Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0014
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-11-17T05:00Z

i
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
ii
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
i
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Nitric
Acid
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
#
7697­
37­
2).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screening­
level
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
ii
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................................
iii
SIDS
PROFILE
.................................................................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
for
nitric
acid
..........................................................................................................
2
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION...............................................................................................
4
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA.........................................................................................
10
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS................................................................
14
4.
ECOTOXICITY....................................................................................................................
19
5.
TOXICITY............................................................................................................................
24
6.
REFERENCES
.....................................................................................................................
30
LIST
OF
APPENDICES
APPENDIX
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
APPENDIX
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
Nitric,
Sulfuric
and
Phosphoric
Acids
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
ii
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
iii
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
reference
texts,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physical­
chemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensive,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide:
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Acids
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
all
three
acids
in
the
category
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
nitric
acid
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
gaps
relies
on
a
category
approach,
the
Data
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
sulfuric
and/
or
phosphoric
acids
for
those
data
elements
where
no
nitric
acid
data
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
three
acids.
The
individual
studies
for
nitric
acid
are
described
and
the
references
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
phosphoric
and
sulfuric
acid.

1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
iv
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
II.
Rationale
for
the
Acids
Category
The
acids
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
nitric,
phosphoric
and
sulfuric
acids.
These
acids
are
water
soluble
and
dissociate
into
their
constituent
ions.
The
toxicological
effects
of
strong
acids
are
primarily
related
to
low
pH.

The
acids
are
corrosive
upon
contact
with
animal
and
human
tissues,
whether
via
dermal
contact,
inhaled
or
swallowed.
Acidity
(
i.
e.,
low
pH)
also
causes
toxicity
to
fish.
The
mechanisms
involved
in
acidinduced
toxicity
vary
depending
upon
levels
of
acidity
and
interactions
with
other
components
(
McKenna
and
Duerr
1976).
Below
pH
3,
acidity
causes
coagulation
of
mucus
on
fish
gill
surfaces
resulting
in
subsequent
anoxia
or
respiratory
failure
(
Packer
and
Dunson
1970).
At
slightly
higher
pH
values,
fish
mortality
occurs
due
to
a
decrease
in
sodium
and
chloride
ions
and
an
increase
in
hydrogen
ions
in
the
blood
(
Schofield
and
Trojnar
1980).
The
data
indicate
that
there
are
only
subtle,
although
measurable,
differences
in
the
toxicity
contribution
of
various
anions.
A
comparison
study
revealed
that
sulfuric
acid
is
most
toxic,
nitric
and
hydrochloric
acids
are
moderately
toxic,
and
phosphoric
acid
is
the
least
toxic
to
fish.
Presumably
the
difference
in
the
toxic
effect
of
these
acids
is
due
to
the
anions
produced
upon
dissociation
(
Alkahem
1989).

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Acids
Category
Because
these
acids
may
be
produced
and
used
at
varying
concentrations,
the
available
data
may
have
been
collected
using
acids
of
different
strengths.
Physical­
chemical
properties
may
vary
relative
to
the
concentration
of
the
acid
being
tested.
Therefore,
data
are
presented
for
different
concentration
acids
if
available.
In
addition,
aquatic
and
animal
toxicity
tests
are
generally
conducted
on
as
pure
a
test
material
as
can
be
obtained.
Therefore,
care
must
be
exercised
when
evaluating
the
effects
that
may
result
from
exposure
to
lower
strength
acids.
Aquatic
data
are
presented
as
effects
related
to
pH,
while
the
data
for
the
animal
toxicity
testing
retains
the
traditional
measurement
units.

Physical­
Chemical
Data
Overall,
the
physical­
chemical
properties
of
the
acids
category
are
well
characterized.
Sufficient
data
are
available
for
all
relevant
parameters
and
no
further
testing
is
warranted
to
understand
the
behavior
of
these
compounds
released
into
the
environment.

Acids
were
highly
soluble
in
water,
with
solubility
ranging
from
750­
1,000
g/
L.
The
acids
dissociate
into
their
constituent
ions
(
i.
e.,
H+
and
NO3
­;
H+
and
PO4
3­;
H+
and
SO4
2­).
The
vapor
pressure
varied
substantially
from
0.3­
1.5
mm
Hg
for
phosphoric
acid
to
42­
62
mm
Hg
for
nitric
acid.
The
relatively
low
vapor
pressure
for
all
acids
suggests
that
they
are
not
significantly
volatile.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
The
high
solubility
of
these
compounds
suggests
that
they
are
present
mostly
in
aqueous
solutions,
where
they
readily
dissociate.
The
fate
dynamics
of
the
resulting
anions
are
well
understood
by
the
nitrogen,
phosphorus
and
sulfur
cycles.
No
further
testing
is
necessary.

Ecotoxicity
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
may
be
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms.
However,
because
the
toxicity
is
known
to
be
pH­
dependent,
toxicity
is
mitigated
by
neutralization
of
the
acid,
as
would
normally
be
the
case
when
acids
are
released
into
waterways.
v
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Therefore,
no
further
testing
is
necessary.
The
acute
LC50
for
fish
ranged
from
pH
3.0­
4.0.
There
is
some
evidence
suggesting
the
following
order
of
anion
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems:
SO4
>
NO3
>
PO4.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
Toxicity
Sufficient
toxicity
data
are
available
to
characterize
toxicity
effects
for
the
three
acids
and
no
additional
testing
is
needed.
As
with
aquatic
systems,
mammalian
toxicity
is
primarily
related
to
pH,
and
non­
pH
related
effects
would
not
be
a
primary
concern
for
the
acids.

The
acute
oral
LD50
reported
in
a
phosphoric
acid
study
was
1,530
mg/
kg
bw.
The
inhalation
LC50s
of
nitric
acid,
phosphoric
acid,
and
sulfuric
acid
are
65­
67
ppm
NO2,
61­
1,689
mg/
m3
P2O5
(
four
different
species
tested),
and
347­
430
ppm
H2SO4,
respectively.
Acute
dermal
studies
of
phosphoric
acid
report
LD50s
ranging
from
>
1,260­>
3,160
mg/
kg
bw.
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category,
when
neutralize,
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Unneutralized,
their
corrosivity
upon
contact
at
high
concentrations
is
well
documented.
All
three
acids
tested
negative
for
mutagenicity.
Up
to
375
mg/
kg
bw
phosphoric
acid
in
food
did
not
affect
the
growth
of
rat
offspring
in
a
reproduction
study
and
up
to
20
mg/
m3
of
sulfuric
acid
in
air
did
not
affect
reproduction
in
either
mice
or
rabbits.

IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Acids
Category
Sufficient
data
are
available
to
characterize
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
acids
category.
Therefore,
additional
testing
is
not
needed
to
assess
the
hazards
of
the
three
acids.
vi
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Urea
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
57­
13­
6
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
represented
largely
by
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
dossier.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
vii
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
V.
References
Cited
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Alkahem,
H.
F.
1989.
Effect
of
different
acids
on
the
freshwater
fish,
Aphanius
dispar.
J.
Biol.
Sci.
Res.
20(
3):
537­
545.

McKenna,
M.
and
Duerr,
F.
1976.
Effects
of
ambient
pH
on
the
gills
of
Ictalurus
melas
Rafinesque.
Am.
Zool.
16:
224.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

Packer,
R.
and
Dunson,
W.
1970.
Effects
of
low
environmental
pH
on
blood
pH
and
sodium
balance
of
brook
trout.
Exp.
Zool.
174:
65­
72.

Schofield,
C.
and
Trojnar,
J.
1980.
Aluminum
toxicity
to
fish
in
acidified
waters.
In
Toribara,
T.,
Miller,
M.,
and
Morrow,
P.
(
eds.).
Polluted
Rain.
New
York:
Plenum
Press.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gov/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.
1
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
SIDS
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Nitric
Acid
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Nitric
Acid
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
HNO3
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
None
1.5
QUANTITY
Over
12
million
tons
produced
in
the
U.
S.
in
2001.

1.7
USE
PATTERN
Manufacture
of
nitrogen
fertilizers,
dye
intermediates,
explosives,
metallurgy,
photoengraving
etching
steel,
ore
flotation,
urethanes,
rubber
chemicals,
and
reprocessing
of
spent
nuclear
fuel.

1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Emissions
from
closed
system
production
processes.
Fertilizer
use.

Issues
for
discussion
(
identify,
if
any)
SIDS
testing
required:

No
additional
testing
required
(
see
Executive
Overview
for
rationale).
2
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
FOR
NITRIC
ACID
Date:
January
27,
2003
CAS
No:
7697­
37­
2
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
­
41.59oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
83
°
C
at
1
atm
2.3
Density
15.1
g/
mL
at
25
°
C
2.4
Vapour
Pressure
62
mm
Hg
at
25
°
C
(
low
volatility)
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
Guideline
107,
GLP
­
2.3
at
25
°
C
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1
x
106
mg/
L
at
25
°
C
(
highly
soluble)
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
1.0
at
0.1
M
pKa:
­
1.4
2.7
Flash
Point
See
Appendix
B
results
2.8
Auto
Flammability
See
Appendix
B
results
2.9
Flammability
See
Appendix
B
results
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Oxidizes
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
2.45
x
106
atm*
m3/
mol
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Dissociates
into
its
respective
ions
(
H+;
NO3
­)
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
See
Appendix
B
results
3.2
Monitoring
Data
See
Appendix
B
results
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Dissolves
carbonates;
nitrate
ions
taken
up
by
plants
stimulate
growth
3.5
Biodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results
3.6
BOD5
See
Appendix
B
results
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Aphanius
dispar
(
freshwater
fish)
Salmo
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
96­
hr.
semi­
static
7­
day
semi­
static
LC50
(
96
hr)
=
pH
3.7
LC50
(
7
days)
=
pH
4.0
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
See
Appendix
B
results
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Nitzschia
palea
(
diatom)
28­
day
growth
in
lab
culture
tube
Inhibited
growth
of
diatoms
at
6.3
mg/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Subarctic
field
study
Total
biomass
was
dependent
on
pH
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
See
Appendix
B
results
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
See
Appendix
B
results
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
Appendix
B
results
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hour
single
dose
LC50
=
65­
67
ppm
NO2
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
Corrosive
to
skin
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
Corrosion
Corrosive
to
eyes
3
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
CAS
No:
7697­
37­
2
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Mouse,
rat,
guinea
pig
Via
inhalation:
4
hrs/
day,
5
days/
week,
6
mo.
No
significant
effects
at
4
ppm
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
Guideline
471
(
Ames
test)
Negative
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
See
Appendix
B
results
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
See
Appendix
B
results
5.10A
Specific
Toxicities
See
Appendix
B
results
5.11
Human
Experience
Acute
accidental
inhalation
Acute
respiratory
injury
leading
to
death
following
exposure
to
60%
nitric
acid
solution
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
15
min
STEL­
TLV
2
ppm
(
5
mg/
m3
in
air)
4
ppm
(
10
mg/
m3
in
air)
4
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
*
A.
CAS
number
7697­
37­
2
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Nitric
acid
*
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Nitric
acid
*
D.
CAS
Descriptor
(
where
applicable
for
complex
chemicals)

Not
applicable
E.
EINECS
Number
231­
714­
2
F.
Molecular
Formula
HNO3
*
G.
Structural
Formula
HNO3
SMILES:
O(
N(=
O)=
O)

H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
(
If
possible,
only
for
petroleum
products,
see
HEDSET
explanatory
note)

I.
Substance
Remark
Not
applicable
(
Indicate
the
substance
remark
as
prescribed
in
the
EINECS
Inventory,
if
possible)

J.
Molecular
Weight
63.02
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
(
would
be
US)

B.
Lead
Organization
Not
applicable
(
would
be
EPA)

C.
Name
of
Responder
(
Information
on
a
responder
should
be
provided
when
companies
respond
to
Lead
Organization
or
SIDS
Contact
Points.)

Name:
Mr.
William
C..
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
D.
C.
20002
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202):
962­
0577
5
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
X];
solid
[
]

C.
Purity
A
nitric
acid
strength
of
42­
65%
is
typically
used
for
fertilizer
production
(
weak
acid).
Concentrated
nitric
acid
(
96­
99%)
may
be
used
for
other
industrial
purposes.

1.2
SYNONYMS
Hydrogen
nitrate
Nitryl
hydroxide
Aqua
fortis
Azotic
acid
Fuming
Nitric
acid
Nital
1.3
IMPURITIES
[
Indicate
CAS
No.,
chemical
name
(
IUPAC
is
preferable),
percentage,
if
possible
EINECS
number.]

Remarks:
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
[
e.
g.
stabilizing
agents,
inhibitors
etc.
Indicate
CAS
No.,
chemical
name
(
IUPAC
name
is
preferable),
percentage,
if
possible
EINECS
number,
the
component
of
the
UVCB
substance
with
no
defined
composition)
should
be
indicated
here.]

Remarks:
None
identified
*
1.5
QUANTITY
[
Information
on
production
or
import
levels
should
be
provided
in
figures
or
ranges
(
e.
g.
1,000­
5,000;
5,000­
10,000
tonnes,
etc.;
see
SIDS
Manual)
per
responder
or
country
and
the
date
for
which
those
ranges
apply
should
be
given.
For
EU
Member
states,
only
indicate
the
EU
import
figure.
Give
an
estimation
of
the
global
production
quantity
in
the
remarks
field.
Information
on
the
number
of
producers
in
the
country
and
the
source
of
information
should
also
be
given
in
the
remarks
field.)

Remarks:
Over
12
million
tons
produced
in
the
U.
S.
in
2001.
6
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
References:
IFDC.
2002.
North
American
Fertilizer
Capacity,
January
2002.

1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
(
If
possible,
enter
information
on
labeling
and
classification,
such
as
labeling
and
classification
system,
existence
of
specific
limit,
symbols,
nota,
R­
Phrases
and
S­
Phrases
of
EC
Directive
67/
548/
EEC.
See
HEDSET
Explanatory
Note.)

Labeling
Type:
As
in
Directive
67/
548/
EEC
Specific
limits:
Yes
(
see
1.8
below)
Symbols:
(
O)
Oxidizing,
(
C)
Corrosive
R­
phrases:
(
35)
Causes
severe
burns;
(
8)
Contact
with
combustible
material
may
cause
fire.
S­
phrases:
(
1/
2),
23,
26,
36,
45
Text
of
S­
phrases:
Keep
locked
up
and
out
of
reach
of
children.
Do
not
breathe.
In
case
of
contact
with
eyes,
rinse
immediately
with
plenty
of
water
and
seek
medical
advice.
Wear
suitable
protective
clothing.
In
case
of
contact
or
if
you
feel
unwell,
seek
medical
advice
immediately
(
show
label
where
possible).
Remarks:
Directive
92/
32
of
April
30,
1992.
1992
Official
Journal
of
the
European
Communities,
No.
L154
of
June
5,
1992.
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
STNEasy.
1999.
Chemlist
STN
International.
<
http://
www.
cas.
org/
cas.
html>
Landfair,
S.
W.,
Brown,
E.
L.,
Israel,
R.
J.,
and
Kreis,
P.
B.
1993.
The
EC's
Seventh
Amendment:
Fundamental
changes
in
the
regulation
of
chemical
substances
manufactured
and
imported
into
the
European
community.
International
Environmental
Reporter
0149­
8738/
93:
785­
790.

Classification
Type:
As
in
Directive
67/
548/
EEC
Category
of
danger:
Corrosive,
Oxidizing
R­
phrases:
(
35)
Causes
severe
burns;
(
8)
Contact
with
combustible
material
may
cause
fire.
Remarks:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
STNEasy.
1999.
Chemlist
STN
International.
<
http://
www.
cas.
org/
cas.
html>
7
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
DOT
Labeling
Hazard
Class:
8
(
corrosive)
Reportable
Quantity:
1,000
lbs
Labels
Required:
Corrosive
Placard:
Corrosive
Reference:
J.
R.
Simplot
Company.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet:
Nitric
Acid.
M16010.
July,
1999.

NFPA
Rating
Health:
3
(
hazardous)
Fire:
0
(
will
not
burn)
Reactivity:
0
(
normally
stable)
Specific:
Oxidizer
Reference:
J.
R.
Simplot
Company.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet:
Nitric
Acid.
M16010.
July,
1999.

*
1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
[
Data
on
use
pattern
have
to
be
given
by
assigning
main
types
according
to
their
exposure
relevance
(
i.
e.
non­
dispersive
use,
use
in
closed
systems,
use
resulting
in
inclusion
into
or
onto
matrix
and
wide
dispersive
use),
industrial
categories
(
e.
g.
basic
chemical
industry,
chemical
industry,
agricultural
industry,
personal
and
domestic
use)
and
use
categories
such
as
coloring
agents,
intermediates,
solvents,
adhesives,
cleaning/
washing
agents,
fertilizers,
impregnation
agents,
surface­
active,
etc.
If
available,
give
an
estimation
of
different
uses
in
percentage
terms.
See
SIDS
Manual
for
guidance.]

Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
use
industrial
Agricultural
use
Fertilizers
(
b)
main
Non­
dispersive
use
industrial
Chemical
use
Dye
intermediates,
explosives,
metallurgy,
photo­
engraving,
etching
steel,
ore
flotation,
urethanes,
rubber
chemicals,
and
reprocessing
spent
nuclear
fuel
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
acid
aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.
8
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
[
If
the
chemical
is
present
in
consumer
products
as
marketed,
give
details
of
products'
function
(
e.
g.
detergent,
etc.),
and
percentage
in
product
and
physical
state
of
product
as
marketed
(
e.
g.
aerosol,
powder
or
liquid)]

Remarks:
Nitric
acid
is
used
as
an
acidifier
in
some
pharmaceuticals.
It
is
a
cauterizing
agent
(
for
warts)
in
veterinary
applications.
Reference:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.)
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
(
Indicate
the
type
of
occupational
exposure
limit
value
including
short­
term
exposure
limit
value.
If
a
value
does
not
exist,
give
the
hygiene
standard
of
the
producer
company
if
available.
See
also
5.11.)

Exposure
limit
value
Type:
8
hour
Time
Weighted
Average
Value:
2
ppm
(
5
mg/
m3
in
air)
Remarks:
OSHA
TWA­
TLV
Reference:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1994.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.

Short
term
exposure
limit
value
Value:
4
ppm
(
10
mg/
m3
in
air)
STEL
Length
of
exposure
period:
15
min.
Remarks:
ACGIH
TLV
Reference:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1994.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.

*
1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Describe
sources
of
potential
human
[
other
than
concentration
of
chemicals
in
the
workplace
and
indoor
environment
(
see
5.11)],
or
environmental
exposure,
including
emission
data
(
e.
g.
quantities
per
media
with
information
such
as
time
dimensions
of
release),
indication
of
type
of
release
(
e.
g.
point
source
or
diffuse),
type
of
estimating
(
e.
g.
average
or
worst
case,
uncertainties
in
estimation),
for
all
phases
of
the
life
cycle
of
the
chemical
if
available,
including
manufacturing
and
user
areas.

For
environmental
exposure,
indicate
the
production
process
briefly,
number
the
sites
of
manufacture
and,
the
basis
for
concluding
that
the
process
is
"
closed"
if
applicable.

Also
an
indication
of
measured
exposure
levels
(
expressed
in
an
appropriate
form,
e.
g.
geometric
mean
and
standard
deviation)
can
be
mentioned
here.
Any
information
that
will
help
focus
the
assessment
of
exposure
(
either
qualitative
or
quantitative
in
nature)
can
be
mentioned,
if
available).
9
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
(
a)
Remarks:
Nitric
acid
is
produced
in
closed
systems
by
means
of
oxidation
of
ammonia
to
NO2
(
nitrite)
or
absorption
of
NO2
in
water
at
elevated
pressure.
Exposure
may
occur
via
leakages
and
by
emissions
from
loading
activities.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
b)
Remarks:
Nitric
acid
is
typically
produced
by
the
oxidation
of
ammonia
gas
in
the
presence
of
a
platinum
gauze
catalyst
to
produce
oxides
of
nitrogen
(
NOx),
which
are
subsequently
absorbed
in
water
and
concentrated
to
58%
strength
nitric
acid.
Residual
NOx
are
treated
in
a
catalytic
combustion
unit
to
reduce
NOx
to
colorless
NO
and
nitrogen
before
discharge
via
high
stacks.
Residual
gaseous
NOx
emissions
may
be
released
to
the
atmosphere
and
liquid
nitric
acid
may
be
released
to
receiving
waters.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
[
Mode
of
disposal
(
e.
g.
incineration,
release
to
sewage
system,
etc.)
for
each
category
and
type
of
use,
if
appropriate;
recycling
possibility.]

Remarks:
Can
be
neutralized
with
soda
ash
and
lime.

B.
Other
remarks
Remarks:
No
data
10
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
*
2.1
MELTING
POINT
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value.)

Value:
­
41.59
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.)
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

*
2.2
BOILING
POINT
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value.)

Value:
83
°
C
Pressure:
at
1
atm
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
Remarks:
Kristensen
reports
a
boiling
point
of
121oC.
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.)
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
acid
aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

*
2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)
(
Where
applicable,
indicate
the
relative
density
of
the
substance.)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
1.51
g/
mL
Temperature:
20o
and
25
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.)
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
11
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
*
2.4
VAPOUR
PRESSURE
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value)

Value:
56
hPa,
(
42
mm
Hg),
63.7
hPa
(
47.8
mm
Hg),
82.7
hPa
(
62.0
mm
Hg)
Temperature:
20
°
C,
20oC,
25
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
Remarks:
Kristensen
reports
a
value
of
1.2
kPa
(
9
mm
Hg)
at
20oC.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Environmental
Chemicals
Data
Information
Network
(
ECDIN).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
August.
<
http://
www.
ecdin.
etomep.
net/>
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
acid
aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

*
2.5
OCTANOL
WATER
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value)

Log
Pow:
­
2.3
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
OECD
Guideline
107
"
Partition
Coefficient
(
noctanol
water),
Flask­
shaking
Method"
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?[
]
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value)

A.
Solubility
Value:
1
x
106
mg/
L
Temperature:
25
°
C
Description:
Miscible
[
X];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
12
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
Environmental
Chemicals
Data
Information
Network
(
ECDIN).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
August.
<
http://
www.
ecdin.
etomep.
net/>

B.
pH
Value,
pKa
Value
(
a)
pH
Value:
1.0
Concentration:
0.1
M
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
acid
aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

(
b)
pKa
Value:
­
1.4
References:
Stumm,
W.
and
Morgan,
J.
J.
1996.
Aquatic
Chemistry.
Chemical
Equilibria
and
Rates
in
Natural
Waters.
New
York:
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
Inc.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
flammable
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Not
flammable
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Remarks:
Not
flammable
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
13
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Results:
Explosive
under
influence
of
a
flame
[
];
More
sensitive
to
friction
than
m­
dinitrobenzene
[
];
More
sensitive
to
shock
than
m­
dinitrobenzene
[
];
Not
explosive
[
X];
Other
[
]
Method:
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
References:
BASF
AG.
1989.
Sicherheitsdatenblatt
Salpetersaeure
chem.
Rein
hochkonz.
BASF
AG
Study
No.
88/
972,
March
13,
1989.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
Oxidizes
References:
STNEasy.
1999.
Chemlist
STN
International
<
http://
www.
cas.
org/
cas.
html>

*
2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
(
Where
applicable,
indicate
the
redox
potential
and
the
conditions
under
which
it
was
measured.)

Remarks:
No
data
2.13
ADDITIONAL
DATA
A.
Partition
co­
efficient
between
soil/
sediment
and
water
(
Kd)

Remarks:
No
data
B.
Other
data
[
e.
g.
Henry's
Law
constant,
fat
solubility,
surface
tension
(
of
aqueous
solution),
adsorption/
desorption
on
soil,
particle
size
distribution,
etc.]

Results
2.45
x
106
atm*
m3/
mol
Remarks:
Henry's
Law
Constant
References:
Brimblecomb,
R.,
and
Clegg,
S.
L.
1988.
K
J.
Atmos.
Chem.
7:
1­
18
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
14
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
[
Reporting
of
studies
should
give
the
test
method,
test
conditions,
(
laboratory
versus
field
studies),
test
results
(
e.
g.
%
degradation
in
specified
time
period)
and
reference.
Information
on
breakdown
products
(
transient
and
stable)
should
be
provided
when
available.]

3.1
STABILITY
*
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
*
3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
Dissociates
in
water
into
its
respective
ions
(
H+;
NO3
­).
Reference:
Alkahem,
H.
F.
1989.
Effect
of
different
acids
on
the
freshwater
fish,
Aphanius
dispar.
J.
Biol.
Sci.
Res.
20(
3):
537­
545.

3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
No
data
*
3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)
Note
that
data
on
biological
effects
monitoring,
including
biomagnification,
and
biotransformation
and
kinetics
in
environmental
species
are
to
be
reported
in
section
4.7
and
4.8
respectively.
Nonetheless,
concentration
in
various
biota
should
be
reported
here.
Data
on
concentration
in
the
workplace
or
indoor
environment
should
be
reported
under
5.11.

Remarks:
No
data
3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
(
e.
g.
during
the
chemical
life­
cycle.
The
information
should
indicate
whether
the
calculation
is
on
a
global
basis
or
is
site­
specific,
and
whether
it
is
based
on
laboratory
measurements
or
field
observations.)
15
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
*
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Media:
Water
Remarks:
Elevated
nitrate
levels
will
stimulate
plankton
and
aquatic
weed
growth.
References:
Environment
Canada.
1978.
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills:
Nitric
Acid.
Draft.
Ottawa,
Ontario:
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD..

Media:
Soil
Remarks:
During
the
transport
through
the
soil,
nitric
acid
will
dissolve
some
of
the
soil
material,
in
particular,
the
carbonate
based
materials.
The
acid
will
be
neutralized
to
some
degree
with
adsorption
of
the
proton
also
occurring
on
clay
materials.
However,
significant
amounts
of
acid
are
expected
to
remain
for
transport
down
toward
the
ground
water
table.
Upon
reaching
the
ground
water
table,
the
acid
will
move
in
the
direction
of
the
ground
water
flow.
A
contaminated
plume
will
be
produced
with
dilution
and
dispersion
serving
to
reduce
the
acid
concentration.
References:
Environment
Canada.
1978.
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills:
Nitric
Acid
(
Draft).
Ottawa
Ontario:
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
];
Other
[
X]
Media:
Atmosphere
Remarks:
A
mesoscale
model
of
pollutant
transport,
transformation
and
deposition
was
used
to
perform
a
detailed
analysis
of
acidic
deposition
to
the
states
of
New
York
and
Ohio
during
a
3
day
springtime
deposition
episode.
This
model
can
be
used
to
assess
the
roles
of
wet
and
dry
deposition
to
individual
land
types
in
the
removal
of
pollutants
from
the
atmosphere.
Over
two­
thirds
(
67%,
Ohio;
78%,
New
York)
of
the
acidic
deposition
during
this
rainy
period
fell
as
wet
deposition,
primarily
in
the
form
of
sulfuric
acid.
Dry
deposition
of
sulfur
dioxide
accounted
for
70­
75%
of
the
total
dry
acidic
deposition
in
both
areas,
and
most
of
the
remaining
dry
deposition
occurred
as
nitric
acid.
Over
both
deposition
areas,
particulate
sulfate
deposition
accounted
for
<
1%
of
the
total
acid
deposition.
Due
to
the
highly
surface
specific
nature
of
the
dry
deposition
process,
individual
land
types
displayed
unique
patterns
of
pollutant
uptake.
Water
surfaces
absorbed
primarily
16
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
sulfur
dioxide,
while
rougher
forested
areas
absorbed
a
larger
proportion
of
nitric
acid
vapor.
Urban
areas,
with
their
associated
material
surface,
were
found
to
absorb
significantly
less
acid
in
the
dry
form.
During
dry
periods
most
of
this
deposition
may
occur
as
nitric
acid
vapor,
although
considerable
uncertainty
exists
regarding
the
treatment
of
rainfall
wetted
surfaces.
These
model
results
suggest
that
dry
pollutant
fluxes
to
individual
surface
types
will
show
significant
variability
from
any
averaged
flux
estimates
over
larger
areas
encompassing
numerous
land
types.
References:
Walcek,
C.
J.
and
Chang,
T.
S.
1987.
Atmos.
Environ.
21(
5):
1107­
1114.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
];
Other
[
X]
Media:
Atmosphere
Remarks:
Rain
chemistry
was
measured
in
August
1983
on
Allegheny
Mountain
and
Laurel
Hill
in
southwestern
Pennsylvania.
The
average
composition
approximated
a
sulfuric
acid/
nitric
acid
mixture
with
a
volume­
weighted
average
pH
of
3.5
and
sulfate/
nitrate
mole
ratio
of
1.8.
There
was
very
little
undissociated
(
weak)
acidity
and
very
little
sulfur.
The
acidic
rains
were
associated
with
air
masses
traversing
sulfur
dioxide
source
regions
west
of
the
sites.
Stagnation
and
intervening
precipitation
were
important
influences.
The
geographic
scale
for
a
halving
of
rain
sulfate
concentration
downwind
of
sulfur
dioxide
sources
washing
ratios
were
inferred
for
sulfur
dioxide,
aerosol
sulfate,
and
nitric
acid.
On
average
about
half
of
the
rain
sulfate
resulted
from
scavenging
of
sulfur
dioxide,
the
rest
from
scavenging
of
aerosol
sulfate.
The
rain
hydrogen
was
attributed
about
25%
to
nitric
acid,
55%
to
scavenging
of
sulfur
dioxide,
and
20%
to
scavenging
of
aerosol
acid
sulfate.
Cumulative
deposition
totals
in
rain
were
compared
with
deposition
in
fog
and
with
dry
deposition
in
the
same
experiment.
A
crude
acid
deposition
budget
was
calculated
as
follows:
47%
sulfuric
acid
in
rain,
23%
sulfur
dioxide
dry
deposition
without
dew,
16%
nitric
acid
and
sulfuric
acid
in
fog
and
dew,
and
0.5%
aerosol
dry
deposition
without
dew.
References:
Pierson,
W.
F.
1987.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol.
21(
7):
679­
691.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
];
Other
[
X]
Media:
Atmosphere
17
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Remarks:
Dry
deposition
of
nitric
acid
to
forests
is
controlled
by
aerodynamic
properties
of
the
canopy.
Most
surfaces
are
strong
sinks
for
nitric
acid,
and
measurements
show
that
deposition
rates
to
vegetation
are
determined
entirely
by
atmospheric
transport,
i.
e.
there
are
no
surface
resistances
limiting
uptake
rates.
For
a
typical
forest
10
m
high
in
a
wind
speed
of
about
5
m/
sec,
values
of
deposition
velocity
for
nitric
acid
are
likely
to
be
in
the
50­
100
mm/
sec
range.
For
an
average
air
concentration
of
0.5
nL/
L
nitric
acid,
this
would
result
in
the
deposition
of
4­
8
kg
N/
ha/
yr.
A
multi­
layer
canopy
gas
and
radiation
exchange
model
(
Maestro)
was
modified
to
calculate
air
pollutant
deposition.
Leaf
boundary
layer
resistances,
and
stomatal
resistances
in
the
model
were
adjusted
for
gas
molecular
diffusivity,
and
leaf
surface
resistances
and
internal
resistances
were
added.
A
comparison
between
nitric
acid
deposition
on
Keilder
Forest
(
300
m
above
sea
level),
United
Kingdom
and
Whitetop
Mountain
(
1,682
m
above
sea
level),
Virginia
for
6
months
(
spring­
summer)
gave
gas
concentrations
of
0.3
nL/
L
and
0.7
nL/
L,
respectively.
References:
Unsworth,
M.
H.
and
Wilshaw,
J.
C.
1989.
Agric.
Forest
Meteorol.
47(
2­
4):
221­
238.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
];
Other
[
X]
Media:
Soil
Remarks:
Nitric
acid
will
be
gradually
neutralized
by
hardness
minerals
(
calcium
and
magnesium)
in
soil
and
water.
The
nitrate
ion
may
persist
longer,
but
will
ultimately
be
consumed
as
a
plant
nutrient.
References:
Environment
Canada.
1978.
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills:
Nitric
acid.
Draft.
Ottawa,
Ontario:
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
];
Other
[
X]
Media:
Air
Method:
Atmospheric
measurements
were
made
at
a
measuring
station
on
Zealand,
located
35
km
east
of
Copenhagen.
HNO3
was
collected
on
a
denuder
coated
with
sodium
chloride.
Results:
Atmospheric
concentration
was
0.17
±
0.03
µ
g
N/
m3.
The
dry
deposition
velocity
(
from
another
study)
was
1.30
cm/
s.
The
dry
deposited
amount
was
190
kg
N/
km2/
day.
The
proportion
of
deposited
amount
was
16%.
18
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Remarks:
The
study
which
computed
the
dry
deposition
velocity
used
a
wind
velocity
of
5
m/
s
at
neutral
conditions.
References:
Nielsen,
T.,
Pilegaard,
K.,
Egelov,
A.
H.,
Granby,
K.,
Hummelshoj,
P.,
Jensen,
N.
O.,
and
Skov,
H.
1996.
Atmospheric
nitrogen
compounds:
Occurrence,
composition,
and
deposition.
The
Science
of
the
Total
Environment
189/
190:
459­
465.

*
3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Remarks:
No
data
3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
Dissociates
in
water
into
its
respective
ions
(
H+;
NO3
­).
Reference:
Alkahem,
H.
F.
1989.
Effect
of
different
acids
on
the
freshwater
fish,
Aphanius
dispar.
J.
Biol.
Sci.
Res.
20(
3):
537­
545.

*
3.5
BIODEGRADATION
Remarks:
Not
relevant
3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
Remarks:
Not
relevant
3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remarks:
Does
not
bioaccumulate.

3.8
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Sewage
treatment
(
Information
on
treatability
of
the
substance)

Remarks:
No
data
B.
Other
information
[
Information
that
will
help
to
focus
the
exposure
assessment
(
either
qualitative
or
quantitative)]

Remarks:
No
data
19
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
4.
ECOTOXICITY
*
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Aphanius
dispar
(
freshwater
fish)
Exposure
period:
96
hours
Results:
LC50
(
96­
h)
=
pH
3.71
(
HNO3);
pH
3.84
(
H2SO4);
pH
3.58
(
H3PO4);
pH
3.75
(
HCl)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
After
acclimation,
15
fish
were
transferred
to
each
test
aquarium
at
pH
4.5,
4.0,
3.75,
3.25,
or
3.0.
The
control
had
a
pH
of
7.6.
The
pH
grades
were
prepared
by
adding
the
required
amount
of
the
respective
acids.
The
number
of
dead
fish
at
each
pH
was
registered
at
6,
24,
48,
72,
and
96­
hours
of
exposure.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Nitric
acid
(
HNO3),
Sulfuric
acid
(
H2SO4),
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4),
Hydrochloric
acid
(
HCl)
Remarks:
Initially,
exposure
to
the
lethal
pH
resulted
in
hyperactivity,
erratic
swimming,
and
occasional
convulsion.
Over
time,
fish
at
pH
4.5
and
4.0
settled
motionless
at
the
bottom
and
those
at
pH
3.25
and
3.0
showed
restlessness.
Test
animals
secreted
mucus
so
profusely
at
advanced
stages
of
exposure
that
the
water
became
milky.
At
the
final
stage
of
exposure,
fish
lost
their
sense
of
balance
and
swam
lateral­
side
up.
Physiological
and
mechanical
responses
eventually
resulted
in
death
in
some
specimens.
The
results
of
this
study
show
that
nitric
acid
is
only
moderately
toxic
while
sulfuric
acid
is
the
most
toxic.
Therefore,
the
quantity
as
well
as
quality
of
acid
must
be
considered
in
assessing
the
impact
of
acid
precipitation
in
fish
populations.
References:
Alkahem,
H.
F.
1989.
Effect
of
different
acids
on
the
freshwater
fish,
Aphanius
dispar.
J.
Biol.
Sci.
Res.
20(
3):
537­
545.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Salmo
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
Exposure
period:
7
days
Results:
LC50
(
0.95
g
fish)
=
pH
4.0
20
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Seven­
day
bioassays
were
used
to
measure
the
acute
toxicity
of
HNO3.
Tests
were
run
in
38­
L
glass
aquarium
containing
filtered
tapwater
adjusted
to
the
treatment
pH.
The
aquaria
were
held
at
11
°
C
under
a
12­
h
light/
12­
h
dark
cycle.
Ten
fish
were
randomly
selected
for
each
treatment
and
each
treatment
was
randomly
assigned
to
an
incubator.
The
following
treatments
were
used:
pH
3.0,
3.3,
3.7,
4.0,
4.3,
4.7,
and
5.0
tapwater,
and
tapwater
plus
nitric
acid.
The
water
was
bubbled
to
remove
CO2.
Final
adjustment
to
the
experimental
pH
was
done
using
reagent
grade
NaOH.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Reagent
grade
nitric
acid
(
HNO3)
Remarks:
At
pH
3.0
to
4.0,
fish
became
flecked
with
thick
white
mucus
just
prior
to
death
and
exhibited
"
coughing".
They
became
disoriented
shortly
before
death
and
tended
to
drift
in
the
current
produced
by
the
aeration
in
the
tank.
Fish
that
died
at
pH
5.0
didn't
show
any
of
these
symptoms.
The
authors
were
unable
to
explain
the
mortality
observed
at
pH
5.0.
Comparison
with
the
results
of
this
experiment
and
results
of
other
toxicity
studies
suggests
that
HNO3
is
intermediate
in
toxicity
between
H2SO4
and
HCl
at
pH
3.0
and
less
toxic
than
either
acid
at
pH
3.3
and
above.
References:
Swift,
M.
C.
and
Morgan,
R.
P.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
nitric
acid
to
fingerling
rainbow
trout
(
Salmo
gairdneri).
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
76C(
2):
227­
229.

4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
*
A.
Daphnia
Remarks:
No
data
*
B.
Other
aquatic
organisms
Remarks:
No
data
*
4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
Species:
Nitzschia
palea
(
diatom)
Endpoint:
Growth
in
continuous
laboratory
culture
tube
Exposure
period:
672­
hours
Results:
See
remarks
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
21
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Two
drops
of
innoculum
containing
approximately
39,500
cells
were
transferred
to
15
mL
of
culture
medium.
This
growth
system
consisted
of
a
modified
Chu
#
10
medium
mixed
with
either
deionized
water
for
the
control,
or
0.0001
M
nitric
or
sulfuric
acids.
These
were
held
at
20
°
C.
The
initial
calculated
cell
count
was
2,630
cells/
mL.
At
each
sampling
(
64­
to
672­
hours)
one
culture
tube
from
each
treatment
was
examined
for
pH
and
cell
density.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X
]
Test
substance:
Nitric
acid
(
HNO3),
Sulfuric
acid
(
H2SO4)
Remarks:
The
measured
pH
of
the
treatment
systems
was
not
significantly
different
from
the
control.
The
acid
treatments
reduced
the
cell
count
(
at
600­
hours)
to
66%
for
nitric
acid
and
to
33%
for
sulfuric
acid.
The
growth
rate
calculated
between
500
and
600
hours
were
1,413
cells/
mL/
hr
for
the
control,
904
cells/
mL/
hr
for
nitric
acid
and
360
cells/
mL/
hr
for
sulfuric
acid.
The
calculated
cell
yield
at
600
hours
was
254,300
cells/
mL
for
the
control,
169,300
cells/
mL
for
nitric
acid
and
85,100
cells/
mL
for
sulfuric
acid.
References:
Eggleston,
P.
M.,
Loiselle,
D.
S.,
and
Skalny,
M.
S.
1991.
The
effects
of
nitric
and
sulfuric
acids
on
the
diatom
Nitzschia
palea
(
Kutz.)
W.
Smith.
J.
of
Freshwater
Ecology
6(
4):
451­
453.

4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
(
Single
species
test
and
tests
on
overall
processes
such
as
nitrification
or
soil
respiration
are
included
in
this
item.)

Type
of
test:
Aquatic
[
];
Field
[
X];
Soil
[
];
Other
[
]
Species:
Bacteria
Exposure
period:
12
growing
seasons
Results:
See
remarks
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
The
study
area
was
situated
near
Kevo
Subarctic
Research
Station
in
northern
Finland.
Each
of
the
60
study
plots
(
5
m
by
5
m)
supported
at
least
one
pine
and
one
mountain
birch.
The
treatments
were
dry
control,
irrigated
control
treated
with
spring
water
(
pH
6),
and
medium
(
pH
4.7)
and
high
levels
(
pH
3.4)
of
simulated
acid
rain
(
HNO3,
H2SO4,
or
combination).
Humus
samples
were
collected
for
12
growing
seasons
after
the
start
of
a
simulated
acid
rain
experiment.
Total
organic
carbon
and
nitrogen
were
determined
by
dry
combustion.
The
water
content
of
fresh
humus
was
adjusted
to
60%
of
the
water­
holding
capacity
before
respiration
of
microbes
was
determined.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
22
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Test
substance:
Nitric
acid
(
HNO3)
and
Sulfuric
acid
(
H2SO4)
Remarks:
The
total
biomass
of
active
microorganisms
and
the
total
amount
of
microbe­
derived
phospholipid
fatty
acids
(
PLFA)
were
found
to
be
dependent
on
pH.
Respiration
rate
and
amount
of
bacterial
PLFA
decreased
with
decreasing
pH.
Bacterial
communities
showed
a
greater
tolerance
for
an
acidic
environment
as
the
pH
decreased.
Coniferous
forest
humus
seems
to
contain
a
bacterial
group,
consisting
mainly
of
gram­
positive
bacteria,
which
easily
adapts
to
an
acid
environment,
and
a
group
of
bacteria,
mainly
gram­
negative
ones,
which
more
easily
adapts
to
humus
with
a
more
neutral
pH.
However,
whether
this
situation
represents
a
direct
pH
effect
or
an
effect
of
pH
altering
carbon
availability
and
thus
selecting
for
more
active
bacteria
cannot
be
elucidated
from
these
results.
The
potential
of
the
bacterial
community
to
degrade
different
carbon
sources
appeared
to
be
only
slightly
affected
by
pH.
It
is
likely
that
the
increased
acid
tolerance
of
the
bacterial
community
resulted
at
least
in
part
from
a
shift
in
species
composition.
It
has
been
suggested
that
the
reduction
in
the
availability
of
carbon
for
microbes
is
the
main
reason
for
the
adverse
effects
of
acidification;
reduced
substrate
availability
of
heterotrophs
may
thus
determine
microbial
activity.
No
differences
in
the
toxicity
of
HNO3
and
H2SO4
were
found.
References:
Pennanen,
T.,
Fritze,
H.,
Vanhala,
P.,
Kiikkila,
O.,
Neuvonen,
S.,
and
Baath,
E.
1998.
Structure
of
a
microbial
community
in
soil
after
prolonged
addition
of
low
levels
of
simulated
acid
rain.
Appl.
Environ.
Microbiol.
64(
6):
2173­
2180.

4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
Effects
on
reproduction,
embryo/
larva,
etc.)

Remarks:
No
data
(*)
4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
(
e.
g.
Daphnia
reproduction.
The
need
to
conduct
tests
for
this
endpoint
will
depend
inter
alia
upon
possible
concern
for
long
term
effects.)

Remarks:
No
data
4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
23
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
Remarks:
No
data
4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Remarks:
No
data
4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Remarks:
No
data
4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGIFICATION)
[
Studies
on
variation
of
predominant
species
in
certain
ecosystems
(
e.
g.
mesocosm)
and
monitoring
of
biological
effects
are
included.]

Remarks:
No
data
4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
(
Under
this
item,
studies
on
absorption,
distribution,
metabolism
and
excretion
etc.
should
be
given.)

Remarks:
No
data
4.9
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
Remarks:
None
24
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
5.
TOXICITY
(
Where
observations
on
humans
are
available,
these
should
be
entered
in
the
appropriate
"
comments"
section
or
under
section
5.11.)

*
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
data
5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
X];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Value:
LC50
(
rat;
4
hr;
red
fuming
nitric
acid)
=
67
ppm
NO2
LC50
(
rat;
4
hr;
red
fuming
nitric
acid)
=
65
ppm
NO2
LC50
(
rat;
30
min;
white
fuming
nitric
acid)
=
244
ppm
NO2
(
334
ppm
WFNA)
(
0.1
 
0.4%
NO2)
LC50
(
rat;
30
min;
red
fuming
nitric
acid)
=
138
ppm
NO2
(
310
ppm
RFNA)
(
8­
17%
nitrogen
dioxide)
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Mice
and
rats
were
exposed
via
inhalation
to
either
red
fuming
nitric
acid
(
RHNA)
(
groups
of
10)
or
white
fuming
nitric
acid
(
WFNA)
(
groups
of
5).
RFNA
and
WFNA
consist
of
two
compounds:
nitric
acid
and
nitrogen
dioxide.
Additional
studies
were
done
with
nitrogen
dioxide
alone.
The
data
indicate
that
nitrogen
dioxide
gas
(
LC50
=
174
ppm)
is
about
twice
as
toxic
as
nitric
acid
vapor.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Red
fuming
or
white
fuming
nitric
acid
References:
Gray,
E.
L.,
Goldberg,
S.
B.,
and
Patton,
F.
M.
1954.
Toxicity
of
the
oxides
of
nitrogen
 
I.
Introduction
and
apparatus.
Arch.
Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
10:
409­
17.
Gray,
E.
L.,
MacNamee,
J.
K.,
and
Goldberg,
S.
B.
1952.
Toxicity
of
NO2
vapors
at
very
low
levels
 
A
preliminary
report.
Arch.
Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
6:
20­
21.
Gray,
E.
L.,
Patton,
F.
M.,
Goldberg,
S.
B.,
and
Kaplan,
E.
1954.
Toxicity
of
the
oxides
of
nitrogen
 
II.
Acute
inhalation
toxicity
of
nitrogen
dioxide,
red
fuming
nitric
acid,
and
white
fuming
nitric
acid.
Arch.
Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
10:
418­
22.
NIOSH.
1976.
Criteria
for
a
recommended
standard 
Occupational
exposure
to
Nitric
Acid.
US
Dept.
Health,
Education
and
Welfare,
National
Institute
for
25
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Occupational
Safety
and
Health.
HEW
Publication
No.
(
NIOSH)
76­
141.

5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
data
5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
(
e.
g.
subcutaneous,
intravenous,
etc.)

Remarks:
No
data
5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Remarks:
Corrosive
to
the
skin
Reference:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1976.
Criteria
for
a
recommended
standard 
Occupational
exposure
to
Nitric
Acid.
US
Dept.
Health,
Education
and
Welfare,
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health.
HEW
Publication
No.
(
NIOSH)
76­
141.

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Remarks:
Corrosive
to
eyes
Reference:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1976.
Criteria
for
a
recommended
standard 
Occupational
exposure
to
Nitric
Acid.
US
Dept.
Health,
Education
and
Welfare,
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health.
HEW
Publication
No.
(
NIOSH)
76­
141.

5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
Remarks:
No
data
*
5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
Species/
strain:
Mouse,
rat,
guinea
pig
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
Up
to
6
months
26
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Frequency
of
treatment:
4
hours/
day,
5
days/
week
Dose:
4
ppm
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
Exposed
animals
showed
no
significant
increase
in
pathologic
changes
such
as
pulmonary
congestion
when
compared
to
control
animals.
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Ninety
rats,
thirty
mice
and
10
guinea
pigs
were
exposed
to
RFNA
for
up
to
6
months.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Red
fuming
nitric
acid
(
RFNA)
References:
Gray,
E.
L.,
Goldberg,
S.
B.,
Patton,
F.
M.
1954.
Toxicity
of
the
oxides
of
nitrogen
 
III.
Effect
of
chronic
exposure
to
low
concentrations
of
vapors
from
red
fuming
nitric
acid.
Arch.
Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
10:
423­
25.
NIOSH.
1976.
Criteria
for
a
recommended
standard 
Occupational
exposure
to
Nitric
Acid.
US
Dept.
Health,
Education
and
Welfare,
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health.
HEW
Publication
No.
(
NIOSH)
76­
141.

*
5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
System
of
testing:
Salmonella
typhimurium
TA1535,
TA100,
TA1537,
TA98
Concentration:
20­
5000
µ
g/
plate
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
OECD
Guideline
471
(
1983)
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Nitric
acid
References:
BASF
AG
Study
No.
88/
972,
March
13,
1989.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Nitric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
27
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
Remarks:
No
data
*
5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
Remarks:
No
data
5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
data
5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Remarks:
No
data
*
5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
data
5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
A.
Specific
toxicities
(
a)
Type:
Induced
bronchial
injury
Remarks:
Studies
have
been
conducted
with
several
species
(
Syrian
golden
hamster,
mongrel
dog,
rat)
in
which
high
concentrations
of
nitric
acid
were
used
to
induce
bronchial
injury.
Nebulized
or
liquid
nitric
acid
was
introduced
intratracheally
under
varying
dosing
regimens
and
durations.
Observed
effects
included
severe
hemorrhagic
pulmonary
edema,
damage
to
elastic
fibers,
increased
collagen
depositioning,
chronic
airway
inflammation,
cell
hyperplasia,
decreases
in
total
lung
and
vital
capacity
and
other
measures
of
pulmonary
fitness.
In
some
acute
exposures,
mortality
was
observed.
References:
Coalson,
J.
J.
and
Collins,
J.
F.
1985.
Nitric
acid­
induced
injury
in
the
hamster
lung.
Br.
J.
Exp.
Path.
66:
205­
215.
Gardiner,
T.
H.
and
Schanker,
L.
S.
1976.
Effect
of
oxygen
toxicity
and
nitric
acid­
induced
lung
damage
on
drug
absorption
from
the
rat
lung.
Research
Communications
on
Chemical
Pathology
and
Pharmacology
15(
1):
107­
120.
28
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Fujita,
M.,
Schroeder,
M.
A.,
and
Hyatt,
R.
E.
1988.
Canine
model
of
chronic
bronchial
injury.
Am.
Rev.
Respir.
Dis.
137:
429­
434.
Peters,
S.
G.
and
Hyatt,
R.
E.
1986.
A
canine
model
of
bronchial
injury
induced
by
nitric
acid.
Am.
Rev.
Respir.
Dis.
133:
1049­
1054.

(
b)
Remarks:
Concentrated
nitric
acid,
including
fuming
nitric
acid,
exhibits
a
corrosive
effect
on
tissues.
The
degree
of
effect
depends
on
the
concentration
of
the
acid,
with
dilute
solutions
causing
mild
irritation
and
staining
of
the
skin
and
concentrated
solutions
causing
severe
burns
and
injury
to
tissues.
Varying
degrees
of
upper
respiratory
irritation
will
occur
after
inhalation
of
dilute
mixtures
of
nitric
acid
and
nitrogen
oxides
(
called
fuming
nitric
acids).
Pulmonary
edema
and
other
severe
effects
can
occur
upon
inhalation
of
concentrated
vapors.
References:
NIOSH.
1976.
Criteria
for
a
recommended
standard 
Occupational
exposure
to
nitric
acid.
US
Dept.
Health,
Education
and
Welfare,
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health.
HEW
Publication
No.
(
NIOSH)
76­
141.

B.
Toxicodynamics,
toxicokinetics
Results:
No
data
*
5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
[
Describe
information
on
workplace
exposure
such
as
concentration
of
chemicals
in
the
workplace
or
indoor
environment
(
manufacturing,
maintenance
and
professional
use),
number
of
workers
(
in
ranges
for
each
situation),
frequency
and
duration
of
exposure,
if
available.
In
addition,
enter
details
of
effects
of
accidental
or
occupational
exposure,
epidemiological
and
clinical
studies,
case
reports,
etc.]

(
a)
Results:
On
arrival
at
the
hospital
emergency
room,
dyspnea
at
rest,
expiratory
stridor,
peripheral
cyanosis,
and
general
paleness
were
noticed.
Blood
pressure
was
120/
60
mm
Hg
with
a
heart
rate
of
100
beats
per
minute.
Auscultation
of
the
chest
revealed
bilateral
pulmonary
rales
and
the
first
chest
X­
ray
revealed
pulmonary
edema.
Two­
hours
after
admission,
the
respiratory
situation
of
the
patient
worsened
and
mechanical
ventilation
was
necessary.
A
bronchoscopy
performed
20­
hours
after
admission
revealed
massive
bronchial
secretion
and
multiple
lesions
of
the
bronchial
mucosa.
On
the
third
day,
the
right
leg
became
ischemic
due
to
a
complication
of
the
extracorporeal
membrane
oxygenation
(
ECMO)
support.
On
the
fourth
day,
the
29
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
patient
died
from
refractory
respiratory
failure
attributed
to
fulminant
pulmonary
edema.
Remarks:
A
56­
year
old
white
male
cleaned
a
copper
chandelier
with
60%
nitric
acid
solution.
The
first
symptoms
of
respiratory
distress
occurred
within
30
minutes.
Reference:
Bur,
A.,
Wagner,
A.,
Roggla,
M.,
Berzlanovic,
A.,
Herkner,
H.,
Sterz,
F.,
and
Laggner,
A.
N.
1997.
Fatal
pulmonary
edema
after
nitric
acid
inhalation.
Resuscitation
35:
33­
36.
30
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
6.
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1989.
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A.,
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H.,
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F.,
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A.
N.
1997.
Fatal
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acid
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Resuscitation
35:
33­
36.

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J.
J.
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J.
F.
1985.
Nitric
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the
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205­
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1988.
Canine
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bronchial
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Am.
Rev.
Respir.
Dis.
137:
429­
434.

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T.
H.
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L.
S.
1976.
Effect
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oxygen
toxicity
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nitric
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lung
damage
on
drug
absorption
from
the
rat
lung.
Research
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on
Chemical
Pathology
and
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15(
1):
107­
120.
31
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
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E.
L.,
Goldberg,
S.
B.,
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F.
M.
1954.
Toxicity
of
the
oxides
of
nitrogen
 
I.
Introduction
and
apparatus.
Arch.
Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
10:
409­
17.
Gray,
E.
L.,
Goldberg,
S.
B.,
Patton,
F.
M.
1954.
Toxicity
of
the
oxides
of
nitrogen
 
III.
Effect
of
chronic
exposure
to
low
concentrations
of
vapors
from
red
fuming
nitric
acid.
Arch.
Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
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423­
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L.,
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J.
K.,
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S.
B.
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very
low
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A
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Ind.
Hyg.
Occup.
Med.
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20­
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L.,
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F.
M.,
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E.
1954.
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the
oxides
of
nitrogen
 
II.
Acute
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toxicity
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red
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nitric
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white
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standard 
Occupational
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to
Nitric
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for
Occupational
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O.,
Neuvonen,
S.,
and
Baath,
E.
1998.
Structure
of
a
microbial
community
in
soil
after
prolonged
addition
of
low
levels
of
simulated
acid
rain.
Appl.
Environ.
Microbiol.
64(
6):
2173­
2180.

Peters,
S.
G.
and
Hyatt,
R.
E.
1986.
A
canine
model
of
bronchial
injury
induced
by
nitric
acid.
Am.
Rev.
Respir.
Dis.
133:
1049­
1054.
32
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Pierson,
W.
F.
1987.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol.
21(
7):
679­
691.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

STNEasy.
1999.
Chemlist.
STN
International.
<
http://
www.
cas.
org/
stn.
html>

Stumm,
W.
and
Morgan,
J.
J.
1996.
Aquatic
Chemistry.
Chemical
Equilibria
and
Rates
in
Natural
Waters.
New
York:
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
Inc.

Swift,
M.
C.
and
Morgan,
R.
P.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
nitric
acid
to
fingerling
rainbow
trout
(
Salmo
gairdneri).
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
76C(
2):
227­
229.

Unsworth,
M.
H.
and
Wilshaw,
J.
C.
1989.
Agric.
Forest
Meteorol.
47(
2­
4):
221­
238.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gov/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.

Walcek,
C.
J.
and
Chang,
T.
S.
1987.
Atmos.
Environ.
21(
5):
1107­
1114.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
Nitric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
APPENDIX
A
­
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Nitric
Acid.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
CAS
No:
7697­
37­
2
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimation
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
DATA
ELEMENT
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.12
Melting
Point
Boiling
Point
Density
Vapour
Pressure
Partition
Coefficient
Water
Solubility
pH
and
pKa
values
Oxidation:
Reduction
potential
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
­
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
Photodegradation
Stability
in
Water
Monitoring
Data
Transport
and
Distribution
Biodegradation
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
­
Y
­
Y
­
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
4.2
4.3
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Acute
toxicity
to
Daphnia
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
­
Y
N
N
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
TOXICITY
5.1.2
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.11
Acute
Inhalation
Repeated
Dose
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Development/
Teratogenicity
Human
Experience
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
­
­
­
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)
APPENDIX
B
­
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
Nitric,
Sulfuric
and
Phosphoric
Acids
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
­
41.59oC
21
(
85%
solution)
10oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
83
°
C
at
1
atm
158oC
280­
290oC
at
1
atm
2.3
Density
15.1
g/
mL
at
25
°
C
1.87
g/
mL
at
25oC
1.84
x
10­
6
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.4
Vapour
Pressure
62
mm
Hg
at
25
°
C
(
low
volatility)
0.03­
1.5
mm
Hg
at
20oC
(
low
volatility)
7.5
x
10­
4
mm
Hg
at
20oC
(
low
volatility)

2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
Guideline
107,
GLP
­
2.3
at
25
°
C
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1
x
106
mg/
L
at
25
°
C
(
highly
soluble)
750­
850
g/
L
(
highly
soluble)
Miscible
(
highly
soluble)

2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
1.0
at
0.1
M
pKa:
­
1.4
pH:
1­
1.5
at
1­
10
g/
L
pK1:
2.15;
pK2;

7.09;
pK3
12.32
at
25oC
pH:
0.3
at
49
g/
L
pK1:
­
3;
pK2
1.92
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Non­
flammable
DIN
51584
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
Possible
with
contact
with
metals
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Oxidizes
Powerful
acidic
oxidizer
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
2.45
x
106
atm*
m3/
mol
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Dissociates
into
its
respective
ions
(
H+;
NO3
­)
Ionic
dissociation
in
water
Dissociates
in
water
to
form
sulfate
salts,

especially
with
calcium
and
magnesium
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Dissolves
some
soil
material
Dissolves
some
soil
material,
in
particular
carbonate­
based
materials
3.2
Monitoring
Data
Average
concentration
of
13.5
µ
g/
m3
for
urban
eastern
U.
S.

3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Dissolves
carbonates;
nitrate
ions
taken
up
by
plants
stimulate
growth
Under
acidic
soil
conditions,

sparsely
soluble
phosphates
tend
to
solubilize
and
may
migrate
to
water
Dissolves
in
the
atmosphere;
highly
mobile
in
soil
and
can
dissolve
carbonate­
based
materials
3.5
Biodegradation
Under
anaerobic
conditions,
microorganisms
may
degrade
the
product
to
phosphine
Sulfate­
reducing
bacteria
break
down
sulfuric
acid
3.6
BOD5
Does
not
cause
a
biochemical
oxygen
demand
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Bioaccumulation
is
not
a
concern
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
A.
dispar
(
freshwater
fish)

S.
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
96­
hr.

semistatic
7­
day
semistatic
LC50
(
96
hr)
=
pH
3.7.
LC50
(
7
days)
=
pH
4.0
L.
macrochirus
(
bluegill
sunfish)
96­
hr.
static
LC50
=
pH
3.0
­

3.5
L.
macrochirus
(
bluegill),

A.
dispar
S.
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)

B.
rerio
G.
affinis
(
mosquito
fish)
96­
hr
semistatic
96­
hr
semi­

static,
Continuous
or
pulsed
96­
hr
static,

OECD
Guideline
203
96­
hr
static
LC50
=
pH
3.0­

3.84
LC50
=
3.7­
4.41
LC50
=
500
mg/
L
(
pH
2.29)

LC50
=
42
mg/
L
(
pH
3.37)

4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
D.
magna
D.
pulex
G.
pulex
(
amphipod)
12­
hr.
static
12­
hr.
static
12­
hr.
static
EC50
=
pH
4.6
EC50
=
pH
4.1
LC50
=
pH
3.4
Daphnia
magna
24­
hr
static,

ISO
6341
15
64­
hr
static
EC50
=
29
mg/
L
(
pH
3.5)

EC100
=
88
mg/
L
(
pH
3.05)

4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
N.
palea
(
diatom)
28­
day
growth
in
lab
culture
tube
Inhibited
growth
of
diatoms
at
6.3
mg/
L
N.
palea
(
diatom)
28­
day
growth
in
lab
culture
tube
Growth
inhibition
as
determined
by
cell
count
observed
at
10
mg/
L
(
pH:

3.99)

4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Subarctic
field
study
Total
biomass
was
dependent
on
pH
Activated
sludge
EC50
=
pH
2.55
Activated
sludge
120­
hr
EC50
=
58
mg/
L
(
pH:
3.23)

4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
S.
fontinalis
(
brook
trout)

C.
carpio,
P.

altivelis,
O.

masou,
S.

pluvius
90­
day
semistatic
pulsed
96­
hr,
larvae
&

fry
exposed
H+
sensitivity
changed
with
developmental
stage
EC50
(
reproduction
rate)
=
~
pH
4.0
­

5.2;
LC50
(
mortality
of
larvae
and
fry)
=
~
pH
3.6
­
5
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
Bacteria
Subarctic
field
study
Total
biomass
was
dependent
on
pH.

4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Peas,
beans,

beets,
rapeseed,

and
weeds
Sprayed
with
15
 
20%

solution
of
H3PO4
Foliage
was
destroyed
on
all
plants
N.
arcticum
(
lichen),
Peltigera.

spp.
(
lichen),

E.
nigrum
(
dwarf
shrub)
and
V.
vitisidaea
(
dwarf
shrub).
Simulated
acid
rain
field
study
in
northern
Finland,
10
growing
seasons
Decrease
in
cover
of
foliose
lichens
and
reduction
in
nitrogen­
fixing
activity
for
nitrogen­
fixing
lichens.
No
longterm
negative
effects
on
fructiose
lichens
reported.

A
pH
of
3
reduced
reproductive
output
of
V.

vitisidaea
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
Sheep
up
to
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
LD50
=
1,530
mg/
kg
bw
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
caused
loss
of
weight
and
death
Rat
OECD
Guideline
401
LD50
=
2,140
mg/
kg
bw;
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hour
single
dose
LC50
=
65­
67
ppm
NO2
Guinea
pig,

mouse,
rat,

rabbit
1­
hr
LC50
=
61­
1,689
mg/
m3
P2O5
Guinea
pig
Rabbit
Rat
1­
hr,
8­
hr
1­
hr
1­
hr
18­
61
mg/
m3
Can
slow
mucus
transport
in
lung
347­
420
ppm
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rabbit
24­
hr
LD50
=
>
1,260
­

>
3,160
mg/
kg
bw
Rat,
mouse,

guinea
pig,

rabbit
Erosion
of
the
skin,
erythema,

and
edema
observed
after
exposure
to
5
­

10%
solution;
no
effects
observed
from
<
5%

solution
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
skin
Rabbit
24­
hr
Highly
irritating
to
corrosive
Rat,
rabbit,

human
OECD
Guideline
404
Not
irritating
at
10%;
corrosive
at
high
concentrations
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
eyes
Rabbit
OECD
Guideline
405
Not
irritating
for
17%
solution
but
severe
irritation
at
higher
concentration
Rat,
rabbit,

mouse
OECD
Guideline
405
Can
cause
irritation
and
corrosion
to
eyes
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Mouse,
rat,

guinea
pig
Via
inhalation:

4
hrs/
day,
5
days/
week,

6
months
No
significant
effects
at
4
ppm
Rat
Continuous,
up
to
14
weeks
No
effects
on
body
or
lung
weights
or
myokinetic
activity
up
to
150
 g/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.4
(
continued)
Rat
6
hr/
day,
5
day/
wk,
6
months
Normal
weight
gain
and
no
respiratory
lesions
at
10
mg/
m3
Rabbit
1
hr/
day,
5
day/
wk,
up
to
12
months
At
250
 g/
m3,

weight
reduction
and
increased
bronchial
reactivity
were
observed
Rabbit
2
hr/
day,
14
days
Retardation
of
respiratory
tract
clearance
at
503
 g/
m3
Guinea
pig
Several
studies
ranging
from
4
to
23
hrs/
day
and
for
2
days
up
to
12
months
No
effects
on
body
weight,
lung
function
or
pathology
at
up
to
2.49
mg/
m3
Minimal
changes
at
10
mg/
m3
but
damage
to
lungs
at
25
mg/
m3
Monkey
23.5
hr/
day,
7
day/
wk,
78
weeks
Deterioration
of
pulmonary
structure
and
function
at
doses
up
to
4.79
mg/
m3
Dog
21
hr/
day,
620
days
Reduced
lung
function,
volume
and
weight
at
0.9
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.4
(
continued)
Chick,
mallard
ducklings
Via
oral
feed:

up
to
11,117
mg/
kg/
day,
14
days
(
chicks);

12,393
mg/
kg/
day,
15
days
(
mallards)
Decrease
in
growth
of
chicks
at
11,117
mg/
kg/
day
due
to
an
18%
decrease
in
food
intake.
No
effects
in
ducklings
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
S.
typhimurium
OECD
Guideline
471
(
Ames
test)
Negative
S.
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
Negative
S.
typhimurium
E.
coli
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
Negative
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Sea
urchin
Embryo
and
sperm
assays
Aberrations
caused
by
pH
#
6.5
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
One­
generation
375
mg/
kg
bw
did
not
affect
offspring
growth
in
rats
Mouse,

rabbit
Via
inhalation:

7
hrs/
day,
10­

13
days
of
gestation
No
significant
effects
at
20
mg/
m3
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Mouse,

rabbit
Inhalation:
7
hrs/
day,
10­
13
days
of
gestation
NOEL
(
maternal):

5
mg/
m3
NOEL
(
teratogenicity):
20
mg/
m3
5.10A
Specific
Toxicities
Chinese
hamster
cells
Cytotoxicity
in
V79
lung
cells
Effects
on
growth,
survival
rate,
and
macro
molecular
systhesis
at
30
mM
Neurotoxicity
Very
high
doses
can
lead
to
physiological
disruption
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
(
CONT.)

Date:
January
27,
2002
Nitric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7697­
37­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.11
Human
Experience
Acute
accidental
inhalation
Acute
respiratory
injury
leading
to
death
following
exposure
to
60%

nitric
acid
solution
Ingestion,
inhalation
10,000
mg/
m3
is
immediately
dangerous
to
life
High
concentrations
can
irritate
skin
and
mucous
membranes
and
cause
eye
damage.

Inhalation
at
high
concentrations
for
longer
periods
may
cause
respiratory
infections
and
digestive
disturbances.

Dermal
contact
May
irritate
eyes
and
skin
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
15
min
STELTLV
2
ppm
(
5
mg/
m3
in
air)

4
ppm
(
10
mg/
m3
in
air)
8
hr
TWATLV
15
min
STELTLV
1
mg/
m3
in
air
3
mg/
m3
in
air
8
hr.
TWATLV
5
min.

STELTLV
1
mg/
m3
in
air.

2
mg/
m3
in
air