Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530-0125
Agency: epa
Document Type: Rule
Title: Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule for Public Water Systems
Posted Date: 2021-12-27T05:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 245 (Monday, December 27, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 73131-73157]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-27858]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 141

[EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530; FRL-6791-03-OW]
RIN 2040-AF89

Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) 
for Public Water Systems and Announcement of Public Meetings

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule and notice of public meetings.

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SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing a 
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) rule that requires certain public water 
systems (PWSs) to collect national occurrence data for 29 per- and 
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lithium. Subject to the 
availability of appropriations, EPA will include all systems serving 
3,300 or more people and a representative sample of 800 systems serving 
25 to 3,299 people. If EPA does not receive the appropriations needed 
for monitoring all of these systems in a given year, EPA will reduce 
the number of systems serving 25 to 10,000 people that will be asked to 
perform monitoring. This final rule is a key action to ensure science-
based decision-making and prioritize protection of disadvantaged 
communities in accordance with EPA's PFAS Strategic Roadmap. EPA is 
also announcing plans for public webinars to discuss implementation of 
the fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5).

DATES: This final rule is effective on January 26, 2022. The 
incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in this final 
rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of January 
26, 2022.

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID 
No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530. All documents in the docket are listed on the 
https://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be 
publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket 
materials are available electronically through https://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brenda D. Bowden, Standards and Risk 
Management Division (SRMD), Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water 
(OGWDW) (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin 
Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; telephone number: (513) 569-
7961; email address: [email protected]; or Melissa Simic, SRMD, 
OGWDW (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther 
King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; telephone number: (513) 569-7864; 
email address: [email protected]. For general information, visit 
the Ground Water and Drinking Water web page at: https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Summary Information
    A. Purpose of the Regulatory Action
    1. What action is EPA taking?
    2. Does this action apply to me?
    3. What is EPA's authority for taking this action?
    4. What is the applicability date?
    B. Summary of the Regulatory Action
    C. Economic Analysis
    1. What is the estimated cost of this action?
    2. What are the benefits of this action?
II. Public Participation
    A. What meetings have been held in preparation for UCMR 5?
    B. How do I participate in the upcoming meetings?
    1. Meeting Participation
    2. Meeting Materials
III. General Information
    A. How are CCL, UCMR, Regulatory Determination process, and NCOD 
interrelated?
    B. What are the Consumer Confidence Reporting and Public Notice 
Reporting requirements for public water systems that are subject to 
UCMR?
    C. What is the UCMR 5 timeline?
    D. What is the role of ``States'' in UCMR?
    E. How did EPA consider Children's Environmental Health?
    F. How did EPA address Environmental Justice?
    G. How did EPA coordinate with Indian Tribal Governments?
    H. How are laboratories approved for UCMR 5 analyses?
    1. Request To Participate
    2. Registration
    3. Application Package
    4. EPA's Review of Application Package
    5. Proficiency Testing
    6. Written EPA Approval
    I. What documents are being incorporated by reference?
    1. Methods From the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    2. Alternative Methods From American Public Health Association--
Standard Methods (SM)
    3. Methods From ASTM International
IV. Description of Final Rule and Summary of Responses to Public 
Comments
    A. What contaminants must be monitored under UCMR 5?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    a. Aggregate PFAS Measure
    b. Legionella Pneumophila
    c. Haloacetonitriles
    d. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
    B. What is the UCMR 5 sampling design?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    C. What is the sampling frequency and timing?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    D. Where are the sampling locations and what is representative 
monitoring?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    E. How long do laboratories and PWSs have to report data?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    F. What are the reporting requirements for UCMR 5?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    a. Data Elements
    b. Reporting State Data
    G. What are the UCMR 5 Minimum Reporting Levels (MRLs) and how 
were they determined?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    H. What are the requirements for laboratory analysis of field 
reagent blank samples?
    1. This Final Rule
    2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    I. How will EPA support risk communication for UCMR 5 results?
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and 
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations

[[Page 73132]]

    K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
VI. References

Abbreviations and Acronyms

[mu]g/L Microgram per Liter
11Cl-PF3OUdS 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic Acid
4:2 FTS 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid
6:2 FTS 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid
8:2 FTS 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecane Sulfonic Acid
9Cl-PF3ONS 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic Acid
ADONA 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic Acid
AES Atomic Emission Spectrometry
ASDWA Association of State Drinking Water Administrators
ASTM ASTM International
AWIA America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018
CASRN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number
CBI Confidential Business Information
CCL Contaminant Candidate List
CCR Consumer Confidence Report
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CRA Congressional Review Act
CWS Community Water System
DBP Disinfection Byproduct
DWSRF Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPTDS Entry Point to the Distribution System
FR Federal Register
FRB Field Reagent Blank
GW Ground Water
GWRMP Ground Water Representative Monitoring Plan
HFPO-DA Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (GenX)
HRL Health Reference Level
ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
ICR Information Collection Request
IDC Initial Demonstration of Capability
LCMRL Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level
LC/MS/MS Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MDBP Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct
MRL Minimum Reporting Level
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NCOD National Contaminant Occurrence Database
NDAA National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020
NEtFOSAA N-ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid
NFDHA Nonafluoro[hyphen]3,6[hyphen]dioxaheptanoic Acid
ng/L Nanogram per Liter
NMeFOSAA N-methyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic Acid
NPDWR National Primary Drinking Water Regulation
NTNCWS Non-transient Non-community Water System
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
NTWC National Tribal Water Council
OGWDW Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
OMB Office of Management and Budget
PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
PFBA Perfluorobutanoic Acid
PFBS Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid
PFDA Perfluorodecanoic Acid
PFDoA Perfluorododecanoic Acid
PFEESA Perfluoro (2[hyphen]ethoxyethane) Sulfonic Acid
PFHpA Perfluoroheptanoic Acid
PFHpS Perfluoroheptanesulfonic Acid
PFHxA Perfluorohexanoic Acid
PFHxS Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid
PFMBA Perfluoro[hyphen]4[hyphen]methoxybutanoic Acid
PFMPA Perfluoro[hyphen]3[hyphen]methoxypropanoic Acid
PFNA Perfluorononanoic Acid
PFOA Perfluorooctanoic Acid
PFOS Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid
PFPeA Perfluoropentanoic Acid
PFPeS Perfluoropentanesulfonic Acid
PFTA Perfluorotetradecanoic Acid
PFTrDA Perfluorotridecanoic Acid
PFUnA Perfluoroundecanoic Acid
PN Public Notice
PRA Paperwork Reduction Act
PT Proficiency Testing
PWS Public Water System
QC Quality Control
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
SBA Small Business Administration
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWARS Safe Drinking Water Accession and Review System
SDWIS/Fed Safe Drinking Water Information System Federal Reporting 
Services
SM Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
SPE Solid Phase Extraction
SRMD Standards and Risk Management Division
SW Surface Water
SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule
TNCWS Transient Non-community Water System
TOF Total Organic Fluorine
TOP Total Oxidizable Precursors
UCMR Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule
UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
U.S. United States
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

I. Summary Information

A. Purpose of the Regulatory Action

1. What action is EPA taking?
    This final rule requires certain public water systems (PWSs), 
described in section I.A.2 of this preamble, to collect national 
occurrence data for 29 PFAS and lithium. PFAS and lithium are not 
currently subject to national primary drinking water regulations, and 
EPA is requiring collection of data under UCMR 5 to inform EPA 
regulatory determinations and risk-management decisions. Consistent 
with EPA's PFAS Strategic Roadmap, UCMR 5 will provide new data 
critically needed to improve EPA's understanding of the frequency that 
29 PFAS (and lithium) are found in the nation's drinking water systems 
and at what levels. This data will ensure science-based decision-making 
and help prioritize protection of disadvantaged communities.
2. Does this action apply to me?
    This final rule applies to PWSs described in this section. PWSs are 
systems that provide water for human consumption through pipes, or 
constructed conveyances, to at least 15 service connections or that 
regularly serve an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 
days out of the year. A community water system (CWS) is a PWS that has 
at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or 
regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents. A non-transient non-
community water system (NTNCWS) is a PWS that is not a CWS and that 
regularly serves at least 25 of the same people over 6 months per year. 
Under this final rule, all large CWSs and NTNCWSs serving more than 
10,000 people are required to monitor. In addition, small CWSs and 
NTNCWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people are required to monitor 
(subject to available EPA appropriations and EPA notification of such 
requirement) as are the PWSs included in a nationally representative 
sample of CWSs and NTNCWSs serving between 25 and 3,299 people (see 
``Selection of Nationally Representative Public Water Systems for the 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2021 Update'' for a 
description of the statistical approach for EPA's selection of the 
nationally representative sample (USEPA, 2021a), available in the UCMR 
5 public docket). EPA expects to clarify the monitoring 
responsibilities for affected small systems by approximately July 1 of 
each year preceding sample collection, based on the availability of 
appropriations each year.
    As in previous UCMRs, transient non-community water systems 
(TNCWSs) (i.e., non-community water systems that do not regularly serve 
at least 25 of the same people over 6 months per year) are not required 
to monitor under UCMR 5. EPA leads UCMR 5 monitoring as a direct-
implementation program. States, Territories, and Tribes with primary 
enforcement responsibility (primacy) to administer the regulatory 
program for PWSs under SDWA (hereinafter collectively referred to in 
this document as ``states''), can participate in the implementation of 
UCMR 5 through voluntary Partnership Agreements (see

[[Page 73133]]

discussion of Partnership Agreements in Section III.D of this 
preamble). Under Partnership Agreements, states can choose to be 
involved in various aspects of UCMR 5 monitoring for PWSs they oversee; 
however, the PWS remains responsible for compliance with the final 
rule. Potentially regulated categories and entities are identified in 
the following table.

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                   Category                        Examples of potentially regulated entities         NAICS *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, local, & Tribal governments............  State, local, and Tribal governments that                 924110
                                                 analyze water samples on behalf of PWSs
                                                 required to conduct such analysis; State,
                                                 local, and Tribal governments that directly
                                                 operate CWSs and NTNCWSs required to monitor.
Industry......................................  Private operators of CWSs and NTNCWSs required            221310
                                                 to monitor.
Municipalities................................  Municipal operators of CWSs and NTNCWSs required          924110
                                                 to monitor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* NAICS = North American Industry Classification System.

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this 
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is aware could 
potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not 
listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether your 
entity is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine the 
definition of PWS found in Title 40 in the Code of Federal Regulations 
(CFR) at 40 CFR 141.2 and 141.3, and the applicability criteria found 
in 40 CFR 141.40(a)(1) and (2). If you have questions regarding the 
applicability of this action to a particular entity, please consult the 
contacts listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section of this preamble.
3. What is EPA's authority for taking this action?
    As part of EPA's responsibilities under SDWA, the agency implements 
section 1445(a)(2), Monitoring Program for Unregulated Contaminants. 
This section, as amended in 1996, requires that once every five years, 
beginning in August 1999, EPA issue a list of not more than 30 
unregulated contaminants to be monitored by PWSs. SDWA requires that 
EPA enter the monitoring data into the agency's publicly available 
National Contaminant Occurrence Database (NCOD) at https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/national-contaminant-occurrence-database-ncod.
    EPA must vary the frequency and schedule for monitoring based on 
the number of people served, the source of supply, and the contaminants 
likely to be found. EPA is using SDWA Section 1445(a)(2) authority as 
the basis for monitoring the unregulated contaminants under this final 
rule.
    Section 2021 of America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA) 
(Pub. L. 115-270) amended SDWA and specifies that, subject to the 
availability of EPA appropriations for such purpose and sufficient 
laboratory capacity, EPA's UCMR program must require all PWSs serving 
between 3,300 and 10,000 people to monitor for the contaminants in a 
particular UCMR cycle, and ensure that only a nationally representative 
sample of systems serving between 25 and 3,299 people are required to 
monitor for those contaminants. EPA has developed this final rule 
anticipating that necessary appropriations will become available; 
however, to date, Congress has not appropriated additional funding 
(i.e., funding in addition to the $2.0 million that EPA has 
historically set aside each year from the Drinking Water State 
Revolving Fund, using SDWA authority, to support UCMR monitoring at 
small systems) to cover monitoring expenses for all PWSs serving 
between 3,300 and 10,000 people. Provisions in the final rule enable 
the agency to adjust the number of these systems that must monitor 
based upon available appropriations.
    AWIA did not amend the original SDWA requirements for large PWSs. 
Therefore, PWSs serving a population larger than 10,000 people continue 
to be responsible for participating in UCMR.
    Section 7311 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2020 (NDAA) (Pub. L. 116-92) amended SDWA and specifies that EPA 
shall include all PFAS in UCMR 5 for which a drinking water method has 
been validated by the Administrator and that are not subject to a 
national primary drinking water regulation.
4. What is the applicability date?
    The applicability date represents an internal milestone used by EPA 
to determine if a PWS is included in the UCMR program and whether it 
will be treated as small (i.e., serving 25 to 10,000 people) or large 
(i.e., serving more than 10,000 people). It does not represent a date 
by which respondents need to take any action. The determination of 
whether a PWS is required to monitor under UCMR 5 is based on the type 
of system (e.g., CWS, NTNCWS, etc.) and its retail population served, 
as indicated by the Safe Drinking Water Information System Federal 
Reporting Services (SDWIS/Fed) inventory on February 1, 2021. SDWIS/Fed 
can be accessed at https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/safe-drinking-water-information-system-sdwis-federal-reporting. 
Examining water system type and population served as of February 1, 
2021 allowed EPA to develop a draft list of PWSs tentatively subject to 
UCMR 5 and share that list with the states during 2021 for their 
review. This advance planning and review then allowed EPA to load 
state-reviewed PWS information into EPA's reporting system so that 
those PWSs can be promptly notified upon publication of this final 
rule. If a PWS receives such notification and believes it has been 
erroneously included in UCMR 5 based on an incorrect retail population, 
the system should contact their state authority to verify its 
population served as of the applicability date. If an error impacting 
rule applicability is identified, the state or the PWS may contact EPA 
to address the error. The 5-year UCMR 5 cycle spans January 2022 
through December 2026, with preparations in 2022, sample collection 
between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2025, and completion of data 
reporting in 2026. By approximately July 1 of the year prior to each 
year's sample collection (i.e., by July 1, 2022 for 2023 sampling; by 
July 1, 2023 for 2024 sampling; and by July 1, 2024 for 2025 sampling) 
EPA expects to determine whether it has received necessary 
appropriations to support its plan to monitor at all systems serving 
between 3,300 and 10,000 people and at a representative group of 800 
smaller systems. As EPA finalizes its small-system plan for each sample 
collection year, the agency will notify the small PWSs accordingly.

B. Summary of the Regulatory Action

    EPA is requiring certain PWSs to collect occurrence data for 29 
PFAS and lithium. This document addresses key aspects of UCMR 5, 
including the following: Analytical methods to

[[Page 73134]]

measure the contaminants; laboratory approval; monitoring timeframe; 
sampling locations; data elements (i.e., information required to be 
collected along with the occurrence data); data reporting timeframes; 
monitoring cost; public participation; conforming and editorial 
changes, such as those necessary to remove requirements solely related 
to UCMR 4; and EPA responses to public comments on the proposed rule. 
This document also discusses the implication for UCMR 5 of the AWIA 
Section 2021(a) requirement that EPA collect monitoring data from all 
systems serving more than 3,300 people ``subject to the availability of 
appropriations.''
    Regardless of whether EPA is able to carry out the small-system 
monitoring as planned, or instead reduces the scope of that monitoring, 
the small-system data collection, coupled with data collection from all 
systems serving more than 10,000 people under this action, will provide 
scientifically valid data on the national occurrence of 29 PFAS and 
lithium in drinking water. The UCMR data are the primary source of 
national occurrence data that EPA uses to inform regulatory and other 
risk management decisions for drinking water contaminant candidates.
    EPA is required under SDWA Section 1445(a)(2)(C)(ii) to pay the 
``reasonable cost of such testing and laboratory analysis'' for all 
applicable PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 people. Consistent with AWIA, EPA 
will require monitoring at as many systems serving 3,300 to 10,000 
people as appropriations support (see Section IV.B of this preamble for 
more information on the agency's sampling design).
    The agency received several public comments expressing concern that 
significant laboratory capacity will be needed to support the full 
scope envisioned for UCMR 5 PFAS monitoring. EPA anticipates that 
sufficient laboratory capacity will exist to support the expanded UCMR 
5 scope. EPA's experience over the first four cycles of UCMR 
implementation has been that laboratory capacity quickly grows to meet 
UCMR demand. EPA also notes that the number of laboratories 
successfully participating in the early stages of the UCMR 5 laboratory 
approval program is a good indicator that there will be a robust 
national network of laboratories experienced in PFAS drinking water 
analysis.
    By early 2022, EPA will notify all small CWSs and NTNCWSs serving 
between 3,300 and 10,000 people of their anticipated requirement to 
monitor, which EPA expects to confirm and schedule by July 1 preceding 
each collection year based on the availability of appropriations. The 
nationally representative sample of smaller PWSs described in Section 
I.A of this preamble will be similarly notified and advised of their 
schedules.
    This final rule addresses the requirements of the NDAA by including 
all 29 PFAS that are within the scope of EPA Methods 533 and 537.1. 
Both of these methods have been validated by EPA for drinking water 
analysis.

C. Economic Analysis

1. What is the estimated cost of this action?
    EPA estimates the total average national cost of this action would 
be $21 million per year over the 5-year effective period of the final 
rule (2022-2026) assuming EPA collects information from all systems 
serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people. All of these costs are 
associated with paperwork burden under the Paperwork Reduction Act 
(PRA). EPA discusses the expected costs as well as documents the 
assumptions and data sources used in the preparation of this estimate 
in the ``Information Collection Request for the Final Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5)'' (USEPA, 2021b). Costs are 
incurred by large PWSs (for sampling and analysis); small PWSs (for 
sampling); state regulatory agencies (i.e., those who volunteer to 
assist EPA with oversight and implementation support); and EPA (for 
regulatory support and oversight activities, and analytical and 
shipping costs for samples from small PWSs). These costs are also 
summarized in Exhibit 1 of this preamble. EPA's estimates are based on 
executing the full monitoring plan for small systems (i.e., including 
all systems serving 3,300 to 10,000 people and a representative group 
of 800 smaller systems). As such, those estimates represent an upper 
bound. If EPA does not receive the necessary appropriations in one or 
more of the collections years--and thus collects data from fewer small 
systems--the actual costs would be lower than those estimated here.
    EPA received several comments on the cost of monitoring. EPA has 
accounted for the cost/burden associated with all of the PWS activities 
as part of the comprehensive cost/burden estimates. In order to provide 
the most accurate and updated cost estimate, EPA re-examined labor 
burden estimates for states, EPA, and PWS activities and updated costs 
of laboratory services for sample analysis, based on consultations with 
national drinking water laboratories, when developing this final rule.
    The costs for a particular UCMR cycle are heavily influenced by the 
selection of contaminants and associated analytical methods. EPA 
identified three EPA-developed analytical methods (and, in the case of 
lithium, multiple optional alternative methods) to analyze samples for 
UCMR 5 contaminants. EPA's estimate of the UCMR 5 analytical cost is 
$740 per sample set (i.e., $740 to analyze a set of samples from one 
sample point and one sample event for the 30 UCMR 5 contaminants).
    Exhibit 1 of this preamble details the EPA-estimated annual average 
national costs (accounting for labor and non-labor expenses). 
Laboratory analysis and sample shipping account for approximately 65 
percent of the estimated total national cost for the implementation of 
UCMR 5. EPA estimated laboratory costs based on consultations with 
multiple commercial drinking water testing laboratories. EPA's cost 
estimates for the laboratory methods include shipping and analysis.
    EPA expects that states will incur modest labor costs associated 
with voluntary assistance with the implementation of UCMR 5. EPA 
estimated state costs using the relevant assumptions from the State 
Resource Model developed by the Association of State Drinking Water 
Administrators (ASDWA) (ASDWA, 2013) to help states forecast resource 
needs. Model estimates were adjusted to account for actual levels of 
state participation under UCMR 4. State assistance with EPA's 
implementation of UCMR 5 is voluntary; thus, the level of effort is 
expected to vary among states and will depend on their individual 
agreements with EPA.
    EPA assumes that one-third of the systems will collect samples 
during each of the three sample-collection years from January 2023 
through December 2025.

[[Page 73135]]

         Exhibit 1--Estimated Average Annual Costs of UCMR 5 \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        Average annual
                       Entity                           cost (million)
                                                       (2022-2026) \ 2\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small PWSs (25-10,000), including labor \3\ only                    $0.3
 (non-labor costs \4\ paid for by EPA)..............
Large PWSs (10,001-100,000), including labor and non-                7.0
 labor costs........................................
Very Large PWSs (100,001 and greater), including                     2.2
 labor and non-labor costs..........................
States, including labor costs related to                             0.8
 implementation coordination........................
EPA, including labor for implementation and non-                \5\ 10.5
 labor for small system testing.....................
                                                     -------------------
    Average Annual National Total...................                20.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Based on the scope of small-system monitoring described in AWIA.
\2\ Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding.
\3\ Labor costs pertain to PWSs, states, and EPA. Costs include
  activities such as reading the final rule, notifying systems selected
  to participate, sample collection, data review, reporting, and record
  keeping.
\4\ Non-labor costs will be incurred primarily by EPA and by large and
  very large PWSs. They include the cost of shipping samples to
  laboratories for testing and the cost of the laboratory analyses.
\5\ For a typical UCMR program that involves the expanded scope
  prescribed by AWIA, EPA estimates an average annual cost to the agency
  of $17M/year (over a 5-year cycle) ($2M/year for the representative
  sample of 800 PWSs serving between 25 and 3,299 people and $15M/year
  for all PWSs serving between 3,300 and 10,000 people). The projected
  cost to EPA for UCMR 5 implementation is lower than for a typical UCMR
  program because of lower sample analysis expenses. Those lower
  expenses are a result of analytical method efficiencies (i.e., being
  able to monitor for 30 chemicals with only three analytical methods).

    Additional details regarding EPA's cost assumptions and estimates 
can be found in the Information Collection Request (ICR) (USEPA, 
2021b), ICR Number 2040-0304, which presents estimated cost and labor 
hours for the 5-year UCMR 5 period of 2022-2026. Copies of the ICR may 
be obtained from the EPA public docket for this final rule under Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530.
2. What are the benefits of this action?
    The public benefits from the information about whether or not 
unregulated contaminants are present in their drinking water. If 
contaminants are not found, consumer confidence in their drinking water 
should improve. If contaminants are found, related health effects may 
be avoided when subsequent actions, such as regulations, are 
implemented, reducing or eliminating those contaminants.

II. Public Participation

A. What meetings have been held in preparation for UCMR 5?

    EPA held three public meetings on UCMR 5 over the period of 2018 
through 2021. EPA held a meeting focused on drinking water methods for 
unregulated contaminants on June 6, 2018, in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Representatives from state agencies, laboratories, PWSs, environmental 
organizations, and drinking water associations joined the meeting via 
webinar and in person. Meeting topics included an overview of 
regulatory process elements (including the Contaminant Candidate List 
(CCL), UCMR, and Regulatory Determination), and drinking water methods 
under development (see USEPA, 2018 for presentation materials). EPA 
held a second meeting on July 16, 2019, in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Representatives from State agencies, Tribes, laboratories, PWSs, 
environmental organizations, and drinking water associations 
participated in the meeting via webinar and in person. Meeting topics 
included the impacts of AWIA, analytical methods and contaminants being 
considered by EPA, potential sampling design, and other possible 
aspects of the UCMR 5 approach (see USEPA, 2019a for meeting 
materials). EPA held two identical virtual meetings on April 6 and 7, 
2021, during the public comment period for the proposed rule (see 
USEPA, 2021c for presentation materials). Topics included the proposed 
UCMR 5 monitoring requirements, analyte selection and rationale, 
analytical methods, the laboratory approval process, and ground water 
representative monitoring plans (GWRMPs). Representatives of state 
agencies, laboratories, PWSs, environmental organizations, and drinking 
water associations participated in the meeting via webinar. In Section 
II.B of this preamble, the agency is announcing additional meetings to 
be held in 2022, which will assist with implementation.

B. How do I participate in the upcoming meetings?

    EPA will hold multiple virtual meetings during 2022 to discuss UCMR 
5 implementation planning, data reporting using Safe Drinking Water 
Accession and Review System (SDWARS), and best practices for sample 
collection. Dates and times of the upcoming meetings will be posted on 
EPA's website at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials. EPA anticipates hosting 
the meetings focused on implementation planning in spring 2022, and the 
SDWARS and sample-collection meetings in fall 2022. Stakeholders who 
have participated in past UCMR meetings and/or those who register to 
use SDWARS will receive notification of these events. Other interested 
stakeholders are also welcome to participate.
1. Meeting Participation
    Those who wish to participate in the public meetings, via webinar, 
can find information on how to register at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials. 
The number of webinar connections available for the meetings are 
limited and will be available on a first-come, first-served basis. If 
stakeholder interest results in exceeding the maximum number of 
available connections for participants in upcoming webinar offerings, 
EPA may schedule additional webinars, with dates and times posted on 
EPA's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Program Meetings and Materials 
web page at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials.
2. Meeting Materials
    EPA expects to send meeting materials by email to all registered 
participants prior to the meeting. The materials will be posted on 
EPA's website at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-

[[Page 73136]]

monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials for people who do not 
participate in the webinar.

III. General Information

A. How are CCL, UCMR, Regulatory Determination process, and NCOD 
interrelated?

    Under the 1996 amendments to SDWA, Congress established a multi-
step, risk-based approach for determining which contaminants would 
become subject to drinking water standards. Under the first step, EPA 
is required to publish a CCL every five years that identifies 
contaminants that are not subject to any proposed or promulgated 
drinking water regulations, are known or anticipated to occur in PWSs, 
and may require future regulation under SDWA. EPA published the draft 
CCL 5 in the Federal Register on July 19, 2021 (86 FR 37948, July 19, 
2021 (USEPA, 2021d)). Under the second step, EPA must require, every 
five years, monitoring of unregulated contaminants as described in this 
action. The third step requires EPA to determine, every five years, 
whether or not to regulate at least five contaminants from the CCL. 
Under Section 1412(b)(1)(A) of SDWA, EPA regulates a contaminant in 
drinking water if the Administrator determines that:

    (1) The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of 
persons;
    (2) The contaminant is known to occur or there is substantial 
likelihood that the contaminant will occur in PWSs with a frequency 
and at levels of public health concern; and
    (3) In the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of 
such contaminant presents a meaningful opportunity for health risk 
reduction for persons served by PWSs.

    For the contaminants that meet all three criteria, SDWA requires 
EPA to publish national primary drinking water regulations (NPDWRs). 
Information on the CCL and the regulatory determination process can be 
found at: https://www.epa.gov/ccl.
    The data collected through the UCMR program are made available to 
the public through the National Contaminant Occurrence Database (NCOD) 
for drinking water. EPA developed the NCOD to satisfy requirements in 
SDWA Section 1445(g), to assemble and maintain a drinking water 
contaminant occurrence database for both regulated and unregulated 
contaminants in drinking water systems. NCOD houses data on unregulated 
contaminant occurrence; data from EPA's ``Six-Year Review'' of national 
drinking water regulations; and ambient and/or source water data. 
Section 1445(g)(3) of SDWA requires that EPA maintain UCMR data in the 
NCOD and use the data when evaluating the frequency and level of 
occurrence of contaminants in drinking water at a level of public 
health concern. UCMR results can be viewed by the public via NCOD 
(https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/national-contaminant-occurrence-database-ncod) or via the UCMR web page at: https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr.

B. What are the Consumer Confidence Reporting and Public Notice 
Reporting requirements for public water systems that are subject to 
UCMR?

    In addition to reporting UCMR monitoring data to EPA, PWSs are 
responsible for presenting and addressing UCMR results in their annual 
Consumer Confidence Reports (CCRs) (40 CFR 141.153) and must address 
Public Notice (PN) requirements associated with UCMR (40 CFR 141.207). 
More details about the CCR and PN requirements can be viewed by the 
public at: https://www.epa.gov/ccr and https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/public-notification-rule, respectively.

C. What is the UCMR 5 timeline?

    This final rule identifies a UCMR 5 sampling period of 2023 to 
2025. Prior to 2023 EPA will coordinate laboratory approval, 
tentatively select representative small systems (USEPA, 2021a), 
organize Partnership Agreements, develop State Monitoring Plans (see 
Section III.D of this preamble), establish monitoring schedules and 
inventory, and conduct outreach and training. Exhibit 2 of this 
preamble illustrates the major activities that EPA expects will take 
place in preparation for and during the implementation of UCMR 5.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[[Page 73137]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR27DE21.000

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C

D. What is the role of ``States'' in UCMR?

    UCMR is a direct implementation rule (i.e., EPA has primary 
responsibility for its implementation) and state participation is 
voluntary. Under the previous UCMR cycles, specific activities that 
individual states agreed to carry out or assist with were identified 
and established exclusively through Partnership Agreements. Through 
Partnership Agreements, states can help EPA implement UCMR and help 
ensure that the UCMR data are of the highest quality possible to best 
support the agency decision making. Under UCMR 5, EPA will continue to 
use the Partnership Agreement process to determine and document the 
following:

[[Page 73138]]

The process for review and revision of the State Monitoring Plans; 
replacing and updating PWS information, including inventory (i.e., PWS 
identification codes (PWSID), facility identification code along with 
associated facility types and water source type, etc.); review of 
proposed GWRMPs; notification and instructions for systems; and 
compliance assistance. EPA recognizes that states often have the best 
information about their PWSs and encourages them to partner in the UCMR 
5 program.

E. How did EPA consider Children's Environmental Health?

    By monitoring for unregulated contaminants that may pose health 
risks via drinking water, UCMR furthers the protection of public health 
for all citizens, including children. Children consume more water per 
unit of body weight compared to adults. Moreover, formula-fed infants 
drink a large amount of water compared to their body weight; thus, 
children's exposure to contaminants in drinking water may present a 
disproportionate health risk (USEPA, 2011). The objective of UCMR 5 is 
to collect nationally representative drinking water occurrence data on 
unregulated contaminants for future regulatory consideration. 
Information on the prioritization process, as well as contaminant-
specific information (e.g., source, use, production, release, 
persistence, mobility, health effects, and occurrence), that EPA used 
to select the analyte list, is contained in ``Information Compendium 
for Contaminants for the Final Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 
(UCMR 5)'' (USEPA, 2021e), available in the UCMR 5 public docket.
    Since this is a final rule to monitor for contaminants and not to 
reduce their presence in drinking water to an acceptable level, the 
rule does not concern environmental health or safety risks presenting a 
disproportionate risk to children that would be addressed by this 
action (See Section V.G Executive Order 13045 of this preamble). 
Therefore, Executive Order 13045 does not apply to UCMR. However, EPA's 
Policy on Evaluating Health Risks to Children, which ensures that the 
health of infants and children is explicitly considered in the agency's 
decision making, is applicable, see: https://www.epa.gov/children/epas-policy-evaluating-risk-children.
    EPA considered children's health risks during the development of 
UCMR 5. This included considering public comments about candidate 
contaminant priorities. Many commenters supported the agency's 
inclusion of PFAS and lithium in UCMR 5. Some commenters requested that 
EPA consider children and infant health risks in its risk communication 
for UCMR 5.
    Using quantitation data from multiple laboratories, EPA establishes 
statistically-based UCMR reporting levels the agency considers feasible 
for the national network of approved drinking water laboratories. EPA 
generally sets the reporting levels as low as is technologically 
practical for measurement by that national network of laboratories, 
even if that level is well below concentrations that are currently 
associated with known or suspected health effects. In doing so, EPA 
positions itself to better address contaminant risk information in the 
future, including that associated with unique risks to children.

F. How did EPA address Environmental Justice (EJ)?

    EPA has concluded that this action is not subject to Executive 
Order 12898 because it does not establish an environmental health or 
safety standard (see Section V.J Executive Order 12898 of this 
preamble). EPA Administrator Regan issued a directive to all EPA staff 
to incorporate environmental justice (EJ) into the agency's work, 
including regulatory activities, such as integrating EJ considerations 
into the regulatory development processes and considering regulatory 
options to maximize benefits to communities that ``continue to suffer 
from disproportionately high pollution levels and the resulting adverse 
health and environmental impacts.'' In keeping with this directive, and 
consistent with AWIA, EPA will, subject to the availability of 
sufficient appropriations, expand UCMR 5 to include all PWSs serving 
between 3,300 and 10,000 people as described in Sections I.A.4 and IV.B 
of this preamble. If there are sufficient appropriations, the expansion 
in the number of participating PWSs will provide a more comprehensive 
assessment of contaminant occurrence data from small and rural 
communities, including disadvantaged communities.
    By developing a national characterization of unregulated 
contaminants that may pose health risks via drinking water from PWSs, 
UCMR furthers the protection of public health for all citizens. If EPA 
receives the needed appropriations, the expansion in monitoring scope 
reflected in UCMR 5 (i.e., including all PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 
people) will better support state and regional analyses and 
determination of potential EJ-related issues that need to be addressed. 
EPA structured the UCMR 5 rulemaking process to allow for meaningful 
involvement and transparency. EPA organized public meetings and 
webinars to share information regarding the development and 
implementation of UCMR 5; consulted with Tribal governments; and 
convened a workgroup that included representatives from several states. 
EPA will support stakeholder interest in UCMR 5 results by making them 
publicly available, as described in Section III.A of this preamble, and 
by developing additional risk-communication materials to help 
individuals and communities understand the significance of contaminant 
occurrence.
    EPA received multiple comments on environmental justice 
considerations. Commenters expressed support for the continued 
collection of U.S. Postal Service Zip Codes for each PWS's service area 
and requested that EPA provide multilingual UCMR materials. EPA will 
continue to collect Zip Codes for UCMR 5, as collected under UCMR 3 and 
UCMR 4, to support potential assessments of whether or not certain 
communities are disproportionately impacted by particular drinking 
water contaminants. EPA also intends to develop the sampling 
instructions, fact sheets, and data summaries in both English and 
Spanish.

G. How did EPA coordinate with Indian Tribal Governments?

    EPA has concluded that this action has Tribal implications. 
However, it will neither impose substantial direct compliance costs on 
federally recognized Tribal governments, nor preempt Tribal law. (See 
section V.F Executive Order 13175 of this preamble).
    EPA consulted with Tribal officials under the EPA Policy on 
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribes early in the process 
of developing this action to ensure meaningful and timely input into 
its development. EPA initiated the Tribal consultation and coordination 
process before proposing the rule by mailing a ``Notification of 
Consultation and Coordination'' letter on June 26, 2019, to the Tribal 
leadership of the then 573 federally recognized Tribes. The letter 
invited Tribal leaders and representatives of Tribal governments to 
participate in an August 6, 2019, UCMR 5 Tribal consultation and 
coordination informational meeting. Presentation topics included an 
overview of the UCMR program, potential approaches to monitoring and 
implementation for UCMR 5, and the UCMR 5 contaminants and analytical 
methods under consideration. After the presentation, EPA provided an 
opportunity for input

[[Page 73139]]

and questions on the action. Eight representatives from five Tribes 
attended the August meeting. Tribal representatives asked clarifying 
questions regarding program costs to PWSs and changes in PWS 
participation per AWIA. EPA addressed the questions during the meeting. 
Following the meeting, EPA received and addressed one additional 
clarifying question from a Tribal representative during the Tribal 
consultation process. No other Tribal representatives submitted written 
comments during the UCMR 5 consultation comment period that ended 
September 1, 2019.
    Prior to the August 2019 meeting, EPA provided additional 
opportunities for Tribal officials to provide meaningful and timely 
input into the development of the proposed rule. On July 10, 2019, EPA 
participated in a monthly conference call with the National Tribal 
Water Council (NTWC). EPA shared a brief summary of UCMR statutory 
requirements with the Council and highlighted the upcoming official 
Tribal meeting. EPA also invited Tribal leaders and representatives to 
participate in a public meeting, held on July 16, 2019, to discuss the 
development of the proposed rule. Representatives from six Tribes 
participated in the public meeting. Following the publication of the 
proposal, EPA advised the Indian Health Services of the 60-day public 
comment period to assist with facilitating additional Tribal comments 
on the proposed rule. EPA received no public comments from Tribal 
officials.
    A complete summary of the consultation, titled, ``Summary of the 
Tribal Coordination and Consultation Process for the Fifth Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' is provided in the 
UCMR 5 public docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble.

H. How are laboratories approved for UCMR 5 analyses?

    Consistent with prior UCMRs, this action maintains the requirement 
that PWSs use laboratories approved by EPA to analyze UCMR 5 samples. 
Interested laboratories are encouraged to apply for EPA approval as 
early as possible. The UCMR 5 laboratory approval process, which began 
with the publication of the UCMR 5 proposal, is designed to assess 
whether laboratories possess the required equipment and can meet 
laboratory-performance and data-reporting criteria described in this 
action.
    EPA expects demand for laboratory support to increase significantly 
based on the greater number of PWSs expected to participate in UCMR 5. 
EPA anticipates that the number of participating small water systems 
will increase from the typical 800 to approximately 6,000 (see Exhibit 
5 in Section IV.B of this preamble). In preparation for this increase, 
EPA will solicit proposals and award contracts to laboratories to 
support small system monitoring prior to the end of the proficiency 
testing (PT) program. As in previous UCMR programs, EPA expects that 
laboratories awarded contracts by EPA will be required to first be 
approved to perform all methods. The requirements for the laboratory 
approval process are described in steps 1 through 6 of the following 
paragraphs.
    EPA will require laboratories seeking approval to: (1) Provide EPA 
with data documenting an initial demonstration of capability (IDC) as 
outlined in each method; (2) verify successful performance at or below 
the minimum reporting levels (MRLs) as specified in this action; (3) 
provide information about laboratory standard operating procedures 
(SOPs); and (4) participate in two EPA PT studies for the analytes of 
interest. Audits of laboratories may be conducted by EPA prior to and/
or following approval, and maintaining approval is contingent on timely 
and accurate reporting. The ``UCMR 5 Laboratory Approval Manual'' 
(USEPA, 2021f), available in the UCMR 5 public docket, provides more 
specific guidance on EPA laboratory approval program and the specific 
method acceptance criteria. EPA has included sample-collection 
procedures that are specific to the methods in the ``UCMR 5 Laboratory 
Manual,'' and will address these procedures in our outreach to the PWSs 
that will be collecting samples.
    The UCMR 5 laboratory approval program will provide an assessment 
of the ability of laboratories to perform analyses using the methods 
listed in 40 CFR 141.40(a)(3), Table 1 of this preamble. Laboratory 
participation in the program is voluntary. However, as in the previous 
UCMRs, EPA will require PWSs to exclusively use laboratories that have 
been approved under the program. EPA will post a list of approved UCMR 
5 laboratories to https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr and will bring this to the 
attention of the PWSs in our outreach.
1. Request To Participate
    Laboratories interested in the UCMR 5 laboratory approval program 
first email EPA at: [email protected] to request registration 
materials. EPA began accepting requests beginning with the publication 
of the proposal in the Federal Register.
2. Registration
    Laboratory applicants provide registration information that 
includes laboratory name, mailing address, shipping address, contact 
name, phone number, email address, and a list of the UCMR 5 methods for 
which the laboratory is seeking approval. This registration step 
provides EPA with the necessary contact information and ensures that 
each laboratory receives a customized application package.
3. Application Package
    Laboratory applicants will complete and return a customized 
application package that includes the following: IDC data, including 
precision, accuracy, and results of MRL studies; information regarding 
analytical equipment and other materials; proof of current drinking 
water laboratory certification (for select compliance monitoring 
methods); method-specific SOPs; and example chromatograms for each 
method under review.
    As a condition of receiving and maintaining approval, the 
laboratory must promptly post UCMR 5 monitoring results and quality 
control data that meet method criteria (on behalf of its PWS clients) 
to EPA's UCMR electronic data reporting system, SDWARS.
    Based on the January 1, 2023 start for UCMR 5 sample collection, 
the deadline for a laboratory to submit the necessary registration and 
application information is August 1, 2022.
4. EPA's Review of Application Package
    EPA will review the application packages and, if necessary, request 
follow-up information. Laboratories that successfully complete the 
application process become eligible to participate in the UCMR 5 PT 
program.
5. Proficiency Testing
    A PT sample is a synthetic sample containing a concentration of an 
analyte or mixture of analytes that is known to EPA, but unknown to the 
laboratory. To be approved, a laboratory must meet specific acceptance 
criteria for the analysis of a UCMR 5 PT sample(s) for each analyte in 
each method, for which the laboratory is seeking approval. EPA offered 
three PT studies between publication of the proposed rule and final 
rule, and anticipates offering at least two additional studies. 
Interested laboratories must participate in and report data for at 
least two PT studies. This allows EPA to collect a robust dataset for 
PT results, and provides laboratories with extra analytical experience 
using UCMR 5 methods. Laboratories must pass a PT for every analyte in 
the method to be approved

[[Page 73140]]

for that method and may participate in multiple PT studies in order to 
produce passing results for each analyte. EPA has taken this approach 
in UCMR 5, recognizing that EPA Method 533 contains 25 analytes. EPA 
does not expect to conduct additional PT studies after the start of PWS 
monitoring; however, EPA expects to conduct laboratory audits (remote 
and/or on-site) throughout the implementation of UCMR 5 on an as needed 
and/or random basis. Initial laboratory approval is contingent on 
successful completion of PT studies, which includes properly uploading 
the PT results to SDWARS. Continued laboratory approval is contingent 
on successful completion of the audit process and satisfactorily 
meeting all the other stated conditions.
6. Written EPA Approval
    For laboratories that have already successfully completed steps 1 
through 5, EPA sent the laboratory a notification letter listing the 
methods for which approval was ``pending'' (i.e., pending promulgation 
of this final rule). Because no changes have been made to the final 
rule that impact the laboratory approval program, laboratories that 
received pending-approval letters will be notified of full approval 
without further action on their part. Approval actions for additional 
laboratories that successfully complete steps 1 through 5 will also be 
documented by EPA in writing.

I. What documents are being incorporated by reference?

    The following methods are being incorporated by reference into this 
section for UCMR 5 monitoring. All method material is available for 
inspection electronically at https://www.regulations.gov (Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530), or from the sources listed for each method. The 
methods that may be used to support monitoring under this final rule 
are as follows:
1. Methods From the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    The following methods are available at EPA's Docket No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2020-0530.
    (i) EPA Method 200.7 ``Determination of Metals and Trace Elements 
in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission 
Spectrometry,'' Revision 4.4, 1994. Available at https://www.epa.gov/esam/method-2007-determination-metals-and-trace-elements-water-and-wastes-inductively-coupled-plasma. This is an EPA method for the 
analysis of metals and trace elements in water by ICP-AES and may be 
used to measure lithium during UCMR 5. See also the discussion of non-
EPA alternative methods for lithium in this section.
    (ii) EPA Method 533 ``Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl 
Substances in Drinking Water by Isotope Dilution Anion Exchange Solid 
Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,'' 
November 2019, EPA 815-B-19-020. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods/analytical-methods-developed-epa-analysis-unregulated-contaminants. This is an EPA method for the analysis PFAS 
in drinking water using SPE and LC/MS/MS and is to be used to measure 
25 PFAS during UCMR 5 (11Cl-PF3OUdS, 8:2 FTS, 4:2 FTS, 6:2 FTS, ADONA, 
9Cl-PF3ONS, HFPO-DA (GenX), NFDHA, PFEESA, PFMPA, PFMBA, PFBS, PFBA, 
PFDA, PFDoA, PFHpS, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFHxA, PFNA, PFOS, PFOA, PFPeS, 
PFPeA, and PFUnA).
    (iii) EPA Method 537.1 ``Determination of Selected Per- and 
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid Phase 
Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/
MS),'' Version 2.0, March 2020, EPA/600/R-20/006. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods/analytical-methods-developed-epa-analysis-unregulated-contaminants. This is an EPA method for the 
analysis of PFAS in drinking water using SPE and LC/MS/MS and is to be 
used to measure four PFAS during UCMR 5 (NEtFOSAA, NMeFOSAA, PFTA, and 
PFTrDA).
2. Alternative Methods From American Public Health Association--
Standard Methods (SM)
    The following methods are from American Public Health--Standard 
Methods (SM), 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
    (i) ``Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater,'' 
23rd edition (2017).
    (a) SM 3120 B, ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (2017): 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.'' This is a Standard Method 
for the analysis of metals in water and wastewater by emission 
spectroscopy using ICP and may be used for the analysis of lithium.
    (ii) ``Standard Methods Online,'' approved 1999. Available for 
purchase at https://www.standardmethods.org.
    (a) SM 3120 B, ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy: 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method, Standard Methods Online,'' 
revised December 14, 2020. This is a Standard Method for the analysis 
of metals in water and wastewater by emission spectroscopy using ICP 
and may be used for the analysis of lithium.
3. Methods From ASTM International
    The following methods are from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor 
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
    (i) ASTM D1976-20, ``Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by 
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy,'' approved May 
1, 2020. Available for purchase at https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1976.htm. This is an ASTM method for the analysis of elements in water 
by ICP-AES and may be used to measure lithium.

IV. Description of Final Rule and Summary of Responses to Public 
Comments

    EPA published ``Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring 
Rule (UCMR 5) for Public Water Systems and Announcement of Public 
Meeting;'' Proposed Rule, on March 11, 2021 (86 FR 13846, (USEPA, 
2021g)). The UCMR 5 proposal identified three EPA analytical methods, 
and multiple alternative methods, to support water system monitoring 
for 30 UCMR 5 contaminants (29 PFAS and lithium) and detailed other 
potential changes relative to UCMR 4. Among the other changes reflected 
in the UCMR 5 proposal were the following: Requirement for water 
systems serving 3,300 to 10,000 people to monitor per AWIA requirements 
``subject to the availability of appropriations''; provisions for 
sampling frequency, timing, and locations; submission timeframe for 
GWRMPs; data reporting timeframes; and reporting requirements.
    EPA received 75 sets of comments from 72 public commenters, 
including other federal agencies, state and local governments, 
utilities and utility stakeholder organizations, laboratories, 
academia, non-governmental organizations, and other interested 
stakeholders. After considering the comments, EPA developed the final 
UCMR 5 as described in Exhibit 3 of this preamble. Except as noted, the 
UCMR 5 final rule approach is consistent with the proposed rule. A 
track-changes version of the rule language, comparing UCMR 4 to UCMR 5, 
(``Revisions to 40 CFR 141.35 and 141.40'' (USEPA, 2021h)), is included 
in the electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this 
preamble.
    This section summarizes key aspects of this final rule and the 
associated comments received in response to the

[[Page 73141]]

proposed rule. EPA has compiled all public comments and EPA's responses 
in the ``Response to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which can be found 
in the electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this 
preamble.

                                     Exhibit 3--Key Elements of Final UCMR 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     CFR rule section
----------------------------------------------------------   Description of section      Corresponding preamble
              Number                        Title                                               section
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40 CFR 141.40(a)(3)...............  Contaminants in UCMR   Maintains proposed list of  IV.A
                                     5.                     29 PFAS and lithium for
                                                            monitoring.
40 CFR 141.35(d), 40 CFR            Scope of UCMR 5        Revises the scope of UCMR   IV.B
 141.40(a)(2)(ii), and 40 CFR        applicability.         5 to reflect that small
 141.40(a)(4)(ii).                                          CWSs and NTNCWSs serving
                                                            25 to 10,000 people will
                                                            monitor (consistent with
                                                            AWIA), if they are
                                                            notified by the agency.
40 CFR 141.40(a)(i)(B)............  Sampling frequency     Maintains proposed sample   IV.C
                                     and timing.            frequency (four sample
                                                            events for SW, two sample
                                                            events for GW).
40 CFR 141.35(c)(3)...............  Sampling locations     Maintains proposed          IV.D
                                     and Ground Water       flexibility for PWSs to
                                     Representative         submit a GWRMP proposal
                                     Monitoring Plans       to EPA.
                                     (GWRMPs).
40 CFR 141.35(c)(6)(ii) and 40 CFR  Reporting timeframe..  Maintains proposed          IV.E
 141.40(a)(5)(vi).                                          timeframe (``within 90
                                                            days from the sample
                                                            collection date'') for
                                                            laboratories to post and
                                                            approve analytical
                                                            results in EPA's
                                                            electronic data reporting
                                                            system (for review by the
                                                            PWS). Maintains proposed
                                                            timeframe (``30 days from
                                                            when the laboratory posts
                                                            the data to EPA's
                                                            electronic data reporting
                                                            system'') for PWSs to
                                                            review, approve, and
                                                            submit data to the state
                                                            and EPA.
40 CFR 141.35(e)..................  Reporting              Removes one proposed data   IV.F
                                     requirements.          element, maintains 27
                                                            proposed data elements,
                                                            and clarifies the use of
                                                            state data.
40 CFR 141.40(a)(3)...............  Minimum reporting      Maintains proposed MRLs     IV.G
                                     levels (MRL).          for contaminants.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. What contaminants must be monitored under UCMR 5?

1. This Final Rule
    EPA is maintaining the proposed list of UCMR 5 contaminants and the 
methods associated with analyzing those contaminants (see Exhibit 4 of 
this preamble). Further information on the prioritization process, as 
well as contaminant-specific information (e.g., source, use, 
production, release, persistence, mobility, health effects, and 
occurrence), that EPA used to select the analyte list, is contained in 
``Information Compendium for Contaminants for the Final Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5)'' (USEPA, 2021e). This Information 
Compendium can be found in the electronic docket listed in the 
ADDRESSES section of this preamble.

                       Exhibit 4--UCMR 5 Analytes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Twenty-five Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using EPA Method
 533 (SPE LC/MS/MS):
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-   perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA).
 sulfonic acid (11Cl-PF3OUdS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecane sulfonic  perfluorododecanoic acid
 acid (8:2 FTS).                          (PFDoA).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorohexane sulfonic  perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid
 acid (4:2 FTS).                          (PFHpS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctane sulfonic  perfluoroheptanoic acid
 acid (6:2 FTS).                          (PFHpA).
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid      perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
 (ADONA).                                 (PFHxS).
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-      perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA).
 sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS).
hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid     perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA).
 (HFPO-DA) (GenX).
nonafluoro[hyphen]3,6[hyphen]dioxahepta  perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
 noic acid (NFDHA).                       (PFOS).
perfluoro (2[hyphen]ethoxyethane)        perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
 sulfonic acid (PFEESA).
perfluoro[hyphen]3[hyphen]methoxypropan  perfluoropentanesulfonic acid
 oic acid (PFMPA).                        (PFPeS).
perfluoro[hyphen]4[hyphen]methoxybutano  perfluoropentanoic acid
 ic acid (PFMBA).                         (PFPeA).
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)....  perfluoroundecanoic acid
                                          (PFUnA).
perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)..........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Four Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using EPA Method 537.1
 (SPE LC/MS/MS):
------------------------------------------------------------------------
n-ethyl                                  perfluorotetradecanoic acid
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid    (PFTA).
 (NEtFOSAA).
n-methyl                                 perfluorotridecanoic acid
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid    (PFTrDA).
 (NMeFOSAA).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
One Metal/Pharmaceutical using EPA Method 200.7 (ICP-AES)  or alternate
 SM  or ASTM:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
lithium................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ EPA Method 533 (Solid phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography/
  tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)) (USEPA, 2019b).
\2\ EPA Method 537.1 Version 2.0 (Solid phase extraction (SPE) liquid
  chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)) (USEPA, 2020).
\3\ EPA Method 200.7 (Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
  spectrometry (ICP-AES)) (USEPA, 1994).
\4\ Standard Methods (SM) 3120 B (SM, 2017) or SM 3120 B-99 (SM Online,
  1999).
\5\ ASTM International (ASTM) D1976-20 (ASTM, 2020).

[[Page 73142]]

2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    Those who expressed an opinion about the proposed UCMR 5 analytes 
were supportive of EPA's inclusion of the 29 PFAS and lithium. 
Commenters expressed mixed opinions on the consideration of additional 
contaminants, particularly ``aggregate PFAS,'' Legionella pneumophilia, 
haloacetonitriles, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. The major comments and 
EPA responses regarding these contaminants are summarized in the 
discussion that follows.
a. Aggregate PFAS Measure
    EPA received multiple comments encouraging the agency to validate 
and include a total organic fluorine (TOF) and/or total oxidizable 
precursors (TOP) technique in UCMR 5 as a screening tool to determine 
``total PFAS.'' EPA also received comments expressing concern for the 
limitations of the analytical methodologies, including a lack of 
sensitivity and specificity for PFAS using TOF.
    EPA has not identified a complete, validated, peer-reviewed 
aggregate PFAS method with the appropriate specificity and sensitivity 
to support UCMR 5 monitoring. EPA's Office of Water and Office of 
Research and Development are currently developing and evaluating 
methodologies for broader PFAS analysis in drinking water, however, the 
measurement approaches are subject to significant technical challenges. 
The sensitivity of TOF is currently in the low [mu]g/L range, as 
opposed to the low ng/L range of interest required for PFAS analysis in 
drinking water. TOF is also not specific to PFAS. TOP, while focusing 
on PFAS, is limited to measuring compounds that can be detected by LC/
MS/MS and the technique requires two LC/MS/MS analyses; one before 
oxidation and one after oxidation. EPA is evaluating the TOP approach 
to understand the degree to which certain precursors are oxidized, and 
subsequently measurable by LC/MS/MS, as well as the degree to which 
PFAS that were measured in the pre-oxidation sample are still measured 
post-oxidation.
    EPA is also monitoring progress by commercial laboratories and 
academia. In 2020 and 2021, EPA contacted commercial laboratories that 
advertised TOF capability, and these laboratories indicated that they 
had not yet commercialized the TOF method (see Appendix 4 in ``Response 
to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 
5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which can be found in the electronic 
docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble). TOP has been 
more widely commercialized but is often used as an exploratory tool to 
estimate precursors.
    In summary, there are still analytical challenges leading to 
uncertainties in the results using the TOF and TOP techniques. More 
research and method refinement are needed before a peer-reviewed 
validated method that meets UCMR quality control needs is available to 
address PFAS more broadly.
b. Legionella Pneumophila
    Some comments supported EPA's proposal to not include Legionella 
pneumophila in UCMR 5, while others encouraged EPA to add it. EPA has 
decided not to include Legionella pneumophila in the final UCMR 5.
    Under EPA's Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), EPA established 
NPDWRs for Giardia, viruses, Legionella, turbidity and heterotrophic 
bacteria and set maximum contaminant level goals of zero for Giardia 
lamblia, viruses and Legionella pneumophila (54 FR 27486, June 29, 1989 
(USEPA, 1989)). EPA is currently examining opportunities to enhance 
protection against Legionella pneumophila through revisions to the 
suite of Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct (MDBP) rules. In addition 
to the SWTR, the MDBP suite includes the Stage 1 and Stage 2 
Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproduct Rules; the Interim Enhanced 
Surface Water Treatment Rule; and the Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface 
Water Treatment Rule.
    As stated in the conclusions from EPA's third ``Six-Year Review of 
Drinking Water Standards'' (82 FR 3518, January 11, 2017 (USEPA, 
2017)), ``EPA identified the following NPDWRs under the SWTR as 
candidates for revision, because of the opportunity to further reduce 
residual risk from pathogens (including opportunistic pathogens such as 
Legionella) beyond the risk addressed by the current SWTR.'' In 
accordance with the dates in the Settlement Agreement between EPA and 
Waterkeeper Alliance (Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S. EPA, No. 1:19-
cv-00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020)), the agency anticipates signing a 
proposal for revisions to the MDBP rules and a final action on the 
proposal by July 31, 2024 and September 30, 2027, respectively. EPA has 
concluded that UCMR 5 data collection for Legionella pneumophila would 
not be completed in time to meaningfully inform MDBP revision and that 
UCMR 5 data for Legionella pneumophila would soon lack significance 
because it would not reflect conditions in water systems after any 
regulatory revisions become effective (because water quality would be 
expected to change as a result of PWSs complying with such regulatory 
revisions).
    EPA estimates that Legionella pneumophila monitoring under UCMR 5 
would have added $10.5 million in new expenses for large PWSs, $20 
million in new expenses for the agency for small system monitoring, and 
$0.5 million in new expenses for small PWSs and states over the 5-year 
UCMR period. Because the data would not be available in time to inform 
MDBP regulatory revisions and because MDBP revisions could change the 
presence of Legionella pneumophila in drinking water distribution 
systems (Legionella occurrence may change, for example, if the required 
minimum disinfectant residual concentration is higher following MDBP 
revisions), EPA concluded that the expense of this monitoring is not 
warranted given the limited utility of the data.
c. Haloacetonitriles
    Some commenters agreed with EPA's rationale for not including the 
four unregulated haloacetonitrile disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in 
UCMR 5, while others encouraged EPA to include them. EPA has decided 
not to include haloacetonitrile DBPs in the final UCMR 5.
    As was the case with Legionella pneumophila, EPA has concluded that 
UCMR 5 data collection for haloacetonitriles would not be completed in 
time to meaningfully inform MDBP revision and that UCMR 5 data would 
not reflect conditions in water systems after any regulatory revisions 
become effective (haloacetonitrile occurrence may change, for example, 
if the required minimum disinfectant residual concentration is higher 
following MDBP revisions).
    As with Legionella pneumophila, inclusion of haloacetonitriles in 
UCMR 5 would introduce significant monitoring and reporting complexity 
and cost compared to the sampling design for PFAS and lithium. If 
haloacetonitriles were to be added to UCMR 5, most of the additional 
expenses would be borne by large PWSs (for analysis of their samples) 
and EPA (for analysis of samples from small PWSs). EPA estimates this 
would result in $13 million in new expenses for large PWSs, $19 million 
in new expenses for the agency, and $0.5 million in new expenses for 
small PWSs and states over the 5-year UCMR period.
    Because the data would not be available in time to inform MDBP

[[Page 73143]]

regulatory revisions and because MDBP revisions could change the 
presence of haloacetonitriles in drinking water distribution systems, 
EPA concluded that the expense of this monitoring is not warranted 
given the limited utility of the data.
d. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
    EPA received some comments that support the agency's proposed 
decision to not include 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) monitoring 
in UCMR 5, and others recommending that 1,2,3-TCP be included. EPA 
concluded that appropriate analytical methods are not currently 
available to support additional UCMR data collection (i.e., above and 
beyond the data collection under UCMR 3 (USEPA, 2019c)).
    Several commenters suggested that EPA consider analytical methods 
to monitor for 1,2,3-trichloropropane at lower levels. They suggested, 
for example, that the agency use California method SRL-524M (California 
DHS, 2002), which is prescribed by the state for compliance monitoring 
at 0.005 [mu]g/L (5 ng/L). EPA has reviewed SRL 524M and determined 
that the associated quality control (QC) and IDC criteria do not meet 
the EPA's needs for drinking water analysis. See also EPA's ``Response 
to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 
5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which can be found in the electronic 
docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble.
    Occurrence data collected during UCMR 3 (77 FR 26072, May 2, 2012 
(USEPA, 2012)) for 1,2,3-trichloropropane may be found at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule#3.

B. What is the UCMR 5 sampling design?

1. This Final Rule
    EPA has utilized up to three different tiers of contaminant 
monitoring, associated with three different ``lists'' of contaminants, 
in past UCMRs. EPA designed the monitoring tiers to reflect the 
availability and complexity of analytical methods, laboratory capacity, 
sampling frequency, and cost. The Assessment Monitoring tier is the 
largest in scope and is used to collect data to determine the national 
occurrence of ``List 1'' contaminants for the purpose of estimating 
national population exposure. Assessment Monitoring has been used in 
the four previous UCMRs to collect occurrence data from all systems 
serving more than 10,000 people and a representative sample of 800 
smaller systems. Consistent with AWIA, the Assessment Monitoring 
approach was redesigned for UCMR 5 and reflects the plan, subject to 
additional appropriations being made available for this purpose, that 
would require all systems serving 3,300 or more people and a 
representative sample of systems serving 25 to 3,299 people to perform 
monitoring (USEPA, 2021a). The population-weighted sampling design for 
the nationally representative sample of small systems (used in previous 
UCMR cycles to select 800 systems serving 25 to 10,000 people and used 
in UCMR 5 to select 800 systems serving 25 to 3,299 people) calls for 
the sample to be stratified by water source type (ground water or 
surface water), service size category, and state (where each state is 
allocated a minimum of two systems in its State Monitoring Plan). The 
allowable margin of error at the 99 percent confidence level is 1 percent for an expected contaminant occurrence of 1 percent at 
the national level. Assessment Monitoring is the primary tier used for 
contaminants and generally relies on analytical methods that use more 
common techniques that are expected to be widely available. EPA has 
used an Assessment Monitoring tier for 72 contaminants and contaminant 
groups over the course of UCMR 1 through UCMR 4. The agency is 
exclusively requiring Assessment Monitoring in UCMR 5. This monitoring 
approach yields the most complete set of occurrence data to support 
EPA's decision making.
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    Many commenters expressed support for the increase in small system 
Assessment Monitoring, with no opposition to the inclusion of all PWSs 
serving 3,300 to 10,000 people in UCMR 5. The U.S. Small Business 
Administration asked that EPA clarify small-system responsibilities in 
the event of inadequate EPA funding to fully support the envisioned 
monitoring.
    Recognizing the uncertainty in funding from year-to-year, the 
agency will implement a ``monitor if notified'' approach for PWSs 
serving 25 to 10,000 people. In 2022, EPA will notify the approximately 
6,000 small PWSs tentatively selected for the expanded UCMR 5 (all PWSs 
serving 3,300 to 10,000 people and a statistically-based, nationally 
representative set of 800 PWSs serving 25 to 3,299 people) of their 
anticipated UCMR 5 monitoring requirements; that initial notification 
will specify that monitoring is conditioned on EPA having sufficient 
funds and will be confirmed in a second notification. Upon receiving 
appropriations for a particular year, EPA will determine the number of 
small PWSs whose monitoring is covered by the appropriations, and 
notify the included small PWSs of their upcoming requirements at least 
six months prior to their scheduled monitoring. EPA has made minor 
edits to 40 CFR 141.35 and 40 CFR 141.40 for consistency with this 
approach.
    Additionally, to ensure that EPA has access to a nationally 
representative set of small-system data, even in the absence of 
sufficient appropriations to support the planned monitoring by small 
systems, a statistically-based nationally representative set of 800 
PWSs will also be selected from among the PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 
people. An updated description of the statistical approach for the 
nationally representative samples for UCMR 5 is available in the docket 
as ``Selection of Nationally Representative Public Water Systems for 
the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2021 Update'' (USEPA 
2021a).
    To minimize the impact of the final rule on small systems (those 
serving 25 to 10,000 people), EPA pays for their sample kit 
preparation, sample shipping fees, and sample analysis. Large systems 
(those serving more than 10,000 people) pay for all costs associated 
with their monitoring. Exhibit 5 of this preamble shows a summary of 
the estimated number of PWSs subject to monitoring.

                         Exhibit 5--Systems Expected To Participate in UCMR 5 Monitoring
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               National sample: Assessment monitoring design    Total number of
    System size (number of people served)    ------------------------------------------------  systems per size
                                                             List 1 chemicals                      category
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small Systems \1\ (25-3,299)................  800 randomly selected systems (CWSs and                    \4\ 800
                                               NTNCWSs).
Small Systems\1\ \2\ (3,300-10,000).........  All systems (CWSs and NTNCWSs) subject to the            \4\ 5,147
                                               availability of appropriations.

[[Page 73144]]

 
Large Systems \3\ (10,001 and over).........  All systems (CWSs and NTNCWSs)................               4,364
                                                                                             -------------------
    Total...................................  ..............................................              10,311
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ EPA pays for all analytical costs associated with monitoring at small systems.
\2\ Counts for small PWSs serving 3,300-10,000 people are approximate.
\3\ Large system counts are approximate.
\4\ In the absence of appropriations to support monitoring at all PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people, EPA could
  instead include as few as 400 PWSs serving 25 to 3,299 people and 400 PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people (for
  a representative sample of 800 PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 people).

C. What is the sampling frequency and timing?

1. This Final Rule
    This final rule maintains the proposed sampling frequency and 
timeframe for Assessment Monitoring. On a per-system basis, the 
anticipated number of samples collected by each system is consistent 
with sample collection during prior UCMR cycles (although, as described 
elsewhere in this document, the number of water systems expected to 
participate in UCMR 5 is significantly greater under this final rule 
per AWIA). Water systems will be required to collect samples based on 
the typical UCMR sampling frequency and timeframe as follows: For 
surface water, ground water under the direct influence of surface 
water, and mixed locations, sampling will take place for four 
consecutive quarters over the course of 12 months (total of 4 sampling 
events). Sampling events will occur three months apart. For example, if 
the first sample is taken in January, the second will then occur 
anytime in April, the third will occur anytime in July, and the fourth 
will occur anytime in October. For ground water locations, sampling 
will take place twice over the course of 12 months (total of 2 sampling 
events). Sampling events will occur five to seven months apart. For 
example, if the first sample is taken in April, the second sample will 
then occur anytime in September, October, or November.
    EPA, in conjunction with the states, will initially determine 
schedules (year and months of monitoring) for large water systems. 
Thereafter, large PWSs will have an opportunity to modify this initial 
schedule for planning purposes or other reasons (e.g., to spread costs 
over multiple years, if a sampling location will be closed during the 
scheduled month of monitoring, etc.). EPA will schedule and coordinate 
small system monitoring (for PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people and 
for the nationally representative sample of smaller PWSs) by working 
closely with partnering states. State Monitoring Plans provide an 
opportunity for states to review and revise the initial sampling 
schedules developed by EPA (see discussion of State Monitoring Plans in 
Section III.D of this preamble).
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    EPA received two comments recommending that the agency reduce the 
sampling frequency for both ground water (GW) and surface water (SW) 
systems, including a suggestion that UCMR 5 require only one sample per 
system. EPA concluded that less frequent data collection would affect 
the integrity of the data and result in insufficient data to fulfill 
the needs envisioned by the 1996 SDWA Amendments, particularly with 
regard to supporting the Administrator's regulatory determinations and 
drinking water regulation development. Maintaining the proposed 
sampling frequency allows the resulting contaminant data to be analyzed 
for temporal variability, in addition to between-system variability. 
These analyses are not possible with a single-sample structure. When 
making regulatory determinations, EPA evaluates the number of systems 
(and populations) with means or single measured values above health 
levels of concern, as both values provide important information.
    EPA acknowledges that based on UCMR 3 (77 FR 26072, May 2, 2012 
(USEPA, 2012)) data, the correlation between results from multiple 
sample events can be high; however, the approach suggested by 
commenters would yield less accurate data for several reasons. EPA's 
assessment of sampling frequency using UCMR 3 and UCMR 4 data (see 
Appendix 2 in ``Response to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which 
can be found in the electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section 
of this preamble) shows that for both SW and GW systems, there are 
numerous cases where occurrence is notably different between sample 
events. Focusing first on UCMR 3 results for PWS with SW sources, the 
number of sample points at which PFOS was measured at or above the MRL 
was 108 percent greater when considering multiple sample events, versus 
only considering the first sample event. There were multiple occasions 
where the results from the first sample event were below the health-
based reference concentration while subsequent results were above it. 
Looking at UCMR 3 results for PWSs with GW sources, PFOS was measured 
at or above the MRL at 26 percent more sample points in the second 
sample event relative to the first. Similar to the UCMR 3 results for 
SW systems, there were multiple occasions where the second result from 
a GW system exceeded the reference concentration while the first result 
did not.
    Some commenters suggested that between-system variability is much 
greater for PFAS than within-system variability. While it may be less 
than between-system variability, within-system variability can still be 
important. Shifting to a single sample prevents reasonable assessments 
of within-system variability and limits the ability to observe between-
system variability estimates. This would then drastically reduce the 
ability to characterize uncertainty.
    Additionally, although the provisions of AWIA could include the 
addition of approximately 5,200 more PWSs to UCMR 5 relative to earlier 
cycles and thus capture more spatial variation in the resulting 
dataset, it is important to note that spatial variation is different 
than temporal or seasonal variation. Capturing more of one does not 
diminish the influence of the others on national occurrence data and 
reducing the frequency of sampling eliminates

[[Page 73145]]

the possibility of analyzing the resulting data for temporal variation. 
In addition, statistical means based on two measurements have 
considerably less error than a single measurement per system, and 
provide a more robust dataset for future regulatory decisions. Having 
more than one sample event also greatly reduces the chance of 
underestimating the true proportion of occurrence of the contaminant in 
drinking water (i.e., exposure).
    Regarding monitoring frequency and burden, EPA notes that the 
agency allows large GW systems the opportunity to reduce monitoring 
burden by using approved representative entry points (40 CFR 
141.35(c)(3)) as described in Section IV.D of this preamble. 
Representative monitoring plans will result in fewer samples and thus 
time and cost savings to the PWS. Consecutive systems with multiple 
connections from a particular wholesaler are also permitted to choose 
one entry point as representative, thus reducing burden.

D. Where are the sampling locations and what is representative 
monitoring?

1. This Final Rule
    Consistent with past UCMR cycles, sample collection for UCMR 5 
contaminants will take place at the entry point to the distribution 
system (EPTDS). As during past UCMRs and as described in 40 CFR 
141.35(c)(3) of this preamble, this final rule will allow large ground 
water systems (or large surface water systems with ground water 
sources) that have multiple ground water EPTDSs to request approval to 
sample at representative monitoring locations rather than at each 
ground water EPTDS. GWRMPs approved under prior UCMRs may be used for 
UCMR 5, presuming no significant changes in the configuration of the 
ground water EPTDSs since the prior approval. Water systems that intend 
to use a previously approved plan must send EPA a copy of the approval 
documents received under prior UCMRs from their state (if reviewed by 
the state) or EPA.
    Relative to the rules for prior UCMR cycles, this final rule 
provides greater flexibility to PWSs in submitting GWRMPs to EPA. Plans 
must be submitted to EPA six months prior to the PWS's scheduled sample 
collection, instead of by a specified date; those PWSs scheduled to 
collect samples in 2024 or 2025 will have significant additional time 
to develop and propose representative plans. PWSs, particularly those 
scheduled for sample collection in 2023, are encouraged to submit 
proposals for a new GWRMP by December 31, 2022, to allow time for 
review by EPA and, as appropriate, the state. EPA will work closely 
with the states to coordinate the review of GWRMPs in those cases where 
such review is part of the state's Partnership Agreement. Changes to 
inventory data in SDWARS that impact a PWS's representative plan before 
or during the UCMR sampling period must be reported within 30 days of 
the change. EPA will collaborate with small systems (particularly those 
with many ground water locations) to develop a GWRMP when warranted, 
recognizing that EPA pays for the analysis of samples from small 
systems.
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    EPA received multiple comments regarding GWRMPs and representative 
sampling for wholesale systems and consecutive connections. Generally, 
commenters supported the continued use of GWRMPS and the use of 
previously approved monitoring plans. An additional supporting 
document, titled, ``Instructions for Preparing a Ground Water 
Representative Monitoring Plan for the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule,'' (USEPA, 2021j) has been placed in the electronic 
docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble.
    Several commenters recommended that EPA not require monitoring by 
consecutive systems that purchase 100 percent of their water from 
wholesale systems that are already subject to UCMR 5 monitoring. They 
requested that EPA instead require wholesalers to identify the PWSIDs 
of consecutive systems receiving water from the wholesaler, and that 
EPA rely on wholesaler monitoring in lieu of monitoring by the 
consecutive systems. EPA has decided to require monitoring by 
consecutive systems to conduct monitoring in accordance with UCMR 5. 
Previous UCMR data demonstrate that wholesalers and purchasers can have 
different analytical results (see Appendix 3 in ``Response to Comments 
on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) 
Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which can be found in the electronic docket 
listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble). For example, pairing 
the results from wholesaler to consecutive connections for 190 
manganese results from UCMR 4 (81 FR 92666, December 20, 2016 (USEPA, 
2016)), one-third of the results are higher at the wholesaler and one-
third of the results are higher at the consecutive connection, with 
one-third of all results being comparable [0.4 [mu]g/L]. 
The agency therefore elected to maintain the proposed approach in which 
all eligible consecutive systems must monitor, irrespective of 
monitoring being conducted by the wholesale system from which they 
purchase drinking water.

E. How long do laboratories and PWSs have to report data?

1. This Final Rule
    EPA is maintaining the revised reporting timeframes for 
laboratories and PWSs as proposed. For UCMR 5, laboratories have 90 
days (versus 120 days in prior UCMR cycles) from the sample collection 
date to post and approve analytical results in SDWARS for PWS review. 
Large PWSs have 30 days (versus 60 days in prior UCMR cycles) to review 
and approve the analytical results posted to SDWARS. As with the UCMR 4 
requirements, data will be considered approved and available for state 
and EPA review if the PWS takes no action within their allotted review 
period.
    In the proposed rule for UCMR 5, EPA noted that multiple states 
have expressed an interest in earlier access to UCMR data (see Docket 
ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530). EPA believes that the shorter timeframes 
for posting and approving data are feasible and reasonable based on our 
experience with UCMR reporting to date.
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    Commenters generally agreed with the revised timeframes for 
laboratories to post and approve analytical results in SDWARS. The 90-
day laboratory timeframe makes UCMR results more readily available to 
interested stakeholders and states. Some commenters supported the 
timely reporting of data by laboratories to ensure that PWSs have 
adequate time to reconcile QC issues, especially those that may require 
a PWS to resample. Some expressed concerns that the revised timeframe 
could be challenging for laboratories. Some suggested that the shorter 
timeframe be conditioned on consistent functionality and availability 
of SDWARS.
    Commenters generally agreed with the changes in the timeframes for 
large PWSs to review and approve analytical results posted to SDWARS, 
though several requested that EPA maintain the 60-day review period.
    EPA has observed that many laboratories are routinely posting data 
to SDWARS within 90 days of sample collection and that many large PWSs 
are approving and submitting data within 30 days of their laboratory 
posting the

[[Page 73146]]

data. Judging by reporting for 2020 monitoring under UCMR 4 (81 FR 
92666, December 20, 2016 (USEPA, 2016)), more than 75 percent of 
laboratories posted and approved data within 90 days, and more than 85 
percent of large PWSs who chose to act on their data, did so within 30 
days of the laboratory posting it. During UCMR 3 and UCMR 4, less than 
half of large PWSs chose to actively review and approve their data, as 
opposed to letting the results default to ``approved'' status after the 
review period. The many large PWSs that have routinely chosen to not 
review and approve their data will not be impacted by the revised 
timeframe for PWS data review for UCMR 5. See also Appendix 5 in 
``Response to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring 
Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which can be found in the 
electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble.
    EPA does not anticipate functionality or availability issues with 
SDWARS during UCMR 5 but is prepared to make case-by-case exceptions 
for reporting timeframes should significant issues occur with the 
reporting system.

F. What are the reporting requirements for UCMR 5?

1. This Final Rule
    Today's final rule removes 1 of the proposed data elements 
(``Direct Potable Reuse Water Information'') and maintains the 27 
others described in the proposed rule. EPA has updated some of the 
data-element definitions for clarity and consistency in the reporting 
requirements. Please see Table 1 of 40 CFR 141.35(e) of this preamble 
for the complete list of data elements, definitions and drop-down 
options that will be provided in the data reporting system.
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
a. Data Elements
    EPA received multiple comments on the proposed contaminant-specific 
data elements, with some commenters questioning the quality, 
reliability, and utility of some of the data that would be provided to 
the agency per the proposed data element requirements. Several 
commenters requested that EPA include rationale explaining the intended 
use of such data. EPA has updated the data elements for clarity (e.g., 
clarifying treatment types, and abbreviations for them; adding the 
treatment option ``NMT = not modified after testing'') and has provided 
additional rationale (including describing how the information could 
impact regulatory decision making and risk-management strategies) in 
the ``Response to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), available in the 
UCMR 5 public docket (see the ADDRESSES section of this preamble). EPA 
acknowledges the data collected will have some limitations but believes 
that the collection of the information is still valuable. In addition, 
EPA notes the modest burden associated with the collection.
b. Reporting State Data
    EPA received several comments suggesting that PWSs be permitted to 
submit occurrence data collected under state-based monitoring, in lieu 
of conducting UCMR 5 monitoring, to reduce the monitoring burden. In 
those cases where the monitoring required by a state is aligned with 
the requirements of UCMR 5, PWSs may be able to conduct PFAS monitoring 
that meets the needs of their state and UCMR 5, with the understanding 
that UCMR 5 requirements must be met. This includes the requirement 
that PFAS samples be analyzed by a UCMR 5-approved laboratory using EPA 
Method 533 and Method 537.1. EPA offers flexibility for PWSs to 
reschedule their UCMR 5 monitoring, and PWSs may do so to coordinate it 
with their state-required monitoring. PWSs wishing to conduct ``dual 
purpose'' monitoring (i.e., concurrently meeting the state and UCMR 5 
needs) may contact their state or EPA, as appropriate, if there are 
questions about whether the state and UCMR 5 requirements are being 
met.

G. What are the UCMR 5 Minimum Reporting Levels (MRLs) and how were 
they determined?

1. This Final Rule
    EPA is maintaining the proposed minimum reporting levels for the 
UCMR 5 contaminants. EPA establishes MRLs to ensure consistency in the 
quality of the information reported to the agency. As defined in 40 CFR 
141.40(a)(5)(iii) of this preamble, the MRL is the minimum quantitation 
level that, with 95 percent confidence, can be achieved by capable 
analysts at 75 percent or more of the laboratories using a specified 
analytical method. More detailed explanation of the MRL calculation is 
in the ``Technical Basis for the Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting 
Level (LCMRL) Calculator'' (USEPA, 2010), available at (https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods/lowest-concentration-minimum-reporting-level-lcmrl-calculator).
    EPA requires each laboratory interested in supporting UCMR analyses 
to demonstrate that they can reliably make quality measurements at or 
below the established MRL to ensure that high quality results are being 
reported by participating laboratories. EPA established the proposed 
MRLs in 40 CFR 141.40(a)(3), Table 1 of this preamble, for each 
analyte/method by obtaining data from at least three laboratories that 
performed ``lowest concentration minimum reporting level'' (LCMRL) 
studies. The results from these laboratory LCMRL studies can be found 
in the ``UCMR 5 Laboratory Approval Manual'' (USEPA, 2021f), available 
in the electronic docket (see the ADDRESSES section of this preamble).
    The multiple laboratory LCMRLs were then processed through a 
statistical routine to derive an MRL that, with 95 percent confidence, 
is predicted to be attainable by 75 percent of laboratories using the 
prescribed method. EPA considers these to be the lowest reporting 
levels that can practically and consistently be achieved on a national 
basis (recognizing that individual laboratories may be able to measure 
at lower levels).
2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    Some commenters recommended that EPA establish lower MRLs for the 
29 PFAS in UCMR 5. MRLs used for the UCMR program are based on 
calculations that account for the ability of laboratories to report 
accurate and precise measurements with a specific statistical 
confidence. Based on the results from multiple laboratories that 
participated in MRL-setting studies, EPA concluded that the proposed 
MRLs represent the lowest feasible levels for a national MRL measure. 
Sensitivity (i.e., quantitation limit) may improve with time, 
experience, and instrumentation advances.

H. What are the requirements for laboratory analysis of field reagent 
blank samples?

1. This Final Rule
    EPA initially proposed that laboratories analyze all field reagent 
blank (FRB) samples, along with the corresponding field samples, to 
reduce the possibility of invalidating a positive field sample result 
(i.e., a field sample result at or above the MRL) because of FRB hold 
times being exceeded.

[[Page 73147]]

2. Summary of Major Comments and EPA Responses
    EPA did not receive any comments expressing concerns with the 
laboratory approval process; however, the agency did receive a comment 
on the FRB sample analysis criteria, suggesting that the agency not 
require analysis of every FRB sample. EPA Method 537.1 and Method 533, 
used for PFAS analysis, require collection of a corresponding FRB 
sample from each unique sampling location for each sampling event. The 
methods require that the FRB be analyzed if there is a positive result 
for a PFAS analyte in a corresponding field sample. Based on further 
consideration, EPA is now providing laboratories with discretion as to 
whether they analyze every FRB sample proactively or only those 
associated with positive field sample results. This is with the 
understanding that laboratories must analyze field samples promptly 
enough such that the corresponding FRB analyses, if needed, may be 
completed within the prescribed hold time. Compliance with the method 
hold-time requirements, and other provisions of the methods, is a 
condition of maintaining laboratory approval. EPA is studying the 
possibility of extending the FRB hold times for EPA Method 537.1 and 
Method 533, and will communicate the results of the studies with the 
approved laboratories.

I. How will EPA support risk communication for UCMR 5 results?

    EPA received comments requesting that the agency develop and 
provide risk communication materials to support interpretation and 
characterization of UCMR 5 results. EPA intends to publish a 
``reference concentration'' summary document with available EPA health 
values; provide a template for PWSs to consider using in communicating 
with their customers about the detection of PFAS in drinking water; and 
provide other supporting material as risk-related information becomes 
available.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is a significant regulatory action that was submitted 
to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. Any changes 
made in response to OMB recommendations have been documented in the 
docket. A full analysis of potential costs associated with this action, 
the ``Information Collection Request for the Final Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5),'' (USEPA, 2021b) ICR Number 2040-
0304, is also available in the docket (Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-
0530). A summary of the ICR can be found in Section I.C of this 
preamble.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    The information collection activities in this final rule have been 
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
under the PRA. The Information Collection Request (ICR) document 
(USEPA, 2021b) that EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number ICR 
2683.02. You can find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this final 
rule, and it is briefly summarized here. The information collection 
requirements are not enforceable until OMB approves them.
    The information that EPA will collect under this final rule 
fulfills the statutory requirements of Section1445(a)(2) of SDWA, as 
amended in 1996, 2018, and 2019. The data will describe the source of 
the water, location, and test results for samples taken from public 
water systems (PWSs) as described in 40 CFR 141.35(e). The information 
collected will support EPA's decisions as to whether or not to regulate 
particular contaminants under SDWA. Reporting is mandatory. The data 
are not subject to confidentiality protection.
    The 5-year UCMR 5 period spans 2022-2026. UCMR 5 sample collection 
begins in 2023 and continues through 2025. Since ICRs cannot be 
approved by OMB for a period longer than three years pursuant to 5 CFR 
1320.10, the primary analysis in the ICR only covers the first three 
years of the UCMR 5 period (i.e., 2022-2024). Prior to expiration of 
the initial UCMR 5 ICR, EPA will seek to extend the ICR and thus 
receive approval to collect information under the PRA in the remaining 
two years of the UCMR 5 period (2025-2026).
    EPA received several comments regarding cost and burden of the 
proposed rule. Those comments recommended that EPA provide more 
accurate cost estimates. EPA's response is detailed more fully in the 
``Response to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring 
Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' (USEPA, 2021i), which can be found in the 
electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble.
    EPA has reviewed and, as appropriate, revised the cost and burden 
figures for UCMR 5; this includes using updated unit cost estimates for 
sample analysis. The annual burden and cost estimates described in this 
section are based on the implementation assumptions described in 
Section III of this preamble, among them the inclusion of all systems 
serving 3,300 to 10,000 people and a representative sample of smaller 
systems. As such, those estimates represent an upper bound. If EPA does 
not receive the necessary appropriations in one or more of the 
collections years--and thus collects data from fewer small systems--the 
actual costs would be lower than those estimated here. In general, 
burden hours were calculated by:
    1. Determining the activities that PWSs and states would complete 
to comply with UCMR activity;
    2. Estimating the number of hours per activity;
    3. Estimating the number of respondents per activity; and
    4. Multiplying the hours per activity by the number of respondents 
for that activity.
    Respondents/affected entities: The respondents/affected entities 
are small PWSs (those serving 25 to 10,000 people); large PWSs (those 
serving 10,001 to 100,000 people); very large PWSs (those serving more 
than 100,000 people); and states.
    Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR 141.35).
    Estimated number of respondents: Respondents to UCMR 5 include 
5,947 small PWSs, 4,364 large PWSs, and the 56 primacy agencies (50 
States, one Tribal nation, and five Territories) for a total of 10,367 
respondents.
    Frequency of response: The frequency of response varies across 
respondents and years. Across the initial 3-year ICR period for UCMR 5, 
small PWSs will sample an average of 2.8 times per PWS (i.e., number of 
responses per PWS); large PWSs will sample and report an average of 3.2 
times per PWS; and very large PWSs will sample and report an average of 
3.7 times per PWS.
    Total estimated burden: 48,469 hours (per year). Burden is defined 
at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
    Total estimated cost: $9,404,007 annualized capital or operation & 
maintenance costs.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required 
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a 
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the 
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When OMB 
approves this ICR, the agency will

[[Page 73148]]

announce that approval in the Federal Register and publish a technical 
amendment to 40 CFR part 9 to display the OMB control number for the 
approved information collection activities contained in this final 
rule.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    For purposes of assessing the impacts of this final rule on small 
entities, EPA considered small entities to be PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 
people. As required by the RFA, EPA proposed using this alternative 
definition in the Federal Register (63 FR 7606, February 13, 1998 
(USEPA, 1998a)), sought public comment, consulted with the Small 
Business Administration (SBA) Office of Advocacy, and finalized the 
alternative definition in the Consumer Confidence Reports rulemaking 
(63 FR 44512, August 19, 1998 (USEPA, 1998b)). As stated in that 
document, the alternative definition applies to this regulation.

             Exhibit 6--Number of Publicly- and Privately-Owned Small Systems Subject to UCMR 5 \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             System size (number of people served)                Publicly-owned    Privately-owned   Total \2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Ground Water
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under..................................................                42               126          168
501 to 3,300...................................................               320               121          441
3,301 to 10,000................................................             2,334               541        2,875
                                                                ------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal Ground Water......................................             2,696               788        3,484
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Surface Water (and Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under..................................................                 9                11           20
501 to 3,300...................................................               126                45          171
3,301 to 10,000................................................             1,762               510        2,272
                                                                ------------------------------------------------
    Subtotal Surface Water.....................................             1,897               566        2,463
                                                                ------------------------------------------------
        Total of Small Water Systems...........................             4,593             1,354        5,947
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In the absence of appropriations to support monitoring at all PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people, EPA could
  instead include as few as 400 PWSs serving 25 to 3,299 people and 400 PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people (for
  a representative sample of 800 PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 people).
\2\ PWS counts were adjusted to display as whole numbers in each size category.

    The basis for the UCMR 5 RFA certification is as follows: For the 
5,947 small water systems that EPA anticipates will be affected, per 
the planned monitoring, the average annual cost for complying with this 
final rule represents an average of 0.02 percent of system revenues. 
The average yearly cost to small systems to comply with UCMR 5 over the 
5-year period of 2022-2026, is approximately $0.3 million. EPA 
anticipates that approximately one third of the 5,947 small PWSs will 
collect samples in each of three years (2023, 2024, and 2025).
    PWS costs are attributed to the labor required for reading about 
UCMR 5 requirements, monitoring, reporting, and record keeping. The 
estimated average annual burden across the 5-year UCMR 5 implementation 
period of 2022-2026 is 1.3 hours at $52 per small system. By assuming 
all costs for laboratory analyses, shipping and quality control for 
small entities, EPA incurs the entirety of the non-labor costs 
associated with UCMR 5 small system monitoring, or 96 percent of total 
small system testing costs. Exhibit 7 and Exhibit 8 of this preamble 
present the estimated economic impacts in the form of a revenue test 
for publicly- and privately-owned systems.

                    Exhibit 7--UCMR 5 Relative Cost Analysis for Small Publicly-Owned Systems
                                                 [2022-2026] \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      SBREFA
                                                  Annual number   Average annual  Average annual     criteria-
     System size (number of people served)         of systems       hours per        cost per      revenue test
                                                  impacted \2\        system          system          \3\ (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Ground Water Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under..................................               8              1.0          $40.65            0.09
501 to 3,300...................................              64              1.1           43.37            0.02
3,301 to 10,000................................             467              1.3           49.92            0.01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Surface Water (and Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water) Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under..................................               2              1.4           54.39            0.07
501 to 3,300...................................              25              1.4           56.19            0.02
3,301 to 10,000................................             353              1.5           57.39           0.004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In the absence of appropriations to support monitoring at all PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people, EPA could
  instead include as few as 400 PWSs serving 25 to 3,299 people and 400 PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people (for
  a representative sample of 800 PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 people).

[[Page 73149]]

 
\2\ PWS counts were adjusted to display as whole numbers in each size category. Includes the publicly-owned
  portion of small systems subject to UCMR 5.
\3\ Costs are presented as a percentage of median annual revenue for each size category.

                   Exhibit 8--UCMR 5 Relative Cost Analysis for Small Privately-Owned Systems
                                                 [2022-2026] \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                      SBREFA
                                                   Annual number  Average annual  Average annual     criteria-
      System size (number of people served)         of systems       hours per       cost per      revenue test
                                                   impacted \2\       system          system          \3\ (%)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Ground Water Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under...................................              25             1.0          $40.65            0.48
501 to 3,300....................................              24             1.1          $43.37            0.03
3,301 to 10,000.................................             108             1.3          $49.92           0.004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Surface Water (and Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water) Systems
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
500 and under...................................               2             1.4          $54.39            0.11
501 to 3,300....................................               9             1.4          $56.19            0.02
3,301 to 10,000.................................             102             1.5          $57.39           0.004
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ In the absence of appropriations to support monitoring at all PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people, EPA could
  instead include as few as 400 PWSs serving 25 to 3,299 people and 400 PWSs serving 3,300 to 10,000 people (for
  a representative sample of 800 PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 people).
\2\ PWS counts were adjusted to display as whole numbers in each size category. Includes the privately-owned
  portion of small systems subject to UCMR 5.
\3\ Costs are presented as a percentage of median annual revenue for each size category.

    Up to 9.4 percent of all small systems (i.e., up to 5,947 small 
PWSs serving 25 to 10,000 people) will participate in UCMR 5 if EPA 
receives the necessary appropriations to support its plan. EPA has 
determined that participating small systems will experience an average 
impact of 0.02 percent of revenues. This accounts for small PWSs 
familiarizing themselves with the regulatory requirements; reading 
sampling instructions; traveling to the sampling location; collecting 
and shipping the samples; and maintaining their records. The 5,947 
small PWSs are comprised of all 5,147 systems serving between 3,300 and 
10,000 people, and the representative group of 800 systems serving 
between 25 and 3,299 people; the remainder of small systems will not 
participate in UCMR 5 monitoring and will not be impacted.
    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. The 
small entities subject to the requirements of this action along with a 
description of the very minor impacts are previously addressed in this 
section. Although this final rule will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities, EPA has attempted to 
reduce impacts by assuming all costs for analyses of the samples, and 
for shipping the samples from small systems to laboratories contracted 
by EPA to analyze the UCMR 5 samples (the cost of shipping is included 
in the cost of each analytical method). EPA has historically set aside 
$2.0 million each year from the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 
(DWSRF) with its authority to use DWSRF monies for the purposes of 
implementing this provision of SDWA. EPA anticipates drawing on these 
and additional funds, if available, to implement the plan and carry out 
the expanded UCMR monitoring approach outlined in AWIA. We have 
therefore concluded that this action will have no significant impact on 
any directly regulated small entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or 
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not 
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action 
implements mandate(s) specifically and explicitly set forth in SDWA 
Section 1445(a)(2), Monitoring Program for Unregulated Contaminants.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between 
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action has Tribal implications. However, it will neither 
impose substantial direct compliance costs on federally recognized 
Tribal governments, nor preempt Tribal law. As described previously in 
this document, this final rule requires monitoring by all large PWSs. 
Information in the SDWIS/Fed water system inventory indicates there are 
approximately 27 large Tribal PWSs (serving 10,001 to 40,000 people). 
EPA estimates the average annual cost to each of these large PWSs, over 
the 5-year rule period, to be $1,783. This cost is based on a labor 
component (associated with the collection of samples), and a non-labor 
component (associated with shipping and laboratory fees). As planned, 
UCMR 5 is expected to also require monitoring by all small PWSs serving 
3,300 to 10,000 people and a nationally representative sample of small 
PWSs serving 25 to 3,299 people. Information in the SDWIS/Fed water 
system inventory indicates there are approximately 75 small Tribal PWSs 
(serving 3,300 to 10,000 people). EPA estimates that less than 2 
percent of small Tribal systems serving 25 to 3,299 people will be 
selected as part of the nationally representative sample. EPA estimates 
the average annual cost to small Tribal systems over the 5-year rule 
period to be $52. Such cost is based on the labor associated with 
collecting a sample and

[[Page 73150]]

preparing it for shipping. All other small-PWS expenses (associated 
with shipping and laboratory fees) are paid by EPA.
    EPA consulted with Tribal officials under the EPA Policy on 
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribes early in the process 
of developing this regulation to permit them to have meaningful and 
timely input into its development. A summary of that consultation, 
titled, ``Summary of the Tribal Coordination and Consultation Process 
for the Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) 
Proposal,'' is provided in the electronic docket listed in the 
ADDRESSES section of this preamble.
    As required by section 7(a), the EPA's Tribal Consultation Official 
has certified that the requirements of the executive order have been 
met in a meaningful and timely manner. A copy of the certification is 
included in the docket for this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks 
that EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect children, 
per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in section 2-202 of 
the Executive Order. This action is not subject to Executive Order 
13045 because it does not concern such an environmental health risk or 
safety risk.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it is 
not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, 
distribution or use of energy and has not otherwise been designated by 
the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs 
as a significant energy action. This is a national drinking water 
occurrence study that was submitted to OMB for review.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)

    This action involves technical standards. EPA has identified 
options that involve using analytical methods developed by the agency 
and three major voluntary consensus method organizations to support 
UCMR 5 monitoring. The voluntary consensus method organizations are 
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, and ASTM 
International. EPA identified acceptable consensus method organization 
standards for the analysis of lithium. A summary of each method along 
with how the method specifically applies to UCMR 5 can be found in 
Section III.I of this preamble.
    All of these standards are reasonably available for public use. EPA 
methods are free for download on the agency's website. The methods in 
the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 23rd 
edition are consensus standards, available for purchase from the 
publisher, and are commonly used by the drinking water laboratory 
community. The methods in the Standard Methods Online are consensus 
standards, available for purchase from the publisher's website, and are 
commonly used by the drinking water laboratory community. The methods 
from ASTM International are consensus standards, are available for 
purchase from the publisher's website, and are commonly used by the 
drinking water laboratory community.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    EPA believes that this action is not subject to Executive Order 
12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it does not establish an 
environmental health or safety standard. Background information 
regarding EPA's consideration of Executive Order 12898 in the 
development of this final rule is provided in Section III.F of this 
preamble, and an additional supporting document, titled, ``Summary of 
Environmental Justice Considerations for the Fifth Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal,'' has been placed in the 
electronic docket listed in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble.

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

    This action is subject to the CRA, and EPA will submit a rule 
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of 
the United States. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 
U.S.C. 804(2).

VI. References

(i) ASDWA. 2013. Insufficient Resources for State Drinking Water 
Programs Threaten Public Health: An Analysis of State Drinking Water 
Programs' Resources and Needs. December 2013. Available at https://www.asdwa.org/asdwa-reports/.
(ii) ASTM. 2020. ASTM D1976-20--Standard Test Method for Elements in 
Water by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. 
ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428. Approved 
May 1, 2020. Available for purchase at https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1976.htm.
(iii) California DHS. 2002. California Department of Health 
Services. Determination of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Drinking Water 
by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Division of 
Drinking Water and Environmental Management, Sanitation and 
Radiation Laboratories Branch, Berkeley, CA. Available at https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/123-tcp/tcp_by_pt_gcms.pdf.
(iv) Settlement Agreement, Waterkeeper Alliance, Inc. v. U.S. EPA, 
No. 1:19-cv-00899-LJL (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 1, 2020).
(v) SM. 2017. 3120B--Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (2017): 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method. Standard Methods for the 
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd edition. American Public 
Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
(vi) SM Online. 1999. 3120B-99--Metals by Plasma Emission 
Spectroscopy: Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method (Editorial 
Revisions, 2020). Standard Methods Online. Available for purchase at 
http://www.standardmethods.org.
(vii) USEPA. 1989. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; 
Filtration, Disinfection; Turbidity, Giardia lamblia, Viruses, 
Legionella, and Heterotrophic Bacteria; Final Rule. Federal 
Register. Vol. 54, No. 124, p. 27486, June 29, 1989.
(viii) USEPA. 1994. EPA Method 200.7--Determination of Metals and 
Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-
Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Revision 4.4. Office of Research and 
Development, Cincinnati, OH. Available at https://www.epa.gov/esam/method-2007-determination-metals-and-trace-elements-water-and-wastes-inductively-coupled-plasma.
(ix) USEPA. 1998a. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: 
Consumer Confidence Reports; Proposed Rule. Federal Register. Vol. 
63, No. 30, p. 7606, February 13, 1998.
(x) USEPA. 1998b. National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: 
Consumer Confidence Reports; Final Rule. Federal Register. Vol. 63, 
No. 160, p. 44512, August 19, 1998.
(xi) USEPA. 2010. Technical Basis for the Lowest Concentration 
Minimum Reporting Level (LCMRL) Calculator. EPA 815-R-11-001. Office 
of Water. December 2010. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xii) USEPA. 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final 
Report). U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-09/052F. Office of 
Research and Development, Washington, DC. September 2011. Available 
at https://www.epa.gov/expobox/about-exposure-factors-handbook.

[[Page 73151]]

(xiii) USEPA. 2012. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Regulation (UCMR 3) for Public Water Systems; Final Rule. 
Federal Register. Vol. 77, No. 85, p. 26072, May 2, 2012.
(xiv) USEPA. 2016. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule (UCMR 4) for Public Water Systems and Announcement 
of Public Meeting. Federal Register. Vol. 81, No. 244, p. 92666, 
December 20, 2016.
(xv) USEPA. 2017. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; 
Announcement of the Results of EPA's Review of Existing Drinking 
Water Standards and Request for Public Comment and/or Information on 
Related Issues. Federal Register. Vol. 82, No. 7, p. 3518, January 
11, 2017.
(xvi) USEPA. 2018. Method Development for Unregulated Contaminants 
in Drinking Water: Public Meeting and Webinar. EPA 815-A-18-001. 
Office of Water. June 2018. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xvii) USEPA. 2019a. Development of the Proposed Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule for the Fifth Monitoring Cycle (UCMR 5). 
Presentation Slides. EPA 815-A-19-001. Office of Water. Available at 
https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials.
(xviii) USEPA. 2019b. EPA Method 533--Determination of Per- and 
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Isotope Dilution 
Anion Exchange Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/
Tandem Mass Spectrometry. EPA 815-B-19-020. Office of Water, 
Cincinnati, OH. November 2019. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xix) USEPA. 2019c. Appendix C: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane in Regulatory 
Determination 4 Support Document for Selected Contaminants from the 
Fourth Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 4). EPA 815-R-
19-006. Docket ID EPA-HQ-OW-2019-0583. Available at https://www.regulations.gov.
(xx) USEPA. 2020. EPA Method 537.1--Determination of Selected Per- 
and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid 
Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry 
(LC/MS/MS). Version 2.0. EPA/600/R-20/006. Office of Research and 
Development, Cincinnati, OH. March 2020. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
(xxii) USEPA. 2021a. Selection of Nationally Representative Public 
Water Systems for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule: 2021 
Update. EPA 815-B-21-012. Office of Water. December 2021.
(xxiii) USEPA. 2021b. Information Collection Request for the Final 
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5). EPA 815-B-21-008. 
Office of Water. December 2021.
(xxiv) USEPA. 2021c. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule for the Fifth Monitoring Cycle (UCMR 5): Public 
Meeting and Webinar. Presentation Slides. EPA 815-A-21-001. Office 
of Water. April 2021. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule-ucmr-meetings-and-materials.
(xxv) USEPA. 2021d. Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 5--
Draft. Federal Register. Vol. 86, No. 135 p. 37948, July 19, 2021.
(xxvi) USEPA. 2021e. Information Compendium for Contaminants for the 
Final Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5). EPA 815-B-
21-009. Office of Water. December 2021.
(xxvii) USEPA. 2021f. UCMR 5 Laboratory Approval Manual. EPA 815-B-
21-010. Office of Water. December 2021.
(xxviii) USEPA. 2021g. Revisions to the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule for Public Water Systems and Announcement of Public 
Meeting; Proposed Rule and Notice of Public Meeting. Federal 
Register. Vol. 86, No. 46, p. 13846, March 11, 2021.
(xxix) USEPA. 2021h. Revisions to 40 CFR 141.35 and 141.40. EPA 815-
B-21-011. Office of Water. December 2021. Available in EPA's public 
docket (under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2020-0530) at https://www.regulations.gov.
(xxx) USEPA. 2021i. Response to Comments on the Fifth Unregulated 
Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) Proposal. EPA 815-R-21-008. 
Office of Water. December 2021.
(xxi) USEPA. 2021j. Instructions for Preparing a Ground Water 
Representative Monitoring Plan for the Unregulated Contaminant 
Monitoring Rule. EPA 815-B-21-013. Office of Water. December 2021.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141

    Environmental protection, Chemicals, Incorporation by reference, 
Indian--lands, Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Water supply.

Michael S. Regan,
Administrator.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, EPA amends 40 CFR part 
141 as follows:

PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

0
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 
300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.

Subpart D--Reporting and Recordkeeping

0
2. Amend Sec.  141.35 as follows:
0
a. In paragraph (a), revise the fourth sentence;
0
b. In paragraph (c)(1), remove the text ``December 31, 2017'' and add, 
in its place the text ``December 31, 2022'';
0
c. Revise paragraphs (c)(2), (c)(3)(i) through (iii), (c)(4), 
(c)(5)(i), and (c)(6)(ii);
0
d. In paragraph (d)(2), revise the first, second, and third sentences; 
and
0
f. Revise paragraph (e).
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  141.35   Reporting for unregulated contaminant monitoring 
results.

    (a) * * * For the purposes of this section, PWS ``population 
served'' is the retail population served directly by the PWS as 
reported to the Federal Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/
Fed). * * *
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) Sampling location inventory information. You must provide your 
inventory information by December 31, 2022, using EPA's electronic data 
reporting system, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. You 
must submit, verify, or update data elements 1-9 (as defined in Table 1 
of paragraph (e) of this section) for each sampling location, or for 
each approved representative sampling location (as specified in 
paragraph (c)(3) of this section) regarding representative sampling 
locations. If this information changes, you must report updates, 
including new sources, and sampling locations that are put in use 
before or during the UCMR sampling period, to EPA's electronic data 
reporting system within 30 days of the change.
    (3) * * *
    (i) Qualifications. Large PWSs that have EPA- or State-approved 
representative EPTDS sampling locations from a previous UCMR cycle, or 
as provided for under 40 CFR 141.23(a)(1), 40 CFR 141.24(f)(1), or 40 
CFR 141.24(h)(1), may submit a copy of documentation from your State or 
EPA that approves your representative sampling plan. PWSs that do not 
have an approved representative EPTDS sampling plan may submit a 
proposal to sample at representative EPTDS(s) rather than at each 
individual EPTDS if: You use ground water as a source; all of your well 
sources have either the same treatment or no treatment; and you have 
multiple EPTDSs from the same source (i.e., same aquifer). You must 
submit a copy of the existing or proposed representative EPTDS sampling 
plan, as appropriate, at least six months prior to your scheduled 
sample collection, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If 
changes to your inventory that impact your representative plan occur 
before or during the UCMR sampling period, you must report updates 
within 30 days of the change.

[[Page 73152]]

    (ii) Demonstration. If you are submitting a proposal to sample at 
representative EPTDS(s) rather than at each individual EPTDS, you must 
demonstrate that any EPTDS that you propose as representative of 
multiple wells is associated with a well that draws from the same 
aquifer as the wells it will represent. The proposed well must be 
representative of the highest annual volume and most consistently 
active wells in the representative array. If that representative well 
is not in use at the scheduled sampling time, you must select and 
sample an alternative representative well. You must submit the 
information defined in Table 1, paragraph (e) of this section for each 
proposed representative sampling location. You must also include 
documentation to support your proposal that the specified wells are 
representative of other wells. This documentation can include system-
maintained well logs or construction drawings indicating that the 
representative well(s) is/are at a representative depth, and details of 
well casings and grouting; data demonstrating relative homogeneity of 
water quality constituents (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, 
iron, manganese) in samples drawn from each well; and data showing that 
your wells are located in a limited geographic area (e.g., all wells 
within a 0.5 mile radius) and/or, if available, the hydrogeologic data 
indicating the ground water travel time between the representative well 
and each of the individual wells it represents (e.g., all wells within 
a five-year time of travel delineation). Your proposal must be sent in 
writing to EPA, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (iii) Approval. EPA or the State (as specified in the Partnership 
Agreement reached between the State and EPA) will review your proposal 
and coordinate any necessary changes with you. Your plan will not be 
final until you receive written approval from EPA, identifying the 
final list of EPTDSs where you will be required to monitor.
    (4) Contacting EPA if your PWS has not been notified of 
requirements. If you believe you are subject to UCMR requirements, as 
defined in 40 CFR 141.40(a)(1) and (a)(2)(i), and you have not been 
contacted by either EPA or your State by April 26, 2022, you must send 
a letter to EPA, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. The 
letter must be from your PWS Official and must include an explanation 
as to why the UCMR requirements are applicable to your system along 
with the appropriate contact information. A copy of the letter must 
also be submitted to the State as directed by the State. EPA will make 
an applicability determination based on your letter, and in 
consultation with the State when necessary and will notify you 
regarding your applicability status and required sampling schedule. 
However, if your PWS meets the applicability criteria specified in 40 
CFR 141.40(a)(2)(i), you are subject to the UCMR monitoring and 
reporting requirements, regardless of whether you have been contacted 
by the State or EPA.
    (5) * * *
    (i) General rescheduling notification requirements. Large systems 
may independently change their monitoring schedules up to December 31, 
2022, using EPA's electronic data reporting system, as specified in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section. After this date has passed, if your 
PWS cannot sample according to your assigned sampling schedule (e.g., 
because of budget constraints, or if a sampling location will be closed 
during the scheduled month of monitoring), you must mail or email a 
letter to EPA, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, prior 
to the scheduled sampling date. You must include an explanation of why 
the samples cannot be taken according to the assigned schedule, and you 
must provide the alternative schedule you are requesting. You must not 
reschedule monitoring specifically to avoid sample collection during a 
suspected vulnerable period. You are subject to your assigned UCMR 
sampling schedule or the schedule that you revised on or before 
December 31, 2022, unless and until you receive a letter from EPA 
specifying a new schedule.
* * * * *
    (6) * * *
    (ii) Reporting schedule. You must require your laboratory, on your 
behalf, to post and approve the data in EPA's electronic data reporting 
system, accessible at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr, for your review 
within 90 days from the sample collection date (sample collection must 
occur as specified in 40 CFR 141.40(a)(4)). You then have 30 days from 
when the laboratory posts and approves your data to review, approve, 
and submit the data to the State and EPA via the agency's electronic 
data reporting system. If you do not electronically approve and submit 
the laboratory data to EPA within 30 days of the laboratory posting 
approved data, the data will be considered approved by you and 
available for State and EPA review.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Sampling location inventory information. You must provide your 
inventory information by December 31, 2022, using EPA's electronic data 
reporting system, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If 
this information changes, you must report updates, including new 
sources, and sampling locations that are put in use before or during 
the UCMR sampling period, to EPA's electronic data reporting system 
within 30 days of the change, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section. * * *
    (e) Data elements. Table 1 defines the data elements that must be 
provided for UCMR monitoring.

 Table 1 to Paragraph (e)--Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Reporting
                              Requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Data element                          Definition
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Public Water System              The code used to identify each PWS.
 Identification (PWSID) Code.        The code begins with the standard 2-
                                     character postal State abbreviation
                                     or Region code; the remaining 7
                                     numbers are unique to each PWS in
                                     the State. The same identification
                                     code must be used to represent the
                                     PWS identification for all current
                                     and future UCMR monitoring.
2. Public Water System Name.......  Unique name, assigned once by the
                                     PWS.
3. Public Water System Facility     An identification code established
 Identification Code.                by the State or, at the State's
                                     discretion, by the PWS, following
                                     the format of a 5-digit number
                                     unique within each PWS for each
                                     applicable facility (i.e., for each
                                     source of water, treatment plant,
                                     distribution system, or any other
                                     facility associated with water
                                     treatment or delivery). The same
                                     identification code must be used to
                                     represent the facility for all
                                     current and future UCMR monitoring.
4. Public Water System Facility     Unique name, assigned once by the
 Name.                               PWS, for every facility ID (e.g.,
                                     Treatment Plant).

[[Page 73153]]

 
5. Public Water System Facility     That code that identifies that type
 Type.                               of facility as either:
                                    CC = Consecutive connection.
                                    SS = Sampling station.
                                    TP = Treatment plant.
                                    OT = Other.
6. Water Source Type..............  The type of source water that
                                     supplies a water system facility.
                                     Systems must report one of the
                                     following codes for each sampling
                                     location:
                                    SW = Surface water (to be reported
                                     for water facilities that are
                                     served entirely by a surface water
                                     source during the 12-month period).
                                    GU = Ground water under the direct
                                     influence of surface water (to be
                                     reported for water facilities that
                                     are served all or in part by ground
                                     water under the direct influence of
                                     surface water at any time during
                                     the 12-month sampling period), and
                                     are not served at all by surface
                                     water during this period.
                                    MX = Mixed water (to be reported for
                                     water facilities that are served by
                                     a mix of surface water, ground
                                     water, and/or ground water under
                                     the direct influence of surface
                                     water during the 12-month period).
                                    GW = Ground water (to be reported
                                     for water facilities that are
                                     served entirely by a ground water
                                     source during the 12-month period).
7. Sampling Point Identification    An identification code established
 Code.                               by the State, or at the State's
                                     discretion, by the PWS, that
                                     uniquely identifies each sampling
                                     point. Each sampling code must be
                                     unique within each applicable
                                     facility, for each applicable
                                     sampling location (i.e., entry
                                     point to the distribution system).
                                     The same identification code must
                                     be used to represent the sampling
                                     location for all current and future
                                     UCMR monitoring.
8. Sampling Point Name............  Unique sample point name, assigned
                                     once by the PWS, for every sample
                                     point ID (e.g., Entry Point).
9. Sampling Point Type Code.......  A code that identifies the location
                                     of the sampling point as:
                                    EP = Entry point to the distribution
                                     system.
10. Disinfectant Type.............  All of the disinfectants/oxidants
                                     that have been added prior to and
                                     at the entry point to the
                                     distribution system. Please select
                                     all that apply:
                                    PEMB = Permanganate.
                                    HPXB = Hydrogen peroxide.
                                    CLGA = Gaseous chlorine.
                                    CLOF = Offsite generated
                                     hypochlorite (stored as a liquid
                                     form).
                                    CLON = Onsite generated
                                     hypochlorite.
                                    CAGC = Chloramine (formed with
                                     gaseous chlorine).
                                    CAOF = Chloramine (formed with
                                     offsite hypochlorite).
                                    CAON = Chloramine (formed with
                                     onsite hypochlorite).
                                    CLDB = Chlorine dioxide.
                                    OZON = Ozone.
                                    ULVL = Ultraviolet light.
                                    OTHD = All other types of
                                     disinfectant/oxidant.
                                    NODU = No disinfectant/oxidant used.
11. Treatment Information.........  Treatment information associated
                                     with the sample point. Please
                                     select all that apply.
                                    CON = Conventional (non-softening,
                                     consisting of at least coagulation/
                                     sedimentation basins and
                                     filtration).
                                    SFN = Softening.
                                    RBF = River bank filtration.
                                    PSD = Pre-sedimentation.
                                    INF = In-line filtration.
                                    DFL = Direct filtration.
                                    SSF = Slow sand filtration.
                                    BIO = Biological filtration
                                     (operated with an intention of
                                     maintaining biological activity
                                     within filter).
                                    UTR = Unfiltered treatment for
                                     surface water source.
                                    GWD = Groundwater system with
                                     disinfection only.
                                    PAC = Application of powder
                                     activated carbon.
                                    GAC = Granular activated carbon
                                     adsorption (not part of filters in
                                     CON, SFN, INF, DFL, or SSF).
                                    AIR = Air stripping (packed towers,
                                     diffused gas contactors).
                                    POB = Pre-oxidation with chlorine
                                     (applied before coagulation for CON
                                     or SFN plants or before filtration
                                     for other filtration plants).
                                    MFL = Membrane filtration.
                                    IEX = Ionic exchange.
                                    DAF = Dissolved air floatation.
                                    CWL = Clear well/finished water
                                     storage without aeration.
                                    CWA = Clear well/finished water
                                     storage with aeration.
                                    ADS = Aeration in distribution
                                     system (localized treatment).
                                    OTH = All other types of treatment.
                                    NTU = No treatment used.
                                    DKN = Do not know.
12. Sample Collection Date........  The date the sample is collected,
                                     reported as 4-digit year, 2-digit
                                     month, and 2-digit day (YYYYMMDD).
13. Sample Identification Code....  An alphanumeric value up to 30
                                     characters assigned by the
                                     laboratory to uniquely identify
                                     containers, or groups of
                                     containers, containing water
                                     samples collected at the same
                                     sampling location for the same
                                     sampling date.
14. Contaminant...................  The unregulated contaminant for
                                     which the sample is being analyzed.
15. Analytical Method Code........  The identification code of the
                                     analytical method used.
16. Extraction Batch                Laboratory assigned extraction batch
 Identification Code.                ID. Must be unique for each
                                     extraction batch within the
                                     laboratory for each method. For CCC
                                     samples report the Analysis Batch
                                     Identification Code as the value
                                     for this field. For methods without
                                     an extraction batch, leave this
                                     field null.

[[Page 73154]]

 
17. Extraction Date...............  Date for the start of the extraction
                                     batch (YYYYMMDD). For methods
                                     without an extraction batch, leave
                                     this field null.
18. Analysis Batch Identification   Laboratory assigned analysis batch
 Code.                               ID. Must be unique for each
                                     analysis batch within the
                                     laboratory for each method.
19. Analysis Date.................  Date for the start of the analysis
                                     batch (YYYYMMDD).
20. Sample Analysis Type..........  The type of sample collected and/or
                                     prepared, as well as the
                                     fortification level. Permitted
                                     values include:
                                    CCCL = MRL level continuing
                                     calibration check; a calibration
                                     standard containing the
                                     contaminant, the internal standard,
                                     and surrogate analyzed to verify
                                     the existing calibration for those
                                     contaminants.
                                    CCCM = Medium level continuing
                                     calibration check; a calibration
                                     standard containing the
                                     contaminant, the internal standard,
                                     and surrogate analyzed to verify
                                     the existing calibration for those
                                     contaminants.
                                    CCCH = High level continuing
                                     calibration check; a calibration
                                     standard containing the
                                     contaminant, the internal standard,
                                     and surrogate analyzed to verify
                                     the existing calibration for those
                                     contaminants.
                                    FS = Field sample; sample collected
                                     and submitted for analysis under
                                     this final rule.
                                    LFB = Laboratory fortified blank; an
                                     aliquot of reagent water fortified
                                     with known quantities of the
                                     contaminants and all preservation
                                     compounds.
                                    LRB = Laboratory reagent blank; an
                                     aliquot of reagent water treated
                                     exactly as a field sample,
                                     including the addition of
                                     preservatives, internal standards,
                                     and surrogates to determine if
                                     interferences are present in the
                                     laboratory, reagents, or other
                                     equipment.
                                    LFSM = Laboratory fortified sample
                                     matrix; a UCMR field sample with a
                                     known amount of the contaminant of
                                     interest and all preservation
                                     compounds added.
                                    LFSMD = Laboratory fortified sample
                                     matrix duplicate; duplicate of the
                                     laboratory fortified sample matrix.
                                    QCS = Quality control sample; a
                                     sample prepared with a source
                                     external to the one used for
                                     initial calibration and CCC. The
                                     QCS is used to check calibration
                                     standard integrity.
                                    FRB = Field reagent blank; an
                                     aliquot of reagent water treated as
                                     a sample including exposure to
                                     sampling conditions to determine if
                                     interferences or contamination are
                                     present from sample collection
                                     through analysis.
21. Analytical Result--Sign.......  A value indicating whether the
                                     sample analysis result was:
                                    (<) ``less than'' means the
                                     contaminant was not detected, or
                                     was detected at a level below the
                                     Minimum Reporting Level.
                                    (=) ``equal to'' means the
                                     contaminant was detected at the
                                     level reported in ``Analytical
                                     Result-- Measured Value.''
22. Analytical Result--Measured     The actual numeric value of the
 Value.                              analytical results for: Field
                                     samples; laboratory fortified
                                     matrix samples; laboratory
                                     fortified sample matrix duplicates;
                                     and concentration fortified.
23. Additional Value..............  Represents the true value or the
                                     fortified concentration for spiked
                                     samples for QC Sample Analysis
                                     Types (CCCL, CCCM, CCCH, QCS, LFB,
                                     LFSM, and LFSMD).
24. Laboratory Identification Code  The code, assigned by EPA, used to
                                     identify each laboratory. The code
                                     begins with the standard two-
                                     character State postal
                                     abbreviation; the remaining five
                                     numbers are unique to each
                                     laboratory in the State.
25. Sample Event Code.............  A code assigned by the PWS for each
                                     sample event. This will associate
                                     samples with the PWS monitoring
                                     plan to allow EPA to track
                                     compliance and completeness.
                                     Systems must assign the following
                                     codes:
                                    SE1, SE2, SE3, and SE4--Represent
                                     samples collected to meet UCMR
                                     Assessment Monitoring requirements;
                                     where ``SE1'' and ``SE2'' represent
                                     the first and second sampling
                                     period for all water types; and
                                     ``SE3'' and ``SE4'' represent the
                                     third and fourth sampling period
                                     for SW, GU, and MX sources only.
26. Historical Information for      A yes or no answer provided by the
 Contaminant Detections and          PWS for each entry point to the
 Treatment.                          distribution system.
                                    Question: Have you tested for the
                                     contaminant in your drinking water
                                     in the past?
                                    YES = If yes, did you modify your
                                     treatment and if so, what types of
                                     treatment did you implement? Select
                                     all that apply.
                                       PAC = Application of powder
                                        activated carbon.
                                       GAC = Granular activated carbon
                                        adsorption (not part of filters
                                        in CON, SFN, INF, DFL, or SSF).
                                       IEX = Ionic exchange.
                                       NRO = Nanofiltration and reverse
                                        osmosis.
                                       OZN = Ozone.
                                       BAC = Biologically active carbon.
                                       MFL = Membrane filtration.
                                       UVL = Ultraviolet light.
                                       OTH = Other.
                                       NMT = Not modified after testing.
                                       NO = Have never tested for the
                                        contaminant.
                                       DK = Do not know.
27. Potential PFAS Sources........  A yes or no answer provided by the
                                     PWS for each entry point to the
                                     distribution system.
                                    Question: Are you aware of any
                                     potential current and/or historical
                                     sources of PFAS that may have
                                     impacted the drinking water sources
                                     at your water system?
                                       YES = If yes, select all that
                                        apply:
                                       MB = Military base.
                                       FT = Firefighting training
                                        school.
                                       AO = Airport operations.
                                       CW = Car wash or industrial
                                        launderers.
                                       PS = Public safety activities
                                        (e.g., fire and rescue
                                        services).
                                       WM = Waste management.
                                       HW = Hazardous waste collection,
                                        treatment, and disposal.
                                       UW = Underground injection well.
                                       SC = Solid waste collection,
                                        combustors, incinerators.
                                       MF = Manufacturing.

[[Page 73155]]

 
                                       FP = Food packaging.
                                       TA = Textile and apparel (e.g.,
                                        stain- and water-resistant,
                                        fiber/thread, carpet, house
                                        furnishings, leather).
                                       PP = Paper.
                                       CC = Chemical.
                                       PR = Plastics and rubber
                                        products.
                                       MM = Machinery.
                                       CE = Computer and electronic
                                        products.
                                       FM = Fabricated metal products
                                        (e.g., nonstick cookware).
                                       PC = Petroleum and coal products.
                                       FF = Furniture.
                                       OG = Oil and gas production.
                                       UT = Utilities (e.g., sewage
                                        treatment facilities).
                                       CT = Construction (e.g., wood
                                        floor finishing, electrostatic
                                        painting).
                                       OT = Other.
                                       NO = Not aware of any potential
                                        current and/or historical
                                        sources.
                                       DK = Do not know.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subpart E--Special Regulations, Including Monitoring Regulations 
and Prohibition on Lead Use

0
3. Amend Sec.  141.40 as follows:
0
a. In paragraph (a) introductory text, remove the text ``December 31, 
2015'' and add in its place the text ``February 1, 2021 or subsequent 
corrections from the State'';
0
b. Revise paragraphs (a)(2)(ii) introductory text, (a)(2)(ii)(A), and 
(a)(3);
0
c. In paragraph (a)(4)(i) introductory text, remove the text ``December 
31, 2017'' and add in its place the text ``December 31, 2022'';
0
d. Revise paragraphs (a)(4)(i)(A) through (C), (a)(4)(ii) introductory 
text, and the first sentence in paragraph (a)(4)(ii)(A);
0
e. Remove paragraph (a)(4)(iii);
0
f. In paragraph (a)(5)(ii), revise the fifth and sixth sentences;
0
g. Revise paragraph (a)(5)(iii) introductory text;
0
h. Remove and reserve paragraph (a)(5)(iv); and
0
i. Revise paragraphs (a)(5)(v) and (vi) and paragraph (c).
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  141.40  Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants.

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Small systems. EPA will provide sample containers, provide 
pre-paid air bills for shipping the sampling materials, conduct the 
laboratory analysis, and report and review monitoring results for all 
small systems selected to conduct monitoring under paragraphs 
(a)(2)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section. If you own or operate a PWS 
(other than a transient non-community water system) that serves a 
retail population of 10,000 or fewer people and you are notified of 
monitoring requirements by the State or EPA, you must monitor as 
follows:
    (A) Assessment Monitoring. You must monitor for the contaminants on 
List 1 per table 1 to paragraph (a)(3) if you are notified by your 
State or EPA that you are part of the State Monitoring Plan for 
Assessment Monitoring.
* * * * *
    (3) Analytes to be monitored. Lists 1, 2, and 3 contaminants are 
provided in table 1 to paragraph (a)(3):

                                                   Table 1 to Paragraph (a)(3)--UCMR Contaminant List
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                               6--Period during which
         1--Contaminant                 2--CASRN          3--Analytical        4--Minimum reporting        5--Sampling         sample collection to be
                                                           methods \a\              level \b\              location \c\               completed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              List 1: Assessment Monitoring
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-          763051-92-9........  EPA 533............  0.005 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid
 (11Cl-PF3OUdS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecane    39108-34-4.........  EPA 533............  0.005 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 sulfonic acid (8:2 FTS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorohexane    757124-72-4........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 sulfonic acid (4:2 FTS).
1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctane    27619-97-2.........  EPA 533............  0.005 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS).
4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic    919005-14-4........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 acid (ADONA).
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone- 756426-58-1........  EPA 533............  0.002 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS).
hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer   13252-13-6.........  EPA 533............  0.005 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 acid (HFPO-DA) (GenX).
nonafluoro[hyphen]3,6[hyphen]dio  151772-58-6........  EPA 533............  0.02 [micro]g/L..........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 xaheptanoic acid (NFDHA).
perfluoro                         113507-82-7........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (2[hyphen]ethoxyethane)
 sulfonic acid (PFEESA).
perfluoro[hyphen]3[hyphen]methox  377-73-1...........  EPA 533............  0.004 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 ypropanoic acid (PFMPA).
perfluoro[hyphen]4[hyphen]methox  863090-89-5........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 ybutanoic acid (PFMBA).
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid      375-73-5...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFBS).
perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)...  375-22-4...........  EPA 533............  0.005 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025

[[Page 73156]]

 
perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)...  335-76-2...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA)  307-55-1...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid     375-92-8...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFHpS).
perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA).  375-85-9...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid      355-46-4...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFHxS).
perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)..  307-24-4...........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)...  375-95-1...........  EPA 533............  0.004 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluorooctanesulfonic acid      1763-23-1..........  EPA 533............  0.004 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFOS).
perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)...  335-67-1...........  EPA 533............  0.004 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluoropentanesulfonic acid     2706-91-4..........  EPA 533............  0.004 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFPeS).
perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA).  2706-90-3..........  EPA 533............  0.003 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA)  2058-94-8..........  EPA 533............  0.002 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
n-ethyl                           2991-50-6..........  EPA 537.1..........  0.005 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoaceti
 c acid (NEtFOSAA).
n-methyl                          2355-31-9..........  EPA 537.1..........  0.006 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 perfluorooctanesulfonamidoaceti
 c acid (NMeFOSAA).
perfluorotetradecanoic acid       376-06-7...........  EPA 537.1..........  0.008 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFTA).
perfluorotridecanoic acid         72629-94-8.........  EPA 537.1..........  0.007 [micro]g/L.........  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
 (PFTrDA).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Metal/Pharmaceutical
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lithium.........................  7439-93-2..........  EPA 200.7, SM 3120   9 [micro]g/L.............  EPTDS..............  1/1/2023-12/31/2025
                                                        B, ASTM D1976-20.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                List 2: Screening Survey
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserved........................  Reserved...........  Reserved...........  Reserved.................  Reserved...........  Reserved
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               List 3: Pre-Screen Testing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserved........................  Reserved...........  Reserved...........  Reserved.................  Reserved...........  Reserved
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Column headings are:
1--Contaminant: The name of the contaminant to be analyzed.
2--CASRN (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number) or Identification Number: A unique number identifying the chemical contaminants.
3--Analytical Methods: Method numbers identifying the methods that must be used to test the contaminants.
4--Minimum Reporting Level (MRL): The value and unit of measure at or above which the concentration of the contaminant must be measured using the
  approved analytical methods. If EPA determines, after the first six months of monitoring that the specified MRLs result in excessive resampling, EPA
  will establish alternate MRLs and will notify affected PWSs and laboratories of the new MRLs. N/A is defined as non-applicable.
5--Sampling Location: The locations within a PWS at which samples must be collected.
6--Period During Which Sample Collection to be Completed: The time period during which the sampling and testing will occur for the indicated
  contaminant.
\a\ The analytical procedures shall be performed in accordance with the documents associated with each method, see paragraph (c) of this section.
\b\ The MRL is the minimum concentration of each analyte that must be reported to EPA.
\c\ Sampling must occur at your PWS's entry points to the distribution system (EPTDSs), after treatment is applied, that represent each non-emergency
  water source in routine use over the 12-month period of monitoring. Systems that purchase water with multiple connections from the same wholesaler may
  select one representative connection from that wholesaler. The representative EPTDS must be a location within the purchaser's water system. This EPTDS
  sampling location must be representative of the highest annual volume connections. If the connection selected as the representative EPTDS is not
  available for sampling, an alternate highest volume representative connection must be sampled. See 40 CFR 141.35(c)(3) for an explanation of the
  requirements related to the use of representative GW EPTDSs.

    (4) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (A) Sample collection period. You must collect the samples in one 
continuous 12-month period for List 1 Assessment Monitoring, and, if 
applicable, for List 2 Screening Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing, 
during the timeframe indicated in column 6 of table 1 to paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section. EPA or your State will specify the month(s) and 
year(s) in which your monitoring must occur. As specified in 40 CFR 
141.35(c)(5), you must contact EPA if you believe you cannot collect 
samples according to your schedule.
    (B) Frequency. You must collect the samples within the timeframe 
and according to the frequency specified by contaminant type and water 
source type for each sampling location, as specified in table 2 to this 
paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B). For the second or subsequent round of sampling, 
if a sample location is non-operational for more than one month before 
and one month after the scheduled sampling month (i.e., it is not 
possible for you to sample within the window specified in table 2), you 
must notify EPA as specified in 40 CFR 141.35(c)(5) to reschedule your 
sampling.

          Table 2 to Paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B)--Monitoring Frequency by Contaminant and Water Source Types
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Contaminant type             Water source type            Timeframe                 Frequency \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List 1 Contaminants.............  Surface water, Mixed,   12 months................  You must monitor for four
                                   or GWUDI.                                          consecutive quarters.
                                                                                      Sample events must occur
                                                                                      three months apart.
                                                                                      (Example: If first
                                                                                      monitoring is in January,
                                                                                      the second monitoring must
                                                                                      occur any time in April,
                                                                                      the third any time in
                                                                                      July, and the fourth any
                                                                                      time in October).
                                  Ground water..........  12 months................  You must monitor twice in a
                                                                                      consecutive 12-month
                                                                                      period. Sample events must
                                                                                      occur 5-7 months apart.
                                                                                      (Example: If the first
                                                                                      monitoring event is in
                                                                                      April, the second
                                                                                      monitoring event must
                                                                                      occur any time in
                                                                                      September, October, or
                                                                                      November.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Systems must assign a sample event code for each contaminant listed in Table 1. Sample event codes must be
  assigned by the PWS for each sample event. For more information on sample event codes see 40 CFR 141.35(e)
  Table 1.

[[Page 73157]]

    (C) Location. You must collect samples for each List 1 Assessment 
Monitoring contaminant, and, if applicable, for each List 2 Screening 
Survey, or List 3 Pre-Screen Testing contaminant, as specified in table 
1 to paragraph (a)(3) of this section. Samples must be collected at 
each sample point that is specified in column 5 and footnote c of table 
1 to paragraph (a)(3) of this section. If you are a GW system with 
multiple EPTDSs, and you request and receive approval from EPA or the 
State for sampling at representative EPTDS(s), as specified in 40 CFR 
141.35(c)(3), you must collect your samples from the approved 
representative sampling location(s).
* * * * *
    (ii) Small systems. If you serve a population of 10,000 or fewer 
people and are notified that you are part of the State Monitoring Plan, 
you must comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs 
(a)(4)(ii)(A) through (H) of this section. If EPA or the State informs 
you that they will be collecting your UCMR samples, you must assist 
them in identifying the appropriate sampling locations and in 
collecting the samples.
    (A) Sample collection and frequency. You must collect samples at 
the times specified for you by the State or EPA. Your schedule must 
follow both the timing of monitoring specified in table 1 to paragraph 
(a)(3) of this section, List 1, and, if applicable, List 2, or List 3, 
and the frequency of monitoring in table 2 to paragraph (a)(4)(i)(B) of 
this section.
* * * * *
    (5) * * *
    (ii) * * * To participate in the UCMR Laboratory Approval Program, 
the laboratory must register and complete the necessary application 
materials by August 1, 2022. Correspondence must be addressed to: UCMR 
Laboratory Approval Coordinator, USEPA, Technical Support Center, 26 
West Martin Luther King Drive, (MS 140), Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; or 
emailed to EPA at: [email protected].
    (iii) Minimum Reporting Level. The MRL is defined by EPA as the 
quantitation limit achievable, with 95 percent confidence, by 75 
percent of laboratories nationwide, assuming the use of good 
instrumentation and experienced analysts.
* * * * *
    (v) Method defined quality control. You must ensure that your 
laboratory analyzes Laboratory Fortified Blanks and conducts Laboratory 
Performance Checks, as appropriate to the method's requirements, for 
those methods listed in column 3 in table 1 to paragraph (a)(3) of this 
section. Each method specifies acceptance criteria for these QC checks.
    (vi) Reporting. You must require your laboratory, on your behalf, 
to post and approve these data in EPA's electronic data reporting 
system, accessible at https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr, for your review 
within 90 days from the sample collection date. You then have 30 days 
from when the laboratory posts and approves your data to review, 
approve, and submit the data to the State and EPA, via the agency's 
electronic data reporting system. If you do not electronically approve 
and submit the laboratory data to EPA within 30 days of the laboratory 
posting approved data, the data will be considered approved by you and 
available for State and EPA review.
* * * * *
    (c) Incorporation by reference. The standards required in this 
section are incorporated by reference into this section with the 
approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) 
and 1 CFR part 51. All approved material is available for inspection at 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, 
Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004, (202) 566-
1744, email [email protected], or go to https://www.epa.gov/dockets/epa-docket-center-reading-room, and is available 
from the sources indicated elsewhere in this paragraph. The material is 
also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records 
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this 
material at NARA, email [email protected], or go to 
www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
    (1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 
Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004; telephone: (202) 566-1744.
    (i) Method 200.7, ``Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in 
Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission 
Spectrometry,'' Revision 4.4, EMMC Version, 1994. Available at https://www.epa.gov/esam/method-2007-determination-metals-and-trace-elements-water-and-wastes-inductively-coupled-plasma.
    (ii) Method 537.1, ``Determination of Selected Per- and 
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Drinking Water by Solid Phase 
Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,'' 
Version 2.0, 2020. Available at https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods.
    (iii) Method 533, ``Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl 
Substances in Drinking Water by Isotope Dilution Anion Exchange Solid 
Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry,'' 
November 2019, EPA 815-B-19-020. Available at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
    (2) American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, 
Washington, DC 20001-3710; telephone: (202) 777-2742; email: 
[email protected]; www.apha.org.
    (i) ``Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater,'' 
23rd edition (2017).
    (A) SM 3120 B, ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (2017): 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method.''
    (B) [Reserved]
    (ii) ``Standard Methods Online,'' approved 1999; https://www.standardmethods.org.
    (A) SM 3120 B, ``Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy: 
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method,'' revised December 14, 2020.
    (B) [Reserved]
    (3) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, 
PA 19428-2959; telephone: (610) 832-9500; email: [email protected]; 
www.astm.org.
    (i) ASTM D1976-20, ``Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by 
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy,'' approved May 
1, 2020.
    (ii) [Reserved]

[FR Doc. 2021-27858 Filed 12-23-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P