Document ID: FMCSA-2013-0106-0004
Agency: fmcsa
Document Type: Notice
Title: Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications: Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders
Posted Date: 2013-07-12T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 134 (Friday, July 12, 2013)]
[Notices]
[Pages 41985-41988]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-16683]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

[Docket No. FMCSA-2013-0106]

Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Epilepsy and 
Seizure Disorders

AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of final disposition.

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SUMMARY: FMCSA announces its decision to grant requests from nine 
individuals for exemptions from the regulatory requirement that 
interstate commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers have ``no established 
medical history or clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or any other 
condition which is likely to cause loss of consciousness or any loss of 
ability to control a CMV.'' The regulation and the associated advisory 
criteria published in the Code of Federal Regulations as the 
``Instructions for Performing and Recording Physical Examinations'' 
have resulted in numerous drivers being prohibited from operating CMVs 
in interstate commerce based on the fact that they have had one or more 
seizures and are taking anti-seizure medication, rather than an 
individual analysis of their circumstances by a qualified medical 
examiner. The Agency concluded that granting exemptions for these CMV 
drivers will provide a level of safety that is equivalent to or greater 
than the level of safety maintained without the exemptions. FMCSA 
grants exemptions that will allow these nine individuals to operate 
CMVs in interstate commerce for a 2-year period. The exemptions preempt 
State laws and regulations and may be renewed.

DATES: The exemptions are effective July 12, 2013. The exemptions 
expire on July 13, 2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elaine M. Papp, Division Chief, 
Physical Qualifications, Office of Medical Programs, (202) 366-4001, 
fmcsamedical@dot.gov, FMCSA, Department of Transportation, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue SE., Room W64-224, Washington, DC 20590-0001. Office 
hours are 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., e.t., Monday through Friday, except 
Federal holidays.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

A. Electronic Access

    You may see all the comments online through the Federal Document 
Management System (FDMS) at: http://www.regulations.gov.

[[Page 41986]]

    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
comments, go to http://www.regulations.gov and/or Room W12-140 on the 
ground level of the West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., 
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., e.t., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays.
    Privacy Act: Anyone may search the electronic form of all comments 
received into any of DOT's dockets by the name of the individual 
submitting the comment (or of the person signing the comment, if 
submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, or other 
entity). You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the 
Federal Register (73 FR 3316, January 17, 2008). This statement is also 
available at http://Docketinfo.dot.gov.

B. Background

    Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315(b), FMCSA may grant an exemption 
from the safety regulations for a 2-year period if it finds ``such 
exemption would likely achieve a level of safety that is equivalent to 
or greater than the level that would be achieved absent such 
exemption.'' The statute also allows the Agency to renew exemptions at 
the end of the 2-year period.
    FMCSA grants nine individuals an exemption from the regulatory 
requirement in Sec.  391.41(b)(8), to allow these individuals who take 
anti-seizure medication to operate CMVs in interstate commerce for a 2-
year period. The Agency's decision on these exemption applications is 
based on an individualized assessment of each applicant's medical 
information, including the root cause of the respective seizure(s), the 
length of time elapsed since the individual's last seizure, and each 
individual's treatment regimen. In addition, the Agency reviewed each 
applicant's driving record found in the CDLIS,\1\ for CDL holders, and 
interstate and intrastate inspections recorded in MCMIS.\2\ The Agency 
acknowledges the potential consequences of a driver experiencing a 
seizure while operating a CMV. However, the Agency believes the drivers 
covered by the exemptions granted here have demonstrated that they are 
unlikely to have a seizure and their medical condition does not pose a 
risk to public safety.
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    \1\ Commercial Driver License Information System (CDLIS) is an 
information system that allows the exchange of commercial driver 
licensing information among all the States. CDLIS includes the 
databases of fifty-one licensing jurisdictions and the CDLIS Central 
Site, all connected by a telecommunications network.
    \2\ Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) is an 
information system that captures data from field offices through 
SAFETYNET, CAPRI, and other sources. It is a source for FMCSA 
inspection, crash, compliance review, safety audit, and registration 
data.
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    In reaching the decision to grant these exemption requests, the 
Agency considered both current medical literature and information and 
the 2007 recommendations of the Agency's Medical Expert Panel (MEP). 
The Agency previously gathered evidence for potential changes to the 
regulation at 49 CFR 391.41(b)(8) by conducting a comprehensive review 
of scientific literature that was compiled into the ``Evidence Report 
on Seizure Disorders and Commercial Vehicle Driving'' (Evidence Report) 
[CD-ROM HD TL230.3 .E95 2007]. The Agency then convened a panel of 
medical experts in the field of neurology (the MEP) on May 14-15, 2007, 
to review 49 CFR 391.41(b)(8) and the advisory criteria regarding 
individuals who have experienced a seizure, and the 2007 Evidence 
Report. The Evidence Report and the MEP recommendations are published 
on-line at http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/rules-regulations/topics/mep/mep-reports.htm, under Seizure Disorders, and are in the docket for this 
notice.

MEP Criteria for Evaluation

    On October 15, 2007, the MEP issued the following recommended 
criteria for evaluating whether an individual with epilepsy or a 
seizure disorder should be allowed to operate a CMV.\3\ The MEP 
recommendations are included in previously published dockets.
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    \3\ Engel, J., Fisher, R.S., Krauss, G.L., Krumholz, A., and 
Quigg, M.S., ``Expert Panel Recommendations: Seizure Disorders and 
Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety,'' FMCSA, October 15, 2007.
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    Epilepsy diagnosis. If there is an epilepsy diagnosis, the 
applicant should be seizure-free for 8 years, on or off medication. If 
the individual is taking anti-seizure medication(s), the plan for 
medication should be stable for 2 years. Stable means no changes in 
medication, dosage, or frequency of medication administration. 
Recertification for drivers with an epilepsy diagnosis should be 
performed every year.
    Single unprovoked seizure. If there is a single unprovoked seizure 
(i.e., there is no known trigger for the seizure), the individual 
should be seizure-free for 4 years, on or off medication. If the 
individual is taking anti-seizure medication(s), the plan for 
medication should be stable for 2 years. Stable means no changes in 
medication, dosage, or frequency of medication administration. 
Recertification for drivers with a single unprovoked seizure should be 
performed every 2 years.
    Single provoked seizure. If there is a single provoked seizure 
(i.e., there is a known reason for the seizure), the Agency should 
consider specific criteria that fall into the following two categories: 
Low-risk factors for recurrence and moderate-to-high risk factors for 
recurrence.
     Examples of low-risk factors for recurrence include 
seizures that were caused by a medication; by non-penetrating head 
injury with loss of consciousness less than or equal to 30 minutes; by 
a brief loss of consciousness not likely to recur while driving; by 
metabolic derangement not likely to recur; and by alcohol or illicit 
drug withdrawal.
     Examples of moderate-to-high-risk factors for recurrence 
include seizures caused by non-penetrating head injury with loss of 
consciousness or amnesia greater than 30 minutes, or penetrating head 
injury; intracerebral hemorrhage associated with a stroke or trauma; 
infections; intracranial hemorrhage; post-operative complications from 
brain surgery with significant brain hemorrhage; brain tumor; or 
stroke.

The MEP report indicates individuals with moderate to high-risk 
conditions should not be certified. Drivers with a history of a single 
provoked seizure with low risk factors for recurrence should be 
recertified every year.

Medical Review Board Recommendations and Agency Decision

    FMCSA presented the MEP's findings and the Evidence Report to the 
Medical Review Board (MRB) for consideration. The MRB reviewed and 
considered the 2007 ``Seizure Disorders and Commercial Driver Safety'' 
evidence report and the 2007 MEP recommendations. The MRB recommended 
maintaining the current advisory criteria, which provide that ``drivers 
with a history of epilepsy/seizures off anti-seizure medication and 
seizure-free for 10 years may be qualified to drive a CMV in interstate 
commerce. Interstate drivers with a history of a single unprovoked 
seizure may be qualified to drive a CMV in interstate commerce if 
seizure-free and off anti-seizure medication for a 5 year period or 
more'' [Advisory criteria to 49 CFR 391.43(f)].
    The Agency acknowledges the MRB's position on the issue but 
believes relevant current medical evidence supports a less conservative 
approach. The medical advisory criteria for epilepsy and other seizure 
or loss of consciousness episodes was based on

[[Page 41987]]

the 1988 ``Conference on Neurological Disorders and Commercial 
Drivers'' (NITS Accession No. PB89-158950/AS). A copy of the report can 
be found in the docket referenced in this notice.
    The MRB's recommendation treats all drivers who have experienced a 
seizure the same, regardless of individual medical conditions and 
circumstances. In addition, the recommendation to continue prohibiting 
drivers who are taking anti-seizure medication from operating a CMV in 
interstate commerce does not consider a driver's actual seizure history 
and time since the last seizure. The Agency has decided to use the 2007 
MEP recommendations as the basis for evaluating applications for an 
exemption from the seizure regulation on an individual, case-by-case 
basis.

C. Exemptions

    Following individualized assessments of the exemption applications, 
including a review of detailed follow-up information requested from 
each applicant, FMCSA is granting exemptions from 49 CFR 391.41(b)(8) 
to 9 individuals. Under current FMCSA regulations, all of the 9 drivers 
receiving exemptions from 49 CFR 391.41(b)(8) would have been 
considered physically qualified to drive a CMV in interstate commerce 
except that they presently take or have recently stopped taking anti-
seizure medication. All but one of the drivers receiving an exemption 
currently take anti-seizure medication. For these 9 drivers, the 
primary obstacle to medical qualification was the FMCSA Advisory 
Criteria for Medical Examiners, based on the 1988 ``Conference on 
Neurological Disorders and Commercial Drivers,'' stating that a driver 
should be off anti-seizure medication in order to drive in interstate 
commerce. In fact, the Advisory Criteria have little if anything to do 
with the actual risk of a seizure and more to do with assumptions about 
individuals who are taking anti-seizure medication.
    In addition to evaluating the medical status of each applicant, 
FMCSA evaluated the crash and violation data for the nine drivers, some 
of whom currently drive a CMV in intrastate commerce. The Commercial 
Driver's License Information System (CDLIS) and the FMCSA Motor Carrier 
Management Information System (MCMIS) were searched for crash and 
violation data on the nine applicants. The crash and violation history 
on each individual driver is listed in his or her biographical profile.
    These exemptions are contingent on the driver maintaining a stable 
treatment regimen and remaining seizure-free during the 2-year 
exemption period. The exempted drivers must submit annual reports from 
their treating physicians attesting to the stability of treatment and 
that the driver has remained seizure-free. The driver must undergo an 
annual medical examination by a medical examiner, as defined by 49 CFR 
390.5, following the FCMSA's regulations for the physical 
qualifications for CMV drivers.
    FMCSA published a notice of receipt of application and requested 
public comment during a 30-day public comment period in a Federal 
Register notice for each of the applicants. A short summary of the 
applicants' qualifications follows. A discussion of the comments 
received follows in section D. Comments. For the applicant who was 
denied an exemption, a notice will be published at a later date.

Docket FMCSA-2013-0106

    On April 24, 2013, FMCSA published a notice of receipt of exemption 
applications and requested public comment on 10 individuals (Docket 
number FMCSA-2013-0106). The comment period ended on May 24, 2013. Two 
commenters responded to the Federal Register notice. A discussion of 
the comments is presented later in this document. FMCSA has determined 
that nine of these applicants should be granted an exemption. The 
Agency will issue a decision on the other driver at a later date.
Steven L. Gordon
    Mr. Gordon is a 57 year-old CMV driver in Montana. He has a history 
of seizures as a result of a head injury in 1986 and his last seizure 
was in 2005. He takes anti-seizure medication with the dosage and 
frequency remaining the same for over 7 years. If granted the 
exemption, he would like to drive a tractor trailer. His physician 
states he is supportive of Mr. Gordon receiving an exemption to operate 
a CMV. Mr. Gordon has no entries in CDLIS or MCMIS within the last 3 
years.
Kevin A. Jandreau
    Mr. Jandreau is a 46 year-old Class A CMV driver in Maine. He has a 
diagnosis of seizure disorder. He has remained seizure free for at 
least 15 years. He takes anti-seizure medication with the dosage and 
frequency remaining the same for 15 years. If granted the exemption, he 
would like to drive a tractor trailer. Mr. Jandreau has no entries in 
CDLIS or MCMIS within the last 3 years.
Jason C. Kirkham
    Mr. Kirkham is a 39 year-old CMV driver in Wisconsin. He has a 
history of seizures and has remained seizure free for 17 years. He 
takes anti-seizure medication with the dosage and frequency remaining 
the same for 17 years. If granted the exemption, he would like to drive 
straight trucks, cranes, or heavy equipment. His physician states he is 
supportive of Mr. Kirkham receiving an exemption. Mr. Kirkham has no 
entries in CDLIS or MCMIS within the last 3 years.
William P. Lago
    Mr. Lago is a 26 year-old driver in Massachusetts. He has a 
diagnosis of epilepsy and has remained seizure free for 8 years. He 
takes anti-seizure medication with the dosage and frequency remaining 
the same since June 2010. If granted the exemption, he would like to 
drive a dump truck. Mr. Lago has no entries in CDLIS or MCMIS within 
the last 3 years.
Michael K. Lail
    Mr. Lail is a 54 year-old CMV driver in North Carolina. He had a 
single post-traumatic seizure 46 years ago and has remained seizure 
free since that time. Mr. Lail has not taken anti-seizure medication 
since July 2012. If granted the exemption, he would like to drive a 
tractor trailer. His physician states he is supportive of Mr. Lail 
receiving an exemption. Mr. Lail has one entry in CDLIS for an accident 
in 2012, not involving a CMV, and no entries in MCMIS within the last 3 
years.
Verbon T. Latta
    Mr. Latta is a 43 year-old driver in Alabama. He has had 2 
seizures, both in May of 2007, 13 days apart while on a new medication 
following back surgery. He has remained seizure free since that time. 
He takes anti-seizure medication with the dosage and frequency 
remaining the same for 6 years. If granted the exemption, he would like 
to drive a tractor trailer. Mr. Latta has no entries in CDLIS or MCMIS 
within the last 3 years.
Jeffrey P. Moore
    Mr. Moore is a 36 year-old driver in New York. He has a diagnosis 
of seizure disorder, and his last seizure was in July of 1999. He has 
remained seizure free since that time. He takes anti-seizure medication 
with the dosage and frequency remaining the same for over 12 years. If 
granted the exemption, he would like to drive a box truck or van. Mr. 
Moore has no entries in CDLIS or MCMIS within the last 3 years.

[[Page 41988]]

Michael E. Righter
    Mr. Righter is a 38 year-old driver in Pennsylvania. Mr. Righter 
has a diagnosis of seizure disorder, and his last seizure was in March 
of 1987. He has remained seizure free since that time. He takes anti-
seizure medication with the dosage and frequency remaining the same for 
over 20 years. If granted the exemption, he would like to drive a Class 
B truck with air brakes. Mr. Righter has no entries in CDLIS or MCMIS 
within the last 3 years.
Douglas S. Slagel
    Mr. Slagel is a 48 year-old CMV driver in Ohio. Mr. Slagel has a 
diagnosis of seizure disorder, and his last seizure was in 1977. He has 
remained seizure free since that time. He takes anti-seizure medication 
with the dosage and frequency remaining the same for over 20 years. If 
granted the exemption, he would like to drive a Class B truck with air 
brakes. His physician is supportive of Mr. Slagel receiving his 
exemption. Mr. Slagel has 2 entries in CDLIS for speeding, not 
involving a CMV, and no entries in MCMIS within the last 3 years.

D. Comments

    In response to the notice, FMCSA received two comments. The one 
comment specific to these applicants is addressed here. Comments that 
relate specifically to applicants other than the ones covered in this 
notice will be addressed in a subsequent notice of denial of 
application.

Public Support for Applicants and the Exemptions

    Jennifer Lail comments that her husband Michael Lail had a seizure 
as a child when he ``collided with another kid on the the playground'' 
and has suffered no seizures since. She states that driving is his 
passion and that he has been driving a truck for the same company since 
1988.

E. Basis for Exemption

    Under 49 U.S.C. 31136(e) and 31315(b), FMCSA may grant an exemption 
from the epilepsy/seizure standard in 49 CFR 391.41(b)(8) if the 
exemption is likely to achieve an equivalent or greater level of safety 
than would be achieved without the exemption. Without the exemption, 
applicants will continue to be restricted to intrastate driving. With 
the exemption, applicants can drive in interstate commerce. Thus, the 
Agency's analysis focuses on whether an equal or greater level of 
safety is likely to be achieved by permitting each of these drivers to 
drive in interstate commerce as opposed to restricting him to driving 
in intrastate commerce.

Conclusion

    The Agency is granting exemptions from the epilepsy standard, 49 
CFR 391.41(b)(8), to nine individuals based on a thorough evaluation of 
each driver's qualifications, safety experience, and medical condition. 
Safety analysis of information relating to these nine applicants meets 
the burden of showing that granting the exemptions would achieve a 
level of safety that is equivalent to or greater than the level that 
would be achieved without the exemption. By granting the exemptions, 
the interstate CMV industry will gain nine highly trained and 
experienced drivers. In accordance with 49 U.S.C. 31315(b)(1), each 
exemption will be valid for 2 years, with annual recertification 
required unless revoked earlier by FMCSA. The exemption will be revoked 
if the following occurs: (1) The person fails to comply with the terms 
and conditions of the exemption; (2) the exemption has resulted in a 
lower level of safety than was maintained prior to being granted; or 
(3) continuation of the exemption would not be consistent with the 
goals and objectives of 49 U.S.C. 31136 and 31315.
    FMCSA exempts the following 9 drivers for a period of 2 years with 
annual medical certification required: Steven Gordon (MT); Kevin 
Jandreau (ME); Jason Kirkham (WI); William Lago (MA); Michael Lail 
(NC); Verbon Latta (AL); Jeffrey Moore (NY); Michael Righter (PA); and 
Douglas Slagel (OH) from the prohibition of CMV operations by persons 
with a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or seizures. If the exemption is 
still in effect at the end of the 2-year period, the person may apply 
to FMCSA for a renewal under procedures in effect at that time.

    Issued on: July 3, 2013.
Anne S. Ferro,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2013-16683 Filed 7-11-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P