Document ID: EPA-R10-OAR-2017-0347-0001
Agency: epa
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: Air Quality Planning and Management: Indian Country: Federal Implementation Plan for the Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation, Washington; Redesignation to a PSD Class I Area
Posted Date: 2018-10-31T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 211 (Wednesday, October 31, 2018)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 54691-54696]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-23474]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Parts 49 and 52

[EPA-R10-OAR-2017-0347; FRL-9985-78-Region 10]

Indian Country: Air Quality Planning and Management; Federal 
Implementation Plan for the Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel 
Reservation, Washington; Redesignation to a PSD Class I Area

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to 
approve and seek public comment on the May 11, 2017, proposal by the 
Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation (herein referred 
to as the Kalispel Tribe of Indians or Kalispel Tribe) to redesignate 
lands within the exterior boundaries of the Kalispel Indian Reservation 
located in the State of Washington to Class I under the

[[Page 54692]]

Clean Air Act (Act or CAA) program for the prevention of significant 
deterioration (PSD) of air quality. Redesignation to Class I will 
result in lowering the allowable increases in ambient concentrations of 
particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen 
oxides (NOX) on the Kalispel Indian Reservation. The EPA is 
proposing to codify the redesignation through a revision to the Federal 
Implementation Plan (FIP) currently in place for the Kalispel Indian 
Reservation. This FIP will be implemented by the EPA unless or until it 
is replaced by a Tribal Implementation Plan (TIP).

DATES: Comments: Written comments must be received on or before 
December 14, 2018.
    Public hearing: A public hearing is offered to provide interested 
parties the opportunity to present information and opinions to the EPA 
concerning our proposal. Interested parties may also submit written 
comments, as discussed below. A public hearing on this matter will be 
held on December 6, 2018, between 6:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. Pacific 
Standard Time in the Newport Conference Room located in the Pend 
Oreille Public Utility District Building, 130 North Washington Street, 
Newport, Washington 83822. At the hearing, the hearing officer may 
limit oral testimony to 5 minutes per person. The hearing will be 
limited to the subject matter of this proposal, the scope of which is 
discussed below. Written comments may also be submitted at the hearing 
or by following the process described below. The EPA will not respond 
to comments during the public hearing. When we publish our final 
action, we will provide a written response to all relevant written or 
oral comments received on the proposal. The EPA will not be providing 
equipment for commenters to show overhead slides or make computerized 
slide presentations. A transcript of the hearing and written comments 
will be made available for copying during normal working hours at the 
address listed for inspection of documents, and also included in the 
docket for this proposed action. Any member of the public may provide 
written or oral comments and data pertaining to our proposal at the 
hearing. Note that any written comments and supporting information 
submitted during the comment period will be considered with the same 
weight as any oral comments presented at the public hearing.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R10-
OAR-2017-0347 at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot 
be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. The EPA may publish any 
comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any 
information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) 
or other information, the disclosure of which is restricted by statute. 
Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a 
written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment 
and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA 
will generally not consider comments or comment contents located 
outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other 
file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA 
public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, 
and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sandra Brozusky at (206) 553-5317, or 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document, wherever ``we,'' 
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, it is intended to refer to the EPA.

Table of Contents

I. Background
II. Proposed Action
III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
IV. Statutory Authority

I. Background

    Part C of the CAA contains the PSD program. The intent of this part 
is to prevent deterioration of existing air quality in areas having 
relatively clean air, i.e. areas meeting the National Ambient Air 
Quality Standards (NAAQS). The Act provides for three basic 
classifications applicable to all lands of the United States. 
Associated with each classification are increments which represent the 
increase in air pollutant concentrations that would be considered 
significant. PSD Class I allows the least amount of deterioration of 
existing air quality. PSD Class II allows a moderate amount of 
deterioration, while PSD Class III allows the greatest amount of 
deterioration. Under the 1977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, all 
areas of the country that met the NAAQS were initially designated as 
Class II, except for certain international parks, wilderness areas, 
national memorial parks and national parks, and any other areas 
previously designated Class I. The Act allows states and Indian 
governing bodies to redesignate areas under their jurisdiction to PSD 
Class I or PSD Class III to accommodate the social, economic, and 
environmental needs and desires of the local population.
    On May 11, 2017, the Kalispel Tribe submitted to the EPA an 
official proposal to redesignate the original Kalispel Reservation from 
Class II to Class I. The original Kalispel Reservation was established 
by Executive Order No. 1904, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on 
March 23, 1914. A copy of this Executive Order is included in the 
docket for this proposed action. The Kalispel Tribe submitted a 
supplement to the official proposal on July 13, 2017. The Kalispel 
Reservation is located in the State of Washington. With their proposal 
and supplement, the Kalispel Tribe submitted an analysis of the impacts 
of the redesignation within and outside of the proposed Class I area, 
documentation of the delivery and publication of appropriate notices, a 
record of the public hearing held on April 10, 2017, and comments 
received by the Kalispel Tribe on the proposed redesignation. The 
following discusses the requirements for a redesignation and how the 
Kalispel Tribe complied with those requirements.

A. Statutory and Regulatory Requirements for Redesignation

    Section 164 of the CAA and 40 CFR 52.21(g) outline the requirements 
for redesignation of areas under the PSD program. Section 164(c) of the 
CAA provides that the lands within the exterior boundaries of the 
reservations of Federally-recognized Indian tribes may be redesignated 
only by the appropriate Indian governing body. Under section 164(b)(2) 
of the CAA, Congress generally established a narrow role for the EPA in 
reviewing state and tribal PSD redesignations. Congress explained that 
the EPA may disapprove a redesignation only if it finds, after notice 
and opportunity for hearing, that the redesignation does not meet the 
procedural requirements of section 164 of the Act or it is inconsistent 
with section 162(a) or 164(a) of the CAA. See 42 U.S.C. 7474(b)(2). 
Section 162(a) of the Act establishes mandatory Class I areas and 
section 164(a) of the CAA identifies areas that may not be redesignated 
to Class III. See 42 U.S.C. 7472(a) & 7474(a). Because of the nature of 
the area proposed for redesignation to Class I, neither of these 
sections prohibit the proposed redesignation.
    The EPA is proposing this action in accordance with the 
requirements of section 164 of the CAA. In section 164

[[Page 54693]]

of the Act, Congress provides states and tribes the ultimate authority 
to reclassify any lands within their borders as Class I based on the 
following statutory and regulatory requirements:
    (1) At least one public hearing must be held in accordance with 
procedures established in 40 CFR 51.102. See 40 CFR 52.21(g)(2)(i).
    (2) Other States, Indian Governing Bodies, and Federal Land 
Managers whose lands may be affected by the proposed redesignation must 
be notified at least 30 days prior to the public hearing. See 40 CFR 
52.21(g)(2)(ii).
    (3) At least 30 days prior to the Tribe's public hearing, a 
discussion of the reasons for the proposed redesignation including a 
satisfactory description and analysis of the health, environmental, 
economic, social, and energy effects of the proposed redesignation must 
be prepared and made available for public inspection. See 40 CFR 
52.21(g)(2)(iii).
    (4) Prior to the issuance of the public notice for a proposed 
redesignation of an area that includes Federal lands, the Tribe must 
provide written notice to the appropriate Federal Land Manager and 
afford an adequate opportunity for the Federal Land Manager to confer 
with the Tribe and submit written comments and recommendations. See 40 
CFR 52.21(g)(2)(iv).
    (5) The proposal to redesignate has been made after consultation 
with the elected leadership of local and other substate general purpose 
governments in the area covered by the proposed redesignation. See 40 
CFR 52.21(g)(2)(v).
    (6) Prior to proposing the redesignation, the Indian Governing Body 
must consult with the State(s) in which the Indian Reservation is 
located and that border the Indian Reservation. See 40 CFR 
52.21(g)(4)(ii).
    (7) Following completion of the procedural steps and consultation, 
the Tribe must submit to the Administrator a proposal to redesignate 
the area. See 40 CFR 52.21(g)(4).

B. Kalispel Tribe of Indians' Submittal

    The May 11, 2017, proposal for redesignation and the July 13, 2017, 
supplement, submitted by Mr. Glen Nenema, Chairman of the Kalispel 
Business Council, include evidence that all statutory and regulatory 
requirements for redesignation of an Indian Reservation from Class II 
to Class I have been met by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians. The Kalispel 
Tribe of Indians is a Federally-recognized Indian Tribe.\1\ The 
Kalispel Business Council is the Indian governing body for the Kalispel 
Indian Reservation and only lands within the exterior boundaries of the 
Reservation are proposed for redesignation. The EPA proposes to find 
that the Tribe's submittal demonstrates that the Tribe met the 
requirements for redesignation discussed above, as follows:
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    \1\ 82 FR 4915, 4917 (Jan. 17, 2017).
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    (1) At least one public hearing must be held in accordance with 
procedures established in 40 CFR 51.102. See 40 CFR 52.21(g)(2)(i).
    The Kalispel Tribe conducted a public hearing on April 10, 2017, at 
the Kalispel Tribe's Camas Center for Community Wellness in Cusik, 
Washington. Notice of the hearing appeared in the area newspaper on 
March 8, 2017, at least 30 days prior to the hearing. The notice 
appeared again in the same area newspaper on March 15, 2017. The 
newspaper notices contained the date, time, and place of the hearing. 
The notices also included instructions for submitting comments on the 
proposal. In addition, the newspaper notices informed the public of the 
availability of a report entitled ``Kalispel Indian Reservation 
Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program Class I Redesignation 
Technical Report, Usk, Washington'' (Technical Report). The contents of 
the Technical Report are discussed further in section I.B(3). The 
Kalispel Tribe provided notice of the hearing to the State of 
Washington Department of Ecology on March 6, 2017, and EPA Region 10 on 
March 8, 2017. The Kalispel Tribe's submittal includes a certification 
that the hearing was held in compliance with 40 CFR 51.102, as well as 
a transcript of the hearing, notices, invitations to consult, and 
copies of comments received. These documents are included in the docket 
for this proposed action. Accordingly, the EPA proposes to determine 
that the hearing held by the Kalispel Tribe satisfied the public 
hearing requirement in 40 CFR 52.21(g)(2)(i).
    (2) Other States, Indian Governing Bodies, and Federal Land 
Managers whose lands may be affected by the proposed redesignation must 
be notified at least 30 days prior to the public hearing. See 40 CFR 
52.21(g)(2)(ii).
    The Kalispel Tribe's submittal includes copies of letters sent to 
several entities potentially affected by the proposed redesignation. 
Specifically, on March 4, 2017, the Tribe sent letters to Jay Inslee, 
the Governor of Washington, Clement ``Butch'' Otter, the Governor of 
Idaho, Mike Marchand, Chair of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville 
Reservation Tribal Government, and Carol Evans, Chair of the Spokane 
Tribe of Indians Tribal Government. These letters invited the entities 
to consult with the Kalispel Tribe on the proposed redesignation. In 
addition, on March 6, 2017, the Kalispel Tribe sent similar letters to 
the Federal Land Managers for the Little Pend Oreille National Forest, 
Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Colville National Forest, as well as 
the Spokane Office of the Bureau of Land Management. None of the letter 
recipients requested consultation with the Kalispel Tribe regarding the 
proposal. As discussed in section I.B(1), the Kalispel Tribe also ran 
public service notices in the area newspaper on March 8, 2017 and March 
15, 2017, announcing the public hearing. Based on the outreach to 
states, Indian governing bodies, and the Federal Land Managers whose 
lands may be affected by the proposed redesignation, the EPA proposes 
to determine that the Kalispel Tribe complied with the notice 
requirements of 40 CFR 52.21(g)(2)(ii).
    (3) At least 30 days prior to the Tribe's public hearing, a 
discussion of the reasons for the proposed redesignation including a 
satisfactory description and analysis of the health, environmental, 
economic, social and energy effects of the proposed redesignation must 
be prepared and made available for public inspection. See 40 CFR 
52.21(g)(2)(iii).
    In accordance with the requirement above, the Kalispel Tribe 
completed the Technical Report in February 2017. The Technical Report 
includes a description and analysis of the health, environmental, 
economic, social, and energy effects of the proposed redesignation. At 
least 30 days prior to the public hearing, the Kalispel Tribe made the 
Technical Report available on its website, as well as in hard copy form 
at the Kalispel Tribal Headquarters in Cusick, Washington.\2\ In 
addition, the Kalispel Tribe's May 11, 2017, proposal included 
documentation that availability of the Technical Report was sent to 
appropriate state, local, and Federal officials at least 30 days prior 
to the hearing.
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    \2\ https://www.kalispeltribe.com/kalispel-natural-resources-department/air-quality/airshed-redesignation. The Tribe's website 
also contains an Airshed FAQ and Class I Fact Sheet, which explain 
the basics of the PSD program, the reasons for the Tribe's proposal, 
as well as the potential effects if the Reservation is redesignated 
to Class I.
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    The Technical Report includes analyses of the health, 
environmental, economic, social, and energy effects of the proposed 
redesignation. The Technical Report contains a detailed comparison of 
baseline conditions, including climate, air quality, fish and wildlife, 
human health, and socioeconomics, to anticipated conditions following 
the redesignation. Information sources used to derive baseline 
conditions in the Technical

[[Page 54694]]

Report include ambient air quality monitoring data, potential emissions 
from sources located in or near the Reservation, wildlife surveys, 
census data, and commuting patterns.
    The Technical Report analyzes how the proposed redesignation will 
impact the baseline conditions by addressing the anticipated health, 
environmental, economic, social, and energy effects. Specifically, the 
Technical Report discusses the health and environmental benefits of 
preserving the existing air quality in and around the Kalispel 
Reservation by assessing the adverse health effects of increased 
concentrations of criteria pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen and 
oxides of sulfur. The Technical Report also includes a discussion of 
the impact of redesignation on the current and anticipated future 
economic trends in the area. The Technical Report additionally 
describes the importance of maintaining good air quality to the social 
and cultural values and health of the Kalispel people.
    The Kalispel Tribe also commissioned two supplemental analyses to 
address the energy and socioeconomic impacts of reclassification. The 
supplemental energy impact analysis employed air dispersion modeling to 
simulate the impacts of redesignating the area to Class I on two 
hypothetical energy projects. According to the supplemental analysis, 
the expected emissions from either project would not interfere with 
maintaining the Class I PSD increments. Our analysis found that the air 
dispersion modeling was performed in compliance with the EPA Guideline 
on Air Quality Modeling codified at 40 CFR part 51, Appendix W. The 
EPA's analysis of the modeling conducted for the Technical Report is 
included the docket for this proposed action. These supplemental 
analyses were included as appendices to the Technical Report. The 
Technical Report and supplemental analyses are included in the docket 
for this proposed action.
    Based on the analyses discussed above, the Technical Report 
concludes that the redesignation will result in a reduction in future 
health problems for those residing in and around the Kalispel 
Reservation, enhanced protection for the health and cultural use of 
natural resources, and overall improved economic well-being with 
minimal damage to local economic vitality. Accordingly, we propose to 
determine that the Kalispel Tribe satisfied the requirement to make 
publicly available 30 days in advance of the public hearing a 
satisfactory description and analysis of the health, environmental, 
economic, social, and energy effects of the proposed redesignation.
    (4) Prior to the issuance of the public notice for a proposed 
redesignation of an area that includes Federal lands, the Tribe must 
provide written notice to the appropriate Federal Land Manager (FLM) 
and afford an adequate opportunity for the FLM to confer with the Tribe 
and submit written comments and recommendations. See 40 CFR 
52.21(g)(2)(iv).
    The Kalispel Tribe proposed to redesignate from Class II to Class I 
only those lands within the exterior boundaries of the Kalispel Indian 
Reservation. Therefore, the Kalispel Tribe is the Federal Land Manager 
for the lands subject to redesignation. Even so, as discussed in 
section I.B(2), the Kalispel Tribe offered several Forest Supervisors 
for neighboring National Forests the opportunity to confer prior to 
issuing the public notice. Therefore, we propose to determine that the 
Tribe has satisfied this requirement.
    (5) The proposal to redesignate has been made after consultation 
with the elected leadership of local and other substate general purpose 
governments in the area covered by the proposed redesignation. See 40 
CFR 52.21(g)(2)(v).
    The regulation at 40 CFR 52.21(g)(2)(v) requires consultation with 
the elected leadership of the local and other substate general purpose 
government ``in the area covered by the proposed redesignation.'' The 
lands covered by the proposed redesignation lie wholly within the 
exterior boundaries of the Kalispel Indian Reservation. The Kalispel 
Business Council is the exclusive governing authority in the Kalispel 
Indian Reservation. There is no requirement for a finding on what areas 
may be affected by a proposed redesignation or notice to such 
government in such areas. Nevertheless, on March 6, 2017, the Kalispel 
Tribe sent a courtesy notice of the Tribe's intent to propose 
redesignation, as well as the date, time, and location for the public 
hearing and the availability of the Technical Report to several Pend 
Oreille County officials. The notice solicited the County's input on 
the proposed redesignation. The EPA is proposing to determine that the 
Kalispel Tribe satisfied the requirement to consult with the elected 
leadership of local and other substate general purpose governments in 
the area covered by the proposed redesignation prior to submitting the 
proposal.
    (6) Prior to proposing the redesignation, the Indian Governing Body 
must consult with the State(s) in which the Reservation is located and 
that border the Reservation. See 40 CFR 52.21(g)(4)(ii).
    The Kalispel Indian Reservation is located in the State of 
Washington. On March 4, 2017, the Kalispel Tribe sent a letter to the 
Governor of Washington inviting the State to consult with the Tribe on 
the proposal to redesignate the Kalispel Reservation to a Class I area. 
On the same date, the Tribe sent a similar letter to the Governor of 
Idaho, despite the fact that the Reservation does not border the State 
of Idaho. Neither the State of Washington, nor the State of Idaho 
requested consultation. Therefore, we are proposing to determine that 
the Kalispel Tribe satisfied this requirement.
    (7) Following completion of the procedural requirements, the Tribe 
must submit to the Administrator a proposal to redesignate the area. 
See 40 CFR 52.21(g)(4).
    On May 11, 2017, Glen Nenema, Chairman of the Kalispel Business 
Council, submitted to the EPA Region 10 Regional Administrator the 
Kalispel Tribe's proposal to redesignate the lands within the exterior 
boundaries of the Kalispel Indian Reservation to a Class I area under 
the CAA PSD program.\3\ Chairman Nenema supplemented the initial 
proposal on July 13, 2017. The Kalispel Business Council is the 
official governing body of the Kalispel Tribe. Therefore, the EPA 
proposes to determine that the Kalispel Tribe complied with the 
requirement that the Tribe submit to the Administrator a proposal to 
redesignate the area.
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    \3\ EPA Delegation of Authority 7-164 authorizes the Regional 
Administrator of EPA Region 10 to propose or take final action on a 
FIP under Section 301(d) of the Clean Air Act that applies only in 
Indian Country in Region 10.
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II. Proposed Action

    The EPA's review has not found any procedural deficiencies 
associated with the Kalispel Tribe's proposal. Accordingly, pursuant to 
section 164 of the CAA and 40 CFR 52.21(g), the redesignation is hereby 
proposed for approval. The EPA is proposing to codify the redesignation 
through a revision to the FIP currently in place for the Kalispel 
Indian Reservation. See 40 CFR 49.10191-49.10220. This FIP will be 
implemented by the EPA unless or until it is replaced by a TIP. To 
ensure transparency, the EPA is also proposing a clarifying revision to 
the Washington State Implementation Plan at 40 CFR part 52 subpart WW, 
which would inform any party interested in Washington's significant 
deterioration of air quality provisions that the Kalispel Reservation 
is a Class I area for purposes of prevention of significant

[[Page 54695]]

deterioration of air quality. The public is invited to comment on 
whether the Kalispel Tribe has met all procedural requirements of 
section 164 of the CAA and 40 CFR 52.21(g), as well as the EPA's 
proposal to codify the redesignation through a revision to the FIP 
currently in place for the Kalispel Indian Reservation and proposed 
revision to the Washington State Implementation Plan.

III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the 
terms of the Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 
1993) and is therefore not subject to review under the E.O., and was 
not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review.

B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulation and Controlling 
Regulatory Costs

    This action is not expected to be an Executive Order 13771 
regulatory action because this action is not significant under 
Executive Order 12866.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This action does not impose an information collection burden under 
the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. 
We are not proposing to promulgate any new paperwork requirements 
(e.g., monitoring, reporting, record keeping) as part of this proposed 
action. The regulation at 40 CFR 49.10198 incorporates by reference the 
Federal PSD program promulgated at 40 CFR 52.21. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has previously approved the information 
collection requirements contained in the existing regulations (40 CFR 
52.21) under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 
3501 et seq., and has assigned OMB control number 2060-0003, EPA ICR 
number 1230.32.

D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business 
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.

    The RFA generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory 
flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment 
rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedures Act or any 
other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. 
Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small 
governmental jurisdictions.
    For the purposes of assessing the impacts of this final action on 
small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) A small business as 
defined by the Small Business Administration's (SBA) regulations at 13 
CFR 121.201; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government 
of a city, county, town, school district, or special district with a 
population of less than 50,000; or (3) a small organization that is any 
not-for-profit enterprise that is independently owned and operated and 
is not dominant in its field. I certify that this action will not have 
a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities 
under the RFA. This proposed action will not impose any new 
requirements on small entities. If finalized, this proposed action 
would redesignate to Class I only those lands within the exterior 
boundaries of the Kalispel Indian Reservation under the CAA's PSD 
program. The PSD permitting requirements already apply on the 
Reservation as well as the surrounding area. In addition, the PSD 
permitting requirements only apply to the construction of new major 
stationary sources or major modifications to existing major stationary 
sources. Therefore, the EPA does not anticipate this proposed action 
having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public 
Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the 
effects of their regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal 
governments and the private sector. This proposed action does not 
contain any unfunded mandate as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, 
and does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The 
proposed action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local, or 
tribal governments or the private sector. Nor does this action create 
additional requirements beyond those already applicable under the 
existing PSD permitting requirements.

F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This proposed action does not have Federalism implications. It will 
not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship 
between the national government and the states, or on the distribution 
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. 
This proposed action does not change the relationship between the 
states and the EPA regarding implementation of the PSD permitting 
requirements in the area. The EPA administers the PSD permitting 
requirements within the Kalispel Reservation. The States of Washington 
and Idaho administer the permitting requirements in the nearby areas.

G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This proposed action has tribal implications. However, it will 
neither impose substantial direct compliance cost on Federally-
recognized tribal governments, nor preempt tribal law. The EPA is 
proposing this action in response to the Kalispel Tribe's proposal to 
redesignate the Kalispel Reservation from a Class II to a Class I area. 
If this proposed action is finalized, then major stationary sources 
proposed to be constructed within the boundaries of the Kalispel 
Reservation will be required to demonstrate that the source does not 
contribute to an exceedance of the lower PSD increments for Class I 
areas. Nonetheless, pursuant to the EPA Policy on Consultation and 
Coordination with Indian Tribes, the EPA consulted with tribal 
officials early in the process of developing this proposed action so 
that they could have meaningful and timely input into its development. 
The Kalispel Tribe submitted its proposal on May 11, 2017. Subsequent 
to receiving the submission, the EPA communicated and corresponded with 
the Tribe numerous times throughout the review process.

H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health & Safety Risks

    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks 
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect 
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in 
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. Redesignation of the Kalispel 
Indian Reservation to Class I from Class II will reduce the allowable 
increase in ambient concentrations of various types of pollutants. The 
reduction of allowable increases in these pollutants can only be 
expected to better protect the health of tribal members, members of the 
surrounding communities, and especially children and asthmatics. See 78 
FR 3086 (regarding the specific human health consequences of exposure 
to elevated levels of coarse and fine particles); 82 FR 34,792 
(regarding the specific human

[[Page 54696]]

health consequences of exposure to elevated levels of nitrogen 
dioxide); 75 FR 35,520 (regarding the specific human health 
consequences of exposure to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide).

I. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy 
Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This proposed action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, 
because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 
12866.

J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    This proposed action does not involve technical standards. This 
action merely proposes to redesignate the Kalispel Reservation as a 
Class I area for the purposes of the PSD permitting requirements.

K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes that this proposed action does not have 
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental 
effects on minority populations, low-income populations and/or 
indigenous peoples, as specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, 
February 16, 1994). Prior to this proposal, the EPA reviewed population 
centers within and around the Kalispel Indian Reservation to identify 
areas with environmental justice concerns. The results of this review 
are included in the docket for this proposed action.
    Redesignating the Kalispel Indian Reservation will not have an 
adverse human health or environmental effect on residents within the 
Reservation or in the surrounding community. On the contrary, by 
lowering the applicable PSD increments, the redesignation will be more 
protective of air quality. The following pollutants are subject to the 
increment requirement: Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), 
Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulfur Dioxide 
(SO2), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). Exposure to 
these pollutants is known to have a causal relationship with adverse 
health effects, such as premature mortality (PM2.5, 
PM10, SO2), exacerbation of asthma 
(NO2 and SO2), and other respiratory effects 
(NO2 and SO2). See 78 FR 3086, 82 FR 34,792, and 
75 FR 35,520. Therefore, a reduction of the allowable emissions of 
these pollutants in this area lowers the risk to the surrounding 
communities of adverse health effects.

IV. Statutory Authority

    The statutory authority for this proposed action is provided by 
sections 110, 301 and 164 of the CAA as amended (42 U.S.C. 7410, 7601, 
and 7474) and 40 CFR part 52.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 49

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Indians, 
Intergovernmental relations, Particulate matter, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Lead, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, 
Particulate matter, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur 
oxides, Volatile organic compounds.

    Dated: October 17, 2018.
Chris Hladick,
Regional Administrator, Region 10.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, 40 CFR parts 49 and 52 are 
proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 49--INDIAN COUNTRY: AIR QUALITY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

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1. The authority citation for part 49 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

Subpart M--Implementation Plans for Tribes--Region X

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2. Revise Sec.  49.10198 to read as follows:

Sec.  49.10198  Permits to construct.

    (a) Permits to construct are required for new major stationary 
sources and major modifications to existing stationary sources pursuant 
to 40 CFR 52.21.
    (b) In accordance with section 164 of the Clean Air Act and the 
provisions of 40 CFR 52.21(g), the original Kalispel Reservation, as 
established by Executive Order No. 1904, signed by President Woodrow 
Wilson on March 23, 1914, is designated as a Class I area for the 
purposes of prevention of significant deterioration of air quality.

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

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3. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart WW--Washington

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4. In Sec.  52.2497, add paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  52.2497  Significant deterioration of air quality.

* * * * *
    (d) The regulations at 40 CFR 49.10191 through 49.10220 contain the 
Federal Implementation Plan for the Kalispel Indian Community of the 
Kalispel Reservation, Washington. The regulation at 40 CFR 49.10198(b) 
designates the original Kalispel Reservation, as established by 
Executive Order No. 1904, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on March 
23, 1914, as a Class I area for purposes of prevention of significant 
deterioration of air quality.

[FR Doc. 2018-23474 Filed 10-30-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P