Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2003-0002-0042
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-03-12T05:00Z

Literature
Search
Regarding
Detection
and
Quantitation
Limit
Concepts
June
2002
Introduction
Beginning
in
2001,
DynCorp
staff
conducted
a
search
of
published
literature
to
identify
articles
that
discuss
detection
and
quantitation
limit
concepts.
This
literature
search
effort
was
conducted
under
EPA
Contract
No.
68­
C­
01­
091
to
support
an
evaluation
of
detection
and
quantitation
limit
concepts
by
the
EPA
Office
of
Water.

The
principal
goal
of
this
literature
search
effort
was
to
determine
if
any
new
detection
or
quantitation
limit
concepts
had
been
published
in
the
literature
since
an
earlier
search
conducted
for
EPA
by
Science
Applications
International
Corporation
(
SAIC)
in
1997
and
1998.
That
search
resulted
in
an
annotated
bibliography
developed
by
SAIC
and
delivered
to
EPA
in
1998.

The
results
of
the
DynCorp
literature
search
are
summarized
in
Attachment
1.

How
the
search
was
conducted
This
search
was
conducted
using
two
major
techniques:

 
a
search
of
an
on­
line
citation
index
(
an
index
of
articles
cited
by
other
authors)
and
 
a
general
on­
line
search
of
published
literature.

On­
line
citation
index
search
Because
the
search
was
intended
to
identify
detection
and
quantitation
limit
concepts
and
not
specific
numeric
limits
associated
with
a
particular
analytical
method,
DynCorp
began
by
searching
for
references
to
the
major
concepts
known
to
EPA.
These
included
the
Agency s
method
detection
limit
(
MDL)
and
any
other
terms
that
have
been
suggested
to
the
Agency
as
alternative
detection
or
quantitation
limit
concepts.
In
addition
to
searching
for
these
concepts,
DynCorp
also
searched
the
citation
index
to
identify
references
to
the
original
authors
of
these
concepts
and
for
any
other
authors
who
either
cited
the
original
concepts,
the
original
papers
underlying
those
concepts,
or
the
authors
of
those
concepts.
DynCorp
used
a
similar
approach
to
find
any
papers
that
cited
the
references
identified
in
the
earlier
literature
search
by
SAIC.

DynCorp
staff
evaluated
the
full
title
of
each
identified
citation
to
determine
its
relevance
to
EPA s
objective.
Where
available
electronically
and
at
no
additional
cost,
DynCorp
staff
also
reviewed
the
abstract
and/
or
full
paper
to
further
characterize
relevance.
All
papers
that
were
determined
to
be
relevant,
or
even
possibly
relevant,
were
obtained
in
hardcopy
or
electronic
format
for
evaluation
by
EPA.

After
reviewing
all
papers
determined
to
be
relevant
to
EPA s
objective,
DynCorp
examined
all
of
the
references
cited
in
those
papers
to
identify
additional
papers
of
interest.
These,
too,
were
obtained
in
hardcopy
or
electronic
format
for
evaluation
by
EPA,
except
where
noted
below
General
on­
line
literature
search
DynCorp
performed
an
on­
line
direct
search
of
published
literature
(
e.
g.,
a
literature
database
of
published
articles,
not
a
citation
index)
using
general
terms
such
as
"
detection
limit,"
"
quantitation
limit,"
or
"
calibration."
As
expected,
this
approach
returned
a
very
large
numbers
of
papers
that
mention
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
1
June
2002
these
terms,
even
if
the
focus
of
the
paper
was
on
something
far
removed
from
the
development
or
assessment
of
concepts
about
detection
and
quantitation,
and
proved
to
be
of
limited
value
in
serving
EPA s
objectives
for
the
search.
Therefore,
DynCorp
discontinued
this
effort
and
narrowed
the
on­
line
literature
search
to
a
search
for
additional,
uncited
works
by
authors
of
the
concepts
known
to
EPA
or
identified
through
the
citation
index
approach.

Papers
determined
to
be
relevant
to
EPA s
objective
were
obtained
in
electronic
or
hardcopy
format
for
evaluation
by
EPA,
except
where
noted
below.

How
the
results
are
presented
DynCorp
identified
a
total
of
160
relevant
publications
using
the
approach
described
above.
Thirty­
three
(
33)
of
these
publications
were
also
identified
in
the
earlier
search
by
SAIC.
Of
the
127
remaining
publications,
35
were
published
since
the
SAIC
search
was
completed.

Each
of
the
160
publications
identified
in
the
search
is
listed
in
Attachment
1,
which
provides
the
title,
year
of
publication,
authors,
and
source
citation.
The
citations
for
the
33
papers
identified
in
the
earlier
search
by
SAIC
are
included
in
the
attachment,
and
can
be
identified
by
the
phrase
"
annotated
only"
in
parentheses
after
the
title
of
the
paper.

The
final
column
of
the
attached
spreadsheet
is
labeled
"
Category."
All
of
the
citations
identified
in
the
SAIC
literature
search
and
the
current
search
conducted
by
DynCorp
were
placed
in
one
of
the
six
following
categories,
based
on
the
principal
characteristic
of
the
article:

 
Background
­
The
citation
discusses
background
information
(
including
early
works
by
Currie,
Kaiser,
and
others).
 
Calibration
concept
­
The
citation
primarily
deals
with
calibration
of
analytical
instrumentation
 
Critique
­
The
major
thrust
of
the
citation
is
to
critique
one
or
more
concepts,
as
opposed
to
introducing
a
new
concept
 
Multi­
laboratory
concept
­
The
citation
describes
an
approach
to
developing
detection
and/
or
quantitation
limits
that
relies
on
multi­
laboratory
measurements
 
Single­
laboratory
concept
­
The
citation
describes
an
approach
to
developing
detection
and/
or
quantitation
limits
that
relies
on
single­
laboratory
measurements
 
Single­
laboratory,
multi­
level
concept
­
The
citation
describes
an
approach
to
developing
detection
and/
or
quantitation
limits
that
relies
on
single­
laboratory
measurements
but
explicitly
includes
multiple
concentrations.

Although
there
is
some
degree
of
overlap
between
categories,
and
some
papers
could
probably
be
classified
in
more
than
one
category,
each
citation
was
classified
into
only
one
category
for
the
purposes
of
this
search.

A
seventh
category
called
"
Not
found"
was
used
for
three
papers
that
were
identified
in
the
literature
search,
but
copies
of
which
could
not
readily
be
obtained.
One
paper
is
from
a
German
journal
that
was
not
available
via
interlibrary
loan.
A
second
article
was
also
not
available
via
interlibrary
loan.
The
third
citation
is
an
abstract
by
Currie,
from
1983.
Given
that
the
work
of
Currie
is
well­
represented
in
the
other
citations
and
the
fact
that
this
citation
appears
to
be
only
an
abstract,
additional
efforts
were
not
expended
to
obtain
a
copy.

The
references
presented
in
Attachment
1
were
sorted
by
category
and
year
of
publication
and
are
displayed
with
the
most
recent
citations
in
each
category
first.

Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
2
June
2002
Summary
The
principal
goal
of
this
literature
search
effort
was
to
determine
if
any
new
detection
or
quantitation
limit
concepts
had
been
published
in
the
literature
since
the
search
by
SAIC
in
1997­
1998.
As
anticipated,
citations
were
identified
that
relate
to
the
recent
efforts
of
the
International
Organization
for
Standardization
(
ISO),
the
International
Union
of
Pure
and
Applied
Chemists
(
IUPAC),
and
the
American
Society
for
Testing
and
Materials
(
ASTM).
Additional
articles
critiquing
various
concepts
were
identified
as
well.

However,
no
previously
unknown
detection
or
quantitation
limit
concepts
were
uncovered
as
a
result
of
this
effort.

Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
3
June
2002
ATTACHMENT
1
Results
of
the
Literature
Search
Regarding
Detection
and
Quantitation
Limit
Concepts
June
2002
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Some
Case
Studies
of
Skewed
(
and
other
ab­
normal)
Data
2001
L.
A.
Currie
Fresenius
Journal
of
Analytical
Chemistry
370:
705­
718
Background
Distributions
Arising
in
Low­
Level
Environmental
Research
Legislative
Limits
Below
Detection
Capability
2000
S.
L.
R.
Ellison,
V.
J.
Barwick,
A.
Accreditation
Quality
Assurance
5:
308­
313
Background
Williams
International
Recommendations
Offered
on
Analytical
1999
L.
A.
Currie
Analytica
Chimica
Acta
391:
103
Background
Detection
and
Quantification
Concepts
and
Nomenclature
Detection
and
Quantifation
Limits:
Origins
and
Historical
1999
L.
A.
Currie
Analytica
Chimica
Acta
391:
127­
134
Background
Overview
1996
ASMS
Fall
Workshop:
Limits
to
Confirmation,
1997
R.
Baldwin,
R.
A.
Bethem,
R.
K.
Boyd,
Journal
of
the
American
Society
for
Mass
Spectrometry
8:
1180­
Background
Quantitation,
and
Detection
W.
L.
Budde,
T.
Cairns,
R.
D.
Gibbons,
1190
J.
D.
Henion,
M.
A.
Kaiser,

Measurement
precision
and
1/
f
Noise
in
Analytical
1996
Y.
Hayashi,
R.
Matsuda,
R.
B.
Poe
Journal
of
Chromatography
A
722:
157­
167
Background
Instruments
Fossil­
and
Bio­
mass
Combustion:
C­
14
for
Source
1994
L.
A.
Currie,
G.
A.
Klouda,
D.
B.
Nuclear
Instr.
And
Methods
in
Physics
Res.
B
92:
404­
409
Background
Identification,
Chemical
Tracer
Development,
and
Model
Klinedinst,
A.
E.
Sheffield,
A.
J.
T.
Jull,
Validation
D.
J.
Donahue,
M.
V.
Connolly
Interlaboratory
Comparison
of
Instruments
Used
for
the
1994
D.
E.
Kimbrough,
J.
Wakakuwa
Analyst
119:
383­
388
Background
Determination
of
Elements
in
Acid
Digestates
of
Solids
Throwaway
Data
1994
L.
H.
Keith
Environmental
Science
&
Technology
28:
389A­
390A
Background
EPA's
Office
of
Water
Surges
Toward
MDL
Solution
1994
Larry
Keith
Radian
Background
In
Pursuit
of
Accuracy:
Nomenclature,
Assumptions,
and
1992
L.
A.
Currie
Pure
&
Applied
Chemistry
64:
455­
472
Background
Standards
(
annotated
only)
Interlaboratory
Aspects
of
Detection
Limits
Used
for
1988
L.
B.
Rogers
ACS
Symposium
Series
361:
94­
108
Background
Regulatory
and
Control
Purposes
Noise
and
Detection
Limits
in
Signal­
Integrating
Analytical
1988
H.
C.
Smit,
H.
Steigstra
ACS
Symposium
Series
361:
126­
148
Background
Methods
Effects
of
Analytical
Calibration
Models
on
Detection
Limit
1988
K.
G.
Owens,
C.
F.
Bauer,
C.
L.
Grantr
ACS
Symposium
Series
361:
194­
207
Background
Estimates
Real­
World
Limitations
to
Detection
1988
D.
Kurtz,
J.
Taylor,
L.
Sturdivan,
ACS
Symposium
Series
361:
288­
316
Background
W.
Crummett,
C.
Midkiff,
R.
Watters
Jr,
L.
Wood,
W.
Hanneman,
W.
Horwitz
Detection
Limits
­
A
Systematic
Approach
to
Detection
1986
S.
A.
Borman
Analytical
Chemistry
58:
A986
Background
Limits
is
Needed
When
Trace
Determinations
are
to
be
Performed
Chemometrics
and
Analytical
Chemistry
1984
L.
A.
Currie
Chemometrics
56:
115­
146
Background
Quality
Control
in
Water
Analyses
1983
C.
Kirchmer
ES&
T
17:
174A­
181A
Background
Validation
of
Analytical
Methods
1983
J.
K.
Taylor
Analytical
Chemistry
55:
600A­
602A,
608A
Background
Trace
Analyses
for
Wastewaters
­
Author's
response
1982
D.
Foerst
Envir.
Sci.
&
Tech.
16:
430A
­
431A
Background
Zur
Theorie
der
Eichfunktion
bei
der
spektrochemischen
1982
V.
H.
Kaiser
DK
535:
309­
319
Background
Analyse
The
Reliability
of
Detection
Limits
in
Analytical
Chemistry
1980
J.
D.
Winefordner,
J.
L.
Ward
Analytical
Letters
13:
1293­
1297
Background
Page
1
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
A
Review
and
Tutorial
Discussion
of
Noise
and
Sign­
to­
1978
C.
T.
J.
Alkemade,
W.
Snelleman,
Noise
Ratios
in
Analytical
Spectrometry
­
I.
Fundamental
G.
D.
Boutilier,
B.
D.
Pollard,
Principles
of
Signal­
to­
Noise
Ratios
J.
D.
Winefordner,
T.
L.
Chester,
N.
Omenetto
A
Review
and
Tutorial
Discussion
of
Noise
and
Sign­
to­
1978
G.
D.
Boutilier,
B.
D.
Pollard,
Noise
Ratios
in
Analytical
Spectrometry
­
II.
Fundamental
J.
D.
Winefordner,
T.
L.
Chester,
Principles
of
Signal­
to­
Noise
Ratios
N.
Omenetto
A
Tutorial
Review
of
Some
Elementary
Concepts
in
the
1978
P.
W.
J.
M.
Boumans
Statistical
Evaluation
of
Trace
Element
Measurements
Analysis
of
Lead
in
Polluted
Coastal
Seawater
1976
C.
Patterson,
D.
Settle,
B.
Glover
Multielement
Analysis
with
an
Inductively
Coupled
1976
Plasma/
Optical
Emission
System
Interlaboratory
Lead
Analyses
of
Standardized
Samples
of
1974
Seawater
Statistical
and
Mathematical
Methods
in
Analytical
1972
Chemistry
Studies
of
Flame
and
Plasma
Torch
Emission
for
1972
Simultaneous
Multi­
Element
Analysis­
I.
Preliminary
Investigations
Quantitative
Determination:
Application
to
Radiochemistry
1968
Qualitative
and
Quantitative
Sensitivity
in
Flame
1966
Photometry
The
Limit
of
Detection
of
Analytical
Methods
1962
Spectrochimica
Acta
33B:
383­
399
Spectrochimica
Acta
33B:
401­
415
Spectrochimica
Acta
33B:
625­
634
Marine
Chemistry
4:
305­
319
R.
M.
Ajhar,
P.
D.
Dalager,
A.
L.
Davison
American
Laboratory
72­
78
P.
Brewer,
N.
Frew,
N.
Cutshall,
Marine
Chemistry
2:
69­
84
J.
J.
Wagner,
R.
A.
Duce,
P.
R.
Walsh,
G.
L.
Hoffman,
J.
W.
R.
Dutton,
W.
F.
Fitzgerald
L.
A.
Currie,
J.
J.
Filliben,
J.
R.
DeVoe
Anal.
Chem.
44:
497R­
512R
P.
W.
J.
M.
Boumans,
F.
J.
De
Boer
Spectrochimica
Acta
27B:
391­
414
Lloyd
Currie
Anal.
Chem.
40:
586­
593
J.
Ramirez­
Munoz
Talanta
13:
87­
101
J.
B.
Roos
Analyst
87:
832­
833
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
Background
A
Careful
Consideration
of
the
Calibration
Concept
Weighted
Random­
Effects
Regression
Models
with
Application
to
Interlaboratory
Calibration
Guidelines
for
Calibration
in
Analytical
Chemistry­
Part
I.
Fundamentals
and
Single
Component
Calibration
(
IUPAC
recommendations
1998)

A
Comparison
of
Uncertainty
Criteria
for
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
Constant­
Width
Calibration
Intervals
for
Linear
Regression
(
annotated
only)
Regression
and
Calibration
with
Nonconstant
Error
Variance
Calibration
with
Randomly
Changing
Standard
Curves
(
annotated
only)
Linear
Calibration
When
the
Coefficient
of
Variation
is
Constant
(
annotated
only)
Analytical
Method
Comparisons
by
Estimates
of
Precision
and
Lower
Detection
Limit
2001
S.
D.
Phillips,
W.
T.
Estler,
T.
Doiron,
Journal
of
Research
of
the
National
Institute
of
Standards
and
Calibration
K.
R.
Eberhardt,
M.
S.
Levenson
Technology
106:
371­
379
2001
R.
D.
Gibbons,
D.
K.
Bhaumik
Technometrics
43:
192­
198
Calibration
1998
K.
Danzer,
L.
A.
Currie
Pure
and
Applied
Chemistry
70:
993­
1014
Calibration
1996
R.
W.
Mee,
K.
R.
Eberhardt
Technometrics
38:
221­
229
Calibration
1994
K.
R.
Eberhardt,
R.
W.
Mee
Journal
of
Quality
Technology
26:
21­
29
Calibration
1990
M.
Davidian,
P.
D.
Haaland
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
9:
231­
248
Calibration
1989
D.
F.
Vecchia,
H.
K.
Iyer,
P.
L.
Chapman
Technometrics
31:
83­
90
Calibration
1988
Y.
C.
Yao,
D.
F.
Vecchia,
H.
K.
Iyer
Probability
and
Statistics:
Essays
in
Honor
of
Franklin
A.
Graybill,
Calibration
297­
309
1986
D.
M.
Holland,
F.
F.
McElroy
Environmental
Science
&
Technology
20:
1157­
1161
Calibration
Design
Considerations
for
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
1986
J.
P.
Buonaccorsi
Technometrics
28:
149­
155
Calibration
Page
2
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Multivariate
Calibration
when
the
Error
Covariance
Matrix
is
Structured
(
annotated
only)
An
Implementation
of
the
Scheffé
Approach
to
Calibration
Using
Spline
Functions,
Illustrated
by
a
Pressure­
Volume
Calibration
(
annotated
only)

Measuring
and
Maximizing
Precision
in
Analyses
Based
on
Use
of
Calibration
Graphs
Calibration
in
Quantitative
Analysis:
Part2.
Confidence
Regions
for
the
Sample
Content
in
the
Case
of
Linear
Calibration
Relations
Design
Aspects
of
Scheffe s
Calibration
Theory
using
Linear
Splines
(
annotated
only)
Nonconstant
Variance
Regression
Techniques
for
Calibration­
Curvev­
Based
Analysis
Calibration
in
Quantitative
Analysis
Calibration
Curves
with
Nonuniform
Variance
Elimination
of
the
Bias
in
the
Course
of
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
Optimal
Designs
for
the
Inverse
Regression
Method
of
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
A
Statistical
Theory
of
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
On
the
Problem
of
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
Statistical
Processing
of
Calibration
Data
in
Quantitative
Analysis
by
Gas
Chromatography
Estimation
of
a
Linear
Function
for
a
Calibration
Line:
Consideration
of
a
Recent
Proposal
A
Note
on
Regression
Methods
in
Calibration
(
annotated
only)
Classical
and
Inverse
Regression
Methods
of
Calibration
in
Extrapolation
(
annotated
only)
Optimal
Experimental
Designs
for
Estimating
the
Independent
Variable
in
Regression
(
annotated
only)
Classical
and
Inverse
Regression
Methods
of
Calibration
(
annotated
only)

The
Interpretation
of
Certain
Regression
Methods
and
their
Use
in
Biological
and
Industrial
Research
(
annotated
only)
1985
T.
Naes
Technometrics
27:
301­
311
Calibration
1982
J.
A.
Lechner,
C.
P.
Reeve,
C.
H.
Technometrics
24:
229­
234
Calibration
Spiegelman
1982
D.
G.
Mitchell,
J.
S.
Garden
Talanta
29:
921­
929
Calibration
1981
J.
Agterdenbos,
F.
J.
M.
J.
Maessen,
J.
Analytica
Chimica
Acta
132:
127­
137
Calibration
Balke
1980
C.
H.
Spiegelman,
W.
J.
Studden
Journal
of
Research
of
the
National
Bureau
of
Standards
85:
295­
Calibration
304
1980
J.
S.
Garden,
D.
G.
Mitchell,
W.
N.
Mills
Anal.
Chem.
52:
2310­
2315
Calibration
1979
J.
Agterdenbos
1979
L.
Schwartz
1978
L.
J.
Naszódi
1973
M.
A.
Thomas,
R.
H.
Myers
1973
H.
Scheffé
1972
G.
K.
Shukla
1970
P.
Bocek,
J.
Novak
1969
J.
Berkson
1969
E.
J.
Williams
1969
R.
G.
Krutchkoff
1968
R.
L.
Ott,
R.
H.
Myers
1967
R.
G.
Krutchkoff
1939
C.
Eisenhart
Analytica
Chimica
Acta
108:
315­
323
Calibration
Analytical
Chem.
51:
723­
727
Calibration
Technometrics
20:
201­
205
Calibration
Communications
in
Statistics
2:
419­
433
Calibration
The
Annals
of
Statistics
1:
1­
37
Calibration
Technometrics
14:
547­
553
Calibration
J.
Chromatog.
51:
375­
383
Calibration
Technometrics
11:
649­
660
Calibration
Technometrics
11:
189­
192
Calibration
Technometrics
11:
605­
608
Calibration
Technometrics
10:
811­
823
Calibration
Technometrics
9:
425­
439
Calibration
The
Annals
of
Mathematical
Statistics
10:
162­
186
Calibration
The
Three
"
Rs"
for
Relevant
Detection,
Reliable
Quantitation
and
Respectable
Reporting
Limits
2000
Ann
Rosecrance
Env.
Testing
&
Anal.
9:
13,50
Critique
Detection
and
Quantification
Capabilities
and
the
Evaluation
of
Low­
Level
Data:
Some
International
Perspectives
and
Continuing
Challenges
2000
L.
A.
Currie
Journal
of
Radioanalytical
and
Nuclear
Chemistry
245:
145­
156
Critique
Realistic
Detection
Limits
from
Confidence
Bands
1999
J.
R.
Burdge,
D.
L.
McTaggart,
S.
O.
Farwell
Journal
of
Chemical
Education
76:
434­
439
Critique
Response
to
Comment
of
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification"
1999
Henry
Kahn,
William
Telliard,
Chuck
White
Env.
Sci.
&
Tech.
33:
1315
Critique
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification"
1999
H.
G.
Rigo
Env.
Sci
&
Tech.
33:
1311­
1312
Critique
Page
3
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Response
to
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
1999
Robert
Gibbons,
David
Coleman,
Ray
Env.
Sci.
&
Tech.
33:
1313­
1314
Critique
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification"
Maddalone
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
Definition
for
1998
Henry
Kahn,
William
Telliard,
Chuck
Envir.
Sci
&
Tech
32:
2346­
2348
Critique
Analytical
Quantification"
White
Response
to
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
1998
Robert
Gibbons,
David
Coleman,
Ray
Envir.
Sci
&
Tech
32:
2349­
2353
Critique
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification"
Maddalone
A
Discussion
of
Issues
Raised
by
Lloyd
Currie
and
a
Cross
1997
C.
H.
Spiegelman
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
37:
183­
188
Critique
Disciplinary
View
of
Detection
Limits
and
Estimating
Parameters
that
are
Often
At
or
Near
Zero
(
annotated
only)

A
Mock
Trial
for
Critical
Values
(
Detection
Limits)
1997
C.
H.
Spiegelman,
P.
Tarlow
STATS:
The
Magazine
for
Students
of
Statistics
20:
13­
16
Critique
(
annotated
only)
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
Definition
for
1997
David
Kimbrough
Envir.
Sci.
&
Tech.
31:
3727­
3728
Critique
Analytical
Quantification"
The
Smallest
Concentration
1997
R.
F.
Moran,
E.
N.
Brown
Clinical
Chemistry
43:
856­
857
Critique
A
Statistical
Overview
of
Standard
(
IUPAC
and
ACS)
and
1997
J.
Mocak,
A.
M.
Bond,
S.
Meitchell,
G.
Pure
and
Applied
Chemistry
69:
297­
328
Critique
New
Procedures
for
Determining
the
Limits
of
Detection
Scollary
and
Quantification:
Application
to
Voltammetric
and
Stripping
Techniques
(
Technical
Report)

Response
to
Comment
on
"
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
1997
R.
D.
Gibbons,
D.
E.
Coleman,
R.
F.
Envir.
Sci.
&
Tech
31:
3729­
3731
Critique
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification"
Maddalone
Some
Conceptual
and
Statistical
Issues
in
Analysis
of
1996
R.
D.
Gibbons
Environmetrics
7:
185­
199
Critique
Groundwater
Monitoring
Data
Some
Statistical
and
Conceptual
Issues
in
the
Detection
of
1995
Robert
Gibbons
Environ.
&
Ecol.
Statistics
2:
125­
167
Critique
Low
Level
Environmental
Pollutants
Comment
on
"
Method
Detection
Limits
in
Solid
Waste
1995
D.
E.
Coleman
Environmental
Science
&
Technology
29:
279­
280
Critique
Analysis"
Comment
on
"
Method
Detection
Limits
in
Solid
Waste
1995
Janice
Wakakuwa,
David
Kimbrough
Envir.
Sci.
&
Tech.
29:
281­
282
Critique
Analysis"
"
You
Can't
Compute
With
Less­
Thans"
1994
Ken
Osborn,
Ann
Rosecrance
East
Bay
Municipal
Utility
District,
Core
Laboratories
Critique
Limits
of
Detection
1994
N.
Cressie
Chemometrics
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
22:
161­
163
Critique
Conflicting
Perspectives
About
Detection
Limits
and
About
1994
M.
J.
R.
Clark,
P.
H.
Whitfield
Water
Resources
Bulletin
30:
1063­
1079
Critique
the
Censoring
of
Environmental
Data
Limit
of
Discrimination,
Limit
of
Detection
and
Sensitivity
in
1994
R.
Ferrus,
M.
R.
Egea
Analytica
Chimica
Acta
287:
119­
145
Critique
Analytical
Systems
Discussion
of:
A
Study
of
the
Precision
of
Lead
1994
B.
R.
Nott,
R.
R.
Maddalone
Water
Environment
Research
66:
853­
854
Critique
Measurements
at
Concentrations
Near
the
Method
Limit
of
Detection
Limits
of
Detection
Methodologies
1993
J.
Lindstedt
Plating
and
Surface
Finishing
80:
81­
86
Critique
Method
Detection
Limits
in
Solid
Waste
Analysis
1993
David
Kimbrough,
Janice
Wakakuwa
Enviro.
Sci.
&
Tech
27:
2692­
2699
Critique
Defining
the
Limits
1993
G.
Stanko,
W.
Krochta,
A.
Stanley,
Environmental
Lab
1:
16­
20
Critique
T.
Dawson,
K.
Hillig,
R.
Javick,
R.
Obrycki,
B.
Hughes,
F.
Saksa
A
Study
of
the
Precision
of
Lead
Measurements
at
1993
P.
M.
Berthouex
Water
Environment
Research
65:
620­
629
Critique
Concentrations
Near
the
Method
Limit
of
Detection
Page
4
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Detection
Limit
Concepts:
Foundations,
Myths,
and
Utilization
Difficulties
Related
to
Using
Extreme
Percentiles
for
Water
Quality
Regulations
A
Simple
Rule
for
Judging
Compliance
Using
highly
Censored
Samples
Current
Method
for
Setting
Dioxin
Limits
in
Water
Requires
Reexamination
Kaiser
3­
Sigma
Criterion
­
A
Review
of
the
Limit
of
Detection
MCL
Noncompliance:
Is
the
Laboratory
at
Fault?
Qualitative
or
Quantitative
Characterization
of
Spectrographic
Methods?
The
Detection
and
Determination
Limits
False
Positives,
Detection
Limits,
and
Other
Laboratory
Imperfections:
The
Regulatory
Implications
Evaluation
of
Detection
Limit
Estimators
(
annotated
only)

Chemometrics
­
Measurement
Reliability
The
Detection
Limit
Estimation
of
Detection
Limits
for
Environmental
Analytical
Procedures
­
A
Tutorial
Limits
of
Detection
Clarification
of
the
Limit
of
Detection
in
Chromatography
Limit
of
Detection:
A
Closer
Look
at
the
IUPAC
Definition
Trace
Analyses
for
Wastewaters
1992
D.
A.
Chambers,
S.
S.
Dubose,
E.
L.
Health
Phys.
63:
338­
340
Critique
Sensintaffar
1991
P.
M.
Berthouex,
Ian
Hau
Research
Journal
WPCF
63:
873­
879
Critique
1991
P.
M.
Berthouex,
Ian
Hau
Research
Journal
WPCF
63:
880­
886
Critique
1990
J.
LaKind,
E.
Rifkin
Env.
Sci.
&
Tech
24:
963­
965
Critique
1990
L.
S.
Oresic,
V.
Grdinic
Acta
Pharmaceutica
Jugoslavica
40:
21­
61
Critique
1990
Steven
Koorse
AWWA
p53­
58
Critique
1990
Karol
Florian
Chemia
Analityczna
35:
129­
139
Critique
1989
Steven
Koorse
Environmental
Law
Reporter
19:
10211­
10222
Critique
1988
F.
C.
Garner,
G.
L.
Robertson
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
3:
53­
59
Critique
1988
K.
Castaneda­
Mendez
Clinical
Chemistry
34:
2494­
2498
Critique
1988
P.
S.
Porter,
R.
C.
Ward,
H.
F.
Bell
Environmental
Science
&
Technology
22:
856­
861
Critique
1988
Cliff
Kirchmer
ACS
Symposium
Series
361:
78­
93
Critique
1984
J.
K.
Taylor
Analytical
Chemistry
56:
130A
Critique
1984
J.
P.
Foley,
J.
G.
Dorsey
Chromatographia
18:
503­
511
Critique
1983
Gary
Long,
J.
D.
Winefordner
Analytical
Chem.
55:
712­
724
Critique
1982
C.
J.
Kirchmer
Envir.
Sci.
&
Tech.
16:
430A
Critique
A
comparison
of
statistical
and
empirical
detection
limits
1998
G.
C.
C.
Su
Journal
of
AOAC
International
81:
105­
110
Multilab
Challenges
in
Regulatory
Environmetrics
1997
C.
B.
Davis
Chemometrics
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
37:
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53
Multilab
Determining
Quantitation
Levels
for
Regulatory
Purposes
1996
P.
F.
Sanders,
R.
L.
Lippincott,
A.
Eaton
Journal
American
Water
Works
Association
88:
104­
114
Multilab
Defining
Detection
and
Quantitation
Levels
1993
Raymond
Maddalone,
James
Rice,
Ben
Water
Envir.
&
Tech.
Jan.
93:
41­
44
Multilab
Edmondson,
Babu
Nott,
Judith
Scott
Concept
2000­
A
Statistical
Approach
for
Analytical
Practice
­
Part
I:
Limits
of
Detection,
Identification,
and
Determination
1999
Hadrich
J
et
al
Deutsche
Lebensmittel­
Rundschau
1999,
95(
10),
428­
436
not
found
Statistics
and
Environmental
Policy:
Case
Studies
from
Long­
Term
Environmental
Monitoring
Data
1999
Goudey
R
et
al
Novart
FDN
Sym
220;
144­
157
not
found
The
Many
Dimensions
of
Detection
in
Chemical
Analysis
1983
Currie
LA
Abstracts
of
Papers
of
the
American
Chemical
Society,
185
(
Mar),
63­
PEST
not
found
A
Practical
Strategy
for
Determining
and
Verifying
Detection
2001
T.
Georgian,
K.
E.
Osborn
Env.
Testing
&
Analysis
10:
13­
14
Single
lab
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Page
5
Detection
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Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Review
of
the
Methods
of
the
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency
for
Bromate
Determination
and
Validation
of
Method
317.0
for
Disinfection
By­
Product
Anions
and
Low
­
Level
Bromate
Comparison
of
Detection
Limits
in
Environmental
Analysis
­
Is
it
Possible?
An
Approach
on
Quality
Assurance
in
the
Lower
Working
Range
by
Verification
On
the
Assessment
of
Compliance
with
Legal
Limits,
Part
I:
Signal
and
Concentration
Domains
Capability
of
Detection
­
Part
2
Nomenclature
in
Evaluation
of
Analytical
Methods
Including
Detection
and
Quantifation
Capabilities
(
IUPAC
Recommendations
1995)

New
Reporting
Procedures
Based
on
Long­
Term
Method
Detection
Limits
and
Some
Considerations
for
Interpretations
of
Water­
Quality
Data
Provided
by
the
U.
S.
Geological
Survey
National
Water
Quality
Laboratory
Analyses
of
Polychlorinated
Biphenyls
and
Chlorinated
Pesticides
in
Biota:
Method
and
Quality
Assurance
Detection
Limits
of
Organic
Contaminants
in
Drinking
Water
Detection:
International
Update,
and
Some
Emerging
Di
lemmas
Involving
Calibration,
the
Blank,
and
Multiple
Detection
Decisions
(
annotated
only)

Regulations
­
From
an
Industry
Perspective
or
Relationships
Between
Detection
Limits,
Quantitation
Limits,
and
Significant
Digits
(
annotated
only)

Capability
of
Detection
­
Part
1
Determination
of
Site­
Specific
Effluent
Detection
Limits
Multivariate
Detection
Limits
Estimators
Nomenclature
in
Evaluation
of
Analytical
Methods
including
Detection
and
Quantification
Capabilities
Reporting
Low­
Level
Analytical
Data
Third
Draft
(
1995­
11­
08)
­­
New
Project
of
Commission
V.
I.,
International
Union
of
Pure
and
Applied
Chemistry
IUPAC
Recommendations
for
Defining
and
Measuring
Detection
and
Quantification
Limits
Recommendations
for
the
Presentation
of
Results
of
Chemical
Analysis
(
annotated
only)
Detarchi­
A
Program
for
Detection
Limits
with
Specified
Assurance
Probabilites
and
Characteristic
Curves
of
Detection
2001
D.
P.
Hautman,
D.
J.
Munch,
C.
Frebis,
Journal
of
Chromatography
A
920:
221­
229
H.
P.
Wagner,
B.
V.
Pepich
Single
lab
2001
S.
Geib,
J.
W.
Einax
Fresenius
Journal
of
Analytical
Chemistry
370:
673­
678
Single
lab
2001
E.
Desimoni,
S.
Mannino,
B.
Brunetti
Accreditation
Quality
Assurance
6:
452­
458
Single
lab
2000
ISO
ISO
11843­
2
Single
lab
1999
L.
A.
Currie
Analytica
Chimica
Acta
391:
105­
126
Single
lab
1999
C.
J.
Obinger
Childress,
W.
T.
USGS
Open­
File
Report
99­
193,
19
pages.
Single
lab
Foreman,
B.
F.
Connor,
and
T.
J.
Maloney
1999
P.
Cleemann,
G.
B.
Paulsen
Journal
of
AOAC
International
82:
1175­
1184
Single
lab
1998
W.
M.
Draper,
J.
S.
Dhoot,
J.
S.
Dhaliwal,
Journal
of
the
American
Water
Works
Association
90:
82­
90
Single
lab
J.
W.
Remoy,
S.
K.
Perera,
F.
J.
Baumann
1997
L.
A.
Currie
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
37:
151­
181
Single
lab
1997
D.
Coleman,
J.
Auses,
N.
Grams
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
37:
71­
80
Single
lab
1997
ISO
ISO
11843­
1
Single
lab
1996
George
Neserke,
Harold
Taylor
Water
Env.
Res.
66:
115­
119
Single
lab
1996
R.
Boque,
F.
X.
Rius
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
32:
11­
23
Single
lab
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lab
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6
Detection
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Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Multivariate
Decision
and
Detection
Limits
(
annotated
only)

A
Model
of
Measurement
Precision
at
Low
Concentrations
Robust
Procedure
for
Calibration
and
Calculation
of
the
Detection
Limit
of
Trimipramine
by
Adsorptive
Stripping
Voltametry
at
a
Carbon
Paste
Electrode
Nondetects,
Detection
Limits,
and
the
Probability
of
Detection
Detection
Limits:
For
Linear
Calibration
Curves
with
Increasing
Variance
and
Multiple
Future
Detection
Decisions
(
annotated
only)

Limits
of
Detection
in
Multivariate
Calibration
Estimating
Detection
Limits
in
Ultratrace
Analysis.
Part
I:
The
Variability
of
Estimated
Detection
Limits
Reporting
Low­
Level
Data
for
Computerized
Data
Bases
Detection
Limits
with
Specified
Assurance
Probabilities
Limit
of
Detection
and
Limit
of
Determination
­
Application
of
Different
Statistical
Approaches
to
an
Illustrative
Example
of
Residue
Analysis
Determining
the
Lowest
Limit
of
Reliable
Assay
Measurement
(
annotated
only)
Principles
of
Environmental
Analysis
Trace
Analyses
for
Wastewaters
Guidelines
for
Data
Acquisition
and
Data
Quality
Evaluation
in
Environmental
Chemistry
Sensitivity
and
Limit
of
Detection
in
Quantitative
Spectrometric
Methods
(
annotated
only)
Decision
and
Detection
Limits
for
Linear
Calibration
Curves
(
annotated
only)
Limits
for
Quantitative
Detection
and
Quantitative
Determination
(
annotated
only)
A
Statistical
Method
for
Evaluation
of
Limiting
Detectable
Sample
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1993
A.
Singh
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P.
M.
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D.
R.
Gan
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M.
C.
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J.
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J.
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A.
Sarabia
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Lambert,
B.
Peterson,
I.
Terpenning
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F.
H.
Jarke,
K.
P.
Stoub
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G.
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Wegscheider,
H.
M.
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Single
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Single
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Analytical
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Single
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Single
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Castillo,
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133
Single
lab
­
multilevel
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Multivariate
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lab
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multilevel
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Page
7
Detection
and
Quantitation
Literature
Search
Results
June
2002
Title
Year
Author
Source
Category
Evaluation
of
Approximate
Methods
for
Calculating
the
Limit
of
Detection
and
Limit
of
Quantification
Limits
of
Detection,
Identification
and
Determination:
A
Statistical
Approach
for
Practitioners
Weighted
Least­
Squares
Approach
to
Calculating
Limits
of
Detection
and
Quantification
by
Modeling
Variability
as
a
Function
of
Concentration
(
annotated
only)

Detection
Limits
in
GC­
MS
Multivariate
Analysis
An
Alternative
Minimum
Level
Definition
for
Analytical
Quantification
A
Two­
Component
Model
for
Measurement
Error
in
Analytical
Chemistry
Practical
Quantitation
Limits
(
annotated
only)

Experimental
Comparison
of
EPA
and
USATHAMA
Detection
and
Quantitation
Capability
Estimators
High
Pressure
Liquid
Chromatography
Determination
of
the
Intermediates
Side
Reaction
Products
in
FD&
C
Red
No.
2
and
FD&
C
Yellow
No.
5:
Statistical
Analysis
of
Instrument
Response
(
annotated
only)
1999
1998
1997
1997
1997
1995
1992
1991
1978
M.
E.
Zorn,
R.
D.
Gibbons,
W.
C.
Sonzogni
J.
Vogelgesang,
J.
Hadrich
M.
E.
Zorn,,
R.
D.
Gibbons,
W.
C.
Sonzogni
Boque
R
et
al
Robert
Gibbons,
David
Coleman,
Raymond
Maddalone
David
Rocke,
Stefan
Lorenzato
R.
D.
Gibbons,
N.
E.
Grams,
F.
H.
Jarke,
K.
P.
Stoub
C.
L.
Grant,
A.
D.
Hewitt,
T.
F.
Jenkins
C.
J.
Bayley,
E.
A.
Cox,
J.
A.
Springer
Page
8
Environmental
Science
&
Technology
33:
2291­
2295
Single
lab
­
multilevel
Accreditation
Quality
Assurance
3:
242­
255
Single
lab
­
multilevel
Analytical
Chemistry
69:
3069­
3075
Single
lab
­
multilevel
Quimica
Analytica,
16(
2),
81­
86
Single
lab
­
multilevel
Environmental
Science
&
Technology
31:
2071­
2077
Single
lab
­
multilevel
Technometrics
37:
176­
184
Single
lab
­
multilevel
Chemometrics
and
Intelligent
Laboratory
Systems
12:
225­
235.
Single
lab
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multilevel
American
Laboratory
23:
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33
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lab
­
multilevel
J.
Assoc.
Off.
Anal.
Chem
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1414.
Single
lab
­
multilevel