Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2003-0074-0675
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-03-09T05:00Z

Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
1
Introduction
This
deliverable
presents
the
final
revised
and
updated
typical
pollutant
concentration
(
TPC)
table
(
Appendix
A)
along
with
Tetra
Tech's
findings,
recommendations,
and
documentation
(
Appendix
B).
The
original
TPC
table
was
developed
by
the
National
Oceanic
and
Atmospheric
Administration
(
NOAA)
and
lists
the
typical
concentrations
of
selected
parameters
in
discharges
based
on
the
type
of
processes
and
effluent.
Tetra
Tech
has
updated
the
TPC
Table
contained
in
the
document
entitled
Point
Source
Methods
Document
(
NOAA,
1993),
which
presents
the
methodology
used
in
the
National
Coastal
Pollutant
Discharge
Inventory
(
NCPDI)
and
includes
NOAA's
most
recent
published
version
of
the
TPC
table
(
see
Appendix
C).

One
of
the
driving
forces
behind
the
effort
to
update
the
TPC
table
is
to
incorporate
it
into
the
effluent
data
statistics
(
EDS)
routine
to
allow
users
of
the
Permit
Compliance
System
(
PCS)
to
develop
more
accurate
pollutant
loading
estimates
from
point
sources
where
site­
specific
monitoring
information
is
not
available.
This
capability
might
also
prove
useful
in
predicting
changes
in
future
point
source
loadings
and
their
possible
impact
on
receiving
waters,
as
well
as
enhance
enforcement
of
existing
permits.

Some
of
the
data
in
the
TPC
table
are
over
a
decade
old
and
were
collected
prior
to
the
implementation
of
effluent
guidelines
for
those
industries.
Advances
in
technology
and
changes
in
processes
to
comply
with
effluent
guidelines
and
increasingly
more
stringent
water
quality­
based
National
Pollutant
Discharge
Elimination
System
(
NPDES)
permit
limits
could
lead
to
different
pollutant
loadings
than
were
reported
at
the
time
of
data
collection.
With
this
deliverable,
Tetra
Tech
has
updated
and
revised
the
TPC
table
using
PCS
data
where
possible,
so
that
EDS
users
will
have
additional
data
choices
available.

Sources
of
TPC
update
values
Updated
values
for
the
TPC
table
came
from
a
variety
of
sources.
Tetra
Tech's
initial
approach
focused
on
evaluating
development
documents
and
related
studies
for
industrial
categories
that
had
been
subject
to
effluent
limitations
guidelines
development
since
1988.
If
applicable
industry­
wide
pollutant
concentration
information
was
provided,
those
values
were
chosen
to
update
old
TPC
figures.
NOAA's
original
TPC
table
drew
values
from
a
preliminary
version
of
the
Industry
Summary
Sheet
document
for
many
industryspecific
pollutant
concentrations.
The
final
version
of
this
document
(
Versar,
1988),
was
reviewed
by
Tetra
Tech.
If
the
document
contained
a
new
value
for
a
TPC
pollutant,
that
value
was
considered
as
a
new
TPC.

The
next
stage
of
analysis
utilized
discharge
monitoring
report
(
DMR)
data
from
PCS.
The
concentration
median
was
considered
as
a
new
TPC
for
pollutants
whose
concentration
value
was
derived
from
10%
or
greater
of
the
facilities
having
PCS
data
available
for
that
industry.
Best
professional
judgement
was
used
in
evaluating
TPCs
based
on
discharges
from
few
facilities.
If
a
pollutant
concentration
was
derived
from
one
facility,
that
value
was
disqualified
for
consideration
as
a
new
TPC.

Sources
of
TPC
Update
Values
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
2
1.
Development
Documents
2.
Preliminary
Studies
3.
Industry
Summary
Sheets
4.
PCS
Total
Facility
Typical
Pollutant
Concentration
meeting
best
professional
judgement
New
Effluent
Guidelines
and
Studies
The
preliminary
studies
and
development
documents
from
the
effluent
guidelines
process
are
valuable
sources
of
information
from
which
data
useful
to
updating
the
TPC
Tables
might
be
derived.
Since
1988,
11
development
documents
and
12
other
industry
studies
have
been
published.
Table
1
indicates
industries
which
have
applicable
information
with
their
year
of
publication.
Table
2
details
TPC
categories
and
pollutants
that
have
been
updated
with
information
from
the
Industry
Summary
Sheets
(
1988).

Table
1.
List
of
recent
documents
based
on
Effluent
Guideline
or
industry
study
information.
Industries
with
pollutant
concentration
information
recommended
for
TPC
are
highlighted.

INDUSTRY
TPC
GROUP
INFORMATION
SOURCE
YEAR
Industrial
Waste
Combustors
­
Development
document
1997
Landfills
­
Development
document
1997
Transportation
Equipment
Cleaning
­
Development
document
1998
Hospitals
34
Preliminary
Study
1989
Hospitals
34
MWRA
Study
1996
Inorganic
Chemicals
12
Preliminary
Data
Summary
1996
Iron
and
Steel
35
Preliminary
Study
1995
Laundries
36
Development
document
1997
Metal
Finishing
38
Preliminary
Study
1994
Metal
Products
and
Machinery
38,42
Development
document
1995
Nonferrous
Metals
48,49,50
Development
document
1989
Leather
Tanning
&
Finishing
37
Development
document
1988
Organic
Chemicals
15
Development
document
1993
Pesticide
Chemicals
18
Development
document
1994
Petroleum
Refining
56
Preliminary
Data
Summary
1996
Pharmaceutical
19
Development
document
1995
Photoprocessing
57
Preliminary
Data
Summary
1997
Primary
zinc
49
Development
document
1989
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
INDUSTRY
TPC
GROUP
INFORMATION
SOURCE
YEAR
3
Pulp
&
Paper
61
Preliminary
Data
Summary
1989
Pulp
&
Paper
61
Suppl.
Tech.
Development
Document
1997
Sewerage
Systems
99
AMSA
Financial
Survey
1996
Steam
Electric
65
Preliminary
Data
Summary
1996
Textile
Manufacturing
70
Preliminary
Study
1996
Table
2.
TPC
Industry
groups
with
data
from
Industry
Summary
Sheets
(
Versar,
1988).

TPC
Category
Name
Group
Document
used
to
update
pollutant:
#
Direct
Discharging
Facilities
Battery
Manufacture
03
Cd,
Cr,
Zn,
Hg
15
Inorganic
Chemical
Prod.
12
149
Organic
Chemical
Prod.
15
301
Pharmaceutical
Mfg
19
As,
Cd
80
Electrical
Products
(
Components
Phase
I)
26
CN,
As,
Cd,
Hg
83
Foundries
30
As,
Cr,
Fe,
Hg
301
Iron
And
Steel
35
TN
738
Leather
Tanning
37
17
Metal
Finishing
38
TP
2800
Coil
Coating
39
32
Primary
Nonferrous
Metals
48
74
Primary
Zinc
49
5
Nonferrous
Metals
Forming
51
As,
Fe
51
Aluminum
Forming
52
Pb
42
Copper
Forming
53
37
Ore
Mining
And
Dressing
54
Cr,
Fe
515
Petroleum
Refining
56
CN,
Cd
164
Plastics
Molding
and
Forming
58
BOD,
Cd,
O&
G,
NH3
810
Porcelain
Enameling
59
28
Pulp
And
Paper
61
355
General
Textile
Mfg.*
70
215
Wool
Scouring*
71
6
Wool
Finishing*
72
8
Textile
Proc.(
Low
Water
Use)*
73
40
Woven
Fabric
Finishing
*
74
77
Knit
Fabric
Finishing
*
75
45
Carpet
Finishing
*
76
11
Stock
And
Yarn*
77
36
Nonwoven
Mfg.*
78
5
Felted
Fabrics
79
S,
Zn
1
*
Categories
have
the
same
concentrations
in
1988
Industry
summary
sheets
as
in
the
old
NOAA
TPC
table.
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
4
Permit
Compliance
System
Data
Tetra
Tech
conducted
a
detailed
evaluation
of
DMR
data
from
PCS.
The
following
methodology
was
used
to
generate
the
statistical
information
(
Appendix
D).
Data
were
retrieved
for
the
parameters
selected
for
the
groupings
included
in
the
TPC
Table.
Additional
parameters
were
included;
generally,
these
included
metals,
organics,
nutrients,
and
flow.
If
there
was
no
discharge
indicated,
the
record
was
dropped.
Records
that
indicated
zero
values
were
deleted.
Statistics
were
derived
from
1991­
1998
annual
loadings.

All
concentration­
based
units
were
converted
to
milligrams
per
liter
and
flow
units
were
converted
to
million
gallons
per
day.
Greater
than
and
less
than
signs
were
eliminated
and
the
value
taken
whole.
The
data
were
then
trimmed
to
fit
the
rule:
If
the
value
for
maximum
or
average
concentration
is
less
than
the
5th
percentile
or
greater
than
the
95th
percentile
of
the
entire
parameter,
the
value
will
be
made
blank
(
i.
e.,
missing).
The
resulting
statistics
are
presented
in
Appendix
D.

Preliminary
evaluation
of
these
data
indicate
that
many
TPC
parameter
values
tend
to
be
higher
than
the
DMR
data,
which
could
result
in
an
overestimation
of
loadings.
PCS
pollutant
parameters
that
were
at
least
85%
populated
are
presented
in
Table
3.

Table
3.
Basic
Pollutant
Parameters
available
from
PCS
Analysis.
(
Highlighted
parameters
were
included
in
old
TPC
table.)
Parameter
Pollutant
#
Industries
with
Parameter
01104
Aluminum,
Total
Recoverable
2
01105
Aluminum,
Total
(
As
Al)
7
00619
Ammonia,
Unionized
1
01097
Antimony,
Total
(
As
Sb)
2
00978
Arsenic,
Total
Recoverable
1
01002
Arsenic,
Total
(
As
As)
7
00310
Bod,
5­
Day
(
20
Deg.
C)
69
01027
Cadmium,
Total
(
As
Cd)
17
01113
Cadmium,
Total
Recoverable
2
00680
Carbon,
Tot
Organic
(
Toc)
9
50060
Chlorine,
Total
Residual
60
50064
Chlorine,
Free
Available
1
01034
Chromium,
Total
(
As
Cr)
30
01032
Chromium,
Hexavalent
(
As
Cr)
8
01118
Chromium,
Total
Recoverable
2
01042
Copper,
Total
(
As
Cu)
33
01119
Copper,
Total
Recoverable
8
00720
Cyanide,
Total
(
As
Cn)
14
00900
Hardness,
Total
(
As
Caco3)
3
00551
Hydrocarbons,
In
H2O,
Ir,
Cc14
Ext.
Chromat
8
00980
Iron,
Total
Recoverable
2
01045
Iron,
Total
As
Fe)
15
01044
Iron,
Suspended
1
01114
Lead,
Total
Recoverable
6
01051
Lead,
Total
As
Pb)
27
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
Parameter
Pollutant
#
Industries
with
Parameter
5
01054
Manganese,
Suspended
1
01055
Manganese,
Total
(
As
Mn)
1
71901
Mercury,
Total
Recoverable
1
71900
Mercury,
Total
(
As
Hg)
3
01074
Nickel,
Total
Recoverable
2
01067
Nickel,
Total
(
As
Ni)
18
00625
Nitrogen,
Kjeldahl
Total
(
As
N)
4
00600
Nitrogen,
Total
(
As
N)
1
00620
Nitrogen,
Nitrate
Total
(
As
N)
2
00610
Nitrogen,
Ammonia
Total
(
As
N)
50
00605
Nitrogen,
Organic
Total
(
As
N)
1
00556
Oil
&
Grease
64
00300
Oxygen,
Dissolved
(
Do)
36
34694
Phenol,
Single
Compound
8
32730
Phenolics,
Total
Recoverable
17
46000
Phenols
6
00665
Phosphorus,
Total
(
As
P)
28
39516
Polychlorinated
Biphenyls
(
PCBs)
2
01147
Selenium,
Total
(
As
Se)
1
01077
Silver,
Total
(
As
Ag)
9
00530
Solids,
Total
Suspended
77
00745
Sulfide,
Total
(
As
S)
8
01092
Zinc,
Total
(
As
Zn)
37
01094
Zinc,
Total
Recoverable
9
It
is
important
to
point
out
that
the
analysis
does
not
include
the
miscellaneous
industrial/
commercial
category
(
group
47)
because
these
categories
did
not
lend
themselves
to
the
screening­
level
analysis
conducted
during
the
initial
phase
of
this
project.

New
TPC
pollutants
from
PCS
Where
PCS
reported
values
for
pollutants
(>
15%
of
a
pollutant
concentration
field
was
populated
in
PCS)
not
listed
in
the
old
TPC
table,
the
parameters
were
considered
for
inclusion
in
the
new
TPC
Table
(
see
Table
4).
PCS
parameters
for
the
same
pollutant,
but
reported
via
different
measurement
techniques,
were
selected
from
the
PCS
output
based
on
quantity
of
data
available
for
the
industry
categories.

Table
4.
New
Pollutants
added
to
TPC
table.

New
Pollutants
from
PCS
Analysis
Aluminum
(
Al)

Antimony
(
Sb)
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
New
Pollutants
from
PCS
Analysis
6
Hardness,
(
CACO3)

Chlorine,
Total
Residual
Cyanide
(
CN)

Hydrocarbons
Manganese
(
Mn)

Nickel
(
Ni)

Phenolics,
Total
Recoverable
Nitrogen
Components
Ammonia
Total
Nitrate
Total
Organic
Nitrogen
Total
Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
(
TKN)

Selenium
(
Se)

Sulfide
Silver
(
Ag)

Total
Organic
Carbon
(
TOC)

Decision
Rule
Descriptions:

When
all
the
TPC
values
were
laid
out,
decisions
about
what
numbers
to
accept
had
to
be
made.
The
following
rules
describe
the
methodology
used.

No
update:
No
new
information
is
available
to
update
the
old
TPC
value
or
the
new
information
did
not
meet
best
professional
judgement
screening.
The
original
TPC
value
remains
the
same
(
regardless
of
whether
or
not
a
value
was
provided
for
the
pollutant).

10%:
PCS
data
provide
an
update.
The
number
of
facilities
providing
the
pollutant
concentration
is
at
least
10%
of
the
total
number
of
PCS
facilities
used
for
the
individual
industry
group.

iss:
When
no
PCS
data
were
available
and
the
1988
Industry
Summary
Sheet
BPT
concentration
presented
new
information,
the
pollutant
was
updated.
The
full
citation
of
the
document
follows:

Office
of
Water
Regulations
and
Standards,
Monitoring
and
Data
Support
Division,
U.
S.
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
7
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
1988.
Summary
of
effluent
characteristics
and
guidelines
for
selected
industrial
point
source
categories:
Industry
status
sheets.
Washington,
DC.
Prepared
by
Versar,
Inc.,
Springfield,
VA.

Other
document:
When
PCS
data
were
lacking,
other
documents
(
preliminary
studies,
development
documents,
etc.)
may
provide
information
to
update
the
old
TPC
value.
The
source
is
identified
for
its
corresponding
documentation
table.

Total
facility
versus
"
process
only"
concentrations
P­
Factor
When
the
PCS
analysis
proposed
a
new
TPC,
that
value
is
representative
of
the
total
facility
typical
discharge
concentration.
P­
factors
should
not
be
used
when
calculating
loadings
for
these
pollutants.
Where
the
old
TPC
values
remain,
or
were
replaced
with
more
recent
data
from
the
literature,
then
Pfactors
are
still
needed
for
evaluating
combination
pipe
flows
because
concentrations
are
based
on
process
flow
only.

PCS
Waste
Type
Field
To
assist
Tetra
Tech's
efforts
to
evaluate
using
the
total
facility
discharge
concentration
approach,
Steve
Rubin
of
EPA/
OECA
ran
a
parsing
program
to
populate
the
waste
type
field
for
PCS
pipes.
About
18,000
pipes
were
then
given
waste
codes,
supplementing
the
field
of
30,000
original
codes.
For
industries
with
large
cooling
flows
relative
to
their
process
flows,
Tetra
Tech
ran
an
additional
analysis,
and
compared
these
total
facility
concentration
numbers
with
NOAA's
"
process
only"
concentrations
isolated
from
the
waste
field.
Results
were
inconclusive
(
Appendix
E).
The
PCS
data
analysis
for
"
process
only"
pipe
concentrations
are
based
on
fewer
data
points,
so
Tetra
Tech
recommends
using
the
total
facility
value
where
the
two
are
similar
in
comparison
to
the
old
TPC
value.

An
additional
evaluation
of
discharging
facilities
in
New
Jersey
revealed
a
weakness
of
using
the
PCS
waste
type
code
to
segregate
process
flows
from
other
flows.
Many
pipes
including
process
waste
in
New
Jersey
facilities
were
classified
as
"
other"
in
the
waste
type
field.
The
"
other"
category,
coupled
with
waste
type
pipes
such
as
sanitary
or
cooling,
composed
all
the
identified
pipe
waste
types
reported
for
a
facility.

NOAA's
Suggested
Revisions
Tetra
Tech
received
a
hand
written
copy
of
NOAA's
suggested
revisions
to
the
1993
TPC
Table
at
the
May
12,
1998
project
meeting
(
these
data
are
included
in
Table
5).
Tetra
Tech
does
not
have
any
background
information
or
other
documentation
about
how
and
why
these
suggested
revisions
were
made
beyond
what
was
discussed
at
the
meeting
and
in
a
subsequent
phone
call
with
Percy
Pacheco
of
NOAA.
These
data,
therefore,
are
presented
in
order
to
carry
forward
NOAA's
work
since
the
TPC
table
was
published
in
1993.

Table
5.
Industries
(
and
Pollutants)
with
suggested
TPC
revisions
from
NOAA.
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
8
Industry
(
NCPDI
code) 
1993
NOAA
Table
Concentration
(
mg/
l)
NOAA
Suggested
Revised
Pollutant
Concentration
(
mg/
l)
PCS
Total
Typical
Facility
Concentration
Industry
Summary
Sheet
(
BPT)

Battery
Manufacturing
(
3)
Cd=
0.001
Cr=
9.000
Cd=
0.0648
Cr=
0.0466
­
Cd=
0.061
Cr=
0.0757
Coil
Coating
(
39)
Cu=
0.007
Cu=
0.1368
Cu=
0.0509
­

Electrical
Products
(
26)
Hg=
0.7
Hg=
0.0088
­
Hg=
0.0088
Felted
Fabric
(
79)
Oil
and
Grease=
2.4
Oil
and
Grease=
26.32
­
O&
G=
2.6
Foundries
(
30)
As=
0.003
As=
0.1292
­
As=
0.164
Inorganic
Chemicals
(
12)
Fe=
0.02
Fe=
160
Fe=
0.5602
Fe=
164
Miscellaneous
Industrial
Commercial
(
47)
Cu=
0.040
Hg=
0.0118
­
­

Ore
Mining
&
Dressing
(
54)
Cu=
0.030
Hg=
1.0
Cu=
0.399
Hg=
0.0118
Cu=
0.012
Hg=
0.0002
Cu=
0.4
Hg=
0.0118
Pesticides
(
Ind.
Org.
chemicals)
(
18)
Cu=
0.090
Cu=
0.0625
Cu=
0.0205
­

Secondary
Nonferrous
Metals
(
50)
Oil
and
Grease=
0.3
Oil
and
Grease=
6.06
O&
G=
4.69
­

Flow
The
effort
to
upgrade
the
TPC
flow
values
involved
additional
PCS
analyses,
evaluation
of
industry
studies
and
use
of
other
sources
of
flow
information,
including
the
Clean
Water
Needs
Survey
(
CWNS)
Database
and
the
Industrial
Facilities
Database
(
IFD).
Tetra
Tech
attempted
to
develop
a
"
typical
flow"
for
minor
facilities
within
a
given
industrial
category
but
was
unable
to
do
so.
The
PCS
data
that
were
evaluated
included
7
values
that
called
into
question
the
validity
of
conducting
further
analysis
using
this
approach.
The
IFD
data
were
not
suitable
for
this
analysis.
The
CWNS
data
were
acceptable,
but
were
obviously
only
applicable
to
group
99
(
treatment
works),
and
therefore,
of
limited
value
in
the
analysis.
Results
of
the
effort
to
assess
flow
data
are
presented
in
Appendix
F.

Conclusions/
Recommendations
The
updated
TPC
table
provides
EDS
users
with
the
opportunity
to
use
DMR
data
and
other
facility
information
taken
from
PCS.
The
major
strength
of
using
this
source
of
data
for
TPC
is
that
actual
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
9
measured
information
from
facilities
taken
during
the
1990s
is
arguably
more
reliable
than
the
older
information
from
the
effluent
guidelines
development
process.
The
use
of
PCS
data
should
reflect
the
use
of
technologies
that
have
been
in
place
at
facilities
since
the
effluent
guidelines
were
promulgated
and
also
should
reflect
any
additional
treatment
technologies
in
place
to
allow
a
facility
to
meet
water
quality­
based
effluent
limitations.
Tetra
Tech
believes
that,
for
this
reason,
use
of
the
PCS­
derived
TPC
values
truly
are
more
reflective
of
"
typical"
than
the
values
in
the
original
TPC
table.

Use
of
PCS­
derived
TPC
values
also
incorporates
storm
water
flow,
sanitary
waste,
and
"
other"
flow
from
industrial
facilities,
in
what
can
best
be
termed
"
total
facility
TPC."
While
there
is
no
way
to
be
certain
of
the
actual
amount
of
these
non­
process
flows
when
evaluating
a
typical
facility
when
no
actual
(
monitored)
data
are
available
in
PCS,
Tetra
Tech
believes
that
EPA
would
be
able
to
generate
a
more
accurate
typical
facility
load
of
pollutants
through
use
of
the
updated
TPC
table.

Incorporating
the
updated
TPC
while
retaining
the
capability
of
using
the
original
TPC
would
seem
to
be
a
desirable
approach
because
it
allows
for
estimation
of
the
typical
pollutant
concentration
from
a
typical
industrial
process
as
well
as
what
is
typical
from
an
entire
facility.
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
10
References
Association
of
Metropolitan
Sewerage
Agencies.
1993.
The
AMSA
Financial
Survey
1993.
Washington,
DC.

Effluent
Guidelines
Division,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
1989­
1998.
Development
document
for
effluent
limitations
guidelines
and
standards
by
point
source
category
(
itemized
below)
Washington,
DC.

____.
1998.
Landfills
Point
Source
Category.
EPA­
821­
R­
97­
022.

____.
1998.
Development
Document
for
Proposed
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
and
Standards
for
the
Transportation
Equipment
Cleaning
Industry.
EPA­
821­
B­
98­
011.

____.
1997.
Industrial
waste
combustors.
EPA­
821­
B­
97­
011.

____.
1997.
Supplemental
Technical
Development
Document
for
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
and
Standards
for
the
Pulp,
Paper,
and
Paperboard
Category:
Subpart
B
(
Bleached
Papergrade
Kraft
and
Soda)
and
Subpart
E
(
Papergrade
Sulfite).
EPA­
821­
R­
97­
011.

____.
1997.
Technical
Development
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for
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Pretreatment
Standards
for
Existing
and
New
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for
the
Industrial
Laundries
Point
Source
Category.
EPA­
821­
R­
97­
007.

____.
1995.
Pharmaceutical
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Point
Source
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EPA­
821­
R­
95­
019.

____.
1993.
Supplement
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the
Development
Document
for
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
and
Standards
for
the
Organic
Chemicals,
Plastics,
and
Synthetic
Fibers;
Point
Source
Category,
Final.
EPA­
821­
R­
93­
007.

____.
1993.
Pesticide
Chemicals
Manufacturing
Point
Source
Category
(
Final).
EPA­
821­
R­
93­
01.

____.
1989.
Nonferrous
Metals
Manufacturing
Point
Source
category
(
Final)
Volume
IV:
Primary
zinc,
primary
lead,
secondary
lead,
primary
antimony.
EPA­
440/
1­
89­
019.

____.
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Organic
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Point
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EPA­
440­
1­
87­
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1997.
Supplemental
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Effluent
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Guidelines
and
Standards
for
the
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Paper,
and
Paperboard
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Subpart
B
(
Bleached
Papergrade
Kraft
and
Soda)
and
Subpart
E
(
Papergrade
Sulfite).
EPA­
821­
R­
97­
011.
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
11
MWRA,
Wastewater
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100
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Charlestown
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Boston,
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NOAA.
1993.
National
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Point
Source
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Spring,
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Office
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U.
S.
Environmental
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1988.
Summary
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characteristics
and
guidelines
for
selected
industrial
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source
categories:
Industry
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Prepared
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VA..

U.
S.
Environmental
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1997.
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the
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EPA­
821­
R­
97­
003.

U.
S.
Environmental
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1996.
Preliminary
Data
Summary
for
the
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EPA­
821­
R­
96­
015.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
1996.
Preliminary
Data
Summary
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the
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Source
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EPA­
821­
R­
96­
016.

U.
S.
Environmental
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1996.
Preliminary
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the
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EPA­
821­
R­
96­
020.

U.
S.
Environmental
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1996.
Preliminary
Data
Summary
for
the
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Electric
Point
Source
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EPA­
821­
R­
96­
010.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
1995.
Effluent
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Tanning,
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EPA­
820­
R­
95­
006.

U.
S.
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1995.
Preliminary
Study
of
the
Iron
and
Steel
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EPA­
821­
R­
95­
037.

U.
S.
Environmental
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Agency.
1994.
Preliminary
Data
Summary
for
the
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EPA­
821­
R­
94­
006.

U.
S.
Environmental
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Agency.
1989.
Preliminary
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the
Pulp,
Paper
and
Paperboard
Point
Source
Category.
EPA­
440­
1­
89­
025.
Improving
Point
Source
Loadings
Data
for
Reporting
National
Water
Quality
Indicators
12
U.
S.
Environmental
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1989.
Preliminary
Data
Summary
for
the
Hospitals
Point
Source
Category.
EPA­
440­
1­
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060N.