Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2003-0248-0004
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-11-26T05:00Z

1
Product
Chemistry
Science
Chapter
on
Creosote
Chemical
Overview
Chemical
Name:
Coal
Tar
Creosote
Common/
Trade
Name:
Creosote,
P1/
P13,
P2
Chemical
Family:
Distillate
mixture
obtained
from
bituminous
coal
CAS
Registry
Number:
8001­
58­
9
OPP
Chemical
Code:
025004
Molecular
Formula:
Not
Applicable
Heavy
Duty
Wood
Preservative
Creosote
is
a
heterogeneous
mixture
of
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
and
other
heteronuclear
aromatic
substances.
US
EPA
`
s
document
Guidance
for
the
Reregistration
of
Pesticide
Products
Containing
CoalTar/
Creosote
(
Document
540­
RS­
88­
066)
1
recognizes
that
"
hundreds
of
individual
chemicals
have
been
identified
in
coal
tar/
creosote
and
Lorenz
&
Gjovik2
and
McNeil3
have
identified
eight
classes
of
compounds
commonly
found
in
creosote
and
coal
tar
products."
These
are
listed
as
follows:

1.
Non­
substituted
six­
membered
rings
2.
Heterocyclic
nitrogen
bases
3.
Heterocyclic
oxygen
and
sulfur
compounds
4.
Alkyl
substituted
compounds(
including
polycyclic
rings)
5.
Hydroxy
compounds
6.
Aromatic
amines
7.
Paraffins
8.
Naphthenes
Creosote
as
a
pesticide
used
for
wood
preservation
has
no
manufacturing
source.
This
Science
Chapter
deals
with
the
Creosote
mixture
solution
derived
from
tar
which
is
produced
from
carbonization
of
bituminous
coal.
This
is
a
coal
tar
fractional
distillation
process
and
from
this
two
fractions
namely
P1/
P13
and
P2
are
obtained.
In
general
fractions
are
collected
when
the
temperatures
are
between
210
o
C
and
355
o
C.
4
Creosote
Council,
which
represents
the
Creosote
Industry,
submitted
the
product
2
chemistry
data
for
the
P2
and
P1/
P13
creosote
fractions
in
1992
and
resubmitted
the
data
again
in
1999
in
compliance
to
the
EPA's
Reregistration
Standard
and
Data­
Call­
In
issued
for
pesticide
products
containing
coal
tar
creosote.
In
the
absence
of
EPA
methodology
to
determine
the
physical/
chemical
characteristics
of
mixtures
like
creosote
fractions,
the
Industry
has
supplied
the
data
based
on
the
analysis
performed
by
using
the
methods
described
by
the
American
Wood
Preservers
Association
(
AWPA)
Standard
Method
for
Analysis
of
Creosote
and
Oil­
Type
Preservatives,
specifically
to
analyze
the
creosote
P2
and
P1/
P13
fractions
for
determination
of
xylene
insolubles,
determination
of
specific
gravity,
distillation
fractions
and
determination
of
water
content
in
the
respective
fractions.

AWPA
has
stated
that
the
P1/
P13
and
P2
(
creosote)
fractions
for
use
as
heavy
duty
wood
preservatives
`
shall
be
a
pure
coal
tar
product,
derived
entirely
from
tar
produced
by
carbonization
of
bituminous
coal.
Carbonization
of
coal
is
accomplished
by
distlling
coal
and
coal
tar
fraction
is
collected.
The
coal
tar
fraction
itself
consists
of:
light
oil,
middle
oil
and
heavy
(
oil)
anthracene.
It
is
the
middle
oil
fraction
that
is
further
distilled
and
various
fractions
from
this
distillation
are
collected
between
the
temperatures
of
210
o
and
355
o
C.

Open
literature
search
shows
(
James
Mueller
et.
al
)
5
soil
contaminated
with
coal
tar
creosote
consists
of:
85%
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(
PAHs),
10%
phenolic
compounds
and
5%
N­,
S­,
and
O­
heterocyclics.
Table
1
lists
some
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
found
in
the
P2
and
P1/
P13
fractions
of
creosote
and
have
been
reported
by
the
Creosote
Council
in
its
product
chemistry
data
submissions.
Table
2
lists
the
phenolic
compounds
and
Table
3
lists
the
heterocyclic
compounds
5
.
These
components
of
Tables
1,2
and
3
represent
95%
of
the
total
constituents
in
coal
tar
creosote.
It
must
be
pointed
out
that
among
the
PAHs
listed
in
Table
1,
sixteen
are
on
the
EPA's
List
of
Priority
Pollutants.
3
Table
1
Polycyclic
Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
(
PAHs)
in
Coal
Tar
Creosote
Compound
Relative
Percentage
Molecular
Weight
Naphthalene
13
128.2
2­
Methylnaphthalene
13
142.2
Phenanthrene
13
178.2
Anthracene
13
178.2
1­
Methylnaphthalene
8
142.2
Biphenyl
8
154.2
Fluorene
8
166.2
2,3­
Dimethyl
naphthalene
4
156.2
2,6­
Dimethyl
naphthalene
4
156.2
Acenaphthene
4
154.2
Fluoranthene
4
202.3
Chrysene
2
228.2
Pyrene
2
202.3
Antraquinone
1
208.2
2­
Methyl
anthracene
1
192.3
2,3­
Benzo[
b]
fluorene
1
216.3
Benzo[
a]
pyrene
1
252.3
4
Table
2
Phenolic
Constituents
in
Coal
Tar
Creosote
Compound
Relative
Percentage
Molecular
Wt.

Phenol
20
94.1
o­
Cresol
10
108.1
m­
Cresol
10
108.1
p­
Cresol
10
108.1
Pentachlorophenol
10
266.4
2,5­
Xylenol
7.5
122.2
3,5­
Xylenol
7.5
122.2
2,3­
Xylenol
5
122.2
2,4­
Xylenol
5
122.2
2,6­
Xylenol
5
122.2
3,4­
Xylenol
5
122.2
2,3,5­
Trimethylphenol
5
136.0
5
Table
3
Heterocyclics
in
Coal
Tar
Creosote
Compound
Relative
Percentage
Molecular
Wt.

Heterocyclics
&
NContaining
Aromatics:

Quinoline
10
129.2
Isoquinoline
10
129.2
Carbazole
10
167.2
2,4­
Dimethylpyridine
10
107.2
Acridine
5
179.2
Aniline
5
93.1
2­
Methyl
quinoline
5
143.2
4­
Methyl
quinoline
5
143.2
Pyrrole
5
67.1
Pyrrolidine
5
71.2
S­
Heterocyclics:

Benzo[
b]
thiophene
10
134.2
Dibenzothiophene
10
184.3
O­
Heterocyclics:

Dibenzofuran
10
168.2
6
Table
4
Analytical
Results
of
Creosote
P2
and
P1/
P13
Fractions
Molecular
ion
(
M+)
Compound
CAS
#
P2
fraction
%
(
mean)
P1/
P13
fraction
%
(
mean)

117
Indole
120­
72­
9
0.20
Indene
0.5
NC
128
Naphthalene
91­
20­
3
17.3
6.2
129
Quinoline
91­
22­
5
0.50
1.0
134
Benzo[
c]
thiophene
0.40
NC
142
1­
Methylnaphthalene
90­
12­
0
1.3
2.5
142
2­
Methylnaphthalene
91­
57­
6
2.80
5.6
154
Biphenyl
92­
52­
4
0.71
1.6
154
Acenaphthene
83­
32­
9
4.40
7.7
156
Naphthalene
91­
20­
3
17.3
6.2
156
1,3­
Dimethyl
naphthalene
575­
41­
7
0.60
0.80
166
Fluorene
86­
73­
7
4.03
6.0
167
9H­
Carbazole
86­
74­
8
1.4
1.7
168
3­
Methyl
biphenyl
(
3­
phenyl
toluene)
643­
93­
6
0.61
0.30
168
Dibenzofuran
132­
64­
9
2.3
4.3
1­
Ethylnaphthalene
0.50
0.60
178
Phenenthrene
85­
01­
8
9.60
12.8
178
Anthracene
120­
12­
7
2.90
3.1
179
Benzoquinoline­
1(
7,8­
benzoquinoline)
230­
27­
3
0.70
180
9H­
Fluorene
3.5
6.0
182
4­
Methyldibenzofuran
0.40
0.80
Molecular
ion
(
M+)
Compound
CAS
#
P2
fraction
%
(
mean)
P1/
P13
fraction
%
(
mean)

7
184
Dibenzothiophene
132­
65­
0
0.94
1.3
190
4H­
Cyclopenta[
def]
phenanthrene
203­
64­
5
1.74
1.5
Pyrene
4.0
4.7
192
2­
Methylphenanthrenes
0.60
Chrysene
0.10
1.4
202
Fluoranthene
206­
44­
0
4.60
5.5
202
Pyrene(
benzo[
def]
phenanthrene
129­
00­
00
3.64
204
2­
Phenylnaphthalene
­
0.47
0.20
Benz[
e]
pyrene
0.50
0.3
Benzo[
ghi]
perylene
0.10
<
0.1
216
1,2­
Benzofluorene(
benzo[
a]
fluorene
­
0.73
216
2,3­
Benzofluorene
243­
17­
4
0.80
0.90
Methylpyrene
0.30
0.20
228
Benz[
a]
anthracene
56­
55­
3
0.20
0.40
228
Chrysene(
benz[
a]
phenanthrene)
218­
01­
9
1.4
252
Benz[
b]
fluoranthene
205­
99­
2
0.51
0.80
Benzo[
a]
pyrene
0.40
Notes:

1.
As
most
of
the
creosote
constituents
are
polyaromatic
hydrocarbons
(
PAHs)
and
solubilities
in
water
or
non­
aqueous
media
is
not
high,
exact
and
accurate
quantitation
is
not
possible.
The
registrants
conducted
a
quantitation
method
for
the
PAHs
based
on
the
calibration
curves
generated
on
four
PAHs:
naphthalene,
(
two
ring
compound),
phenanthrene
(
3
ring
compound)
and
two
four
ring
compounds:
pyrene
and
chrysene.
Calibaration
curves
were
generated
for
these
substances
over
a
concentration
range
of
2
to
1000
µ
g/
ml.
These
substances
work
as
markers
for
lesser
known
and
identified
PAHs
in
the
creosote
fractions.
First
GC
was
used
to
separate
the
components
and
then
quadruple
Mass
Spectrometry
was
to
obtain
the
mass
8
spectra
of
individual
substances.
The
registrants
reported
the
presence
of
components
to
levels
less
than
0.10%.
The
Table
4
identifies
the
components
that
are
over
0.10
%
in
both
the
P2
and
P1/
P13
fractions.
The
list
also
includes
the
presence
of
non­
PAH
components
Science
Assessment
The
Agency
reviewed
the
data
submitted
by
the
registrants
and
an
open
literature
search
was
also
performed
for
the
purpose
of
determining
the
Reregistration
eligibility
of
creosote
as
a
wood
preserving
pesticide.

Product
Chemistry
Assessment
The
physical
and
chemical
properties
of
both
distillate
fractions
creosote
P1/
P13
and
P2
are
described
in
the
following
P1/
P13
Fraction
Chemical
Name:
Coal
Tar
Creosote
Molecular
Wt.:
No
Applicable
Color:
2.5Y2/
2
to
2.5Y4/
2
(
Based
on
Munsell
color
scheme)
Odor:
Sharp,
aromatic,
wood­
like
Solubility:
313
µ
g/
ml
Vapor
Pressure:
11.1
mm
Hg
at
24.4
oC
Log
P:
3.247
Stability:
Short
term(
accelerated
)
stability
was
performed
on
four
constituents
of
the
mixture:
naphthalene,
phenanthrene
pyrene
and
chrysene
for
a
period
of
30
days
at
60
o
C.
At
the
end
of
thirty
day
period,
naphthalene
remaining
was
:
96.5%,
phenanthrene:
87.2%,
pyrene:
86.9%
and
chrysene:
92.4%
Viscosity;
14.60
mm/
s
Storage
Stability:
Not
determined.

Notes:
1.
The
P1/
P13
samples,
provided
by
the
Industry
to
Research
Triangle
Institute,
were
distilled,
within
95%
confidence
limit,
residues
remaining
were
less
than
1.1%
as
required
by
the
AWPA
Standard
A1­
91
(
This
test
is
similar
to
the
EPA's
Certified
Limit
Test
required
for
other
pesticides).
2.
Insoluble
mass
in
Xylenes:
Duplicate
determinations
showed
that
this
fraction
contained
between
0.21
to
0.23%
insoluble
materials.
9
3.
Specific
gravity
of
the
fraction,
for
the
industry
sample
(
single
determination)
is
1.0934
(
corrected
to
38oC)
4.
Moisture
(
water)
content
for
the
industry
sample
(
single
determination)
is
0.4%.

All
these
results
were
obtained
by
using
the
AWPA
Method
A1­
91
Series.

P2
Fraction
Chemical
Name:
Coal
Tar
Creosote
Color:
10YR2/
1
to
2.5Y5/
5
(
Munsell
color
scheme)
Odor:
Strong
aromatic,
Petroleum­
like
Solubility:
306
µ
g/
ml
Vapor
Pressure:
8.6
mm
Hg
at
24.4
to
24.5
oC
Log
P
3.311
Stability:
Viscosity:
15.5
mm/
s
at
25
oC
Storage
Stability:
Short­
term
(
accelerated
study,
30
days,
at
60oC)
stability
study
was
performed
on
four
PAHs:
naphthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene
and
chrysene;
at
the
end
of
thirty
day
period
the
percent
decline
for
naphthalene
was
89.3%,
phenanthrene:
88.4%,
pyrene:
90.2%
and
chrysene:
92.9%.

Note:
1.
The
amounts
of
residues
left
after
the
distillation
process
is
less
than
1.1%
as
required
by
the
AWPA
Standard
A1­
91
(
This
test
is
similar
to
the
EPA's
Certified
Limit
Test
required
for
other
pesticides).
2.
Insoluble
mass
of
xylenes
duplicate
determination
showed
that
this
fractio
n
contain
ed
0.32%
insolub
le
materia
ls
(
relative
amount
s).
3.
The
specific
gravity
for
the
industry
sample(
single
determination)
is
1.0934
(
corrected
to
38oC).
4.
Moisture(
water)
content
for
the
industry
sample(
single
determination)
is
0.15%
by
volume
10
11
Chemical
structures
of
PAHs
in
the
order
of
increasing
complexities
Naphthalene
Anthracene
Pheananthrene
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthene
Fluorene
Fluoranthene
Chrysene
The
chemical
structure
of
sixteen
PAHs
(
EPA
Priority
Pollutants
)
are
provided
below
in
the
order
of
increasing
complexity.
12
Benz[
a]
anthracene
Pyrene
Bnez[
a]
pyrene
Dibenz[
a,
h]
anthracene
Benz[
b]
fluoranthene
13
Indeno[
1,2,3­
cd]
pyrene
Bnez[
g,
h,
i,]
perylene
Some
of
the
physical
properties
of
selected
PAHs
are
listed
in
Table
6
(
Illustrated
Handbook
of
Physical­
Chemical
Properties
and
Environmental
Fate
for
Organic
Chemicals
by
D.
Mackay
et
al.,
Lewis
Publishers,
1992).
Many
of
these
are
measured
and
a
number
of
them
(
particularly
the
K
OW)
are
estimated
values.
14
Table
6
SELECTED
PHYSICO­
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
PAHs
AT
25OC
Compound
v.
p
(
s),
mm
Hg
Log
K
OC
Solubility
mg/
L
log
K
OW
Henry
Law
constant
Pa
m3/
mol
Indan
15.1
­
0.10
3.33
232.82
Naphthalene
7.8
x
10­
2
3.29
3.1x10­
2
3.37
43.01
1­
Methyl
Naphthalene
6.6
x
10­
2
2.96
2.8x10­
2
3.87
44.90
2­
Methyl
Naphthalene
6.7
x10­
2
3.93
2.5x10­
2
3.86
51.19
Biphenyl
9.97
x
10­
3
3.57­
3.77
7x10­
3
3.90
28.64
Bibenzyl
3.0
x
10­
3
­
4.3x10­
3
4.70
16.93
Acenaphthene
2.2
x
10­
3
3.79
3.8x10­
3
3.92
12.17
Acenaphthylene
6.7
x10­
3
3.75,
3.83
1.6x10­
2
4.00
8.40
Fluorene
6.7
x
10­
4
3.76
1.9x10­
3
4.18
7.87
Phenanthrene
1.5
x10­
4
4.42
1.1x10­
3
4.57
3.24
Anthracene
7.5
x10­
6
4.42
4.5x10­
5
4.54
3.96
Pyrene
4.5
x
10­
6
4.92
1.3x10­
4
5.18
0.92
Fluoranthene
9.0
x
10­
6
4.74
2.6x10­
4
5.22
1.037
Benzo[
a]
fluorene
­
­
4.5x10­
5
5.40
Benzo[
b]
fluorene
­
­
2.0x10­
6
5.75
Chrysene
4.2
x
10­
9
4.89
­
1.649
5.86
Benz[
a]
anthracene
2.0
x
10­
5
4.57
1.1x10­
5
5.91
0.581
Benzo[
a]
pyrene
5.2
x
10­
9
5.48
3.8x10­
6
6.04
0.046
Benzo[
e]
pyrene
5.5
x
10­
9
4.00
4.0x10­
6
0.020
Perylene
1.0
x
10­
9
­
4.0x10­
7
6.25
0.003
Benzo[
b]
fluoranthene
­
5.74
1.5x10­
6
5.80
­

Benzo[
k]
fluoranthene
3.9
x
10­
9
5.92
8.0x10­
7
6.00
0.016
Benzo[
ghi]
perylene
6.20
2.6x10­
7
6.50
0.075
SELECTED
PHYSICO­
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
PAHs
AT
25OC
15
Dibenz[
ah]
anthracene
2.7
x
10­
12
6.52
6.0x10­
7
6.75
­

Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics
Four
ingredients
of
creosote
(
naphthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene,
and
chrysene)
were
chosen
as
markers
for
creosote
in
determining
storage
and
corrosion
stability
characteristics
for
P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
fractions
of
creosote.
Specifically,
creosote
fractions
studied
were:

P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
naphthalene;
P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
phenanthrene;
P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
pyrene;
and
P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
chrysene
Storage
Stability
In
storage
stability
studies,
mean
concentrations
of
P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
fractions
of
napthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene,
and
chrysene
at
one
year
(
represented
as
percent
of
initial
mean
concentrations
at
day
zero)
ranged
from
92.7%
­
104.0%,
93.2%
­
112.0%,
85.3%
­
108.0%,
and
70.1%
­
84.7%,
respectively,
after
one
year
of
storage.
These
data
indicate
that
napthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene
fractions
remained
stable
over
a
period
of
one
year,
whereas
chrysene
fractions
declined
from
15.3%
­
29.9%
over
the
same
time
period.

Corrosion
Characteristics
In
corrosion
characteristic
studies,
mean
concentrations
of
P1,
P2,
and
P1/
P13
fractions
of
napthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene,
and
chrysene
at
one
year
(
represented
as
percent
of
initial
mean
concentrations
at
day
zero)
ranged
from
95.9%
­
109.0%,
101.0%
­
114.0%,
96.3%
­
110.0%,
and
74.5%
­
88.5%,
respectively,
after
one
year
of
study.
These
data
indicate
that
napthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene
fractions
remained
stable
over
a
period
of
one
year,
whereas
chrysene
fractions
declined
from
11.5%
­
25.5%
over
the
same
time
period.
16
Product
Chemistry
Chapter
References
MRID
CITATION
None
American
Wood
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Association
Standards,
1998,
pp
3­
4.

None
MacKay
D.
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None
Mueller
J.
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None
USEPA
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None
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None
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44141101
Wade,
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Product
Chemistry
Methods
Development
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Creosote.
Analysis
and
Certification
of
Product
Ingredients:
Aristech
Creosote
P1/
P13.
Pesticide
Assessment
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Reference
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62.
U.
S.
E.
P.
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D:
Product
Chemistry.
Unpublished
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Environmental
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Texas
A&
M
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for
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Chemical
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John
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July
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1992.

44141102
Wade,
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American
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(
AWPA)
Standard
Physical
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Aristech
Creosote
P1/
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AWPA
Standard
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for
Analyses
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Creosote
and
Oil­
Type
Preservatives
(
A1­
89).
U.
S.
E.
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D:
Product
Chemistry.
Unpublished
study
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Geochemical
and
Environmental
Research
Group,
Texas
A&
M
University,
for
Aristech
Chemical
Corporation
and
John
H.
Butala,
Technical
Advisor,
Creosote
Council
II.
August
29,
1992.

44141103
Wade,
Terry
L.
1992.
Product
Chemistry
Methods
Development
and
Validation
for
Creosote.
Analyses
of
Physical
and
Chemical
Characteristics:
Aristech
Creosote
P1/
P13.
Pesticide
Assessment
17
Guidelines
Reference
Series
63.
U.
S.
E.
P.
A.
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
Subdivision
D:
Product
Chemistry.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Geochemical
and
Environmental
Research
Group,
Texas
A&
M
University,
for
Aristech
Chemical
Corporation
and
John
H.
Butala,
Technical
Advisor,
Creosote
Council
II.
September
15,
1992.

44141104
Wade,
Terry
L.
1992.
Product
Chemistry
Methods
Development
and
Validation
for
Creosote.
Analysis
and
Certification
of
Product
Ingredients:
Aristech
Creosote
P2.
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
Reference
Series
62.
U.
S.
E.
P.
A.
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
Subdivision
D:
Product
Chemistry.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Geochemical
and
Environmental
Research
Group,
Texas
A&
M
University,
for
Aristech
Chemical
Corporation
and
John
H.
Butala,
Technical
Advisor,
Creosote
Council
II.
July
23,
1992.

44141105
Wade,
Terry
L.
1992.
Product
Chemistry
Methods
Development
and
Validation
for
Creosote.
American
Wood
Preservers
Association
(
AWPA)
Standard
Physical
Characteristics:
Aristech
Creosote
P2.
AWPA
Standard
Methods
for
Analyses
of
Creosote
and
Oil­
Type
Preservatives
(
A1­
89).
U.
S.
E.
P.
A.
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
Subdivision
D:
Product
Chemistry.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Geochemical
and
Environmental
Research
Group,
Texas
A&
M
University,
for
Aristech
Chemical
Corporation
and
John
H.
Butala,
Technical
Advisor,
Creosote
Council
II.
August
29,
1992.

44141106
Wade,
Terry
L.
1992.
Product
Chemistry
Methods
Development
and
Validation
for
Creosote.
Analyses
of
Physical
and
Chemical
Characteristics:
Aristech
Creosote
P2.
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
Reference
Series
63.
U.
S.
E.
P.
A.
Pesticide
Assessment
Guidelines
Subdivision
D:
Product
Chemistry.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Geochemical
and
Environmental
Research
Group,
Texas
A&
M
University,
for
Aristech
Chemical
Corporation
and
John
H.
Butala,
Technical
Advisor,
Creosote
Council
II.
September
15,
1992.

45355601
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
North
American
CTM
Creosote
P1/
P13
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45355602
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
North
American
CTM
Creosote
P2
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.
18
45355701
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
Western
Tar
Products
Corp.
Creosote
P1
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45355702
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
Western
Tar
Products
Corp.
Creosote
P2
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45355801
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
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for
KMG­
Bernuth,
Inc.
Creosote
P2
Storage
Stability
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Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45355802
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
KMG­
Bernuth,
Inc.
Creosote
P1/
P13
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
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Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45355901
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
1998.
Product
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for
Trenton
Sales,
Inc.
Creosote
P1/
P13
Storage
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Unpublished
study
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October
15,
1998.

45356001
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
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for
Coopers
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Chemical
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Creosote
P2
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Unpublished
study
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by
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March
31,
2000.

45356002
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
Coopers
Creek
Chemical
Corp.
Creosote
P1/
P13
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
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Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45356101
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
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Industries,
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Creosote
P1/
P13
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Unpublished
study
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March
31,
2000.

45356102
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
1999.
Product
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for
Koppers
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19
Unpublished
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October
26,
1999.

45356201
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
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for
Reilly
Industries,
Inc.
Creosote
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P13
Storage
Stability
and
Corrosion
Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
by
Research
Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45356202
Sparacino,
Charles
M.
2000.
Product
Chemistry
for
Reilly
Industries,
Inc.
Creosote
P2
Storage
Stability
and
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Characteristics.
Unpublished
study
prepared
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Triangle
Institute.
March
31,
2000.

45363901
Sparacino,
Charles
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2000.
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March
31,
2000.

45363902
Sparacino,
Charles
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2000.
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Creosote
P2
Storage
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Unpublished
study
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March
31,
2000.