Document ID: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0067-0021
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-11-17T05:00Z

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William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Sodium
Nitrate
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Sodium
Nitrate
(
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screeninglevel
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
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HEALTH
&
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DATA
SUMMARY
DOCUMENT
SODIUM
NITRATE
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Prepared
for:

THE
FERTILIZER
INSTITUTE
January
27,
2003
THE
WEINBERG
GROUP
INC.
1220
Nineteenth
St,
NW,
Suite
300
Washington,
DC
20036­
2400
e­
mail
science@
weinberggroup.
com
WASHINGTON
NEW
YORK
SAN
FRANCISCO
BRUSSELS
PARIS
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
PAGE
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LEFT
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Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE..........................................................................................................
7
SIDS
SUMMARY.................................................................................................................
8
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION....................................................................................
11
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA..............................................................................
15
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.....................................................
20
4.
ECOTOXICITY.........................................................................................................
22
5.
TOXICITY.................................................................................................................
29
6.
REFERENCES
..........................................................................................................
39
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Appendix
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category:
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
primarily
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
[
UAN]),
Urea,
Potassium
Nitrate,
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate,
and
Sodium
Nitrate
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
1
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
reference
texts,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physical­
chemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensible,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Nitrate
Compounds
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physicalchemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
nitrate
compounds
in
this
category
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
adequacy
of
the
data
to
sufficiently
characterize
the
category
and
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
sodium
nitrate
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
adequacy
relies
on
a
category
approach,
the
Data
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
one
or
more
of
the
other
materials
in
the
category
for
those
data
elements
where
no
sodium
nitrate
data
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
of
the
nitrate
compounds
in
the
category.
The
individual
1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
2
studies
for
sodium
nitrate
itself
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
each
of
the
nitrate
compounds
in
the
category.

II.
Rationale
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category
The
nitrate
compounds
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
ammonium
nitrate,
nitrogen
solutions
(
primarily
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
[
UAN]),
potassium
nitrate,
sodium
nitrate,
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
These
compounds
are
structurally
similar.
In
solution
these
compounds
all
dissociate
into
a
common
nitrate
ion:

To
this
base,
the
compounds
vary
according
to
the
simple
cation
present
(
i.
e.,
K+,
Na+,
NH4
+).
The
six
compounds
have
similar
and
generally
predictable
patterns
of
behavior
in
the
environment
as
well
as
toxicological
properties.
Nitrate
itself
is
less
toxicologically
important
than
is
nitrite.
Nitrate
is
reduced
to
nitrite
by
the
enzyme
nitrate
reductase
which
is
found
in
plants,
certain
bacterial
species,
and
mammalian
gastric
tissues
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
After
ingestion
nitrates
are
reduced
to
nitrites
by
bacteria
in
the
lower
intestine
of
the
adult
(
L'hirondel
and
L'hirondel
1998).
In
babies,
it
is
this
nitrite
that
can
lead
to
a
condition
called
methemoglobinemia
("
blue
baby
syndrome")
(
Burden
1961).

In
addition
to
methemoglobinemia,
some
evidence
indicates
a
possible
formation
of
N­
nitroso
compounds
in
foods
and
in
tissues
that
contain
excess
nitrates/
nitrites
(
Chow
et
al.
1980).
Nnitroso
compounds
(
e.
g.,
nitrosamines)
are
known
to
be
potent
mutagens/
carcinogens
(
Lijinksy
and
Epstein
1970;
Magee
and
Barnes
1967).
However,
the
quantities
of
nitrosamines
formed
in
mammals
from
nitrates
in
food
are
negligible
and
all
of
the
epidemiological
studies
published
since
1985
concluded
that
there
is
no
positive
correlation
between
nitrate
intakes
and
the
incidence
of
cancer
(
Al­
Dabbagh
et
al.
1986;
Forman
et
al.
1985;
Leclerc
et
al.
1991;
Lijinsky
1989;
Lijinksy
and
Epstein
1970;
Magee
and
Barnes
1967).
In
fact,
some
evidence
suggests
that
nitrates
in
foods
may
actually
play
an
anti­
carcinogenic
role
(
Lijinsky
1989).

In
aquatic
systems,
the
toxicity
of
the
various
nitrate
materials
is
at
least
partially
related
to
the
cationic
composition
of
the
solution,
although
the
available
data
suggest
that
aquatic
toxicity
is
not
a
major
concern
(
Rubin
and
Elmaraghy
1977).

In
terrestrial
systems,
nitrate
absorbed
by
plants
is
reduced
to
nitrite
by
the
enzyme
nitrate
reductase
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
The
nitrite
will
be
further
reduced
only
when
photosynthesis
and
carbohydrate
synthesis
are
active
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
Under
drought
conditions,
frost
and
shading,
or
deficiencies
of
other
nutrients,
each
of
which
reduce
photosynthesis
and
biosynthesis
of
protein,
nitrate
continues
to
be
absorbed
and
may
accumulate
in
plant
tissue
(
Owens
and
Dubeski
1989).
Under
most
conditions,
however,
the
nitrate
ion
will
leach
into
the
soil
pore
water
and
become
indistinguishable
from
the
natural
nitrate
already
present.
O
N'

O
O
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
3
III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category
Physical­
Chemical
Data
The
density
of
nitrate
compounds
varies
from
0.75­
2.109
g/
mL.
All
nitrate
compounds
are
highly
soluble
in
water
with
solubility
ranging
from
357­
1,920
g/
L
at
20­
25
°
C.
Although
few
vapor
pressure
values
are
available,
based
on
the
fact
that
these
compounds
are
solids,
it
may
be
concluded
that
they
have
low
volatility.
Very
low
octanol/
water
partitioning
coefficients
indicate
a
low
bioaccumulation
potential.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Nitrate
compounds
biodegrade
in
the
environment
under
certain
conditions.
Their
high
solubility
and
expected
low
volatility
suggest
that
they
are
present
mostly
in
aqueous
solutions.
While
the
cation
may
bind
to
clay
particles
in
the
soil,
the
nitrate
anion
may
show
significant
leaching
to
ground
water.
Nitrate
is
subject
to
plant
uptake
and
loss
from
the
ecosystem
in
runoff
waters
or
by
denitrification.

Ecotoxicity
The
acute
96­
hour
LC50
values
for
fish
range
from
327
mg
NO3/
L
to
greater
than
9,300
mg
NO3/
L.
In
addition,
acute
fish
toxicity
studies
were
conducted
on
nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate
under
Good
Laboratory
Practice
(
GLP)
conditions.
The
resultant
LC50
values
were
greater
than
approximately
100
mg/
L,
the
highest
concentrations
tested.
Acute
studies
with
Daphnia
magna
resulted
in
EC50
values
ranging
from
300
to
2,614
mg
NO3/
L.
Chronic
toxicity
studies
on
aquatic
invertebrates
resulted
in
NOEC
values
of
300
mg/
L
and
TLm
values
of
327­
880
mg
NO3/
L.
Algal
toxicity
studies
resulted
in
EC50
values
from
83
to
1,233
mg
NO3/
L.
The
available
ecotoxicity
data
indicate
nitrate
compounds
have
relatively
low
toxicity
to
terrestrial
plants.
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
practically
non­
toxic.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
4
Mammalian
Toxicity
Acute
toxicity
The
acute
oral
LD50
values
for
mammals
were
reported
as
1,166
mg
NO3/
kg
bw
(
potassium
nitrate)
and
up
to
5,200
mg/
kg
bw
for
most
of
the
remaining
nitrate
compounds.
In
addition,
acute
oral
toxicity
studies
were
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
for
UAN
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
Results
of
the
acute
oral
toxicity
studies
for
both
materials
confirmed
that
they
were
of
low
toxicity
concern
(
LD50
values
>
2000
mg/
kg.
An
acute
inhalation
study
using
ammonium
nitrate
reported
an
LC50
of
>
88.8
mg/
L,
while
a
similar
study
with
dogs
reported
an
NOEC
of
5
mg
NO3/
m3
(
the
only
dose
tested).
Acute
dermal
studies
were
also
conducted
under
GLP
conditions.
The
resultant
LD50s
were
>
5000
mg/
kg
bw
for
both
ammonium
nitrate
and
potassium
nitrate.
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Genotoxicity
All
nitrate
compounds
tested
negative
for
mutagenicity
using
in
vitro
bacterial
tests.
Positive
responses
were
observed
at
high
doses
(
7.2
mg/
mL)
in
in
vitro
chromosome
aberration
studies
with
sodium
nitrate
only.
In
vivo
assays
were
generally
negative
except
for
sodium
nitrate
at
very
high
doses
(
706
mg
NO3/
kg).

Repeated
dose
and
developmental
toxicity
Repeat
dose
studies
on
ammonium
nitrate,
potassium
nitrate,
and
sodium
nitrate
indicate
that
materials
in
the
nitrate
category
are
of
low
acute
toxicity.
Developmental
or
teratogenic
toxicity
was
not
observed
for
any
of
the
three
nitrate
materials
for
which
data
were
available.
A
new
repeat
dose
study
on
potassium
nitrate
has
been
conducted
using
the
OECD
Guideline
422
protocol
under
GLP
conditions.
This
study
provides
data
for
three
different
endpoints:
repeat
dose
toxicity,
reproductive
toxicity,
and
developmental
toxicity.
Results
demonstrate
no
adverse
effects
on
general
toxicity,
reproductive,
or
developmental
endpoints.
The
resultant
NOAEL
was
1,500
mg/
kg/
day.

IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
5
Substantial
literature
data
were
available
for
the
fertilizer
materials
comprising
the
nitrate
compounds
category.
The
exceptions
were
nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate
for
which
no
specific
data
were
available.
However,
UAN
is
an
aqueous
solution
of
ammonium
nitrate
and
urea
while
potassium
sodium
nitrate
is
a
simple
blend
of
potassium
nitrate
and
sodium
nitrate.
Extensive
data
are
available
for
those
base
materials
and
are
therefore
applicable
for
characterization
of
the
mixtures.
In
addition,
aquatic
and
mammalian
acute
studies
were
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
to
provide
specific
information
on
UAN
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
Additional
studies
were
also
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
on
ammonium
nitrate
and
potassium
nitrate
to
further
characterize
these
key
materials
in
the
category.
The
existing
data,
and
the
results
from
the
additional
studies,
adequately
characterize
the
nitrate
compounds
category.
5
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
primarily
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
document.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
6
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Al­
Dabbagh,
S.,
Forman,
D.,
Bryson,
D.,
Stratton,
I.
and
Doll,
R.
1986.
Mortality
of
nitrate
fertilizer
workers.
British
Journal
of
Industrial
Medicine.
43:
507­
515.

Burden,
E.
H.
W.
J.
1961.
The
toxicology
of
nitrates
and
nitrites
with
particular
reference
to
the
potability
of
water
supplies.
The
Analyst.
86(
1024):
429­
433.

Chow,
C.
K.,
Chen,
C.
J.
and
Gairola,
C.
1980.
Effect
of
nitrate
and
nitrite
in
drinking
water
in
rats.
Toxicology
Letters.
6:
199­
206.

Forman,
D.,
Al­
Dabbagh,
S.
and
Doll,
R.
1985.
Nitrates,
nitrites
and
gastric
cancer
in
Great
Britain.
Nature.
313(
6004):
620­
625.

Leclerc,
H.,
Vincent,
P.
and
Vandevenne,
P.
1991.
Nitrates
in
drinking
water
and
cancer.
Bull.
Acad.
Natl.
Med.
175(
4):
651­
666.

L'hirondel,
J.,
L'hirondel,
J.
L.
1998.
Nitrates
and
Man:
The
Myth
of
Their
Toxicity.

Lijinsky,
W.
and
Epstein,
S.
S.
1970.
Nitrosamines
as
environmental
carcinogens.
Nature
225(
227):
21­
23.

Lijinsky,
W.
1989.
Environmental
cancer
risks
 
real
and
unreal.
Environmental
Research
50:
207­
209.

Magee,
P.
N.
and
Barnes,
J.
M.
1967.
Carcinogenic
nitroso
compounds.
Adv.
Cancer
Res.
10:
163­
264.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

Owens,
F.
N.
and
Dubeski,
P.
1989.
Nitrate
toxicity
in
ruminants.
ASAS
Production
&
Management
Symposium.

Rubin,
A.
J.
and
Elmaraghy,
G.
A.
1977.
Studies
on
the
toxicity
of
ammonia,
nitrate
and
their
mixtures
to
guppy
fry.
Water
Research
11:
927­
935.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gove/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.
7
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
7631­
99­
4
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Sodium
nitrate
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Sodium
nitrate
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
NaNO3
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
Not
applicable
1.5
QUANTITY
50,000
 
100,000
tonnes
per
annum
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Fertilizer,
manufacture
of
enamels
for
pottery,
matches,
catalyst
in
manufacture
of
sulfuric
acid,
in
pickling
meats
1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Low
human
exposure
is
expected
because
sodium
nitrate
is
manufactured
in
closed
systems.
Exposure
to
dusts
is
possible
during
fertilizer
application.
ISSUES
FOR
DISCUSSION
No
further
testing
is
needed.
The
data
for
sodium
nitrate
should
be
evaluated
in
combination
with
the
other
materials
in
the
nitrate
category.
8
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2003
SODIUM
NITRATE
(
CAS
NO.
7631­
99­
4)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
308
°
C;
307
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
380
°
C
at
760
mm
Hg
2.3
Density
2.26
g/
cm3
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Not
expected
to
volatilize
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
Guideline
107
­
3.8
at
25
°
C
2.6A
Water
Solubility
874
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
value
7
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Does
not
burn
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
at
high
temperatures
or
contact
with
reducing
agents
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.13
Additional
Data
See
text
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.2
Distribution
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
0.001%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.076%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Biodegradable
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
nitrate
category.
9
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
SODIUM
NITRATE
(
CAS
NO.
7631­
99­
4)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill)
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill)
Oncorhynchus
tshawtscha
(
chinook
salmon)

Salmo
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
96
hrs
24­
hrs
96­
hrs
+
LC50
>
8,753
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
9,331
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
freshwater,
salmon)
=
5,800
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
15
ppt
salinity,
salmon)
=
4,400
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
freshwater,
trout)
=
6,000
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
15
ppt
salinity,
trout)
=
4,650
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48­
hrs
TLm
=
3,581
mg
NaNO3/
L
Various
penaeid
shrimp
Penaeus
monodon
larvae
Crassostrea
virginica
and
Mercenaria
mercenaria
48­
hrs
40­
hrs
96­
hrs
LC50
=
3,400
mg
NO3
­
N/
L
NOEC
=
2,000
mg
NO3
­
N/
L
LC50
>
100
mg
NO3/
L
LC50
(
C.
virginica)
=
15,810
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults);
23,040
mg
NO3/
L
(
juveniles)
LC50
(
M.
mercenaria)
>
19,840
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults
and
juveniles)
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
Toxicity
threshold
=
1,233
mg
NO2
­/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Amphiprion
oscellaris
3
months
%
survival
in
larvae
(
lownitrate
system)
=
37%
%
survival
in
larvae
(
high­
nitrate
system)
=
34%
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Penaeus
monodon
3
 
5
weeks
LC50
>
200
mg
NO3
­
N/
L
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Coturnix
coturnix
japonica
(
Japanese
quail)
7­
days
to
15­
weeks
LC100
=
5,280
ppm
(
by
day
3
post
treatment)
LC100
=
5,940
ppm
(
by
day
4
post
treatment)

*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
nitrate
category.
10
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
SODIUM
NITRATE
(
CAS
NO.
7631­
99­
4)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rabbit
Rat
LD50
=
2680
mg/
kg/
bw
LD50
=
1267,
3236,
3430,
and
5200
mg/
kg/
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
Dog,
sheep
7.5
minutes
to
4­
hrs
NOEC
(
dog)
=
5
mg/
m3
NOEC
(
sheep)
=
1
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,
Other
Routes
Dogs
i.
v.;
60­
minutes
NOEC
=
100
mg
NaNO3
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
Corrosion
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
Rat
Rat
6
weeks
14
months
MTD
=
5%
in
the
diet
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
Salmonella
typhimurium
Chinese
hamster
ovary
cells
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Chromosome
aberration
test
Negative
Positive
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Swiss
mice
and
Wistar
rats
Mice
Micronucleus
assay
Mouse
germ
cells
Positive
Positive
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Rats
104­
weeks
Not
significantly
different
from
controls
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Beagle
dog
Two­
generation
study
No
significant
adverse
effects
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat,
Mouse,
Rabbit,
Syrian
hamster
No
significant
adverse
effects
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
Readily
absorbed
and
excreted
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
nitrate
category.
11
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
CAS
number
7631­
99­
4
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Sodium
nitrate
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Sodium
nitrate
D.
CAS
Descriptor
Not
applicable
E.
EINECS
Number
231­
554­
3
F.
Molecular
Formula
NNaO3
G.
Structural
Formula
NaNO3
SMILES:
[
Na]
O(
N(=
O)=
O)

H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
I.
Substance
Remark
Not
applicable
J.
Molecular
Weight
84.99
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
B.
Lead
Organization
Name
of
Lead
Organization:
Not
applicable
C.
Name
of
Responder
Name:
Mr.
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
DC
20002
USA
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202)
962­
0577
12
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
];
solid
[
X]

C.
Purity
Fertilizer
grade
usually
99.5
 
99.8%
purity
Reference:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publisher,
The
Netherlands.

1.2
SYNONYMS
Nitric
acid,
sodium
salt
Nitrate
of
soda
Soda
niter
Chile
saltpeter
Niter
Cubic
niter
1.3
IMPURITIES
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
None
identified
1.5
QUANTITY
Remarks:
50,000­
100,000
tonnes
per
annum.
52,370
tonnes
produced
in
the
US
in
1982.
In
1994,
it
was
reported
that
the
US
imported
100,000
tonnes
per
annum.
References:
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
DOT
Labeling
Hazard
class:
5.1
Labels
required:
Oxidizer
(
UN1498)

NFPA
Rating
Health:
1
(
slight
hazard)
13
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Fire:
0
(
no
hazard)
Reactivity:
3
(
serious
hazard)
Specific:
Oxidizer
Remarks:
Sodium
nitrate
is
a
strong
oxidizer.
Contact
with
other
materials
may
result
in
fire.
Decomposes
explosively
when
heated
to
very
high
temperatures
(>
1000
°
F).
Sensitive
to
mechanical
impact.
References:
1)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
2)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.
3)
Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.

1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
use
industrial
Agricultural
industry
use
Fertilizer
(
b)
main
Non
dispersive
use
industrial
Chemical
industry
use
Manufacture
enamels
for
pottery,
in
matches,
catalyst
in
manufacture
of
sulfuric
acid,
in
pickling
meats
Reference:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publisher,
The
Netherlands.

B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
Remarks:
Sodium
nitrate
is
a
direct
and
indirect
food
additive.
References:
Hazardous
Substances
Databank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
14
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
Exposure
limit
value
Type:
OSHA
PEL
Value:
15
mg/
m3
total
dust;
5
mg/
m3
respirable
fraction.
Remark:
No
specific
limit
has
been
set,
however,
the
federal
OSHA
PEL
for
particulates
not
otherwise
regulated
applies
to
all
fertilizer
dusts.
Regulated
limits
may
vary
in
local
jurisdictions.

Short
term
exposure
limit
value
Remarks:
No
TLV
has
been
established.
Reference:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.

1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Sodium
nitrate
can
be
absorbed
into
the
body
by
inhalation
of
its
aerosol
and
by
ingestion,
although
significant
human
and
environmental
exposures
during
manufacture
are
unlikely
if
the
process
is
well
managed.
Engineering
controls
such
as
mechanical
ventilation,
process
or
personnel
enclosure,
control
of
process
conditions,
and
process
modifications
significantly
reduce
exposure.
Local
exhaust
(
ventilation)
control
as
close
to
the
point
of
generation
is
both
the
most
economical
and
safest
method
to
minimize
personnel
exposure
to
airborne
concentrations.
Personal
protective
equipment
includes
neoprene
or
nitrile
gloves,
dusk
masks
or
fume
hoods
as
appropriate,
chemical
safety
goggles,
and
impervious
apron,
sleeves
and
boots.
Field
exposure
to
workers
is
possible
when
handling
and
using
on
farms
as
a
fertilizer.
However,
fertilizers
are
applied
by
mechanical
spreaders,
which
reduces
contact
exposure.
Environmental
releases
are
controlled
at
the
manufacturing
plant.
Gaseous
emissions
are
low
due
to
use
of
scrubbers
and
liquid
effluent
is
recovered
as
much
as
possible.
Exposure
to
environmental
receptors
is
dependent
on
the
amount
used
as
fertilizer
on
fields,
the
climatic
conditions,
and
the
hydrological
conditions
of
the
area
of
application.
Nitrate
materials
are
common
in
the
environment
and
are
essential
nutrients
for
both
plants
and
animals.
15
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
2)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
3)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
4)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
Remarks:
Sodium
nitrate
must
be
disposed
of
in
accordance
with
federal,
state,
and
local
environmental
control
regulations.
For
spills,
seep
spilled
substance
into
plastic
or
glass
containers,
wash
away
remainder
with
plenty
of
water.
References:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.

2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
MELTING
POINT
Value:
308;
307
°
C
Decomposition:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
(
ed).
1996.
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
1999.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
12th
ed.
New
York:
CRC
Press.

2.2
BOILING
POINT
Value:
380
°
C
Pressure:
760
mm
Hg
Method:
Not
described
16
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Decomposes
at
380
°
C
References:
1)
ECDIN
1999.
Nitric
acid
sodium
salt.
No.
0034349.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.

2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)

Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
2.26
g/
cm3
Temperature:
20
°
C
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
1999.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
12th
ed.
New
York:
CRC
Press.

2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
No
data
available.
Would
not
be
expected
to
volatilize
to
a
significant
degree.

2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
Log
Pow:
­
3.8
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Calculated
[
];
Measured
[
X]
OECD
Guideline
107
"
Partition
Coefficient
(
noctanol
water),
flask
shaking
method"
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Remarks:
Study
conducted
by
BASF
and
reported
in
IUCLID.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
A.
Solubility
Value:
874
g/
L;
909
g/
L;
545
g/
L
Temperature:
20
°
C;
25
°
C;
100oC
Description:
Miscible
[
];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
17
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Slightly
soluble
in
ethanol
and
methanol.
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
1999.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
12th
ed.
New
York:
CRC
Press.

B.
pH
Value
pH
Value:
7
Concentration:
aqueous
solution
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
1999.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
12th
ed.
New
York:
CRC
Press.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Not
applicable
to
solids
2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Does
not
burn,
but
may
increase
the
flammability
of
combustible
materials.
References:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.

2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Results:
Extremely
flammable
[
];
Extremely
flammable
 
liquified
gas
[
];
Highly
flammable
[
];
Flammable
[
];
Non
flammable
[
];
Spontaneously
flammable
in
air
[
];
Contact
with
water
liberates
highly
flammable
gases
[
];
Other
[
X]
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Not
flammable,
but
may
increase
the
flammability
of
combustible
substances.
18
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
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19
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
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References:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.

2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Results:
Explosive
under
influence
of
a
flame
[
];
More
sensitive
to
friction
than
m­
dinitrobenzene
[
];
More
sensitive
to
shock
than
m­
dinitrobenzene
[
];
Not
explosive
[
];
Other
[
X]
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
May
explode
when
heated
to
over
1000oC.
Risk
of
explosion
on
contact
with
reducing
agents.
References:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.

2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Remark:
Sodium
nitrate
is
a
strong
oxidizer.
References:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.
4)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publisher,
The
Netherlands.

2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
No
data
available
20
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
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7631­
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2.13
ADDITIONAL
DATA
Remarks:
Sodium
nitrate
can
be
stored
and
shipped
in
bulk
under
conditions
of
low
humidity,
but
should
be
packed
in
moisture­
resistant
bags
when
intended
for
use
in
damp
or
tropical
climates.
It
decomposes
on
heating
producing
nitrogen
oxides
and
oxygen,
which
increases
fire
hazard.
It
should
be
kept
separate
from
incompatibles,
combustibles,
organic
or
other
readily
oxidizable
materials.
References:
1)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
2)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.
3)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publisher,
The
Netherlands.

3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
3.1
STABILITY
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
Photodegradation
is
not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism.
Sodium
nitrate
is
highly
soluble
in
water
and
nonvolatile.

3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
Sodium
nitrate
is
highly
soluble
in
water
and
stable
to
hydrolytic
degradation.
References:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
3)
NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.
21
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
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7631­
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4
3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
There
is
extensive
literature
on
nitrification
and
denitrification
by
microorganisms
in
soil.
Sodium
ions
bind
to
clay
particles
and
leach
slowly
or
not
at
all
to
ground
water,
whereas
the
nitrate
can
leach
significantly.

3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)

No
specific
monitoring
data
available
because
nitrate
is
present
naturally
in
the
environment.

3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Remarks:
Nitrate
is
not
bound
to
soil
and
will
follow
water
movements.

3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Method:
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
Mass
distribution
by
Environmental
compartment:
Air:
<
0.001%
Water:
45.3%
Soil:
54.7%
Sediment:
0.076%
References:
USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
Nitrate
is
converted
to
nitrogen
via
denitrification
(
NO3
­
 
NO2).
22
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
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3.5
BIODEGRADATION
Type:
Probability
of
rapid
biodegradation
Results:
Readily
biodeg.
[
X];
Inherently
biodeg.
[
];
Under
test
condition
no
biodegradation
observed
[
];
Other
[
]
Method:
estimated
using
EPIWINV.
3.10
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
Remarks:
The
probability
of
rapid
biodegradation
according
to
the
linear
and
non­
linear
models
were
0.7071
and
0.8584,
respectively.
According
to
the
primary
survey
model,
biodegradation
of
the
parent
compound
takes
days
to
weeks.
The
ultimate
survey
model
estimated
that
complete
biodegradation
takes
weeks.
References:
USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
No
data
available
3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remark:
Does
not
bioaccumulate
4.
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
X];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
];
Open­
system
[
];
Closed­
system
[
X]
Species:
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill)
Exposure
period:
96­
hours
Results:
LC50
(
96­
h)
>
12,000
mg
NaNO3/
L
(>
8,753
mg
NO3/
L)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Five
gallon
glass
jars
containing
20­
L
of
distilled
water
were
placed
in
a
constant
temperature
tank
at
20oC.
Ten
fish
were
placed
in
each
container
and
tests
were
run
in
duplicate
for
every
concentration.
Concentrations
ranged
from
10,000
to
13,500
mg
NaNO3/
L.
The
pH
ranged
from
7.30
to
8.78.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Analytical
grade
sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
No
fish
died
at
10,000
mg/
L.
23
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
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References:
Trama,
F.
B.
1954.
The
acute
toxicity
of
some
salts
of
sodium,
potassium
and
calcium
to
the
common
bluegill
(
Lepomis
macrochirus
Rafinesque).
Proc.
Acad.
Nat.
Sci.
Philadelphia
106:
185­
205.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
];
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill)
Exposure
period:
24­
hours
Results:
TLm
(
24­
h;
standard
reference
water)
=
12,800
mg
NaNO3/
L
(
9,331
mg
NO3/
L)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Bioassays
were
conducted
with
methods
of
Freeman,
L.
1953.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
A
similar
value
was
obtained
for
Carassius
carassius
(
goldfish).
References:
1)
Dowden,
B.
F.
and
Bennett,
H.
J.
1965.
Toxicity
of
selected
chemicals
to
certain
animals.
J.
Water
Pollut.
Control
Fed.
37(
9):
1308­
1316.
2)
Freeman,
L.
1953.
A
standardized
method
for
determining
toxicity
of
pure
compounds
to
fish.
Sewage
and
Industrial
Wastes.
25(
7):
845.

(
c)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
];
Open­
system
[
];
Closed­
system
[
]
(
Not
stated)
Species:
Oncorhynchus
tshawtscha
(
chinook
salmon),
Salmo
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
Exposure
period:
96
hours
+
Results:
TLm
(
96­
h;
freshwater,
salmon)
=
5,800
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
96­
h;
15
ppt
salinity,
salmon)
=
4,400
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
96­
h;
freshwater,
trout)
=
6,000
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
96­
h;
15
ppt
salinity,
trout)
=
4,650
mg
NO3/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Standard
bioassay
methods
as
outlined
by
American
Public
Health
Association
were
followed.
Each
container
contained
10
fish.
Controls
were
run
concurrently
with
each
toxicity
environment.
Experiments
were
run
in
both
freshwater
and
at
15
ppt
salinity.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
Nitrate
at
15
ppt
salinity
was
statistically
more
active
than
in
freshwater
according
to
relative
potency
calculations.
Increased
exposure
time
(
7­
days)
increased
mortality
slightly
among
salmon
and
trout
in
both
freshwater
and
15
ppt
tests.
All
trout
subjected
to
nitrate
24
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
concentrations
showed
acute
signs
after
2­
d
exposure;
these
signs
were
not
observed
in
the
lower
nitrate
concentrations
of
the
chinook
experiments
until
after
5­
to
8­
d.
Signs
included
an
inability
to
swim
upright,
labored
respiration,
and
little
movement
altered
by
erratic
swimming.
Death
usually
followed
a
period
of
laying
at
the
bottom
of
the
container
with
opercular
movements
the
only
sign
of
life.
References:
Westin,
D.
T.
1974.
Nitrate
and
nitrite
toxicity
to
salmonoid
fishes.
The
Progressive
Fish­
Culturist.
36(
2):
86­
89.

(
d)
Remarks:
The
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
for
sodium
nitrate
reports
many
additional
studies.
In
all
cases,
no
significant
toxicity
to
fish
was
observed.
Reference:
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
A.
Daphnia
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
Exposure
period:
48­
hours
Results:
TLm
(
48­
h;
University
Lake
water)
=
3,581
mg
NaNO3/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Bioassays
were
conducted
with
methods
of
Anderson,
B.
G.
et
al.
1948.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
References:
1)
Anderson,
B.
G.,
Andrews,
T.
F.,
Chandler,
D.
G.,
and
Jahoda,
W.
J.
1948.
The
Evaluation
of
Aquatic
Invertebrates
as
Assay
Organisms
for
the
Determination
of
the
Toxicity
of
Industrial
Wastes.
Report
of
the
Ohio
State
University
Research
Foundation
to
the
American
Petroleum
Institute,
New
York.
2)
Dowden,
B.
F.
and
Bennett,
H.
J.
1965.
Toxicity
of
selected
chemicals
to
certain
animals.
J.
Water
Pollut.
Control
Fed.
37(
9):
1308­
1316.

B.
Other
aquatic
organisms
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test);
[
X]
Unknown
25
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Species:
Various
penaeid
shrimp
Exposure
period:
48
hours
Results:
LC50
=
3,400
mg
NO3­
N/
L
NOEC
=
2,000
mg
NO3­
N
/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
Reported
in
IUCLID
data
sheet
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Unknown
Species:
Penaeus
monodon
larvae
Exposure
period:
40
hours
Results:
LC50
>
100
mg
NO3/
L;
Average
percent
survival
in
the
control,
1,
10
and
100
mg
NO3/
L
experiments
were
80,
66,
61
and
53%,
respectively.
No
significant
differences
in
survival
between
1
and
10
mg
NO3/
L
or
10
and
100
mg
NO3/
L
were
observed.
Survival
at
1
mg
NO3/
L
was
lower
than
the
controls,
but
was
not
significantly
different
statistically.
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Shrimp
larvae
at
the
protozoea
I
stage
(
55
to
60
hrs
after
hatching)
were
exposed
to
sodium
nitrate
at
1,
10
and
100
mg
NO3/
L
and
a
control.
At
the
beginning
of
the
experiments,
15
actively
swimming
larvae
were
transferred
into
250
mL
Erlenmeyer
beakers
holding
150
mL
of
seawater.
These
beakers
were
incubated
in
a
rotary
shaker
(
28
°
C,
90
rpm)
for
40
hours,
after
which
the
number
of
surviving
larvae
in
each
treatment
was
determined.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
Substance:
Sodium
nitrate
Remarks:
Some
variation
in
survival
was
observed
between
experiments,
probably
due
to
slight
differences
in
the
hatching
conditions
and/
or
natural
variability.
Reference:
Muir,
P.
R.,
Sutton,
D.
C.,
and
Owens,
L.
1991.
Nitrate
toxicity
to
Peneaus
monodon
protozoea.
Marine
Biology
108:
67­
71.

(
c)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Unknown
Species:
Crassostrea
virginica
and
Mercenaria
mercenaria
Exposure
period:
96
hours
Results:
LC50
(
C.
virginica)
=
15,810
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults);
23,040
mg
NO3/
L
(
juveniles)
26
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
LC50
(
M.
mercenaria)
>
19,840
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults
and
juveniles)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Adult
or
juvenile
oysters
or
clams
were
placed
in
glass
aquaria
containing
30L
of
seawater
at
20
°
C
and
20 
salinity.
Each
duplicate
aquarium
for
each
concentration
received
gentle
but
continuous
aeration
and
10
oysters
or
clams.
Criteria
for
death
were
gaping
of
the
valves
and
lack
of
response
to
mechanical
stimulation
of
exposed
body
parts.
After
96­
hrs
of
exposure,
surviving
individuals
were
transferred
to
clean
seawater
for
a
24­
hr
recovery
period.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
Substance:
Sodium
nitrate
Remarks:
Both
oysters
and
clams
exhibit
a
high
tolerance
to
sodium
nitrate
exposure.
Reference:
Epifanio,
C.
E.
and
Srna,
R.
F.
1975.
Toxicity
of
ammonia,
nitrite
ion,
nitrate
ion,
and
orthophosphate
to
Mercenaria
mercenaria
and
Crassostrea
virginica.
Marine
Biology
33:
241­
246.

4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
(
a)
Species:
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
(
green
algae)
Endpoint:
Biomass
[
];
Growth
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
Exposure
period:
7­
days
Results:
Toxicity
threshold
=
1,233
mg
NO2
­/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Two
parallel
dilution
series
were
prepared.
Each
of
the
dilutions
contains
1
part
v/
v
of
the
pollutant
solution
in
1
to
214
parts
v/
v
of
mixture.
The
concentration
of
the
algal
suspension
was
measured
turbidimetrically.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrite
(
NaNO2
­)
Remarks:
The
toxicity
threshold
is
the
concentration
at
which
the
mean
extinction
value
is
the
>
3%
below
the
mean
extinction
value
for
non­
toxic
dilutions
in
the
series.
Results
indicate
limited
toxicity
of
the
test
material,
which
was
sodium
nitrite.
References:
Bringmann,
G.
and
Kuhn,
R.
1980.
Comparison
of
the
toxicity
thresholds
of
water
pollutants
to
bacteria,
algae,
and
protozoa
in
the
cell
multiplication
inhibition
test.
Water
Research.
14:
231­
241.

4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
No
data
available
27
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Type
of
test:
Static
[
];
Semi­
static
[
X];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Amphiprion
ocellaris
(
anemone
fish)
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
];
Weight
of
fish
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
Exposure
period:
3
months
Results:
%
survival
in
larvae
(
21­
days;
low­
nitrate
system)
=
37%
%
survival
in
larvae
(
21­
days;
high­
nitrate
system)
=
34%
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Three
57­
L
glass
aquariums
were
used
for
juvenile
fish
and
two
38­
L
aquariums
were
used
for
the
larvae.
Aquariums
were
equipped
with
bottom
filters.
The
high­
nitrate
system
was
spiked
with
NaNO3
over
10­
days
to
achieve
a
concentration
of
~
100
mg
NO3­
N/
L.
The
average
concentration
in
the
low­
nitrate
system
was
16.1
mg
NO3­
N/
L
and
in
the
high­
nitrate
system
was
99.2
mg
NO3­
N/
L.
Two
juvenile
tanks
in
each
system
were
stocked
with
21
fish
aged
72­
weeks,
and
the
third
tank
was
stocked
with
six
fish
aged
40­
days.
After
the
test
concentration
of
nitrate­
N
was
reached,
two
tanks
in
each
system
were
stocked
with
50
newly­
hatched
larvae.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
The
effects
of
elevated
nitrate
were
most
pronounced
in
larvae.
Growth
was
inhibited
in
the
high­
nitrate
group.
Histological
examination
of
juveniles
at
33­
and
84­
d
were
normal
for
both
groups.
The
only
abnormal
results
were
found
in
post­
larvae
that
experienced
delayed
metamorphosis.
They
showed
evidence
of
tubular
necrosis
and
destruction
of
the
kidneys.
References:
Frakes,
T.
and
Hoff,
Jr.,
F.
H.
1982.
Effect
of
high
nitrate­
N
on
the
growth
and
survival
of
juvenile
and
larval
anemone
fish,
Amphiprion
ocellaris.
Aquaculture.
29:
155­
158.

4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Remarks:
The
growth
of
Penaeus
monodon
was
not
affected
after
3­
5
weeks
exposure
to
concentrations
over
200
mg
NO3­
N/
L.
Growth
and
survival
of
Macrobracherim
rosenbergii
were
affected
after
3
weeks
of
similar
levels
28
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
of
nitrate.
Growth
and
survival
LC50
values
were
175
and
160
mg
NO3­
N/
L,
respectively.
Data
summary
as
reported
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
for
Sodium
Nitrate.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
No
data
available
4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
No
data
available
4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Species:
Coturnix
coturnix
japonica
(
Japanese
quail)
Endpoint:
Mortality
[
X];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Weight
[
];
Other
[
X]
Exposure
period:
7­
days
to
15­
weeks
Results:
LC100
=
5,280
ppm
(
by
day
3
post
treatment)
LC100
=
5,940
ppm
(
by
day
4
post
treatment)
Method:
In
three
experiments,
triplicate
groups
of
20­,
30­,
and
20­
day
old
quail,
respectively,
were
randomly
distributed
into
battery
brooders
and
given
well
water
with
sodium
nitrate.
Experiments
were
terminated
after
7
days.
For
a
fourth
experiment,
triplicate
groups
of
15
quail
were
given
various
levels
of
nitrate
in
their
drinking
water
from
1­
day
old
to
15
weeks
of
age,
to
determine
the
effects
from
nitrate
on
growth,
mortality,
food
and
water
consumption,
and
egg
production.
Quail
were
exposed
to
various
nitrate
concentrations
ranging
from
660
to
5940
ppm.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
Levels
of
nitrate
had
a
significant,
but
inconsistent
effect
on
weight
gain.
Neither
food
nor
water
consumption
during
growing
or
laying
phases
nor
hen­
day
egg
production
were
significantly
affected
by
levels
of
nitrate
used.
References:
Adams,
A.
W.
1974.
Effects
of
nitrate
in
drinking
water
of
Japanese
quail.
Poultry
Science.
53(
2):
832­
834.
29
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)

No
data
available
4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
No
data
available
4.9
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
No
further
remarks
5.
TOXICITY
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Value:
2680
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Not
described
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
References:
Dollahite,
J.
W.
and
Rowe,
L.
D.
1974.
The
Southwestern
Veterinarian.
27:
246­
248
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000,
DOSE
database,
RTECS).

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Value:
1267,
3236,
3430,
and
5200
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Using
standard
methods
for
rat
acute
studies.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
Results
of
separate
studies
reported
in
cited
references.
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
2)
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
of
Chemical
Substances
(
RTECS).
1999.
Sodium
nitrate.
National
Technical
Information
Service,
Springfield,
VA.
30
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
Dog,
sheep
Exposure
period:
7.5
minutes
to
4­
hours
Value:
NOEC
(
dog)
=
5
mg/
m3
NOEC
(
sheep)
=
1
mg/
m3
Method:
Sodium
nitrate
solution
of
0.1,
0.5,
and
1.0%
gave
aerosol
concentrations
of
0.9,
5,
and
11
mg/
m3.
Mongrel
dogs
weighing
13
to
55
kg
were
used
in
the
experiments.
In
the
first
experiment
series,
one
group
of
five
dogs
breathed
aerosol
generated
from
0.1%
solution
of
sodium
nitrate.
Measurements
were
made
up
until
180
minutes
after
termination
of
the
aerosol
exposure.
The
animals
then
breathed
aerosols
of
1%
solutions
for
7.5
minutes.
In
a
third
set
of
experiments,
dogs
were
exposed
to
aerosols
generated
from
0.5%
solutions
of
sodium
nitrate
administered
over
a
4
hour
period.
Conscious
sheep
were
exposed
to
aerosols
generated
from
0.1%
solutions
of
sodium
nitrate,
for
20
minutes.
Groups
of
six
sheep
were
used
for
these
exposures.
In
another
series
of
experiments,
groups
of
six
sheep
breathed
aerosols
generated
from
a
0.5%
solution
of
sodium
nitrate
for
4
hours.
A
control
group
breathed
room
air.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
The
breathing
of
1
and
5
mg/
m3
sodium
nitrate
aerosol
for
7.5
minutes
did
not
significantly
alter
total
respiratory
resistance,
functional
residual
capacity,
lung
compliance,
specific
lung
compliance,
and
specific
respiratory
conductance
in
dogs.
The
breathing
of
5
mg/
m3
for
4­
h
did
not
effect
any
cardiopulmonary
parameters
in
dogs.
The
breathing
of
1
and
0.9
mg/
m3
revealed
no
significant
changes
in
tracheal
mucous
velocity
after
20­
m
of
exposure
in
sheep.
References:
Sackner,
M.
A.,
Dougherty,
R.
D.,
Chapman,
G.
A.,
Zarzecki,
S.,
Zarzemski,
L.,
and
Schreck,
R.
1979.
Effects
of
sodium
nitrate
aerosol
on
cardiopulmonary
function
of
dogs,
sheep,
and
man.
Environmental
Research.
18:
421­
436.

5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
No
data
available
31
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
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99­
4
5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
];
LCL0
[
];
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
Dogs
Route
of
Administration:
i.
m.
[
];
i.
p.
[
];
i.
v.
[
X];
Infusion
[
];
s.
c.
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
60­
minutes
Value:
NOEC
=
100
mg
NaNO3
Method:
The
experiments
involved
taking
measurements
after
intravenous
injection
of
1
mg
of
sodium
nitrate
into
a
group
of
five
dogs.
Measurements
were
taken
over
a
60
minute
period.
The
same
experiment
was
repeated
using
10
mg
followed
by
an
experiment
with
100
mg.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
Intravenous
injection
of
1,
10,
and
100
mg
sodium
nitrate
did
not
significantly
affect
respiratory
resistance,
lung
compliance,
specific
lung
compliance,
pulmonary
arterial
pressure,
systemic
arterial
pressure,
cardiac
output,
heart
rate,
stroke
volume,
and
arterial
blood
gases.
References:
Sackner,
M.
A.,
Dougherty,
R.
D.,
Chapman,
G.
A.,
Zarzecki,
S.,
Zarzemski,
L.,
and
Schreck,
R.
1979.
Effects
of
sodium
nitrate
aerosol
on
cardiopulmonary
function
of
dogs,
sheep,
and
man.
Environmental
Research.
18:
421­
436.

5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
No
data
available
5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
No
data
available
5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
No
data
available
32
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Fischer
344
rats
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Diet
Exposure
period:
6
weeks
Frequency
of
treatment:
ad
libitum
Dose:
1.25,
2.5,
5,
10
and
20%
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
It
was
determined
that
the
maximum
tolerated
dose
of
sodium
nitrate
was
5%
in
the
diet.
Method:
A
total
of
240
5­
week
old
rats
were
divided
into
groups
of
ten
male
and
ten
female
rats.
The
control
group
was
given
basic
diet
only.
All
groups
were
given
tap
water
freely.
All
animals
were
observed
daily
during
the
experimental
period.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
Remarks:
This
study
provided
the
MTD
for
a
subsequent
carcinogenicity
study
also
reported.
Sodium
nitrite
was
also
tested.
References:
Maekawa,
A.,
Ogiu,
T.,
Onodera,
H.,
Furuta,
K.,
Matsouka,
C.,
Ohno,
Y.,
and
Odashima,
S.
1982.
Carcinogenicity
studies
of
sodium
nitrite
and
sodium
nitrate
in
F­
344
rats.
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
20:
5­
33.

(
b)
Species/
Strain:
Sprague­
Dawley
rats
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Drinking
Water
Exposure
period:
14
months
Frequency
of
treatment:
ad
libitum
Dose:
4,000
mg/
L
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
Nitrate
had
a
moderate
effect
on
plasma
vitamin
E
level
and
the
incidence
of
pulmonary
lesions.
No
difference
in
methemoglobin
level
was
observed
between
the
nitrate
treated
and
control
animals.
Method:
Two
month
old
male
rats
maintained
on
a
commercial
diet
containing
vitamin
E
were
given
water
that
contained
either
0,
2,000,
or
4,000
mg/
L
sodium
nitrate.
Tail
blood
samples
were
collected
every
other
week
to
measure
the
level
of
methemoglobin.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
33
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Remarks:
The
toxic
action
of
nitrate
is
generally
attributed
in
part
to
its
transformation
to
nitrite
by
the
action
of
certain
microbes.
In
this
experiment,
animals
exposed
to
nitrite
in
the
drinking
water
showed
a
greater
effect
on
methemoglobin
levels.
Reference:
Chow,
C.
K.,
Chen,
C.
J.,
and
Gairola,
C.
1980.
Effect
of
nitrate
and
nitrite
in
drinking
water
on
rats.
Toxicology
letters.
6:
199­
206.

5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
System
of
testing:
Salmonella
typhimurium
TA92,
TA1535,
TA100,
TA1537,
TA94,
TA98,
TA1530,
G46
Concentration:
Various
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
See
remarks
Method:
Standard
Ames
test
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
Remarks:
Results
reported
from
various
sources.
Results
were
generally
negative
under
aerobic
conditions.
In
one
study
under
anaerobic
conditions,
the
result
was
positive,
primarily
due
to
reduction
of
nitrate
to
nitrite
and/
or
nitroso
compounds.
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
2)
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
3)
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
of
Chemical
Substances
(
RTECS).
1999.
Sodium
nitrate.
National
Technical
Information
Service,
Springfield,
VA.

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
(
a)
Type:
Chromosome
aberration
test
System
of
testing:
Chinese
hamster
ovary
calls
Concentration:
7200
mg/
L
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
34
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Results:
Sodium
nitrate
tested
positive
in
a
chromosome
aberration
test.
The
dose
that
had
the
maximum
effect
was
7.2
mg/
mL.
Method:
A
sub­
line
of
a
Chinese
hamster
fibroblast
cell
line
was
used.
The
doubling
time
was
estimated
at
18.2­
h
at
their
exponential
growth
at
37o
in
a
5%
CO2
atmosphere.
Growth
inhibition
and
chromosome
aberration
tests
were
performed
on
the
cells.
Positive
result
may
be
related
to
reduction
of
nitrate
or
nitroso
compounds.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
Twenty­
two
percent
had
chromatid
gaps,
chromatid
or
chromosomal
breaks,
translocation,
or
fragmentation.
Sodium
nitrate
was
not
mutagenic,
no
conclusion
was
made
regarding
its
carcinogenicity.
References:
Ishidate,
Jr.,
M.
and
Odashima,
S.
1977.
Chromosome
tests
with
134
compounds
on
Chinese
hamster
cells
in
vitro
 
a
screening
for
chemical
carcinogens.
Mutation
Research.
48:
337­
354.

5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
(
a)
Type:
Micronucleus
assay
Species/
strain:
Swiss
mice
and
Wistar
rats
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Intragastrically
Exposure
period:
Twice
in
24
hours
Doses:
78.5,
235.5,
706.6
and
2,120
mg
NO3/
kg
bw.
Results:
See
remarks
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
[
X]
[
]
[
]
Method:
Mice
12­
14
weeks
of
age
and
rats
10­
12
weeks
of
age
were
housed
at
18­
19oC.
The
animals
were
divided
into
5
groups
of
10
rats
and
8
mice
each.
The
four
treatment
groups
received
doses
of
78.5,
235.5,
706.6,
or
2,120
mg
NO3/
kg.
Four
rats
and
all
mice
from
each
group
were
intragastrically
treated
twice,
with
an
interval
of
24­
hours,
with
sodium
nitrate.
For
micronuclei
evaluation,
mice
were
killed
6­
hours
after
the
second
administration;
for
chromosomal
aberration
analysis,
animals
were
killed
24­
h
after
the
second
administration.
The
daily
toxic
administration
was
continued
for
2­
weeks
in
the
other
rats.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
After
acute
exposure
to
nitrate,
no
significant
difference
between
the
frequency
of
chromosomal
aberrations
in
the
exposed
and
control
groups
was
detected
in
either
rats
or
mice
with
the
exception
of
mice
receiving
a
dose
35
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
of
706.6
mg
NO3/
kg.
Rats
treated
for
two
weeks
had
significant
increases
in
aberrant
metaphases.
The
frequency
of
micronucleated
polychromatic
erythrocytes
increased
significantly
only
at
the
lower
doses
of
nitrate.
This
occurrence
was
probably
masked
at
the
higher
doses
by
the
invasion
of
the
marrow
by
peripheral
blood,
which
probably
indicates
a
cytotoxic
effect
of
the
nitrate
in
the
marrow.
References:
Luca,
D.,
Raileanu,
L.,
Luca,
V.,
and
Duda,
R.
1985.
Chromosomal
aberrations
and
micronuclei
in
rat
and
mouse
bone
marrow
cells
by
sodium
nitrate.
Mutation
Research.
155:
121­
125.

(
b)
Type:
In
vivo
genotoxicity
in
mouse
germ
cells
Species/
strain:
C3H
x
101
male
mice
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Stomach
Intubation
Exposure
period:
14
days
Doses:
600
and
1,200
mg
NaNO3/
kg/
day;
60
and
120
mg
NaNO2/
kg/
day
Results:
1,200
mg
NaNO3/
kg/
day
was
determined
as
the
maximum
dose
tolerated
or
the
highest
dose
at
which
all
animals
survived.
Sex
chromosomal
univalency
and
abnormal
sperm­
head
frequency
were
significantly
higher
at
both
doses
compared
to
controls.
No
heritable
translocations,
sperm
abnormalities,
or
morphological
changes
were
demonstrated
in
F1
males
originating
from
treated
P1
males.
Method:
Mature
F1
male
and
female
mice
(
10­
12
weeks
old)
were
used.
Animals
were
exposed
to
600
or
1,200
mg
NaNO3/
kg/
day
or
60
or
120
mg
NaNO2/
kg/
day
over
14­
days.
Each
treatment
group
consisted
of
25
males.
The
males
were
then
mated
with
2
virgin
females.
Remarks:
At
1,200
mg
NaNO3/
kg/
day,
there
was
a
reduction
in
fertility
and
litter
size,
but
the
difference
was
not
statistically
significant.
References:
Alavantic,
D.,
Sunjevaric,
I.,
Pecevski,
J.,
Bozin,
D.,
and
Cerovic,
G.
1988.
In
vivo
genotoxicity
of
nitrate
and
nitrites
in
germ
cells
for
male
mice.
I.
Evidence
for
gonadal
exposure
and
lack
of
heritable
effects.
Mutation
Research.
204:
689­
695.

5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Fischer­
344
rats
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
X];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Diet
Exposure
period:
104­
weeks
36
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
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Frequency
of
treatment:
ad
libitum
Post
exposure
observation
period:
21
weeks
Doses:
2.5%,
5.0%
in
the
diet
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
No.
with
tumors
(
0%
;
male)
=
47
(
94%)
No.
with
tumors
(
0%;
female)
=
46
(
92%)
No.
with
tumors
(
2.5%;
male)
=
50
(
100%)
No.
with
tumors
(
2.5%;
female)
=
43
(
86%)
No.
with
tumors
(
5%;
male)
=
48
(
96%)
No.
with
tumors
(
5%;
female)
=
39
(
80%)
Method:
The
rats
were
housed
four
to
a
cage
and
were
maintained
at
25oC.
Sodium
nitrate
was
administered
in
the
diet.
Experiments
began
when
the
rats
were
8­
w
old.
The
animals
were
divided
into
groups
comprising
50
male
and
50
female
rats.
The
experimental
groups
were
given
diets
containing
2.5%
or
5%
(
maximum
tolerated
dose
determined
from
subchronic
study)
of
sodium
nitrate
ad
libitum
for
2­
years.
Rats
in
the
control
group
were
given
a
basic
diet
without
nitrate.
Administration
of
chemicals
was
stopped
at
week
104.
Observation
was
continued
until
week
123
when
all
survivors
were
killed.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
special
grade
reagent;
purity
99.5%
Remarks:
The
incidence
of
tumors
was
nearly
100%
in
all
male
groups
in
the
nitrate
study.
There
was
a
reverse
doseeffect
relationship
in
the
incidence
of
tumors
in
the
females.
In
all
groups
of
males,
tumors
of
the
testis
were
the
most
frequent,
followed
by
those
of
the
mammary
gland,
adrenal
gland,
and
liver.
Tumors
of
the
mammary
gland,
pituitary
gland,
uterus,
and
adrenal
gland
were
those
detected
most
frequently
in
the
female
rats.
None
of
the
treatment
groups
showed
a
significant
increase
in
the
incidence
of
any
specific
tumor
compared
with
the
control.
However,
there
was
a
significant
reduction
in
the
incidence
of
tumors
of
the
haematopoietic
organs
in
the
experimental
groups
relative
to
the
control.
There
was
no
significant
difference
in
the
incidence
of
malignant
tumors
between
experimental
and
control
groups.
References:
Maekawa,
A.,
Ogiu,
T.,
Onodera,
H.,
Furuta,
K.,
Matsuoka,
C.,
Ohno,
Y.,
and
Odashima,
S.
1982.
Carcinogenicity
studies
of
sodium
nitrite
and
sodium
nitrate
in
F­
344
rats.
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
22:
25­
33.
37
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
(
b)
Remarks:
The
DOSE
database
summarizes
carcinogenicity
studies
conducted
on
sodium
nitrate.
Male
and
female
rats
were
exposed
orally
for
2
years
to
0,
0.1,
1.0,
5.0
or
10%
sodium
nitrate.
There
was
no
evidence
of
significant
adverse
effects
or
increase
in
tumor
incidence
(
Lehman
1958).
In
another
study,
male
and
female
MRC­
derived
rats
were
exposed
orally
for
84
wks
to
0.0
or
0.5%
sodium
nitrate
and
euthanized
20
weeks
later.
Statistically
significant
differences
in
tumor
incidence
were
observed
(
Lijinsky
et
al.
1973).
Male
and
female/
GR
mice
were
exposed
orally
to
0,
25,000,
or
50,000
mg/
kg
for
their
lifespan.
No
difference
in
tumor
incidence
was
observed
(
Sugiyama
et
al.
1979).
References:
1)
Lehman,
A.
J.
Q.
1958.
Bull
Assoc.
Food
Drug
Off.
22:
136­
138.
2)
Lijinsky,
W.
et
al.
1973.
J.
Natl.
Cancer
Inst.
50:
1061­
1063.
3)
Sugiyama,
K.
et
al.
1979.
Acta
Scholae
Med.
Univ.
Gifu.
27:
1­
6.

5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Type:
Fertility
[
];
One­
generation
study
[
X];
Two­
generation
study
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Beagle
dog
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Drinking
water
Exposure
period:
16
months
Frequency
of
treatment:
continuously
in
drinking
water
Doses:
300,
600
and
1,000
mg/
L
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
No
indication
of
significant
adverse
effect
on
development,
fertilization
or
hypothyroidism
was
observed.
Method:
Beagle
dogs
were
given
sodium
nitrate
continuously
in
the
drinking
water
for
16
months.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
As
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
References:
Kelley,
S.
T.,
et
al.
1974.
Toxicol.
Appl.
Pharmcol.
27:
200­
203.

5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Species/
strain:
Wistar
rat,
CD­
1
mouse,
Dutch
rabbit,
Syrian
hamster
Sex:
Female
[
X];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
38
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Route
of
Administration:
Gavage
Duration
of
the
test:
14­
29
days
Exposure
period:
6­
18
days
Frequency
of
treatment:
daily
Doses:
2.5
to
400
mg/
kg
bw.
depending
on
species
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
Results
for
the
four
species
were
similar.
In
most
cases,
no
maternal
toxicity,
fetal
toxicity,
or
teratogenic
effects
were
observed.
No
significant
effects
on
body
weight,
fetal
malformation,
or
other
parameters
was
noted.
Method:
Fifteen
to
27
females
of
various
test
animals
were
exposed
to
sodium
nitrate
via
gavage
for
up
to
29
days.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
nitrate
(
NaNO3)
Remarks:
These
studies
were
reported
in
IUCLID
and
cited
a
1972
NTIS
Document
(
PB­
221
775).
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
Type:
Metabolism
and
toxicokinetics
Remarks:
When
ingested,
it
is
readily
absorbed
from
the
proximal
small
intestine
and
following
absorption
is
rapidly
distributed
throughout
the
body
in
both
experimental
animals
and
humans.
In
rats
given
oral
doses
of
55%
of
(
15)
N­
labeled
compound,
it
excreted
unchanged
in
the
urine
and
11%
was
excreted
as
urea
and
ammonia
in
urine
and
feces,
leaving
approximately
35%
unaccounted
for.
In
humans
given
sodium
nitrate
orally,
65­
70%
was
excreted
in
the
urine;
excretion
was
maximal
at
approximately
5
hours.
and
completed
with
18
hours.
Excretion
has
been
reported
to
follow
first­
order
kinetics
with
an
elimination
half­
life
of
approximately
5
hours.
All
data
as
cited
in
DOSE
database.
References:
1)
Balish,
E.
et
al.
1981.
Banbury
Report
No.
7
pp.
305­
319.
2)
Bartholomew,
B.
A.
et
al.
1984.
Food
Chem.
Toxicol.
22:
789­
795.
3)
Green,
L.
C.
et
al.
1981.
Proc.
Natl.
Acad.
Sci.
78:
7764­
7768.
4)
Schultz,
D.
S.
et
al.
1985.
Carcinogenesis.
6:
847­
852.
39
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Nitrate
as
such
does
not
produce
methemoglobinemia.
Sodium
nitrate
is
rapidly
absorbed
and
excreted
unchanged,
causing
few
reactions
other
than
diuresis
and
catharsis.
Under
some
circumstances,
appreciable
amounts
of
nitrate
are
converted
to
nitrite.
One
example
is
drinking
water
from
wells
that
are
heavily
contaminated
with
nitrates
and
coliform
bacteria.
Methemoglobinemia
is
particular
to
children
who
have
not
yet
developed
the
HCl
in
their
stomachs.
Signs
of
toxicity
following
ingestion
include
dizziness,
abdominal
cramps,
vomiting,
bloody
diarrhea,
a
muscular
weakness,
convulsions,
accelerated
heart
rate,
dyspnea
and
collapse.
In
severe
cases,
progressive
cyanosis
may
occur,
first
visible
as
a
bluish
discoloration
of
the
mucus
membranes
and
leading
to
torpor,
coma,
and
death.
Reference:
Hazardous
Substances
Databank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

6.
REFERENCES
Adams,
A.
W.
1974.
Effects
of
nitrate
in
drinking
water
of
Japanese
quail.
Poultry
Science.
53(
2):
832­
834.

Alavantic,
D.,
Sunjevaric,
I.,
Pecevski,
J.,
Bozin,
D.,
and
Cerovic,
G.
1988.
In
vivo
genotoxicity
of
nitrate
and
nitrites
in
germ
cells
for
male
mice.
I.
Evidence
for
gonadal
exposure
and
lack
of
heritable
effects.
Mutation
Research.
204:
689­
695.

Anderson,
B.
G.,
Andrews,
T.
F.,
Chandler,
D.
G.,
and
Jahoda,
W.
J.
1948.
The
Evaluation
of
Aquatic
Invertebrates
as
Assay
Organisms
for
the
Determination
of
the
Toxicity
of
Industrial
Wastes.
Report
of
the
Ohio
State
University
Research
Foundation
to
the
American
Petroleum
Institute,
New
York.

Balish,
E.
et
al.
1981.
Banbury
Report
No.
7
pp.
305­
319.

Bartholomew,
B.
A.
et
al.
1984.
Food
Chem.
Toxicol.
22:
789­
795.

Bringmann,
G.
and
Kuhn,
R.
1980.
Comparison
of
the
toxicity
thresholds
of
water
pollutants
to
bacteria,
algae,
and
protozoa
in
the
cell
multiplication
inhibition
test.
Water
Research.
14:
231­
241.

Budavari,
S.
(
ed).
1996.
Merck
Index.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.;
BASF
AG.

Chow,
C.
K.,
Chen,
C.
J.,
and
Gairola,
C.
1980.
Effect
of
nitrate
and
nitrite
in
drinking
water
on
rats.
Toxicology
letters.
6:
199­
206.
40
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Nitrate
CAS
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99­
4
Dollahite,
J.
W.,
and
Rowe,
L.
D.
1974.
The
Southwestern
Veterinarian.
27:
246­
248
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996,
DOSE
database,
RTECS).

Dowden,
B.
F.
and
Bennett,
H.
J.
1965.
Toxicity
of
selected
chemicals
to
certain
animals.
J.
Water
Pollut.
Control
Fed.
37(
9):
1308­
1316.

ECDIN
1999.
Nitric
acid
sodium
salt.
No.
0034349.

Epifanio,
C.
E.
and
Srna,
R.
F.
1975.
Toxicity
of
ammonia,
nitrite
ion,
nitrate
ion,
and
orthophosphate
to
Mercenaria
mercenaria
and
Crassostrea
virginica.
Marine
Biology
33:
241­
246.

European
Commission.
2000.
Sodium
Nitrate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

Frakes,
T.
and
Hoff,
Jr.,
F.
H.
1982.
Effect
of
high
nitrate­
N
on
the
growth
and
survival
of
juvenile
and
larval
anemone
fish,
Amphiprion
ocellaris.
Aquaculture.
29:
155­
158.

Freeman,
L.
1953.
A
standardized
method
for
determining
toxicity
of
pure
compounds
to
fish.
Sewage
and
Industrial
Wastes.
25(
7):
845.

Green,
L.
C.
et
al.
1981.
Proc.
Natl.
Acad.
Sci.
78:
7764­
7768.

Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Sodium
Nitrate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Ishidate,
Jr.,
M.
and
Odashima,
S.
1977.
Chromosome
tests
with
134
compounds
on
Chinese
hamster
cells
in
vitro
 
a
screening
for
chemical
carcinogens.
Mutation
Research.
48:
337­
354.

Kelley,
S.
T.,
et
al.
1974.
Toxicol.
Appl.
Pharmcol.
27:
200­
203
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996).

Lehman,
A.
J.
Q.
1958.
Bull
Assoc.
Food
Drug
Off.
22:
136­
138.

Lide,
D.
R.
(
Ed.).
1999.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chem.
&
Physics
12th
Ed.

Lijinsky,
W.
et
al.
1973.
J.
Natl.
Cancer
Inst.
50:
1061­
1063.

Luca,
D.,
Raileanu,
L.,
Luca,
V.,
and
Duda,
R.
1985.
Chromosomal
aberrations
and
micronuclei
in
rat
and
mouse
bone
marrow
cells
by
sodium
nitrate.
Mutation
Research.
155:
121­
125.

Maekawa,
A.,
Ogiu,
T.,
Onodera,
H.,
Furuta,
K.,
Matsuoka,
C.,
Ohno,
Y.,
and
Odashima,
S.
1982.
Carcinogenicity
studies
of
sodium
nitrite
and
sodium
nitrate
in
F­
344
rats.
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
22:
25­
33.

Mallinckrodt
Baker,
Inc.
1999.
MSDS:
Sodium
Nitrate.
No.
S4442.
41
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Muir,
P.
R.,
Sutton,
D.
C.,
and
Owens,
L.
1991.
Nitrate
toxicity
to
Peneaus
monodon
protozoea.
Marine
Biology
108:
67­
71.

NIOSH,
IPCS,
International
Chemical
Safety
Cards
(#
0185).
Sodium
Nitrate.

Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
of
Chemical
Substances
(
RTECS).
1999.
Sodium
nitrate.
National
Technical
Information
Service,
Springfield,
VA.

Sackner,
M.
A.,
Dougherty,
R.
D.,
Chapman,
G.
A.,
Zarzecki,
S.,
Zarzemski,
L.,
and
Schreck,
R.
1979.
Effects
of
sodium
nitrate
aerosol
on
cardiopulmonary
function
of
dogs,
sheep,
and
man.
Environmental
Research.
18:
421­
436.

Sax,
I.
and
Lewis,
R.
1994.
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials.
8th
ed.
New
York:
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold.

Schultz,
D.
S.
et
al.
1985.
Carcinogenesis.
6:
847­
852.
Bartholomew,
B.
A.
et
al.
1984.
Food
Chem.
Toxicol.
22:
789­
795.

Sugiyama,
K.
et
al.
1979.
Acta
Scholae
Med.
Univ.
Gifu.
27:
1­
6.

Trama,
F.
B.
1954.
The
acute
toxicity
of
some
salts
of
sodium,
potassium
and
calcium
to
the
common
bluegill
(
Lepomis
macrochirus
Rafinesque).
Proc.
Acad.
Nat.
Sci.
Philadelphia
106:
185­
205.

United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publisher,
The
Netherlands.

USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

Westin,
D.
T.
1974.
Nitrate
and
nitrite
toxicity
to
salmonoid
fishes.
The
Progressive
Fish­
Culturist.
36(
2):
86­
89.
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
APPENDIX
A
 
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Sodium
Nitrate.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
generally
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
DATE:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
No:
7631­
99­
4
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.2
Boiling
Point
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.3
Density
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.5
Partition
Coefficient
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
2.6
Water
Solubility
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
pH
and
pKa
Values
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.9
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.2
Monitoring
Data
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
3.5
Biodegradation
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.3
Toxicity
to
Algae
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Birds
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
No:
7631­
99­
4
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity
by
Other
Routes
of
Administration
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.8
Reproduction
Toxicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.9
Development/
Teratogenicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.11
Human
Experience
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
APPENDIX
B
 
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Nitrate
Compounds
Category:
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Potassium
Nitrate,
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate,
and
Sodium
Nitrate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
169.6oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
210oC
2.3
Density
1.725
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
15
hPa
at
20oC
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
3.1
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,920
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
=
5.43
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
under
high
temperature
or
strong
shocks
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.12
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
0.251%
to
air
45.4%
to
water
54.2%
to
soil
0.0757%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Readily
biodegraded
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
48
hrs
LC50
=
1.15
 
1.72
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
103
mg/
L
Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
96
hrs
LC50
=
420
 
1,360
mg
NO3/
L
Pimephalas
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
between
100
and
500
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Bullia
digitalis
Up
to
7
days
NOEC
=
300
mg/
L
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,800
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,462
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,950
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
4,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LC50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.065
mg
NH4NO3
 
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Moderately
irritating
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
Inhalation;
2
weeks
NOAEL
=
185
mg/
m3
Rat
Inhalation;
4
weeks
NOAEL
=
1
mg/
m3
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
5.7
Carcinogenicity
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrogen
Solution
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
NOAEL
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
51.0
Additional
Information
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
344oC
308oC;
307oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
400oC
at
760
mm
Hg
380oC
at
760
mm
Hg
2.3
Density
2.109
g/
mL
at
16oC
2.26
g/
cm3
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
1.39x10­
15
hPa
at
25oC
Not
expected
to
volatilize
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
­
0.79
at
25oC
OECD
107
­
3.8
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
357
g/
L
at
25oC
874
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
~
7
at
25oC
pH
=
7
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Does
not
burn
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
on
contact
with
reducing
agents
and/
or
impact.
May
explode
at
high
temperatures
or
contact
with
reducing
agents
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
Strong
oxidizer
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
Does
not
photodegrade
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.2
Distribution
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
8.34x10­
9
%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
0.001%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.076%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Biodegradable
Biodegradable
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
=
1,839
mg
NO3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
98.9
mg/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
>
8,753
mg
NO3/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
24
hrs
TLm
=
9,331
mg
NO3/
L
Oncorhynchus
tshawtscha
96
hrs
+
TLm
(
freshwater,

salmon)
=
5,800
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
15
ppt
salinity,
salmon)
=

4,400
mg
NO3/
L
Salmo
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
TLm
(
freshwater,

trout)
=
6,000
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
(
15
ppt
salinity,
trout)
=

4,650
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
TLm
=
300
mg
NO3/
L
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
TLm
=
3,581
mg
NaNO3/
L
Various
penaeid
shrimp
48
hrs
LC50
=
3,400
mg
NO3­
N/
L
NOEC
=
2,000
mg
NO3­
N/
L
Penaeus
monodon
larvae
40
hrs
LC50
>
100
mg
NO3/
L
Crassostrea
virginica
96
hrs
LC50
=
15,810
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults);

23,040
mg
NO3/
L
(
juveniles)

Mercenaria
mercenaria
96
hrs
LC50
>
19,840
mg
NO3/
L
(
adults
and
juveniles)

4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
See
text
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
Toxicity
threshold
=
1,233
mg
NO2­/
L
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Amphiprion
oscellaris
3
months
%
survival
in
larvae
(
low­
nitrate
system)
=
37%

%
survival
in
larvae
(
high­
nitrate
system)
=
34%

4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Nereis
grubei
Neanthes
arenaceodentata
Dorvilliea
articulata
Capitella
capita
TLm
=
327
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
496
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
880
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
713
mg
NO3/
L
Penaeus
monodon
3
 
5
weeks
LC50
>
200
mg
NO3
 
N/
L
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Coturnix
coturnix
japonica
(
Japanese
quail)
7
days
to
15
weeks
LC100
=
5,280
ppm
(
by
day
3
post
treatment)

LC100
=
5,940
ppm
(
by
day
4
post
treatment)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
3,750
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rabbit
LD50
=
2,680
mg/
kg
bw
Rabbit
LD50
=
1,166
NO3/
kg
Rat
LD50
=
1,267,

3,236,
3,430,
and
5,200
mg/
kg
bw
Cow,
Sheep
Lethal
dose
(
cow)

=
75­
140
mg
NO3
­

N/
kg
Lethal
dose
(
sheep)
=
70
mg
NO3
­
N/
kg
Goat
LD100
=
1,000­

1,500
mg/
kg
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Dog,
sheep
7.5
minutes
to
4
hrs
NOEC
(
dog)
=
5
mg/
m3
NOEC
(
sheep)
=
1
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Dogs
i.
v.;
60
minutes
NOEC
=
100
mg
NaNO3
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
6
weeks
MTD
=
5%
in
the
diet
Rat
14
months
See
text
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutations
assay
Negative
Bacillus
subtilis
recombination
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovary
cells
Chromosome
aberration
test
Positive
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
NITRATES
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Sodium
Nitrate
CAS
#
7631­
99­
4
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat
10
weeks
Negative
Swiss
mice
and
Wistar
rats
Micronucleus
assay
Positive
Mice
Mouse
germ
cells
Positive
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Rats
104
weeks
Not
significantly
different
from
controls
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Beagle
dog
Two­
generation
study
No
significant
adverse
effects
Guinea
pig
One­
generation
study
NOAEL
Parental
=

10,000
ppm
NOAEL
F1
Offspring
=
10,000
ppm
Rat
Two­
generation
study
NOAEL
Parental
=

2.5%

5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat,
Mouse,

Rabbit,

Syrian
hamster
No
significant
adverse
effects
Mouse
Oral;
10
day
exposure
NOAEL
>
400
mg/
kg
bw
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
Readily
absorbed
and
excreted
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3