Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2002-0033-0225
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-05-13T04:00Z

13.0
­
Non­
Water
Quality
Impacts
13.0
NON­
WATER
QUALITY
IMPACTS
Sections
304(
b)
and
306
of
the
Clean
Water
Act
require
EPA
to
consider
non­
water
quality
environmental
impacts
(
including
energy
requirements)
associated
with
effluent
limitations
guidelines
and
standards.
To
comply
with
these
requirements,
EPA
considered
the
potential
impact
of
the
MP&
M
final
rule
on
energy
consumption,
air
emissions,
and
solid
waste
generation.
Section
9.0
discusses
the
final
rule
technology
options.

While
it
is
difficult
to
balance
environmental
impacts
across
all
media
and
energy
use,
the
Agency
has
determined
that
the
benefits
associated
with
compliance
with
the
limitations
and
standards
justify
the
multimedia
impacts
identified
in
this
section
(
see
Chapters
12
through
16
of
the
Economic,
Environmental,
and
Benefits
Analysis
of
the
Final
Metal
Products
and
Machinery
Rule
(
EEBA)
(
EPA­
821­
B­
03­
002)
for
a
discussion
on
the
environmental
benefits
associated
with
this
final
regulation).

Section
13.1
discusses
the
energy
requirements
for
implementing
wastewater
treatment
technologies
at
MP&
M
facilities.
Section
13.2
presents
the
impact
of
the
technologies
on
air
emissions,
and
Section
13.3
discusses
the
impact
on
wastewater
treatment
sludge
and
waste
oil
generation.
Section
13.4
presents
the
reference
used
in
this
section.

13.1
Energy
Requirements
EPA
estimates
that
compliance
with
this
rule
will
result
in
a
net
increase
in
energy
consumption
at
MP&
M
facilities.
Table
13­
1
presents
estimates
of
energy
usage
for
the
selected
technology
option.

Table
13­
1
Energy
Usage
for
the
Selected
Technology
Option
Selected
Option
Incremental
Energy
Requireda
(
kiloWatt
hrs/
yr)

Basic
Technology
with
Water
Conservation
and
Pollution
Prevention
 
Option
6:
End­
of­
pipe
chemical
emulsion
breaking
and
gravity
separation;
plus
in­
process
flow
control
and
pollution
prevention
technologies
(
Oily
Wastes).
350,676
Source:
EPA
Costs
&
Loadings
Model.
a
The
amount
of
additional
energy
required
(
from
baseline)
if
the
technology
option
is
implemented,
summed
for
all
regulated
facilities.

This
annual
incremental
net
energy
increase
for
the
MP&
M
final
rule
is
minimal
(<
0.001
percent)
when
compared
with
the
total
electricity
used
by
the
entire
United
States
in
1997
(
3,123
billion
kiloWatt
hours
(
KWH))
(
1).
Additionally,
EPA
expects
that
this
small
increase
in
energy
usage
will
not
result
in
any
increase
of
air
emissions
impacts
from
the
electric
power
generation
facilities
providing
the
additional
energy.

13­
1
13.0
­
Non­
Water
Quality
Impacts
13.2
Air
Emissions
Impacts
The
in­
process
and
end­
of­
pipe
technologies
included
in
the
technology
options
for
this
rule
do
not
generate
significant
air
emissions.
The
additional
air
emissions
generated
by
the
technology
options
will
not
hinder
facilities 
ability
to
comply
with
EPA s
national
emission
standards
for
hazardous
air
pollutants
(
NESHAPs).

EPA
is
developing
NESHAPs
under
Section
112
of
the
Clean
Air
Act
(
CAA)
to
address
air
emissions
of
the
hazardous
air
pollutants
(
HAPs)
listed
in
Section
112(
b)
of
the
CAA.
Below
is
a
list
of
current
and
upcoming
NESHAPs
that
affect
MP&
M
sites
(
see
EPA s
Air
Toxics
Web
site,
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
ttn/
atw/,
for
more
information
and
updates):

 
Chromium
Emissions
from
Hard
and
Decorative
Chromium
Electroplating
and
Chromium
Anodizing
Tanks
­
Proposed
December
16,
1993
and
promulgated
on
January
25,
1995;

 
Halogenated
Solvent
Cleaning
­
Proposed
November
29,
1993
and
promulgated
on
December
2,
1994;

 
Aerospace
Manufacturing
­
Proposed
June
6,
1994
and
promulgated
on
September
1,
1995;

 
Shipbuilding
and
Ship
Repair
(
Surface
Coating)
­
Proposed
December
6,
1994
and
promulgated
on
December
15,
1995;

 
Large
Appliances
(
Surface
Coating)
­
Proposed
December
22,
2000
and
promulgated
on
July
23,
2002;

 
Metal
Furniture
(
Surface
Coating)
­
Proposed
April
24,
2002;

 
Metal
Can
(
Surface
Coating)
­
Signed
November
26,
2002;

 
Automobile
and
Light­
Duty
Truck
Manufacturing
(
Surface
Coating)
­
Signed
November
26,
2002;
and
 
Miscellaneous
Metal
Parts
and
Products
(
Surface
Coating)
­
Proposed
August
13,
2002.

These
NESHAPs
define
the
maximum
achievable
control
technology
(
MACT)
for
emissions
of
HAPs.
Like
effluent
guidelines,
MACT
standards
are
technology­
based.
The
CAA
specifies
criteria
for
determining
MACT
for
new
and
existing
sources.

Halogenated
HAP
solvents
(
e.
g.,
methylene
chloride,
perchloroethylene,
trichloroethylene,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane,
carbon
tetrachloride,
and
chloroform)
used
for
cleaning
13­
2
13.0
­
Non­
Water
Quality
Impacts
in
the
MP&
M
industry
can
be
a
source
of
hazardous
air
emissions.
EPA
believes
the
final
MP&
M
rule
will
not
affect
the
use
of
solvents
containing
halogenated
hazardous
air
pollutants
in
the
MP&
M
industry.
This
rule
neither
requires
nor
discourages
the
use
of
aqueous
cleaners
in
lieu
of
halogenated
HAP
solvents.

Additionally,
because
the
final
rule
would
not
allow
any
less
stringent
control
of
VOCs
or
organic
HAPs
than
is
currently
in
place
at
MP&
M
facilities,
EPA
does
not
predict
any
net
increase
in
air
emissions
from
volatilization
or
organic
pollutants
due
to
the
final
rule.
As
such,
EPA
expects
no
adverse
air
impacts
to
occur
as
a
result
of
the
final
rule.

13.3
Solid
Waste
Generation
Solid
waste
generated
at
the
regulated
MP&
M
sites
consists
of
waste
oil
removed
in
wastewater
treatment.
EPA
estimates
that
compliance
with
this
final
rule
will
result
in
an
increase
in
MP&
M
waste
oil
generation.

Based
on
the
Agency s
detailed
questionnaire,
EPA
estimates
that
MP&
M
facilities
covered
by
this
final
rule
generated
13.5
million
gallons
of
waste
oil
in
1996.
Table
13­
2
presents
the
amount
of
additional
waste
oil
expected
to
be
generated
as
a
result
of
implementing
the
technology
option.

Table
13­
2
Waste
Oil
Removed
by
the
Selected
Option
Selected
Option
Incremental
Waste
Oil
Removeda
(
million
gal/
yr)

Basic
Technology
with
Water
Conservation
and
Pollution
Prevention
 
Option
6:
End­
of­
pipe
chemical
emulsion
breaking
and
gravity
separation;
plus
in­
process
flow
control
and
pollution
prevention
technologies
(
Oily
Wastes).
2.4
Source:
MP&
M
Costs
&
Loadings
Model.
a
The
amount
of
additional
oil
removed
(
from
baseline)
if
the
technology
option
is
implemented,
summed
for
all
regulated
facilities.

Removing
oil
from
MP&
M
wastewater
prior
to
discharge
to
surface
waters
results
in
an
increase
in
waste
oil
generation
from
baseline
to
the
final
rule
option
(
Option
6).
The
increase
in
waste
oil
generation
reflects
better
removal
of
oil
from
the
wastewater,
and
does
not
reflect
an
increase
in
overall
oil
use
at
MP&
M
facilities.

MP&
M
facilities
usually
either
recycle
waste
oil
on
or
off
site,
or
contract
for
off­
site
disposal
of
the
waste
oil
as
either
a
hazardous
or
nonhazardous
waste.
For
the
purpose
of
compliance
cost
estimation,
EPA
assumed
that
all
sites
contracted
for
off­
site
disposal
of
waste
oil;
however,
EPA
expects
that
some
of
the
waste
oil
can
be
recycled
either
on
or
off
site.

13­
3
13.0
­
Non­
Water
Quality
Impacts
13.4
References
1.
The
Energy
Information
Administration.
Electric
Power
Annual
1998
Volume
1
,
Table
A1,
1998.
http://
www.
eia.
doe.
gov/.

13­
4
14.0
­
Long­
Term
Averages
and
Effluent
Limitations
and
Standards
14.0
LONG­
TERM
AVERAGES
AND
EFFLUENT
LIMITATIONS
AND
STANDARDS
This
section
presents
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
for
each
regulatory
level
of
control
required
by
the
Clean
Water
Act
(
CWA)
for
direct
and
indirect
dischargers,
and
presents
the
technology
basis
for
the
limitations
and
standards.
Section
2.0
provides
more
details
on
the
different
regulatory
levels
of
control.
Direct
dischargers
are
sites
that
discharge
wastewater
to
a
surface
water.
Indirect
dischargers
are
sites
that
discharge
wastewater
to
a
publicly
owned
treatment
works
(
POTW).

EPA
is
only
promulgating
limitations
and
standards
for
direct
dischargers
(
existing
and
new)
for
one
of
the
subcategories
in
the
January
2001
proposal:
Oily
Wastes.
These
limitations
and
standards
are
codified
in
40
CFR
438,
Subpart
A.
The
final
limitations
are
concentration­
based
limitations
with
an
allowable
pH
range.

EPA
decided
not
to
establish
limitations
for
existing
and
new
direct
dischargers
in
seven
subcategories
listed
in
the
January
2001
proposal
(
General
Metals,
Metal
Finishing
Job
Shops,
Printed
Wiring
Board,
Non­
Chromium
Anodizing,
Steel
Forming
and
Finishing,
Railroad
Line
Maintenance,
and
Shipbuilding
Dry
Dock).
EPA
also
decided
not
to
establish
standards
for
new
and
existing
indirect
dischargers
(
PSES
and
PSNS)
for
all
eight
subcategories
listed
in
the
January
2001
proposal
(
including
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
in
the
final
MP&
M
rule).

Sections
14.1
through
14.8
discuss
EPA s
rationale
for
the
selected
technology
options
and
summarize
the
effluent
guidelines
for
each
of
the
regulatory
levels
of
control
for
each
of
the
subcategories
listed
in
the
January
2001
proposal.
Section
10.0
contains
detailed
information
on
those
facilities
whose
data
EPA
used
to
calculate
the
BPT
limitations,
and
presents
the
statistical
methodology
for
developing
numerical
limitations.
Section
9.0
describes
in
detail
all
of
the
MP&
M
technology
options
evaluated
for
the
final
rule,
and
Sections
11.0
and
12.0
discuss
estimated
compliance
costs
and
pollutant
loadings
and
removals,
respectively,
for
these
technology
options.
All
supporting
economic
and
financial
analyses
can
be
found
in
the
Economic,
Environmental,
and
Benefits
Analysis
of
the
Final
Metal
Products
&
Machinery
Rule
(
EEBA)
(
EPA­
821­
B­
03­
002).
Cost­
effectiveness
analyses
can
be
found
in
the
EEBA
and
Section
26.0
of
the
rulemaking
record,
DCN
37900.

EPA
is
promulgating
performance­
based
limitations
and
standards
to
control
direct
discharges;
these
limitation
and
standards
do
not
require
the
use
of
any
particular
pollution
prevention
or
wastewater
treatment
technology.
Rather,
a
facility
may
use
any
combination
of
pollution
prevention
and
wastewater
treatment
technology
to
comply
with
the
limitations.
Direct
dischargers
must
also
comply
with
NPDES
regulations
(
40
CFR
122).

14.1
General
Metals
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
revising
or
establishing
any
limitations
or
standards
for
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Such
facilities
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
the
14­
1
14.0
­
Long­
Term
Averages
and
Effluent
Limitations
and
Standards
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
Part
403),
local
limits,
permit
limits,
and
Parts
413
and/
or
433,
as
applicable.

14.2
Metal
Finishing
Job
Shops
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
revising
any
limitations
or
standards
for
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Such
facilities
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
the
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
Part
403),
local
limits,
permit
limits,
and
Parts
413
and/
or
433,
as
applicable.

14.3
Non­
Chromium
Anodizing
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
revising
limitations
or
standards
for
any
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Such
facilities
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
the
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
Part
403),
local
limits,
permit
limits,
and
Parts
413
and/
or
433,
as
applicable.

14.4
Printed
Wiring
Board
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
revising
any
limitations
or
standards
for
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Such
facilities
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
the
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
Part
403),
local
limits,
permit
limits,
and
Parts
413
and/
or
433,
as
applicable.

14.5
Steel
Forming
and
Finishing
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
revising
limitations
or
standards
for
any
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Such
facilities
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
the
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
Part
403),
local
limits,
permit
limits,
and
Iron
and
Steel
effluent
limitations
guidelines
(
Part
420)
as
applicable.

14.6
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
EPA
is
promulgating
limitations
and
standards
for
existing
and
new
direct
dischargers
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
based
on
the
proposed
Option
6
technology
(
see
Section
9.0).
EPA
is
not
promulgating
pretreatment
standards
for
existing
or
new
indirect
dischargers
in
this
subcategory.

14.6.1
Best
Practicable
Control
Technology
(
BPT)

As
discussed
in
Section
9.7.1,
EPA
is
establishing
BPT
pH
limitations
and
daily
maximum
limitations
for
two
pollutants,
oil
and
grease
as
hexane
extractable
material
(
oil
and
grease
(
as
HEM))
and
total
suspended
solids
(
TSS),
for
direct
dischargers
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
based
on
the
proposed
technology
option
(
Option
6).
Option
6
technology
includes
14­
2
14.0
­
Long­
Term
Averages
and
Effluent
Limitations
and
Standards
the
following:
(
1)
in­
process
flow
control
and
pollution
prevention,
and
(
2)
oil/
water
separation
by
chemical
emulsion
breaking
and
skimming
(
see
Section
9.0
for
additional
details
on
the
Option
6
technology).

In
its
analyses,
EPA
estimated
that
facilities
will
monitor
once
per
month
for
oil
and
grease
(
as
HEM)
and
TSS.
EPA
expects
that
12
data
points
for
each
pollutant
per
year
will
yield
a
meaningful
basis
for
establishing
compliance
with
the
promulgated
limitations
through
long­
term
trends
and
short­
term
variability
in
oil
and
grease
(
as
HEM)
and
TSS
pollutant
discharge
loading
patterns.

Although
EPA
is
not
changing
the
technology
basis
from
that
proposed,
EPA
is
revising
all
of
the
proposed
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
BPT
limitations.
This
is
due
to
incorporation
of
additional
data
and
revisions
to
the
data
sets
used
to
calculate
the
promulgated
limitations
(
see
67
FR
38754).

Table
14­
1
BPT
Effluent
Limitations
for
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
Regulated
Parameter
Maximum
Daily
mg/
L
(
ppm)

Total
Suspended
Solids
(
TSS)
62
Oil
and
Grease
(
as
HEM)
46
pH
a
aDischarges
must
remain
within
the
pH
range
6
to
9.

These
BPT
limitations
regulate
process
wastewater
discharges
from
 
oily
operations 
at
existing
or
new
direct
dischargers
engaged
in
manufacturing,
rebuilding,
or
maintenance
of
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
used
in
any
of
the
16
industrial
sectors
listed
in
Section
1.1
and
40
CFR
438.1.
EPA
has
defined
 
oily
operation 
in
Section
V.
A
of
the
preamble
to
the
final
rule,
40
CFR
438.2(
f),
and
Appendix
B
to
Part
438.

Wastewater
discharges
from
other
subcategories
listed
in
the
January
2001
proposal
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
existing
categorical
regulations
(
e.
g.,
40
CFR
413,
433,
420),
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
40
CFR
403),
local
limits,
or
permit
limits.
When
a
facility
segregates
"
oily
operations"
process
wastewaters
from
other
process
wastewaters,
the
NPDES
permit
writer
will
use
the
limitations
and
standards
in
the
final
rule
for
those
"
oily
operations"
process
wastewaters
(
40
CFR
438).
When
a
facility
commingles
"
oily
operations"
process
wastewaters
with
other
process
wastewaters
already
covered
by
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines
or
with
process
wastewaters
from
metal­
bearing
operations
(
as
defined
in
438.2),
the
entire
commingled
stream
is
not
regulated
by
the
final
rule.
This
provision
must
be
examined
for
each
point
source
discharge
at
a
given
facility
and
is
codified
at
438.1(
b).

14­
3
14.0
­
Long­
Term
Averages
and
Effluent
Limitations
and
Standards
14.6.2
Best
Conventional
Pollutant
Control
Technology
(
BCT)

EPA
is
promulgating
effluent
limitations
for
conventional
parameters
(
e.
g.,
pH,
TSS,
oil
and
grease)
equivalent
to
BPT
for
this
subcategory
because
it
identified
no
technologies
that
can
achieve
greater
removals
of
conventional
pollutants
than
the
selected
BPT
technology
basis
that
also
pass
the
BCT
cost
test
(
see
Section
9.7.2).

14.6.3
Best
Available
Technology
Economically
Achievable
(
BAT)

EPA
proposed
to
control
toxic
and
nonconventional
pollutants
by
using
BAT
limitations
based
on
Option
6
technology.
As
described
in
Section
9.7.3,
EPA
is
not
promulgating
BAT
limitations
for
specific
pollutant
parameters.
EPA
will
achieve
control
of
toxic
organics
and
other
priority
and
nonconventional
pollutant
discharges
in
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
process
wastewaters
through
use
of
the
oil
and
grease
(
as
HEM)
limitation.

14.6.4
New
Source
Performance
Standards
(
NSPS)

EPA
is
promulgating
NSPS
that
would
control
pH
and
the
same
conventional
pollutants
controlled
at
the
BPT
and
BCT
levels
(
see
Section
9.7.4).

14.6.5
Pretreatment
Standards
for
Existing
Sources
(
PSES)

EPA
proposed
to
establish
PSES
for
existing
indirect
dischargers
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
based
on
the
Option
6
technology
(
i.
e.,
the
same
technology
basis
that
is
being
promulgated
for
BPT/
BCT/
NSPS
for
this
subcategory)
with
a
 
low­
flow 
exclusion
of
2
million
gallons
per
year
(
MGY)
to
reduce
economic
impacts
on
small
businesses
and
administrative
burden
for
control
authorities.
EPA
is
not
promulgating
PSES
for
existing
indirect
dischargers
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
(
see
Section
9.7.5).
These
facilities
remain
subject
to
the
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
40
CFR
403)
and
local
limits,
as
applicable.

14.6.6
Pretreatment
Standards
for
New
Sources
(
PSNS)

EPA
proposed
to
establish
PSNS
for
indirect
dischargers
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
based
on
the
Option
6
technology
(
i.
e.,
the
same
technology
basis
that
is
being
promulgated
for
NSPS
for
this
subcategory)
with
a
 
low­
flow 
exclusion
of
2
MGY
to
reduce
economic
impacts
on
small
businesses
and
reduce
administrative
burden
to
POTWs.
EPA
rejected
Option
6
technology
as
the
basis
for
PSNS
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory.
EPA
has
selected
 
no
further
regulation 
for
new
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
indirect
dischargers
and
is
not
revising
PSNS
for
new
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
indirect
dischargers
(
see
Section
9.7.6).
These
facilities
remain
subject
to
the
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
40
CFR
403)
and
local
limits,
as
applicable.

14­
4
14.0
­
Long­
Term
Averages
and
Effluent
Limitations
and
Standards
14.7
Railroad
Line
Maintenance
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
establishing
limitations
or
standards
for
any
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Permit
writers
and
control
authorities
will
establish
controls
using
best
professional
judgment
(
BPJ)
to
regulate
wastewater
discharges
from
these
facilities.

14.8
Shipbuilding
Dry
Dock
Subcategory
EPA
is
not
establishing
limitations
or
standards
for
any
facilities
that
would
have
been
subject
to
this
subcategory.
Permit
writers
and
control
authorities
will
establish
controls
using
BPJ
to
regulate
wastewater
discharges
from
these
facilities.

14­
5
15.0
­
Implementation
15.0
IMPLEMENTATION
This
section
provides
guidance
to
permit
writers
and
the
regulated
community
for
implementing
the
MP&
M
effluent
limitations
guidelines
and
standards.
Section
15.1
describes
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines 
applicability,
Section
15.2
summarizes
compliance
dates,
Section
15.3
presents
guidance
on
developing
limits,
and
Section
15.4
summarizes
monitoring
requirements.

15.1
Applicability
of
the
MP&
M
Effluent
Guidelines
The
MP&
M
Point
Source
Category
regulates
oily
operation
process
wastewater
discharges
to
surface
waters
from
existing
or
new
industrial
facilities
(
including
facilities
owned
and
operated
by
federal,
state,
or
local
governments)
engaged
in
manufacturing,
rebuilding,
or
maintenance
of
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
for
use
in
any
of
the
16
MP&
M
industrial
sectors.
Please
note
the
underlined
language
in
the
previous
sentence.
A
facility
may
be
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
even
if
it
is
not
in
one
of
the
MP&
M
industrial
sectors.
For
example,
EPA
considers
a
facility
performing
machining
as
part
of
the
 
Bus
&
Truck 
industrial
sector
if
it
maintains
metal
parts
for
truck
trailers.
Process
wastewater
means
wastewater
as
defined
at
40
CFR
122
and
401,
and
includes
wastewater
from
air
pollution
control
devices
(
see
40
CFR
438.2(
g)).
EPA
notes
that
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
only
regulate
process
wastewaters
from
wet
air
pollution
control
for
organic
constituents
(
see
40
CFR
438.2(
f)).
Oily
operations
are
listed
at
40
CFR
438.2(
g)
and
defined
in
Appendix
B
to
Part
438
(
see
also
Section
4.0
of
this
document).

Manufacturing
is
the
series
of
unit
operations
necessary
to
produce
metal
products
and
is
generally
performed
in
a
production
environment.
Rebuilding/
maintenance
is
the
series
of
unit
operations
necessary
to
disassemble
used
metal
products
into
components,
replace
the
components
or
subassemblies
or
restore
them
to
original
function,
and
reassemble
the
metal
product.
Rebuilding
and
maintenance
operations
are
intended
to
keep
metal
products
in
operating
condition
and
can
be
performed
in
either
a
production
or
a
nonproduction
environment.
The
16
industrial
sectors
are
described
in
further
detail
in
the
following
subsection.
Additionally,
some
facilities
are
excluded
by
definition
from
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
(
see
Section
15.1.3).

EPA
collected
data
on
a
wide
variety
of
facilities
engaged
in
manufacturing,
rebuilding,
or
maintenance
of
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
for
use
in
the
16
MP&
M
industrial
sectors
(
see
Section
3.0).
The
range
of
manufacturing,
rebuilding,
or
maintenance
operations
involved
the
following
types
of
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines:
(
1)
parts,
products,
or
machines
composed
of
metal
or
metal
alloys,
and/
or
(
2)
parts,
products,
or
machines
with
metal
surfaces.
In
particular,
EPA
notes
that
metal
parts
or
products
can
have
a
nonmetal
substrate
with
a
metal
surface.
For
example,
a
plastic
part
with
a
metal
surface
is
considered
a
 
metal
part 
under
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
when
it
is
manufactured,
rebuilt,
or
maintained
for
use
in
one
of
the
16
industrial
sectors.
Oily
operation
process
wastewaters
on
this
metal
part
would
be
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
provided
there
are
no
exclusions
from
the
15­
1
15.0
­
Implementation
guidelines
as
described
in
the
applicability
section
of
the
rule.
Another
specific
example
of
a
metal
part
is
a
laminate
composed
of
a
metal
surface
and
nonmetal
substrate.
In
this
particular
case,
the
laminate
manufacturing
process
involves
pressing
a
fiberglass
web
between
two
sheets
of
copper
foil
for
a
part
in
electronic
equipment.
If
a
facility
performs
oily
operations
on
this
laminate
(
a
 
metal
part 
because
it
has
a
metal
surface),
then
any
resulting
process
wastewater
would
be
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
provided
there
are
no
exclusions
from
the
guidelines
as
described
in
the
applicability
section
of
the
rule.
EPA
notes
that
lead
crystal
is
not
a
metal
part
or
product
as
it
does
not
have
a
metal
surface.

15.1.1
MP&
M
Industrial
Sectors
The
MP&
M
Point
Source
Category
encompasses
manufacturing,
rebuilding,
or
maintenance
of
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
for
use
in
the
following
industrial
sectors:

 
Aerospace;

 
Aircraft;

 
Bus
and
Truck;

 
Electronic
Equipment;

 
Hardware;

 
Household
Equipment;

 
Instruments;

 
Mobile
Industrial
Equipment;

 
Motor
Vehicle;

 
Office
Machines;

 
Ordnance;

 
Precious
Metals
and
Jewelry;

 
Railroad;

 
Ships
and
Boats;

 
Stationary
Industrial
Equipment;
and
 
Miscellaneous
Metal
Products.

The
MP&
M
sectors
manufacture,
maintain,
and
rebuild
metal
products
under
more
than
200
different
Standard
Industrial
Classification
(
SIC)
codes.
Typical
products
in
the
MP&
M
industrial
sectors
are
listed
in
Appendix
A
to
40
CFR
438
and
Appendix
A
of
this
document
includes
a
list
of
example
SIC
codes
and
North
American
Industrial
Classification
System
(
NAICS)
codes
that
may
further
clarify
the
description
of
the
above
industrial
sectors.

The
final
rule
also
covers
direct
discharges
of
wastewater
from
MP&
M
operations
related
to
maintenance
and
repair
of
metal
products,
parts,
and
machinery
at
military
installations
(
i.
e.,
federal
facilities)
as
well
as
facilities
owned
or
operated
by
state
or
local
governments.
For
example,
the
rule
covers
wastewater
generated
from
the
maintenance
and
repair
of
aircraft,
cars,
trucks,
buses,
tanks
(
or
other
armor
personnel
carriers),
and
industrial
equipment
 
these
operations
are
commonly
performed
at
military
installations
and
state
or
local
government
maintenance
facilities.

15­
2
15.0
­
Implementation
The
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
do
not
apply
to
maintenance
or
repair
of
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
that
takes
place
only
as
ancillary
activities
at
facilities
not
included
in
the
16
MP&
M
industrial
sectors.
EPA
estimates
that
these
ancillary
repair
and
maintenance
activities
would
typically
discharge
de
minimis
quantities
of
process
wastewater.
For
example,
wastewater
discharges
from
repair
of
metal
parts
at
oil
and
gas
extraction
facilities
are
not
subject
to
the
final
rule.
The
Agency
has
concluded
that
permit
writers
will
establish
limits
using
best
professional
judgment
(
BPJ)
to
regulate
wastewater
discharges
from
ancillary
waste
streams
for
direct
dischargers
(
see
66
FR
433).
EPA
has
not
received
any
information
during
the
rulemaking
that
would
contradict
this
conclusion.

Alternatively,
EPA
is
including
oily
operation
process
wastewater
discharges
from
activities
related
to
maintaining
or
repairing
aircraft
or
other
related
(
metal)
equipment
(
e.
g.,
baggage­
handling
vehicles)
at
airports
when
those
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
are
not
already
covered
by
another
effluent
guidelines
regulation
(
see
Section
15.1.3).

15.1.2
Regulated
Subcategory
in
the
MP&
M
Effluent
Guidelines
EPA
evaluated
the
following
subcategories
for
the
MP&
M
final
rule:
General
Metals,
Metal
Finishing
Job
Shops,
Non­
Chromium
Anodizing,
Printed
Wiring
Board,
Steel
Forming
and
Finishing,
Oily
Wastes,
Railroad
Line
Maintenance,
and
Shipbuilding
Dry
Dock.
See
Section
6.0
for
a
further
discussion
on
the
subcategorization
structure
EPA
evaluated
for
the
final
rule.
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
apply
only
to
facilities
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
(
40
CFR
438,
Subpart
A).
The
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
applies
to
all
of
the
16
industrial
sectors
listed
in
the
previous
section.
Section
6.0
further
defines
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory.

15.1.3
Facilities
Not
Subject
to
the
MP&
M
Effluent
Guidelines
Certain
facilities
and
process
wastewaters
are
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
guidelines.
These
are
listed
at
40
CFR
438.1
(
b)
through
(
e)
and
are
more
fully
described
below.

Overlap
With
Metal­
Bearing
Operations
and
Existing
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
and
Standards
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
do
not
apply
to
process
wastewaters
from
metal­
bearing
operations
(
see
Section
4.0)
or
process
wastewaters
that
are
subject
to
the
limitations
and
standards
of
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines
(
e.
g.,
Metal
Finishing
(
40
CFR
433)
or
Iron
and
Steel
Manufacturing
(
40
CFR
420)).
EPA
also
established
effluent
guidelines
for
11
other
industries
that
may
perform
unit
operations
or
process
parts
that
are
sometimes
found
at
MP&
M
sites.
These
effluent
guidelines
are:

15­
3
15.0
­
Implementation
 
Electroplating
(
40
CFR
413)
1
;

 
Nonferrous
Metals
Manufacturing
(
40
CFR
421);

 
Ferroalloy
Manufacturing
(
40
CFR
424);

 
Battery
Manufacturing
(
40
CFR
461);

 
Metal
Molding
&
Casting
(
40
CFR
464);

 
Coil
Coating
(
40
CFR
465);

 
Porcelain
Enameling
(
40
CFR
466);

 
Aluminum
Forming
(
40
CFR
467);

 
Copper
Forming
(
40
CFR
468);

 
Electrical
&
Electronic
Components
(
40
CFR
469);
and
 
Nonferrous
Metals
Forming
&
Metal
Powders
(
40
CFR
471).

Under
the
proposed
rule,
there
was
overlapping
coverage
between
Parts
413,
433,
and
the
proposed
Part
438.
See
Table
15­
1,
which
clarifies
the
coverage
of
Parts
413
and
433
and
new
Part
438
with
respect
to
the
subcategories
evaluated
for
regulation
in
the
final
rule.

In
general,
when
unit
operations
and
their
associated
wastewater
discharges
are
already
covered
by
an
existing
effluent
guideline,
they
will
remain
regulated
under
that
effluent
guideline.
Additionally,
these
wastewater
discharges
will
continue
to
be
regulated
by
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
40
CFR
403),
local
limits,
and
permit
limits,
as
applicable.
The
limitations
and
standards
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
(
40
CFR
438,
Subpart
A)
apply
to
process
wastewater
generated
by
 
oily
operations 
that
are
discharged
directly
to
surface
waters
and
are
not
otherwise
covered
by
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines
and
standards.

The
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
also
do
not
apply
to
process
wastewaters
from
oily
operations
commingled
with
process
wastewaters
already
covered
by
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines
or
with
process
wastewaters
from
metal­
bearing
operations.
When
a
facility
segregates
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
from
other
process
wastewaters,
the
NPDES
permit
writer
will
use
the
MP&
M
limitations
and
standards
for
those
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
and
use
the
applicable
limitations
and
standards
for
their
other
discharges.
When
a
facility
commingles
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
with
other
process
wastewaters
already
covered
by
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines
or
with
process
wastewaters
from
metal­
bearing
operations,
the
entire
commingled
stream
is
not
regulated
by
the
MP&
M
limitations
and
standards.
This
provision
must
be
examined
for
each
point
source
discharge
at
a
given
facility
and
is
codified
at
40
CFR
438.1(
b).

Table
15­
1
summarizes
the
coverage
of
industrial
operations
by
each
MP&
M
subcategory
evaluated
for
the
final
rule.

1Part
413
applies
only
to
indirect
discharging
job
shops
and
independent
printed
circuit
board
manufacturers
in
operation
prior
to
August
31,
1982.

15­
4
15.0
­
Implementation
Table
15­
1
Clarification
of
Coverage
by
MP&
M
Subcategory
Evaluated
for
the
Final
Rule
Subcategory
Evaluated
for
the
Final
Rule
Continue
to
Cover
Under
40
CFR
413a
(
Electroplating)
Continue
to
Cover
Under
40
CFR
433
(
Metal
Finishing)
Cover
Under
40
CFR
438
(
Metal
Products
&
Machinery)

General
Metals
(
Including
Continuous
Electroplaters)
b
Existing
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
413.
New
and
existing
direct
and
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
433.
None
Metal
Finishing
Job
Shops
Existing
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
413.
New
and
existing
direct
and
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
433.
None
Non­
Chromium
Anodizing
Existing
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
413.
New
and
existing
direct
and
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
433.
None
Printed
Wiring
Board
(
Printed
Circuit
Board)
Existing
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
413.
New
and
existing
direct
and
indirect
dischargers
covered
by
Part
433.
None
Steel
Forming
and
Finishingc
NA
NA
None
Oily
Wastes
NA
NA
All
new
and
existing
direct
dischargers
under
this
subcategory
(
See
438.10).

Railroad
Line
Maintenance
NA
NA
None
Shipbuilding
Dry
Dock
NA
NA
None
NA
­
Not
applicable.
a
Part
413
applies
only
to
indirect
discharging
job
shops
and
independent
printed
circuit
board
manufacturers
in
operation
prior
to
August
31,
1982.
b
Part
413
specifically
excludes
continuous
electroplaters.
Instead
they
are
covered
by
Part
433.
c
These
facilities
will
continue
to
be
subject
to
Part
420.

15­
5
15.0
­
Implementation
Applicability
of
MP&
M
Effluent
Guidelines
to
Washing
Operations
Wastewater
discharges
resulting
from
the
washing
of
cars,
aircraft,
or
other
vehicles,
when
performed
only
for
aesthetic
or
cosmetic
purposes,
are
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.
Direct
discharges
resulting
from
the
washing
of
cars,
aircraft,
or
other
vehicles,
when
performed
as
a
preparatory
step
prior
to
one
or
more
successive
manufacturing,
rebuilding,
or
maintenance
operations,
are
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.
This
provision
is
codified
at
40
CFR
438.1(
c).
For
example,
if
an
auto
repair
facility
washes
a
vehicle
in
order
to
perform
painting
(
an
oily
operation
covered
by
the
final
rule),
that
wash
water
from
the
vehicle
is
considered
an
oily
operation
process
wastewater.
Aesthetic
or
cosmetic
wastewater
discharges
commingled
with
directly
discharged
MP&
M
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
must
be
accounted
for
as
nonregulated
wastewaters
using
the
building­
block
approach
to
develop
facility­
specific
permits
limits
(
see
Section
15.3
for
additional
information
on
using
the
building­
block
approach).

Applicability
of
MP&
M
Effluent
Guidelines
to
Railroad
Line
Maintenance
Facilities
and
Railroad
Overhaul
or
Heavy
Maintenance
Facilities
Wastewater
discharges
from
railroad
line
maintenance
facilities
are
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.
Wastewater
discharges
from
railroad
overhaul
or
heavy
maintenance
facilities
may
be
covered
by
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
(
Subpart
A),
the
Metal
Finishing
Point
Source
Category
(
40
CFR
433),
or
by
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines,
as
applicable.
This
provision
is
codified
at
40
CFR
438.1(
d).

Facilities
engaged
in
the
manufacture,
overhaul,
or
heavy
maintenance
of
railroad
engines,
cars,
car­
wheel
trucks,
or
similar
parts
or
machines
( 
railroad
overhaul
or
heavy
maintenance
facilities )
typically
perform
different
unit
operations
than
railroad
line
maintenance
facilities.
Railroad
line
maintenance
facilities
perform
routine
cleaning
and
light
maintenance
on
railroad
engines,
cars,
car­
wheel
trucks,
or
similar
parts
or
machines,
and
discharge
wastewater
exclusively
from
oily
operations.
These
facilities
only
perform
one
or
more
of
the
following
operations:
assembly/
disassembly,
floor
cleaning,
maintenance
machining
(
wheel
truing),
touch­
up
painting,
and
washing.

Railroad
overhaul
or
heavy
maintenance
facilities
are
engaged
in
the
manufacture,
overhaul,
or
heavy
maintenance
of
railroad
engines,
cars,
car­
wheel
trucks,
or
similar
parts
or
machines.
These
facilities
typically
perform
one
or
more
of
the
same
operations
as
railroad
line
maintenance
facilities
and
one
or
more
of
the
following
operations:
abrasive
blasting,
alkaline
cleaning,
aqueous
degreasing,
corrosion
preventive
coating,
electrical
discharge
machining,
grinding,
heat
treating,
impact
deformation,
painting,
plasma
arc
machining,
polishing,
pressure
deformation,
soldering/
brazing,
stripping
(
paint),
testing,
thermal
cutting,
and
welding.

Permit
writers
will
need
to
examine
operations
at
each
railroad
overhaul
or
heavy
maintenance
facility
to
determine
whether
they
fall
under
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines,
the
Metal
Finishing
Point
Source
Category
(
40
CFR
433),
or
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines.

15­
6
15.0
­
Implementation
For
example,
process
wastewaters
from
metal­
bearing
operations
(
e.
g.,
stripping
(
paint))
at
railroad
overhaul
or
heavy
maintenance
facilities
are
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
(
i.
e.,
stripping
(
paint)
is
a
metal­
bearing
operation).

Other
Wastewaters
Not
Subject
to
the
MP&
M
Effluent
Guidelines
Other
wastewaters
and
facilities
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
are
codified
at
40
CFR
438.1(
e)
and
are
described
below.

The
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
do
not
apply
to
nonprocess
wastewater.
Nonprocess
wastewater
means
sanitary
wastewater,
noncontact
cooling
water,
water
from
laundering,
and
noncontact
stormwater.
Nonprocess
wastewater
also
includes
wastewater
discharges
from
nonindustrial
sources
such
as
residential
housing,
schools,
churches,
recreational
parks,
shopping
centers
as
well
as
wastewater
discharges
from
gas
stations,
utility
plants,
and
hospitals.
EPA
considers
stormwater
that
is
commingled
with
MP&
M
oily
operation
process
wastewater
(
i.
e.,
contact
stormwater)
prior
to
treatment
or
discharge
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.
Sanitary
wastewater,
noncontact
cooling
water,
water
from
laundering,
and
noncontact
stormwater
commingled
with
directly
discharged
MP&
M
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
must
be
accounted
for
as
nonregulated
wastewaters
using
the
building­
block
approach
to
develop
facility
specific
permits
limits
(
see
Section
15.3).

The
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
also
do
not
apply
to
wastewater
discharges
from
oily
operations
introduced
into
a
publicly
owned
treatment
works
(
POTW)
or
a
federally
owned
and
operated
treatment
works
treating
domestic
sewage
(
TWTDS),
as
defined
at
40
CFR
122.2.
These
wastewater
discharges
will
be
subject
to
General
Pretreatment
Standards
(
40
CFR
403),
local
limits,
permit
limits,
and
other
effluent
guidelines,
as
applicable.

The
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
also
do
not
apply
to
wastewater
discharges
in
or
on
dry
docks
and
similar
structures,
such
as
graving
docks,
building
ways,
marine
railways,
lift
barges
at
shipbuilding
facilities
(
or
shipyards),
and
ships
that
are
afloat.
This
provision
is
codified
at
40
CFR
438(
e)(
5)
and
applies
only
to
process
wastewater
generated
and
discharged
from
oily
operations
and
metal­
bearing
operations
inside
and
outside
ships
(
including
bilge
water
and
dry
dock
stormwater)
that
occur
in
or
on
dry
docks
or
similar
structures.

In
addition
to
these
dry
dock
wastewaters,
three
other
types
of
water
streams
are
in
or
on
dry
docks
and
similar
structures:
flooding
water,
dry
dock
ballast
water,
and
stormwater.
Flooding
water
enters
and
exits
the
dry
dock
or
similar
structure
prior
to
performing
any
MP&
M
operations.
For
example,
in
a
graving
dock,
the
gates
are
opened,
allowing
flooding
water
in
and
ships
to
float
inside
the
chamber.
Then
the
flooding
water
is
drained,
leaving
the
ship s
exterior
exposed
so
shipyard
employees
can
repair
and
maintain
the
ship s
hull.
Dry
dock
ballast
water
serves
a
similar
purpose.
It
is
used
to
lower
(
or
sink)
a
floating
dry
dock
so
that
a
ship
can
float
over
it.
Then
the
dry
dock
ballast
water
is
pumped
out,
raising
the
dry
dock
with
the
ship
on
top.
Flooding
water
and
dry
dock
ballast
water
are
not
directly
associated
with
MP&
M
operations.
Finally,
because
these
structures
are
located
outdoors
and
are
exposed
to
the
elements,

15­
7
15.0
­
Implementation
stormwater
may
fall
in
or
on
the
dry
dock
or
similar
structures.
All
three
of
these
wastewaters
(
i.
e.,
flooding
water,
dry
dock
ballast
water,
and
stormwater)
are
excluded
from
the
scope
of
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.

However,
the
Agency
is
including
direct
discharges
of
process
wastewater
from
oily
operations
that
is
generated
at
other
shipyard
locations
( 
on­
shore 
operations)
in
the
MP&
M
regulation
rule
(
assuming
the
other
exclusions
of
Parts
438.1
and
438.10
do
not
apply).
EPA
included
wastewaters
from
these
oily
 
on­
shore 
shipbuilding
operations
(
e.
g.,
machining,
floor
cleaning,
solvent
degreasing,
dye
penetrant
testing,
and
grinding)
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory.
Such
oily
operations
are
typically
found
in
a
machine
shop
in
the
shipyard.
Wastewaters
subject
to
the
Shipbuilding
Dry
Dock
exclusion
commingled
with
directly
discharged
MP&
M
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
must
be
accounted
for
as
nonregulated
wastewaters
using
the
building­
block
approach
to
develop
facility
specific
permits
limits
(
see
Section
15.3).

Also,
EPA
is
not
including
wastewater
generated
onboard
ships
when
they
are
afloat
(
i.
e.,
not
in
dry
docks
or
similar
structures).
For
U.
S.
military
ships,
EPA
is
in
the
process
of
establishing
standards
under
the
Uniform
National
Discharge
Standards
(
UNDS)
pursuant
to
Section
312(
n)
of
the
Clean
Water
Act
(
CWA)
(
see
64
F.
R.
25125;
May
10,
1999)
to
regulate
discharges
of
wastewater
generated
onboard
these
ships
when
they
are
in
U.
S.
waters
and
are
afloat
(
e.
g.,
at
a
shipyard s
dock).

For
reasons
discussed
in
the
preamble
to
the
final
rule
and
Section
9.0,
wastewater
generated
by
facilities
primarily
performing
drum
reconditioning
and
cleaning
to
prepare
metal
drums
for
resale,
reuse,
or
disposal
are
also
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.
This
provision
only
covers
facilities
in
the
Industrial
Container
and
Drum
Cleaning
(
ICDC)
industry.
This
industry
is
within
the
1987
Standard
Industrial
Classification
(
SIC)
Code
7699
(
Repair
Shops
and
Related
Services,
Not
Elsewhere
Classified).
All
other
facilities
in
this
SIC
code
are
included
in
the
 
Miscellaneous
Metal
Products 
MP&
M
industrial
sector
(
see
Appendix
A
and
Section
15.1.1).
The
ICDC
industry
includes
facilities
that
clean
and
recondition
metal
and
plastic
drums
and
intermediate
bulk
containers
(
IBCs)
for
resale,
reuse,
or
disposal.
ICDC
facilities
can
be
further
classified
as
facilities
that
either
burn
open­
head
steel
drums
or
wash
plastic
or
tight­
head
(
i.
e.,
bung­
type)
steel
drums
and
IBCs.
Most
ICDC
facilities
purchase
used
drums
or
containers
that
they
clean
and
recondition
for
resale.

EPA
estimates
that
most
ICDC
facilities
discharge
ICDC
wastewater
and
that
all
or
almost
all
of
these
facilities
discharge
indirectly
to
a
POTW.
EPA
has
not
identified
any
facilities
that
discharge
directly
to
surface
waters.
EPA
also
estimates
that
a
portion
of
the
industry
achieves
zero
discharge
by
hauling
the
wastewater
to
a
centralized
waste
treatment
facility,
or
disposing
of
the
wastewater
by
land
application
or
evaporation.
Alternatively,
some
ICDC
facilities
achieve
zero
discharge
by
recycling
or
reusing
100
percent
of
its
wastewater
(
see
Section
22.1,
DCN
17933
and
Section
24.1,
DCN
17853
of
the
rulemaking
record).

15­
8
15.0
­
Implementation
For
reasons
discussed
in
the
preamble
to
the
final
rule
and
Section
9.0,
the
following
wastewater
discharges
are
also
not
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines:

 
Process
wastewater
generated
by
maintenance
and
repair
activities
at
gasoline
service
stations
(
SIC
Code
5541),
passenger
car
rental
facilities,
or
utility
trailer
and
recreational
vehicle
rental
facilities
(
SIC
Code
7514
or
7519);
and
 
Wastewater
from
gravure
cylinder
and
metallic
platemaking
conducted
within
or
for
printing
and
publishing
facilities
(
SIC
Code
2796).

Figure
15­
1
shows
the
MP&
M
permitting
process
flow
chart.

15.2
Compliance
Dates
New
and
reissued
federal
and
state
NPDES
permits
to
MP&
M
direct
dischargers
must
include
the
limitations
and
standards
in
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines.
The
permits
must
require
immediate
compliance
with
such
limitations.
If
the
permitting
authority
wishes
to
provide
additional
time
for
compliance,
the
permit
authority
should
consider
issuance
of
an
enforcement
order
that
provides
for
a
schedule
for
compliance.

New
sources
must
comply
with
the
new
source
performance
standards
(
NSPS)
of
the
MP&
M
rule
at
the
time
they
commence
discharging
MP&
M
process
wastewater.
The
Agency
considers
a
discharger
a
new
source
if
its
construction
commences
30
days
after
the
publication
date
of
the
final
rule
in
the
Federal
Register
.

15.3
Limits
Development
To
develop
limits
for
process
wastewaters
covered
by
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines,
a
permit
writer
must
first
determine
if
the
process
wastewater
is
subject
to
the
regulation
by
determining
the
type
of
discharge
(
i.
e.,
direct)
and
examining
the
unit
operation(
s)
that
generate
the
process
wastewater
(
see
Section
15.1
and
Section
6.0).
This
requires
careful
consideration
of
the
applicability
criteria
in
Sections
438.1
and
438.10
of
the
final
rule.
After
the
permit
writer
determines
that
a
process
wastewater
is
subject
to
the
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines,
the
next
step
is
to
determine
the
applicable
limitations
and
standards.
Table
15­
2
presents
the
concentration­
based
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
for
new
and
existing
direct
dischargers
in
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
(
40
CFR
438,
Subpart
A).
The
permit
writer
must
then
apply
these
limitations
and
standards
to
the
MP&
M
process
wastewater
directly
discharged
from
the
facility.

15­
9
15.0
­
Implementation
15­
10
Figure
15­
1.
MP&
M
Permitting
Process
Flow
Chart
15.0
­
Implementation
Table
15­
2
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
for
the
MP&
M
Point
Source
Category
(
40
CFR
438)

BPT/
BCT/
NSPS
­
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
Regulated
Parameter
Maximum
Daily
mg/
L
(
ppm)

Total
Suspended
Solids
(
TSS)
62
Oil
and
Grease
(
as
HEM)
46
pH
a
aDischarges
must
remain
within
the
pH
range
6
to
9.

When
oily
operations
are
commingled
prior
to
treatment
or
discharged
with
nonprocess
(
e.
g.,
noncontact
cooling
water)
or
nonregulated
wastewater
(
e.
g.,
wastewater
from
aesthetic
cleaning
of
vehicles),
the
permit
writer
will
establish
nonregulated
limitations
for
such
streams
on
a
BPJ
basis.
The
permit
writer
will
establish
limitations
for
the
combined
stream
using
the
 
building­
block 
approach,
using
a
flow­
weighted
combination
of
the
applicable
guideline
limitations
(
found
in
Table
15­
2)
and
the
BPJ
limitation
for
the
nonprocess
wastewater
or
nonregulated
waste
stream.
For
further
information,
see
EPA
NPDES
Permit
Writers
Manual,
Chapter
5,
pp.
61­
63
(
1).

Although
EPA
is
not
promulgating
mass­
based
limitations
in
the
final
MP&
M
rule,
permit
writers
may
want
to
develop
mass­
based
limitations,
if
appropriate
(
e.
g.,
a
facility
does
not
have
adequate
water
conservation
practices).
The
National
Pollutant
Discharge
Elimination
System
(
NPDES)
regulations
at
40
CFR
122.45(
f)
require
permit
writers
to
develop
mass­
based
limitations
for
direct
dischargers
except
in
cases
where
the
limitations
are
expressed
in
other
units
of
measurement
(
e.
g.,
a
concentration).

For
MP&
M
facilities
that
have
good
water
conservation
practices,
concentration­
based
rather
than
mass­
based
effluent
limitations
may
be
sufficient.
However,
the
Agency
anticipates
that
MP&
M
facilities
that
have
been
using
the
best
pollution
prevention
and
water
conservation
practices
may
request
that
the
permit
writer
establish
mass­
based
limits
in
their
permit.

Since
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
are
concentration­
based
limitations
and
standards,
NPDES
permit
writers
will
include
these
limitations
and
standards
in
NPDES
permits
for
MP&
M
facilities.
NPDES
permit
writers
may
also
establish
mass­
based
limits
in
addition
to
the
MP&
M
concentration­
based
limitations
and
standards
for
MP&
M
facilities
(
see
122.45(
f)(
2)).
In
such
cases,
the
NPDES
permit
will
require
the
permittee
to
comply
with
both
mass­
based
and
concentration­
based
limits.

15­
11
15.0
­
Implementation
Because
EPA
did
not
promulgate
mass­
based
limitations
and
because
it
did
not
codify
the
method
to
determine
the
flow
rate
in
these
cases,
the
permit
writer
may
use
methods
other
than
historical
flow
and
production
data
to
calculate
mass­
based
limitations.
EPA
has
published
several
documents
that
provide
guidance
for
determining
the
appropriate
process
wastewater
flow
rate
and
establishing
mass­
based
limitations
(
1,
2,
3).

EPA
based
the
final
concentration­
based
MP&
M
effluent
limitations
on
the
performance
of
in­
process
pollution
prevention
and
flow­
reduction
technologies
followed
by
end­
of­
pipe
treatment.
In­
process
technologies
include:
conductivity
meters,
flow
restrictors,
and
countercurrent
cascade
rinsing
for
flowing
rinses;
at­
the­
source
machine
coolant
recycling;
and
at­
the­
source
paint
curtain
recycling.
The
end­
of­
pipe
treatment
for
the
Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
is
chemical
emulsion
breaking
and
oil/
water
separation
(
see
Sections
8.0
and
9.0).
EPA
is
promulgating
performance­
based
limitations
and
standards
to
control
direct
discharges;
these
limitations
and
standards
do
not
require
the
use
of
any
particular
pollution
prevention
or
wastewater
treatment
technology.
Rather,
a
facility
may
use
any
combination
of
pollution
prevention
and
wastewater
treatment
technology
to
comply
with
the
limitations.
Direct
dischargers
must
also
comply
with
other
applicable
regulations
(
e.
g.,
NPDES
regulations
(
40
CFR
122)).

The
MP&
M
effluent
guidelines
also
do
not
apply
to
process
wastewaters
from
oily
operations
commingled
with
process
wastewaters
already
subject
to
other
effluent
limitations
guidelines
or
with
process
wastewaters
from
metal­
bearing
operations.
When
a
facility
segregates
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
from
other
process
wastewaters,
the
NPDES
permit
writer
will
apply
the
MP&
M
limitations
and
standards
for
those
oily
operation
process
wastewaters
(
at
that
outfall)
and
apply
the
applicable
limitations
and
standards
for
their
other
discharges
(
at
the
other
outfall(
s)).
For
additional
guidance
regarding
limits
development,
see
EPA s
NPDES
Permit
Writers 
Manual
(
1).

15.4
Compliance
Monitoring
Permit
writers
must
establish
requirements
for
regulated
facilities
to
monitor
their
effluent
to
ensure
that
they
are
complying
with
permit
limitations.
As
specified
in
40
CFR
122.41,
122.44,
and
122.48,
all
NPDES
permits
must
specify
requirements
for
using,
maintaining,
and
installing
(
if
appropriate)
monitoring
equipment;
monitoring
type,
intervals,
and
frequencies
that
will
provide
representative
data;
analytical
methods;
and
reporting
and
recordkeeping.
The
NPDES
program
requires
permittees
(
with
certain
specific
exceptions)
to
monitor
for
limited
pollutants
and
report
data
at
least
once
per
year.

The
Agency
has
not
promulgated
specific
monitoring
requirements
or
monitoring
frequencies
in
the
MP&
M
regulation;
therefore,
permit
authorities
may
establish
monitoring
requirements
and
monitoring
frequencies
at
their
discretion.
The
Agency
notes,
however,
that
in
developing
the
Part
438
limitations,
EPA
considered
a
monthly
sampling
frequency.
In
addition,
Part
136
requires
facilities
to
collect
grab
samples
for
oil
and
grease.
In
developing
the
Part
438
oil
and
grease
limitations,
EPA
generally
collected
four
grab
samples
in
a
24­
hour
monitoring
15­
12
15.0
­
Implementation
day.
The
sample
types
for
pH
can
range
from
a
one­
time
grab
sample
during
a
monitoring
day
to
continuous
sampling
for
a
monitoring
day
where
pH
is
a
critical
aspect
of
the
wastewater
treated
or
the
wastewater
treatment
operation.

15.5
References
1.
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
NPDES
Permit
Writers 
Manual
.
EPA­
833­
B­
96­
003,
December
1996.

2.
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Guidance
Manual
For
the
Use
of
Production­
Based
Pretreatment
Standards
and
the
Combined
Wastestream
Formula
.
EPA­
833­
B­
85­
201,
September
1985.

3.
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
Guidance
Manual
for
Electroplating
and
Metal
Finishing
Pretreatment
Standards
.
EPA­
440/
1­
84­
091g,
February
1984.

15­
13
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
16.0
GLOSSARY
OF
TERMS
This
glossary
includes
a
collection
of
the
terms
used
in
this
document
and
an
explanation
of
each
term.
To
the
extent
that
definitions
and
explanations
provided
in
this
glossary
differ
from
those
in
EPA
regulations
or
other
official
documents,
they
are
intended
for
use
in
understanding
this
manual
only.

Act
­
The
Clean
Water
Act.

Administrator
­
The
Administrator
of
the
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

Agency
­
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
also
referred
to
as
 
EPA ).

Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
(
AWQC)
­
Water
quality
criteria
set
ambient
levels
of
individual
pollutants
or
parameters,
or
describe
conditions
of
a
water
body
that,
if
met,
will
generally
protect
the
designated
use
of
the
water.
Water
quality
criteria
are
developed
to
protect
aquatic
life
and
human
health,
and,
in
some
cases,
wildlife
from
the
deleterious
effects
of
pollutants.

AMSA
­
Association
of
Metropolitan
Sewerage
Agencies
Best
Available
Technology
Economically
Achievable
(
BAT)
­
Technology­
based
standard
established
by
the
Clean
Water
Act
(
CWA)
as
the
most
appropriate
means
available
on
a
national
basis
for
controlling
the
direct
discharge
of
toxic
and
nonconventional
pollutants
to
navigable
waters.
BAT
effluent
limitations
guidelines,
in
general,
represent
the
best
existing
performance
of
treatment
technologies
that
are
economically
achievable
within
an
industrial
point
source
category
or
subcategory.
Best
available
technology
economically
achievable
is
defined
by
Section
304(
b)(
2)(
B)
of
the
Clean
Water
Act.

Best
Conventional
Pollutant
Control
Technology
(
BCT)
­
Technology
based
standard
for
the
discharge
from
existing
industrial
point
sources
of
conventional
pollutants
including
BOD,
TSS,
fecal
coliform,
pH,
oil
and
grease.
The
BCT
is
established
in
light
of
a
two­
part
 
cost
reasonableness 
test
which
compares
the
cost
for
an
industry
to
reduce
its
pollutant
discharge
with
the
cost
to
a
POTW
for
similar
levels
of
reduction
of
a
pollutant
loading.
The
second
test
examines
the
cost­
effectiveness
of
additional
industrial
treatment
beyond
BPT.
EPA
must
find
limits
which
are
reasonable
under
both
tests
before
establishing
them
as
BCT.

Best
Management
Practices
(
BMP)
­
Sections
304(
e),
308(
a),
402(
a),
and
501(
a)
of
the
CWA
authorize
the
Administrator
to
prescribe
BMPs
as
part
of
effluent
limitations
guidelines
and
standards
or
as
part
of
a
permit.

16­
1
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Best
Practicable
Control
Technology
Currently
Available
(
BPT)
­
The
first
level
of
technology­
based
standards
established
by
the
CWA
to
control
pollutants
discharged
to
waters
of
the
U.
S.
BPT
effluent
limitations
guidelines
are
generally
based
on
the
average
of
the
best
existing
performance
by
plants
within
an
industrial
category
or
subcategory.

Best
Professional
Judgment
(
BPJ)
­
Best
professional
judgement.
The
method
used
by
permit
writers
to
develop
technology­
based
NPDES
permit
conditions
on
a
case­
by­
case
basis
using
all
reasonably
available
and
relevant
data.

Biochemical
Oxygen
Demand
(
BOD)
­
A
measurement
of
the
amount
of
oxygen
utilized
by
the
decomposition
of
organic
material,
over
a
specified
time
period
(
usually
5
days)
in
a
wastewater
sample;
it
is
used
as
a
measurement
of
the
readily
decomposable
organic
content
of
a
wastewater
(
see
Appendix
B).

Categorical
Industrial
User
(
CIU)
­
An
industrial
user
subject
to
National
categorical
pretreatment
standards.

Categorical
Pretreatment
Standards
­
Limitations
on
pollutant
discharges
to
publicly
owned
treatment
works
promulgated
by
EPA
in
accordance
with
Section
307
of
the
Clean
Water
Act
that
apply
to
specified
process
wastewaters
of
particular
industrial
categories.

Chemical
Oxygen
Demand
(
COD)
­
A
measure
of
the
oxygen­
consuming
capacity
of
inorganic
and
organic
matter
present
in
wastewater.
COD
is
expressed
as
the
amount
of
oxygen
consumed
in
mg/
l.
Results
do
not
necessarily
correlate
to
the
biochemical
oxygen
demand
(
BOD)
because
the
chemical
oxidant
may
react
with
substances
that
bacteria
do
not
stabilize
(
see
Appendix
B).

Clean
Air
Act
(
CAA)
­
Clean
Air
Act
(
42
U.
S.
C.
7401
et
seq.,
as
amended).

Clean
Water
Act
(
CWA)
­
33
U.
S.
C.
1251
et
seq.,
as
amended.

Code
of
Federal
Regulations
(
CFR)
­
These
regulations
are
published
by
the
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office.
A
codification
of
the
general
and
permanent
rules
published
in
the
Federal
Register
by
the
executive
departments
and
agencies
of
the
federal
government.
Title
40
of
the
CFR
contains
the
environmental
regulations.

Composite
Sample
­
Sample
composed
of
two
or
more
discrete
samples.
The
aggregate
sample
will
reflect
the
average
water
quality
covering
the
compositing
or
sample
period.

Confidential
Business
Information
(
CBI)
­
Section
308
of
the
CWA
authorizes
EPA
to
collect
information,
including
confidential
business
information,
in
support
of
developing
effluent
guidelines.
When
requested
to
do
so,
EPA
is
required
to
consider
information
to
be
confidential
and
to
treat
it
accordingly
if
disclosure
would
divulge
methods
or
processes
entitled
to
protection
as
trade
secrets.

16­
2
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Contract
Hauling
­
The
removal
of
any
waste
stream
from
a
site
by
a
company
authorized
to
transport
and
dispose
of
the
waste,
excluding
discharges
to
sewers
or
surface
waters.

Control
Authority
­
The
term
 
control
authority 
as
used
in
Section
403.12
refers
to:
(
1)
the
POTW
if
the
POTW s
submission
for
its
pretreatment
program
(
§
403.3(
t)(
1))
has
been
approved
in
accordance
with
the
requirements
of
§
403.11;
or
(
2)
the
approval
authority
if
the
submission
has
not
been
approved.

Conventional
Pollutants
­
Pollutants
typical
of
municipal
sewage,
and
for
which
municipal
secondary
treatment
plants
are
typically
designed;
defined
by
Federal
Regulation
(
40
CFR
§
401.16)
as
BOD,
TSS,
fecal
coliform
bacteria,
oil
and
grease,
and
pH.

Corrosion
preventive
coating
­
The
application
of
removable
oily
or
organic
solutions
to
protect
metal
surfaces
against
corrosive
environments.
Corrosion
preventive
coatings
include,
but
are
not
limited
to:
petrolatum
compounds,
oils,
hard
dry­
film
compounds,
solvent­
cutback
petroleum­
based
compounds,
emulsions,
water­
displacing
polar
compounds,
and
fingerprint
removers
and
neutralizers.
Corrosion
preventive
coating
does
not
include
electroplating,
or
chemical
conversion
coating
operations.

Cost­
effectiveness
(
CE)
­
A
ratio
of
compliance
costs
(
in
1981$)
to
the
toxic
pounds
of
pollutants
removed
in
terms
of
pound­
equivalents
(
PE).

Daily
Discharge
­
The
discharge
of
a
pollutant
measured
during
any
24­
hour
period
that
reasonably
represents
a
calendar
day
for
purposes
of
sampling.
For
pollutants
with
limitations
expressed
in
units
of
mass,
the
daily
discharge
is
calculated
as
the
total
mass
of
the
pollutant
discharged
during
the
day.
For
pollutants
with
limitations
expressed
in
other
units
of
measurement
(
e.
g.,
concentration)
the
daily
discharge
is
calculated
as
the
average
measurement
of
the
pollutant
throughout
the
day
(
see
40
CFR
§
122.2).

Direct
Capital
Costs
­
One­
time
capital
costs
associated
with
the
purchase,
installation,
and
delivery
of
a
specific
technology.
The
MP&
M
cost
model
estimates
direct
capital
costs.

Direct
Discharger
­
An
industrial
discharger
that
introduces
wastewater
to
a
water
of
the
United
States
with
or
without
treatment
by
the
discharger.

Director
­
The
Regional
Administrator
or
State
Director,
as
the
context
requires,
or
an
authorized
representative.
When
there
is
no
approved
State
program,
and
there
is
an
EPA
administered
program,
Director
means
the
Regional
Administrator.
When
there
is
an
approved
State
program,
 
Director 
normally
means
the
State
Director.

Discharge
Monitoring
Report
(
DMR)
­
The
form
used
to
report
self­
monitoring
results
by
NPDES
permittees.
DMRs
must
be
used
by
approved
States
as
well
as
by
EPA.

Dissolved
air
flotation
(
DAF)
­
A
wastewater
treatment
technology
(
see
Section
8.0).

16­
3
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Economic,
Environmental,
and
Benefits
Analysis
of
the
Final
Metal
Products
&
Machinery
Rule
(
EEBA)
­
This
document
(
EPA­
821­
B­
03­
002)
presents
the
methodology
employed
to
assess
economic
impacts
and
environmental
impacts
and
benefits
of
the
final
rule
and
the
results
of
the
analysis.

Effluent
Limitation
­
Any
restriction
imposed
by
the
Director
on
quantities,
discharge
rates,
and
concentrations
of
pollutants
which
are
discharged
from
point
sources
into
waters
of
the
United
States,
the
waters
of
the
contiguous
zone,
or
the
ocean.

Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
(
ELG)
­
A
regulation
published
by
the
Administrator
under
Section
304(
b)
of
CWA
that
establishes
national
technology­
based
effluent
requirements
for
a
specific
industrial
category.

Emission
­
Passage
of
air
pollutants
into
the
atmosphere
via
a
gas
stream
or
other
means.

End­
of­
Pipe
Treatment
(
EOP)
­
Refers
to
those
processes
that
treat
a
facility
waste
stream
for
pollutant
removal
prior
to
discharge.

EPA
­
The
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
also
referred
to
as
 
the
Agency ).

Existing
source
­
For
this
rule,
any
facility
from
which
there
is
or
may
be
a
discharge
of
pollutants,
the
construction
of
which
is
commenced
before
the
publication
of
the
MP&
M
final
final
regulations.

Facility
­
A
place
of
business
that
manufactures,
rebuilds,
or
maintains
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
(
also
referred
to
as
 
site ).
See
Section
1.0
for
the
applicability
of
the
MP&
M
final
rule.
The
facility
includes
all
contiguous
and
noncontiguous
property
with
established
boundaries
owned,
operated,
leased,
or
under
control
of
the
business
entity.
The
property
may
be
divided
by
public
or
private
right­
of­
way.

Federal
Register
(
FR)
­
This
document
is
published
by
the
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office.
A
publication
making
available
to
the
public
regulations
and
legal
notices
issued
by
federal
agencies.

Federally
Owned
Treatment
Works
(
FOTW)
­
Any
device
or
system
owned
and/
or
operated
by
a
U.
S.
federal
agency
to
recycle,
reclaim,
or
treat
liquid
sewage
or
liquid
industrial
wastes.

Full
Time
Equivalents
(
FTE)
­
This
is
related
to
the
number
of
employees
at
a
given
facility.

Fundamentally
Different
Factors
(
FDF)
­
Those
components
of
a
petitioner s
facility
that
are
determined
to
be
so
unlike
those
components
considered
by
EPA
during
development
of
the
MP&
M
final
rule
that
the
facility
is
worthy
of
a
variance
(
see
Section
XI.
C.
1
of
the
preamble
to
the
final
rule).

16­
4
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
General
Metals
(
GM)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

Grab
Sample
­
A
sample
which
is
taken
from
a
wastestream
on
a
one­
time
basis
without
consideration
of
the
flow
rate
of
the
wastestream
and
without
consideration
of
time.

Hazardous
Air
Pollutant
(
HAP)
­
Substances
listed
by
EPA
as
air
toxics
under
Section
112
of
the
Clean
Air
Act.

Hazardous
Waste
­
Any
material
that
meets
the
Resource
Conservation
and
Recovery
Act
definition
of
 
hazardous
waste 
contained
in
40
CFR
261.

Hexane
Extractable
Material
(
HEM)
­
A
method­
defined
parameter
that
measures
the
presence
of
relatively
nonvolatile
hydrocarbons,
vegetable
oils,
animal
fats,
waxes,
soaps,
greases,
and
related
material
that
are
extractable
in
the
solvent
n­
hexane
(
see
Appendix
B).

Indirect
Capital
Costs
­
One­
time
capital
costs
that
are
not
technology­
specific
and
are
represented
as
a
multiplication
factor
that
is
applied
to
the
direct
capital
costs
estimated
in
the
MP&
M
cost
model.

Indirect
Discharge
­
The
introduction
of
pollutants
into
a
municipal
sewage
treatment
system
from
any
nondomestic
source
(
i.
e.,
any
industrial
or
commercial
facility)
regulated
under
Section
307(
b),
(
c),
or
(
d)
of
the
CWA.

Influent
­
Wastewater
entering
a
facility
wastewater
treatment
unit.

Information
Collection
Request
(
ICR)
­
The
Paperwork
Reduction
Act
(
44
U.
S.
C.
3501
et
seq.)
stipulates
that
every
federal
agency,
including
EPA,
must
obtain
approval
from
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
before
collecting
the
same
or
similar
information
from
10
or
more
members
of
the
public.

Local
Limits
­
Conditional
discharge
limits
imposed
by
municipalities
upon
industrial
or
commercial
facilities
that
discharge
to
the
municipal
sewage
treatment
system.

Long­
term
average
(
LTA)
­
For
purposes
of
the
pretreatment
standards,
average
pollutant
levels
achieved
over
a
period
of
time
by
a
facility,
subcategory,
or
technology
option.

Maximum
Achievable
Control
Technology
(
MACT)
­
Air
pollution
control
applicable
to
hazardous
air
pollutants
(
HAPs)
­
see
NESHAPS.

16­
5
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Maximum
daily
discharge
limitation
­
Definitions
provided
at
40
CFR
122.2
state
that
the
"
maximum
daily
discharge
limitation"
is
the
"
highest
allowable
 
daily
discharge.'
"
Daily
discharge
is
defined
as
the
" 
discharge
of
a
pollutant'
measured
during
a
calendar
day
or
any
24­
hour
period
that
reasonably
represents
the
calendar
day
for
purposes
of
sampling."
Section
10.0
describes
the
data
selection
and
calculations
used
to
develop
the
final
rule
limitations.

Metal­
bearing
operations
­
One
or
more
of
the
operations
listed
in
40
CFR
438.2(
d).
See
also
Section
1.0.

Metal
Finishing
Job
Shops
(
MFJS)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

Metal
Products
and
Machinery
(
MP&
M)
­
A
regulation
published
by
the
Administrator
under
Section
304(
b)
of
CWA
that
establishes
national
technology­
based
effluent
requirements
for
the
Metal
Products
and
Machinery
Point
Source
Category.

Million
gallons
per
year
(
MGY)
­
Unit
of
effluent
discharge.

Minimum
Level
­
The
lowest
concentration
that
can
be
reliably
measured
by
an
analytical
method.

Mixed­
Use
Facility
­
Any
municipal,
private,
U.
S.
military
or
federal
facility
that
contains
both
industrial
and
commercial/
administrative
buildings
at
which
one
or
more
industrial
sites
conduct
operations
within
the
facility s
boundaries.

National
Emissions
Standards
for
Hazardous
Air
Pollutants
(
NESHAPS)
­
Emissions
standards
set
by
EPA
for
an
air
pollutant
that
may
cause
an
increase
in
fatalities
or
in
serious,
irreversible,
or
incapacitating
illness.

National
Pollutant
Discharge
Elimination
System
(
NPDES)
­
The
national
program
for
issuing,
modifying,
revoking
and
reissuing,
terminating,
monitoring
and
enforcing
permits,
and
imposing
and
enforcing
pretreatment
requirements,
under
Sections
307,
318,
402,
and
405
of
CWA.

New
Source
­
As
defined
in
40
CFR
122.2
and
122.29,
and
403.3(
k),
a
new
source
is
any
building,
structure,
facility,
or
installation
from
which
there
is
or
may
be
a
discharge
of
pollutants,
the
construction
of
which
commenced
for
purposes
of
compliance
with
New
Source
Performance
Standards
and
Pretreatment
Standards
for
New
Sources
after
the
promulgation
of
the
final
rule
under
Clean
Water
Act
Sections
306
and
307(
c).

New
Source
Performance
Standards
(
NSPS)
­
Technology­
based
standards
for
facilities
that
qualify
as
new
sources
under
40
CFR
§
122.2
and
40
CFR
§
122.29.
Standards
consider
that
the
new
source
facility
has
an
opportunity
to
design
operations
to
more
effectively
control
pollutant
discharges.

16­
6
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Non­
Chromium
Anodizing
(
NCA)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

Noncontact
Cooling
Water
­
Water
used
for
cooling
that
does
not
come
into
direct
contact
with
any
raw
material,
intermediate
product,
by­
product,
waste
product,
or
finished
product.
This
term
is
not
intended
to
relate
to
air
conditioning
systems.

Nonconventional
Pollutants
­
All
pollutants
that
are
not
included
in
the
list
of
conventional
or
toxic
pollutants
in
40
CFR
401.
Includes
pollutants
such
as
chemical
oxygen
demand
(
COD),
total
organic
carbon
(
TOC),
nitrogen,
and
phosphorus.

Nondetect
Value
­
Samples
below
the
level
that
can
be
reliable
measured
by
an
analytical
method.
This
is
also
known,
in
statistical
terms,
as
left­
censored
(
i.
e.,
value
having
an
upper
bound
at
the
sample­
specific
detection
limit
and
a
lower
bound
at
zero).

Nonprocess
Wastewater
­
Sanitary
wastewater,
noncontact
cooling
water,
water
from
laundering,
and
noncontact
stormwater.
Nonprocess
wastewater
for
this
part
also
includes
wastewater
discharges
from
nonindustrial
sources
such
as
residential
housing,
schools,
churches,
recreational
parks,
shopping
centers
as
well
as
wastewater
discharges
from
gas
stations,
utility
plants,
and
hospitals
(
see
40
CFR
438.2(
e).

Non­
Water
Quality
Environmental
Impact
(
NWQI)
­
Deleterious
aspects
of
control
and
treatment
technologies
applicable
to
point
source
category
wastes,
including,
but
not
limited
to
air
pollution,
noise,
radiation,
sludge
and
solid
waste
generation,
and
energy
used.

North
American
Industry
Classification
System.
(
NAICS)
­
This
system
is
a
unique
method
for
classifying
business
establishments.
Adopted
in
1997
to
replace
the
old
Standard
Industrial
Classification
(
SIC)
system,
it
is
the
industry
classification
system
used
by
the
statistical
agencies
of
the
United
States.

Notice
of
Data
Availability
(
NODA)
­
This
Federal
Register
notice
was
published
in
June
5,
2002
(
67
FR
38752).
See
Section
2.0.

NRDC
­
Natural
Resources
Defense
Council.

NRMRL
­
EPA s
National
Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
(
formerly
RREL
­
EPA s
Risk
Reduction
Engineering
Laboratory).

NSCEP
­
EPA s
National
Service
Center
for
Environmental
Publications
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
ncepi).

OCPSF
­
Organic
Chemicals,
Plastics,
and
Synthetic
Fibers
Manufacturing
Point
Source
Category
(
40
CFR
414).

16­
7
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Off
Site
­
Outside
the
boundary
of
the
facility.

Oily
operations
­
One
or
or
more
of
the
operations
listed
in
40
CFR
438.2(
f).
See
also
Section
1.

Oily
Wastes
Subcategory
(
OWS)
­
A
subcategory
(
Subpart
A)
of
the
Metal
Products
and
Machinery
Point
Source
Category
(
40
CFR
438).

OMB
­
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget.

On
Site
­
Within
the
boundary
of
the
facility.

Operating
and
Maintenance
(
O&
M)
Costs
­
Costs
related
to
operating
and
maintaining
a
treatment
system,
including
the
estimated
costs
for
compliance
wastewater
monitoring
of
the
effluent.

ORP
­
Oxidation­
reduction
potential.

PE
­
Pound­
equivalents
(
units
used
to
weight
toxic
pollutants).

pH
­
A
measure
of
the
hydrogen
ion
concentration
of
water
or
wastewater;
expressed
as
the
negative
log
of
the
hydrogen
ion
concentration
in
mg/
l.
A
pH
of
7
is
neutral.
A
pH
less
than
7
is
acidic,
and
a
pH
greater
than
7
is
basic.

Point
Source
­
Any
discernible,
confined,
and
discrete
conveyance,
including
but
not
limited
to
any
pipe,
ditch,
channel,
tunnel,
conduit,
well,
discrete
fixture,
container,
rolling
stock,
concentrated
animal
feeding
operation,
landfill
leachate
collection
system,
vessel,
or
other
floating
craft
from
which
pollutants
are
or
may
be
discharged.

Pollutant
­
Dredged
spoil,
solid
waste,
incinerator
residue,
filter
backwash,
sewage,
garbage,
sewage
sludge,
munitions,
chemical
wastes,
biological
materials,
radioactive
materials
(
except
those
regulated
under
the
Atomic
Energy
Act
of
1954,
as
amended
(
42
U.
S.
C.
2011
et
seq.)),
heat,
wrecked
or
discarded
equipment,
rock,
sand,
cellar
dirt
and
industrial,
municipal,
and
agricultural
waste
discharged
into
water.

Pollutant
of
Concern
(
POC)
­
EPA
evaluated
wastewater
to
determine
the
presence
of
priority,
conventional,
and
nonconventional
pollutant
parameters.
See
Section
7.0
for
the
criteria
EPA
used
to
identify
pollutants
of
concern
(
POCs)
and
regulated
pollutants.

Pollution
Prevention
­
The
use
of
materials,
processes,
or
practices
that
reduce
or
eliminate
the
creation
of
pollutants
or
wastes.
It
includes
practices
that
reduce
the
use
of
hazardous
and
nonhazardous
materials,
energy,
water,
or
other
resources,
as
well
as
those
practices
that
protect
natural
resources
through
conservation
or
more
efficient
use.
Pollution
prevention
consists
of
source
reduction,
in­
process
recycle
and
reuse,
and
water
conservation
practices.

16­
8
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Pollutant
Prevention
Act
of
1990
(
PPA)
­
42
U.
S.
C.
13101
et
seq.,
Public
Law
101­
508,
November
5,
1990.

Pretreatment
­
The
reduction
of
the
amount
of
pollutants,
the
elimination
of
pollutants,
or
the
alteration
of
the
nature
of
pollutant
properties
in
wastewater
prior
to
or
in
lieu
of
discharging
or
otherwise
introducing
such
pollutants
into
a
publicly
owned
treatment
works.

Pretreatment
standards
for
existing
sources
(
PSES)
­
PSES
are
designed
to
prevent
the
discharge
of
pollutants
that
pass
through,
interfere
with,
or
are
otherwise
incompatible
with
the
operation
of
publicly­
owned
treatment
works
(
POTWs),
including
sludge
disposal
methods
at
POTWs.
Pretreatment
standards
for
existing
sources
are
technology­
based
and
are
analogous
to
BAT
effluent
limitations
guidelines.

Pretreatment
standards
for
New
sources
(
PSNS)
­
Like
PSES,
PSNS
are
designed
to
prevent
the
discharges
of
pollutants
that
pass
through,
interfere
with,
or
are
otherwise
incompatible
with
the
operation
of
POTWs.
PSNS
are
to
be
issued
at
the
same
time
as
NSPS.
New
indirect
dischargers
have
the
opportunity
to
incorporate
into
their
plants
the
best
available
demonstrated
technologies.
The
Agency
considers
the
same
factors
in
promulgating
PSNS
as
it
considers
in
promulgating
NSPS.

Printed
Wiring
Board
(
PWB)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

Priority
Pollutants
­
The
126
pollutants
listed
in
40
CFR
423,
Appendix
A.

Privately
Owned
Treatment
Works
(
PrOTW)
­
Any
device
or
system
owned
and
operated
by
a
private
company
that
is
used
to
recycle,
reclaim,
or
treat
liquid
industrial
wastes
not
generated
by
that
company.

Process
Wastewater
­
Wastewater
as
defined
at
40
CFR
122
and
401,
and
includes
wastewater
from
noncontact,
nondestructive
testing
(
e.
g.,
photographic
wastewater
from
nondestructive
X­
ray
examination
of
parts)
performed
at
facilities
subject
to
this
part
and
includes
wastewater
from
air
pollution
control
devices
(
see
40
CFR
438.2).

Production­
Normalized
Flow
(
PNF)
­
Volume
of
wastewater
generated
per
unit
of
production.

Publicly
Owned
Treatment
Works
(
POTW)
­
A
treatment
works,
as
defined
by
Section
212
of
the
CWA,
that
is
owned
by
the
State
or
municipality.
This
definition
includes
any
devices
and
systems
used
in
the
storage,
treatment,
recycling,
and
reclamation
of
municipal
sewage
or
industrial
wastes
of
a
liquid
nature.
It
also
includes
sewers,
pipes,
and
other
conveyances
only
if
they
convey
wastewater
to
a
POTW
treatment
plant.

Railroad
Line
Maintenance
(
RRLM)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

16­
9
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Resource
Conservation
and
Recovery
Act
of
1976
(
RCRA)
­
This
law
(
42
U.
S.
C.
Section
6901
et
seq.)
regulates
the
generation,
treatment,
storage,
disposal,
or
recycling
of
solid
and
hazardous
wastes.

SBA
­
U.
S.
Small
Business
Administration.

Self­
Monitoring
­
Sampling
and
analyses
performed
by
a
facility
to
determine
compliance
with
a
permit
or
other
regulatory
requirements.

Semivolatile
Organic
Compound
(
SVOC)
­
A
measure
of
semivolatile
organic
constituents
performed
by
isotope
dilution
gas
chromatography/
mass
spectrometry
(
GC/
MS),
EPA
Method
1625.

SGP
­
EPA s
National
Metal
Finishing
Strategic
Goals
Program.

Shipbuilding
Dry
Dock
(
SDD)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

SIC
­
Standard
Industrial
Classification,
a
numerical
categorization
scheme
used
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
to
catalog
economic
activity
according
to
product
type.

Significant
Industrial
User
(
SIU)
­
An
indirect
discharger
that
is
the
focus
of
control
efforts
under
the
national
pretreatment
program;
includes
all
indirect
dischargers
subject
to
national
categorical
pretreatment
standards,
and
all
other
indirect
dischargers
that
contribute
25,000
gpd
or
more
of
process
wastewater,
or
which
make
up
five
percent
or
more
of
the
hydraulic
or
organic
loading
to
the
municipal
treatment
plant,
subject
to
certain
exceptions.

Silica
Gel
Treated
Hexane
Extractable
Material
(
SGT­
HEM)
­
A
method­
defined
parameter
that
measures
the
presence
of
mineral
oils
that
are
extractable
in
the
solvent
n­
hexane
and
not
absorbed
by
silica
gel
(
see
Appendix
B).

Site
­
See
 
Facility. 

Small
Business
Regulatory
Enforcement
Fairness
Act
of
1996
(
SBREFA)
­
Public
Law
104­
121,
March
29,
1996.

Source
Reduction
­
Any
practice
that
reduces
the
amount
of
any
hazardous
substance,
pollutant,
or
contaminant
entering
any
waste
stream
or
otherwise
being
released
into
the
environment
prior
to
recycling,
treatment,
or
disposal.
Source
reduction
can
include
equipment
or
technology
modifications,
process
or
procedure
modifications,
substitution
of
raw
materials,
and
improvements
in
housekeeping,
maintenance,
training,
or
inventory
control.

Steel
Forming
and
Finishing
(
SFF)
Subcategory
­
As
discussed
in
Section
9.0,
EPA
proposed,
but
did
not
promulgate,
a
separate
subcategory
for
these
facilities.

16­
10
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Stormwater
­
Stormwater
runoff,
snow
melt
runoff,
and
surface
runoff
and
drainage
(
see
40
CFR
§
122.26(
b)(
13)).

Surface
Water
­
Waters
of
the
United
States,
as
defined
at
40
CFR
122.2.

Technical
Development
Document
(
TDD)
­
Development
Document
for
the
Final
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
and
Standards
for
the
Metal
Products
&
Machinery
Point
Source
Category
(
EPA­
821­
B­
03­
001).

Technology
in
Place
(
TIP)
­
Refers
to
those
technologies
that
the
Agency
considered
to
be
installed
and
operating
at
a
model
site.

Technology­
Based
Effluent
Limit
­
A
permit
limit
for
a
pollutant
that
is
based
on
the
capability
of
a
treatment
method
to
reduce
the
pollutant
to
a
certain
concentration.

Total
Annualized
Cost
(
TAC)
­
Cost
calculated
from
the
capital
and
annual
costs
assuming
a
7­
percent
discount
rate
over
an
estimated
15­
year
equipment
life.

Total
Capital
Investment
(
TCI)
­
Total
one­
time
capital
costs
required
to
build
a
treatment
system
(
i.
e.,
sum
of
direct
and
indirect
capital
costs).

Total
Kjeldahl
nitrogen
(
TKN)
­
Measure
of
reduced
forms
of
nitrogen
(
see
Appendix
B).

Total
Maximum
Daily
Load
(
TMDL)
­
The
amount
of
pollutant,
or
property
of
a
pollutant,
from
point,
nonpoint,
and
natural
background
sources,
that
may
be
discharged
to
a
water
quality­
limited
receiving
water.
Any
pollutant
loading
above
the
TMDL
results
in
violation
of
applicable
water
quality
standards.

Total
Organic
Carbon
(
TOC)
­
A
nonconventional
bulk
parameter
that
measures
the
total
organic
content
of
wastewater
(
see
Appendix
B).

Total
Organics
Parameter
(
TOP)
­
Measure
of
toxic
organics
developed
for
the
MP&
M
proposed
rule.
EPA
developed
a
list
of
organic
pollutants,
called
the
Total
Organics
Parameter
(
TOP),
using
the
list
of
organic
priority
pollutants
and
other
nonconventional
organic
pollutants
that
met
EPA s
POCs
criteria
for
the
MP&
M
rule.
Of
the
nonconventional
organic
chemicals
on
the
MP&
M
POCs
list,
EPA
included
only
those
that
were
removed
in
appreciable
quantities
by
the
selected
technology
option
(
based
on
toxic
weighted
pound­
equivalents)
in
two
or
more
subcategories.
The
TOP
list
is
comprised
of
all
of
the
priority
and
nonconventional
organic
pollutants
listed
in
Table
16­
1.

16­
11
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Table
16­
1
Priority
and
Nonconventional
Organic
Pollutants
Comprising
the
Total
Organics
Parameter
Priority
Organic
Pollutants
1,1,1­
Trichloroethane
Di­
n­
Butyl
Phthalate
1,1­
Dichloroethane
Di­
n­
Octyl
Phthalate
1,1­
Dichloroethylene
Dimethyl
Phthalate
2,4­
Dimethylphenol
Ethylbenzene
2,4­
Dinitrophenol
Fluoranthene
2,6­
Dinitrotoluene
Fluorene
2­
Nitrophenol
Isophorone
4­
Chloro­
m­
cresol
Methylene
Chloride
4­
Nitrophenol
n­
Nitrosodimethylamine
Acenaphthene
n­
Nitrosodiphenylamine
Acrolein
Naphthalene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Benzyl
Butyl
Phthalate
Phenol
Bis(
2­
Ethylhexyl)
Phthalate
Pyrene
Chlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethene
Chloroethane
Toluene
Chloroform
Trichloroethylene
1­
Methylfluorene
Biphenyl
1­
Methylphenanthrene
Carbon
Disulfide
2­
Isopropylnaphthalene
Dibenzofuran
2­
Methylnaphthalene
Dibenzothiophene
Nonconventional
Organic
Pollutants
3,6­
Dimethylphenanthrene
n­
Hexadecane
Aniline
n­
Tetradecane
Benzoic
Acid
p­
Cymene
Total
Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
(
TPH)
­
A
method­
defined
parameter
that
measures
the
presence
of
mineral
oils
that
are
extractable
in
Freon
113
(
1,1,2­
trichloro­
1,2,2­
trifluoroethane)
and
not
absorbed
by
silica
gel
(
see
Appendix
B).

Total
Suspended
Solids
(
TSS)
­
A
measure
of
the
filterable
solids
present
in
a
sample,
as
determined
by
the
method
specified
in
40
CFR
136.
(
see
Appendix
B).

Total
Toxic
Organics
(
TTO)
­
A
parameter
that
is
the
summation
of
all
quantifiable
values
greater
than
0.01
milligrams
per
liter
for
the
toxic
organics
(
see
40
CFR
433.11(
e)).

16­
12
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Toxic
Release
Inventory
(
TRI)
­
Database
of
toxic
releases
in
the
United
States.

Toxic
Substances
Control
Act
(
TSCA)
­
15
U.
S.
C.
2601
et
seq.

Toxic
weighting
factor
(
TWF)
­
A
factor
developed
for
various
pollutants
using
a
combination
of
toxicity
data
on
human
health
and
aquatic
life
and
relative
to
the
toxicity
of
copper.
EPA
uses
toxic
weighting
factors
in
determining
the
amount
of
toxicity
that
a
pollutant
may
exert
on
human
health
and
aquatic
life.

Treatment
­
Any
method,
technique,
or
process
designed
to
change
the
physical,
chemical,
or
biological
character
or
composition
of
any
metal­
bearing,
oily,
or
organic
waste
so
as
to
neutralize
such
wastes,
to
render
such
wastes
amenable
to
discharge,
or
to
recover
metal,
oil,
or
organic
content
from
the
wastes.

Treatment
Effectiveness
Concentration
­
Treated
effluent
pollutant
concentration
that
can
be
achieved
by
each
treatment
technology
that
is
part
of
an
MP&
M
regulatory
option.

Treatment,
Storage,
and
Disposal
Facility
(
TSDF)
­
A
facility
that
treats,
stores,
or
disposes
of
hazardous
waste
in
compliance
with
the
applicable
standards
and
permit
requirements
set
forth
in
40
CFR
264,
265,
266,
and
270.

Treatment
Works
Treating
Domestic
Sewage
(
TWTDS)
­
Includes
all
POTWs
and
other
facilities
that
treat
domestic
wastewater,
and
facilities
that
do
not
treat
domestic
wastewater,
but
that
treat
or
dispose
of
sewage
sludge.

Unit
Operations
­
All
processes
performed
on
metal
parts,
products,
or
machines
in
their
manufacture,
maintenance,
or
rebuilding.

Upset
­
An
exceptional
incident
in
which
there
is
unintentional
and
temporary
noncompliance
with
the
permit
limit
because
of
factors
beyond
the
reasonable
control
of
the
permittee.
An
upset
does
not
include
noncompliance
to
the
extent
caused
by
operational
error,
improperly
designed
treatment
facilities,
inadequate
treatment
facilities,
lack
of
preventive
maintenance,
or
careless
or
improper
operation.

U.
S.
C.
­
The
United
States
Code.

Variability
factor
­
Used
in
calculating
a
limitation
(
or
standard)
to
allow
for
reasonable
variation
in
pollutant
concentrations
when
processed
through
extensively
and
well
designed
Volatile
Organic
Compound
(
VOC)
­
A
measure
of
volatile
organic
constituents
performed
by
isotope
dilution
gas
chromatography/
mass
spectrometry
(
GC/
MS)
(
see
Appendix
B).

Wet
Air
Pollution
or
Odor
Pollution
Control
System
Scrubbers
­
Any
equipment
using
water
or
water
mixtures
to
control
emissions
of
dust,
odors,
volatiles,
sprays,
or
other
pollutants.

16­
13
16.0
­
Glossary/
List
of
Acronyms
Zero
discharger
­
A
facility
that
does
not
discharge
pollutants
to
waters
of
the
United
States
or
to
a
POTW.
Included
in
this
definition
are
discharge
or
disposal
of
pollutants
by
way
of
evaporation,
deep­
well
injection,
off­
site
transfer
to
a
treatment
facility,
and
land
application.

16­
14