Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118-1289
Agency: epa
Document Type: Rule
Title: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 31 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program;  Determination of Acceptability
Posted Date: 2016-05-23T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 99 (Monday, May 23, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 32241-32249]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-12117]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118; FRL-9946-88-OAR]
RIN 2060-AG12

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 31 for 
Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Determination of acceptability.

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SUMMARY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of 
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This 
action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the 
refrigeration and air conditioning sector.

DATES: This determination is effective on May 23, 2016.

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 (continuation of Air Docket A-91-42). All 
electronic documents in the docket are listed in the index at 
www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is 
not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI) 
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically 
at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A-
91-42 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), William J. 
Clinton West, Room

[[Page 32242]]

3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. The Public 
Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the Air 
Docket is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 
343-9624, by email at wozniak.gerald@epa.gov, or by mail at U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries 
should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW., 
Washington, DC 20004.
    For more information on the Agency's process for administering the 
SNAP program or criteria for the evaluation of substitutes, refer to 
the initial SNAP rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 
18, 1994 (59 FR 13044). Notices and rulemakings under the SNAP program, 
as well as other EPA publications on protection of stratospheric ozone, 
are available at EPA's Ozone Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection including the SNAP portion at www.epa.gov/snap/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
    A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
II. Section 612 Program
    A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program
    B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612
    C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work
    D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes

    This action presents EPA's most recent decision to list as 
acceptable several substitutes in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning sector. New substitutes are:
     CO2 in several refrigeration and air 
conditioning end-uses;
     Hydrofluoroolefin \1\ (HFO)-1336mzz(Z) in several 
refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses;
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    \1\ Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons having 
at least one double bond.
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     HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/
25.3) (proposed designation R-514A) in two refrigeration and air 
conditioning end-uses; and
     R-513A in retail food refrigeration--food processing and 
dispensing equipment.
    For copies of the full list of acceptable substitutes for ozone 
depleting substances (ODS) in all industrial sectors, visit the SNAP 
portion of EPA's Ozone Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-sector. Substitutes listed as unacceptable; acceptable, 
subject to narrowed use limits; or acceptable, subject to use 
conditions are also listed in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart 
G.
    The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail. 
Appendix A contains tables summarizing today's listing decisions for 
these new substitutes. The statements in the ``Further Information'' 
column in the tables provide additional information, but are not 
legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In 
addition, the ``Further Information'' column may not include a 
comprehensive list of other legal obligations you may need to meet when 
using the substitute. Although you are not required to follow 
recommendations in the ``Further Information'' column of the table to 
use a substitute consistent with section 612 of the CAA, some of these 
statements may refer to obligations that are enforceable or binding 
under federal or state programs other than the SNAP program. In many 
instances, the information simply refers to standard operating 
practices in existing industry standards and/or building codes. When 
using these substitutes, EPA strongly encourages you to apply the 
information in this column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted, 
would not require significant changes to existing operating practices.
    You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this 
document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this 
action, in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. Carbon Dioxide (R-744)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds carbon dioxide (CO2) acceptable as a 
substitute for use in:

 Ice skating rinks (new equipment)
 Centrifugal chillers (new equipment)
 Positive displacement chillers \2\ (new equipment)
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    \2\ Examples of positive displacement chillers include 
reciprocating, screw, and scroll chillers. EPA has previously used 
those terms in acceptability listings for this end-use.
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 Industrial process air conditioning (new equipment)

    Carbon dioxide is also known as R-744 when used as a refrigerant. 
Its Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS Reg. No.) is 124-
38-9.
    You may find the redacted submissions in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-
0118 at www.regulations.gov under the names, ``SNAP Information Notice 
for CO2 (R-744) in Ice Skating Rinks'' and ``SNAP 
Information Notice for CO2 (R-744) in Chillers and 
Industrial Process Air Conditioning.'' EPA performed assessments to 
examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute when used 
in these end-uses. These assessments are available in Docket EPA-HQ-
OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Ice Skating Rinks Substitute: 
Carbon Dioxide (CO2 or R-744)''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Commercial and Industrial Heat 
Pumps Substitute: Carbon Dioxide (CO2 or R-744)''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and 
Industrial Process Air-Conditioning Substitute: Carbon Dioxide 
(CO2 or R-744)''

    EPA previously listed CO2 as an acceptable refrigerant 
in a number of other refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses, 
including industrial process refrigeration, and in the case of motor 
vehicle air conditioning as acceptable subject to use conditions, 
(e.g., January 13, 1995, 60 FR 3318; September 30, 2009, 74 FR 50129; 
June 16, 2010, 75 FR 34017; June 6, 2012, 77 FR 33315; August 10, 2012, 
77 FR 47768; October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62863).
    Environmental information: CO2 has an ozone depletion 
potential (ODP) of zero.\3\ The 100-year global warming potential (GWP) 
of CO2 is one.\4\
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    \3\ EPA assumes that compounds containing no chlorine, bromine, 
or iodine have an ODP of zero.
    \4\ Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are 100-
year values from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical 
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth 
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 
[Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, 
K.B., Tignor M., and Miller, H.L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University 
Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This 
document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/
en/contents.html.
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    EPA's regulation codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart F exempts 
CO2 refrigerant from the venting prohibition under section 
608(c)(2) of the CAA (March 12, 2004, 69 FR 11946).\5\ The CAA and 
EPA's venting regulations prohibit the intentional venting or release 
of substitutes for class I or class II ODS during the repair, 
maintenance, service or disposal of refrigeration and

[[Page 32243]]

air conditioning appliances, unless EPA expressly exempts a particular 
substitute refrigerant from the venting prohibition, as for 
CO2.
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    \5\ For more information, including definitions, see 40 CFR part 
82 subpart F.
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    CO2 is excluded from the definition of volatile organic 
compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing 
the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain and 
maintain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).
    Flammability information: CO2 is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute at lower concentrations include loss of concentration, 
headache and shortness of breath. The substitute may also irritate the 
skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high concentrations, 
it may cause central nervous system depression. The substitute could 
cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space. 
For additional information concerning potential health risks of 
CO2, see EPA's final rule under the SNAP program for use of 
CO2 as a refrigerant in motor vehicle air conditioning 
systems (June 6, 2012, 77 FR 33315) and EPA's risk screens in docket 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118.
    To mitigate these potential health risks in the workplace, 
CO2 has an 8 hour/day, 40 hour/week permissible exposure 
limit (PEL) of 5,000 ppm required by the Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration (OSHA). It also has a 15-minute recommended short-term 
exposure limit (STEL) of 30,000 ppm established by the National 
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). EPA recommends 
that users follow all requirements and recommendations specified in the 
manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS), in the American Society for 
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 
Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration 
and air conditioning industry. We also recommend that users of 
CO2 adhere to NIOSH's STEL and to ASHRAE 15, and we expect 
that users will meet OSHA's PEL. EPA anticipates that users will be 
able to address potential health risks by complying with the PEL and by 
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, 
and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: CO2 
has an ODP of zero, comparable \6\ to or lower than other substitutes 
listed as acceptable in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero to 
0.098.
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    \6\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22 with an ODP of 0.055. Throughout 
this document, ODP values cited for class I and class II ODS are 
from EPA's regulations at appendix A to subpart A of 40 CFR part 82.
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    In ice skating rinks, many substitutes listed as acceptable have 
higher GWPs than the GWP of one for CO2. HFC-134a, R-404A, 
THR-03 and other HFC blends have GWPs ranging from 920 to 3,990; other 
substitutes listed as acceptable for ice skating rinks that have a 
comparable or lower GWP include ammonia absorption and ammonia vapor 
compression with a GWP of zero.
    In centrifugal and positive displacement chillers, most other 
substitutes listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than CO2, 
such as R-450A, R-513A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends, with 
GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990.\7\ CO2's GWP 
of one is comparable to or lower than that of several other acceptable 
substitutes for new equipment within these end-uses including ammonia 
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for 
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, 
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
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    \7\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809), 
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from 
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new centrifugal chillers and 
in new positive displacement chillers. Those substitutes had GWPs 
ranging from 920 to 3,990 in both end-uses. If EPA takes final 
action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes that 
remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than CO2, 
including HFO-1234ze(E), IKON B, R-450A, R-513A, and THR-02 for both 
end-uses, and for centrifugal chillers also IKON A and trans-1-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 30 to 630.
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    In industrial process air conditioning, most other substitutes 
listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than CO2, such as R-
513A, R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging 
from approximately 600 to 3,990. CO2's GWP of one is 
comparable to or lower than several other acceptable substitutes for 
new equipment in industrial process air conditioning including ammonia 
absorption and ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero and HFO-
1234ze(E) with a GWP of one to six.
    Flammability and toxicity risks of this substitute are comparable 
to or lower than the flammability and toxicity risks of other available 
substitutes in the same end-uses. Flammability risks are low, as 
discussed above. The toxicity risks are similar to those for many other 
refrigerants and, as with those other refrigerants, can be minimized by 
use consistent with the OSHA PEL, NIOSH STEL, ASHRAE 15 and other 
industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    EPA finds CO2 acceptable in these end-uses listed above, 
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by 
CO2 is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other 
available substitutes in the same end-uses.
2. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Opteon[supreg] MZ)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute 
for use in:

 Centrifugal chillers (new equipment)
 Positive displacement chillers (new equipment)
 Industrial process air conditioning (new equipment)
 Non-mechanical heat transfer (new and retrofit equipment)

    HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene 
and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-9), and 
goes by the trade name of Opteon[supreg] MZ.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Opteon[supreg] MZ.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the health 
and environmental risks of this substitute in these end-uses. These 
assessments are available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the 
following name:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and 
Industrial Process Air Conditioning Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(Z) 
(Opteon[supreg] MZ).''
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Heat Transfer 
Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Opteon[supreg] MZ).''
    We have previously listed HFO-1336mzz(Z) as an acceptable foam 
blowing agent in a number of foam blowing end-uses (October 21, 2014, 
79 FR 62863; July 16, 2015, 80 FR 42053).
    Environmental information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It 
has a 100-year GWP of about nine.\8\ HFO-1336mzz(Z) is a VOC and it is 
not exempted from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 
CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and 
maintain the NAAQS. The manufacturer has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO-
1336mzz(Z) from the definition of VOC under those regulations, based on 
its

[[Page 32244]]

claim that the chemical exhibits low photochemical reactivity. 
Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant is limited by the 
venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 
CFR 82.154(a)(1).
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    \8\ Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Burkholder, J.B., 
Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH[boxH]CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction 
Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal of Physical 
Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539-10,549, 2011.
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    Flammability information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this 
substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently 
high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule under the Toxic 
Substances Control Act on June 5, 2015, to require persons to submit a 
Significant New Use Notice to EPA at least 90 days before they 
manufacture or process HFO-1336mzz(Z) for uses other than those 
described in the Premanufacture Notice (80 FR 32003, 32005).
    EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) will be used consistent with 
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The Workplace Environmental 
Exposure Limit (WEEL) committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk 
Science (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-
hour time-weighted average (TWA).\9\ EPA anticipates that users will be 
able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by following 
requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety 
precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
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    \9\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
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    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HFO-1336mzz(Z) 
has an ODP of zero, comparable \10\ to or lower than other acceptable 
substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from 0 to 0.02.
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    \10\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11, CFC-12 and 
HCFC-22 have ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
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    In centrifugal and positive displacement chillers, most other 
substitutes listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z), 
such as R-450A, R-513A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs 
ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990.\11\ HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of 
about nine is comparable to or higher than several other acceptable 
substitutes for new equipment within these end-uses including ammonia 
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for 
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, 
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
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    \11\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809), 
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from 
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new centrifugal chillers and 
in new positive displacement chillers. Those substitutes had GWPs 
ranging from 920 to 3,990 in both end-uses. If EPA takes final 
action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes that 
remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z), 
including IKON B, R-450A, R-513A, and THR-02 for both end-uses, and 
for centrifugal chillers also IKON A, with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 30 to 630.
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    In industrial process air conditioning, most other substitutes 
listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z), such as R-
513A, R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging 
from approximately 600 to 3,990. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about nine is 
comparable to or higher than several other acceptable substitutes for 
new equipment in industrial process air conditioning including ammonia 
absorption and ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero and HFO-
1234ze(E) with a GWP of one to six.
    In non-mechanical heat transfer, most other substitutes listed as 
acceptable have higher GWPs such as HFC-245fa, HFC-134a and HFC-125 
with GWPs ranging from 1,030 to 3,500. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about 
nine is comparable to or higher than those of several other acceptable 
substitutes in the same end-use, such as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-
trifluoroprop-1-ene, HFO-1234ze(E), CO2 and ethane, with 
GWPs in the range of one to seven.
    Flammability and toxicity risks of this substitute are comparable 
to or lower than the flammability and toxicity risks of other available 
substitutes in the same end-uses. Flammability risks are low, as 
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with 
the OARS WEEL, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations 
in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration 
and air conditioning industry.
    EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable in the end-uses listed above, 
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other 
available substitutes in the same end-uses.
3. HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) 
(Proposed R-514A, Opteon[supreg] XP30)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds the blend HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene (74.7/25.3) acceptable as a substitute for use in:
     Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit equipment)
     Positive-displacement chillers (new and retrofit 
equipment)
    This refrigerant is a weighted blend of 74.7 percent HFO-1336mzz(Z) 
and 25.3 percent trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (CAS Reg. No. 156-60-5). 
ASHRAE has proposed a designation of R-514A for this refrigerant blend. 
This blend is marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP30.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Opteon[supreg] XP30.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the health 
and environmental risks of this substitute in this end-use. These 
assessments are available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the 
following name:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Chillers Substitute: HFO-
1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene Blend (74.7/25.3) (Opteon[supreg] 
XP30).''

    Environmental information: Environmental information on HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is described above in listing A.2 of this document. Trans-
1,2-dichloroethylene has an ODP of approximately 0.00024 \12\ and the 
blend would have a weighted ODP value of (approximately 0.00006). We 
are unaware of a calculated GWP value for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in 
the peer-reviewed literature, but we expect its GWP is less than five 
based on its structure and its atmospheric lifetime of 12.7 days.\13\ 
The blend is expected to have a weighted 100-year GWP of approximately 
seven. Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a VOC and it is not exempted from 
the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 
addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS. 
Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant is limited by the 
venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 
CFR 82.154(a)(1).
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    \12\ Patten and Wuebbles, 2010. ``Atmospheric Lifetimes and 
Ozone Depletion Potentials of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-
trichloropropylene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in a three-
dimensional model.'' Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10867-10874, 2010.
    \13\ Patten and Wuebbles, 2010. Op cit.
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    Flammability information: Although the trans-dichloroethylene 
component of this blend is flammable, HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable, 
and HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) as 
formulated and in the worst-case fractionation formulation is not 
flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of HFO-
1336mzz(Z)/trans-

[[Page 32245]]

1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) include skin or eye irritation 
or frostbite. At sufficiently high concentrations, the substitute may 
cause irregular heartbeat. The substitute could cause asphyxiation if 
air is displaced by vapors in a confined space.
    EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 
blend (74.7/25.3) will be used consistent with the recommendations 
specified in the SDS. Trans-dichloroethylene has an 8 hour/day, 40 
hour/week PEL of 200 ppm required by OSHA. The WEEL committee of OARS 
recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for 
HFO-1336mzz(Z).\14\ The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure 
limit (AEL) for the blend of 323 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA anticipates 
that users will be able to meet the PEL, WEEL, and the AEL and address 
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in 
the SDS and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration and 
air conditioning industry.
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    \14\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
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    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HFO-1336mzz(Z)/
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) has an ODP of 
approximately 0.00006, comparable \15\ to or lower than other 
acceptable substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero 
to 0.02.
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    \15\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11, CFC-12, and 
HCFC-22 have ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.
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    In centrifugal and positive-displacement chillers, most other 
substitutes listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z)/
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3), such as R-450A, R-513A, 
HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 600 to 3,990.\16\ HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3)'s GWP of about seven is comparable 
to or higher than several other acceptable substitutes for new 
equipment within these end-uses, including ammonia absorption and 
ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E) and, for centrifugal chillers 
only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with GWPs in the range 
of zero to seven.
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    \16\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809), 
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from 
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new centrifugal chillers and 
in new positive displacement chillers. Those substitutes had GWPs 
ranging from 920 to 3,990 in both end-uses. If EPA takes final 
action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes that 
remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z)/
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3), including IKON B, R-
450A, R-513A, and THR-02 for both end-uses, and for centrifugal 
chillers also IKON A, with GWPs ranging from approximately 30 to 
630.
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    Flammability and toxicity risks of this substitute are comparable 
to or lower than the flammability and toxicity risks of other available 
substitutes in the same end-uses. Flammability risks are low, as 
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with 
the OSHA PEL, OARS WEEL, the manufacturer's recommended AEL, ASHRAE 15 
and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other 
safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning 
industry.
    EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/
25.3) acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall 
environmental and human health risk posed by this substitute is lower 
than or comparable to the risks posed by other available substitutes in 
the same end-uses.
4. R-513A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-513A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Retail food refrigeration--refrigerated food processing and 
dispensing equipment (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-513A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP10, is a 
weighted blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2 
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 56 percent HFO-1234yf, 
which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-
12-1).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Opteon[supreg] XP 10.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the health 
and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments are 
available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following name:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration Substitute: R-513A''

    Environmental information: R-513A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs of 1,430 and one to 
four,\17\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass 
percentage, then R-513A has a GWP of about 630. The components of R-
513A are both excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations 
(see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and 
maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant 
blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-513A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-
hour TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively, the components of 
R-513A. The manufacturer of R-513A recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an 
8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to 
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, and address 
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in 
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the 
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: R-513A has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \18\ to or lower than other listed substitutes in 
this end-use, with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.098.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than most other 
substitutes in retail food refrigeration--refrigerated food processing 
and dispensing, including R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, R-407C, and a 
number of HFC blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 
3,920.\19\ R-513A's GWP of about 630 is higher than those of some other 
acceptable substitutes in new retail food refrigeration--refrigerated 
food processing and dispensing units, including ammonia vapor 
compression with a secondary

[[Page 32246]]

loop and CO2 with GWPs of zero and one, respectively; these 
alternatives with lower GWP are not listed as acceptable for use in 
retrofit equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809), 
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from 
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new retail food 
refrigeration--refrigerated food processing and dispensing units. 
Those substitutes had GWPs ranging from 1,770 to 3,990. If EPA takes 
final action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes 
that remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than R-513A, 
including FOR12A, FOR12B, HFC-134a, R-426A, RS-24 (2002 
formulation), SP34E, THR-02 and THR-03, with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 920 to 1,510.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability and toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than 
flammability and toxicity risks of other available substitutes in the 
same end-use. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity 
risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 
and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other 
safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning 
industry.
    EPA finds R-513A acceptable in the end-use listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-513A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other available 
substitutes in the same end-use.

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program

    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to develop a program for 
evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers to 
this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. 
The major provisions of section 612 are:
1. Rulemaking
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate rules making it unlawful 
to replace any class I substance (CFC, halon, carbon tetrachloride, 
methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbon, and 
chlorobromomethane) or class II substance (HCFC) with any substitute 
that the Administrator determines may present adverse effects to human 
health or the environment where the Administrator has identified an 
alternative that (1) reduces the overall risk to human health and the 
environment, and (2) is currently or potentially available.
2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes 
unacceptable for specific uses and to publish a corresponding list of 
acceptable alternatives for specific uses. The list of ``acceptable'' 
substitutes is found at www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-sector and the 
lists of ``unacceptable,'' ``acceptable subject to use conditions,'' 
and ``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits'' substitutes are found 
in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G.
3. Petition Process
    Section 612(d) grants the right to any person to petition EPA to 
add a substance to, or delete a substance from, the lists published in 
accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days to grant or deny 
a petition. Where the Agency grants the petition, EPA must publish the 
revised lists within an additional six months.
4. 90-Day Notification
    Section 612(e) directs EPA to require any person who produces a 
chemical substitute for a class I substance to notify the Agency not 
less than 90 days before new or existing chemicals are introduced into 
interstate commerce for significant new uses as substitutes for a class 
I substance. The producer must also provide the Agency with the 
producer's unpublished health and safety studies on such substitutes.
5. Outreach
    Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator shall seek to 
maximize the use of federal research facilities and resources to assist 
users of class I and II substances in identifying and developing 
alternatives to the use of such substances in key commercial 
applications.
6. Clearinghouse
    Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to set up a public 
clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product substitutes, and 
alternative manufacturing processes that are available for products and 
manufacturing processes which use class I and II substances.

B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612

    On March 18, 1994, EPA published the initial SNAP rule (59 FR 
13044) which established the process for administering the SNAP program 
and issued EPA's first lists identifying acceptable and unacceptable 
substitutes in the major industrial use sectors (subpart G of 40 CFR 
part 82). These sectors are the following: Refrigeration and air 
conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and 
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and 
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors comprise the principal 
industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of 
ODS.
    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to list as acceptable those 
substitutes that do not present a significantly greater risk to human 
health and the environment as compared with other substitutes that are 
currently or potentially available.

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work

    Under the SNAP regulations, anyone who plans to market or produce a 
substitute to replace a class I substance or class II substance in one 
of the eight major industrial use sectors must provide the Agency with 
notice and the required health and safety information on the substitute 
at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate commerce for 
significant new use as an alternative (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this 
requirement typically applies to chemical manufacturers as the entity 
likely to be planning to introduce the substitute into interstate 
commerce,\20\ it may also apply to importers, formulators, equipment 
manufacturers, and end users \21\ when they are responsible for 
introducing a substitute into commerce. The 90-day SNAP review process 
begins once EPA receives the submission and determines that the 
submission includes complete and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). The 
CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a 
substitute earlier than 90 days after notice has been provided to the 
agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ``interstate commerce'' means 
the distribution or transportation of any product between one state, 
territory, possession or the District of Columbia, and another 
state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, or the 
sale, use or manufacture of any product in more than one state, 
territory, possession or District of Columbia. The entry points for 
which a product is introduced into interstate commerce are the 
release of a product from the facility in which the product was 
manufactured, the entry into a warehouse from which the domestic 
manufacturer releases the product for sale or distribution, and at 
the site of United States Customs clearance.
    \21\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``end-use'' means processes or 
classes of specific applications within major industrial sectors 
where a substitute is used to replace an ODS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency has identified four possible decision categories for 
substitute submissions: Acceptable; acceptable subject to use 
conditions; acceptable subject to narrowed use limits; and unacceptable 
(40 CFR 82.180(b)).\22\ Use conditions and narrowed use limits are both 
considered ``use restrictions'' and are explained below. Substitutes 
that are deemed acceptable without use conditions may be used for all 
applications within the relevant end-uses within the sector and without 
limits under SNAP on how they may be used. Substitutes that are 
acceptable subject to use restrictions may be used only in accordance 
with those restrictions. Substitutes that are

[[Page 32247]]

found to be unacceptable may not be used after the date specified in 
the rulemaking adding such substitute to the list of unacceptable 
substitutes.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ The SNAP regulations also include ``pending,'' referring to 
submissions for which EPA has not reached a determination, under 
this provision.
    \23\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``use'' means any use of a 
substitute for a Class I or Class II ozone-depleting compound, 
including but not limited to use in a manufacturing process or 
product, in consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate uses, 
such as formulation or packaging for other subsequent uses. This 
definition of use encompasses manufacturing process of products both 
for domestic use and for export. Substitutes manufactured within the 
United States exclusively for export are subject to SNAP 
requirements since the definition of use in the rule includes use in 
the manufacturing process, which occurs within the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After reviewing a substitute, the Agency may make a determination 
that a substitute is acceptable only if certain conditions in the way 
that the substitute is used are met to minimize risks to human health 
and the environment. EPA describes such substitutes as ``acceptable 
subject to use conditions.'' Entities that use these substitutes 
without meeting the associated use conditions are in violation of EPA's 
SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
    For some substitutes, the Agency may permit a narrowed range of use 
within an end-use or sector. For example, the Agency may limit the use 
of a substitute to certain end-uses or specific applications within an 
industry sector. The Agency generally requires a user of a substitute 
subject to narrowed use limits to demonstrate that no other acceptable 
substitutes are available for their specific application.\24\ EPA 
describes these substitutes as ``acceptable subject to narrowed use 
limits.'' A person using a substitute that is acceptable subject to 
narrowed use limits in applications and end-uses that are not 
consistent with the narrowed use limit is using the substitute in 
violation of section 612 of the CAA and EPA's SNAP regulations (40 CFR 
82.174(c)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ In the case of the July 20, 2015, final rule, EPA 
established narrowed use limits for certain substitutes over a 
limited period of time for specific MVAC and foam applications, on 
the basis that other acceptable alternatives would not be available 
for those specific applications within broader end-uses, but 
acceptable alternatives were expected to become available over time, 
e.g., after military qualification testing for foam blowing agents 
in military applications or after development of improved servicing 
infrastructure in a destination country for MVAC in vehicles 
destined for export.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The section 612 mandate for EPA to prohibit the use of a substitute 
that may present risk to human health or the environment where a lower 
risk alternative is available or potentially available \25\ provides 
EPA with the authority to change the listing status of a particular 
substitute if such a change is justified by new information or changed 
circumstance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ In addition to acceptable commercially available 
substitutes, the SNAP program may consider potentially available 
substitutes. The SNAP program's definition of ``potentially 
available'' is ``any alternative for which adequate health, safety, 
and environmental data, as required for the SNAP notification 
process, exist to make a determination of acceptability, and which 
the agency reasonably believes to be technically feasible, even if 
not all testing has yet been completed and the alternative is not 
yet produced or sold.'' (40 CFR 82.172).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As described in this document and elsewhere, including the initial 
SNAP rule published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 13044 on March 18, 
1994, the SNAP program evaluates substitutes within a comparative risk 
framework. The SNAP program compares new substitutes both to the ozone-
depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on 
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, and to other 
available or potentially available alternatives for the same end-uses. 
The environmental and health risk factors that the SNAP program 
considers include ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity, 
occupational and consumer health and safety, as well as contributions 
to global warming and other environmental factors. Environmental and 
human health exposures can vary significantly depending on the 
particular application of a substitute--and over time, information 
applicable to a substitute can change. This approach does not imply 
fundamental tradeoffs with respect to different types of risk, either 
to the environment or to human health. Over the past twenty years, the 
menu of substitutes has become much broader and a great deal of new 
information has been developed on many substitutes. Because the overall 
goal of the SNAP program is to ensure that substitutes listed as 
acceptable do not pose significantly greater risk to human health and 
the environment than other available substitutes, the SNAP criteria 
should be informed by our current overall understanding of 
environmental and human health impacts and our experience with and 
current knowledge about available and potentially available 
substitutes. Over time, the range of substitutes reviewed by SNAP has 
changed, and, at the same time, scientific approaches have evolved to 
more accurately assess the potential environmental and human health 
impacts of these chemicals and alternative technologies. The Agency 
publishes its SNAP program decisions in the Federal Register. EPA uses 
notice-and-comment rulemaking to place any alternative on the list of 
prohibited substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only subject 
to use conditions or narrowed use limits, or to remove a substitute 
from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.
    In contrast, EPA publishes ``notices of acceptability'' or 
``determinations of acceptability,'' to notify the public of 
substitutes that are deemed acceptable with no restrictions. As 
described in the preamble to the rule initially implementing the SNAP 
program (59 FR 13044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that 
rulemaking procedures are necessary to list alternatives that are 
acceptable without restrictions because such listings neither impose 
any sanction nor prevent anyone from using a substitute.
    Many SNAP listings include ``comments'' or ``further information'' 
to provide additional information on substitutes. Since this additional 
information is not part of the regulatory decision, these statements 
are not binding for use of the substitute under the SNAP program. 
However, regulatory requirements so listed are binding under other 
regulatory programs (e.g., worker protection regulations promulgated by 
OSHA). The ``further information'' classification does not necessarily 
include all other legal obligations pertaining to the use of the 
substitute. While the items listed are not legally binding under the 
SNAP program, EPA encourages users of substitutes to apply all 
statements in the ``further information'' column in their use of these 
substitutes. In many instances, the information simply refers to sound 
operating practices that have already been identified in existing 
industry and/or building codes or standards. Thus many of the 
statements, if adopted, would not require the affected user to make 
significant changes in existing operating practices.

D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program

    For copies of the comprehensive SNAP lists of substitutes or 
additional information on SNAP, refer to EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site 
at: www.epa.gov/snap. For more information on the agency's process for 
administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of 
substitutes, refer to the initial SNAP rulemaking published March 18, 
1994 (59 FR 13044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. SNAP 
decisions and the appropriate Federal Register citations are found at: 
www.epa.gov/snap/snap-regulations.

[[Page 32248]]

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: May 17, 2016.
Sarah Dunham,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

                                       Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               End-use                       Substitute              Decision          Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Centrifugal chillers (new only).....  Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ozone depletion
                                       R-744).                                        potential (ODP) and a
                                                                                      global warming potential
                                                                                      (GWP) of 1.
                                                                                     The Occupational Safety and
                                                                                      Health Administration
                                                                                      (OSHA) has established a
                                                                                      required 8-hour (8-hr)
                                                                                      time-weighted average
                                                                                      (TWA) permissible exposure
                                                                                      limit (PEL) for CO2 of
                                                                                      5,000 ppm. The National
                                                                                      Institute for Occupational
                                                                                      Safety and Health (NIOSH)
                                                                                      has established a 15-
                                                                                      minute recommended short-
                                                                                      term exposure limit (STEL)
                                                                                      of 30,000 ppm.
                                                                                     CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                     EPA recommends that users
                                                                                      follow all requirements
                                                                                      and recommendations
                                                                                      specified in American
                                                                                      Society for Heating,
                                                                                      Refrigerating and Air-
                                                                                      Conditioning Engineers
                                                                                      (ASHRAE) standard 15.
                                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
                                       1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                      roughly 9.
                                                                                     This compound is
                                                                                      nonflammable.
                                                                                     The Occupational Alliance
                                                                                      for Risk Science (OARS)
                                                                                      recommends a Workplace
                                                                                      Environmental Exposure
                                                                                      Limit (WEEL) of 500 ppm (8-
                                                                                      hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z).
Centrifugal chillers (new and         HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-    Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
 retrofit equipment).                  1,2-dichloroethylene                           dichloroethylene blend
                                       blend (74.7/25.3)                              (74.7/25.3) has an ODP
                                       (proposed R-514A).                             value of approximately
                                                                                      0.00006 and an estimated
                                                                                      100-year GWP of
                                                                                      approximately 7. This
                                                                                      substitute is a blend of
                                                                                      74.7 percent HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z), also known as
                                                                                      (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-
                                                                                      but-2-ene and cis-
                                                                                      1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-
                                                                                      2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-
                                                                                      9), and 25.3 percent trans-
                                                                                      1,2-dichloroethylene (CAS
                                                                                      Reg. No. 156-60-5).
                                                                                     The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                     OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                      hr TWA PEL of 200 ppm for
                                                                                      trans-dichloroethylene.
                                                                                      OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                      500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z). The
                                                                                      manufacturer recommends an
                                                                                      acceptable exposure limit
                                                                                      (AEL) for the workplace
                                                                                      for HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-
                                                                                      1,2-dichloroethylene blend
                                                                                      (74.7/25.3) of 323 ppm (8-
                                                                                      hr TWA).
Heat transfer (new and retrofit       HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
 equipment).                           1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                      roughly 9.
                                                                                     This compound is
                                                                                      nonflammable.
                                                                                     OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                      500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z).
Ice skating rinks (new only)........  Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ODP and a GWP of
                                       R-744).                                        1.
                                                                                     OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                      hr TWA PEL for CO2 of
                                                                                      5,000 ppm. NIOSH has
                                                                                      established a 15-minute
                                                                                      TWA recommended STEL of
                                                                                      30,000 ppm.
                                                                                     CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                     EPA recommends that users
                                                                                      follow all requirements
                                                                                      and recommendations
                                                                                      specified in ASHRAE
                                                                                      standard 15.
Industrial process air conditioning   Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ODP and a GWP of
 (new only).                           R-744).                                        1.
                                                                                     OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                      hr TWA PEL for CO2 of
                                                                                      5,000 ppm. NIOSH has
                                                                                      established a 15-minute
                                                                                      TWA recommended STEL of
                                                                                      30,000 ppm.
                                                                                     CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                     EPA recommends that users
                                                                                      follow all requirements
                                                                                      and recommendations
                                                                                      specified in ASHRAE
                                                                                      standard 15.
                                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
                                       1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                      roughly 9.
                                                                                     This compound is
                                                                                      nonflammable.
                                                                                     OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                      500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z).
Positive displacement chillers (new   Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ODP and a GWP of
 only).                                R-744).                                        1.

[[Page 32249]]

 
                                                                                     OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                      hr TWA PEL for CO2 of
                                                                                      5,000 ppm. NIOSH has
                                                                                      established a 15-minute
                                                                                      TWA recommended STEL of
                                                                                      30,000 ppm.
                                                                                     CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                     EPA recommends that users
                                                                                      follow all requirements
                                                                                      and recommendations
                                                                                      specified in ASHRAE
                                                                                      standard 15.
                                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
                                       1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                      roughly 9.
                                                                                     This compound is
                                                                                      nonflammable.
                                                                                     OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                      500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z).
Positive displacement chillers (new   HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-    Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
 and retrofit equipment).              1,2-dichloroethylene                           dichloroethylene blend
                                       blend (74.7/25.3)                              (74.7/25.3) has an ODP
                                       (proposed R-514A).                             value of approximately
                                                                                      0.00006 and an estimated
                                                                                      100-year GWP of
                                                                                      approximately 7. This
                                                                                      substitute is a blend of
                                                                                      74.7 percent HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z), also known as
                                                                                      (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-
                                                                                      but-2-ene and cis-
                                                                                      1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-
                                                                                      2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-
                                                                                      9), and 25.3 percent trans-
                                                                                      1,2-dichloroethylene (CAS
                                                                                      Reg. No. 156-60-5).
                                                                                     The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                     OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                      hr TWA PEL of 200 ppm for
                                                                                      trans-dichloroethylene.
                                                                                      OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                      500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                      1336mzz(Z). The
                                                                                      manufacturer recommends an
                                                                                      AEL for the workplace for
                                                                                      the HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-
                                                                                      1,2-dichloroethylene blend
                                                                                      (74.7/25.3) of 323 ppm (8-
                                                                                      hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new and    R-513A.................  Acceptable..........  R-513A has no ODP and a 100-
 retrofit refrigerated food                                                           year GWP of approximately
 processing and dispensing                                                            630. This substitute is a
 equipment).                                                                          blend of HFC-134a, which
                                                                                      is also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                                      tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                                      Reg. No. 811-97-2); and
                                                                                      HFO-1234yf, which is also
                                                                                      known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                                      tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS
                                                                                      Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                                     This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                     The AIHA has established
                                                                                      WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500
                                                                                      ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-
                                                                                      134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                                      respectively. The
                                                                                      manufacturer recommends an
                                                                                      AEL for the workplace for
                                                                                      R-513A of 653 ppm (8-hr
                                                                                      TWA).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.

[FR Doc. 2016-12117 Filed 5-20-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P