Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2002-0051-0003
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2006-03-07T05:00Z

­~
I
FLUOROCHEMICAL
USE,
DISTRIBUTION
AND
RELEASE
OVERVIEW
I
Prepared
by
3M
Company
May
26,1999
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
­&
gg
Introduction
....................................................................................................................................
3
The
3M
ECF
Process
.....................................................................................................................
3
3M
Production
of
Sulfonyl­
based
Fluorochemicals
....................................................................
4
3M
Sulfonyl­
based
Fluorochemical
Products
.............................................................................
5
Profile
of
Major
Product
Categories
............................................................................................
7
Surface
Treatment
Products
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7
Paper
and
Packaging
Protectors
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8
Performance
Chemicals
.....................................................................................................
10
Ongoing
and
Proposed
Exposure
Assessment
and
Stewardship
Initiatives
...........................
11
Chart
1:
POSF
Fluorochemical
Reaction
Tree
........................................................................
13
Table
1:
Fluorochemical
Glossary
.............................................................................................
14
Chart
2:
Product
Building
Block
...............................................................................................
15
Table
2:
Estimated
Fluorochemical
(FC)
Usage
by
Application
............................................
16
Table
3:
Features
of
Fluorochemical
Surfactants
....................................................................
17
Appendix
1
PCP
Carpet
Business
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20­
49
Appendix
2
PCP
Home
Textile
Business..
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.­
SO­
100
Appendix
3
PCP
Apparel
and
Leather
Business..
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..
lOl­
152
Appendix
4
3M
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
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153­
194
Appendix
5
Performance
Chemicals..
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.195­
326
Appendix
6
Paper
and
Packaging
Business..
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.327­
347
000004
2
FLUOROCHEMICAL
USE,
DISTRIBUTION
AND
RELEASE
OVERVIEW
This
paper
and
accompanying
appendices
provide
an
overview
of
the
use,
distribution
and
environmental
release
of
sulfonyl­
based
fluorochemicals
(FCs)
produced
by
3M
Company.
The
paper
and
appendices
are
intended
to
present
a
preliminary
review
of
FC
pathways
for
human
and
environmental
exposure
from
the
time
these
materials
leave
the
control
of
3M
through
their
end­
use
and/
or
disposal.
This
assessment
is
primarily
qualitative
and
is
based
on
available
information
within
3M
and
the
experience
and
judgment
of
3M's
FC
marketing
and
technical
support
personnel.

3M
undertook
this
review
for
two
purposes:
(i)
to
support
initial
judgments
about
the
exposure
scenarios
of
greatest
significance
and
set
priorities
for
in­
depth
quantitative
evaluation
of
the
use
and
disposal
profile
of
selected
FC
products;
and
(ii)
to
guide
and
set
priorities
for
product
reformulation,
customer
communication
and
other
product
stewardship
activities.
Although
the
review
is
preliminary
and
qualitative,
it
may
be
useful
in
providing
EPA
and
other
agencies
with
an
introduction
to
FC
exposure
issues.

3M
has
already
taken
a
range
of
actions
based
on
this
preliminary
review.
These
include
product
and
environmental
stewardship
initiatives
to
reduce
FC
exposures
and
releases
at
3M
and
downstream
manufacturing
locations.
In
addition,
3M
is
in
the
process
of
developing
a
comprehensive
exposure
assessment
plan
which
will
include
further
modeling,
monitoring
and
product
use
simulations.
Preliminary
work
to
support
this
assessment
is
already
underway.
A
summary
of
3M's
stewardship
initiatives
and
exposure
assessment
workplan
is
presented
in
the
final
section
of
this
paper.

Because
the
information
in
this
paper
and
appendices
is
preliminary
and
qualitative,
it
contains
some
worst­
case
estimates
of
potential
exposure
and
release
levels.
For
this
reason,
the
information
in
the
paper
should
be
used
with
caution.
3M
expects
that
more
realistic
estimates
of
human
exposure
and
environmental
release
levels
will
be
available
once
its
exposure
assessment
plan
is
implemented.

The
3M
ECF
Process
FCs
are
components
of
several
important
3M
product
lines
due
to
their
unique
and
useful
properties.
As
components
of
products,
they
repel
both
water
and
oil,
reduce
surface
tension
much
lower
than
other
surfactants,
act
as
catalysts
for
oligomerization
and
polymerization,
and
function
where
other
products
would
rapidly
degrade.

3M
Company
utilizes
a
process
known
as
Simons
Electra­
Chemical
Fluorination
(ECF)
to
synthesize
organofluorine
molecules.
In
this
process,
organic
feedstocks
are
dispersed
in
liquid,
anhydrous
hydrogen
fluoride,
and
an
electric
current
is
passed
through
the
solution,
causing
the
hydrogen
atoms
on
the
molecule
to
be
replaced
with
fluorine.
The
predominant
components
of
the
products
created
by
this
process
have
the
same
carbon
skeletal
arrangement
as
the
feedstock
used,
but
with
all
of
the
hydrogen
atoms
replaced
by
fluorine.
However,
fragmentation
and
rearrangement
of
the
carbon
skeleton
can
also
occur
and
significant
amounts
of
cleaved,
branched
and
cyclic
structures
may
be
formed.
The
degree
of
fluorination
of
the
organic
feedstock
is
also
dependent
upon
the
specific
carbon
chain
length
of
the
feedstock
and
parameters
of
the
ECF
process
such
as
electrical
current
and
the
length
of
time
the
process
is
run.
It
is
possible
to
synthesize
fully
fluorinated
or
perfluorooganic
molecules
where
all
of
the
hydrogen
atoms
of
the
hydrocarbon
feedstock
have
been
replaced
by
fluorine
atoms.
Using
these
perfluorooganic
molecules
as
basic
building
blocks,
unique
chemistries
can
be
created
by
further
reactions
with
functionalized
hydrocarbon
molecules.

000005
3
3M
built
the
first
manufacturing
pilot
scale
ECF
process
in
1949
and
has
continued
to
develop
and
improve
the
Simons
ECF
process
for
the
production
of
fluorochemical
products.
Currently,
3M
has
three
manufacturing
sites
in
the
United
States
using
the
ECF
process
(Cottage
Grove
(pilot
production
only),
MN,
Cordova,
IL,
and
Decatur,
AL).
FC
production
using
the
ECF
process
occurs
outside
the
United
States
at
3M's
facility
in
Antwerp,
Belgium.

3MProducLkm
of
Suffon
vl­
6asedF/
crrochemicals
3M
has
produced
sulfonyl
based
fluorochemicals
commercially
for
over
40
years
using
the
ECF
process.
A
basic
building
block
of
such
products
and
the
highest
production
volume
fluorochemical3M
manufactures
is
perfluorooctanesulfonyl
fluoride
(POSF).
POSF
is
produced
in
the
United
States
primarily
at
3M's
Decatur
facility
in
quantities
of
around
.
The
starting
feedstock
for
producing
POSF
is
1
­octanesulfonyl
fluoride.

Reaction
I
c&
17So2F
+
34W
e­­­
e­­­
>
c8
Ft7S02F
+
17
HZ
ECF
1­
Octanesulfonyl
Fluoride
Perfluorooctanesulfonyl
fluoride
(POSF)

The
electrochemical
fluorination
process
yields
about
34%­
40%
straight
chain
(normal)
POSF,
and
a
mixture
of
byproducts
and
waste
of
variable
composition.
Because
of
slight
differences
in
process
conditions,
raw
materials,
and
equipment,
the
mixture
produced
by
the
electrochemical
fluorination
process
varies
somewhat
from
lot­
to­
lot
and
from
plant­
to­
plant.
The
product
that
results
f?
om
electrochemical
fluorination
is
thus
not
a
pure
chemical
but
rather
a
mix
of
isomers
and
homologues.

During
production,
byproducts
and
waste
products
are
formed.
The
volatile
waste
products,
such
as
perfluoromethane,
are
vented
to
the
atmosphere,
but
a
program
is
underway
to
capture
and
destroy
these
releases
by
thermal
oxidation.
The
tars
formed
in
the
process
are
incinerated
at
3M
corporate
hazardous
waste
incinerator.
The
byproducts,
many
of
which
are
incompletely
fluorinated
with
hydrogen
atoms
still
present,
can
be
recycled
back
into
the
ECF
process
or
are
partially
degraded
in
stabilization
processes,
and
eventually
discharged
to
controlled,
in­
house,
wastewater
treatment
systems.
The
treatment
sludge
is
either
landfilled
or
land­
incorporated.
Some
of
the
non­
POSF
byproducts
are
recovered
and
sold
for
secondary
uses.

POSF
is
itself
a
commercially
viable
product,
and
in
1997
was
sold
in
quantities
of
approximately
for
use
as
an
industrial
raw
material
(mainly
outside
the
US).
However,
the
primary
use
of
POSF
is
within
3M,
where
it
functions
as
an
important
intermediate
in
the
synthesis
of
substances
used
in
many
other
3M
fluorochemical
products.
The
majority
of
internally­
consumed
POSF
is
used
to
produce
functionally
derivatized
fluorochemicals
and
high
molecular
weight
polymeric
products.
Table
1
identifies
POSF­
based
fluorochemicals,
their
acronyms,
chemical
names,
and
formulas.
To
a
lesser
extent,
some
homologues
of
POSF,
[CnF(
2,,+
l)
S02F
where
n=
other
than
81,
principally
perfluorohexanesulfonyl
fluoride,
are
also
intermediates
in
the
formation
of
other
3M
products.

Perfluorooctane
sulfonic
acid
(PFOS)
will
result
from
the
chemical
or
metabolic
hydrolysis
of
POSF­
derived
FCs.
Under
appropriate
conditions,
the
perfluorooctane
sulfonate
anion
can
form
salts
with
monovalent
metalliccations.
Current
information
indicates
that
PFOS
or
its
salts
cannot
be
broken
down
further
4
000006
chemically
under
normally
occurring
environmental
conditions.
Therefore
PFOS
is
the
ultimate
degradation
product
from
POSF
derived
fluorochemicals
and
will
generally
persist
in
that
form.
PFOS
is
also
a
commercialized
product
used
for
a
variety
of
surfactant
applications
(mainly
fire­
fighting
foams
and
coating
additives).
3M
sells
approximately
Using
POSF
as
a
basic
building
block,
unique
chemistries
can
be
created
by
derivatizing
POSF
through
the
sulfonyl
fluoride
moiety
of
the
molecule
using
conventional
hydrocarbon
reactions.
Charts
1
and
2
outline
the
general
classes
of
fluorinated
materials
made
by
3M.
The
major
intermediates
are
represented
by
the
trunk
of
the
"tree"
in
Chart
1.
POSF
is
reacted
with
methyl
or
ethyl
amine
to
produce
either
N­
methyl
or
N­
ethylpeffluorooctanesulfonamide
(FOSA).
FOSA
is
subsequently
reacted
with
ethylene
carbonate
to
form
either
N­
methyl
or
N­
ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol
(FOSE).
The
FOSA
and
FOSE
intermediates
are
the
principal
building
blocks
of
3M's
product
lines.
By
poundage,
methyl­
fose
based
intermediates
and
products
slightly
predominate
over
ethyl­
fose­
based
materials.

The
secondary
reactions
producing
all
of
these
derivatives
are
single
or
sequential
batch
processes
that
do
not
necessarily
produce
pure
products.
There
may
be
varying
amounts
of
fluorochemical
residuals
(unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates)
that
are
carried
forward
to
the
final
product.
Examples
of
such
residuals
include
PFOS,
n­
methyl
and
n­
ethyl
FOSA
and
N­
MeFOSE
and
N­
Et
FOSE
alcohols.
Typically,
where
present,
these
residuals
can
be
found
at
a
concentration
of
l­
2%
or
less
in
final
products
and,
in
the
aggregate,
represent
roughly
l­
2%
of
total
FC
production
volume.
(FC
residuals
in
3M
products
have
the
potential
to
degrade
or
metabolize
to
PFOS.)
In
addition,
during
product
use
or
disposal,
the
non­.
ffuorochemical
moieties
added
to
the
sulfonyl
fluoride
group
of
POSF
can
also
be
removed
through
a
variety
of
degradation
processes
(chemical,
environmental
and
metabolic).
In
such
instances,
the
fluorochemical
.
species
which
is
ultimately
produced
as
a
result
of
such
degradation
will
generally
be
PFOS
as
well.

3MSulfonyf­
basedFlaorocltemicajproduc&

The
3M
Chemical
product
lines
that
use
POSF­
based
fluorochemicals
are
summarized
below.
In
some
cases,
3M
manufactures
the
final
commercialized
product.
In
other
cases,
3M
sells
a
fluorochemical
which
another
company
incorporates
into
its
final
product.
(Product
lines
using
fluorochemicals
which
contain
no
sulfonyl
groups
are
not
listed).

POSF­
derived
fluorochemicals
(polymers
and
monomers)
are
formulated
with
water
or
solvent,
with
the
FC
component
(or
FC
solids)
representing
percent
of
the
formulation.
Total
U.
S.
production
of
FC
solids
across
3M's
product
lines
is
about
.
3M
produced
FC
solids
represent
plus
of
the
total
production
of
sulfonyl
based
fluorochemicals
in
the
U.
S.
The
breakdown
of
3M
FC
production
into
different
product
categories
is
shown
in
Table
2.

Surface
Treatments
(High
Molecular
Weight
(MW)
polymers
or
formulated
products
Carpet
Protector
with
low
percentages
of
non­
polymeric
FC
solids)

Fabric/
Upholstery
Protector
Apparel
and
Leather
Protector
Protective
Products
for
After
Markets
and
Consumer
Application
Paper
and
Packaging
Protectors
(Phosphate
esters
or
high
MW
polymers)
Food
Packaging
5
Paper
Products
Performance
Chemicals
(Low
MW
chemical
substances)
Fire
Extinguishing
Foam
Concentrates
Mining
and
Oil
Surfactants
Electroplating
and
Etching
Bath
Surfactants
Household
Additives
Chemical
Intermediates
Coatings
and
Coating
Additives
Carpet
Spot
Cleaners
Insecticides
Raw
Materials
Surface
treatment
products
for
carpets,
textiles
and
apparel
are
typically
sold
under
the
ScotchgardB
tradename;
3M
markets
its
paper
and
packaging
protective
products
under
the
Scotchban@
tradename;
and
some
performance
chemicals
are
sold
under
the
Fluorad@
tradename.

Surface
Treatment
Products.
3M
fluorochemicals
produced
for
surface
treatment
applications
provide
soil,
stain,
and
water
resistance
to
personal
apparel
and
home
furnishings.
The
great
bulk
of
these
products
are
manufactured
as
high­
molecular
weight
polymers
although
some
surface
treatment
products
used
for
aftermarket
and
consumer
spray
application
contain
a
significant
fraction
of
unpolymerized
FC
components.
Polymeric
surface
treatment
products
are
primarily
N­
MeFOSEA­
based;
the
fluorochemical
is
polymerized
with
urethane,
acrylate
and/
or
adipate
reactants.
Such
protective
products
function
through
the
fluorocarbon
moiety
on
the
polymer
lowering
the
surface
energy
of
the
material
to
which
they
are
applied.

Paper
Protectors.
The
3M
paper
protectors
are
used
in
food
packaging
and
commercial
applications.
They
can
be
divided
into
two
general
classes
of
chemistries.
One
class
consists
of
mixtures
of
mono­,
di­
and
tri­
phosphate
esters
of
N­
EtFOSE
alcohol,
roughly
in
the
proportions
of
lo%,
85%
and
5%
percent,
respectively.
The
other
class
is
N­
MeFOSEA­
acrylate
copolymer.
Applied
to
paper,
the
per­
fluorocarbon
moiety
in
these
classes
of
products
has
the
effect
of
lowering
the
surface
energy
of
the
individual
paper
fibers.
This
lowered
surface
energy
greatly
contributes
to
the
holdout
of
low
surface
energy
liquids
such
as
greases
and
oils.

Performance
Chemicals.
POSF
derived
chemistries
used
as
performance
chemicals
are
relatively
low
molecular
weight
(GO0
daltons)
surface
active
materials
and
monomers.
Some
of
these
chemicals
are
sold
by
3M,
or
incorporated
by
3M
customers
into
formulated
products,
for
use
as
surfactants
in
a
range
of
industrial
or
consumer
applications.
Other
performance
chemicals
are
used
as
intermediates
from
which
3M
or
its
customers
make
other
finished
products.
Such
fluorochemical
intermediates
can
be
covalently
bound
to
a
variety
of
polymeric
hydrocarbon
backbones
to
make
higher
molecular
oligomeric
or
polymeric
products
with
unique
performance
characteristics.

POSF­
derived
performance
chemicals
with
fluorochemical
surfactant
properties
differ
greatly
from
conventional
hydrocarbon
and
silicone
surfactants.
In
most
systems
they
are
far
more
efficient
in
reducing
surface
tension
to
levels
that
are
unreachable
with
other
types
of
surfactants.
In
some
aqueous
systems,
surface
tensions
as
low
as
1.5
to
16
dynes/
cm
can
be
attained.
The
fluorochemical
surfactants
normally
produce
these
extremely
low
values
at
concentrations
as
low
as
100
parts
per
million,
or
less.
Equally
important
is
the
fact
that
certain
of
these
fluorochemical
surface
active
agents
are
stable
and
effective
in
many
extremely
hostile
6
000008
environments,
including
strongly
acidic,
strongly
alkaline
and
even
strongly
oxidizing
systems.
Table
3
summarizes
the
features
of
fluorochemical
surfactants.

Another
unique
physical
characteristic
of
certain
POSF­
based
performance
chemicals
is
their
ability
to
form
tough,
yet
resilient
foams.
Such
foams
usually
contain
low
molecular
weight
fluorochemicals
(including
PFOS)
and
have
been
formulated
to
resist
the
action
of
high
temperature
or
aggressive
chemicals
and
vapors.
These
formulations
have
found
commercial
application
in
suppressing
flammable
liquid,
chemical
and
organic
fires
or
toxic
and
obnoxious
vapors
and
odors.

Profiie
ofMaior
Product
Cafepories
The
Appendices
to
this
paper
provide
detailed
profiles
of
each
of
the
major
use
categories
for
sulfonyl­
based
FCs.
For
each
use
category,
the
Appendices
present:

l
Chemical
composition
information
for
3M
products.

l
A
description
of
the
relevant
business,
including
the
scope
of
FC
usage
and
distribution
and
location
of
key
customers.

l
A
synopsis
of
use
and
distribution
patterns,
including
potential
exposure
pathways
during
the
initial
application
of
FCs
by
3M's
customers,
potential
environmental
release
scenarios
and
opportunities
for
exposure
during
end­
use
of
products
to
which
FCs
are
applied.

Key
information
about
each
use
category
is
highlighted
below.

Surface
Treatment
Products
l
These
products
provide
soil
resistance
and
repellency
(fluorochemical
products).
Industrial,
non­
retail
customers
for
products
in
this
class
consist
of(
i)
carpet
manufacturers
and
fiber
producers
who
serve
the
markets
for
residential,
commercial
and
transportation
flooring;
(ii)
textile
mills
and
commission
finishers
who
produce
upholstery
fabric
for
residential
furniture,
home
decor
items
such
as
slipcovers,
mattress
pads
and
shower
curtains,
and
automotive,
truck
and
van
interiors
or
produce
non­
woven
fabrics
for
use
in
medical
or
industrial
applications;
and
(iii)
textile
mills,
leather
tanneries,
finishers
and
chemical
formulators
who
treat
fabric
and
leather
used
for
garments,
footwear,
accessories
and
non­
garment
functional
fabrics.

l
These
products
consist
of
polymeric
FCs
with
high
molecular
weights.
Industrial,
commercial
and
consumer
exposure
is
primarily
to
polymeric
substances,
although
most
of
the
3M
products
contain
low
amounts
of
monomeric
FC
residuals
(typically
at
1
percent
or
lower
levels)
to
which
some
exposure
may
occur.

l
Upon
distribution
to
mills,
fiber
manufacturers
or
other
customers,
the
3M
surface
treatment
product
is
typically
mixed
with
other
additives
and
diluted.
It
is
then
applied
to
uncut
fiber,
textile
or
leather
raw
materials.
Application
methods
include
spray,
foam,
pad
or
co­
application.
Depending
on
the
market
segment,
the
application
process
occurs
in
an
enclosed
or
open
operation.
In
the
latter
case,
mill
production
workers
could
have
inhalation
7
000009
and/
or
dermal
exposure
to
FCs
although
such
exposure
would
be
predominantly
to
polymers.
Some
additional
exposure
may
occur
during
processing
operations
such
as
drying,
shearing,
cutting
and
shipping
although
exposure
levels
should
be
low.

l
Losses
of
FC
polymers
to
the
environment
are
expected
during
3M
customer
operations.
These
losses
could
involve
discharges
of
process
wastewater
and
air
releases
during
initial
application
of
surface
treatment
formulations
to
uncut
carpet,
fiber,
fabric
or
leather.
Additional
wastes
(typically
solids
coated
with
FC
polymers)
are
created
during
cutting,
shearing
and
other
packaging
operations
and
are
typically
landfilled
or
recycled.
Total
FC
losses
during
downsteam
operations
will
vary
by
application
but
it
is
estimated
that
they
could
range
between
l
The
end­
use
of
consumer
articles
is
another
source
of
FC
losses
to
the
environment.
For
example,
vacuuming
and
cleaning
of
carpets
is
estimated
to
result
in
substantial
removal
of
the
FC
treatment
over
time;
carpet
containing
FC
coatings
is
also
landfilled
upon
end­
of­
life
disposal.
Similarly,
FC
losses
to
the
environment
are
also
expected
in
wastewater
from
dry
cleaning
and
laundering
of
garments,
upholstery
and
leather
goods
and
from
landfilling
of
these
items
after
they
are
discarded.

l
3M
surface
treatment
products
have
extensive
aftermarket
applications
and
are
distributed
through
retail
and
commercial
channels
for
direct
treatment
of
upholstery,
carpet,
auto
interiors,
apparel
and
leather
by
individual
consumers
or
professional
applicators.

l
Retail
products
in
this
category
are
aerosol
can
spray
cleaners
and
protectors
for
residential
use.
These
products
are
manufactured
by
independent
non­
3M
facilities
under
contract
with
3M
and
are
distributed
through
grocery,
hardware
and
autoparts
stores
and
other
retail
outlets.
A
variety
of
formulations
are
manufactured
for
this
market.
Typically,
they
include
non­
polymeric
fluorochemical
salts
and
residuals
at
levels
of
between
.
These
have
the
potential
to
degrade
to
PFOS.
These
products
are
intended
for
occasional
home
use
only.

l
Commercial
3M
surface
treatment
products
are
marketed
to
(i)
commercial
cleaning
services
and
(ii)
commercial
film
processing
facilities.
Products
in
the
first
category
are
liquid,
water­
based
materials
applied
through
low­
pressure
or
paint­
type
spray
equipment
to
upholstery,
carpet
and
other
surfaces
in
homes,
commercial
buildings
or
retail
furniture
outlets.
These
products
contain
non­
polymeric
FC
solids
and
residuals
in
concentrations
of
between
.
The
second
class
of
products
includes
liquid,
photocurable
coating
for
film
negatives
which
is
typically
machine­
applied
at
commercial
film
processing
facilities.

Paper
andl?
ackagh­
g
Protectors
l
3M
markets
fluorochemical
sizing
agents
to
the
packaging
and
paper
industries.
These
products
impart
grease,
oil
and
water
resistance
to
paper
and
paperboard
substrates.
They
are
used
for
food
contact
applications
(`
plates,
food
containers,
bags
and
wraps)
and
non­
food
applications
(folding
cartons,
containers
and
carbonless
forms
and
masking
papers).

8
ooooio
l
Fluorochemical
sizing
agents
are
applied
to
paper
and
paperboard
substrates
predominantly
by
paper
mills
which
treat
paper
fibers
and,
to
a
much
lesser
extent,
by
converters
who
transform
paper
and/
or
paperboard
into
wraps,
bags
or
cartons
for
desired
end­
uses.
Application
methods
vary
but
approximately
75
percent
of
paper
mill
use
of
these
products
occurs
via
the
size
press.
The
fluorochemical
product
received
by
3M
customers
is
typically
diluted
in
a
starch/
water
solution
and
applied
in
a
concentration
to
the
paper
web,
which
is
then
dried
to
evaporate
the
water
and
converted
into
rolls
for
shipment.
Mix
preparation,
treatment
of
the
paper
web,
and
conversion
are
all
carried
out
in
open
systems
although
fluorochemical
exposure
to
workers
is
generally
considered
to
be
limited
because
of
the
dilute
form
of
the
sizing
mixture
and
predominance
of
high
molecular
weight
FC
esters
or
polymers.
Some
loss
of
the
fluorochemicals
to
the
environment
occurs
as
a
result
of
spillage,
cleanup
and
releases
during
the
opening,
rinsing
and
recovery
of
FC
totes
or
drums.
Environmental
media
for
FC
releases
include
wastewater
and
air
(for
losses
during
papermaking)
and
landfills
(for
disposal
of
end­
use
paper
products).

l
3M's
food
packaging
products
include
a
high
molecular
weight
phosphate
ester
produced
using
N­
EtFOSE
and
an
acrylate
copolymer
based
on
N­
MeFOSEA.
Both
of
these
products
are
regulated
by
the
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
for
direct
food
contact
under
21
C.
F.
R.
176.170.
The
first
product
has
been
subject
to
considerable
dialogue
between
FDA
and
3M
as
a
result
of
a
petition
for
approval
for
microwave
popcorn
applications
filed
by
3M.
In
a
risk
assessment
recently
submitted
to
FDA
in
connection
with
this
petition,
3M
presented
analyzes
indicating
that
PFOS
could
be
formed
in
vivo
as
a
result
of
the
hydrolysis
of
certain
product
components
and
the
metabolic
conversion
of
FC
residuals.
'

l
3M's
grease,
oil
and
water
repellant
products
for
non­
FDA
applications
are
similar
in
composition
to
its
food
contact
products.
Consumer
exposure
to
the
FC
residuals
is
expected
to
be
minimal
because
use
scenarios
for
paper
and
packaging
products
containing
them
involve
very
occasional
dermal
contact.

`Environ
Corporation,
Revised
Interim
Safety
Assessment
of
FC­
807
and
807A:
Two
Fluorochemical­
based
Indirect
Food
Additives,
January
25,
1999.
9
000011
Performance
Chemicafs
l
Products
in
this
category
are
distributed
for
a
variety
of
specialized
industrial,
commercial
and
consumer
applications,
often
where
the
surfactant
properties
of
fluorochemicals
offer
significant
benefits.
Many
of
these
products
are
low
molecular
weight
POSF­
derived
chemistries;
some
are
fluorochemical
intermediates
covalently
bonded
to
a
variety
of
polymeric
hydrocarbon
backbones.
Since
these
products
tend
to
serve
niche
markets,
volumes
are
generally
small.

l
Fire
Fighting
Foams.
Light
Water@
and
ATCB
are
trademarks
for
3M
products
that
are
aqueous
film
forming
foams
(AFFF)
and
alcohol­
resistant
concentrate
(AR­
AFFF)
used
to
suppress
and/
or
extinguish
flammable
liquid
fires
and
suppress
flammable
liquid
and
toxic
chemical
vapors.
The
great
bulk
of
these
products
are
sold
to
"fire
fighters"
who
mix
the
concentrate
with
water
to
form
a
foam
and
apply
it
to
the
tire
or
flammable
liquid
either
manually
or
through
an
automated
system.
User
categories
for
the
foams
include
chemical
and
petroleum
plants,
fire
departments,
vessels,
off­
shore
drilling
platforms,
the
military,
and
environmental
remediation
companies.
The
3M
foam
products
contain
low
concentrations
which
is
typically
present
at
levels
of
in
the
foam
as
applied.
After
application,
the
foam
is
disposed
of,
typically
through
wastewater
treatment,
but
uncontrolled
releases
to
surface
water
or
land
are
known
to
occur.

l
Mining
and
Oil
Surfactants.
3M
sells
surfactants
to
copper
and
gold
mines
to
increase
wetting
of
the
sulfuric
acid
or
cyanide
that
leaches
the
ore,
enhancing
the
amount
of
metal
recovery.
Oil
well
service
firms
and
oil
companies
also
use
these
surfactants
in
a
"well
stimulation"
formulation
that
is
injected
into
wells
to
enhance
oil
or
gas
recovery.
These
`products
contain
low
molecular
weight
FCs
present
at
low
levels
in
the
range
of
l
Metal
Plating
and
Electronic
Etching
Baths.
Users
of
3M
surfactants
in
this
category
include
chrome
and
plastic
preplate
etchant
platers
seeking
to
suppress
oxidizing
mist
for
purposes
of
worker
protection.
3M
surfactants
are
sold
either
as
powders
to
formulators
or
as
liquids
directly
to
platers.
Electronics
manufacturers
also
add
3M
surfactants
as
strong
acids
in
order
to
etch
precise
patterns
in
a
silicon
wafer
or
a
printed
circuit
board.
The
3M
products
are
.
As
distributed
to
formulators,
these
products
typically
contain
FC
solids
at
levels
of
or
higher
but
are
diluted
down
to
concentrations
of
when
added
to
metal
plating
or
electronic
etching
baths.
Because
of
the
presence
of
strong
acids
and
other
corrosive
materials,
workers
who
prepare
and
apply
the
baths
normally
use
personal
protective
equipment.
Disposal
of
the
spent
baths
is
either
to
wastewater
treatment
facilities
or
to
hazardous
waste
landfills
or
incinerators
when
the
baths
qualify
as
hazardous
waste
for
purposes
of
RCRA.

10
000012
l
HouseholdAdditives.
3M
surfactants
are
now
(or
previously
have
been)
sold
to
a
variety
of
formulators
to
improve
the
wetting
of
water­
based
products
marketed
as
alkaline
cleaners,
floor
polishes,
photographic
film,
denture
cleansers
and
shampoos.
Several
of
these
products
(alkaline
cleaners,
floor
polishes,
shampoos)
are
(or
previously
were)
marketed
to
consumers;
some
products
are
also
sold
to
janitorial
and
commercial
cleaning
services.
Some
of
the
alkaline
cleaners
are
spray­
applied
and
could
result
in
inhalation
or
ingestion
exposure.
The
primary
exposure
route
for
other
products
is
dermal.
The
3M
surfactants
are
As
supplied
to
formulators,
the
3M
products
contain
in
the
range
of
FC
solids
but
are
then
heavily
diluted
and
are
present
in
final
products
at
extremely
low
levels
l
Intermediates.
3M
sells
limited
quantities
of
fluorochemical
intermediates
which
are
combined
with
other
monomers
to
produce
polymers.
The
intermediates
sold
by
3M
in
the
U.
S.
include,
fluorinated
alkyl
acrylate
and
fluorinated
alkyl
alcohol.
Polymers
produced
by
3M
customers
are
believed
to
have
trace
levels
of
FC
residuals.

l
Coatings
and
Coating
Additives.
3M
sells
fluorochemical
polymer
coatings
and
coating
additives
which
are
used
as
received
or
diluted
with
water
or
butyl
acetate
to
impart
soil
or
water
repellency
to
surfaces
(including
printed
circuit
boards
or
photographic
film).
These
polymers
contain
FC
residuals
in
low
levels
(typically
4%
or
less).
Other
formulators
add
3M
fluorochemical
polymers
as
a
thickener
to
aqueous
coatings
used
to
protect
tile,
marble
and
concrete.
Products
in
this
class
have
some
distribution
tu
commercial
and
consumer
channels.

l
Carpet
Spot
CZeaner.
3M
supplies
a
non­
polymeric
fluorochemical
to
formulators
of
carpet
spot
cleaners
in
which
the
fluorochemical
provides
stain
and
soil
resistance.
These
products
are
marketed
to
consumers
in
pump
and
aerosol
cans
for
spray
application
to
carpets.
The
FC
component
of
these
products
is
present
at
levels
of
l
Insecticides
Raw
Materials.
The
3M
products
are
processed
by
3M
customers
into
active
ingredients
in
bait
stations
for
leaf
cutter
ants,
pharoah
ants,
cornfield
ants
and
a
variety
of
household
ants.
These
products
are
used
mainly
in
commercial
and
industrial
applications.
The
fluorochemicals
are
present
in
the
pesticide
formulation
at
levels
of
On~
okp
and
Proposed
Exposure
Assessment
and
Ste
wardship
IniZa~*
ves
Based
on
the
results
of
its
initial
product
use,
distribution,
and
release
overview,
3M
has
undertaken
or
is
planning
a
variety
of
stewardship
and
exposure
assessment
initiatives
intended
to
better
characterize
the
highest
priority
human
and
environmental
exposure
pathways
while
taking
initial
steps
to
minimize
exposure
and
release
levels
for
products
containing
PFOS
or
PFOS
precursors.

11
000013
3M
has
undertaken
extensive
research
and
development
programs
to
reengineer
POSF­
based
products
to
reduce
PFOS
and
precursor
residuals
and
ultimately
to
transition
to
chemistries
with
lower
accumulation
potential.

3M
has
updated
fluorochemical
based
MSDS's
and
has
begun
an
industrial
hygiene
program
with
customers
aimed
at
helping
to
promote
improved
use
and
handling
of
fluorochemicals
and
reduction
of
occupational
exposures
where
appropriate.
As
part
of
this
program,
3M
has
volunteered
to
make
available
its
industrial
hygiene
professionals
for
qualitative
workplace
assessments
at
customer
facilities.
3M
is
also
conducting
use
simulation
studies
to
determine
potential
consumer
exposure
levels
for
FCs
released
during
spray
application
of
surface
treatment
products
marketed
to
consumers.

Exnosure
Assessment
Plan
Overview
Building
on
3M's
initial
assessment
a
plan
also
has
been
developed
to
assess
potential
environmental
exposure
pathways
associated
with
the
manufacture,
use
and
disposition
of
major
3M
fluorochemical
products.
A
detailed
description
of
all
the
exposure/
product
stewardship
initiatives
is
beyond
the
scope
of
this
paper
but
the
four
principle
components
are
as
follows:

1)
The
characterization
of
fate
and
transport
properties
is
being
addressed
in
multiple
steps.
The
specific
projects
planned
and/
or
initiated
to
characterize
fate
and
transport
properties
of
fluorochemicals
are:

a>
Physical/
chemical
properties
testing
of
persistent
fluorochemical
degradation
products
as
well
as
selected
fluorochemical
products.
This
includes
(where
applicable):
melting
point,
boiling
point,
vapor
pressure,
disassociation
constant,
hydrolysis,
water
solubility,
air/
water
partition
coefficient,
octanol/
water
partition
coefficient,
soil/
water
partition
coefficient,
bioconcentration
in
fish.

b)
Photodegradation
studies
4
Atmospheric
chemistry
evaluation
d>
Studies
to
assess
aerobic
and
anaerobic
biodegradability
e>
Development
of
appropriate
models
for
the
prediction
of
physical/
chemical
properties
of
fluorochemicals
not
tested.

2)
Using
the
initial
estimates
in
the
attached
assessment
and
sales
data
from
1997,
releases
from
manufacturing,
the
supply
chain,
use
and
disposal
at
all
steps
are
being
estimated
for
the
products
identified
as
important.
Release
data
is
also
being
determined
by
sampling
and
analyses
of
3M
manufacturing
plant
process
wastes
and
effluents.
In
addition
to
providing
the
information
necessary
to
assess
distribution
and
exposure,
release
estimates
will
aid
in
determining
sampling
sites
and
substantiate
results
from
sampling.
It
is
anticipated
that
this
effort
may
also
identify
those
fluorochemicals
which
require
further
analysis
of
fate,
transport
and
exposure.

3)
Modeling
and
sampling
is
being
undertaken
to
estimate
fluorochemical
concentrations
and
better
characterize
the
distribution
of
FCs
in
the
environment.
These
activities
are
to
be
conducted
in
an
iterative
fashion
and
will
become
refined
and
focused
as
more
data
become
available.
The
specific
projects
planned
and/
or
initiated
to
characterize
environmental
distribution
are:

12
000014
4)
Exposure
levels
for
all
possible
pathways
that
could
lead
to
human
ecological
exposure
from
the
prioritized
products
will
be
estimated.
When
release
and
distribution
data
become
available,
the
most
important
pathways
will
be
hypothesized.
Iterative
sampling
and
modeling
will
be
employed
to
test
these
hypotheses
and
determine
the
important
pathways
to
be
used
in
risk
assessment.
The
specific
projects
planned
and/
or
initiated
to
estimate
exposure
are:

SUMMARY
Efforts
are
underway
at
3M
to
assess
the
risk
of
POSF
based
3M
fluorochemicals
to
both
human
health
and
the
environment.
To
augment
3M's
initial
review
an
exposure
assessment
plan
for
POSF
based
fluorochemicals
is
being
implemented.
As
new
information
becomes
available
it
will
be
summarized
and
communicated
to
the
EPA.
A
POSF
based
fluorochemical
environmental
"white
paper"
is
currently
being
prepared
and
will
be
submitted
upon
completion.

13
000015
Chart
1
POSF
Fluorochemical
Reaction
Tree
Fatty
Acid
Alcohols
Urethanes
Amides
Oxazolidinones
(N­
Alkylperfluo%%
iesulfonamide)

Quatematy
Ammonium
Salts
Sulfonates
(PFOS)

POSF
(Perfluorooctanesulfonyl
fluoride)

14
000016
Table
1.
Fluorochemical
Glossary
Designation
Molecular
Formula
POSF
W17sozF
PFOS
W17SO3`
Technical
Name
(CAS
Name)

Peffluorooctanesulfonyl
fluoride
(I­
Octanesulfonyl
fluoride,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­)

Perfluorooctanesulfonate
CBFI~
SO~
H
W,
WW,

CBF17S03Li
,CeF,
rS02NHCH2CH3
(I­
Octanesulfonic
acid
anion,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­)

Peffluorooctanesulfonic
acid
(I­
Octanesulfonic
acid,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4.5,5,6,6.7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­)

Ammonium
perfluorooctanesulfonate
(I­
Octanesulfonic
acid,
1
,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­,
ammonium
salt)

`Perfluorooctanesulfonate,
diethanolamine
salt
`(
I­
Octanesulfonic
acid,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­,
compd.
with
2,2'­
iminobis[
ethanol]
(1:
1))

IPotassium
perfluorooctanesulfonate
(1­
Octanesulfonic
acid,
I
.1.2,2,3,3,4.4.5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­,
potassium
salt)

Lithium
perfluorooctanesulfonate
(l­
Octanesulfonic
acid,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­,
lithium
salt)

Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
(I­
Octanesulfonamide,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,&
heptadecafluoro­)

IN­
pedluorooctylsulfonyl­
N­
ethylglycinate
(Glycine.
N­
ethyl­
N­[(
heptadecafluorooctyl)
sulfonyl]­,
anion)

N­
Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide
(l­
Octanesulfonamide,
N­
ethyl­
l,
l,
2.2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6.7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­)

N­
Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide
(I­
Octanesulfonamide,
1
,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­
N­
methyl­)

N­
Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol
(I­
Octanesulfonamide,
N­
ethyl­
l,
1
,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­
N­(
2­
hydro~
ethyl)­)

N­
Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol
N­
MeFOSA
N­
EtFOSE
N­
MeFOSE
I
WOctanesulfonamide,
1
,l
,2,2.3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptade~
fluoro­
N­(
2­
hydro~
ethyi)­
N­
methyl­)

N­
EtFOSEA
CsF,
7S02N(
CH2CH3)
CH2CHZOCOCH=
CH2
N­
Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethyl
acrylate
(2­
Propenoic
acid,
2­[
ethyl[(
heptadecafluorooctyl)
sulfonyl]
amino]
ethyl
ester)

N­
EtFOSEMA
CsF,
7SO~
N(
CH2CH3)
CH2CH10COC(
CH3)=
CH2
N­
Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethyl
methacrylate
(ZPropenoic
acid,
2­
methyl­,
2­[
ethyl[(
heptadecafluorooctyl)
sutfonyl]
amino]
ethyl
ester)

N­
MeFOSEA
Cr,
F,
7SOzN(
CH3)
CH2CH20COCH=
CH2
N­
Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethyl
acrylate
I
I
1(
2­
Propenoic
acid,
2­[[(
heptadecefluoro~~
yl)
s~
lfonyl]
methylamino]
ethyl
ester)
i
15
16
000018
Table
3
Features
of
Fluorochemical
Surfactants
SURFACE
ACTIVITY
AQUEOUS
SYSTEMS
Some
of
these
surfactants
can
lower
surface
tension
to
less
than
16
dynes/
cm
and
function
at
low
concentrations.
They
are
effective
in
dramatically
reducing
surface
tension
in
a
wide
variety
of
aqueous
media,
including
acidic
and
basic
systems.

NON
AQUEOUS
SYSTEMS
Fluorochemical
Surfactants
have
been
developed
which
uniquely
reduce
surface
tensions
of
many
organic
media
to
about
20
dynes/
cm,
including
solvents
such
as
esters,
alcohols
and
ethers
and
resin
systems
including
epoxies,
polyesters,
urethanes
and
acrylics.

WETTMG
Reduced
surface
tensions
result
in
the
ability
to
improve
the
wetting
of
a
variety
of
materials,
including
such
hard
to
wet
surfaces
as
plastics
and
oily
metals.

BETTER
SPREADING
Low
surface
tension
in
combination
with
low
interfacial
tension
tiects
spontaneous
spreading
of
a
liquid
over
various
surfaces.
This
is
important
in
reducing
pinholes,
craters,
and
edge
crawling
of
coatings
applied
to
unclean
surfaces.

REDUCED
WATER
SPOTTING
Because
of
reduced
droplet
formation,
the
need
for
distilled
or
deionized
water
in
rinsing
operations
may
be
eliminated.

SMALLER
GAS
BUBBLES
These
smaller
gas
bubbles
produced
at
the
surface
of
metal
during
chemical
etching
will
have
less
tendency
to
adhere,
grow
and
cause
surface
imperfections.

SMALLER
DROP
FORMATION
Smaller
drops
are
desired
in
tine
aerosol
mists.

BEnER
LIQUID
PENETRATION
The
force
required
to
cause
liquids
to
move
through
small
pore
spaces
can
be
greatly
reduced.

IMPROVED
FILM
UNIFORMITY
Smoother,
more
even
films
are
produced
from
polishes,
finishes
and
coatings.
LEVELING
Emulsion
coatings
applied
to
diffkult
to
wet
surfaces
can
show
greatly
improved
leveling
with
the
addition
of
small
quantities
of
these
materials.

FOAMING
Stable
foams
can
be
produced
in
hostile
media
such
as
chromic
acid
or
sodium
hydroxide,
where
conventional
surface
active
agents
would
be
destroyed.

EMULSIFICATION
While
generally
not
effective
as
emulsifiers
in
water­
organic
systems,
these
materials
can
be
quite
efficient
emulsifiers
in
specialty
applications,
where
fluorinated
materials
comprise
either
the
continuous
or
the
dispersed
phase.

STABILITY
Some
of
these
surface
active
agents
are
stable
in
such
rigorous
environments
as
hot
chromic
acid,
anhydrous
hydrazine,
hot
concentrated
sulfuric
acid,
hot
concentrated
hydrofluoric
acid
and
hot
concentrated
sodium
hydroxide
solutions.

Thermal
While
all
of
these
materials
have
very
good
stability
at
moderate
temperatures,
a
few
can
withstand
temperatures
in
excess
of
300°
F
in
air.

LOW
CONCENTRATION
These
materials
are
normally
effective
at
extremely
low
concentrations,
and
often
are
utilized
at
concentrations
of
100
parts
per
million
active
solids
or
less.

17
000019
­*
18
000020
0
0
I.
SANITIZED
COPY
Protective
Chemical
Products
Carpet
Business
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution,
and
Release
Overview
000022
20
Foreword
This
report
is
a
comprehensive
Iook
at
exposure
to
3M's
fluorochemicals
in
the
Floorcoverings
business.
It
attempts
to
answer
the
following
questions.

l
Whatproductsarecustomersexposedto?

l
Where
does
exposure
happen?

l
What
type
of
exposure
is
it?

The
3M
ffuorochemical
business
is
compiex
and
global.
Markets
served
are
hi@
y
mented
involving
multiple
3M
products
that
are
applied
to
multiple
substrates,
sold
into
multiple
market
segments
and
used
for
multiple
end
products.

Information
for
this
report
was
developed
solely
fkom
internal
3M
sources.
These
include:

l
Knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
Corn
field
sales
and
technical
personnel
l
Best
estimates
of
end­
use
applications
from
known
customer
activities.

l
Internal
sales
reports
l
Knowledge
of
worldwide
activhies
(where
applicable),
by
St
Paul­
based
personnel
How
To
Read
This
Rewwt
Situation
Analysis:
Provides
background
on
business
and
products.

Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact:
Follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
throughout
the
distribution
chain
to
final
end
user.
Objective
is
to
identify
all
points
of
contact
with
our
chemicals
­
Erom
arrival
on
customer's
loadingdock
through
product
usage
and
disposal.

Exposure
Information
Charts
Attempts
to
e
type
and
length
of
exposure
and
number
of
workers
exposed
to
our
chemicals
within
the
distribution
chain.

Summary
Table:
Combines
3M
product
de&
il
with
the
exposure
routes
to
provide
a
summary
of
total
business
exposure
by
product
type.

000023
.

21
Table
of
Contents
I.
Chemical
Names
11.
Situation
Analysis
A
Business
D&
n&
ion
B.
Market
Segments
C.
Fluorochemicdl
Usage
D.
Customer
Location
Map
III.
Exposure
Assessment
A.
Distributim
Chain
1
Points.
of
Contact
B.
Exposure
Routes
C.
Application
Methods
and
Disposal
D,
EndUser
formation
E.
Summary
Table
000024
22
Chemical
Names
l
000025
23
_.
i
ChemicdNames
.

The
following
is
a
list
of
ChemicaI
Abstract
Services
(CAS)
names
and
numbers
for
individual
products.
The
foIlowing
infbrmation
is
presented:

Generic
Code:
Indicates
au
internal
3N
designation
of
the
product(
s).

CAsNIxmbec
IixiicatesthechemicaIAbstracts
services
IlImlhcr(
s)
offhmrochemicals
cozminedwithincachprodnct.

Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
names
ifCAS
name
does
not
exist):
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
name(
s)
of
fIuorochemicals
contained
witbin
­mod­

chemidctass:
IIldicatesashorten~
gene!
ricchuIlicaInam.

000026
­Y
24
Chemical
Names
Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
If
dAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
Carpet
w­
1
)
CP­
2,
CP­
3,
CP­
5,
CP­
6
CP­
2
CP­
5,
CP­
6
CP­
7
CP­
3
CP­
4
l
Situation
Analysis
.

000028
I
26
Situation
Analysis
­
I;
zoorirtg
Business
Segment
Business
Definition
This
segment
is
comprised
of
carpet
manuf&
turers
and%
ber
producers
to
whom
we
supply
fvluorochemical
and
s&
blocker
protective
treatments
for
carpet.
These
products
provide
soil
resistance
and
repellency
(fluorochemical
products)
and
s+
n
resistance
(stainblockers).

The
Flooring
Business
Unit
defines
its
market
by
the
following
segments:

l
Residentialcarpet
l
Commercial
Carpet
l
Transportation
Carpet
l
he­
a
Rugs
(minimal
activity)

The
following
two
pages
&rther
depict
the
Flooring
Market
Segment
and
our
business
in
those
segments:

000029
27
1998
US.
Flooring
Market
Segments
Residential
Carpet
Commercial
Carpet
Trans
or&
tbn
c!
arpet
Area
Rugs
.

*
Replacement
DIY
Professional
l
Res.
Contract
New
construction
Tenant
improvement
l
Specifier
Off
ice
Hdsgitality
institutional
Retail
l
Main
Street
l
Automotive
OEM
Replacement
Throw
Mats
l
Mobile
Hoines
l
R8Or88ttOnal
V8hiCl8S
Motor
l­
iomes
Marine
0
Tufted
Rugs
l
Scatter
Rugs
l
Indoor/
Outdoor/
Grass
l
BraidecUVVo~
en
l
Airline
.

MM
sq,
Yds.
912
363
708
181
Fluorochemical
Usage
This
table
is
simply
a
breakdown
of
fluorochemicaf
poducts
by
volume.
These
volumes
are
then
fbrther
divided
by
apphtion
method.
These
numbers
are
based
on
sales
volumes
and
3M
sourcesinc~
gsaies,
technicalservice,
aud~.

29
30
008032
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,.
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate
EndUse:
use.
oflreatedsubstmte
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M=
looo)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

o/
o
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concemration
of
the
mixture
of
fhrorochemicals
that
are
meacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;.
f~.
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure,
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
T.

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likeiy
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
Born
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

000033
31
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
PrOdlJCt
Code
F
CP­
1
CPA
CP­
3
F
CP­
4
1
CP­
S
kcass
or
Volume
%
End
U&
sold
~hemlstry
Residuals
.UtiPaltem
RobteofExtMtre.

I
I
Mltm.
oi
Fd
Sdidk
Fibet
%InProd.
ki
Defmai
Treatment
Treatment
Fiber
I
I
0.3
x
x
,.
x
0.3
X
x.
X
Treatment
Carpet
Treatment
3105
X
X
X
Carpet
Treatment
Carpet
Treatment
3to5
X
X
x
0.9
1
X
X
X
1
Carpet
X
X
x
­
_
I
.
.
.

l
Customer
Location
Map
The
following.
U.
S.
map
identifies
the
location
of
chemical
purchasing
customers
in
the
Floorings
market
segment.
The
grayscale
key
indicates
where
applic&
on
of
3M
fluorochemicals
for
aqwt
occurs.
Treated
goods
are
fbund
throq$
out
the
United
States.
1
Carpet
Treatment
Breakdown
w
P
:
::.
,_
.
.
:
:

,
;
I
I
000036
.__
,.
.
.
.
.._.­.
­­­­_.._­.
­
7;
­
;
,,
'
..
'
Exposure
Information.

000037
*

;
.
0
35
Distribution
Chain
/
Points
of
Contact
This
d@
am
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
fkom
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
reqresents
an
overview
of
both
the
distributioo
chain
and
the
significant
points
of
contact
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distributionchain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
ixSormation
was
compiled
f?
om
3M
internal
knowledgq
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
senicekales
visits
and
generaI
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

000038
.

.36
Distribution
ChaMPojnts
of
Contact
Carpet
\1/
Carpet
Mill
(Inventory)
I
cturer
(Inventory
I
Bulk
Formuiating
1
Bulk
Mefer'ing
1
1
I
1
I
I
\I/

/Ceramic
Guide
Applicationl
Mill
Processing
Tufli~,
finishing
3M
Pluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
i&
ormation
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing.
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
`X'.

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
duringused.

E&
mated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers
potentially
may
be
exposeddlllinguse.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid.
solid,.
aem@.
or
vapor).
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,.
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
includmg
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

oooq40
38
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
I
I
Oral
Oermal
t
x
I
l­
3
I
x
LW
lncldrnce.
cw
Ptoduct
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Tufting
IXlXl
x
1
I
I
2
H
I
H
I
I
x
I
x
I
L
L
X
I
Number
of
Open
or
Workers
Exposure
Times
Physlcal
Form
Closed
System
Comments
I
I
I
I
I
1
HrslOay
OayaNear
<l
=
Low
dQ=
LOW
1­
4
=
Medium
50
­100
­
Medium
.4
=
High
~100
=
High
Llquld
~
Sdkl
Aemd
Vapor
Open
ClOMd
Mix
Preparation
Bulk
Metering
Die
X
X
2
2
M
M
H
H
x
x.
x
x
X
X
Application
CO­
ADD
2
L
L
x
x
X
PIunUUV
CP­
7
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
2
I
i
.i
X'
I
~~
.
Foam
I
x
I
x
I
I
Spray
iulvt
"I
I
Al!
I
I
I
I
I
I
v
I
v
I
v
I
"

`2
X
Pflmafiiy
CPd
x
x
x
0
Seaming
&
01
Salvaae
I
ZI
Shearina
I
164
Shearinn
Waste
I
X
I
2
I
H
I
H
I
I
x
I
X
tIMdUng
Finiahed
oooda
.
I
2
I
H
i­
i
1
x
1
I
X
XI
x
I
2
L
H
1x1
.I
X
EWWU~*
bCldFlOur
­­­­
r­­­
e­­­
­

Roll­
up
X
4
H
H
X
X
Fiber
Processiho
I
I­
I
I
I
e
Application
X
3Q+
H
H
x
.
.X
0llrdtht~~
1n~
fchsph~
1kh
Drawing
&
Texturiting
x
x
x
2
H
l­
l
X
x
x
Poulblr
V&
M
llddwb
­Spin,
Twist,
&
Set
X
X
X
1
H
H
X
X
fb­­
runo
Shipping
Fiber
X
2
`H
H
X.
X
HrndYnOFldbWOCW
r
1
Number
of
Open
or
Iosed
System
Comments
Open
Closed
Typ
Boint
of
Contact
1
iure
Workers
t­
af
Exp
Dermal
Exoosure
Times
`hysk
Solid
X
X
x
X
X
X
x
X
I
Form
I
C
Days/
Year
40
=
Low
50
­100
=
Medium
~100
=
HlPh
HrslDay
4
=
Low
14
=
Medium
>4
5
Hlgh
Liquid
X
2
z
3
25+
25+
H
H
Jnwrapping
Rolls
X
X
Poaiblr
Vdolllkod
fW!
duala
X
Exposure
lo
Cut
Flbm
X
7
X
H
H
H
H
I
X
2
t­
2
H
H
X
X
X
X
Poslble
VdaWed
flesklwL
H
H
X
l­
2
~
2
,H
H
H
H
H
X
Carpet
Cleaning
M
I=
H
/
X
Landfill
1
.'

­
­.
.
..­_._....
­­­_._­
._­.__
­.­
l­.
r
­­­­.­­.
L
Product
Flow
Diagrams
These
diagrams
show
the
places
that
3M
fluorochemicals
are
introduced
and
lost
in
the
life
cycle
of
a
csrpet.
Each
application
method
is
broken
out
seqara~
ely
in
order
to
show
greater
detail.
This
i&
ormation
is
based
on
3M
intemal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
tiorochemical
produds.
Ii&
mation
was
compiled
ftom
available
3M
sources
in&
ding
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
=P@
i=­
Prod
UCt
HOW
Diagram
*Fiber
with
3M
Fiber
b
Treatments
I,,
f
4
*SPW
*Foam
I
t
More
detail
on
the
application
boxes
can
be
bund
on
the
foflowing
pages.

I
Disposal
sharing
and
Trimming
b
Fiber
Treatments
.
.
­.

CP­
1,
CP­
2,
CP­
3,
cP4
n
Dilution
Ratio:
T
r
I
I
,

I
..­m
..

Non­
FC
Chemicals
In
Bath:
Spin
Finish
Oil
Amount
of
use:
_
FC
fiber
trgtments
for
carpet
Exposure
Routes:

­1
43
.

000045
i'­
Smw
Amktion
Dilution
Ratio:

Non­
FC
Chemicals
In
Bath:

Amount
of
use:

Exposure
Routes:
Product
:

None
carpet
treatments
Ingestion,
Dexmd,
Inhaiation
44
000046
:I_
Foam
AWication
d
­:
`­.
t
­
<.

.*.

A
CP­
3,
CP­
6,
CP­
7
l
.
b
­
­
.
_
.
$
t
Dilution
Ratio:
Product
:
Bath
Non­
FC
Chemicals
In
Bath:
Foaming
Agent
Amount
of
use:

Exposure
Routes:
DennaI
FC
carpet
Geatments
45
000047
*­­­`­
.*.

Co­
Amdication
4
?

_
­

cP­
6,
CP­
7
­
.
.
.
)F
Dilution
Ratio:

Non­
FC
Chemicals
InBath:

Amount
of
use:

Exposure
Routes:
.
.

Product
:
Bath
FC
carpet
treatments
Dermal
000048
46
.

Product:
Bath
­
Waste
Dis~
osd*

l
Toti
carpet
mill
solid
waste
is
approximately
60,000,
OOO
IbsJye~

l
This
waste
includes
shearing
selvedges,
and
backed
seamcuts.

l
This
equals
about
1
to
1.5
MM
f??
of
waste
per
year.

l
l
0
l
0
l
Unbacked
seamcuts
are
typically
recycied
into
carpet
tmderlayzctti
Some
shearing
waste
is
being
landfilled
separately
so
that
it
can
be
recovered
if
a
use
is
found
for
it.

The
fluorochemical
portion
of
shearing
waste
is
as
foUows:

l
Fiber
Treatments
(CP­
3KP­
4)

l
Approximately
lbs.
of
soIids
in
slularhg
was&

l
Topical
Treatments
(mainly
CP­
6)

l
ApproximateIy
tbs.
of
solids
in
shearing
waste
l
Switching
fkom
sp*&
ing
and
foaming
to
co­
application
would
reduce
this
amount
by
up
to
_
because
the
treatment
is
evenly
distributed
on
the
fiber.

When
carpet
is
cleaned,
the
wastewater
wilI
contain
OEM
fluorochemicai.

The
majority
of
the
wastewater
treatment
burden
lies
on
the
lo&
utilities.
.

When
a
typical
residential
carpet
is
thrown
away,
it
contains
*
These
numbers
were
generated
internaIry
based
on
customer
.
information.
These
numbers
are
intended
to
be
used
as
estimates
until
they
can
be
confirmed
by
the
industry.

47
000049
End
User
Information
.*
:.

Typical
Use
l
The
average
resider&
I
carpet
sees
15,000
foot
trafb
per
year.

l
Carpetsarevacuumedevezy1to2weeksonaverage.

l
Carpets
are
profession&
y
cleaned
every
3
years.

l
Factors
contributing
to
removak
l
Temperature
of
the
cleaning
solution
l
The
pH
of
the
cleaning
solution
l
The
type
of
sufktants
that
are
used
Lifetime
of
Residential
Carpet
l
Residential
carpet
is
in
a
home
for
an
average
of
12
years.

A
graph
representing
the
removal
of
OEM
treatments
can
be
found
OLB
the
next
page.

48
000050
­_
QOOO51
49
Protective
Chemical
Products
Home
Textiles
Business
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution,
and
Release
Overview
l
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
l
Nonwovens
50
Foreword
This
report
is
a
comprehensive
look
at
exposure
to
3M's
fluorochemicals
in
the
Home
Textiles
and
Nonwoven
business.
It
attempts
to
answer
the
following
questions.

l
What
products
are
customers
exposed
to?

l
Where
does
exposure
happen?

l
What
type
of
exposure
is
it?

The
3M
fluorochemical
business
is
complex
and
global.
Markets
served
are
highly
fragmented
involving
multiple
3M
products
that
are
applied
to
multiple
substrates,
sold
into
multiple
market
segments
and
used
for
multiple
end
products.

Sources
of
Information
For
This
Report
Information
for
this
report
was
developed
solely
from
internal
3M
sources.
These
include:

w
Knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
from
field
sales
and
technical
personnel.

n
Best
estimates
of
end­
use
applications
from
lmown
customer
activities.

n
Internal
sales
reports
9
Knowledge
of
worldwide
activities
(where
applicable)
by
St.
Paul
based
personnel.

.
How
To
Read
This
Report
The
following
types
of
information
are
available
in
this
report:

Situation
Analysis:
Provides
background
on
business
and
products.

Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact:
Follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
throughout
the
distribution
chain
to
final
end
user.
Objective
is
to
identify
all
points
of
contact
with
our
chemicals
­
from
arrival
on
customer's
loading
dock
through
product
usage
and
disposal
Exposure
Information
Charts:
Attempts
to
quantify
type
and
length
of
exposure
and
number
of
workers
exposed
to
our
chemicals
within
the
distribution
chain.

Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns:
Combines
3M
product
detail
with
the
exposure
routes
to
provide
a
summary
of
total
business
exposure
by
product
type.

57
000053
Home
Textiles
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution
and
Release
Overview
Table
of
Contents
I.
Chemical
Names
II.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
3.
Application
Methods
4.
Customer
Location
Maps
B.
Nonwovens
A.
Business
Definition
B.
Products,
Markets,
and
Application
C.
Customer
Location
Map
III.
Exposure
Assessment
A.
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Waste
Stream/
Recycle
Characterization
5.
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
B.
Nonwovens
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
52
000054
Chemical
Names
The
following
is
a
list
of
Chemical
Abstract
Services
(CAS)
names
and
numbers
for
individual
products.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Generic
Code:
Indicates
an
internal
3M
designation
of
the
product(
s).

CAS
Number:
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
number(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
names
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist):
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
name(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Class:
Indicates
a
shortened,
generic
chemical
name.

53
000055
Chemical
Names
.

Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
HT­
1
HT­
1,
HT­
2,
Home
Textiles
1
HT­
3,
HT­
7
1
I
1
HT­
7,
HT­
8
1
I
I
Chemical
Names
,

Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
HT­
3,
HT­
7,
HT­
8,
HT­
9
HT­
5
HT­
6
HT­
8
HT­
9
HT­
9
HT­
9
HT­
IO
wemical
Names
Generic
Code
CAS
Number
t%
Hlka~
Name
(complt#
e
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
IiCAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
Nonwovens
NW­
l
NW­
2
NW­
2
NW­
3
NW­
4
II.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
Business
Definition
Home
Furnishings
­
This
segment
is
comprised
of
OEM
customers
(textiles
mills
and
commission
fishers)
sharing
a
common
need
for
protective
treatments
which
impart
soil
and
stain
resistance
and/
or
cleanability
properties
to
upholstery
fabric
and
other
textile
substrates
used
primarily
in
residential
furniture.
3M
protective
chemicals
are
sold
direct
to
the
customer.

Home
Fashions
­
This
segment
is
comprised
of
OEM
customers
(primarily
textile
mills)
sharing
a
common
need
for
protective
treatments
which
impart
soil
and
stain
resistance
or
stain
release
to
fabrics
used
in
home
decor
items
such
as
window
treatments,
fabric
wallcoverings,
decorative
pillows,
slipcovers,
bedspreads
and
comforters,
mattress
pads,
shower
curtains,
and
table
linens.
Some
of
these
items
can
be
laundered;
others
require
professional
cleaning.

Specification
by
US
manufacturing
companies
drives
OUS
sales
in
this
category.

Automotive
­
This
market
is
comprised
of
OEM
customers
(textile
and
carpet
mills)
who
provide
protective
treatments
on
upholstery
fabrics,
carpet
and
other
textiles
(headliners)
used
in
automobile,
truck,
and
van
interiors.
U.
S.
Product
Portfolio
­
Total
FC
Volumes
This
chart
outlines
the
products
used
in
the
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
and
Automotive
markets
in
the
U.
S.
The
following
information
is
provided
for
each
product:
The
total
fluorochemical
pounds
of
each
sold
in
the
U.
S.
in
1997,
and
the
chemical
components
that
make
up
the
product.

58
000060
U.
S.
Product
Portfolio
­
Total
FC
Volumes
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
1997
Product
Pounds
(000)
Chemistry
HT­
4
HT­
1
HT­
6
Total
Chemical
.

59
U.
S.
Product
Portfolio
by
Market
This
chart
groups
the
products
used
in
the
business
by
market
segment,
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
and
Automotive,
and
provides
fluorochemical
volumes
sold
both
by
product
and
market
segment.
U.
S.
Product
Portfolio
by
Market
Product
1997
FC
Lbs.
0
HT­
8
I
Total
Home
Furnishings
Home
Fashions
.
HT­
3
Total
Home
Fashions
I
Automotive
HT­
1
HT­
6
Total
Automotive
I
61
000063
Application
Methods
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
and
Automotive
The
following
chart
presents
the
methods
of
applying
fluorochemical
in
these
market
segments.
The
percentages
represent
the
mix
of
these
methods
based
on
fluorochemical
volumes
used.

62
000064
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
Application
Methods
Key
Customers
1997/
1998
Customer
Location
Map
The
following
U.
S.
map
identifies
the
location
of
all
chemical
purchasing
customers
in
the
Home
Furnishings,
Horrie
Fashions,
and
Automotive
market
segments.
In
each
case,
the
chemical
is
applied
in
the
city
indicated.

64
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

000068
66
Distribution
Chain
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions
and
Automotive
`I
Textile
Mill/
Finisher
+

Fabric
Retailer
v
Consumer
Manufacturer
`It
Retailer
j
Consumer
j
*

Converter
v
1
Cut
and
Sew
67
000069
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
startiug
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
f?
om
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

000070
68
­­
.
.
­
Points
of
Contact
at
Textile
MU
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions
and
Automotive
QC
Lab
Formulation
and
Development
Work
Loading
Dock
Inventory
1
I
Mix/
Drug
Room
Application
Method
4
Pad
I
Foam
+
Open/
Closed
Spray
I
I
I
v
Inspection/
Piece
Wrap
(50
Yards)
I
I
Rework
(5%)

*

Inventory
(Fabric)
*
.Yif
69
000071
3M
Flnorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
tlow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Mbrmation
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

70
000072
:
FP
Exposure
Information
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions
and
Automotive
Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Open
or
Exposure
Number
of
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Closed
System
Comments
Workers
<I
hr/
day
for
+Odayslyear
=
Low
­
1­
4hrslday
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
100dWyr
=
Medium
>rlhrs/
day
for
L
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
>I
OOdays/
yr
=
High
Loading
Dock
(Spills)
X
l­
2
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
rate.

Inventory
1­
2
Low
X
X
Closed
system.
No
Mix/
Drug
Room
exposure.

weighing,
diluting
X
l­
3
Medium­
High
X
X
QC
Lab
X
I­
3
Low
X
X
Application
­
Pad,
Foam
X
2­
3
Medium­
High
X
X
Application
­
x
x
X
Spray
­
Open
2­
4
Medium­
High
X
x
x
x
Application
­
Spray
­
Closed
x
x
2­
4
Medium­
High
X
x
x
X
Spray
Tip
Cleaning
x
x
x
,l
Low
X
x
x
x
Drying
x
x
3­
6
High
x
x
X
Exposure
Information
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions
and­
Automotive
Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Exposure
Number
of
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Open
or
Workers
Wvlday
for
Closed
System
Comments
CbOdayslyear
=
Low
I­
4hrsIday
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermal
inhalation
(per
plant)
100dWyr
=
Medium
L
>4hrs/
day
for
[quid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
>lOOdayslyr
=
High
Mechanical
~~

Processing
(face
finishing,
x
x
l­
2
High
x
x
X
tiggering,
shearing)

Roll­
up
Inspection/
Piece
Wrap
QC
Lab
(Fabric)

nventory/
Loading
Dock
(Fabric)

Fabric
Distributor
Furniture
Manufacturer
Cutter
Seating
Manufacturer
X
l­
3
High
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.

X
1­
3
High
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.

X
2­
3
Medium
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.

I­
2
Low
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.

X
~6
Low
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.
Product
dried
on
X
25­
50
Medium­
High
X
X
fabric.

x
x
25­
50
Medium­
High
xj
x
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.

X
15­
40
Medium­
High
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.
Exposure
Information
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions
and.
Automotive
PaintofConBcl
.
..­
­.
,.
kely
Route
of
Estimated
Estimated
Exposure
Number
of
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Open
or
Comments
Workers
cl
hr/
day
for
Closed
System
I
I
­­­­­­­­
I
I
I
I
<50days/
year
=
Low
I
I
I
I
I
I
Automobile
Assembly
Mhrslday
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
~OOdaWr
=
Medium
>4hrs/
day
for
L'
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
>iOOdaysiyr
=
High
X
15­
40
Medium­
High
Product
dried
on
fabric.

Converter
X
15­
20
Low
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.

Cut
and
Sew
All
Retailers
and
Consumers
X
X
25­
50
Medium­
High
X
X
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric.
Product
dried
on
fabric.

.
III.
Exposure
Assessment
­
Home
Furnishings,
Home
Fashions,
Automotive
6.
Waste
Stream/
Recycle
Information
An
approximation
of
the
actual
disposition
of
the
chemical
after
it
arrives
at
a
customer
site
is
given
below.
No
exact
values
are
known.

Chemical
State
As
shipped
As
shipped
Dilute
mix
Dilute
mix
Dilute
mix
Dried
on
fabric
Dried
on
fabric
Dried
on
fabric
Dried
on
fabric
ble
Cause
for
Loss
.
.
easonable
Estimate
Residual
in
shipping
drums
Spills
Unused
pad/
foam
mix
Non­
recovered
spray
l
Coating
on
equipment
l
overspray
l
Vented
material
Start
up
and
shut
down
excess
Shearing
and
face
fishing
Unrecoverable,
off­
quality
fabric
Seam
cut­
outs
Quality/
SQC
samples
74
000076
00007'7
75
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M=
lOOO)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

76
000078
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
Home
Furnishing
Home
Fashions
ant
Aost
Likely
Route
o
4utomotive
T
Applicatior
Process
01
End
Use
Product
Code
Use
I
Envir
­andfil
Comments
Inges­

lion
Food
­vvErF
Water
Treat­
ment
Indust­
rial
Con­
sumar
Inhal­
ation
Incin­
eration
Comm­
ercial
lerma
HT­
3
X
X
X
Application
X
X
End
Use
X
X
X
HT­
3
HT­
7
<.

&f­
7
Applicatior
X
X
X
X
X
End
Use
X
X
X
X
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
Home
Furnishing
Home
Fashions
and
Lost
Likely
Route
of
I
posu
rutomotive
Esti­
bated
54
Resld­
uals
Volume
Sold
1997
(Ibs
product)
Application
Process
or
End
Use
t
t
Product
Cod9
:hemlslty
mental
Fate
Use
I
Indust­
rial
ttern
Zomm­
ercial
fnvirc
.andfill
Comments
on
Inhal­
ation
Water
Treat­
ment
X
Con­
sumer
Incln­
Inges­
tion
FOOd
Iermal
X
Application
Foam
or
pad
appplied.
HT­
4
X
X
t­
IT­
4
X
X
X
x
End
Use
Application
HT­
1
X
X
X
HT­
1
End
Use
X
X
X
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
u,......
C*."".
I­
L:­­^
U^....^
l­­­
l.:­­­
em.
4
A..,­­­*:..­

."I
"I
I
I
"

E&
i­
Application
Sold
1997
mated
%
Product
Process
or
(Ibs
Resid­
I
Most
Likely
Routf
Code
End
Use
product)
Chemistry
uals
Use
Pattern
Exoosure
1
Environmental
Fate
1
Comments
I
\Inl,,
mn
nu111f3
~~~
III~
IIIII~~.
nuiiit:
raslllulki
aiiu
~~~
UIIIUIIV~:

I
I
?
of
­­­
r­
m­­­
­­
.
.
.
.
­
.._­

waste
Water
lndust­
Comm­
Con­
Inhal­
Inges­
Incin­
Treat­
FOOd
rial
erclal
sumer
Dermal
alion
tion
Landfill
eration
ment
HT­
2
Application
X
X
X
HT­
2
End
Use
HT­
5
Application
HT­
5
End
Use
x
x
x
x
X
x
x
x
X
Spray
applied
x
x
x
x
.
`_
_I
:I
*
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
Home
Furnishinas,
Home
Fashions
and
Automotive
Volume
ESU­
Application
Sold
1997
mated
%
Product
Process
or
(Ibs
Rasld­
Most
Likely
Route
of
Code
End
Use
product)
Chemistry
uals
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
Waste
Water
Indust­
Comm­
Con­
Inhal­
Inges­
Incin­
Treat­

FOod
rial
ercial
sumer
Dixmal
ation
ti0ll
Landfill
eration
merit
HT­
6
Application
X
X
X
HT­
6
End
Use
x
x
x
x
x
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
­

I
I
dome
Wrnishinas.
Home
Fashions
and
Automotive
Most
Likely
Route
of
End
Use
p&
duct)
Chemistry
uals
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
waste
HT­
8
lndust­
Comm­
Water
Con­
Inhal­
Food
rtal
Inges­
Incin­
Treat­
ercial
6~~
3
Dermal
ation
tion
Landfill
eration
mant
X
X
X
Foam
applied.

HT­
8
x
x
x
x
HT­
IO
HT­
10
1
x
x
x­
x
x
x
x
x
I
I
II.
Situation
Analysis
B.
Nonwovens
Business
Definition
Nonwovens
­
This
market
is
comprised
of
OEM
customers
(nonwoven
plants,
finishers)
sharing
a
conmron
need
for
oil
and
water
resistance.
Additionally,
master
batch
producers
process
our
polymer
melt
product
into
a
form
that
is
more
readily
handled
by
extrusion
processes
at
selected
nonwoven
mills.
The
fabrics
produced
are
used
as
medical
fabrics
(surgical
gowns,
drapes
and
wraps)
as
well
as
industrial
materials,
primarily
filter
media.
3M
protective
chemicals
are
sold
direct
to
the
customer.

.

82
000084
Key
Products
­
Nonwovens
This
chart
outlines
the
products
used
in
the
Nonwovens
market
in
the
U.
S.
Included
in
the
chart
of
the
total
fluorochemical
volumes
sold
to
each
of
nine
key
customers,
the
application
method
these
customers
used
to
apply
the
chemical,
and
intended
end
use
of
the
treated
goods.

83
000085
Key
Products
Nonwovens
NW­
3
I
NW­
2
NW­
3
NW­
4
NW­
4
NW­
3
NW­
4
NW­
4
Application
End
Use
Pad
Medical
Fabric
Pad
Filter
Media
Pad
Disposable
Workwear
Pad
Filter
Media
Extrusion
Compound
Extrusion
Medical
Fabrics
Pad
Extrusion
Extrusion
Medical
Fabrics
Concentrate
Outdoor
Furniture
84
Customer
Location
Map
The
following
U.
S.
map
identifies
the
location
of
all
chemical
purchasing
customers
in
the
Nonwovens
market
segment.
In
each
case,
the
chemical
is
applied
in
the
city
indicated.

000087
85
86
000088
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

87
000089
.
Nonwovens
Distribution
Chain
3M
5­
v
I
t
Topical
Nonwovens:
Mill/
Finisher
Cut
4%
Sew
(Medical)

Packaging
Sterilization
Hospital
1­
i'
Waste/
Incineration
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

000091
89
Points
of
Contact
­
Mill
Topical
Nonwovens
Loading
Dock
*

QC
Lab
Formulation
Development
,­
Wor
.
Pad
Application
t
I
Dryer
Mechanical
Processing
Micrex,
Softening
+

Lamination
I
I
Inspection/
Piece
Wrap
I
Rework
(5%)

+

Inventory
(Fabric)

Loading
Dock
(Fabric)

90
OOOQ92
i
.
Points
of
Contact
­
Masterbatch
Producer
Nonwovens
PMA
Loading
Dock
Line
Feed/
Drum
to
Hopper
ExtruderMrands
Chop
f
ship
to
Nonwovens
Producer
91
000093
Points
of
Contact
­
Extruder
Nonwovens
PMA
Loading
Dock
I
I
I
I
Container
to
Hopper
Air/
Vacuum
Fed
Hopper
to
Extruder
Fiber
Draw
Collection
I
I
Thermal
Bond
I
1
Lamination
Inventory
(Fabric)

Loading
Dock
(Fabric)

92
000094
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defmed
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products,
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

000095
a?
I
II
Lamination
nspection/
Piece
Wrap
nventorylloading
Dock
(Fabric)
Point
of
Contact
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Dermal
Loading
Dock
(Spills)
X
Inventory
QC
Lab
QC
Lab
X
X
Pad
ADoIication
Pad
Application
X
X
Drying
Drying
Mechanical
Mechanical
Processing
Processing
x
(Micrex,
(Micrex,
softening)
softening)

Roll­
up
Roll­
up
X
X
T
Estimated
Number
of
Workers
(per
plant)

I
1­
2
X
l­
2
­c
1­
3
X
1
2­
3
I
I
I
2­
3
Low
7­
Exposure
Information
Nonwovens
­

I
I
1
I
Ooen
nr
I
Estimated
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
­I­­..
­.

cl
hrlday
for
Closed
System
c5Qdayslyear
=
Low
1­
4hrs/
day
for
50­
1
OOdays/
yr
=
Medium
>4hrslday
for
L*
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
>lOOdays/
yr
=
High
Mill
­
Pad
Application
Comments
Low
Low
X
x
X
Low
incidence
rate.

X
Closed
system
m.
No
I
I
exposure.
Low
X
X
Medium­
High
X
X
High
X
X
Medium
I
lXIXl
lx1
I
Hinh
1
Ix1
1
Ix1
IProductdriedonI
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
rabnc.
I
I
n.
.*
a*
I
Medium
1
1x1
I
1
x
1
1
rroauct
ortea
on
1
I
I
Exposure
Information
Nonwovens
,

Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Estimated
Open
or
Exposure
`$
nerif
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Closed
System
Comments
<I
hrlday
for
K50dayslyear
=
Low
l­
llhrslday
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
10~
aWr
=
Medium
>4hrs/
day
for
L'
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
>lOOdays/
yr
=
High
Loading
Dock
(Spills)
X
Inventory
Line
Feed/
Drum
x
x
to
Hopper
Zxtruder/
Strands
X
Water
Cool
Chop
X
Drum
x
x
Ship
to
Nonwovens
X
Producer
Masterbatch
Producer
1­
2
Low
X
X
Product
is
flake.

2­
3
.
Low
X
X
Product
is
flake.
Product
is
flake,
2­
3
Medium
X
X
potential
for
dust.
2­
3
Medium
X
x
x
2­
3
Medium
X
X
2­
3
Medium
X
X
2­
3
Medium
X
X
X
X
j:

J
Exposure
information
Nonwovens
,

Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Exposure
Number
Of
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Open
or
Workers
<Ihr/
day
for
Closed
System
Comments
60dayslyear
=
Low
Mhrs/
day
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermai
Inhalation
(per
plant)
100daWr
=
Medium
L'
>rlhrs/
day
for
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
MOOdayslyr
=
High
Extruder
Loading
Dock
(Spills)
Inventory
Container
to
Hopper
Hopper
to
Extruder
Fiber
Draw
Collection
Thermal
Bond
Roll­
up
(Fabric)
Lamination
QC
Lab
(Fabric)
X
2­
3
Low
1­
2
Low
l­
2
Medium
1­
2
Medium
X
2­
3
Medium
X
2­
3
Medium
X
2­
3
Medium
X
X
2­
3
Medium
x
1
2­
3
Low
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Exposure
Information
Nonwovens
Estimated
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Number
of
Workers
Exposure
Time
cl
hr/
dav
for
1
Ingestion
Dermal
lnhalalion
(per
plant)
lmdays'yr
=
Medium
1
1
1
1
H;:;:;:~
igh
Liquid
X
2­
3
Low
Downstream
Proces
ng
01
Roll
Goods
x
x
3­
5
Low
X
X
Product
dried
on
nonwoven.
Product
dried
on
or
x
x
15­
20
High
X
X
incorporated
into
nonwoven.
Physical
Form
Open
or
Closed
System
Comments
Open
Closed
nventory/
Loading
Dock
(Fabric)

bsembly
(Filters)

Cut
and
Sew
(Medical)

Packaging
Sterilization
All
End
Users
X
X
3­
5
High
X
X
X
X
Product
dried
on
or
incorporated
into
nonwoven.
Product
dried
on
or
incorporated
into
nonwoven.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
def@
itions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M=
looO)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
`X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
Nonwovens
Volume
ES&
Application
Sold
1997
mated
%
Product
Process
or
(lbs
Resid­
Most
Likely
Route
of
Code
End
Use
product)
Chemistry
uals
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
waste
Waler
Indust­
Com­
Con­
Inhal­
hFJs­
Incin­
Treat­
Food
rial
mercial
sumer
Dermal
alion
lion
Landfill
eralion
ment
NW­
1
Appk.
ation
X
X
X
NW­
l
End
Use
X
.x
x
x
x
NW­
3
Application
X
X
X
Pad
applied
NW­
3
End
Use
X
X
x
x
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
Nonwovens
0'
0
Volume
Application
Sold
1997
%oduct
Process
or
(Ibs
ES%

matad
O/
O
Resid­
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
­
te
of
MOSt
Likely
KOUl
Code
End
Use
product)
Chamislty
uals
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
waste
Water
Indust­
Com­
Con­
Inhal­
Inges­
Incin­
Treat­
FOOd
rial
mercial
sumer
Dermal
ation
lion
Landfill
eration
ment
NW­
2
Application
X
X
X
Pad
applied
NW­
2
End
Use
x
x
x
x
x
NW­
4
Application
X
x
x
x
x
x
NW­
4
End
Use
x
x
x
x
x
Protective
Chemical
Products
Apparel
and
Leather
Business
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution,
and
Release
Overview
Foreword
Confidential
Business
Information
This
report
is
a
comprehensive
look
at
exposure
to
3M's
fluorochemicals
in
the
Apparel
and
Leather
business.
It
attempts
to
answer
the
following
questions.

l
What
products
are
customers
exposed
to?

l
Where
does
exposure
happen?

l
What
type
of
exposure
is
it?

The
3M
fluorochemical
business
is
complex
and
global.
Markets
served
are
highly
fragmented
involving
multiple
3M
products
that
are
applied
to
multiple
substrates,
sold
into
multiple
market
segments
and
used
for
multiple
end
products.

This
report
includes
global
information
based
largely
on
the
knowledge
of
worldwide
activities
by
St.
Paul­
based
personnel.

Sources
of
Information
For
This
Report
Information
for
this
report
was
developed
solely
from
internal
3M
sources.
These
include:

l
Knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
from
field
sales
and
technical
personnel
l
Best
estimates
of
end­
use
applications
from
known
customer
activities.

l
Internal
sales
reports
showing
regional
sales
breakdowns
for
apparel
and
leather
products.

How
To
Read
This
Report
The
following
types
of
information
are
available
in
this
report:

Situation
Analysis:
Provides
background
on
business
and
products.
Helpful
to
understand
Apparel
and
Leather
customer
base,
global
scope
and
diversity
of
markets.

Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact:
Follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
throughout
the
distribution
chain
to
final
end
user.
Objective
is
to
identify
all
points
of
contact
with
our
chemicals
­
from
arrival
on
customer's
loading
dock
Exposure
Information
Charts:
Attempts
to
quantify
type
and
length
of
exposure
and
number
of
workers
exposed
to
our
chemicals
within
the
distribution
chain.

Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns:
Combines
3M
product
detail
with
the
exposure
routes
to
provide
a
summary
of
total
business
exposure
by
product
type.
*
,
**

oooi04
102
Apparel
and
Leather
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution
And
Release
Overview
Table
of
Contents
I.
Chemical
Names
II.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Business
Definition
B.
Global
Polymers
C.
Key
Markets
and
End
Uses
D.
Application
Methods
E.
Customer
Location
Maps
III.
Exposure
Information
­
Apparel
A..
Distribution
Chain
B.
Points
of
Contact
C.
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
D.
Waste
Stream/
Recycle
Characterization
E.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
IV.
Exposure
Information
­
Leather
A.
Distribution
Chain
B.
Points
of
Contact
C.
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
D.
Waste
Stream/
Recycle
Characterization
E.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Chemical
Names
The
following
is
a
list
of
Chemical
Abstract
Services
(CAS)
names
and
numbers
for
individual
products.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Generic
Code:
Indicates
an
internal
3M
designation
of
the
product(
s).

CAS
Number:
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
number(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
names
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist):
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
name(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Class:
Indicates
a
shortened,
generic
chemical
name.

000106
104
Chemical
Names
.

Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
GAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
If
GAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
Apparel
AP­
1
,
AP­
5
AP­
1
,
AP­
5
AP­
1
,
AP­
5
AP­
2
AP­
3
AP­
3
AP­
3
AP­
4,
AP­
5
Chemical
Names
I
Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
AP­
6
AP­
7
AP­
6
AP­
9
Leather
FO­
1
FO­
2,
FO­
3,
FO­
4
FO­
5,
LE­
3
FO­
6
FO­
7
FO­
7
Chemical
Names
.

Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
FO­
7
FO­
7
FO­
7
FO­
8
LE­
1
LE­
2
LE­
4
.
Apparel
and
Leather
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution,
and
Release
Overview
II.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Business
Detition
Sale
of
fluorochernicals
for
application
on
fabrics
and
leather
used
to
manufacture
garments,
footwear,
accessories
and
other
non­
garment
functional
fabrics.

Direct
Customers:

.
l
.
.
.
.
.

extlle
MrllsKorrurusslon
Flnlshers
that
use
fluorochemicals
to
provide
oil
and
water
repellency
to
enhance
the
functional
performance
of
the
fabric
produced.

.
m
.
.
Tannenes/
Fmlshers
that
use
fluorochemicals
to
enhance
functional
petiormance
as
above
and/
or
serve
as
a
processing
aid
in
the
conversion
of
raw
leather.

8
cal
Formulators
that
use
fluorochemicals
as
ingredients
for
the
textile
and
leather
care,
dry
clean
and
fatliquor
industries.

m
.
.
al
Da
that
resell
products
to
end
users
and
may
do
quality
testing
repackaging
and/
or
lab
tech
service
work.

Global
Business
Sjze:

108
000i10
Global
Polymers
This
chart
outlines
the
nine
polymers
used
in
the
Apparel
and
Leather
Markets
product
portfolio
which
features
19
different
products.
The
polymers
are
divided
into
major
product
categories:
Repellent,
Stain
Release,
Leather
and
Formulators.

The
following
information
is
provided
for
each
polymer:
the
chemical
components
that
make
up
the
polymer,
and
the
total
fluorochemical
pounds
sold
in
1997
for
each.
Volume
information
is
provided
relative
to
the
other
polymers
in
the
product
category,
and
relative
to
the
total
pounds
sold
in
the
Apparel
and
Leather
Markets.
The
geographic
breakout,
US
vs.
outside
the
US
is
also
provided.
Global
Polymers
W­
JO)

Chemistry
Sub­
Total:
Polymers
AP­
1
AP­
4
AI'­
9
Al'­
7
AI'­
6
Al'­
5
AP­
8
AP­
2
LE­
4
LE­
2
LE­
1
LE­
3
Sub­
Total:

Sub­
Total:
m­­*­
m
FO­
8
FO­
4,
FO­
7
FO­
6
FO­
7
FO­
5
FO­
1
FO­
2
FO­
3
1
utm
I
I
I
I
I
000113
­
121
C.
Major
Markets
and
End
Uses
This
chart
provides
detail
about
the
major
markets
that
each
of
the
four
Apparel
and
Leather
product
lines
goes
to.
This
includes
typical
end
uses
and
the
major
substrate
types
where
3M
fluorochemicals
are
used.
Information
about
relative
size
of
the
3M
product
lines
is
also
shown.

This
information
was
developed
using
the
market
knowledge
of
3M
employees
involved
with
these
products.

112
00011L4
0
.d
Apparel
and
Leather
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution,
and
Release
Overview
Major
Markets
and
End
Uses
Product
1
Estimated
Volume
Line
I
Market
outerwear
activewear
dress
clothing
uniforms
technical
textiles
other
uniforms
workwear
casual
clothing
dress
clothing
footwear
garment
accessories
upholstery
textile
&
leather
care
dry
cleaners
fatliquor
supplies
End
Use
raincoats
skiwear,
golfwear
suits,
slacks
jackets,
slacks
awnings,
boat
covers,
protective
clothing
tents,
backpacks,
etc.
shirts,
pants,
jackets
shirts,
pants
shirts,
pants
shirts
shoes,
boots
leather
jackets,
gloves,
handbags,
etc.
chairs,
sofas,
etc.
aerosols,
shoe
creams,
polishes
rainwear/
outerwear
waterproof
leather
Typical
Substrate
poly
/
cotton
polyester,
nylon
wool,
p01y/
w001
wool,
poly/
wool
acrylics,
poly/
cottons,
other
nylon,
polyester,
other
cotton,
poly/
cotton
cotton,
polylcotton
cotton,
poly/
cotton
cotton,
poly/
cotton
pigskin,
bovine
pigskin,
bovine,
sheep,
goat
bovine,
deer
sheep
D.
Application
Methods
­
Apparel
Fabrics
The
following
chart
presents
the
methods
of
applying
fluorochemical
in
this
market
segment.
The
percentages
represent
the
mix
of
these
methods
based
on
fluorochemical
volumes
used.
s
D.
Application
Methods
­
Leather
Tanneries
The
following
chart
presents
the
methods
of
applying
fluorochemical
in
tbis
market
segment.
The
percentages
represent
the
mix
of
these
methods
based
on
fluorochemical
volumes
used.

OOOli8
116
117
­

000119
­.

,
.

118
000120
119
000121
120
000122
III.
Exposure
Information
­
Apparel
A.
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
lcnowledge
of
the
marketplace.
Distribution
Chain
Apparel
3M
Mill
Mfg
Retail
+
Consumer
+
Dry
Cleaner
0
0
A
4
E
PC
w
.­.;
r
+
Formulator
B.
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

­
`*
124
000126
­
.­._._
I_.­
Points
of
Contact
at
Textile
IMill
Apparel
Loading
Dock
MidDrug
Room
I
bP@
+HoldingArca_,
Returned
cteaning
to
3M
Production
Line
­­+
I
I
I
+

Pad
I
I
*
+

Foam
coating
I
I
Tenter
Frame
Dryer
I
*

I
Mechanical
Processing
Napping,
Calendering
etc.

4
Roll
Sizing
J
(Fabric
Scraps)
I
1
r
1
Finishing
1
Points
of
Contact
at
Manufacture
­
­
Apparel
Post
cuing
`r
+

Pressing/
Steaming
4
I
126
Points
of
Contact
at
Dry
Cieaner
Apparel
Dry
Cleaner
I
jMil/
.

I
Spray
Application/
Dry
in
Closed
system
I
Dry
Clothing
Pressed
or
Steamed
127
Cb
000129
­
000130
i
:'
128
C.
3M
F'luorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
`XI".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure..

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochernical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

*.
B
oool.
31
129
Exposure
Information
Apparel
Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Exposure
T
Number
of
Workers
Estimated
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
I
4
hrlday
for
1
<50days/
year
=
Low
1­
4hrslday
for
50­
I
Open
or
Closed
System
Comments
Point
of
Contact
_

I
Product
dried
on
yarr
Product
dried
on
yarr
Product
dried
on
yarr
X
Product
dried
on
yarr
x
x
lOOdays/
yr
=
Medium
Liquid
Solid
(
>la>
o4d;:;
t%,
gh
1
Textile
Mill
InQestlon
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)

I
I
I
XI
I
1
X
1
X
X
1­
2
1­
2
Low
incidence
Rate.

1
III
x
x
I
I
1­
3
I
I
1
per
x
x
machine
2
at
oven
X
l­
3
x
x
1­
3
1
per
x
x
machine
2
at
oven
X
1­
2
X
1­
2
x
x
1­
3
X
I
I
1­
2
Formulation
&
Development
Work
Low
X
Closed
system
X
no/
very
little
potentia
exposure.
X
Low
X
High
X
­I­­
High
X
I
Exhaustion
on
Yarn
I
~~
Knitting
High
I
'
X
I
I
Finishing
High
I
I
High
I
Exposure
Information
Apparel
Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Exposure
Number
of
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Open
or
Comments
Workers
cl
hrlday
for
Closed
System
c50dayslyear
=
Low
Whrslday
for
50­

hgeEtiOn
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
loodays'yr
=
Medium
>4hrslday
for
L'
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
MOOdaysIyr
=
Hlgh
Mechanical
Finishing
(napping,
calandering
etc.)
2
per
x
x
machine
How
many
High
x
x
X
machines?

Roll
Sizing
X
1
per
machine
High
X
X
QC
Lab
(Fabric)
X
l­
2
Low
X
X
Inventory
(Fabric)
1
Low
X
X
Loading
Dock
(Fabric)
1
Low
X
X
Garment
Manufacture
­
Pretreated
Create
Garment
X
>25
High
x
x
X
Post
Curing
l­
3
Low
X
x
x
Pressing/
Steaming
x
x
>25
Low
X
x
x
Packaging
and
Shipping
X
3­
5
Low
X
X
s
I
I
Exposure
Information
Apparel
.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Estimated
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Number
of
Exposure
Time
Physical
Form
Open
or
Exposure
Closed
System
Comments
Workers
<l
hrlday
for
<50days/
year
=
Low
Mhrsiday
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
`OWaWr
=
Medium
>lhrslday
for
L'
squid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
>I
OOdays/
yr
=
High
Dry
Cleaners
Mix
X
l­
2
Medium
X
X
spray
Application
No/
very
little
potential
Closed
1­
2
Medium
X
X
X
exposure
­
closed
Pressing/
system.

Steaming
of
Dry
x
x
l­
2
Medium
X
x
x
Clothing
Consumer
Consumer
X
X
X
Product
dried
on
fabric
I
0
0
D.
Waste
Stream/
Recycle
Information
­
Apparel
An
approximation
of
the
actual
disposition
of
the
chemical
after
it
arrives
at
a
customer
site
is
given
below.
No
exact
values
are
known.

Waste
chemical
in
liquid
form
as
received
that
ends
up
in
the
sewer:
Apparel
e.
g.
Product
adhering
to
inside
of
drum
Spills
Unused
application
mix
Miscellaneous
Percent
of
chemical
poundage
sold
that
ends
up
on
waste
yardage
of
fabric/
leather:

e.
g.
Second
quality
fabric/
leather
Color
samples
Lab
samples
Cutting
scraps
that
are
recycled
or
landf2led
Total
percent
of
chemical
poundage
sold
that
ends
up
as
waste
or
on
waste
goods:

000135
133
­
­
E.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M=
lOOO)

Chemistxy:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochernical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

134
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.

ADDare
Volume
ES&

Application
Sold
1997
mated
%
Product
Process
or
(Ibs
fluoro­
Resid­
Most
Likely
Route
of
Code
End
Use
chemical)
Chemlslty
uals
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
AP­
8
Application
X
X
x
x
Pad
applied
AP­
8
End
Use
x
x
x
x
x
x
AP­
1
Application
X
X
x
x
Pad
applied
AP­
1
End
Use
c
m
x
x
x
x
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
_
Aware1
dost
Likely
Route
o
ExDosure
T­
T
f
EsU­
lated
91
Reskl­
uals
Volume
Sold
1997
Ibs
fluoro
chemlcal1
4ppllcation
Jrocess
or
End
Use
Product
Code
I
AP­
2
AP­
2
G
ul
c
C
C
FO­
2
FO­
2
lttern
Environmental
Fate
Comments
Pad
applied
4ppllcation
X
X
X
X
End
Use
X
X
X
X
X
4ppliCaUOfl
End
Us
x
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.

ADDare!

nest
Likely
Route
01
r
h
l­
Volume
Sold
1997
:Ibs
fluoro­
chemical)
Esti­
Wed
%
Resid­
uals
Product
Code
.
3roc8ss
or
End
Use
Use
I
X
I
X
X
ttern
ironer
ltal
F
X
Chemistry
Comments
posui
.e
4pplication
Pad
applied
AP­
3
AP­
3
EnU
Use
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
X
AP­
4
AP­
4
AP­
5
Ap­
5
4ppllcatlon
End
Use
4pplication
End
Use
X
X
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
_

lost
Likely
Route
of
EsU­

ated
%
Volume
iold
1997
bs
fluor@
hhemical)
4ppllcaUon
?roc8ss
or
End
Use
`roduct
Code
Use
Pattern
~
ltal
F;

X
Comments
pow
ronm
4P­
6
4pplicaUon
Pad
applied
4P4
End
Use
X
X
X
X
Application
AP­
7
X
AP­
7
End
Use
X
X
X
IV.
Exposure
Information
­
Leather
000141
139
A.
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

140
Distribution
Chain
3M
b
Tannery
b
M
fg
b
Retail
b
Consumer
A
A
A
I
L
I
I
I
I
b
Formulator
B.
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
fi­
om
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

l
142
Points
of
Contact
at
Tannery
Leather
Loading
Dock
Retanning­
Application
by
Drum
Setting
Out
Drying
Stretch/
Condition
/F
C
Application
by
Roller
Coat,
Spray
or
Chemical
Milling
/
Plating/
F?
j
000145
Points
of
Contact
at
Manufacture
Leather
Cut
&
Sew
000146
144
C.
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated..
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
`x".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
detined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

n
.'
c
145
S
Exposure
information
Leather
.

Tsyte
Of
/
;sf)
Ex;;;;"

<50dayslyear
=
Low
14hrsIday
for
50­

Ingestion
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
100days'yr
=
Mediurr
>4hrslday
for
MOOdays/
yr
=
High
.
d.
­
Physical
Form
Open
or
Closed
System
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Comments
innery
X
X
Low
incidence
Rate.
Loading
Dock
(Spills)
QC
Lab
Formulation
&
Development
Work
X
X
l­
2
l­
2
Inventory
(Chemical)

Mix
Retanning
­
Application
by
Drum
Setting
Out
Drying
`tretch/
Condition
l­
2
Low
X
Closed
system
X
no/
very
little
potential
X
1­
2
Medium­
High
X
exposure.
X
x
x
1­
2
Medium­
High
X
X
x
x
X
l­
2
Medium­
High
X
x
x
X
1­
2
Medium­
High
X
x
x
X
l­
2
Medium­
High
X
X
Exposure
Information
Leather
'

Estimated
Exposure
Time
4
hrlday
for
1
Physical`
Form
4Odayslyear
=
Low
l­
rlhrs/
day
for
50­
t­
Open
or
Closed
Systen
Closet
f
T
T
n
Estimated
Number
01
Workers
(per
plant)
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Point
of
Contact
Comments
C
II
Ihalation
Dermal
x
X
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
x
X
X
X
X
1­
2
1­
2
Medium­
High
X
X
1­
2
Medium­
High
I
1­
2
Medium­
High
I
/
I
.
­
Garment,
Accessory,
Shoe
or
Uphc
X
~
X
x
x
X
X
jlstety
Manufacture
Buffing/
Sanding
C
Application
by
Roller
Coat,
Spray
or
Chemical
Milling
Plating/
Embossina
Semi­
closed
spray
X
application
X
Sorting/
Measuring/
Wrapping/
Shipping
X
X
X
Medium­
High
x
x
X
I
Wrapping
and
1
Medium­
High
X
X
X
X
Product
dried
on
leather
X
Consumers
1
4
*­
D.
Waste
Stream/
Recycle
Information
­
Leather
An
approximation
of
the
actual
disposition
of
the
chemical
after
it
arrives
at
a
customer
site
is
given
below.
No
exact
values
are
lu~
own.

Waste
chemical
iu
liquid
form
as
received
that
ends
up
in
the
sewer:
Leather
e.
g.
Product
adhering
to
inside
of
drum
Spills
Unused
application
mix
Miscellaneous
Percent
of
chemical
poundage
sold
that
ends
up
on
waste
yardage
of
fabric/
leather:

e.
g.
Second
quality
fabric/
leather
Color
samples
Lab
samples
Cutting
scraps
that
are
recycled
or
landfilled
Total
percent
of
chemical
poundage
sold
that
ends
up
as
waste
or
on
waste
goods:

148
000150
E.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M=
lOOO)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
expokure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

**
.

E
149
000151
Product
Code
LE­
4
LE­
4
LE­
2
LE­
2
LE­
1
z
LE­
1
LE­
3
LE­
3
Application
Process
01
End
Use
Application
End
Use
Application
End
Use
.
.

End
Use
End
Use
Volume
Sold
1997
(Ibs
fluoro­
chemical)
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
Leather
I
I
I
Most
Likely
Route
of
I
Indust­
Com­

Food
rial
martial
Use
Pattern
1
Environmental
Fate
hlQeS­

Uon
Landfill
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Comments
Primary
applilcation
1;
by
drum,
material
ma
be
roll
or
spray
applied
In
a
closed
system.

Primary
applilcation
ii
by
spray.

l
Application
Product
Process
or
Code
End
Use
I
I
Volume
Sold
1997
[lbs
fluoro­
chemical)
Chemistry
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
'
Leather
ES&

mated
%
Resid­
uals
Use
Pattern
Most
Likely
Route
of
EXDOSUre
Environmental
Fate
­1
Comments
Product
COdI3
Volume
Volume
Esli­
Esli­
Application
Sold
1997
Application
Sold
1997
matacl%
matacl%
Process
or
(Ibs
fluoro­
Process
or
(Ibs
fluoro­
Resid­
Resid­
End
Use
chemical)
Chamlstry
End
Use
chemical)
Chamistry
uals
uals
I
FO­
6
Process
FO­
6
End
Use
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Global
Product
Portfolio
.
Leather
Food
Route
ofI
3M
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
FLUOROCHEMICAL
USE,
DISTRIBUTION
AND
RELEASE
OVERVIEW
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Foreword
This
report
is
a
comprehensive
look
at
exposure
to
3M's
fluorochemicals
in
the
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
businesses.
It
attempts
to
answer
the
following
questions:

+
What
products
are
customers
exposed
to?
+
Where
does
exposure
happen?
+
What
type
of
exposure
is
it?

Use
of
3M
fluorochemicals
in
the
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
markets
is
complex
and
global.
Markets
served
are
highly
fragmented
and
involve
a
number
of
3M
fluorochemical
products
that
are
used
as
ingredients
in
end­
use
3M
formulations.
The
3M
formulations
are
used
by
3M
customers
to
treat
various
substrates
such
as
carpets,
floors,
upholstery,
apparel.

Sources
Lnforrnation
for
this
report
was
developed
soIely
from
internal
3M
sources.
These
include:

+
Knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
from
field
sales
and
technical
personnel
+
Best
estimates
of
end­
use
applications
from
known
customer
activities.
+
Internal
sales
reports
+
Knowledge
of
worldwide
activities
(where
applicable)
by
St
Paul­
based
personnel
How
To
Read
This
ReDort
Situation
Analysis:
Provides
background
on
business
and
products.

Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact:
Follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
in
a
3M
end­
use
product
from
the
manufacturing
process,
where
applicable,
through
the
distribution
chain
to
final
end
user
and
its
end
use
mode.
Objective
is
to
identity
ail
significant
points
of
contact
with
3M
fluorochemicals
­
from
arrival
on
customer's
loading
dock
through
product
usage
and
disposal.

Exposure
Information:
Attempts
to
quantify
type
and
length
of
exposure
and
number
of
workers
exposed
to
3M
fluorochemicals
within
the
distribution
chain.

Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns:
**

Combines
3M
product
detail
with
the
exposure
routes
to
provide
a
summary
of
total
business
exposure
by
product
type.

000156
154
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Retail
Market
Products
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Fluorochemical
Identities
Chart
Situation
Analysis
Distribution
Chain
&
Points
of
Contact
FC
Exposure
Information
Summary
FC
Exposure
Information
Charts
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
Summary
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
Chart
155
FLUOROCHEMICAL
IDENTITIES
CHART
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
GENERIC
CAS
CODE
NUMBER
CAS
NAME
FC
CHEMISTRY
NAME
K­
1,
HC­
2,
I
w­
3.
AA­
l.
I
I
I
I
I
AA­
2
.I
I
1
I
I
HC­
4
HC­
5,
AA­
3
.
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
RETAIL
MARKET
PRODUCTS
Situation
Analysis
BUSINESS
DEFINITION
Home
treatment
of
upholstery,
carpet,
auto
interiors
and
apparel
by
individual
retail
consumers.

KEY
PRODUCTS
Aerosol
can
spray
cleaners
and
protectors
for
home
use
­
cleaners
for
fabric,
upholstery,
carpet;
protectors
for
fabric,
upholstery,
carpet,
leather.
All
products
in
this
category
are
manufactured
by
independent,
non­
3M
manufacturing
facilities
under
contract
with
3M.

KEY
MARKETS
Grocery,
club,
hardware,
auto
parts
stores.

KEY
CUSTOMERS
Individual
retail
consumers.

INTENDED
USE
Occasional
home
use
on
carpets,
upholstery,
apparel,
auto
interiors,
shoes
and
boots.

EXPECTED
USE
Home
use.
Fabric
protector
­­
two
cans
per
year
per
product
user.
Other
products
­
one
can
or
less
per
year
per
product
user.

157
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Retail
Markets
Products
Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact
The
following
information
describes
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.

The
distribution
chain
for
the
Retail
Markets
Products
is
not
complex.
Product
is
shipped
from
the
manufacturer
to
the
retailer
with
the
possibility
of
one
or
more
warehousing
steps
in
between.
During
distribution,
the
product
is
in
sealed
aerosol
cans.
No
significant
exposure
to
the
3M
product
is
anticipated
during
distribution.
No
charts
are
provided
for
the
distribution
chain.

The
following
charts
provide
points
of
like&
contact
with
the
3M
fluorochemical
and
fluorochemical­
containing
product
during
manufacture
and
customer
use.

*
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
manufacturing
process
and
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
customer
interactions.

158
Staging
LG
Area
Receiving
Dock
+
Warehouse
I
1
Weigh
Drum
Station
Disposal
*
QA
f
Charge
Rinsate
Sample
Mix
Tank
Disposal
c
I
1
A
Sample
Ship
to
Customer
000161
159
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
HC­
1,
HC­
4
APPLICATION
d
Purchase
product
1
?I­
Arrange
furniture
or
clothing
for
treatment
Spray
on
furniture,
carpet
or
clothing
Arrange
furniture
or
clothing
for
drying
Let
treated
article
dry
I
1
Use
treated
article
p
160
000162
0
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
HC­
2,
HC­
3
APPLICATION
­
Purchase
product
v
Store
product
for
fku­
e
use
V
Spray
on
furniture,
carpet
or
clothing
I
Wipe
onto
fabric
1
J
Let
treated
1
to
loosen
soil
1
L
I
article
dry
161
C?
@00163
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
HC­
5
APPLICATION
fl
Purchase
product
]

Store
product
for
future
use
V
Spray
on
shoes,
other
leather
items
Use
treated
article
Arrange
treated
article
for
drying
Let
treated
article
dry
.

*­
162
000164
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
AA­
l,
AA­
3
APPLICATION
Purchase
product
Store
product
for
f&
m­
e
use
­
Open
car
doors,
windows
<

V
Spray
onto
car
interior
+

Let
car
interior
dry
V
Use
car
163
000165
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
AA­
2
APPLICATION
p
Purchas;
product
1
1
Let
car
interior
dry
1
+­
l
Use
car
164
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Retail
Markets
Products
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
Summary
Based
on
the
Distribution
Chain/
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
principal
step
in
the
manufacture
and
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.
Use
pattern
includes
steps
in
manufacture
and
end
use
application
by
the
retail
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure
at
each
point
of
contact
­­
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
use.
During
end
use
application,
"number
of
workers"
represents
number
of
occupants
of
residence
present
during
and
after
product
use.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers/
end
users
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Indicates
open/
closed
status
of
product
at
time
of
handling
as
follows:
Ooen
system
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Examples
of
open
systems
are
mixing
kettles,
open
drums
and
bottles.
Closed
system
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Examples
of
closed
systems
are
sealed
drums
and
filled
aerosol
containers.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

Disposal:
Indicates
most
likely
method
of
disposal
of
the
end
use
product
­
landfill,
recycling
or
incineration.
All
end
use
products
represented
in
these
charts
are
packaged
in
aerosol
cans.
Disposal
into
the
waterways
or
sewer
system
is
not
expected.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

165
000167
3Y
FLUOROCHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
PRODUCT
=
l­
c­
1
Point
of
Contact
(MostL
~hvsical
Form
I
Ownor
IComments
I
I
ikely
Exposure
Route(
s)
Estimated
I
'
Number
of
bsure
Time
I
Closed
Svstam
I
I
Closed
containers.

CHARGING
1
x
1
MIXING
I
I
x
1
6
I
I
3
4
x
1
I
I
1
x
1
QA
SAMPLING
I
Y
I
x
j
J
x
1
Same
set
of
people
Y
I
I
I
I
"
for
these
four
jobs
APPLICATION:
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
DURING
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPLlCATlON
­byuser
X
X
X
1
0.02
2
X
X
X
­byothersin
house
X
X
Assumes
2.5
per
1.5
0
0
X
X
family
I
AFTER
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
APPLICATION
­
by
user
X
X
1
?
2
X
X
­
by
others
in
house
X
X
1.5
Touching
carpet
?
2
X
X
I
Touching
carpet
3M
FLUOROCHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
Point
of
Contact
1
Most
Likely
Expc
PRODUCT
=
HC­
2
Phvsical
Form
I
Ooenor
IComments
I
I
I
.
I
Closed
System
I
I
APPLICAllON
­byuser
X
X
1
7
2
X
X
­
by
others
in
house
X
X
1.5
?
Touching
wt
catpet
2
X
X
Touching
wet
carpet
AFTER
DRYING
2.5
?
?
X
I
Physical
contact;
dust
I
I
I
DISPOSAL
LANDFILL
RECYCUNG
INCINERATION
1
I
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
000169
167
3M
FLUOROCHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
[Point
of
Contact
PRODUCT
=
HC­
3
1
Most
Likely
Exposure
Route(
s)
1
Estimated
I
Estimats
1
Physical
Form
I
Openor
IComments
I
1
Number
ofI
Expsure
Time
1
Cl&
d
System
I
I
APPUCATION:
DURING
APPLICATION
­
bv
user
X
X
X
1
0.03
1
X
X
X
Assumes
2.5
Far
­
by
others
in
house
X
X
1.5
0
0
X
X
family
IMMEDIATELY
AFTER
APPLICATI
ION
I
!
r
X
X
1
?
2
X
X
Moving
wat
furniture?
­
by
others
in
house
X
X
1.5
7
2
X
X
I
1
XU
FLUOROCHEMI~
L
~POSURE
INFORMATION
RRAIL
WWJWB
PRODUCTS
PRODUCT
=
HC­
4
AFTER
DRYING
Physical
contact;
dust
LANDFILL
7
?
X
X
X
RECYCLING
?
?
X
x
INCINERATION
?
?
I
x
I
x
I
I
I
I
oooim
I
169
3M
~u10wckwdlCAL
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
RETAlL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
.

Point
of
Contact
PRODUCT
=
HC4
Most
Likely
Exposure
Route(
s)
Estimated
Estimate
Physical
Form
Open
or
Comments
Number
of
Exposure
Time
Closed
System
I
I
I
]
Cl
,
I
;
1
f
I
I
I
I
'
<l
1
]
x
1
1
::
Closed
containers.

3
I2
14
IX1
I
I
I
I
Y
Spill
response
only,
I
­.
.
.
­
CAPPIN,
PACKAGINb
,
I
I
WAFSHOUF
'
I
I
SHIPPING
CONSUMER
APPLICATION:
DURING
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
APPUCATION
­byuser
X
X
X
1
0.02
1
X
X
X
­
by
others
in
house
Assumes
2.5
per
X
X
I
.5
0
0
X
X
I
family
IMMEDIATELY
AFTER
APPLICATION
­
by
user
X
Touching
wet
X
1
?
2
X
X
surface?
­
by
others
in
house
X
X
1.5
?
2
X
X
AFI­
ER
DRYlNG
2.5
?
?
X
Physical
contact
DISPOSAL
LANDFILL
X
X
X
RECYCLING
,
X
X
INClNERATlON
]
X
X
170
3M
FLIJOROCHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
RETAIL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
PRODUCT
=
M­
1
surface;
assume
2.5
171
IMMEDIATELY
AFTER
oLs­
I
LANDFILL
X
X
X
RECYCLING
I
X
X
INCINERATION
X
X
3~
FUJOROCHEMICAU
EXPOSURE
lNFORMAllON
RErblLwRKErsPwDucTs
0001xi
­L
173
­­_
Aftemarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Retail
Markets
Products
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Summary
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
information
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical­
containing
product
in
manufacture
of
another
product;
may
include
dilution
prior
to
commercial
distribution.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical­
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate;
may
include
product
dilution
by
end
user.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
per
product
in
1997
expressed
in
thousands
(000).
FC
solids
less
than
1000
lb
are
indicated
by
approximate
pounds
displayed
inside
parentheses
(­­).

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
present
in
product
during
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

0001'76
174
Manufacture
HC­
1
Process
APP
End
HC­
2
HC­
3
APP
*
.

End
APP
End
HC­
4
App
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Retall
Markets
Products
Retall
Markets
Products
Volume
FC
Amount
Solids
FC
Residuals
Sold
FC
Chemistry
Present
in
product
Most
Use
Pattern
Likely
Route(
s)
of
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
1997
W8S.
b
(000
lb)
(w(%
of
(wt%
of
pdl)
Food
lllatld
cm
cagvw
W&
f
lrhaladon
Ingesdm
Trerbnml
landlill.
Small
percal
X
X
X
I
X
X
X
X
X
spent
containers
typically
end
up
in
7
landlill.
Small
percal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
­­­­­
X.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
­­­­­­­­
X
X
X
X
X
X
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
End
of
Retail
Markets
Products
Section
0001"/
8
176
­­­
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Commercial
Markets
Products
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Fluorochemical
Identities
Chart
Situation
Analysis
Distribution
Chain
&
Points
of
Contact
FC
Exposure
Information
Summary
FC
Exposure
Information
Charts
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
Summary
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
Chart
177
FLUOROCHEMlCAL
IDENTITIES­
CHART
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
GENERIC
CAS
CODE
NUMBER
CAS
NAME
FC
CHEMISTRY
NAME
CC­
l,
cc­
2
HC­
6
PC­
I,
PC­
2
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
Situation
Analysis
BUSINESS
DEFINITION
Commercial
Markets
Products
have
two
distinct
product
categories:

A)
Cleaning
and
protection
of
commercial
building
and
residential
upholstery
and
carpet
with
3M
products
by
professional
applicators.
Cleaning
and
maintenance
of
floors,
walls
and
other
hard
surfaces
in
commercial
buildings
by
professional
staff
such
as
in­
house
custodians
and
independent
contract
cleaners.

B)
Treatment
of
consumer
and
professional
film
negatives
by
commercial
photo
processing
facilities.

KEY
PRODUCTS
A)
3M
protectors
and
cleaner/
protectors
for
commercial
building
and
residential
carpets
and
upholstery
manufactured
as
liquids
intended
for
spray
application.
(Hard
surface
cleaning
products
are
not
considered
in
the
following
sections
because
use
of
fluorochemicais
in
the
formulations
is
at
a
very
low
level
­
perhaps
0.1%
of
the
formulation
or
less
­
and
because
similar
products
and
use
patterns
are
considered
in
other
market
sections
of
this
3M
assessment
report.)

B)
Liquid
photocurable
coating
for
film
negatives.
Cured,
durable
coating
provides
scratch
and
soivent
protection
for
photographic
film
negatives.

KEY
MARKETS
A)
Janitorial
supply,
professional
supply
houses
B)
Commercial
film
processing
facilities
KEY
CUSTOMERS
A)
Furniture
retailers,
building
maintenance
personnel,
professional
residential
carpet
cleaning
services
B)
Individual
retail
consumers
(photo
negatives)
and
commercial/
professional
photographers.

INTENDED
USE
A)
Treatment
of
carpet
and
upholstery
for
ultimate
use
in
commercial
buildings
and
residences
B)
Machine
applied
and
cured
(closed
system)
in
a
very
thin
coating
on
fihn
negatives
at
commercial
film
processing
fbcilities.

EXPECTED
USE
PATTERN
A)
Liquid
water­
based
products
applied
using
low
pressure
or
paint­
type
spray
apparatus.
Articles
are
treated
at
the
customer
residence,
in
commercial
buildings,
or
ir
`he
furniture
retailers
establishment.

i3)
Film
protector
is
applied
by
commercial
applicators
only.
commercial
and
retail
consumers.
Cured,
dry,
treated
fi'",
is
handled
by
000181
0
179
__,..
.
­­­
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Commercial
Markets
Products
Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact
The
following
information
describes
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.

The
distribution
chain
for
the
Commercial
Markets
Products
is
not
complex.
In
general,
product
is
shipped
from
the
manufacturer
to
the
distributor
who
sells
to
the
end
user.
One
or
more
warehousing
steps
may
be
involved.
During
distribution,
the
product
is
in
sealed
containers.
In
two
instances,
3M
product
is
reformulated
to
end
use
formulation
or
let
down
from
concentrate
to
end
use
concentration
in
the
distribution
process.
No
charts
are
provided
for
the
distribution
chain.
Reformulation
and
let
down
are
considered
in
the
points
of
contact
charts.

The
following
charts
provide
points
of
likely
contact
with
the
3M
fluorochemical
and
fluorochemical­
containing
product
during
manufacture
and
customer
use.

This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
manufacturing
process
and
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
customer
interactions.

.

180
000182
1
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
1
CC­
l,
CC­
2,
HC­
6
MANUFACTURE
Warehouse
(
Receiving
Dock
r
staging
Area
Weigh
Station
I
+
Drum
Disposal
w
Charge
Rinsate
Mix
Tank
Disposal
V
+
QA
f
Adjust
pH,
Sample
solids
I
I
1
Package
1
1
Warehouse
1
­7
Ship
to
Customer
000183
181
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
CC­
1
MANUFACTURE
(Via
Formulator)

J(

Formulation
Area
Dilute
with
water.
Add
chelator,
fragrance.
+

OK
I
Adjust
batch
pH
4
QA
Sample
l
Test
for
pH
Package
cc­
1
­
Warehouse
Dilute
prior
to
use
by
1
applicator
182
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
PC­
2
Manufacture
(Via
Formulator)

Warehouse
4
PC­
1
Rec'd
fi­
om
3M
1
Staging
Area
Drum
Disposal
Charge
QA
I
Mix
Tank
I
Rinsate
Sample
4
Disposal
I
r
I
water
i
Fill,
Package
PC­
2
Reject
Disposal
ship
to
Customer
#

183
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
CC­
1
APPLICATION
CC­
1
diluted
in
warehouse;
truck
tanks
filled
Transport
to
customer
residence
Spray
on
furniture,
carpet
JI
Reposition
furniture
for
drying
+

Let
treated
article
dry
I
1
I
.

184
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
PC­
2
APPLICATION
Warehouse
f
­
PC­
2
received
I
I
I
I
+

i
Retailer
i­
i
Ship
to
furniture
warehouse
retailers
I
I
I
Unpackage
furniture;
prepare
for
treatment
~­~

Spray
booth
(
)
or
Enclosed
area;
no
ceiling;
(
)
or
1
Designated
area;
no
enclosure
Move
furniture
1
sprayers
)

p
Ship
to
customer
k­
1
.

Customer
uses
Customer
picks
treated
article
up
tiiture
185
COMMERCIAL
&lARKETS
PRODUCTS
HC­
6
APPLICATION
1
Store
in
facility
k­

1
HC­
6
Rec'd
from
3M
Pour
portion
into
machine
reservoir
(multiple
fills
from
one
container)
I
­i
Container
disposal
+
Clean
equipment
1
Coated
film
sent
to
customer
Disposal
1
186
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Commercial
Markets
Products
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
Summary
Based
on
the
Distribution
Chain/
Points
of
Contact
information,
each
principal
step
in
the
manufacture
and
customer
use
processes
are
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.
Use
pattern
includes
steps
in
product
manufacture
and
end
use
application
by
the
professional
applicator.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure
at
each
point
of
contact
­­
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
use.
During
end
use
application,
"number
of
workers"
represents
number
of
occupants
of
residence
present
during
and
a.
fler
product
use
as
well
as
the
professional
applicator.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
manufacture
workers/
end
users
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Indicates
open/
closed
status
of
product
at
time
of
handling
as
follows:
Open
system
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Examples
of
open
systems
are
mixing
kettles,
open
drums
and
bottles.
Closed
system
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Examples
of
closed
systems
are
sealed
drums
and
filled
sealed
containers.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

Disposal:
Indicates
most
likely
method
of
disposal
of
the
end
use
product
­
sewer,
landfill,
recycling
or
incineration.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estima&
s
on
how
&stomers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

000189
187
3M
RUOR~
HEMICAL
DCPOSIJ~
INFOFthlATlON
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
PRODUCT
=
ccl.
CC.
2
I
Estimated
I
I
I
I
I
­
tv
applicator
X
­
by
others
in
houee
X
1
Cl
X
X
Moving
wet
fumMe7
Walking/
touching
wet
2
4
X
x
SUrfaCe?

AFTER
CRYING
DISPOSAL
SEWER
LANDFILL
RECYCLING
INCINERATION
X
2,5
1
Physical
con@&
duet
12
250
X
&
residents
of
home
X
X
Spent
liquid
I
X
X
Empty
containeL
X
X
Empty
containers
I
X
X
Empty
ccntainefs
000190
188
JM
FLUOROCHEW~
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
Pdl
in
sealed
cunbiners
APPLICATOR
I
I
RECEIVE
PRODUCT
1
1
12
X
X
WAREHOUSE
1
1
12
X
SHIP
TO
FURNTTURE
Sealed
containers
REfAlLERS
23
7
250
X
X
RETAIL
WAREHOUSE
1
1
12
X
X
MOVE
TO
SPRAY
BOOTH
Conhlncrs
remain
in
X
1
1
12
X
X
X
SPRAY
FURNTTURE
X
area
for
further
us4
X
X
X
X
MOVE
TO
DRYING
2
3
350
AREA
X
X
X
X
Depending
on
drying
wndiis,
timed
drying
and
amouni
of
pdt
DELIVER
TO
CUSTOMER
CUSTOMER
X
applied.
furniture
may
be
2
4
250
damp
hen
ddii
X
X
Depending
on
drying
wndii.
timw
of
drying
189
3M
FLUOROCHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
INFORMATION
COMMERCIAL
MARKETS
PRODUCTS
USE
FILM
DISPOSAL
SEWER
Customernotaxposad0
?
?
7
X
X
andusepmdoct
Rags.
wipes
discarded
by
applicator;
treated
LANDFILL
RECYCLING
X
X
INCINERATION
X
X
Mfg
waste
wbly
sent
to
industrial
incinerator
.
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
Commercial
Markets
Products
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Summary
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
information
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical­
containing
product
in
manufacture
of
another
product;
may
include
dilution
prior
to
commercial
distribution.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical­
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate;
may
include
product
dilution
by
end
user.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997
expressed
in
thousands
(000);
FC
solids
less
than
1000
lb
are
indicated
by
approximate
pounds
displayed
inside
parentheses
(­­).

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
present
in
product
during
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.
"ND"
indicates
residual
level
not
determined.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".
,,,
.o
Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

000193
191
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns'

Commercial
Markets
Products
_tl:
Comments
Dlrbct
water
===
SeeBelow
===
~plication
Process
or
End
Use
Volume
:C
Solid:
Sold
1997
(000
lb)
rely
Route(
s)
of
Generic
Code
ndustrfll
Item
:­
dal
ixposurc
lnhabtbn
invlronr
ltal
Fat{
wrmt4
Water
`reatmenl
hnrumrr
Dermsl
ngeatbn
Landfill
X
lanufacture
Process
cc­
1
X
X
X
X
X
End
Process
X
X
X
X
HC­
6
X
X
X
X
APP
End
X
X
X
X
X
PC­
1
Process
End
solutions
sewered
X
X
PC­
2
X
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
End
of
Commercial
Markets
Products
Section
Aftermarket
Application
and
Retail
Consumer
Business
END
OF
FLUOROCHEMICAL
USE,
DISTRIBUTION
AND
RELEASE
OVERVIEW
Performance
Chemicals
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution
And
Release
Overview
.
Foreword
This
report
is
a
comprehensive
look
at
exposure
to
3M's
fluorochemicais
in
Performance
Chemicals
business.
It
attempts
to
answer
the
following
questions.

l
What
products
are
customers
exposed
to?

l
Where
does
exposure
happen?

l
What
type
of
exposure
is
it?

The
3M
fluorochemical
business
is
complex
and
global.
Markets
served
are
highly
f?
agmented
involving
multiple
3M
products
that
are
applied
to
multiple
substrates,
sold
into
multiple
market
segments
and
used
for
multiple
end
products.

sources
Information
for
this
report
was
developed
solely
from
internal
3M
sources.
These
include:

l
Knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
from
field
sales
and
technical
personnel
l
Best
estimates
of
end­
use
applications
from
known
customer
activities
l
Internal
sales
reports
l
Knowledge
of
worldwide
activities
(where
applicable)
by
St.
Paul
based­
personnel
How
To
Read
This
ReDort
Situation
Analysis:
Provides
background
on
business
and
products.

Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact:
Follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
throughout
the
distribution
chain
to
final
end
user.
Objective
is
to
identify
all
points
of
contact
with
our
chemicals
­
from
arrival
on
customer's
Loading
dock
through
product
usage
and
disposal.

Exposure
Information
Charts:
Attempts
to
quantify
type
and
length
of
exposure
and
number
of
workers
exposed
to
our
Chemicals
within
the
distribution
chain
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns:
Combines
3M
product
detail
with
the
exposure
routes
to
provide
a
summary
of
total
business
exposure
by
product
type.

__.
..­
000198
m
196
Table
of
Contents
I.
Chemical
Names
II.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Fire­
fighting
Foams
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
3.
Customer
Location
B.
Mining
and
Oil
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
C.
Metal
Plating
and
Electronic
Etching
Baths
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
D.
Household
Additives
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
E.
Intermediates
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
F.
Coatings
and
Coating
Additives
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Market
197
000199
Table
of
Contents
Page
Two
G.
Carpet
Spot
Cleaners
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
3.
Customer
Location
H.
Insecticides
1.
Business
Definition
2.
Products
and
Markets
III.
Exposure
Assessment
A.
Fire­
fighting
Foam
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Production
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
B.
Mining
and
Oil
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Production
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
C.
Metal
Plating
and
Electronic
Etching
Baths
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Production
\iolumes
and
Use
Pattern
D.
Household
Additives
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Production
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
E.
Intermediates
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
000200
198
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Production
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
F.
Coatings
and
Coating
Additives
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
Production,
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
G.
Carpet
Spot
Cleaners
1.
Distribution
Chain
(Points
of
Contact,
Exposure
Routes
done
by
Home
tid
Commercial
Care
Products
Division)
3.
Production:
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
H.
Insecticides
1.
Distribution
Chain
2.
Points
of
Contact
3.
Exposure
Routes
4.
ProductioqVolumes
and
Use
Patterns
Chemical
Names
.

The
following
is
a
list
of
Chemical
Abstract
Services
(CAS)
names
and
numbers
for
individual
products.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Generic
Code:
Indicates
an
iuternal3M
designation
of
the
product(
s).

CAS
Number:
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
number(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
names
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist):
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
name(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Class:
I&
a&
s
a
shortened,
generic
chemical
name.

200
Chemical
Names
s:

0
0
C
zc
c
G:
Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
i;
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
Household
Additives
HA­
I.
PE­
2
I
HA­
2
,

HA­
3,
MO­
7
HA4
CA­
1
HA­
5,
CA­
2,
MO­
5,
MO­
l
.
Chemical
Names
'

Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)

HA­
6,
PE­
3
Chemical
Class
Metal
Plating/
Electronic
Etching
PE­
1
PE­
4
I
I
Intermediates
IM­
1
IM­
2
Generic
Code
IM­
3
Chemical
Names
,

CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
IM­
4
IM­
5
CA­
3
1
Coatings,
Coating
Additives,
and
Inks
CA­
5
CA­
6
Chemical
Names
.

Generic
Code
CAS
Number
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
If
CAS
name
does
not
exist)
Chemical
Class
Insecticides
IC­
1
IC­
2
Mining/
Oil
10­
2,
MO­
6
MO­
4
FF­
1
to
FF­
13
cc­
1
1
I
Fire­
fighting
Foams
Carpet
Spot
Cleaner
I
Iv.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Fire
Fighting
Foams
1.
Business
Definition
Fire
Protection
Industry
­
Description:
Light
WaterrM
and
ATCTM
are
trademarks
for
class
B
fire
foam
products
manufactured
by
3M
that
are
aqueous
film
forming
foams
(AFFF)
and
alcohol
resistant
concentrate
(AR­
AFFF)
used
to
suppress
and/
or
extinguish
flammable
liquid
fires
and
suppress
flammable
liquid
and
toxic
chemical
vapors.
Branded
foams
are
manufactured
as
well
as
commercial,
competitively
priced
AFFF's
and
AR­
AFFF's.

a)
Fluorochemical
Foam
Surfactant
Converter
Segment
This
segment
is
comprised
of
companies
who
purchase
fluorochemical
intermediates
and
convert
them
by
means
of
a
chemical
reaction
to
organic
fluorochemical
surfactants
for
use
in
formulating
flammable
liquid
fire
fighting
foam.
Other
than
3M,
who
convert
their
own
intermediates
to
surfactants,
most
surfactant
manufacturers
in
the
United
States
either
convert
their
own
intermediates,
or
obtain
their
intermediates
from
companies
other
than
3M.
3M
intermediates
that
end
up
in
fire
fighting
foam
are
non­
existent
in
the
United
States,
but
could
end
up
in
the
United
States
from
sources
outside
the
United
States
where
we
do
sell
intermediates
for
this
segment.

b)
Foam
Formulator
Segment:

This
segment
is
comprised
of
companies
that
formulate
their
own
AFFF
products
fi­
om
Fluorochemical
surfactants,
or
mixtures
of
surfactants
called
superconcentrates
or
concentrated
agents.

4
Fire
Extinguisher
Concentrate
Segment:

This
segment
is
comprised
of
companies
who
manufacture
fire
extinguishers,
from
one­
gallon
equivalent
portable
up
to
three
hundred
or
more
gallon
fixed
or
wheel
mounted
ready
to
use
fire
fighting
systems.

A
*
,

d)
Foam
Flammable
Liquid
Fire
Fighting
Segment:

This
segment
is
comprised
of
all
users
of
AFFF
and
AR­
AFFF
Foam.
These
are
the
end
users,
usually
described
at
"fire
fighters".
A
fire
fighter
uses
the
concentrate
by
00020'7
205
educting,
or
mixing
it
with
water
at
the
time
of
fighting
a
fire,
either
by
mixing
it
with
water
as
a
pre­
mix,
or
using
fire
fighting
equipment
that
proportions
the
concentrate
with
water
as
it
is
used.
Another
form
of
fire
fighting
with
foam
is
where
a
fixed
system,
containing
the
concentrate,
is
either
manualiy
or
automatically
activated
causing
the
system
to
force
the
concentrate
into
a
water
stream
where
the
"mixture"
is
forced
through
sp­
r
heads
or
an
automatic
monitor
directly
to
the
fire.
The
"fire
fighter"
will
also
use
foam
f?
om
a
fixed
installation
for
application
directly
to
a
flammable
liquid
that
is
burning
or
is
emitting
flammable/
toxic
vapors.

2.
Products
and
Markets:

Foam
concentrate
(identified
in
TV.
a
3)
use
by
the
"fire
fighter"
either
manually
or
automatically
are
used
in
the
following
market
areas:

Market
Area
Oil&
k
Chemrcal
Industry
Description
Chermcal
plants,
petroleum
refineries,
terminal
storage
facilities,
transportation
(excluding
marine)

sprinkler
systems
.
Purchasers
of
foam
concentrates
for
inclusion
in
end­
user
products
(i.
e.,
foam/
water
sprinklers,
fire
trucks)

Marine
Water
transportation
vessels
Fire
Brigades
Local
government
fire
protection
services
Civil
Aviation
Airports
(Crash
tie
rescue)
.

Off­
Shore
Total
drilling
platform
protection
systems
Military
Federal/
national
government
armed
forces
Hazardous
Waste
Environmental
Clean­
up
Companies
000208
l
206
3.
Key
Product
Sales
Product
Code
Lbs.
PE­
1
Solids
Per
Gallon
Gallons
Sold
FF­
1
FIT­
2
FF­
3
FF3A
F'F­
3B
FF­
4
IT­
5
IF­
SA
FF­
SB
FF­
SC
IT­
SD
FF­
6
FF­
6A
IT­
7
FF­
8
c
­
207
.
.
000209
,
i
3.
0002f0
4
208
00021P
209
II.
Situation
Analysis
B.
Mining
and
Oil
Mining
­
This
segment
includes
copper
and
gold
mines
that
process
ore
via
solution
mining.
The
mines
use
3M
surfactants
to
increase
wetting
of
the
sulfuric
acid
or
cyanide
that
leaches
the
ore.
This
increases
the
amount
of
metal
recovered
from
the
ore.
3M
surfactants
are
sold
directly
to
the
mines.

Oil
­
This
segment
includes
oil
well
service
formulators
and
oil
companies
that
use
3M
surfactants
in
a
well
stimulation
formula
that
is
injected
into
an
oil
well
to
enhance
the
recovery
of
oil
and
gas.
3M
surfactants
are
sold
direct,
to
formulators
and
through
a
distributor.

Products
MO­
1
MO­
2
MO­
4
MO­
3
MO­
6
MO­
7
Mb­
5
(000)
Pounds
C.
Metal
Plating
and
Electronic
Etching
Baths
Metal
Plating­
This
segment
includes
chrome
and
plastic
preplate
etchant
platers
who
use
3M
surfactants
to
suppress
oxidizing
acid
mist
in
order
to
protect
their
operators
health
in
compliance
with
NIOSH
regulations.
3M
surfactants
are
sold
either
as
powders
to
formulators
who
manufacture
solid
pellets
that
are
sold
to
the
platers
or
as
liquids
that
are
sold
directly
to
the
platers
Electronic
Etching­
This
segment
includes
the
electronics
manufacturers
who
add
3M
surfactants
to
strong
acids
in
order
to
etch
precise
patterns
in
a
silicon
wafer
or
a
printed
circuit
board.
3M
surfactants
are
either
sold
to
formulators
who
purify
and
dilute
the
surfactants
before
selling
them
to
the
end
user
or
sold
directly
to
the
wafer
manufacturer
Products
f­
t­
4
PE­
1
PE­
3
Pounds
000213
211
D.
Household
Additives
This
segment
includes
chemical
formulators
who
use
3M
surfactants
to
improve
the
wetting
of
water­
based
products
that
are
sold
as
cleaners,
waxes,
floor
polishes,
surface
protective
compounds,
and
photographic
film.
3M
surfactants
are
sold
as
liquids
to
the
formulators
who
dilute
them
to
about
20
parts
per
million
in
their
product
that
is
sold
to
the
consumer
or
contract
cleaner.

Products
r
HA­
2
HA­
6
Pounds
000214
212
E.
Intermediates
This
segment
includes
chemical
manufacturers
who
react
3M
fluorochemical
intermediates
with
monomers
in
order
to
create
a
fiuorochemical
polymer.
The
manufacturers
handle
3M
intermediates
in
a
way
similar
to
the
way
3M
processes
3M
intermediates
to
make
surfactants
for
3M
"Light
Water'
fire
protection
foam
or
fluorinated
polymers.
with
residues
similar
to
"Scotchgard"
carpet
protector.

Products
TFm­­
IM­
2
IM­
3
lM­
4
Pounds
000215
213
F.
Coatings
and
Coating
Additives
Coatings­
This
segment
includes
formulators
who
utilize
3M
fluorochemical
polymer
coatings
as
received
or
in
combination
with
other
materials
to
import
soil
or
water
repellency
to
a
surface.
Typical
applications
include
application
of
such
coating
to
household
or
commercial
surfaces
or
electronical
or
electronic
components.

Products
CA­
5
CA­
6
Pounds
Coating
Additives­
Some
formulators
of
protective
coatings
utilize
very
low
levels
of
3M
surfactants
(fractions
of
a
percent)
to
enhance
wetting,
flow,
leveling,
and
performance
and
to
permit
reductions
in
the
amount
of
hazardous
solvents
and
other
volatile
organic
compounds
required
in
such
systems.

Products
CA­
1
CA­
2
CA­
3
CA­
4
Pounds
G.
Carpet
Spot
Cleaners
This
segment
includes
formulators
of
carpet
spot
cleaners
who
use
3M
fluorochemicals
to
provide
stain
and
soil
resistance
to
carpet.
The
consumer
sprays
the
product
on
carpet
Products
cs­
1
Pounds
000217
`­

215
.­­
I
H.
Insecticides
This
segment
includes
formulators
of
insect
control
bait
stations
who
use
3M
fluorochemicals
as
registered
active
ingredients.
3M
fluorochemicals
are
blended
with
bait
that
is
attractive
to
the
insect
and
placed
in
bait
stations
for
leaf
cutter
ants,
pharoah
ants
and
cockroaches.

Products
lcr­
IC­
1
Pounds
000218
216
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.
AFFF
Stiactant
Converter
Segment
Distribution
Chain
3M
t
Converter
Formulator
v
Distributor/
Contractor
f
Industry/
Gov't
Fire
Dept
AFFF
Foam
Formulator
Segment
Distribution
Chain
AFFF
Foam
Formulator
Segment
Distribution
Chain
3M
`cl
I
+

I
Formulator
h­­

Distributor/
Con&
actor
AFFF
Fire
Extinguisher
Segment
Distribution
Chain
3M
Ir
Extinguisher
Manufacturer
Distributor/
Contractor
.

.
I
b
AFFF
Flammable
Liquid
Fire
Fighting
Segment
.
Distribution
Chain
3M
*

Distributor/
Contractor
4
v
.
Industry/
Gov't
Fire
Dept
I
221
000223
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

000224
Points
of
Contact
Fire­
Fighting
Foam
Surfactant
Converter
I4
.
.

&,&:#
zk­

v
­
Pre­
Mix
r
I
,
I
QA
'
_
Surfactant
Converter
­I
Warehouse
I
1
Staging
Area
1
*
7
QA
'
Mix
Tank
I
I
I
Warehouse
I
)
Ship
to
Customer
(

000225
223
Points
of
Contact
Formulator
Fire­
Fighting
Foam
Receiving
Dock
1
I
1
I
I
QC
+

Warehouse
Staging
Area
l
,
Mix
Tank
b
Disposal
Package
(fill)

Warehouse
,

224
Points
of
Contact
Fire­
Fighting
Foam
Fire
Extinguisher
`I
Receing
I
I
Warehouse
I
Returned
or
Shipped
to
Customer
jl
:
`C
225
ii',

~000227
.
Points
of
Contact
Fire­
Fighting
Foam
End
Use
AU
Products
Sprinkler
.
I
Truck,
tanker
Extinguisher
I
I
Hose
dispenser
226
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
'
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

m
`3r
000229
227
Exposure
Information
­
Processed
Raw
Material
Exposure
Information
­
Processed
Raw
Material
Estimated
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Exposure
Times
Pnint
nf
Cnntm­
t
Point
of
Contact
T­
m
nf
Evnh~
arrs
Type
of
Exposure
Number
high
medium
Number
high
medium
rC
W­
A­
y
Ifi"
of
Workers
low
Open
or
Closed
Open
or
Closed
­k.,
rtr­
l
e­­.­
*­­

Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
Physical
Form
System
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Comments
Receiving
CC
Warehouse
Staging
Pre­
Mix?

Drum
Disposal
'
Surfactant
Convertor
QA
Package
Warehouse
Staging
Mix
Tank
CM
Package
Warehouse
Customer
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
7
X
X
Low
incidence
?
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
X
Low
X
Low
incidence
Medium
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
l
r
.
FORMULATOR
FF­
7,
FF­
8
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Number
high
medium
Open
or
Closed
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
of
Workers
low
Physical
Form
System
Comments
Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
Liquid
Solld
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Warehouse
X
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Staging
Low
X
X
X
Low
incidence
MH
Tank
X
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
CIA
X
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
,
Package
X
Low
X
X
X
Low
incidence
/
Warehouse
X
Low
X
I
X
Low
incidence
Customer
X
Low
000231
End
Use
Estlmated
Exposure
Times
Number
of
high
medium
Open
or
Closed
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
low
Physical
Form
System
Comments
Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
Llquld
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Low
incidence,
low
000232
Finished
Product
Use
Exposure
Times
Number
of
high
medium
Open
or
Closed
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
low
Physical
Form
System
Comments
Oral
Dermai
inhalation
(per
plant)
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Bladder
tanks
filled
by
pouring
or
pumping
Original
container
Portable
tank
x
X
Low
Low
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
X
X
Low
incidence
X
X
Low
incidence
000233
231
I
EXTINGUISHERS
(fillers)
IEstImated
I
I
I
I
I
it
of
Contact
I
Type
of
Exoosure
Phvslcal
Farm
I
ope~~~
t~~
ed
I
Comments
I
IPCill
­
­__

Oral
kmal
inhalation
(per
plant)
­
­­
a­­­­­
.
v....
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
s
Closed
.`
W'V
I
,\
I
I
L"
W
I
IX
,
A
A
LVVV
UIW"
muse
I
Low
X
X
Low
incid
Low
X
X
Low
incid
Low
X
X
Low
incid
I
Wareh&
e
Low
X
X
Low
incid­..­
X
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
Shipped
Cwt.
X
Low
X
X
Low
incidence
I
I
I
ReceWn
Waret.­
­_
­
Staging
Mix
Tank
Packanina
Y
__
IX
IX
IX
I
,.
a.,
"
Y
I
n,.,
:"
a:
qence
lence
lence
lence
lence
I
I
000234
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochernical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
defti
tions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
1000)

'
Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
itiormation.

233
Product
Process
or
End
Code
Use
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
In
1997
Chemistry
Amount
FC
Present
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patte
II
Resldul
als
Use
Pattern
Commerc
Consun
Food
lndustrtal
Id
er
IM­
I
Reactor
X
IM­
I
End
Use
Fire­
fighting
x
IS
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Dermal
inhalation
Ingestion
Environmental
Fate
Waste
lndnerell
Water
Direct
Landflll
0"
Treatment
Water
Comments
X
X
X
(majority)
X
X
x
.

000236
Product
Cod<

FF­
14
FF­
I5
FF­
16
FF­
17'

FF­
18
FF­
19
FFPO
FFH
FF­
14­
FF­
21
Fire
flghtlng
FF­
I
­FF­
13
FF4
FF­
16
Volume
FC
Process
or
End
Solids
Sold
Use
In
1997
`ormulator
of
AFFF
ormulator
of
AFFF
ormulator
of
AFFF
­ormulator
of
AFFF
:ormulator
of
AFFF
:ormulator
of
AFFF
5rmulator
of
AFFF
:ormulator
of
AFFFl
Fire­
fighting
It
Fire­
tigkkig
Chemlstty
Product
Volumes
&
Use
Patterns
Amount
%
FC
1
Resldu
1
Most
Llkely
Route
of
Present
als
Use
Pattern
Comm
Consu
Exposure
lnhalatlo
Environmental
Fate
Waste
lnclner
Water
Direc
Food
Industrial
ercial
mer
Dermal
n
Ingestion
Landfill
ation
Treatment
Water
X
X
X
X
I
I
1
x
1
I
I
1
x
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
x
Ix
I
I
x
.
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
.
.
I
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Comments
00021i7
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

236
Mining
Distribution
Chain
3M
1
Copper
or
Gold
Mine
Heap
Ore
1
237
Oil
Distribution
Chain
3M
v
Distributor
Oil
Well
Service
Company
000240
238
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

239
Points
of
Contact
Mining
Loading
Dock
1
Warehouse
Shipped
to
b
DNIIl
Leach
Area
Disposal
Transfer
to
Pumped.
to
Use
Soln.

Pumped
to
Leach­
Pad
System
Clean­
out
4
Dripped
or
sprayed
onto
ore
,
Absorbed
onto
ore
.

000242
240
Points
of
Contact
Oil
Well
Surfactants
r
1
I
I
QC
4
9
Receiving
Dock
I
1
+
I
­1
Warehouse
1
1
TankerTruck
1
I
nr
I
Site
Bottoms
.`&
??

241
000243
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
'
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

i
I
*

000244
242
I
Point
of
I
MO­
3
Only
Crude
Oil
MO­
3
Bottoms
"'
End
Use
bosure
nhalation
Expos
Number
of
Workers
(per
plant)

1­
2
1­
2
1­
2
I­
2
1­
2
1­
2
1­
2
?

3
?
re
Information
MO­
7.
MO­
6,
MO­
5,
MO­
3,
MO­
4
I
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low­
~1
hr.,
*SO
days
Med.=
I­
4
hrs,
50­
100
days
High=
*4
hrs.,
*IO0
days
Physical
Form
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Low
X
Low
X
Low
X
Medium
X
Low
X
Low
X
Low
X
Low
X
Low
X
__
Point
of
Contact
Warehouse
(spills)

solution
Pumped
to
leach
Type
of
Exposure
Iral
IDermal
llnhalation
I
I
EXP
Isure
Information
­
MO­
2,
MO­
I
Number
of
Workers
(per
plant)

1­
2
1­
2
1­
2
l­
2
1­
2
l­
2
1­
2
1­
2
Estimated
Exposure
Times
LOW=
4
hr,
GO
days
Med.=
I­
4
hrs.,
50
­
100
days
Hiah=
>4
hrs.
GO0
days
Physical
Form
Liquid
ISolid
IAerosol
IVapor
t
,

Low
X
Low
X
Low
X
Low
X
Open
or
Closed
System
Ipen
Closed
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
L
Comments
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
l
000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
*
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

245
000247
r
Product
Code
MO­
3
MO­
3
MO­
3
MO­
3
MO­
3
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Volume
Volume
Process
FC
Solids
Process
FC
Solids
or
End
or
End
Sold
in
Sold
in
Amount
FC
Amount
FC
Use
Use
1997
1997
Chemistry
Chemistry
Present
Present
Most
Likely
Route
of
Most
Likely
Route
of
%
Reslduals
%
Residuals
Use
Pattern
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Exposure
Envlronmental
Fate
Envlronmental
Fate
Comments
Comments
Waste
Waste
Waler
Waler
lndusiri
Comrnerci
Consum
lndusiri
commerci
Consum
lnhalatlo
lnhalatlo
Food
al
Food
al
Treatme
Direct
Treatme
Direct
al
a1
er
er
Denal
n
Denal
n
lngeslion
Landfill
Incineration
nt
lngeslion
Landfill
Incineration
nt
Water
Water
Formulator
Formulator
Oil
Well
Surfactant
Surfactant
Crude
Oil
Crude
Oil
Bottoms
Bottoms
Copper
Copper
heap
leach
heap
leach
mining
mining
Unknown
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X?
X?
7
?
7
7
7
7
7
?

X
X
Absorbs
to
rock
Absorbs
to
rock
I
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Product
Code
Volume
Process
FC
Sollds
or
End
Sold
In
Amount
FC
Most
Likely
Route
of
Use
1897
Chemlsttv
Present
%
Residuals
Use
Pattern
ExDosure
Environmental
Fate
Water
lndustri
Conunerci
Consum
lnhalatio
Treatme
Direct
Food
al
al
er
Oermal
n
Ingestion
Landfill
lndnsration
nt
Water
MO­
4
X
X
X
MO4
X
X
x
x
Comments
Product
Code
MO­
7
c
MO=
7
Process
or
End
Use
Formulator
Oil
Well
Surfaciant
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Volume
FC
Sollds
Sold
In
Amount
FC
Most
Likely
Route
of
:xpoeure
Envlronmentel
FI
Wlbr
lnhrlallo
Tmdmr
n
l~
odon
Lmdflll
lndnwrtkn
nt
X
Absorb8
to
rock
Commente
.
Volume
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Pattern8
Process
FC
Solids
Product
or
End
1
Sold
In
1
I
Amount
FC
I
I
I
Most
Llkelv
Route
of
I
I
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
tirom
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.
Metal
Plating
Distribution
Chain
c
Pellet
Formulator
Plater
0002x3
­
251
Electronic
Etchant
Distribution
Chain
3M
v
v
v
Etchant
Formulator
Electronic
Part
OEM
000254
252
v
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

253
Points
of
Contact
Metal,
Plating
Pellet
Maker/
Formulator
PE­
1
1
Receiving
Dock
1
I
with
filler
I
Cut,
extruded,
stamped
(pellet
formation)

Packaged
I
I
Shipped
to
See
"plater"
flow
chart
254
1
bag
disposal
1
Points
of
Contact
Metal/
Plastic
Etching,
Metal
Plating
]
Receiving
Dock
1
QC
4
Warehouse
A'
Filter
Disposal
Etching
Bath
b.
Maintenance
Disposal
Rinse
Tank
Maintenance
I
I
Platin&
Bath
I
cI
Plating
Bath
1.
Liquid
,)
Plating
Bath
)
1
xtenance
1
__,
/
Conta$
x.$
js~
osall
1.

L
I
Pellet
1
f
iL
V.
LI")
r
l
Powder
1
I
I
I
I
I
Pellet
h
Dimosal
1
r
1
I
­
.
I
Rinse
Tanks
­­+
Maintenance
,
Disposal
Inspection,
QC
of
parts
'
Drying
.
Packaging
255
Points
of
Contact
Electronic
Etching
Baths
­
PE­
4,
PE­
3
(
QC
Receiving
Dock
.I
Warehouse
I
b
Pail
Disposal
Staging
Area
Pre­
Mix
I
I
1
1
Ship
to
Etcher
1
I
I
1
+
Receiving
Dock
I
I
Filter
Disposal
I
I
I­
I
I
Warehouse
I
­
Etching
Baths
.I
I
*
Maintenance
I
Disposal
Hazardous
Waste
1
­
000258
256
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
during
used.
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
'
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

000259
257
Product
Code
PE­
1
PE­
1
PE­
1
Process
or
End
etching
bath
_L
Use
Pattern
CommMc
Consum
lnduslrlal
lsl
er
X
X
.X
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns.

Amount
%
FC
Residu
Chemistry
Present
als
Food
Isure
Environmental
Fate
Waste
lndnemll
Water
DiMA
Ingestion
Landfill
cl­
l
Treatment
Waler
low
hazardous
X
low
hazardous
X
low
hazardous
X
X
Comments
used
n
conjunction
with
hazardous
chemicals.
Used
in
conjunction
with
hazardous
chemicals.
0
0
0
N
z
Volume
FC
Solids
Amount
Process
or
End
Sold
in
FC
use
1997
Chemistry
Present
Formulator/
User.

Metal
Plating
Bath
Etchants
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
%
Residu
Most
Likelv
Route
of
als
Use
Pattern
Expdsure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
Waste
C0mmer~
Consum
Food
industrial
ItlclllMU
Waler
otfeot
lal
er
Dermal
Inhalation
Ingestton
Landfill
on
Treatment
Water
X
X
X
hazardous
X
X
hazardous
X
Product
Process
or
End
Code
Use
Formulator
Electronic
Etchins
PE4
Baths
I
PE4
1
End
Use
Etcher
Solids
Sold
in
1997
rolume
FCI
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
I
I
I
I
I
Chemistry
Present
ahI
Use
Pattern
COmmel
Food
lndustrlal
ial
nla
X
X
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Waste
Consum
lndnersu
Waler
ar
Oennal
Inhalation
Ingestion
Landfill
on
Treatment
X
hazardous
X
X
hazardous
Comments
Dired
Water
Closed
system,
manv
rinses
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochernical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
1000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
'
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

261
000263
Bf
T
osure
Information
­
Pellc
Estimated
Exposure
Times
LOW=
<I
hr,
GO
days
Med.=
14
hrs,
50­
100
days
Number
of
High=
~4
hrs,
Workers
MOO
days
(per
plant)
Maker
(Metal
Plating
Baths)

Open
or
Closed
Point
of
Contact
tpe
of
Exposure
tern
Comments
Physlcal
Form
Sl
)oen
L
1
.lquld
:losed
I­
27
!
LOW
Receivinn
Dock
.ow
incidence
of
snills
Warehouse
l­
2
Low
7
Medium
1­
2
Low
.ow
incidence
of
spills.

Hopper/
Mixer
DisDosal
Pressure
Forming
?
Medium
l­
27
Medium?

1­
2
Low
?
l
Medium?
Pellet
Information
`echnicaliv
oualified
QC
Packaging
000264
262
Exposure
Information
­
MetallPlastic
Etchinn.
Metal
Platina
­­

Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
<l
hr,
GO
days
Med.=
14
hrs,
50­
100
days
Number
of
High=
>4
hrs,
>I00
Open
or
Closed
Doint
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
days
Physical
Form
System
Comments
Oral
Dermal
lnhalatlon
(per
plant)
Llquld
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
deceiving
Dock
Incidence
low
(spills)
Liquid
X
l­
2
Low
X
X
Powder
X
X
Low
X
X
Pellet
X
X
Low
X
X
Warehouse
1­
2
Liquid
X
X
Low
X
X
Incidence
low
(spills,
leakers)

Powder
X
X
Low
X
X
Pellet
X
X
Low
X
X
`lating,
Etching
Bath
?
Low
Liquid
X
Low
X
X
Corrosive
acids
are
present
Powder
X
X
Low
X
X
Pellet
X
X
Low
X
X
2C
(bath)
X
1­
2
Low
X
X
Technically
trained
Aaintenance
X
l­
2
Low
X
X
Iisposal
of
Container
l­
2
Liquid
X
Low
X
X
Powder
X
X
Low
X
X
Pellet
X
X
Low
X
X
I
263
000265
Exaasure
lnfarmatian
­
Metal/
Plastic
Etchinn­
Mntal
Platina
­­`
r­­­
'
­
____
­
__­­­­_­­_
­­­­­­...
­­­­.­
­­­­­­.`a
,
.­.­v
I
.
­
­­­"­J
Estimated
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Exposure
Times
Open
or
Closed
LOW=
<I
hr,
<SO
Physical
Form
System
Comments
days
Med.=
19
Number
of
hrs,
50­
100
days
Workers
(per
High=
>4
hrs,
MOO
Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
plant)
days
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Yter
disposal
X
l­
2
Low
X
X
Infrequent
?inse
Tank
X
?
Medium
X
X
Ww
7
Medium
X
nspection
QC
X
?
Medium
X
Dried
on
surface
`ackaging
X
?
Medium
X
Dried
on
surface
nstaller
X
?
Low/
Medium
X
Dried
on
surface
000266
264
`olnt
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Oral
Dermal
lnhalatlon
:ormulator
Exposure
Information
­
Electronic
Etching
Baths
I
I
Number
of
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
<l
hr,
~50
days
Med.=
l­
4
hrs,
50­
l
00
days
High=
>4
hrs,
Workers
MOO
days
Physical
Form
(per
plant)
Llquld
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
I
lecelving
Dock
X
*
l­
21
I
Low
.
x
JC
X
l­
27
Low
X
I
I
Varehouse
11x1
+Nicatic
IC
I
I
x
I
­­
I
I
I
I
x
I
I
.
­.
I
­.

>n
I
I
7
I
Med
I
i­
73
I
1
QW
X
lium?
X
I
l­
21
I
Low
X
.

`re­
mix
`ail
Disposal
Yter
X
X
I
x
l­
21
l­
21
?
Low
­
­
X
Low
X
Medium
X
I
I
I
I
1c
X
?
Medium
x
lackage
X
Medium
X
ihip
to
Etcher
I
Open
or
Closed
DpeT;;
ed
1
Comments
/

1
x
1
spills/
leakers
i
"
I
J
1
A
1
ITechnically
qualified
X
X
X
X
00026~
7
265
:
Point
of
Contact
1
­­
i=

Etcher
I
deceiving
Dock
Warehouse
I
Qrification
A­
X
Pre­
mix
1
Package
1
S
to
Etcher
~
/pe
of
Exposure
Dermal
Inhalation
4­
Exaosure
.
Information
­
Electronic
Etching
Baths
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
Cl
hr,
GO
days
Med.=
I­
4
hrs,
50400
days
Number
of
High=
>4
hrs,
Workers
MOO
days
(per
plant)

l­
2?

I­
27
7
l­
27
l­
21
I­
27
3
7
Low
Low
Medium?

Low
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Physical
Form
1
X
X
X
X
L
C
Ipen
or
Closed
SY
bpen
ISI
X
X
X
tern
I
Comments
X
Low
incidence
of
spills.

qualified
rchnicall
y
000268
2,66
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

000269
267
e
Household
Additive
Distribution
Chain
3M
Retail
Chains
I
Households
Contract
Cleaners
­4
Office
Buildings
Hospitals
Points
of
contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
tie
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
tech&
at
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

269
000271
Points
of
Contact
Formulator
Household
Additives
(cleaners,
polish,)

cl
QC
+
Receiving
Dock
1
I
Warehouse
I
*
Charge
MIix
Tank­
*
Maintenance
1
1
I
I
Fill
I
b
Maintenance
*

I
Package
7
I
Warehouse
I
.
I
Retail
4
ship
to
Retail
Customer
t
+
Polish
`I
Cleaner
End
Use
Households
End
Use
I
Polish
End
Use
Commercial
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochernicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

271
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
*IO0
days
Oral
IDermal
IInhalatIon
Physlcal
Form
(per
plant)
I
I
Llquld
ISolId
IAerorol
IVapor
I
I
I
Filling
Packaging
(leakers)

Shipping
(leakers)
X
X
X
Exposure
Information
­
Household
Additives
I
Number
of
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
*I
hr.,
60
days
Med.
a
I­
4
hrs,
50­
I
00
days
High=
~4
hrs.,
Open
or
Closed
System
Ipen
IClosed
I
Comments
Infrequent
Jlnfrequent
I
Infrequent
I
1
Infrequent
Y
000274
373
Exaaswe
Infcwmatian
­
Hnlrnnhnld
Adriitivnr
­­`
r­­­"
w.­.­­
l..­
m.­..
I.­­­­..­.­..­­._.__­

`oint
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
%aner­
Users
iousehold
x7
x
X?
lanitorial
(in­
house)
X?
X
X?
>ontract
Services
X?
x
X?
?=
Unsure
of
particle
size
Jsers
iousehold
4pptierlStripper
X
3y
X?
x
7
Janitorial
(in­
house)
4ppllerlStripper
X
X
ktaint.
(buffing)
X?
x
X?
3ry
X?
x
7
Estlmated
Exposure
Times
Low=
*l
hr.,
<5g
days
Med.=
I­
4
hrs,
SO­
100
days
Number
of
High=
~4
hrs.,
Open
or
Closed
Workers
MOO
days
Physical
Form
System
Comments
(per
plant)
Llquld
Solld
Aerorol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Low
X
X
Medium
X
X
Fewer/
greater
freq.
High
X
X
I
Great
freq.
­

Low
X
High
dust
Medium
X
More
freq.
Than
house
Medium
dust
dust
Zommercial
Sefv.
~pplierlstripper
Waint.
(buffing)
w
X
Nil
High
X
Slm.
To
Janito.
More
freq.
X?
x
X?
High
dust
X?
x
?
I
I
dust
oooz'i5
273
tJolnt
of
Contact
iOra,
~~~~;,
E~~~,
on
Cleaner
Add
to
Water
X.
Removal
from
Solution
X
Rinse
X
End
Use
x
x
Cleaner
X
I
I
I
Exposure
Information
­
I
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
4
hr.,
60
days
Med.=
l­
4
hrs,
50­
100
days
Number
of
Highs
>4
hrs.,
Workers
,100
days
(per
plant)

I
Low
,
Low
­y­
4$­
,
!
Medium
usehold
Additives
Physical
Form
System
Comments
I
I
I
I
.Iquld
;5.
lld
rl
$po
I
I
I
I
I
I
Open
or
Closed
)pen
Closed
0002T/
6
274
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
1000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
'
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochernical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

000277
275
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Volume
FC
Solids
Amount
%
Product
Process
or
End
Sold
in
FC
Resldu
Most
Likelv
Route
of
HA­
1
Code
Use
1997
Chemistry
Present
als
Use
Pattern
~C~
IUIMCC
Consum
Food
lndustrlal
lal
er
Dermal
Formulator
of
cleaner
X
X
I
Commercial
Cleaner
X
X
Formulator
of
commercial
floor
X
X
polish
Applier/
Stripper
X
polish
X
HA­
1
HA­
1
HA­
l
HA­
1
X
X
Major
use
is
X
X
X
commercial
X
X
X
X
x
­
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
Waste
Water
Diract
Inhalation
Ingestion
Landfill
on
Treatment
Water
X
X
X
Majority
of
use
i
commercial
X
x
x
cleaners.

.
es­­
A
..­..,
­I__­­­
­­
A
mm­­
..­
u
~IVUUGK
vwumss
ano
use
ranerns
Volume
FC
Solids
Amount
%
Product
Process
or
End
Sold
in
FC
Resldu
Code
Use
Most
Likely
Route
of
1997
Chemistry
Present
als
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
Waste
~OMWC
Consum
Indnerati
Water
Direct
Food
lndustrtal
ial
er
Dennal
lnhatatbn
lngestbn
Candfttt
on
Treatment
Water
Formulator
of
HA­
2
cleaner
X
X
X
X
X
HA­
2
End
use
cleaner
x
x
x
X
X
X
X
X
AA­
2
Formulator
of
,
polish
X
X'
low
X
polish
HA­
2
applier/
stripper
X
X
X
X
X
X
HA­
2
polish
End
Use
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
v
000279
Product
Code
HA­
3
HA­
3
Process
or
End
Use
formulator
End
use
cleaner
Ifoiume
FC
Sollds
Amount
Sold
in
FC
1997
Chemistry
Present
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
1
als
Use
Pattern
Exposure
c~
mm%
rc
Consum
Food
industrial
ial
er
Dermal
Inhalation
Ingestior
X
X
x
x
Environmental
Fate
Environmental
Fate
I
I
Waste
Waste
lncinerati
Water
Landfill
on
Treatment
LL
X
Comments
Direct
Water
000280
r
F
I
r
Process
or
End
Volume
%duct
Code
use
Sold
HA­
6
Formulator
of
polish
HA­
6
HA­
6
applier/
stripper
polish
end
use
polish
Chemistry
Amount
FC
Present
%
Reside
als
rot
l­

7
duct
Volumes
and
Use
Patte
Food
lndusldal
X
Use
Pattern
I
c
ansum
*r
X
Exfjzsure
Ro
jte
of
Dermal
lnhalatlon
lngestlor
low
low
Househ
old­
low
t
Janitoria
I
Commer
cial
Service­
low
high
1
ium
mediun
El
Landfill
ironm
ltiersl
on
X
X
X
ltal
Fate
Waste
Waler
Dhct
Treatment
Water
LL­
Comments
000281
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

280
Intermediates
Distribution
Chain
Formulator
of
000283
281
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

000284
282
Points
of
Contact
Reactor
Intermediates
I
Warehouse
I
QC
4
t
Reaction
Vessels
Packing
+ontainer
Disposal]

Maintenance
I
Ship
to
Custome
d
I
I
.

I
Reactor
­
residuals.
in
product
unknown
Customer
is
a
formulator
that
uses
surfactants
for
end
uses
similar
to
3M,
including
stiace
treatment
like
000285
283
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dental,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

284
`oint
of
Contact
Zeactor
ieceiving
2C
Mar&
house
staging
Tea&
ion
Vessels
Container
disPosal
blaintenance
32
`ackage
Ship
to
Customer
Type
of
Exposure
3ral
IDermal
iinhalation
X
X
Exposure
Information
­
Intermediates
Number
of
Workers
(per
plant)
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
<l
hr.,
<50
days
Med.=
14
hrs,
50­
100
days
High=
>4
hrs.,
MOO
days
Physical
Form
Liquid
ISolId
lAerosol
IVapor
I
I
I
1­
2
Low
x
x
1­
2
Low
x
x
1­
2
Low
.
x
x
.

7
Low?
x
x
?
Low?
x
x
7
Low?
x
x
l­
2
Low
X
1­
2
Low
X
?
Low
X
Low
X
Open
or
Closed
System
Comments
.ow
incidence
of
spills,
eakers
rechnically
qualified
.ow
incidence
of
spills,
eakers
rechnically
qualified
Low
incidence
of
spills
Formulator
­
similar
to
formulators
of
household
additives,
AFFF,
oil
well
surfactants,
etc.

End
use
­
similar
to
household
additives,
AFFF,
oil
well
surfactants,
etc.

`

I
000287
285
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
l
000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
*
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

000288
286
luct
Volumes
and
Use
Patte
PI
%
2esidt
als
n/
a
Irn
i
olume
FC
Solids
Sold
In
1997
Amount
FC
Present
Product
Code
Process
or
End
Use
Most
Likely
Route
of
ixposu
Dermal
inhalatiir
naestion
Use
f
tern
amen
Ial
Chemistry
Eli
Landfill
Ironmental
Fate
I
Waste
Comments
Direct
Water
Zonsun
er
ndnerau
Water
on
Treatment
X
X
X
X
FOOd
­

­
lndustrlal
X
X
Peactor
Chemics
Svnthesis
M­
1
X
lazardous
lazardous
X
Formulator
of
new
molecule
M­
1
WI
X
X
End
use
t
Product
Code
M­
2
Process
or
End
Amount
FC
­+­
Chemistry
Present
Product
Volumes
and
Use
PatteN
%
Residul
als
als
Use
Pattern
Use
Pattern
Ccinmerc
Consum
Ccinmerc
Consum
Food
Industrial
ial
Food
Industrial
ial
er
er
X
X
!
1
x
1
X
I
I
1
X
X
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Dermal
Inhalation
Ingesti
x
x
X
Envlronmental
Fate
I
Comments
Waste
lndnersti
Water
Direct
Landfill
on
Treatment
Water
hazardous
X
X
Product
Code
lM­
3
I#­
4
MA­
5
M­
3
IY­
4
IM
5
I
I
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
I
I
I
I
I
Volume
FC
I
Process
or
End
1
i$
dl
1
*Ent
1Reid.
I
I
Most
Likely
Route
of
Use
Use
1997
1997
Chemistry
Chemistry
Present
Present
als
als
Use
Pattern
Use
Pattern
~OIWW~
C
Consum
Food
industrial
Food
industrial
Id
er
er
Dental
Dental
Chemical
Synthesis
reacted
Chemical
Synthesis
reacted
into
polymer
Chemical
Synthesis
Chemical
Synthesis
Formulator
of
new
molecule
End
use
new
molecule
X
high
7
7
7
?
X
high
x
x
7
Exposure
?
?
?
7
3
low
low
7
7
lazardous
?

7
7
I
I
I
I
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

.

000292
290
Coating
Additives
Distribution
Chain
3M
I
1,
i
J
Coatings
Forrnulator
4
Finishexkoater
OEM
Assembler
for
Various
Uses
291
000253
Coatings
Distribution
Chain
3M
Formulator
`I
Hardware
Chains
v
Building
Contractors
Households
1
I
I
Commercial
Buildings
:
.,

292
000294
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.

293
Points
of
Contact
Coating
Additives
and
Inks
1
QC
Receiving
Dock
)

I
Warehouse
I
Pre­
dilution
1
I
Packing
1
I
Finisher
I
294
000296
Points
of
Contact
Finisher/
End
Use
­
Coating
Additives
and
Inks
I
1
I
I
1
QC
b­
1
Receiving
Dock
)
I
1
I
1
Warehouse
)

Roll
Transfer
Spread
or
brush
Others
Curing
*Factory/
commercially
applied
Coated
material
Points
of
Contact
Powder
Additive
Formulator
I
Warehouse
I
1
Master
Batching
I­
bicontainer
Disposal)

A
.

Filling
I
Packing
I
Surgical
Customer
1
Medical
Waste
1
Thickener
to
2nd
Formulator
000298
296
Points
of
Contact
Powder
Additive
­
2nd
Formulator
1
QC
b­
1
Receiving
Dock
1
Staging
Area
Weighing
QC
4
Mix
Tank
l
Maintenance
`

.

End
Use
Non­
Personal
Care
Products
Points
of
Contact
coating
QC
*
Receiving
Dock
I
Warehouse
I
Container
Disposal
I
I
Drying
Ii­+
c
I
'
\
I
I
Packing
I\
I
Repair
I\
'
+

Appliance
Assembly
I
`+

1
EndUse
1
0003GO
298
.
Points
of
Contact
Coating
*
QC
4
Mixing
I
Packing
I
Retail
Household
Application
.
I
000301
299
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
`X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potentia1
for
exposure
during
used.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochernical.
.
Closed
system:
is
defmed
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

c
300
000302
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Oral
(Dermai
(Inhalation
FORMULATOR
I
I
Warehouse
11x1
Staging
X
Pre­
dilution
X'

Container
disposal
Mixing
X
QC
~Filling
Packing
Shipping
X
X
X
FINISHER/
END
USER
Receiving
QC
Warehouse
X
,*
X
X
Application
1
/
X
)
X
Curing
h
Exposure
Information
­
Coating
Additives/
Inks
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
<I
hr.,
~50
days;
Med=
14
hrs.,
Number
of
50­
100
days;
Hlgh=>
4
Open
(
Workers
hrs,
MOO
days
Physlcal
Form
SY
(per
plant)
Liauid
ISolId
IAerosol
IVaaor
Ooen
I­
2
Low
X
1­
2
Low
X
X
1­
2
Low
X
7
?
X
X
?
.

7
?

7
Medium
.
X
X
Low
X
X
Medium?
X
X
Low
X
X
7
Medium?
X
X
7
Low
X
3
Low
X
7
Low
X?
X?

Low
X
r
Closed
stem
I
Comments
Closed
1
X
ILow
incidence
of
wills
X
I
Technically
qualified
ITechnically
qualified
I
X
ILow
incidence
of
spills
I
/o;
incidence
of
leakers,
x
Technically
qualified
Low
incidence
of
1
/pills/
leakers
X?
I
000303
~
Point
of
Contact
I­­
Formulator
Staging
Master
batching
Container
disposa
Blending
QC
Filling
Packing
Shipping
I
Expo
Number
of
Workers
(per
plant)
we
Informatic
I
­
Powder
Additive
Estimated
Sxposure
Times
­ow=
<I
hr.,
60
fays,
Med.=
I­
4
ws.,
50­
100
jays,
High=
>4
irs.,
MOO
days
Physical
Form
Low
Low
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
Low
Low
Powder
Powder
Powder
Powder
Open
or
Closed
System
I
Ipen
Closed
­­­
I­

­I::
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Comments
jpills
­
infrequent
`ethnically
qualified
Low
incidence
of
spills/
leakers
Low
incidence
of
spills
rechnically
qualified
­ow
incidence
of
leaken
­ow
incidence
of
leakers
000304
302
Exposure
Information
­
Powder
Additive
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
Cl
hr.,
GO
days,
Med.=
l­
4
hrs.,
50­
100
Number
of
days,
High=
a4
Open
or
Closed
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
hrs.,
*IO0
days
Physical
Form
System
Comments
Oral
Dermal
lnhalatlon
(per
plant)
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
(Closed
2nd
Formulator
Receiving
Dock
X
X
Low
Powder
X
Low
incidence
of
spills
QC
X
X
Low
Powder
X
Technically
qualified
Warehouse
X
X
Low
Powder
X
Low
incidence
of
spills
Weighing
Mix
Tank
Fill
Pack
Ship
X
X?
Medium
Powder
X
X
Medium
X
X
Medium
X
X
Medium
X
X
End
Use
1­
2
Low
Powder
X
Closed
Container
SPraY
X
X
Medium
X
X
(Electrostatic
i
I
I
I
I
Medium
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
000305
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X?

X
X
X?

X
Estimated
Exposure
Tlmes
Low=
cl
hr.,
60
days,
Med.=
I­
4
hrs.,
50­
100
Number
of
days,
High=
~4
hrs.,
Workers
>lOO
days
(per
plant)
1
I
Exposure
Information
­
Coatings
Physlcal
Form
3
I
7
!
7
!
7
I
7
!
!
Low
!
Low
­­­­
I+­
­­­
I­­­
X
X
X
Open
or
Closed
System
I
=­
I==

~
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
T
X
X
L­
I
X
Comments
.ow
incidence
of
8Dills
`echnicallv
aualified
.ow
incidence
of
mpills/
leakers
Exposure
Informatlon
­
Coating
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
cl
hr.,
Ml
days,
Med.=
I­
4
hrs.,
50­
100
Number
of
days,
Hlgh=
~4
hrs.,
Open
or
Closed
Point
of
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
workers
MOO
days
Physlcal
Form
System
Comments
Oral
)Dermal
IInhalatIon
(per
plant)
Llquld
Solld
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Recelvlng
(spills)
X
Low
X
Infrequent
QC
X
Medium
X
Warehouse
(spills)
X
Low
X
Infrequent
CoaUngs
'
X
*
High
x
*
X
Wxt
X
Low
x
x
X
Container
Disp.
X
Medium
X
QC
X
Low
X
Repair
X
X
Low
X
X?

Spot
Application
X
Low
X
X
Stripplng
X
Medium
X
X
Packing
X
Low
X
Appliance
Assy.
X
Low
X
End
Use
Low
X
000307
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
1000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
*
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

000308
306
Process
or
End
J
Formulator
of
CA­
1
coating
additive
CA­
1
End
use
`olume
FC
Sollds
Sold
In
1997
Amount
FC
­t
Chemistry
Present
PI
luct
Volumes
and
Use
Patte
%
qesidr
als
Use
Pattern
c0m~
r~
Consun
Food
industrial
ial
er
X
x
x
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
)ermal
lnhalatbn
Ingeslion
Environmental
I
I
Fate
lndnerau
Landtlll
on
t
Water
Treatment
X
I
X
I
x
1
I
I
x
1x1
7
Din?
cl
Waler
Comments
PI
Volume
FC
Solids
Amount
%
Product
Process
or
End
sold
in
FC
Resldl
Code
use
1997
Chemistry
Present
als
CA­
2
CA­
2
End
Use
Wetting
Agent
CA­
2
Formulator
of
coating
additive
CA­
2
1
End
use
I
I
I
I
CA­
2
1
rot
T
duct
Volumes
and
Use
Patte
FOOd
­

­

­
­
use
I
Industrial
X
X
ttern
0fnmep2
Consum
lal
er
X
X
X?
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Dermal
lnhalatbn
Ingestion
Envlronm
IllClll~
U
Landfill
on
X
X
X
btal
Fats
Waste
Water
Treatment
Product
Code
CA­
3
CA­
3
Process
or
End
Use
Formulator
of
coating
additives
Varied
uses
Product
Volumes
i
Amount
Volume
FC
%
Sold
Chemistry
Present
Reslduals
I
II
Food
Jse
Pattern
~dualri
CONTOW
Consun
al
cial
er
X
X
d
Use
Patterns
Most
Llkelv
Route
of
1
I
Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Environmental
Fate
Water
Water
lnhalatio
lnhalatio
tndnerati
Treatme
tndnerati
Treatme
Direct
Direct
Dermal
n
Dermal
n
Ingestion
Landfill
on
Ingestion
Landfill
on
nt
nt
Water
Water
Comments
Comments
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
x
x
x
r
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Product
Code
Process
Amount
or
End
Volume
FC
%
Use
Sold
Chemistry
Present
Residuals
Most
Likely
Route
of
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
Water
lndustri
Ccmmer
Consum
lnhalatio
Food
al
Incinereti
Treatme
Direct
CM
er
Dermal
n
lngestlon
Landfill
on
nt
Water
CA4
X
X
X
CA­
4
X
X
X
X
Itterns
roduct
Volumes
and
Use
Most
Likely
Route
of
Process
Product
Code
Jse
­

Rdusl
al
tterr
:omme
CM
rhalall
n
Chemistry
E
Landfill
X
rironl
tineral
on
X
mtal
Water
`reatmi
nt
Comments
Direct
W&
l
IngesUor
onsur
er
Food
Decal
X
Formulator
of
coaring
additives
X
CA­
S
CA­
S
X
X
­

X
CA.
6
X
X
X
X
­

000313
oduct
Volumes
and
Use
Pa
i
rtterns
Most
Likely
Route
of
Process
or
End
Use
Amount
FC
Present
Product
Code
Volume
Sold
%
Residuals
ttern
:ommo
CM
iron\
ntal
I
Nater
aatme
nt
Chemistry
Ise
I
­

ldustr
al
­

X
­
halatic
n
landfill
Comments
Direct
Water
Food
igestion
Tile
protector
formulator
CA­
6
Tile
protector
end
use
Formulato,
of
masonS
concrete
stucco
marble
coating
End
user
`ossib
le?
CA­
6
X
CA­
6
CA­
6
CA­
6
X
x
000314
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.
Carpet
Spot
Cleaner
Distribution
Chain
Formulator
Retail
Chain
Households
000316
314
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
l
000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
'
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

000317
315
Process
Product
or
End
Volume
1
Code
1
Use
1
Said
1
Chemistry
t
­­­­­
i
­­­
­
­
­
­
­
.
.
­.
.
.
I
I
CC­
I
Formulator
of
alkaline
cleaner
1
CC­
1
I
Cleaner
1
I
Amount
FC
Present
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
%
I
I
Most
Likely
Route
of
Residuals
Use
Pattern
lndustri
c~
rnme~
Food
al
del
ef
Oermal
n
lngertior
X
x
x
x
Environmental
Fate
Water
hcinera~
i
Treatme
Direct
Landfill
01\
nt
Water
Comments
x
x
x
X
X
000318
Distribution
Chain
This
diagram
represents
the
path
the
3M
product
takes
from
the
time
it
leaves
3M
to
its
ultimate
end
use.
It
represents
an
overview
of
the
significant
points
where
the
3M
product
may
be
handled
and
used.
This
distribution
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product
line;
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

,.
.<
3
317
Insecticide
Distribution
Chain
3M
Fortnulattir
v
,
v
Chemical
Manufacturer
4
v
Pesticide
Distributor
Retail
Chain
b
Agriculture
4
Households
.

,
:
­+*

318
Points
of
Contact
The
Points
of
Contact
diagram
details
the
path
the
product
takes
within
the
distribution
chain
starting
with
the
arrival
of
3M
product
at
the
3M
customer.
This
information
was
compiled
from
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace
based
on
3M
technical
service/
sales
visits
and
general
information
from
the
customer
interactions.
Points
of
Contact
Insecticides
I
1
I
I
1
QC
/+­­{
Receiving
Dock
1
­
.­

1
Warelfouse
1
I
`

1
+

QC
­
Mixing
Tank
dcontainer
Disposal
]
­­+/
Maintenance
1
r
I
Filling
Mixing
4
Packing
11
.
Retail
w
r
1
Household
.
1
Oil
Base
000322
320
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Points
of
Contact
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
Iikely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defmed
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
'
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Cornments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

321
000323
L@
9
Type
of
Exposure
Oral
/
Dermal
ralatlon
Number
of
Workers
(per
plant)

l­
2
l­
2
Exposure
lnformatlon
­
Insecticides
I
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=
<I
hr,
<SO
days;
Med.=
I­
4
hrs.,
SO­
100
days;
High=
*4
hrs.,
*lO(
Open
or
Closed
days
Physlcal
Form
System
CcGments
Liquid
Solld
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
I
I
I
I
­ow
incidence
of
Low
x
x
X
spills/
leakers
Technically
Low
I
XJXl
I
1
x
1
qualified
Warehouse
Mixing
Tank
Container
Disposal
Maintenance
QC
l­
2
7
7
?

l­
2
Low
incidence
of
Low
x
x
X
spills
Medium?
x
x
X
Low?
x
x
X
Low?
X
X
Low?
X
X
Filling
Packing
Shipping
K­
2
Mixing
Tank
Fill
Package
Distributors
End
Use­
Agriculture
Low
Low
Low?

Low?

Low?

Low
Low
X
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
Placed
in
isolated
X
X
locations
000324
c­
s­­..­
a
I­
C­..­­`,­­
I­,,,
A,,
lA­
A
Enposuru
1111011nut1011
­
IIIITuc;
IIGluull
Estimated
Exposure
Times
Low=*
1
hr,
60
days;
Med.=
14
hrs,
50­
100
days;
Point
of
Number
of
High=
>4
hrs.,
MOO
Open
or
Closed
Contact
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
days
Physlcal
Form
System
Comments
Oral
Dermal
Inhalation
(per
plant)
Liquid
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
Bait
trap
closed
3etail
Low
X
X
system
iousehold
­
Bait
trap
closed
salt
trap
Low
*
x
.
X
system
*

ICI­
1
Retail
Household
­
Bait
trap
Bait
tf8p
closed
X
system
Bait
trap
closed
X
system
000325
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
This
summary
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.

Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
or
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate.
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate.

Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M­
l
000)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochernical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
*
beginning
of
this
section.

Amount
of
Fluorochemical
Present:
The
fluorochemical
concentration
in
process
or
end
use.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochernicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sector
where
the
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Most
Likely
Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

000326
324
Product
Code
IC­
1
K­
1
Volume
FC
Solids
Process
or
End
Sold
In
USS
1997
Chemlstry
End
use­
bait
trap
1
I
.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Amount
%
FC
Resldu
Most
Likely
Route
of
Present
als
Use
Pattern
Exposu
Commsrc
Consum
Food
lnduslrtal
ial
er
Dermal
Inhalation
X
X
.
x
low
low
I
Envlronmental
Fate
Comments
Waste
tlU.
illl?
mU
Waler
Direct
ingestion
Landtlll
on
Treatment
Water
hazardous
X
IDW
X
x
3
.
.
.
Volume
F(
Solids
Product
Process
or
End
Sold
in
Code
use
1997
K­
2
Formulator
of
insecticide
K­
2
Insecticide
Chemlstry
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
Amount
%
FC
Residu
Most
Likely
Route
of
Present
als
Use
Pattern
Exposure
Comrnerc
Consum
Food
lnduslrial
ial
er
Dermal
Inhalation
lngestior
X
X
I
X
I
I
f
I
Fate
Environmental
I
I
Inchare
Landfill
on
~
X
X
Waste
Water
Treatment
II
t
I
Comments
I
olract
Waler
Disposal
is
direct
to
land,
eaten
by
leaf
cutter
ants.
LOW
.­

000328
Paper
and
Packaging
Business
Fluorochemical
Use,
Distribution
and
Release
Overview
Ul2/
99
000329
327
Foreword
This
report
is
a
comprehensive
look
at
exposure
to
3M's
fluorochemicals
in
Paper
and
Packaging
business.
It
attempts
to
answer
the
following
questions.

l
What
products
are
customers
exposed
to?

l
Where
does
exposure
happen?

l
What
type
of
exposure
is
it?

The
3M
fluorochemical
business
is
complex
and
global.
Markets
served
are
highly
fragmented
involving
multiple
3M
products
that
are
applied
to
multiple
substrates,
sold
into
multiple
market
segments
and
used
for
multiple
end
products.

Sources
Information
for
this
report
was
developed
solely
from
internal
3M
sources.
These
include:

l
Knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
from
field
sales
and
technical
personnel.

l
Best
estimates
of
end­
use
applications
from
known
customer
activities.

l
Internal
sales
reports.

l
Knowledge
of
worldwide
activities
(where
applicable)
by
St
Paul­
based
personnel.

How
To
Read
This
ReDort
Situation
Analysis:
Provides
background
on
business
and
products.

Distribution
Chain
and
Points
of
Contact:
Follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
throughout
the
distribution
chain
to
fmal
end
user.
Objective
is
to
identify
all
points
of
contact
with
the
fluorochemical
­
from
arrival
on
customer's
loading
dock
through
product
usage
and
disposal.

Exposure
Information
Charts:
Attempts
to
quantify
type
and
length
of
exposure
and
number
of
workers
exposed
to
fluorochemicals
within
the
distribution
chain.

2/
12/
99
328
000350
Table
of
Contents
I.
Chemical
Names
II.
Situation
Analysis
A.
Business
Definition
B.
Product
Portfo5o
C.
Market
Definition
D.
Customer
Definition
E.
Fluorochemical
application
Methods
F.
U.
S.
Paper
Mill
Locations
G.
Global
Product
Volumes
(1997)

III.
Exposure
Information
A.
Supply
Chain
Flow
Chart
B.
Process
Flow
Chart
C.
Tote/
Drum
Recovery
Cycle
Flow
Chart
D.
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
E.
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
000331
2/
12/
99
329
._~­._­_.
Chemical
Names
The
following
is
a
list
of
Chemical
Abstract
Services
(CAS)
names
and
numbers
for
individual
products.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Generic
Code:
Indicates
an
internal
3M
designation
of
the
product(
s).

CAS
Number:
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
number(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
WAC
names
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist):
Indicates
the
Chemical
Abstracts
Services
name(
s)
of
fluorochemicals
contained
within
each
product.

Chemical
Class:
Indicates
a
shortened,
generic
chemical
name.

000332
330
Chemical
Names
.

Code
CAS
Number
30381­
98­
7
pp­
1,
pp­
2,
67g6g­
6g­
1
PP­
3
1691­
99­
2
2250­
98­
8
Chemical
Name
(complete
CAS
name
or
IUPAC
name
if
CAS
name
does
not
exist)

Paper
and
Packaging
I­
Octanesulfonamide,
N,
N'­[
phosphlnicobis(
oxy­
2,
l­
ethanediyl)]
bis[
N­
ethyl­
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­,
ammonium
salt
1
­Octanesulfonamlde,
N­
ethyl­
l
,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­
N­[
2­
(phosphonooxy)
ethyl]­,
diammonium
salt
1
­Octanesulfonamide,
N­
ethyl­
l
,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­
N­(
2­
hydroxyethyl)
I­
Octanesulfonamide,
N,
N',
N"­[
phosphinylidynetris(
oxy­
2,1­
ethanediyl)]
tris[
N­
ethyl­
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8­
heptadecafluoro­
Chemical
Class
Fluorochemical
Salt­
l
Fluorochemical
Salt­
2
Fluorochemical
Alcohol­
l
Fluorochemical
PP­
4,
PP­
5
Ethanaminium,
N,
N,
N­
trimethyl­
2­[(
2­
methyl­
l­
oxo­
2­
propenyl)
oxy]­,
chloride,
polymer
with
2­
Alcohol­
2
92265­
81­
1
ethoxyethyl2­
propenoate,
2­[[(
heptadecafluorooctyl)
sulfonyl]
methylamino]
ethyl
2­
propenoate
F,
uorochemical
and
oxiranylmethyl2­
methyl­
2­
propenoate
Acrylate­
14
.

PP­
6.
PP­
7
.
.

000333
Situation
Analysis
Paper
and
Packaging
Business
1
Business
Definition
1
The
PCP
Paper
and
Packaging
Business
Unit
provides
fluorochemical
sizing
agents
to
two
broad
industry
categories:
the
Packaging
Industry
and
the
Paper
Industry.
The
fluorochemical
sizing
agents
impart
grease,
oil,
and
water
resistance
to
paper
and
paperboard
substrates,
which
are
used
for
a
number
of
end
use
applications
that
include:

*
Flexible
or
lightweight
papers
primarily
for
bags,
wraps
and
micro
flute
containers.
*
Board
made
from
recycled
fiber
used
for
folding
cartons.
*
Solid
bleached
board
for
folding
cartons.
*
Molded
pulp
products
for
plates
and
food
containers.
*
Formulators
that
blend
FC's
with
other
agents,
such
as
varnishes
and
lacquers,
and
sell
to
the
converting
industry.
*
Business
and
specialty
papers
for
carbonless
forms
and
masking
papers.

1
Product
Portfolio
1
The
product
portfolio
includes
products
regulated
for
direct
food
contact
(under
CFR
176.170)
and
non­
food
contact
products.

PP­
I
Crease
and
oil
repellent
Ammonium
bis(
N­
ethyl­
2­
perfluoroalkylsulfonamido
ethyl)
phosphates
PP­
2
Grease,
oil
and
water
repellent
Perfiuoroalkyl
acrylate
copolymer
of
ethanaminium,
N,
N,
N­
trimethyl­
2­[(
2­
methyl­
l­
oxo­
2­
propenyl)­
oxo)­,
chloride;
2­
propenoic
acid
,2
methyl­,
oxiranylmethyl
ester;
2­
propenoic
acid,
2­
ethoxyethyl
ester;
and
2­
propenoic
acid,
2[[(
heptadecafluoro­
octyl)
sulfonyl]
methyl
ammo]
ethyl
ester.

Non­
Food
Contact
Product
PP­
3
Water
and
solvent
repellent
Perfluoroalkyl
acrylate
copolymer
of
2­
propenoic
acid,
2
methyl­,
polyoxyethylene
(3350)
diester;
and
2­
propenoic
acid,
2[[(
heptadecafluoro­
octyl)
su.
ifonyl]
methyl
amino]
ethyl
ester.

202199
332
000334
_­­­
:I
1
Market
Definition
1
The
Paper
and
Packaging
business
unit
defines
it
markets
by
the
following
segments:
­­
Lightweight
papers
­­
Recycled
paperboard
(CCN)
­­
Bleached
paperboard
(SBS)
­­
Unbleached
paperboard
(SUS)
­­
Formulators
(Coatings)
­­
Business
papers
(carbonless
forms)
­­
Molded
pulp
(paper
plates)
Fluorochemicals
are
sold
into
each
of
these
market
segments.

1
Customer
Definition
1
The
Paper
and
Packaging
sales
channel
includes
paper
mills,
converters,
end
users,
and
formulators.
The
definition
of
each
customer
within
the
channel
is:
A.
Paper
mills
­
use
fluorochemicals
to
treat
paper
fibers
during
the
paper
or
paperboard
manufacturing
process.
B.
Converters
­
convert
fluorochemically
treated
paper
and/
or
paperboard
into
wraps,
bags,
cartons,
etc.,
for
desired
end
use.
C.
End
users
­
specify
or
use
fluorochemically
treated
paper
or
paperboard
for
use
in
their
paper
or
package
requirements.
D.
Formulators
­
blend
fluorochemicals
with
other
agents,
such
as
varnishes
and
lacquers,
and
market
coatings
that
can
be
applied
to
paper
and
paperboard
during
the
converting
process.

1
Fluorochemical
Application
Methods
Fluorochemicals
can
be
applied
to
paper
and
paperboard
substrates
during
the
manufacturing
process
or
converting
operation,
using
different
application
methods:

Paner
Mill
The
application
points
for
the
fluorochemical
at
the
paper
mill
can
include:
­­
Wet
end
of
the
paper
machine
­
Size
press
­­
Calender
stack
­­
Clay
coating
Converter
or
Off­
Machine
Coating
Operation
Fluorochemical
can
be
applied
using
various
types
of
coating
or
printing
equipment.

Approximately
95%
of
the
fluorochemicals
used
in
the
paper
and
packaging
industrybare
applied
during
the
papermaking
process
at
the
paper
mill.
It
is
estimated
that
73%
of
the
fluorochemical
used
by
US
paper
mills
is
applied
via
the
size
press.

2/
12/
99
333
000335
000336
c
334
Global
Product
Volumes
I
The
table
on
the
following
page
provides
the
global
volume
of
3M
fluorochemical
sold
in
the
Paper
and
Packaging
business
(in
1997)
and
the
estimated
breakdown
by
application
process
used.
Volume
information
is
compiled
using
1997
annual
shipments
and
3M
sales
and
technical
personnel
best
estimates
of
application
methods.

Fluorochemcial
usage
is
reported
by
application
method,
product
family,
and
geographic
region.
The
product
volumes
are
reported
in
M
(000's)
pounds
of
product
solids.

Application
i%
fethod
SP
­
size
press
on
the
paper
machine
CS
­
calender
stack
on
the
paper
machine
CC
­
clay
coating
applied
during
paper
making
process
WE
­
wet
end
of
the
paper
machine
FM
­
formulator
OM
­
off­
machine
coating
operations
Product
Familv
The
complete
chemical
description
for
each
of
these
products
is
listed
in
the
Situation
Analysis
under
Product
Portfolio.
PP­
1
Grease
and
oil
repellent
­
FC
aliphatic
ammonium
salt.
PP­
2
Grease,
oil
and
water
repellent
­
FC
copolymer.
PP­
3
Water
and
solvent
repellent
­
FC
copolymer
for
business
papers.

Geograuhic
Region
United
States
Europe
Canada
Latin
America
Asia
Pacific
(APAC)

242199
000337
335
.
__
000338
336
Exposure
Assessment
Paper
and
Packaging
Business
The
Exposure
information
in
Paper
and
Packaging
follows
the
path
of
a
3M
fluorochemical
throughout
the
distribution
chain
f?
orn
product
shipment
from
a
3M
manufacturing
location
to
disposal
of
the
FC
treated
paper
or
paperboard.
The
"Overall
Flow
Chart"
provides
a
picture
of
the
distribution
chain
and
identifies
potential
sources
of
environmental
or
industrial
hygiene
exposure.

Potential
sources
of
exposure
to
the
product
in
concentrated
or
diluted
form
is
identified
in
"Tote/
Drum
Recovery
Cycle"
and
"Supply
Chain
Flow
Chart"
diagrams.
The
"Paper
Mill
Process
Flow
Chart"
provides
additional
information
in
regards
to
potential
chemical
exposure
to
workers
in
the
paper
mill.

The
information
contained
in
this
section
was
developed
solely
from
internal
3M
sources.
The
knowledge
of
product
handling
and
use
practices
from
technical
and
field
sales
personnel
was
integral
to
this
development.

2/
12/
99
000339
337
.
.

The
supply
chain
flow
chart
illustrates
the
fhrorochemical
product
delivery
to
the
mill,
use
in
the
mill
process
to
make
fluorochemical
treated
paper
or
paperboard,
followed
by
converting
to
a
useful
roll
size.
Additionahy,
the
mill
converted
robs
are
shipped
to
a
"convertti
that
produces
a
usefuf
package
construction
(eg.
multi­
wall
bags).
The
converter
ships
empty
packages
to
the
end
user
for
fiIhng
or
use.
The
filled
bags
are
shipped
to
points
of
distribution
(eg.
stores)
to
be
sold
to
consumers.

.

During
this
process,
the
potentiai
for
release
or
contact
occurs
at
the
r&
I
(eg.
air,
water,
scrap
paper,
product
contact),
at
the
converter
(eg.
scrap
for
recycle),
at
the
end
user
(eg.
scrap),
and
at
the
consumer
(eg.
waste,
product
contact).

The
supply
chain
represents
the
typical
use
of
the
product,
not
every
product
will
go
through
each
step.
This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
of
the
marketplace.

(FulI
page
"Supply
Chain
Flow
Chart"
follows
on
the
next
page).

338
000340
bi
)
a
Paper
and
Packaging
Supply
Chain
Flow
Chart
Other
losses
(x)
f­­­­­­­­­­

Fluorochemical
(100%)
I
Fluorochemical
from
recycled
(x)

i..
Lost
t
o
Air
(x)

t/
Polenfiuf
ntuintenance
Lost
to
Air(
x)

exposure
(x)
Lost
to
Ground
Water
(x)
A
Filters
Scrubbers
,

Ducts
+
Landfill
f­

Shielding
Lost
t
o
Air
(x)
I
A
Potential
exposure:
maintenance
Trim
stock
I
incinerator
by­
product
@h)

Industrial
Process
)
Converting
­tank
washes
­spills
­bad
batches
­grade
changes
­breaks
V
Waste
Water
Environment
Municipal
Treatment
+
Incineration
+L*
st
t*
Air
(I)
A
1
Fluoroche~
ical
Lost
to
Environmental
Water(
x)
I
I
i
i
1
1
,.
,,,.
*
,..,.....
*
,............
I...............
I
.
.
.
.
,I
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
I...
.I..
s
.
.
.
.
.
.
*
I.....
I......*...*.**.......
.
.
.
.
*
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..**,**..*.........*...*..
.
.
.
.
*.*.,.*
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
1....*
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,,.,.,...
.,.
,...,,,.
*
.
.
.
.

nnn9h­
l
Totes
of
ffuorochemical
product
anive
at
the
paper
mill
receiving
dock
and
are
stored
in
designated
areas.
For
use
in
treating
paper
webs,
each
tote
is
moved
near
the
makedown
area
for
pumping
to
a
tank.
In
some
cases,
direct
pumping
of
the
fluorochemical
to
a
size
press
operation
occur.
The
fIuorochemicaI
is
tYpically
applied
in
a
0.5
to
1%
(ffuorochemical
w/
w)
concentration
in
a
starch/
water
solution.
After
the
paper
web
is
treated,
the
water
is
evaporated
via
numercus
steam
heated
dryer
cans
and
coIIected
on
a
reel.
The
reel
is
then
transported
to
a
converting
line,
where
the
parent
reeI
is
slit
down
to
a
converting
size
roll
for
shipment
to
the
converter.

For
wet
end
apphcations,
the
fIuorochemica1
product
is
directly
pumped
to
the
pulp
slurry
prior
to
forming
(either
molded
pulp
or
paper
machine).
Forming
is
the
process
of
retaining
fibers
and
draining
water
to
form
a
usable
article
or
web.
FoIlowing
the
forming
the
manufacturing
process
includes
pressing
and
drying,
similar
to
that
described
above.
Molded
articles
do
not
have
a
converting
operation.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
fIuorochemica1
products.

(FuIl
page
"Paper
Mill
Process
Flow
Chart"
follows
on
the
next
page).

000342
­

340
.
w
P
­1
Paper
and
Packaging
Paper
Mill
Process
Flow
Chart
Lost
to
air
(X)

t
1
nical
containers
I
100%
fluorochet
z
Drufla
I
l­
7
:
I
!

'
­r­­
l
I
:I
Potential
dermal
exposure
due
to
tote
spillage.
Potential
inha
dermal
expose
spillage,
foarr
up.
i
i
i
:
!
I
t
I
:
i
:
f
i
To
Waste
Water
L
Process
Size
Press
Calender
Stack
Coater
/
LAS
Wet
End
Molded
Pulp
;
Vent
System
i
&
!
I
I
Potential
inhalation
&
rmal
9
exposure
due
to
spillage,
foam,
clean­
up
or
grade
chanie.

1
i
i
1
:
I
I
:
I
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
i
Lost
to
Air
(X)

3
Potential
exposure
,
during
maintenance.

Dryer
Section
­­)
Converting
ag
*
­­+#
i
5:
1
Potential
inhalation
exposure.

000343
.
.

In
the
totehinrm
recovery
cycle,
totes
or
drums
are
distributed
to
the
miI.
l
where
the
fluorochemical
product
is
used
in
the
noted
paper
mill
process.
Aver
the
product
has
been
consumed
in
the
process,
the
tote
or
drum
is
returned
to
3M
or
sent
to
a
contract
vendor
for
cleaning.
The
bottom
of
the
empty
tote
or
drum
could
contain
an
inch
of
residue
as
leftover
product.
The
totes
or
drums
that
are
cleaned
at
the
contract
vendor
are
returned
to
the
3M
for
reuse.

(Full
page
"Tote/
Drum
Recovery
Cycle
Flow
Chart"
fotlows
on
the
next
page).

000344
342
Paper
and
Packaging
Tote/
Drum
Recovery
Cycle
Flow
Chart
Loss
to
Air(
x)
Loss
to
Air
(x)

y.­
kiiLl­*
flue
ochemical
Material
Manufac
red
I
I
customer
I
is
=\
.:
L
L
t
I
Empty
totes/
drums
delivered
to
contract
vendor
(contains
residue)
Potential
exposure
­+
during
reclamation
process.

­
1
piiisq
000345
Product
Volumes
and
Use
Patterns
The
Product
Volume
and
Use
Patterns
is
based
on
individual
products.
It
is
a
description
of
the
application,
chemistry,
use
pattern,
exposure
and
environmental
fate.

Product
Code:
Generic
product
description.

Application,
Process
or
End
Use:
The
perspective
from
which
exposure
was
assessed.
The
route
of
exposure,
the
concentration
of
fluorochemical,
the
use
pattern
and
the
environmental
fate
may
vary
with
application
process
or
end
use
­
products
can
be
used
for
more
than
one
application.
Generally
the
following
definitions
apply:
Process:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
in
another
product.
Application:
use
of
fluorochemical
containing
product
to
treat
a
substrate
End
Use:
use
of
treated
substrate
Volume
FC
Solids
Sold
in
1997:
Pounds
of
fluorochemical
solids
sold
in
1997.
(M=
lOOO)

Chemistry:
Generic
description
of
fluorochemical
ingredients.
Full
chemical
names
are
listed
at
the
beginning
of
this
section.

%
Residuals:
Sum
total
of
concentration
of
the
mixture
of
fluorochemicals
that
are
unreacted
or
partially
reacted
starting
materials
or
intermediates.

Use
Pattern:
Indicates
the
major
sectors
where
product
is
used;
food,
industrial,
commercial,
and
consumer.

Route
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Environmental
Fate:
Identifies
the
most
likely
disposal
route
for
the
product;
landfill,
incineration,
waste
water
treatment,
and
directly
to
water.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

`.
t
000346
"!
o
PRODUCT
VOLUMES
AND
USE
PATTERNS
Global
Product
Process
or
Volume
Code
End
Use
Sold
Chemlstty
%
Residuals
Use
Pattern
Route
of
Exposure
Environmental
Fate
Comments
lndustri
COIINIWCI
Conaum
lnhalatio
Food
al
al
Waste
Water
er
Dermal
n
Ingestion
Landfill
Incineration
Treatment
Direct
Water
PP­
1
Size
Press
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
application
Calendar
PP­
1
Stack
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
application
Clay
PP­
I
Coating
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
application
PP­
1
Wet
End
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
application
PP­
1
Formulator
from
X
X
application
PP­
1
Off
Machine
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
PP­
2
Size
Press
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
Calendar
PP­
2
Stack
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
application
PP­
2
Wet
End
scrap
from
i
c
PP­
3
Off
Machine
X
scrap
from
X
recycled
application
Finished
Paper
or
Goods
Paperboard
PP­
1
or
PP­
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
See
FDA
risk
assessment
Finished
Goods
Paper
PP­
3
X
X
X
X
3M
Fluorochemical
Exposure
Information
From
the
Supply
Chain
flow
chart,
each
step
in
the
customer
use
process
is
isolated
in
the
Point
of
Contact
chart.
All
information
is
based
on
the
use
and
handling
of
3M
fluorochemicals,
materials
containing
3M
fluorochemicals
and
articles
treated
with
3M
fluorochemicals.
The
following
information
is
presented:

Point
of
Contact:
Describes
individual
steps
in
the
use
pattern.

Type
of
Exposure:
Identifies
three
potential
routes
of
exposure;
ingestion,
dermal,
and
inhalation.
Marks
the
most
likely
route
of
exposure
with
an
"X".

Estimated
Number
of
Workers:
Indicates
the
number
of
workers
who
may
have
potential
for
exposure
during
used.

Estimated
Exposure
Time:
Indicates
the
amount
of
time
that
workers
potentially
may
be
exposed
during
use.

Physical
Form:
Indicates
the
physical
state
(liquid,
solid,
aerosol,
or
vapor)
of
the
product
at
time
of
exposure.

Open
or
Closed
System:
Open
system:
is
defined
as
one
that
allows
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.
Closed
system:
is
defined
as
one
that,
under
normal
conditions,
does
not
allow
workers
to
come
in
direct
contact
with
3M
fluorochemical.

Comments:
Provides
additional
descriptive
information.

This
information
is
based
on
3M
internal
knowledge
and
best
estimates
on
how
customers
handle
3M
fluorochemical
products.
Information
was
compiled
from
available
3M
sources
including
sales,
technical
service,
marketing
and
regulatory
expertise.

00034
8
346
Point
of
Contact
­

Paper
Mill
Loading
Dock
Mix
Preparation
Oirect
Metering
Batch
Metering
5
Application
Size
Press
Calender
Stack
Clay
Coaling
Wet
End
Off
Machine
Dryer
Section
Maintenance
Converting
Inspection
Point
of
Contact
Chart
­
Mill
,

Number
of
Type
of
Exposure
Workers
Open
or
Closed
Exposure
Times
Physlcal
Form
System
Comments
HrslDay
OayaNear
<l
=
Low
6o=
Low
l­
4
=
medium
50­
100
a
medium
Oral
Dermal
lnhalallon
(per
Ilne)
,4
=
Hlgh
,100
=
Hlgh
llquld
Solid
Aerosol
Vapor
Open
Closed
X
1
L
L
X
X
very
low,
only
If
aputed.
Cancentraled
pfoducl
X
1
L
H
X
X
Concenlra~
product
X
1
M
H
X
X
Corwtratad
product
I
DuuIa
product
PP.
1.
PP*
2,
PP.
3
3
L
H
X
X
PP­
1
X
3
L
M
X
x
x
PP­
1,
aleam
vapor
2
L
M
X
X
PP.
1
2
L
M
X
X
PP­
1)
PP.
2
3
L
M
X
X
PP­
3
X
3
L
PotenUal
vdatlllzed
Ii
x
x
X
nskiuals.

X
2
M
L
X
x
~~­

X
4
L
H
X
X
,
x
,
1
1
M
H
X
,
x
.~
_­...

­
­.
~.
b
000849