Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0062-0006
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-02-22T05:00Z

Page
1
of
49
UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
20460
OFFICE
OF
PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES
AND
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
August
31,
2005
Memorandum
SUBJECT:
Boric
Acid:
Residential
Exposure
Assessment
for
the
Tolerance
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
Document.

FROM:
Jeff
Evans,
Biologist
Chemistry
and
Exposure
Branch
Health
Effects
Division
(
7509C)

THROUGH:
David
Miller,
Branch
Chief
Chemistry
and
Exposure
Branch
Health
Effects
Division
(
7509C)

TO:
Linnea
Hansen,
Biologist
Toxicology
Branch
(
7509C)

PC
Code:
011102,
011110,
011103,
011104,
011107,
011112,
011001,

DP
Barcode:
DP
3203896
.
Page
2
of
49
Executive
Summary
This
document
represents
the
Lower
Risk
Pesticide
Chemical
Focus
Group's
(
LRPCFG)
Tolerance
Reassessment
Eligibility
Decision
(
TRED)
on
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
(
including
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate,
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate,
sodium
tetraborate,
disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate,
disodium
octaborate,
and
sodium
metaborate).
This
assessment
summarizes
available
information
on
the
use,
physical/
chemical
properties,
toxicological
effects,
exposure
profile,
and
environmental
fate
and
ecotoxicity
for
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts.
In
performing
this
assessment,
EPA
has
utilized
reviews
previously
performed
by
EPA,
the
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(
FDA),
and
the
World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).

In
August
1993,
EPA
established
an
exemption
from
the
requirement
for
a
tolerance
for
residues
of
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
when
used
as
active
ingredients
in
products
applied
to
all
raw
commodities.
In
September
1993,
a
Registration
Eligibility
Decision
(
RED)
document
was
issued
for
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
and
a
tolerance
exemption
was
granted
for
its
use
as
an
inert
ingredient
as
a
sequestrant
or
buffering
agent
in
pesticide
formulations.
The
purpose
of
this
TRED
document
is
to
reassess
the
exemption
from
the
requirement
of
a
tolerance
for
residues
of
this
chemical
when
used
as
an
active
ingredient
and
an
inert
ingredient
in
pesticide
formulations.
Since
the
original
boric
acid
RED
was
issued
in
September
1993,
prior
to
the
development
of
the
Food
Quality
Protection
Act
(
FQPA)
in
August
1996,
tolerances
also
need
to
be
reassessed
to
meet
the
FQPA
standard.
The
Agency
has
considered
any
new
data
generated
after
the
tolerance
exemption
was
issued,
new
Agency
guidance
or
other
federal
regulations,
as
well
as
previously
available
information
in
this
assessment.

Boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
are
used
as
active
ingredients
in
insecticides
and
fungicides
and
as
inert
ingredients
in
certain
pesticide
formulations.
Toxicity
information
was
collected
on
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
and
an
endpoint
for
assessing
short­
and
intermediate­
term
residential
exposure
was
chosen.
The
endpoint
selected
was
a
No
Observed
Adverse
Effect
Level
(
NOAEL)
of
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day
based
on
reproduction
effects
(
testicular
atrophy)
observed
at
29
mg/
kgday
in
both
a
sub­
chronic
(
28
week)
and
chronic
(
2­
year)
study
in
dogs
(
WHO,
1998).
This
study
will
be
used
to
assess
the
risk
of
adult
male
applicators
exposed
to
aerosols
and
particulates
during
the
application
of
boric
acid
pesticide
and
consumer
products
as
well
as
the
inadvertent
ingestion
of
water
containing
boric
acid
while
swimming.
An
uncertainty
factor
of
100
(
10
for
interspecies
extrapolation
and
10
for
intraspecies
variation)
was
used
for
this
assessment
and
therefore,
a
Margin
of
Exposure
(
MOE)
of
100
is
required
for
residential
exposure
risk
assessment.

For
pesticide
products
containing
boric
acid
and/
or
its
sodium
salts
as
active
ingredients,
exposure
scenarios
were
chosen
based
on
the
anticipated
use
patterns
and
current
labeling
for
relevant
pesticide
products.
Application
rates
were
also
estimated
based
on
information
provided
on
the
product
labels.
Calculated
inhalation
MOEs
ranged
from
a
low
of
36,000
for
mixing,
loading
and
applying
dust
products
containing
boric
acid
via
a
shaker
can
to
a
high
of
250,000,000
for
the
application
of
pour­
on
ready­
to­
use
formulations
containing
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate.
To
examine
exposure
to
boric
acid
and/
or
its
sodium
salts
through
the
use
of
consumer
products
such
Page
3
of
49
as
general
purpose
cleaners
and
laundry
detergents,
the
Consumer
Exposure
Module
(
CEM)
was
used
and
a
range
of
inhalation
MOEs
from
5,200
for
a
general
purpose
cleaner
containing
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
to
590,000
for
a
laundry
detergent
containing
sodium
tetraborate
was
estimated.
Inert
uses
of
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
range
from
pesticide
formulation
applications,
requiring
the
use
of
PPE,
to
swimming
pool
applications
and
consumer
use
products.
Many
of
these
exposures
are
similar
to
the
scenarios
chosen
for
the
products
containing
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
as
active
ingredients.
In
those
cases
where
there
was
a
slight
difference
in
application
rate
or
weight
fraction,
a
separate
assessment
was
performed.
In
all
cases,
the
inhalation
MOEs
for
inert
uses
were
greater
than
100.

Postapplication
exposure
to
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
was
examined
in
terms
of
hand­
tomouth
transfer
for
children.
Application
rates
were
calculated
in
terms
of
pounds
of
active
ingredient
applied
per
square
foot,
based
either
on
product
label
information
or
assumptions
of
application
areas.
Using
the
oral
NOAEL
of
8.8
mg/
kg­
day,
the
MOEs
ranged
from
5
for
a
dust
formulation
applied
to
carpets
to
55
for
a
ready­
to­
use
flea
spray
applied
to
carpets.
Boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
are
also
found
in
products
that
are
used
to
treat
swimming
pools
and
spas.
Exposure
to
these
products
was
examined
through
the
use
of
the
SWIMODEL.
MOEs
were
estimated
for
both
oral
exposure
to
adults
and
children.
MOEs
for
oral
exposure
ranged
from
42
to
68
for
non­
competitive
child
swimmers
and
420
for
non­
competitive
adult
male
swimmers.

The
use
of
products
containing
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
as
inert
ingredients
was
also
examined,
however,
many
of
the
scenarios
were
already
examined
in
terms
of
products
containing
these
chemicals
as
active
ingredients.
For
those
active
ingredient
scenarios,
the
MOEs
were
greater
than
the
target
MOE
of
100
and
it
was
assumed
that
the
inert
use
products,
containing
a
smaller
percentage
of
the
chemicals,
would
also
pose
no
risk.
Certain
postapplication
scenarios
with
active
ingredient
uses
resulted
in
MOEs
less
than
100,
and
these
were
re­
examined
for
the
inert
use
products.
All
of
the
resulting
MOEs
were
greater
than
the
target
MOE
of
100.

In
this
assessment,
most
of
the
postapplication
exposure
scenarios
dealing
with
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer
of
residues
to
children
and
one
of
the
swimming
exposure
scenarios
exceeded
the
Agency's
level
of
concern
(
MOE<
100).
Several
factors
need
to
be
considered
when
interpreting
these
MOEs.

For
swimming
pools:

(
1)
For
the
swimming
pool
exposure
scenarios
there
is
uncertainty
associated
with
the
assumption
that
the
pesticide
applied
will
not
dissipate
For
indoor
uses:

(
2)
For
the
dust
formulations
applied
as
crack
and
crevice
treatments,
the
area
treated
is
based
on
an
assumption
of
the
size
of
an
average
room
and
that
the
area
treated
would
be
a
small
swath
of
carpet
along
the
edges
of
the
room.
Most
of
the
product
labels
recommend
that
the
products
be
applied
liberally
to
cracks
and
crevices
to
make
sure
that
Page
4
of
49
no
powder
is
left
visible
on
indoor
surfaces.
In
the
assessment
it
was
assumed
that
the
powder
was
not
removed.

(
3)
Many
of
the
labels
state
that
the
pesticide
products
should
not
be
applied
in
areas
where
children
are
permitted.
This
would
prevent
exposure
of
the
pesticide
residue
to
children
through
hand
to
mouth
behavior.

(
4)
For
Liquid
products
applied
directly
to
carpets,
the
use
of
a
hand
transfer
efficiency
of
5
percent
for
the
hand­
to­
mouth
pathway
is
likely
to
overestimate
exposure
for
the
oral
route.
In
a
draft
letter
regarding
dislodgeable,
disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate
(
DOT)
residues
measured
with
a
California
roller,
transfer
efficiencies
ranging
from
0.04
to
0.09
percent
were
reported.
A
discussion
of
the
study
is
presented
in
Krieger
et
al.,
1996;
Human
Disodium
Octaborate
Tetrahydrate
Exposure
Following
Carpet
Flea
Treatment
is
Not
Associated
with
Significant
Dermal
Absorption.
There
are
several
residue
collection
devices
available
to
investigators.
In
a
round
robin
comparison
of
indoor
residue
collection
methods,
it
was
suggested
that
the
California
roller
had
similar
transfer
efficiency
as
the
polyurethane
foam
roller
(
PUF).
In
subsequent
testing,
the
transfer
efficiency
of
the
PUF
roller
has
also
been
compared
to
the
efficiency
of
wet
hands.
ORD
determined
that
the
transfer
efficiency
of
wet
hands
was
1.5
to
3
times
higher
than
the
PUF
roller.
Thus
is
seems
likely
that
the
5
percent
transfer
efficiency
used
in
the
hand­
tomouth
assessment
for
DOT,
overestimates
the
exposure
and
risk.
However,
since
the
DOT
findings
are
reported
in
a
draft
letter,
and
the
round
robin
testing
did
not
include
any
measurements
of
DOT,
it
is
recommended
that
confirmatory
hand
press
data
be
collected
by
the
registrants
to
refine
the
hand­
to­
mouth
exposure
estimates
for
carpets
treated
with
forms
of
boric
acid.

These
postapplication
exposure
scenarios
should
be
further
evaluated
in
light
of
the
high
estimated
risk
to
children
from
hand­
to­
mouth
activities
and
swimming
pool
exposures.

Dermal
exposures
were
not
included
in
the
assessment
since
there
is
a
low
toxicological
concern
for
dermal
exposure
and
since
it
is
believed
that
sufficient
protection
will
be
provided
if
the
products
are
used
according
to
the
instructions
provided
with
the
product
labels.
In
addition,
several
studies
have
shown
that
dermal
absorption
across
intact
skin
is
negligible
in
human
infants
and
adults.
In
terms
of
environmental
toxicity,
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
have
been
shown
to
be
practically
nontoxic
to
birds,
fish
and
aquatic
invertebrates
and
relatively
nontoxic
to
beneficial
insects.

Some
labels
indicate
the
use
of
boric
acid
to
treat
lumber
used
in
housing
construction
(
above
ground)
and
does
not
appear
to
be
used
as
a
preservative
for
outdoor
uses
such
as
decks
and
playground
equipment.
Exposure
to
treated
wood
products
by
are
likely
to
mitigated
by
their
being
situated
behind
wall
board
or
other
structural
elements
or
coated
if
exposed
(
e.
g.,
baseboards).

1.0
Residential
Exposure/
Risk
Assessment
Page
5
of
49
Summary
of
Hazard
Concerns:

In
1992,
the
Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
and
Disease
Registry
issued
a
toxicological
profile
for
boron
and
its
compounds.
This
document
provided
a
summary
and
interpretation
of
available
toxicological
and
epidemiological
information
in
order
to
determine
significant
levels
of
human
exposure
and
associated
acute,
sub­
acute
and
chronic
effects.
Studies
on
inhalation,
oral
and
dermal
human
and
animal
studies
were
examined
and
potential
effects
reported.
Information
was
also
provided
on
the
chemical/
physical
properties
and
environmental
fate
and
transport
of
boron
and
its
compounds.

In
1993,
a
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
(
RED)
document
was
issued
by
EPA
to
ensure
that
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
could
be
used
without
posing
unreasonable
risks
to
human
health
or
the
environment.
Both
human
health
and
environmental
risk
assessments
were
performed.
It
was
reported
that
dietary
exposure
to
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
was
not
a
concern
considering
there
are
no
registered
direct
food
uses.
Exposure
to
those
handling
products
containing
boric
acid
and/
or
its
sodium
salts
would
not
be
expected
to
be
high,
assuming
proper
care
is
taken
and
the
label
directions
are
adhered
to.
In
terms
of
environmental
risks,
boric
acid
has
limited
outdoor
uses
and
has
a
low
toxicity
resulting
in
a
minimal
concern
level
for
birds,
fish
and
wildlife.

In
1998,
an
Environmental
Health
Criteria
document
(
Environmental
Health
Criteria
204)
was
prepared
on
boron
by
the
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety
[
a
cooperative
program
of
the
World
Health
Organization
(
WHO),
the
International
Labour
Organization,
and
the
United
Nations
Environment
Programme].
Environmental
health
criteria
documents
are
meant
to
provide
critical
reviews
of
studies
which
examine
effects
on
human
health
and
the
environment
of
chemicals
and
of
combinations
of
chemicals
and
physical
and
biological
agents.
Boron
exposure
(
which
included
exposure
to
boric
acid)
was
reported
to
occur
primarily
through
the
diet
and
drinking
water.
The
greatest
boron
exposure
was
stated
to
be
through
oral
intake
of
food.
A
tolerable
intake
of
boron
was
set
at
0.4
mg/
kg­
day.

Toxic
Endpoint
Selection:

For
this
assessment
of
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts,
both
handler
inhalation
and
postapplication
non­
dietary
ingestion:
children
­
hand­
to­
mouth
behavior­
indoor
treatments
and
inadvertent
ingestion
of
water
while
swimming
and
adults
­
inadvertent
ingestion
of
water
while
swimming
.
Dermal
exposures
were
not
included
in
the
assessment
since
there
is
a
low
toxicological
concern
for
dermal
exposure
and
since
it
is
believed
that
sufficient
protection
will
be
provided
if
the
products
are
used
according
to
the
instructions
provided
with
the
product
labels
(
EPA,
1993).
In
addition,
the
WHO
document
and
the
ATSDR
document
also
state
that
several
studies
have
shown
that
dermal
absorption
across
intact
skin
is
negligible
in
human
infants
and
adults
(
WHO,
1998;
ATSDR,
1992).

Since
there
are
no
inhalation
toxicological
studies
available
in
the
existing
literature,
an
oral
NOAEL
was
used
to
assess
short­
and
intermediate­
term
inhalation
exposure.
The
inhalation
Page
6
of
49
dose
was
conservatively
converted
to
an
equivalent
oral
dose
using
a
100%
inhalation
absorption
factor.
The
oral
toxicological
NOAEL
endpoint
of
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day
was
used.
This
NOAEL
was
based
on
reproduction
effects
(
testicular
atrophy)
observed
at
29
mg/
kg­
day
in
both
a
subchronic
(
28
week)
and
chronic
(
2­
year)
study
in
dogs
(
WHO,
1998).
An
uncertainty
factor
of
100
(
10
for
interspecies
extrapolation
and
10
for
intraspecies
variation)
was
used
for
this
assessment
and
therefore,
a
Margin
of
Exposure
(
MOE)
of
100
is
required
for
residential
exposure
risk
assessment.

The
endpoint
of
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day
was
used
for
all
durations
and
for
all
subpopulations.

The
NOAEL
used
in
this
assessment
is
reported
in
boron
equivalents
and
therefore,
doses
calculated
for
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
were
adjusted
to
account
for
the
percent
boron
before
calculation
of
their
respective
MOEs
(
see
Table
1).

Table
1.
Boron
Equivalents
Chemical
Percent
boron
Boric
acid
17.5%

Sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
11.34%

Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
14.85%

Sodium
tetraborate
21.49%

Disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate
20.96%

Disodium
octaborate
25.38%

Table
2.
Acute
Toxicity
Profile
­
Boric
Acid
Guideline
No.
Study
Type
MRID(
s)
Results
Toxicity
Category
870.1100
Acute
oral
rat
00006719
LD50
males
=
3450
mg/
kg
(
2950­
4040
mg/
kg)
females
=
4080
mg/
kg
(
3640­
4560
mg/
kg)
III
870.1100
Acute
oral
beagle
dog
00064208
LD50
>
631
mg/
kg
III
870.1200
Acute
dermal
rabbit
00106011
LD50
>
2
g/
kg
III
870.1300
Acute
inhalation
rat
 
Not
required
 

870.2400
Acute
eye
irritation
rabbit
00064209
Conjunctival
irritation
clearing
by
day
4
III
Table
2.
Acute
Toxicity
Profile
­
Boric
Acid
Guideline
No.
Study
Type
MRID(
s)
Results
Toxicity
Category
Page
7
of
49
870.2500
Acute
dermal
irritation
rabbit
00106011
PIS
=
0.1;
1/
6
erythema
at
72
hrs
III
870.2600
Skin
sensitization
guinea
pig
 
Not
required
III
Table3.
Summary
of
Toxicological
Doses
and
Endpoints
for
Boric
Acid
for
Use
in
Human
Risk
Assessments
Exposure
Scenario
Dose
use
in
Risk
Assessment,
UF
Special
FQPA
SF*
and
Level
of
Concern
for
Risk
Assessment
Study
and
Toxicological
Effects
Acute
Dietary
(
general
population)
Not
determined­
an
appropriate
endpoint
attributable
to
a
single
dose
was
not
identified
in
the
available
studies
including
the
developmental
toxicity
studies.

Incidental
Oral
­
all
populations
and
exposure
durations
NOAEL
8.8
mg/
kg/
day
Residential
LOC
for
MOE
=
100
Chronic
and
subchronic
oral
toxicity
in
dogs
(
several
studies
considered
together)

LOAEL
=
30
mg/
kg/
day,
based
on
testicular
atrophy,
anemia
in
subchronic
study.

Dermal:
All
exposure
durations
Boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
are
not
absorbed
across
intact
skin
and
a
dermal
exposure
assessment
is
not
required.

Inhalation:
All
exposure
durations
NOAEL
8.8
mg/
kg/
day
Residential
LOC
for
MOE
=
100
Chronic
and
subchronic
oral
toxicity
in
dogs
(
several
studies
considered
together)

LOAEL
=
30
mg/
kg/
day,
based
on
testicular
atrophy,
anemia
in
subchronic
study.

Cancer
(
oral,
dermal,
inhalation)
No
cancer
endpoint
was
identified
UF
=
uncertainty
factor,
FQPA
SF
=
Special
FQPA
safety
factor,
NOAEL
=
no
observed
adverse
effects
LOAEL=
lowest
observed
adverse
effect
level,
PAD
=
population
adjusted
dose
(
a=
acute,
c=
chronic)
RfD=
reference
dose,
MOE
=
margin
of
exposure,
LOC=
level
of
concern,
NA
=
Not
applicable
Incident
Data
Data
from
the
Poison
Control
Center,
collected
from
1993
through
1998,
suggest
that
boric
acid
dust
is
not
a
significant
risk
to
children
six
years
of
age
or
younger.
Hazard
information
was
collected
for
boric
acid
dust
and
other
formulations
of
boric
acid
compared
with
Page
8
of
49
all
other
pesticides
and
with
each
other
on
six
measures:
percent
with
symptoms;
percent
with
moderate,
major,
or
fatal
outcome;
percent
with
major
or
fatal
outcome;
percent
of
exposed
cases
seen
in
a
health
care
facility;
percent
hospitalized;
and
percent
seen
in
a
critical
care
facility.
Dust
formulations
appeared
to
pose
greater
hazard
than
other
formulations
of
boric
acid,
however,
these
hazards
were
still
much
lower
than
for
other
pesticides
(
see
Tables
9
and
10).
All
of
the
hospitalization
cases
were
reported
to
have
been
due
to
actual
ingestion.
However,
the
symptoms
that
were
reported
were
relatively
mild
(
e.
g.,
drowsiness
and
nausea)
and
did
not
appear
to
support
a
finding
that
any
of
the
reported
cases
required
hospitalization.

Physical/
Chemical
Properties:

The
physical
and
chemical
properties
of
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
are
provided
in
Table
4.

Table
4.
Physical/
Chemical
Properties
of
Boric
acid
and
its
Sodium
Salts
Chemical
Molecular
formula
Molecular
weight
Physical
state
Meltin
g
point
Solubility
in
water
pH
Density/
Specific
Gravity
Vapor
Pressure
Estimated
Octanol/
Water
Coefficient
Boric
Acid
H3BO3
61.9
Solid
crystalline
powder
171oC
5.6
g/
100mL
5.1
(
1%
solution
at
20oC)
1.51
at
20oC
<
10­
4
torr
at
200C
0.175
Sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Na2B4O7
.

10H20
381.87
crystalline
powder
75oC
4.70
g/
100
mL
at
20oC
9.2
(
1%
solution
at
20oC)
1.73
<
10­
6
torr
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Na2B4O7
.

5H20
291.35
mild
white
alkaline
salt
<
200oC
3.59%
at
20oC
9.2
(
1%
solution
at
20oC)
1.82
<
10­
6
torr
Sodium
tetraborate
Na2B4O7
201.27
Solid
crystalline
or
amorphous
742oC
2.56
g/
100
mL
at
20oC
No
data
2.37
<
10­
6
torr
Disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate
Na2B8O13
.

4H20
Powder
9.5%
at
20oC
8.5
(
1%
solution
at
23oC)
25­
35
lbs/
ft3
(
specific
gravity)

Disodium
octaborate
Na2B8O13
340.31
Solid
rods
No
data
1.8
g/
mL
at
20oC
Chemical
Molecular
formula
Molecular
weight
Physical
state
Meltin
g
point
Solubility
in
water
pH
Density/
Specific
Gravity
Vapor
Pressure
Estimated
Octanol/
Water
Coefficient
Page
9
of
49
Sodium
metaborate
NaBO2
65.82
Solid
white
pieces
or
powder
Fuses
to
clear
glass
at
966oC
Soluble
in
water
11.82
(
6%
aqueous
solution
of
tetrahydrate
Bulk
density:
loose
pack
(
51­
55
lbs/
ft3)
and
tight
pack
(
55­
61
lbs/
ft3)
<
10­
6
torr
No
data
References:
EPA,
1993;
NIOSH,
2001.

Summary
of
Use
Patterns
and
Formulations:

Boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
are
used
primarily
in
insecticides,
herbicides
and
fungicides.
Insecticidal
uses
focus
mainly
on
insects
such
as
ants,
cockroaches,
and
silverfish
and
work
as
stomach
poisons
or
exoskeleton
abraders.
In
herbicides,
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
cause
dessication,
interrupt
photosynthesis
or
suppress
algae
growth.
In
terms
of
fungicides,
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
are
used
as
wood
preservatives
in
lumber
and
timber
products.

The
tolerance
exemptions
being
reassessed
in
this
document,
with
the
respective
citation
in
the
Code
of
Federal
Regulations
(
CFR),
and
the
use
patterns
as
an
active
and
inert
ingredient
are
listed
in
Table
5.
Page
10
of
49
Table
5.
Tolerance
Exemptions
Being
Reassessed
in
this
Document
Tolerance
Exemption
Expression
CAS
Nos.
40
CFR
PC
Code
Use
Pattern
List
Classification
Boric
Acid
and
its
Sodium
Salts
Active
ingredient
Boric
Acid:
10043­
35­
3
11113­
50­
1
41685­
84­
1
180.1121
011001
Acaricide,
algaecide,
fungicide,
herbicide,
insecticide
NA
Sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate:
1303­
96­
4
12447­
40­
4
011102
Fungicide,
insecticide,
herbicide
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate:
11130­
12­
04
12178­
04­
3
011110
Algaecide,
herbicide,
insecticide
Sodium
tetraborate:
1330­
43­
4
12007­
42­
0
011112
Acaricide,
herbicide,
inssecticide
Disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate:
12008­
41­
2
12280­
03­
4
011103
Fungicide,
insecticide
Disodium
octaborate:
12008­
41­
2
12280­
03­
4
011107
Fungicide
Sodium
metaborate:
15293­
77­
3
7775­
19­
1
011104
Herbicide
Inert
Ingredient
Boric
Acid:
10043­
35­
3
11113­
50­
1
41685­
84­
1
180.1001
(
d)
Used
in
pesticide
formulations
applied
to
growing
crops;
formulation
applied
to
swimming
pools;
and
general
purpose
cleaners
?
Sodium
tetraborate:
1330­
43­
4
12007­
42­
0
Sodium
metaborate:
15293­
77­
3
7775­
19­
1
a
Residues
listed
in
section
(
d)
of
40
CFR
180.1001
are
exempt
from
a
tolerance
when
used
in
accordance
with
good
agricultural
practice
as
inert
ingredients
in
pesticide
formulations
applied
to
growing
crops
only.
Page
11
of
49
2.0
Occupational
Exposure/
Risk
Assessment
Since
this
is
a
TRED,
an
occupational
exposure
Assessment
was
not
conducted.

3.0
Residential
and
Other
Non­
Occupational
Exposures
and
Risks
Residential
handler
inhalation
exposure
and
postapplication
oral
exposure
to
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
as
an
active
ingredient
and
inert
ingredient
in
various
pesticide
products
were
examined
for
this
assessment.

3.1
Residential
Handler
Exposures
and
Risks
HED
uses
the
term
"
handlers"
to
describe
those
individuals
who
are
involved
in
the
pesticide
application
process.
HED
believes
that
there
are
distinct
tasks
related
to
applications
and
that
exposures
can
vary
depending
on
the
specifics
of
each
task
as
was
described
above
for
occupational
handlers
3.1.1
Handler
Exposure
Scenarios
The
exposure
scenarios
chosen
for
this
risk
assessment
were
based
on
the
anticipated
use
patterns
and
current
labeling
for
products
containing
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
(
see
Table
5).
In
addition,
application
rates
were
estimated
based
on
information
provided
on
the
product
labels
and
these
assumptions
are
listed
in
Table
6.
The
average
body
weight
of
an
adult
(
70
kg)
was
assumed.
The
oral
NOAEL
of
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day
was
used
for
both
the
short­
and
intermediate­
term
inhalation
exposure
estimates.
An
uncertainty
factor
of
100
(
10
for
interspecies
extrapolation
and
10
for
intraspecies
variation)
was
used
for
this
assessment
and
therefore,
a
Margin
of
Exposure
(
MOE)
of
100
is
required
for
residential
exposure
risk
assessment.
Calculated
inhalation
handler
MOEs
ranged
from
a
low
of
36,000
for
mixing,
loading
and
applying
dusts
containing
boric
acid
via
a
shaker
can
to
a
high
of
250,000,000
for
the
application
of
pour­
on
ready­
to­
use
formulations
containing
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate.
More
detailed
information,
such
as
the
inhalation
unit
exposure
and
dose
calculations,
is
provided
in
Appendix
A.

In
terms
of
consumer
use
exposure
to
products
containing
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts,
the
Consumer
Exposure
Module
(
CEM)
(
Versar,
1999)
was
used
to
determine
the
lifetime
average
daily
dose
(
LADD),
average
daily
dose
(
ADD),
and
acute
potential
daily
dose
rate
(
ADR).
Two
sodium
salts
of
boric
acid
are
known
to
be
ingredients
in
consumer
use
products:
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
in
laundry
detergent
and
general
purpose
cleaners
and
sodium
tetraborate
in
laundry
detergent.
The
exposure
scenarios
examined
were
the
use
of
a
general
purpose
cleaner,
assuming
a
weight
fraction
range
of
7%
to
13%,
and
laundry
detergent,
assuming
a
Page
12
of
49
weight
fraction
range
of
1%
to
5%.
Table
6
provides
the
CEM
inhalation
MOE
estimates.
Exposure
output
information
from
the
CEM
model
is
provided
in
Appendix
B.
Using
the
oral
NOAEL
of
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day
and
assuming
100%
inhalation
absorption,
the
inhalation
MOEs
ranged
from
5,200
for
a
general
purpose
cleaner
containing
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
to
590,000
for
a
laundry
detergent
containing
sodium
tetraborate.
Page
13
of
49
Table
6.
Residential
Handler
Inhalation
Risks
Due
to
Exposure
to
Boric
Acid
and
its
Sodium
Salts
as
Active
Ingredients
Registration
Number
Exposure
Scenario
Percent
active
ingredient
Assumptions
for
estimating
product
application
rate
Calculations
of
product
application
rate
(
AR)
Application
Rate
Units
Area
Treated
or
Amount
Handled
Dailya
Units
Baseline
Inhalation
MOEb
BORIC
ACID
9444­
150
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
with
Aerosol
Cans
20
Used
1.51
g/
mL
as
density
=
2.51
lb
ai/
gal;
assume
use
1
14­
oz
can
per
event
AR
=
(
1.51
g/
mL)*(
1000
mL/
L)*(
3.785
L/
gal)*(
1
kg/
1000
g)*(
2.2
lb/
1
kg)*(
20/
100)*(
0.0078
gal/
oz)*
14
oz
0.27
lb
ai/
day
NA
NA
250,000
70908­
3
Mixing/
Loading/

Applying
Dusts
via
Shaker
Can
100
From
label,
apply
1
lb/
50
ft2
for
flea
control
on
carpets
AR
=
1
lb/
50ft2
0.02
lb
ai/
ft2
256c
ft2/
day
36,000
1677­
191
Granular
Bait
Dispersed
by
Hand
54
Used
1.51
g/
mL
as
density
=
2.51
lb
ai/
gal;
assume
apply
½
container
(
6
oz)
AR
=
(
1.51
g/
mL)*(
1000
mL/
L)*(
3.785
L/
gal)*(
1
kg/
1000
g)*(
2.2
lb/
1
kg)*(
54/
100)*(
0.0078
gal/
oz)*
6
oz
0.32
lb
ai/
day
NA
NA
1,100,000
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
DECAHYDRATE
48369­
2
Mixing/
Loading/

Applying
Dusts
via
Shaker
Can
100
From
label:

package
is
1
lb;

assume
use
½
(
0.5
lb)
and
since
percent
a.
i.
is
100,

assume
0.5
lb
a.
i.
AR
=
0.5
lb
ai/
day
0.5
lb
ai/
day
NA
NA
570,000
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
PENTAHYDRATE
5185­
461
Loading/
Applying
Granulars
via
Spoon
or
Cup
100
From
label,
apply
4.5
lbs/
1000
gal;

assume
treat
20,000
gal/
day
AR
=
(
4.5
lb/
1000
gal)
0.0045
lb
ai/
gal
20000
gal/
day
47,000
Table
6.
Residential
Handler
Inhalation
Risks
Due
to
Exposure
to
Boric
Acid
and
its
Sodium
Salts
as
Active
Ingredients
Registration
Number
Exposure
Scenario
Percent
active
ingredient
Assumptions
for
estimating
product
application
rate
Calculations
of
product
application
rate
(
AR)
Application
Rate
Units
Area
Treated
or
Amount
Handled
Dailya
Units
Baseline
Inhalation
MOEb
Page
14
of
49
5185­
492
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Pour­
on
100
From
label,
apply
10
oz/
200
gal;

assume
treat
200
gal/
day
AR
=
(
10
oz)*(
0.0625
lb/
1
oz)/(
200
gal)
0.0031
lb
ai/
gal
200
gal/
day
250,000,000
SODIUM
TETRAHYDRATE
1083­
1
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Trigger­
Pump
Sprayer
0.28
Use
density
(
2.56
g/
mL)
to
determine
lb
ai/
gal;
assume
apply
1
pint
of
solution
(
0.125
gal/
day)
AR
=
(
2.56
g/
mL)*(
1000
mL/
L)*(
3.785
L/
gal)*(
1
kg/
1000
g)*(
2.2
lb/
kg)*(
0.28/
100)
0.06
lb
ai/
gal
0.125
gal/
day
140,000,000
DISODIUM
OCTABORATE
71653­
5
Mixing/
Loading/

Applying
Emulsifiable
Concentrates
with
a
Paint
Brush
18.12
Use
density
(
1.8
g/
mL)
to
determine
lb
ai/
gal;
assume
apply
1
liter
of
solution
(
0.264
gal/
day)
AR
=
(
1.8
g/
mL)(*
1000
mL/
L)*(
3.785
L/
gal)*(
1
kg/
1000
g)(*
2.2
lb/
kg)*(
18.12/
100)
2.72
lb
ai/
gal
0.264
gal/
day
550,000
DISODIUM
OCTABORATE
TETRAHYDRATE
64405­
6
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Trigger­
Pump
Sprayer
8.5
Use
density
(
0.32
g/
mL)
to
determine
lb
ai/
gal;

assume
apply
1
gal/
day
AR
=
(
0.32
g/
mL)*(
1000
mL/
L)*(
3.785
L/
gal)*(
1
kg/
1000
g)*(
2.2
lb/
kg)*(
8.5/
100)
0.23
lb
ai/
gal
1
gal/
day
4,800,000
Table
6.
Residential
Handler
Inhalation
Risks
Due
to
Exposure
to
Boric
Acid
and
its
Sodium
Salts
as
Active
Ingredients
Registration
Number
Exposure
Scenario
Percent
active
ingredient
Assumptions
for
estimating
product
application
rate
Calculations
of
product
application
rate
(
AR)
Application
Rate
Units
Area
Treated
or
Amount
Handled
Dailya
Units
Baseline
Inhalation
MOEb
Page
15
of
49
79628­
1
Mixing/
Loading/

Applying
Emulsifiable
Concentrates
with
a
Paint
Brush
99.98
From
label,
apply
1
lb/
gallon
solution;

apply
10
gallons/
day
NA
1
lb
ai/
gal
10
gal/
day
47,000
79628­
1
Mixing/
Loading/
Ap
plying
Emulsifiable
Concentrates
with
Low
Pressure
Handwand
99.98
From
label,
apply
1
lb/
gallon
solution;

apply
10
gallons/
day
NA
1
lb
ai/
gal
10
gal/
day
440,000
79628­
1
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Trigger­
Pump
Sprayer
99.98
From
label,
apply
1
lb/
gallon
solution;

apply
10
gallons/
day
NA
1
lb
ai/
gal
10
gal/
day
110,000
a
Amount
handled
per
day
values
are
either
determined
from
the
product
label
or
are
EPA
estimates
of
amount
treated
based
on
revised
Residential
SOPs
(
2/
01).

b
Baseline
Dermal
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day)
/
adjusted
dermal
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day),
where
adjusted
dermal
dose
=[
daily
unit
exposure
(
µ
g/
lb
ai)
x
application
rate
x
amount
handled
per
day
x
conversion
factor
(
if
needed)
/
body
weight
(
70
kg
adult)]
*
percent
boron.

c
Assume
area
of
average
household
room
=
256
ft2.
Page
16
of
49
Table
6.
Summary
of
Consumer
Inhalation
Exposure
Scenario
Weight
Fractions
Years
of
Use
Surface
Area/
Body
Weight
Ratio
(
cm2/
kg)
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr)
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Percent
boron
(%)
Adjusted
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Inhalation
MOEa
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
DECAHYDRATE
(
Active
ingredient)

General
Purpose
Cleaner
0.07­
0.13
57
15.6
300
1.91e­
04
11.34
1.7e­
03
5,200
Laundry
Detergent
0.01­
0.05
57
15.6
52
5.96e­
06
11.34
5.0e­
05
180,000
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
(
Active
ingredient)

Laundry
Detergent
0.01­
0.05
57
15.6
52
3.23e­
06
21.49
1.5e­
05
500,000
BORIC
ACID
(
Inert
Ingredient)

General
Purpose
Cleaner
0.15
57
15.6
300
3.1e­
03
17.5
5.0e­
04
16,000
a
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day)/
Adjusted
Acute
Dose
Rate
Page
17
of
49
3.2
Residential
Postapplication
Exposures
and
Risks
HED
uses
the
term
"
postapplication"
to
describe
exposures
to
individuals
that
occur
as
a
result
of
being
in
an
environment
that
has
been
previously
treated
with
a
pesticide.
Although
the
endpoint
is
for
all
durations,
a
short
term
exposure
assessment
was
conducted
for
young
children
The
short
term
exposure
assessment
is
the
more
conservative
assessment.
This
is
because
short
term
assessment
use
higher
percentile
(
90th
)
values
(
20
per
hour)
for
the
frequency
of
hand
to
mouth
events
than
for
longer
term
exposures
(
mean
­
9.5
events
per
hour).

3.2.1
Residential
Postapplication
Exposure
Scenarios
Postapplication
exposure
to
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
in
pesticide
products
was
examined
in
terms
of
hand­
to­
mouth
transfer
for
children.
It
is
expected
that
residues
could
be
transferred
through
oral
exposure
after
application
of
products
to
indoor
surfaces.
These
products
include
dust
and
ready­
to­
use
liquid
formulations.
In
order
to
estimate
the
risk
to
children,
application
rates
were
calculated
in
terms
of
pounds
of
active
ingredient
applied
per
square
foot,
based
either
on
product
label
information
or
assumptions
of
application
areas.
For
those
dust
formulations
applied
to
cracks
and
crevices
(
i.
e.,
around
floorboards
or
under
appliances),
it
was
assumed
that
only
50%
of
the
applied
product
would
be
available
and
of
that,
only
5%
would
be
dislodgeable.
Other
assumptions
made
in
the
calculations
of
dose
are
provided
in
Table
7,
including
surface
area,
number
of
events,
exposure
time,
and
body
weight.
Using
the
oral
NOAEL
of
8.8
mg­
boron/
kg/
day,
the
MOEs
ranged
from
1
for
a
dust
formulation
applied
to
carpets
to
55
for
a
ready­
to­
use
flea
spray
applied
to
carpets.

Postapplication
oral
exposure
to
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
can
also
occur
through
exposure
to
treated
pool
water.
Two
products
containing
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
may
be
applied
to
both
swimming
pools
and
spas.
In
order
to
assess
exposures,
the
SWIMODEL
(
Version
2.0)
Swimming
Screening
Tool
was
used
(
Versar,
2001).
Oral
exposure
routes
were
examined
for
adults
and
children
by
comparing
daily
exposures
to
the
oral
NOAEL
of
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day
to
estimate
a
level
of
risk
(
MOE)
Table
8
provides
the
SWIMODEL
oral
MOE
estimates.
Exposure
output
information
from
the
SWIMODEL
is
provided
in
Appendix
C.

Inert
uses
were
also
identified
for
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts.
One
of
the
uses
is
in
pesticide
formulations
applied
to
agricultural
crops.
The
labels
for
these
products
specify
the
use
of
personal
protective
equipment
and,
therefore,
these
products
were
not
examined
as
part
of
this
assessment.
Another
inert
use
identified
was
the
application
of
tablets
or
pellets
to
swimming
pools.
Two
products
were
identified,
one
containing
1%
boric
acid
and
one
containing
0.5%
sodium
metaborate.
This
type
of
scenario
had
been
examined
with
products
containing
100%
of
Page
18
of
49
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
as
the
active
ingredient.
It
was
assumed
that
the
handler
MOEs
from
use
of
products
containing
either
boric
acid
or
sodium
metaborate
as
inert
ingredients
would
be
much
greater
than
the
use
of
a
product
containing
100%
of
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate.
However,
since
the
oral
MOEs
for
children
exposed
through
swimming
were
below
the
target
MOE
of
100
for
sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate,
those
scenarios
were
re­
examined
using
the
information
available
for
boric
acid.
The
same
application
rate
was
assumed
and
a
correction
was
made
for
the
1%
weight
fraction
of
boric
acid
in
the
product.
The
MOEs
for
both
child
exposure
scenarios
(
7­
10
years
and
11­
14
years)
were
above
the
target
MOE
(
see
Table
8).
Since
the
MOE
for
the
children
11­
14
years
was
44,000,
an
adult
male
assessment
was
not
performed
since
their
exposure
would
be
lower.
The
third
inert
use
identified
was
in
consumer
products,
such
as
general
purpose
cleaners,
which
contain
boric
acid
as
an
inert
ingredient
(
weight
fraction
=
15%).
It
was
expected
that
the
MOE
would
be
rather
small,
considering
the
results
from
the
examination
of
general
purpose
cleaners
containing
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
as
an
active
ingredient.
The
CEM
model
was
run
for
boric
acid
and
the
inhalation
MOE
was
calculated
to
be
16,000
(
see
Table
6).
Page
19
of
49
Table
7.
Summary
of
Postapplication
Exposure
to
Children
­
Hand
to
Mouth
Transfer
from
Indoor
Surfaces
Registration
number/
Formulation
Application
Rate
(
lb
ai/
sq
ft)
Percent
available
Percent
active
ingredient
dislodgeable
Surface
area
(
cm2)
Hand
to
Mouth
(
events/
hr)
Extraction
by
Saliva
Exposure
Time
(
hours)
Body
Weight
(
kg)
Surface
Residue
(
µ
g/
cm2)
e
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
f
%
Boron
Average
Daily
Dose
(
equivalent)
g
MOEh
BORIC
ACID
(
Active
Ingredient)

70908­
3
Dust
Carpet
0.02
100%
5%
20
20
50%
8
15
9,806
26.15
17.5
9.16
1
1677­
191a
Dust
Carpet
0.01
50%
5%
20
20
50%
8
15
5,061
6.75
17.5
2.36
4
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
DECAHYDRATE
(
Active
Ingredient)

48369­
2
a
Dust
Carpet
0.02
50%
5%
20
20
50%
8
15
9,806
13.08
11.3
2.96
3
DISODIUM
OCTABORATE
TETRAHYDRATE
(
Active
Ingredient)

64405­
6
b
Spray
Carpet
0.0003
100%
5%
20
20
50%
8
15
147
0.39
21.0
0.16
55
79628­
1d
Spray
Carpet
0.001
100%
5%
20
20
50%
8
15
490
1.31
21.0
0.54
16
DISODIUM
OCTABORATE
(
Active
Ingredient)

79628­
1
e
Spray
Carpet
0.01
100%
5%
20
20
50%
8
15
4,903
13.08
25.0
6.54
1
a
For
granular
bait,
assumed
crack
and
crevice
scenario
­­
assumed
room
size
=
256
ft2
and
that
only
spread
product
around
edges
of
walls,
0.5
ft
wide
swath­­
therefore
application
area
=
31
ft2;
also
assume
only
50%
of
the
product
is
available
for
exposure.

b
From
label,
apply
0.23
lb
ai/
gallon
to
750
ft2.

c
From
label,
apply
1
lb
ai/
gallon
to
1000
ft2.

d
From
label,
apply
1L/
5
m2
=
0.005
gal/
ft2.

e
Surface
residue
(
µ
g/
cm2)
=
application
rate
(
lb
ai/
sq
ft)
*
(
conversion
factor
lb/
µ
g)
*
(
conversion
factor
sq
ft/
sq
cm).

f
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
=
(
Surface
residue
*
percent
active
ingredient
dislodgeable
*
surface
area
*
Hand
to
mouth
events
*
percent
extraction
by
saliva
*
exposure
time)/
body
weight.

g
Average
daily
dose
(
equivalent)
=
average
daily
dose
*
percent
boron.

h
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
8.8
mg
boron/
kg­
day)/
average
daily
dose
(
equivalent).
Page
20
of
49
Table
8.
Postapplication
Exposure
to
Swimmers
Scenario
Exposed
Swimmer
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
µ
g/
L)
ADDa
(
mg/
kg/
day)
Percent
boron
Adjusted
ADD
(
mg/
kg/
day)
MOEb
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
PENTAHYDRATE
(
Active
ingredient)

Oral
exposure
Adult
non­
competitive
male
54,000
0.14
14.85
0.021
420
Child
(
7­
10)
non­
competitive
1.43
14.85
0.212
42
Child
(
11­
14)
non­
competitive
0.87
14.85
0.129
68
BORIC
ACID
(
Inert
Ingredient)

Oral
exposure
Child
(
7­
10)
non­
competitive
538
0.0014
17.5
0.0002
44,000
Child
(
11­
14)
non­
competitive
0.00087
17.5
0.0002
44,000
a
Oral
exposure
ADD
(
mg/
kg/
day)
=
(
Exposure
time,
hr/
event)*(
Ingestion
rate,
L/
hr)*(
Exposure
frequency,
events/
hr)*(
Exposure
duration,
hrs)*(
conversion
factor,
mg/
µ
g)/(
Body
weight,
kg).
b
NOAEL
of
8.8
mg­
boron/
kg­
day
was
used.
Note:
Adult
MOE
not
shown
for
boric
acid
as
an
inert
since
Children
MOEs
are
above
40,000.

3.2.2
Residential
Risk
Characterization
In
this
assessment
both
residential
handler
inhalation
exposure
and
postapplication
oral
exposure
scenarios
were
evaluated.
Of
these,
only
certain
postapplication
exposure
scenarios
resulted
in
MOEs
that
were
less
than
the
target
MOE
of
100.
The
MOEs
for
residential
postapplication
exposure
to
dust
and
spray
formulations
from
hand­
to­
mouth
activities
of
children
ranged
from
5
to
260
and
the
oral
MOEs
for
residential
postapplication
exposure
to
swimming
pools
ranged
from
42
to
420.
Several
factors
need
to
be
considered
when
interpreting
these
MOEs,
including:

For
swimming
pools:

(
1)
For
the
swimming
pool
exposure
scenarios
there
is
uncertainty
associated
with
the
assumption
that
the
pesticide
applied
will
not
dissipate
For
indoor
uses:

(
2)
For
the
dust
formulations
applied
as
crack
and
crevice
treatments,
the
area
treated
is
based
on
an
assumption
of
the
size
of
an
average
room
and
that
the
area
treated
would
be
a
small
swath
of
carpet
along
the
edges
of
the
room.
Most
of
the
product
labels
recommend
that
the
products
be
applied
liberally
to
cracks
and
crevices
to
make
sure
that
Page
21
of
49
no
powder
is
left
visible
on
indoor
surfaces.
In
the
assessment
it
was
assumed
that
the
powder
was
not
removed.
If
the
residues
were
removed
by
wiping
or
vacuuming,
the
MOE
would
likely
be
greater
than
100.

(
3)
Many
of
the
labels
state
that
the
pesticide
products
should
not
be
applied
in
areas
where
children
are
permitted.
This
would
prevent
exposure
of
the
pesticide
residue
to
children
through
hand
to
mouth
behavior.

(
4)
For
Liquid
products
applied
directly
to
carpets,
the
use
of
a
hand
transfer
efficiency
of
5
percent
for
the
hand­
to­
mouth
pathway
is
likely
to
overestimate
exposure
for
the
oral
route.
In
a
draft
letter
regarding
dislodgeable,
disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate
(
DOT)
residues
measured
with
a
California
roller,
transfer
efficiencies
ranging
from
0.04
to
0.09
percent
were
reported.
A
discussion
of
the
study
is
presented
in
Krieger
et
al.,
1996;
Human
Disodium
Octaborate
Tetrahydrate
Exposure
Following
Carpet
Flea
Treatment
is
Not
Associated
with
Significant
Dermal
Absorption.
There
are
several
residue
collection
devices
available
to
investigators.
In
a
round
robin
comparison
of
indoor
residue
collection
methods,
it
was
suggested
that
the
California
roller
had
similar
transfer
efficiency
as
the
polyurethane
foam
roller
(
PUF).
In
subsequent
testing,
the
transfer
efficiency
of
the
PUF
roller
has
also
been
compared
to
the
efficiency
of
wet
hands.
ORD
determined
that
the
transfer
efficiency
of
wet
hands
was
1.5
to
3
times
higher
than
the
PUF
roller.
The
highest
percent
(
5)
is
used
in
the
screening
level
assessment
performed
in
this
assessment.
It
is
likely
that
the
5
percent
transfer
efficiency
assumption
used
in
the
hand­
to­
mouth
assessment
for
DOT,
overestimates
the
exposure
and
risk.
However,
since
the
DOT
findings
are
reported
in
a
draft
letter,
and
the
round
robin
testing
did
not
include
any
measurements
of
DOT,
it
is
recommended
that
confirmatory
hand
press
data
be
collected
by
the
registrants
to
refine
the
hand­
to­
mouth
exposure
estimates
for
carpets
treated
with
forms
of
boric
acid.

In
addition
to
the
factors
listed
above,
data
from
the
Poison
Control
Center,
collected
from
1993
through
1998,
suggest
that
boric
acid
dust
is
not
a
significant
risk
to
children
six
years
of
age
or
younger.
Hazard
information
was
collected
for
boric
acid
dust
and
other
formulations
of
boric
acid
compared
with
all
other
pesticides
and
with
each
other
on
six
measures:
percent
with
symptoms;
percent
with
moderate,
major,
or
fatal
outcome;
percent
with
major
or
fatal
outcome;
percent
of
exposed
cases
seen
in
a
health
care
facility;
percent
hospitalized;
and
percent
seen
in
a
critical
care
facility.
Dust
formulations
appeared
to
pose
greater
hazard
than
other
formulations
of
boric
acid,
however,
these
hazards
were
still
much
lower
than
for
other
pesticides
(
see
Tables
9
and
10).
All
of
the
hospitalization
cases
were
reported
to
have
been
due
to
actual
ingestion.
However,
the
symptoms
that
were
reported
were
relatively
mild
(
e.
g.,
drowsiness
and
nausea)
and
did
not
appear
to
support
a
finding
that
any
of
the
reported
cases
required
hospitalization.
Page
22
of
49
Table
9.
Comparison
between
boric
acid
dust
and
all
pesticides
for
percent
cases
with
symptomatic
outcome
(
SYM),
moderate
or
more
severe
outcome
(
MOD),
life­
threatening
or
fatal
outcome
(
LIFE­
TH),
seen
in
a
health
care
facility
(
HCF),
hospitalized
(
HOSP),
or
seen
in
an
intensive
care
unit
(
ICU)
for
children
under
six
years
old.

Pesticide
SYM*
MOD*
LIFE­
TH*
HCF*
HOSP*
ICU*

Boric
acid
dust
11.7%
0.51%
0.0%
13.3%
5.63%
1.66%

All
Pesticides
21.8%
1.40%
0.120%
16.4%
4.78%
1.36%

Ratio
0.54
0.36
0.0
0.81
1.18
1.22
*
Symptomatic
cases
based
on
those
cases
with
a
minor,
moderate,
major,
or
fatal
medical
outcome.
Denominator
for
SYM,
MOD,
and
LIFE­
TH
is
the
total
cases
where
medical
outcome
was
determined.
Denominator
for
HCF
is
all
exposures.
Denominator
for
HOSP
and
ICU
is
all
cases
seen
in
a
health
care
facility.

Table
10.
Comparison
between
other
formulations
of
boric
acid
and
all
pesticides
for
percent
cases
with
symptomatic
outcome
(
SYM),
moderate
or
more
severe
outcome
(
MOD),
life­
threatening
or
fatal
outcome
(
LIFE­
TH),
seen
in
a
health
care
facility
(
HCF),
hospitalized
(
HOSP),
or
seen
in
an
intensive
care
unit
(
ICU)
for
children
under
six
years
old.

Pesticide
SYM*
MOD*
LIFE­
TH*
HCF*
HOSP*
ICU*

Boric
acid
­
other
formulations
5.24%
0.24%
0.0%
5.77%
2.12%
0.42%

All
Pesticides
21.8%
1.40%
0.120%
16.4%
4.78%
1.36%

Ratio
0.24
0.17
0.0
0.35
0.44
0.34
*
Symptomatic
cases
based
on
those
cases
with
a
minor,
moderate,
major,
or
fatal
medical
outcome.
Denominator
for
SYM,
MOD,
and
LIFE­
TH
is
the
total
cases
where
medical
outcome
was
determined.
Denominator
for
HCF
is
all
exposures.
Denominator
for
HOSP
and
ICU
is
all
cases
seen
in
a
health
care
facility.

The
postapplication
scenarios
examined
here
should
be
further
evaluated
in
light
of
the
estimated
high
risk
to
children
from
hand­
to­
mouth
activities
and
swimming
pool
exposures.

4.0
Environmental
Fate/
Ecotoxicity/
Drinking
Water
Considerations
Boric
acid
is
a
very
weak
acid
(
pKa
=
9.15)
and
in
freshwater
exists
primarily
as
the
undissociated
boric
acid
below
a
pH
of
7.
The
metaborate
anion
becomes
the
main
species
in
solution
above
a
pH
of
10.
Borates
do
not
degrade
but
complex
with
organic
matter
and
sod
mineral
surfaces
and
can
be
altered
by
water
leaching
and
pH
changes
(
WHO,
1998).
Boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
occur
naturally
in
the
environment
and
their
adsorption/
desorption
coefficients
have
been
reported
to
be
less
than
one,
confirming
that
the
compounds
are
mobile
(
EPA,
1993).

Studies
on
the
ecotoxicity
of
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
have
indicated
that
they
are
practically
nontoxic
to
birds,
fish
and
aquatic
invertebrates
and
relatively
nontoxic
to
beneficial
insects.
Two
of
boric
acid's
uses,
in
rights­
of­
way
herbicides
and
noncrop
herbicides,
have
been
suggested
to
pose
a
possible
risk
to
aquatic
invertebrates
and
plants,
including
some
that
may
be
endangered
or
threatened.
However,
the
use
practices
are
limited
to
treatment
of
small
areas
and
Page
23
of
49
area­
specific
use
limitations
have
been
issued.
The
Agency
believes
that
the
limited
outdoor
use
patterns,
low
toxicity
and
natural
presence
in
terrestrial
and
aquatic
environments
reduces
the
potential
for
risk
to
non­
target
organisms
(
EPA,
1993).

5.0
Cumulative
Exposure
Section
408(
b)(
2)(
D)(
v)
of
the
FFDCA
requires
that,
when
considering
whether
to
establish,
modify,
or
revoke
a
tolerance,
the
Agency
consider
"
available
information"
concerning
the
cumulative
effects
of
a
particular
pesticide's
residues
and
"
other
substances
that
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity."
If
chemicals
are
structurally
related
and
all
are
low
toxicity
chemicals,
then
the
risks
either
separately
or
combined
should
also
be
low.

EPA
does
not
have,
at
this
time,
available
data
to
determine
whether
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity
with
other
substances.
Unlike
other
pesticides
for
which
EPA
has
followed
a
cumulative
risk
approach
based
on
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity,
EPA
has
not
made
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity
finding
as
to
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
and
any
other
substances,
and
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
do
not
appear
to
produce
toxic
metabolites
produced
by
other
substances.

For
the
purposes
of
this
tolerance
action,
therefore,
EPA
has
not
assumed
that
boric
acid
and
its
sodium
salts
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity
with
other
substances.
For
information
regarding
the
Agency's
efforts
to
determine
which
chemicals
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity
and
to
evaluate
the
cumulative
effects
of
such
chemicals,
see
the
policy
statements
released
by
EPA's
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
concerning
common
mechanism
determinations
and
procedures
for
cumulating
effects
from
substances
found
to
have
a
common
mechanism
on
EPA's
website
at
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
pesticides/
cumulative/.

References
Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
and
Disease
Registry
(
ATSDR).
1992.
Toxicological
Profile
for
Boron
and
Compounds.
U.
S.
Public
Health
Service.

Krieger,
R.
L.;
Dinoff,
T.
M.;
and
Peterson,
J.:
Human
Disodium
Octaborate
Tetrahydrate
Exposure
Following
Carpet
Flea
Treatment
is
Not
Associated
with
Significant
Dermal
Exposure.
Journal
of
Exposure
Analysis
and
Environmental
Epidemiology,
Vol.
6,
No.
3,
pp.
279­
288,
1996.

Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
for
20
Mule
Team
®
Tim­
bor
®
Industrial.
1996.
Ecological
information
providing
percent
of
boron
in
disodium
octaborate
tetrahydrate.
http://
www.
bpbcorp.
com/
boratesht.
html
Page
24
of
49
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
2001.
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(
ICSC):
Boric
Acid
­­
0991;
Sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
­­
0567;
Sodium
tetraborate
­­
1229.
http://
www.
cdc.
gov/
niosh/
npg/
npg.
html
Science
Advisory
Council
(
SAC)
for
Exposure
(
2001)
Policy
12:
Revised
Residential
SOP
Assumptions
(
February
22,
2001).

U.
S.
EPA.
1993.
Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
(
RED):
Boric
Acid
and
its
Sodium
Salts.
Office
of
Prevention,
Pesticides,
and
Toxic
Substances
(
7508W).
EPA
738­
R­
93­
017.

Versar,
Inc.
1999.
Consumer
Exposure
Module
(
CEM),
Version
1.2.
Prepared
for
the
Economics,
Exposure
and
Technology
Division
of
the
Office
of
Pollution
Prevention
and
Toxic
Substances.

Versar,
Inc.
2001.
SWIMODEL,
Version
2.0.
Prepared
for
the
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs,
Antimicrobial
Division.

World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1998.
Environmental
Health
Criteria
204:
Boron.
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
Prepared
by:
Ms.
C.
Smallwood,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
Cincinnati,
OH.
http://
www.
inchem.
org/
documents/
ehc/
ehc/
ehc204.
htm
Page
25
of
49
APPENDIX
A
Active
Ingredient
Residential
Handler
Exposure
Page
26
of
49
Residential
Handler
Inhalation
Risks
Exposure
Scenario
Application
Rate
Application
Rate
Units
Area
Treated
Daily
Units
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
µ
g/
lb
ai)
Inhalation
Exposurea
(
mg/
day)
Inhalation
Doseb
(
mg/
kgday
%
boron
Inhalation
Doseequivalentc
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Inhalation
MOEd
Mixer/
Loader/
Applicator
BORIC
ACID
Mixing/
Loading/
Applying
Dusts
via
Shaker
Can
0.02
lb
ai/
ft2
256
ft2/
day
870
4.5
0.064
17.5
0.011
36,000
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
with
Aerosol
Cans
0.27
lb
ai/
day
1
NA
2400
0.65
0.0093
17.5
0.0016
250,000
Granular
Bait
Dispersed
by
Hand
0.32
lb
ai/
day
1
NA
467
0.15
0.0021
17.5
0.00037
1,100,000
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
DECAHYDRATE
Mixing/
Loading/
Applying
Dusts
via
Shaker
Can
0.5
lb
ai/
day
1
NA
870
0.44
0.0062
11.34
0.0007
570,000
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
PENTAHYDRATE
Loading/
Applying
Granulars
via
Spoon
or
Cup
0.0045
lb
ai/
gallon
20,000
gallons
45
4.1
0.058
14.85
0.0086
47,000
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Pour­
on
(
using
PHED
liquid
mixer/
loader
data)
0.0031
lb
ai/
gallon
200
gallons
1.2
0.00074
0.000011
14.85
0.0000016
250,000,000
SODIUM
TETRABORATE
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Trigger­

Pump
Sprayer
0.06
lb
ai/
gallon
0.125
gallons
123
0.00092
0.000013
21.49
0.0000028
140,000,000
DISODIUM
OCTABORATE
Exposure
Scenario
Application
Rate
Application
Rate
Units
Area
Treated
Daily
Units
Inhalation
Unit
Exposure
(
µ
g/
lb
ai)
Inhalation
Exposurea
(
mg/
day)
Inhalation
Doseb
(
mg/
kgday
%
boron
Inhalation
Doseequivalentc
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Inhalation
MOEd
Page
27
of
49
Mixing/
Loading/
Applying
Emulsifiable
Concentrates
with
a
Paint
Brush
2.72
lb
ai/
gallon
0.264
gallons
284
0.2
0.0029
25.00
0.00073
550,000
DISODIUM
OCTABORATE
TETRAHYDRATE
Mixing/
Loading/
Applying
Emulsifiable
Concentrates
with
Low
Pressure
Handwand
1
lb
ai/
gallon
10
gallons
30
0.3
0.0043
20.96
0.0009
440,000
Mixing/
Loading/
Applying
Emulsifiable
Concentrates
with
a
Paint
Brush
1
lb
ai/
gallon
10
gallons
284
2.8
0.041
20.96
0.0086
47,000
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Trigger­

Pump
Sprayer
0.23
lb
ai/
gallon
1
gallons
123
0.028
0.0004
20.96
0.000084
4,800,000
Applying
Ready
to
Use
Formulations
via
Trigger­

Pump
Sprayer
1
lb
ai/
gallon
10
gallons
123
1.2
0.018
20.96
0.0038
110,000
a
Inhalation
Exposure
=
(
Application
rate)*(
Area
treated
daily)*(
Inhalation
unit
exposure)/(
1000).

b
Inhalation
Dose
=
(
Inhalation
exposure)/(
Adult
body
weight).

c
Inhalation
Dose­
equivalent
=
(
Inhalation
dose)
*
(
percent
boron).

d
MOE
=
NOAEL
(
8.9
mg/
kg­
day)/
Inhalation
dose­
equivalent.
Page
28
of
49
APPENDIX
B
Active
Ingredient
Consumer
Use
Residential
Exposure
Page
29
of
49
CEM
Inputs
ID
Number:
Unknown
Product:
Sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Chemical
Name:
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole):
381.9
Vapor
Pressure
(
torr):
1e­
06
Weight
Fraction
­
Median
(
unitless):
0.07
Weight
Fraction
­
90%
(
unitless):
0.13
Inhalation
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr):
300
Years
of
Use:
57
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
Median
(
g):
61.5
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
90%
(
g):
123
Inhalation
Rate
During
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
Median
(
hours/
event):
0.667
Inhalation
Rate
After
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
90%
(
hours/
event):
1.42
Zone
1
Volume
(
m3):
20
Whole
House
Volume
(
m3):
369
Air
Exchange
Rate
(
air
exchanges/
hr):
0.45
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Activity
Patterns
User:
1111111221542467422744411
Start
Time:
7
Non­
User:
Room
of
Use:
2.
Kitchen
Hour:
0
6
12
18
Dermal
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
­
Body
(
events/
yr):
300
SA/
BW
­
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Amount
Retained
/
Absorbed
to
Skin
(
g/
cm2­
event):
3.6e­
05
Avg.
Time,
LADDpot,
LADCpot
(
days):
2.74e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADDpot,
ADCpot
(
days):
2.08e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADRpot,
Cppot
(
days):
1.00e+
00
Page
30
of
49
CEM
Inhalation
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
day):
0.55
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
300
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.44e­
03
2.74e+
04
LADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
7.84e­
03
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.90e­
03
2.08e+
04
ADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
1.03e­
02
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.91e­
04
1.00e+
00
Cppot
(
mg/
m3)
2.21e­
03
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADC
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
ADC
­
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mug/
m3)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Cp
­
Peak
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998
Page
31
of
49
CEM
Inputs
ID
Number:
Unknown
Product:
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Chemical
Name:
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole):
381.9
Vapor
Pressure
(
torr):
1e­
06
Weight
Fraction
­
Median
(
unitless):
0.01
Weight
Fraction
­
90%
(
unitless):
0.05
Inhalation
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr):
312
Years
of
Use:
57
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
Median
(
g):
200
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
90%
(
g):
400
Inhalation
Rate
During
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
Median
(
hours/
event):
0.333
Inhalation
Rate
After
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
90%
(
hours/
event):
0.667
Zone
1
Volume
(
m3):
20
Whole
House
Volume
(
m3):
369
Air
Exchange
Rate
(
air
exchanges/
hr):
0.45
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Activity
Patterns
User:
1111111235542467422744411
Start
Time:
9
Non­
User:
Room
of
Use:
5.
Utility
Room
Hour:
0
6
12
18
Dermal
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
­
Body
(
events/
yr):
52
SA/
BW
­
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Amount
Retained
/
Absorbed
to
Skin
(
g/
cm2­
event):
1.13e­
05
Avg.
Time,
LADDpot,
LADCpot
(
days):
2.74e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADDpot,
ADCpot
(
days):
2.08e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADRpot,
Cppot
(
days):
1.00e+
00
Page
32
of
49
CEM
Inhalation
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
sodium
tetraborate
decahydrate
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
day):
0.55
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
312
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.91e­
07
2.74e+
04
LADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
1.04e­
06
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
2.52e­
07
2.08e+
04
ADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
1.37e­
06
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
5.96e­
06
1.00e+
00
Cppot
(
mg/
m3)
8.33e­
04
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADC
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
ADC
­
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mug/
m3)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Cp
­
Peak
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998
Page
33
of
49
CEM
Inputs
ID
Number:
Unknown
Product:
sodium
tetraborate
Chemical
Name:
sodium
tetraborate
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole):
201.3
Vapor
Pressure
(
torr):
1e­
06
Weight
Fraction
­
Median
(
unitless):
0.01
Weight
Fraction
­
90%
(
unitless):
0.05
Inhalation
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr):
312
Years
of
Use:
57
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
Median
(
g):
200
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
90%
(
g):
400
Inhalation
Rate
During
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
Median
(
hours/
event):
0.333
Inhalation
Rate
After
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
90%
(
hours/
event):
0.667
Zone
1
Volume
(
m3):
20
Whole
House
Volume
(
m3):
369
Air
Exchange
Rate
(
air
exchanges/
hr):
0.45
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Activity
Patterns
User:
1111111235542467422744411
Start
Time:
9
Non­
User:
Room
of
Use:
5.
Utility
Room
Hour:
0
6
12
18
Dermal
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
­
Body
(
events/
yr):
52
SA/
BW
­
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Amount
Retained
/
Absorbed
to
Skin
(
g/
cm2­
event):
1.13e­
05
Avg.
Time,
LADDpot,
LADCpot
(
days):
2.74e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADDpot,
ADCpot
(
days):
2.08e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADRpot,
Cppot
(
days):
1.00e+
00
Page
34
of
49
CEM
Inhalation
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
sodium
tetraborate
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
day):
0.55
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
312
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.04e­
07
2.74e+
04
LADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
5.65e­
07
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.37e­
07
2.08e+
04
ADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
7.43e­
07
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
3.23e­
06
1.00e+
00
Cppot
(
mg/
m3)
4.52e­
04
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADC
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
ADC
­
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mug/
m3)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Cp
­
Peak
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998.
Page
35
of
49
APPENDIX
C
Inert
Ingredient
Consumer
Use
Residential
Exposure
Page
36
of
49
CEM
Inputs
ID
Number:
Unknown
Product:
Boric
Acid
(
inert
ingredient)
Chemical
Name:
Boric
Acid
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole):
61.9
Vapor
Pressure
(
torr):
0.0001
Weight
Fraction
­
Median
(
unitless):
0.15
Weight
Fraction
­
90%
(
unitless):
0.15
Inhalation
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr):
300
Years
of
Use:
57
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
Median
(
g):
61.5
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
90%
(
g):
123
Inhalation
Rate
During
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
Median
(
hours/
event):
0.667
Inhalation
Rate
After
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
90%
(
hours/
event):
1.42
Zone
1
Volume
(
m3):
20
Whole
House
Volume
(
m3):
369
Air
Exchange
Rate
(
air
exchanges/
hr):
0.45
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Activity
Patterns
User:
1111111221542467422744411
Start
Time:
7
Non­
User:
Room
of
Use:
2.
Kitchen
Hour:
0
6
12
18
Dermal
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
­
Body
(
events/
yr):
300
SA/
BW
­
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Amount
Retained
/
Absorbed
to
Skin
(
g/
cm2­
event):
3.6e­
05
Avg.
Time,
LADDpot,
LADCpot
(
days):
2.74e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADDpot,
ADCpot
(
days):
2.08e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADRpot,
Cppot
(
days):
1.00e+
00
Page
37
of
49
CEM
Inhalation
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
Unknown
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
day):
0.55
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
300
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
4.08e­
02
2.74e+
04
LADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
2.22e­
01
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
5.36e­
02
2.08e+
04
ADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
2.92e­
01
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
3.10e­
03
1.00e+
00
Cppot
(
mg/
m3)
3.63e­
02
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADC
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
ADC
­
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mug/
m3)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Cp
­
Peak
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)
Page
38
of
49
APPENDIX
C
Active
Ingredient
Swimmer
Postapplication
Exposure
Page
39
of
49
SWIMODEL
ORAL
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Adult
Non­
Competitive
Male
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
13.50
0.00
0.00
13.50
0.14
1.49E­
03
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
1.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
2.50E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
3.02
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
0.10
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
30.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
95.70
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
N/
A
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
N/
A
torr
Vapor
concentration
0.00
ug/
m3
Page
40
of
49
SWIMODEL
ORAL
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Adult
Non­
Competitive
Female
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
13.50
0.00
0.00
13.50
0.16
1.69E­
03
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
1.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
2.50E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
2.67
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
0.10
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
30.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
84.40
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
N/
A
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
N/
A
torr
Vapor
concentration
0.00
ug/
m3
Page
41
of
49
SWIMODEL
ORAL
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Child
(
7­
10)
Non­
Competitive
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
54.00
0.00
0.00
54.00
1.43
2.01E­
03
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
2.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
5.00E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
1.89
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
0.10
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
4.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
37.80
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
N/
A
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
N/
A
torr
Vapor
concentration
0.00
ug/
m3
Page
42
of
49
SWIMODEL
ORAL
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Child
(
11­
14)
Non­
Competitive
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
54.00
0.00
0.00
54.00
0.87
1.23E­
03
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
2.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
5.00E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
3.11
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
0.10
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
4.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
62.00
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
N/
A
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
N/
A
torr
Vapor
concentration
0.00
ug/
m3
Page
43
of
49
SWIMODEL
INHALATION
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Adult
Non­
Competitive
Male
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
N/
A
0.00
0.24
0.24
2.52E­
03
2.66E­
05
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
1.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
2.50E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
3.02
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
4.47E­
07
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
30.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
95.70
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
20.00
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
5.55E­
306
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
1.00E­
06
torr
Vapor
concentration
241.24
ug/
m3
Page
44
of
49
SWIMODEL
INHALATION
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Adult
Non­
Competitive
Female
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
N/
A
0.00
0.24
0.24
2.81E­
03
2.97E­
05
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
1.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
2.50E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
2.67
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
4.47E­
07
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
30.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
84.40
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
20.00
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
5.55E­
306
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
1.00E­
06
torr
Vapor
concentration
237.20
ug/
m3
Page
45
of
49
SWIMODEL
INHALATION
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Child
(
7­
10)
Non­
Competitive
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
N/
A
0.00
0.47
0.47
1.26E­
02
1.77E­
05
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
2.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
5.00E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
1.89
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
4.47E­
07
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
4.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
37.80
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
20.00
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
5.55E­
306
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
1.00E­
06
torr
Vapor
concentration
237.20
ug/
m3
Page
46
of
49
SWIMODEL
INHALATION
EXPOSURE
RESULTS
FOR
Child
(
11­
14)
Non­
Competitive
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Sodium
tetraborate
pentahydrate
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
N/
A
0.00
0.47
0.47
7.65E­
03
1.08E­
05
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
5.40E+
05
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
2.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
5.00E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
3.11
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
4.47E­
07
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
4.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
62.00
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
20.00
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
5.55E­
306
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
1.00E­
06
torr
Vapor
concentration
237.20
ug/
m3
Page
47
of
49
APPENDIX
D
Inert
Ingredient
Swimmer
Postapplication
Exposure
Page
48
of
49
SWIMODEL
ORAL
RESULTS
FOR
Child
(
7­
10)
Non­
Competitive
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Boric
Acid
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
5.38E­
02
0.00
0.00
5.38E­
02
1.42E­
03
2.01E­
06
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
538.00
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
2.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
5.00E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
1.89
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
0.10
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
4.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
37.80
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
N/
A
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
N/
A
torr
Vapor
concentration
0.00
ug/
m3
Page
49
of
49
SWIMODEL
ORAL
RESULTS
FOR
Child
(
11­
14)
Non­
Competitive
SWIMMER
EXPOSED
TO
Boric
Acid
Toral
Tdermal
Tinhale
Texp
ADD
LADD
5.38E­
02
0.00
0.00
5.38E­
02
8.68E­
04
1.22E­
06
Where:

Toral
=
Total
oral
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)

Tdermal
=
Total
dermal
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Tinhale
=
Total
inhalation
exposure
per
event
(
mg/
event)
Texp
=
Total
exposure
(
all
routes)
(
mg/
event)
ADD
=
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADD
=
Lifetime
Average
daily
dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

SWIMODEL
INPUTS
Chemical
concentration
in
water
(
Cw):
538.00
µ
g/
liter
Exposure
time
(
period
over
which
exposure
is
averaged)
(
ET):
2.00
hours/
event
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Contact
rate
(
water
ingested)
(
CR):
5.00E­
02
liters/
hour
Surface
area
of
whole
body
(
SA):
3.11
m2
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Henry's
Law
Constant
(
unitless)
0.10
Inhalation
rate
(
IR):
1.00
m3/
hr
Exposure
frequency
(
EF):
9.00
events/
year
Exposure
duration
(
ED):
4.00
years
Body
weight
(
BW):
62.00
kg
(
90%
ile
value
used)

Averaging
time
(
AT):
70.00
years
Permeability
coefficient
(
Kp)
1.00E­
03
cm/
hr
Ambient
air
temperature
N/
A
degrees
C
Henry's
Law
Constant
N/
A
atm­
m3/
mol
Solubility
N/
A
N/
A
Molecular
weight
N/
A
g/
mole
Vapor
pressure
N/
A
torr
Vapor
concentration
0.00
ug/
m3