Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2010-0520-0030
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2011-10-21T04:00Z

DRAFT
Testing of Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Fourth Group of Chemicals
                  (Exposure Findings Supporting Information)
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 
                                     Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 
                                   Economics, Exposure and Technology Division 
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                       May 2011
                               Table of Contents

PREFACE

1.0	Data Source Descriptions	3

2.0	Summary of HPV4 Chemicals and Findings	4

                                    Preface

	This findings document was prepared to support EPA's Proposed TSCA Section 4 Test Rule for Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Fourth Group of Chemicals.  Prior to promulgating a test rule under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. §§2601 et seq, EPA is required to make certain findings identified in section 4(a) of TSCA relating to the chemical's risk and potential exposure, the sufficiency of data to allow EPA to determine the human health or environmental effects of the chemical, and the need to conduct testing.
 
	Under TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B), EPA must make the following findings to support a test rule based on concerns for exposure: (1) that a chemical substance is or will be produced in substantial quantities and that it enters or may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities and/or that there is or may be substantial and/or significant human exposure to such substance; (2) that there are insufficient data and experience upon which the effects of the manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use or disposal of such substance or mixture or of any combination of such activities on health or the environment can reasonably be determined or predicted; and (3) that testing of the substance or mixture with respect to such effects is necessary to develop such data.  The criteria and standards used by EPA for evaluating the terms "substantial production," "substantial release," and "substantial or significant human exposure" as used in TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B)(i) are explained in EPA's Final Statement of Policy; Criteria for Evaluating Substantial Production, Substantial Release, and Substantial or Significant Human Exposure set forth at 58 FR 28736 (May 14, 1993) (hereinafter referred to as the "B Policy").

	This document provides a detailed discussion of EPA's evaluation of each of the chemical substances identified in the proposed test rule to determine that preliminary TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B) findings concerning "substantial production," "substantial release," and "substantial or significant human exposure" can be made. 
Data Source Descriptions
TSCA Inventory Update Reporting Rule: In 1986, EPA promulgated the Inventory Update Reporting (IUR) regulations, under TSCA section 8(a), to facilitate the periodic updating of the TSCA Inventory database and to otherwise support activities associated with implementing TSCA. As originally promulgated, the IUR required chemical manufacturers (including importers) to report to EPA every 4 years the identity of chemical substances manufactured (including imported) annually in quantities of 10,000 pounds or more at each plant site they owned or controlled. In 2003, EPA adjusted the universe of chemicals and plant sites that are required to report, and the type of information reported. In 2005, EPA changed the reporting frequency to once every 5 years, revised the manner in which amounts of a chemical substance manufactured or imported must be reported, and changed the submission period for reporting after 2006.

To protect the claims of confidential business information (CBI) asserted by some IUR submitters on the amount of the chemical substance manufactured (including imported) at a specific site, all production volumes reported by IUR submitters (i.e., CBI and non-CBI) for each chemical are combined by EPA for an aggregate total.  Confidential business information claims are further protected by using eight ranges to identify the total for any specific chemical and then making available to the public the range that corresponds to the aggregate production volume. Publicly-available information from the 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, and 2002 (and 2006) IUR reporting cycles are available on-line at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/index.htm

The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) contains information about releases of certain chemicals and management of wastes at a wide variety of sources, including manufacturing operations, certain service businesses, and federal facilities.  Publicly-available information from the 2008 TRI reporting cycle is available on-line at: http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer/

The National Library of Medicine Household Products Database provides information on the chemical ingredients and their percentage in specific brands of household products.  Information in the database is from a variety of publicly available sources including brand-specific labels and Material Safety Data Sheets when available from manufacturers and manufacturers' web sites.  Publicly-available information from the database is available on-line at: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/

Summary of HPV4 Chemicals and Findings
	Table 2-1 below presents a summary of the high production volume (HPV) chemicals and data collected to support an exposure-based finding. Table 2-2 presents a chemical-by-chemical explanation of the supporting findings information. 

Table 2-1  
Summary of Data Searched for Exposure Based Findings

CAS#
Chemical Name
                          2006 IUR Production Volume
                                 [Million lbs]
                            PAIR Production Volume
                                 [Million lbs]
         2006 IUR  -Substantial Human Exposure (>1,000 Workers) Met
           PAIR - Substantial Human Exposure (>1,000 Workers) Met
                       NLM Household Chemicals Database 
            Non-CBI 2006 IUR Commercial/ Consumer Code Description
          PAIR - Substantial Human Exposure (Consumer Use Indicated)
         PAIR - Substantial Release Criteria (>1 million lbs) Met 
     2008 TRI Data(Total On- and Off-site Disposal or Other Releases, lbs)
                         Meet Exposure Based Criteria
                                  for Workers
                  Meet Exposure Based Criteria for Consumers
                   Meet Exposure Based Criteria for Release
                                       1
56-40-6
Glycine
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                           25 personal care products
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                       2
67-72-1
Ethane, 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexachloro-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                          1,031 lbs released onsite;
                         288,418 lbs released offsite;
                                       
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      No
                                       3
78-00-2
Plumbane, tetraethyl-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                 C10 - Lubricants, greases and fuel additives
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                       4
95-14-7
1H-Benzotriazole
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                          4 inside-the-home products
                        C10 -Lubricants, greases, and 
                                fuel additives;
                             C11 - Metal products;
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                       5
118-48-9
2H-3,1-Benzoxazine-2,4(1H)-dione
                                  10 < 50
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                C2 - Agricultural  products (non-pesticidal); 
C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                       6
128-44-9
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide, sodium salt (1:1)
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                          132 personal care products
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                       7
928-72-3
Glycine, N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)
                                500 < 1,000
                                      CBI
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                       -
                                      CBI
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                      CBI
                                       8
1809-19-4
Phosphonic acid, dibutyl ester
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                                       -
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                      No
                                       9
25377-73-5
2,5-Furandione, 3-(dodecen-1-yl)dihydro-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      10
26544-38-7
2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(tetrapropenyl)-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
 C10 - Lubricants, greases and fuel additives; C12 - Paints and coatings; NRO
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      11
27859-58-1
Butanedioic acid, 2-(tetrapropenyl)-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                                       -
                 C10 - Lubricants, greases and fuel additives
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      12
28777-98-2
2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(octadecen-1-yl)-
                                  10 < 50
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                             C13 - Paper Products
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      13
29385-43-1
1H-Benzotriazole, 6(or 7)-methyl-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                 C10 - Lubricants, greases and fuel additives
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      14
32072-96-1
2,5-Furandione, 3-(hexadecen-1-yl)dihydro-
                                  50 < 100
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                                       -
                             C13 - Paper products
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      15
61789-73-9
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, chlorides
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      CBI
                                      No
                                      16
64665-57-2
1H-Benzotriazole, 6(or 7)-methyl-, sodium salt
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      17
68131-13-5
Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                       1 product used inside the home, 
                            in arts & crafts, 
                              or in home offices 
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                       
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      18
68153-60-6
Fatty acids, tall-oil, reaction products with diethylenetriamine, acetates
                                   1 < 10
                                      CBI
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                       -
                                      CBI
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                      CBI
                                      19
68424-85-1
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl,chlorides
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
          3 auto products, 28 home products, 2 personal care products
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      20
68442-77-3
2-Butenediamide, (2E)-, N1,N4-bis[2-(4,5-dihydro-2-nortall-oil alkyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl] derivs.
                                   1 < 10
                                      CBI
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                       -
                                      CBI
                                      CBI
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      CBI
                                      CBI
                                      21
68607-28-3
Quaternary ammonium compounds, (oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[coco alkyldimethyl, dichlorides
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                                       -
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      22
68909-18-2
Pyridinium, 1-(phenylmethyl)-, Et Me derivs., chlorides
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                       -
                                       -
                                  C20 - Other
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                      No
                                      23
69834-17-9
Benzene, decylphenoxy-
                                   1 < 10
                                       -
                                      No
                                       -
                                       -
                          C17 - Soaps and detergents
                                       -
                                       -
                                       -
                                      No
                                      Yes
                                      No
       [*]  "-" indicates no information available. 
       ** "CBI" indicates information is available; however it is claimed as CBI. This information is provided in a separate CBI attachment.
                                   Table 2-2
                 Chemical-by-Chemical Explanation of Findings 

                                     CAS#
                                 Chemical Name
                              Summary of Findings
                                       1
                                    56-40-6
Glycine
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.

The NLM database indicates this chemical is used as an ingredient in 25 personal care products. Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on NLM data and IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)
                                       2
                                    67-72-1
Ethane, 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexachloro-
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
                                       3
                                    78-00-2
Plumbane, tetraethyl-
 

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C10  -  Lubricants, greases, and fuel additives was reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in this category are added to gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining. They are additives in products used to enhance or clean combustion devices; it is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C10)

                                       4
                                    95-14-7
1H-Benzotriazole

The NLM database indicates this chemical is used as an ingredient in 4 inside-the-home products. Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product categories C10  -  Lubricants, greases, and fuel additives, C11  -  Metal products, and C20  -  Other were reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in C10 are added to gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining.  Chemicals reporting in C11 are contained in metals and metallic substances contained in metal products for commercial and consumer use.  Chemicals reporting in C20 are contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere specified. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on these reporting categories, it is expected that this chemical will be contained in products that are widely used by commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on NLM data and IUR commercial/consumer product categories (C10, C11, and C20)
                                       5
                                   118-48-9
2H-3,1-Benzoxazine-2,4(1H)-dione

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C2  -  Agricultural products (non-pesticidal) and C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) were reported for this chemical. Chemicals reporting in C2 are used to increase the productivity and quality of farm products.  An example for this chemical would be use as a soil conditioner.  Chemicals reporting in C20 are present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures.  It is possible that products containing this chemical are used widely by more than 10,000 commercial workers and consumers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million - 50 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C2, C20)

                                       6
                                   128-44-9
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide, sodium salt (1:1)

The NLM database indicates this chemical is used as an ingredient in 132 personal care products. Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on NLM data and IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)
                                       7
                                   928-72-3
Glycine, N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
                                       8
                                   1809-19-4
Phosphonic acid, dibutyl ester
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.  

The IUR commercial/consumer use information is claimed CBI for this chemical.  The types of products containing this chemical are unknown but may be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on an IUR commercial/consumer product category whose identity is CBI.
                                       9
                                  25377-73-5
2,5-Furandione, 3-(dodecen-1-yl)dihydro-

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)

                                      10
                                  26544-38-7
2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(tetrapropenyl)-
The IUR commercial/consumer product categories C10  -  Lubricants, greases, and fuel additives, C12  -  Paints and coatings, and NRO  -  Not readily obtainable were reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in C10 are added to gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining.  Chemicals reporting in C12 are contained in commercial and consumer paints, including artists' paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels and shellac, paint and varnish removers and cleaners.  Chemicals reporting in NRO are potentially present in commercial or consumer products although such information is not available.  Based on these reporting categories, it is expected that this chemical will be contained in products that are widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C10, 12, NRO)

                                      11
                                  27859-58-1
Butanedioic acid, 2-(tetrapropenyl)-
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.  

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C10  -  Lubricants, greases, and fuel additives was reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in this category are added to gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining. They are additives in products used to enhance or clean combustion devices; it is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C10)

                                      12
                                  28777-98-2
2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(octadecen-1-yl)-
The IUR commercial/consumer product category C13  -  Paper products was reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in commercial and consumer paper products.  It is expected that paper products are widely used by commercial workers and consumers which may exceed 10,000 people. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."   

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million - 50 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C13)

                                      13
                                  29385-43-1
1H-Benzotriazole, 6(or 7)-methyl-

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C10  -  Lubricants, greases, and fuel additives was reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in this category are added to gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining. They are additives in products used to enhance or clean combustion devices; it is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C10)

                                      14
                                  32072-96-1
2,5-Furandione, 3-(hexadecen-1-yl)dihydro-
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.  

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C13  -  Paper products was reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in commercial and consumer paper products.  It is expected that paper products are widely used by commercial workers and consumers which may exceed 10,000 people. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."   

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (50 million - 100 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C13)

                                      15
                                  61789-73-9
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl, chlorides
This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on an IUR commercial/consumer product category whose identity is CBI.
                                      16
                                  64665-57-2
1H-Benzotriazole, 6(or 7)-methyl-, sodium salt

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)
                                      17
                                  68131-13-5
Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on IUR data.  

The NLM database indicates this chemical is used as an ingredient in 1 product that is used inside the home, in arts and crafts, or in home offices.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on NLM data
                                      18
                                  68153-60-6
Fatty acids, tall-oil, reaction products with diethylenetriamine, acetates
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on IUR data.  

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 
                                      19
                                  68424-85-1
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl,chlorides
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on IUR data.  

The NLM database indicates this chemical is used as an ingredient in 3 automotive products, 28 home products, and 2 personal care products.  Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on NLM data and IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)

                                      20
                                  68442-77-3
2-Butenediamide, (2E)-, N1,N4-bis[2-(4,5-dihydro-2-nortall-oil alkyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl] derivs.
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on IUR data.

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 

                                      21
                                  68607-28-3
Quaternary ammonium compounds, (oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[coco alkyldimethyl, dichlorides
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on IUR data.

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)
                                      22
                                  68909-18-2
Pyridinium, 1-(phenylmethyl)-, Et Me derivs., chlorides
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on IUR data.

The IUR commercial/consumer product category C20  -  Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."
  
This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C20)
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                                  69834-17-9
Benzene, decylphenoxy-
The IUR commercial/consumer product category C17  -  Soaps and detergents was reported for this chemical.  Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in liquid, granulated, caked, and flaked washing detergents and personal soaps, dishwashing compounds, presoaks and scouring compounds for commercial and consumer use.  It is expected that these products are widely used by commercial workers, consumers, and children, which may exceed 10,000 people. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."   

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million - 10 million lb)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C17)