Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2004-0074-0208
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2009-02-05T05:00Z

Bibliography 
Part A: Emissions 
Colmenares, C.; Deutsch, S.; Evans, C.; Nelson, A.J.; Terminello, L.J.; Reynolds, J.G.; 
Roos, J.W.; Smith, I.L. Analysis of Manganese Particulates from Automotive 
Decomposition of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl. Appl. Surface Sci. 
1999, 151, 189-202. 
Molders, N.; Schilling, P.J.; Wong, J.; Roos, J.W.; Smith, I.L. X-ray Fluorescence 
Mapping and Micro-XANES Spectroscopic Characterization of Exhaust Particulates 
Emitted from Auto Engines Burning MMT-Added Gasoline. Environ. Sci. Technol. 
2001, 35, 3122-3129. 
Nelson, A.J.; Reynolds, J.G.; Roos, J.W. Comprehensive Characterization of Engine 
Deposits from Fuel Containing MMT®. Sci. Total Environ. 2002, 295, 183-205. 
Ressler, T.; Wong, J.; Roos, J.W. Manganese Speciation in Exhaust Particulates of 
Automobiles Using MMT-Containing Gasoline. J Synchrotron Radiat 1999, 6, 656-658. 
Ressler, T.; Wong, J.; Roos, J.W.; Smith, I.L. Quantitative Speciation of Mn-bearing 
Particulates Emitted from Autos Burning MMT-added Gasolines using XANES 
Spectroscopy. Environ. Sc. Tech. 2000, 34, 950-958. 
Part B: Exposure 
Clayton, C.A.; Pellizzari, E. D; Rodes, C.E.; Mason, R.E.; Piper, L.L. Estimating 
Distributions of Long-Term Particulate Matter and Manganese Exposures for Residents 
of Toronto, Canada. Atm. Environ. 1999, 33, 2515-2526. 
Crump, K.S. Manganese Exposures in Toronto During Use of the Gasoline Additive 
Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl. J. Exp. Anal. Environ. Epidem. 2000, 
10, 227-239. 
Pellizzari, E.D.; Clayton, C.A.; Rodes, C.E.; Mason, R.E.; Piper, L.L.; Fort, B.; Pfeifer, 
G.; Lynam, D. Particulate Matter and Manganese Exposures in Toronto, Canada. Atm. 
Environ. 1999, 33, 721-734. 
Pellizzari, E.D.; Clayton, C.A.; Rodes, C.E.; Mason, R.E.; Piper, L.L.; Fort, B.; Pfeifer, 
G.; Lynam, D. Particulate Matter and Manganese Exposures in Indianapolis, Indiana. J. 
Exp. Anal. Environ. Epidem. 2001, 11, 423-440. 

Part C: Health 
Brenneman, K.A.; Cattley, R.C.; Ali, S.F.; Dorman, D.C. Manganese-Induced 
Developmental Neurotoxicity in the CD Rat: Is Oxidative Damage a Mechanism of 
Action? Neurotoxcology 1999, 20, 477-488. 
Brenneman, K.A.; Wong, B.A.; Buccellato, M.A.; Costa, E.R.; Gross, E.A.; Dorman, 
D.C. Direct Olfactory Transport of Inhaled Manganese (54MnCl2) to the Rat Brain: 
Toxicokinetic Investigations in a Unilateral Nasal Occlusion Model. Toxicol. Appl. 
Pharmacol. 2000, 169, 238-48. 
Dobson, A. W., Weber, S., Dorman, D. C., Lash, L. K., Erikson, K. M., and Aschner, M. 
Oxidative stress is induced in rat brain following repeated inhalation exposure to 
manganese sulfate. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2003, 93, 113-126. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; Vitarella, D.; Byerly, F.L.; Goetz, J.; Miller, R. 
Neurotoxicity of Manganese Chloride in Neonatal and Adult CD Rats Following 
Subchronic (21-Day) High-Dose Oral Exposure. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2000, 20, 179-187. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; James, A. R.; McManus, B.E.; Marshall, M.W.; Wong, B.A. 
Influence of Dietary Manganese on the Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Manganese Sulfate 
in Male CD Rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2001a, 60, 242-251. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; James, A.R.; Marshall, M.W.; Parkinson, C. U.; Wong, 
B.A. Influence of Particle Solubility on the Delivery of Inhaled Manganese to the Rat 
Brain: Manganese Sulfate and Manganese Tetroxide Pharmacokinetics Following 
Repeated (14-Day) Exposure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001b, 170, 79-87. 
Dorman, D.C.; Brenneman, K.A.; McElveen, A. M.; Lynch, S. E.; Roberts, K.C.; Wong, 
B.A. Olfactory Transport: A Direct Route of Delivery of Inhaled Manganese Phosphate 
to the Rat Brain. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A. 2002a, 65, 1493-1511. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; Wong, B.A. Brain Manganese Concentrations in Rats 
Following Manganese Tetroxide Inhalation are Unaffected by Dietary Manganese Intake. 
Neurotoxicology 2002b, 23, 185-195. 
Dorman, D.C.; McManus, B.E.; Marshall, M.W.; James, A.R.; Struve, M.F. Old Age and 
Gender Influence the Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Manganese Sulfate and Manganese 
Phosphate in Rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004a, 197, 113-124. 
Dorman, D.C.; McManus, B.E.; Parkinson, C.U.; Manuel, C.A.; McElveen, A.M.; 
Everitt, J.I. Nasal Toxicity of Manganese Sulfate and Manganese Phosphate in Young 
Male Rats Following Subchronic (13-Week) Inhalation Exposure. Inhalation Toxicol. 
2004b, 16, 481-488. 

Dorman, D.C.; McElveen, A.M.; Marshall, M.W.; Parkinson, C.U.; James, R.A.; Struve, 
M.F.; Wong, B.A. Maternal-Fetal Distribution of Manganese in the Rat Following 
Inhalation Exposure to Manganese Sulfate. Neurotoxicology 2005a, 26, 625-632. 
Dorman, D.C.; McElveen, A.M.; Marshall, M.W.; Parkinson, C.U.; James, R.A.; Struve, 
M.F.; Wong, B.A. Tissue Manganese Concentrations in Lactating Rats and Their 
Offspring Following Combined in utero and Lactation Exposure to Inhaled Manganese 
Sulfate. Toxicol Sci. 2005b, 84, 12-21. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; Gross, E.A.; Wong, B.A.; Howroyd, P.C. Sub-chronic 
Inhalation of High Concentrations of Manganese Sulfate Induces Lower Airway 
Pathology in Rhesus Monkeys. Respir Res. 2005c, 6, 121. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; Marshall, M.W.; Parkinson, C.U.; James, R.A.; Wong, B.A. 
Tissue Manganese Concentrations in Young Male Rhesus Monkeys Following 
Subchronic Manganese Sulfate Inhalation. Toxicol Sci. 2006b, 92, 201-210. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; Wong, B.A.; Dye, J.A.; Robertson, I.D. Correlation of Brain 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes with Pallidal Manganese Concentrations in 
Rhesus Monkeys Following Subchronic Manganese Inhalation. Toxicol Sci. 2006c, 92, 
219-227. 
Dorman, D.C., Struve, M.F., Norris, A., Higgins, A.J. Metabolomic Analyses of Body 
Fluids after Subchronic Manganese Inhalation in Rhesus Monkeys. Toxicol Sci. 2008 
Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print] 
Erikson, K.M.; Dobson, A.W.; Dorman, D.C.; Aschner, M. Manganese Exposure and 
Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain. Sci Tot Environ. 2004a, 334-335, 409-416. 
Erikson, K.M.; Dorman, D.C.; Lash, L.H.; Dobson, A.W.; Aschner, M. Airborne 
Manganese Exposure Differentially Affects End Points of Oxidative Stress in an Age- 
and Sex-Dependent Manner. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004b, 100, 49-62. 
Erikson, K.M.; Dorman, D.C.; Lash, L.H.; Aschner, M. Persistent Alterations in 
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Due to Combined in utero and Neonatal Manganese 
Inhalation. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2005, 104, 151-163. 
Erikson, K.M.; Dorman, D.C.; Fitsanakis V.; Lash, L.H.; Aschner, M. Alterations of 
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Due to In Utero and Neonatal Exposures of Airborne 
Manganese. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006, 111, 199-215. 
Erikson, K.M.; Dorman, D.C.; Lash, L.H.; Aschner, M. Manganese Inhalation by Rhesus 
Monkeys is Associated with Brain Regional Changes in Biomarkers of Neurotoxicity. 
Toxicol Sci. 2007, 97, 459-466. 

Erikson, K.M.; Dorman, D.C.; Lash, L.H.; Aschner, M. Duration of airborne-manganese 
exposure in rhesus monkeys is associated with brain regional changes in biomarkers of 
neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology. 2008, 29, 377-85. 
Rao, D. B., Wong, B. A., McManus, B. E., McElveen, A. M., James, A. R., and Dorman, 
D. C. Inhaled iron, unlike manganese, is not transported to the rat brain via the olfactory 
pathway. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2003, 193, 116-126. 
Struve, M.F.; McManus, B.E.; Wong, B.A.; Dorman, D.C. Basal Ganglia 
Neurotransmitter Concentrations in Rhesus Monkeys Following Subchronic Manganese 
Sulfate Inhalation. Am J Ind Med. 2007, 50, 772-8. 
Taylor, M.D.; Erikson, K.M.; Dobson, A.W.; Fitsanakis, V.A.; Dorman, D.C.; Aschner, 
M. Effects of Inhaled Manganese on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain. 
NeuroToxicology 2006, 27, 788-797. 
Vitarella, D.; James, R.A.; Miller K.L.; Struve, M.F.; Wong, B.A.; Dorman, D.C. 
Development of an Inhalation System for the Simultaneous Exposure of Rat Dams and 
Pups During Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies. 1998, Inhal. Toxicol. 10, 1095-1117. 
Vitarella, D.; Moss, O.; Dorman, D.C. Pulmonary Clearance of Manganese Phosphate, 
Manganese Sulfate, and Manganese Tetraoxide by CD Rats Following Intratracheal 
Instillation. Inhal Toxicol. 2000b, 12, 941-957. 
Vitarella, D.; Wong, B.A.; Moss, O.R.; Dorman, D.C. Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled 
Manganese Phosphate in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Following Subacute (14-Day) 
Exposure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000a, 279-285. 
Weber, S.; Dorman, D.C.; Lash, L.H.; Erikson, K.; Vrana, K.E.; Aschner, M. Effects of 
Manganese (Mn) on the Developing Rat Brain: Oxidative-stress Related Endpoints. 
Neurotoxicology 2002, 23, 169-175. 
Part D: PBPK Modeling 
Andersen, M.E.; Gearhart, J.; Clewell, H.J., III. The Role of Pharmacokinetics and Tissue 
Dosimetry in Risk Assessments for Inhaled and Ingested Manganese. Neurotoxicology 
1999, 20, 161-172. 
Aschner, M.; Dorman, D.C. Manganese: Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Mechanisms 
of Brain Uptake. Toxicol Rev. 2006, 25, 147-154. 
Dorman, D.C.; Struve, M.F.; Clewell, H.J. 3rd; Andersen, M.E. Application of 
Pharmacokinetic Data to the Risk Assessment of Inhaled Manganese. Neurotoxicology. 
2006a, 27, 752-764. 

Leavens, T.L.; Rao, D.; Andersen. M.E.; Dorman, D.C. Evaluating Transport of 
Manganese from Olfactory Mucosa to Striatum by Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Toxicol. 
Sci, 2007, 97, 265-278. 
Nong, A.; Teeguarden, J.G.; Clewell, H.J., III; Dorman, D.C.; Andersen, M.E. 
Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Manganese in the Rat IV: Assessing Factors that 
Contribute to Brain Accumulation During Inhalation Exposure. J Toxicol and Environ 
Health A, 2008a, 71: 1–14. 
Nong, A., Taylor, M.D., Clewell, H.J., III, Dorman, D.C., Andersen, M.E. Manganese 
tissue dosimetry in rats and monkeys: accounting for dietary and inhaled Mn with 
physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. Tox. Sci, 2008b, submitted. 
Teeguarden, J.G.; Dorman, D.C.; Covington, T.R.; Clewell, H.J., III; Andersen, M.E. 
Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Manganese I. Dose-Dependencies of Uptake and 
Elimination. J Toxicol and Environ Health A, 2007a, 70, 1493-504. 
Teeguarden, J.G.; Dorman, D.C.; Nong, A.; Covington, C.R.; Clewell, H.J., III; 
Andersen, M.E. Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Manganese II. Hepatic Processing after 
Ingestion and Inhalation. J Toxicol and Environ Health A, 2007b, 70, 1505-14. 
Teeguarden, J.G.; Gearhart, J.; Clewell, H.J., III; Covington, C.R.; Nong, A.; Andersen, 
M.E. Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Manganese III. Physiological Approaches 
Accounting for Background and Tracer Kinetics. J Toxicol and Environ Health A, 2007c, 
1515-26. 
Part E: Environment 
Bhuie, A.K.; Roy, D.N. Deposition of Mn from Automotive Combustion of 
Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl beside the Major Highways in the 
Greater Toronto Area, Canada. J. Air Waste Assoc. 2001, 51, 1288-1301. 
Bhuie, A.K.; Ogunseitan, O.A.; Roy, D.N. Manganese Content of Tradescancia Species 
Exposed to Automotive Combustion of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl 
in Urban and Rural Landscapes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004, 1012, 115-28. 
Bhuie, A.K.; Ogunseitan, O.A.; White, R.R.; Sain, M.; Roy, D.N. Modeling the 
Environmental Fate of Manganese from Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Ticarbonyl 
in Urban Landscapes. Sci Total Environ. 2005, 339, 167-78.