Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0061-0273
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-06-30T04:00Z

R­
19J
Honorable
Joseph
E.
Kernan
Governor
of
Indiana
Indianapolis,
Indiana
46204­
2797
Dear
Governor
Kernan:

Fine­
particle
pollution
represents
one
of
the
most
significant
barriers
to
clean
air
facing
our
nation
today.
These
tiny
particles
 
about
1/
30th
the
diameter
of
a
human
hair
 
have
been
scientifically
linked
to
serious
human
health
problems.
Their
ability
to
be
suspended
in
air
for
long
periods
of
time
makes
them
a
public
health
threat
far
beyond
the
source
of
emissions.
An
important
part
of
our
nation's
commitment
to
clean,
healthy
air
deals
with
reducing
levels
of
this
fine­
particle
(
PM2.5)
pollution.

We
have
reviewed
your
letter
of
February
15,
2004,
and
the
letter
of
the
same
date
from
Lori
Kaplan,
Commissioner
of
the
Indiana
Department
of
Environmental
Management
(
IDEM),
submitting
Indiana's
recommendations
on
air
quality
designations
for
the
PM2.5
standard.
We
have
also
reviewed
the
technical
information
IDEM
submitted
to
support
Indiana's
recommendations
for
areas
that
differed
from
the
presumptive
boundaries.
We
appreciate
the
effort
the
State
has
made
to
develop
this
supporting
information.
Consistent
with
the
Clean
Air
Act,
this
letter
is
to
notify
you
that,
based
upon
the
information
contained
in
your
submission
and
other
available
information,
EPA
intends
to
make
modifications
to
Indiana's
recommended
designations
and
boundaries.

Your
Environmental
Commissioner
will
receive
a
copy
of
this
letter
with
a
more
detailed
enclosure
containing
a
description
of
areas
where
EPA
intends
to
modify
your
state
recommendations,
and
the
basis
for
such
modification.
Should
you
have
additional
information
that
you
wish
to
be
considered
by
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
EPA)
in
this
process,
we
request
that
you
provide
it
to
us
by
September
1.

You
will
hear
from
us
again
in
November
when
EPA
takes
the
final
step
in
the
PM2.5
designation
process
and
determines
those
areas
that
are
in
attainment
(
or
unclassifiable)
and
those
areas
that
are
nonattainment.
For
areas
in
attainment,
the
challenge
will
be
not
only
to
maintain,
but
also
to
continue
the
progress
you
have
made
toward
clean
air.
It
is
a
commitment
to
no
backsliding
2
in
your
State's
clean
air
status
for
fine
particles.
EPA
will
also
issue
a
proposed
fine
particle
implementation
rule
prior
to
final
designations,
which
will
allow
you
to
proceed
with
planning
to
achieve
clean
air.

The
Bush
Administration
is
addressing
fine
particle
pollution
with
a
comprehensive
national
clean
air
strategy.
This
strategy
includes
EPA's
recent
rule
to
reduce
pollution
from
nonroad
diesel
engines,
and
the
proposed
rule
to
reduce
pollution
from
power
plants
in
the
Eastern
United
States.
These
two
rules
are
important
components
of
EPA's
efforts
to
help
States
and
localities
meet
the
more
protective
national
fine­
particle
and
8­
hour
ozone
air
quality
standards.
Together
these
rules
will
help
all
areas
of
the
country
achieve
cleaner
air.

If
you
have
any
questions,
please
do
not
hesitate
to
contact
me.
We
look
forward
to
a
continued
dialogue
with
you
as
we
work
together
to
implement
the
PM2.5
standards.

Very
truly
yours,

Bharat
Mathur,
Acting
Regional
Administrator
Enclosure
3
cc:
Lori
Kaplan,
Commissioner
Indiana
Department
of
Environmental
Management
Christopher
Jones,
Director
Ohio
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Renee
Cipriano,
Director
Illinois
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Steven
Chester,
Director
Michigan
Department
of
Environmental
Quality
4
standard
bcc's:
official
file
copy
originator's
file
copy
originating
organization
reading
file
other
bcc's:
ORA
reading
file
Kay
Hudson
Rita
Cestaric
Naimah
Karim
Felicia
Williams
Shari
Holloway
R.
Damberg,
OAQPS
(
electronic
copy)
L.
Wallace,
OAQPS
(
electronic
copy)
Janet
McCabe,
IDEM
ARD:
APB:
CPS:
June
29,
2004
(
rau)
file:
Indiana
­
PM
2.5
Designations
1
Review
of
Designations
in
Indiana
For
the
Particulate
Matter
Air
Quality
Standard
The
following
table
identifies
the
individual
areas
and
counties
comprising
those
areas
in
Indiana
that
EPA
intends
to
designate
as
nonattainment
for
the
fine
particulate
matter
("
PM2.5")
air
quality
standard.
Following
this
table
is
1)
discussion
of
the
general
issue
of
the
size
of
nonattainment
areas,
2)
a
description
of
the
data
EPA
examined,
and
3)
a
discussion
of
each
area
and
the
basis
for
EPA's
intended
designations.
EPA
intends
to
designate
as
attainment/
unclassifiable
all
counties
or
portions
of
counties
not
identified
in
the
table
below.

Area
Indiana
Counties
in
Metropolitan
Area
Indiana
Recommended
Nonattainment
Counties
EPA's
Intended
Nonattainment
Counties
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
Lake
Porter
Lake
Lake
Porter
Cincinnati
Dearborn
Ohio
none
Dearborn­
Lawrenceburg
Township
only
Elkhart
Elkhart
Elkhart
Elkhart
Saint
Joseph
Evansville
Vanderburgh
Warrick
Posey
Vanderburgh
Dubois
Vanderburgh
Warrick
Dubois
Gibson
Pike
Spencer
Indianapolis
Boone
Hamilton
Hancock
Hendricks
Johnson
Madison
Marion
Morgan
Shelby
Marion
Hamilton
Hendricks
Johnson
Marion
Morgan
Louisville
Clark
Floyd
Harrison
Scott
Clark
Clark
Floyd
Jefferson
A.
General
Issue
of
Size
of
Nonattainment
Areas
2
Indiana's
recommendations
for
nonattainment
areas
included
only
counties
that
monitored
nonattainment
and
did
not
include
any
additional
counties
that
contributed
to
nonattainment.
Indiana's
submission
noted
several
areas
where
relatively
nearby
monitors
showed
differing
concentrations,
for
example
Lake
County
monitoring
nonattainment
and
Porter
County
monitoring
attainment.
Indiana
deduces
from
this
that
the
impacts
of
emissions
within
an
area
(
added
to
large
"
background
concentrations"
arising
from
long
range
transport)
are
very
localized.
Therefore,
Indiana
concludes,
counties
lacking
a
monitored
violation
may
be
considered
not
to
contribute
to
monitored
violations
in
other
counties.

EPA's
guidance
recommends
a
presumption
for
nonattainment
areas
that
include
entire
metropolitan
areas,
reflecting
a
presumption
that
violations
in
a
metropolitan
area
reflect
contributions
from
the
entire
area.
EPA's
guidance
states
a
recognition
that
violations
of
the
PM2.5
standard
reflect
both
regional
scale
impacts
from
contributions
originating
outside
the
metropolitan
area
and
more
local
scale
impacts.
Indeed,
the
different
components
of
PM2.5
have
different
ranges
of
impacts,
with
some
components
showing
greatest
impacts
very
close
to
the
emissions
sources,
some
components
showing
peak
impacts
at
a
moderate
distance
from
the
emissions
(
such
as
from
rapid
photochemical
reactions),
and
some
components
showing
similar
impacts
over
distance
ranges
of
hundreds
of
kilometers.
Consequently,
the
existence
of
neighboring
counties
with
somewhat
different
concentrations,
like
Lake
County
observing
design
values
as
high
as
17.7
µ
g/
m3
versus
the
Porter
County
site
having
a
design
value
of
13.8
µ
g/
m3,
does
not
signify
that
emissions
in
the
county
with
lower
concentrations
fails
to
contribute
to
the
higher
concentrations
in
the
neighboring
county.

Further
considerations
apply
to
mobile
sources.
By
definition,
these
sources
can
be
associated
with
a
residence
or
business
in
one
county
but
emit
PM2.5
and
its
precursors
in
another
county.
Some
of
the
relevant
control
measures
address
the
"
home"
of
these
vehicles.
This
consideration
supports
including
counties
that
are
the
origin
of
sizable
numbers
of
vehicles
in
the
nonattainment
area.

Indiana
has
not
provided
convincing
evidence
to
rebut
EPA's
general
presumption
or
the
underlying
view
of
the
typical
characteristics
of
the
PM2.5
problem,
nor
has
Indiana
demonstrated
that
the
presumption
does
not
apply
in
any
Indiana
areas.
Therefore,
EPA
intends
to
include
the
additional
counties
that
it
believes
contribute
to
the
observed
violations
in
the
nonattainment
areas
it
promulgates.

B.
An
Explanation
of
EPA's
9­
Factor
Analysis
3
Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

The
analysis
for
factor
1
looks
at
emissions
of
carbonaceous
particles
(
carbon),
inorganic
particles
(
crustal),
SO2,
and
NOx.
EPA
computed
a
composite
emission
score
for
each
county
by
multiplying
the
county's
emissions
as
a
fraction
of
the
metropolitan
area
emissions
for
each
of
these
pollutants
times
a
corresponding
air
quality
weighting
factor.
These
scores
for
the
metropolitan
area
counties
add
to
100.
The
air
quality
weighting
factors
for
each
area
are
given
below
and
reflect
the
percentages
of
the
total
estimated
"
urban
excess"
value
found
as
carbonaceous
particles,
miscellaneous
inorganic
particles
(
crustal
material),
ammonium
sulfate,
and
ammonium
nitrate.
Tables
presented
under
factor
1
provide
the
carbonaceous
particles,
inorganic
particles,
SO2,
and
NOx
emissions
and
the
composite
emission
scores
for
the
counties
in
the
corresponding
metropolitan
area
and
adjacent
counties.
Emissions
data
are
derived
from
the
National
Emissions
Inventory
and
are
for
2001,
given
in
tons
per
year.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
in
bold.
Emissions
data
indicate
the
potential
for
a
county
to
contribute
to
observed
violations,
often
making
the
emissions
data
the
most
important
factor
in
assessing
boundaries
of
nonattainment
areas.

"
Urban
excess"
values
are
derived
by
comparing
urban
monitored
component
concentrations
against
rural
monitored
component
concentrations.
Concentrations
of
the
four
PM2.5
components
are
obtained
from
local
data
if
available
or,
if
necessary,
from
the
nearest
available
urban
site,
and
are
compared
to
available
rural
concentrations.
The
monitoring
sites
used
for
this
purpose
are
identified
below.
Although
this
information
is
air
quality
information,
it
is
presented
under
Factor
1
due
to
its
integration
into
the
analysis
of
emissions
information.

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

The
air
quality
analysis
looks
at
the
annual
averaged
design
value
for
each
area
based
on
data
for
2001
to
2003.
Counties
without
monitors
are
not
listed.

Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

Tables
presented
under
factor
3
show
the
2002
population
for
each
metropolitan
area,
as
well
as
the
population
density
for
each
county
in
that
area.
Population
density
is
listed
in
people
per
4
square
mile.
Population
data
indicate
the
likelihood
of
population­
based
emissions
that
might
contribute
to
violations.

Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

A
county
with
numerous
commuters
is
generally
an
integral
part
of
the
area,
and
would
be
an
appropriate
part
of
the
domain
of
some
mobile
source
strategies,
thus
warranting
inclusion
in
the
nonattainment
area.
A
table
summarizes
the
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
in
2002
and
the
expected
VMT
growth
between
2002­
10
for
each
area.
Information
on
the
county
to
county
commuting
is
also
provided.

Factor
5.
Growth:

The
growth
analysis
looks
at
the
percent
growth
for
counties
in
each
metropolitan
area
from
1990
to
2000.

Factor
6.
Meteorology:

The
meteorology
analysis
looks
at
wind
data
gathered
over
a
ten
year
period
by
the
National
Weather
Service.
Tables
presented
under
factor
6
list
the
year
round
average
prevailing
wind
directions
by
quadrant
for
each
county
in
the
corresponding
metropolitan
area.
This
data
shows
that
annual
average
PM2.5
concentrations
are
influenced
by
emissions
in
any
direction
at
various
times,
but
these
data
may
also
suggest
that
emissions
in
some
directions
relative
to
the
violation
may
be
more
prone
to
contribute
than
emissions
in
other
directions.
The
meteorology
data
for
the
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
area
differs
from
this
standard
form.

Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
such
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
analysis
of
jurisdictional
boundaries
looks
at
the
planning
and
organizational
structure
of
an
area
to
determine
if
the
implementation
of
controls
in
a
potential
nonattainment
area
can
be
carried
out
in
a
cohesive
manner.

Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:
5
The
level
of
control
analysis
looks
at
what
controls
are
currently
implemented
in
each
area.

C.
9­
Factor
Analysis
for
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
Discussion
The
following
is
the
nine
factor
analysis
for
the
Indiana
portion
of
the
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
area
including
adjacent
counties
in
Indiana.
The
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
Metropolitan
Area
includes
10
counties
in
Illinois,
two
in
Indiana
and
one
in
Wisconsin.
Indiana
recommended
that
Lake
County,
which
has
a
violating
monitor,
be
designated
as
nonattainment
for
PM2.5,
and
that
Porter
County,
which
has
a
monitor
showing
attainment,
be
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.
However,
EPA
intends
to
designate
both
Lake
and
Porter
Counties
as
nonattainment.

Lake
and
Porter
Counties
both
have
high
composite
emissions
scores.
Although
Porter
County
has
a
monitor
which
shows
attainment,
its
emissions
contribute
to
over
9%
of
the
Chicago
area
composite
emissions
score
largely
as
a
result
of
significant
power
plant
coal
combustion
and
steel
mill
emissions
as
well
as
some
emissions
from
mobile
sources
and
other
sources.
The
composite
emissions
scores
from
the
adjacent
counties
are
all
modest.
La
Porte
County,
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
is
monitoring
attainment
of
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
and
is
judged
not
to
contribute
to
nonattainment
in
the
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
area.

In
addition,
Porter
has
a
moderate
population
with
over
150,000
residents
and
over
21,000
workers
travel
into
Lake
County
on
a
daily
basis,
thereby
contributing
to
Lake
County
monitored
PM
levels.
There
is
limited
commuting
from
Jasper,
La
Porte,
and
Newton
Counties
into
the
metropolitan
area.
Lake
County
experienced
very
little
growth
from
1990
to
2000.
During
this
time,
Porter
County
added
nearly
18,000
people.
Jasper
County
growth
rate
was
high,
but
even
with
the
increase
of
5,000
people,
its
population
is
still
quite
small
for
the
area.

EPA
considered
the
emissions,
population,
and
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
from
Newton,
Jasper,
and
La
Porte
Counties,
which
are
adjacent
to
Lake
and
Porter
Counties.
Based
upon
the
emissions,
populations,
and
VMT,
EPA
intends
to
designate
these
three
counties
as
attainment/
unclassified.

Other
factors
EPA
reviewed
are
meteorology,
geography,
jurisdictional
boundaries,
and
emission
controls.
The
wind
data
presented
below
shows
no
dominant
wind
direction
for
Northwest
Indiana.
There
are
no
geographical
features
in
this
area
that
would
effect
the
distribution
of
PM2.5.
Lake
and
Porter
Counties
are
both
included
in
the
Chicago
ozone
nonattainment
area.
La
6
Porte
County
is
in
a
separate
ozone
nonattainment
area.
All
three
counties
make
up
the
area's
metropolitan
planning
organization.
The
state
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
Northwest
Indiana.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Lake,
IN
50,110
72,142
5,708
7,588
19.5
Porter,
IN
21,601
41,315
2,702
5,587
9.2
Cook,
IL
61,676
195,428
10,110
8,268
33.0
De
Kalb,
IL
445
4,885
384
1,875
1.1
Du
Page,
IL
2,990
29,479
1,731
1,229
4.9
Grundy,
IL
6,149
9,589
563
1,235
2.1
Kane,
IL
1,395
9,490
1,047
2,326
2.8
Kankakee,
IL
551
6,628
490
1,720
1.4
Kendall,
IL
292
2,941
265
961
0.7
Lake,
IL
14,223
24,488
2,092
1,777
6.7
McHenry,
IL
637
5,834
564
1,992
1.6
Will,
IL
80,847
37,518
1,447
4,120
11.7
Kenosha,
WI
33,122
27,469
770
1,236
5.4
Benton
101
1,326
215
724
0.6
Jasper
34,435
23,020
668
1,838
5.2
La
Porte
10,974
19,681
826
1,643
3.3
Newton
89
1,321
160
642
0.4
Pulaski
111
1,187
196
667
0.5
Starke
100
2,852
188
551
0.5
White
188
2,495
292
1,185
0.8
Boone,
IL
849
2,188
215
834
0.6
Ford,
IL
219
1,462
216
1,280
0.6
Iroquois,
IL
458
4,177
452
2,290
1.3
La
Salle,
IL
2,140
13,984
845
3,352
2.5
Lee,
IL
3,978
4,793
345
1,722
1.3
Livingston,
IL
503
4,686
485
2,413
1.3
7
Ogle,
IL
672
4,985
335
1,536
1.1
Winnebago,
IL
1,100
10,496
656
1,405
1.9
Racine,
WI
2,309
7,252
662
890
1.9
Walworth,
WI
866
5,693
470
908
1.3
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Speciation
profile
for
Chicago:
25%
Sulfates,
8%
Nitrates,
65%
Carbon,
and
2%
Crustal
derived
by
comparing
data
from
site
number
170310076
in
Chicago
against
data
from
the
Bondville
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Lake,
IN
17.7
µ
g/
m3
Porter,
IN
13.8
µ
g/
m3
Cook,
IL
17.3
µ
g/
m3
Du
Page,
IL
14.4
µ
g/
m3
Kane,
IL
14.2
µ
g/
m3
Lake,
IL
12.8
µ
g/
m3
McHenry,
IL
12.7
µ
g/
m3
Will,
IL
14.7
µ
g/
m3
Kenosha,
WI
11.7
µ
g/
m3
La
Porte,
IN
13.6
µ
g/
m3
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Jasper
and
Newton
Counties
do
not
have
monitors.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Lake,
IN
487,016
980
Porter,
IN
150,403
360
Cook,
IL
5,377,507
5684
De
Kalb,
IL
91,561
144
8
Du
Page,
IL
924,589
2768
Grundy,
IL
38,839
92
Kane,
IL
443,041
850
Kankakee,
IL
104,657
154
Kendall,
IL
61,222
191
Lake,
IL
674,850
1506
Mc
Henry,
IL
277,710
460
Will,
IL
559,861
669
Kenosha,
WI
154,433
566
Jasper
30,815
55
La
Porte
110,384
185
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Lake,
IN
5,012,000
1,235,000
25
%

Porter,
IN
1,680,000
38,000
14
%

Cook,
IL
44,107,000
12,254,000
28
%
De
Kalb,
IL
729,000
­
176,000
­
24
%
Du
Page,
IL
6,609,000
1,971,000
30
%
Grundy,
IL
530,000
­
175,000
­
33
%
Kane,
IL
841,000
309,000
37
%
Kankakee,
IL
889,000
281,000
32
%
Kendall,
IL
278,000
34,000
12
%
Lake,
IL
3,549,000
1,479,000
42
%
Mc
Henry,
IL
792,000
234,000
29
%
Will,
IL
2,136,000
240,000
11
%

Kenosha,
WI
1,228,000
318,000
26
%

Jasper,
IN
722,000
­
261,000
­
36
%

La
Porte,
IN
1,536,000
­
343,000
­
22
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Commuting
Information:

Porter
Jasper
La
Porte
Illinois
Into
Lake
County
21,654
2,817
1,783
11,672
From
Lake
County
5,066
270
1,200
34,263
9
Jasper
La
Porte
Illinois
Into
Porter
County
988
4,238
524
From
Porter
County
363
3,390
5,273
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Population
Change
Lake
2
%

Porter
14
%

Cook,
IL
­
2
%
De
Kalb,
IL
5
%
Du
Page,
IL
1
%
Grundy,
IL
2
%
Kane,
IL
4
%
Kankakee,
IL
7
%
Kendall,
IL
­
8
%
Lake,
IL
­
1
%
Mc
Henry,
IL
8
%
Will,
IL
9
%

Kenosha,
WI
­
1
%

Jasper
20
%

La
Porte
3
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Lake
County,
Indiana:
25%
NW,
38%
SW,
17%
SE,
19%
NE;
Porter
County:
25%
NW,
38%
SW,
18%
SE,
19%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
10
Lake
and
Porter
Counties
are
both
designated
as
nonattainment
in
the
Chicago
ozone
nonattainment
area.
La
Porte
County
is
also
designated
as
ozone
nonattainment
in
its
own
area.

Northwestern
Indiana
Regional
Planning
Commission
is
the
MPO
for
Lake
(
Indiana),
La
Porte,
and
Porter
Counties.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
Northwest
Indiana.

D.
9­
Factor
Analysis
for
the
Cincinnati
Area
Discussion
The
Cincinnati
Metropolitan
Area
includes
five
Ohio
counties,
six
Kentucky
counties,
and
two
Indiana
counties:
Dearborn
and
Ohio.
Indiana
did
not
recommend
either
of
their
counties
for
nonattainment
in
the
Cincinnati
area.
After
considering
all
nine
factors
for
both
counties,
EPA
intends
to
designate
Lawrenceburg
Township
in
Dearborn
County
as
nonattainment.
All
other
Dearborn
County
townships
would
be
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.

Data
was
available
for
full
counties
only.
Therefore,
data
is
presented
for
all
of
Dearborn
County.
The
county's
main
emissions
sources
are
found
in
Lawrenceburg
Township.

Dearborn
County
has
significant
emissions
yielding
a
composite
emissions
score
of
11.4.
This
score
ranks
third
in
the
three
State,
13
county
metropolitan
area.
The
wind,
with
a
westerly
component
63%
of
the
time,
commonly
transports
Dearborn
County
emissions
east
into
the
rest
of
the
Cincinnati
area.

Considering
its
modest
population,
a
significant
number
of
Dearborn
County
workers
commute
into
the
Ohio
and
Kentucky
portions
of
the
area.
This
shows
that
it
is
an
integral
part
of
the
area.
Dearborn
County's
Lawrenceburg
Township
is
also
included
as
a
partial
county
in
the
Cincinnati
ozone
nonattainment
area.
The
county
is
in
Cincinnati's
metropolitan
planning
organization
as
well.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
the
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
display
these
counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
11
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Dearborn,
IN
56,773
31,138
900
2,121
11.4
Ohio,
IN
113
682
49
89
0.5
Boone,
KY
14,717
15,794
721
1,068
7.7
Campbell,
KY
860
5,294
285
260
2.8
Gallatin,
KY
350
2,365
100
234
1.0
Grant,
KY
210
2,664
182
191
1.8
Kenton,
KY
1,573
8,365
415
301
4.2
Pendleton,
KY
597
3,396
139
207
1.5
Brown,
OH
395
2,927
208
520
2.0
Butler,
OH
13,204
19,735
956
1,752
9.9
Clermont,
OH
84,599
45,618
1,693
3,916
20.0
Hamilton,
OH
88,053
58,398
2,780
3,873
30.3
Warren,
OH
895
7,565
743
1,063
6.9
Decatur
154
2,525
190
717
1.8
Fayette
150
1,426
156
392
1.4
Franklin
92
1,335
143
341
1.3
Ripley
140
2,081
221
507
2.0
Rush
140
1,274
177
814
1.6
Switzerland
251
1,554
101
145
1.0
Union
58
548
68
272
0.6
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.

Speciation
profile
for
Cincinnati:
7%
Sulfates,
15%
Nitrates,
78%
Carbon,
0%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
number
211170007
against
data
from
the
Livonia
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
There
are
no
PM2.5
monitors
in
the
Indiana
portion
of
the
Cincinnati
area.
The
design
value
for
the
metropolitan
area
is
17.8
µ
g/
m3
from
Hamilton
County,
Ohio.
The
following
are
design
values
for
Cincinnati
area
counties
in
Ohio
and
Kentucky
with
monitors.

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Butler,
OH
16.2
µ
g/
m3
12
Hamilton,
OH
17.8
µ
g/
m3
Campbell,
KY
14.5
µ
g/
m3
Kenton,
KY
15.0
µ
g/
m3
Preble,
OH
13.5
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Dearborn,
IN
47,333
155
Ohio,
IN
5,804
67
Boone,
KY
93,290
379
Campbell,
KY
88,604
583
Gallatin,
KY
7,836
79
Grant,
KY
23,620
91
Kenton,
KY
152,164
934
Pendleton,
KY
14,815
53
Brown,
OH
43,464
88
Butler,
OH
340,543
729
Clermont,
OH
183,352
406
Hamilton,
OH
833,721
2048
Warren,
OH
175,133
438
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Dearborn
607,000
­
55,000
­
9
%

Ohio
56,000
64,000
114
%

Commuting
Information:

Ohio
Ripley
Hamilton,
OH
Butler,
OH
Boone,
KY
Kenton,
KY
Into
Dearborn
906
1,082
1,335
163
350
244
From
Dearborn
311
1,095
7,672
750
1,466
459
13
Hamilton,
OH
Boone,
KY
Switzerland
Into
Ohio
County
87
25
393
From
Ohio
County
463
135
74
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Population
Change
Dearborn
19%

Ohio
6%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Dearborn
County,
Indiana:
23%
NW,
40%
SW,
18%
SE,
19%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Lawrenceburg
Township
in
Dearborn
County
is
designated
nonattainment
for
ozone
as
part
of
the
Cincinnati
ozone
nonattainment
area.
The
rest
of
this
county
and
Ohio
County
are
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified
for
ozone.

The
Ohio­
Kentucky­
Indiana
Regional
Council
of
Governments
(
OKI)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Butler,
Warren,
Clermont,
and
Hamilton
Counties
in
Ohio;
Campbell,
Kenton,
and
Boone
Counties
in
Kentucky;
and
Dearborn
County,
Indiana.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
this
area.
14
E.
9­
Factor
Analysis
for
Elkhart
Discussion
The
Elkhart,
Indiana
Metropolitan
Area
consists
solely
of
Elkhart
County,
which
has
a
violating
monitor.
As
a
result
of
the
violating
monitor,
Indiana
recommended
that
it
be
designated
as
nonattainment.
EPA
also
considered
the
impact
of
the
surrounding
seven
counties.
These
counties
in
Indiana
include
Saint
Joseph,
Kosciusko,
Marshall,
Noble,
Lagrange
Counties
(
which
Indiana
recommended
be
designated
as
attainment
for
PM2.5)
and
in
Michigan
include
Saint
Joseph
and
Cass
Counties.
Of
the
surrounding
counties,
EPA
intends
to
designate
Saint
Joseph
County,
Indiana,
as
nonattainment
and
the
remaining
six
counties
as
attainment/
unclassified.

Over
half
of
the
composite
emissions
score
for
the
eight
counties
is
from
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
(
IN)
Counties.
In
fact,
Saint
Joseph
County
has
the
highest
emissions
score
with
emissions
comparable
to
Elkhart
County.
In
addition,
Saint
Joseph
County
has
a
large
population
with
Elkhart
County's
population
being
slightly
less.
The
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
was
significant
in
both
counties.
There
are
a
large
number
of
Elkhart
County
workers
commuting
from
Saint
Joseph
County.
Although
Saint
Joseph
County
has
a
monitor
showing
attainment,
the
particulate
matter
emissions
from
Saint
Joseph
County
would
reasonably
be
expected
to
contribute
to
concentrations
in
Elkhart
County.
This
is
because
Saint
Joseph
County
is
directly
west
of
Elkhart
County
and
the
winds
are
from
the
northwest
or
southwest
64%
of
the
time.
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
Counties
are
designated
as
a
single
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
standard.
Also,
both
counties
are
in
the
same
metropolitan
planning
organization,
the
Michiana
Area
Council
of
Government.
EPA
intends
to
designate
the
remaining
six
counties
as
attainment/
unclassified
because
they
have
much
lower
emissions,
population,
and
VMT
than
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
Counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Elkhart
1,409
12,549
1,828
2,228
100.0
Kosciusko
428
5,387
679
1,682
36.5
Lagrange
809
3,259
326
755
28.8
15
Marshall
463
3,569
621
1,322
33.6
Noble
390
3,740
457
1,302
26.6
Saint
Joseph
2,850
13,690
1,482
1,825
114.1
Cass,
MI
325
2,080
263
814
17.1
St
Joseph,
MI
744
4,212
427
1,775
32.5
Speciation
profile
for
Elkhart:
25%
Sulfates,
8%
Nitrates,
65%
Carbon,
and
2%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
170310076
(
in
Chicago)
against
data
from
the
Bondville
monitor.
Adequate
speciation
data
were
not
available
from
Elkhart.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Elkhart
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Saint
Joseph
14.3
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Elkhart
186,465
402
Saint
Joseph
267,120
585
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Elkhart
2,087,000
615,000
29
%

Saint
Joseph
2,304,000
1,037,000
45
%

Commuting
Information:
29,756
people
commuted
into
Elkhart
County
in
2002.
107,500
people
lived
and
worked
in
Elkhart
County
in
2002.
16
Saint
Joseph
Into
Elkhart
County
10,850
From
Elkhart
County
3,722
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Elkhart
17
%

Saint
Joseph
7
%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Elkhart
County:
25%
NW,
39%
SW,
19%
SE,
16%
NE;
Saint
Joseph
County:
25%
NW,
39%
SW,
20%
SE,
16%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
counties
are
designated
as
a
joint
nonattainment
area
for
the
ozone
air
quality
standard.

The
Michiana
Area
Council
of
Government
is
the
MPO
for
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
Counties.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
the
Elkhart
area.

F.
9­
Factor
Analysis
for
Evansville
17
Discussion
The
Evansville
Metropolitan
Area
includes
Warrick,
Posey
and
Vanderburgh
Counties
in
Indiana
and
Henderson
County
in
Kentucky.
In
addition,
numerous
adjacent
counties
were
considered,
particularly
the
Counties
of
Gibson,
Pike,
Dubois
and
Spencer.
Both
Vanderburgh
and
Dubois
Counties
have
violating
monitors
and
were
recommended
by
Indiana
to
be
designated
as
nonattainment
for
the
PM2.5
standard.
EPA
also
intends
to
designate
Gibson,
Pike,
Spencer,
and
Warrick
Counties
as
nonattainment.

Gibson,
Spencer,
Pike,
and
Warrick
Counties
have
the
highest
emission
levels
in
the
Evansville
area.
Emissions
of
both
direct
PM2.5
and
precursors
are
high
for
these
counties,
resulting
in
their
high
composite
emission
scores.
Dubois
and
Vanderburgh
Counties
have
design
values
exceeding
the
PM2.5
standard
of
15.0
µ
g/
m3,
despite
their
more
modest
emissions.
Spencer
County,
Indiana,
and
Daviess
County,
Kentucky
are
monitoring
below
the
standard
while
the
rest
of
the
Evansville
area
and
adjacent
counties
have
no
monitors.

Vanderburgh
County
is
home
to
a
majority
of
the
Evansville
area
population.
Commuting
patterns
show
a
connection
between
Vanderburgh
County
and
Gibson,
Posey,
and
Warrick
Counties.
Dubois
County
receives
a
significant
number
of
commuters
from
Pike
and
Spencer
Counties.
Population
growth
was
modest
for
all
counties
being
considered.

Gibson
and
Pike
Counties
are
located
north
of
Vanderburgh
County
and
west
of
Dubois
County.
Spencer
and
Warrick
Counties
are
east
of
Vanderburgh
County
and
south
of
Dubois
County.
The
meteorological
data
presented
under
Factor
6
indicates
no
prevailing
wind
direction.
The
location
of
the
area
counties
and
the
varied
wind
directions
mean
that
Vanderburgh
County
or
Dubois
County
will
commonly
be
downwind
from
at
least
some
of
the
high
emissions
counties.

EPA
believes
that
the
high
emissions
in
several
counties
in
the
area
are
a
common
factor
in
the
violations
recorded
in
both
Vanderburgh
and
Dubois
Counties.
Therefore,
EPA
intends
to
designate
these
two
violating
counties
and
the
other
four
counties
that
contribute
to
these
violations
as
a
single
nonattainment
area,
to
be
identified
as
the
Evansville
nonattainment
area.

Gibson,
Pike,
and
Spencer
Counties
are
adjacent
to
the
Evansville
Metropolitan
Area
and
contain
power
plants
with
significant
emissions
that
contribute
to
the
violations
in
the
Evansville/
Dubois
County
area.
We
have
included
such
counties
in
our
initial
recommendations
in
order
to
ensure
that
a
sufficient
18
portion
of
these
counties,
including
such
large
facilities,
is
included
within
the
boundaries
of
the
nonattainment
area
as
part
of
the
final
designations.
You
may
wish
to
recommend
an
alternative
Evansville
nonattainment
area
that
includes
these
emissions
but
includes
only
a
portion
of
these
counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Posey
18,715
14,866
595
1,308
19.5
Vanderburgh
1,421
9,538
1,550
1,337
17.5
Warrick
102,206
28,647
1,655
4,940
52.3
Henderson,
KY
6,308
8,075
418
971
10.7
Crawford
536
3,842
161
137
4.3
Daviess
328
1,542
179
621
24.2
Dubois
1,694
5,665
1,037
995
11.3
Gibson
148,808
46,937
1,767
6,093
76.3
Martin
110
797
193
252
1.9
Perry
789
3,102
195
257
4.0
Pike
63,626
28,567
745
2,209
39.4
Spencer
57,983
38,521
1,107
3,124
49.5
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Speciation
profile
for
Evansville:
20%
Sulfates,
51%
Nitrates,
23%
Carbon,
and
6%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
number
210590014
(
in
Owensboro)
against
data
from
the
Mammoth
Cave
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Vanderburgh
15.5
µ
g/
m3
Henderson,
KY
14.0
µ
g/
m3
Dubois
16.2
µ
g/
m3
19
Spencer
14.4
µ
g/
m3
Daviess,
KY
14.9
µ
g/
m3
There
are
no
monitors
in
Gibson,
Pike,
Posey,
or
Warrick
Counties.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Posey
26,990
66
Vanderburgh
171,744
731
Warrick
53,624
140
Henderson,
KY
44,995
102
Dubois
40,015
93
Gibson
32,590
67
Pike
12,908
38
Spencer
20,353
51
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Posey
508,000
­
63,000
­
12
%

Vanderburgh
1,732,000
552,000
32
%

Warrick
828,000
­
166,000
­
20
%

Henderson,
KY
510,000
271,000
53
%

Dubois
479,000
39,000
8
%

Gibson
429,000
70,000
17
%

Pike
178,000
104,000
58
%

Spencer
392,000
47,000
12
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.
20
Commuting
Information:
29,553
people
commuted
into
Vanderburgh
County
in
2002.
104,660
people
lived
and
worked
in
Vanderburgh
County
in
2002.

Warrick
Posey
Gibson
Spencer
Pike
Dubois
Into
Vanderburgh
14,522
5,484
3,509
1,056
393
178
From
Vanderburgh
1,891
1,355
1,696
103
39
84
8,101
people
commuted
into
Dubois
County
in
2002.
26,873
people
lived
and
worked
in
Dubois
County
in
2002.

Spencer
Pike
Gibson
Warrick
Into
Dubois
1,494
1,653
236
293
From
Dubois
393
124
173
48
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Posey
4
%

Vanderburgh
4
%

Warrick
17
%

Henderson,
KY
4
%

Dubois
8
%

Gibson
2
%

Pike
3
%

Spencer
5
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Vanderburgh
County:
30%
NW,
30%
SW,
21%
SE,
19%
NE;
Dubois
County:
27%
NW,
30%
SW,
22%
SE,
20%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
21
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Vanderburgh
and
Warrick
Counties
are
designated
as
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
NAAQS.
All
other
area
counties
are
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.

The
MPO
for
Vanderburgh
and
Warrick
Counties
is
the
Evansville
Urban
Transportation
Study.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
this
area.

G.
9­
Factor
Analysis
for
Indianapolis
Discussion
The
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Area
includes
nine
Indiana
counties:
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Madison,
Marion,
Morgan,
and
Shelby.
Indiana
recommended
designating
Marion
County
as
nonattainment
of
the
PM2.5
standard.

The
monitors
in
Marion
County
are
showing
a
violation
of
the
standard.
Madison
County's
monitor
indicates
concentrations
below
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
of
15.0
µ
g/
m3.
No
other
area
counties
have
monitored
air
quality
data.
The
Indianapolis
area
has
one
central
county,
Marion
County,
ringed
by
the
other
eight
counties.
The
eight
outlying
counties
are
all
a
similar
distance
from
the
central
county
with
no
intermediate
counties.
This
configuration
allows
the
EPA
to
consider
a
combination
of
emissions
and
wind
data
to
estimate
each
county's
potential
contributions
to
violation
of
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
in
Marion
County.
A
description
of
the
methods
for
assessing
this
information
is
given
along
with
the
Indianapolis
area
emissions
data
below.
EPA
believes
that
this
approach
provides
a
fine
tuned
comparison
of
the
potential
of
each
of
the
counties
surrounding
Marion
County
to
contribute
to
the
violations
recorded
in
Marion
County.
22
Marion
County
contributes
about
50
percent
of
the
emissions
of
the
metropolitan
area
(
on
a
composite
emissions
basis).
Consistent
with
its
intended
designations
elsewhere,
EPA
believes
that
this
indicates
that
more
than
just
Marion
County
contributes
to
the
violations,
and
that
the
planning
area
for
evaluating
strategies
must
include
a
greater
fraction
of
emissions
in
the
area.

The
wind­
weighted
emissions
information
suggest
that
Hamilton,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Madison,
Morgan
and
Shelby
Counties
have
significant
potential
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Marion
County.
Conversely,
this
information
suggests
that
Boone
and
Hancock
have
somewhat
limited
potential
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Marion
County.

EPA
further
examined
the
proximity
of
the
emissions
in
the
surrounding
to
the
violations
in
Marion
County
and
commuting
and
growth
information.
None
of
the
Indianapolis
urbanized
area
as
defined
by
the
U.
S.
Census
Bureau
is
in
Madison
or
Shelby
Counties.
As
a
result,
Madison
and
Shelby
Counties
have
less
growth
and
less
commuting
into
Marion
County
than
other
counties
that
are
more
integrally
part
of
the
Indianapolis
area.
Much
of
the
population
and
emissions
in
Madison
and
Shelby
Counties
are
in
Anderson
and
Shelbyville,
respectively.
Thus,
these
emissions
are
at
a
greater
distance
from
the
violations
in
Marion
County
than
the
other
counties,
for
which
population
and
emissions
tend
to
be
concentrated
at
the
edge
of
Marion
County.

For
these
reasons,
EPA
believes
that
Hamilton,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Marion,
and
Morgan
Counties
contribute
to
the
violations
in
Marion
County
and
should
be
designated
nonattainment.
For
these
reasons,
EPA
believes
that
Boone,
Hancock,
Madison,
and
Shelby
Counties
do
not
contribute
and
should
be
designated
attainment/
unclassified.
EPA
also
concluded
that
none
of
the
numerous
counties
that
are
outside
but
adjacent
to
the
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Area
should
be
considered
to
contribute
to
the
violations
in
Marion
County.

Factor
1:
Emissions
Given
the
unique
geography
of
the
Indianapolis
area,
EPA
calculated
a
wind­
weighted
emissions
score
as
well
as
a
composite
emissions
score
for
the
Indianapolis
area.
The
wind
data
used
in
calculating
the
wind­
weighted
score
reflect
the
frequency
of
winds
in
the
Indianapolis
area
from
each
of
16
directions.
This
data
is
provided
under
factor
6
below.

The
wind­
weighted
score
is
calculated
as
follows:
for
each
of
the
eight
counties
surrounding
Marion
County,
EPA
identified
the
23
direction
for
which
the
winds
would
blow
most
directly
over
Marion
County,
and
tabulated
the
sum
of
the
frequency
of
winds
for
that
direction
and
the
two
adjacent
directions
among
the
set
of
16
directions.
This
frequency
of
being
upwind
was
multiplied
times
the
composite
score
to
obtain
a
preliminary
wind­
weighted
composite
emissions
score.
These
eight
preliminary
scores
added
up
to
8.7.
For
Marion
County,
EPA
retained
the
unweighted
composite
emissions
score
of
50.6.
EPA
then
normalized
the
scores
of
the
surrounding
scores
to
add
up
to
49.4.
Each
county
score
was
multiplied
by
,
yielding
the
wind­
weighted
49
4
8
7
.
.

emissions
score.
The
total
of
the
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores
for
all
9
counties
is
100.

The
EPA
derived
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores
reflect
the
variability
of
frequency
of
winds
from
different
directions.
This
process
seeks
to
assess
more
precisely
the
relative
potential
impacts
of
the
counties
in
the
Indianapolis
area.
The
following
table
has
the
SO2,
NOx,
carbon,
and
crustal
emissions,
the
composite
emissions
scores,
along
with
the
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores
for
the
nine
counties
in
the
Indianapolis
area.
Emissions
data
and
composite
emissions
scores
are
also
provided
for
counties
adjacent
to
the
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Area.
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.

County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Wind­
weighted
emissions
score
Boone
224
3,468
297
988
3.1
3.1
Hamilton
5,215
9,251
730
1,635
8.0
6.2
Hancock
338
3,936
395
1,022
3.8
2.8
Hendricks
773
5,802
593
1,596
5.7
6.8
Johnson
338
5,165
416
918
4.4
5.0
Madison
934
8,106
884
1,548
8.3
6.0
Marion
49,549
52,848
4,891
4,429
50.6
50.6
Morgan
17,343
8,303
554
1,362
7.0
11.3
Shelby
329
6,212
1,141
1,277
9.1
8.2
Bartholomew
520
5,309
659
1,382
5.9
 
Brown
46
828
132
131
1.1
 
Clay
243
2,057
209
641
2.0
 
Clinton
411
2,614
246
1,061
2.5
 
24
Decatur
154
2,525
190
717
2.1
 
Delaware
1,548
6,353
593
1,019
5.9
 
Fayette
150
1,426
156
392
1.5
 
Fountain
167
2,109
395
1,311
3.1
 
Grant
1,280
5,341
381
1,135
4.3
 
Henry
291
3,919
707
1,243
5.7
 
Jackson
260
3,427
341
533
3.3
 
Jefferson
39,599
33,990
549
1,368
11.2
 
Jennings
233
1,589
208
408
1.8
 
Monroe
2,168
4,852
545
647
5.1
 
Montgomery
1,072
4,099
691
1,213
5.7
 
Owen
100
1,052
118
273
1.1
 
Parke
125
3,140
389
571
3.5
 
Putnam
2,643
6,116
230
548
3.7
 
Randolf
494
2,731
232
968
2.4
 
Ripley
140
2,081
221
507
2.1
 
Rush
140
1,274
177
814
1.5
 
Scott
100
1,515
151
236
1.5
 
Tippecanoe
11,434
9,922
1,632
2,345
13.8
 
Tipton
81
1,040
158
730
1.3
 
Wayne
13,919
5,951
589
1,498
6.2
 
Speciation
profile
for
Indianapolis:
3%
Sulfates,
38%
Nitrates,
59%
Carbon,
and
0%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
180970078
against
data
from
the
Livonia
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Madison
14.6
µ
g/
m3
Marion
16.7
µ
g/
m3
25
There
are
no
monitors
in
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Morgan,
and
Shelby
Counties.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Boone
48,277
114
Hamilton
205,610
517
Hancock
58,343
191
Hendricks
114,301
280
Johnson
121,604
380
Madison
132,068
292
Marion
863,429
2,180
Morgan
67,791
167
Shelby
43,674
106
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Boone
752,000
­
160,000
­
21
%

Hamilton
1,807,000
­
81,000
­
5
%

Hancock
732,000
­
2,000
0
%

Hendricks
1,240,000
6,000
0
%

Johnson
1,368,000
­
8,000
­
1
%

Madison
1,601,000
457,000
29
%

Marion
9,983,000
3,260,000
33
%

Morgan
913,000
17,000
2
%

Shelby
641,000
­
30,000
­
5
%

Commuting
Information:
189,804
people
commuted
into
Marion
County
in
2002.
489,449
people
lived
and
worked
in
Marion
County
in
2002.
26
Into
Marion
From
Marion
Boone
9,905
990
Hamilton
46,440
10,958
Hancock
15,700
1,487
Hendricks
33,009
4,602
Johnson
29,458
4,917
Madison
6,603
755
Morgan
15,749
807
Shelby
5,664
663
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Boone
21
%

Hamilton
68
%

Hancock
22
%

Hendricks
37
%

Johnson
31
%

Madison
2
%

Marion
8
%

Morgan
19
%

Shelby
8
%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Indianapolis
Airport
wind
data
for
1984
to
1992
(
9
year
average,
all
seasons):

N
5.07
%

NNE
4.11
%

NE
4.35
%

ENE
4.31
%
27
E
3.76
%

ESE
4.96
%

SE
5.95
%

SSE
4.94
%

S
7.22
%

SSW
7.76
%

SW
11.38
%

WSW
9.20
%

W
5.82
%

WNW
6.13
%

NW
6.27
%

NNW
5.43
%

Calm
3.34
%

Wind
directions
for
each
county
used
in
computing
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores:

County
Wind
Directions
Boone
NNW
NW
WNW
Hamilton
N
NNE
NE
Hancock
ENE
E
ESE
Hendricks
WSW
W
WNW
Johnson
SSE
S
SSW
Madison
NNE
NE
ENE
Morgan
SSW
SW
WSW
Shelby
ESE
SE
SSE
Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.
28
Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Madison,
Marion,
Morgan,
and
Shelby
Counties
are
all
designated
as
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
air
quality
standard.

The
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
serves
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Marion,
Morgan,
and
Shelby
Counties.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
the
Indianapolis
area.

H.
9­
Factor
Analysis
for
the
Louisville
Area
Discussion
The
Louisville
Metropolitan
Area
includes
three
Kentucky
counties
and
Clark,
Floyd,
Harrison,
and
Scott
Counties
in
Indiana.
Several
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
were
evaluated,
especially
Jefferson
County,
Indiana.
Indiana
recommended
designating
Clark
County
as
nonattainment
of
the
PM2.5
standard.
EPA
intends
to
designate
Clark,
Floyd,
and
Jefferson
Counties
as
nonattainment.

The
monitor
in
Clark
County
is
showing
a
violation
of
the
standard.
Floyd
County's
monitor
is
just
below
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
of
15
µ
g/
m3.
The
emissions
from
both
Floyd
and
Clark
Counties
are
significant,
with
Floyd
County's
emissions
being
greater.
Jefferson
County,
Indiana
also
has
a
substantial
level
of
emissions.
There
are
relatively
low
emissions
from
Harrison
and
Scott
Counties.

The
population
in
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
dominates
the
Indiana
population
in
the
area.
All
metropolitan
area
counties
had
a
similar
growth
rate.
There
is
significant
commuting
between
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
and
from
both
counties
into
the
Kentucky
portion
of
the
Louisville
area.
Commuting
from
Harrison
and
Scott
Counties
to
the
rest
of
the
metropolitan
area
is
modest.
There
is
very
limited
commuting
from
Jefferson
County,
Indiana.

Meteorological
data
shows
the
wind
is
from
the
northeast
about
21%
of
the
time.
Jefferson
County,
Indiana
is
located
northeast
of
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties.
EPA
believes
that
winds
blow
29
sufficiently
frequent
from
the
northeast
and
emissions
from
Jefferson
County,
Indiana,
are
sufficient
that
Jefferson
County
should
be
considered
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Louisville.
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
are
included
in
the
Louisville
area
ozone
designations
and
with
its
metropolitan
planning
organization.
The
state
has
not
provided
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
the
Indiana
portion
of
the
Louisville
area.

Jefferson
County
is
adjacent
to
the
Louisville
Metropolitan
Area
and
contains
a
power
plant
with
significant
emissions
that
contribute
to
the
violations
in
the
Louisville
Metropolitan
Area.
We
have
included
such
counties
in
our
initial
recommendations
in
order
to
ensure
that
a
sufficient
portion
of
these
counties,
including
such
large
facilities,
is
included
within
the
boundaries
of
the
nonattainment
area
as
part
of
the
final
designations.
You
may
wish
to
recommend
an
alternative
Louisville
nonattainment
area
that
includes
these
emissions
but
includes
only
a
portion
of
these
counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Clark
484
4,960
725
773
12.2
Floyd
47,796
10,282
954
2,301
16.4
Harrison
419
3,677
305
466
5.3
Scott
100
1,515
151
236
2.6
Bullitt,
KY
343
3,463
433
379
7.3
Jefferson,
KY
62,526
81,398
2,817
3,816
51.5
Oldham,
KY
529
3,707
271
475
4.7
Crawford
536
3,842
161
137
2.9
Jefferson
39,599
33,990
549
1,368
11.2
Jennings
233
1,589
208
408
3.5
Lawrence
4,330
5,707
376
909
6.5
Orange
86
2,017
171
286
2.9
Perry
789
3,102
195
257
3.4
Washington
136
1,452
380
119
3.1
30
Anderson,
KY
443
1,535
144
180
2.5
Breckinridge,
KY
321
2,592
260
288
4.4
Carroll,
KY
53,086
26,269
821
2,177
15.2
Franklin,
KY
601
3,059
217
273
3.8
Grayson,
KY
412
1,532
235
341
4
Green,
KY
104
507
103
151
1.7
Hardin,
KY
1,774
7,695
524
644
2.1
Hart,
KY
162
1,839
188
193
3.2
Henry,
KY
156
1,465
125
288
1.8
Larue,
KY
186
768
108
180
4.0
Marion,
KY
143
801
147
225
2.5
Meade,
KY
661
4,551
227
439
5.0
Nelson,
KY
497
2,134
296
463
4.0
Owen,
KY
57
572
126
105
2.1
Shelby,
KY
397
2,906
231
446
1.7
Spencer,
KY
31
393
102
174
4.6
Taylor,
KY
632
3,642
172
221
3.1
Trimble,
KY
7,998
8,458
249
506
2.9
Washington,
KY
115
618
110
157
1.8
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
in
bold.

Speciation
profile
for
Louisville:
0%
Sulfates,
7%
Nitrates,
93%
Carbon,
and
0%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
number
211110043
(
in
Louisville)
against
data
from
the
Livonia
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Clark
16.2
µ
g/
m3
Floyd
14.9
µ
g/
m3
Bullitt,
KY
15.0
µ
g/
m3
31
Jefferson,
KY
16.9
µ
g/
m3
There
are
no
monitors
in
Harrison,
Scott,
and
Jefferson
Counties
in
Indiana.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Clark
98,198
262
Floyd
71,633
484
Harrison
35,244
73
Scott
23,334
123
Bullitt
63,800
213
Jefferson
698,080
1813
Oldham
49,310
261
Jefferson
32,113
89
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Clark
1,262,000
144,000
11
%

Floyd
843,000
292,000
35
%

Harrison
528,000
79,000
15
%

Scott
364,000
­
89,000
­
25
%

Bullitt,
KY
849,000
­
178,000
­
21
%

Jefferson,
KY
7,149,000
4,398,000
62
%

Oldham,
KY
507,000
2,000
0
%

Jefferson
331,000
26,000
8
%

Commuting
Information:

Floyd
Harrison
Scott
Jefferson,
IN
Kentucky
Into
Clark
County
5,224
1,376
866
198
780
32
From
Clark
County
4,591
530
316
775
16,582
Harrison
Scott
Jefferson,
IN
Kentucky
Into
Floyd
County
2,073
223
39
466
From
Floyd
County
921
66
492
12,647
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Clark,
IN
10%

Floyd,
IN
10%

Harrison,
IN
15%

Scott,
IN
9%

Bullitt,
KY
29%

Jefferson,
KY
4%

Oldham,
KY
39%

Jefferson,
IN
6%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Clark
County,
Indiana:
22%
NW,
33%
SW,
24%
SE,
21%
NE;
Floyd
County,
Indiana:
22%
NW,
32%
SW,
25%
SE,
21%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
States
of
Indiana
and
Kentucky
have
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
are
designated
as
nonattainment
in
the
Louisville
ozone
nonattainment
area.
Harrison,
Scott,
and
33
Jefferson
Counties
in
Indiana
are
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.

The
Kentuckiana
Regional
Planning
and
Development
Agency
serves
as
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
in
Indiana.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
this
area.

I.
Analysis
for
the
Muncie
Area
Discussion
The
Muncie
area
consists
of
Delaware
County,
Indiana.
EPA
intends
to
designate
Delaware
County
as
unclassifiable
for
the
PM2.5
standard.
This
represents
a
modification
of
the
State's
recommendation
that
this
county
be
designated
attainment/
unclassifiable.

Data
must
be
collected
for
at
least
75%
of
the
scheduled
days
in
a
calendar
quarter
to
meet
the
completeness
criteria
for
showing
attainment.

Muncie
has
a
single
PM2.5
monitor
which
is
scheduled
to
sample
on
every
third
day.
In
the
first
quarters
of
2001
and
2003,
this
monitor
recorded
less
than
75
percent
of
the
scheduled
values
but
more
than
11
samples.
EPA
policy
states
that
this
quantity
of
data
is
insufficient
to
label
an
area
as
attainment,
insofar
as
the
data
are
considered
complete.
On
the
other
hand,
EPA
policy
states
that
this
quantity
of
data
is
sufficient
to
label
an
area
nonattainment,
with
the
data
being
considered
complete
in
this
case.
The
following
are
the
3­
year
average
values
recorded
at
this
site.

County
2000­
02
Design
Value
2001­
03
Design
Value
Delaware
15.1
µ
g/
m3
14.3
µ
g/
m3
The
annual
PM2.5
standard
is
15.0
µ
g/
m3.

Under
EPA
policy,
the
data
for
2000
to
2002
are
considered
complete,
and
the
data
for
2001
to
2003
are
considered
incomplete.
On
the
other
hand,
the
most
recent
data
suggest
that
the
area
is
attaining
the
standard.
Therefore,
EPA
concludes
34
that
it
cannot
currently
judge
the
most
appropriate
designation
for
this
area.
EPA
intends
to
promulgate
either
a
nonattainment
or
an
attainment/
unclassifiable
designation
for
this
area
once
further
data
are
available.
EPA
will
consult
further
with
the
State
once
the
necessary
data
become
available.