary
studies
using
the
TGAI
are
required
to
establish
the
toxicity
of
carbaryl
to
birds.
The
preferred
test
species
are
mallard
duck
and
bobwhite
quail.
Results
of
these
tests
are
summarized
in
Table
2.
The
LC50
is
higher
than
5000
ppm
for
both
species.
Therefore,
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
practically
nontoxic
to
avian
species
on
a
subacute
dietary
basis.
An
LC50
greater
than
10,000
ppm
has
been
reported
by
Hill
and
Camardese
(1986),
confirming
that
carbaryl's
low
toxicity
to
birds
on
a
subacture,
dietary
basis.
The
guideline
71­
2
is
fulfilled
(MRID
00028757,
00022923).

Table
2
:
Summary
of
avian
subacute
dietary
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
5­
Day
LC50
(ppm)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Ring­
necked
Pheasant
(Phasianus
calchicus)
99.8
>
5,000
practically
non­
toxic
00028757
Hill
et
al.
(1975)
Core
Northern
bobwhite
Quail
(Colinus
virginianus)
99.8
>
5,000
Practically
non­
toxic
00028757
Hill
et
al.
(1975)
Core
Japanese
Quail
(Coturnix
japonica)
99.8.
>
5,000
Practically
non­
toxic
00022923
Hill
et
al.
(1975)
Supplemental
Mallard
Duck
(Anas
platyrhynchos)
99.8
>
5000
Practically
non­
toxic
00022923
Hill
et
al.
(1975)
Core
According
to
the
Ecological
Incident
Information
System
(EIIS)
database
summarizing
6(
a)
2
incident
reports,
bird
kills
attributed
to
carbaryl
and
involving
blackbirds,
ducks,
starlings,
grackles
­169­
turkey,
and
cardinals
have
been
reported
in
Pennsylvania,
Virginia,
New
Jersey,
North
Carolina
and
Michigan
(#
1002048­
001,
#1000802­
001,
#1007720­
020,
##
1000799­
003,
#1004375­
004)
.

Birds,
Chronic
Toxicity
Exposure
to
carbaryl
at
levels
equal
to
or
greater
than
1000
ppm
in
the
mallard
duck
results
in
adverse
reproductive
effects,
such
as
decreased
number
of
eggs
produced,
increased
number
of
cracked
eggs,
and
decreased
fertility
(Table
3).
Guideline
71­
4
is
fulfilled
(ACC263701;
MRID
00160044).

Table
3.
Summary
of
avian
reproduction
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
NOAEC
(ppm)
LOAC
Endpoints
MRID.
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Northern
bobwhite
Quail
(Colinus
virginianus)
99.9
>
3,000
N/
A
00160044
Fletcher
(1986)
Core
Mallard
Duck
(Anas
platyrhynchos)
99.9
300
Number
of
eggs
produced
ACC263701
Fletcher
(1986)
Core
Mammals,
Acute
and
Chronic
As
shown
in
Table
4,
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
moderately
toxic
to
small
mammals
on
an
acute
oral
basis
(LD50
=
301
mg/
kg).
Although
at
this
time
two­
generation
rat
reproduction
study
data
are
not
available,
a
LOAEC
of
600
ppm
and
a
NOAEC
of
80
ppm,
based
on
decreased
fetal
body
weights
and
increased
incomplete
ossification
of
multiple
bones
(from
a
rat
prenatal
development
study,
MRID#
44732901),
suggest
that
carbaryl
has
the
potential
for
chronic
effects
in
mammals.

Table
4.
Summary
of
mammalian
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
Test
Type
Toxicity
Value
Affected
Endpoints
MRID
No.

Laboratory
Rat
(Rattus
norvegicus)
99.0%
Acute
oral
LD50
=
301.0
mg/
kg
Morbidity
00148500
Laboratory
Rat
(Rattus
norvegicus)
99.0%
Prenatal
Development
NOAEC/
LOAEC
80
/
600
ppm
Decreased
fetal
body
weights
and
incomplete
ossification
of
multiple
bones
44732901
Domestic
Dog
(Canis
familiaris)
99.0%
Chronic
NOAEC/
LOAEC
45
/
125
ppm
Decreased
plasma
cholinesterase
40166701
42022801
Incidents
involving
small
mammal
kills
(squirrels,
ground
squirrel,
mole,
rabbit)
have
been
recorded
in
South
Carolina
and
Virginia
(#
1000504­
039,
#1000504­
039).
­170­
Insect
Toxicity
Technical
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
highly
toxic
to
bees
on
an
acute
contact
basis
(Table
5).
Guideline
141­
1
is
fulfilled
(MRID
00036935,
05001991,
05004151).

Table
5.
Summary
of
honey
bee
acute
contact
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
Contact
LD50
(µg/
bee)
Oral
LC50
(µg/
bee)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Honey
Bee
(Apis
mellifera)
tech.
1.
3
0.14
Highly
toxic
05001991
Stevenson
(1978)
Core
Honey
Bee
(Apis
mellifera)
tech
2.0
­­­
Highly
toxic
00036935
Atkins
et
al.
(1975)
Core
Honey
Bee
(Apis
mellifera)
tech
1.1
0.
11
Highly
toxic
05004151
Stevenson
(1968)
Core
The
topical
LD50
for
alfalfa
leaf­
cutter
bee
(Megachile
pacifica
=
M.
rotundata)
=
262.4
µg/
g
(05015678)
(
Lee
&
Brindley
1974).
However,
exposing
leaf­
cutter
bees
(Megachilidae),
alkali
bees
(Halictidae),
and
honey
bees
(Apidae)
to
24
hr
residues
from
80%
WP
carbaryl
applied
at
the
rate
of
1
lb/
acre
resulted,
respectively,
in
a
85%,
78%,
and
69%
mortality
rate
(Johansen
1972)
(ID
#05000837).
Some
carbaryl
formulations
can
be
highly
toxic
to
bees
exposed
to
direct
application,
i.
e.
when
bees
are
actively
visiting
blooming
crops
or
weeds.
Residual
toxicity
varies
with
the
crops
and
weather
conditions.

Carbaryl
can
also
be
from
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
predaceous
arthropods.
These
include
lace
bugs
(Nabidae)
(MRID
#05010807),
big
eyed
bugs
(Geocoridae:
Geocoris)
(MRID
#05010807,
),
lady
beetles
(Coccinellidae:
Coccinella,
Cryptolaemus,
Hippodamia,
Lindorus,
Rhodolia,
Stethorus)
(MRID
#05013372,
05003978,
05005640),
ground
beetles
(Carabidae:
Scarites,
Pterostichus,
Bembidion,
Harpalus)
(MRID
#05008149),
hymenopterous
parasitoids
(Aphytis,
Metaphycus,
Spalangia,
Leptomastix)
(MRID
#05003978,
05005640),
predaceous
mites
(Amblyseius,
Typhlodromus)
(MRID
#05004148,
05013359,
05009346),
and
spiders
(MRID
#05010807).
Bee
kill
incidents
have
been
reported
for
North
Carolina,
California,
and
Washington
(#
1003826­
016,
#1003226­
021,
#1005855­
001,
#1001611­
002).

Toxicity
to
Freshwater
Aquatic
Animals
Freshwater
Fish,
Acute
Results
of
toxicity
tests
with
freshwater
fish
are
tabulated
in
Table
6.
Since
the
LC50
values
for
the
species
tested
are
in
the
0.25
­
20.0
ppm
range,
carbaryl
can
therefore
range
from
highly
to
slightly
toxic
to
freshwater
fish
on
an
acute
basis.
Guidelines
72­
1(
a)
and
72­
1(
c)
are
fulfilled
(MRID
40098001,
00043115).
­171­
Table
6.
Summary
of
freshwater
fish
acute
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
96­
hour
LC50
(ppm)
(nominal)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
99.5
1.
2
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Chinook
Salmon
(Oncorhynchus
tshawytacha)
99.5
2.
4
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Supplemental
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
99.9
14.0
Slightly
Toxic
00043115
McCann
et
al
(1969)
Core
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
99.9
5.
04
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Channel
Catfish
(Ictalurus
punctatus)
99.9
7.
79
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Fathead
Minnow
(Pimephales
promelas)
99.5
7.
7
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Black
Crappie
(Pomoxis
nigromaculatus)
99.5
2.
6
Moderately
Toxic
40094602
Johnson
&
Finley
(1986)
Core
Atlantic
Salmon
(Salmo
salar)
99.5
0.
25
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Brown
Trout
(Salmo
trutta)
99.5
6.
3
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Brook
Trout
(Salvelinus
fontinalis)
99.5
3.
0
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Lake
Trout
(Salvelinus
namaycush)
99.5
0.
69
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Coho
Salmon
(Oncorhynchus
kisutch)
99.5
2.
4
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Yellow
Pearch
(Percs
flavescens)
99.5
0.
35
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Cutthroat
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
clarki)
99.5
0.
97
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Largemouth
Bass
(Micropterus
salmoides)
99.5
6.
4
Moderately
Toxic
40094602
Johnson
&
Finley
(1980)
Core
Green
Sunfish
(Lepomis
cyanellus)
99.5
9.
5
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Black
Bullhead
(Ictalurus
melas)
99.5
20.0
Slightly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Longnose
Killifish
(Fundulus
similis)
99.7
1.
6
Moderately
Toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Carp
(Cyprinus
carpio)
99.5
5.
3
Moderately
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
­172­
Toxicity
was
determined
for
the
typical
end­
use
product
as
well,
with
all
LC50
values,
except
one,
ranging
from
1.4
to
49
ppm,
which
indicates
that
carbaryl
can
be
classified
as
slightly
to
moderately
toxic
to
freshwater
fish
(Table
7).
Guidelines
(b)
and
72­
1(
d)
are
fulfilled
(MRID
#s
00059202,
00042381,
00151519,
00151417,
42397901,
00124383,
00124391).

Table
7.
Summary
of
freshwater
fish
acute
toxicity
for
carbaryl
(typical
end­
use
product)

Species
%
ai
96­
hr
LC50
(ppm)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
44
1.4
Moderately
Toxic
00151417
Sousa
(1985)
Core
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
81.5
3.
3
Moderately
Toxic
42397901
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
50
3.45
Moderately
Toxic
00124383
McCann
(1971)
Core
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
50
4.5
Moderately
Toxic
00124383
McCann
(1971)
Core
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
30
49.0
Slightly
Toxic
00059202
Mc
Caan
(1970)
Core
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
5
290.0
Practically
Nontoxic
00042381
McCann
(1968)
Core
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
44
9.8
Moderately
Toxic
00151519
Sousa
(1985)
Core
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
50
22.0
Slightly
Toxic
00124391
McCann
(1971)
Core
Freshwater
Fish,
Chronic
Results
of
the
required
early
life­
stage
with
fish
are
summarized
in
Table
8,
show
that
carbaryl
has
high
potential
for
chronic
toxicity
to
freshwater
fish.
Exposure
to
680
ppb
can
result
in
growth
effects
to
young.
The
guideline
requirement
72­
4(
a)
for
freshwater
fish
is
fulfilled
(TOUCARO5).

Table
8.
Summary
of
freshwater
fish
life­
cycle
toxicity
under
flow­
through
conditions
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
NOAEC/
LOAC
(ppm)
Endpoints
Affected
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Fathead
Minnow
(Pimephales
promelas)
99
0.21/
0.68
Reproduction
TOUCARO5
Carlson
(1972)
Core
Amphibians
­173­
According
to
a
supplemental
study
with
an
end­
use
product
containing
50%
carbaryl
(MRID
00160000),
the
LD50
for,
the
bullfrog
(Rana
catesbeiana)
is
greater
than
4,000
mg/
kg,
or
practically
nontoxic.

Freshwater
Invertebrates,
Acute
Since
the
EC50
falls
in
the
range
of
1.7
­
26
ppb,
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
invertebrates
on
an
acute
basis
(Table
9).
Toxicity
studies
with
the
typical
end­
use
product
show
that
carbaryl
is
very
highly
toxic
to
daphnids,
with
an
EC50
in
the
4.29
­
13.0
ppb
range
(Table
10).
Guideline
72­
2
is
fulfilled
(MRID
#s
40098001,
42397902,
42397903).

Table
9.
Summary
of
freshwater
invertebrate
acute
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species/
Static
or
Flowthrough
%
ai
48­
hour
EC50
(ppb)
(nominal)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
99.5
5.
6
Very
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Stonefly
(Classenia
sabulosa)
99.5
96hr
LC50=
5.6
Very
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Supplemental
Stonefly
(Isogenus
sp.)
99.5
96hr
LC50=
3.6
Very
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Supplemental
Stonefly
(Pteronarcella
badia)
99.5
96hr
LC50=
1.7
Very
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Supplemental
Scud
(Gammarus
fasciatus)
99.5
96hr
EC50=
26
Very
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Core
Table
10.
Acute
toxicity
to
invertebrates
(TEP)

Species
%
ai
48­
hour
EC50
(ppb)
Toxicity
category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
49.0%
7.1
Very
highly
toxic
00150538
Nicholson
and
Surprenant
(1985)
Supplemental
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
43.9%
13.0
Very
highly
toxic
00150540
Nicholson
and
Surprenant
(1985)
Supplemental
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
47.3%
4.29
Very
highly
toxic
42432401
Lintott
(1992)
Supplemental
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
43.7%
6.66
Very
highly
toxic
42397902
Lintott
(1992)
Core
­174­
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
81.5%
7.2
Very
highly
toxic
42397903
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Freshwater
Invertebrate,
Chronic
A
21­
day
toxicity
study
preformed
with
the
water
flea
estimated
a
NOAEC
and
a
LOAEC
of
1.5
ppb
and
3.3
ppb,
respectively,
based
on
affected
reproduction
(Table
11).
Guideline
72­
4(
b)
for
freshwater
invertebrates
is
fulfilled
(MRID
00150901).

Table
11.
Summary
of
freshwater
aquatic
invertebrate
life­
cycle
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai
21­
day
NOAEC/
LOAEC
(ppb)
Endpoints
Affected
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Water
flea
(Daphnia
magna)
99.0%
1.5/
3.3
Reproduction
00150901
Surprenant
(1985)
Core
Toxicity
to
Estuarine
and
Marine
Animals
Estuarine/
Marine
Fish,
Acute
Since
the
minnow
LC50
is
2.6
ppm
(Table
12),
carbaryl
is
categorized
as
moderately
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
fish
on
an
acute
basis.
The
guideline
72­
3(
a)
is
fulfilled
(MRID
42372801).

Table
12.
Summary
of
estuarine/
marine
fish
acute
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species/
Static
%
ai
96­
hour
LC50
(ppm)
(nominal)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Sheepshead
Minnow
(Cyprinodon
variegatus)
99
2.2
Moderately
Toxic
00150539
Sousa
and
Surprenant
(1985)
Supplemental
Sheepshead
Minnow
(Cyprinodon
variegatus)
99.7%
2.6
Moderately
Toxicc
42372801
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Estuarine
and
Marine
Fish,
Chronic
An
estuarine/
marine
fish
early
life­
stage
toxicity
test
using
the
TGAI
is
required
for
carbaryl
because
the
end­
use
product
is
expected
to
be
transported
to
this
environment
from
the
intended
use
site.
Carbaryl
is
registered
for
ghost
and
mud
shrimp
control
in
oyster
beds
in
Washington
and
has
the
potential
to
affect
nontarget
fish
and
invertebrates
outside
the
application
sites.
In
addition,
the
pesticide
uses
are
such
that
its
presence
in
water
is
likely
to
be
continuous
(multiple
applications),
­175­
and
chronic
concerns
have
been
noted
for
freshwater
fish
and
marine
and
freshwater.
At
this
point,
the
guideline
72­
4(
a)
for
estuarine/
marine
fish
is
not
fulfilled.

Estuarine
and
Marine
Invertebrates,
Acute
As
shown
in
Table
13,
the
96­
hour
mysid
shrimp
LC50
for
technical
carbaryl
falls
is
5.7
ppb
(MRID
42343401).
Thus,
this
chemical
is
categorized
as
very
highly
toxic
to
estuarine/
marine
shrimp
species
on
an
acute
basis.
By
contrast,
carbaryl
is
moderately
toxicity
to
the
oyster
(LC50
=
2.7
ppm,
MRID
00148221).
Guidelines
72­
3(
b)
and
72­
3(
c)
are
fulfilled.

Table
13.
Summary
of
estuarine/
marine
invertebrate
acute
toxicity
for
technical
grade
carbaryl
Species
%
ai.
48­
hour
LC50
(ppb)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Brown
Shrimp
(Penaeus
aztecus)
99.7
1.
5
Very
Highly
Toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
99
96
hr
LC50
=
6.7
Very
Highly
Toxic
00150544
Hoberg
and
Surprenant
(1985)
Supplemental
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
99.7
96
hr
LC50
=
5.7
Very
Highly
Toxic
42343401
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Glass
Shrimp
(Palaemonetes
kadiakensis)
99.5
5.
6
Very
Highly
Toxic
40098001
Mayer
&
Ellersieck
(1986)
Supplemental
Grass
Shrimp
(Palaemonetes
pugio)
99.7
28
Very
Highly
Toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Pink
Shrimp
(Penaeus
duorarum)
99.7
32
Very
Highly
Toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Eastern
Oyster
(Crassostrea
virginica)
99.7
96
hr
LC50>
2
Very
Highly
Toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Core
Eastern
Oyster
(Crassostrea
virginica)
99
2700
Moderately
Toxic
00148221
Surprenant,
et
al.
(1985)
Core
Blue
Crab
(Callinectes
sapidus)
99.7
320
Highly
Toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Fairy
Shrimp
95.3%
170
Highly
toxic
40094602
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Eastern
Oyster
(Crassostria
virginica)
95.0%
>1,000
Moderately
toxic
40228401
Mayer
(1986)
Supplemental
Results
of
toxicity
testing
using
the
typical
end­
use
product
are
summarized
in
Table
14.
Carbaryl
TEPs
are
highly
toxic
to
mysids,
LC50
values
ranging
from
9.3
to
20.2
ppb
(MRID
#s
42397904,
42565601,
and
42343402),
and
slightly
toxic
to
oysters
(LC50
=
23.6
ppm,
MRID
42597301).
Guidelines
72­
3(
e)
and
72­
3(
f)
are
fulfilled.
­176­
Table
14.
Summary
of
estuarine/
marine
invertebrate
acute
toxicity
for
TEP
Species
%
ai.
48­
hour
LC50
(ppb)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
81.5
9.
6
Very
Highly
Toxic
42397904
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
81.5
9.
3
Very
Highly
Toxic
42565601
McElwee
and
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
43.7%
96
hr
LC50
=
20.2
Very
Highly
Toxic
42343402
Lintott
(1992)
Core
Eastern
Oyster
(Crassostrea
virginica)
43.3%
96
hr
LC50
=
23,600
Slightly
Toxic
42597301
Lintott
(1992)
Supplemental
Estuarine
and
Marine
Invertebrate,
Chronic
There
are
no
available
chronic
toxicity
data
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates.
The
guideline
72­
4(
b)
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates
is
no
fulfilled.

1­
Naphthol
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Organisms
The
major
metabolite
of
carbaryl
degradation
by
abiotic
and
microbially
mediated
processes
is
1­
naphthol.
As
summarized
in
Table
15,
1­
naphthol
is
categorized
as
moderately
to
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
on
an
acute
basis,
LC50
values
ranging
from
0.75
to
1.6
ppm
for
freshwater
fish,
from
1.2
to
1.8
ppm
for
estuarine/
marine
fish,
from
0.70
to
0.73
ppm
for
freshwater
invertebrates,
and
from
0.21
to
2.5
ppm
for
estuarine/
marine
invertebrates.

Terrestrial
Plants
Toxicity
testing
of
terrestrial
plants
is
required
for
non­
herbicide
pesticides
when
the
label
warns
that
nontarget
plants
could
be
adversely
affected.
Carbaryl
can
be
used
as
a
fruit
thinning
agent
on
apples
and
pears.
However,
the
label
cautions
that
the
product
may
result
in
fruit
deformity
under
certain
environmental
conditions.
The
label
also
cautions
that
application
to
wet
foliage
or
during
periods
of
high
humidity
may
cause
injury
to
tender
foliage.
Label
language
indicates
that
carbaryl
should
not
be
used
on
Boston
ivy,
Virginia
creeper,
and
maidenhair
fern
due
to
potential
injury.
Incidents
have
also
been
recorded
for
vegetable
crops
(tomatoes,
potatoes,
cabbage,
broccoli,
pumpkin,
squash,
cucumbers)
in
New
York
and
Pennsylvania
(#
1009262­
128;
#1009305­
001).
Guideline
122­
1
is
not
fulfilled.
­177­
Table
15
Summary
of
aquatic
organisms
acute
toxicity
for
carbaryl
degradate
alpha
naphthol
Species
96­
hour
LC50
(ppm)
(nominal)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
No.
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
1.4
Moderately
Toxic
40955204
Surprenant
(1988)
Core
Rainbow
Trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss)
1.6
Moderately
Toxic
00164307
Surprenant
(1986)
Supplemental
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
0.76
Highly
Toxic
40955203
Surprenant
(1988)
Core
Bluegill
Sunfish
(Lepomis
macrochirus)
0.75
Highly
Toxic
00164305
Surprenant
(1986)
Supplemental
Sheepshead
Minnow
(Cyprinodon
variegatus)
1.2
Moderately
Toxic
40955201
Surprenant
(1988)
Core
Sheepshead
Minnow
(Cyprinodon
variegatus)
1.8
Moderately
Toxic
00164306
Surprenant
(1986)
Supplemental
Waterflea
(Daphnia
magna)
48
hr
LC50
=
0.73
Highly
Toxic
40955205
Surprenant
(1988)
Core
Waterflea
(Daphnia
magna)
48
hr
LC50
=
0.70
Highly
Toxic
00164310
Surprenant
(1986)
Supplemental
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
0.21
Highly
Toxic
40955202
Surprenant
(1988)
Core
Mysid
(Mysidopsis
bahia)
0.20
Highly
Toxic
00164309
Surprenant
(1986)
Supplemental
Eastern
Oyster
(Crassostrea
virginica)
48
hr
LC50
=
2.1
Moderately
Toxic
00164308
Surprenant
(1986)
Core
Aquatic
Plants
Aquatic
plant
testing
is
recommended
for
all
pesticides
having
outdoor
uses
(Keehner.
July
1999).
The
tests
are
performed
on
species
from
a
cross­
section
of
the
nontarget
aquatic
plant
population.
The
preferred
test
species
are
duckweed
(Lemna
gibba),
marine
diatom
(Skeletonema
costatum),
freshwater
blue­
green
algae
(Anabaena
flos­
aquae),
freshwater
green
alga
(Selenastrum
capricornutum),
and
a
freshwater
diatom.
Toxicity
testing
for
aquatic
plant
species
is
required
for
carbaryl
because
of
its
registered
forestry
uses.
Data
based
on
a
single
available
core
toxicity
study
with
the
green
alga
Pseudokirchneria
subcapitata
(formerly
Selenastrum
capricornutum)
indicates
that
the
LC50
and
NOAEC
are,
respectively,
1.1
ppm
and
0.37
ppm
(MRID
#42372802).
Guideline
122­
2
is
not
fulfilled.
­178­
Appendix
D:
ELL­
FATE
­
Description
and
example
worksheet
ELL­
Fate
Version
1.2
Developed
by
Laurence
Libelo.
February,
1999
This
spreadsheet
based
model
calculates
the
decay
of
a
chemical
applied
to
foliar
surfaces
for
single
or
multiple
applications.
I
t
uses
the
same
principle
as
the
batch
code
models
FATE
and
TERREEC
for
calculating
terrestrial
estimates
exposure
(TEEC)
concentrations
on
plant
surfaces
following
application.

A
first
order
decay
assumption
is
used
to
determine
the
concentration
at
each
day
after
initial
application
based
on
the
concentration
resulting
from
the
initial
and
additional
applications.
The
decay
is
calculated
by
from
the
first
order
rate
equation:

CT
=
Cie
­kT
or
in
integrated
form:

ln
(CT/
Ci)
=
kT
Where
CT
=
concentration
at
time
T
Ci
=
initial
concentration
k
=
reaction
rate
constant
T
=
time
The
program
calculates
concentration
on
each
type
of
surface
on
a
daily
interval
for
one
year.
The
maximum
concentration
during
the
year
and
the
average
concentration
during
the
first
56
days
are
calculated.

The
inputs
used
to
calculate
the
amount
of
the
chemical
present
are
in
highlighted
in
yellow
on
the
spread
sheet.
Outputs
are
in
blue.
The
inputs
required
are:

Application
Rate:
Half­
life:
Frequency
of
Application:
Maximum
#
Application
per
year:

The
calculated
concentrations
are
used
to
calculate
Avian
and
Mammalian
RQ
values.
The
maximum
calculated
concentration
is
divided
by
user
input
values
of
Chronic
No
Observable
Adverse
Effects
Level
and
acute
LC50
to
give
RQs
for
each
type
of
plant
surface.

The
rat
LC
50
is
calculated
by
dividing
the
mammalian
LD
50
by
0.05
(to
correct
for
actual
food
consumption)

For
15g,
35g
and
1000
g
mammals
the
RQ
values
are
calculated
by
dividing
the
maximum
concentration
for
each
surface
by
the
LD
50
or
NOAEL
corrected
for
consumption
(0.95,
0.66
and
.15
body
wt.
for
herbivores
and
)
insectivores
and
0.21,
0.15
and
0.3
body
wt.
for
granivore)
The
number
of
days
that
the
input
value
of
Chronic
No
Observable
Adverse
Effects
Level
and
acute
LC50
are
exceeded
in
the
first
56
days
is
calculated
by
comparing
the
input
value
to
the
calculated
concentration.

A
graph
of
concentration
on
each
plant
surface
vs
time
is
plotted
and
a
"level
of
concern"
line
can
be
added
at
a
user
specified
level.

The
maximum
single
application
which
can
be
applied
and
not
exceed
the
toxicity
input
values
if
calculated
by
dividing
the
input
value
by
the
Kenaga
maximum
concentration
for
Short
Grass
(240).
­179­

Carbaryl
Chemical
Name:
Citrus
Use
Formulation
Inputs
lbs
a.
i./
acre
5
Application
Rate
days
35
Half­
life
days
14
Frequency
of
Application
4
Maximum
#
Apps./
Year
Outputs
56
day
Average
Maximum
Concentration
Concentration
(PPM)

(PPM)
2079.15
3320.98
Short
Grass
#
days
952.94
1522.12
Tall
Grass
Exceeded
1169.52
1868.05
Broadleaf
plants/
Insects
on
short
grass
129.95
207.56
Seeds
(in
first
56)
0
5000
Acute
LC
50
(ppm)

Avian
Max
Single
Application
56
300
Chronic
NOAEC
(ppm)
which
does
NOT
exceed
20.833
Avian
Acute
Chronic
RQ
Acute
RQ
(lb
a.
i.)

1.250
Avian
Chronic
(Max.
res.
mult.
apps.)

11.07
0.66
Short
Grass
8.36
Mammalian
Acute
#
days
5.07
0.30
Tall
Grass
0.33
Mammalian
Chronic
Exceeded
6.23
0.37
Broadleaf
plants/
Insects
on
short
grass
0.69
0.04
Seeds
(in
first
56)
6020
Rat
Calculated
LC
50
(ppm)

56
301
Acute
LD
50
(mg/
kg)

Mammalian
56
80
Chronic
NOAEL
(mg/
kg)
1000
g
mammal
35
g
mammal
15
g
mammal
Rat
Chronic
Rat
Acute
Dietary
Dietary
Acute
RQ
Acute
RQ
Acute
RQ
RQ
RQ
(mult.
apps)

(mult.
apps)

(mult.
apps)
41.51
0.55
1.65
7.28
10.48
Short
Grass
19.03
0.25
0.76
3.34
4.80
Broadleaf
plants/
insects
23.35
0.31
0.93
4.10
5.90
Large
Insects
2.59
0.03
0.02
0.10
0.14
Seeds
(granivore)
­180­
Appendix
E:
Examples
of
PRZM
Standard
Pond
Input
Files
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
(standard
pond
on
7/
14/
2000)
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Standard
Pond
Spray
Drift:
Aerial
=
0.05;
Ground
spray
=
0.01
***
Application
efficiency:
aerial
=
0.95;
ground
spray
=
0.99
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
10.0
5.80
3
6.00
354.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
"average"
Application:
ground
spray
­
2
apps
@
3.4
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
Application
by
ground
spray
­
8
apps
@
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
­
RECORD
13
***
108
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
­181­
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140548
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280548
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300449
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140549
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280549
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300450
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140550
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280550
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300451
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140551
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280551
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300452
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140552
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280552
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300453
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140553
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280553
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300454
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140554
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280554
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300455
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140555
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280555
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300456
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140556
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280556
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300457
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140557
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280557
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300458
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140558
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280558
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300459
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140559
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280559
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300460
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140560
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280560
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300461
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140561
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280561
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300462
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140562
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280562
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300463
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140563
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280563
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300464
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140564
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280564
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300465
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140565
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280565
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300466
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140566
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280566
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300467
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140567
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280567
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300468
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140568
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280568
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300469
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140569
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280569
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300470
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140570
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280570
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300471
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140571
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280571
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300472
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140572
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280572
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300473
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140573
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280573
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
­182­
300474
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140574
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280574
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300475
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140575
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280575
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300476
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140576
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280576
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300477
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140577
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280577
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300478
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140578
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280578
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300479
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140579
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280579
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300480
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140580
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280580
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300481
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140581
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280581
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300482
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140582
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280582
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
300483
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
140583
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
280583
0
2
0.00
1.12
0.95
0.05
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
***
PRZM3
Input
File
for
INDEX
RESERVOIR,
IROHCORN1.
inp
converted
3/
30/
2000
***
***
Modeler:
S.
Abel
***
***
Modified
for
CARBARYL
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
20/
00
(standard
pond
on
7/
14/
2000)
***
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
23/
01
***
***
Manning's
N
values
for
cornstalk
residue,
fallow
surface,
1
ton/
acre
***
***
Cardington
silt
loam
is
not
one
of
the
benchmark
soils
***
***
Benchmark
soils
include:
blount;
crosby;
pewamo;
miami;
brookston;
glynwood
***
***
miamian;
morley;
bennington;
and
fincastle
***
***
IR
Spray
Drift:
Aerial:
0.16;
Orchard
air
blast:
0.063;
Ground
spray:
0.064
***
***
Standard
Pond
Spray
Drift:
Aerial
=
0.05;
Ground
spray
=
0.01
***
Application
efficiency:
aerial
=
0.95;
ground
spray
=
0.99
***
***
PCA
for
corn
=
0.46
***
CARBARYL
Location:
OH
Crop:
corn
MLRA
111
***
­
RECORD
3
***
0.72
0.30
0
15.00
1
3
***
­
RECORED
4
***
­183­
4
***
­
RECORD
7
***
0.37
0.43
0.50
10.0
5.80
3
6.00
354.0
***
­
RECORD
8
***
1
***
­
RECORD
9
***
1
0.25
90.00
100.00
3
91
85
88
0.00
100.00
***
­
RECORD
9A
***
1
3
***
­
RECORD
9B,
C,
D
0101
1605
1110
0.50
0.25
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.02
***
­
RECORD
10
***
36
***
­
RECORD
11
*
160548
260948
111048
1
160549
260949
111049
1
160550
260950
111050
1
160551
260951
111051
1
160552
260952
111052
1
160553
260953
111053
1
160554
260954
111054
1
160555
260955
111055
1
160556
260956
111056
1
160557
260957
111057
1
160558
260958
111058
1
160559
260959
111059
1
160560
260960
111060
1
160561
260961
111061
1
160562
260962
111062
1
160563
260963
111063
1
160564
260964
111064
1
160565
260965
111065
1
160566
260966
111066
1
160567
260967
111067
1
160568
260968
111068
1
160569
260969
111069
1
160570
260970
111070
1
160571
260971
111071
1
160572
260972
111072
1
160573
260973
111073
1
160574
260974
111074
1
160575
260975
111075
1
160576
260976
111076
1
160577
260977
111077
1
160578
260978
111078
1
160579
260979
111079
1
160580
260980
111080
1
160581
260981
111081
1
160582
260982
111082
1
160583
260983
111083
1
***
­
RECORD
12
***
Application
by
ground
spray
Rate
=
"average"
from
QUA
memo
(July
21,
1998)
­
2
apps
@
1
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
Application
by
ground
spray
­
8
apps
@
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
***
­
RECORD
13
***
72
1
0
0
***
­
RECORD
­
15
***
Carbaryl
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(Silt
Loam
Soil);
ASM
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
­
RECORD
16
***
300448
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140548
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300449
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140549
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300450
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140550
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300451
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140551
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300452
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140552
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300453
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140553
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300454
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140554
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300455
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140555
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
­184­
300456
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140556
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300457
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140557
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300458
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140558
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300459
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140559
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300460
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140560
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300461
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140561
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300462
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140562
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300463
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140563
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300464
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140564
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300465
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140565
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300466
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140566
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300467
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140567
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300468
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140568
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300469
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140569
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300470
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140570
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300471
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140571
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300472
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140572
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300473
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140573
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300474
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140574
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300475
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140575
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300476
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140576
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300477
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140577
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300478
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140578
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300479
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140579
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300480
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140580
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300481
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140581
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300482
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140582
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
300483
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
140583
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.05
***
­
Record
17
***
0.0
3
0
***
­
RECORD
18
***
0.0
0.0
0.00
***
­
RECORD
19
***
Soil
Series:
Cardington
silt
loam;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
­
RECORD
20
***
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
­
RECORD
26
***
0.00
0.00
00.00
***
­
RECORD
33
***
2
***
RECORD
34,36,37
1
22.000
1.600
0.294
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.058
0.058
0.000
0.200
0.294
0.086
1.160
3.0
2
78.000
1.650
0.147
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.000
1.000
0.147
0.087
0.174
3.0
­185­
0
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
YEAR
10
1
1
1
­­­­

7
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
INFL
TSER
1
1
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.
E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.
E5
­186­
***
PRZM
3.1
Input
Data
File;
ORAPPLEX.
INP;
Modified
April
5,
1998
***
***
Modified
for
Carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
23/
01
***
***
Crops
simulated:
Apples,
Crabapples,
and
Quince
***
***
Location
Washington
County,
Oregon;
Meadow/
Orchard
Scenario;
MLRA:
A2
***
***
Manning's
N:
Assume
sparse
grass
under
mature
trees
(ca.
20
feet)
***
***
Temperature
data
read
***
***
This
file
is
for
scenario
standardization;
Reference
chemical
is
Atrazine
***
***
See
ORAPPLEX.
wpd
for
scenario
details
***
Carbaryl
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
0.740
0.150
2
17.000
1
3
9.2
10.3
11.8
13.6
15.30
15.3
14.2
12.5
10.9
9.4
8.6
9.1
4
0.43
3.30
1.0
10.0
5.4
2
15.00
354.0
1
1
0.25
17.0
100.000
3
91
71
71
0.0
600
1
3
0103
0105
0112
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
36
010448
150548
151248
1
010449
150549
151249
1
010450
150550
151250
1
010451
150551
151251
1
010452
150552
151252
1
010453
150553
151253
1
010454
150554
151254
1
010455
150555
151255
1
010456
150556
151256
1
010457
150557
151257
1
010458
150558
151258
1
010459
150559
151259
1
010460
150560
151260
1
010461
150561
151261
1
010462
150562
151262
1
010463
150563
151263
1
010464
150564
151264
1
010465
150565
151265
1
010466
150566
151266
1
010467
150567
151267
1
010468
150568
151268
1
010469
150569
151269
1
010470
150570
151270
1
010471
150571
151271
1
010472
150572
151272
1
010473
150573
151273
1
010474
150574
151274
1
010475
150575
151275
1
010476
150576
151276
1
010477
150577
151277
1
010478
150578
151278
1
010479
150579
151279
1
010480
150580
151280
1
010481
150581
151281
1
010482
150582
151282
1
010483
150583
151283
1
The
label
max
used
(5
apps
of
2
lb
a.
i./
acre
(3.3
kg/
ha))
***
Aerial
Application:
,
Aerial
@
95%
eff.
w/
5%
drift
180
1
0
0
Chemical
Kd:
3.0
(silt
Loam
soil);
AeSM:
T1/
2:
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
***
Record
16:
Application
information;
set
specific
to
carbaryl
***
300448
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140548
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280548
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110648
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250648
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300449
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140549
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280549
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110649
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250649
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300450
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140550
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
­187­
280550
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110650
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250650
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300451
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140551
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280551
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110651
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250651
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300452
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140552
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280552
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110652
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250652
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300453
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140553
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280553
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110653
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250653
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300454
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140554
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280554
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110654
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250654
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300455
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140555
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280555
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110655
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250655
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300456
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140556
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280556
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110656
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250656
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300457
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140557
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280557
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110657
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250657
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300458
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140558
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280558
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110658
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250658
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300459
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140559
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280559
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110659
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250659
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300460
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140560
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280560
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110660
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250660
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300461
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140561
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280561
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110661
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250661
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300462
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140562
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280562
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110662
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250662
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300463
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140563
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280563
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110663
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250663
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300464
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140564
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280564
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110664
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250664
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300465
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140565
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280565
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
­188­
110665
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250665
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300466
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140566
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280566
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110666
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250666
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300467
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140567
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280567
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110667
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250667
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300468
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140568
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280568
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110668
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250668
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300469
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140569
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280569
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110669
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250669
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300470
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140570
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280570
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110670
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250670
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300471
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140571
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280571
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110671
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250671
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300472
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140572
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280572
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110672
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250672
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300473
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140573
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280573
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110673
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250673
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300474
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140574
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280574
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110674
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250674
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300475
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140575
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280575
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110675
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250675
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300476
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140576
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280576
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110676
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250676
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300477
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140577
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280577
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110677
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250677
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300478
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140578
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280578
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110678
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250678
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300479
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140579
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280579
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110679
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250679
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300480
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140580
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280580
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110680
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250680
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300481
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
­189­
140581
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280581
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110681
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250681
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300482
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140582
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280582
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110682
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250682
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
300483
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
140583
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
280583
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
110683
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
250683
0
2
0.00
2.24
0.95
0.05
***
Record
17:
Filtra.,
disposit.
foliar
pest.
after
harvest,
and
plant
uptake
***
0.0
3
0.0
***
Record
18:
Foliar
dissipation
parameters
***
0.0
0.0
0.50
Cornelius
silt
loam,
15%
slope,
Hydrologic
Group:
C
148.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
***
Record
26:
Soil
volatilization
constants
***
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
33
***
5
***
Record
34
***
1
15.0
1.30
0.329
0.0
0.0
0.0
***
Record
36:
Soil
half­
life
rate
constants;
repeat
for
each
horizon
***
0.058
0.058
0.0
***
Record
37:
***
0.1
0.329
0.099
2.30
3.0
***
Record
39:
Omitted;
parent/
daughter
transformation
rates
***
2
13.0
1.38
0.338
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.338
0.108
1.11
3.0
3
15.0
1.58
0.340
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
1.0
0.340
0.110
0.21
3.0
4
55.0
1.52
0.358
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.358
0.148
0.145
3.0
5
50.0
1.46
0.202
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.029
0.029
0.0
5.0
0.202
0.142
0.07
3.0
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

6
YEAR
PRCP
TSER
0
0
RUNF
TSER
0
0
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5
­190­
***
PRZM2
Version
3.12
Input
Data
File
***
***
MNSUGAR1.
inp
Index
Reservoir
Scenario
created
on
12/
13/
99
***
***
Modified
for
CABRBARYL
6/
21/
00
by
Laurence
Libelo
***
***
Bearden
soil
is
a
Benchmark
soil
with
ca.
800K
mapped
acres
in
MLRA
56
***
***
Sugar
beets,
conventional
tillage
***
***
Highest
acreage
sugarbeet
state
is
MN;
highest
county
in
MN
is
Polk
***
***
Manning's
N
value
set
to
0.02
for
residues
applied
to
fallow
surfaces
***
***
Application
timing
information
provided
by
Russ
Severson
(?),
***
University
of
Minnesota
Agricultural
Extension
Service,
Polk
County,
MN,
***
(218)
281­
8696
***
PCA
for
sugarbeets
not
available,
use
default
PCA
of
0.87
***
Chemical:
Carbaryl
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
HYGP:
C;
MLRA
F­
56,
Polk
County,
Minnesota
0.760
0.500
0
12.00
1
3
4
0.28
0.12
0.50
10
3
3.00
354.0
1
1
0.10
20.00
80.00
3
91
82
91
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
1605
1110
0.43
0.18
0.43
0.02
0.02
0.02
36
160548
061048
161048
1
160549
061049
161049
1
160550
061050
161050
1
160551
061051
161051
1
160552
061052
161052
1
160553
061053
161053
1
160554
061054
161054
1
160555
061055
161055
1
160556
061056
161056
1
160557
061057
161057
1
160558
061058
161058
1
160559
061059
161059
1
160560
061060
161060
1
160561
061061
161061
1
160562
061062
161062
1
160563
061063
161063
1
160564
061064
161064
1
160565
061065
161065
1
160566
061066
161066
1
160567
061067
161067
1
160568
061068
161068
1
160569
061069
161069
1
160570
061070
161070
1
160571
061071
161071
1
160572
061072
161072
1
160573
061073
161073
1
160574
061074
161074
1
160575
061075
161075
1
160576
061076
161076
1
160577
061077
161077
1
160578
061078
161078
1
160579
061079
161079
1
160580
061080
161080
1
160581
061081
161081
1
160582
061082
161082
1
160583
061083
161083
1
Application
Schedule:
2
aerial
app
@
1.5
lb
a.
i./
acre
(1.68
kg/
ha,
95%
app.
eff,
16%
spray
drift
72
1
0
0
Carbaryl:
Kd:
3.0;
AeSM:
T1/
2
=
12
days;
AnSM:
T1/
2
=
24
days
300448
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140548
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300449
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140549
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300450
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140550
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300451
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140551
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300452
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140552
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300453
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140553
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300454
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140554
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
­191­
300455
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140555
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300456
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140556
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300457
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140557
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300458
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140558
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300459
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140559
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300460
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140560
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300461
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140561
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300462
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140562
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300463
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140563
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300464
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140564
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300465
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140565
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300466
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140566
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300467
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140567
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300468
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140568
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300469
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140569
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300470
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140570
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300471
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140571
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300472
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140572
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300473
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140573
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300474
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140574
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300475
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140575
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300476
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140576
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300477
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140577
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300478
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140578
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300479
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140579
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300480
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140580
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300481
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140581
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300482
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140582
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
300483
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
140583
0
2
0.00
1.68
0.95
0.16
0.0
3
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.50
Bearden
Silty
Clay
Loam;
Hydrologic
Group
C;
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4
1
10.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.58
0.58
0.00
0.10
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
2
8.00
1.400
0.377
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
1.00
0.377
0.207
1.160
3.0
3
54.00
1.500
0.292
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.00
0.292
0.132
1.160
3.0
4
28.00
1.800
0.285
0.000
0.000
0.029
0.029
0.00
2.0
0.285
0.125
0.174
3.0
­192­
0
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
YEAR
5
1
1
1
­­­­

1
YEAR
***
PRCP
TSER
0
0***
RUNF
TCUM
0
0
***
ESLS
TSER
0
0
1.0E3***
***
RFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
EFLX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
***
RZFX
TSER
0
0
1.0E5***
­193­
PRZM3
Input
File,
flcit.
inp
(Jan
28
2000)
***
original
file
source
unknown
***
***
Source
of
crop
and
soil
data
unknown
***
***
modified
for
carbaryl
by
Laurence
Libelo,
6/
21/
00
***
***
modifified
for
Standard
Pond
7/
17/
2000
***
***
Use
rate
changed
to
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
AVERAGE
VALUES
on
2/
23/
01
***
Location:
Osceola
County,
FL.;
Crop:
citrus;
MLRA
156A
0.77
0.15
0
25.00
1
1
4
0.10
0.13
1.00
10.0
3
1.00
354.0
1
1
0.10
100.00
80.00
3
94
84
89
0.00
100.00
1
3
0101
21
9
2209
0.10
0.10
0.10
.023
.023
.023
36
110548
170748
10848
1
110549
170749
10849
1
110550
170750
10850
1
110551
170751
10851
1
110552
170752
10852
1
110553
170753
10853
1
110554
170754
10854
1
110555
170755
10855
1
110556
170756
10856
1
110557
170757
10857
1
110558
170758
10858
1
110559
170759
10859
1
110560
170760
10860
1
110561
170761
10861
1
110562
170762
10862
1
110563
170763
10863
1
110564
170764
10864
1
110565
170765
10865
1
110566
170766
10866
1
110567
170767
10867
1
110568
170768
10868
1
110569
170769
10869
1
110570
170770
10870
1
110571
170771
10871
1
110572
170772
10872
1
110573
170773
10873
1
110574
170774
10874
1
110575
170775
10875
1
110576
170776
10876
1
110577
170777
10877
1
110578
170778
10878
1
110579
170779
10879
1
110580
170780
10880
1
110581
170781
10881
1
110582
170782
10882
1
110583
170783
10883
1
Application
at
"average"
value
from
QUA
(July
21,
1998
QUA
Report)
2
apps
/
3.4
lb
a.
i.
per
app
***
Application:
4
aerial
appls
@
5
lb
a.
i./
ac/
year
(5.6
kg/
ha)
@95%
eff,
w/
5%
drift
72
1
0
0
CARBARYL
on
FL
Cirtus
300448
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140548
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300449
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140549
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300450
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140550
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300451
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140551
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300452
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140552
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300453
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140553
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300454
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140554
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300455
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140555
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300456
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140556
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300457
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
­194­
140557
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300458
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140558
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300459
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140559
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300460
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140560
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300461
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140561
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300462
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140562
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300463
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140563
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300464
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140564
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300465
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140565
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300466
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140566
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300467
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140567
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300468
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140568
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300469
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140569
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300470
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140570
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300471
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140571
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300472
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140572
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300473
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140573
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300474
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140574
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300475
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140575
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300476
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140576
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300477
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140577
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300478
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140578
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300479
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140579
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300480
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140580
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300481
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140581
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300482
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140582
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
300483
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
140583
0
2
0.00
3.81
0.95
0.05
0.
1
0.00
0.000
0.50
Soil
Series:
Adamsville
sand;
Hydrogic
Group
C
***
Kd
for
sandy
loam
=
1.7
100.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00.0
0.00
00.00
3
1
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.058
.058
0.000
0.100
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
2
10.000
1.440
0.086
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
1.000
0.086
0.036
0.580
1.7
3
80.000
1.580
0.030
0.000
0.000
0.000
.029
.029
0.000
5.000
0.030
0.023
0.116
1.7
0
WATR
YEAR
10
PEST
YEAR
10
CONC
YEAR
10
1
6
11
­­­­

1
DAY
RUNF
TSER
0
0
1.
E0
­195­