Document ID: EPA-R05-OAR-2012-0467-0001
Agency: epa
Document Type: Proposed Rule
Title: Proposed Approvals of the PM 2.5 Clean Data Determination for Southeast Michigan (Detroit)
Posted Date: 2012-07-05T04:00Z

[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 129 (Thursday, July 5, 2012)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 39659-39662]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2012-16438]

[[Page 39659]]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R05-OAR-2012-0467; FRL-9697-1]

Proposed Approval of Air Quality Implementation Plan; Michigan; 
Determination of Attainment of the 1997 Annual and 2006 24-Hour Fine 
Particle Standards for the Detroit-Ann Arbor Nonattainment Area

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to make three determinations under the Clean 
Air Act (CAA) regarding the fine particle (PM2.5) 
nonattainment area of Detroit-Ann Arbor, Michigan (Livingston, Macomb, 
Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne Counties) (Detroit-Ann 
Arbor area). EPA is proposing to determine that the Detroit-Ann Arbor 
area has attained both the 1997 annual PM2.5 National 
Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and the 2006 24-hour 
PM2.5 NAAQS. These proposed determinations of attainment are 
based upon complete, quality-assured, and certified ambient air 
monitoring data for 2009-2011 showing that the area has monitored 
attainment of the 1997 annual and 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS. 
Preliminary data available for 2012 indicate that the area continues in 
attainment of the 1997 annual and the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 
NAAQS. If these proposed determinations are made final, the 
requirements for the Detroit-Ann Arbor area to submit an attainment 
demonstration, associated reasonably available control measures (RACM) 
to include reasonably available control technology (RACT), a reasonable 
further progress (RFP) plan, contingency measures, and other planning 
State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions related to attainment of the 
1997 annual and the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS shall be 
suspended for so long as the area continues to attain the respective 
PM2.5 NAAQS. EPA is also proposing to determine, based on 
complete, quality-assured and certified monitoring data for the 2007-
2010 monitoring period, that the Detroit-Ann Arbor area had attained 
the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS by the applicable attainment 
date of April 5, 2010.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before August 6, 2012.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R05-
OAR-2012-0467, by one of the following methods:
    1. www.regulations.gov: Follow the online instructions for 
submitting comments.
    2. Email: blakley.pamela@epa.gov.
    3. Fax: (312) 692-2450.
    4. Mail: Pamela Blakley, Chief, Control Strategies Section, Air 
Programs Branch (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 77 West 
Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604.
    5. Hand Delivery: Pamela Blakley, Chief, Control Strategies 
Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. Such 
deliveries are only accepted during the Regional Office normal hours of 
operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of 
boxed information. The Regional Office official hours of business are 
Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., excluding Federal 
holidays.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-
2012-0467. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included 
in the public docket without change and may be made available online at 
www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided, 
unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you consider to 
be CBI or otherwise protected through www.regulations.gov or email. The 
www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which 
means EPA will not know your identity or contact information unless you 
provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an email comment 
directly to EPA without going through www.regulations.gov your email 
address will be automatically captured and included as part of the 
comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the 
Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you 
include your name and other contact information in the body of your 
comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic 
files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of 
encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses.
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the 
www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. 
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically 
in www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Environmental Protection 
Agency, Region 5, Air and Radiation Division, 77 West Jackson 
Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604. This facility is open from 8:30 
a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding Federal holidays. 
We recommend that you telephone Carolyn Persoon, Environmental 
Engineer, at (312) 353-8290, before visiting the Region 5 office.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carolyn Persoon, Environmental 
Engineer, Control Strategies Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 West Jackson Boulevard, 
Chicago, Illinois 60604, (312) 353-8290, persoon.carolyn@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document whenever ``we,'' 
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, we mean EPA.
    This supplementary information section is arranged as follows:

I. What is EPA proposing?
II. What is the background of these actions?
III. What is EPA's analysis of the relevant air quality data?
IV. What are the effects of these actions?
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. What is EPA proposing?

    In accordance with 40 CFR 51.1004(c), EPA is proposing to determine 
that Detroit-Ann Arbor Michigan has attained both the 1997 annual and 
the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS. These proposed determinations 
are based upon complete, quality-assured, and certified ambient air 
monitoring data for the 2009-2011 monitoring period that show the area 
has monitored attainment of both PM2.5 NAAQS. Preliminary 
quality-assured data available for 2012 are consistent with continued 
attainment. In accordance with 40 CFR 51.1004(c), if EPA finalizes 
these determinations, it will suspend the Detroit-Ann Arbor area's 
obligation to submit attainment related requirements for the 1997 
annual and 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS.
    Pursuant to section 179(c) of the CAA, EPA is also proposing to 
determine that, based on air quality monitoring data for 2007-2010, the 
Detroit-Ann Arbor area attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS 
by its applicable attainment date of April 5, 2010.

[[Page 39660]]

II. What is the background for these actions?

    On July 18, 1997 (62 FR 36852), EPA established an annual 
PM2.5 NAAQS at 15.0 micrograms per cubic meter ([mu]g/m\3\) 
based on a three-year average of annual mean PM2.5 
concentrations. At that time, EPA also established a 24-hour 
PM2.5 standard of 65 [mu]g/m\3\. On January 5, 2005 (70 FR 
944), EPA published its air quality designations and classifications 
for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS based upon air quality monitoring 
data for calendar years 2001-2003. These designations became effective 
on April 5, 2005. The Detroit-Ann Arbor area was designated 
nonattainment for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.
    On October 17, 2006 (71 FR 61144), EPA retained the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 NAAQS at 15.0 [mu]g/m\3\ based on a three-year average 
of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations, and promulgated a 24-
hour PM2.5 standard of 35 [mu]g/m\3\ based on a three-year 
average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations. On November 
13, 2009 (74 FR 58688), EPA published its air quality designations and 
classifications for the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS based upon 
air quality monitoring data for calendar years 2006-2008. These 
designations became effective on December 14, 2009. The Detroit-Ann 
Arbor area was designated nonattainment for the 2006 24-hour 
PM2.5 NAAQS.
    In response to legal challenges to the annual standards promulgated 
in 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit 
(DC Circuit) remanded these standards to EPA for further consideration. 
See American Farm Bureau Federation and National Pork Producers 
Council, et al. v. EPA, 559 F.3d 512 (DC Cir. 2009). However, given 
that the 1997 and 2006 annual standards are essentially identical, 
attainment of the 1997 annual standards would also indicate attainment 
of the remanded 2006 annual standards.
    On April 25, 2007 (72 FR 20664), EPA promulgated its 
PM2.5 implementation rule, codified at 40 CFR part 51, 
subpart Z, in which the Agency provided guidance for state and tribal 
plans to implement the 1997 p.m.2.5 standards. This rule, at 
40 CFR 51.1004(c), specifies some of the regulatory consequences of 
attaining the standards, as discussed later.

III. What is EPA's analysis of the relevant air quality data?

    Today's proposed determinations assess whether the Detroit-Ann 
Arbor area has attained the 1997 annual and the 2006 24-hour 
PM2.5 standards, based on the most recent three years of 
complete, certified and quality-assured data, and whether the Detroit-
Ann Arbor area attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS by the 
applicable attainment date of April 5, 2010, based on monitored data 
from 2007-2010.
    Under EPA's regulations at 40 CFR 50.7, the annual primary and 
secondary PM2.5 standards are met when the annual arithmetic 
mean concentration, as determined in accordance with 40 CFR part 50, 
appendix N, is less than or equal to 15.0 [mu]g/m\3\ at all relevant 
monitoring sites in the area. Under EPA regulations in 40 CFR 50.13 and 
in accordance with 40 CFR part 50, Appendix N, the 24-hour primary and 
secondary PM2.5 standards are met when the 98th percentile 
24-hour concentration is less than or equal to 35 [mu]g/m\3\.
    EPA has reviewed the ambient air quality monitoring data in the 
Detroit-Ann Arbor area, consistent with the requirements contained at 
40 CFR part 50. EPA's review focused on data recorded in the EPA Air 
Quality System (AQS) database, for the Detroit-Ann Arbor area for 
PM2.5 nonattainment area from 2007 to 2011. EPA also 
considered preliminary data for 2012, which has not been certified.
    The Detroit-Ann Arbor area has fourteen monitors located in Macomb, 
Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne Counties that reported 
design values from 2009-2011, the most recent three years of data, for 
PM2.5 that ranged from 9.0 to 11.6 [mu]g/m\3\ for the 1997 
annual standard, and 24 to 32 [mu]g/m\3\ for the 2006 24-hour standard, 
as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
    All monitors in the Detroit-Ann Arbor area recorded complete data 
in accordance with criteria set forth by EPA in 40 CFR part 50, 
appendix N, where a complete year of air quality data comprises four 
calendar quarters, with each quarter containing data from at least 75 
percent capture of the scheduled sampling days. Available data are 
considered to be sufficient for comparison to the NAAQS if three 
consecutive complete years of data exist.

Table 1--The 1997 Annual PM2.5 Design Values for Detroit-Ann Arbor Area Monitors With Complete Data for the 2007-
                           2009, 2008-2010, and 2009-2011 Design Values in [mu]g/m\3\
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                                                          Annual standard    Annual standard    Annual standard
                                                            design value       design value       design value
              County                      Monitor        2007-2009  ([mu]g/ 2008-2010  ([mu]g/ 2009-2011  ([mu]g/
                                                               m\3\)              m\3\)              m\3\)
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Macomb...........................  New Haven 260990009.               10.7                9.7                9.0
Monroe...........................  Luna Pier 261150005.               11.6               10.3                9.9
Oakland..........................  Oak Park 261250001..               11.4               10.0                9.4
St. Clair........................  Port Huron 261470005               11.1                9.9                9.3
Washtenaw........................  Ypsilanti 261610008.               11.3               10.0                9.6
Wayne............................  Allen Park 261630001               11.9               11.0               10.5
                                   Dearborn 261630033..               14.1               12.3               11.6
                                   E 7 Mile 261630019..               11.6               10.6                9.9
                                   FIA 261630039.......               12.3               11.0               10.4
                                   Linwood 261630016...               12.1               10.7               10.1
                                   Livonia 261630025...               11.2               10.0                9.5
                                   Newberry 261630038..               12.0               10.7               10.3
                                   SW HS 261630015.....               12.8               11.5               10.9
                                   Wyandotte 261630036.               11.6               10.2                9.6
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[[Page 39661]]

  Table 2--The 24-hour PM2.5 Design Values for Detroit-Ann Arbor Area Monitors With Complete Data for the 2008-
                               2010 and the 2009-2011 Design Values in [mu]g/m\3\
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                                                                             24-Hour standard   24-Hour standard
                                                                               design value       design value
                   County                               Monitor             2008-2010  ([mu]g/ 2009-2011  ([mu]g/
                                                                                  m\3\)               m\3\
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Macomb.....................................  New Haven 260990009..........                 27                 25
Monroe.....................................  Luna Pier 261150005..........                 26                 24
Oakland....................................  Oak Park 261250001...........                 29                 27
St. Clair..................................  Port Huron 261470005.........                 28                 26
Washtenaw..................................  Ypsilanti 261610008..........                 27                 25
Wayne......................................  Allen Park 261630001.........                 29                 27
                                             Dearborn 261630033...........                 32                 32
                                             E 7 Mile 261630019...........                 30                 27
                                             FIA 261630039................                 30                 28
                                             Linwood 261630016............                 30                 28
                                             Livonia 261630025............                 28                 26
                                             Newberry 261630038...........                 29                 27
                                             SW HS 261630015..............                 31                 28
                                             Wyandotte 261630036..........                 26                 24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA's review of monitoring data from the 2007-2009, 2008-2010, and 
2009-2011 monitoring periods supports EPA's determinations that the 
Detroit-Ann Arbor PM2.5 nonattainment area has: (1) 
Monitored attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS for such period and 
(2) attained the PM2.5 NAAQS by the attainment date of April 
5, 2010 for the 1997 standard. Additionally, the preliminary monitoring 
data for 2012 are consistent with the area's continued attainment.

IV. What are the effects of these actions?

    If EPA's proposed determinations of attainment for the 1997 annual 
and 2006 24-hour PM2.5 standard, based on the most recent 
three years of complete, quality-assured and certified data, are made 
final, under the provisions of the PM2.5 Implementation Rule 
(40 CFR 51.1004(c)) the requirements for the Detroit-Ann Arbor 
PM2.5 nonattainment area to submit an attainment 
demonstration, RACM (including RACT), an RFP plan, contingency 
measures, and other planning SIP revisions related to attainment of the 
1997 annual and the 2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS shall be 
suspended for each for so long as the Detroit-Ann Arbor area continues 
to attain the respective PM2.5 NAAQS.
    These proposed determinations of attainment for the Detroit-Ann 
Arbor PM2.5 nonattainment area would, if finalized: (1) 
Suspend the obligation for Michigan to submit the requirements listed 
above; (2) continue for each NAAQS until such time, if any, that EPA 
subsequently determines that any monitor in the area has violated that 
PM2.5 NAAQS; and (3) be separate from any future designation 
determination or requirements for the Detroit-Ann Arbor 
PM2.5 nonattainment area based on any future 
PM2.5 NAAQS revision.
    If these rulemakings are finalized and EPA subsequently determines, 
after notice-and-comment rulemaking in the Federal Register, that the 
Detroit-Ann Arbor area has violated the 1997 annual or 2006 24-hour 
PM2.5 NAAQS, the basis for the suspension of the specific 
requirements for that NAAQS, set forth at 40 CFR 51.1004(c), would no 
longer exist, and the State of Michigan would thereafter have to 
address the pertinent requirements.
    The actions proposed above are limited to determinations that the 
air quality data show that the Detroit-Ann Arbor PM2.5 
nonattainment area has monitored attainment of the 1997 annual and the 
2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS, and does not result in a 
redesignation of the Detroit-Ann Arbor PM2.5 nonattainment 
area to attainment for either the 1997 annual or the 2006 24-hour 
PM2.5 NAAQS.
    These proposed actions, if finalized, would not constitute a 
redesignation to attainment under section 107(d)(3) of the CAA because 
EPA is not proposing to take action pursuant to CAA section 107(d)(3) 
and the statutory prerequisites set forth in CAA section 107(d)(3) have 
not yet been met. For example, EPA has not yet approved a maintenance 
plan for the area as required under CAA section 175A, nor proposed a 
determination that the Detroit-Ann Arbor PM2.5 nonattainment 
area has met the other requirements for redesignation under the CAA.
    The designation status of the Detroit-Ann Arbor PM2.5 
nonattainment area will remain nonattainment for the 1997 annual and 
2006 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS until such time as EPA takes final 
rulemaking action to determine that such an area meets the CAA 
requirements for redesignation to attainment.
    Pursuant to section 179(c) of the CAA, EPA is also proposing to 
determine that the Detroit-Ann Arbor area attained the 1997 annual 
PM2.5 NAAQS by the applicable attainment date of April 5, 
2010. If this proposed determination is finalized, EPA will have met 
its requirement pursuant to section 179(c)(1) of the CAA to make a 
determination based on the Detroit-Ann Arbor area's air quality data, 
whether the area attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS by its 
attainment date.
    EPA is soliciting comment on the issues discussed in this document. 
EPA will consider these comments before taking final action. Please 
note that if EPA receives adverse comment on any of the proposed 
determinations described above and if that determination may be severed 
from the remainder of the final agency actions, EPA may adopt as final 
those provisions of the proposed agency action that are not the subject 
of an adverse comment.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This action proposes to make attainment determinations based on air 
quality data and would, if finalized, result in the suspension of 
certain Federal requirements and/or would not impose any additional 
requirements. For that reason, this proposed action:
     Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
     Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions

[[Page 39662]]

of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     Does not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the Clean Air Act; and
     Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental 
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under 
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    In addition, these proposed PM2.5 NAAQS attainment 
determinations do not have Tribal implications as specified by 
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because the SIP 
is not approved to apply in Indian country located in the State, and 
EPA notes that it will not impose substantial direct costs on Tribal 
governments or preempt Tribal law.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Particulate 
matter, Reporting and record-keeping requirements.

    Dated: June 26, 2012.
Susan Hedman,
Regional Administrator, Region 5.
[FR Doc. 2012-16438 Filed 7-3-12; 8:45 am]
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