Document ID: OSHA-2018-0003-0041
Agency: osha
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2021-08-19T04:00Z

SUPPORTING STATEMENT FOR 
THE INFORMATION COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS 
IN THE STANDARD FOR THE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
TO BERYLLIUM IN GENERAL INDUSTRY (29 CFR 1910.1024)
OMB CONTROL NUMBER 1218-0267 (July 2021) 
                                       
This is a revision to the currently approved collection of information requirement.
                                       
 Justification 
                                                                                                                              
  Explain the circumstances that make the collection of information necessary.  Identify any legal or administrative requirements that necessitate the collection.  Attach a copy of the appropriate section of each statute and regulation mandating or authorizing the collection of information.
The main objective of the Occupational Safety and Health Act ("OSH Act" or "Act") is to "assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources" (29 U.S.C. 651(a)).  To achieve this objective, the OSH Act specifically authorizes "the development and promulgation of occupational safety and health standards" (29 U.S.C. 651(b)(9)).  The Act further states that "[t]he Secretary . . . shall . . . prescribe such rules and regulations as [he/she] may deem necessary to carry out [his/her] responsibilities under this Act, including rules and regulations dealing with the inspection of an employer's establishment" (29 U.S.C. 657(g)(2)). 
To protect worker health, the OSH Act authorizes the Secretary of Labor (Secretary) to develop standards that provide for "monitoring or measuring employee exposure" to occupational hazards and "prescribe the type and frequency of medical examinations or other tests which shall be made available, by the employer or at [the employer's] cost, to employees exposed to such hazards in order to most effectively determine whether the health of such employees is adversely affected by such exposure" (29 U.S.C. 655(b)(7)).  Moreover, the Act directs the Secretary to "issue regulations requiring employers to maintain accurate records of employee exposures to potentially toxic materials or harmful physical agents which are required to be monitored or measured," and further requires that such regulations provide "for each employee or former employee to have access to such records as will indicate [the employee's] own exposure to toxic materials or harmful physical agents" as appropriate (29 U.S.C. 657(c)(3)).  In addition, the OSH Act mandates that "[e]ach employer shall make, keep and preserve, and make available to the Secretary . . . such records regarding [his/her] activities relating to this Act as the Secretary . . . may prescribe by regulation as necessary or appropriate for the enforcement of this Act or for developing information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational accidents and illnesses" (29 U.S.C. 657(c)(1)).
Section 6(b)(7) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 655(b)(7), further specifies that "[a]ny standard promulgated under this subsection shall prescribe the use of labels or other appropriate forms of warning as are necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of all hazards to which they are exposed, relevant symptoms and appropriate emergency treatment, and proper conditions and precautions of safe use or exposure." 
      
Under the authority granted by the OSH Act, the Secretary, through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA" or "the agency") is issuing a final rule to revise the occupational exposure to beryllium and beryllium compounds standard for general industry (29 CFR 1910.1024).  
 Indicate how, by whom, and for what purpose the information is to be used.  Except for a new collection, indicate the actual use the agency has made of the information received from the current collection.
OSHA is revising the collection of information requirements to only contain the general industry requirements found in the beryllium standards. This revision removes the collection of information requirements in the construction and shipyard sectors.  
The following discussion provides detail on each collection of information requirement general industry standards. 
§ 1910.1024(d) -- Exposure Assessment 

§ 1910.1024(d)(2) -- Performance Option. 
                                                                    
(2) Performance option. The employer must assess the 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure and the 15-minute short-term exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data and objective data sufficient to accurately characterize airborne exposure to beryllium. 

Purpose: The general purposes of requiring an assessment of airborne exposure to beryllium include: determination of the extent and degree of exposure at the worksite; identification and prevention of employee overexposure; identification of the sources of exposure; collection of exposure data so that the employer can select the proper control methods to be used; and evaluation of the effectiveness of those selected methods. Assessment enables employers to meet their legal obligation to ensure that their employees are not exposed in excess of the permissible exposure limit (PEL) and to ensure employees have access to accurate information about their exposure levels, as required by section 8(c)(3) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 657(c)(3). In addition, exposure data enables the physicians or other licensed health care professionals (PLHCP) performing medical examinations to be informed of the extent of occupational exposures.

The performance option is intended to allow employers flexibility in assessing the beryllium exposures of their employees. Under this option, the employer has the option to use any combination of objective data and air monitoring data. Where employers want a more structured approach for meeting their exposure assessment obligations, OSHA also provides the scheduled monitoring option. OSHA takes the burden for the exposure assessment collection of information under the scheduled option paragraph (d)(3).

§ 1910.1024(d)(3) -- Scheduled Monitoring Option.

Initial Monitoring: 

§ 1910.1024(d)(3)(i), (ii) & (iii). 

(i) The employer must perform initial monitoring to assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of one or more personal breathing zone air samples that reflect the airborne exposure of employees on each shift, for each job classification, and in each work area. 

(ii) The employer must perform initial monitoring to assess the short-term exposure from 15-minute personal breathing zone air samples measured in operations that are likely to produce airborne exposure above the short-term exposure limit (STEL) for each work shift, for each job classification, and in each work area.

(iii) Where several employees perform the same tasks on the same shift and in the same work area, the employer may sample a representative fraction of these employees in order to meet the requirements of paragraph (d)(3). In representative sampling, the employer must sample the employee(s) expected to have the highest airborne exposure to beryllium. 

Purpose:  The purpose of initial exposure assessment is to determine the extent and degree of beryllium exposure at the worksite; identification and prevention of employee overexposure; identification of the sources of exposure to beryllium; collection of exposure data so that the employer can select the proper control methods to be used; and evaluation of the effectiveness of those selected methods. Exposure assessment enables employers to meet their legal obligation to ensure that their employees are not exposed to beryllium in excess of the permissible exposure limits and to notify employees of their exposure levels, including any overexposures as required by section 8(c)(3) of the Act (29 U.S.C. § 657(c)(3)). In addition, the availability of exposure data enables physicians or other PLHCPs performing medical examinations to be informed of the extent of an employee's occupational exposures.
Periodic Monitoring:  
§ 1910.1024(d)(3)(v), (vi), (vii) & (viii).
(v) Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is at or above the action level but at or below the TWA permissible exposure limit (PEL), the employer must repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring.

(vi) Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is above the TWA PEL, the employer must repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent 8-hour TWA exposure monitoring.

(vii) Where the most recent (non-initial) exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is below the action level, the employer must repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken seven or more days apart, are below the action level, at which time the employer may discontinue 8-hour TWA exposure monitoring for those employees whose exposure is represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this standard.

(viii) Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is above the STEL, the employer must repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent short-term exposure monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken seven or more days apart, are below the STEL, at which time the employer may discontinue short-term exposure monitoring for those employees whose exposure is represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this standard.
Purpose:  OSHA recognizes that exposures in the workplace may fluctuate.  Periodic monitoring helps employers identify changes in the workplace that influence exposures, and helps employers ensure that workers do not experience exposures that are higher than expected. Periodic monitoring also facilitates the identification and use of additional control measures where necessary.  In addition, periodic monitoring reminds workers and employers of the continued need to protect against the hazards associated with beryllium exposure. The standard allows for employers to discontinue monitoring under certain circumstances.  
§ 1910.1024(d)(4) -- Reassessment of Exposure.
(4) The employer must reassess airborne exposure whenever a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL, or when the employer has any reason to believe that new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL has occurred.

Purpose: The additional assessments required under this subsection are necessary to ensure that the exposure monitoring accurately represents existing exposure conditions. The exposure information gained from such assessments will enable the employer to take appropriate action to protect exposed workers. On the other hand, additional monitoring is not required simply because a change occurs, if the change could not reasonably be expected to result in new or additional exposures to beryllium.
§ 1910.1024(d)(6)(i) & (ii) -- Employee Notification of Assessment Results.

(i) Within 15 working days after completing an exposure assessment in accordance with paragraph (d) of this standard, the employer must notify each employee whose airborne exposure is represented by the assessment of the results of that assessment individually in writing or post the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to each of these employees. 

(ii) Whenever an exposure assessment indicates that airborne exposure is above the TWA PEL or STEL, the employer must describe in the written notification the corrective action being taken to reduce airborne exposure to or below the exposure limit(s) exceeded where feasible corrective action exists but had not been implemented when the monitoring was conducted.

Purpose: Notifying workers of their exposures allows them to know if the employer is required to make medical surveillance available to them, as well as whether the standard requires them to wear respiratory protection and/or personal protective clothing and equipment. Notification can also permit and encourage workers to be more proactive in working safely to control their own exposures through better work practices and more active participation in safety programs.  The time allowed for notification is consistent with the harmonized notification times established for a number of health standards applicable to general industry. 
§ 1910.1024(e)(2)(i) & (ii) -- Demarcation of Beryllium Work Areas and Regulated Areas. 

(2) Demarcation. (i) The employer must identify each beryllium work area through signs or any other methods that adequately establish and inform each employee of the boundaries of each beryllium work area.

(ii) The employer must identify each regulated area in accordance with paragraph (m)(2) of this standard.
      
Purpose:  The purpose of a beryllium work area is to inform employees and other persons of the potential presence of airborne beryllium; to control access to these areas; and in conjunction with other provisions such as the written control plan, hygiene, and housekeeping requirements, to minimize the transfer of beryllium to other areas of the facility and reduce the potential for exposure to other employees. The purpose of a regulated area is to ensure that the employer makes workers aware of the presence of beryllium at levels above the PEL, to limit exposure to as few workers as possible, and to remind employees that personal protective equipment (PPE) is required.  Establishing a regulated area can help to minimize exposure to workers not directly involved in operations that generate beryllium.  
OSHA is not taking burden hours or costs under Items 12 and 13 of this Supporting Statement for the requirement in paragraph (e)(2)(i) to demarcate beryllium work areas. The beryllium work area requirement is performance oriented, allowing the employer to choose how to establish boundaries for each beryllium work area and restrict access. Because the employer may comply with this provision through the use of barriers or other forms of demarcation, rather than through signage, OSHA does not consider this requirement to be a collection of information under 5 CFR 132(c)(2) ("Controlling paperwork burden on the public").
OSHA is also not taking burden hours or costs under Items 12 and 13 of this Supporting Statement for the requirement in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) to identify regulated areas in accordance with paragraph (m)(2). As explained in the discussion of paragraph (m) below, paragraph (m)(2), which requires the posting of a sign to warn employees of the presence of beryllium, requires specific language provided by the agency in the standard. Because paragraph (m)(3), and by extension paragraph (e)(ii)(2), provides specific language for the required warning, it is not a collection of information under 5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2) ("Controlling paperwork burden on the public") and the agency is exempted from taking burden hours and costs of this provision. 
§ 1910.1024(f)(1)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Methods of Compliance -- Written Exposure Control Plan.

(i) The employer must establish, implement, and maintain a written exposure control plan, which must contain:
      (A) A list of operations and job titles reasonably expected to involve airborne exposure to or dermal contact with beryllium;
      (B) A list of operations and job titles reasonably expected to involve airborne exposure at or above the action level; 
      (C) A list of operations and job titles reasonably expected to involve airborne exposure above the TWA PEL or STEL;
      (D) Procedures for minimizing cross-contamination, including the transfer of beryllium between surfaces, equipment, clothing, materials, and articles within beryllium work areas;
      (E) Procedures for keeping surfaces as free as practicable of beryllium; 
      (F) Procedures for minimizing the migration of beryllium from beryllium work areas to other locations within or outside the workplace; 
      (G) A list of engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection required by paragraph (f)(2) of this standard; 
      (H) A list of personal protective clothing and equipment required by paragraph (h) of this standard; and
      (I) Procedures for removing, laundering, storing, cleaning, repairing, and disposing of beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators. 

(ii) The employer must review and evaluate the effectiveness of each written exposure control plan at least annually and update it, as necessary, when:
      (A) Any change in production processes, materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or control methods results, or can reasonably be expected to result, in new or additional airborne exposure to beryllium;  
      (B) The employer is notified that an employee is eligible for medical removal in accordance with paragraph (l)(1) of this standard for evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center, or shows signs or symptoms associated with exposure to beryllium; or 
      (C) The employer has any reason to believe that new or additional airborne exposure is occurring or will occur.

(iii) The employer must make a copy of the written exposure control plan accessible to each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with OSHA's Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (Records Access) standard (29 CFR 1910.1020(e)).

Purpose:  

Paragraph (f)(1)(i): Written exposure control plans are instrumental in ensuring that employers comprehensively and consistently protect employees exposed to beryllium. Requiring employers to articulate conditions resulting in exposure and how those exposures will be controlled will help to ensure that they have a complete understanding of the controls needed to comply with the rule. Even in cases where employees are well trained, the written plan can help to ensure that controls are consistently used and become part of employees' routine skill sets. Employers can also use the plans to ensure that maintenance checks are routinely performed and optimal conditions are maintained. In addition, written exposure control plans are a useful method for communicating protections to employees.

OSHA notes that paragraph (f)(1) of the general industry standard has been revised. Under paragraph (f)(1)(i)(D), employers were previously required to include procedures in their plans for minimizing cross-contamination, "including preventing the transfer of beryllium" between surfaces, equipment, clothing, materials, and articles within beryllium work areas. OSHA has removed the word "preventing" from the regulatory text to clarify that these procedures may not totally eliminate the transfer of beryllium, but should minimize cross-contamination of beryllium. 

Paragraph (f)(1)(ii): The written exposure control plan needs to be periodically reviewed and, if needed, updated because work conditions can change (e.g., the employer purchases a new type of equipment). A yearly review is needed to ensure that all current scenarios are captured in the plan.

OSHA revised paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(B) of the general industry standard by replacing the previously used phrase "airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium" with "exposure to beryllium," which OSHA explained would simplify the language of the provision while still capturing all potential exposure scenarios previously covered.

Paragraph (f)(1)(iii): Requiring the written exposure control plan to be accessible also serves an important purpose. Written exposure control plans are effective methods for communicating protections to employees.  Making the written plan accessible empowers and protects employees by providing them with written information about sources of exposure, controls, and personal protective clothing and equipment, as well as certain other procedures to minimize employee exposure.   
§ 1910.1024(g)(2) -- Respiratory Protection Program.
(2) Respiratory protection program. Where this standard requires an employer to provide respiratory protection, the selection and use of such respiratory protection must be in accordance with the Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134).

Purpose: The respiratory protection program ensures that respirators are properly used in the workplace and are effective in protecting employees. As required under 29 CFR 1910.134(c)(1), employers providing employees with respiratory protection pursuant to the beryllium standard must establish a written respiratory protection program. This written program must include: procedures for selecting respirators for use in the workplace; medical evaluations of employees required to use respirators; fit-testing procedures for tight-fitting respirators; procedures for proper use of respirators in routine and reasonably foreseeable emergency situations; procedures and schedules for maintaining respirators; procedures to ensure adequate quality, quantity, and flow of breathing air for atmosphere-supplying respirators; training of employees in respiratory hazards to which they might be exposed and the proper use of respirators; and procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of the program.  

§ 1910.1024(h)(2)(v) -- Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment -- Removal and Storage. 

(v) When personal protective clothing or equipment required by this standard is removed from the workplace for laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposal, the employer must ensure that personal protective clothing and equipment are stored and transported in sealed bags or other closed containers that are impermeable and are labeled in accordance with paragraph (m)(3) of this standard and the Hazard Communication standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200). 

Purpose: This provision is intended to reduce exposure to beryllium for employees handling beryllium-contaminated materials by requiring these materials to be stored in sealed bags or other closed containers, and by informing those handling the containers that they contain beryllium through labels describing the potentially harmful effects of beryllium exposure.  
OSHA has determined the labeling requirement in paragraph (m)(3) is not a collection of information because the standard provides specific language for the labels.  Information originally supplied by the Federal government to employers for the purpose of disclosing information to employees is excluded from the definition of a "collection of information." (5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2), "Controlling paperwork burden on the public").
§ 1910.1024(h)(3)(iii) -- Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment -- Cleaning and Replacement. 
 
(3)(iii) The employer must inform in writing the persons or the business entities who launder, clean, or repair the personal protective clothing or equipment required by this standard of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to beryllium and that the personal protective clothing and equipment must be handled in accordance with this standard.
Purpose: This provision is intended reduce exposure to beryllium for employees handling beryllium-contaminated materials by providing employers and employees handling these materials the information necessary to protect employees from beryllium exposure.
OSHA notes that this paragraph has been revised to replace the previously used phrase "airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium" with "exposure to beryllium." OSHA explained that this change simplifies the language of the provision while still capturing all potential exposure scenarios currently covered.

§ 1910.1024(j)(3)(i) - (iii) -- Housekeeping  -  Disposal, Recycling, and Reuse.

(3)  Disposal, recycling, and reuse:

(i)  Except for intra-plant transfers, when the employer transfers materials that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium for disposal, recycling, or reuse, the employer must label the materials in accordance with paragraph (m)(3) of this standard; 
(ii)  Except for intra-plant transfers, materials designated for disposal that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium must be cleaned to be as free as practicable of beryllium or placed in enclosure that prevent the release of beryllium-containing particulate or solutions under normal conditions of use, storage, or transport, such as bags or containers; and

(iii) Except for intra-plant transfers, materials designated for recycling or reuse
that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium must
be cleaned to be as free as practicable of beryllium or placed in enclosures that prevent the release of beryllium-containing particulate or solutions under normal conditions of use, storage, or transport, such as bags or containers.

Purpose:  This provision is intended to reduce exposure to beryllium for employees handling beryllium-contaminated materials by requiring these materials to be stored in sealed containers, and warn employers and employees handling the containers of the potentially harmful effects of the beryllium inside those containers to facilitate proper handling and disposal of that material.
OSHA notes that this paragraph has been revised in several ways from the 2017 standard for general industry. As originally promulgated in the 2017 final rule, paragraph (j)(3)(i) required that materials designated for disposal be disposed of in sealed, impermeable enclosures, such as bags or containers, that are labeled according to paragraph (m)(3) of the beryllium standard, but did not allow employers the alternative option of cleaning such material to be as free as practicable of beryllium. Further, both paragraphs (j)(3)(i) and (j)(3)(ii) required that materials be transferred in sealed, impermeable bags, but did not further define this requirement. Finally, the original paragraph (j)(3) did not explicitly address transfers of materials for the purpose of reuse. 
OSHA proposed a number of changes in the 2018 general industry NPRM: adding provisions explicitly addressing transferring materials for reuse; clarifying that the rule's requirements for disposal, recycling, and reuse do not apply to intra-plant transfers; and allowing for the cleaning of materials bound for disposal. The agency also proposed reorganizing the paragraph's two paragraphs into three that focused on specific topics and making minor changes in terminology to improve the clarity and internal consistency of the standard. Only one of the changes is substantive, which is the inclusion of the option for cleaning instead of enclosure; the remaining edits merely clarify OSHA's original intent. In the final standard for general industry, OSHA has finalized the changes proposed in the 2018 NPRM, with only one clarifying revision, which explicitly incorporates the intra-plant exception found in paragraphs (j)(3)(ii) and (j)(3)(iii). 
OSHA is not taking burden hours or costs for the housekeeping provisions under Items 12 or 13 of this Supporting Statement. Because paragraph (m)(3) provides specific language for the required warning, they are not collections of information under 5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2) ("Controlling paperwork burden on the public") and the agency is exempted from taking burden hours and costs of this provision.

§ 1910.1024(k)(1), (2), & (3) -- Medical Surveillance. 

(1)  General. 
(i) The employer must make medical surveillance required by this paragraph available at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable time and place, to each employee:
      (A) Who is or is reasonably expected to be exposed at or above the action level for more than 30 days per year; 
      (B) Who shows signs or symptoms of CBD or other beryllium-related health effects; 
      (C) Who is exposed to beryllium during an emergency; or
      (D) Whose most recent written medical opinion required by paragraph (k)(6) or (k)(7) of this standard recommends periodic medical surveillance.

(ii) The employer must ensure that all medical examinations and procedures required by this standard are performed by, or under the direction of, a licensed physician.

(2)  Frequency. 
The employer must provide a medical examination:

(i) Within 30 days after determining that: 
      (A) An employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A), unless the employee has received a medical examination, provided in accordance with this standard, within the last two years; or
      (B) An employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(B).

(ii) At least every two years thereafter for each employee who continues to meet the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A), (B), or (D) of this standard.

(iii) At the termination of employment for each employee who meets any of the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this standard at the time the employee's employment terminates, unless an examination has been provided in accordance with this standard during the six months prior to the date of termination. Each employee who meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C) and who has not received an examination since exposure to beryllium during the emergency must be provided an examination at the time the employee's employment terminates.

(iv) For an employee who meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C):
 If that employee has not received a medical examination within the previous two years pursuant to paragraph (k)(1)(i), then within 30 days after the employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C); or
 If that employee has received a medical examination within the previous two years pursuant to paragraph (k)(1)(i), then at least one year but no more than two years after the employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C).

(3)  Contents of examination.
(i) The employer must ensure that the PLHCP conducting the examination advises the employee of the risks and benefits of participating in the medical surveillance program and the employee's right to opt out of any or all parts of the medical examination.

(ii) The employer must ensure that the employee is offered a medical examination that includes:
      (A) A medical and work history, with emphasis on past and present airborne exposure to or dermal contact with beryllium, smoking history, and any history of respiratory system dysfunction;
      (B) A physical examination with emphasis on the respiratory system;
      (C) A physical examination for skin rashes;
      (D) Pulmonary function tests, performed in accordance with the guidelines established by the American Thoracic Society including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1);
      (E) A standardized BeLPT or equivalent test, upon the first examination and at least every two years thereafter, unless the employee is confirmed positive. If the results of the BeLPT are other than normal, a follow-up BeLPT must be offered within 30 days, unless the employee has been confirmed positive. Samples must be analyzed in a laboratory certified under the College of American Pathologists/Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments guidelines to perform the BeLPT. 
       (F) A low dose computed tomography scan, when recommended by the PLHCP after considering the employee's history of exposure to beryllium along with other risk factors, such as smoking history, family medical history, sex, age, and presence of existing lung disease; and
      (G) Any other test deemed appropriate by the PLHCP. 

Purpose: The general purposes of the medical surveillance provisions for beryllium include:  to determine, when reasonably possible, if an individual worker is at increased risk for adverse health effects with continued exposure to beryllium; to identify beryllium-related adverse health effects for the purpose of taking appropriate intervention measures; and to determine workers' fitness to use personal protective equipment, such as respirators. The inclusion of medical surveillance requirements in the general industry standard is consistent with Section 6(b)(7) of the OSH Act (29 U.S.C. 655(b)(7)), which requires that, when appropriate, OSHA include medical surveillance programs in its standards to determine whether exposure to the hazard addressed by the standard adversely affects the health of workers. Nearly all of OSHA's health standards include medical surveillance requirements.
The initial medical examination serves to identify workers who have beryllium-related medical diseases or other health problems that additional beryllium exposure may exacerbate.  The requirement that employers offer employees a medical examination within 30 days after determining that the employee is or is reasonably expected to be exposed at or above the action level for more than 30 days a year  would help employers determine if an employee will be able to work in the job involving beryllium exposure without increased risk of adverse health effects.
The requirement to offer an examination to employees who show signs or symptoms of CBD or other beryllium-related health effects is necessary because the risk of material impairment of health remains significant at the action level. Consequently, even employees exposed at the action level for fewer than 30 days in a year may be at risk of developing CBD and other beryllium-related diseases and adverse health effects. In addition, beryllium sensitization and CBD could develop in employees who are especially sensitive to beryllium, may have been unknowingly exposed, or may have been exposed to greater amounts than the exposure assessment suggests. By requiring covered employers to make a medical exam available when an employee exhibits signs or symptoms, the standard protects all employees who may have developed CBD, including employees who have been exposed to beryllium for less than 30 days a year above the action level.

The requirement to offer an examination to employees whose most recent written medical opinion recommends periodic medical surveillance is critical to ensure the evaluation of those workers who have been identified by a PLHCP as in need of further evaluation, but may not otherwise meet a trigger for medical surveillance under paragraphs (k)(1)(i)(A), (B) or (C).
 
The requirement to offer a medical examination at least every two years after the initial examination to employees who continue to meet the criteria is intended to facilitate the detection of health effects at an early stage so that interventions can be taken to improve health. The requirement to offer an examination at termination under the specified circumstances is intended to ensure that no employee terminates employment while carrying a detectable, but undiagnosed, health condition related to beryllium exposure.

The specified contents of the examination are those that are necessary for the PLHCP to opine on any recommended limitations on the employee's use of respirators, protective clothing, or equipment or on the employee's airborne exposure to beryllium and whether the employee has any detected medical condition, such as CBD or beryllium sensitization, or any medical conditions related to airborne exposure that require further evaluation or treatment. The provision for "any other tests deemed appropriate" gives the examining PLHCP the flexibility to determine additional tests that are medically necessary and related to beryllium exposure. This flexibility is needed because there are no tests beyond those listed in paragraphs (k)(3)(ii)(A) - (E) that are necessarily applicable to all employees covered by the medical surveillance requirement.
OSHA notes that this paragraph has been revised from the 2017 standard for general industry. Paragraph (k)(2)(i)(B) of the 2017 standard required the employer to provide a medical examination within 30 days after determining that the employee shows signs or symptoms of CBD or other beryllium-related health effects or that the employee has been exposed to beryllium in an emergency. After publication of the 2017 final rule, stakeholders suggested to OSHA that, for individuals exposed one-time during an emergency, 30 days may be insufficient to detect beryllium sensitization, so a longer timeframe for medical examinations may be more appropriate (83 FR at 63757). 
In the 2018 NPRM, OSHA therefore proposed removing the requirement for a medical examination within 30 days of exposure in an emergency, under paragraph (k)(2)(i)(B), and adding paragraph (k)(2)(iv), which would require the employer to offer a medical examination at least one year after but no more than two years after the employee is exposed to beryllium in an emergency. The final standard for general industry finalized this requirement, with a slight modification to paragraph (k)(2)(iv) to customize protections for two general groups of employees who could be exposed to beryllium in an emergency. Paragraph (k)(2)(iv)(A) now requires the employer to offer a medical examination to an employee within 30 days after the employee was exposed to beryllium in an emergency, if the employee has not had an examination under paragraph (k)(1)(i) within the last two years. Paragraph (k)(2)(iv)(B) requires the employer to offer a medical examination to an employee within one to two years after the employee was exposed to beryllium in an emergency, if the employee had an examination under paragraph (k)(1)(i) of the beryllium standard within the last two years.
§ 1910.1024(k)(4) -- Medical Surveillance -- Information Provided to the PLHCP.

(4) The employer must ensure that the examining PLHCP (and the agreed-upon CBD diagnostic center, if an evaluation is required under paragraph (k)(7) of this standard) has a copy of this standard and must provide the following information, if known:

(i) A description of the employee's former and current duties that relate to the employee's airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium;

(ii) The employee's former and current levels of airborne exposure;

(iii) A description of any personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators, used by the employee, including when and for how long the employee has used that personal protective clothing and equipment; and

(iv) Information from records of employment-related medical examinations previously provided to the employee, currently within the control of the employer, after obtaining written consent from the employee.

Purpose: This information required to be provided to the PLHCP and, when applicable, the CBD diagnostic center, will help the PLHCP and CBD diagnostic center evaluate employees' health as it relates to their assigned duties and fitness to use personal protective equipment, including respirators, when needed. Providing the PLHCP and CBD diagnostic center with exposure monitoring results, as required under paragraph (k)(4)(ii), will assist them in determining if an employee is likely to be at risk of adverse effects from airborne beryllium exposure at work.  A well-documented exposure history will also assist the PLCHP in determining if a condition may be related to beryllium exposure.
§ 1910.1024(k)(5)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Medical Surveillance -- Licensed Physician's Written Medical Report for the Employee.

(5) The employer must ensure that the employee receives a written medical report from the licensed physician within 45 days of the examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard) and that the PLHCP explains the results of the examination to the employee. The written medical report must contain:

(i) A statement indicating the results of the medical examination, including the licensed physician's opinion as to whether the employee has: 
      (A) Any detected medical condition, such as CBD or beryllium sensitization (i.e., the employee is confirmed positive, as defined in paragraph (b) of this standard), that may place the employee at increased risk from further airborne exposure, and 
      (B) Any medical conditions related to airborne exposure that require further evaluation or treatment.

(ii) Any recommendations on:
      (A) The employee's use of respirators, protective clothing, or equipment; or
      (B) Limitations on the employee's airborne exposure to beryllium.

(iii) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD or if the licensed physician otherwise deems it appropriate, the written report must also contain a referral for an evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center.

(iv) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD the written report must also contain a recommendation for continued periodic medical surveillance.

(v) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD the written report must also contain a recommendation for medical removal from airborne exposure to beryllium, as described in paragraph (l) of this standard.

Purpose: The rule requires that only the employee receive a written medical report that includes detailed medical information. By providing the licensed physician's written medical report to employees, those who might be at increased risk of health impairment from airborne beryllium exposure will be able to consider interventions (i.e., health management strategies) with guidance from the licensed physician. Such strategies might include employment choices to limit airborne exposures or to use a respirator for additional protection. 

The requirement for a written medical report ensures that the employee receives a record of all findings. Employees will also be able to provide the written medical report to future health care providers.
The preparation of the report is accounted for under Item 12, cost to the employer for an employee's medical examination.
§ 1910.1024(k)(6) -- Medical Surveillance -- Licensed Physician's Written Medical Opinion for the Employer.
(i) The employer must obtain a written medical opinion from the licensed physician within 45 days of the medical examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard). The written medical opinion must contain only the following: 
      (A) The date of the examination; 
      (B) A statement that the examination has met the requirements of this standard; 
      (C) Any recommended limitations on the employee's use of respirators, protective clothing, or equipment; and
      (D) A statement that the PLHCP has explained the results of the medical examination to the employee, including any tests conducted, any medical conditions related to airborne exposure that require further evaluation or treatment, and any special provisions for use of personal protective clothing or equipment; 

(ii) If the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain any recommended limitations on the employee's airborne exposure to beryllium.

(iii) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD or if the licensed physician otherwise deems it appropriate, and the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain a referral for an evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center.

(iv) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD and the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain a recommendation for continued periodic medical surveillance.

(v) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD and the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain a recommendation for medical removal from airborne exposure to beryllium, as described in paragraph (l) of this standard.

(vi) The employer must ensure that each employee receives a copy of the written medical opinion described in paragraph (k)(6) of this standard within 45 days of any medical examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard) performed for that employee. 

Purpose: The written medical opinion in the general industry standard contains information that allows employers to protect employee health, such as recommended limitations on the employee's use of respirators, while at the same time protecting employee privacy as much as possible by allowing certain information to be included only with the employee's written authorization. The date of the examination and a statement about the examination meeting the requirements of this standard are also included to provide the employer with evidence that compliance with the medical surveillance requirements are current.
The employer must obtain the written opinion within 45 days of the examination. OSHA believes this requirement will provide the licensed physician sufficient time to receive and consider the results of any tests included in the examination, including a follow-up BeLPT, and allow the employer to take any necessary protective measures in a timely manner. The requirement that the opinion be in written form ensures that employers and workers have the benefit of this information. The standard requires the employer to ensure that the worker gets a copy of the licensed physician's written medical opinion within 45 days of the medical examination. This will allow workers to present it as proof of a current medical examination to future employers. 
§ 1910.1024(k)(7) -- Medical Surveillance -- Referral to the CBD Diagnostic Center.
(7) CBD diagnostic center. 

(i) The employer must provide an evaluation at no cost to the employee at a CBD diagnostic center that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee.  The evaluation at the CBD diagnostic center must be scheduled within 30 days, and must occur within a reasonable time, of:
      (A) The employer's receipt of a physician's written medical opinion to the employer that recommends referral to a CBD diagnostic center; or
      (B) The employee presenting to the employer a physician's written medical report indicating that the employee has been confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD, or recommending referral to a CBD diagnostic center.
       
(ii) The evaluation must include any tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician at the CBD diagnostic center, such as pulmonary function testing (as outlined by the American Thoracic Society criteria), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsy. If any of the tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician are not available at the CBD diagnostic center, they may be performed at another location that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee.

(iii) The employer must ensure that the employee receives a written medical report from the CBD diagnostic center that contains all the information required in paragraph (k)(5)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of this standard and that the PLHCP explains the results of the examination to the employee within 30 days of the examination.
(iv) The employer must obtain a written medical opinion from the CBD diagnostic center within 30 days of the medical examination. The written medical opinion must contain only the information in paragraph (k)(6)(i), as applicable, unless the employee provides written authorization to release additional information. If the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain the information from paragraphs (k)(6)(ii), (iv), and (v), if applicable.
(v) The employer must ensure that each employee receives a copy of the written medical opinion from the CBD diagnostic center described in paragraph (k)(7) of this standard within 30 days of any medical examination performed for that employee.
(vi) After an employee has received the initial clinical evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center described in paragraphs (k)(7)(i) and (ii) of this standard, the employee may choose to have any subsequent medical examinations for which the employee is eligible under paragraph (k) of this standard performed at a CBD diagnostic center mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee, and the employer must provide such examinations at no cost to the employee.

Purpose: The referral to the CBD diagnostic center for additional medical examination serves to identify workers who have beryllium-related medical disorders or other health problems that could be exacerbated by additional beryllium exposure.  
Evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center allows employees who are confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD to receive specialized evaluation to determine the appropriate tests to monitor for possible progression from sensitization to CBD and to monitor the progression of CBD if it does occur. The requirements in (k)(7)(iii), (iv), and (v) regarding the written medical report and written medical opinion serve the purposes described above in the discussions of (k)(5) and (k)(6). The referral will also help to determine if that employee will be able to work in the job involving beryllium exposure without increased risk of adverse health effects.
The requirement is consistent with Section 6(b)(7) of the OSH Act (29 U.S.C. 655(b)(7)), which requires that, when appropriate, OSHA include medical surveillance programs in its standards to determine whether exposure to the hazard addressed by the standard adversely affects the health of workers.
OSHA notes that this paragraph has been revised from the 2017 standard for general industry. In the final rule, OSHA amended paragraph (k)(7) in three ways. First, OSHA revised paragraph (k)(7)(i) to require that the evaluation must be scheduled within 30 days, and must occur within a reasonable time, of the employer receiving one of the types of documentation listed in paragraph (k)(7)(i)(A) or (B). Previously, the standard required employers to provide the examination within 30 days of the employer receiving one of the types of documentation listed in paragraph (k)(7)(i)(A) or (B). Second, OSHA added a provision, in paragraph (k)(7)(ii), which specifies that the employer must ensure that, as part of the evaluation, the employee is offered any tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician at the CBD diagnostic center, such as pulmonary function testing (as outlined by the American Thoracic Society criteria), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsy. The new provision also states that if any of the tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician are not available at the CBD diagnostic center, they may be performed at another location that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee. Third, OSHA made minor, non-substantive numbering and reference edits to other provisions in paragraph (k)(7) to account for the addition of new paragraph (k)(7)(ii). Specifically, OSHA renumbered current paragraphs (k)(7)(ii), (iii), (iv), and (v) as (k)(7)(iii), (iv), (v), and (vi), and added a reference to new paragraph (k)(7)(ii) to the newly renumbered paragraph (k)(7)(vi).
§ 1910.1024(l)(1) & (l)(2) -- Medical Removal. 
(1) An employee is eligible for medical removal, if the employee works in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level and either:
           
 (i) The employee provides the employer with:
      (A) A written medical report indicating a confirmed positive finding or CBD diagnosis; or
      (B) A written medical report recommending removal from airborne exposure to beryllium in accordance with paragraph (k)(5)(v) or (k)(7)(iii) of this standard; or
      
(ii) The employer receives a written medical opinion recommending removal from airborne exposure to beryllium in accordance with paragraph (k)(6)(v) or (k)(7)(iv) of this standard.
(2) If an employee is eligible for medical removal, the employer must provide the employee with the employee's choice of: 
(i) Removal as described in paragraph (l)(3) of this standard; or
(ii) Remaining in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level, provided that the employer provides, and ensures that the employee uses, respiratory protection that complies with paragraph (g) of this standard whenever airborne exposures are at or above the action level.
Purpose: Medical removal, generally, serves three main purposes. First, it increases employee participation and confidence in the standard's medical surveillance program. Second, by requiring the employer to remove employees with the highest risk of suffering material impairment of health (if the employee chooses removal), medical removal may benefit sensitized employees and those with CBD. Finally, medical removal may provide employers with an additional incentive to keep employee exposures low. 

The purpose of the provisions in paragraphs (l)(1) and (l)(2) is to provide an option for medical removal of workers in jobs with airborne exposure to beryllium at or above the action level and who are diagnosed with CBD, confirmed positive, or otherwise recommended for removal by a physician in accordance with paragraph (k)(5)(v), (k)(6)(v), (k)(7)(iii), or (k)(7)(iv) of this standard.  By making employees eligible for removal when a written medical report indicates a confirmed positive finding or CBD diagnosis or recommends removal from airborne exposure to beryllium based on a CBD diagnosis or a confirmed positive finding, the standard offers protection to employees who could benefit from such removal. The same protection is offered to employees for whom the written medical opinion contains, with their authorization, a recommendation for medical removal in accordance with paragraph (k)(6)(v) or (k)(7)(iv). The medical removal provision is structured to allow the employee to retain discretion over whether the employer is informed of the employee's illness or diagnosis, so the purpose of the requirement for the employer's receipt of documentation is to trigger the removal requirements while ensuring the employer has notice and maintaining the employee's privacy.

§ 1910.1024(m)(1) -- Communication of Hazards.
(1) General. 

(i) Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and employers must comply with all requirements of the HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200) for beryllium.
      *****
(iii) Employers must include beryllium in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS. Employers must ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of beryllium and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of the HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200) and paragraph (m)(4) of this standard.

Purpose:  The purpose of ensuring that each employee has training and access to labels and safety data sheets is to enable workers to take the precautions necessary to implement special practices to prevent or reduce beryllium exposure. Requirements that employers provide training to workers, both in paragraph (m)(1)(iii) and elsewhere, such as in paragraph (m)(3), are not collections of information.

§ 1910.1024(m)(2)  -  Warning Signs

(2) Warning signs. 

(i) Posting. The employer must provide and display warning signs at each approach to a regulated area so that each employee is able to read and understand the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area.

(ii) Sign specification.

      (A) The employer must ensure that the warning signs required by paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this standard are legible and readily visible. 
      
      (B) The employer must ensure each warning sign required by paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this standard bears the following legend:
      
                                                                     DANGER
                                                           REGULATED AREA
                                                                  BERYLLIUM  
                               MAY CAUSE CANCER
                            CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS
                                             AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
WEAR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT IN THIS AREA
Purpose: Posting warning signs informs workers that they are entering a regulated area, and that they must have proper authorization before entering such an area. Warning signs allow workers and others to take the precautions necessary to avoid harmful beryllium exposures.  

Under PRA, information originally supplied by the Federal government to the recipient for the purpose of disclosure of information originally supplied by the Federal government to the employer for the purpose of disclosure to the public is not considered to be a collection of information (5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2)). The agency has determined that the warning signs required by paragraph (m)(2) is not a collection of information.  Therefore, OSHA is taking no burden hours or cost for this requirement.   
  
§ 1910.1024(m)(3)  -  Warning labels

(3) Warning labels. Consistent with the HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200), the employer must label each immediate container of clothing, equipment, and materials contaminated with beryllium, and must, at a minimum, include the following on the label: 

                                    DANGER
                                                      CONTAINS BERYLLIUM  
                               MAY CAUSE CANCER
                            CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS
                              AVOID CREATING DUST
                              DO NOT GET ON SKIN
Purpose: Warning labels inform workers and downstream employers of the hazards associated with beryllium, and that they may need to implement special practices to prevent or reduce beryllium exposure. Furthermore, the labels alert downstream employers that they may have an obligation to protect their workers under the standard. 

OSHA notes that this provision has been revised in this final rule. Paragraph (m)(3) of the 2017 general industry standard required employers to label "each bag and container" of clothing, equipment, and materials contaminated with beryllium. In the 2018 NPRM, OSHA proposed to replace the phrase "each bag and container" with the phrase "each immediate container," to clarify that the employer need only label the immediate bag or container of beryllium-contaminated items and not larger containers holding the labeled bag or container." OSHA is finalizing this revision as proposed.

Under PRA, information originally supplied by the Federal government to the employer for the purpose of disclosure to the public is not considered to be a collection of information (5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2)). The agency has determined that the warning labels required by paragraph (m)(3) is not a collection of information. Therefore, OSHA is taking no burden hours or cost for this requirement.

§ 1910.1024(m)(4)(iv)  -  Employee Information

(iv) Employee Information. The employer must make a copy of this standard and its appendices readily available at no cost to each employee and designated employee representative(s).

Purpose: The purpose of the requirement to make a copy of the standard available to employees is to ensure that employees are aware of their employer's obligations under the standard and to assist employees in recognizing, and protecting against, the hazards of beryllium. OSHA considers the requirement to make a copy of the standard and its appendices available to workers to be a public disclosure of information originally supplied by the Federal government to the employer for the purpose of disclosure to the public, and thus not a collection of information pursuant to 5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2). Therefore, OSHA is taking no burden hours or cost for this requirement.   

§ 1910.1024(n) -- Recordkeeping. 
 
§ 1910.1024(n)(1)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Recordkeeping -- Air Monitoring Data.

(i) The employer must make and maintain a record of all exposure measurements taken to assess airborne exposure as prescribed in paragraph (d) of this standard.
(ii) This record must include at least the following information:
(A)  The date of measurement for each sample taken;           
(B)  The task that is being monitored;
(C)  The sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their accuracy;
(D)  The number, duration, and results of samples taken;      
(E)  The type of personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators, worn by monitored employees at the time of monitoring; and
(F)  The name and job classification of each employee represented by the monitoring, indicating which employees were actually monitored. 
(iii) The employer must ensure that exposure records are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).
Purpose: OSHA believes that exposure records are necessary and appropriate for protection of worker health, enforcement of the standards, and development of information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational illnesses. Also, the agency and others can use the records to identify illnesses and deaths that may be attributable to beryllium exposure, evaluate compliance programs, and assess the efficacy of the standards. Establishing and maintaining records of air-monitoring data permit employers, workers, OSHA, and other interested parties (i.e., industry trade associations and worker unions or comparable organizations) to identify the levels, durations, and extent of occupational hazards related to beryllium exposure. The records will allow interested parties to determine if existing controls are protecting workers or whether additional controls are necessary to provide the required protection. These records also allow OSHA to ascertain whether employers are complying with the standards, thereby ensuring that workers are receiving adequate protection from occupational exposure to beryllium and beryllium compounds.

OSHA notes that this paragraph has been revised from the 2017 standard for general industry, which previously required employers' air monitoring data ((n)(1)(ii)(F)), medical surveillance ((n)(3)(ii)(A)), and training ((n)(4)(i)) records to include employee Social Security Numbers (SSNs). In the 2018 NPRM, OSHA proposed to modify paragraph (n) to remove that requirement. This final rule removes that requirement, but allows employers the option to still use SSNs or to use some other alternative employee identifier system. 

§ 1910.1024(n)(2)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Recordkeeping -- Objective Data.

(i) Where an employer uses objective data to satisfy the exposure assessment requirements under paragraph (d)(2) of this standard, the employer must make and maintain a record of the objective data relied upon. 
(ii) This record must include at least the following information:
(A)  The data relied upon;
(B)  The beryllium-containing material in question;
(C)  The source of the objective data;
(D)  A description of the process, task, or activity on which the objective data were based; and     
(E)  Other data relevant to the process, task, activity, material, or airborne exposure on which the objective data were based.
(iii) The employer must ensure that objective data are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).
Purpose: The records of objective data required under paragraph (n)(2) are necessary and appropriate for protection of worker health, enforcement of the standard, and development of information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational illnesses. The agency  and others can use the records to identify illnesses and deaths that may be attributable to beryllium exposure, evaluate compliance programs, and assess the efficacy of the standard.  Establishing and maintaining records of air-monitoring data permit employers, workers, OSHA, and other interested parties (i.e., industry trade associations and worker unions, or comparable organizations) to identify the levels, durations, and extent of beryllium exposure, determine if existing controls are protecting workers or whether additional controls are necessary to provide the required protection, and assess the relationship between beryllium exposure and the subsequent development of diseases. These records also allow OSHA to ascertain whether employers are complying with the standard, thereby ensuring that workers are receiving adequate protection from beryllium exposure. 
There is no burden taken for the items in paragraph (n)(2) because OSHA assumes any burden for the purposes of this Supporting Statement is incurred under the scheduled monitoring option.
§ 1910.1024(n)(3) (i), (ii), & (iii)  -  Recordkeeping -- Medical Surveillance.

(i) The employer must make and maintain a record for each employee covered by medical surveillance under paragraph (k) of this standard.
(ii) The record must include the following information about the employee:
(A)  Name and job classification;
(B)  A copy of all licensed physicians' written medical opinions for each employee; and
(C)  A copy of the information provided to the PLHCP as required by paragraph (k) (4) of this standard.
(iii) The employer must ensure that medical records are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).
Purpose: These medical surveillance records, like exposure records, are necessary and appropriate for protection of worker health, enforcement of the standard, and development of information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational illnesses. Worker access to medical surveillance records helps protect workers because such records contribute to the evaluation of workers' health and enable workers and their healthcare providers to make informed health care decisions.  Furthermore, the employer can evaluate medical-surveillance data they receive for indications that workplace conditions are associated with increased risk of beryllium-related illnesses, and take appropriate corrective actions. Finally, the agency and others can use medical surveillance records to identify illnesses and deaths that may be attributable to respirable beryllium exposure, evaluate compliance programs, and assess the efficacy of the standard.
In the final rule, OSHA's deletion of the requirement, in paragraph (n)(3)(ii)(A), to remove the requirement for employees' SSNs in their medical surveillance records does not change costs or burden hours.
§ 1910.1024(n)(4)(i) & (ii) -- Recordkeeping -- Training.

(4) Training. 

(i) At the completion of any training required by this standard, the employer must prepare a record that indicates the name and job classification of each employee trained, the date the training was completed, and the topic of the training. 

(ii) This record must be maintained for three years after the completion of training.

Purpose: The creation and maintenance of the training records will permit both OSHA and employers to ensure that required training has occurred on schedule.
In the final rule, OSHA's deletion of the requirement, in paragraph (n)(4)(i), to remove the requirement for employees' SSNs in their training records does not change costs or burden hours. 
§ 1910.1024(n)(5) -- Recordkeeping -- Employee Access to Records. 

(5) Access to records. Upon request, the employer must make all records maintained as a requirement of this standard available for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, each employee, and each employee's designated representative(s) in accordance the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).

Purpose: OSHA is requiring access to the records to ensure enforcement of the standard and to assist employees and their representatives in the development of information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational illnesses.   
§ 1910.1024(n)(6) -- Recordkeeping -- Transfer of Records. 

(6) Transfer of records. The employer must comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).

Paragraph (h) of § 1910.1020 requires employers who cease to do business to transfer medical and exposure-monitoring records to the successor employer, who then must receive and maintain the records.  If no successor employer is available, the employer must, at least three months before ceasing business, notify current workers who have records of their right to access these records.

Purpose: OSHA considers the employer's transfer of records to a successor employer to be usual and customary communications during the transition from one employer to a successor employer, and is not taking any burden or cost for this provision in Item 12.  In this regard, the employer would communicate the location of all records, including employee exposure-monitoring and medical records, at the facility to the successor employer during the transfer of business operations, as a matter of usual and customary business practice.  

 Describe whether, and to what extent, the collection of information involves the use of automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses, and the basis for the decision for adopting this means of collection.  Also, describe any consideration of using information technology to reduce the burden.
Employers may use improved information technology when establishing and maintaining the required records. The agency wrote the paperwork requirements of the standard in performance-oriented language, i.e., in terms of what data to collect, not how to record the data. 
 Describe efforts to identify duplication.  Show specifically why any similar information already available cannot be used or modified for use of the purposes described in Item 2 above.
The information collection requirements of the beryllium general industry standard are specific to each employer and worker involved, and no other source or agency duplicates these requirements or can make the required information available to the agency (i.e., the required information is available only from employers). 
 If the collection of information impacts small businesses or other small entities, describe any methods used to minimize burden.
The information collection requirements of the standard do not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
 Describe the consequences to Federal program or policy activities if the collection is not conducted or is conducted less frequently, as well as any technical or legal obstacles to reducing burden.
The information collection frequencies specified by the general industry standard are the minimum frequencies that the agency believes are necessary to ensure that employers and OSHA can effectively monitor the exposure and health status of workers, thereby preventing serious illness or death resulting from hazardous exposure to beryllium. 
 Explain any special circumstances that would cause an information collection to be conducted in a manner:
  ·  Requiring respondents to report information to the agency more often than quarterly;

  ·  Requiring respondents to prepare a written response to a collection of information in fewer than 30 days after receipt of it;

  ·  Requiring respondents to submit more than an original and two copies of any
     document;

  ·  Requiring respondents to retain records, other than health, medical, government contract, grant-in-aid, or tax records, for more than three years;

  ·  In connection with a statistical survey, that is not designed to produce valid and reliable results that can be generalized to the universe of study;
      
  ·  Requiring the use of a statistical data classification that has not been approved by OMB;
  
  ·  That includes a pledge of confidentiality that is not supported by authority established in statute or regulation, that is not supported by disclosure and data security policies that are consistent with the pledge, or which unnecessarily impedes sharing of data with other agencies for compatible confidential use; or

  ·  Requiring respondents to submit proprietary trade secret, or other confidential information unless the agency can demonstrate that it has instituted procedures to protect the information's confidentiality to the extent permitted by law.
  
 Under paragraph (d)(6) of the general industry standard, employers must inform workers, in writing or by posting, of the exposure-assessment results no later than 15 working days after obtaining the results.  If these results indicate that a worker's exposures are above the PEL, the notification must state what corrective actions the employer is taking to reduce the worker's exposure to or below the PEL.   
The standard also requires that exposure records, paragraph (n)(1)(iii), objective data, paragraph (n)(2)(iii), and medical records, paragraph (n)(3)(iii), be maintained pursuant to OSHA's Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020).  Under the records access standard, 29 CFR 1910.1020(d)(1)(i), the medical records for each employee must be preserved and maintained for at least the duration of employment plus 30 years, with certain exceptions (see 29 CFR 1910.1020(d)(1)(i)(A)-(C)).  Similarly, under 29 CFR 1910.1020(d)(1)(ii) and (iii), employee exposure records, as well as analyses using exposure or medical records, must be preserved and maintained for 30 years.
 If applicable, provide a copy and identify the data and page number of publication in the Federal Register of the agency's notice, required by 5 CFR 1320.8(d), soliciting comments on the information collection prior to submission to OMB.  Summarize public comments received in response to that notice and describe actions taken by the agency in response to these comments.  Specifically address comments received on cost and hour burden.
Describe efforts to consult with persons outside the agency to obtain their views on the availability of data, frequency of collection, the clarity of instructions and recordkeeping, disclosure, or reporting format (if any), and on the data elements to be recorded, disclosed, or reported.

Consultation with representatives of those from whom information is to be obtained or those who must compile records should occur at least once every three years -- even if the collection of information activity is the same as in prior periods.  There may be circumstances that may preclude consultation in a specific situation.  These circumstances should be explained.

On January 9, 2017, OSHA published a final rule establishing new permissible exposure limits and other provisions to protect employees from beryllium exposure, such as requirements for exposure assessment, respiratory protection, personal protective clothing and equipment, housekeeping, medical surveillance, hazard communication, and recordkeeping for the general industry, construction, and shipyard sectors. OMB approved the collection of information contained in the final rule under OMB Control Number 1218-0267. 

On August 31, 2020, OSHA published a final rule (85 FR 53910) titled, Occupational Exposure to Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds in Construction and Shipyard Sectors, to modify its existing standards for beryllium exposure in construction and shipyards. During that rulemaking, OSHA developed two Information Collection Requests (ICR) for the rule one for the construction industry and one for the shipyard sectors. The agency is removing those collections of information from this ICR since the collections for construction and shipyard sectors are found under OMB Control Numbers 1218-0275 and 1218-0272. This notice will modify this ICR to only include the beryllium standards for general industry.

As required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA-95) (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)), OSHA published a notice in the Federal Register on July 26, 2021 (86 FR 40083) requesting public comments on its proposed extension of the information collection requirements specified by the standard on the Occupational Exposure to Beryllium in General Industry (29 CFR part 1910.1024).  This notice was part of a preclearance consultation program intended to provide those interested parties the opportunity to comment on OSHA's request for an extension and revision by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) of a previous approval of the information collection requirements found in the above standard. The agency did not receive any comments in response to this notice. 

 Explain any decision to provide any payment or gift to respondents, other than remuneration of contractors or grantees.
The agency will not provide payments or gifts to the respondents.  
 Describe any assurance of confidentiality provided to respondents and the basis for the assurance in statute, regulation, or agency policy.
To ensure that the personal information contained in medical records required by the final standard remains confidential, the agency developed and implemented 29 CFR 1913.10 ("Rules of Agency Practice and Procedure Concerning OSHA Access to Employee Medical Records") to regulate access to these records. 
 Provide additional justification for any questions of a sensitive nature, such as sexual behavior and attitudes, religious beliefs, and other matters that are commonly considered private.  This justification should include the reasons why the agency considers the questions necessary, the specific uses to be made of the information, the explanation to be given to persons from whom the information is requested, and any steps to be taken to obtain their consent.
Questions of a sensitive nature may be included in medical questions posed by the PLHCP to properly diagnose the patient and make appropriate recommendations regarding further testing and the employee's occupational exposure to beryllium.
 Provide estimates of the hour burden of the collection of information.  The statement should:
    Indicate the number of respondents, frequency of response, annual hour burden, and an explanation of how the burden was estimated.  Unless directed to do so, agencies should not conduct special surveys to obtain information on which to base hour burden estimates.  Consultation with a sample (fewer than 10) of potential respondents is desirable.  If the hour burden on respondents is expected to vary widely because of differences in activity, size, or complexity, show the range of estimated hour burden, and explain the reasons for the variance.  Generally, estimates should not include burden hours for customary and usual business practices.

  · If this request for approval covers more than one form, provide separate hour burden estimates for each form and aggregate the hour burdens.

  · Provide estimates of annualized costs to respondents for the hour burdens for collections of information, identifying and using appropriate wage rate categories.

Respondent Burden-Hour and Cost Burden Determinations
The burden hours and cost determinations are based on OSHA's Final Economic Analysis (FEA) for the rulemaking, Occupational Exposure to Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds in General Industry, and the FEA for the 2017 final rule, where applicable. The 2017 FEA can be found on regulations.gov at docket ID OSHA-H005C-2006-0870-2042. This Supporting Statement provides a summary of the determinations made by the agency for the burden hours, burden-hour cost, and capital (operation and maintenance) costs under Items 12 and 13. The non-compliance rates and some assumptions are based on the Supporting Statement for the Information Collection Requirements in the Final Beryllium Standard for General Industry (29 CFR 1910.1024), Construction (29 CFR 1926.1124), and Maritime (29 CFR 1915.1024), published January 9, 2017.

In the general industry sector, the agency estimates there are a total of 50,261 employees affected in 4,538 establishments.  
For the sole purpose of calculating burden hours and costs under the Paperwork Reduction Act, this supporting statement has rounded certain numbers up to obtain the totals stated in the supporting statement equations.  Such presentation makes it easier for the public to read and validate the supporting statement's burden hour and cost estimates.  
Wage Rates

The agency obtained the wage rates from the May 2018 Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS, 2019a), released in March of 2019, utilizing the median wage for the appropriate occupation and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).  The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code has been provided for each occupational title.  For purposes of this supporting statement, the Manufacturing Industry was used as the reference industry (NAICS sectors 31, 32, 33).  OSHA applied a fringe benefit of 31.8 percent to the base wages.  Loaded hourly wages by application group and SOC are shown below.
Table A summarizes how the wage rate estimates were derived for the information collection requirements specified by the standard.
				Table A  -  Estimated Wage Rates

Occupation
SOC
Median Hourly Rate
Fringe Benefit
Loaded Hourly Wage 
Supervisor/professional
51-1011
$29.59
31.8% (1.4663)
$43.39
Production Worker
51-0000
$17.37
31.8% (1.4663) 
$25.47
Clerical Worker
43-4071
$16.85
31.8% (1.4663)
$24.71
Human Resources (HR) Manager
11-3121
$53.38
31.8% (1.4663)
$78.27
             
 

                     
    Exposure Assessment
Paragraph (d) sets forth requirements for assessing employee exposures to beryllium.  Paragraph (d)(1) requires employers to choose either the performance option in paragraph (d)(2) or the scheduled monitoring option in paragraph (d)(3). The collections of information and associated burden are therefore accounted for in paragraph (d)(2) and (d)(3).
§ 1910.1024(d)(2) -- Performance Option. 

When the employer elects the performance option, the employer must assess the 8-hour TWA exposure and the 15-minute short-term exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data and objective data sufficient to accurately characterize airborne exposure to beryllium. Employers do not have to conduct initial exposure monitoring if they relied on any combination of air monitoring and objective data. 
OSHA has not taken any separate burden associated with the performance option, assuming for the purposes of this analysis that all employers would elect the more burdensome scheduled monitoring system. OSHA recognizes that the performance option is less burdensome and thus the agency may have overestimated the burden hours for the monitoring option under this approach. 

§ 1910.1024(d)(3)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Scheduled Monitoring Option.  

1. Initial Monitoring

Paragraph (d)(3)(i) requires the employer to perform initial monitoring to assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of one or more personal breathing zone air samples that reflect the airborne exposure of employees on each shift, for each job classification, and in each work area. 

Paragraph (d)(3)(ii) requires the employer to perform initial monitoring to assess the short-term exposure from 15-minute personal breathing zone air samples measured in operations that are likely to produce airborne exposure above the STEL for each work shift, for each job classification, and in each work area. Paragraph (d)(3)(iii) allows the employer to sample a representative fraction of these employees in order to meet the requirements of paragraph (d)(3) of this standard where several employees perform the same tasks on the same shift and in the same work area. And paragraph (d)(3)(iv) allows the employer to discontinue monitoring for those employees whose airborne exposure is represented by such monitoring if initial monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is below the action level and at or below the STEL.

As noted above in Item 12 of this Supporting Statement, the total number of workers affected is 50,261.  Of these affected workers, there are 6,804 dental laboratory workers who will not be sampled because laboratories will substitute a different material in lieu of continuing to work with beryllium. Excluding these dental laboratory workers, the number of affected workers for initial monitoring is 43,457. Note: 50,261  -  6,804 dental labs workers = 43,457.  The number of workers that will be directly subjected to initial monitoring (10,864) is the number of affected workers in each NAICS, divided by 4 because there are 4 workers represented by each sample [43,457/4=10,864]. Each sampled production worker will incur 30 minutes (0.5 hours) of lost work time during air monitoring, at an hourly wage rate of $25.47. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 94 percent. The burden hours and cost associated with these provisions are: 
Burden hours:  10,864 (samples) x 0.94 (non-compliance rate)  0.5 (hours of Production Worker time) = 5,106 hours
One-Time Cost:  5,106 (hours)  $25.47 (Production Worker wage) = $130,050
 2.  Periodic Exposure Monitoring
§ 1910.1024(d)(3)(v), (vi), (vii), & (viii) -- Scheduled Monitoring Option.  

Paragraph (d)(3)(v) requires the employer to repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is at or above the action level but at or below the TWA PEL. Paragraph (d)(3)(vi) requires the employer to repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent 8-hour TWA exposure monitoring where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is above the TWA PEL. Paragraph (d)(3)(vii) requires that the employer must repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken seven or more days apart, are below the action level, at which time the employer may discontinue 8-hour TWA exposure monitoring for those employees whose exposure is represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this standard where the most recent (non-initial) exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is below the action level. And, paragraph (d)(3)(viii) requires that the employer must repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent short-term exposure monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken seven or more days apart, are below the STEL, at which time the employer may discontinue short-term exposure monitoring for those employees whose exposure is represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this standard where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is above the STEL.

All Industries Between AL and PEL: 

The existing ICR estimates there are 20,732 at-risk workers above the action level and below the PEL. The 5,877 workers in dental labs currently above the action level and below the PEL are excluded because they are expected to stop working with beryllium (see the FEA for the 2017 Final Rule, Chapter V, p. V-127, available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=OSHA-H005C-2006-0870-2042). The remaining workers are 5,744 abrasive blasters in shipyards, 11 shipyard sector welding workers, and 9,101 general industry workers. 
 
All Industries Above the PEL:

The existing ICR estimates there are 1,056 workers above the PEL. The 434 workers in dental labs with exposures above the PEL are excluded because they are expected to stop working with beryllium (see the FEA for the 2017 Final Rule, Chapter V, p. V-127, available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=OSHA-H005C-2006-0870-2042). The remaining workers are 217 abrasive blasters and 405 general industry workers above the PEL. 

General Industry Workers 

Workers between AL and PEL:

For periodic monitoring, OSHA calculated the number of monitoring samples being taken for general industry workers (excluding dental laboratory workers) by dividing the number of workers (9,101) by four workers represented per sample, then multiplying the samples by two per year for 4,550 samples. (9,101 workers/4 x 2 samples per year = 4,550 samples)

Above the PEL:

OSHA calculated the number of monitoring samples for the 405 general industry workers above the PEL (excluding dental laboratory workers) by dividing the number of 405 workers by four workers per sample, then multiplying by four times per year to equal 405 samples.
(405/4 x 4 samples per year = 405)

Summary

Therefore, the agency estimates that there will be a total of 4,955 samples per year taken in general industry. This total includes workers between the AL (0.1 μg/m³) and PEL (0.2 μg/m³) that are sampled twice per year, and those workers over the PEL that are sampled four times per year (4,550 samples + 405 samples = 4,955 samples).

OSHA estimates that each employer will conduct periodic exposure monitoring (once every six months when initial or subsequent exposure monitoring reveals that worker exposures are at or above the action level, but at or below the PEL; and above the PEL). Each periodic exposure monitoring sample (4,955 samples) will result in 30 minutes (0.5 hours) of lost work time during air monitoring. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 92 percent. The burden hours and cost associated with these provisions are:
Burden hours: 4,955 (samples)  0.92 (non-compliance rate)  0.5 (hours of Production Worker time) = 2,279 hours
Annual Cost:  2,279 (hours)  $25.47 (Production Worker wage) = $58,046
 3.  Additional Exposure Monitoring 
§ 1910.1024(d)(4) -- Reassessment of Exposure.  
The employer must reassess airborne exposure whenever a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL, or when the employer has any reason to believe that new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL has occurred.

Of the number of at-risk workers subject to initial monitoring, 10,864 workers (see previous paragraph, Initial Monitoring), OSHA estimates 10 percent (1,086) will require additional monitoring resulting from changes in the production process, materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or control methods. Each worker will incur 30 minutes (0.5 hours) of lost work time during air monitoring.  Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 94 percent. The burden hours and cost associated with these provisions are:

      Burden hours:  1,086 (workers sampled) x 1 (assessment per year) x 0.94 (non-compliance rate) x 0.5 (hours of Production Worker time) = 510 hours
            Cost: 510 (hours) x $25.47 (Production Worker wage) = $12,990
4.  Employee Notification 
§ 1910.1024(d)(6)(i) & (ii) -- Employee Notification of Assessment Results.

Paragraph (d)(6)(i) requires employers, within 15 working days after completing an exposure assessment in accordance with paragraph (d) of this standard, to notify each employee whose airborne exposure is represented by the assessment of the results of that assessment individually in writing or by posting  the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to each of these employees.

Whenever an exposure assessment indicates that airborne exposure is above the TWA PEL or STEL, paragraph(d)(6)(ii) requires the employer to describe in the written notification the corrective action being taken to reduce airborne exposure to or below the exposure limit(s) exceeded where feasible corrective action exists but had not been implemented when the monitoring was conducted.

These burden hours are included in the Human Resources Manager time under Item 12 C.1 Recordkeeping § 1910.1024(n)(1). As a result, employee notification does not appear as a separate entry on Table B. Summary of Burden Hours, Burden-Hour Cost and Capital Cost Under Item 12 of this Supporting Statement
      
    Written Exposure Control Plan, Respiratory Protection, Medical Surveillance, and Medical Removal
§ 1910.1024(f)(1)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Methods of Compliance -- Written Exposure Control Plan.

Paragraph (f)(1) requires the employer to establish, implement, and maintain a written exposure control plan for beryllium work areas. The employer is required to review and evaluate the effectiveness of each written exposure control plan at least annually and update it as necessary. Also, the employer is required to make a copy of the written exposure control plan and make it accessible to each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium. 

There are 3,077 affected establishments for general industry. 
 Developing and Implementing a Written Exposure Control Plan
 Baseline Per-Establishment Costs to Develop Plan:
OSHA estimates that 3,077 establishments in general industry are potentially at risk from exposure to beryllium. The agency estimates a Human Resource Manager, earning an hourly wage of $78.27, spends eight hours per establishment to develop a written exposure control plan. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 87 percent. 
Burden hours:  3,077 (written plans)  0.87 (non-compliance rate)  8 (hours of HR Manager time) = 21,416 hours
One-Time Cost:  21,416 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $1,676,230
Additional Costs based on Size of Establishment to Implement Plan:

The cost to implement a written exposure control plan will also vary with the number of employees, with larger establishments having higher costs than smaller establishments. Therefore OSHA has added additional burden and cost on a per-employee basis. OSHA estimates that there are a total of 43,457 general industry workers at risk with a non-compliance rate of 72 percent. Managers are estimated to need 0.5 hours per employee to write the plan.
Burden hours:  43,457 (employees)  0.72 (non-compliance rate)  0.5 (hours of HR Manager time) = 15,645 hours
One time Cost:  15,645 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $1,224,534
 Maintaining and Updating a Written Exposure Control Plan
The employer must maintain and update the exposure control plan when: any change in production processes, materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or control methods results or can reasonably be expected to result in new or additional exposures to beryllium; an employee is confirmed positive, is diagnosed with CBD, or shows signs or symptoms associated with exposure; or the employer has any reason to believe that new or additional exposures are occurring or will occur.
Employers must make a copy of the written exposure control plan accessible to each employee who is or can reasonably be expected to be exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with OSHA's Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (Records Access) standard (29 CFR 1910.1020(e)). Burden hours and costs for employers to allow employees access to the written exposure control plan are included in this item of the supporting statement under section D, Employee Access to Exposure Monitoring and Medical Records, subsection 2, Access to Records (§ 1910.1024(n)(6)).
OSHA estimates that there are a total of 43,457 general industry employees at risk of exposures at or above the action level annually.  Managers are estimated to need 12 minutes (0.2 hours) per affected employee per quarter, or 48 minutes (4 x 12) (0.8 hours) per affected employee per year to review and update the plan. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 72 percent.
Burden hours:  43,457 (employees)  0.72 (non-compliance rate)  0.8 (hours of HR Manager time) = 25,031 hours
Annual Cost:  25,031 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $1,959,176
 Respiratory Protection (g)
§ 1910.1024(g)(2) -- Respiratory protection program.
Where this standard requires an employer to provide respiratory protection, the selection and use of such respiratory protection must be in accordance with the Respiratory Protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134).

Develop and Implement Written Respiratory Protection Program

There is a cost per establishment to set up a written respiratory protection program in accordance with the respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134). The respiratory protection standard requires written procedures for the proper selection, use, cleaning, storage, and maintenance of respirators. OSHA estimates that 465 general industry establishments are potentially at risk from exposure to beryllium that could exceed the PEL. There are 186 general industry establishments that will need to develop and implement a respirator program.  It estimates that a Human Resource Manager, earning an hourly wage of $78.27, would spend eight hours per establishment to develop and implement a written respirator program. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 65 percent. 
Burden hours:  186 (respirator program per establishment)  0.65 (non-compliance rate)  8 (hours of HR Manager time) = 967 hours
One-Time Cost:  967 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $75,687 
Updating and Maintaining:
There are 186 establishments that will need to update and maintain a respirator program. OSHA estimates that a Human Resource Manager, earning an hourly wage of $78.27, would spend two hours per establishment to maintain and update a written respirator program.  Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 65 percent. 
Burden hours: 186 (respirator program per establishment)  0.65 (non-compliance rate)  2 hours (HR Manager time) = 242 hours
Annual Cost:  242 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $18,941
 Respirator Fit Testing
In-House Fit Testing for the Employees

The employers will conduct respirator fit testing for the 433 general industry workers who will need to wear respirators. OSHA estimates that it will take 30 minutes (0.5 hours) for a worker to be fit-tested per respirator and 100 percent of the 433 workers will need to be fit tested.  
                                                                                        
Burden hours: 433 (employees)  1 (non-compliance rate)  0.5 (hours of employee time) = 217 hours
Annual Cost:  217 (hours)  $25.47 (Employee wage) = $5,527
In-House Fit Testing by Supervisors
      
The employers will conduct in-house fit testing for the 433 general industry workers who will need to wear respirators. OSHA estimates that in-house supervisors will administer the 433 fit-tests and it will take 30 minutes (0.5 hours) for a worker to be fit-tested per respirator and 100 percent of the 433 workers will need to be fit tested.  
                                                                                        
Burden hours:  433 (Supervisor)  1 (non-compliance rate)  0.5 (hours of Supervisor time) = 217 hours
Annual Cost:  217 (hours)  $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $9,416
 Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment 
§ 1910.1024(h)(3)(iii) -- Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment -- Cleaning and Replacement. 
 
Paragraph (h)(3)(iii) requires the employer to inform in writing the persons or the business entities who launder, clean, or repair the personal protective clothing or equipment required by this standard of the potentially harmful effects of airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium and that the personal protective clothing and equipment must be handled in accordance with this standard.
There are 2,558 general industry establishments potentially at risk from exposure to beryllium that will need to send out clothing and equipment for laundering, cleaning, or repair. OSHA estimates that it will take approximately 10 minutes (0.17 hours) of a clerical worker's time to inform the person or business in writing of the potentially harmful effects of the laundering, cleaning or repair of the clothing or equipment. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 15 percent. 
Burden hours: 2,558 (establishments)  0.15 (non-compliance rate)  0.17 (hours of Clerical worker time) = 65 hours
Annual Cost: 65 (hours)  $24.71 (Clerical worker's wage) = $1,606
 Medical Surveillance 
§ 1910.1024(k)(1), (2), & (3) -- Medical Surveillance. 

Paragraph (k)(1) requires the employer to make medical surveillance required by this paragraph available at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable time and place, to each employee: (A) Who is or is reasonably expected to be exposed at or above the action level for more than 30 days per year; (B) Who shows signs or symptoms of CBD or other beryllium-related health effects; (C) Who is exposed to beryllium during an emergency; or (D) Whose most recent written medical opinion required by paragraph (k)(6) or (k)(7) recommends periodic medical surveillance.

Also, the employer must ensure that all medical examinations and procedures required by this standard are performed by, or under the direction of, a licensed physician.

Paragraph (k)(2) requires the employer to provide a medical examination: (i) Within 30 days after determining that: (A) An employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A), unless the employee has received a medical examination, provided in accordance with this standard, within the last two years; or (B) An employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(B). (ii) At least every two years thereafter for each employee who continues to meet the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A), (B), or (D) of this standard. (iii) At the termination of employment for each employee who meets any of the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this standard at the time the employee's employment terminates, unless an examination has been provided in accordance with this standard during the six months prior to the date of termination. Each employee who meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C) and who has not received an examination since exposure to beryllium during the emergency must be provided an examination at the time the employee's employment terminates.  (iv) For an employee who meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C): (A) If that employee has not received a medical examination within the previous two years pursuant to paragraph (k)(1)(i), then within 30 days the employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C); or (B) If that employee has received a medical examination within the previous two years pursuant to paragraph (k)(1)(i), then at least one year but no more than two years after the employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C).
The number of workers subject to initial medical surveillance in the first year and periodic surveillance in each year includes both those who are over the AL and those showing signs and symptoms (of CBD or sensitization). 
Employers will be required to provide medical examinations for 14,598 employees. OSHA estimated the examination requires 125 minutes (or 2.08 hours) away from work for each employee each year to complete an initial medical examination. This includes time for traveling, a health history review, the physical exam, a beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT), the pulmonary function test, and employee time when the PLHCP explains the results of the medical examination to the employee. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 69 percent. The burden hours and annual cost associated with these provisions are:
Medical Exams
Initial and Periodic Exams
Burden hours:  14,598 (examinations) x 0.69 (non-compliance rate) x 2.08 (hours of Production Worker time) = 20,951 hours
Biennial Cost:   20,951 hours x $25.47 (Production worker wage) = $533,622
Note: The agency estimates that 10 percent of the standard medical examinations will lead to further tests recommended by the PLHCP and are included in the cost and time of the 14,598 employees unless otherwise provided below.  
 Referral to CBD Diagnostic Center
§ 1910.1024(k)(7) 
The employer must provide an evaluation at no cost to the employee at a CBD diagnostic center that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee. The evaluation at the CBD diagnostic center must be scheduled within 30 days, and must occur within a reasonable time, of:
(A) The employer's receipt of a physician's written medical opinion to the employer that recommends referral to a CBD diagnostic center; or
(B) The employee presenting to the employer a physician's written medical report indicating that the employee has been confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD, or recommending referral to a CBD diagnostic center.
(ii) The employer must ensure that, as part of the evaluation, the employee is offered any tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician at the CBD diagnostic center, such as pulmonary function testing (as outlined by the American Thoracic Society criteria), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsy. If any of the tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician are not available at the CBD diagnostic center, they may be performed at another location that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee.

Referral exams to the CBD Diagnostic Center -- Traveling Workers

The estimated annual number of referrals that will require traveling more than a day to the CBD diagnostic center is 690. It will take 24 hours and 15 minutes for each employee to travel by plane to and from the center and complete the medical examination.
Burden hours: 690 referrals traveling x 1 (non-compliance) x 24.25 hours = 16,733 hours
Cost: 16,733 hours x $25.47 (Production worker wage) = $426,190
Referral exams to the CBD Diagnostic Center  -  Non-Traveling Workers
The estimated annual number of referrals exams taking less than a day to travel to the CBD diagnostic center is 230. It will take 4 hours and 15 minutes for each employee to travel to and from the local center and complete the medical examination.
Burden hours: 230 referrals non travel x 1 (non-compliance) x 4.25 hours = 978 hours
Cost: 978 hours x $25.47 (Production worker wage) = $24,910
   Information Provided to the PLHCP 
§ 1910.1024(k)(4) -- Medical Surveillance -- Information Provided to the PLHCP.

(4) The employer must ensure that the examining PLHCP (and the agreed-upon CBD diagnostic center, if an evaluation is required under paragraph (k)(7) of this standard) has a copy of this standard and must provide the following information, if known:

(i) A description of the employee's former and current duties that relate to the employee's airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium;

(ii) The employee's former and current levels of airborne exposure;

(iii) A description of any personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators, used by the employee, including when and for how long the employee has used that personal protective clothing and equipment; and

(iv) Information from records of employment-related medical examinations previously provided to the employee, currently within the control of the employer, after obtaining written consent from the employee.

In the standard, the employer must ensure that the examining PLHCP (and the agreed-upon CBD diagnostic center, if an evaluation is required under paragraph (k)(7) of this standard) has a copy of this standard and shall provide the following information, if known: a description of the employee's former and current duties that relate to the employee's occupational exposure; the employee's former and current levels of occupational exposure; a description of any personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators, used by the employee, including when and for how long the employee has used that personal protective clothing and equipment; and information from records of employment-related medical examinations previously provided to the employee, currently within the control of the employer, after obtaining a medical release from the employee.
OSHA estimates that it will take 15 minutes (.25 hours) of a Supervisor's time to gather and provide the information needed for the PLHCP. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 69 percent.
Burden hours:  14,598 (employees)  0.69 (non-compliance rate)  0.25 (hours of Supervisor time) = 2,518 hours
Biennial Cost:  2,518 (hours)  $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $109,256
 Licensed Physician's Written Medical Opinion for the Employer
§ 1910.1024(k)(6) Medical Surveillance -- Licensed Physician's Written Medical Opinion for the Employer.

Paragraph (k)(6)(i) requires the employer to obtain a written medical opinion from the licensed physician within 45 days of the medical examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard). 

There are 14,598 affected employees that the employer will need to provide a copy of the licensed physician's written opinion. OSHA estimates that it will take 5 minutes (0.08 hour) of a Supervisor's time to provide a copy of the information to the employee. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 69 percent.
Supervisor:

Burden hours:  14,598 (employees)  0.69 (non-compliance rate)  0.08 (hours of Supervisor time) = 806 hours
Biennial Cost:  806 (hours)  $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $34,972 
 Medical Removal
§ 1910.1024(l)(1) & (2) -- Medical removal.

(1) An employee is eligible for medical removal, if the employee works in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level and either: 

(i) The employee provides the employer with:
      (A) A written medical report indicating a confirmed positive finding or CBD diagnosis; or 
      (B) A written medical report recommending removal from airborne exposure to beryllium in accordance with paragraph (k)(5)(v) or (k)(7)(iii) of this standard; or

(ii) The employer receives a written medical opinion recommending removal from airborne exposure to beryllium in accordance with paragraph (k)(6)(v) or (k)(7)(iv) of this standard.

(2) If an employee is eligible for medical removal, the employer must provide the employee with the employee's choice of: 

  (i) Removal as described in paragraph (l)(3) of this standard; or

 (ii) Remaining in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level, provided that the employer provides, and ensures that the employee uses, respiratory protection that complies with paragraph (g) of this standard whenever airborne exposures are at or above the action level. 

OSHA estimates that 445 employees will request medical removal because of a positive finding of CBD. OSHA also estimates that it will take five minutes (0.08 hour) of a Supervisor's time to receive and process (including conveying the two options under (l)(2)) for each medical removal request. OSHA anticipates that this will typically involve the employee authorizing that the PLHCP share a recommendation for removal with the employer. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 100 percent.

Burden hours: 445 employees x 1 (non-compliance) x 0.08 hours = 36 hours
Cost: 36 hours x $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $1,562
    Recordkeeping
 Exposure Assessment.
§ 1910.1024(n)(1)(i), (ii), & (iii) -- Recordkeeping -- Air Monitoring Data.

Under paragraph (n)(1)(i), the employer must make and maintain a record of all exposure measurements taken to assess airborne exposures as required by paragraph (d) of the standard.  Paragraph (n)(1)(ii) states the required elements of the exposure measurement records. Under paragraph (n)(1)(iii), employers must ensure that these exposure records are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). 

 Initial Exposure Monitoring (paragraph (d)(3) of § 1910.1024)
As determined under Initial Exposure Monitoring, paragraph (d)(3), the agency estimates there are 10,864 exposure monitoring records being generated for this purpose in general industry. The agency estimates that an HR manager will spend 15 minutes (0.25 hours) developing and maintaining records for employee records at a loaded hourly wage of $78.27, which includes time to notify employees of the results of the exposure monitoring (typically accomplished by posting the results). Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 94 percent. The burden hours and cost associated with these provisions are:
Burden hours:  10,864 (workers sampled)  0.94 (non-compliance rate)  0.25 (hours of HR Manager time) = 2,553 hours
One-Time Cost:  2,553 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $199,823
 Periodic Exposure Monitoring (paragraph (d)(3) of § 1910.1024)
As determined under Periodic Exposure Monitoring, paragraph (d)(3), the agency estimates there are 4,955 required periodic monitoring samples. The agency estimates that an HR manager will spend 15 minutes (0.25 hours) developing and maintaining employee monitoring records at a loaded hourly wage of $78.27, which includes time to notify employees of the results of the exposure monitoring (typically accomplished by posting the results). Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 92 percent. The burden hours and cost associated with these provisions are:
Burden hours:  4,955 (workers sampled per year)  0.92 (non-compliance rate)  0.25 (hours of HR Manager time) = 1,140 hours
Annual Cost:  1,140 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $89,228
 Additional Exposure Monitoring (paragraphs (d)(4) of § 1910.1024)
Of the number of at-risk workers subject to initial monitoring, 10,864 workers (see previous paragraph, Initial Monitoring), OSHA estimates 10 percent, 1,086 workers, will require additional monitoring resulting from changes in the production process, materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or control methods. The agency estimates that an HR manager will spend 15 minutes (0.25 hours) maintaining the relevant records at a loaded hourly wage of $78.27, which includes time to notify employees of the results of the exposure monitoring. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 94 percent. The burden hours and cost associated with these provisions are:
Burden hours:  1,086 (workers sampled per year)  0.94 (non-compliance rate)  0.25 (hours of HR Manager time) = 255 hours
Annual Cost:  255 (hours)  $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $19,959
 Medical Surveillance 
 1910.1024(n)(3) (i), (ii), & (iii)  -  Recordkeeping -- Medical Surveillance.

In the final paragraph (n)(3)(i), the employer must make and maintain a record for each employee covered by medical surveillance under paragraph (k) of this standard.
a. Human Resource manager	
A Human Resource manager would spend 15 minutes (.25 hour) to read and copy the PLHCP's opinion, provide and discuss the opinion with the employee and confirm that the employee received a medical report from the PLHCP, and discuss any necessary post-exam consultation with the employee. OSHA estimates that the number of post-exam records is 14,598 and that there are 920 referral exam records for a total of 15,518. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 71 percent.
Burden hours:  15,518 (exam records)  0.71 (non-compliance rate) x 0.25 (hours of HR Manager time) = 2,754 hours
Annual Cost:  2,754 (hours) x $78.27 (HR Manager wage) = $215,556
 b. Clerical Worker Time
Each file would require 5 minutes (0.08 hours) of a clerical worker's time to generate and maintain. OSHA estimates that the total number of medical exam records per year is 15,518. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 71 percent.
Burden hours:  15,518 (exam records)  0.71 (non-compliance rate) x 0.08 hours = 881 hours
Annual Cost:  881 hours x $24.71 (Clerical worker wage) = $21,770
 Training 
§ 1910.1024(n)(4)(i) & (ii) --  Recordkeeping -- Training.

Paragraph (n)(4)(i) requires the employer to prepare a record of the training. This record must be maintained for three years after the completion of training.
OSHA estimates that there are 43,457 employees that will require a training record to be generated and maintained. A clerical worker will take 5 minutes (0.08 hours) to prepare and maintain these records for each employee receiving training. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 66 percent.
Burden hours:  43,457 (training records)  .66 (non-compliance rate) x 0.08 (hours of Clerical worker time) = 2,295 hours
Annual Cost:  2,295 (hours) x $24.71 (Clerical worker wage) = $56,709
 Fit Testing Records
Under the respiratory protection program, the employer must keep records of all respirator fit testing for every employee affected. OSHA estimates that there are 433 employees that will be fit tested for respirators. A clerical worker will have to generate and maintain these records. OSHA estimates that it will take a clerical worker 5 minutes (0.08 hours) to prepare and maintain these records for each employee being tested. The baseline for non-compliance is estimated to be 100 percent.

Burden hours:  433 (fit testing records)  1 (non-compliance rate) x 0.08 (hours of Clerical worker time) = 35 hours
Cost:  35 (hours) x $24.71 (Clerical worker wage) = $865
    Access to Records 
 Employee Access to Written Exposure Control Plan 1910.1024(f)(iii) 
The employer must make a copy of the exposure control plan accessible to each employee who is or can reasonably be expected to be exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with OSHA's Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (Records Access) standard (29 CFR 1910.1020(e)).
OSHA estimates it takes 5 minutes (0.08 hours) of a clerical worker's time to make the exposure control plan accessible to the worker. OSHA estimates that approximately 5 percent of the 43,456 at-risk workers, or 2,173 workers, will request access to their records per year. Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 72 percent.
Burden hours:  2,173 (worker requests for medical documentation)  0.72 (non-compliance rate) x 0.08 (hours of Clerical worker time) = 125 hours
One-Time Cost:  125 (hours)  $24.71 (Clerical worker wage) = $3,089
 Employee Access to Exposure Monitoring and Medical Records 
§ 1910.1024(n)(5) -- Employee Access to Records.
Upon request, the employer must make all records maintained as a requirement of this standard available for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, each employee, and each employee's designated representative(s) in accordance the Records Access standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). Employers must maintain exposure records and make them available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
OSHA estimates that approximately 5 percent of the 43,456 at-risk workers, or 2,173 workers, will request access to their records per year. OSHA estimates that it takes 5 minutes (0.08 hours) of a Clerical worker's time to disclose these records.  Baseline non-compliance with this requirement is estimated to be 100 percent.  The annual burden hours and cost for this task are estimated to be: 
Burden hours: 2,173 (worker requests for medical documentation)  1 (non-compliance rate)  0.08 (hours of Clerical worker time) = 174 hours
Annual Cost:  174 (hours)  $24.71 (Clerical worker wage) = $4,300

E. Rule Familiarization
The agency expects that the employer will assign responsibility for investigating the details of the final rule, and for determining how to implement it, to one or more supervisors.  OSHA estimates that supervisors in small, medium, and large establishments will only require 1 hour to become familiar with this final rule, because they have already familiarized themselves with the 2017 final rule.  OSHA's estimate of familiarization costs reflects the total supervisor familiarization time (cost at a supervisory wage) for each covered employer.  The estimates of the different sizes of affected establishments and the numbers of affected establishments are identified in Tables III-13 through III-15 of the PEA for the 2017 final rule (PEA, Chapter III, pp. III-118 to III-152, available at https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=OSHA-H005C-2006-0870-0426). 

Small establishment (fewer than 20 employees)

      Burden hours:  3,245 affected small establishments x 1 hour (Supervisor time) = 3,245 hours
           		Cost:  3,245 (hours) x $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $140,801
           
Medium establishment (20 to 499 employees)

      Burden hours:  1,250 affected medium establishments x 1 hour (Supervisor time) = 1,250 hours
      	    Cost:  1,250 (hours) x $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $54,238
      
Large establishment (500 or more employees)

      Burden hours:  42 affected large establishments x 1 hour (Supervisor time) = 42 hours
		    Cost:  42 (hours) x $43.39 (Supervisor wage) = $1,822

 Table B. Summary of Burden Hours and Cost Under Item 12 for General Industry 
                                       
                                   Frequency
                                     Basis
                                  Respondent
                              Responses per Year
                              Non-Compliance Rate
                              Hours per Response
                                Hours per Year*
                              Loaded Hourly Wage
                                  Total Cost
                                Total Responses

                                       a
                                       B
                                       C
                                 d = a x b x c
                                      e 
                                   f = d x e
                                   g = a x b
A. Exposure Monitoring
1. Performance Option
Objective Data
Annual
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                              0
                                                                             0%
                                                                           0.00
                                                                              0
                                                                              0
                                                                             $0
                                                                              0
2. Scheduled Monitoring Option
Initial
First Year
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                         10,864
                                                                            94%
                                                                           0.50
                                                                          5,106
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                       $130,050
                                                                         10,212
Periodic
Annual
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                          4,955
                                                                            92%
                                                                           0.50
                                                                          2,279
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                        $58,046
                                                                          4,559
Additional
Annual
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                          1,086
                                                                            94%
                                                                           0.50
                                                                            510
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                        $12,990
                                                                          1,021

                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
B. Written Exposure Control Plan, Respiratory Protection, Medical Surveillance, and Medical Removal
1. Written Exposure Control Plan
Develop Plan
First Year
Establishment
HR Manager
                                                                          3,077
                                                                            87%
                                                                           8.00
                                                                         21,416
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                     $1,676,230
                                                                          2,677
Implement Plan
First Year
Employee
HR Manager
                                                                         43,457
                                                                            72%
                                                                           0.50
                                                                         15,645
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                     $1,224,534
                                                                         31,289
Update Plan
Annual
Employee
HR Manager
                                                                         43,457
                                                                            72%
                                                                           0.80
                                                                         25,031
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                     $1,959,176
                                                                         31,289
2. Respirator Program
Develop Plan
First Year
Establishment
HR Manager
                                                                            186
                                                                            65%
                                                                           8.00
                                                                            967
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                        $75,687
                                                                            121
Update Plan
Annual
Establishment
HR Manager
                                                                            186
                                                                            65%
                                                                           2.00
                                                                            242
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                        $18,941
                                                                            121
3. Respirator Fit Testing
Respirator Fit Testing - Labor
Annual
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                            433
                                                                           100%
                                                                           0.50
                                                                            217
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                         $5,527
                                                                            433
Respirator Fit Testing - Labor
Annual
Employee
Supervisor
                                                                            433
                                                                           100%
                                                                           0.50
                                                                            217
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                         $9,416
                                                                            433
4. PPE
Notify Cleaners in Writing
Annual
Establishment
Clerical
                                                                          2,558
                                                                            15%
                                                                           0.17
                                                                             65
                                                                         $24.71
                                                                         $1,606
                                                                            384
5. Medical Surveillance
Medical Exam - Initial and Periodic
Biennial
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                         14,598
                                                                            69%
                                                                           2.08
                                                                         20,951
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                       $533,622
                                                                         10,073
6. Referral to Diagnostic Center
Referral Exam - Travelling Workers
Annual
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                            690
                                                                           100%
                                                                          24.25
                                                                         16,733
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                       $426,190
                                                                            690
Referral Exam - Non-Travelling Workers
Annual
Employee
Production Worker
                                                                            230
                                                                           100%
                                                                           4.25
                                                                            978
                                                                         $25.47
                                                                        $24,910
                                                                            230
7. Information Provided to the PLHCP
Provide Information  -  Supervisor
Biennial
Employee
Supervisor
                                                                         14,598
                                                                            69%
                                                                           0.25
                                                                          2,518
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                       $109,256
                                                                         10,073
8. Licensed Physician's Written Medical Opinion*
Process Information  -  Supervisor
Biennial
Employee
Supervisor
                                                                         14,598
                                                                            69%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                            806
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                        $34,972
                                                                         10,073
9. Medical Removal
Medical Removal
First Year
Employee
Supervisor
                                                                            445
                                                                           100%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                             36
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                         $1,562
                                                                            445
C. Recordkeeping
1. Exposure Monitoring
Initial
First Year
Employee
HR Manager
                                                                         10,864
                                                                            94%
                                                                           0.25
                                                                          2,553
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                       $199,823
                                                                         10,212
Periodic
Annual
Employee
HR Manager
                                                                          4,955
                                                                            92%
                                                                           0.25
                                                                          1,140
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                        $89,228
                                                                          4,559
Additional
Annual
Employee
HR Manager
                                                                          1,086
                                                                            94%
                                                                           0.25
                                                                            255
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                        $19,959
                                                                          1,021

                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
2. Medical Surveillance
Medical Surveillance - HR Manager
Annual
Employee
HR Manager
                                                                         15,518
                                                                            71%
                                                                           0.25
                                                                          2,754
                                                                         $78.27
                                                                       $215,556
                                                                         11,018
Medical Surveillance  -  Clerical
Annual
Employee
Clerical
                                                                         15,518
                                                                            71%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                            881
                                                                         $24.71
                                                                        $21,770
                                                                         11,018
3. Training
Training
Annual
Employee
Clerical
                                                                         43,457
                                                                            66%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                          2,295
                                                                         $24.71
                                                                        $56,709
                                                                         28,682
4. Respirator Fit Testing Records
Respirator Fit Testing
Annual
Employee
Clerical
                                                                            433
                                                                           100%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                             35
                                                                         $24.71
                                                                           $865
                                                                            433
D. Employee Access to Exposure Monitoring and Medical Records
Written Exposure Control Plan
Annual
Employee
Clerical
                                                                          2,173
                                                                            72%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                            125
                                                                         $24.71
                                                                         $3,089
                                                                          1,565
Access to Records
Annual
Employee
Clerical
                                                                          2,173
                                                                           100%
                                                                           0.08
                                                                            174
                                                                         $24.71
                                                                         $4,300
                                                                          2,173
E. Rule Familiarization
Small Establishments (< 20 Employees)
First Year
Establishment
Supervisor
                                                                          3,245
                                                                           100%
                                                                            1.0
                                                                          3,245
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                       $140,801
                                                                          3,245
Medium Establishments (20 - 499 Employees)
First Year
Establishment
Supervisor
                                                                          1,250
                                                                           100%
                                                                            1.0
                                                                          1,250
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                        $54,238
                                                                          1,250
Large Establishments (>= 500 Employees)
First Year
Establishment
Supervisor
                                                                             42
                                                                           100%
                                                                            1.0
                                                                             42
                                                                         $43.39
                                                                         $1,822
                                                                             42

Total
First Year
 
 
 
                                                                         73,430
 
 
                                                                         50,260
 
                                                                     $3,504,747
                                                                         59,493
Annual
 
 
 
                                                                        139,341
 
 
                                                                         53,931
 
                                                                     $2,928,278
                                                                         99,629
Biennial

                                                                         43,794

                                                                         24,275

                                                                        $677850
                                                                         30,219
Total
 
 
 
                                                                        256,565
 
 
                                                                        128,466
                                                                              
                                                                     $7,110,875
                                                                        189,341
Total ICR Three Year Average
 
 
 
                                                                        185,715
 
 
                                                                         82,822
                                                                              
                                                                     $4,435,452
                                                                        134,570
*Some numbers may differ due to rounding.

 13. Provide an estimate of the total annual cost burden to respondents or recordkeepers resulting from the collection of information.  (Do not include the cost of any hour burden shown in Items 12 and 14.)
The cost estimate should be split into two components:  (a) a total capital and start-up cost component (annualized over its expected useful life) and (b) a total operation and maintenance and purchase of services component.  The estimates should take into account costs associated with generating, maintaining, and disclosing or providing the information.  Include descriptions of methods used to estimate major cost factors including system and technology acquisition, expected useful life on capital equipment, the discount rate(s), and the time period over which costs will be incurred.  Capital and start-up costs include, among other items, preparations for collecting information such as purchasing computers and software; monitoring, sampling, drilling and testing equipment; and record storage facilities.

If cost estimates are expected to vary widely, agencies should present ranges of cost burdens and explain the reasons for the variance.  The cost of purchasing or contracting out information collections services should be part of this cost burden estimate.  In developing cost burden estimates, agencies may consult with a sample of respondents (fewer than 10), utilize the 60-day pre-OMB submission public comment process and use existing economic or regulatory impact analysis associated with the rulemaking containing the information collection, as appropriate.

Generally, estimates should not include purchases of equipment or services, or portions thereof, made:  (1) prior to October 1, 1995, (2) to achieve regulatory compliance with requirements not associated with the information collection, (3) for reasons other than to provide information or keep records for the government, or (4) as part of customary and usual business or private practices.

 Exposure Monitoring
The agency has taken a unit cost for analyzing the samples taken for exposure monitoring.  This exposure monitoring requires that three samples be taken per worker: one TWA sample and two short-term exposure limit (STEL) samples. The costs differ for initial exposure monitoring (which is conducted by certified IH) and additional/periodic monitoring (which is conducted by a lower wage IH). The unit cost for an initial TWA sample is estimated to be $617.26, which is the sum of the cost for contract industrial hygienist services ($459.95) and the associated lab fees ($157.31). The unit cost to obtain the two STEL samples is estimated to be $1,234.52 (2 x ($157.31 + $459.95)) per sampled worker. The unit cost for additional/periodic TWA samples is estimated to be $387.29, which is the sum of the cost for contract industrial hygienist services ($229.98) and the associated lab fees ($157.31). The unit cost to obtain additional/periodic STEL samples is estimated to be $774.57 (2 x ($157.31 + $229.98)). 
Table C shows the number of responses per year, non-compliance rate, and total cost associated with each type of exposure monitoring sample for general industry. The number of workers affected by the exposure monitoring requirements varies, with 10,864 workers affected in the first year, 4,955 workers subject to periodic exposure monitoring, and 1,086 workers subject to additional exposure monitoring. The total cost is calculated by multiplying the cost per sample by the number of non-compliance responses. First-year costs and the costs for each type of sample are summed to arrive at the total costs. 
 
Table C. Direct Costs of Exposure Monitoring*
(General Industry Only)
 
 
                                       
                                   Frequency
                              Responses per Year
                              Non-Compliance Rate
                       Non-Compliance Responses per year
                                   Unit Cost
                                  Total Cost
 
 
Initial
 
 
TWA Sample
First Year
                                                                         10,864
                                                                            94%
                                                                         10,212
                                                                       $617.26 
                                                                     $6,303,459
 
 
2 STEL Samples
First Year
                                                                         10,864
                                                                            94%
                                                                         10,212
                                                                     $1,234.52 
                                                                    $12,606,918
 
 
Subtotal
First Year
                                                                         10,864
                                                                              
                                                                         10,212
                                                                              
                                                                    $18,910,377
 
 
Periodic
 
 
TWA Sample
Annual
                                                                          4,955
                                                                            92%
                                                                          4,559
                                                                       $387.29 
                                                                     $1,765,655
 
 
2 STEL Samples
Annual
                                                                          4,955
                                                                            92%
                                                                          4,559
                                                                       $774.57 
                                                                     $3,531,265
 
 
Subtotal
Annual
                                                                          4,955
                                                                              
                                                                          4,559
                                                                              
                                                                     $5,296,920
 
 
Additional
 
 
TWA Sample
Annual
                                                                          1,086
                                                                            94%
                                                                          1,021
                                                                       $387.29 
                                                                       $395,423
 
 
2 STEL Samples
Annual
                                                                          1,086
                                                                            94%
                                                                          1,021
                                                                       $774.57 
                                                                       $790,836
 
 
Subtotal
Annual
                                                                          1,086
                                                                              
                                                                          1,021
                                                                              
                                                                     $1,186,259
 
 

 
 
Total                                                                                                                                            $25,393,556
 
*Samples are taken twice a year for workers between the AL and PEL and quarterly for workers above the PEL.

Total average over three years for General Industry is: 
($18,910,377/3) + $5,296,920 + $1,186,259 = $12,786,638
 Medical Examinations
For general industry, the agency assumes that employers will incur an initial medical cost for the exams associated with the medical surveillance provision of the rule. The initial medical cost associated with initial medical exams is $591.12, which includes $44.57 for gathering or updating work and medical history, $133.71 for a full physical exam (encompassing both respiratory and skin requirements), $62.82 for a pulmonary function test, $327.05 for a BeLPT, and $229.98 for all additional tests (collectively) that the PLHCP may recommend. For this last element, the agency estimates that 10 percent of the standard medical examinations will lead to further tests recommended by the PLCHP. The cost for the PLHCP or other medical provider to provide a written medical report to the employee is included in the cost for the medical exams.
The agency estimates that 14,598 workers in general industry will be subject to biennial medical surveillance, and OSHA estimates a non-compliance rate of 69 percent (10,073 workers) so the total cost for these workers is $5,954,352 (10,073 x $591.12). (See Table D) The cost for the additional exams is included.
Table D  -  Medical Exam Costs for General Industry

Frequency
Basis
Unit Cost
Responses per Year
Non-Compliance Rate
Adjusted Responses
Total Cost
Medical Exam Costs
Biennial
Employee
$591.12 
14,598
69%
10,073
$5,954,352

3.  Respirator Fit-Test Materials
The agency estimates that it costs employers $1.27 for respirator materials to fit-test each of the 433 employees in general industry.  This cost was not significant enough for separate identification in the FEA, but is derived from the respirator fit-test materials costs identified in the Quantitative Fit Testing Protocol: Amendment to the Final Rule on Respiratory Protection NPRM Supporting Statement. 
            Annual Cost:  433 (employees) x $1.27 (cost for materials) = $550
 4.  Total Capital Costs
The total costs for this item are the sum of the costs for exposure monitoring, medical examinations, and fit testing materials.
Table E  -  Annualization of the Final Cost
Table F  -  Annualization of the Final Cost
Three Year Average for the ICR
 (Only General Industry)
Cost
Exposure Monitoring
                                                                    $12,786,638
Medical Exams
                                                                     $5,954,352
Fit Testing
                                                                           $550
Total Cost Average over three years for General Industry	
                                                                    $18,741,540
 
 14. Provide estimates of annualized cost to the Federal Government.  Also, provide a description Provide estimates of annualized cost to the Federal Government.  Also, provide a description of the method used to estimate cost, which should include quantification of hours, operational expenses (such as equipment, overhead, printing, and support staff), and any other expense that would not have been incurred without this collection of information.  Agencies may also aggregate cost estimates from Items 12, 13, and 14 in a single table.
There are no costs to the Federal Government. The agency has no annualized cost associated with enforcing the standard. OSHA would only review records in the context of an investigation of a particular employer to determine compliance with the standard. These activities are outside the scope of the PRA. See 5 CFR 1320.4(a)(2).

 15. Explain the reasons for any program changes or adjustments.
OSHA is requesting a program change decrease from 194,261 hours to 82,822 hours, a difference of 111,439 hours in the burden. This is a revision to the currently approved Beryllium Information Collection for the general industry by removing those collection of information requirements contained in the construction and shipyard sectors from this ICR. This revision removes the duplication of the collections for construction and shipyard sectors. The capital cost estimated for general industry is $18,741,540. The capital cost estimate is annualized over three years.

 16. For collection of information whose results will be published, outline plans for tabulation and publication.  Address any complex analytical techniques that will be used.  Provide the time schedule for the entire project, including beginning and ending dates of the collection of information, completion of report, publication dates, and other actions.
The information collected under the beryllium standard will not be published.

 17. If seeking approval to not display the expiration date for OMB approval of the information collection, explain the reasons that display would be inappropriate.
OSHA lists current valid control numbers in §§ 1910.8, 1915.8, 1917.4, 1918.4, and 1926.5 and publishes the expiration date in the Federal Register notice announcing OMB approval of the information collection requirement (see 5 CFR 1320.3(f)(3)). OSHA believes that this is the most appropriate and accurate mechanism to inform interested parties of these expiration dates. 
 18. Explain each exception to the certification statement.
OSHA is not requesting an exception to the certification statement.
 COLLECTIONS OF INFORMATION EMPLOYING STATISTICAL METHODS     
 
This Supporting Statement does not contain any collection of information requirements that employ statistical methods.
 
 
SEC. 2. Congressional Findings and Purpose (a) The Congress finds that personal injuries and illnesses arising out of work situations impose a substantial burden upon, and are a hindrance to, interstate commerce in terms of lost production, wage loss, medical expenses, and disability compensation payments. (b) The Congress declares it to be its purpose and policy, through the exercise of its powers to regulate commerce among the several States and with foreign nations and to provide for the general welfare, to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources -- 29 USC 651 (1) by encouraging employers and employees in their efforts to reduce the number of occupational safety and health hazards at their places of employment, and to stimulate employers and employees to institute new and to perfect existing programs for providing safe and healthful working conditions; (2) by providing that employers and employees have separate but dependent responsibilities and rights with respect to achieving safe and healthful working conditions; (3) by authorizing the Secretary of Labor to set mandatory occupational safety and health standards applicable to businesses affecting interstate commerce, and by creating an Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission for carrying out adjudicatory functions under the Act; (4) by building upon advances already made through employer and employee initiative for providing safe and healthful working conditions; (5) by providing for research in the field of occupational safety and health, including the psychological factors involved, and by developing innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health problems; (6) by exploring ways to discover latent diseases, establishing causal connections between diseases and work in environmental conditions, and conducting other research relating to health problems, in recognition of the fact that occupational health standards present problems often different from those involved in occupational safety; (7) by providing medical criteria which will assure insofar as practicable that no employee will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his work experience; (8) by providing for training programs to increase the number and competence of personnel engaged in the field of occupational safety and health; affecting the OSH Act since its passage in 1970 through January 1, 2004. (9) by providing for the development and promulgation of occupational safety and health standards; (10) by providing an effective enforcement program which shall include a prohibition against giving advance notice of any inspection and sanctions for any individual violating this prohibition; 2 (11) by encouraging the States to assume the fullest responsibility for the administration and enforcement of their occupational safety and health laws by providing grants to the States to assist in identifying their needs and responsibilities in the area of occupational safety and health, to develop plans in accordance with the provisions of this Act, to improve the administration and enforcement of State occupational safety and health laws, and to conduct experimental and demonstration projects in connection therewith; (12) by providing for appropriate reporting procedures with respect to occupational safety and health which procedures will help achieve the objectives of this Act and accurately describe the nature of the occupational safety and health problem; (13) by encouraging joint labor-management efforts to reduce injuries and disease arising out of employment.

6. Occupational Safety and Health Standards 29 USC 655: (a) Without regard to chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, or to the other subsections of this section, the Secretary shall, as soon as practicable during the period beginning with the effective date of this Act and ending two years after such date, by rule promulgate as an occupational safety or health standard any national consensus standard, and any established Federal standard, unless he determines that the promulgation of such a standard would not result in improved safety or health for specifically designated employees. In the event of conflict among any such standards, the Secretary shall promulgate the standard which assures the greatest protection of the safety or health of the affected employees. (b) The Secretary may by rule promulgate, modify, or revoke any occupational safety or health standard in the following manner: (1) Whenever the Secretary, upon the basis of information submitted to him in writing by an interested person, a representative of any organization of employers or employees, a nationally recognized standards-producing organization, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or a State or political subdivision, or on the basis of information developed by the Secretary or otherwise available to him, determines that a rule should be promulgated in order to serve the objectives of this Act, the Secretary may request the recommendations of an advisory committee appointed under section 7 of this Act. The Secretary shall provide such an advisory committee with any proposals of his own or of the Secretary of Health and Human Services, together with all pertinent factual information developed by the Secretary or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, or otherwise available, including the results of research, demonstrations, and experiments. An advisory committee shall submit to the Secretary its recommendations regarding the rule to be promulgated within ninety days from the date of its appointment or within such longer or shorter period as may be prescribed by the Secretary, but in no event for a period which is longer than two hundred and seventy days. (2) The Secretary shall publish a proposed rule promulgating, modifying, or revoking an occupational safety or health standard in the Federal Register and shall afford interested persons a period of thirty days after publication to submit written data or comments. Where an advisory committee is appointed and the Secretary determines that a rule should be issued, he shall publish the proposed rule within sixty days after the submission of the advisory committee's recommendations or the expiration of the period prescribed by the Secretary for such submission. (3) On or before the last day of the period provided for the submission of written data or comments under paragraph (2), any interested person may file with the Secretary written objections to the proposed rule, stating the grounds therefore and requesting a public hearing on such objections. Within thirty days after the last day for filing such objections, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice specifying the occupational safety or health standard to which objections have been filed and a hearing requested, and specifying a time and place for such hearing. (4) Within sixty days after the expiration of the period provided for the submission of written data or comments under paragraph (2), or within sixty days after the completion of any hearing held under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall issue a rule promulgating, modifying, or revoking an occupational safety or health standard or make a determination that a rule should not be issued. Such a rule may contain a provision delaying its effective date for such period (not in excess of ninety days) as the Secretary determines may be necessary to insure that affected employers and employees will be informed of the existence of the standard and of its terms and that employers affected are given an opportunity to familiarize themselves and their employees with the existence of the requirements of the standard. (5) The Secretary, in promulgating standards dealing with toxic materials or harmful physical agents under this subsection, shall set the standard which most adequately assures, to the extent feasible, on the basis of the best available evidence, that no employee will suffer material impairment of health or functional capacity even if such employee has regular exposure to the hazard dealt with by such standard for the period of his working life. Development of standards under this subsection shall be based upon research, demonstrations, experiments, and such other information as may be appropriate. In addition to the attainment of the highest degree of health and safety protection for the employee, other considerations shall be the latest available scientific data in the field, the feasibility of the standards, and experience gained under this and other health and safety laws. Whenever practicable, the standard promulgated shall be expressed in terms of objective criteria and of the performance desired. (6) (A) Any employer may apply to the Secretary for a temporary order granting a variance from a standard or any provision thereof promulgated under this section. Such temporary order shall be granted only if the employer files an application which meets the requirements of clause (B) and establishes that -- (i) he is unable to comply with a standard by its effective date because of unavailability of professional or technical personnel or of materials and equipment needed to come into compliance with the standard or because necessary construction or alteration of facilities cannot be completed by the effective date, (ii) he is taking all available steps to safeguard his employees against the hazards covered by the standard, and (iii) he has an effective program for coming into compliance with the standard as quickly as practicable. Any temporary order issued under this paragraph shall prescribe the practices, means, methods, operations, and processes which the employer must adopt and use while the order is in effect and state in detail his program for coming into compliance with the standard. Such a temporary order may be granted only after notice to employees and an opportunity for a hearing: Provided, That the Secretary may issue one interim order to be effective until a decision is made on the basis of the hearing. No temporary order may be in effect for longer than the period needed by the employer to achieve 2compliance with the standard or one year, whichever is shorter, except that such an order may be renewed not more that twice (I) so long as the requirements of this paragraph are met and (II) if an application for renewal is filed at least 90 days prior to the expiration date of the order. No interim renewal of an order may remain in effect for longer than 180 days. (B) An application for temporary order under this paragraph (6) shall contain: (i) a specification of the standard or portion thereof from which the employer seeks a variance, (ii) a representation by the employer, supported by representations from qualified persons having firsthand knowledge of the facts represented, that he is unable to comply with the standard or portion thereof and a detailed statement of the reasons therefor, (iii) a statement of the steps he has taken and will take (with specific dates) to protect employees against the hazard covered by the standard, (iv) a statement of when he expects to be able to comply with the standard and what steps he has taken and what steps he will take (with dates specified) to come into compliance with the standard, and (v) a certification that he has informed his employees of the application by giving a copy thereof to their authorized representative, posting a statement giving a summary of the application and specifying where a copy may be examined at the place or places where notices to employees are normally posted, and by other appropriate means. A description of how employees have been informed shall be contained in the certification. The information to employees shall also inform them of their right to petition the Secretary for a hearing. (C) The Secretary is authorized to grant a variance from any standard or portion thereof whenever he determines, or the Secretary of Health and Human Services certifies, that such variance is necessary to permit an employer to participate in an experiment approved by him or the Secretary of Health and Human Services designed to demonstrate or validate new and improved techniques to safeguard the health or safety of workers. (7) Any standard promulgated under this subsection shall prescribe the use of labels or other appropriate forms of warning as are necessary to insure that employees are apprised of all hazards to which they are exposed, relevant symptoms and appropriate emergency treatment, and proper conditions and precautions of safe use or exposure. Where appropriate, such standard shall also prescribe suitable protective equipment and control or technological procedures to be used in connection with such hazards and shall provide for monitoring or measuring employee exposure at such locations and intervals, and in such manner as may be necessary for the protection of employees. In addition, where appropriate, any such standard shall prescribe the type and frequency of medical examinations or other tests which shall be made available, by the employer or at his cost, to employees exposed to such hazards in order to most effectively determine whether the health of such employees is adversely affected by such exposure. In the event such medical examinations are in the nature of research, as determined by the Secretary of 3Health and Human Services, such examinations may be furnished at the expense of the Secretary of Health and Human Services. The results of such examinations or tests shall be furnished only to the Secretary or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and, at the request of the employee, to his physician. The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, may by rule promulgated pursuant to section 553 of title 5, United States Code, make appropriate modifications in the foregoing requirements relating to the use of labels or other forms of warning, monitoring or measuring, and medical examinations, as may be warranted by experience, information, or medical or technological developments acquired subsequent to the promulgation of the relevant standard. (8) Whenever a rule promulgated by the Secretary differs substantially from an existing national consensus standard, the Secretary shall, at the same time, publish in the Federal Register a statement of the reasons why the rule as adopted will better effectuate the purposes of this Act than the national consensus standard. (c) (1) The Secretary shall provide, without regard to the requirements of chapter 5, title 5, Unites States Code, for an emergency temporary standard to take immediate effect upon publication in the Federal Register if he determines -- (A) that employees are exposed to grave danger from exposure to substances or agents determined to be toxic or physically harmful or from new hazards, and (B) that such emergency standard is necessary to protect employees from such danger. (2) Such standard shall be effective until superseded by a standard promulgated in accordance with the procedures prescribed in paragraph (3) of this subsection. (3) Upon publication of such standard in the Federal Register the Secretary shall commence a proceeding in accordance with section 6 (b) of this Act, and the standard as published shall also serve as a proposed rule for the proceeding. The Secretary shall promulgate a standard under this paragraph no later than six months after publication of the emergency standard as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection. (d) Any affected employer may apply to the Secretary for a rule or order for a variance from a standard promulgated under this section. Affected employees shall be given notice of each such application and an opportunity to participate in a hearing. The Secretary shall issue such rule or order if he determines on the record, after opportunity for an inspection where appropriate and a hearing, that the proponent of the variance has demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence that the conditions, practices, means, methods, operations, or processes used or proposed to be used by an employer will provide employment and places of employment to his employees which are as safe and healthful as those which would prevail if he complied with the standard. The rule or order so issued shall prescribe the conditions the employer must maintain, and the practices, means, methods, operations, and 4processes which he must adopt and utilize to the extent they differ from the standard in question. Such a rule or order may be modified or revoked upon application by an employer, employees, or by the Secretary on his own motion, in the manner prescribed for its issuance under this subsection at any time after six months from its issuance. (e) Whenever the Secretary promulgates any standard, makes any rule, order, or decision, grants any exemption or extension of time, or compromises, mitigates, or settles any penalty assessed under this Act, he shall include a statement of the reasons for such action, which shall be published in the Federal Register. (f) Any person who may be adversely affected by a standard issued under this section may at any time prior to the sixtieth day after such standard is promulgated file a petition challenging the validity of such standard with the United States court of appeals for the circuit wherein such person resides or has his principal place of business, for a judicial review of such standard. A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary. The filing of such petition shall not, unless otherwise ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the standard. The determinations of the Secretary shall be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence in the record considered as a whole. (g) In determining the priority for establishing standards under this section, the Secretary shall give due regard to the urgency of the need for mandatory safety and health standards for particular industries, trades, crafts, occupations, businesses, workplaces or work environments. The Secretary shall also give due regard to the recommendations of the Secretary of Health and Human Services regarding the need for mandatory standards in determining the priority for establishing such standards.

SEC. 8. Inspections, Investigations, and Recordkeeping (a) In order to carry out the purposes of this Act, the Secretary, upon presenting appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge, is authorized -- (1) to enter without delay and at reasonable times any factory, plant, establishment, construction site, or other area, workplace or environment where work is performed by an employee of an employer; and (2) to inspect and investigate during regular working hours and at other reasonable times, and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, any such place of employment and all pertinent conditions, structures, machines, apparatus, devices, equipment, and materials therein, and to question privately any such employer, owner, operator, agent or employee. (b) In making his inspections and investigations under this Act the Secretary may require the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence under oath. Witnesses shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States. In case of a contumacy, failure, or refusal of any person to obey such an order, any district court of the United States or the United States courts of any territory or possession, within the jurisdiction of which such person is found, or resides or transacts business, upon the application by the Secretary, shall have jurisdiction to issue to such person an order requiring such person to appear to produce evidence if, as, and when so ordered, and to give testimony relating to the matter under investigation or in question, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by said court as a contempt thereof. (c) (1) Each employer shall make, keep and preserve, and make available to the Secretary or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, such records regarding his activities relating to this Act as the Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, may prescribe by regulation as necessary or appropriate for the enforcement of this Act or for developing information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational accidents and illnesses. In order to carry out the provisions of this paragraph such regulations may include provisions requiring employers to conduct periodic inspections. The Secretary shall also issue regulations requiring that employers, through posting of notices or other appropriate means, keep their employees informed of their protections and obligations under this Act, including the provisions of applicable standards. (2) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall prescribe regulations requiring employers to maintain accurate records of, and to make periodic reports on, work-related deaths, injuries and illnesses other than minor injuries requiring only first aid treatment and which do not involve medical treatment, loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or transfer to another job. 29 USC 657 (3) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall issue regulations requiring employers to maintain accurate records of employee exposures to potentially toxic materials or harmful physical agents which are required to be monitored or measured under section 6. Such regulations shall provide employees or their representatives with an opportunity to observe such monitoring or measuring, and to have access to the records thereof. Such regulations shall also make appropriate provision for each employee or former employee to have access to such records as will indicate his own exposure to toxic materials or harmful physical agents. Each employer shall promptly notify any employee who has been or is being exposed to toxic materials or harmful physical agents in concentrations or at levels which exceed those prescribed by an applicable occupational safety and health standard promulgated under section 6, and shall inform any employee who is being thus exposed of the corrective action being taken. (d) Any information obtained by the Secretary, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, or a State agency under this Act shall be obtained with a minimum burden upon employers, especially those operating small businesses. Unnecessary duplication of efforts in obtaining information shall be reduced to the maximum extent feasible. (e) Subject to regulations issued by the Secretary, a representative of the employer and a representative authorized by his employees shall be given an opportunity to accompany the Secretary or his authorized representative during the physical inspection of any workplace under subsection (a) for the purpose of aiding such inspection. Where there is no authorized employee representative, the Secretary or his authorized representative shall consult with a reasonable number of employees concerning matters of health and safety in the workplace. (f) (1) Any employees or representative of employees who believe that a violation of a safety or health standard exists that threatens physical harm, or that an imminent danger exists, may request an inspection by giving notice to the Secretary or his authorized representative of such violation or danger. Any such notice shall be reduced to writing, shall set forth with reasonable particularity the grounds for the notice, and shall be signed by the employees or representative of employees, and a copy shall be provided the employer or his agent no later than at the time of inspection, except that, upon the request of the person giving such notice, his name and the names of individual employees referred to therein shall not appear in such copy or on any record published, released, or made available pursuant to subsection (g) of this section. If upon receipt of such notification the Secretary determines there are reasonable grounds to believe that such violation or danger exists, he shall make a special inspection in accordance with the provisions of this section as soon as practicable, to determine if such violation or danger exists. If the Secretary determines there are no reasonable grounds to believe that a violation or danger exists he shall notify the employees or representative of the employees in writing of such determination. (2) Prior to or during any inspection of a workplace, any employees 2or representative of employees employed in such workplace may notify the Secretary or any representative of the Secretary responsible for conducting the inspection, in writing, of any violation of this Act which they have reason to believe exists in such workplace. The Secretary shall, by regulation, establish procedures for informal review of any refusal by a representative of the Secretary to issue a citation with respect to any such alleged violation and shall furnish the employees or representative of employees requesting such review a written statement of the reasons for the Secretary's final disposition of the case. (g) (1) The Secretary and Secretary of Health and Human Services are authorized to compile, analyze, and publish, either in summary or detailed form, all reports or information obtained under this section. (2) The Secretary and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall each prescribe such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to carry out their responsibilities under this Act, including rules and regulations dealing with the inspection of an employer's establishment. (h) The Secretary shall not use the results of enforcement activities, such as the number of citations issued or penalties assessed, to evaluate employees directly involved in enforcement activities under this Act or to impose quotas or goals with regard to the results of such activities. Pub. L. 105-198 added subsection (h).

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations
                                       
e-CFR data is current as of August 9, 2021

§1910.1024   Beryllium.
    (a) Scope and application. (1) This standard applies to occupational exposure to beryllium in all forms, compounds, and mixtures in general industry, except those articles and materials exempted by paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this standard.
    (2) This standard does not apply to articles, as defined in the Hazard Communication standard (HCS) (§1910.1200(c)), that contain beryllium and that the employer does not process.
    (3) This standard does not apply to materials containing less than 0.1% beryllium by weight where the employer has objective data demonstrating that employee exposure to beryllium will remain below the action level as an 8-hour TWA under any foreseeable conditions.
    (b) Definitions. As used in this standard:
    Action level means a concentration of airborne beryllium of 0.1 micrograms per cubic meter of air (ug/m[3]) calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).
    Airborne exposure and airborne exposure to beryllium mean the exposure to airborne beryllium that would occur if the employee were not using a respirator.
    Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, United States Department of Labor, or designee.
    Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) means the measurement of blood lymphocyte proliferation in a laboratory test when lymphocytes are challenged with a soluble beryllium salt.
    Beryllium sensitization means a response in the immune system of a specific individual who has been exposed to beryllium. There are no associated physical or clinical symptoms and no illness or disability with beryllium sensitization alone, but the response that occurs through beryllium sensitization can enable the immune system to recognize and react to beryllium. While not every beryllium-sensitized person will develop chronic beryllium disease (CBD), beryllium sensitization is essential for development of CBD.
    Beryllium work area means any work area where materials that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight are processed either:
    (1) During any of the operations listed in Appendix A of this standard; or
    (2) Where employees are, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium at or above the action level.
    CBD diagnostic center means a medical diagnostic center that has a pulmonologist or pulmonary specialist on staff and on-site facilities to perform a clinical evaluation for the presence of chronic beryllium disease (CBD). The CBD diagnostic center must have the capacity to perform pulmonary function testing (as outlined by the American Thoracic Society criteria), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsy. The CBD diagnostic center must also have the capacity to transfer BAL samples to a laboratory for appropriate diagnostic testing within 24 hours. The pulmonologist or pulmonary specialist must be able to interpret the biopsy pathology and the BAL diagnostic test results.
    Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) means a chronic granulomatous lung disease caused by inhalation of airborne beryllium by an individual who is beryllium sensitized.
    Confirmed positive means the person tested has had two abnormal BeLPT test results, an abnormal and a borderline test result, or three borderline test results, obtained from tests conducted within a three-year period. It also means the result of a more reliable and accurate test indicating a person has been identified as having beryllium sensitization.
    Contaminated with beryllium and beryllium-contaminated mean contaminated with dust, fumes, mists, or solutions containing beryllium in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight.
    Dermal contact with beryllium means skin exposure to:
    (1) Soluble beryllium compounds containing beryllium in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight;
    (2) Solutions containing beryllium in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight; or
    (3) Visible dust, fumes, or mists containing beryllium in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight. The handling of beryllium materials in non-particulate solid form that are free from visible dust containing beryllium in concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight is not considered dermal contact under the standard.
    Director means the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee.
    Emergency means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment, which may or does result in an uncontrolled and unintended release of airborne beryllium that presents a significant hazard.
    High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter means a filter that is at least 99.97 percent efficient in removing particles 0.3 micrometers in diameter.
    Objective data means information, such as air monitoring data from industry-wide surveys or calculations based on the composition of a substance, demonstrating airborne exposure to beryllium associated with a particular product or material or a specific process, task, or activity. The data must reflect workplace conditions closely resembling or with a higher airborne exposure potential than the processes, types of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions in the employer's current operations.
    Physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP) means an individual whose legally permitted scope of practice (i.e., license, registration, or certification) allows the individual to independently provide or be delegated the responsibility to provide some or all of the health care services required by paragraph (k) of this standard.
    Regulated area means an area, including temporary work areas where maintenance or non-routine tasks are performed, where an employee's airborne exposure exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, either the time-weighted average (TWA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) or short term exposure limit (STEL).
    This standard means this beryllium standard, 29 CFR 1910.1024.
    (c) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) -- (1) Time-weighted average (TWA) PEL. The employer must ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of beryllium in excess of 0.2 ug/m[3] calculated as an 8-hour TWA.
    (2) Short-term exposure limit (STEL). The employer must ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of beryllium in excess of 2.0 ug/m[3] as determined over a sampling period of 15 minutes.
    (d) Exposure assessment -- (1) General. The employer must assess the airborne exposure of each employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with either the performance option in paragraph (d)(2) or the scheduled monitoring option in paragraph (d)(3) of this standard.
    (2) Performance option. The employer must assess the 8-hour TWA exposure and the 15-minute short-term exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air monitoring data and objective data sufficient to accurately characterize airborne exposure to beryllium.
    (3) Scheduled monitoring option. (i) The employer must perform initial monitoring to assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of one or more personal breathing zone air samples that reflect the airborne exposure of employees on each shift, for each job classification, and in each work area.
    (ii) The employer must perform initial monitoring to assess the short-term exposure from 15-minute personal breathing zone air samples measured in operations that are likely to produce airborne exposure above the STEL for each work shift, for each job classification, and in each work area.
    (iii) Where several employees perform the same tasks on the same shift and in the same work area, the employer may sample a representative fraction of these employees in order to meet the requirements of this paragraph (d)(3). In representative sampling, the employer must sample the employee(s) expected to have the highest airborne exposure to beryllium.
    (iv) If initial monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is below the action level and at or below the STEL, the employer may discontinue monitoring for those employees whose airborne exposure is represented by such monitoring.
    (v) Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is at or above the action level but at or below the TWA PEL, the employer must repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring.
    (vi) Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is above the TWA PEL, the employer must repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent 8-hour TWA exposure monitoring.
    (vii) Where the most recent (non-initial) exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is below the action level, the employer must repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken 7 or more days apart, are below the action level, at which time the employer may discontinue 8-hour TWA exposure monitoring for those employees whose exposure is represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this standard.
    (viii) Where the most recent exposure monitoring indicates that airborne exposure is above the STEL, the employer must repeat such monitoring within three months of the most recent short-term exposure monitoring until two consecutive measurements, taken 7 or more days apart, are below the STEL, at which time the employer may discontinue short-term exposure monitoring for those employees whose exposure is represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (d)(4) of this standard.
    (4) Reassessment of exposure. The employer must reassess airborne exposure whenever a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to result in new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL, or when the employer has any reason to believe that new or additional airborne exposure at or above the action level or STEL has occurred.
    (5) Methods of sample analysis. The employer must ensure that all air monitoring samples used to satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph (d) of this standard are evaluated by a laboratory that can measure beryllium to an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent within a statistical confidence level of 95 percent for airborne concentrations at or above the action level.
    (6) Employee notification of assessment results. (i) Within 15 working days after completing an exposure assessment in accordance with paragraph (d) of this standard, the employer must notify each employee whose airborne exposure is represented by the assessment of the results of that assessment individually in writing or post the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to each of these employees.
    (ii) Whenever an exposure assessment indicates that airborne exposure is above the TWA PEL or STEL, the employer must describe in the written notification the corrective action being taken to reduce airborne exposure to or below the exposure limit(s) exceeded where feasible corrective action exists but had not been implemented when the monitoring was conducted.
    (7) Observation of monitoring. (i) The employer must provide an opportunity to observe any exposure monitoring required by this standard to each employee whose airborne exposure is measured or represented by the monitoring and each employee's representative(s).
    (ii) When observation of monitoring requires entry into an area where the use of personal protective clothing or equipment (which may include respirators) is required, the employer must provide each observer with appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment at no cost to the observer and must ensure that each observer uses such clothing and equipment.
    (iii) The employer must ensure that each observer follows all other applicable safety and health procedures.
    (e) Beryllium work areas and regulated areas -- (1) Establishment. (i) The employer must establish and maintain a beryllium work area wherever the criteria for a "beryllium work area" set forth in paragraph (b) of this standard are met.
    (ii) The employer must establish and maintain a regulated area wherever employees are, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium at levels above the TWA PEL or STEL.
    (2) Demarcation. (i) The employer must identify each beryllium work area through signs or any other methods that adequately establish and inform each employee of the boundaries of each beryllium work area.
    (ii) The employer must identify each regulated area in accordance with paragraph (m)(2) of this standard.
    (3) Access. The employer must limit access to regulated areas to:
    (i) Persons the employer authorizes or requires to be in a regulated area to perform work duties;
    (ii) Persons entering a regulated area as designated representatives of employees for the purpose of exercising the right to observe exposure monitoring procedures under paragraph (d)(7) of this standard; and
    (iii) Persons authorized by law to be in a regulated area.
    (4) Provision of personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators. The employer must provide and ensure that each employee entering a regulated area uses:
    (i) Respiratory protection in accordance with paragraph (g) of this standard; and
    (ii) Personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with paragraph (h) of this standard.
    (f) Methods of compliance -- (1) Written exposure control plan. (i) The employer must establish, implement, and maintain a written exposure control plan, which must contain:
    (A) A list of operations and job titles reasonably expected to involve airborne exposure to or dermal contact with beryllium;
    (B) A list of operations and job titles reasonably expected to involve airborne exposure at or above the action level;
    (C) A list of operations and job titles reasonably expected to involve airborne exposure above the TWA PEL or STEL;
    (D) Procedures for minimizing cross-contamination, including the transfer of beryllium between surfaces, equipment, clothing, materials, and articles within beryllium work areas;
    (E) Procedures for keeping surfaces as free as practicable of beryllium;
    (F) Procedures for minimizing the migration of beryllium from beryllium work areas to other locations within or outside the workplace;
    (G) A list of engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection required by paragraph (f)(2) of this standard;
    (H) A list of personal protective clothing and equipment required by paragraph (h) of this standard; and
    (I) Procedures for removing, laundering, storing, cleaning, repairing, and disposing of beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators.
    (ii) The employer must review and evaluate the effectiveness of each written exposure control plan at least annually and update it, as necessary, when:
    (A) Any change in production processes, materials, equipment, personnel, work practices, or control methods results, or can reasonably be expected to result, in new or additional airborne exposure to beryllium;
    (B) The employer is notified that an employee is eligible for medical removal in accordance with paragraph (l)(1) of this standard, referred for evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center, or shows signs or symptoms associated with exposure to beryllium; or
    (C) The employer has any reason to believe that new or additional airborne exposure is occurring or will occur.
    (iii) The employer must make a copy of the written exposure control plan accessible to each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium in accordance with OSHA's Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (Records Access) standard (§1910.1020(e)).
    (2) Engineering and work practice controls. (i) The employer must use engineering and work practice controls to reduce and maintain employee airborne exposure to beryllium to or below the PEL and STEL, unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Wherever the employer demonstrates that it is not feasible to reduce airborne exposure to or below the PELs with engineering and work practice controls, the employer must implement and maintain engineering and work practice controls to reduce airborne exposure to the lowest levels feasible and supplement these controls using respiratory protection in accordance with paragraph (g) of this standard.
    (ii) For each operation in a beryllium work area that releases airborne beryllium, the employer must ensure that at least one of the following is in place to reduce airborne exposure:
    (A) Material and/or process substitution;
    (B) Isolation, such as ventilated partial or full enclosures;
    (C) Local exhaust ventilation, such as at the points of operation, material handling, and transfer; or
    (D) Process control, such as wet methods and automation.
    (iii) An employer is exempt from using the controls listed in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this standard to the extent that:
    (A) The employer can establish that such controls are not feasible; or
    (B) The employer can demonstrate that airborne exposure is below the action level, using no fewer than two representative personal breathing zone samples taken at least 7 days apart, for each affected operation.
    (3) Prohibition of rotation. The employer must not rotate employees to different jobs to achieve compliance with the PELs.
    (g) Respiratory protection -- (1) General. The employer must provide respiratory protection at no cost to the employee and ensure that each employee uses respiratory protection:
    (i) During periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and work practice controls where airborne exposure exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the TWA PEL or STEL;
    (ii) During operations, including maintenance and repair activities and non-routine tasks, when engineering and work practice controls are not feasible and airborne exposure exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the TWA PEL or STEL;
    (iii) During operations for which an employer has implemented all feasible engineering and work practice controls when such controls are not sufficient to reduce airborne exposure to or below the TWA PEL or STEL;
    (iv) During emergencies; and
    (v) When an employee who is eligible for medical removal under paragraph (l)(1) chooses to remain in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level, as permitted by paragraph (l)(2)(ii) of this standard.
    (2) Respiratory protection program. Where this standard requires an employer to provide respiratory protection, the selection and use of such respiratory protection must be in accordance with the Respiratory Protection standard (§1910.134).
    (3) The employer must provide at no cost to the employee a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) instead of a negative pressure respirator when:
    (i) Respiratory protection is required by this standard;
    (ii) An employee entitled to such respiratory protection requests a PAPR; and
    (iii) The PAPR provides adequate protection to the employee in accordance with paragraph (g)(2) of this standard.
    (h) Personal protective clothing and equipment -- (1) Provision and use. The employer must provide at no cost, and ensure that each employee uses, appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with the written exposure control plan required under paragraph (f)(1) of this standard and OSHA's Personal Protective Equipment standards (subpart I of this part):
    (i) Where airborne exposure exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the TWA PEL or STEL; or
    (ii) Where there is a reasonable expectation of dermal contact with beryllium.
    (2) Removal and storage. (i) The employer must ensure that each employee removes all beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment at the end of the work shift, at the completion of all tasks involving beryllium, or when personal protective clothing or equipment becomes visibly contaminated with beryllium, whichever comes first.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that each employee removes beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment as specified in the written exposure control plan required by paragraph (f)(1) of this standard.
    (iii) The employer must ensure that each employee stores and keeps beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment separate from street clothing and that storage facilities prevent cross-contamination as specified in the written exposure control plan required by paragraph (f)(1) of this standard.
    (iv) The employer must ensure that no employee removes beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing or equipment from the workplace, except for employees authorized to do so for the purposes of laundering, cleaning, maintaining or disposing of beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment at an appropriate location or facility away from the workplace.
    (v) When personal protective clothing or equipment required by this standard is removed from the workplace for laundering, cleaning, maintenance or disposal, the employer must ensure that personal protective clothing and equipment are stored and transported in sealed bags or other closed containers that are impermeable and are labeled in accordance with paragraph (m)(3) of this standard and the HCS (§1910.1200).
    (3) Cleaning and replacement. (i) The employer must ensure that all reusable personal protective clothing and equipment required by this standard is cleaned, laundered, repaired, and replaced as needed to maintain its effectiveness.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that beryllium is not removed from beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing and equipment by blowing, shaking, or any other means that disperses beryllium into the air.
    (iii) The employer must inform in writing the persons or the business entities who launder, clean, or repair the personal protective clothing or equipment required by this standard of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to beryllium and that the personal protective clothing and equipment must be handled in accordance with this standard.
    (i) Hygiene areas and practices -- (1) General. For each employee working in a beryllium work area or who can reasonably be expected to have dermal contact with beryllium, the employer must:
    (i) Provide readily accessible washing facilities in accordance with this standard and the Sanitation standard (§1910.141) to remove beryllium from the hands, face, and neck; and
    (ii) Ensure that employees who have dermal contact with beryllium wash any exposed skin at the end of the activity, process, or work shift and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco or gum, applying cosmetics, or using the toilet.
    (2) Change rooms. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this standard, the employer must provide employees who are required to use personal protective clothing or equipment under paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this standard with a designated change room in accordance with this standard and the Sanitation standard (§1910.141) where employees are required to remove their personal clothing.
    (3) Showers. (i) The employer must provide showers in accordance with the Sanitation standard (§1910.141) where:
    (A) Airborne exposure exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, the TWA PEL or STEL; and
    (B) Employee's hair or body parts other than hands, face, and neck can reasonably be expected to become contaminated with beryllium.
    (ii) Employers required to provide showers under paragraph (i)(3)(i) of this standard must ensure that each employee showers at the end of the work shift or work activity if:
    (A) The employee reasonably could have had airborne exposure above the TWA PEL or STEL; and
    (B) The employee's hair or body parts other than hands, face, and neck could reasonably have become contaminated with beryllium.
    (4) Eating and drinking areas. Wherever the employer allows employees to consume food or beverages at a worksite where beryllium is present, the employer must ensure that:
    (i) Beryllium-contaminated surfaces in eating and drinking areas are as free as practicable of beryllium;
    (ii) No employees enter any eating or drinking area with beryllium-contaminated personal protective clothing or equipment unless, prior to entry, it is cleaned, as necessary, to be as free as practicable of beryllium by methods that do not disperse beryllium into the air or onto an employee's body; and
    (iii) Eating and drinking facilities provided by the employer are in accordance with the Sanitation standard (§1910.141).
    (5) Prohibited activities. The employer must ensure that no employees eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in regulated areas.
    (j) Housekeeping -- (1) General. (i) The employer must maintain all surfaces in beryllium work areas and regulated areas as free as practicable of beryllium and in accordance with the written exposure control plan required under paragraph (f)(1) and the cleaning methods required under paragraph (j)(2) of this standard; and
    (ii) The employer must ensure that all spills and emergency releases of beryllium are cleaned up promptly and in accordance with the written exposure control plan required under paragraph (f)(1) and the cleaning methods required under paragraph (j)(2) of this standard.
    (2) Cleaning methods.
    (i) The employer must ensure that surfaces in beryllium work areas and regulated areas are cleaned by HEPA-filtered vacuuming or other methods that minimize the likelihood and level of airborne exposure.
    (ii) The employer must not allow dry sweeping or brushing for cleaning surfaces in beryllium work areas or regulated areas unless HEPA-filtered vacuuming or other methods that minimize the likelihood and level of airborne exposure are not safe or effective.
    (iii) The employer must not allow the use of compressed air for cleaning beryllium-contaminated surfaces unless the compressed air is used in conjunction with a ventilation system designed to capture the particulates made airborne by the use of compressed air.
    (iv) Where employees use dry sweeping, brushing, or compressed air to clean beryllium-contaminated surfaces, the employer must provide, and ensure that each employee uses, respiratory protection and personal protective clothing and equipment in accordance with paragraphs (g) and (h) of this standard.
    (v) The employer must ensure that cleaning equipment is handled and maintained in a manner that minimizes the likelihood and level of airborne exposure and the re-entrainment of airborne beryllium in the workplace.
    (3) Disposal, recycling, and reuse. (i) Except for intra-plant transfers, when the employer transfers materials that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium for disposal, recycling, or reuse, the employer must label the materials in accordance with paragraph (m)(3) of this standard;
    (ii) Except for intra-plant transfers, materials designated for disposal that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium must be cleaned to be as free as practicable of beryllium or placed in enclosures that prevent the release of beryllium-containing particulate or solutions under normal conditions of use, storage, or transport, such as bags or containers; and
    (iii) Except for intra-plant transfers, materials designated for recycling or reuse that contain at least 0.1 percent beryllium by weight or are contaminated with beryllium must be cleaned to be as free as practicable of beryllium or placed in enclosures that prevent the release of beryllium-containing particulate or solutions under normal conditions of use, storage, or transport, such as bags or containers.
    (k) Medical surveillance -- (1) General. (i) The employer must make medical surveillance required by this paragraph available at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable time and place, to each employee:
    (A) Who is or is reasonably expected to be exposed at or above the action level for more than 30 days per year;
    (B) Who shows signs or symptoms of CBD or other beryllium-related health effects;
    (C) Who is exposed to beryllium during an emergency; or
    (D) Whose most recent written medical opinion required by paragraph (k)(6) or (k)(7) of this standard recommends periodic medical surveillance.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that all medical examinations and procedures required by this standard are performed by, or under the direction of, a licensed physician.
    (2) Frequency. The employer must provide a medical examination:
    (i) Within 30 days after determining that:
    (A) An employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A), unless the employee has received a medical examination, provided in accordance with this standard, within the last two years; or
    (B) An employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(B) of this standard.
    (ii) At least every two years thereafter for each employee who continues to meet the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(A), (B), or (D) of this standard.
    (iii) At the termination of employment for each employee who meets any of the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this standard at the time the employee's employment terminates, unless an examination has been provided in accordance with this standard during the six months prior to the date of termination. Each employee who meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C) of this standard and who has not received an examination since exposure to beryllium during the emergency must be provided an examination at the time the employee's employment terminates.
    (iv) For an employee who meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C) of this standard:
    (A) If that employee has not received a medical examination within the previous two years pursuant to paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this standard, then within 30 days after the employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C) of this standard; or
    (B) If that employee has received a medical examination within the previous two years pursuant to paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this standard, then at least one year but no more than two years after the employee meets the criteria of paragraph (k)(1)(i)(C) of this standard.
    (3) Contents of examination. (i) The employer must ensure that the PLHCP conducting the examination advises the employee of the risks and benefits of participating in the medical surveillance program and the employee's right to opt out of any or all parts of the medical examination.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that the employee is offered a medical examination that includes:
    (A) A medical and work history, with emphasis on past and present airborne exposure to or dermal contact with beryllium, smoking history, and any history of respiratory system dysfunction;
    (B) A physical examination with emphasis on the respiratory system;
    (C) A physical examination for skin rashes;
    (D) Pulmonary function tests, performed in accordance with the guidelines established by the American Thoracic Society including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1);
    (E) A standardized BeLPT or equivalent test, upon the first examination and at least every two years thereafter, unless the employee is confirmed positive. If the results of the BeLPT are other than normal, a follow-up BeLPT must be offered within 30 days, unless the employee has been confirmed positive. Samples must be analyzed in a laboratory certified under the College of American Pathologists/Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) guidelines to perform the BeLPT.
    (F) A low dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan, when recommended by the PLHCP after considering the employee's history of exposure to beryllium along with other risk factors, such as smoking history, family medical history, sex, age, and presence of existing lung disease; and
    (G) Any other test deemed appropriate by the PLHCP.
    (4) Information provided to the PLHCP. The employer must ensure that the examining PLHCP (and the agreed-upon CBD diagnostic center, if an evaluation is required under paragraph (k)(7) of this standard) has a copy of this standard and must provide the following information, if known:
    (i) A description of the employee's former and current duties that relate to the employee's airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium;
    (ii) The employee's former and current levels of airborne exposure;
    (iii) A description of any personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators, used by the employee, including when and for how long the employee has used that personal protective clothing and equipment; and
    (iv) Information from records of employment-related medical examinations previously provided to the employee, currently within the control of the employer, after obtaining written consent from the employee.
    (5) Licensed physician's written medical report for the employee. The employer must ensure that the employee receives a written medical report from the licensed physician within 45 days of the examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard) and that the PLHCP explains the results of the examination to the employee. The written medical report must contain:
    (i) A statement indicating the results of the medical examination, including the licensed physician's opinion as to whether the employee has:
    (A) Any detected medical condition, such as CBD or beryllium sensitization (i.e., the employee is confirmed positive, as defined in paragraph (b) of this standard), that may place the employee at increased risk from further airborne exposure, and
    (B) Any medical conditions related to airborne exposure that require further evaluation or treatment.
    (ii) Any recommendations on:
    (A) The employee's use of respirators, protective clothing, or equipment; or
    (B) Limitations on the employee's airborne exposure to beryllium.
    (iii) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD or if the licensed physician otherwise deems it appropriate, the written report must also contain a referral for an evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center.
    (iv) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD the written report must also contain a recommendation for continued periodic medical surveillance.
    (v) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD the written report must also contain a recommendation for medical removal from airborne exposure to beryllium, as described in paragraph (l) of this standard.
    (6) Licensed physician's written medical opinion for the employer. (i) The employer must obtain a written medical opinion from the licensed physician within 45 days of the medical examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard). The written medical opinion must contain only the following:
    (A) The date of the examination;
    (B) A statement that the examination has met the requirements of this standard;
    (C) Any recommended limitations on the employee's use of respirators, protective clothing, or equipment; and
    (D) A statement that the PLHCP has explained the results of the medical examination to the employee, including any tests conducted, any medical conditions related to airborne exposure that require further evaluation or treatment, and any special provisions for use of personal protective clothing or equipment;
    (ii) If the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain any recommended limitations on the employee's airborne exposure to beryllium.
    (iii) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD or if the licensed physician otherwise deems it appropriate, and the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain a referral for an evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center.
    (iv) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD and the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain a recommendation for continued periodic medical surveillance.
    (v) If the employee is confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD and the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain a recommendation for medical removal from airborne exposure to beryllium, as described in paragraph (l) of this standard.
    (vi) The employer must ensure that each employee receives a copy of the written medical opinion described in paragraph (k)(6) of this standard within 45 days of any medical examination (including any follow-up BeLPT required under paragraph (k)(3)(ii)(E) of this standard) performed for that employee.
    (7) CBD diagnostic center. (i) The employer must provide an evaluation at no cost to the employee at a CBD diagnostic center that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee. The evaluation at the CBD diagnostic center must be scheduled within 30 days, and must occur within a reasonable time, of:
    (A) The employer's receipt of a physician's written medical opinion to the employer that recommends referral to a CBD diagnostic center; or
    (B) The employee presenting to the employer a physician's written medical report indicating that the employee has been confirmed positive or diagnosed with CBD, or recommending referral to a CBD diagnostic center.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that, as part of the evaluation, the employee is offered any tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician at the CBD diagnostic center, such as pulmonary function testing (as outlined by the American Thoracic Society criteria), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transbronchial biopsy. If any of the tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician are not available at the CBD diagnostic center, they may be performed at another location that is mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee.
    (iii) The employer must ensure that the employee receives a written medical report from the CBD diagnostic center that contains all the information required in paragraph (k)(5)(i), (ii), (iv), and (v) of this standard and that the PLHCP explains the results of the examination to the employee within 30 days of the examination.
    (iv) The employer must obtain a written medical opinion from the CBD diagnostic center within 30 days of the medical examination. The written medical opinion must contain only the information in paragraph (k)(6)(i), as applicable, unless the employee provides written authorization to release additional information. If the employee provides written authorization, the written opinion must also contain the information from paragraphs (k)(6)(ii), (iv), and (v), if applicable.
    (v) The employer must ensure that each employee receives a copy of the written medical opinion from the CBD diagnostic center described in paragraph (k)(7) of this standard within 30 days of any medical examination performed for that employee.
    (vi) After an employee has received the initial clinical evaluation at a CBD diagnostic center described in paragraphs (k)(7)(i) and (ii) of this standard, the employee may choose to have any subsequent medical examinations for which the employee is eligible under paragraph (k) of this standard performed at a CBD diagnostic center mutually agreed upon by the employer and the employee, and the employer must provide such examinations at no cost to the employee.
    (l) Medical removal. (1) An employee is eligible for medical removal, if the employee works in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level and either:
    (i) The employee provides the employer with:
    (A) A written medical report indicating a confirmed positive finding or CBD diagnosis; or
    (B) A written medical report recommending removal from airborne exposure to beryllium in accordance with paragraph (k)(5)(v) or (k)(7)(iii) of this standard; or
    (ii) The employer receives a written medical opinion recommending removal from airborne exposure to beryllium in accordance with paragraph (k)(6)(v) or (k)(7)(iv) of this standard.
    (2) If an employee is eligible for medical removal, the employer must provide the employee with the employee's choice of:
    (i) Removal as described in paragraph (l)(3) of this standard; or
    (ii) Remaining in a job with airborne exposure at or above the action level, provided that the employer provides, and ensures that the employee uses, respiratory protection that complies with paragraph (g) of this standard whenever airborne exposures are at or above the action level.
    (3) If the employee chooses removal:
    (i) If a comparable job is available where airborne exposures to beryllium are below the action level, and the employee is qualified for that job or can be trained within one month, the employer must remove the employee to that job. The employer must maintain for six months from the time of removal the employee's base earnings, seniority, and other rights and benefits that existed at the time of removal.
    (ii) If comparable work is not available, the employer must maintain the employee's base earnings, seniority, and other rights and benefits that existed at the time of removal for six months or until such time that comparable work described in paragraph (l)(3)(i) becomes available, whichever comes first.
    (4) The employer's obligation to provide medical removal protection benefits to a removed employee shall be reduced to the extent that the employee receives compensation for earnings lost during the period of removal from a publicly or employer-funded compensation program, or receives income from another employer made possible by virtue of the employee's removal.
    (m) Communication of hazards -- (1) General. (i) Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, and employers must comply with all requirements of the HCS (§1910.1200) for beryllium.
    (ii) In classifying the hazards of beryllium, at least the following hazards must be addressed: Cancer; lung effects (CBD and acute beryllium disease); beryllium sensitization; skin sensitization; and skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritation.
    (iii) Employers must include beryllium in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS. Employers must ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of beryllium and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of the HCS (§1910.1200) and paragraph (m)(4) of this standard.
    (2) Warning signs. (i) Posting. The employer must provide and display warning signs at each approach to a regulated area so that each employee is able to read and understand the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area.
    (ii) Sign specification. (A) The employer must ensure that the warning signs required by paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this standard are legible and readily visible.
    (B) The employer must ensure each warning sign required by paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this standard bears the following legend:
  DANGER
  REGULATED AREA
  BERYLLIUM
  MAY CAUSE CANCER
  CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS
  AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
  WEAR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT IN THIS AREA
    (3) Warning labels. Consistent with the HCS (§1910.1200), the employer must label each immediate container of clothing, equipment, and materials contaminated with beryllium, and must, at a minimum, include the following on the label:
  DANGER
  CONTAINS BERYLLIUM
  MAY CAUSE CANCER
  CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS
  AVOID CREATING DUST
  DO NOT GET ON SKIN
    (4) Employee information and training. (i) For each employee who has, or can reasonably be expected to have, airborne exposure to or dermal contact with beryllium:
    (A) The employer must provide information and training in accordance with the HCS (§1910.1200(h));
    (B) The employer must provide initial training to each employee by the time of initial assignment; and
    (C) The employer must repeat the training required under this standard annually for each employee.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that each employee who is, or can reasonably be expected to be, exposed to airborne beryllium can demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the following:
    (A) The health hazards associated with airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium, including the signs and symptoms of CBD;
    (B) The written exposure control plan, with emphasis on the location(s) of beryllium work areas, including any regulated areas, and the specific nature of operations that could result in airborne exposure, especially airborne exposure above the TWA PEL or STEL;
    (C) The purpose, proper selection, fitting, proper use, and limitations of personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators;
    (D) Applicable emergency procedures;
    (E) Measures employees can take to protect themselves from airborne exposure to and dermal contact with beryllium, including personal hygiene practices;
    (F) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program required by paragraph (k) of this standard including risks and benefits of each test to be offered;
    (G) The purpose and a description of the medical removal protection provided under paragraph (l) of this standard;
    (H) The contents of the standard; and
    (I) The employee's right of access to records under the Records Access standard (§1910.1020).
    (iii) When a workplace change (such as modification of equipment, tasks, or procedures) results in new or increased airborne exposure that exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed, either the TWA PEL or the STEL, the employer must provide additional training to those employees affected by the change in airborne exposure.
    (iv) Employee information. The employer must make a copy of this standard and its appendices readily available at no cost to each employee and designated employee representative(s).
    (n) Recordkeeping -- (1) Air monitoring data. (i) The employer must make and maintain a record of all exposure measurements taken to assess airborne exposure as prescribed in paragraph (d) of this standard.
    (ii) This record must include at least the following information:
    (A) The date of measurement for each sample taken;
    (B) The task that is being monitored;
    (C) The sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their accuracy;
    (D) The number, duration, and results of samples taken;
    (E) The type of personal protective clothing and equipment, including respirators, worn by monitored employees at the time of monitoring; and
    (F) The name and job classification of each employee represented by the monitoring, indicating which employees were actually monitored.
    (iii) The employer must ensure that exposure records are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (§1910.1020).
    (2) Objective data. (i) Where an employer uses objective data to satisfy the exposure assessment requirements under paragraph (d)(2) of this standard, the employer must make and maintain a record of the objective data relied upon.
    (ii) This record must include at least the following information:
    (A) The data relied upon;
    (B) The beryllium-containing material in question;
    (C) The source of the objective data;
    (D) A description of the process, task, or activity on which the objective data were based; and
    (E) Other data relevant to the process, task, activity, material, or airborne exposure on which the objective data were based.
    (iii) The employer must ensure that objective data are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (§1910.1020).
    (3) Medical surveillance. (i) The employer must make and maintain a record for each employee covered by medical surveillance under paragraph (k) of this standard.
    (ii) The record must include the following information about each employee:
    (A) Name and job classification;
    (B) A copy of all licensed physicians' written medical opinions for each employee; and
    (C) A copy of the information provided to the PLHCP as required by paragraph (k)(4) of this standard.
    (iii) The employer must ensure that medical records are maintained and made available in accordance with the Records Access standard (§1910.1020).
    (4) Training. (i) At the completion of any training required by this standard, the employer must prepare a record that indicates the name and job classification of each employee trained, the date the training was completed, and the topic of the training.
    (ii) This record must be maintained for three years after the completion of training.
    (5) Access to records. Upon request, the employer must make all records maintained as a requirement of this standard available for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, each employee, and each employee's designated representative(s) in accordance the Records Access standard (§1910.1020).
    (6) Transfer of records. The employer must comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in the Records Access standard (§1910.1020).
    (o) Dates -- (1) Effective date. This standard shall become effective March 10, 2017.
    (2) Compliance dates. (i) Obligations contained in paragraphs (c), (d), (g), (k), and (l) of this standard: March 12, 2018;
    (ii) Change rooms and showers required by paragraph (i) of this standard: March 11, 2019;
    (iii) Engineering controls required by paragraph (f) of this standard: March 10, 2020; and
    (iv) All other obligations of this standard: December 12, 2018.
    (p) Appendix. Table A.1 in this appendix sets forth the operations that, where performed under the circumstances described in the column heading above the particular operations, trigger the requirement for a beryllium work area.
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