Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0604-0009
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2008-08-27T04:00Z

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D. C.  20460

		

	OFFICE OF

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Nov. 1, 2005

									PC Code: 027401

									DP Barcode: 322919

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: 	Drinking Water Assessment for New Use of Dichlobenil on
Rhubarb	

FROM: 	Jonathan Angier, Ph.D.

		Environmental Risk Branch 2

		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)	

		

TO:		Daniel Rosenblatt, Chief

		Minor Use, Inerts & Emergency Response Branch

		Registration Division (7505C)

THRU:	Tom A. Bailey, Ph.D.		

		Chief, Environmental Risk Branch 2

		Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507C)	

	This memorandum regards a proposed new use for Dichlobenil as an
herbicide for use on the food crop Rhubarb.  The proposed usage would
entail applying annually up to 2 lbs a.i. per acre of Rhubarb crop, in a
single application.  This proposed new use should not present additional
significant contamination potential for either surface water drinking
water sources or ground water drinking water sources; this is largely
because the recommended application amount is 2-10X lower than maximum
amounts currently allowed for other uses.  In addition, Rhubarb is a
very minor crop grown in relatively small amounts in few places.  For
example, the predicted maximum ground water concentration obtained from
the SciGrow model for proposed Rhubarb usage is 0.93 ppb.  The predicted
ground water concentration for control of Nutsedge in non-crop areas
(using the already approved maximum allowed amount of 20 lbs a.i./acre,
according to the label) is 9.27 ppb.  

	Below are the model results for predicted surface water concentrations
(using PRZM/EXAMS model) and ground water concentrations (using
SciGrow).  There were no specific PRZM scenarios for Rhubarb, so the
closest surrogates were used instead.  In this case, the nearest
surrogates for which scenarios were available (in terms of crop type,
agricultural practices, and setting) were: Lettuce, Cabbage, and Sugar
Beet.  Three different regions were also selected, to evaluate impacts
in different areas where the crop might be grown: California (lettuce),
Florida (cabbage), and Minnesota (sugar beet).  Results from SciGrow
were obtained using the maximum proposed application rate for Rhubarb. 
Results are listed below; all PRZM values have had Percent Cropped Area
(PCA) adjustments of 87% applied.

SURFACE WATER DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATIONS (ppb) FOR PARENT DICHLOBENIL
USE ON RHUBARB, MODELED USING PRZM/EXAMS:

		Peak (acute)		1 in 10 Year Annual Mean		30 Year Overall Mean

CAlettuce*	54.97				2.42					1.233 

FLcabbage*	35.82				0.894					0.422 

MNbeet*	15.28				0.711					0.346 

	* Surrogate scenarios chosen to represent Rhubarb, in the absence of an
approved PRZM/EXAMS scenario specific to Rhubarb production.

GROUND WATER DRINKING WATER CONCENTRATIONS FOR PARENT DICHLOBENIL USE ON
RHUBARB, MODELED USING SCIGROW:

SciGrow output = 0.93 ppb

	In comparison, results from PRZM/EXAMS model runs indicate that
potential surface water concentrations resulting from already approved
label usage are likely to be substantially higher.  Included below are
results from runs using recommended maximum application rates for
control of weeds in fruit and nut orchards (6 lbs a.i./acre), in
non-crop areas (12 lbs a.i./acre), and for control of Nutsedge (20 lbs
a.i./acre).  The Oregon Apple PRZM scenario was used for orchard crops,
Florida Turf was used as a proxy for Nutsedge control in non-crop areas,
and Pennsylvania Turf used for weed control in non-crop areas.  In each
case, predicted concentrations were consistently higher for these
approved uses than for the proposed new use on Rhubarb.  Predicted PRZM
surface water concentration values (with PCA adjustments) are listed
below.

		Peak (acute)		1 in 10 Year Annual Mean		30 Year Overall Mean

ORapple	108.75				3.724					1.953

FLturf		298.3				4.615					1.145

PAturf		78.5				2.907					1.159

SciGrow output for FLturf (Nutsedge control) = 9.27 ppb

FATE PARAMETERS USED FOR MODELING DICHLOBENIL:

Parameter	Value	Reference

Molecular Weight	172 g/mol	ChemFinder.com (  HYPERLINK
"http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp" 
http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp )

Vapor Pressure	5E-4 torr	1998 Dichlobenil RED

Henry’s Law Constant	1.01E-5 atm-m3/mol	ChemFinder.com (  HYPERLINK
"http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp" 
http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp )

Solubility	21 mg/L	PAN Pesticides Database (  HYPERLINK
"http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35057" 
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35057 )

Kd	6.4	Averaged from 5 soils (MRID 43611101)

Koc	237	Averaged from 5 soils (MRID 43611101)

Hydrolysis	pH 5: stable

pH 7: stable

pH 9: stable	(MRID 40548502)

Aqueous Photolysis	15.1 days	(MRID 41709801)

Aerobic Aquatic	2.4 days	(MRID 41149501)

Anaerobic Aquatic	1022 days	(MRID 41306001)

Aerobic Soil	324 days	(MRID 41340601, 43006803)

Kow	549.5	ChemFinder.com (  HYPERLINK
"http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp" 
http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp )

Environmental Fate Summary:

	Dichlobenil dissipates in the environment (on soil and in surface
water) principally by volatilization. However, it is persistent under
field conditions that reduce the potential for volatilization (e.g.,
cooler climates).  When transformation occurs through aerobic soil
metabolism, a degradate, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), is generated
(13.1% at 50 weeks – MRID 41340601).  Under conditions where
dichlobenil does not volatilize there is potential for both dichlobenil
and BAM to move into ground water; this is especially likely in regions
with soils that are permeable and have low organic matter content, and
where groundwater is shallow.

	Dichlobenil was stable to hydrolysis and photodegradation on soil. 
Dichlobenil was persistent in aerobic soil conditions (half-life of 324
days) and extremely persistent under anaerobic aquatic conditions
(half-life of 2.8 years).

	Terrestrial field dissipation study results were consistent with lab
study results, with volatilization occurring more readily in warmer
climates.  Field dissipation studies also determined that BAM forms
throughout the subsurface and typically leaches much further into the
soil profile than the parent (MRID 41385601).  Dichlobenil was detected
in an Oregon soil (silt loam) at depths up to 60 inches, with most of
the compound remaining within the top 12 inches over the course of the
540 day study.  The degradate BAM was found at depths of 96 inches;
however, this was the deepest depth sampled in this study, so it is
likely that BAM is capable of penetrating much deeper, especially since
it was found at this depth in most of the sampling intervals.  These
deeper samples were not obtained until 393 days after treatment, so BAM
had penetrated below 96 inches prior to this time. 

	Both dichlobenil and BAM can be very mobile and persistent under
anaerobic conditions.  A tier 1 ground water assessment (SciGrow model)
yielded a predicted ground water drinking water concentration of 9.3
ppb.  With an estimated lifetime Health Advisory of 9 ppb for
dichlobenil, it is possible that residues that approach or exceed these
levels will be found in ground water.  	There is currently insufficient
data available on the formation and degradation of BAM, and its fate in
the environment.  Thus, BAM can neither be assessed individually, nor as
a cumulative risk along with parent dichlobenil.  However, given what is
known about this degradate (e.g., solubility, persistence, leaching
potential), it is likely to be a greater concern for ground water than
the parent dichlobenil.

	Dichlobenil is predicted to volatilize from most surface waters;
therefore, its persistence in the surface water environment will depend
primarily on the environmental factors which control volatility rates
(temperature, wind speed, humidity, etc.).

PRZM/EXAMS RUN FOR DICHLOBENIL USAGE ON RHUBARB (CA lettuce surrogate):

stored as Dichlobenil rhubarb-CA(DW).out

Chemical: Dichlobenil

PRZM environment: CAlettuceC.txt	modified Monday, 11 October 2004 at
16:23:40

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w23273.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:22

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	42.5	36.64	17.06	6.345	4.23	1.043

1962	50.17	43.18	23.28	12.5	8.508	2.13

1963	31.37	26.23	13.78	6.747	4.916	1.243

1964	10.47	8.507	3.938	1.574	1.549	0.675

1965	24.17	18.63	4.08	1.935	1.291	0.5384

1966	61.65	48.97	25.17	9.746	6.498	2.134

1967	52.02	39.75	18.24	7.071	4.877	1.552

1968	4.808	3.603	1.512	0.7035	0.6856	0.3258

1969	43.97	34.55	22.72	9.575	6.441	1.603

1970	44.36	34.35	14.29	5.627	3.753	1.814

1971	16.66	14.54	4.856	1.757	1.172	0.5774

1972	9.571	7.766	3.941	2.754	1.944	0.6769

1973	58.43	45.61	22.76	11.73	7.962	2.858

1974	109	84.39	35.7	14.21	9.499	3.621

1975	28.57	22.89	10.27	5.393	4.03	1.032

1976	52.47	42.96	18.78	7.312	4.962	1.475

1977	63.35	47.07	14.78	5.174	3.451	1.778

1978	39.74	33	21.4	10.91	7.42	1.994

1979	29.05	22.3	9.559	4.851	3.399	1.242

1980	36.49	30.86	14.22	7.966	5.56	1.85

1981	24.72	20.24	14.12	8.023	5.477	1.386

1982	13.36	10.58	5.037	2.884	2.19	0.8266

1983	66.22	54.51	33.33	14.24	9.799	2.92

1984	42.82	34.03	18.51	7.077	4.734	1.288

1985	17.66	13.71	6.073	2.607	1.758	0.8154

1986	24.37	19.36	8.642	4.523	3.159	1.22

1987	22.28	17.14	8.508	4.292	2.95	1.457

1988	36.08	28.17	17.37	6.086	4.059	1.616

1989	9.706	7.63	3.461	1.56	1.065	0.2811

1990	13.46	10.31	5.284	2.824	1.917	0.532

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	109	84.39	35.7	14.24	9.799	3.621

0.0645161290322581	66.22	54.51	33.33	14.21	9.499	2.92

0.0967741935483871	63.35	48.97	25.17	12.5	8.508	2.858

0.129032258064516	61.65	47.07	23.28	11.73	7.962	2.134

0.161290322580645	58.43	45.61	22.76	10.91	7.42	2.13

0.193548387096774	52.47	43.18	22.72	9.746	6.498	1.994

0.225806451612903	52.02	42.96	21.4	9.575	6.441	1.85

0.258064516129032	50.17	39.75	18.78	8.023	5.56	1.814

0.290322580645161	44.36	36.64	18.51	7.966	5.477	1.778

0.32258064516129	43.97	34.55	18.24	7.312	4.962	1.616

0.354838709677419	42.82	34.35	17.37	7.077	4.916	1.603

0.387096774193548	42.5	34.03	17.06	7.071	4.877	1.552

0.419354838709677	39.74	33	14.78	6.747	4.734	1.475

0.451612903225806	36.49	30.86	14.29	6.345	4.23	1.457

0.483870967741936	36.08	28.17	14.22	6.086	4.059	1.386

0.516129032258065	31.37	26.23	14.12	5.627	4.03	1.288

0.548387096774194	29.05	22.89	13.78	5.393	3.753	1.243

0.580645161290323	28.57	22.3	10.27	5.174	3.451	1.242

0.612903225806452	24.72	20.24	9.559	4.851	3.399	1.22

0.645161290322581	24.37	19.36	8.642	4.523	3.159	1.043

0.67741935483871	24.17	18.63	8.508	4.292	2.95	1.032

0.709677419354839	22.28	17.14	6.073	2.884	2.19	0.8266

0.741935483870968	17.66	14.54	5.284	2.824	1.944	0.8154

0.774193548387097	16.66	13.71	5.037	2.754	1.917	0.6769

0.806451612903226	13.46	10.58	4.856	2.607	1.758	0.675

0.838709677419355	13.36	10.31	4.08	1.935	1.549	0.5774

0.870967741935484	10.47	8.507	3.941	1.757	1.291	0.5384

0.903225806451613	9.706	7.766	3.938	1.574	1.172	0.532

0.935483870967742	9.571	7.63	3.461	1.56	1.065	0.3258

0.967741935483871	4.808	3.603	1.512	0.7035	0.6856	0.2811

0.1	63.18	48.78	24.981	12.423	8.4534	2.7856

					Average of yearly averages:	1.41682

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: Dichlobenil rhubarb-CA(DW)

Metfile:	w23273.dvf

PRZM scenario:	CAlettuceC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	Dichlobenil

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	172	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.01E-5	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	5E-4	torr

Solubility	sol	21	mg/L

Kd	Kd	6.4	mg/L

Koc	Koc	237	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	15.1	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	2.4	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	1022	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	324	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	2.24	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT		fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-12	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)

PRZM/EXAMS RUN FOR DICHLOBENIL USAGE ON RHUBARB (FL cabbage surrogate):

stored as Dichlobenil rhubarb-FL(DW).out

Chemical: Dichlobenil

PRZM environment: FLcabbageC.txt	modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at
16:39:00

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w12842.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	41.74	28.35	9.335	3.267	2.178	0.5371

1962	4.398	3.1	1.411	0.5769	0.6176	0.1659

1963	14.96	11.82	5.414	2.616	1.792	0.53

1964	28.66	20.38	7.632	3.745	2.559	1.029

1965	14.98	10.63	3.517	1.231	0.8211	0.2999

1966	12.48	9.053	3.964	1.719	1.176	0.3081

1967	10.93	7.762	3.553	1.307	0.8739	0.3552

1968	4.65	2.571	0.6849	0.3626	0.2599	0.1061

1969	66.06	51.93	19.81	7.004	4.67	1.837

1970	7.339	6.081	3.024	1.768	1.264	0.3185

1971	25.68	19.97	6.922	2.596	1.812	0.5919

1972	16.3	11.02	5.084	2.133	1.448	0.5711

1973	10.94	7.761	3.895	1.697	1.131	0.459

1974	16.04	11.98	4.373	1.531	1.021	0.3524

1975	2.074	1.091	0.5172	0.2103	0.1729	0.0678

1976	20.44	11.93	3.339	1.362	1.049	0.2723

1977	9.617	7.326	3.037	1.39	0.9388	0.3163

1978	11.29	7.925	2.115	1.406	0.9618	0.3553

1979	14.27	10.22	5.676	2.87	2.244	0.6755

1980	3.456	2.535	1.243	0.7683	0.6384	0.1687

1981	55.55	38.8	13.5	5.151	3.449	1.318

1982	13.98	9.988	4.708	2.08	1.577	0.4886

1983	36.07	26.93	10.75	3.761	2.508	1.019

1984	5.412	3.942	1.586	0.8963	0.6536	0.1727

1985	7.031	4.379	1.235	0.6611	0.471	0.1897

1986	17.48	13.44	4.501	1.637	1.422	0.3791

1987	8.356	5.541	2.456	1.388	1.494	0.4027

1988	15.94	11.12	3.862	2.137	1.477	0.6028

1989	11.4	9.342	5.787	2.158	1.439	0.5112

1990	6.372	4.232	1.926	0.8253	0.5942	0.1579

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	66.06	51.93	19.81	7.004	4.67	1.837

0.0645161290322581	55.55	38.8	13.5	5.151	3.449	1.318

0.0967741935483871	41.74	28.35	10.75	3.761	2.559	1.029

0.129032258064516	36.07	26.93	9.335	3.745	2.508	1.019

0.161290322580645	28.66	20.38	7.632	3.267	2.244	0.6755

0.193548387096774	25.68	19.97	6.922	2.87	2.178	0.6028

0.225806451612903	20.44	13.44	5.787	2.616	1.812	0.5919

0.258064516129032	17.48	11.98	5.676	2.596	1.792	0.5711

0.290322580645161	16.3	11.93	5.414	2.158	1.577	0.5371

0.32258064516129	16.04	11.82	5.084	2.137	1.494	0.53

0.354838709677419	15.94	11.12	4.708	2.133	1.477	0.5112

0.387096774193548	14.98	11.02	4.501	2.08	1.448	0.4886

0.419354838709677	14.96	10.63	4.373	1.768	1.439	0.459

0.451612903225806	14.27	10.22	3.964	1.719	1.422	0.4027

0.483870967741936	13.98	9.988	3.895	1.697	1.264	0.3791

0.516129032258065	12.48	9.342	3.862	1.637	1.176	0.3553

0.548387096774194	11.4	9.053	3.553	1.531	1.131	0.3552

0.580645161290323	11.29	7.925	3.517	1.406	1.049	0.3524

0.612903225806452	10.94	7.762	3.339	1.39	1.021	0.3185

0.645161290322581	10.93	7.761	3.037	1.388	0.9618	0.3163

0.67741935483871	9.617	7.326	3.024	1.362	0.9388	0.3081

0.709677419354839	8.356	6.081	2.456	1.307	0.8739	0.2999

0.741935483870968	7.339	5.541	2.115	1.231	0.8211	0.2723

0.774193548387097	7.031	4.379	1.926	0.8963	0.6536	0.1897

0.806451612903226	6.372	4.232	1.586	0.8253	0.6384	0.1727

0.838709677419355	5.412	3.942	1.411	0.7683	0.6176	0.1687

0.870967741935484	4.65	3.1	1.243	0.6611	0.5942	0.1659

0.903225806451613	4.398	2.571	1.235	0.5769	0.471	0.1579

0.935483870967742	3.456	2.535	0.6849	0.3626	0.2599	0.1061

0.967741935483871	2.074	1.091	0.5172	0.2103	0.1729	0.0678

0.1	41.173	28.208	10.6085	3.7594	2.5539	1.028

					Average of yearly averages:	0.485293333333333

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: Dichlobenil rhubarb-FL(DW)

Metfile:	w12842.dvf

PRZM scenario:	FLcabbageC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	Dichlobenil

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	172	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.01E-5	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	5E-4	torr

Solubility	sol	21	mg/L

Kd	Kd	6.4	mg/L

Koc	Koc	237	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	15.1	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	2.4	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	1022	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	324	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	2.24	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT		fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-12	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)

PRZM/EXAMS RUN FOR DICHLOBENIL USAGE ON RHUBARB (MN sugar beet
surrogate):

stored as Dichlobenil rhubarb-MN(DW).out

Chemical: Dichlobenil

PRZM environment: MNsugarbeetC.txt	modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at
17:05:10

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w14914.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:05:52

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	0	0	0	0	0	0

1962	2.6	2.216	1.453	0.8044	0.6168	0.1543

1963	9.637	8.154	3.935	1.755	1.226	0.3272

1964	6.152	4.821	2.723	1.321	1.092	0.2827

1965	15.76	12.83	7.934	3.269	2.196	0.5463

1966	11.05	9.929	6.605	3.072	2.083	0.5227

1967	6.03	5.028	2.947	2.236	1.556	0.3905

1968	2.908	2.296	1.585	1.175	0.8339	0.2091

1969	23.53	19.34	9.207	3.588	2.471	0.6477

1970	12.08	9.791	6.521	2.848	1.964	0.5013

1971	3.479	2.858	1.959	0.8605	0.8072	0.2152

1972	17.34	15.58	10.61	4.627	3.335	0.8359

1973	4.976	4.148	2.166	0.9199	0.6284	0.1694

1974	6.042	4.835	2.607	1.569	1.177	0.2978

1975	7.632	6.858	4.593	2.486	1.667	0.444

1976	5.612	5.043	3.344	1.949	1.309	0.3239

1977	20.91	13.67	9.936	5.187	3.9	1.095

1978	10.7	9.36	5.14	2.092	1.471	0.4714

1979	15.78	14.18	9.356	6.207	4.169	1.039

1980	7.143	6.029	2.727	1.018	0.7143	0.2299

1981	10.25	7.768	3.414	1.296	0.8741	0.2191

1982	9.487	8.339	4.375	2.006	1.359	0.3947

1983	3.086	2.773	1.904	0.8743	0.6102	0.1863

1984	4.887	4.391	3.158	1.57	1.179	0.3503

1985	5.796	5.008	2.662	1.077	1.149	0.3316

1986	11.09	9.393	5.602	3.77	2.544	0.6373

1987	4.261	2.959	1.406	0.5012	0.4162	0.1129

1988	4.906	4.518	3.129	1.537	1.03	0.288

1989	17.59	15.15	9.323	3.821	2.575	0.6477

1990	2.164	1.421	0.5191	0.2986	0.2173	0.06375

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	23.53	19.34	10.61	6.207	4.169	1.095

0.0645161290322581	20.91	15.58	9.936	5.187	3.9	1.039

0.0967741935483871	17.59	15.15	9.356	4.627	3.335	0.8359

0.129032258064516	17.34	14.18	9.323	3.821	2.575	0.6477

0.161290322580645	15.78	13.67	9.207	3.77	2.544	0.6477

0.193548387096774	15.76	12.83	7.934	3.588	2.471	0.6373

0.225806451612903	12.08	9.929	6.605	3.269	2.196	0.5463

0.258064516129032	11.09	9.791	6.521	3.072	2.083	0.5227

0.290322580645161	11.05	9.393	5.602	2.848	1.964	0.5013

0.32258064516129	10.7	9.36	5.14	2.486	1.667	0.4714

0.354838709677419	10.25	8.339	4.593	2.236	1.556	0.444

0.387096774193548	9.637	8.154	4.375	2.092	1.471	0.3947

0.419354838709677	9.487	7.768	3.935	2.006	1.359	0.3905

0.451612903225806	7.632	6.858	3.414	1.949	1.309	0.3503

0.483870967741936	7.143	6.029	3.344	1.755	1.226	0.3316

0.516129032258065	6.152	5.043	3.158	1.57	1.179	0.3272

0.548387096774194	6.042	5.028	3.129	1.569	1.177	0.3239

0.580645161290323	6.03	5.008	2.947	1.537	1.149	0.2978

0.612903225806452	5.796	4.835	2.727	1.321	1.092	0.288

0.645161290322581	5.612	4.821	2.723	1.296	1.03	0.2827

0.67741935483871	4.976	4.518	2.662	1.175	0.8741	0.2299

0.709677419354839	4.906	4.391	2.607	1.077	0.8339	0.2191

0.741935483870968	4.887	4.148	2.166	1.018	0.8072	0.2152

0.774193548387097	4.261	2.959	1.959	0.9199	0.7143	0.2091

0.806451612903226	3.479	2.858	1.904	0.8743	0.6284	0.1863

0.838709677419355	3.086	2.773	1.585	0.8605	0.6168	0.1694

0.870967741935484	2.908	2.296	1.453	0.8044	0.6102	0.1543

0.903225806451613	2.6	2.216	1.406	0.5012	0.4162	0.1129

0.935483870967742	2.164	1.421	0.5191	0.2986	0.2173	0.06375

0.967741935483871	0	0	0	0	0	0

0.1	17.565	15.053	9.3527	4.5464	3.259	0.81708

					Average of yearly averages:	0.397831666666667

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: Dichlobenil rhubarb-MN(DW)

Metfile:	w14914.dvf

PRZM scenario:	MNsugarbeetC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	Dichlobenil

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	172	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.01E-5	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	5E-4	torr

Solubility	sol	21	mg/L

Kd	Kd	6.4	mg/L

Koc	Koc	237	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	15.1	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	2.4	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	1022	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	324	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	2.24	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT		fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-12	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)

PRZM/EXAMS RUN FOR DICHLOBENIL USAGE FOR CONTROL OF NUTSEDGE (Max Rate):

stored as Dichlobenil turf-FL(DW).out

Chemical: Dichlobenil

PRZM environment: FLturfC.txt	modified Monday, 16 June 2003 at 14:48:06

EXAMS environment: ir298.exv	modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15:34:12

Metfile: w12834.dvf	modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	0	0	0	0	0	0

1962	0.4254	0.2425	0.06411	0.02266	0.01512	0.003735

1963	7.933	5.933	3.327	1.304	0.8706	0.2151

1964	55.97	38.94	13.45	4.765	3.177	1.03

1965	6.937	4.971	1.674	0.5864	0.3911	0.1327

1966	0.6839	0.5024	0.1939	0.0817	0.05585	0.01551

1967	80.18	55.66	19.15	6.703	4.469	1.13

1968	1.31	0.9654	0.3851	0.1566	0.1101	0.02945

1969	482	374	147	51.92	34.62	8.548

1970	16.34	12.81	6.145	2.397	1.637	0.4191

1971	105	79.99	30.88	11.11	7.419	2.486

1972	12.7	8.843	2.746	0.9613	0.6411	0.1645

1973	5.005	3.635	1.361	0.4819	0.3214	0.1123

1974	18.16	13.1	4.704	1.646	1.098	0.2978

1975	0.9336	0.646	0.2242	0.09367	0.06368	0.0165

1976	153	109	39.01	13.65	9.103	2.503

1977	8.62	6.67	3.346	1.292	0.8717	0.2196

1978	30.14	20.11	6.385	2.318	1.545	0.3826

1979	12.48	9.826	4.374	1.632	1.091	0.2704

1980	41.3	30.57	9.835	3.443	2.295	0.8735

1981	112	83.01	18.48	6.471	4.314	1.826

1982	51.56	38.13	15.78	5.854	3.914	1.314

1983	564	441	168	58.95	39.3	9.762

1984	17.82	13.42	5.531	2.169	1.495	0.3883

1985	4.538	3.012	0.9576	0.6281	0.4199	0.1055

1986	50.47	37.77	14.78	5.351	3.572	0.9212

1987	12.55	9.358	3.713	1.633	1.092	0.2702

1988	22.56	16.85	6.978	2.549	1.701	0.4194

1989	364	251	86.12	30.91	20.63	5.616

1990	1.307	0.9203	0.3329	0.1486	0.1046	0.02703

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	564	441	168	58.95	39.3	9.762

0.0645161290322581	482	374	147	51.92	34.62	8.548

0.0967741935483871	364	251	86.12	30.91	20.63	5.616

0.129032258064516	153	109	39.01	13.65	9.103	2.503

0.161290322580645	112	83.01	30.88	11.11	7.419	2.486

0.193548387096774	105	79.99	19.15	6.703	4.469	1.826

0.225806451612903	80.18	55.66	18.48	6.471	4.314	1.314

0.258064516129032	55.97	38.94	15.78	5.854	3.914	1.13

0.290322580645161	51.56	38.13	14.78	5.351	3.572	1.03

0.32258064516129	50.47	37.77	13.45	4.765	3.177	0.9212

0.354838709677419	41.3	30.57	9.835	3.443	2.295	0.8735

0.387096774193548	30.14	20.11	6.978	2.549	1.701	0.4194

0.419354838709677	22.56	16.85	6.385	2.397	1.637	0.4191

0.451612903225806	18.16	13.42	6.145	2.318	1.545	0.3883

0.483870967741936	17.82	13.1	5.531	2.169	1.495	0.3826

0.516129032258065	16.34	12.81	4.704	1.646	1.098	0.2978

0.548387096774194	12.7	9.826	4.374	1.633	1.092	0.2704

0.580645161290323	12.55	9.358	3.713	1.632	1.091	0.2702

0.612903225806452	12.48	8.843	3.346	1.304	0.8717	0.2196

0.645161290322581	8.62	6.67	3.327	1.292	0.8706	0.2151

0.67741935483871	7.933	5.933	2.746	0.9613	0.6411	0.1645

0.709677419354839	6.937	4.971	1.674	0.6281	0.4199	0.1327

0.741935483870968	5.005	3.635	1.361	0.5864	0.3911	0.1123

0.774193548387097	4.538	3.012	0.9576	0.4819	0.3214	0.1055

0.806451612903226	1.31	0.9654	0.3851	0.1566	0.1101	0.02945

0.838709677419355	1.307	0.9203	0.3329	0.1486	0.1046	0.02703

0.870967741935484	0.9336	0.646	0.2242	0.09367	0.06368	0.0165

0.903225806451613	0.6839	0.5024	0.1939	0.0817	0.05585	0.01551

0.935483870967742	0.4254	0.2425	0.06411	0.02266	0.01512	0.003735

0.967741935483871	0	0	0	0	0	0

0.1	342.9	236.8	81.409	29.184	19.4773	5.3047

					Average of yearly averages:	1.3166475

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003

Data used for this run:

Output File: Dichlobenil turf-FL(DW)

Metfile:	w12834.dvf

PRZM scenario:	FLturfC.txt

EXAMS environment file:	ir298.exv

Chemical Name:	Dichlobenil

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	172	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	1.01E-5	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	5E-4	torr

Solubility	sol	21	mg/L

Kd	Kd	6.4	mg/L

Koc	Koc	237	mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	15.1	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	2.4	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	1022	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	324	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 5	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Hydrolysis:	pH 9	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	22.4	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT		fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	1-12	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA	

	IPSCND	

	UPTKF	

Record 18:	PLVKRT	

	PLDKRT	

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	IR

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	total	none, monthly or total(average of
entire run)