Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0007
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-11-17T05:00Z

PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Ammonium
Sulfate
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Ammonium
Sulfate
(
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screening­
level
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
HEALTH
&
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DATA
SUMMARY
DOCUMENT
AMMONIUM
SULFATE
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Prepared
for:

THE
FERTILIZER
INSTITUTE
January
27,
2003
THE
WEINBERG
GROUP
INC.
1220
Nineteenth
St,
NW,
Suite
300
Washington,
DC
20036­
2400
e­
mail
science@
weinberggroup.
com
WASHINGTON
NEW
YORK
SAN
FRANCISCO
BRUSSELS
PARIS
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE..........................................................................................................
8
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................
9
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION....................................................................................
11
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA..............................................................................
14
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.....................................................
18
4.
ECOTOXICITY.........................................................................................................
20
5.
TOXICITY.................................................................................................................
35
6.
REFERENCES
..........................................................................................................
52
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Appendix
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category:
Ammonia,
Aqua
Ammonia,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Urea,
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Thiosulfate,
Diammonium
Phosphate,
and
Monoammonium
Phosphate
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
1
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
scientific
data
compendia,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physicalchemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensible,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide:
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Ammonia
Compounds
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
ammonium
sulfate
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
adequacy
of
the
data
to
sufficiently
characterize
the
category
and
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
ammonium
sulfate
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
adequacy
relies
on
a
category
approach,

1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
the
Data
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
one
or
more
of
the
other
materials
in
the
category
for
those
data
elements
where
no
data
specific
to
ammonium
sulfate
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
of
the
ammonia
compounds
in
the
category.
The
individual
studies
for
ammonium
sulfate
itself
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
each
of
the
ammonia
compounds
in
the
category.
Special
attention
should
be
given
to
the
summary
documents
for
ammonium
thiosulfate.

II.
Rationale
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
The
ammonia
compounds
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
anhydrous
ammonia,
aqua
ammonia,
nitrogen
solutions,
several
ammonium
salts,
di­
and
monoammonium
phosphates,
and
urea.
These
compounds
are
grouped
because
of
chemical
composition
similarities
and
the
dissociation
into
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and/
or
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+).
The
compounds
have
similar
and
generally
predictable
patterns
of
behavior
in
the
environment
as
well
as
toxicological
properties.
The
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
aquatic
organisms
is
highly
dependent
on
physicochemical
factors,
most
notably
pH
because
of
its
importance
in
chemical
speciation
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
The
acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
is
also
influenced
to
a
lesser
degree
by
temperature,
carbon
dioxide,
dissolved
oxygen,
and
salinity.
In
aqueous
solution,
ammonia
exists
primarily
in
two
forms,
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+),
which
are
in
equilibrium
with
each
other
according
to
the
following
established
relationship:

NH3(
aq)
+
H2O
 
NH4
+
+
OH­

In
general,
as
pH
increases,
the
fraction
of
the
total
ammonia
which
is
un­
ionized
increases.
It
is
this
un­
ionized
ammonia
which
is
generally
considered
to
be
the
primary
cause
of
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
Un­
ionized
ammonia
is
more
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
than
the
ammonium
ion
because
the
unionized
form
is
readily
soluble
in
the
lipid
of
the
cell
membrane
and
is
rapidly
absorbed
by
the
gill.
In
contrast,
the
charged
ion
is
not
easily
passed
through
the
charged­
line
hydrophobic
space
in
the
membrane.
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA)
studies
indicate
that
un­
ionized
ammonia
is
190
times
more
toxic
to
guppies
than
ammonium
ion
(
USEPA
1985;
1998).

Multiple
EPA
studies
in
aquatic
systems
have
shown
that
over
the
pH
range
of
6.5­
9.0,
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
increases
as
the
pH
decreases
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
At
lower
pH
values,
this
can
be
attributed
to
either
the
increased
hydrogen
ion
concentration
increasing
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
or
that
the
ammonium
ion
is
exerting
some
level
of
toxicity
at
the
lower
pH
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
However,
it
would
be
an
oversimplification
to
attribute
the
toxic
action
to
only
the
ammonium
ion
at
low
pH
and
to
only
un­
ionized
ammonium
at
high
pH
because
most
likely
both
forms
participate
when
total
ammonia
concentration
is
high
enough
to
cause
toxicity
symptoms
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
To
incorporate
this,
a
joint
toxicity
model
has
been
proposed,
with
ammonium
causing
most
toxicity
at
high
pH
values
and
ammonium
ion
also
contributing
to
toxicity
at
lower
pH
values
(
Erickson
1985;
Ankley
3
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
1995).
This
is
supported
through
studies
demonstrating
that
at
low
pH
a
new
inward
flux
of
ammonium
ion
can
occur
across
the
gills
of
aquatic
species
(
Evans
and
Cameron
1986;
Ankley
1995).
Still,
under
most
environmental
conditions,
the
un­
ionized
ammonia
concentration
is
the
primary
driver
of
toxicity.

In
mammalian
systems,
the
un­
ionized
ammonia
again
is
the
primary
toxic
agent,
based
on
the
pH­
dependency
of
its
distribution
(
i.
e.,
NH3
diffuses
more
easily
than
NH4+).
It
should
be
noted
that
due
to
the
pH
of
most
biological
systems,
ammonia
typically
exists
in
the
ionized
form
in
the
body.
Nitrate
(
NO2,
a
microbial
degradate
of
NH3)
however,
can
play
a
more
important
role
in
toxicity
in
mammalian
systems
than
in
aquatic
systems.

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
Detailed
data
summaries
for
ammonium
sulfate
are
included
in
subsequent
sections
of
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
Document
for
Ammonium
Sulfate.
These
data
are
briefly
summarized
here.
While
ammonia
compounds
may
exist
as
gases
(
e.
g.,
anhydrous
ammonia),
much
of
the
aquatic
testing
must,
by
necessity,
be
conducted
on
ammonia
in
the
form
of
a
liquid
(
e.
g.,
NH4Cl
is
commonly
used
in
aquatic
testing).
Gaseous
ammonia
was
used
for
inhalation
testing
of
mammals,
with
ammonia
salts
(
e.
g.,
NH4OCOCH3)
often
used
for
testing
by
other
routes.

Physical­
Chemical
Data
The
density
of
gaseous
ammonia
is
0.696
g/
L
at
20
º
C
and
therefore
is
lighter
than
air.
Liquid
ammonia
is
lighter
than
water,
with
a
density
of
682
g/
L
as
reported
in
Constable
et
al.
(
1999).
With
solubility
values
ranging
from
around
510
to
1,920
g/
L,
ammonia
compounds
are
readily
soluble
in
water,
where
they
ionize
to
form
NH4
+
under
most
environmental
conditions.
Aqueous
and
anhydrous
ammonia
are
volatile,
as
shown
by
their
high
vapor
pressures
(
2,159
and
7,600
mm
Hg
at
25
°
C,
respectively).
The
salts
of
ammonia
are
less
volatile.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Because
of
its
high
volatility,
anhydrous
and
aqua
ammonia
are
more
likely
to
be
present
in
the
atmosphere
or
used
by
biological
organisms.
Of
the
fraction
not
taken
up
by
row
crops,
most
of
the
ammonia
released
from
fertilizer
goes
to
the
air
rather
than
to
surface
or
ground
water.
The
high
solubility
of
the
other
ammonia
compounds
suggests
that
at
the
pH
of
most
biological
systems
ammonia
exists
predominantly
in
the
ionized
form
(
NH4
+).
The
fate
of
ammonia
is
driven
by
its
important
role
in
the
nitrogen
cycle,
including
relatively
rapid
assimilation
and
degradation
by
living
organisms.
The
nitrogen
cell
is
well
known
(
e.
g.,
see
www.
geog.
ouc.
bc.
ca/
physgeog/
contents/
9s.
html).
4
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ecotoxicity
Acute
96­
hour
LC50
values
for
fish
from
the
literature
range
from
0.08­
3.51
mg
unionized
NH3/
L,
and
from
about
13
to
over
500
mg
total
NH3/
L.
1
Numerous
differences
between
studies
easily
account
for
the
variability
observed
in
acute
toxicity,
among
them
test
species,
age
of
test
subjects,
test
type
(
static
or
flow­
through),
temperature,
and
most
notably,
pH.
In
addition
to
these
literature
values,
acute
fish
studies
were
conducted
under
Good
Laboratory
Practice
(
GLP)
conditions
on
nitrogen
solutions
(
as
UAN),
ammonium
phosphate
sulfate,
and
monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP).
No
lethal
or
sublethal
effects
were
observed
in
any
of
these
studies
at
nominal
concentrations
up
to
100
mg
total
NH3/
L
(
measured
concentrations
of
85­
107
mg
total
NH3/
L),
which
were
the
highest
concentrations
tested.
A
similar
range
of
literature
values
was
found
with
Daphnia
and
other
aquatic
invertebrates
(
EC50
=
0.19­
22.84
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L).
Algae
can
tolerate
relatively
high
aqueous
ammonia
concentrations,
as
they
readily
assimilate
the
nitrogen,
and
phosphorus
in
the
case
of
MAP
and
DAP.
Response
of
aquatic
organisms
to
chronic
exposures
of
ammonia
compounds
is
similar
to
the
acute
effects.
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
may
be
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
In
addition,
high
concentrations
of
ammonia
affects
photosynthetic
and
respiratory
pathways
in
terrestrial
plants
and
may
result
in
foliar
necrosis.

Mammalian
Toxicity
Acute
toxicity
The
oral
route
is
not
an
applicable
route
of
exposure
for
anhydrous
ammonia
(
a
gas).
Reported
acute
oral
LD50
values
for
ammonia
compounds
ranged
from
350­
14,300
mg/
kg
body
weight
(
bw),
primarily
in
rats
and
mice,
with
ammonium
sulfate
having
the
most
variability.
Inhalation
toxicity
data
are
available
for
anhydrous
ammonia
and
several
ammonium
salts,
and
indicate
a
lack
of
systemic
toxicity
by
this
route
of
exposure.
Dermal
studies
are
available
for
ammonium
sulfate
and
ammonium
nitrate
and
report
acute
LD50
values
of
>
2,000
and
>
5000
mg/
kg
bw,
respectively.
To
supplement
the
acute
studies
available
in
the
literature
for
members
of
the
ammonia
category,
additional
1
Ammonia
toxicity
values
may
be
reported
as
"
un­
ionized
NH3/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
the
compound),
as
"
un­
ionized
NH3­
N/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
only
the
nitrogen
portion
of
the
compound),
or
as
"
total
NH3/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
both
the
un­
ionized
and
ionized
compounds).
5
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
acute
studies
were
conducted
with
ammonium
nitrate
(
dermal),
ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
(
oral),
DAP
(
oral
and
dermal),
and
MAP
(
oral
and
dermal).
All
of
these
studies,
which
were
conducted
using
OECD
protocols
under
GLP
conditions,
resulted
in
no
signs
of
lethal
or
sublethal
toxicity
at
doses
equal
to
2000
mg/
kg
bw
(
for
the
oral
studies)
and
5000
mg/
kg
bw
(
for
the
dermal
studies).
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Genotoxicity
Literature
data
for
anhydrous
ammonia
and
ammonium
sulfate
indicated
no
evidence
for
mutagenicity.
Additional
bacterial
(
Ames
test)
and
non­
bacterial
(
CHO
chromosome
aberration
test)
in
vitro
genotoxicity
studies
were
conducted
on
ammonium
thiosulfate
and
DAP
under
GLP
conditions.
In
all
cases
the
results
were
negative,
indicating
no
evidence
of
genotoxicity
for
ammonia
compounds.

Repeated
dose
and
developmental
toxicity
No
mortality
was
observed
in
repeat
dose
inhalation
studies
in
rats,
guinea
pigs,
rabbits,
dogs
and
monkeys
at
anhydrous
ammonia
concentrations
up
to
770
mg
total
NH3/
m3,
although
reported
sublethal
effects
included
nasal,
eye
and
skin
irritation
and
inflammation.
A
one­
generation
reproduction
study
in
which
pigs
were
exposed
to
ammonia
from
manure
pits
resulted
in
no
significant
effects
on
onset
of
puberty
or
litter
size.
Repeat
dose
studies
on
ammonium
nitrate
and
urea
indicate
low
acute
toxicity.
Reproductive
and
developmental
toxicity
studies
conducted
on
these
two
compounds
and
urea
indicate
no
toxic
effects
to
rats,
mice
and
hamsters.
In
addition,
a
combined
protocol
(
OECD
422)
study
that
evaluates
repeat
dose
exposures
as
well
as
reproductive
and
developmental
endpoints
was
conducted
on
DAP
under
GLP
conditions.
Results
show
no
mortality
in
rats
given
doses
by
gavage
up
to
1,500
mg/
kg
bw
d.
Some
treatment­
related
effects
on
haematology
were
evident,
and
bodyweight
gain
was
temporarily
reduced
in
the
high
dose
group,
after
which
they
regained
normal
weight
gain
levels.
No
treatment­
related
deaths
or
signs
of
clinical
toxicity
were
observed.
Mating
performance,
fertility,
and
offspring
all
were
unaffected
by
parental
exposure
to
DAP.
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
Several
of
the
compounds
in
the
ammonia
category
have
been
extensively
studied.
Most
notably,
anhydrous
ammonia
has
an
essentially
complete
database
that
includes
several
published
reviews
(
e.
g.,
ATSDR
1990;
Constable
et
al.
1999;
Clement
1990;
Ecological
Analysts
1981;
NRC
1979;
USEPA
1985
and
1998;
and
WHO
1986).
The
database
for
ammonium
nitrate
is
also
largely
complete.
A
SIDS
dossier
for
urea
has
been
accepted
as
final
by
the
OECD.
Furthermore,
additional
studies
have
been
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
to
address
key
endpoints
for
all
of
the
ammonia
category
compounds.
Consequently,
sufficient
data
are
available
to
characterize
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
ammonia
category.
Therefore,
additional
testing
is
not
needed
to
assess
the
hazards
of
these
chemicals.
7
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
represented
largely
by
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
dossier.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
and
Disease
Registry
(
ATSDR).
1990.
Toxicological
Profile
for
Ammonia.

Ankley,
G.
T.,
Schubauer­
Berigan,
and
Monson,
P.
D.
1995.
Influence
of
pH
and
hardness
on
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
the
amphipod
Hyalella
azteca.
Can.
J.
Fish.
Aquat.
Sci.
52:
2078­
2083.

Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.

Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.,
McLeron,
J.
Craig,
G.,
and
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act,
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.

Ecological
Analysts,
Inc.
1981.
The
Sources,
Chemistry,
Fate,
and
Effects
of
Ammonia
in
Aquatic
Environments.
Washington,
D.
C.
American
Petroleum
Institute.

Erickson,
R.
J.
1985.
An
evaluation
of
mathematical
models
for
the
effects
of
pH
and
temperature
on
ammonia
toxicity
to
aquatic
organisms.
Water
Res.
19:
1047­
1058.

Evans,
D.
E.
and
Cameron,
J.
N.
1986.
Gill
ammonia
transport.
J.
Exp.
Zool.
239:
17­
23.

National
Research
Council
(
NRC).
1979.
Ammonia.
Subcommittee
on
Ammonia.
Committee
on
Medical
and
Biologic
Effects
of
Environmental
Pollutants.
Division
of
Medical
Sciences,
Assembly
of
Life
Sciences.
National
Research
Council.
Baltimore:
University
Park
Press.
NTIS
No.
PB
278­
027.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1985.
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia
 
1984.
Office
of
Water
Regulations
and
Standards,
Criteria
and
Standards
Division.
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA­
504/
5­
85­
006.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1998.
1998
Update
of
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia.
Office
of
Water,
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA
822­
R­
98­
008.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gove/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.

World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva"
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
9
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
7783­
20­
2
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Ammonium
Sulfate
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Ammonium
Sulfate
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
(
NH4)
2SO4
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
N/
A
1.5
QUANTITY
>
1,000,000
tonnes
per
annum
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Ammonium
sulfate
is
used
as
a
fertilizer,
synthesis
of
basic
chemicals,
leather
processing,
pulp
and
paperboard,
textile
processing,
pharmaceuticals,
and
food/
food
stuff
additives.
1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Low
human
exposure
is
expected
because
ammonium
sulfate
is
manufactured
in
closed
systems.
Exposure
to
dusts
and
direct
contact
with
the
material
is
possible
during
fertilizer
applications.
ISSUES
FOR
DISCUSSION
The
data
for
ammonium
sulfate
should
be
evaluated
in
combination
with
the
other
materials
in
the
ammonia
category.
10
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2003
AMMONIUM
SULFATE
(
CAS
NO.
7783­
20­
2)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
235­
512oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
872
oC
2.3
Density
1.77
g/
mL
at
20
oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
5.1
2.6A
Water
Solubility
7.5
x
105
mg/
L
at
20
oC
2.6B
pH
value
5.0
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
if
mixed
with
oxidizers
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
See
Appendix
B
results*
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,
Fugacity
Level
III
0.0156%
to
air
44.1%
to
water
55.8%
to
soil
0.0754%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Coho
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
large
mouth
bass,
bluegill,
fathead
minnow,
etc.
24­
96
hrs
LC50
=
90
­
>
1,500
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
50­
96
hrs
LC50
>
433
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
62
mg/
L
Snails,
worm
48­
96
hrs
LC50
>
100­
700
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
NOEC
=
250
mg
N/
L
Various
17
days
NOEC
=
50
µ
g
NH4­
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
Microtox
EC50
=
1.49
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Rainbow
trout
12
&
35
days
LC50
=
0.26­
0.68
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
Pink
salmon
21,
40
&
61
days
NOEC
=
1.2
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
Channel
catfish
6
months
LOEC
=
100­
500
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
See
Appendix
B
results*

*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
ammonia
category.
11
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
AMMONIUM
SULFATE
(
CAS
NO.
7783­
20­
2)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
>
2,000­
4,250
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
640
mg/
kg
bw
Goat
LD50
=
3,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
Rabbit
1
hr
LD50
>
2,200
µ
g/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat,
mouse
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,
Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.094
mg
NH4SO3­
N
Mouse
i.
p.
LD50
=
610
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
No
data
available
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
Rat
Inhalation;
8
months
Mild
&
transient
effects
at
0.5
mg/
m3.
See
text.
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
401
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Chicken
eggs
NOAEL
>
10
mg/
egg
5.10
Additional
Information
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
ammonia
category.
12
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
CAS
number
7783­
20­
2
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Ammonium
sulfate
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Ammonium
sulfate
D.
CAS
Descriptor
Ammonium
sulfate
E.
EINECS
Number
231­
984­
1
F.
Molecular
Formula
H8N2O4S
G.
Structural
Formula
(
NH4)
2SO4
SMILES:
N(
H)(
H)(
H)(
H)
OS(=
O)(=
O)
ON(
H)(
H)(
H)(
H)

H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
I.
Substance
Remark
None
J.
Molecular
Weight
132.14
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
B.
Lead
Organization
Name
of
Lead
Organization:
Not
applicable
C.
Name
of
Responder
Name:
Mr.
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
DC
20002
USA
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202)
962­
0577
13
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]
B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
];
solid
[
X]

C.
Purity
Pure
grade
>
99%;
ammonium
sulfate
is
approximately
21%
nitrogen.

1.2
SYNONYMS
Ammonium
sulphate
Diammonium
sulfate
Sulfuric
acid,
diammonium
salt
1.3
IMPURITIES
Remarks:
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
Remarks:
None
identified
1.5
QUANTITY
Remarks:
>
1,000,000
tonnes
per
annum
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
Remarks:
No
specific
labeling
identified
14
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
use
industrial
Agricultural
industry
use
Fertilizer
(
b)
main
Wide
dispersive
and
non
dispersive
uses
industrial
Chemical
and
other
industries
use
Non
fertilizer
uses
include
synthesis
of
basic
chemicals,
leather
processing,
pulp
and
paperboard,
textile
processing,
pharmaceuticals,
and
food/
food
stuff
additives.

Remarks:
Ammonium
sulfate
was
once
the
leading
form
of
nitrogen
fertilizer,
but
it
now
supplies
a
relatively
small
percentage
in
the
world
because
of
the
more
rapid
growth
in
use
of
urea,
ammonium
nitrate,
UAN,
and
anhydrous
ammonia.
Reference:
1)
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
2)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
Function
Amount
present
Baked
goods
0.033%
Gelatin,
pudding,
vanilla
sauce
0.075%

Remarks:
Small
amounts
are
used
in
pharmaceuticals
and
in
food/
food
stuff
additives
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
Exposure
limit
value
Type:
OSHA
PEL
Value:
15
mg/
m3
total
dust;
5
mg/
m3
respirable
fraction.
Remark:
No
specific
limit
has
been
set,
however,
the
federal
OSHA
PEL
for
particulates
not
otherwise
regulated
15
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
applies
to
all
fertilizer
dusts.
Regulated
limits
may
vary
in
local
jurisdictions
1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Ammonium
sulfate
can
be
absorbed
into
the
body
by
inhalation
of
its
aerosol
and
by
ingestion,
although
significant
human
and
environmental
exposures
during
manufacture
are
unlikely
if
the
process
is
well
managed.
Engineering
controls
such
as
mechanical
ventilation,
process
or
personnel
enclosure,
control
of
process
conditions,
and
process
modifications
significantly
reduce
exposure.
Local
exhaust
(
ventilation)
control
as
close
to
the
point
of
generation
is
both
the
most
economical
and
safest
method
to
minimize
personnel
exposure
to
airborne
concentrations.
Personal
protective
equipment
includes
neoprene
or
nitrile
gloves,
dusk
masks
or
fume
hoods
as
appropriate,
chemical
safety
goggles,
and
impervious
apron,
sleeves
and
boots.
Field
exposure
to
workers
is
possible
when
handling
and
using
on
farms
as
a
fertilizer.
However,
fertilizers
are
applied
by
mechanical
spreaders,
which
reduces
contact
exposure.
Environmental
releases
are
controlled
at
the
manufacturing
plant.
Gaseous
emissions
are
low
due
to
use
of
scrubbers
and
liquid
effluent
is
recovered
as
much
as
possible.
Exposure
to
environmental
receptors
is
dependent
on
the
amount
used
as
fertilizer
on
fields,
the
climatic
conditions,
and
the
hydrological
conditions
of
the
area
of
application.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
Remarks:
Ammonium
sulfate
must
be
disposed
of
in
accordance
with
federal,
state
and
local
environmental
control
regulations.
References:
Mallinckrodt­
Baker.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet.
Ammonium
Sulfate
No.
A6192.
Effective
11/
17/
99.

2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
MELTING
POINT
(
a)
16
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Value:
235oC;
280oC;
350oC
Decomposition:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
Ambiguous
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
]
Remarks:
UNIDO
and
IFDC
report
that
ammonium
sulfate
decomposes
above
280oC.
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
Several
sources
cited.
3)
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.
4)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

(
b)
Value:
512.2oC
Method:
Not
specified
Reference:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

2.2
BOILING
POINT
Value:
872
°
C
Method:
Estimated
(
Adapted
Stein
&
Brown
Method)
 
EPI
Suite
V
3.10
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Remarks:
UNIDO
and
IFDC
report
that
ammonium
sulfate
decomposes
above
280
º
C,
therefore
the
accuracy
of
this
estimated
value
is
questionable.
References:
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
2000.
EPI
Suite
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.

2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)

(
a)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
1.77
g/
mL
Temperature:
50
°
C
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
17
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.

(
b)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
1.769
g/
mL
Temperature:
20
°
C
References:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
Log
Pow:
­
5.1
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Calculated
[
];
Measured
[
X]
OECD
Guideline
107
"
Partition
Coefficient"
(
noctanol
water).
Flask
shaking
method.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Remarks:
The
OECD
method
applies
only
to
pure,
water
soluble
substances
which
do
not
dissociate
or
associate
and
which
are
not
surface
active.
Therefore,
the
validity
of
this
method
for
ammonia
sulfate
is
uncertain.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
A.
Solubility
(
a)
Value:
7.06
x
105
mg/
L;
7.5
x
105
mg/
L;
7.7
x105
mg/
L;
1.04
x
106
mg/
L
Temperature:
0
°
C,
20
°
C,
25
°
C,
100
°
C
Description:
Miscible
[
];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
18
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Insoluble
in
acetone,
alcohol,
and
ammonia.
References:
Lide,
D.
R.
1992.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
Boston:
CRC
Press.

(
b)
Value:
7.06
x
104
mg/
L;
1.04
x
105
mg/
L
Temperature:
0oC;
100oC
Description:
Miscible
[
];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
Reference:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

B.
pH
Value,
pKa
Value
pH
Value:
5.0
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
applicable
2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Not
flammable
References:
1)
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
2)
Mallinckrodt­
Baker.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
No.
A6192.
Effective
Date
11/
17/
99.

2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Remarks:
Not
flammable
19
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
References:
1)
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
2)
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
Mallinckrodt­
Baker.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
No.
A6192.
Effective
Date
11/
17/
99.

2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
May
explode
if
mixed
with
oxidizers,
such
as
potassium
nitrate,
potassium
nitrite,
and
potassium
chlorate.
References:
1)
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
2)
Mallinckrodt­
Baker.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
No.
A6192.
Effective
Date
11/
17/
99.

2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Results:
No
oxidizing
properties
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
3.1
STABILITY
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
Not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism
3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
No
data
available
20
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)

Remarks:
No
data
available
3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Method:
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
Mass
Distribution
by
Environmental
Compartment:
Air
0.0156%
Water
44.1%
Soil
55.8%
Sediment
0.0754%
References:
USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.5
BIODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
21
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Remarks:
Ammonium
sulfate
has
low
bioaccumulation
potential
3.8
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
Remarks:
No
data
available
4.
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Lebistes
reticulatus
(
Guppy)
Exposure
period:
96­
h
Results:
LC50
=
592
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Fish
were
acclimated
for
10
days
in
10­
L
glass
aquaria
at
pH
8.1­
8.4
and
18.5­
23.5oC.
Fish
were
exposed
to
ascending
concentrations
of
ammonium
sulfate
(
300
to
900
ppm)
in
batches
of
10.
Solutions
were
renewed
on
alternate
days.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
Mortality,
defined
as
median
tolerance
limits
(
TLm),
were
determined
at
24,
48,
72
and
96
hours.
No
mortality
occurred
at
300
ppm
even
after
7
days.
Complete
mortality
occurred
at
900
ppm
ammonium
sulfate.
Toxicity
symptoms
included
a
high
metabolic
rate,
reddish
gills
due
to
hemorrhage,
and
sluggish
movement.
The
toxicity
of
ammonium
sulfate
depends
on
the
concentration
of
free
un­
ionized
ammonia,
which
tends
to
increase
in
alkaline
medium.
References:
Chouhan,
M.
S.
and
Pandey,
A.
K.
1987.
On
the
tolerance
limits
and
toxicity
symptoms
of
guppy
(
Lebistes
reticulatus)
to
fertilizers:
urea
and
ammonium
sulphate.
12(
2):
77­
80.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Pimephales
promelas
(
Fathead
minnow)
Exposure
Period:
96­
h
Results:
LC50
>
100
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
22
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Method:
Test
chambers
contained
20­
L
of
test
solution
at
pH
7.4
and
buffered
with
NaOH
or
H2SO4.
Ten
individuals
were
placed
in
each
jar.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
develop
a
cost­
effective
procedure
for
measuring
the
acute
aquatic
effects
of
a
single
test
chemical
on
seven
aquatic
species
simultaneously.
Reference:
Ewell,
W.
S.,
Gorsuch,
J.
W.,
Kringle,
R.
O.,
Robillard,
K.
A.,
and
Spiegel,
R.
C.
1986.
Simultaneous
evaluation
of
the
acute
effects
of
chemicals
on
seven
aquatic
species.
Environ.
Toxicol.
Chem.
5:
831­
840.

(
c)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Oncorhynchus
kisutch
(
Coho
salmon),
Salmo
gairdneri
(
Rainbow
trout),
Pimephales
promelas
(
Fathead
minnows),
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
Bluegills),
Micropterus
salmoides
(
Largemouth
bass)
Exposure
Period:
96
hour
Results:
LC50
(
Coho
salmon
fry;
11oC)
=
90­
580
mg/
L
LC50
(
Coho
salmon
fingerling;
11oC)
=
1,000­>
1,500
mg/
L
LC50
(
Rainbow
trout
fry;
11oC)
=
150­
700
mg/
L
LC50
(
Rainbow
trout
fingerling;
11oC)
=
1,000
mg/
L
LC50
(
Fathead
minnow;
21oC)
=
940­>
1,000
mg/
L
LC50
(
Bluegills;
21oC)
>
1,500
mg/
L
LC50
(
Largemouth
bass;
21oC)
=
1,160­>
1,500
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Static
tests
were
performed
in
reconstituted
water
with
a
pH
of
7.4.
Fish
were
acclimated
for
at
least
14
days
before
testing.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Chemical
forest
fire
retardant
formulations:
Fire­
Trol
100
and
Fire­
Trol
931
(
ammonium
sulfate
or
polyphosphate
with
an
attapulgite
thickener),
and
Phos­
Chek
202
and
Phos­
Chek
259
(
diammonium
phosphate
with
a
guargum
derivative
thickener).
Remarks:
In
all
formulations,
the
toxic
effects
generally
manifested
within
the
first
24
h
of
exposure
and
the
LC50
values
at
24
and
96
h
were
not
substantially
different.
The
primary
contributor
to
the
acute
toxicity
of
the
compounds
is
believed
to
be
un­
ionized
ammonia.
Reference:
Johnson,
W.
W.
and
Sanders,
H.
O.
1977.
Chemical
forest
fire
retardants:
Acute
toxicity
to
five
freshwater
fishes
and
a
scud.
Technical
Papers
of
the
U.
S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service.

(
d)
23
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Labeo
rohita,
Catla
catla,
Cirrhinus
mrigala,
Cyprinus
carpio,
and
Tilapia
mossambica
Exposure
Period:
96­
h
Results:
96
h
LC50
(
ppm)
for
fingerlings
Species
(
NH4)
2SO4
Urea
SSP
M
of
P
Lime
L.
rohita
67
550
3460
1030
955
C.
catla
48
1340
2620
1310
507
C.
mrigala
62
1080
1560
125
675
C.
carpio
141
1000
3900
1590
1070
T.
mossambica
50
1340
5900
1010
1145
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Hatchlings
were
acclimated
for
2­
h
to
the
laboratory
conditions.
Tests
were
run
in
15­
L
aquaria
for
fingerlings
and
in
500­
mL
beakers
for
hatchlings
generally
following
the
methods
of
American
Public
Health
Association.
Standard
Methods
for
the
Examination
of
Water
and
Wastewater.
1975.
Two
to
4
fingerlings
were
in
each
aquarium,
with
8
to
16
fishes
per
concentration.
Each
beaker
had
25
hatchlings.
Tests
were
performed
at
30.8oC
using
unchlorinated
borehole
water
with
a
pH
of
7.5.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Commercial
grade
fertilizers
consisting
of
either
urea,
ammonium
sulfate,
single
superphosphate,
muriate
of
potash
(
commercial
potassium
chloride),
or
lime
fertilizers.
Remarks:
Fish
were
generally
tolerant
of
fertilizers.
Ammonium
sulfate
was
the
most
toxic
to
fish
and
single
super
phosphate
the
least.
Hatchlings
were
more
susceptible
to
(
NH4)
2SO4
than
fingerlings
of
the
same
fish
species.
But
hatchlings
were
more
resistant
than
fingerlings
when
exposed
to
potash,
lime,
urea
or
superphosphate.
At
the
high
rate
of
480
kg/
ha
(
NH4)
2SO4,
fish
exhibited
an
erratic
swimming
pattern,
rapid
opercular
movement,
heavy
mucus
secretion,
rupture
of
blood
vessels
in
the
buccal
cavity
and
gills,
and
respiratory
distress.
Reference:
Konar,
S.
K.
and
Sarkar,
S.
K.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
agricultural
fertilizers
to
fishes.
Geobios.
10:
6­
9.

(
e)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Alburnus
alburnus
(
Bleak)
Exposure
Period:
96
hour
24
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Results:
LC50
=
310
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Fish
were
not
fed
during
the
test
period.
The
tests
were
carried
out
in
at
least
six
concentrations
and
one
control,
with
10
fish
at
each
concentration.
Fish
were
acclimated
for
at
least
two
weeks
prior
to
the
experiments
and
fed
once
a
day
until
48
hours
prior
to
the
tests.
Water
for
the
fish
was
maintained
at
pH
7.8
and
10oC.
The
fish
were
tested
in
60­
L
of
brackish
water
in
70­
L
aquaria.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4;
purity
99.5%
Reference:
1)
Bengtsson,
B.
E.
and
Tarkpea,
M.
1983.
The
acute
aquatic
toxicity
of
some
substances
carried
by
ships.
Marine
Pollution
Bulletin.
14:
213­
214.
2)
Linden,
E.,
Bengtsson,
B.
E.,
Svanberg,
O.,
Sundstrom,
G.
1979.
The
acute
toxicity
of
78
chemicals
and
pesticide
formulations
against
two
brackish
water
organisms,
the
bleak
(
Alburnus
alburnus)
and
the
harpacticoid
(
Nitocra
spinipes).
Chemosphere.
11/
12:
843­
851.

(
f)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Salmo
salar
(
Atlantic
salmon)
Exposure
Period:
96
hr
Results:
LC50
(
mean
pH
6.05
and
mean
12.5­
17.1oC)
=
0.091­
0.111
mg
un­
ionized
NH3­
N/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
The
fish
were
acclimated
for
at
least
2
weeks
to
the
control
water
quality
and
stocking
conditions
before
being
used
in
experiments.
Each
aquarium
had
10
fish.
The
tests
were
conducted
in
twelve
40­
L
glass
aquaria
filled
with
30
L
of
test
solution.
The
fish
were
not
fed
during
temperature
acclimation
(
24
hours)
and
the
96­
hr
test
period.
The
pH
was
adjusted
using
NaOH
or
H2SO4.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
behavior
of
intoxicated
fish
consisted
of
coughing,
hyperventilation
followed
by
sporadic
ventilation,
twisting,
loss
of
equilibrium
and
spiral
swimming,
convulsions
and
death
following
a
coma­
like
state.
The
96
hr
LC50
values
were
determined
for
various
pH
(
6.00­
6.45)
and
temperatures
(
1.8­
17.8oC).
Mean
LC50
increased
from
0.031
to
0.111
mg
un­
ionized
NH3­
N/
L
at
mean
pH
6.0
as
temperature
increased
from
2.1oC
to
17.1oC.
Similarly,
at
mean
pH
6.45,
mean
LC50
increased
from
0.030
to
0.146
mg
NH3­
N/
L
as
temperature
increased
from
1.8oC
to
12.5oC.
25
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Reference:
Knoph,
M.
B.
1992.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
Atlantic
Salmon
(
Salmo
salar)
parr.
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
101C:
275­
282.

(
g)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
X];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha
(
Pink
salmon)
Exposure
Period:
96
hour
and
other
(
see
methods)
Results:
LC50
=
0.083
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Three
types
of
tests
were
conducted:
(
1)
Eyed
eggs,
alevins,
and
fry
were
exposed
in
separate
tests
to
shortterm
high
concentrations
of
ammonia
(>
50
ppb)
in
static
systems
to
determine
the
sensitivity
of
each
early
life
stage.
(
2)
Alevins
were
exposed
at
different
developmental
stages
to
low
concentrations
of
ammonia
(<
3
ppb)
in
flow­
through
systems
for
up
to
61
days
to
determine
the
effect
of
long­
term
exposures
on
size
of
emerging
fry.
(
3)
Alevins
were
exposed
to
high
concentrations
of
ammonia
(
30­
150
ppb)
in
flowthrough
systems
for
24
hours
to
determine
whether
ammonia
would
cause
emergence
of
immature
fry.
Eggs,
alevins,
and
fry
were
also
exposed
to
static
solutions
of
ammonium
sulfate
for
96
hours
in
freshwater
at
pH
of
6.3­
6.5
and
3.7­
4.8oC.
Each
test
group
consisted
of
twenty­
five
individuals.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
Late
alevins
(
completion
of
yolk
absorption)
were
the
most
sensitive
and
had
the
lowest
96­
h
LC50
values.
Concentrations
as
low
as
1.2
ppb
reduced
fry
weight
in
the
61
day
exposures.
Only
levels
>
10
ppb
stimulated
early
emergence
of
immature
fry.
Reference:
Rice,
S.
D.
and
Bailey,
J.
E.
1980.
Survival,
size,
and
emergence
of
pink
salmon,
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha,
alevins
after
short­
and
long­
term
exposures
to
ammonia.
Fishery
Bulletin.
78:
641­
648.

(
h)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Ictalurus
punctatus
(
channel
catfish)
Exposure
Period:
24
hour
Results:
LC50
(
NH4Cl)
=
0.74,
1.04,
1.45
and
1.91
mg
un­
ionized
NH3­
N/
L
for
pH
6.0,
7.2,
8.0
and
8.8,
respectively.
LC50((
NH4)
2SO4)
=
0.81,
1.16,
1.75
and
2.24
mg
unionized
NH3­
N/
L
for
pH
6.0,
7.2,
8.0
and
8.8,
respectively.
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
26
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Method:
A
total
of
8
static
acute
toxicity
tests
were
conducted.
Fish
were
acclimated
for
at
least
2
weeks
prior
to
testing.
Feeding
was
stopped
one
week
before
use
in
tests.
The
110­
L
aquaria
held
80­
L
of
21oC
water
at
various
pHs
(
6.0,
7.2,
8.0,
8.8).
Each
exposure
group
consisted
of
10
fish.
Buffers
were
added
and
fish
acclimated
for
24
hours
before
ammonia
(
as
NH4Cl
or
(
NH4)
2SO4)
was
added.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
chloride
(
NH4Cl)
and
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
Fish
exposed
to
NH4­
N
concentrations
up
to
1,787
mg
NH4­
N/
L
(
ionized)
for
24
hours
suffered
no
mortality.
The
LC50s
for
NH4Cl
were
lower
(
i.
e.,
more
toxic)
than
those
for
(
NH4)
2SO4
at
each
experimental
pH.
Reference:
Sheehan,
R.
J.
and
Lewis,
W.
M.
1986.
Influence
of
pH
and
ammonia
salts
on
ammonia
toxicity
and
water
balance
in
young
channel
catfish.
Transactions
of
the
American
Fisheries
Society.
115:
891­
899.

(
i)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
X];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Salmo
gairdneri
(
Rainbow
trout)
Exposure
Period:
96
hour
Results:
LC50
mean
range
=
0.163­
1.09
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
11­
48
mg
total
ammonia­
N/
L)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
A
total
of
86
acute
flow­
through
tests
were
conducted,
ranging
in
duration
from
96
hours
to
35
days.
Five
test
tanks
and
a
control
were
used
for
each
test.
Fish
were
acclimated
to
the
tanks
for
at
least
2
days,
except
for
5
tests
with
1­
day
acclimation
periods.
Fish
ages
ranged
from
1
day
old
fry
(<
1
g)
to
4
year
old
adults
(
2.6
g).
Tanks
with
smaller
fish
had
a
water
flow
rate
of
500
mL
every
2­
3
minutes;
replacement
time
was
about
5
hours,
and
full
concentration
was
reached
within
18
hours.
Tanks
with
larger
fish
had
a
water
flow
of
0.5­
5
L/
minute
and
a
turnover
time
of
1.2­
12
hours.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
ammonium
chloride
(
NH4Cl)
and
ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
Acute
toxicity
decreased
as
temperature
increased
over
the
range
12­
19oC.
Tests
showed
no
effect
of
different
toxicant
salts
on
mortality.
The
LC50
values
obtained
for
the
12
and
35
day
tests
were
not
appreciably
different
from
those
for
tests
of
shorter
time
periods.
Reference:
Thurston,
R.
V.
and
Russo,
R.
C.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
rainbow
trout.
Transactions
of
the
American
Fisheries
Society.
112:
696­
704.
27
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
A.
Daphnia
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
Exposure
period:
50­
h
Results:
EC50
=
433
mg
(
NH4)
2SO4/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Anderson
et
al.
1948.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
100­
h
EC50
(
mortality)
was
292
mg/
L.
The
dilution
water
was
standard
reference
water
(
SRW)
prepared
in
the
laboratory.
References:
Dowden,
B.
F.
and
Bennett,
H.
J.
1965.
Toxicity
of
selected
chemicals
to
certain
animals.
Journal
WPCF.
37(
9):
1308­
1316.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
(
Water
flea)
Exposure
period:
96­
h
Results:
LC50
>
100
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Test
chambers
contained
20­
L
of
test
solution
at
pH
7.4
and
buffered
with
NaOH
or
H2SO4.
Ten
individuals
of
each
species
were
placed
in
each
jar.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
develop
a
cost­
effective
procedure
for
measuring
the
acute
aquatic
effects
of
a
single
test
chemical
on
seven
aquatic
species
simultaneously.
References:
Ewell,
W.
S.,
Gorsuch,
J.
W.,
Kringle,
R.
O.,
Robillard,
K.
A.,
and
Spiegel,
R.
C.
1986.
Simultaneous
evaluation
of
the
acute
effects
of
chemicals
on
seven
aquatic
species.
Environ.
Toxicol.
Chem.
5:
831­
840.

B.
Other
aquatic
organisms
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Helisoma
trivolvis
and
Biomphalaria
havanensis
(
both
freshwater
snails)
28
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Exposure
period:
48­
hour
Results:
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Species
Life
Stage
24
hr
48
hr
eggs
558
­
juvenile
393
­
H.
trivolvis
adult
801
700
B.
havanensis
eggs
670
­
juvenile
526
­
adult
659
491
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Eggs,
juveniles
or
adults
of
the
two
species
were
exposed
for
24
or
48
hours.
Details
of
the
method
were
referred
to
a
companion
paper.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
two
species
presented
similar
susceptibilities
to
(
NH4)
2SO4
toxicity
based
on
24­
h
results.
However,
the
48­
h
study
indicated
that
H.
trivolvis
is
less
susceptible.
The
eggs
appear
to
be
less
susceptible
then
the
juveniles
for
both
species..
References:
Tchounwou,
P.
B.,
Englande,
A.
J.,
and
Malek,
E.
A.
1991.
Toxicity
evaluation
of
ammonium
sulphate
and
urea
to
three
developmental
stages
of
freshwater
snails.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol.
21:
359­
364.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Helisoma
trivolvis
(
snail),
Gammarus
fasciatus
(
amphipod),
and
Dugesia
tigrina
(
flatworm).
Exposure
period:
96­
h
Results:
LC50
(
all
species)
>
100
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Test
chambers
contained
20­
L
of
test
solution
at
pH
7.4
and
buffered
with
NaOH
or
H2SO4.
Ten
individuals
of
each
species
were
placed
in
each
jar.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
develop
a
cost­
effective
procedure
for
measuring
the
acute
aquatic
effects
of
a
single
test
chemical
on
seven
aquatic
species
simultaneously.
References:
Ewell,
W.
S.,
Gorsuch,
J.
W.,
Kringle,
R.
O.,
Robillard,
K.
A.,
and
Spiegel,
R.
C.
1986.
Simultaneous
evaluation
of
the
acute
effects
of
chemicals
on
seven
aquatic
species.
Environ.
Toxicol.
Chem.
5:
831­
840.
29
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
(
c)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Gammarus
pseudolimnaeus
(
Scud)
Exposure
period:
96­
h
Results:
LC50
=
40­
62
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Static
tests
were
conducted
in
reconstituted
water
with
a
pH
of
7.4.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Chemical
forest
fire
retardant
formulations:
Fire­
Trol
100
and
Fire­
Trol
931
(
ammonium
sulfate
or
polyphosphate
with
an
attapulgite
clay
thickener)
and
Phos­
Chek
202A
and
259
(
diammonium
phosphate
with
a
guar
gum
derivative
thickener).
Remarks:
In
all
formulations,
the
toxic
effects
were
generally
manifested
within
the
first
24
h
of
exposure
and
LC50
values
at
24
and
96
h
were
not
substantially
different.
The
primary
contributor
to
the
acute
toxicity
of
the
compounds
is
believed
to
be
un­
ionized
ammonia.
References:
Johnson,
W.
W.
and
Sanders,
H.
O.
1977.
Chemical
forest
fire
retardants:
Acute
toxicity
to
five
freshwater
fishes
and
a
scud.
Technical
Papers
of
the
U.
S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service.

4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
(
a)
Species:
Asterionella
japonica
(
diatom),
Skeletonema
costatum
(
diatom),
Chaetoceros
affinis
(
diatom),
Gymnodinium
splendens
(
dinoflagellate),
Gonyaulax
polyedra
(
dinoflagellate),
and
Dunaliella
sp.
Endpoint:
Biomass
[
];
Growth
rate
[
X];
Other
[
X]
Exposure
period:
17­
days
Results:
NOEC
=
50
µ
g
NH4­
N/
L
LOEC
=
100
µ
g
NH4­
N/
L
Growth
rates
were
similar
at
each
ammonium
concentration
and
did
not
differ
greatly
from
the
control
for
most
of
the
species
tested.
The
two
dinoflagellate
species
(
G.
splendens,
G.
polyedra),
however,
were
inhibited
at
150
and
200
µ
g­
atom
NH4­
N/
liter.
Maximum
yields,
as
measured
by
fluorescence,
were
generally
linear
as
a
function
of
ammonium
concentration
up
to
100
to
150
µ
g­
atom
NH4­
N/
liter,
at
which
point
yields
were
constant.
Photosynthesis
was
inhibited
only
in
G.
splendens
exposed
to
100
and
200
µ
g
NH4­
N/
liter.
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
]
30
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Method:
Ammonium
sulfate
concentrations
consisting
of
0,
50,
10,
25,
50,
100,
150,
and
200
µ
g
NH4­
N/
liter
were
placed
in
1­
L
flasks.
A
control
contained
880
µ
g/
L
NO3­
N.
After
inoculation,
duplicate
cultures
were
incubated
in
a
water
bath
at
21­
22
°
C
under
continuous
illumination.
Growth
was
measured
at
daily
or
halfdaily
intervals
for
up
to
17­
days.
For
photosynthesis
studies,
90­
mL
of
seawater
containing
the
above
concentrations
of
NH4­
N
were
placed
in
125
mL
bottles.
Radioactive
NaH14CO3
was
added
and
the
bottles
were
incubated
for
3­
hours.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
Remarks:
G.
splendens
was
the
most
sensitive
species
in
photosynthesis
and
growth
experiments.
The
authors
concluded
that
ammonium
concentrations
occurring
near
large
sewage
outfalls
would
not
be
inhibitory
to
phytoplankton.
References:
Thomas,
W.
H.,
Hastings,
J.,
and
Fujita,
M.
1980.
Ammonium
input
to
the
sea
via
large
sewage
outfalls­
Part
2:
Effects
of
ammonium
on
growth
and
photosynthesis
of
southern
California
phytoplankton
cultures.
Marine
Environm.
Res.
3:
291­
296.

(
b)
Species:
Chlorella
vulgaris
Endpoint:
Biomass
[
];
Growth
rate
[
X];
Other
[
X]
(
photosynthesis)
Exposure
period:
21­
days
Results:
At
20­
250
mg
N/
L,
there
were
no
significant
differences
in
specific
growth
rates
and
maximal
cell
densities
attained.
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Method:
A
total
of
12
ammonia
concentrations
were
prepared:
0,
10,
20,
40,
50,
60,
80,
125,
250,
500,
750,
and
1,000
mg
N/
L.
The
initial
cell
density
was
1x106
cells/
mL.
The
pH
values
of
the
culture
media
were
adjusted
to
7.0
before
algal
inoculation.
The
algae
were
grown
in
lightdark
cycles
of
16­
8
hours
for
21
days.
The
algal
cell
number
was
determined
at
3
or
4
day
intervals.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
Growth
occurred
in
all
ammonia
concentrations
(
10­
1,000
mg
N/
L,
although
less
growth
was
found
in
cultures
containing
either
very
low
(
10
mg
N/
L)
or
very
high
(
750
and
1,000
mg
N/
L)
ammonia
concentrations.
Total
chlorophyll
contents
(
µ
g/
mL)
increased
gradually
with
the
incubation
time
in
all
cultures,
with
the
highest
chlorophyll
content
recorded
at
day
21.
Chlorophyll
content
generally
increased
from
0
to
50
mg
N/
L.
At
higher
concentrations,
there
was
no
significant
31
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
difference.
Algal
growth
was
accompanied
by
a
decrease
in
nitrogen
content
in
the
medium,
indicating
that
nitrogen
removal
was
due
to
algal
uptake
and
assimilation.
Results
demonstrate
that
C.
vulgaris
can
tolerate
high
concentrations
of
ammonia.
Reference:
Tam,
N.
F.
Y.
and
Wong,
Y.
S.
1996.
Effect
of
ammonia
concentrations
on
growth
of
Chlorella
vulgaris
and
nitrogen
removal
from
media.
Bioresource
Technology.
57:
45­
50.

4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
Type:
Aquatic
[
X];
Field
[
];
Soil
[
];
Other
[
]
Species:
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
Exposure
period:
5
minutes
Results:
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
3,607
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Microtox
bioassays
were
performed
in
duplicate
and
each
test
sample
was
adjusted
to
contain
2
percent
sodium
chloride.
Subsequent
dilutions
were
made
to
give
samples
of
5.63,
11.25,
22.5,
and
45
percent
of
the
original
test
concentration.
Samples
were
maintained
at
15oC
and
pH
6.0
to
6.5.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
Remarks:
The
Microtox
test
was
significantly
less
sensitive
than
concurrent
trout
and
daphnid
assays
when
measured
as
total
ammonia.
Results
were
more
similar
between
the
assays
when
measured
as
un­
ionized
NH3.
References:
Qureshi,
A.
A.,
Flood,
K.
W.,
Thompson,
S.
R.,
Janhurst,
S.
M.,
Iniss,
C.
S.
and
Rokosh,
D.
A.
1982.
Comparison
of
luminescent
bacterial
test
with
other
bioassays
for
determining
toxicity
of
pure
compounds
and
complex
effluents.
Aquatic
Toxicology
and
Hazard
Assessment:
Fifth
Conference,
ASTM
STP
766.
Pearson,
J.
G.,
Foster,
R.
B.,
and
Bishop,
W.
E.
(
eds.).
American
Society
for
Testing
and
Materials.
Pp.
179­
195.

4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
X];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Salmo
gairdneri
(
Rainbow
trout)
32
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
];
Weight
of
fish
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
(
Survival)
[
X]
Exposure
period:
12­
and
35­
days
Results:
LC50
(
12­
d)
=
0.262­
0.676
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
LC50
(
35­
d)
=
0.322­
0.659
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Seven
12­
d
and
five
35­
d
flow­
through
studies
were
conducted.
Five
test
tanks
and
a
control
were
used
for
each
test.
Fish
were
acclimated
to
the
tanks
for
at
least
2
days,
except
for
5
tests
with
1­
day
acclimation
periods.
Fish
ages
ranged
from
1
day
old
fry
(<
1
g)
to
4
year
old
adults
(
2.6
g).
Tanks
with
smaller
fish
had
a
water
flow
rate
of
500
mL
every
2­
3
minutes;
replacement
time
was
about
5
hours,
and
full
concentration
was
reached
within
18
hours.
Tanks
with
larger
fish
had
a
water
flow
rate
of
0.5­
5
L/
minute
and
a
turnover
time
of
1.2­
12
hours.
Mean
pH
was
7.85­
7.96.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
ammonium
chloride
(
NH4Cl)
or
ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
All
of
the
12­
and
35­
day
LC50
values
fell
within
the
range
of
LC50
values
reported
for
the
complete
set
of
96­
hour
tests.
No
difference
in
toxicity
with
different
salts
was
observed.
References:
Thurston,
R.
V.
and
Russo,
R.
C.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
rainbow
trout.
Transactions
of
the
American
Fisheries
Society.
112:
696­
704.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
X];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha
(
Pink
Salmon)
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
X];
Weight
of
fish
[
X];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
21,
40,
or
61
days
Results:
NOEC
=
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Three
groups
of
alevins
were
exposed
to
ammonium
sulfate
solutions
for
three
different
lengths
of
time;
21­,
40­,
and
61­
d.
In
each
group,
subgroups
were
exposed
to
concentrations
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
ranging
from
0
to
4
ppb.
Test
organisms
were
exposed
at
pH
6.3­
6.5
and
3.7­
4.8oC.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
The
highest
exposure
concentration
of
ammonia
caused
significant
decreases
in
weight
of
exposed
fry
in
all
three
exposure
groups.
At
2.4
ppb
un­
ionized
ammonia,
the
groups
held
for
40­
d
and
61­
d
were
significantly
smaller
in
length
and
weight
but
at
1.2
ppb
un­
ionized
ammonia
33
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
there
was
no
significant
difference.
Effects
were
consistently
more
adverse
for
groups
held
61­
d.
References:
Rice,
S.
D.
and
Bailey,
J.
E.
1980.
Survival,
size,
and
emergence
of
pink
salmon,
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha,
alevins
after
short­
and
long­
term
exposures
to
ammonia.
Fishery
Bulletin.
78:
641­
648.

(
c)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Channa
punctatus
(
Channel
catfish)
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
];
Weight
of
fish
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
(
Ovarian
changes)
Exposure
period:
6
months
Results:
No
external
manifestation
of
toxicity
was
observed,
but
ovarian
growth
was
inhibited,
as
represented
by
a
lower
GSI
in
the
treated
fish
(
1.13
vs.
1.80
for
the
control).
LOEC
=
100
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Ten
adult
fish
purchased
from
a
local
fish
market
were
exposed
in
40­
L
aquarium
to
100
ppm
(
NH4)
2SO4
for
six
months.
Ten
additional
fish
were
placed
in
a
second
aquarium
and
served
as
a
control.
Dilution
water
was
well
water
with
pH
7.2.
Aquaria
were
maintained
under
natural
light
and
temperature
such
that
the
average
monthly
water
temperature
from
January
to
June
was
20,
23,
27,
31,
32
and
35oC,
respectively.
The
water
was
changed
every
alternate
day
after
feeding
the
fish
with
goat
liver.
All
fish
were
sacrificed
at
the
end
of
6
months
and
the
histology
of
the
ovaries
was
examined.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate(
NH4)
2SO4
fertilizer
Remarks:
The
study
was
initiated
in
January
when
the
ovary
was
in
the
resting
phase
and
terminated
in
the
last
week
of
June
when
control
fish
exhibited
spawning
phase
ovaries
with
matured
vitellogenic
stage­
IV
oocytes.
Maturation
of
oocytes
through
stages
I,
II
and
III
was
inhibited
in
the
exposed
fish.
In
stage
III
oocytes,
the
nucleus
exhibited
degenerative
changes.
References:
Ram,
R.
N.
and
Sathyanesan,
A.
G.
1986.
Ammonium
sulfate
induced
nuclear
changes
in
the
oocyte
of
the
fish,
Channa
punctatus
(
Bl.).
Bull.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol.
36:
871­
875.

(
d)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Channa
punctatus
(
Channel
catfish)
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
];
Weight
of
fish
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
(
Ovarian
changes)
Exposure
period:
6
months
34
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Results:
No
external
manifestation
of
toxicity
was
observe,
but
ovarian
growth
was
significantly
reduced
(
GSI
of
1.18
vs
1.92
for
the
controls).
LOEC
=
500
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Forty
adult
C.
punctatus
were
caught
in
the
wild,
acclimated
to
laboratory
conditions,
and
split
up
between
two
30­
L
glass
aquaria
containing
water
at
pH
7.2.
One
group
was
exposed
to
500
ppm
(
NH4)
2SO4
and
the
other
group
served
as
the
control.
The
experiment
ran
from
the
first
week
of
January
when
the
ovary
was
in
the
resting
phase,
and
ended
the
last
week
of
June
when
control
fish
exhibited
spawning
phase
ovaries.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
fertilizer
Remarks:
Treated
fish
ovaries
were
characterized
by
a
large
number
of
stage­
I
oocytes,
very
few
stage­
II
and
stage­
III
oocytes,
and
an
absence
of
mature
oocytes.
Several
stage­
I
oocytes
exhibited
cytoplasmic
inclusion
bodies,
some
of
which
invaded
the
nucleus
and
ultimately
led
to
oocyte
degeneration.
References:
Ram,
R.
N.
and
Sathyanesan,
A.
G.
1986.
Inclusion
bodies:
formation
and
degeneration
of
the
oocytes
in
the
fish
Channa
punctatus
(
Bloch)
in
response
to
ammonium
sulfate
treatment.
Ecotox.
Environ.
Safety
11:
272­
276.

(
e)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Channa
punctatus
(
Channel
catfish)
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
];
Weight
of
fish
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
(
testicular
development)
Exposure
period:
6
months
Results:
In
testes
of
the
100
ppm
group,
spermatogenesis
did
not
progress
beyond
spermatocyte
stage
and
sperm
were
totally
absent.
Necrosis
of
spermatogenic
elements
and
other
effects
were
also
noted.
In
the
500
ppm
group,
testes
exhibited
disorganization
of
lobules,
significant
inhibition
of
spermatogenesis,
extensive
necrosis,
and
disintegration
of
spermatogenic
elements.
GSIs
were
significantly
reduced
in
the
100
ppm
(
0.125)
and
500
ppm
(
0.117)
treated
groups
relative
to
the
control
(
0.166).
LOEC
=
100
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Thirty
adult
C.
punctatus
were
divided
between
100
ppm,
500
ppm
and
control
aquariums
in
well
water
at
pH
7.2.
Water
changes
were
made
on
alternate
days
after
feeding
fish
with
minced
goat
liver.
35
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
(
NH4)
2SO4
fertilizer
Remarks:
The
experiment
was
started
in
the
first
week
of
January
(
when
testes
were
in
resting
condition
containing
only
spermatogonia)
and
terminated
in
the
last
week
of
June
(
when
the
control
testes
were
in
mature
spawning
condition).
References:
Ram,
R.
N.
and
Sathyanesan,
A.
G.
1987.
Effect
of
chronic
exposure
of
commercial
nitrogenous
fertilizer,
ammonium
sulfate,
on
testicular
development
of
a
teleost
Channa
punctatus
(
Bloch).
Indian
Journal
of
Experimental
Biology.
25:
667­
670.

4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Remarks:
No
data
available
4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
Remarks:
No
data
available
4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Remarks:
No
data
available
4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Remarks:
No
data
available
4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)

Remarks:
No
data
available
4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
Remarks:
No
data
available
36
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
4.9
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
Results:
The
effect
on
weight
gain
and
gain:
feed
ratios
was
examined
in
14
day
old
chicks
fed
with
different
sulfate
salts
including
ammonium
sulfate.
A
reduction
in
weight
gain
and
gain:
feed
ratios
with
ammonium
sulfate
was
noted
when
the
concentration
in
the
food
exceeded
1
g/
100
g
food
(
10,000
mg/
kg
food).
This
effect
was
also
observed
with
potassium
sulfate
while
sodium­,
magnesium­
and
calcium
sulfate
had
little
or
no
effect
on
the
parameters
determined
in
this
study.
The
observed
reductions
are
associated
with
reduced
feed
intake
by
the
chicks.
References:
Sibbald,
I.
R.
and
Cave,
N.
A.
1976.
The
responses
of
chicks
to
ammonium,
calcium,
magnesium,
potassium
and
sodium
sulfates
and
to
ammonium
and
potassium
carbonates.
Poultry
Science.
55:
2209­
2213.

5.
TOXICITY
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Male
and
female
Wistar
rats
and
ddy­
mice
Value:
>
2000
mg/
kg
bw
for
both
species
Method:
The
test
substance
was
administered
orally
in
a
single
dose
after
fasting
for
16­
hours.
Observations
of
mortality,
body
weight,
lesions
and
behavioral
and
clinical
abnormalities
were
performed
for
14­
days.
Animals
were
necropsied
at
the
end
of
the
test.
Three
rats
and
mice
of
each
sex
were
used
at
a
single
dose
of
2000
mg/
kg
bw.
in
this
screening
test.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
References:
Yamanaka,
S.,
Hashimoto,
M.,
Tobe,
M.,
Kobayashi,
K.,
Sekizawa,
J.
and
Nishimura,
M.
1990.
A
simple
method
for
screening
assessment
of
acute
toxicity
of
chemicals.
Arch.
Toxicol.
64:
262­
268.

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat,
mouse,
goat
37
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Value:
LD50
(
rat)
>
2000
to
4250
mg/
kg
bw.
LD50
(
mouse)
=
640
mg/
kg
bw.
LDLO
(
goat)
=
3500
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Not
specified
Remarks:
Series
of
entries
reported
in
the
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
for
ammonium
sulphate
(
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2),
mostly
derived
from
foreign
literature
which
were
unavailable
for
review.
Only
limited
detail
was
reported
so
no
assessment
of
data
validity
is
possible.
Data
are
reported
here
for
completeness.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
O.
cuniculus
(
mixed
breed
rabbit)
Exposure
time:
1­
hour
Value:
See
remarks
Method:
The
experimental
group
consisted
of
five
male
rabbits
weighing
2.5­
2.7
kg
each.
The
animals
were
unsedated
throughout
the
clearance
measurements
and
aerosol
exposures.
Mucociliary
clearance
was
measured
by
a
brief
inhalation
of
radioactively
tagged,
insoluble
tracer
ferric
oxide
microspheres,
with
subsequent
serial
measurement
of
thoracic
retention
using
external
in
vivo
measurements.
Serial
measurements
were
begun
within
2­
minutes
after
inhalation
of
the
tracer
aerosol.
Rabbits
were
exposed
for
1­
hour
to
a
nominal
concentration
of
2,000
µ
g/
m3.
Tests
were
performed
twice
at
actual
concentrations
of
1,800
and
2,200
µ
g/
m3.
A
series
of
10
air
sham­
control
tests
(
exposure
for
1­
hour
to
temperature
and
humidity­
conditioned
air)
were
performed
on
each
rabbit
to
obtain
baseline
values
for
mean
residence
time
(
MRT)
and
residual
activity
in
the
lungs
(
R24).
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
No
significant
effects
were
observed
with
ammonium
sulfate.
However,
bronchial
mucociliary
clearance
alteration
appears
to
be
related
to
the
hydrogen
ion
concentration
as
shown
in
ammonium
bisulfate.
References:
Schlesinger,
R.
B.
1984.
Comparative
irritant
potency
of
inhaled
sulfate
aerosols
 
effects
on
bronchial
mucociliary
clearance.
Environm.
Res.
34:
268­
279.
38
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Male
and
female
Wistar
rats
and
ddy­
mice
Value:
>
2000
mg/
kg
bw.
for
both
species
Method:
The
test
substance
was
dissolved
in
acetone
and
water
and
applied
as
a
single
dose
to
the
skin
surface
of
the
clipped
backs
of
the
animals.
The
application
sites
were
left
uncovered
but
the
animals
were
prevented
from
licking
the
areas.
Observations
of
mortality,
body
weight,
lesions
and
behavioral
and
clinical
abnormalities
were
performed
for
14­
days.
Animals
were
necropsied
at
the
end
of
the
test.
Three
rats
and
mice
of
each
sex
were
used
at
a
single
dose
of
2000
mg/
kg
bw.
in
this
screening
test.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
References:
Yamanaka,
S.,
Hashimoto,
M.,
Tobe,
M.,
Kobayashi,
K.,
Sekizawa,
J.
and
Nishimura,
M.
1990.
A
simple
method
for
screening
assessment
of
acute
toxicity
of
chemicals.
Arch.
Toxicol.
64:
262­
268.

5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
(
a)
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
];
LCL0
[
];
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
White
rat
Route
of
Administration:
i.
m.
[
];
i.
p.
[
];
i.
v.
[
];
Infusion
[
];
s.
c.
[
];
Other
[
X]
Unspecified
injected
Exposure
period:
3­
hours
Value:
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.80
mL
(
NH4)
2CrO4,
(
0.072
mg
(
NH4)
2CrO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.74
mL
NH4Cl,
(
0.072
mg
NH4Cl­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.21
mL
(
NH4)
2HPO4,
(
0.061
mg
(
NH4)
2HPO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.74
mL
NH4(
H)
CO3,
(
0.064
mg
NH4(
H)
CO3­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.75
mL
NH4NO3,
(
0.065
mg
NH4NO3­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
10.00
mL
(
NH4)
2SO4,
(
0.094
mg
(
NH4)
2SO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.20
mL
NH4Br,
(
0.055
mg
NH4Br­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.30
mL
(
NH4)
2CO3
+
carbamide,
(
0.055
mg
(
NH4)
2CO3
+
carbamide­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
4.80
mL
(
NH4)
3PO4
neutral,
(
0.0384
mg
(
NH4)
3PO4
neutral­
N)
39
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
7.56
mL
(
H2)
NH4PO4,
(
0.05708
mg
(
H2)
NH4PO4­
N)
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
6.00
mL
NH4I
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
7.40
mL
NH4CrSO4
Method:
All
salts
(
ammonium
oxalate,
carbonate,
chromate,
chloride,
nitrate,
citrate,
sulfate,
tartrate,
hydrogen
phosphate,
acetate,
sarcolactate,
and
lactate)
were
made
to
approximate
5
percent
solutions
and
injected
into
white
rats.
The
nitrogen
in
the
form
of
NH3
was
determined
in
three
5
percent
solutions.
Six
animals
were
used
for
each
series.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Various
ammonium
salts
(
ammonium
oxalate,
carbonate,
chromate,
chloride,
nitrate,
citrate,
sulfate,
tartrate,
hydrogen
phosphate,
acetate,
sarcolactate,
and
lactate)
Remarks:
Contrary
to
previous
reports
by
Rachford
and
Crane
(
1902),
the
current
study
demonstrated
that
the
toxicity
of
ammonium
salts
to
white
rats
is
directly
proportional
to
the
amount
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
present
(
i.
e.,
rather
than
on
the
form
of
salt
used).
Note
that
while
this
study
is
old
(
1922),
it
does
provide
evidence
that
the
anion
of
the
salt
is
less
important
with
respect
to
toxicity
than
unionized
ammonia.
References:
Underhill,
F.
P.
and
Kapsinow,
R.
1922.
The
comparative
toxicity
of
ammonium
salts.
J.
Biol.
Chem.
54:
451­
457.

(
b)
Type:
LD
0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
Mouse
Route
of
Administration:
i.
m.
[
];
i.
p.
[
X];
i.
v.
[
];
Infusion
[
];
s.
c.
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
Not
specified
Value:
610
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
Reported
in
IUCLID
and
RTECS
based
on
University
of
California,
Berkeley
publication.
Assessment
of
validity
is
not
possible
due
to
the
limited
amount
of
study
detail
reported.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
40
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Classification:
Highly
corrosive
(
causes
severe
burns)
[
];
Corrosive
(
causes
burns)
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Method:
Ammonium
sulfate
was
applied
to
the
intact
or
abraded
skin
of
rabbits
for
20
or
8
hours,
respectively.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
Exposure
to
skin
for
8
hours
on
5
consecutive
days
was
also
not
irritating.
BASF
study
reported
in
IUCLID
Data
Set.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Classification:
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X];
Risk
of
serious
damage
to
eyes
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
BASF
study
reported
in
IUCLID
Data
Set.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
Remarks:
No
data
available
41
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Sprague­
Dawley
rats
(
specific
pathogen
free)
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
4
or
8
months
Frequency
of
treatment:
5
hrs/
day,
5
days/
wk
Post
exposure
observation
period:
3
months
(
for
satellite
group)
Dose:
0.5
mg/
m3
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
Relative
to
comparable
air­
exposed
controls,
pollutants
enhanced
bronchiolar
cell
hyperplasia
in
normal
rats,
but
reduced
it
in
elastase­
damaged
lungs.
After
4­
months
of
exposure,
ammonium
sulfate
affected
mean
and
median
chord
length
in
both
normal
and
impaired
lungs.
However,
the
effects
on
MCL
values
were
reversed
with
pretreatment
regimen.
No
effects
were
observed
for
body
weights,
lung
volumes,
or
pulmonary
function.
There
was
also
a
trend
toward
more
fibrosis
in
rats
exposed
to
ammonium
sulfate
for
8­
months.
The
most
notable
observations
were
changes
consistent
with
mild
to
moderate
emphysema
in
all
elastase­
treated
groups.
Method:
This
study
was
designed
to
measure
the
toxic
effect
of
ammonium
sulfate
for
4
or
8
months,
or
for
8
months
plus
3
months
recovery
for
5­
hours/
day,
5­
days/
week.
Two
hundred
forty
rats
were
pretreated
with
porcine
pancreatic
elastase
and
an
additional
240
rats
were
pretreated
with
physiologic
saline.
Exposure
groups
included
a
control,
sulfate
(
1
ppm),
ammonium
sulfate
(
0.5
mg/
m3),
or
both
agents
combined.
Each
group
contained
equal
numbers
of
normal
and
elastaseimpaired
rats.
Half
of
the
rats
exposed
for
8
months
were
sacrificed
immediately
and
the
rest
were
held
for
a
3­
month
recovery
period.
The
mean
particle
size
distribution
(
MMAD)
of
ammonium
sulfate
(
wet
aerosol)
was
0.44
±
0.04
µ
m.
Toxicological
endpoints
measured
in
this
special
study
were
mainly
restricted
to
the
lung
(
including
histopathology,
morphometry
and
pulmonary
function).
In
addition,
immunological
parameters
were
determined.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
The
authors
concluded
that
the
exposure
of
rats
to
ammonium
sulfate
produced
only
a
mild
and
transient
effect
under
the
conditions
of
the
study.
The
increased
alveolar
fibrosis
associated
with
ammonium
sulfate
is
42
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
considered
biologically
significant.
There
was
no
significant
depressive
effect
on
the
immune
system
in
the
study.
References:
Smith,
L.
G.,
Busch,
R.
H.,
Buschbom,
R.
L.,
Cannon,
W.
C.,
Loscutoff,
and
Morris,
J.
E.
1989.
Effects
of
sulfur
dioxide
or
ammonium
sulfate
exposure,
alone
or
combined,
for
4
or
8
months
on
normal
and
elastaseimpaired
rats.
Environm.
Res.
49:
60­
78.

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rat
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
1,
3,
7
or
14
days
Frequency
of
treatment:
8
hrs/
day
Dose:
300
mg/
m3
or
1000
 
1200
mg/
m3
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
NOEL:
1000­
1200
mg/
m3
Results:
No
mortality
occurred
during
three
days
of
exposure
to
1000­
1200
mg/
m3,
and
no
toxicological
effects
were
noted.
No
significant
differences
were
detected
between
control
and
rats
exposed
to
300
mg/
m3
for
any
of
the
parameters
measured.
Method:
In
preliminary
exposures,
six
young
adult
rats
were
exposed
for
8
hrs/
day
for
3
consecutive
days
to
ammonium
sulfate
aerosols
at
a
concentration
of
1000­
1200
mg/
m3.
The
animals
were
observed
for
mortality
and
signs
of
gross
toxicity.
In
addition,
ten
adult
rats
were
exposed
8
hrs/
day
for
1,
3,
7
or
14
days
at
a
concentration
of
300
mg/
m3.
After
exposure,
arterial
blood
samples
were
analyzed
for
blood
gases,
pH,
and
standard
bicarbonate.
Residual
volume
and
vital
capacity
were
determined
for
rats
exposed
for
14
days.
Lung
histology
was
also
examined.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
Results
of
preliminary
exposures
of
guinea
pigs
to
three
concentrations
ranging
from
500
to
900
mg/
m3
indicated
no
mortality
or
signs
of
gross
toxicity.
References:
Pepelko,
W.
E.,
Mattox,
J.
K.
and
Cohen,
A.
L.
1980.
Toxicology
of
ammonium
sulfate
in
the
lung.
Bull.
Environm.
Contam.
Toxicol.
24:
156­
160.

(
c)
Species/
strain:
Sprague­
Dawley
rats
and
Hartley­
strain
guinea
pigs
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
20
days
Frequency
of
treatment:
6
hrs/
day,
5
days/
wk
43
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Post
exposure
observation
period:
Post
exposure
obs.
period:
none
specified
Dose:
1.03
mg/
m3
(
MMAD
0.4
µ
m)
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
NOEL:
<
1.03
mg/
m3
LOEL:
<
1.03
mg/
m3
Results:
Means
for
all
pulmonary
functions
were
higher
for
rats
and
guinea
pigs
exposed
to
1.03
mg/
m3
ammonium
sulfate
as
compared
to
the
untreated
animals.
Rats
were
more
sensitive
than
guinea
pigs.
Method:
Animals
were
either
pretreated
with
intratracheally
administered
elastase
(
to
induce
pulmonary
emphysema)
or
saline
and
then
exposed
to
ammonium
sulfate
and
compared
to
controls.
Fixed
lung
volume
and
histological
evaluations
were
made
at
the
end
of
the
study.
Measurements
included
body
weight,
lung
volume,
percentage­
area
affected,
score,
median
chord
length,
mean
chord
length,
and
chore
beta
values.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
The
authors
concluded
that
elastase
treatment
did
not
enhance,
and
perhaps
may
even
have
obscured,
the
effect
of
ammonium
sulfate
on
alveolar
structure
at
this
concentration.
References:
Busch,
R.
H.,
Buschban,
R.
L.,
Cannon,
W.
C.,
Lauhala,
K.
E.,
Miller,
F.
J.,
Graham,
J.
A.
and
Smith,
L.
G.
1984.
Effects
of
ammonium
sulfate
aerosol
exposure
on
lung
structure
of
normal
and
elastase­
impaired
rats
and
guinea
pigs.
Environ.
Res.
33:
454­
472.

(
d)
Species/
strain:
Sprague­
Dawley
rats;
Hartley
guinea
pigs
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
5
or
20
days
Frequency
of
treatment:
6
hours/
day,
5
days/
week
Post
exposure
observation
period:
Dose:
1
mg/
m3
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
NOEL:
<
1
mg/
m3
LOEL:
<
1
mg/
m3
Results:
Body
weight
and
lung
function
of
guinea
pigs
was
not
affected
by
aerosol
exposure
or
elastase
treatment.
As
with
guinea
pigs,
body
weight
of
rats
was
not
affected
by
aerosol
treatment.
The
residual
volume
(
RV)
and
functional
residual
capacity
(
FRC)
of
ammonium
sulfate­
exposed
rats,
however,
were
significantly
larger
44
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
than
in
air­
exposed
animals.
An
apparent
alteration
in
secretory
activity
was
observed
only
in
the
lungs
of
guinea
pigs
exposed
to
ammonium
sulfate.
The
median
alveolar
chord
lengths
in
ammonium
sulfate
exposed
rats
were
10%
longer
than
in
control
animals.
Method:
Animals
were
instilled
intratracheally
with
either
sterile
saline
or
porcine
pancreatic
elastase
dissolved
in
saline.
Three
weeks
later,
animals
were
exposed
for
5
or
20
days,
6­
hours/
day,
5­
days/
week.
They
were
maintained
on
a
12­
hour
light/
dark
cycle.
The
solute
concentration
in
the
nebulizer
reservoir
was
0.4%
ammonium
sulfate
(
1
mg/
m3).
The
particle
size
of
ammonium
sulfate
aerosols
was
0.4
±
2.2
µ
m.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
Lung
function
tests
showed
that
rats
were
more
affected
by
ammonium
sulfate
than
were
guinea
pigs.
This
observation
is
in
contrast
to
toxicity
studies
that
evaluated
acute
mortality
following
sulfuric
acid
or
ammonium
sulfate
exposure.
Bronchoconstriction
in
guinea
pigs
during
ammonium
sulfate
exposures,
if
present
in
this
study,
could
have
altered
the
deposition
of
aerosols
compared
to
that
in
rats,
contributing
to
the
observed
differences
between
the
two
species.
The
changes
in
RV
and
FRC
observed
in
rats
suggests
that
ammonium
sulfate
exposure
resulted
in
mild
pulmonary
emphysema
or
slight
exacerbation
of
existing
emphysema.
References:
Loscutoff,
S.
M.,
Cannon,
W.
C.,
Buschbom,
R.
L.,
Busch,
R.
H.,
and
Killand,
B.
W.
1985.
Pulmonary
function
in
elastase­
treated
guinea
pigs
and
rats
exposed
to
ammonium
sulfate
or
ammonium
nitrate
aerosols.
Environm.
Res.
36:
170­
180.

5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
(
a)
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
System
of
testing:
Salmonella
typhimurium
TA1535,
TA100,
TA157
and
TA98
Concentration:
0.020
to
5
mg/
plate
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Cytotoxicity
conc:
5
mg
Precipitation
conc:
N/
A
45
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
471
"
Genetic
Toxicology":
Salmonella
typhimurium
Reverse
Mutation
assay.
1983.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
BASF
study
as
reported
in
IUCLID.
A
standard
plate
test
and
preincubation
test
were
performed.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.

(
b)
Type:
Yeast
gene
mutation
assay
and
bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test).
System
of
testing:
Saccharomyces
cerevisial,
strain
D4
(
yeast)
Salmonella
typhimurium,
strain
TA1535,
TA1537,
TA1538
(
bacteria)
Concentration:
Up
to
50,000
ppm
(
5
percent)
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X]
Results:
Cytotoxicity
conc:
With
metabolic
activation:
>
50,000
ppm
Without
metabolic
activation:
>
50,000
ppm
Precipitation
conc:
Not
applicable
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
Standard
test
procedures
were
used.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4),
granular
food
grade
Remarks:
Plate
tests
with
S.
typhimurium
with
and
without
activation
were
negative
for
mutagenicity.
Similarly,
activation
and
nonactivation
suspension
tests
with
S.
cerevisiae
were
also
negative.
References:
Litton
Bionetics.
1975.
Mutagenic
evaluation
of
compound
FDA
73­
42:
Ammonium
sulfate
granular
food
grade.
Report
No.
FDA
BF­
GRAS­
382.
Submitted
to
the
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration,
June
30,
1975.
NTIS
PB
245­
506.

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
Type:
Cytogenetic
assay
System
of
testing:
V79
hamster
cells
Concentration:
Osmotic
solution
of
30
mOsm/
kg
H2O
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
X];
With
and
Without
[
]
Results:
Cytotoxicity
conc:
Without
metabolic
activation:
Osmotic
solution
of
30
mOsm/
kg
H20
Precipitation
conc:
N/
A
46
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
V
79
hamster
cells
were
exposed
to
hypotonic
culture
medium
or
solutions
of
different
chemicals
including
ammonium
sulfate.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
99.5%
Remarks:
No
effect
was
seen
in
isomolar
(
300
mOsm/
kg
H20
culture
medium
or
ammonium
sulfate
containing
culture
medium).
Hypotonic
solutions
of
the
culture
medium
alone
or
from
chemicals
including
ammonium
sulfate
revealed
an
increase
in
chromosomal
aberrations.
Cells
treated
with
hypotonic
ammonium
sulfate
solution
had
an
increase
in
aberration
frequency.
Ammonium
sulfate
mostly
induced
chromatid
type
aberrations.
Treatment
with
less
than
30
mOsm/
kg
H20
was
cytotoxic.
Reasons
for
the
aberrations
observed
in
hypotonic
media
may
be
a
directly
induced
DNA
damage
such
as
double
strand
breaks
or
a
release
of
DNAse
after
lysosomal
damage
because
of
the
hypotonic
treatment.
Other
reasons
involved
in
the
induction
of
aberration
production
may
be
changes
of
the
internal
pH
or
damage
of
the
chromosomal
proteins.
The
same
authors
also
studied
the
effect
of
hypertonic
ammonium
sulfate
solutions
in
V
79
cells
after
pretreatment
with
ethylmethanesulfonate,
a
known
mutagen.
It
was
concluded
that
post­
treatment
of
the
cells
with
hypertonic
solutions
containing
NaCl
or
ammonium
sulfate
had
a
clear
effect
on
chromosomal
aberration
but
TGEr
(
6­
thioguanine
resistance)
mutations
were
only
enhanced
by
ammonium
sulfate
post­
treatment.
It
was
suggested
by
the
author
that
hypertonic
salt
posttreatment
leads
to
conformational
changes
in
the
DNA,
resulting
in
an
increase
in
TGEr
mutations
and
chromosomal
aberrations.
References:
1)
Nowak,
C.
1987.
Studies
on
the
ability
of
hypotonic
solutions
to
induce
chromosomal
aberrations
in
V
79
cells.
Teratogenesis,
Carcinogenesis,
and
Mutagenesis
7:
515­
525.
2)
Nowak,
C.
1988.
Influence
of
ammonium
sulfate
and
sodium
chloride
on
ethyl
methanesulfonate­
induced
chromosomal
aberrations
and
HPRT
mutations
in
V
79
hamster
cells.
Mutation
Research
207:
147­
152.

5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
Remarks:
No
data
available
47
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Syrian
hamster
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
15
weeks
Frequency
of
treatment:
6
hrs/
day,
5
days/
week
Post
exposure
observation
period:
<
text>
Doses:
0.2
mg/
m3
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Other:
BaP
[
X]
Results:
See
remarks
Method:
See
remarks
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
Remarks:
The
study
was
designed
as
an
initiation/
promotion
experiment
when
the
animals
received
5
mg
of
a
known
carcinogen
(
Benzo(
a)
pyrene
=
BaP)
by
intratracheal
intubation
once
a
week
for
15
weeks.
One
group
of
the
animals
was
simultaneously
exposed
to
0.2
mg/
m3
of
ammonium
sulfate
while
another
group
received
BaP
or
ammonium
sulfate
alone.
There
was
no
effect
of
ammonium
sulfate
inhalation
on
BaP
carcinogenesis.
In
separate
experiments
of
the
study
it
was
demonstrated
that
the
ammonium
sulfate
particles
with
a
size
of
0.3
and
0.6
µ
m
(
MMAD)
reached
the
lung,
however
a
substantial
proportion
of
the
compound
was
found
in
the
nose.
The
clearance
from
the
lung
(
via
the
blood
and
urinary
tract)
was
determined
to
be
18
to
20
minutes.
From
the
collectable
sulfate
in
the
urinary
tract
95%
was
excreted
within
6
hours.
The
results
of
clearance
studies
with
guinea
pigs
and
rabbits
suggested
that
there
was
no
species
difference.
Pulmonary
defense
experiments
were
also
part
of
this
study.
The
induction
of
aryl
hydrocarbon
hydroxylase
(
an
enzyme
that
acts
in
the
metabolism
of
BaP
and
other
carcinogens)
in
the
lung
is
not
inhibited
by
ammonium
sulfate
(
there
are
reports
of
other
air
pollutants
to
cause
this
effect).
Hamsters
exposed
to
0.86
mg/
m3
for
12
hours
and
a
particle
size
of
0.3
µ
m
had
no
effect
on
pulmonary
macrophage
numbers
and
shape.
Reported
in
IUCLID
as
coming
from
an
EPA
document,
but
only
limited
detail
was
provided.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
48
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
(
b)
Species/
strain:
Fischer
rats
(
F344/
Du
Crj)
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Gastric
intubation
Exposure
period:
16­
hours
Frequency
of
treatment:
Once
Doses:
7.56­
20.1
mM/
kg
bw.
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
See
remarks
Method:
Rats
were
given
0.5
to
1.0
mL
of
aqueous
ammonium
sulfate
by
gastric
intubation.
Ornithine
decarboxylase
(
ODC)
activity
was
determined
using
L­[
1­
14C]
ornithine
as
a
substrate.
DNA
synthesis
in
the
pyloric
mucosa
of
the
stomach
was
determined
in
in
vitro
culture.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
ODC
activity
was
induced
in
the
pyloric
mucosa
of
rat
stomach
by
ammonium.
This
finding
suggests
that
ammonium
sulfate
and
other
salts
in
food
additives
may
have
tumor­
promoting
activities
in
glandular
stomach
carcinogenesis.
References:
Furihata,
C.,
Yamakoshi,
A.,
Takezawa,
R.,
and
Matsushima,
T.
1989.
Various
sodium
salts,
potassium
salts,
a
calcium
salt
and
an
ammonium
salt
induced
ornithine
decarboxylase
and
stimulated
DNA
synthesis
in
rat
stomach
mucosa.
Jpn.
J.
Cancer
Res.
80:
424­
429.
(
c)
Species/
strain:
Syrian
golden
hamsters
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
15
weeks
Frequency
of
treatment:
6
hours
day/
5
days
week
Post
exposure
observation
period:
2
years
Doses:
mean
187
mg/
m3
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
Exposure
to
ammonium
sulfate
at
an
airborne
concentration
20
times
average
United
States
ambient
levels
resulted
in
a
significant
depression
(
p
<
0.05)
of
benzo[
a]
pyrene
carcinogenesis
in
the
first
6
months
of
the
study.
However,
at
the
termination
of
the
study
(
2
years),
there
were
no
differences
in
cancer
incidence
between
groups
receiving
benzo
[
a]
pyrene
and
benzo
[
a]
pyrene
plus
ammonium
sulfate.
In
addition,
at
the
concentration
studied,
inhaled
ammonium
sulfate
did
not
significantly
increase
the
incidence
or
severity
of
pneumonitis
or
pulmonary
fibrosis
in
the
hamster.
This
inhalation
did
increase
the
incidence
of
emphysema
but
49
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
not
the
severity.
The
decreased
incidence
of
cancer
during
the
first
6
months
of
this
study
in
animals
receiving
both
benzo
[
a]
pyrene
and
ammonium
sulfate
suggests
that
interaction
between
sulfate
and
benzo
[
a]
pyrene
does
occur,
but
is
insufficient
to
afford
long­
term
protection
against
the
development
of
cancer.
No
enhancement
of
carcinogenesis
by
benzo
[
a]
pyrene
occurs
in
the
presence
of
inhaled
sulfate.
Method:
Hamsters,
approximately
10­
weeks
old,
were
divided
into
benzo[
a]
pyrene
(
BaP)
alone,
ammonium
sulfate
alone,
BaP/
ammonium
sulfate
together,
and
control
groups,
with
80
animals
in
each.
Hamsters
receiving
BaP
alone
were
given
5­
mg
doses
by
intratracheal
instillation
once
a
week
for
15­
weeks.
The
sulfate
group
was
exposed
for
6­
hours/
day,
5­
days/
week
for
15­
weeks.
Dead
animals
were
examined
and
gross
observations
were
made
on
all
internal
organs,
plus
the
brain,
nasal
structures,
and
larynx.
Animals
that
didn't
die
were
killed
2­
years
after
completion
of
exposure
and
examined.
The
temperature
for
all
groups
was
maintained
at
roughly
25
°
C.
The
mean
concentration
for
sulfate
alone
was
186.6
mg/
m3
and
for
BaP/
sulfate
was
197.6
mg/
m3.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
The
early
decrease
in
tumor
incidence
in
the
BaP/
sulfate
group
compared
to
BaP
and
no
overall
difference
in
the
incidence
between
the
two
groups
are
different
from
studies
reporting
an
enhancement
of
carcinogenesis
by
sulfate
ions.
The
authors
report
that
it
is
unlikely
that
higher
doses
of
ammonium
sulfate
would
enhance
BaP
carcinogenesis.
References:
Godleski,
J.
J.,
Melnicoff,
M.
J.,
Sadri,
S.,
and
Garbeil,
P.
1984.
Effects
of
inhaled
ammonium
sulfate
on
benzo(
a)
pyrene
carcinogenesis.
J.
Toxic.
Environm.
Health
14:
225­
238.

5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Species/
strain:
Single­
comb
white
leghorn
chicken
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Injection
into
the
air
cells
of
eggs
at
the
start
of
preincubation
Duration
of
the
test:
Not
specified
50
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Exposure
period:
Not
specified
Frequency
of
treatment:
Single
injection
Doses:
10
mg/
egg
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
See
remarks.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Aqueous
ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4)
Remarks:
In
a
screening
teratogenicity
study,
up
to
10
mg/
egg
of
aqueous
ammonia
sulfate
was
injected
(
maximum
100
µ
l/
egg)
into
the
air
cells
of
the
eggs
at
the
start
of
preincubation.
The
LD50
value
was
determined
to
be
4.63
mg/
egg.
Non
viable
embryos
and
hatched
chicks
were
examined
for
gross
abnormalities
and
signs
of
toxicosis
(
such
as
edema
and
hemorrhage).
In
a
limited
number
of
animals,
examination
of
the
viscera
was
performed.
Animals
with
malformations
that
could
not
be
readily
classified
were
further
assessed
by
X­
ray
examination
or
Alizarin
Red
S
staining.
No
adverse
effects
were
reported
for
ammonium
sulfate.
References:
European
Commission
2000.
Ammonium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD
 
ROM
edition.
(
Original
citation
from
Verret,
M.
J.
et
al.
1980.
Toxicol.
Appl.
Pharmacol.
56:
265­
273).

5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
A.
Specific
toxicities
(
a)
Type:
Cytotoxicity
Results:
The
cytotoxicity
of
an
aqueous
solution
of
ammonium
sulfate
was
tested
using
three
different
mammalian
cell
lines
(
HeLa,
Mouse
lymphoma
[
ML]
and
Buffalo
green
monkey
[
BGM]).
Standard
tissue
culture
and
counting
techniques
were
used.
The
percent
survival
at
a
nominal
concentration
of
1
mg
NH3
­
N/
mL
was
76,65
and
66%
for
Hela,
BGM
and
ML,
respectively.
At
a
nominal
concentration
of
0.5
µ
g
NH3
­
N/
mL,
the
survival
was
84,
79
and
84%
for
the
three
cell
lines,
respectively.
The
authors
concluded
that
ammonium
sulfate
was
not
severely
toxic
to
the
cell
lines
tested.
Reference:
Kfir,
R.
and
Prozesky,
O.
W.
1981.
Detection
of
toxic
substances
in
water
by
means
of
a
mammalian
cell
culture
technique.
Wat.
Res.
15:
553­
559.
51
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
(
b)
Type:
Inhalation
toxicity
Results:
Guinea
pigs
exposed
for
one
hour
to
aerosols
of
sulfate
salts
(
0.13
to
0.81
mg
salt/
m3)
experienced
a
slight
increase
in
pulmonary
flow
resistance
and
a
slight
decrease
in
pulmonary
compliance.
Ammonium
sulfate
was
a
more
potent
irritant
than
ammonium
bisulfate.
Reference:
Amdur,
M.
O.,
Bayles,
J.,
Ugro,
V.
and
Underhill,
D.
W.
1978.
Comparative
irritant
potency
of
sulfate
salts.
Environ.
Res.
16:
1­
8.

B.
Toxicodynamics,
toxicokinetics
Remarks:
None
5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
(
a)
Results:
The
high­
humidity
exposures
produced
a
noticeable
increase
in
the
manifestations
of
probable
heat
stress.
Remarks:
Subjects
were
tested
at
40%
and
80%
relative
humidity.
Source:
Healthy
and
asthmatic
adult
men
in
a
controlled
laboratory
environment.
Number
of
People
Exposed:
Six
group
of
3
individuals
Frequency
and
duration
of
exposure:
One
or
2
days
of
"
control"
exposure
to
purified
air
followed
by
2
to
3
consecutive
days
of
2­
h
sulfate
"
aerosol"
exposure.
Subjects
exercised
for
the
first
15
minutes
of
each
½
­
h
of
the
2­
h
to
double
the
minute
volume
of
ventilation.
Test
chemicals
were
ammonium
sulfate,
ammonium
bisulfate,
and
sulfuric
acid
of
particle
size
distributions
and
concentrations
intended
to
simulate
"
worst
case"
exposures
during
Los
Angeles
smog
episodes.
Reference:
Avol,
E.
L.,
Jones,
M.
P.,
Bailey,
R.
M.,
Chang,
N.
N.,
Kleinman,
M.
T.,
Linn,
W.
S.,
Bell,
K.
A.,
and
Hackney,
J.
D.
1979.
Controlled
exposures
of
human
volunteers
to
sulfate
aerosols.
American
Review
of
Respiratory
Disease.
120:
319­
327.

(
b)
Results:
Exposure
to
(
NH4)
2SO4
showed
no
significant
effects
on
any
pulmonary
function
measurements.
Similarly,
no
significant
effects
were
observed
with
any
of
the
other
test
chemicals
and
concentrations
tested:
sulfuric
acid,
ammonium
bisulfate
(
116
µ
g/
m3
)
and
ammonium
nitrate
(
80
µ
g/
m3).
Remarks:
Source:
Male
volunteers
in
exposure
chambers
of
the
US
EPA
Human
Studies
facility.
Number
of
people
exposed:
231
males
52
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Frequency
and
duration
of
exposure:
133
µ
g/
m3
(
NH4)
2SO4
for
4
hours
with
two
15­
minute
exercise
sessions.
Reference:
Stacy,
R.
W.,
Seal,
E.,
House,
D.
E.,
Green,
J.,
Roger,
L.
J.
and
Raggio,
L.
1983.
A
survey
of
effects
of
gaseous
and
aerosol
pollutants
on
pulmonary
function
of
normal
males.
Archives
of
Environmental
Health.
38(
2):
104­
115.

(
c)
Results:
At
1
mg/
m3
(
as
H2SO4)
none
of
the
inhaled
sulfates
produced
significant
decreases
in
SGaw
in
normal
subjects
but
did
produce
small
changes
in
flow
on
MEFV
and
PEFV
curves.
No
asthmatics
developed
symptoms
after
any
aerosol
exposure,
but
significant
decreases
in
SGaw
were
observed
in
asthmatics
exposed
to
the
high
concentration
of
several
aerosols.
All
aerosols
produced
a
decrease
in
flow
rates.
Remarks:
A
total
of
16
healthy
laboratory
workers
(
mean
age
27
years)
and
17
asymptomatic
asthmatics
(
mean
age
26
years)
were
exposed
to
sulfate
aerosols
at
either
0.1
or
1
mg/
m3.
Subjects
inhaled
the
aerosol
through
a
one­
way
respiratory
valve
connected
to
the
exposure
apparatus.
Aerosol
constituents
included
sodium
chloride
(
NaCl),
ammonium
sulfate
((
NH4)
2SO4),
ammonium
bisulfate
(
NH4HSO4)
and
sulphuric
acid
(
H2SO4)
and
were
adjusted
to
keep
SO4
levels
constant.
Reference:
Utell,
M.
J.,
Morrow,
P.
E.
and
Hyde,
R.
W.
1982.
Comparison
of
normal
and
asthmatic
subjects'
responses
to
sulphate
pollutant
aerosols.
Ann.
Occup.
Hyg.
26:
691­
697.

(
d)
Results:
Pulmonary
function
(
body
plethysmography
and
spirometry)
and
bronchial
reactivity
(
to
metacholis)
was
not
affected
in
20
non­
smoking
subjects
after
4­
hour
exposure
of
0.5
mg/
m3
ammonium
sulfate
for
3
days/
week
for
3
weeks.
No
effects
were
noted
during
combined
exposures
to
both
ammonium
sulfate
(
0.5
mg/
m3)
and
sulfur
dioxide
(
1
mg/
m3
).
Remarks:
The
exposure
period
included
two
15­
minute
light­
tomoderate
exercise
stints
per
day
in
the
exposure
chamber.
Reference:
Kulle,
T.
J.,
Sauder,
L.
R.,
Shanty,
F.,
Kerr,
H.
D.,
Farrell,
B.
P.,
Miller,
W.
R.
and
Milman,
J.
H.
1984.
Sulfur
dioxide
and
ammonium
sulfate
effects
on
pulmonary
function
and
bronchial
reactivity
in
human
subjects.
Am.
Ind.
Hyg.
Assoc.
J.
45:
156­
161.
53
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
6.
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STP
766.
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195.

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G.
1987.
Effect
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exposure
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commercial
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sulfate,
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670.
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Sathyanesan,
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G.
1986.
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648.

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Part
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Ammonium
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20­
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Morrow,
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W.
1982.
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to
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pollutant
aerosols.
Ann.
Occup.
Hyg.
26:
691­
697.

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64:
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268.
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
APPENDIX
A
 
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Ammonium
Sulfate.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
generally
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
DATE:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
No:
7783­
20­
2
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.2
Boiling
Point
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
2.3
Density
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.5
Partition
Coefficient
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
2.6
Water
Solubility
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
pH
and
pKa
Values
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.9
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.2
Monitoring
Data
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.3.1
Transport
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.3.2
Distribution
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
3.5
Biodegradation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.3
Toxicity
to
Algae
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Birds
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
No:
7783­
20­
2
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity
by
Other
Routes
of
Administration
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.8
Reproduction
Toxicity
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.9
Development/
Teratogenicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.11
Human
Experience
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
APPENDIX
B
 
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category:
Ammonia,
Aqua
Ammonia,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Urea,
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Thiosulfate,
Diammonium
Phosphate,
and
Monoammonium
Phosphate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Decomposition
­
78oC
­
77oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
­
33oC
at
1
atm
36oC
2.3
Density
0.696
g/
L
at
20oC
0.9
g/
mL
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
7,600
mm
Hg
at
25oC
2.159
x
103
mm
Hg
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
1.14
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
510­
530
g/
L
at
20oC
Miscible
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
10.6
in
0.01%

aqueous
solution
at
25oC
pKa:
9.25
at
25oC
4.75
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
DIN
51
794
651oC
at
1
atm
Not
applicable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
1.275
V
1.275
V
2.13A
Additional
Data
Soil
sorption
,

Reaction
cylinder
Similar
to
first
order
reaction
See
text
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
1.6
x
10­
5
atm
m3/
mol
2.13B
Specific
Gravity
0.6818
at
­
33.35oC
and
1
atm
2.13B
Viscosity
0.00982
cP
at
20oC
2.13B
Critical
Temperature
132­
133oC
2.13B
Critical
Pressure
111
atm
2.13B
Critical
Density
0.2362
g/
ml
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Undergoes
photolytic
degradation
3.12
Stability
in
Water
Field
study
in
Lake
St.

George,

Canada
Ke
=
25.6­
47.3
cm/
h
at
15.2­

15.0oC
Removed
from
aquatic
systems
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Laboratory
soil
columns
Mean
sorptions:

sand:
19%

loam:
28%

clay,
clay
loam,

and
silt
loam:
38%

3.3.1
Transport
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
I
99.98%
to
air,

<.
1%
each
to
water,
soil,
biota,

and
sediment
Miscible
in
water
3.5
Biodegradation
Rapidly
biodegraded
Miscible
in
water
and
readily
degrades
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Rapidly
assimilated
by
animals
and
plants
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Many
species
Mostly
96­
hr
LC50
=
0.09­
3.51
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Cyprinus
carpio
48
hr
semistatic
LC50
=
1.34­
1.70
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
103
mg/
L
Pimephalas
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
between
100
and
500
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48­
hr,
ASTM
E
729­
80
LC50
=
2.94
mg
un­
ionized
NH3­

N/
L
Daphnia
magna
48
hr
static
LC50
=
32
mg
HN4OH/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Benthic
diatoms
Up
to
25
days
LOEC
=
0.5­
1.0
mg
N/
L
See
text
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
LOEC
=
500
mg
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
5­
min,
tested
for
bioluminescence
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Many
species
Various
(
12
d­
5
yrs)
NOEC
=
0.025­
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Many
species
See
text
Ictalurus
punctatus
8
days
LC50
=
37.5
ppm
total
ammonia
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
D.
magna
&

others
21
d­
76
weeks
NOEC
=
0.163­

0.42
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
See
text
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Many
species
Various
(
4
mins­
16
hrs)
LOEC
=
3­
250
ppm
Can
cause
inhibition
of
photosynthesis
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
G.
domesticus
1
hr
injections
LD50
=
2.72
mM
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
350
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Cat
LD50
=
750
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat,
mouse
1
hr
LC50
=
4,230­

19,960
total
NH3/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Rat,
mouse
1
hr
intravenous
LC50
=
45.5­
195.1
mg
total
NH3/
kg
bw
Rabbit
i.
v.
LDLo
=
10
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
skin
Rabbit
Corrosive
at
20%

but
not
10%

5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Subacute
and
chronic
exposure
to
200­
1,000
ppm
produced
eye
damage.
100­
200
ppm
produced
moderate
to
severe
eye
irritation.
Rabbit
Irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rats,
guinea
pigs,
rabbits,

monkeys,

beagle
dogs
Inhalation,
up
to
770
mg/
m3
No
mortality
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium,

Saccharomyces
E.
coli
Bacterial
gene
mutation
assay
Negative
E.
coli
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chick
fibroblasts
Cytogenetic
assay
Induced
chromosomal
clumping,
polyploidy,
and
arrested
spindle
formation.
No
data
showing
that
ammonia
is
mutagenic
in
mammals.

5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Drosophila
melanogaster
Drosophila
mutagenicity
test
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
5.7
Carcinogenicity
No
carcinogenic
effects
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Pig
One
generation
study
Temporarily
depressed
mean
daily
gain
at
35
mg/
kg
in
gilts
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
51.0
Additional
Information
5.11
Human
Experience
Inhalation;

human
volunteers
Nasal
and
pulmonary
irritation
at
concentrations
of
about
100
ppm
and
higher
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
50
ppm
(
35
mg/
m3)
TLV
24
mg/
m3
24
mg/
m3
15
min
STELTLV
35
ppm
(
27
mg/
m3)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
133oC
169.6oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
135oC
(
at
101
kPa)

(
decomposes)
210oC
2.3
Density
750
kg/
m3
1.725
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Calculated
80
Pa
at
20oC
15
hPa
at
20oC
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
­
1.59
at
20­
25oC
OECD
107
­
3.1
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,193
g/
L
at
25oC
1,920
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
=
7.2
(
100
g/
L)
pH
=
5.43
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
under
high
temperature
or
strong
shocks
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Calculated
t1/
2
>
1
year
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.1
Transport
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated
(
Fugacity
Level
I)
0.16%
to
air
99.84%
to
water
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
0.251%
to
air
45.4%
to
water
54.2%
to
soil
0.757%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
OECD
302B
SCAS
24
hr
Ultimately
biodegradable
93­
98%
Readily
biodegraded
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Barillius
barna
96
hrs
LC50
>
9,100
mg/
L
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
48
hrs
LC50
=
1.15­
1.72
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
OECD
203
LC50
>
107
mg/
L
Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
96
hrs
LC50
=
420­
1,360
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
DIN
38412
Part
II;
24
hrs
EC50
>
10,000
mg/
L
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
192
hr
cell
multiplication
inhibition
test
TT
>
10,000
mg/
L
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Bullia
digitalis
Up
to
7
days
NOEC
=
300
mg/
L
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
Applications
of
nitrogenous
fertilizers
to
grassland
for
long
period
may
have
deleterious
effects
on
earthworms
in
the
absence
of
liming.

4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plant
Glycine
max
(
L.)
Merr.
7
days
exposure
to
9
mg
urea/
leaf
Leaf­
tip
necrosis
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Pigeon
Subcutaneous
LDLo
=
16,000
mg/
kg
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
14,300­

15,000
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,800
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
11,500­

13,000
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,462
mg/
kg
bw
Cattle
LD50
=
510
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,950
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
4,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.065
mg
NH4NO3­
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Mouse
10%
solution
Not
irritating
Rabbit
Moderately
irritating
Rabbit
50%
solution
Not
irritating
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
24
weeks;

dermal
NOAEL
=
40%
in
ointment
Rat
Inhalation;
2
weeks
NOAEL
=
185
mg/
m3
Rat
Inhalation;
4
weeks
NOAEL
=
1
mg/
m3
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
Mouse
Chromosomal
aberration
test
Mouse
lymphoma
TK
locus
assay
Positive
(
very
high
dose)
Positive
(
very
high
dose)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Mouse
Bone
marrow
cytogenetic
test
Positive
(
extremely
high
dose)

5.7
Carcinogenicity
Mouse
Rat
12
month
diet
12
month
diet
Not
carcinogenic
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Mouse
12
month
carcinogenicity
screening
No
toxic
effects
in
gonads
reported
Rat
12
month
carcinogenicity
No
toxic
effects
in
gonads
reported
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
2
doses/
day
x
14
days
gavage
Not
teratogenic
Rat
NOAEL
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
Despite
extensive
medical
use,
no
significant
side
effects
on
humans
have
been
noted
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
No
TLV
established
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
No
TLV
established
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
235­
512oC
150oC
155
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
872oC
Decomposes
2.3
Density
1.77
g/
mL
0.7­
1.679
g/
mL
0.93­
1.619
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
<
100
Pa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
5.1
2.6A
Water
Solubility
7.5
x
105
mg/
L
at
20oC
1,800
g/
L
at
20oC
588
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
5.0
200
g/
L
6.5­
7.2
~
8
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
if
mixed
with
oxidizers
May
explode
when
mixed
with
chlorate
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

fugacity
level
III
0.0156%
to
air
44.1%
to
water
55.8%
to
soil
0.0754%
to
sediment
Calculated,

fugacity
level
III
0.151%
to
air
49.9%
to
water
49.8%
to
soil
0.0893%
to
sediment
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
6.5
x
10­
15%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Coho
salmon,
Rainbow
trout,
Large
mouth
bass,

Fathead
minnow,
etc.
24­
96
hrs
LC50
=
90
to
>
1,500
mg/
L
Guppy
DIN
38412
LC50
>
200
mg/
L
Coho
salmon,
Chinook
salmon,
Rainbow
trout,
Bluegill,

Large
mouth
bass,
Tilapia,
Fathead
minnow
96
hrs
LC50
=
90­
1,875
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
50­
96
hrs
EC50
>
433
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
52
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
62
mg/
L
Snail,
Worm
96
hrs
LC50
=
1,005­

2,472
mg/
L
Snails,
worm
48­
96
hrs
LC50
=
>
100­
700
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
NOEC
=
250
mg
N/
L
Selenastrum
capricornutum
72
hrs
NOEC
(
toxicity)

=
97.1
mg
DAP/
L
NOEC
(
stimulation)
=

3.57
mg
DAP/
L
Various
17
days
NOEC
=
50
µ
g
NH4­
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
Microtox
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Anaerobic
bacteria
ETAD
fermentation
tube
EC50
=
3,000
mg/
L
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Rainbow
trout
12
&
35
days
LC50
=
0.26­
0.68
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Pink
salmon
21,
40
&
61
days
NOEC
=
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Channel
catfish
6
months
LOEC
=
100­
500
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
>
2,000
­

4,250
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
1,950­

2,890
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
640
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
2,100
­
>

3,000
mg/
kg
bw
Goat
LD50
=
3,500
mg/
kg
bw
Guinea
pig
LD50
=
1,100
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rabbit
1
hr
LD50
>
2,200
µ
g/
m3
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
2,260
mg/
m3
Mouse
4
hrs
LC50
>
1,800
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat,
mouse
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Rat
injected;
3
hrs
MLD
=
0.094
mg
(
NH4)
2SO4­
N
Mouse
i.
p.
LD50
=
610
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
Rabbit
OECD
404
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
Rabbit
OECD
405
Not
irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
8
months;
5
hrs/
day;
5
days/
wk;
inhalation
Mild
&
transient
effects
at
0.5
mg/
m3.
See
text
Rat
Oral;
45­
90
days
LOAEL
=
300
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
250
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
Inhalation;
2
or
4
months
LOAEL
=
26.77
mg/
m3
Rat
Dermal;
20
days
LOAEL
=
45%

(
NH4)
2S2O3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
OECD
473
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat,
mouse
Oral
single
dose
NOAEL
=
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Rat,
hamster
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Chicken
eggs
NOAEL
>
10
mg/
egg
Rat,
mouse,

hamster
Oral
NOAEL
>
550
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1­
2g
See
text
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
190
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
Decomposes
2.3
Density
1.83
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
<
100
Pa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
2.6A
Water
Solubility
328
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
4.2
in
0.2M
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
3.98
x
10­
12%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
85.9
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)

4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7783­
20­
2
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
.
Chromosomal
aberration
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
5.7
Carcinogenicity
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3