Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2010-0582-0091
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2010-07-26T04:00Z

Washington State Dept. of Fish and Wildlife

Application Package

Ballast Water Treatment System

Severn Trent DeNora

1110 Industrial Blvd.

Sugar Land, Texas  77478

281-240-6770

  HYPERLINK "http://www.severntrentdenora.com" 
www.severntrentdenora.com 

  HYPERLINK "mailto:sales@severntrentdenora.com" 
sales@severntrentdenora.com 

CONTACT:  

Rudy Matousek

Technology Manager

281-274-8493 

  HYPERLINK "mailto:rmatousek@severntrentservices.com" 
rmatousek@severntrentservices.com 

NAME:

BalPureTM – Chemical classification as sodium hypochlorite

MODEL:

BP-1000

AVAILABLE DATE:

Nov 1, 2005

SUBMITTED:

August 8, 2005

Table of Contents

SECTION I:      V	endor Letter of Intent

SECTION II:     Vessel Owner Letter of Intent

SECTION III:     Resume of Principal Investigator

SECTION IV:    Shore Based System (not applicable)

SECTION V:     System Description

			+  General Background

			+  Chemistry

			+  Operating Environments and Conditions

			+  Operating and Maintenance Manual

			+  Installation

			+  Equipment and Operation

			+  Maintenance and Consumables

+  Costs

SECTION VI:    Discharge Validation

SECTION VII:   Land Based Experiments

SECTION VIII:  Performance Capabilities

SECTION IX:    Shipboard Test Plan

SECTION X:     Ancillary Documentation

			+  Operating Manual

			+  Nautilus Toxicity Report

			+  September U of W Report

			+  October U of W Report

			+  December U of W Report

			+  EJR Technology – Literature Review

			+  ISO 2001 Certificate

						

			

SECTION I   Vendor Letter of Intent

See next page



Date:             August 8, 2005	

To:	Scott Smith

From:	Rudy Matousek

Subject:	Application for Approval to Conduct  

                  Shipboard Testing of the BalPure BWT 

                  System in Washington State Waters

 	STSDN 

1110 Industrial Blvd.

Sugar Land, TX  77478

Tel	281 240 6770

Fax	281 240 6762

Dear Mr. Smith,

Severn Trent DeNora wishes to conduct shipboard testing of its BalPureTM
Ballast Water Treatment System on a Marine Transport Corporation vessel.
 The chosen vessel ballasts and de-ballasts in Washington State waters. 
This letter serves as a request for approval to conduct such ballast
water tests.  Also enclosed is the accompanying documentation required
by the State of Washington as part of the review and approval process. 
The document list is identified in the table of contents of this
submittal titled “Washington State Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
Application Package Ballast Water Treatment System”.

Severn Trent DeNora understands and agrees to the terms and conditions
set forth by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for this
approval process.

SECTION II   Vessel Owner Letter of Intent

See next page.SECTION III   Principal Investigator

See next five pages.

RESUME

NAME:  Russell P. Herwig

TITLE:  Research Associate Professor and Marine Ballast Water Specialist

DEPARTMENT:  School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and Washington Sea
Grant Program

INSTITUTION:  University of Washington

DAY TELEPHONE:  206 685-2163	FAX:  206 685-7471

E-MAIL:  herwig@u.washington.edu

EDUCATION

Ph.D.  University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  (Fisheries,
concentration in Marine Microbiology).  Chairperson:  Dr. John Liston. 
Dissertation:  Ecology and Properties of Marine Bdellovibrios.  1989.

M.A.  College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia (Marine
Sciences).  Chairperson:  Dr. Howard I. Kator.  Thesis:  Bacterial
Response to Crude Oil Spillage in a Salt Marsh.  1978.

B.S.  Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania (Honors in Biology). 
1974.

HONORS AND AWARDS

College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington –
Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Teaching, 1999

Navy-ASEE Summer Faculty Research Program, Summer Faculty Research
Associateship, 1994

J.V. Shankweiler Award, for outstanding graduating Biology student,
Muhlenberg College, 1974

East Coast Athletic Conference Merit (Scholar-Athlete) Award, Muhlenberg
College, 1974

Graduated with Honors in Biology, cum laude, Muhlenberg College, 1974

POSITIONS HELD (1991 to present)

Marine Water Ballast Specialist, Marine Advisory Service, Washington Sea
Grant.  2002 - present

Research Associate Professor, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences,
University of Washington.  1998- present

Adjunct Research Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology,
University of Washington.  1998-present.

Adjunct Research Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology,
University of Washington. 1996-1998.

Research Assistant Professor, School of Fisheries, University of
Washington. 1995-1998.

Research Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of
Washington. 1991-1995

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

American Society for Microbiology, International Society for Microbial
Ecology, American Association for the Advancement of Science

PROFESSIONAL AND OUTSIDE SERVICES

Editorial Board, Journal of Food Protection, 1/1998 - present

Graduate Fellowship Review Panel:  EPA Terrestrial Ecology and
Ecosystems, 2000, 2001; EPA Microbiology, 2005

Grant Proposal Review Panel:  EPA Exploratory Research in Environmental
Biology, 1998

Ad Hoc Journal Reviewer: Aquaculture, Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, Organic Geochemistry, Water Environment Research,
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

Ad Hoc Grant Proposal Reviewer: University of Washington Royalty
Research Fund, Washington Sea Grant, Maryland Sea Grant, Michigan Sea
Grant, Oregon Sea Grant, Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program, National
Science Foundation, Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine
Environmental Technology

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Estes, R.M., C.S. Friedman, R.A. Elston, and R.P. Herwig.  2004. 
Pathogenicity testing of shellfish hatchery bacterial isolates on
Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae.  Dis. Aquat. Organisms
58:223-230.

Lee, S.B., S.E. Strand, H.D. Stensel, and R.P. Herwig.  2004. 
Pseudonocardia chloroethenivorans sp. nov., a chloroethene-degrading
actinomycete.   Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:131-139.

Dong, F.M. A.R. Cook, and R.P. Herwig.  2003.  High hydrostatic pressure
treatment of finfish to inactivate Anisakis sp.  J. Food Prot. 66:
1924-1926.

Herwig, R.P.  2002.  Role of bacteria in the nutrition of bivalve
molluscs: intriguing results and research possibilities, p. 31-60.  In
C.-S. Lee and P. O'Bryen (ed.), Microbial Approaches to Aquatic
Nutrition within Environmentally Sound Aquaculture Production Systems. 
The World Aquaculture Soc.: Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Sun, T, G.M. Pigott, and R.P. Herwig.  2002.  Lipase-assisted
concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from the viscera of
farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) viscera.  J. Food Sci. 67:
130-136.

Herwig, R.P.  2000.  Pathogens transmitted by seafoods, p. 109-182. Y.H.
Hui, D. Kitts, and P.S. Standfield (ed.), Foodborne Disease Handbook:
volume 4, Seafood and Environmental Toxins.  Marcel Dekker: New York.

Shaw, T.R., R.P. Herwig, and J. Wakeman.  1999.  Microbial degradation
of intertidal creosote-Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor Superfund Site, p. 315-319. 
Bioremediation technologies for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
compounds: proceedings from the Fifth International In Situ and On-Site
Bioremediation Symposium, San Diego, April 19-22, 1999.

Rockne, K.J., H.D. Stensel, R.P. Herwig, and S.E. Strand.  1998. 
Cometabolic enhancement of PAH degradation by marine methanotrophic
enrichment cultures.  Bioremediation J. 1: 209-222.

Herwig, R.P., and J.P. Gray.  1997.  Microbial response to antibacterial
treatment in marine microcosms.  Aquaculture 152: 139-154.

Herwig, R.P., J.P. Gray, and  D.P. Weston.  1997.  Antibacterial
resistant bacteria in surficial sediments near salmon net-cage farms in
Puget Sound, Washington.  Aquaculture 149: 263-283.

Ederer, M.M., R.L. Crawford, R.P. Herwig, and C.S. Orser.  1997.  PCP
degradation is mediated by closely related species of the genus
Sphingomonas.  Molecular Ecology 6: 39-49.

Gray, J.P., and R.P. Herwig.  1996.  Phylogenetic analysis of the
bacterial communities in marine sediments.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
62:4049-4059.

Geiselbrecht, A.D., R.P. Herwig, J.W. Deming, and J.T. Staley.  1996. 
Enumeration and phylogenetic analysis of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacteria from Puget Sound sediments.  Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 62: 3344-3349.

Dyksterhouse, S.E., J.P. Gray,  R.P. Herwig, J.C. Lara, and J.T. Staley.
 1995.  Cycloclasticus pugetii, gen. nov., sp. nov., an aromatic
hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium from marine sediments.  Int. J. System.
Bacteriol. 45: 116-123.

RECENT MEETING PRESENTATIONS

Lawrence, D., and R.P. Herwig.  March 2005.  Enumerating phytoplankton
abundance in ballast water treatment experiments.  2005 Puget Sound
Georgia Basin Research Conference.  (Seattle, WA).

Perrins, J., and R.P. Herwig.  March 2005. Analysis of ozone and
chlorine disinfectant by-products concerning ballast water treatment. 
2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference.  (Seattle, WA).

Nielsen, B., and R.P. Herwig.  March 2005. Efficacy of an on-site
filtration and chlorination ballast water treatment system.  2005 Puget
Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference.  (Seattle, WA).

Herwig, R.P., and J.R. Cordell.  March 2005. Defending Our Shores:
Ballast Water Treatment Technologies.  2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin
Research Conference.  (Seattle, WA).

Herwig , R.P., J.C. Perrins, J.R. Cordell,  N.C. Ferm, P.A. Dinnel, G.M.
Ruiz, R.W. Gensemer, W. J. Cooper.  November 2004.  Shipboard testing of
a prototype ballast water treatment system: experiments on the West
Coast with ozone. Fourth SETAC World Congress.  Society for
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC).  (Portland, OR).

Herwig , R.P., J.R. Cordell, J.C. Perrins, N.C. Ferm, J.L. Grocock, E.R.
Blatchley III.  November 2004.   Mesocosm experiments for evaluating
potential ballast water treatment systems.  Fourth SETAC World Congress.
 Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC).  (Portland,
OR).

Cordell , J.R., N.C. Ferm, J.L. Grocock, J.C. Perrins, R.P. Herwig. 
November 2004. Examination of mesozooplankton present in ballast water
of ships entering Puget Sound, Washington.  Fourth SETAC World Congress.
 Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC).  (Portland,
OR).

Perrins , J.C., R.P. Herwig.  November 2004.  Flow cytometry versus
other methods for enumerating microorganisms present in ballast water. 
Fourth SETAC World Congress.  Society for Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry (SETAC).  (Portland, OR).

RESUME

NAME:  Jeffery R. Cordell

TITLE:  Principal Research Scientist

DEPARTMENT:  School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences

INSTITUTION:  University of Washington

DAY TELEPHONE:  206 543-7532	FAX:  206 685-7471

E-MAIL:  jcordell@u.washington.edu

EDUCATION

M.S.  University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  (Fisheries). 
Chairperson:  Dr. David Armstrong.  Thesis:  Structure and Dynamics of
an Epibenthic Harpacticoid Assemblage and the Role of Predation by
Juvenile Salmon.  1986.

B.S.  Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Bellingham, WA.  1976.

POSITIONS HELD

Fisheries Biologist, School of Fisheries, University of Washington,
1977-2002

Principal Research Scientist, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences,
University of Washington, 2002 - present

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

Crustacean Society, Estuarine Research Federation, International
Association of Meiobenthologists, Pacific Estuarine Research Society,
Western Society of Naturalists, World Society of Copepodologists.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Dean, A.F., S.M. Bollens, C.A. Simenstad, and J.R. Cordell.  2005. 
Marshes as sources or sinks of an estuarine mysid: demographic patterns
and tidal flux of Neomysis kadiakensis at China Camp marsh, San
Francisco estuary.  Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 63: 1-11.

Levings, C.D., J.R. Cordell, S. Ong, and G.E. Piercey.  2004.  The
origin of invertebrate organisms being transported to Canada’s Pacific
coast by ballast water.  Can. J. Fish. 61(1): 1-11.

Toft, J.D., C.A. Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, and L.F. Grimaldo.  2003.  The
effects of introduced water hyacinth on habitat structure, invertebrate
assemblages, and fish diets.  Estuaries 26(3): 746-758.

Tanner, C.D., J.R. Cordell, J. Rubey and L.M. Tear.  2002.  Restoration
of freshwater intertidal habitat functions at Spencer Island, Everett,
Washington. Rest. Ecol. 10(3): 564-576

Bollens, S.M., J.R. Cordell, S. Avent, and R. Hooff. 2002. Occurrences,
causes and consequences of zooplankton invasions: a brief review, plus
two case studies from the northeast Pacific Ocean.  Hydrobiologia 480:
87-110.

Toft, J.D, J.R. Cordell, and W.C. Fields. 2002. New records of
crustaceans (Amphipoda, Isopoda) in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta,
California, and application of criteria for introduced species. J.
Crust. Biol. 22(1): 190-200.

Simenstad, C.A. and J.R. Cordell. 2000. Ecological assessment criteria
for restoring anadromous salmonid habitat in Pacific Northwest
estuaries. Ecol. Eng, 15:283-302.

Giles, S.L. and J.R. Cordell.  1999.  Zooplankton composition and
abundance in Budd Inlet, Washington.  Pages 634-642.  In: Puget Sound
Research '98: From Basic Science to Resource Management, Puget Sound
Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, Washington.

Prahl, F.G., L.F. Small, B.A. Sullivan, J.R. Cordell, C.A. Simenstad,
B.C. Crump, and J.A. Baross.  1998.  Biogeochemical gradients in the
lower Columbia River. Hydrobiologica.  361: 37-52.

Cohen, A, C. Mills, H. Berry, M. Wonham, B. Bingham, B. Bookheim, J.
Carlton, J. Chapman, J. Cordell, L. Harris, T. Klinger, A. Kohn, C.
Lambert, G. Lambert, K. Li, D. Secord, and J. Toft.  1998.  Puget Sound
expedition, a rapid assessment survey of non-indigenous species in the
shallow waters of Puget Sound.  Nearshore Habitat Program, Aquatic
Resources Division, Wash. State Department of Natural Resources,
Olympia, WA.  37 pp.

Morgan, C. A., J. R. Cordell, and C. A. Simenstad.  1997. Sink or Swim?
Copepod population maintenance in the Columbia River estuarine turbidity
maxima region.  Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 129: 309-317.

Cordell, J.R. and S.M. Morrison.  1996  The invasive Asian copepod
Pseudodiaptomus inopinus in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia
estuaries.  Estuaries 16 (3): 629-638.

Bollens, S.M., B.W. Frost and J.R. Cordell.  1994.  Chemical,
mechanical, and visual cues in the vertical migration behavior of the
marine planktonic copepod Acartia hudsonica.  J. Plankton Res.  16 (5):
555-564.

Cordell, J.R., C.A. Morgan, and C.A. Simenstad.  1992.  Occurrence of
the Asian calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus inopinus in the zooplankton
of the Columbia River estuary.  J. Crust. Biol. 12(2): 260-269.

SECTION V   System Description

General Background

The BalPureTM System that will be used by MTC for this test is a scaled
up version of the system that has been tested by the University of
Washington at the Marrowstone Island USGS facility.  The BalPureTM
process is a patent pending system to generate, control, and optimize
hypochlorite use for the treatment of ballast water.  It is proven high
capacity, compact, and modular technology, which can handle in excess of
3,000 cubic meters of ballast per hour.  The system also neutralizes all
the chlorine before de-ballasting.  Several system variables including
key ones, residual chlorine to the ballast tank and sulfite in the
deballast, are recorded in a data logger to document proper system
operation.  

The BalPureTM system as proposed for the MTC shipboard test program is
designed to treat a ballast flow of 5000 gpm.  Based upon the STDN
experience with the treatment of seawater in cooling water applications,
the typical dosage is 1-2 ppm.  Port water used for ballast has a
higher chlorine demand, so greater chlorine dosage is required.  The
field tests carried out on behalf of STDN and work done at the
University of Washington show that 5 ppm chlorine is a maximum dosage
required for the kill necessary to meet the Washington State and recent
IMO proposed regulations. A more typical dosage ranges from 3.0-3.5 ppm
of hypochlorite for typical seawater with < 5 ppm TOC.   The installed
BalPureTM system will have the capability to reach 5 ppm hypochlorite or
320 pounds per day.  Adjusting the current applied to the BalPureTM
generator will increase or reduce the amount of oxidant generated within
the design conditions of the system.  Therefore hypochlorite production
can be tailored to meet both organic and aquatic life content of the
ballast water.  This adjustment can be done both automatically or
manually through the PLC.

The main BalPureTM system will be delivered fully contained on an epoxy
painted (meets marine requirements) steel skid with dimensions of 144
inches long by 72 inches wide by 96 inches high.  Lifting lugs are
provided to facilitate movement and installation (shown in Dwg.
D006711-P-01).  All equipment is provided in NEMA 4 enclosures or rated
for full wash down service.  Total weight of the skid is projected to be
7800 pounds.  In cases where space is a constraint the various
components can be installed separately to bulkheads or as space permits
and field connected to operate as a fully skid mounted integrated
system.  This will be done with this project as shown in Dwg.
D006711-P-50. Major components on the skid, hung on the room walls, and
method of operation are listed in the following sections.

The BalPureTM system is sold and built by Severn Trent DeNora (STDN) a
leader in water treatment and marine sanitation devices.  Severn Trent
DeNora has been manufacturing like equipment for the offshore industry
since 1974.  It has an installed base of these systems producing over 1
million pounds of hypochlorite per day.  STDN accounts for 65% of the
worldwide operating on-site hypochlorite capacity with over 400 systems
operating in 59 countries.  For Offshore applications STDN offers 21
different size systems capable of producing from 3 to 2400 pounds per
day of hypochlorite.  Our manufacturing facility is ISO-9001-2000
certified and we manufacture NSF 61 certified products.  We also have
received the ABS certificate of Product Design Assessment for our SC-96,
which is the precursor to our BalPureTM BP-500 model.  All these
certifications are provided in the Ancillary Documentation Section.

Chemistry

Chlorination is now established as an integral part of water and
wastewater treatment practice in the United States.  Several hundred
technical articles have been written on the subject.  It is the
consensus that the primary use of chlorine is for disinfection. 
Disinfection practices are governed by the chlorine residual-contact
time envelope.  The major factors affecting the germicidal efficiency of
the free residual process are: chlorine residual concentration, contact
time, pH, and water temperature.  Increasing the chlorine residual, the
contact time, or the water temperature increases the germicidal
efficiency.  Since seawater has a relatively constant pH and volumes are
large, this is assumed to be a constant.  Contact time for ballast water
treatment is the length of the voyage, but the BalPureTM system is based
on contact times of less than 4 hours.  This therefore sets the chlorine
to be added based on the chlorine (oxidant) demand of the seawater.

Seawater (normally between 15 and 35 grams/liter NaCl) or other water
containing NaCl may be used to generate a disinfecting solution
containing chlorine by passing a direct electrical current through the
solution.  On-site generation of hypochlorite from seawater has been
used for over 25 years.  These systems can be purchased as completely
skid mounted systems that generate sodium hypochlorite from seawater. 
These systems are used in refining, petrochemical power plants, offshore
drilling production, and marine applications around the world.  Systems
can be scaled to the appropriate size depending on the quantity of
hypochlorite required.  

The type of electrolytic cell commonly used in these marine and offshore
applications is a “tube within a tube.” Due to the high chlorine
demands for ballast water applications the cells offered in this design
are the dense pack monopolar / bipolar electrolyzers.  This allows high
chlorine production in a relatively small space.  The anode surface is
coated with proprietary precious metal oxides, primarily ruthenium and
iridium.  Seawater enters one end of the electrolyzer and passes between
the cathodes and the anodes.  The hypochlorite solution, depleted
seawater, and hydrogen exit out of the opposite end of each
electrolyzer.  Up to three horizontal electrolyzers can be stacked
vertically on top of one another and flow serpentines through all three
to increase pounds per hour production rate linearly by the number of
electrolyzers.   Electrolyzer size may vary and can produce up to 220
pounds/hour per electrolyzer.

In some applications, such as ballast water treatment, a dechlorination
step can be added to the process.  This requires adding a reducing agent
such as sodium sulfite to the end of the system to neutralize any
residual chlorine at the point of discharge.  The end result is a
non-toxic stream with no free chlorine.

The process is based on the partial electrolysis of NaCl present in
seawater as it flows through an unseparated electrolytic cell.  The
resulting solution exiting the cell is a mixture of seawater, sodium
hypochlorite (hypo), hydrogen gas and hypochlorous acid.  Electrolysis
of sodium chloride solution (seawater in this application) is the
passage of direct current between an anode (positive pole) and a cathode
(negative pole) to separate salt and water into their basic elements. 
Chlorine generated at the anode immediately goes through chemical
reactions to form sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid.  Reactions
are shown below:

Eq. 1  Cl-  (  Cl2 (aq)  + 2e-		Eo = 1.396 V

Which is hydrolyzed in solution to form hypochlorous acid:

Eq. 2  Cl2  +  2H2O  (  2HOCl  +  2H+

Hypochlorous acid dissociates to hypochlorite at alkaline pH levels:

Eq. 3  HOCl  (  OCl-  +  H+		pKa = 7.5

In seawater bromide ions are present, together with a range of inorganic
cations as well as possibly ammonia and a variety of organic compounds. 
The reaction of molecular chlorine or hypochlorite ions with ammonia or
amino compounds leads to the disinfectants and react to destroy bacteria
and microorganisms in the water just as do chlorine, hypochlorous acid
and hypochlorite ions.  The rapid oxidation of bromide ions will also
occur and (as with chlorine) in the aqueous environment form hypobromous
acid (HOBr) and hypobromite ions (OBr-).  These reactions will also be
equilibrium processes, dependent upon temperature and pH.  Note also
that brominated species will react with ammonia and/or amino compounds
if present in the water, just like the chlorine analogues.  

Hydrogen and hydroxides are formed at the cathode, the hydrogen forms a
gas and is vented and the hydroxide aids in the formation of sodium
hypobromite and increases the exit stream pH to approximately 8.5.  This
reaction is shown below:

Eq. 4  2H2O  +  2e-  (  H2 (g)  +  2OH- 	Eo = -0.828 V

Because the electrolytic cell used for this application is unseparated
the reactants at both anode and cathode can further react to form the
respective end products shown in the overall electrochemical and
chemical reaction below:

Eq. 5  NaCl  +  H+  +  Br-  +  2e  (  NaOBr  +  H2  +  Cl-

Salt + Water + Energy  (  Sodium Hypochlorite  +  Hydrogen

In some applications, such as ballast water treatment, a dechlorination
step can be added to the process.  This requires adding a reducing agent
such as sodium sulfite to the end of the system to neutralize any
residual chlorine at the point of discharge.  The end result is a
non-toxic stream with no free chlorine.  The neutralization of the free
halogen (hypochlorite and hypobromite) between the discharge point and
the ballast tanks.  Sodium sulfite is used and the simplified reaction
is shown below to form sodium sulfate.  As shown in the equation,
neutralization occurs at one to one molar ratio but two to one (sulfite
to halogen) as a weight ratio.

Eq. 6   Na2SO3 + Cl2  + H2O –> Na2 SO4 + 2HCl 

Sodium Sulfite + Chlorine + Water –> Sodium Sulfate + Hydrochloric
Acid

Typically there are 4 g/L sulfate in seawater and based on the
concentrations of halogen required only 10 mg of sulfate will be added
to the discharge ballast water.  Also the amount of HCl generated is
negligible and will not change the pH of the discharge ballast water.

Operating Environments and Conditions

Ballast water turbidity:  At this time STDN does not limit the turbidity
of the incoming ballast water.

Ballast water pressure:  A nominal 10 PSIG is required to pass through
the inlet strainers, otherwise there are no requirements on minimum
pressure because the provided system has booster pumps to increase
pressure through the BWT system.  Due to the construction of the cells
STDN does limit the line pressure from the shipboard ballast pump to 50
psig.  

Ballast water temperature:  The inlet temperature to the electrolytic
cells must be above 38 degrees F.  The split in ballast flow and portion
to the generator is 220 to 1 so a small heat exchanger can be added in
applications where ambient ballast water temperature will be below 38
degrees F.  Maximum ambient temperature up to 120 degree F is
acceptable.

Ballast Water Flow:  The system that is being provided in this proposal
can treat 5000 gpm flow at an organic loading of 5 ppm.  STDN has
provided offshore systems to treat 40,000 gpm at 5 ppm.  Therefore we do
not restrict flow rate but require matching the hypochlorite production
unit to standard ship rate of ballast.

Electrical Requirement:  The proposed BalPureTM  unit will require 54
kVA at 480 volts, 3 phase, 60 HZ.

Air:  There are no process air requirements.

Weight:  Approximately 7800 pounds

Dimensions:  144 inches long X 72 inches wide X 96 inches high

Environment:  All equipment is provided in NEMA 4 boxes or with full
wash down capabilities.  Equipment can be provided to meet class 1 div.
1 hazardous zones.  Therefore selective environment is not required.

Treatment Limitations:  STDN does not know of any at this time.  The
amount of disinfection by-products will be proportional to the amount of
TOC in the ballast water.

Operating and Maintenance Manual

See Ancillary Document One.

Installation

Installation instructions are listed in the O&M Manual.  STDN is
committed to a successful installation and operation of any equipment we
provide to MTC.  STDN will provide on-site service during the
installation and commissioning phase of this project by at least one
field service engineer.  Those available for field service are listed
below:

Harold Childers – 281-274-8459

Rudy Matousek – 281-274-8493

Lucette Falcon   -  281-274-8460

STDN will also make available for phone consultation the following
individuals:

Vince Wedlich – 281-274-8488	Electrical Engineering Supervisor

Sean McMillan – 281-274-8492	Instrument and Electrical Engineer

Larry Knight – 281-274-8402		PE Mechanical Engineer

James Moore – 281-274-8452	Mechanical Engineer

Hydraulic and Mechanical Connections:

Please refer to drawings D006711-F-01, D006711-F-02, D006711-P-01 and
the 

O & M manual sections 11 and 12.

Electrical Connections:

Please refer to drawing D006711-EP-01, D006711-E-21, D006711-E-01. 

Operation and Equipment

Operation:

	1.1	The BalPure System is a safe and simple electrolytic process for
on-site generation of sodium hypochlorite solutions via the electrolysis
of seawater.  Seawater will be supplied by the customer at a minimum
pressure and will be fed to the system inlet via a booster pump. 
Seawater passes through the electrolyzer where it is subjected to a DC
current.  The current passing through the seawater solution causes the
disassociation of NaCl (salt) and H2O (water), which then allows for the
formation of sodium hypochlorite.  The proposed system is designed to
produce 320 lb/day (13.75 pounds/hour) maximum capacity.  Lower outputs
can be achieved by reducing the current to the electrolyzer.

      Optimum performance of the BalPure System is obtained by
maintaining a 

            constant seawater flow through the electrolyzer.  Varying
the DC 

            amperage applied to the cell then controls the production of
hypochlorite.

    The BalPure System, as proposed, will control and pass the seawater 

          through the electrolyzer at a constant value using an
orifice-type flow 

          controller. An inlet flow transmitter protects the system. 
This transmitter 

          will shut down the electrical current to the electrolyzer
should seawater 

          flow through the electrolyzer stop.  The inlet seawater
temperature should 

          be at least 5 SYMBOL 176 \f "Symbol"  C and have a chloride
concentration of at least 19,000 ppm for 

          optimum performance.  The BalPure system will be tied into the
ballast 

          water pump.  The system will not operate in automatic mode if
the ballast 

          water pump is not operating.  The BalPure system must also be
set to the 

          “Ballast” mode of operation.  With the unit in the ballast
mode the 

          automatic valve on the inlet side will open as well as the
valve on the 

          discharge side permitting the flow of seawater.

    An inline booster pump will feed a slip stream from the main ballast
water 

          line at a feed rate of 32 gpm.  A duplex strainer will filter
the water 

          with a DP alarm (based on actual field experience with sea
water) to  

          remove any particles larger than 800 microns.

    The BalPure System, as proposed, is designed to operate
automatically.  

          After the unit is energized, the system will sense that
adequate seawater 

          flow is available.  After the unit is purged, the
transformer/rectifier will 

          supply DC current to the electrolyzer to produce hypochlorite.
 Again, for 

          the ballast water treatment mode of operation, the system will
be designed 

          to operate when the ballast pumps are activated. The sodium
hypochlorite 

          will be injected into the discharge stream of the ballast
pumps. The system 

          may also be activated during voyage if required in manual
mode.  

    The system is arranged and designed to provide flexibility of the
operation 

          in terms of solution and dosing strength.

    In the Ballast Water mode, there is a continuous chlorine analyzer
that will 

          measure the oxidant concentration of the treated ballast water
after the 

          injection of the hypochlorite into the main ballast water
stream.  This 

          analyzer will feed the results to the system PLC and data
logger to 

          automatically adjust the DC current to the generator in order
to maintain the 

          oxidant level at the desired set point in the ballast water
feeding the ballast 

          water tanks

    In the deballast mode of operation, liquid sodium sulfite will be
metered 

          into the inlet of the deballast water pump.  With the mixing
effect of the 

          deballast water pump and the 39’ of pipe to overboard, the
sulfite will 

          easily react with any free oxidants.  A sensor in the
deballast line will 

          monitor the level of sulfite and feed back a signal to the
sulfite metering 

          pump to insure the proper dosage of sodium sulfite.  We will
plan to supply 

          a drum manifold line (suction side of metering pump), metering
pump, 

          sulfite analyzer, and of course PLC control and data logger.

 

    All measured hypochlorite levels during system operation will be
recorded 

          with date and time in the date logger.  All measured sulfite
levels during 

          deballasiting will be recorded with date and time in the data
logger.  

 The BalPure System needs seawater to operate.  If the vessel is going
to         

          be ballasting in water that has less than 10,000 ppm of
chlorides in it, the 

          normal operation of the BalPureTM system will have to change
and an 

          automatic briner system using bulk salt will be activated. The
briner system 

          is automatic except for adding salt.  The hold tank also
serves as the briner 

          and holds 4,900 pounds of salt.  Based on ballast tank data
there are 12 

          tanks each requiring 180,000 gallons.  This will require
approximately 

          2,000 pounds of salt if the ballast is fresh water.  The
metering pump 

          attached to the tank will be electrically tied to the
conductivity of the brine 

          through cell voltage.  When the voltage rises above a pre-set
value the 

          metering pump will turn on and have a variable frequency drive
to allow for 

          fine adjustments of the flow to maintain proper salinity for
the electrolytic 

          cell.  The brine tank and pump will be mounted within the shop
building 

          and the discharge line from the pump will inject into the
BalPure system 

          just before the booster pumps.  The salt will be added
manually and should 

 	 be purchased in 2,000 pound “super-sacs”.  The sack is designed
to release 

          full contents from a nozzle at its bottom.  A small jib crane
will be required 

	 to lift the bag over the tank to empty the contents.  This is a semi
manual 

	 job required of the operator and can be done anytime prior to the
ballasting 

 	 operation.

 Hydrogen gas is generated at the cathode of the BalPure unit. 
Immediately 

	 upon exiting the electrolytic cell the gas liquid mixture will be
separated in 

	 the Hydrogen Degas Separator. Hydrogen is removed and immediately 

	 diluted with ambient air from a blower to less than 1%.  The (LEL)
lower 

  	 explosive limit of a hydrogen / air mixture is 4% hydrogen. 

The ballast water tanks use an Ameron coating.  According to Ameron, 

          there will be no problems with the coating as long as the
oxidants are less 

          than 10 ppm.  (see Ancillary Documents – Coating Letter)

Equipment:

The major items of equipment are listed as follows:

Seawater Booster Pump: Vertical multistage, inline pump, all stainless,
with stainless steel impeller, diffusers, shaft, chamber and head, with
2” x 2” grooved end connections.  The pump is equipped with a
cartridge type mechanical seal, with silicon carbide faces and EPDM
elastomers.  Pumps are rigid coupled to a 7.5 HP, 3450 RPM, TEFC
enclosure, standard efficient, 230/460V, 3ph, 60Hz, 1.15SF vertical 56C
motor.  Pump is 36.5” tall.

2.2 Transformer/Rectifier: The transformer/rectifier is NEMA 3R rated,
and constructed of painted carbon steel. The transformer/rectifier is
shipped loose and connected to the generator panel by the
interconnecting cable. The control panel converts 480 VAC to 800 ADC @
47VDC. The internal electrical items consist of a current adjust switch,
a set of diodes, fuses and required relays. The panel has the following
local 

indications and controls: 

-Ammeter – DC - meter 

-Voltmeter – DC - meter 

-Current adjust DC pot 

Power On / flow is OK – lamp

The control panel/transformer/rectifier dimensions are 20” Deep x
84” high x 72” wide.

The control panel contains the Operator Interface Panel, which is used
to control the overall operations of the BalPure system.  The OIT
provides a visual display of the status of the various system
components, and alarm messages are used to indicate malfunctions in
critical areas.  The following control devices are necessary to protect
the BalPure System.  The PLC uses the output from the flow transmitter
to monitor the flow of the seawater at the inlet to the electrolyzer,
and will shut the system down if the flow rate drops to 30 gpm. 
Temperature switches in the transformer will cut the power to the
rectifier if the internal temperature is above 350 F.  DC over-current
will cause the circuit breaker to trip.  Displayed on the control panel:

Electrolyzer voltage and current meters: Actual DC Current (Amps) to the
electrolyzers is displayed on the cell current meter.  These meters are
provided to ensure that the power supplied to the cells is at the proper
amperage.  An increase in voltage indicates a possible decrease in
salinity (due to fresh water) or a dirty electrolyzer.

Current Adjust Knob:  In the manual mode, this knob allows the operator
to manually adjust the current to the required value.  In the feedback
mode the current is adjusted automatically.

Power on/Flow OK Light:  This is a light to indicate that the unit is
running, the transformer temperature is acceptable, and there is
sufficient seawater flow, sensed from the flow meter.  In the event of
an electrical trip or low-flow actuation, the unit will turn off and the
light will turn off.  If the unit turns off due excess transformer
temperature or insufficient seawater flow, there will be a time delay
until the unit and the light turn off and an external alarm could be
indicated.  When the light is off and an alarm actuated, the unit will
require operator investigation and correction of system valves, flow, or
electric power

- Power On/Off Knob:  Allows the operator to start or stop the unit. 
There is a time delay from switching the Knob to “On” and the Power
On/Flow OK light turning on, indicating that the rectifier is energized.

Generator Panel: The generator panel converts seawater to sodium
Hypochlorite. The generator panel assembly consists of an inlet
automatic electric valve, a flow meter (with visual indication and a
switch), one electrolyzer, and an outlet automatic valve used for
isolation and flow control.  

2.4 BalPure Electrolyzer: The Balpure electrolyzer consists of 8 bipolar
cells with an electrode area of 0.8 square meters.  One end of the
electrolyzer is an anode (+) and the other end a cathode (-). The
bipolar plates are inserted in each of the electrolyzer’s terminal
electrodes. The seawater flow is channeled between the electrode plates.

The main body of the electrolyzer is about 8.5 feet long with an overall
length of 10.5 feet long when the electrical connections are included. 
The electrolyzer is about 2 feet in diameter.  There is a 3 inch
seawater inlet and a 3 inch outlet even though we are using 2” pipe to
and from. The electrolytic cell is stable under all normal operating
conditions and has a guaranteed life of 5 years. 

2.5 Continuous On-Line Analyzers:  The chlorine analytical instrument
can measure free oxidants on a continuous basis.  The sulfite analyzer
measures the sulfite level in the deballast water stream.  The oxidant
results are fed to the PLC where when in ballast mode, the current from
the transformer/rectifier will be adjusted to maintain the generated
oxidants at the proper set point.  In the deballast mode, the sulfite
analyzer will feed a signal back to the PLC to adjust the metering pump
to dose the correct amount of 42% liquid sodium sulfite into the inlet
of the deballast pump to remove any free oxidants in the deballast
water.

	2.6 Sulfite Addition System:  The sulfite addition system is comprised
of two 	metering pumps, one on-line and the other an in-line spare. 
They will be 	mounted on an exterior wall inside the present shop
building.  The suction line 

            will run from the sulfite storage tank to the metering
pumps.    The pump is 

            supplied to meter the sodium sulfite into the 	inlet of the
deballast pump.  The 

            pump will be PLC controlled based upon the BalPure system in
the deballast 

            mode, and a signal from the analyzer (2.5) that there is
sulfite in the deballast 

 	water.  The sodium sulfite will be pumped from 55 gallon drums.

            The operator will have to check tank volume before each
deballasiting operation 

            to insure sufficient material.  

2.7 PLC and Data Logger:  A PLC is supplied to control the BalPure
system.  A data logger is supplied to collect and store the data for
future down loading and record of ballast water treatment and
dechlorination.  Data such as run time, amperage, voltage, oxidant
levels, sulfite levels, etc. will be recorded and logged.

	The Solid State Data Recorder is a Paperless Recording instrument. Data
is stored 

on either an internal floppy disk, a removable PCMCIA memory card or a
Zip 

Drive.  All data is stored in MSDOS format and may be archived or
analyzed on 

any IBM compatible PC running Microsoft Windows 3.1 or Windows 95/98
using 

the available Companion Software. The instrument retains all the
features of a 

traditional Paper Chart Recorder by virtue of its large STN monochrome
or TFT 

color Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), which presents the data in the
traditional 

chart mode as well as in bar graph or digital numeric form.  The unit
has many 

features and functions, which are unique and cannot be performed on
traditional 

paper recorders, such as data compression and historic data browsing.
The 

recorder is programmed via a touch screen keypad on the display.  The
recorder 

will measure and process up to six direct inputs, calculated,
conditional, or 

external points for logging, trending, or data manipulation.  If direct
inputs are not 

desired, the Data Recorder will accept up to fifteen points from a
combination of 

calculated, conditional, or external point types.

2.8 Sample Station:  There will not be a master sample station.  STDN
requires the MTC vessel operators to sample and analyze the available
chlorine content of each ballast tank 24 to 48 hours prior to
de-ballasting.  The sampling and analysis procedures will be detailed in
the operating and maintenance manual provided with the equipment.  This
task is estimated to take 15 minutes per ballast tank. 

2.9 Hydrogen Dilution:  The electrolyzer output enters the Hydrogen
Degas Separator where the hydrogen is separated from the Sodium
Hypochlorite solution.  In the Hydrogen Degas Separator, H2 that is
being generated is removed from the two-phase (liquid/gas) solution and
safely routed to the vent stack.  The hydrogen in the vent stack is
diluted to less than 1% by one (1) of the two (2) dilution air blowers. 
The lower explosive limit (LEL) of a hydrogen/air mixture is 4%
hydrogen.  Two 100% blowers are provided to ensure an automatic standby
to the operator selected lead blower.  Inlet filter screens prevent
unwanted dust/debris from being admitted to the vent system.  Each
blower line is provided with an individual airflow switch to provide
logic feedback for the standby blower startup.  Dampers prevent backflow
through the standby blower during operation.  After the hydrogen is
diluted to below the lower flammability limit, it is safely vented.  The
Sodium Hypochlorite solution flow from the degas separator is routed to
the required injection points.  

2.10 Briner System:  Seawater will enter the brine tank through a side
feed chamber. Liquid lever control maintains water at 30% from the
bottom to ensure full saturation. Flow requirements will be
approximately 1.5gpm to achieve the required brine concentration to the
electrolyzer. The brine tank is sized for a working volume of 4,900
pounds to facilitate additions via 2000 pound super sacks.  The brine
tank will be installed inside next to the generator.  It will be made of
HDPE with bulkhead fittings. Brine addition to the electrolyzer will be
controlled by salinity of the incoming seawater.

2.11 Alarms:  Various alarms will display through the control panel PLC
for proper operation of hypochlorite generator, sulfite addition, hypo
addition, and concentrated brine addition.  There will also be a general
purpose audible and visual alarm on deck outside of the room housing the
generator.

Maintenance and Consumables

Refer to the O & M manual; section 14 regarding maintenance and appendix
A for spare parts. 

Sodium bisulfite is the other consumable material used during
de-ballasting for chlorine neutralization.  The stoichiometric ratio of
sulfite to chlorine is 1.6 to 1.  To be safe assume 2:1 by weight and
assume a 2 ppm residual chlorine that must be neutralized with a 2 ppm
sulfite excess.  Therefore the worst-case consumption rate for the MTC
test protocol for a 5,000 gallon (18,925 liters) per minute would be:

18,925 kg  X  2 ppm  =  .0378 kg (.083 lb.) of chlorine to neutralize

At 2:1 ratio  .0378 kg  X  2  =  .0757 kg sodium bisulfite

At 2ppm excess   18,925 kg  X  2 ppm  =  .0378 kg of bisulfite extra

Therefore total sulfite per  5,000 gallon discharge would be .15 kg
(.33lb) of bisulfite per minute.  The MTC total ballast is 2.6 million
gallons or 173 pounds of sulfite per full de-ballast.

Costs 

The purchase price for the BP-1000 unit as delivered for this proposal
will be less than $500,000.  This price covers all hypochlorite
generating equipment, gas separation, all instrumentation, all
analyzers, brine supplement system, and data logger.

Operating costs are projected to be $0.03 per cubic meter of treated
ballast water.  The only consumables in operating the system (assuming
proper salinity seawater is available) are electricity and sodium
sulfite.  Breakdown would be as follows:

At power costs of $0.15 per Kwh, electricity would be $0.02 per cubic
meter of ballast treated.  Sulfite costs are $0.004 per cubic meter of
ballast treated.  The other major replacement item is the electrodes in
the electrolytic cell.  Operating life is 3000 hours with a contributing
cost of $0.003 per cubic meter of ballast treated.   Other miscellaneous
operating costs for reagents, pump seals, etc. would be another $0.003
per cubic meter of treated ballast water.



SECTION VI:  Discharge Validation

We at Severn Trent DeNora believe that the de-ballasted water from any
ship using our BalPureTM ballast water treatment system, when operated
as designed, will meet all regulatory requirements.  This belief is
based on the following land based testing, clinical toxicity testing,
and input from Federal agencies.

Toxicity 

Nautilus Environmental Northwest Laboratory conducted tests per the
guidelines published by the Washington Department of Ecology titled
“Toxicity Testing to Establish the Environmental Safety of Proposed
Ballast Water Biocides”.  The more aggressive 7-day survival tests
were conducted.  Water environments were prepared following the full
cycle of our electrolytic ballast water treatment system.  Puget Sound
water was treated with chlorine using the BalPureTM chlorinator.  That
seawater was then neutralized with varying amounts of sodium sulfite to
establish a safety factor for commercial operation.  Standard treatment
will require a residual of 1-2 ppm sulfite during normal operation. 
Results indicate no adverse effect on Mysid (M. bahia and M. beryllina),
bivalve larval, kelp germination, and herring embryo up to 16 ppm
residual sulfite.  The summary report is attached in the Ancillary
Documents.

The University of Washington also did toxicity tests following a similar
test protocol with systems of 75 gallons, which indicate no adverse
effects on bacteria, phytoplankton, and mesozooplankton.  This work is
summarized in the December 2004 report, also attached in the Ancillary
Documents.

Disinfection By-Products

Disinfecting agents such as chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and
chloramines react with natural organic material present in water to
produce disinfection byproducts (DBPs).  Most of the research and
interest in DBPs has been with drinking water.  DBPs have been known
since 1974, when chloroform was identified as DBP resulting from the
chlorination of tap water.  Since then, hundreds of DBPs have been
identified in drinking water.  The benefit of disinfecting drinking
water is obvious as thousands of people died from waterborne disease
before municipalities began to disinfect drinking water, but it is also
generally recognized that it is important to minimize the formation of
DBPs in drinking water.  Several DBPs have been linked to cancer in
laboratory animals, and as a result, the U.S. EPA has regulated some
DBPs.

While we anticipate that most people will not be drinking ballast water
and other treated seawater, we have evaluated the formation of selected
DBPs that may be formed following the generation of hypochlorite in
seawater.  Seawater is significantly different than freshwater, not just
because of the relatively high concentration of Na+ and Cl- and
oftentimes higher levels of natural organic material, but also because
of the presence of Br- (bromide).  The presence of this ion may lead to
the formation of bromate (BrO3-), a compound that is considered a
possible human carcinogen.  In the U.S., bromate is regulated at 10
µg/L (10 parts per billion) in drinking water.  Seawater contains a
typical bromide concentration of 65 mg/L so the concentration in
seawater is significant.  Therefore, bromate was one of the DBPs
measured in our research.  In addition, the presence of haloacetic acids
(HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) are a concern and were measured as
part of the overall study.

Results are provided in the December 2004 University of Washington
Report.  Indications were that when treating Puget Sound water spiked
with 50% more zooplankton and phytoplankton than normal concentrations,
result in de-ballasted water that meets drinking water standards for
THM, HAA5, and Bromate.

Permitting and Certifications

Chemicals that are involved in the BalPureTM process are:  0.1 wt%
hypochlorite solution or 50 times weaker than household bleach is not
subject to the same regulations that govern strong hypochlorite greater
than 1.0 wt%.  In fact we do not know any regulations that pertain to
this hypochlorite concentration.  Sodium bisulfite, either 42 wt% liquid
or dry powder made to 42 wt%.  Both are only classified as irritants. 
The MSDS sheets are attached in the ancillary documents.  

STDN spoke with Dennis Edwards of the EPA in Washington D.C. pertaining
to the BalPureTM system and how it would be classified as a pesticide
generation device.  We presently have our manufacturing site registered
and all our pesticide devices built on this site are covered by
Establishment Number 048482-TX-001.  We submit documentation annually
and will include our BalPureTM in the future.  Mr. Edwards mentioned
that this documentation was more than adequate to cover any regulations
pertaining to a chemical Ballast Water Treatment System.  No other FIFRA
laws pertain to our situation at this time.

A literature review by Dr. E. Rudd (PHD in Electrochemistry) from
ElectroTechnologies is included in the Ancillary Documentation.  The
review concludes that hypochlorite / chlorine concentrations as low as
0.1 ppm can be effective as a disinfectant to kill living marine
organisms.  The review also indicates sodium sulfite is a non-toxic and
non-hazardous chemical.  The report is included in the Ancillary
Documentation.



SECTION VII:   Land Based Experiments

Discharge Water Quality

Per the work of Russ Herwig at Marrowstone Island, the BalPureTM  unit
can treat seawater to meet the Washington State interim ballast water
discharge standards:

	Inactivation of ninety-five percent of Zooplankton organisms

	Inactivation of ninety-nine percent of Phytoplankton

	Inactivation of ninety-nine percent of Bacteria

Per the work of Russ Herwig at Marrowstone Island, the BalPureTM unit
can treat seawater to meet IMO standards:

	< 10 Viable Organisms per cubic meter at > 50 micron

	< 10 Viable Organisms per milliliter at < 50 micron

	Eliminate bacteria to < 250 colony forming units per 100 ml

Please refer to the three summary reports by Russ Herwig for the work
done by the University of Washington at the Marrowstone Island USGS
site.  The work is contained in the Ancillary Documents -  Marrowstone
Sodium Hypochlorite Mesocosm September 2004, Marrowstone Sodium
Hypochlorite Mesocosm October 2004, Marrowstone Sodium Hypochlorite
Mesocosm December 2004.



SECTION VIII:  Performance Capabilities

As outlined above in the ballast flow section, STDN has provided
offshore seawater treatment systems up to 40,000 gpm at 5 ppm available
hypochlorite.  STDN is proposing a system to handle 5000 gpm at 5 ppm
available hypochlorite.  All results should be scalable up or down in
production capacity.  Please see the table below for various available 
BalPureTM Systems.  STDN is marketing six different size BWT systems
based on ballast water flow rates in increments of 500 cubic meters per
hour.

MODEL	SEAWATER TO BE TREATED @ 5 ppm	SYSTEM OUTPUT REQUIREMENTS	AC POWER
REQUIRED	DC POWER

	M3/H	GPM	kg/H	Lbs/Day	AC KVA	AMPS	VOLTS

BP-500	400-825	2200	2.5	132	       35

500	48

BP-1000	826-1250	4400	5.0	264	52	500	72

BP-1500	1251-1800	6600	7.5	396	78	500	108

BP-2000	1801-2200	8800	10.0	528	103	500	144

BP-2500

	2201-2600	11000	12.5	660	110	800	96

BP-3000

	2601-3600	13200	15.0	792	165	800	144



SECTION IX:  Shipboard Test Plan

 Objectives

Demonstrate operational efficacy and reliability of the BalPure system.

+  Hypochlorite Generation

+  Chlorine monitor and control

+  Sulfite monitor and control

+  Data logger operation

Characterize geochemical and biological composition of ballasted and
de-ballasted treated and un-treated seawater.

 Introduction

The BalPure system is divided into hypochlorite generation, chlorine
monitoring and control, sulfite monitoring and control, sulfite dosing,
and data logging.  Only the monitoring systems will require some
operator attention. The analyzers operate with pre-packaged reagents
with somewhat short shelf life and should be changed (once opened) every
14 days.  The rest of the system is relatively free of maintenance and
has a 20-year proven history in power plants and offshore applications.

The intent of the sampling and analysis program is to provide initial
start-up, training, and commissioning assistance to the Crowley staff. 
Once the mechanical system operation is verified a second phase would be
to execute a detailed sampling and analysis program with a team from
University of Washington and STDN.  This program would establish the
efficacy of the BalPure unit with ballast water from various ports. 
This program would be conducted over the first three voyages.  The
sampling and analysis sequence would follow that listed in Table 1.  To
provide a control for this test, we will fill one ballast tank with
un-treated seawater and the rest with treated seawater.  This will aid
in determining efficacy of the system with the same quality seawater and
characterize both types of ballast water with time.  Accommodations will
be required for the sampling and test team of two people to do analyses
at the prescribed intervals.

The demonstration portion of the test program follows the intense one
month period described above.  This portion of the overall program will
cover the next two months.  This period is required to demonstrate
reliability of the equipment and provide logged data to demonstrate
system control and meeting operating parameters.   

The final portion of the program is a six-month maintenance period to
establish maintenance cycles and further demonstrate robustness of the
system.  If all critical validation points are met during the first six
months it would be Marine Transport’s decision to continue the
elevated monitoring program or pursue the STEP program.

Test Procedure – Every Ballasting Operation

 Four hours prior to Ballasting, turn on power to chlorine analyzer to
warm up, move sensor from holding tube to unit.  Replace sample line
filter and reagent bottle if required.

 Once ballast pump(s) begin pumping and BalPure unit is making chlorine,
collect sample ballast water after the mix point.  Do chlorine analysis
using Hach Colorimeter and adjust BalPure Chlorine analyzer (see manual)
to match test kit value.  (Should be infrequent and minimal adjustment).

Set BalPure unit to desired chlorine residual, to be determined (3.0 –
5.0 ppm range) based on initial efficacy tests during the first two
weeks of operation.  Allow BalPure unit to control residual chlorine
concentration.

When system is fully commissioned, take samples per sampling Table 1 for
  

      three ballasting operations during the next month.

Once per month (for the next two months) collect two ballast water
samples from the none treated tank and two ballast water samples from a
treated ballast tank right after tank is full.  Send samples immediately
to laboratory (to be determined) for analysis.  Sampling could be
scheduled through University of Washington or STDN to minimize time
spent by Marine Transport personnel.  

Once per month (for the next two months) collect two ballast water
samples from the none treated tank and two ballast water samples from a
treated ballast tank right before de-ballasting.

Test Procedure – Every De-ballasting Operation

 Two hours before de-ballasting, install sensor and then turn on power
to                        the sulfite analyzer.  Confirm there is at
least 30 gallons of sulfite solution in the dosing drum.  Turn on power
to the chlorine analyzer to confirm there is residual chlorine in the
ballast tanks just prior to de-ballasting.

      1.   Once ballast pumps begin pumping, confirm de-chlorination
unit is working.                         

Sample overboard discharge and check for chlorine with Hach test kit to
confirm no chlorine is present.  Match hand held reading with analyzer.

Confirm sulfite analyzer is working and if required, adjust sulfite
analyzer per manual.  Maintain 1-2 ppm sulfite in the exit stream.

      4.   Once de-ballasting operation is completed, shutoff power to
sulfite 	 analyzer.  

            Record sensor sensitivity, rinse, remove sensor and affix
storage cap.

When system is fully commissioned, follow intense sampling sequence in
Table 1 for three de-ballasting operations that match like ballasting
cycles.

Once per month (for the next two months) collect two samples after
dechlorination system that match those taken in item 5 under ballasting.
 Send samples to laboratory (to be determined).  Sampling could be
scheduled through University of Washington or 	STDN to minimize time
spent by Marine Transport personnel.

Sample Analysis

All returned samples will be analyzed to characterize the geochemical
and biological composition of the seawater.  The data will include the
following:

Salinity

Dissolved Organic Carbon

         3.   Live organisms greater than 50 micron and smaller than 50
micron

         4.   Chlorophyll a

         5.   Bacteria

         6.   Disinfectant By-Products

         7.   Sulfite and Sulfate Conc.

         8.  Toxicity

Table 1.  Data collected during ballast water treatment and voyage of
Crowley vessel with STDN BalPure 

system installed.  The number of intermediate samples collected will
depend on the length of the voyage.

Data Collected	Ballast Tank After Filling	Ballast Tank 24 h 	Ballast
Tank 48 h	Ballast Tank Before Discharge	Discharge 

	Chemistry Data

	Salinity	X

Temperature	X	X	X	X	      X

Organic carbon	X

Total residual oxidant (TRO)	X	X	X	X	      X

Disinfection byproducts	X	X	X	X	      X

Sulfite

	      X

	Biology Data

	Zooplankton	X	X	X	X

	Chlorophyll a	X	X	X	X	      X

Culturable phytoplankton	X	X	X	X	      X

Bacteria	X	X	X	X	      X

SECTION X:  Ancillary Documentation

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