Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2002-0250-0003
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2002-09-24T04:00Z

Fenarimol
Summary
Uses
$
Fenarimol
is
a
fungicide
registered
for
use
on
apples,
bananas,
cherries,
filberts,
grapes,
pears,
pecans.
It
is
also
registered
for
use
on
ornamental
plants,
trees,
and
residential/
recreational
turf.
Fenarimol
is
a
systemic
fungicide
that
inhibits
fungal
growth.

$
Fenarimol
is
formulated
as
a
flowable
concentrate,
granular,
soluble
concentrate/
liquid,
and
emulsifiable
concentrate.
Fenarimol
can
be
applied
by
a
belly
grinder,
push
type
spreader,
and
low
or
high
volume
ground
sprayers.

$
For
treating
fruit
and
nut
trees,
the
maximum
fenarimol
application
rate
is
0.09375
lb
ai/
A.
For
the
turf
use,
the
maximum
rate
is
2.73
lb
ai/
A.

$
Approximately
61,000
pounds
of
fenarimol
active
ingredient
are
used
in
the
U.
S.
annually.
The
turf
use
comprises
28%
or
approximately
17,000
pounds
of
the
total
use.

Health
Effects

Fenarimol
has
moderate
acute
toxicity.
The
developmental
and
reproductive
toxicity
studies
showed
no
evidence
of
increased
sensitivity
or
susceptibility
of
young
rats
or
rabbits
following
pre­
or
postnatal
exposure
to
fenarimol.

$
In
the
rat
multi­
generation
reproduction
studies
there
was
an
inhibition
of
aromatase.
Aromatase,
also
known
as
estrogen
synthetase,
is
the
key
enzyme
for
the
conversion
of
androgens
to
estrogens
and
is
therefore
a
potentially
critical
enzyme
in
maintaining
hormone
balance
in
human
physiology.

$
The
multi­
generation
reproduction
studies
indicate
that
fenarimol
causes
reduced
fertility
and
dystocia
(
difficult
labor).
These
effects
of
fenarimol
were
demonstrated
to
be
attributed
to
inhibition
of
aromatase
in
adult
animals.

$
The
10x
FQPA
Safety
Factor
has
been
reduced
to
3x
to
account
for
the
potential
increased
sensitivity
of
young
organisms
to
the
hormonal
effects
elicited
by
fenarimol's
inhibition
of
aromatase.

Dietary
Risks
$
No
appropriate
endpoint
was
identified
to
estimate
risk
from
a
single
dose
of
fenarimol.
Therefore,
an
acute
dietary
exposure
assessment
was
not
performed.
2
$
Based
on
highly
refined
analyses,
chronic
dietary
risk
from
exposure
to
fenarimol
is
low
(<
1%
of
the
Population
Adjusted
Dose)
for
all
populations
and
is
below
the
Agency's
level
of
concern.

Drinking
Water
Risks
$
Based
on
SCI­
GROW
(
Tier
I)
modeling
for
ground
water,
the
chronic
EECs
are
below
the
DWLOCs
for
all
populations
indicating
that
chronic
exposure
to
fenarimol
in
ground
water
is
not
of
concern.

$
Based
on
FIRST
(
Tier
I)
modeling
for
surface
water,
using
the
highest
application
rate
for
turf,
the
chronic
EECs
exceeds
the
DWLOC
for
all
populations
indicating
that
chronic
exposure
to
fenarimol
in
surface
water
is
potentially
of
concern.

$
The
EECs
for
surface
and
ground
water
are
based
on
upper­
end
input
parameters
such
as
87%
of
a
watershed
being
treated
at
the
maximum
application.

$
Additional
data
are
being
required
that
will
provide
important
information
on
the
mobility
of
fenarimol
and
its
degradates.
These
studies
may
help
to
refine
the
assessment.

Residential
Postapplication
Risks
$
A
Margin
of
Exposure
(
MOE),
of
greater
than
900
does
not
exceed
the
Agency's
level
of
concern
for
residential
postapplication
risk.

$
Risk
estimates
for
dermal
contact
with
treated
turf
during
high
contact
lawn
activities
exceed
the
Agency's
level
of
concern
(
MOEs
<
900)
for
children
with
an
MOE
of
660.

$
Risk
estimates
for
dermal
contact
with
treated
turf
on
the
day
of
treatment
do
not
exceed
the
level
of
concern
for
adults
during
the
low
contact
activities
of
grass
mowing
(
MOE
=
27,000)
or
golfing
(
MOE
=
14,000).

$
Risk
estimates
for
small
children
from
non­
dietary
hand­
to­
mouth
activities
indicate
that
risks
slightly
exceed
the
level
of
concern
(
MOE
860).

$
Incidental
ingestion
of
soil
(
MOE
=
260,000)
and
incidental
turfgrass
mouthing
(
MOE
=
3400)
did
not
exceed
the
level
of
concern
$
The
small
children's
combined
oral
hand­
to­
mouth
scenarios
exceeds
the
level
of
concern
(
MOE
=
690).
When
risk
estimates
to
small
children
from
short­
term
dermal
exposures
are
combined
with
risk
estimates
from
all
incidental
oral
exposures
the
combined
short­
term
risk
estimate
exceeds
the
level
of
concern
(
MOE
=
340).
3
Aggregate
Risks
$
The
aggregate
risk
assessment
for
fenarimol
examines
the
combined
risk
from
exposure
through
food,
drinking
water,
and
residential
exposures
where
applicable.

$
Because
an
acute
toxicity
endpoint
was
not
identified,
an
acute
aggregate
risk
assessment
is
not
required.

$
The
registrants
have
agreed
to
remove
residential
uses
from
their
labels
while
data
are
developed
to
address
uncertainty
related
to
effects
on
children.
Thus,
aggregate
risk
has
been
recalculated
excluding
exposure
from
residential
use.

$
For
the
short­
term
aggregate
risk
assessment
dermal
postapplication
exposure
for
adult
golfers
was
combined
with
the
average
dietary
(
food
&
water)
exposures.
The
short­
term
DWLOCs
for
adult
males
and
females
are
well
above
the
estimated
EECs
for
ground
and
surface
water
indicating
that
combined
short­
term
dietary
(
food
&
water)
and
dermal
exposures
do
not
exceed
the
Agency's
level
of
concern.

$
The
EEC
for
surface
water
(
26
ppb)
slightly
exceeds
the
DWLOC
(
20
ppb)
for
children
under
6.
However,
the
estimated
EEC
for
surface
water
is
a
very
conservative
estimate.
Also,
given
the
relatively
low
usage
of
fenarimol
across
the
country
it
is
highly
unlikely
that
the
amount
applied
to
the
watershed
in
the
model
will
be
concentrated
in
any
real
watershed
used
to
derive
drinking
water.

$
The
EEC
for
ground
water
is
less
than
all
DWLOCs;
therefore,
there
is
no
concern
for
aggregate
chronic
exposure
to
fenarimol
and
its
degradates
from
food
and
drinking
water
derived
from
ground
water.

Occupational
and
Ecological
Risks
$
Because
fenarimol
is
under
review
for
tolerance
reassessment
only,
no
occupational
or
ecological
risk
assessment
was
conducted.