Document ID: EPA-HQ-OW-2002-0033-0146
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2003-04-14T04:00Z

iii
FOREWORD
This
1998
edition
of
the
Digest
of
Education
Statistics
is
the
34th
in
a
series
of
publications
initiated
in
1962.
(
The
Digest
has
been
issued
annually
except
for
combined
editions
for
the
years
1977
 
78,
1983
 
84,
and
1985
 
86.)
Its
primary
purpose
is
to
provide
a
compilation
of
statistical
information
covering
the
broad
field
of
American
education
from
kindergarten
through
graduate
school.
The
Digest
includes
a
selection
of
data
from
many
sources,
both
government
and
private,
and
draws
especially
on
the
results
of
surveys
and
activities
carried
out
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
publication
contains
information
on
a
variety
of
subjects
in
the
field
of
education
statistics,
including
the
number
of
schools
and
colleges,
teachers,
enrollments,
and
graduates,
in
addition
to
educational
attainment,
finances
federal
funds
for
education,
employment
and
income
of
graduates,
libraries,
and
international
education
Supplemental
information
on
population
trends,
attitudes
on
education
comparisons,
education
characteristics
of
the
labor
force,
government
finances,
and
economic
trends
provides
background
for
evaluating
education
data.
Although
the
Digest
contains
important
information
on
federal
education
funding,
more
detailed
information
on
federal
activities
is
available
from
federal
education
program
offices
For
example,
the
Office
of
Bilingual
Education
and
Minority
Languages
Affairs
supports
the
National
Clearinghouse
on
Bilingual
Education,
which
compiles
information
on
students
and
teachers
involved
in
bilingual
education.
The
Digest
is
divided
into
seven
chapters:
``
All
Levels
of
Education,''
``
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
``
Postsecondary
Education,''
``
Federal
Programs
for
Education
and
Related
Activities,''
``
Outcomes
of
Education,''
``
International
Comparisons
of
Education,''
and
``
Learning
Resources
and
Technology
To
qualify
for
inclusion,
material
must
be
nationwide
in
scope
and
of
current
interest
and
value.
The
introduction
includes
a
brief
overview
of
current
trends
in
American
education,
which
supplements
the
tabular
materials
in
chapters
1
through
7.
Information
on
the
structure
of
the
statistical
tables
is
contained
in
the
``
Guide
to
Tabular
Presentation.''
The
``
Guide
to
Sources''
provides
a
brief
synopsis
of
the
surveys
used
to
generate
the
tabulations
for
the
Digest.
Also,
a
``
Definitions''
section
is
included
to
help
readers
understand
terms.
In
addition
to
updating
many
of
the
statistics
that
have
appeared
in
previous
years,
this
edition
contains
a
significant
amount
of
new
material,
including:

·
Parental
involvement
in
education­
related
activities,
tables
25
and
26;

·
Number
of
hours
young
children
spend
in
day
care
programs,
table
51;

·
Performance
of
eighth­
grade
students
in
music,
theatre,
and
visual
arts,
table
130;

·
Finances
of
nonprofit
institutions
of
higher
education
tables
327
and
350;

·
International
comparisons
of
the
performance
of
twelfth­
grade
students
in
mathematics
and
science,
tables
405
and
406;
and
·
Percent
of
home
computer
users
using
specific
applications
tables
426
and
427.

Martin
E.
Orland
Associate
Commissioner,
Early
Childhood,
International,
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
March
1999
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many
people
have
contributed
in
one
way
or
another
to
the
development
of
the
Digest.
Thomas
D.
Snyder
was
responsible
for
the
overall
development
and
preparation
of
this
Digest,
which
was
prepared
under
the
general
direction
of
Martin
Orland.
Charlene
M.
Hoffman
provided
technical
assistance
in
all
phases
of
its
preparation
and
was
responsible
for
chapter
4,
``
Federal
Programs
for
Education
and
Related
Activities,''
and
for
tables
on
degrees
conferred.
Claire
Geddes
developed
text
for
chapter
introductions
and
was
responsible
for
materials
dealing
with
higher
education
enrollment
and
faculty
characteristics.
William
Sonnenberg
provided
statistical
computing
consultation
on
all
phases
of
the
report
Celestine
Davis
provided
statistical
assistance
on
materials
dealing
with
educational
attainment
and
student
assessment.
Debra
Gerald
and
William
Hussar
prepared
projections
of
school
enrollment
and
finance
statistics.
A
number
of
individuals
outside
the
Center
also
expended
large
amounts
of
time
and
effort
on
the
Digest
Jennifer
Sable
and
Rabab
Saab
of
Pinkerton
Computer
Consultants,
Inc.
provided
research
and
statistical
assistance.
In
the
office
of
Media
and
Information
Services,
Robert
LeGrand
and
Diane
Magarity
provided
editorial
assistance
and
Phil
Carr
designed
the
cover.
Jerry
Fairbanks
of
the
U.
S.
Government
Printing
Office
managed
the
typesetting.
This
year's
edition
of
the
Digest
has
received
extensive
reviews
by
individuals
within
and
outside
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
We
wish
to
thank
them
for
their
time
and
expert
advice.
In
the
Office
of
Educational
Research
and
Improvement
(
OERI),
W.
Vance
Grant
and
Mary
Frase.
Ellen
Bradburn,
Molly
Soule,
and
Chris
Calsyn
of
the
Education
Statistics
Services
Institute
also
provided
technical
review
and
Rosemary
Clark
(
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
also
reviewed
the
entire
document.
OERI
staff
who
reviewed
portions
of
the
manuscript
were:
Marilyn
McMillen
(
Chief
Statistician),
Sam
Barbett,
Jonaki
Bose,
Patricia
Q.
Brown,
Susan
Broyles,
Chris
Chapman,
Adrienne
Chute,
Mike
Cohen,
Rosa
Fernandez,
Debra
Gerald,
Arnold
Goldstein,
Kerry
Gruber,
Frank
Johnson,
Austin
Lin,
Aurora
D'Amico,
Drew
Malizio,
Frank
Morgan,
Jeffrey
Owings,
John
Sietsema,
Shi­
Chang
Wu,
Shelley
Burns,
and
Linda
Zimbler.
Agency
reviews
were
conducted
by
the
Office
of
Bilingual
Education
and
Minority
Languages
Affairs
and
the
Planning
and
Evaluation
Service.
vii
Contents
Page
Foreword
...................................................................................................................................
iii
Acknowledgments
.....................................................................................................................
v
Introduction
...............................................................................................................................
1
Chapter
1.
All
Levels
of
Education
...........................................................................................
5
Chapter
2.
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
...................................................................
43
Chapter
3.
Postsecondary
Education
.......................................................................................
187
College
and
University
Education
.....................................................................................
194
Vocational
and
Adult
Education
........................................................................................
379
Chapter
4.
Federal
Programs
for
Education
and
Related
Activities
........................................
385
Chapter
5.
Outcomes
of
Education
..........................................................................................
427
Chapter
6.
International
Comparisons
of
Education
................................................................
445
Chapter
7.
Learning
Resources
and
Technology
....................................................................
471
Appendix
Guide
to
Tabular
Presentation
..........................................................................................
485
Guide
to
Sources
..............................................................................................................
487
Definitions
..........................................................................................................................
519
Index
of
Table
Numbers
....................................................................................................
533
viii
CONTENTS
Figures
1.
The
structure
of
education
in
the
United
States
............................................................
7
2.
Enrollment
and
total
expenditures
in
current
and
constant
dollars,
by
level
of
education:
1960
 
61
to
1997
 
98
.................................................................................
8
3.
Years
of
school
completed
by
persons
25
years
old
and
over:
1940
to
1997
.............
9
4.
Years
of
school
completed
by
persons
25
to
29
years
of
age:
1940
to
1997
..............
9
5.
Highest
level
of
education
attained
by
persons
25
years
and
older:
March
1997
........
10
6.
Items
most
frequently
cited
by
the
public
as
a
major
problem
facing
the
local
public
schools:
1980
to
1998
................................................................................................
10
7.
Preprimary
enrollment
of
3­
to
5­
year­
olds,
by
attendance
status:
October
1970
to
October
1997
..................................................................................
46
8.
Enrollment,
number
of
teachers,
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
and
expenditures
in
public
schools:
1960
 
61
to
1997
 
98
....................................................................................
47
9.
Percentage
change
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment,
by
state:
Fall
1992
to
fall
1997
..................................................................................................
48
10.
Average
annual
salary
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
teachers:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
..................................................................................................
48
11.
Sources
of
revenue
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
49
12.
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1970
 
71
to
1997
 
98
..................................................................
49
13.
Enrollment,
degrees
conferred,
and
expenditures
in
institutions
of
higher
education:
1960
 
61
to
1997
 
98
..................................................................................................
190
14.
Percentage
change
in
total
enrollment
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
state:
Fall
1990
to
fall
1996
..................................................................................................
191
15.
Enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
age:
Fall
1970
to
fall
2008
..............
191
16.
Full­
time­
equivalent
students
per
staff
member
in
public
and
private
institutions
of
higher
education:
1976
and
1995
..............................................................................
192
17.
Trends
in
bachelor's
degrees
conferred
in
selected
fields
of
study:
1985
 
86,
1990
 
91,
and
1995
 
96
..............................................................................
192
18.
Sources
of
current­
fund
revenue
for
public
institutions
of
higher
education:
1995
 
96
.
193
19.
Sources
of
current­
fund
revenue
for
private
institutions
of
higher
education:
1995
 
96
......................................................................................................................
193
20.
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
agency:
Fiscal
year
1998
..........................
395
21.
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose:
1965
to
1998
..............................................................................................................
396
22.
Department
of
Education
outlays,
by
type
of
recipient:
Fiscal
year
1998
.....................
396
23.
Labor
force
participation
of
persons
16
years
old
and
over,
by
age
and
highest
level
of
education:
1997
......................................................................................................
428
ix
CONTENTS
24.
Unemployment
rates
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
highest
degree
attained:
1997
............................................................................................................................
429
25.
Labor
force
status
of
1996
 
97
high
school
dropouts
and
graduates
not
enrolled
in
college:
October
1997
................................................................................................
429
26.
Median
annual
income
of
persons
with
income
25
years
old
and
over,
by
highest
degree
attained
and
sex:
1996
..................................................................................
430
27.
Salaries
of
recent
bachelor's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field:
1987,
1991,
and
1994
................................................................................................
430
28.
Percent
change
in
enrollment,
by
area
of
the
world
and
level
of
education:
1980
to
1995
..............................................................................................................
447
29.
Public
expenditures
for
education
as
a
percentage
of
the
gross
domestic
product:
Selected
countries,
1994
..............................................................................
448
30.
Bachelor's
degree
recipients
as
a
percentage
of
population
of
the
theoretical
age
of
graduation,
by
sex:
Selected
countries,
1995
............................................................
448
31.
Average
mathematics
performance
of
other
countries
compared
with
the
United
States:
1995
...............................................................................................................
449
32.
Average
science
performance
of
other
countries
compared
with
the
United
States:
1995
............................................................................................................................
449
33.
Percent
of
all
public
schools
and
instructional
rooms
having
Internet
access:
Fall
1994
to
fall
1998
.........................................................................................................
472
Tables
1.
All
Levels
of
Education
Enrollment,
Teachers,
and
Schools
1.
Estimated
number
of
participants
in
elementary
and
secondary
education
and
in
higher
education:
Fall
1998
........................................................................................
11
2.
Enrollment
in
educational
institutions,
by
level
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1980
to
fall
2005
..................................................................................................
11
3.
Enrollment
in
educational
institutions,
by
level
and
by
control
of
institution:
1869
 
70
to
fall
2008
...................................................................................................
12
4.
Teachers
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
and
senior
instructional
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution:
Fall
1970
to
fall
2008
..................................................................................................
13
5.
Educational
institutions,
by
level
and
control
of
institution:
1980
 
81
to
1996
 
97
.........
14
Enrollment
Rates
6.
Percent
of
the
population
3
to
34
years
old
enrolled
in
school,
by
age:
April
1940
to
October
1997
........................................................................................
15
7.
Percent
of
the
population
3
to
34
years
old
enrolled
in
school,
by
race/
ethnicity,
sex,
and
age:
October
1980
to
October
1997
...................................................................
16
Educational
Attainment
8.
Years
of
school
completed
by
persons
age
25
and
over
and
25
to
29,
by
race/
ethnicity
and
sex:
1910
to
1997
....................................................................
17
x
CONTENTS
9.
Highest
level
of
education
attained
by
persons
age
18
and
over,
by
age,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity:
March
1997
.............................................................
18
10.
Number
of
persons
age
18
and
over
who
hold
a
bachelor's
or
higher
degree,
by
field
of
study,
sex,
race,
and
age:
Spring
1993
....................................................
19
11.
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
state:
April
1990
..........
20
12.
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
state
and
race/
ethnicity:
April
1990
...................................................................................................................
21
13.
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
for
the
25
largest
states:
March
1996
.................................................................................................................
22
14.
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
for
the
15
largest
metropolitan
areas:
March
1995
................................................................................
22
Population
15.
Estimates
of
resident
population,
by
age
group:
July
1,
1970
to
July
1,
1997
.............
23
16.
Estimates
of
school­
age
resident
population,
by
race
and
sex:
July
1,
1970
to
July
1,
1997
.......................................................................................
23
17.
Estimated
total
and
school­
age
resident
populations,
by
state:
1970
to
1997
.............
24
Characteristics
of
Families
with
Children
18.
Families,
by
family
status
and
presence
of
own
children
under
18:
1970
to
1996
.......
25
19.
Characteristics
of
families
with
own
children
under
18,
by
family
status
and
race/
ethnicity:
1996
....................................................................................................
26
20.
Household
income
and
poverty
rates,
by
state:
1990,
1995,
and
1996
.......................
27
21.
Poverty
status
of
persons,
families,
and
children
under
18,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1959
to
1996
..............................................................................................................
28
Opinions
on
Education
22.
Average
grade
that
the
public
would
give
the
schools
in
their
community
and
in
the
nation
at
large:
1974
to
1998
.....................................................................................
29
23.
Items
most
frequently
cited
by
the
general
public
as
a
major
problem
facing
the
local
public
schools:
1970
to
1998
.....................................................................................
29
24.
Public
opinion
of
public
and
private
school
choice:
1989
to
1998
................................
30
25.
Percent
of
elementary
and
secondary
school
children
whose
parents
are
involved
in
school
activities
and
distribution
of
children
by
average
grades,
by
selected
child,
parent,
and
school
characteristics:
1996
......................................
30
26.
Percent
of
elementary
school
children
whose
parents
are
involved
in
educationrelated
activities,
by
selected
child,
parent,
and
school
characteristics:
1996
..........
31
27.
Teachers'
perceptions
about
serious
problems
in
their
schools,
by
type
and
control
of
school:
1990
 
91
and
1993
 
94
...............................................................................
31
28.
Teachers'
perceptions
about
teaching
and
school
conditions,
by
type
and
control
of
school:
1993
 
94
.........................................................................................................
32
29.
Public's
level
of
confidence
in
various
institutions:
1996
and
1998
..............................
33
xi
CONTENTS
Charitable
Contributions
30.
Percentage
of
households
contributing
to
education
and
other
charitable
organizations
and
average
annual
donation,
by
type
of
charity:
1989,
1991,
1993,
and
1995
......................................................................................
33
Finances
31.
Total
expenditures
of
educational
institutions
related
to
the
gross
domestic
product,
by
level
of
institution:
1959
 
60
to
1997
 
98
...............................................................
34
32.
Total
expenditures
of
educational
institutions,
by
level
and
control
of
institution:
1899
 
1900
to
1997
 
98
..............................................................................................
35
33.
Estimated
total
expenditures
of
educational
institutions,
by
level,
control
of
institution,
and
source
of
funds:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
................................................................
36
34.
Governmental
expenditures,
by
level
of
government
and
function:
1970
 
71
to
1993
 
94
..................................................................................................
37
35.
Direct
general
expenditures
of
state
and
local
governments
for
all
functions
and
for
education,
by
level
and
state:
1994
 
95
.....................................................................
38
36.
Direct
general
expenditures
per
capita
of
state
and
local
governments
for
all
functions
and
for
education,
by
level
and
state:
1994
 
95
.........................................
39
37.
Gross
domestic
product,
state
and
local
expenditures,
personal
income,
disposable
personal
income,
median
family
income,
and
population:
1929
to
1997
..................
40
38.
Gross
domestic
product
deflator,
Consumer
Price
Index,
education
price
indexes,
and
federal
budget
composite
deflator:
1919
to
1998
...............................................
41
2.
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Enrollment
39.
Historical
summary
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
statistics:
1869
 
70
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
50
40.
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level
and
state:
Fall
1982
to
fall
1997
..................................................................................................
52
41.
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade
and
state:
Fall
1996
.....................................................................................................................
54
42.
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade
and
state:
Fall
1995
.....................................................................................................................
56
43.
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade:
Fall
1982
to
fall
1996
..................................................................................................
58
44.
Average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
59
45.
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
race
or
ethnicity
and
state:
Fall
1986
and
fall
1996
.....................................................................................
60
46.
Enrollment
of
3­,
4­,
and
5­
year­
old
children
in
preprimary
programs,
by
level
and
control
of
program
and
by
attendance
status:
October
1965
to
October
1997
.........
61
47.
Children
of
prekindergarten
through
second
grade
age,
by
enrollment
status,
maternal
characteristics,
and
household
income:
1991,
1993,
and
1995
.................
62
xii
CONTENTS
48.
Percent
of
public
school
kindergarten
teachers
indicating
the
importance
of
various
factors
for
kindergarten
readiness:
Spring
1993
........................................................
62
49.
Child
care
arrangements
of
preschool
children,
by
age
and
household
characteristics:
1991
and
1995
................................................................
63
50.
Participation
of
public
kindergarten
children
in
selected
activities
5
days
a
week,
by
length
and
size
of
class
and
teacher
preparation:
Spring
1993
...........................
63
51.
Number
of
hours
children
age
5
and
under
spend
in
center­
based
programs,
by
child
and
maternal
characteristics,
and
household
income:
1995
.....................................
64
52.
Public
school
pupils
transported
at
public
expense
and
current
expenditures
for
transportation:
1929
 
30
to
1995
 
96
..........................................................................
65
53.
Children
0
to
21
years
old
served
in
federally
supported
programs
for
the
disabled,
by
type
of
disability:
1976
 
77
to
1996
 
97
.................................................................
66
54.
Percentage
distribution
of
disabled
persons
3
to
21
years
old
receiving
education
services
for
the
disabled,
by
age
group
and
educational
environment:
1995
 
96
.....
67
55.
State
legislation
on
gifted
and
talented
programs
and
number
and
percent
of
students
receiving
services
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1993
 
94
and
1995
 
96
................................................................................
67
56.
Number
of
children
served
under
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
and
Chapter
1
of
the
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act,
State
Operated
Programs,
by
age
group
and
state:
1990
 
91
to
1996
 
97
.........................
68
57.
Enrollment
in
grades
9
to
12
in
public
and
private
schools
compared
with
population
14
to
17
years
of
age:
1889
 
90
to
fall
1997
..............................................................
69
58.
Enrollment
in
foreign
language
courses
compared
with
enrollment
in
grades
9
to
12
in
public
secondary
schools:
Fall
1948
to
fall
1994
...................................................
70
59.
Student
participation
in
school
programs
and
services,
by
control,
level
of
school,
and
type
of
community:
1993
 
94
..................................................................
71
Private
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools
60.
Private
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment,
teachers,
and
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
Fall
1995
.............................................................................
71
61.
Private
elementary
and
secondary
staff
and
student/
staff
ratios,
by
level
and
orientation
of
school:
1993
 
94
...................................................................................
72
62.
Private
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment
and
schools,
by
amount
of
tuition,
level,
and
orientation
of
school:
1993
 
94
..................................................................
73
63.
Summary
statistics
on
Catholic
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level:
1919
 
20
to
1997
 
98
..................................................................................................
73
64.
Private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
enrollment,
teachers,
and
high
school
graduates,
by
state:
Fall
1995
........................................................................
74
Teachers
and
Other
Instructional
Staff
65.
Public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
teachers
and
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
by
level:
Fall
1955
to
fall
1998
...................................................................................
75
66.
Public
elementary
and
secondary
teachers,
by
level
and
state:
Fall
1992
to
fall
1997
..................................................................................................
76
xiii
CONTENTS
67.
Teachers,
enrollment,
and
pupil/
teacher
ratios
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
Fall
1991
to
fall
1996
....................................................................
77
68.
Teachers
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
1993
 
94
.............................................................................................
78
69.
Highest
degree
earned,
number
of
years
teaching
experience,
and
average
class
size
for
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1993
 
94
..
79
70.
Selected
characteristics
of
public
school
teachers:
Spring
1961
to
spring
1996
..........
80
71.
Public
secondary
school
teachers,
by
subject
taught:
Spring
1966
to
spring
1996
.....
81
72.
Percent
of
vocational
and
nonvocational
public
school
teachers
of
grades
9
to
12,
by
selected
demographic
and
educational
characteristics:
1993
 
94
........................
81
73.
Mobility
of
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
teachers,
by
selected
school
and
teacher
characteristics:
1987
 
88
to
1994
 
95
.........................................
82
74.
Average
salaries
for
full­
time
teachers
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
1993
 
94
.........................................
83
75.
Opinions
of
public
school
teachers
on
the
overall
quality
of
education
that
students
received
at
their
school,
by
selected
characteristics:
1987
and
1997
.......................
84
76.
Percent
of
public
school
teachers
who
reported
opinions
on
various
aspects
of
their
schools:
1987
and
1997
.............................................................................................
84
77.
Percent
of
public
school
students
who
reported
various
levels
of
parental/
guardian
involvement
in
their
education,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1997
................
84
78.
Estimated
average
annual
salary
of
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1959
 
60
to
1997
 
98
....................................................................................
85
79.
Estimated
average
annual
salary
of
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
.....................................................................
86
80.
Minimum
and
average
teacher
salaries,
by
state:
1990
 
91,
1995
 
96,
and
1996
 
97
..
87
81.
Average
annual
salary
of
instructional
staff
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1939
 
40
to
1997
 
98
.....................................................................
88
82.
Estimated
average
annual
salary
of
instructional
staff
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
and
average
annual
earnings
of
full­
time
employees
in
all
industries:
1929
 
30
to
1997
 
98
.................................................................................
89
83.
Staff
employed
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
systems,
by
functional
area:
1949
 
50
to
fall
1996
.........................................................................................
90
84.
Staff
employed
in
public
school
systems,
by
type
of
assignment
and
state:
Fall
1996
.....................................................................................................................
91
85.
Staff
employed
in
public
school
systems,
by
type
of
assignment
and
state:
Fall
1995
.....................................................................................................................
92
86.
Staff
and
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
Fall
1990
to
fall
1996
..................................................................................................
93
87.
Staff,
enrollment,
and
pupil/
staff
ratios
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
Fall
1990
to
fall
1996
...................................................................................
94
xiv
CONTENTS
88.
Principals
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
1993
 
94
.............................................................................................
95
Schools
and
School
Districts
89.
Public
elementary
and
secondary
students,
schools,
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
and
finances,
by
type
of
locale:
1995
and
1996
...............................................................
96
90.
Public
school
districts
and
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1929
 
30
to
1996
 
97
..................................................................................................
97
91.
Public
school
districts
and
enrollment,
by
size
of
district:
1988
 
89
to
1996
 
97
...........
97
92.
Number
and
percentage
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
education
agencies,
by
state
and
type
of
agency:
1995
 
96
and
1996
 
97
................................................
98
93.
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
...........................................................................................................
99
94.
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
...........................................................................................
108
95.
Enrollment
of
the
130
largest
public
school
districts:
Fall
1996
....................................
116
96.
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
type
of
school:
1967
 
68
to
1996
 
97
...
117
97.
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
type
and
size
of
school:
1996
 
97
........
117
98.
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
type
and
state:
1990
 
91
to
1996
 
97
...
118
99.
Public
elementary
schools,
by
grade
span
and
average
school
size,
by
state:
1996
 
97
......................................................................................................................
119
100.
Public
secondary
schools,
by
grade
span
and
average
school
size,
by
state:
1996
 
97
......................................................................................................................
120
High
School
Seniors,
Completions,
and
Dropouts
101.
High
school
graduates
compared
with
population
17
years
of
age,
by
sex
and
control
of
school:
1869
 
70
to
1997
 
98
......................................................................
121
102.
Public
high
school
graduates,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
......................................
122
103.
High
school
graduates
and
dropouts
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
race/
ethnicity
and
state:
1995
 
96
.........................................................................
123
104.
General
Educational
Development
(
GED)
credentials
issued,
and
number
and
age
of
test
takers:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
1971
to
1996
................................
124
105.
Percent
of
high
school
dropouts
(
status
dropouts)
among
persons
16
to
24
years
old,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
April
1960
to
October
1997
.............................
124
106.
Percent
of
high
school
dropouts
(
status
dropouts)
among
persons
16
to
34
years
old,
by
age,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity:
October
1970
to
October
1997
..............
125
107.
Students
with
disabilities
exiting
the
educational
system,
by
age,
type
of
disability,
and
basis
of
exit:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
1993
 
94
and
1994
 
95
............
126
108.
Postsecondary
education
and
employment
status,
wages
earned,
and
living
arrangements
of
special
education
students
out
of
secondary
school
up
to
3
years,
by
type
of
disability:
1990
............................................................................
126
xv
CONTENTS
Educational
Achievement
109.
Average
student
proficiency
in
reading,
by
age
and
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1971
to
1996
...............................................................................................
127
110.
Student
proficiency
in
reading,
by
percentile
and
age:
1971
to
1996
...........................
128
111.
Student
proficiency
in
reading,
by
age,
amount
of
time
spent
on
homework,
and
reading
habits:
1984,
1994,
and
1996
.......................................................................
129
112.
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
reading
proficiency
levels,
by
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
age:
1971
to
1996
........................................................................
130
113.
Average
proficiency
in
reading
for
4th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
selected
characteristics,
region,
and
state:
1994
.....................................................................
131
114.
Percentage
distribution
of
4th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
time
spent
on
homework
and
television
viewing
each
day:
1992
and
1996
........
132
115.
Average
writing
performance
of
4th­,
8th­,
and
11th­
graders,
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1984
to
1996
..................................................................
133
116.
Student
values
and
attitudes
toward
writing,
by
grade
level:
1984,
1990,
1992,
and
1994
......................................................................................
134
117.
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
history
proficiency
levels,
by
selected
characteristics
and
grade
level:
1994
........................................................................
134
118.
Average
student
proficiency
in
geography
and
U.
S.
history,
by
student
characteristics:
1994
...................................................................................................
135
119.
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
geography
proficiency
levels,
by
selected
characteristics
and
grade
level:
1994
........................................................................
135
120.
Average
mathematics
proficiency,
by
age
and
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1973
to
1996
...............................................................................................
136
121.
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
mathematics
proficiency
levels,
by
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
control
of
school,
and
age:
1978
to
1996
..............................
137
122.
Mathematics
attainment
for
8th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
region
and
state:
1996
..................................................................................................................
138
123.
Mathematics
attainment
for
4th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
region
and
state:
1996
..................................................................................................................
139
124.
Selected
characteristics
of
8th­
grade
students
in
public
schools,
by
region
and
state:
1992
..........................................................................................
140
125.
Mathematics
proficiency
of
17­
year­
olds,
by
highest
mathematics
course
taken,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity:
1978
to
1996
................................................................................
141
126.
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
science
proficiency
levels,
by
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
control
of
school,
and
age:
1977
to
1996
...........................................
142
127.
Average
proficiency
in
science
for
8th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
selected
characteristics
and
state:
1996
..................................................................................
143
128.
Average
science
proficiency,
by
age
and
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1970
to
1996
..............................................................................................................
144
129.
Twelfth
graders'
achievement
on
history,
mathematics,
reading,
and
science
tests:
1992
............................................................................................................................
145
xvi
CONTENTS
130.
Performance
of
8th­
grade
students
in
music,
theatre,
and
visual
arts,
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1997
................................................................................
145
131.
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
score
averages,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1987,
1996,
and
1997
................................................................................................
146
132.
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
score
averages
for
college­
bound
high
school
seniors,
by
sex:
1966
 
67
to
1997
 
98
......................................................................................
146
133.
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
score
averages,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1996
and
1997
...........................................................................................................
147
134.
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
score
averages,
by
state:
1987
to
1997
..........................
148
135.
American
College
Testing
(
ACT)
score
averages,
by
sex:
1970
to
1997
.....................
149
136.
Average
number
of
Carnegie
units
earned
by
public
high
school
graduates
in
various
subject
fields,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
to
1994
...............................
150
137.
Average
number
of
Carnegie
units
earned
by
public
school
graduates
in
vocational
education
courses,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
to
1994
....................................
151
138.
Percentage
of
high
school
graduates
taking
selected
mathematics
and
science
courses
in
high
school,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
1982
to
1994
................
152
139.
Percent
of
high
school
graduates
earning
minimum
credits
in
selected
combinations
of
academic
courses,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
1982
to
1994
..........
152
Student
Activities
and
Behavior
140.
Reasons
given
by
12th­
graders
for
taking
current
mathematics
and
science
classes,
by
selected
student
and
school
characteristics:
1992
.................................
153
141.
Expected
occupations
of
8th­,
10th­,
and
12th­
graders
at
age
30,
by
selected
student
and
school
characteristics:
1988,
1990,
and
1992
............................................
153
142.
Eighth­,
10th­,
and
12th­
graders'
attitudes
about
school
climate,
by
student
and
school
characteristics:
1988,
1990,
and
1992
...........................................................
154
143.
Percentage
of
3­
to
5­
year­
olds
who
were
read
to
every
day
in
the
last
week
by
a
family
member:
1993,
1995,
and
1996
......................................................................
154
144.
Participation
of
10th­
and
12th­
graders
in
extracurricular
activities,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1990
and
1992
..................................................
155
145.
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
who
plan
to
go
to
college
after
graduation,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
and
1992
................................................................
155
146.
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
who
say
they
engage
in
various
activities,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
and
1992
..................................................................................
156
147.
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
who
participate
in
selected
school­
sponsored
extracurricular
activities,
by
student
characteristics:
1980
and
1992
........................
156
148.
Percentage
of
students
in
grades
9
through
12
who
reported
experience
with
drugs
and
violence
on
school
property,
by
race/
ethnicity,
grade,
and
sex:
1995
and
1997
............................................................................................................................
157
149.
Percent
of
12­
to
17­
year­
olds
reporting
drug
use
during
the
past
30
days
and
the
past
year:
1982
to
1996
.............................................................................................
157
150.
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
reporting
drug
use,
by
type
of
drug
and
frequency
of
use:
1975
to
1997
..................................................................................................
158
xvii
CONTENTS
151.
Percent
of
students
(
grades
7
to
12)
who
feel
that
certain
problems
are
very
serious:
1996
............................................................................................................................
158
State
Regulations
152.
Ages
for
compulsory
school
attendance,
special
education
services
for
students,
policies
for
kindergarten
programs,
and
year­
round
schools,
by
state:
1997
and
1995
...........................................................................................................
159
153.
Tenth­
and
12th­
graders'
attendance
patterns,
by
selected
student
and
school
characteristics:
1990
and
1992
..................................................................................
160
154.
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
......
161
155.
States
using
minimum­
competency
testing,
by
government
level
setting
standards,
grade
levels
assessed,
and
expected
uses
of
standards:
1995
 
96
..........................
167
156.
States
requiring
testing
for
initial
certification
of
teachers,
by
authorization,
year
enacted,
year
effective,
and
test
used:
1990
and
1998
............................................
168
Revenues
and
Expenditures
157.
Revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
source
of
funds:
1919
 
20
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
169
158.
Revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
source
and
state:
1995
 
96
......................................................................................................................
170
159.
Revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
source
and
state:
1994
 
95
......................................................................................................................
171
160.
Funds
and
staff
for
state
education
agencies,
by
source
of
funding
and
state:
1992
 
93
......................................................................................................................
172
161.
Summary
of
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
purpose:
1919
 
20
to
1995
 
96
...................................................................................
173
162.
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
subfunction:
1990
 
91
to
1995
 
96
..............................................................................
174
163.
Expenditures
for
instruction
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
subfunction
and
state:
1994
 
95
and
1995
 
96
......................................................
175
164.
Current
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
...................................................................................
176
165.
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
state:
1995
 
96
............................................................................................................
178
166.
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
state:
1994
 
95
............................................................................................................
180
167.
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
...................................................
182
168.
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
fall
enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
.....................................................................
184
169.
Total
and
current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1919
 
20
to
1997
 
98
..................................................................................................
186
xviii
CONTENTS
3
 
A.
Postsecondary
Education:
College
and
University
Education
Enrollment
170.
Enrollment
and
staff
in,
and
degrees
conferred
by,
degree­
granting
and
nondegreegranting
postsecondary
institutions:
1995
 
96
and
fall
1995
and
1996
.....................
194
171.
Historical
summary
of
faculty,
students,
degrees,
and
finances
in
institutions
of
higher
education:
1869
 
70
to
1995
 
96
.....................................................................
195
172.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex
of
student,
and
control
of
institution:
1947
to
1996
........................................................
196
173.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1965
to
1996
......................................
197
174.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
age:
1970
to
2008
...............................................................................................
198
175.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level,
sex,
age,
and
attendance
status
of
student:
1995
............................................................................
199
176.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution,
and
age
and
attendance
status
of
student:
1995
.....................................
200
177.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level
of
enrollment,
sex,
attendance
status,
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
1996
..........................................................................................
201
178.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution,
attendance
status,
and
sex
of
student:
1970
to
1996
................................................................................................
202
179.
Fall
enrollment
and
number
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
affiliation
of
institution:
1980
to
1996
....................................................................
203
180.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution,
and
attendance
status,
sex,
and
level
of
student:
1994
to
1996
....................................................................................
205
181.
Total
first­
time
freshmen
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
sex
of
student,
attendance
status,
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1955
to
fall
1996
................................................................
206
182.
Total
first­
time
freshmen
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
control
of
institution,
and
state:
Fall
1992
to
fall
1996
...
207
183.
College
enrollment
rates
of
high
school
graduates,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1960
to
1997
...
208
184.
College
enrollment
rates
of
high
school
graduates,
by
sex:
1960
to
1997
...................
209
185.
Graduation,
college
preparation,
and
college
application
rates
of
high
school
students,
by
selected
school
characteristics:
1993
 
94
..............................................
209
186.
Enrollment
rates
of
18­
to
24­
year­
olds
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1967
to
1997
..................................................................................
210
187.
Total
undergraduate
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student,
attendance
status,
and
control
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
.........................
210
188.
Total
graduate
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex
of
student,
and
control
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
.................................
211
xix
CONTENTS
189.
Total
first­
professional
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex
of
student,
and
control
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
.........
211
190.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1970
to
1996
............................................................................
212
191.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1970
to
1996
............................................................................
213
192.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
private
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1970
to
1996
............................................................................
214
193.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
all
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
..........................................................................................
215
194.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
..................................................................................
216
195.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
private
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
..................................................................................
217
196.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
type
of
institution,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
.........................................................................
218
197.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
enrollment
and
state:
1994
to
1996
....................................................................................................
219
198.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
level
of
enrollment,
and
state:
1996
...........................................................................................................
220
199.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
level
of
enrollment,
and
state:
1995
...........................................................................................................
221
200.
Full­
time­
equivalent
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degreegranting
institutions,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
.......................
222
201.
Full­
time­
equivalent
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
type
of
institution,
and
state:
1994
to
1996
........................................................................
223
202.
Full­
time­
equivalent
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
and
state:
1980
to
1996
....................................................................................................
224
203.
Residence
and
migration
of
all
freshmen
students
in
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
Fall
1996
...................................................................................
225
204.
Residence
and
migration
of
all
freshmen
students
in
degree­
granting
institutions
graduating
from
high
school
in
the
past
12
months,
by
state:
Fall
1996
..................
226
205.
Residence
and
migration
of
all
freshmen
students
in
4­
year
colleges
graduating
from
high
school
in
the
past
12
months,
by
state:
Fall
1996
.............................................
227
206.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1976
to
1996
..............................................................................................................
228
207.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level
of
study,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1976
to
1996
..............................................................................................................
229
208.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level,
attendance
status,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1995
and
1996
...........................................................................................................
231
xx
CONTENTS
209.
Total
number
of
institutions
and
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
percentage
minority
enrollment:
1996
..............
233
210.
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity
of
student
and
by
state:
1992
to
1996
........................................................................................
234
211.
Number
and
percent
of
students
enrolled
in
postsecondary
institutions,
by
disability
status
and
selected
student
characteristics:
1995
 
96
...............................................
235
212.
Enrollment
of
persons
14
to
34
years
of
age
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity,
sex,
and
year
of
college:
October
1965
to
October
1997
.............
236
213.
Enrollment
in
postsecondary
education,
by
major
field
of
study,
age,
and
level
of
student:
1995
 
96
........................................................................................................
237
214.
Graduate
enrollment
in
science
and
engineering
programs
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
field
of
study:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
fall
1985
to
fall
1996
...................................................................................................
238
215.
Degree­
granting
2­
year
and
4­
year
institutions,
by
type,
control,
and
size
of
enrollment:
Fall
1996
..................................................................................................
239
216.
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
.........................................................................................................
240
217.
Enrollment
of
the
120
largest
college
and
university
campuses:
Fall
1996
..................
246
218.
Selected
statistics
on
historically
black
colleges
and
universities:
1980,
1990,
and
1996
................................................................................................
247
219.
Fall
enrollment,
degrees
conferred,
and
expenditures
in
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
by
institution:
1996
..........................................................................
248
220.
Fall
enrollment
in
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1976
to
1996
.............................................................................................
250
Staff
221.
Employees
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
primary
occupation,
employment
status,
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1976,
fall
1991,
and
fall
1995
.........................
250
222.
Employees
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity,
primary
occupation,
employment
status
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1995
.............................
251
223.
Employees
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
primary
occupation,
sex,
employment
status,
and
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1995
.......................
252
224.
Staff
and
student/
staff
ratios
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
Fall
1995
..........................................................................
253
Faculty
225.
Full­
time
and
part­
time
senior
instructional
faculty
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
employment
status,
control,
and
type
of
institution:
Fall
1970
to
fall
1995
..........
254
226.
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity,
academic
rank,
and
sex:
Fall
1995
............................................................................
254
227.
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
instruction
activities
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
.......................
255
228.
Part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
instruction
activities
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
.......................
256
xxi
CONTENTS
229.
Percentage
distribution
of
full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
program
area,
race/
ethnicity,
and
sex:
Fall
1992
.....................................................................................................................
257
230.
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
selected
characteristics
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
.....................................................................................................................
258
231.
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control,
academic
rank,
age,
salary,
race/
ethnicity,
and
sex:
Fall
1992
.............................................................................................................
260
232.
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
faculty
characteristics
and
field:
Fall
1992
..........................................
262
233.
Average
base
salaries
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
field
of
instruction:
1987
 
88
and
1992
 
93
...............................................................................................
264
234.
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1980
 
81,
1990
 
91,
1995
 
96,
and
1996
 
97
..............................................................
265
235.
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
control
and
type
of
institution:
1970
 
71
to
1996
 
97
.................................................................................
266
236.
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
degreegranting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
1996
 
97
..........
268
237.
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
1995
 
96
..........
269
238.
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
4­
year
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
rank
of
faculty
and
by
state:
1996
 
97
................................................................................................
270
239.
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
4­
year
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
rank
of
faculty
and
by
state:
1995
 
96
....................................................................................
271
240.
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
with
tenure
for
institutions
reporting
tenure
status,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
1980
 
81,
1990
 
91,
1995
 
96,
and
1996
 
97
..............................................................
272
Institutions
241.
Institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
273
242.
Degree­
granting
institutions
of
higher
education
and
branches,
by
type,
control
of
institution,
and
state:
1996
 
97
...................................................................................
274
243.
Institutions
of
higher
education
that
have
closed
their
doors,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1960
 
61
to
1996
 
97
.................................................................................
275
Degrees
244.
Earned
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1869
 
70
to
2007
 
08
.........................................................................
276
245.
Degrees
awarded
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
level
of
degree,
and
state:
1995
 
96
............................................................................................................
277
xxii
CONTENTS
246.
Earned
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
by
state:
1994
 
95
and
1995
 
96
................................................................................
278
247.
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1989
 
90
to
1993
 
94
....................................................................
279
248.
Associate
degrees
and
other
subbaccalaureate
awards
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
length
of
curriculum,
sex
of
student,
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
......................................................................................................................
280
249.
Associate
degrees
and
other
subbaccalaureate
awards
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
length
of
curriculum,
sex
of
student,
and
field
of
study:
1994
 
95
......................................................................................................................
281
250.
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
discipline
division:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
....................................................................................
282
251.
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
discipline
division:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
283
252.
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
discipline
division:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
284
253.
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
.........................................
285
254.
Degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
293
255.
Degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution,
level
of
degree,
and
discipline
division:
1995
 
96
...............................................................
293
256.
Degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution,
level
of
degree,
and
discipline
division:
1994
 
95
...............................................................
294
257.
Number
of
institutions
of
higher
education
conferring
degrees,
by
level
of
degree
and
discipline
division:
1995
 
96
........................................................................................
295
258.
Number
of
institutions
of
higher
education
conferring
degrees,
by
level
of
degree
and
discipline
division:
1994
 
95
........................................................................................
296
259.
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education
in
dentistry,
medicine,
and
law,
by
sex,
and
number
of
institutions
conferring
degrees:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
297
260.
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student,
control
of
institution,
and
field
of
study:
1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96
.....................
298
261.
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
........................................................
299
262.
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
.........................................
300
263.
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
.........................................
301
264.
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
........................................................
302
265.
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
.........................................
303
xxiii
CONTENTS
266.
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
.........................................
304
267.
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................
305
268.
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
.........................................
306
269.
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
.........................................
307
270.
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................
308
271.
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
.....................................................
309
272.
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
.....................................................
310
273.
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
...................................
311
274.
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
.....................
312
275.
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
.....................
312
276.
Earned
degrees
in
agriculture
and
natural
resources
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
.......
313
277.
Earned
degrees
in
architecture
and
related
programs
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
.......
313
278.
Earned
degrees
in
the
biological/
life
sciences
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1951
 
52
to
1995
 
96
..................
314
279.
Earned
degrees
in
biology,
microbiology,
and
zoology
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
......................................
314
280.
Earned
degrees
in
business
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1955
 
56
to
1995
 
96
....................................
315
281.
Earned
degrees
in
communications
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
....................................
315
282.
Earned
degrees
in
computer
and
information
sciences
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
.......
316
283.
Earned
degrees
in
education
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
....................................
316
284.
Earned
degrees
in
engineering
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
....................................
317
285.
Earned
degrees
in
chemical,
civil,
electrical,
and
mechanical
engineering
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
...........
317
286.
Earned
degrees
in
English
language
and
literature/
letters
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
.......
318
xxiv
CONTENTS
287.
Earned
degrees
in
modern
foreign
languages
and
literatures
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
318
288.
Earned
degrees
in
French,
German,
and
Spanish
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
.................................................
319
289.
Earned
degrees
in
the
health
professions
and
related
sciences
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
319
290.
Earned
degrees
in
mathematics
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
....................................
320
291.
Earned
degrees
in
the
physical
sciences
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
..................
320
292.
Earned
degrees
in
chemistry,
geology,
and
physics
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
......................................
321
293.
Earned
degrees
in
psychology
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
by
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
.............................................
321
294.
Earned
degrees
in
public
administration
and
services
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
...
322
295.
Earned
degrees
in
the
social
sciences
and
history
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................
322
296.
Earned
degrees
in
economics,
history,
political
science
and
government,
and
sociology
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
323
297.
Earned
degrees
in
visual
and
performing
arts
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................
323
298.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees,
by
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
...
324
299.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
education:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
325
300.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
engineering:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
325
301.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
humanities:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
326
302.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
life
sciences:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
326
303.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
physical
sciences:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
327
304.
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
social
sciences:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
327
305.
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
60
large
institutions
of
higher
education:
1986
 
87
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
328
Outcomes
306.
Percentage
distribution
of
1980
high
school
sophomores,
by
highest
level
of
education
completed
through
1992,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1980
to
1992
..............................................................................................................
329
xxv
CONTENTS
307.
Mean
number
of
semester
credits
completed
by
bachelor's
degree
recipients,
by
major
and
course
area:
1976,
1984,
and
1992
 
93
..............................................
330
308.
Colleges
and
universities
offering
remedial
services,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1987
 
88
to
1996
 
97
.................................................................................
331
309.
Percent
distribution
of
enrollment
and
completion
status
of
first­
time
postsecondary
students
starting
during
the
1989
 
90
academic
year,
by
type
of
institution
and
other
student
characteristics:
1994
............................................................................
332
310.
Scores
on
Graduate
Record
Examination
(
GRE)
and
subject
matter
tests:
1965
to
1997
..............................................................................................................
333
Student
Charges
and
Student
Financial
Assistance
311.
Average
undergraduate
tuition
and
fees
and
room
and
board
rates
paid
by
full­
time­
equivalent
students
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1964
 
65
to
1997
 
98
.............................................
334
312.
Average
undergraduate
tuition
and
fees
and
room
and
board
rates
paid
by
full­
time­
equivalent
students
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
1996
 
97
and
1997
 
98
....................................
336
313.
Average
graduate
and
first­
professional
tuition
in
institutions
of
higher
education:
1987
 
88
to
1997
 
98
..................................................................................................
337
314.
Percent
of
undergraduates
receiving
financial
aid,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
and
selected
student
characteristics:
1995
 
96
.................................................................
338
315.
Average
amount
of
financial
aid
awarded
in
1995
 
96
per
student,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
and
selected
characteristics
.................................................................
339
316.
Undergraduates
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
aid
status
and
source
of
aid
during
1995
 
96,
and
control
and
level
of
institution
..................................................
340
317.
Percent
of
undergraduates
receiving
aid,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
received,
and
by
control
and
level
of
institution:
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96
.........................................
341
318.
Undergraduates
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
federal
aid
program
and
by
control
and
level
of
institution:
1995
 
96
....................................................................
342
319.
Postbaccalaureate
students
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
aid
status,
source
of
aid,
and
by
level
of
study
and
control
and
level
of
institution:
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96
...............................................................................................
343
320.
Postbaccalaureate
students
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
type
of
aid
and
by
level
of
study,
control,
and
level
of
institution:
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96
......................
344
321.
Scholarship
and
fellowship
awards
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degreegranting
institutions,
by
control
of
institution:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
..........................
345
322.
Pell
Grant
revenue
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions
compared
to
current­
fund
revenue
and
tuition,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
.............................................................................
346
323.
State
awards
for
need­
based
undergraduate
scholarship
and
grant
programs,
by
state:
1983
 
84
to
1995
 
96
...................................................................................
347
Income
324.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
348
xxvi
CONTENTS
325.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
349
326.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
private
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
350
327.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
private
nonprofit
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
................................................................................
351
328.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
source
of
funds:
1919
 
20
to
1995
 
96
...............................................
352
329.
Revenue
of
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
source
of
funds,
and
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1995
 
96
................................................................................................
353
330.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degreegranting
institutions,
by
state:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................
354
331.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
source
of
funds
and
state:
1995
 
96
............................................................................................................
355
332.
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source
of
funds
and
state:
1994
 
95
.....................................................................................................
356
333.
Current­
fund
revenue
from
state
and
local
governments
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
..............
357
334.
Current­
fund
revenue
received
from
the
federal
government
by
the
120
institutions
of
higher
education
receiving
the
largest
amounts:
1995
 
96
....................................
358
Expenditures
335.
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
expenditures
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
359
336.
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
purpose
and
per
student:
1929
 
30
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
360
337.
Expenditures
of
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
purpose
and
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1995
 
96
................................................................................................
362
338.
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
purpose:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
364
339.
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
purpose:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
365
340.
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
private
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
purpose:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
366
341.
Voluntary
support
for
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source
and
purpose
of
support:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
....................................................................................
366
342.
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
universities,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
367
343.
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
4­
year
colleges,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
368
344.
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
2­
year
colleges,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
369
xxvii
CONTENTS
345.
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
(
nonprofit)
universities,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
370
346.
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
(
nonprofit)
4­
year
colleges,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
..............................................................................
371
347.
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degreegranting
institutions,
by
state:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
..................................................
372
348.
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
......................................
373
349.
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
..................................................................................................
374
350.
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
nonprofit
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
state:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
.................
375
351.
Current­
fund
expenditures
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
and
type
of
institution
and
purpose
of
expenditure:
1995
 
96
......................................................................................................................
376
Property
352.
Additions
to
physical
plant
value
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
of
addition
and
control
of
institution:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
............................................
376
353.
Value
of
property
and
liabilities
of
institutions
of
higher
education:
1899
 
1900
to
1995
 
96
..............................................................................................
377
354.
Endowment
funds
of
the
120
institutions
of
higher
education
with
the
largest
amounts:
Fiscal
year
1996
.........................................................................................
378
3
 
B.
Postsecondary
Education:
Vocational
and
Adult
Education
Adult
Education
355.
Participation
of
employed
persons,
17
years
old
and
over,
in
adult
education
during
the
previous
12
months,
by
selected
characteristics
of
participants:
1995
...............
379
356.
Participation
in
adult
education
during
the
previous
12
months
by
adults
17
years
old
and
older,
by
selected
characteristics
of
participants:
1991
and
1995
................
381
357.
Participants
in
adult
basic
and
secondary
education
programs,
by
level
of
enrollment
and
state:
Fiscal
years
1980,
1990,
and
1995
..........................................................
383
Vocational
Education
358.
Number
of
noncollegiate
institutions
offering
postsecondary
education,
by
control
and
state:
1993
 
94,
1994
 
95,
and
1995
 
96
............................................
384
4.
Federal
Programs
for
Education
and
Related
Activities
359.
Federal
support
and
estimated
federal
tax
expenditures
for
education,
by
category:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
..........................................................................................
397
360.
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
agency:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
...........
398
361.
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
.................................................
400
362.
Estimated
federal
support
for
education,
by
agency
and
type
of
ultimate
recipient:
Fiscal
year
1998
.........................................................................................................
412
xxviii
CONTENTS
363.
Federal
on­
budget
funds
obligated
for
programs
administered
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education:
Fiscal
years
1980
to
1998
.......................................
413
364.
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
outlays,
by
level
of
education
and
type
of
recipient:
Fiscal
years
1980
to
1998
..........................................................................................
415
365.
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
obligations
for
major
programs,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
year
1997
.........................................................................................................
416
366.
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
obligations
for
major
programs,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
year
1996
.........................................................................................................
417
367.
Appropriations
for
Title
I
and
Title
VI,
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
(
ESEA)
of
1994,
by
state
or
other
area:
1996
 
97
and
1997
 
98
...............................
418
368.
Federal
science
and
engineering
obligations
to
colleges
and
universities,
by
agency
and
state:
Fiscal
year
1996
........................................................................................
419
369.
Summary
of
federal
funds
for
research,
development,
and
R&
D
plant:
Fiscal
years
1990
to
1998
..............................................................................................................
420
370.
Federal
obligations
to
colleges
and
universities
for
research
and
development,
by
field:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
1980
to
1995
...............................................
422
371.
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
obligations
for
child
nutrition
programs,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
years
1996
and
1997
....................................................................
423
372.
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
allocations
for
Head
Start
and
enrollment
in
Head
Start,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
years
1994
to
1997
...........
424
373.
Public
school
students
receiving
federally
funded
free
or
reduced
price
lunches,
by
selected
school
characteristics:
School
year
1993
 
94
.........................................
425
374.
Public
and
private
school
students
receiving
federally
funded
Chapter
I
services,
by
selected
school
characteristics:
School
year
1993
 
94
..........................
425
5.
Outcomes
of
Education
Educational
Characteristics
of
the
Workforce
375.
Percent
of
18­
to
25­
year­
olds
reporting
drug
use
during
the
past
30
days
and
the
past
year:
1982
to
1996
.............................................................................................
431
376.
Percent
of
1972,
1982,
and
1992
high
school
seniors
who
felt
that
certain
life
values
were
``
very
important,''
by
sex:
1972
to
1994
............................................................
431
377.
Labor
force
participation
of
persons
16
years
old
and
over,
by
age,
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
highest
level
of
education:
1997
..................................................
432
378.
Occupation
of
employed
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
educational
attainment
and
sex:
1997
.............................................................................................................
432
379.
Unemployment
rate
of
persons
16
years
old
and
over,
by
age,
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
highest
degree
attained:
1995,
1996,
and
1997
.................................................
433
380.
Median
annual
income
of
year­
round
full­
time
workers
25
years
old
and
over,
by
level
of
education
completed
and
sex:
1989
to
1997
...........................................
434
381.
Total
annual
money
income
and
median
income
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
educational
attainment
and
sex:
1996
..................................................................
435
382.
College
enrollment
and
labor
force
status
of
1996
and
1997
high
school
graduates,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
October
1996
and
October
1997
.....................................
436
xxix
CONTENTS
Recent
High
School
and
College
Graduates
383.
Labor
force
status
of
1979
 
80
to
1996
 
97
high
school
dropouts,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
October
1980
to
October
1997
...................................................................
437
384.
Employment
of
12th­
graders,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1992
......................
438
385.
Full­
time
employment
status
of
bachelor's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field
of
study:
1976
to
1991
...................................................................................
439
386.
Employment
status
of
1992
 
93
bachelor's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field
of
study
and
occupational
area:
1994
........................................
440
387.
Percentage
of
1992
 
93
bachelor's
degree
recipients
pursuing
further
education
within
one
year
after
graduation,
by
type
of
enrollment
and
undergraduate
major:
April
1994
........................................................................................................
441
388.
Average
annual
salary
of
bachelor's
degree
recipients
employed
full
time
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field
of
study:
1976
to
1994
.......................................................
441
389.
Participation
of
young
adults
in
voluntary
or
community
service
activities,
by
selected
characteristics:
1992
to
1994
.....................................................................................
442
390.
Literacy
skills
of
adults,
16
years
old
and
over,
by
selected
characteristics:
1992
......
443
6.
International
Comparisons
of
Education
391.
School­
age
populations
as
a
percent
of
total
population:
Selected
countries,
1985,
1990,
and
1995
................................................................
450
392.
Percent
of
population
enrolled
in
secondary
and
postsecondary
institutions,
by
age
group:
Selected
countries,
1985,
1990,
and
1995
.....................................................
450
393.
Estimated
population,
school
enrollment,
teachers,
and
public
expenditures
for
education
in
major
areas
of
the
world:
1980,
1990,
1994,
and
1995
........................
451
394.
Selected
statistics
for
countries
with
populations
over
10
million,
by
continent:
1980,
1990,
and
1995
................................................................................................
452
395.
Pupils
per
teacher
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level
of
education:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1995
...........................................
454
396.
Geography
proficiency
of
13­
year­
olds
in
educational
systems
participating
in
the
International
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress:
1991
.........................................
454
397.
Average
8th­
grade
mathematics
scores
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
studying
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
.............................................................
455
398.
Instructional
practices
and
time
spent
teaching
mathematics
in
8th­
grade,
by
country:
1994
 
95
...................................................................................................
456
399.
Average
8th­
grade
science
scores
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
studying
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
.............................................................
457
400.
Instructional
practices
and
time
spent
teaching
science
in
8th­
grade,
by
country:
1994
 
95
......................................................................................................................
458
401.
Average
size
of
8th­
grade
mathematics
classes,
and
frequency
teachers
assign
mathematics
homework,
by
country:
1994
 
95
..........................................................
459
402.
Eighth­
grade
students'
perceptions
about
mathematics
achievement
and
hours
spent
on
leisure
activities,
by
country:
1994
 
95
..................................................................
460
xxx
CONTENTS
403.
Average
4th­
grade
mathematics
scores,
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
studying
mathematics
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
..............................
461
404.
Average
4th­
grade
science
scores,
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
teaching
science
in
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
...............................................................
462
405.
Average
12th­
grade
mathematics
scores,
by
sex,
and
average
time
spent
studying
mathematics
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
......................................................
463
406.
Average
12th­
grade
science
scores,
by
sex,
and
average
time
spent
studying
science
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
..............................................................
464
407.
Reading
literacy
test
scores
of
9­
year­
olds:
Selected
countries,
1992
.........................
465
408.
Reading
literacy
test
scores
of
14­
year­
olds:
Selected
countries,
1992
.......................
466
409.
Number
of
bachelor's
degree
recipients
per
100
persons
of
the
theoretical
age
of
graduation,
by
sex:
Selected
countries,
1989
to
1995
..............................................
467
410.
Percent
of
bachelor's
degrees
awarded
in
science:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1995
..............................................................................
467
411.
Percent
of
graduate
degrees
awarded
in
science:
Selected
countries,
1985,
1990,
and
1991
................................................................
468
412.
Public
education
expenditures
per
student,
by
level
of
student:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1993
..............................................................................
468
413.
Total
public
direct
expenditures
for
education
as
a
percentage
of
gross
domestic
product,
by
level
of
education:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1994
.............................
469
414.
Foreign
students
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education
in
the
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
by
continent,
region,
and
selected
countries
of
origin:
1980
 
81
to
1996
 
97
..................................................................................................
470
7.
Learning
Resources
and
Technology
Libraries
415.
Percentage
of
school
library/
media
centers
that
offered
selected
services
and
equipment,
and
library/
media
center
expenditures,
by
control
and
level
of
school:
1993
 
94
......................................................................................................................
473
416.
Selected
statistics
on
of
public
school
library/
media
centers,
by
level
and
enrollment
size
of
school:
1993
 
94
...........................................................................
474
417.
Selected
statistics
on
public
school
library/
media
centers,
by
state:
1993
 
94
.............
475
418.
Percent
of
public
and
private
schools
having
access
to
selected
telecommunication
capabilities,
by
location
of
access
site
and
level
of
school:
1995
.............................
476
419.
Percent
of
public
schools
and
school
classrooms
having
access
to
the
Internet,
by
school
charecteristics:
1994
to
1998
.....................................................................
477
420.
General
statistics
of
college
and
university
libraries:
1974
 
75
to
1994
 
95
..................
478
421.
Selected
statistics
on
the
collections,
staff,
and
operating
expenditures
of
60
large
college
and
university
libraries:
1994
.........................................................................
479
422.
General
statistics
of
public
libraries,
by
population
of
legal
service
area:
1995
...........
480
423.
Public
libraries,
books
and
serial
volumes,
library
visits,
and
reference
transactions,
by
state:
1995
.......................................................................................
480
xxxi
CONTENTS
Computers
and
Technology
424.
Percent
of
workers,
18
years
old
and
over,
using
computers
on
the
job,
by
selected
characteristics
and
computer
activities:
October
1993
and
October
1997
...............................................................................
481
425.
Access
to
and
use
of
home
computers,
by
selected
characteristics
of
students
and
other
users:
October
1997
...................................................................
482
426.
Percent
of
home
computer
users
using
specific
applications,
by
selected
characteristics:
October
1997
.....................................................................................
483
427.
Percent
of
student
home
computer
users
using
specific
applications,
by
selected
characteristics:
October
1997
.....................................................................................
483
428.
Student
use
of
computers,
by
level
of
instruction
and
selected
characteristics:
1984
to
1997
..............................................................................................................
484
Guide
to
Sources
Appendix
Tables
A1.
Respondent
counts
for
selected
High
School
and
Beyond
surveys
.............................
513
A2.
Design
effects
(
DEFF)
and
root
design
effects
(
DEFT)
for
selected
High
School
and
Beyond
surveys
and
subsamples
..............................................................................
514
A3.
Respondent
counts
for
the
National
Educational
Longitudinal
Study:
1988,
1990,
and
1992
................................................................................................
514
A4.
Design
effects
(
DEFF)
and
root
design
effects
(
DEFT)
for
selected
National
Educational
Longitudinal
Survey
samples
.................................................................
515
A5.
Respondent
counts
of
full­
time
workers
from
the
Recent
College
Graduate
survey:
1976
to
1991
..............................................................................................................
515
A6.
Estimated
standard
errors
for
enrollment
rates
in
the
October
Current
Population
Survey:
1996
or
1997
.................................................................................................
516
A7.
Estimated
education
attainment
rates
and
standard
errors
in
the
March
Current
Population
Survey
......................................................................................................
516
A8.
Standard
errors
for
the
proportion
of
seniors
who
had
used
drugs
in
the
previous
12
months:
1975
to
1995
...........................................................................................
516
A9.
Sampling
errors
(
95
percent
confidence
level)
for
percentages
estimated
from
the
Gallup
Poll:
1992
and
1993
........................................................................................
517
A10.
Sampling
errors
(
95
percent
confidence
level)
for
the
difference
in
2
percentages
estimated
from
the
Gallup
Poll:
1992
and
1993
........................................................
517
A11.
Maximum
differences
required
for
significance
(
90
percent
confidence
level)
between
sample
subgroups
of
the
``
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher''
survey
.........................................................................................................
517
1
INTRODUCTION
In
the
fall
of
1998,
about
67.3
million
persons
were
enrolled
in
American
schools
and
colleges
(
table
1).
About
3.8
million
were
employed
as
elementary
and
secondary
school
teachers
and
as
college
faculty.
Other
professional,
administrative,
and
support
staff
of
educational
institutions
numbered
4.2
million.
Thus
about
75
million
people
were
involved,
directly
or
indirectly
in
providing
or
receiving
formal
education.
In
a
nation
with
a
population
of
about
270
million,
more
than
1
out
of
every
4
persons
participated
in
formal
education.

Elementary/
Secondary
Enrollment
Since
the
enrollment
rates
of
kindergarten
and
elementary
school
age
children
have
not
changed
much
in
recent
years,
increases
in
elementary
school
enrollment
have
been
driven
primarily
by
increases
in
the
number
of
young
people.
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
rose
19
percent
between
1985
and
1998.
The
fastest
growth
occurred
in
the
elementary
grades,
where
enrollment
rose
24
percent
over
the
same
period,
from
27.0
million
to
a
record
high
of
33.5
million
in
1998
(
table
2).
Secondary
enrollments
declined
8
percent
from
1985
to
1990,
but
then
rose
by
17
percent
from
1990
to
1998,
for
a
net
increase
of
7
percent.
Private
school
enrollment
grew
more
slowly
than
public
school
enrollment
over
this
period,
rising
7
percent,
from
5.6
million
in
1985
to
5.9
million
in
1998.
As
a
result,
the
percentage
of
students
enrolled
in
private
schools
declined
slightly
from
12
percent
in
1985
to
11
percent
in
1998.
The
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES)
forecasts
record
levels
of
enrollment
during
the
late
1990s.
The
fall
1998
public
school
enrollment
marks
a
new
record
and
new
records
are
expected
every
year
through
the
early
2000s
(
table
3).
Public
elementary
enrollment
is
projected
to
grow
slowly
over
the
next
few
years
and
then
decline
slightly,
so
that
the
fall
2008
projection
is
almost
the
same
as
the
1998
enrollment.
In
contrast,
public
secondary
school
enrollment
is
expected
to
have
a
substantial
increase
of
11
percent
between
1998
and
2008.

Higher
Education
College
enrollment
hit
a
record
level
of
14.5
million
in
fall
1992
and
was
expected
to
reach
a
new
high
in
1998,
after
falling
slightly
between
1993
and
1995
(
table
3).
Despite
decreases
in
the
traditional
collegeage
population
during
the
1980s
and
early
1990s,
total
enrollment
has
increased
because
of
the
high
enrollment
rate
of
older
women
and
a
rising
rate
of
college
attendance
for
recent
high
school
graduates
(
tables
183
and
184).
Since
1980,
the
number
of
part­
time
students
has
generally
increased
at
a
faster
rate
than
full­
time
students
(
table
172).

Teachers
An
estimated
3.1
million
elementary
and
secondary
school
teachers
were
engaged
in
classroom
instruction
in
the
fall
of
1998
(
table
4).
This
number
has
risen
in
recent
years,
up
about
17
percent
since
1988.
The
number
of
public
school
teachers
in
1998
was
about
2.7
million
and
the
number
in
private
schools
was
about
0.4
million.
About
1.9
million
teachers
taught
in
elementary
schools,
while
about
1.2
million
were
teaching
at
the
secondary
level
(
table
4).
The
number
of
public
school
teachers
has
risen
at
about
the
same
rate
as
the
number
of
students
over
the
past
10
years,
resulting
in
very
small
changes
in
the
pupil/
teacher
ratio.
In
the
fall
of
1998,
there
were
17.2
public
school
pupils
per
teacher
compared
with
17.3
public
school
pupils
per
teacher
10
years
earlier
During
the
same
time
period,
the
pupil/
teacher
ratio
in
private
schools
fell
from
15.2
to
14.9
(
table
65).
Despite
the
historical
trend
towards
lower
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
the
fluctuations
since
1990
suggest
stability
in
the
pupil/
teacher
ratio.
The
salaries
of
public
school
teachers,
which
lost
purchasing
power
to
inflation
during
the
1970s,
rose
faster
than
the
inflation
rate
in
the
1980s.
The
rising
salaries
reflected
an
interest
by
state
and
local
education
agencies
in
boosting
teacher
salary
schedules
and,
to
some
extent,
an
increase
in
teachers'
experience
and
education
levels
(
tables
70
and
78).
Since
1990
 
91,
salaries
for
teachers
have
fallen
slightly
after
adjusting
for
inflation.
The
average
salary
for
teachers
in
1997
 
98
was
$
39,385.

Public
Perception
Public
perception
about
problems
facing
the
local
public
schools
has
shifted
in
the
past
several
years.
Between
1985
and
1990,
an
increasing
proportion
of
people
believed
that
drug
use
was
a
major
problem
facing
schools.
Then,
the
proportion
of
people
who
2
INTRODUCTION
felt
drug
use
was
a
major
problem
facing
schools
fell,
from
38
percent
in
1990
to
10
percent
in
1998.
In
the
latest
survey,
lack
of
discipline
was
cited
by
14
percent
of
the
population;
fighting,
gangs,
and
violence
was
cited
by
15
percent;
and
the
lack
of
financial
support
was
cited
as
a
major
problem
by
12
percent
of
the
population
(
table
23).

Faculty
and
Staff
During
the
fall
of
1995,
there
were
932,000
faculty
members
in
higher
education
institutions.
Making
up
this
figure
were
551,000
full­
time,
and
381,000
parttime
faculty
(
table
223).
In
1992,
full­
time
instructors
generally
taught
more
hours
and
more
students
than
part­
time
instructors,
with
61
percent
of
full­
time
instructors
teaching
8
or
more
hours
per
week
and
two­
thirds
teaching
50
or
more
students.
About
30
percent
of
part­
time
instructors
taught
8
or
more
hours
per
week
and
30
percent
taught
50
or
more
students
(
tables
227
and
228).
White
males
constituted
a
disproportionate
share
of
full­
time
college
faculty
in
1995.
Overall,
about
57
percent
of
full­
time
faculty
are
white
males.
However,
this
distribution
varies
substantially
by
rank
of
faculty.
Among
full
professors,
the
proportion
of
white
males
is
75
percent.
The
proportion
is
somewhat
lower
among
the
lower
ranked
faculty,
with
white
males
making
up
39
percent
of
the
lecturers
(
table
230).

Student
Performance
Reading
Overall,
the
reading
achievement
scores
for
the
country's
9­,
13­,
and
17­
year­
old
students
are
mixed.
Reading
performance
scores
for
9­
and
13­
year­
olds
were
somewhat
higher
in
1996
than
they
were
in
1971.
However,
there
has
been
little
change
since
the
mid­
1980s.
The
reading
performance
of
17­
year­
olds
was
about
the
same
in
1996
as
it
was
in
1971.
Black
13­
and
17­
year­
olds
exhibited
higher
reading
performance
in
1996
than
in
1971.
Black
9­
year­
olds'
performance
improved
significantly
between
1971
and
1980,
but
it
has
not
improved
further
The
performance
levels
of
white
9­
and
13­
yearolds
also
rose
between
1971
and
1996.
Separate
data
for
Hispanics
were
not
gathered
in
1971,
but
changes
between
1975
and
1996
indicate
an
increase
among
9­
year­
olds.
There
was
no
significant
difference
between
the
1975
and
1996
reading
performance
of
13­
and
17­
year­
old
Hispanics
(
table
109).

Mathematics
Results
from
assessments
of
mathematics
proficiency
indicate
that
9­
and
13­
year­
old
students
improved
their
performance
between
1973
and
1996.
However,
there
has
been
very
little
change
for
9­
year­
olds
since
1990,
and
the
performance
of
older
students
on
advanced
mathematical
operations
has
been
stable.
The
proportion
of
17­
year­
olds
who
demonstrated
skill
with
moderately
complex
procedures
and
reasoning
rose
from
52
percent
in
1978
to
60
percent
in
1996.
During
the
same
time
period,
the
proportion
of
17­
year­
olds
with
skill
in
multistep
problem
solving
and
algebra
remain
unchanged
(
tables
120
and
121).
White,
black,
and
Hispanic
students
improved
their
mathematics
performance
between
1973
and
1996,
among
all
three
age
groups.
Mathematics
scores
for
white,
black,
and
Hispanic
9­,
13­,
and
17­
year­
olds
improved
between
1986
and
1996
(
table
120).
A
1996
voluntary
assessment
of
the
states
found
that
mathematics
proficiency
varied
widely
among
eighth­
graders
in
the
42
jurisdictions
(
40
states,
Guam,
and
the
District
of
Columbia)
that
participated
in
the
program
(
table
122).
Overall,
62
percent
of
eighth­
grade
students
performed
at
or
above
the
basic
level
in
mathematics.
Only
four
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
Guam
had
fewer
than
50
percent
of
students
performing
at
least
at
the
basic
level
in
math.
Ten
states
had
70
percent
or
more
of
their
students
performing
at
or
above
the
basic
level.

Science
Long­
term
changes
in
science
performance
have
been
mixed,
though
changes
over
the
past
10
years
have
been
generally
positive.
In
1996,
science
performance
among
17­
year­
olds
was
lower
than
in
1970,
but
higher
than
in
1986.
The
science
performance
level
of
13­
year­
olds
was
higher
in
1996
than
in
1986,
recouping
the
earlier
declines.
The
science
performance
of
9­
year­
olds
increased
between
1986
and
1996,
after
showing
no
significant
change
between
1970
and
1986
(
table
128).
The
science
performance
of
white
9­
and
13­
yearolds
was
about
the
same
in
1996
as
it
was
in
1970,
and
the
performance
of
17­
year­
olds
was
lower
in
1996.
However,
the
performance
at
each
of
the
three
age
groups
was
higher
in
1996
than
in
1986.
Black
and
Hispanic
9­
and
13­
year­
olds
had
higher
science
performance
in
1996
than
in
the
1970s.
Black
17­
year­
olds
showed
a
decline
through
1982
and
an
increase
by
1996.
Despite
significant
gains
by
younger
black
and
Hispanic
students,
their
average
performance
remains
lower
than
for
white
students.
Although
the
performance
gap
between
black
and
white
students
has
narrowed,
the
science
performance
for
black
13­
year­
olds
was
slightly
lower
than
the
average
for
white
9­
year­
olds
in
1996
(
table
128).

International
Comparisons
The
results
of
a
1995
international
assessment
in
math
and
science
show
that
U.
S.
4th­
and
8th­
graders
compare
more
favorably
with
other
countries
in
3
INTRODUCTION
science
than
in
mathematics.
In
mathematics,
U.
S.
8th­
graders
scored
below
the
international
average,
falling
below
20
of
the
41
countries
tested.
Fourthgraders
performed
above
the
international
average
of
26
countries
tested,
scoring
below
seven
countries,
including
Singapore,
Korea,
and
Japan.
Students
at
both
the
fourth­
and
eighth­
grade
levels
scored
above
the
international
average
in
science.
Eighthgrade
students
in
the
United
States
were
outperformed
by
4
out
of
41
countries.
Fourth­
grade
students
once
again
compared
more
favorably
with
their
international
counterparts
than
8th­
grade
students.
Only
one
country
outperformed
the
U.
S.
students
in
science
out
of
26
countries
who
participated
in
the
fourth­
grade
assessment
(
tables
397,
399,
403,
and
404).
The
international
standing
of
U.
S.
students
was
stronger
at
the
8th­
grade
than
at
the
12th­
grade
in
both
mathematics
and
science
among
the
countries
that
participated
in
the
assessments
at
both
grade
levels.
U.
S.
12th­
graders
performed
below
the
international
average
and
among
the
lowest
of
the
21
countries
on
the
assessment
of
mathematics
general
knowledge.
U.
S.
students
were
outperformed
by
those
in
14
countries,
and
outperformed
those
in
2
countries.
U.
S.
12th­
graders
also
performed
below
the
international
average
and
among
the
lowest
scoring
of
the
21
countries
on
the
assessment
of
science
general
knowledge.
U.
S.
students
were
outperformed
by
students
in
11
countries,
and
they
outperformed
students
in
2
countries.
Our
students'
scores
were
not
significantly
different
from
those
of
seven
countries
including
France,
Germany,
Italy
and
the
Russian
Federation
(
Pursuing
Excellence,
12th
grade,
pages
17
and
18)
(
tables
405
and
406).

Graduates
and
Degrees
The
number
of
high
school
graduates
in
1997
 
98
totaled
about
2.7
million.
Approximately
2.4
million
graduated
from
public
schools
and
less
than
0.3
million
graduated
from
private
schools.
The
number
of
high
school
graduates
has
declined
from
its
peak
in
1976
 
77
when
3.2
million
people
earned
their
diplomas
The
dropout
rate
declined
over
this
period,
from
14
percent
of
all
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
in
1977
to
11
percent
in
1997
(
tables
101
and
105).
The
number
of
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education
during
the
1997
 
98
school
year
by
degree
level
has
been
projected:
520,000
associate
degrees;
1,172,000
bachelor's
degrees;
406,000
master's
degrees
78,400
first­
professional
degrees;
and
45,200
doctor's
degrees
(
table
244).
The
Bureau
of
the
Census
has
collected
annual
statistics
on
the
educational
attainment
of
the
population
in
terms
of
years
of
school
completed.
Between
1980
and
1997,
the
proportion
of
the
adult
population
25
years
of
age
and
over
with
4
years
of
high
school
or
more
rose
from
69
percent
to
82
percent,
and
the
proportion
of
adults
with
at
least
4
years
of
college
increased
from
17
percent
to
24
percent.
In
contrast,
the
proportion
of
young
adults
(
25­
to
29­
year­
olds)
completing
high
school
showed
a
small
increase
of
about
2
percentage
points
(
table
8).

Expenditures
Expenditures
for
public
and
private
education,
from
preprimary
through
graduate
school,
are
estimated
at
$
584
billion
for
1997
 
98.
The
expenditures
of
elementary
and
secondary
schools
are
expected
to
total
about
$
351
billion
for
1997
 
98,
while
those
for
institutions
of
higher
education
will
be
about
$
233
billion.
Viewed
in
another
context,
the
total
expenditures
for
education
are
expected
to
amount
to
about
7.2
percent
of
the
gross
domestic
product
in
1997
 
98,
about
the
same
percentage
as
in
the
recent
past
(
table
31).

Summary
The
statistical
highlights
in
this
section
of
the
report
provide
a
quantitative
description
of
the
current
American
education
scene.
Clearly,
from
the
large
number
of
participants,
the
number
of
years
that
people
spend
in
school,
and
the
large
sums
expended
by
educational
institutions,
it
is
evident
that
the
American
people
have
a
high
regard
for
education.
Assessment
data
indicate
that
there
have
been
improvements
in
mathematics
and
science
performance
between
1986
and
1996.
A
high
proportion
of
high
school
graduates
are
going
on
to
college.
Yet,
wide
variations
in
student
proficiency
from
state
to
state
and
mediocre
mathematics
scores
of
American
students
in
international
assessments
pose
challenges.

NOTE:
Readers
should
be
aware
of
the
limitations
of
statistics.
These
limitations
vary
with
the
exact
nature
of
a
particular
survey.
For
example,
estimates
based
on
a
sample
of
institutions
will
differ
somewhat
from
the
figures
that
would
have
been
obtained
if
a
complete
census
had
been
taken
using
the
same
survey
procedures.
Although
some
of
the
surveys
conducted
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
are
census­
type
surveys,
all
surveys
are
subject
to
design,
reporting
and
processing
errors
and
errors
due
to
nonresponse
More
information
on
survey
methodologies
can
be
found
in
the
``
Guide
to
Sources''
in
the
appendix.
Price
indexes
for
inflation
adjustments
can
be
found
in
table
38.
5
CHAPTER
1
All
Levels
of
Education
This
chapter
provides
a
broad
overview
of
education
in
the
United
States.
It
brings
together
material
from
preprimary,
elementary,
secondary,
and
postsecondary
education
and
from
the
general
population
to
present
a
composite
picture
of
the
American
educational
system.
Tables
illustrate
the
total
number
of
persons
enrolled
in
school,
the
number
of
teachers,
the
number
of
schools,
and
total
expenditures
for
education
at
all
levels.
This
chapter
also
includes
statistics
on
education­
related
topics
such
as
educational
attainment,
family
characteristics,
population,
and
opinions
about
schools.
Economic
indicators
and
price
indexes
have
been
added
to
assist
researchers
in
preparing
comparative
analyses.
Figure
1
shows
the
structure
of
education
in
the
United
States.
It
presents
the
three
levels
of
education
(
elementary,
secondary,
and
postsecondary)
and
gives
the
approximate
age
range
of
persons
at
each
level.
Pupils
ordinarily
spend
from
6
to
8
years
in
the
elementary
grades,
which
may
be
preceded
by
1
or
2
years
in
nursery
school
and
kindergarten.
The
elementary
school
program
is
followed
by
a
4­
to
6­
year
program
in
secondary
school.
Pupils
normally
complete
the
entire
program
through
grade
12
by
age
17
or
18.
High
school
graduates
who
decide
to
continue
their
education
may
enter
a
technical
or
vocational
institution,
a
2­
year
college,
or
a
4­
year
college
or
university.
A
2­
year
college
normally
offers
the
first
2
years
of
a
standard
4­
year
college
curriculum
and
a
selection
of
terminal
vocational
programs.
Academic
courses
completed
at
a
2­
year
college
are
usually
transferable
for
credit
at
a
4­
year
college
or
university
A
technical
or
vocational
institution
offers
postsecondary
technical
training
leading
to
a
specific
career
An
associate
degree
requires
at
least
2
years
of
college­
level
work,
and
a
bachelor's
degree
normally
can
be
earned
in
4
years.
At
least
1
year
beyond
the
bachelor's
is
necessary
for
a
master's
degree,
while
a
doctor's
degree
usually
requires
a
minimum
of
3
or
4
years
beyond
the
bachelor's.
Professional
schools
differ
widely
in
admission
requirements
and
in
program
length.
Medical
students,
for
example,
generally
complete
a
4­
year
program
of
premedical
studies
at
a
college
or
university
before
they
can
enter
the
4­
year
program
at
a
medical
school.
Law
programs
normally
require
3
years
of
coursework
beyond
the
bachelor's
degree
level.
Many
of
the
statistics
in
this
chapter
are
derived
from
the
statistical
activities
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
In
addition,
substantial
contributions
have
been
drawn
from
the
work
of
other
groups,
both
government
and
nongovernment,
as
shown
in
the
source
notes
of
the
appropriate
tables.
Information
on
survey
methodologies
is
in
the
``
Guide
to
Sources''
in
the
appendix
and
in
the
publications
cited
in
the
source
notes.

Enrollment,
Teachers,
and
Schools
Enrollment
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools
grew
rapidly
during
the
1950s
and
1960s
and
peaked
in
1971
(
table
3).
This
enrollment
rise
was
caused
by
what
is
known
as
the
``
baby
boom,''
a
dramatic
increase
in
births
following
World
War
II.
From
1971
to
1984,
total
elementary
and
secondary
school
enrollment
decreased
every
year,
reflecting
the
decline
in
the
school­
age
population
over
that
period.
After
these
years
of
decline,
enrollment
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools
started
increasing
in
fall
1985,
and
began
hitting
record
enrollment
levels
in
the
mid
1990s
(
table
3).
Public
school
enrollment
in
kindergarten
through
grade
eight
rose
from
28.5
million
in
fall
1988
to
an
estimated
33.5
million
in
fall
1998.
Enrollment
in
the
upper
grades
declined
from
11.7
million
in
1988
to
11.3
million
in
1990,
but
then
began
rising,
reaching
13.3
million
in
1998.
The
increase
from
1988
to
1998
was
most
rapid
in
the
elementary
grades,
but
this
pattern
is
expected
to
change.
The
growing
numbers
of
young
pupils
that
have
been
filling
the
elementary
schools
will
cause
significant
increases
at
the
secondary
school
level
during
the
next
decade.
Between
fall
1998
and
fall
2008,
public
elementary
enrollment
is
expected
to
remain
fairly
stable,
while
public
secondary
school
enrollment
is
expected
to
rise
by
11
percent.
Public
school
enrollment
is
projected
to
set
new
records
every
year
until
2006.
The
proportion
of
students
in
private
schools
and
colleges
has
changed
little
over
the
past
10
years.
The
percentage
of
private
elementary
and
secondary
students
decreased
slightly,
from
12
percent
in
1988
to
11
percent
in
1998,
and
the
percentage
of
college
6
ALL
LEVELS
OF
EDUCATION
students
who
attended
private
colleges
and
universities
remained
at
22
percent.
In
1998,
about
5.9
million
students
were
enrolled
in
private
schools
at
the
elementary
and
secondary
levels
and
3.2
million
students
in
institutions
of
higher
education
(
table
3).
College
enrollment
fell
from
14.5
million
in
fall
1992
to
14.3
million
in
fall
1996.
However,
total
college
enrollment
is
expected
to
increase
during
the
remainder
of
the
1990s,
as
increasing
numbers
of
high
school
graduates
pursue
higher
education.
Although
school
attendance
rates
among
5­
to
17­
year­
olds
have
remained
relatively
steady
over
the
past
10
years,
the
proportion
of
18­
and
19­
year­
olds
attending
high
school
or
college
rose
from
56
percent
in
1987
to
62
percent
in
1997.
The
proportion
of
20­
to
24­
year­
olds
enrolled
in
school
rose
from
26
percent
to
34
percent
during
the
same
time
period
(
table
6).
Americans
have
become
more
educated.
In
1997,
82
percent
of
the
population
25
years
old
and
over
had
completed
high
school
and
24
percent
had
completed
4
or
more
years
of
college.
This
represents
an
increase
from
1980,
when
69
percent
had
completed
high
school
and
17
percent
had
4
years
of
college
(
table
8).
In
1997,
about
5
percent
of
persons,
25
years
old
or
over,
held
a
master's
degree
as
their
highest
degree,
slightly
more
than
1
percent
held
a
professional
degree
(
e.
g.,
medicine
or
law),
and
1
percent
held
a
doctor's
degree
(
table
9).
An
estimated
3.1
million
elementary
and
secondary
school
teachers
were
engaged
in
classroom
instruction
in
the
fall
of
1998
(
table
4).
This
number
has
risen
about
17
percent
since
1988.
The
number
of
public
school
teachers
in
1998
was
about
2.7
million
and
the
number
in
private
schools
was
estimated
at
0.4
million.
About
1.9
million
teachers
were
teaching
in
elementary
schools,
while
about
1.2
million
were
employed
at
the
secondary
level
(
table
4).

Expenditures
Education
expenditures
rose
to
an
estimated
high
of
$
584
billion
in
the
1997
 
98
school
year.
Elementary
and
secondary
schools
spent
about
60
percent
of
this
total,
and
colleges
and
universities
accounted
for
the
remaining
40
percent
(
table
31).
An
estimated
7.2
percent
of
the
gross
domestic
product
was
spent
by
elementary
and
secondary
schools
and
colleges
and
universities
in
1997
 
98
(
table
31).
The
proportion
of
total
state
and
local
government
funds
spent
on
education
declined
between
1980
 
81
and
1993
 
94,
at
least
partly
as
a
result
of
the
drop
in
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment
in
the
early
part
of
the
decade,
and
the
expansion
of
other
governmental
services.
During
this
same
time
period,
the
proportion
of
federal
funds
spent
on
education
rose
(
table
34).
Of
the
1994
 
95
state
and
local
funds
spent
on
education,
about
70
percent
went
to
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
26
percent
to
colleges
and
universities,
and
4
percent
to
other
education
programs
(
table
35).
7
ALL
LEVELS
OF
EDUCATION
insert
fig
1
here
NOTE
 
Adult
education
programs,
while
not
separately
delineated
above,
may
provide
instruction
at
the
elementary,
secondary,
or
higher
education
level.
Chart
reflects
typical
patterns
of
progression
rather
than
all
possible
variations.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
8
ALL
LEVELS
OF
EDUCATION
Figure
2.­
Enrollment
and
total
expenditures
in
current
and
constant
dollars,
by
level
of
education:
1960
 
61
to
1997
 
98
Elementary
and
secondary
Total
Higher
education
Total
Elementary
and
secondary
Higher
education
Total
Elementary
and
secondary
Higher
education
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Nonpublic
Secondary
Schools;
Statistics
of
Nonpublic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
surveys.
$

$

NOTE.­
Data
for
1996­
97
are
preliminary
and
data
for
1997­
98
are
estimates.
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
School
year
beginning
Expenditures,
in
billions
of
constant
1997­
98
dollars
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
School
year
beginning
Expenditures,
in
billions
of
current
dollars
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
School
year
beginning
Enrollment,
in
millions
9
ALL
LEVELS
OF
EDUCATION
Less
than
12
years
4
years
of
high
school
or
more
4
or
more
years
of
college
Less
than
12
years
4
years
of
high
school
or
more
4
or
more
years
of
college
1997
1997
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20;
and
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
1960
Census
of
Population,
Vol.
1,
part
1;
and
Current
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
1960
Census
of
Population,
Vol.
1,
part
1;
and
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20;
and
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
Figure
3.­
Years
of
school
completed
by
persons
25
years
old
and
over:
1940
to
1997
1940
1950
1960
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
0
20
40
60
80
100
Year
Percent
of
persons
Figure
4.­
Years
of
school
completed
by
persons
25
to
29
years
of
age:
1940
to
1997
1940
1950
1960
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
0
20
40
60
80
100
Year
Percent
of
persons
10
ALL
LEVELS
OF
EDUCATION
Lack
of
discipline
Use
of
drugs
Lack
of
financial
support
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.

SOURCE:
"
The
Annual
Gallup
Poll
of
the
Public's
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools,"
Phi
Delta
Kappan,
various
years.
Total
persons
age
25
and
over
=
168.3
million
Some
college,
17.2%
High
school
graduate,
33.8%
Not
high
school
graduate,
17.9%

Doctor's,
1.0%
Professional,
1.4%

Master's,
5.4%

Bachelor's,
16.0%

Associate,
7.3%
Figure
5.
 
Highest
level
of
education
attained
by
persons
25
years
and
older:
March
1997
Not
high
school
grad
Doctor's
Professional
Master's
Bachelor's
Associate
Some
college
High
school
graduate
Figure
6.
 
Items
most
frequently
cited
by
the
public
as
a
major
problem
facing
the
local
public
schools:
1980
to
1998
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
0
10
20
30
40
Year
Percent
citing
problem
11
ALL
LEVELS:
ENROLLMENT
Table
1.
 
Estimated
number
of
participants
in
elementary
and
secondary
education
and
in
higher
education:
Fall
1998
[
In
millions]

Participants
All
levels
(
elementary,
secondary,
and
higher
education)
Elementary
and
secondary
schools
Institutions
of
higher
education
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total
..........................................................................................
75.4
58.6
52.0
6.6
16.8
12.9
3.9
Enrollment
1
..................................................................................
67.3
52.7
46.8
5.9
14.6
11.4
3.2
Teachers
and
faculty
....................................................................
3.8
3.1
2.7
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.2
Other
professional,
administrative,
and
support
staff
..................
4.2
2.8
2.5
0.2
1.5
1.0
0.5
1
Includes
enrollments
in
local
public
school
systems
and
in
most
private
schools
(
religiously
affiliated
and
nonsectarian).
Excludes
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children,
and
federal
schools.
Elementary
and
secondary
includes
most
kindergarten
and
some
nursery
school
enrollment.
Excludes
preprimary
enrollment
in
schools
that
do
not
offer
first
grade
or
above.
Higher
education
comprises
full­
time
and
part­
time
students
enrolled
in
degree­
credit
and
nondegree
credit
programs
in
universities,
other
4­
year
colleges,
and
2­
year
colleges.
NOTE.
 
The
enrollment
figures
include
all
students
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools
and
colleges
and
universities.
However,
the
data
for
teachers
and
other
staff
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools
and
colleges
and
universities
are
reported
in
terms
of
full­
time
equivalents.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
unpublished
projections
and
estimates.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
2.
 
Enrollment
in
educational
institutions,
by
level
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1980
to
fall
2005
[
In
thousands]

Level
of
instruction
and
type
of
control
Fall
1980
Fall
1985
Fall
1990
Fall
1991
Fall
1992
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Projected
fall
1997
Projected
fall
1998
Projected
fall
1999
Projected
fall
2000
Projected
fall
2005
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
All
levels
........................................................
58,305
57,226
60,267
61,605
62,686
63,241
63,986
64,803
65,674
66,170
67,309
67,871
68,334
69,942
Public
...................................................................
50,335
48,901
52,061
53,356
54,208
54,654
55,245
55,933
56,682
57,161
58,187
58,668
59,065
60,436
Private
..................................................................
7,971
8,325
8,206
8,248
8,478
8,587
8,741
8,869
8,993
9,010
9,121
9,203
9,269
9,506
Elementary
and
secondary
education
2
......................................
46,208
44,979
46,448
47,246
48,198
48,936
49,707
50,540
51,375
51,821
52,718
53,112
53,445
54,426
Public
..............................................................
40,877
39,422
41,217
42,047
42,823
43,465
44,111
44,840
45,592
45,953
46,792
47,143
47,439
48,335
Private
.............................................................
5,331
5,557
5,232
5,199
5,375
5,471
3
5,596
3
5,700
3
5,783
5,867
5,927
5,970
6,006
6,091
Grades
K
 
8
4
...................................................
31,639
31,229
33,973
34,580
35,300
35,784
36,258
36,772
37,245
37,495
38,110
38,338
38,543
38,376
Public
...........................................................
27,647
27,034
29,878
30,506
31,088
31,504
31,898
32,341
32,759
32,951
33,522
33,722
33,903
33,756
Private
.........................................................
3,992
4,195
4,095
3
4,074
3
4,212
3
4,280
3
4,360
3
4,431
3
4,486
4,545
4,588
4,616
4,640
4,620
Grades
9
 
12
...................................................
14,570
13,750
12,475
12,666
12,898
13,152
13,449
13,769
14,131
14,324
14,608
14,774
14,902
16,050
Public
...........................................................
13,231
12,388
11,338
11,541
11,735
11,961
12,213
12,500
12,834
13,003
13,270
13,420
13,537
14,579
Private
.........................................................
1,339
1,362
1,137
3
1,125
3
1,163
3
1,191
3
1,236
3
1,269
3
1,297
1,322
1,339
1,354
1,366
1,471
Higher
education
5
...............................................
12,097
12,247
13,819
14,359
14,487
14,305
14,279
14,262
14,300
14,350
14,590
14,758
14,889
15,516
Public
..............................................................
9,457
9,479
10,845
11,310
11,385
11,189
11,134
11,092
11,090
11,208
11,395
11,525
11,626
12,101
Undergraduate
6
..........................................
8,442
8,477
9,710
10,148
10,216
10,012
9,945
9,904
9,905
10,024
10,213
10,345
10,452
10,910
First­
professional
.........................................
114
112
112
111
111
114
114
115
116
107
106
105
104
108
Graduate
7
...................................................
901
890
1,023
1,050
1,058
1,064
1,075
1,074
1,068
1,076
1,077
1,075
1,070
1,084
Private
.............................................................
2,640
2,768
2,974
3,049
3,103
3,116
3,145
3,169
3,210
3,143
3,194
3,233
3,263
3,415
Undergraduate
6
..........................................
2,033
2,120
2,250
2,291
2,321
2,312
2,317
2,328
2,354
2,333
2,387
2,428
2,462
2,601
First­
professional
.........................................
163
162
162
169
170
179
181
183
181
169
167
166
165
170
Graduate
7
...................................................
443
486
563
589
611
625
647
659
675
640
640
639
636
644
1
Higher
education
data
are
preliminary.
2
Includes
enrollments
in
local
public
school
systems
and
in
most
private
schools
(
religiously
affiliated
and
nonsectarian).
Excludes
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children,
federal
schools,
and
homeschooled
children.
Based
on
Department
estimates,
the
home­
schooled
children
numbered
approximately
800,000
to
1,000,000
in
1997
 
98.
Excludes
preprimary
pupils
in
schools
that
do
not
offer
first
grade
or
above.
3
Estimated.
4
Includes
kindergarten
and
some
nursery
school
pupils.
5
Includes
full­
time
and
part­
time
students
enrolled
in
degree­
credit
and
nondegreecredit
programs
in
universities
and
2­
year
and
4­
year
colleges.
6
Includes
unclassified
students
below
the
baccalaureate
level.
7
Includes
unclassified
postbaccalaureate
students.

NOTE.
 
Higher
education
enrollment
projections
are
based
on
the
middle
alternative
projections
published
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
Because
of
rounding
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
and
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys,
and
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
12
ALL
LEVELS:
ENROLLMENT
Table
3.
 
Enrollment
in
educational
institutions,
by
level
and
by
control
of
institution:
1869
 
70
to
fall
2008
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total
enrollment,
all
levels
Elementary
and
secondary,
total
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
Private
elementary
and
secondary
schools
1
Higher
education
2
Total
Prekindergarten
through
grade
8
Grades
9
through
12
Total
Kindergarten
through
grade
8
Grades
9
through
12
Total
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1869
 
70
............................
 
 
6,872
6,792
80
 
 
 
52
 
 
1879
 
80
............................
 
 
9,868
9,757
110
 
 
 
116
 
 
1889
 
90
............................
14,491
14,334
12,723
12,520
203
1,611
1,516
95
157
 
 
1899
 
1900
........................
17,092
16,855
15,503
14,984
519
1,352
1,241
111
238
 
 
1909
 
10
............................
19,728
19,372
17,814
16,899
915
1,558
1,441
117
355
 
 
1919
 
20
............................
23,876
23,278
21,578
19,378
2,200
1,699
1,486
214
598
 
 
1929
 
30
............................
29,430
28,329
25,678
21,279
4,399
2,651
2,310
341
1,101
 
 
1939
 
40
............................
29,539
28,045
25,434
18,832
6,601
2,611
2,153
458
1,494
797
698
1949
 
50
............................
31,151
28,492
25,111
19,387
5,725
3,380
2,708
672
2,659
1,355
1,304
Fall
1959
...........................
44,497
40,857
35,182
26,911
8,271
5,675
4,640
1,035
3,640
2,181
1,459
Fall
1964
...........................
52,996
47,716
41,416
30,025
11,391
3
6,300
3
5,000
1,300
5,280
3,468
1,812
Fall
1965
...........................
54,394
48,473
42,173
30,563
11,610
6,300
4,900
1,400
5,921
3,970
1,951
Fall
1966
...........................
55,629
49,239
43,039
31,145
11,894
3
6,200
3
4,800
3
1,400
6,390
4,349
2,041
Fall
1967
...........................
56,803
49,891
43,891
31,641
12,250
3
6,000
3
4,600
3
1,400
6,912
4,816
2,096
Fall
1968
...........................
58,257
50,744
44,944
32,226
12,718
5,800
4,400
1,400
7,513
5,431
2,082
Fall
1969
...........................
59,055
51,050
45,550
32,513
13,037
3
5,500
3
4,200
3
1,300
8,005
5,897
2,108
Fall
1970
...........................
59,838
51,257
45,894
32,558
13,336
5,363
4,052
1,311
8,581
6,428
2,153
Fall
1971
...........................
60,220
51,271
46,071
32,318
13,753
3
5,200
3
3,900
3
1,300
8,949
6,804
2,144
Fall
1972
...........................
59,941
50,726
45,726
31,879
13,848
3
5,000
3
3,700
3
1,300
9,215
7,071
2,144
Fall
1973
...........................
60,047
50,445
45,445
31,401
14,044
3
5,000
3
3,700
3
1,300
9,602
7,420
2,183
Fall
1974
...........................
60,297
50,073
45,073
30,971
14,103
3
5,000
3
3,700
3
1,300
10,224
7,989
2,235
Fall
1975
...........................
61,004
49,819
44,819
30,515
14,304
3
5,000
3
3,700
3
1,300
11,185
8,835
2,350
Fall
1976
...........................
60,490
49,478
44,311
29,997
14,314
5,167
3,825
1,342
11,012
8,653
2,359
Fall
1977
...........................
60,003
48,717
43,577
29,375
14,203
5,140
3,797
1,343
11,286
8,847
2,439
Fall
1978
...........................
58,897
47,637
42,551
28,463
14,088
5,086
3,732
1,353
11,260
8,786
2,474
Fall
1979
...........................
58,221
46,651
41,651
28,034
13,616
3
5,000
3
3,700
3
1,300
11,570
9,037
2,533
Fall
1980
...........................
58,305
46,208
40,877
27,647
13,231
5,331
3,992
1,339
12,097
9,457
2,640
Fall
1981
...........................
57,916
45,544
40,044
27,280
12,764
3
5,500
3
4,100
3
1,400
12,372
9,647
2,725
Fall
1982
...........................
57,591
45,166
39,566
27,161
12,405
3
5,600
3
4,200
3
1,400
12,426
9,696
2,730
Fall
1983
...........................
57,432
44,967
39,252
26,981
12,271
5,715
4,315
1,400
12,465
9,683
2,782
Fall
1984
...........................
57,150
44,908
39,208
26,905
12,304
3
5,700
3
4,300
3
1,400
12,242
9,477
2,765
Fall
1985
...........................
57,226
44,979
39,422
27,034
12,388
5,557
4,195
1,362
12,247
9,479
2,768
Fall
1986
...........................
57,709
45,205
39,753
27,420
12,333
3
5,452
3
4,116
3
1,336
12,504
9,714
2,790
Fall
1987
...........................
58,254
45,488
40,008
27,933
12,076
5,479
4,232
1,247
12,767
9,973
2,793
Fall
1988
...........................
58,485
45,430
40,189
28,501
11,687
3
5,241
3
4,036
3
1,206
13,055
10,161
2,894
Fall
1989
...........................
59,436
45,898
40,543
29,152
11,390
3
5,355
3
4,162
3
1,193
13,539
10,578
2,961
Fall
1990
...........................
60,267
46,448
41,217
29,878
11,338
5,232
4,095
1,137
13,819
10,845
2,974
Fall
1991
...........................
61,605
47,246
42,047
30,506
11,541
3
5,199
3
4,074
3
1,125
14,359
11,310
3,049
Fall
1992
...........................
62,686
48,198
42,823
31,088
11,735
3
5,375
3
4,212
3
1,163
14,487
11,385
3,103
Fall
1993
...........................
63,241
48,936
43,465
31,504
11,961
3
5,471
3
4,280
3
1,191
14,305
11,189
3,116
Fall
1994
...........................
63,986
49,707
44,111
31,898
12,213
3
5,596
3
4,360
3
1,236
14,279
11,134
3,145
Fall
1995
...........................
64,803
50,540
44,840
32,341
12,500
3
5,700
3
4,431
3
1,269
14,262
11,092
3,169
Fall
1996
4
........................
65,674
51,375
45,592
32,759
12,834
3
5,783
3
4,486
3
1,297
14,300
11,090
3,210
Fall
1997
5
........................
66,170
51,821
45,953
32,951
13,003
5,867
4,545
1,322
14,350
11,208
3,143
Fall
1998
5
........................
67,309
52,718
46,792
33,522
13,270
5,927
4,588
1,339
14,590
11,395
3,194
Fall
1999
5
........................
67,871
53,112
47,143
33,722
13,420
5,970
4,616
1,354
14,758
11,525
3,233
Fall
2000
5
........................
68,334
53,445
47,439
33,903
13,537
6,006
4,640
1,366
14,889
11,626
3,263
Fall
2001
5
........................
68,728
53,736
47,698
34,055
13,643
6,038
4,661
1,376
14,992
11,705
3,287
Fall
2002
5
........................
69,040
53,987
47,924
34,124
13,800
6,063
4,671
1,392
15,053
11,751
3,303
Fall
2003
5
........................
69,338
54,153
48,075
34,124
13,951
6,078
4,671
1,407
15,185
11,849
3,335
Fall
2004
5
........................
69,657
54,308
48,221
33,958
14,263
6,087
4,648
1,439
15,349
11,975
3,374
Fall
2005
5
........................
69,942
54,426
48,335
33,756
14,579
6,091
4,620
1,471
15,516
12,101
3,415
Fall
2006
5
........................
70,160
54,457
48,368
33,584
14,785
6,088
4,597
1,491
15,703
12,242
3,461
Fall
2007
5
........................
70,305
54,425
48,342
33,489
14,854
6,082
4,584
1,498
15,880
12,378
3,502
Fall
2008
5
........................
70,351
54,268
48,201
33,455
14,746
6,067
4,579
1,488
16,083
12,534
3,549
1
Beginning
in
fall
1980,
data
include
estimates
for
an
expanded
universe
of
private
schools.
Therefore,
these
totals
may
differ
from
figures
shown
in
other
tables,
and
direct
comparisons
with
earlier
years
should
be
avoided.
2
Data
for
1869
 
70
through
1949
 
50
include
resident
degree­
credit
students
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.
Beginning
in
1959,
data
include
all
resident
and
extension
students
enrolled
at
the
beginning
of
the
fall
term.
3
Estimated.
4
Preliminary
data.
5
Projected.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Elementary
and
secondary
enrollment
includes
pupils
in
public
school
systems
and
in
most
private
schools
(
religiously
affiliated
and
nonsectarian),
but
generally
excludes
pupils
in
subcollegiate
departments
of
colleges,
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children,
federal
schools,
and
home­
schooled
children.
Based
on
Department
estimates
the
home­
schooled
children
numbered
approximately
800,000
to
1,000,000
in
1997
 
98.
Public
elementary
enrollment
includes
most
preprimary
school
pupils.
Private
elementary
enrollment
includes
some
preprimary
students.
Higher
education
includes
colleges,
universities,
professional
schools,
and
2­
year
colleges.
Higher
education
enrollment
projections
are
based
on
the
middle
alternative
projections
published
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Nonpublic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008;
Common
Core
of
Data;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
13
ALL
LEVELS:
TEACHERS
Table
4.
 
Teachers
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
and
senior
instructional
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution:
Fall
1970
to
fall
2008
[
In
thousands]

Fall
All
levels
Elementary
and
secondary
teachers
1
Higher
education
senior
instructional
staff
2
Total
Public
Private
Total
Elementary
teachers
Secondary
teachers
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1970
.....................
2,766
2,373
393
2,292
2,059
233
1,283
1,130
153
1,009
929
80
474
314
160
1975
.....................
3,081
2,641
440
2,453
2,198
3
255
1,353
1,181
3
172
1,100
1,017
3
83
628
443
185
1980
.....................
3,171
2,679
492
2,485
2,184
301
1,401
1,189
212
1,084
995
89
3
686
3
495
3
191
1981
.....................
3,145
2,636
509
2,440
2,127
3
313
1,404
1,183
3
221
1,037
945
3
92
705
509
196
1982
.....................
3,168
2,639
529
2,458
2,133
3
325
1,413
1,182
3
231
1,045
951
3
94
3
710
3
506
3
204
1983
.....................
3,200
2,651
549
2,476
2,139
337
1,426
1,186
240
1,050
953
97
724
512
212
1984
.....................
3,225
2,673
552
2,508
2,168
3
340
1,451
1,208
3
243
1,057
960
3
97
3
717
3
505
3
212
1985
.....................
3,264
2,709
555
2,549
2,206
343
1,483
1,237
246
1,066
969
97
3
715
3
503
3
212
1986
.....................
3,314
2,754
560
2,592
2,244
3
348
1,521
1,271
3
250
1,071
973
3
98
3
722
3
510
3
212
1987
.....................
3,424
2,831
593
2,631
2,279
3
353
1,563
1,306
3
257
1,068
973
3
95
4
793
4
553
4
240
1988
.....................
3,472
2,882
590
2,668
2,323
3
345
1,604
1,353
3
251
1,064
970
3
94
3
804
3
559
3
245
1989
.....................
3,558
2,934
624
2,734
2,357
3
377
1,662
1,387
3
275
1,072
970
3
102
824
577
247
1990
.....................
3,570
2,972
599
2,753
2,398
3
355
1,683
1,429
3
254
1,070
969
3
101
3
817
3
574
3
244
1991
.....................
3,613
3,013
600
2,787
2,432
3
355
1,722
1,468
3
254
1,065
964
3
101
826
581
245
1992
.....................
3,699
3,080
620
2,822
2,459
3
363
1,752
1,492
3
260
1,070
967
3
103
3
877
3
621
3
257
1993
.....................
3,785
3,154
631
2,870
2,504
3
366
1,775
1,513
3
262
1,095
991
3
104
915
650
265
1994
.....................
3,849
3,205
644
2,926
2,552
3
374
1,791
1,525
3
266
1,135
1,027
3
108
3
923
3
653
3
270
1995
.....................
3,910
3,255
655
2,978
2,598
3
380
1,794
1,525
3
269
1,184
1,073
3
111
932
657
275
1996
.....................
3,988
3,323
665
3,053
2,666
3
387
1,856
1,582
3
274
1,197
1,084
3
113
3
935
3
657
3
278
1997
5
..................
4,040
3,374
667
3,103
2,710
3
394
1,882
1,604
3
278
1,222
1,106
3
116
3
936
3
664
3
273
1998
5
..................
4,079
3,403
676
3,126
2,728
399
1,894
1,612
281
1,233
1,116
117
952
675
277
1999
5
..................
4,131
3,446
684
3,167
2,764
404
1,916
1,632
285
1,251
1,132
119
963
682
280
2000
5
..................
4,182
3,490
692
3,211
2,802
409
1,939
1,651
288
1,272
1,151
121
971
688
283
2001
5
..................
 
 
 
3,245
2,832
413
1,957
1,666
291
1,288
1,166
123
 
 
 
2002
5
..................
 
 
 
3,284
2,866
418
1,972
1,679
293
1,312
1,187
125
 
 
 
2003
5
..................
 
 
 
3,325
2,903
423
1,989
1,693
295
1,336
1,209
127
 
 
 
2004
5
..................
 
 
 
3,362
2,935
427
2,001
1,704
297
1,361
1,231
129
 
 
 
2005
5
..................
 
 
 
3,394
2,963
430
2,012
1,713
299
1,382
1,250
131
 
 
 
2006
5
..................
 
 
 
3,418
2,985
433
2,021
1,721
300
1,397
1,264
133
 
 
 
2007
5
..................
 
 
 
3,441
3,005
436
2,033
1,731
302
1,408
1,274
134
 
 
 
2008
5
..................
 
 
 
3,460
3,022
438
2,047
1,743
304
1,413
1,279
134
 
 
 
1
Includes
teachers
in
local
public
school
systems
and
in
most
private
schools
(
religiously
affiliated
and
nonsectarian).
Excludes
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children,
and
federal
schools.
Teachers
are
reported
in
terms
of
full­
time
equivalents.

2
Includes
full­
time
and
part­
time
faculty
with
the
rank
of
instructor
or
above
in
colleges,
universities,
professional
schools,
teachers
colleges,
and
2
 
year
colleges.
Excludes
teaching
assistants.

3
Estimated.

4
Based
on
actual
survey
data.
Methodology
for
this
year
and
later
years
is
not
consistent
with
figures
for
earlier
years.
5
Projected.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics,
various
years;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff''
survey;
and
U.
S.
Equal
Employment
Opportunity
Commission,
Higher
Education
General
Information
(
EE0
 
6)
Survey
(
HEGIS),
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
14
ALL
LEVELS:
SCHOOLS
Table
5.
 
Educational
institutions,
by
level
and
control
of
institution:
1980
 
81
to
1996
 
97
Level
and
control
of
institution
1980
 
81
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
institutions
........................
117,707
121,433
122,111
 
 
119,242
 
 
121,855
 
124,773
 
Elementary
and
secondary
schools
106,746
109,071
110,055
 
 
109,228
 
 
111,486
 
114,811
 
Elementary
...............................
72,659
74,104
74,511
 
 
74,716
 
 
75,591
 
77,909
 
Secondary
................................
24,856
23,844
24,057
 
 
23,602
 
 
23,256
 
23,530
 
Combined
.................................
5,202
6,932
8,202
 
 
8,847
 
 
10,678
 
11,205
 
Other
1
......................................
4,029
4,191
3,285
 
 
2,063
 
 
1,962
 
2,167
 
Public
schools
..............................
85,982
83,455
83,248
83,165
83,425
84,538
84,578
84,497
85,393
86,221
87,125
88,223
Elementary
...............................
59,326
58,801
57,575
57,941
58,419
59,015
59,258
59,676
60,052
60,808
61,165
61,805
Secondary
................................
22,619
21,406
21,662
21,403
21,181
21,135
20,767
20,671
20,705
20,904
20,997
21,307
Combined
.................................
1,743
1,983
2,179
2,235
2,280
2,325
2,481
2,549
2,674
2,764
2,796
2,980
Other
1
......................................
2,294
1,265
1,832
1,586
1,545
2,063
2,072
1,601
1,962
1,745
2,167
2,131
Private
schools
............................
20,764
2
25,616
26,807
 
 
24,690
25,998
 
26,093
 
27,686
 
Elementary
...............................
13,333
2
15,303
16,936
 
 
15,701
15,716
 
15,539
 
16,744
 
Secondary
................................
2,237
2
2,438
2,395
 
 
2,467
2,475
 
2,551
 
2,533
 
Combined
.................................
3,459
2
4,949
6,023
 
 
6,522
7,807
 
8,004
 
8,409
 
Other
1
......................................
1,735
2
2,926
1,453
 
 
(
3)
(
3)
 
(
3)
 
(
3)
 
Postsecondary
institutions
................
4
10,961
12,362
12,056
11,389
10,606
10,014
9,983
10,601
10,369
10,246
9,962
9,837
Public
.......................................
4
2,393
2,363
2,250
2,169
2,120
2,096
2,129
2,146
2,152
2,179
2,189
2,169
Private
nonprofit
.......................
4
2,359
3,432
3,254
3,092
2,942
2,808
2,810
2,926
2,890
2,916
2,877
2,855
Proprietary
................................
4
6,209
6,567
6,552
6,128
5,544
5,110
5,044
5,529
5,327
5,151
4,896
4,813
Noncollegiate
institutions
5
...........
4
7,730
8,956
8,469
7,824
7,071
6,455
6,382
6,963
6,737
6,558
6,256
5,828
Public
.......................................
4
896
830
659
587
557
529
531
522
527
538
534
467
Private
nonprofit
.......................
4
790
1,797
1,581
1,434
1,286
1,159
1,148
1,254
1,203
1,214
1,171
1,162
Proprietary
................................
4
6,044
6,329
6,229
5,803
5,228
4,767
4,703
5,187
5,007
4,806
4,551
4,199
Institutions
of
higher
education
5
.....
3,231
3,406
3,587
3,565
3,535
3,559
3,601
3,638
3,632
3,688
3,706
4,009
2­
year
colleges
............................
1,274
1,336
1,452
1,436
1,408
1,418
1,444
1,469
1,442
1,473
1,462
1,742
Public
.......................................
945
960
992
984
968
972
999
1,024
1,021
1,036
1,047
1,088
Private
nonprofit
.......................
182
173
186
180
177
167
176
179
181
192
187
184
Proprietary
................................
147
203
274
272
263
279
269
266
240
245
228
470
4­
year
colleges
............................
1,957
2,070
2,135
2,129
2,127
2,141
2,157
2,169
2,190
2,215
2,244
2,267
Public
.......................................
552
573
599
598
595
595
599
600
604
605
608
614
Private
nonprofit
.......................
1,387
1,462
1,487
1,478
1,479
1,482
1,486
1,493
1,506
1,510
1,519
1,509
Proprietary
................................
18
35
49
53
53
64
72
76
80
100
117
144
1
Includes
special
education,
alternative,
and
other
schools
not
classified
by
grade
span.
Because
of
changes
in
survey
definitions,
figures
for
``
other''
schools
are
not
comparable
from
year
to
year.
2
Data
are
for
1985
 
86.
Data
were
collected
from
a
sample
survey
that
differed
significantly
from
earlier
surveys.
The
sample
survey
was
designed
to
correct
an
undercount
of
about
10
percent
that
was
known
to
have
occurred
in
earlier
surveys.
3
Included
in
other
categories.
4
Because
of
changes
in
survey
procedures,
figures
are
not
directly
comparable
with
data
for
later
years.
5
Includes
those
colleges
designated
as
institutions
of
higher
education
by
the
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
system,
even
if
they
have
a
less
than
2­
year
program
Includes
branch
campuses.
Beginning
in
1980,
total
includes
some
schools
accredited
by
the
Accrediting
Commission
of
Career
Schools
and
Colleges
of
Technology.
In
1996
 
97,
data
for
institutions
of
higher
education
are
for
degree­
granting
institutions.
Degree­
granting
institutions
include
those
institutions
which
award
degrees
at
the
associate
level
or
higher
and
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs
Institutions
not
meeting
these
criteria
were
classified
as
noncollegiate
institutions.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
and
Private
School
surveys;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey,
``
Institutional
Characteristics
of
Colleges
and
Universities;''
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
15
ALL
LEVELS:
ENROLLMENT
RATES
Table
6.
 
Percent
of
the
population
3
to
34
years
old
enrolled
in
school,
1
by
age:
April
1940
to
October
1997
Year
Total,
3
to
34
years
3
and
4
years
5
and
6
years
7
to
13
years
14
to
17
years
18
and
19
years
20
to
24
years
25
to
29
years
30
to
34
years
Total
20
and
21
years
22
to
24
years
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1940
2
............................................
 
 
 
95.0
79.3
28.9
6.6
 
 
 
 
1945
..............................................
 
 
 
98.1
78.4
20.7
3.9
 
 
 
 
1947
..............................................
 
 
73.8
98.5
79.3
24.3
10.2
 
 
3.0
 
1948
..............................................
 
 
74.7
98.1
81.8
26.9
9.7
 
 
2.6
 
1949
..............................................
 
 
76.2
98.6
81.6
25.3
9.2
 
 
3.8
 
1950
..............................................
 
 
74.4
98.7
83.7
29.4
9.0
 
 
3.0
0.9
1951
..............................................
 
 
73.6
99.1
85.2
26.2
8.6
 
 
2.5
 
1952
..............................................
 
 
75.2
98.8
85.2
28.8
9.7
 
 
2.6
1.2
1953
..............................................
 
 
78.6
99.4
85.9
31.2
11.1
 
 
2.9
1.7
1954
..............................................
 
 
77.3
99.4
87.1
32.4
11.2
 
 
4.1
1.5
1955
..............................................
 
 
78.1
99.2
86.9
31.5
11.1
 
 
4.2
1.6
1956
..............................................
 
 
77.6
99.3
88.2
35.4
12.8
 
 
5.1
1.9
1957
..............................................
 
 
78.6
99.5
89.5
34.9
14.0
 
 
 
 
1958
..............................................
 
 
80.4
99.5
89.2
37.6
13.4
 
 
 
 
1959
..............................................
 
 
80.0
99.4
90.2
36.8
12.7
 
 
 
 
1960
..............................................
 
 
80.7
99.5
90.3
38.4
13.1
 
 
4.9
2.4
1961
..............................................
 
 
81.7
99.3
91.4
38.0
13.7
 
 
 
 
1962
..............................................
 
 
82.2
99.3
92.0
41.8
15.6
 
 
 
 
1963
..............................................
 
 
82.7
99.3
92.9
40.9
17.3
 
 
 
 
1964
..............................................
 
 
83.3
99.0
93.1
41.6
16.8
 
 
5.2
2.6
1965
..............................................
55.5
10.6
84.9
99.4
93.2
46.3
19.0
27.6
13.2
6.1
3.2
1966
..............................................
56.1
12.5
85.8
99.3
93.7
47.2
19.9
29.9
13.2
6.5
2.7
1967
..............................................
56.6
14.2
87.4
99.3
93.7
47.6
22.0
33.3
13.6
6.6
4.0
1968
..............................................
56.7
15.7
87.6
99.1
94.2
50.4
21.4
31.2
13.8
7.0
3.9
1969
..............................................
57.0
16.1
88.4
99.2
94.0
50.2
23.0
34.1
15.4
7.9
4.8
1970
..............................................
56.4
20.5
89.5
99.2
94.1
47.7
21.5
31.9
14.9
7.5
4.2
1971
..............................................
56.2
21.2
91.6
99.1
94.5
49.2
21.9
32.2
15.4
8.0
4.9
1972
..............................................
54.9
24.4
91.9
99.2
93.3
46.3
21.6
31.4
14.8
8.6
4.6
1973
..............................................
53.5
24.2
92.5
99.2
92.9
42.9
20.8
30.1
14.5
8.5
4.5
1974
..............................................
53.6
28.8
94.2
99.3
92.9
43.1
21.4
30.2
15.1
9.6
5.7
1975
..............................................
53.7
31.5
94.7
99.3
93.6
46.9
22.4
31.2
16.2
10.1
6.6
1976
..............................................
53.1
31.3
95.5
99.2
93.7
46.2
23.3
32.0
17.1
10.0
6.0
1977
..............................................
52.5
32.0
95.8
99.4
93.6
46.2
22.9
31.8
16.5
10.8
6.9
1978
..............................................
51.2
34.2
95.3
99.1
93.7
45.4
21.8
29.5
16.3
9.4
6.4
1979
..............................................
50.3
35.1
95.8
99.2
93.6
45.0
21.7
30.2
15.8
9.6
6.4
1980
..............................................
49.7
36.7
95.7
99.3
93.4
46.4
22.3
31.0
16.3
9.3
6.4
1981
..............................................
48.9
36.0
94.0
99.2
94.1
49.0
22.5
31.6
16.5
9.0
6.9
1982
..............................................
48.6
36.4
95.0
99.2
94.4
47.8
23.5
34.0
16.8
9.6
6.3
1983
..............................................
48.4
37.5
95.4
99.2
95.0
50.4
22.7
32.5
16.6
9.6
6.4
1984
..............................................
47.9
36.3
94.5
99.2
94.7
50.1
23.7
33.9
17.3
9.1
6.3
1985
..............................................
48.3
38.9
96.1
99.2
94.9
51.6
24.0
35.3
16.9
9.2
6.1
1986
..............................................
48.2
38.9
95.3
99.2
94.9
54.6
23.6
33.0
17.9
8.8
6.0
1987
..............................................
48.6
38.3
95.1
99.5
95.0
55.6
25.5
38.7
17.5
9.0
5.8
1988
..............................................
48.7
38.2
96.0
99.7
95.1
55.6
26.1
39.1
18.2
8.3
5.9
1989
..............................................
49.1
39.1
95.2
99.3
95.7
56.0
27.0
38.5
19.9
9.3
5.7
1990
..............................................
50.2
44.4
96.5
99.6
95.8
57.2
28.6
39.7
21.0
9.7
5.8
1991
..............................................
50.7
40.5
95.4
99.6
96.0
59.6
30.2
42.0
22.2
10.2
6.2
1992
..............................................
51.4
39.7
95.5
99.4
96.7
61.4
31.6
44.0
23.7
9.8
6.1
1993
..............................................
51.8
40.4
95.4
99.5
96.5
61.6
30.8
42.7
23.6
10.2
5.9
1994
..............................................
53.3
3
47.3
96.7
99.4
96.6
60.2
32.0
44.9
24.0
10.8
6.7
1995
..............................................
53.7
3
48.7
96.0
98.9
96.3
59.4
31.5
44.9
23.2
11.6
5.9
1996
..............................................
54.1
3
48.3
94.0
97.7
95.4
61.5
32.5
44.4
24.8
11.9
6.1
1997
..............................................
55.6
3
52.6
96.5
99.1
96.6
61.5
34.3
45.9
26.4
11.8
5.7
1
Includes
enrollment
in
any
type
of
graded
public,
parochial,
or
other
private
schools.
Includes
nursery
schools,
kindergartens,
elementary
schools,
high
schools,
colleges,
universities
and
professional
schools.
Attendance
may
be
on
either
a
full­
time
or
part­
time
basis
and
during
the
day
or
night.
Enrollments
in
``
special''
schools,
such
as
trade
schools,
business
colleges,
or
correspondence
schools,
are
not
included.

2
Data
are
as
of
April
1940.
Data
for
all
other
years
are
as
of
October.

3
Preprimary
enrollment
collected
using
new
procedures.
May
not
be
comparable
to
figures
for
earlier
years.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Historical
Statistics
of
the
United
States,
Colonial
Times
to
1970;
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20,
various
years;
and
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
16
ALL
LEVELS:
ENROLLMENT
RATES
Table
7.
 
Percent
of
the
population
3
to
34
years
old
enrolled
in
school,
1
by
race/
ethnicity,
sex,
and
age:
October
1980
to
October
1997
Year
and
age
Total
Male
Female
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1975
Total,
3
to
34
years
...........
53.7
53.0
57.7
54.8
56.1
55.2
60.4
58.1
51.5
50.8
55.3
51.7
3
and
4
years
................
31.5
31.0
34.4
27.3
30.9
31.1
31.4
26.7
32.1
30.9
37.5
27.9
5
and
6
years
................
94.7
95.1
94.4
92.1
94.4
94.8
94.8
89.7
95.1
95.4
94.0
94.4
7
to
9
years
...................
99.3
99.4
99.3
99.6
99.2
99.2
99.4
99.6
99.5
99.6
99.2
99.5
10
to
13
years
...............
99.3
99.3
99.1
99.2
98.9
99.0
98.9
98.8
99.6
99.6
99.3
99.7
14
and
15
years
............
98.2
98.5
97.4
95.6
98.4
98.6
97.6
97.4
98.0
98.4
97.2
93.8
16
and
17
years
............
89.0
89.5
86.8
86.2
90.7
91.2
88.1
88.3
87.2
87.8
85.5
84.0
18
and
19
years
............
46.9
46.8
46.9
44.0
49.9
49.4
49.6
51.9
44.2
44.2
44.6
37.1
20
and
21
years
............
31.2
32.1
26.7
27.5
35.3
36.7
28.4
31.3
27.4
27.8
25.3
24.3
22
to
24
years
...............
16.2
16.4
13.9
14.1
20.0
20.8
14.5
15.9
12.6
12.2
13.4
12.5
25
to
29
years
...............
10.1
10.1
9.4
8.3
13.1
13.2
11.6
11.9
7.2
7.2
7.6
5.3
30
to
34
years
...............
6.6
6.6
7.1
5.5
7.7
7.5
8.7
7.2
5.6
5.8
5.9
4.1
1980
Total,
3
to
34
years
...........
49.7
48.8
54.0
49.8
50.9
50.0
56.2
49.9
48.5
47.7
52.1
49.8
3
and
4
years
................
36.7
37.4
38.2
28.5
37.8
39.2
36.4
30.1
35.5
35.5
40.0
26.6
5
and
6
years
................
95.7
95.9
95.5
94.5
95.0
95.4
94.1
94.0
96.4
96.5
97.0
94.9
7
to
9
years
...................
99.1
99.1
99.4
98.4
99.0
99.0
99.5
97.7
99.2
99.2
99.3
99.0
10
to
13
years
...............
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.7
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.3
99.3
99.9
14
and
15
years
............
98.2
98.7
97.9
94.3
98.7
98.9
98.4
96.7
97.7
98.5
97.3
92.1
16
and
17
years
............
89.0
89.2
90.7
81.8
89.1
89.4
90.7
81.5
88.8
89.0
90.6
82.2
18
and
19
years
............
46.4
47.0
45.8
37.8
47.0
48.5
42.9
36.9
45.8
45.7
48.3
38.8
20
and
21
years
............
31.0
33.0
23.3
19.5
32.6
34.8
22.8
21.4
29.5
31.3
23.7
17.6
22
to
24
years
...............
16.3
16.8
13.6
11.7
17.8
18.7
13.4
10.7
14.9
15.0
13.7
12.6
25
to
29
years
...............
9.3
9.4
8.8
6.9
9.8
9.8
10.6
6.8
8.8
9.1
7.5
6.9
30
to
34
years
...............
6.4
6.4
6.9
5.1
5.9
5.6
7.2
6.2
7.0
7.2
6.6
4.1
1985
Total,
3
to
34
years
...........
48.3
47.8
50.8
47.7
49.2
48.7
52.6
47.5
47.4
46.9
49.2
47.9
3
and
4
years
................
38.9
40.3
42.8
27.0
36.7
39.1
34.6
26.4
41.2
41.6
50.3
27.7
5
and
6
years
................
96.1
96.6
95.7
94.5
95.3
95.6
94.5
95.3
97.0
97.6
97.1
93.7
7
to
9
years
...................
99.1
99.4
98.6
98.4
99.0
99.3
98.4
98.9
99.2
99.4
98.9
98.0
10
to
13
years
...............
99.3
99.3
99.5
99.4
99.2
99.2
99.1
99.1
99.4
99.3
99.9
99.7
14
and
15
years
............
98.1
98.3
98.1
96.1
98.3
98.4
98.5
96.2
97.9
98.1
97.6
96.0
16
and
17
years
............
91.7
92.5
91.8
84.5
92.4
92.9
92.0
88.9
90.9
92.2
91.6
80.0
18
and
19
years
............
51.6
53.7
43.5
41.8
52.2
53.4
49.4
38.6
51.0
54.0
37.8
44.7
20
and
21
years
............
35.3
37.2
27.7
24.0
36.5
38.8
29.9
20.3
34.1
35.7
25.8
27.4
22
to
24
years
...............
16.9
17.5
13.8
11.6
18.8
19.8
13.5
12.6
15.1
15.4
14.0
10.4
25
to
29
years
...............
9.2
9.6
7.4
6.6
9.4
9.7
5.8
8.2
9.1
9.4
8.7
4.9
30
to
34
years
...............
6.1
6.2
5.2
5.7
5.4
5.6
3.9
4.0
6.8
6.9
6.2
7.5
1990
Total,
3
to
34
years
...........
50.2
49.8
52.2
47.2
50.9
50.4
54.3
46.8
49.5
49.2
50.3
47.7
3
and
4
years
................
44.4
47.2
41.8
30.7
43.9
47.9
38.1
28.0
44.9
46.6
45.5
33.6
5
and
6
years
................
96.5
96.7
96.5
94.9
96.5
96.8
96.2
95.8
96.4
96.7
96.9
93.9
7
to
9
years
...................
99.7
99.7
99.8
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.9
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.4
10
to
13
years
...............
99.6
99.7
99.9
99.1
99.6
99.6
99.9
99.0
99.7
99.7
99.8
99.1
14
and
15
years
............
99.0
99.0
99.4
99.0
99.1
99.2
99.7
99.1
98.9
98.9
99.1
98.8
16
and
17
years
............
92.5
93.5
91.7
85.4
92.6
93.4
93.0
85.5
92.4
93.7
90.5
85.3
18
and
19
years
............
57.2
59.1
55.0
44.0
58.2
59.7
60.4
40.7
56.3
58.5
49.8
47.2
20
and
21
years
............
39.7
43.1
28.3
27.2
40.3
44.2
31.0
21.7
39.2
42.0
25.8
33.1
22
to
24
years
...............
21.0
21.9
19.7
9.9
22.3
23.7
19.3
11.2
19.9
20.3
20.0
8.4
25
to
29
years
...............
9.7
10.4
6.1
6.3
9.2
10.0
4.7
4.6
10.2
10.7
7.3
8.1
30
to
34
years
...............
5.8
6.2
4.5
3.6
4.8
5.0
2.3
4.0
6.9
7.4
6.3
3.1
1997
Total,
3
to
34
years
...........
55.6
55.6
58.6
50.8
55.8
55.9
59.7
49.0
55.4
55.2
57.5
52.7
3
and
4
years
2
..............
52.6
54.9
60.0
36.6
51.9
54.9
57.4
35.5
53.2
55.0
62.9
37.7
5
and
6
years
................
96.5
96.9
95.7
96.6
96.7
97.3
94.0
97.7
96.4
96.4
97.1
95.7
7
to
9
years
...................
98.8
98.9
99.2
98.6
98.6
98.8
98.7
97.7
99.1
99.0
99.8
99.6
10
to
13
years
...............
99.3
99.2
99.4
99.6
99.4
99.3
99.1
99.8
99.3
99.1
99.7
99.5
14
and
15
years
............
98.9
98.9
99.2
98.4
99.1
99.0
99.5
99.5
98.7
98.8
98.9
97.3
16
and
17
years
............
94.3
95.1
93.5
91.1
94.2
94.5
93.8
92.5
94.4
95.7
93.2
89.6
18
and
19
years
............
61.5
64.0
57.8
49.4
60.5
63.3
56.2
45.4
62.4
64.9
59.4
53.9
20
and
21
years
............
45.9
49.9
36.0
28.9
44.4
48.5
35.1
27.6
47.4
51.3
36.7
30.4
22
to
24
years
...............
26.4
27.8
25.7
16.4
25.4
27.5
21.8
14.0
27.4
28.1
28.9
19.2
25
to
29
years
...............
11.8
12.2
10.6
7.3
11.7
12.0
10.1
5.9
11.9
12.4
10.9
8.8
30
to
34
years
...............
5.7
5.6
6.5
3.7
4.7
4.6
5.8
2.7
6.6
6.6
7.2
4.9
1
Includes
enrollment
in
any
type
of
graded
public,
parochial,
or
other
private
schools.
Includes
nursery
schools,
kindergartens,
elementary
schools,
high
schools,
colleges,
universities
and
professional
schools.
Attendance
may
be
on
either
a
full­
time
or
part­
time
basis
and
during
the
day
or
night.
Enrollments
in
``
special''
schools,
such
as
trade
schools,
business
colleges,
or
correspondence
schools,
are
not
included.
2
Preprimary
enrollment
collected
using
new
procedures.
May
not
be
comparable
to
figures
for
earlier
years.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
17
ALL
LEVELS:
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Table
8.
 
Years
of
school
completed
by
persons
age
25
and
over
and
25
to
29,
by
race/
ethnicity
and
sex:
1910
to
1997
Age,
year,
and
sex
Percent,
by
years
of
school
completed
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
1
Black,
non­
Hispanic
1
Hispanic
Less
than
5
years
of
elementary
school
High
school
completion
or
higher
2
4
or
more
years
of
college
3
Less
than
5
years
of
elementary
school
High
school
completion
or
higher
2
4
or
more
years
of
college
3
Less
than
5
years
of
elementary
school
High
school
completion
or
higher
2
4
or
more
years
of
college
3
Less
than
5
years
of
elementary
school
High
school
completion
or
higher
2
4
or
more
years
of
college
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Males
and
females
25
and
over
1910
4
........................................
23.8
13.5
2.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1920
4
........................................
22.0
16.4
3.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1930
4
........................................
17.5
19.1
3.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April
1940
..................................
13.7
24.5
4.6
10.9
26.1
4.9
41.8
7.7
1.3
 
 
 
April
1950
..................................
11.1
34.3
6.2
8.9
36.4
6.6
32.6
13.7
2.2
 
 
 
April
1960
..................................
8.3
41.1
7.7
6.7
43.2
8.1
23.5
21.7
3.5
 
 
 
March
1970
...............................
5.3
55.2
11.0
4.2
57.4
11.6
14.7
36.1
6.1
 
 
 
March
1980
...............................
3.4
68.6
17.0
1.9
71.9
18.4
9.1
51.4
7.9
15.8
44.5
7.6
March
1985
...............................
2.7
73.9
19.4
1.4
77.5
20.8
6.1
59.9
11.1
13.5
47.9
8.5
March
1986
...............................
2.7
74.7
19.4
1.4
78.2
20.1
5.3
62.5
10.9
12.9
48.5
8.4
March
1987
...............................
2.4
75.6
19.9
1.3
79.0
20.5
4.9
63.6
10.8
11.9
50.9
8.6
March
1988
...............................
2.5
76.2
20.3
1.2
79.8
21.8
4.8
63.5
11.2
12.2
51.0
10.0
March
1989
...............................
2.5
76.9
21.1
1.2
80.7
22.8
5.2
64.7
11.7
12.2
50.9
9.9
March
1990
...............................
2.5
77.6
21.3
1.1
81.4
23.1
5.1
66.2
11.3
12.3
50.8
9.2
March
1991
...............................
2.4
78.4
21.4
1.1
82.4
23.3
4.7
66.8
11.5
12.5
51.3
9.7
March
1992
...............................
2.1
79.4
21.4
0.9
83.4
23.2
3.9
67.7
11.9
11.8
52.6
9.3
March
1993
...............................
2.1
80.2
21.9
0.8
84.1
23.8
3.7
70.5
12.2
11.8
53.1
9.0
March
1994
...............................
1.9
80.9
22.2
0.8
84.9
24.3
2.7
73.0
12.9
10.8
53.3
9.1
March
1995
...............................
1.9
81.7
23.0
0.7
85.9
23.4
2.5
73.8
13.3
10.6
53.4
9.3
March
1996
...............................
1.8
81.7
23.6
0.6
86.0
25.9
2.2
74.6
13.8
10.4
53.1
9.3
March
1997
...............................
1.7
82.1
23.9
0.6
86.3
26.2
2.0
75.3
13.3
9.4
54.7
10.3
25
to
29
1920
4
........................................
 
 
 
12.9
22.0
4.5
44.6
6.3
1.2
 
 
 
April
1940
..................................
5.9
38.1
5.9
3.4
41.2
6.4
27.0
12.3
1.6
 
 
 
April
1950
..................................
4.6
52.8
7.7
3.3
56.3
8.2
16.1
23.6
2.8
 
 
 
April
1960
..................................
2.8
60.7
11.0
2.2
63.7
11.8
7.2
38.6
5.4
 
 
 
March
1970
...............................
1.1
75.4
16.4
0.9
77.8
17.3
2.2
58.4
10.0
 
 
 
March
1980
...............................
0.8
85.4
22.5
0.3
89.2
25.0
0.7
76.7
11.6
6.7
58.0
7.7
March
1985
...............................
0.7
86.1
22.2
0.2
89.5
24.4
0.4
80.5
11.6
6.0
60.9
11.1
March
1986
...............................
0.9
86.1
22.4
0.4
89.6
25.2
0.5
83.5
11.8
5.6
59.1
9.0
March
1987
...............................
0.9
86.0
22.0
0.4
89.4
24.7
0.4
83.5
11.5
4.8
59.8
8.7
March
1988
...............................
1.0
85.9
22.7
0.3
89.7
25.1
0.3
80.9
12.0
6.0
62.3
11.3
March
1989
...............................
1.0
85.5
23.4
0.3
89.3
26.3
0.5
82.3
12.7
5.4
61.0
10.1
March
1990
...............................
1.2
85.7
23.2
0.3
90.1
26.4
1.0
81.7
13.4
7.3
58.2
8.2
March
1991
...............................
1.0
85.4
23.2
0.3
89.8
26.7
0.5
81.8
11.0
5.8
56.7
9.2
March
1992
...............................
0.9
86.3
23.6
0.3
90.7
27.2
0.8
80.9
11.1
5.2
60.9
9.5
March
1993
...............................
0.7
86.7
23.7
0.3
91.2
27.2
0.2
82.7
13.3
4.0
60.9
8.3
March
1994
...............................
0.8
86.1
23.3
0.3
91.1
27.1
0.6
84.1
13.6
3.6
60.3
8.0
March
1995
...............................
1.0
86.9
24.7
0.3
92.5
28.8
0.2
86.7
15.4
4.9
57.2
8.9
March
1996
...............................
0.8
87.3
27.1
0.2
92.6
31.6
0.4
86.0
14.6
4.3
61.1
10.0
March
1997
...............................
0.8
87.4
27.8
0.1
92.9
32.6
0.6
86.9
14.2
4.2
61.8
11.0
Males
25
and
over
April
1940
..................................
15.1
22.7
5.5
12.0
24.2
5.9
46.2
6.9
1.4
 
 
 
April
1950
..................................
12.2
32.6
7.3
9.8
34.6
7.9
36.9
12.6
2.1
 
 
 
April
1960
..................................
9.4
39.5
9.7
7.4
41.6
10.3
27.7
20.0
3.5
 
 
 
March
1970
...............................
5.9
55.0
14.1
4.5
57.2
15.0
17.9
35.4
6.8
 
 
 
March
1980
...............................
3.6
69.2
20.9
2.0
72.4
22.8
11.3
51.2
7.7
16.5
44.9
9.2
March
1990
...............................
2.7
77.7
24.4
1.3
81.6
26.7
6.4
65.8
11.9
12.9
50.3
9.8
March
1994
...............................
2.1
81.1
25.1
0.8
85.1
27.8
3.9
71.8
12.7
11.4
53.4
9.6
March
1995
...............................
2.0
81.7
26.0
0.8
86.0
28.9
3.4
73.5
13.7
10.8
52.9
10.1
March
1996
...............................
1.9
81.9
26.0
0.7
86.1
28.8
2.9
74.6
12.5
10.2
53.0
10.3
March
1997
...............................
1.8
82.0
26.2
0.6
86.3
29.0
2.9
73.8
12.5
9.2
54.9
10.6
Females
25
and
over
April
1940
..................................
12.4
26.3
3.8
9.8
28.1
4.0
37.5
8.4
1.2
 
 
 
April
1950
..................................
10.0
36.0
5.2
8.1
38.2
5.4
28.6
14.7
2.4
 
 
 
April
1960
..................................
7.4
42.5
5.8
6.0
44.7
6.0
19.7
23.1
3.6
 
 
 
March
1970
...............................
4.7
55.4
8.2
3.9
57.7
8.6
11.9
36.6
5.6
 
 
 
March
1980
...............................
3.2
68.1
13.6
1.8
71.5
14.4
7.4
51.5
8.1
15.3
44.2
6.2
March
1990
...............................
2.2
77.5
18.4
1.0
81.3
19.8
4.1
66.5
10.8
11.7
51.3
8.7
March
1994
...............................
1.7
80.8
19.6
0.7
84.7
21.1
1.8
73.9
13.1
10.3
53.2
8.6
March
1995
...............................
1.7
81.6
20.2
0.6
85.8
22.2
1.8
74.1
13.0
10.4
53.8
8.4
March
1996
...............................
1.7
81.6
21.4
0.5
85.9
23.2
1.6
74.6
14.8
10.6
53.3
8.3
March
1997
...............................
1.6
82.2
21.7
0.5
86.3
23.7
1.3
76.5
14.0
9.5
54.6
10.1
1
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin
for
years
prior
to
1980.
2
Data
for
years
prior
to
1993
include
all
persons
with
at
least
4
years
of
high
school.
3
Data
for
1993
and
later
years
are
for
persons
with
a
bachelor's
degree
or
higher.
4
Estimates
based
on
Bureau
of
the
Census
retrojection
of
1940
Census
data
on
education
by
age.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
1980
and
subsequent
years
are
for
the
noninstitutional
population.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
U.
S.
Census
of
Population,
1960,
Vol.
1,
part
1;
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20
and
unpublished
data;
and
1960
Census
Monograph,
``
Education
of
the
American
Population
by
John
K.
Folger
and
Charles
B.
Nam.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
18
ALL
LEVELS:
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Table
9.
 
Highest
level
of
education
attained
by
persons
age
18
and
over,
by
age,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity:
March
1997
[
In
thousands]

Age,
sex,
and
race
Total
population
1
Elementary
level
High
school
College
Less
than
7
years
7
or
8
years
1
to
3
years
4
years
Graduate
Some
college
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Professional
Doctorate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
18
and
over
......................................................
195,568
6,799
7,250
19,393
2,868
65,370
38,041
13,336
29,089
9,205
2,455
1,761
18
and
19
years
old
....................................
7,498
71
101
2,646
425
2,312
1,916
17
9
1
 
 
20
to
24
years
old
.......................................
17,489
339
225
1,628
350
5,472
6,757
914
1,723
73
8
 
25
years
old
and
over
.................................
170,581
6,389
6,924
15,119
2,093
57,586
29,367
12,406
27,357
9,132
2,447
1,761
25
to
29
years
old
....................................
19,260
423
276
1,479
255
5,821
4,160
1,490
4,390
692
184
90
30
to
34
years
old
....................................
20,996
509
298
1,591
299
6,889
3,883
1,991
4,099
972
291
174
35
to
39
years
old
....................................
22,755
555
315
1,700
281
7,991
4,225
2,013
4,060
1,139
284
191
40
to
49
years
old
....................................
39,559
995
744
2,531
370
13,061
7,351
3,540
6,972
2,766
743
486
50
to
59
years
old
....................................
26,238
1,012
998
2,134
297
9,234
4,274
1,740
3,782
1,933
396
437
60
to
64
years
old
....................................
9,896
572
622
1,151
132
3,657
1,370
487
1,083
540
149
132
65
years
old
and
over
..............................
31,877
2,322
3,670
4,532
460
10,933
4,104
1,146
2,970
1,090
401
250
Males
18
and
over
......................................................
94,154
3,471
3,434
9,464
1,551
30,196
18,183
5,731
14,387
4,809
1,711
1,218
18
and
19
years
old
....................................
3,783
42
61
1,486
237
1,134
815
7
 
 
 
 
20
to
24
years
old
.......................................
8,751
189
136
846
233
2,836
3,335
425
716
33
2
 
25
years
old
and
over
.................................
81,620
3,240
3,237
7,132
1,080
26,226
14,033
5,299
13,672
4,776
1,708
1,218
25
to
29
years
old
....................................
9,613
229
159
805
173
2,970
2,088
660
2,069
311
111
38
30
to
34
years
old
....................................
10,426
282
153
852
178
3,512
1,826
905
1,962
481
175
102
35
to
39
years
old
....................................
11,323
321
157
904
163
4,053
2,007
851
1,972
599
187
107
40
to
49
years
old
....................................
19,439
530
345
1,340
198
6,103
3,619
1,550
3,529
1,384
508
336
50
to
59
years
old
....................................
12,725
544
548
979
127
4,077
2,031
726
2,002
1,069
291
332
60
to
64
years
old
....................................
4,689
280
311
471
59
1,537
673
216
592
336
112
103
65
years
old
and
over
..............................
13,404
1,054
1,564
1,782
181
3,974
1,789
392
1,546
596
325
200
Females
18
and
over
......................................................
101,414
3,328
3,816
9,930
1,317
35,174
19,858
7,606
14,702
4,396
744
543
18
and
19
years
old
....................................
3,715
29
40
1,160
187
1,178
1,101
10
9
1
 
 
20
to
24
years
old
.......................................
8,737
150
89
783
117
2,635
3,422
488
1,008
39
5
 
25
years
old
and
over
.................................
88,961
3,149
3,687
7,987
1,013
31,360
15,335
7,107
13,685
4,356
739
543
25
to
29
years
old
....................................
9,647
194
117
674
82
2,850
2,073
830
2,321
381
73
52
30
to
34
years
old
....................................
10,570
228
145
739
120
3,377
2,057
1,086
2,137
491
116
72
35
to
39
years
old
....................................
11,432
234
158
796
118
3,938
2,218
1,163
2,088
540
97
84
40
to
49
years
old
....................................
20,120
465
400
1,192
172
6,959
3,732
1,990
3,443
1,383
235
150
50
to
59
years
old
....................................
13,513
468
450
1,155
170
5,157
2,243
1,014
1,780
865
105
105
60
to
64
years
old
....................................
5,207
293
311
681
73
2,120
697
270
491
204
37
30
65
years
old
and
over
..............................
18,474
1,268
2,106
2,750
278
6,959
2,315
753
1,424
493
76
51
White,
non­
Hispanic
18
and
over
......................................................
145,855
1,834
4,860
12,372
1,584
50,200
29,052
10,595
24,072
7,731
2,076
1,477
18
and
19
years
old
....................................
4,971
4
61
1,647
242
1,598
1,399
11
7
1
 
 
20
to
24
years
old
.......................................
11,585
34
77
713
152
3,561
4,877
731
1,383
53
5
 
25
years
old
and
over
.................................
129,299
1,797
4,722
10,012
1,190
45,042
22,775
9,853
22,681
7,677
2,071
1,477
25
to
29
years
old
....................................
12,924
34
107
684
97
3,817
2,855
1,111
3,505
497
143
74
30
to
34
years
old
....................................
14,486
35
101
824
137
4,870
2,677
1,488
3,270
748
213
122
35
to
39
years
old
....................................
16,434
51
112
1,046
160
5,906
3,026
1,520
3,302
927
237
147
40
to
49
years
old
....................................
30,010
180
332
1,501
182
9,995
5,716
2,912
5,767
2,375
633
417
50
to
59
years
old
....................................
20,548
230
642
1,412
149
7,506
3,578
1,418
3,201
1,676
354
381
60
to
64
years
old
....................................
7,864
157
437
829
93
3,116
1,190
393
927
465
135
123
65
years
old
and
over
..............................
27,033
1,110
2,992
3,716
371
9,832
3,731
1,011
2,709
989
357
214
Black,
non­
Hispanic
18
and
over
......................................................
22,186
789
830
3,395
581
8,060
4,604
1,312
1,904
564
84
62
18
and
19
years
old
....................................
1,148
3
10
471
72
385
206
 
 
 
 
 
20
to
24
years
old
.......................................
2,425
15
13
334
76
950
841
63
127
5
 
 
25
years
old
and
over
.................................
18,613
771
807
2,589
433
6,725
3,557
1,249
1,777
559
84
62
25
to
29
years
old
....................................
2,529
15
3
258
55
1,019
672
147
301
48
5
6
30
to
34
years
old
....................................
2,653
33
29
289
63
1,019
614
248
296
51
7
4
35
to
39
years
old
....................................
2,812
17
41
298
56
1,090
680
243
323
45
17
2
40
to
49
years
old
....................................
4,528
74
129
540
98
1,745
915
335
478
166
31
18
50
to
59
years
old
....................................
2,576
123
131
429
82
921
360
164
205
145
1
14
60
to
64
years
old
....................................
962
93
79
212
28
299
106
43
58
34
7
2
65
years
old
and
over
..............................
2,553
416
394
562
52
632
211
69
115
71
15
15
Hispanic
18
and
over
......................................................
19,103
3,683
1,324
3,017
607
5,005
2,892
889
1,228
282
103
73
18
and
19
years
old
....................................
1034
61
30
423
87
259
170
5
 
 
 
 
20
to
24
years
old
.......................................
2,592
283
130
500
112
735
668
79
75
7
3
 
25
years
old
and
over
.................................
15,477
3,338
1,164
2,094
409
4,011
2,054
805
1,153
275
100
73
25
to
29
years
old
....................................
2,778
342
141
479
99
791
459
161
256
37
9
4
30
to
34
years
old
....................................
2,717
399
156
431
86
724
429
166
248
50
20
9
35
to
39
years
old
....................................
2,453
463
145
301
55
704
365
153
208
37
8
15
40
to
49
years
old
....................................
3,290
665
251
381
74
881
476
181
253
76
32
21
50
to
59
years
old
....................................
2,042
571
195
244
55
499
201
98
106
45
18
10
60
to
64
years
old
....................................
682
241
75
95
9
145
44
19
34
14
3
1
65
years
old
and
over
..............................
1,516
657
203
162
32
267
81
26
49
16
9
13
1
Civilian
noninstitutional
population.
 
Data
not
applicable
or
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
the
noninstitutional
population.
Although
cells
with
fewer
than
75,000
people
are
subject
to
relatively
wide
sampling
variation
they
are
included
in
the
table
to
permit
various
types
of
aggregations.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
19
ALL
LEVELS:
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Table
10.
 
Number
of
persons
age
18
and
over
who
hold
a
bachelor's
or
higher
degree,
by
field
of
study,
sex,
race,
and
age:
Spring
1993
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Field
of
study
Total
Sex
Race
Age
Males
Females
White
1
Black
1
18
to
24
years
old
25
to
34
years
old
35
to
44
years
old
45
to
54
years
old
55
to
64
years
old
65
years
old
and
over
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
population,
18
and
over
........................................
188,683
90,555
98,128
159,940
21,391
25,507
42,162
41,094
28,657
20,524
30,739
Number
of
persons
with
bachelor's
or
higher
degree
............
36,786
19,352
17,436
32,280
2,314
2,456
9,635
10,691
6,869
3,470
3,664
Percent
of
population
..............................................................
19.5
21.4
17.8
20.2
10.8
9.6
22.9
26.0
24.0
16.9
11.9
Agriculture
and
forestry
................................................................
543
437
107
517
11
39
94
198
103
56
53
Biology
.........................................................................................
827
525
302
674
59
102
190
283
156
65
30
Business
and
management
.........................................................
6,739
4,524
2,215
5,947
458
472
2,091
1,839
1,250
595
490
Economics
....................................................................................
815
551
263
695
42
58
236
213
144
96
67
Education
.....................................................................................
6,078
1,482
4,597
5,493
409
268
965
1,764
1,438
798
845
Engineering
..................................................................................
3,425
2,986
439
2,874
164
197
1,165
906
489
353
315
English
and
journalism
.................................................................
1,356
519
837
1,163
97
109
363
383
285
86
130
Home
economics
.........................................................................
375
17
358
329
27
6
61
113
49
60
86
Law
...............................................................................................
1,167
865
301
1,045
53
56
279
372
226
110
124
Liberal
arts
and
humanities
.........................................................
2,855
1,228
1,629
2,570
132
242
690
855
518
236
315
Mathematics
and
statistics
...........................................................
754
477
276
637
80
44
223
188
146
54
99
Medicine
and
dentistry
.................................................................
1,119
825
294
900
27
22
253
413
187
85
159
Nursing,
pharmacy,
and
health
technologies
..............................
2,166
352
1,814
1,845
137
156
649
665
329
180
186
Physical
and
earth
sciences
........................................................
918
650
270
837
31
48
270
198
192
77
133
Police
science
and
law
enforcement
...........................................
363
251
112
309
30
19
149
114
57
14
9
Psychology
...................................................................................
1,342
531
811
1,216
63
138
364
415
243
75
107
Religion
and
theology
..................................................................
577
484
93
525
48
9
112
172
95
88
101
Social
sciences
............................................................................
2,341
1,023
1,318
2,028
232
226
576
689
440
210
200
Vocational
and
technical
studies
.................................................
202
140
62
165
17
20
82
38
29
20
13
Other
fields
...................................................................................
2,825
1,487
1,338
2,507
198
226
824
872
492
213
199
Percentage
distribution
of
degree
holders,
by
field
Total
..................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Agriculture
and
forestry
................................................................
1.5
2.3
0.6
1.6
0.5
1.6
1.0
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.4
Biology
.........................................................................................
2.2
2.7
1.7
2.1
2.5
4.2
2.0
2.6
2.3
1.9
0.8
Business
and
management
.........................................................
18.3
23.4
12.7
18.4
19.8
19.2
21.7
17.2
18.2
17.1
13.4
Economics
....................................................................................
2.2
2.8
1.5
2.2
1.8
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.1
2.8
1.8
Education
.....................................................................................
16.5
7.7
26.4
17.0
17.7
10.9
10.0
16.5
20.9
23.0
23.1
Engineering
..................................................................................
9.3
15.4
2.5
8.9
7.1
8.0
12.1
8.5
7.1
10.2
8.6
English
and
journalism
.................................................................
3.7
2.7
4.8
3.6
4.2
4.4
3.8
3.6
4.1
2.5
3.5
Home
economics
.........................................................................
1.0
0.1
2.1
1.0
1.2
0.2
0.6
1.1
0.7
1.7
2.3
Law
...............................................................................................
3.2
4.5
1.7
3.2
2.3
2.3
2.9
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.4
Liberal
arts
and
humanities
.........................................................
7.8
6.3
9.3
8.0
5.7
9.9
7.2
8.0
7.5
6.8
8.6
Mathematics
and
statistics
...........................................................
2.0
2.5
1.6
2.0
3.5
1.8
2.3
1.8
2.1
1.6
2.7
Medicine
and
dentistry
.................................................................
3.0
4.3
1.7
2.8
1.2
0.9
2.6
3.9
2.7
2.4
4.3
Nursing,
pharmacy,
and
health
technologies
..............................
5.9
1.8
10.4
5.7
5.9
6.4
6.7
6.2
4.8
5.2
5.1
Physical
and
earth
sciences
........................................................
2.5
3.4
1.5
2.6
1.3
2.0
2.8
1.9
2.8
2.2
3.6
Police
science
and
law
enforcement
...........................................
1.0
1.3
0.6
1.0
1.3
0.8
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.4
0.2
Psychology
...................................................................................
3.6
2.7
4.7
3.8
2.7
5.6
3.8
3.9
3.5
2.2
2.9
Religion
and
theology
..................................................................
1.6
2.5
0.5
1.6
2.1
0.4
1.2
1.6
1.4
2.5
2.8
Social
sciences
............................................................................
6.4
5.3
7.6
6.3
10.0
9.2
6.0
6.4
6.4
6.1
5.5
Vocational
and
technical
studies
.................................................
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
Other
fields
...................................................................................
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.8
8.6
9.2
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.1
5.4
1
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
70,
No.
51,
``
What's
It
Worth?
Educational
Background
and
Economic
Status:
Spring
1993.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1996.)
20
ALL
LEVELS:
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Table
11.
 
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
state:
April
1990
State
Number
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over
Distribution
of
population,
by
highest
level
of
education
attained
Less
than
9th
grade
9th
to
12th
grade,
no
diploma
High
school
graduate
Some
college
no
degree
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Graduate
or
professional
degree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
..................................
158,868,436
10.4
14.4
30.0
18.7
6.2
13.1
7.2
Alabama
...............................................
2,545,969
13.7
19.4
29.4
16.8
5.0
10.1
5.5
Alaska
..................................................
323,429
5.1
8.2
28.7
27.6
7.2
15.0
8.0
Arizona
.................................................
2,301,177
9.0
12.3
26.1
25.4
6.8
13.3
7.0
Arkansas
..............................................
1,496,150
15.2
18.4
32.7
16.6
3.7
8.9
4.5
California
..............................................
18,695,499
11.2
12.6
22.3
22.6
7.9
15.3
8.1
Colorado
..............................................
2,107,072
5.6
10.0
26.5
24.0
6.9
18.0
9.0
Connecticut
..........................................
2,198,963
8.4
12.4
29.5
15.9
6.6
16.2
11.0
Delaware
..............................................
428,499
7.2
15.3
32.7
16.9
6.5
13.7
7.7
District
of
Columbia
..............................
409,131
9.6
17.3
21.2
15.6
3.1
16.1
17.2
Florida
..................................................
8,887,168
9.5
16.1
30.1
19.4
6.6
12.0
6.3
Georgia
................................................
4,023,420
12.0
17.1
29.6
17.0
5.0
12.9
6.4
Hawaii
..................................................
709,820
10.1
9.8
28.7
20.1
8.3
15.8
7.1
Idaho
....................................................
601,292
7.4
12.9
30.4
24.2
7.5
12.4
5.3
Illinois
...................................................
7,293,930
10.3
13.5
30.0
19.4
5.8
13.6
7.5
Indiana
.................................................
3,489,470
8.5
15.8
38.2
16.6
5.3
9.2
6.4
Iowa
.....................................................
1,776,798
9.2
10.7
38.5
17.0
7.7
11.7
5.2
Kansas
.................................................
1,565,936
7.7
11.0
32.8
21.9
5.4
14.1
7.0
Kentucky
..............................................
2,333,833
19.0
16.4
31.8
15.2
4.1
8.1
5.5
Louisiana
..............................................
2,536,994
14.7
17.0
31.7
17.2
3.3
10.5
5.6
Maine
...................................................
795,613
8.8
12.4
37.1
16.1
6.9
12.7
6.1
Maryland
..............................................
3,122,665
7.9
13.7
28.1
18.6
5.2
15.6
10.9
Massachusetts
.....................................
3,962,223
8.0
12.0
29.7
15.8
7.2
16.6
10.6
Michigan
...............................................
5,842,642
7.8
15.5
32.3
20.4
6.7
10.9
6.4
Minnesota
............................................
2,770,562
8.6
9.0
33.0
19.0
8.6
15.6
6.3
Mississippi
............................................
1,538,997
15.6
20.1
27.5
16.9
5.2
9.7
5.1
Missouri
................................................
3,291,579
11.6
14.5
33.1
18.4
4.5
11.7
6.1
Montana
...............................................
507,851
8.1
10.9
33.5
22.1
5.6
14.1
5.7
Nebraska
..............................................
996,049
8.0
10.2
34.7
21.1
7.1
13.1
5.9
Nevada
.................................................
789,638
6.0
15.2
31.5
25.8
6.2
10.1
5.2
New
Hampshire
...................................
713,894
6.7
11.2
31.7
18.0
8.1
16.4
7.9
New
Jersey
..........................................
5,166,233
9.4
13.9
31.1
15.5
5.2
16.0
8.8
New
Mexico
.........................................
922,590
11.4
13.5
28.7
20.9
5.0
12.1
8.3
New
York
.............................................
11,818,569
10.2
15.0
29.5
15.7
6.5
13.2
9.9
North
Carolina
......................................
4,253,494
12.7
17.3
29.0
16.8
6.8
12.0
5.4
North
Dakota
........................................
396,550
15.0
8.3
28.0
20.5
10.0
13.5
4.5
Ohio
.....................................................
6,924,764
7.9
16.4
36.3
17.0
5.3
11.1
5.9
Oklahoma
.............................................
1,995,424
9.8
15.6
30.5
21.3
5.0
11.8
6.0
Oregon
.................................................
1,855,369
6.2
12.3
28.9
25.0
6.9
13.6
7.0
Pennsylvania
........................................
7,872,932
9.4
15.9
38.6
12.9
5.2
11.3
6.6
Rhode
Island
........................................
658,956
11.1
16.9
29.5
15.0
6.3
13.5
7.8
South
Carolina
.....................................
2,167,590
13.6
18.1
29.5
15.8
6.3
11.2
5.4
South
Dakota
.......................................
430,500
13.4
9.5
33.7
18.8
7.4
12.3
4.9
Tennessee
...........................................
3,139,066
16.0
17.0
30.0
16.9
4.2
10.5
5.4
Texas
...................................................
10,310,605
13.5
14.4
25.6
21.1
5.2
13.9
6.5
Utah
.....................................................
897,321
3.4
11.5
27.2
27.9
7.8
15.4
6.8
Vermont
...............................................
357,245
8.7
10.6
34.6
14.7
7.2
15.4
8.9
Virginia
.................................................
3,974,814
11.2
13.7
26.6
18.5
5.5
15.4
9.1
Washington
..........................................
3,126,390
5.5
10.7
27.9
25.0
7.9
15.9
7.0
West
Virginia
........................................
1,171,766
16.8
17.3
36.6
13.2
3.8
7.5
4.8
Wisconsin
.............................................
3,094,226
9.5
11.9
37.1
16.7
7.1
12.1
5.6
Wyoming
..............................................
277,769
5.7
11.2
33.2
24.2
6.9
13.1
5.7
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
100.0
percent.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Decennial
Census,
Minority
Economic
Profiles,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1993.)
21
ALL
LEVELS:
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Table
12.
 
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
state
and
race/
ethnicity:
April
1990
State
Percent
with
high
school
diploma
or
higher
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
or
higher
Total
White
1
Black
1
Hispanic
2
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
1
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
1
Total
White
1
Black
1
Hispanic
2
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
1
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
......................
75.2
77.9
63.1
49.8
77.5
65.5
20.3
21.5
11.4
9.2
36.6
9.3
Alabama
...................................
66.9
70.3
54.6
73.8
78.9
64.9
15.7
17.3
9.3
20.1
43.7
11.6
Alaska
......................................
86.6
91.1
88.2
80.4
75.4
63.1
23.0
26.8
14.1
14.6
20.5
4.1
Arizona
.....................................
78.7
82.4
75.1
51.7
80.2
52.1
20.3
22.2
14.3
6.9
37.5
4.6
Arkansas
..................................
66.3
68.6
51.5
59.1
66.4
65.4
13.3
14.1
8.4
11.1
24.6
9.8
California
..................................
76.2
81.1
75.6
45.0
77.2
71.4
23.4
25.4
14.8
7.1
34.1
11.1
Colorado
..................................
84.4
86.1
80.8
58.3
78.3
73.9
27.0
28.3
17.1
8.6
32.1
12.1
Connecticut
..............................
79.2
80.9
67.0
53.5
81.9
68.9
27.2
28.5
12.3
12.1
50.8
12.5
Delaware
..................................
77.5
80.3
63.2
60.1
86.1
62.0
21.4
23.0
10.6
16.5
55.9
10.2
District
of
Columbia
.................
73.1
93.1
63.8
52.6
80.2
66.3
33.3
69.0
15.3
24.0
50.9
17.7
Florida
......................................
74.4
77.0
56.4
57.2
77.8
68.2
18.3
19.3
9.8
14.2
33.6
11.5
Georgia
....................................
70.9
74.9
58.6
66.2
77.5
71.6
19.3
21.8
11.0
20.5
38.6
12.5
Hawaii
......................................
80.1
89.3
94.2
73.9
74.7
84.4
22.9
30.2
15.2
10.3
19.4
17.7
Idaho
........................................
79.7
80.9
82.8
43.4
80.3
68.1
17.7
18.0
15.8
6.6
27.6
7.2
Illinois
.......................................
76.2
79.1
65.2
45.0
83.9
71.4
21.0
22.4
11.4
8.0
49.8
13.4
Indiana
.....................................
75.6
76.5
65.4
62.6
85.8
65.0
15.6
17.6
9.3
10.8
53.1
8.4
Iowa
.........................................
80.1
80.3
70.1
64.2
76.4
67.6
16.9
16.7
12.8
13.7
47.3
9.7
Kansas
.....................................
81.3
82.4
71.0
58.1
73.6
75.4
21.1
21.7
11.6
10.1
39.9
10.8
Kentucky
..................................
64.6
64.7
61.7
74.0
77.9
59.8
13.6
13.9
7.7
18.9
44.2
8.0
Louisiana
.................................
68.3
74.2
53.1
67.6
68.1
49.1
16.1
18.7
9.1
16.6
31.4
5.5
Maine
.......................................
78.8
78.9
87.6
83.8
74.3
69.9
18.8
18.8
22.3
23.6
44.9
7.7
Maryland
..................................
78.4
80.8
70.6
70.3
84.8
73.4
26.5
28.9
16.1
25.2
50.3
19.7
Massachusetts
.........................
80.0
81.2
70.0
52.0
74.1
71.1
27.2
27.7
17.0
13.6
44.9
14.9
Michigan
..................................
76.8
78.6
64.9
60.9
83.3
67.8
17.4
18.1
10.1
11.6
54.1
7.6
Minnesota
................................
82.4
82.8
76.2
71.1
69.7
68.2
21.8
21.9
17.5
17.2
33.5
7.7
Mississippi
...............................
64.3
71.7
47.3
67.7
68.2
57.4
14.7
17.2
8.8
17.1
35.1
8.1
Missouri
...................................
73.9
74.9
65.1
71.0
81.5
65.1
17.8
18.3
11.2
18.0
47.3
11.0
Montana
...................................
81.0
81.7
80.9
66.4
78.5
68.1
19.8
20.3
18.4
10.9
32.1
7.9
Nebraska
.................................
81.8
82.4
73.2
60.0
80.0
69.0
18.9
19.2
12.4
9.4
39.5
8.8
Nevada
....................................
78.8
80.9
70.8
53.7
74.1
69.8
15.3
15.9
9.0
7.0
21.9
8.0
New
Hampshire
.......................
82.2
82.2
86.1
78.2
82.7
65.9
24.4
24.2
25.7
25.5
26.1
16.0
New
Jersey
..............................
76.7
78.6
67.0
53.9
86.8
66.9
24.9
25.8
13.6
10.8
57.1
14.8
New
Mexico
.............................
75.1
78.6
74.7
59.6
80.8
58.2
20.4
23.4
14.2
8.7
38.7
5.8
New
York
.................................
76.7
78.5
64.7
50.4
72.4
65.2
23.1
25.3
12.6
9.3
38.7
13.4
North
Carolina
.........................
70.0
73.1
58.1
71.0
77.9
51.5
17.4
19.3
9.5
17.9
39.3
7.9
North
Dakota
...........................
76.7
76.9
95.9
75.2
83.7
64.3
18.1
18.3
17.1
15.9
37.8
8.3
Ohio
.........................................
75.7
76.9
64.6
63.3
83.5
65.3
17.0
17.6
9.1
14.2
53.2
8.3
Oklahoma
................................
74.6
75.7
70.1
55.9
76.1
68.1
17.8
18.7
12.0
10.5
34.7
10.8
Oregon
.....................................
81.5
82.3
75.0
53.0
79.4
71.0
20.6
20.8
9.1
10.1
32.3
8.3
Pennsylvania
...........................
74.7
75.9
63.5
52.2
77.1
67.8
17.9
18.5
10.0
11.8
45.2
12.0
Rhode
Island
...........................
72.0
73.0
65.9
46.8
59.6
64.5
21.3
21.8
12.7
8.9
30.6
8.3
South
Carolina
.........................
68.3
73.6
53.3
71.8
77.4
62.5
16.6
19.8
7.6
19.8
34.4
10.9
South
Dakota
...........................
77.1
77.8
82.2
71.3
74.3
62.5
17.2
17.6
24.1
13.4
33.1
6.8
Tennessee
...............................
67.1
68.2
59.4
71.5
79.3
63.1
16.0
16.7
10.2
21.9
42.6
10.5
Texas
.......................................
72.1
76.2
66.1
44.6
79.1
70.9
20.3
22.6
12.0
7.3
41.3
13.9
Utah
.........................................
85.1
86.2
77.0
61.0
80.7
59.3
22.3
22.7
15.9
9.1
29.4
6.4
Vermont
...................................
80.8
80.8
82.9
84.7
87.1
66.8
24.3
24.2
30.5
28.2
52.1
11.1
Virginia
.....................................
75.2
78.3
60.3
70.5
82.1
70.7
24.5
27.0
11.1
22.4
40.2
14.7
Washington
..............................
83.8
85.0
81.2
56.7
77.3
72.3
22.9
23.3
15.4
11.0
30.2
9.1
West
Virginia
...........................
66.0
66.0
64.7
70.3
88.8
57.9
12.3
12.2
10.9
17.6
63.3
6.5
Wisconsin
................................
78.6
79.6
61.3
54.1
71.5
66.8
17.7
18.1
8.3
10.0
40.4
5.5
Wyoming
..................................
83.0
83.9
81.2
59.3
77.5
68.2
18.8
19.3
9.5
4.8
28.6
6.2
1
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
2
Persons
of
Hispanic
origin
may
be
of
any
race.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Decennial
Census,
Minority
Economic
Profiles,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1993.)
22
ALL
LEVELS:
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT
Table
13.
 
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
for
the
25
largest
states:
March
1996
State
Number
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over
(
in
thousands)
Percent
high
school
completion
or
higher
Percent
completed
bachelor's
or
higher
degree
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Alabama
..............................
2,771
1,273
1,498
75.7
(
2.3)
76.2
(
3.3)
75.2
(
3.1)
18.0
(
2.1)
18.6
(
3.1)
17.5
(
2.8)
Arizona
................................
2,600
1,242
1,359
83.5
(
2.0)
83.9
(
2.8)
83.0
(
2.7)
20.4
(
2.1)
24.9
(
3.3)
16.3
(
2.7)
California
.............................
19,849
9,773
10,076
79.8
(
0.8)
80.3
(
1.2)
79.2
(
1.2)
26.8
(
0.9)
29.8
(
1.4)
23.9
(
1.2)
Florida
.................................
9,641
4,520
5,121
81.5
(
1.0)
81.0
(
1.4)
81.9
(
1.3)
20.4
(
1.0)
23.1
(
1.6)
18.1
(
1.3)
Georgia
...............................
4,645
2,173
2,472
76.5
(
2.2)
76.5
(
3.2)
76.6
(
3.0)
22.4
(
2.1)
24.8
(
3.2)
20.3
(
2.8)
Illinois
..................................
7,520
3,563
3,957
83.2
(
1.1)
83.3
(
1.6)
83.1
(
1.5)
24.5
(
1.3)
26.6
(
1.9)
22.5
(
1.7)

Indiana
................................
3,728
1,783
1,945
83.7
(
2.1)
84.6
(
2.9)
82.8
(
2.9)
16.2
(
2.1)
17.6
(
3.1)
14.8
(
2.8)
Kentucky
.............................
2,565
1,223
1,343
74.0
(
2.3)
74.4
(
3.4)
73.7
(
3.2)
17.5
(
2.0)
19.4
(
3.0)
15.8
(
2.7)
Louisiana
............................
2,697
1,274
1,424
74.6
(
2.5)
74.2
(
3.6)
75.0
(
3.4)
19.2
(
2.3)
20.9
(
3.4)
17.8
(
3.0)
Maryland
.............................
3,325
1,603
1,722
84.6
(
2.0)
85.4
(
2.8)
83.8
(
2.9)
32.5
(
2.6)
35.3
(
3.9)
29.8
(
3.6)
Massachusetts
....................
4,110
2,011
2,099
84.9
(
1.0)
84.5
(
1.5)
85.2
(
1.4)
32.4
(
1.3)
35.2
(
2.0)
29.8
(
1.8)
Michigan
.............................
6,083
2,841
3,242
84.2
(
1.0)
83.3
(
1.6)
85.0
(
1.4)
21.1
(
1.2)
23.6
(
1.8)
18.8
(
1.5)

Minnesota
...........................
2,880
1,392
1,488
87.9
(
1.8)
88.2
(
2.6)
87.5
(
2.6)
26.3
(
2.5)
29.1
(
3.6)
23.7
(
3.3)
Missouri
..............................
3,384
1,599
1,785
83.9
(
2.1)
84.8
(
2.9)
83.0
(
2.9)
24.3
(
2.4)
24.3
(
3.5)
24.4
(
3.3)
New
Jersey
.........................
5,231
2,487
2,745
84.9
(
1.0)
85.4
(
1.4)
84.4
(
1.4)
28.3
(
1.3)
31.4
(
1.9)
25.5
(
1.7)
New
York
............................
11,839
5,513
6,326
81.6
(
0.8)
82.7
(
1.2)
80.7
(
1.2)
25.6
(
0.9)
27.7
(
1.4)
23.8
(
1.3)
North
Carolina
....................
4,708
2,261
2,447
76.0
(
1.1)
73.9
(
1.7)
78.0
(
1.5)
21.0
(
1.1)
22.6
(
1.6)
19.6
(
1.5)
Ohio
....................................
7,186
3,430
3,756
84.9
(
1.0)
86.1
(
1.4)
83.8
(
1.4)
22.3
(
1.2)
25.5
(
1.8)
19.4
(
1.5)

Pennsylvania
......................
7,941
3,685
4,256
81.6
(
1.1)
81.3
(
1.6)
81.9
(
1.5)
22.3
(
1.2)
25.4
(
1.8)
19.6
(
1.5)
South
Carolina
....................
2,318
1,088
1,230
73.8
(
2.2)
75.5
(
3.1)
72.3
(
3.0)
18.1
(
1.9)
19.7
(
2.8)
16.6
(
2.5)
Tennessee
..........................
3,466
1,646
1,819
79.0
(
2.0)
77.8
(
3.0)
80.0
(
2.8)
19.5
(
2.0)
21.0
(
3.0)
18.0
(
2.7)
Texas
..................................
11,411
5,524
5,887
76.4
(
1.2)
76.5
(
1.7)
76.3
(
1.6)
21.9
(
1.1)
24.2
(
1.7)
19.8
(
1.5)
Virginia
................................
4,240
1,974
2,265
82.0
(
1.8)
81.2
(
2.7)
82.6
(
2.5)
26.3
(
2.1)
28.9
(
3.1)
24.1
(
2.8)
Washington
.........................
3,418
1,677
1,740
90.2
(
1.6)
89.4
(
2.3)
91.0
(
2.1)
25.6
(
2.3)
27.6
(
3.3)
23.6
(
3.1)
Wisconsin
...........................
3,259
1,569
1,690
88.7
(
1.6)
90.4
(
2.2)
87.1
(
2.4)
24.0
(
2.2)
26.2
(
3.2)
22.0
(
2.9)

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
``
Educational
Attainment
in
the
United
States:
March
1996.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
14.
 
Educational
attainment
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
for
the
15
largest
metropolitan
areas:
March
1995
Metropolitan
area
Number
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over
(
in
thousands)
Percent
high
school
completion
or
higher
Percent
completed
bachelor's
or
higher
degree
Total
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Atlanta,
GA
..........................................
1,883
899
984
87.6
(
3.7)
88.4
(
3.5)
37.4
(
5.5)
31.5
(
5.1)
Boston­
Lawrence­
Salem,
MA/
NH
.......
3,254
1,548
1,706
88.2
(
1.5)
87.1
(
1.5)
38.8
(
2.3)
32.5
(
2.1)
Chicago­
Gary­
Lake
County,
IL/
IN/
WI
5,306
2,506
2,800
83.7
(
1.8)
83.8
(
1.7)
31.4
(
2.3)
25.6
(
2.1)
Cleveland­
Akron­
Lorain,
OH
...............
2,016
925
1,091
81.0
(
3.1)
79.3
(
2.9)
24.9
(
3.4)
16.4
(
2.7)
Dallas­
Fort
Worth,
TX
.........................
2,595
1,260
1,336
79.3
(
3.3)
79.1
(
3.2)
27.3
(
3.6)
20.7
(
3.2)

Detroit­
Ann
Arbor,
MI
..........................
3,472
1,652
1,820
80.9
(
2.1)
80.7
(
2.1)
27.2
(
2.4)
18.8
(
2.0)
Houston­
Galveston­
Brazoria,
TX
........
3,077
1,475
1,602
83.7
(
2.8)
83.4
(
2.7)
31.4
(
3.5)
22.1
(
3.0)
Los
Angeles­
Anaheim­
Riverside,
CA
9,467
4,605
4,862
77.5
(
1.5)
75.2
(
1.5)
28.4
(
1.6)
19.7
(
1.4)
Miami­
Fort
Lauderdale,
FL
.................
2,232
1,055
1,177
85.7
(
2.7)
81.9
(
2.8)
27.3
(
3.4)
20.4
(
2.9)
New
York­
Northern
New
Jersey­
Long
Island,
NY/
NJ/
CT
.............................
12,525
5,770
6,754
84.4
(
1.1)
82.5
(
1.1)
32.8
(
1.4)
25.3
(
1.2)

Philadelphia­
Wilmington­
Trenton,
PA/
NJ/
DE/
MD
........................................
4,248
2,025
2,223
83.6
(
2.0)
83.8
(
1.9)
34.3
(
2.6)
25.8
(
2.3)
Pittsburgh­
Beaver
Valley,
PA
.............
1,911
926
985
81.1
(
3.2)
81.4
(
3.1)
26.6
(
3.6)
19.8
(
3.1)
San
Francisco­
Oakland­
San
Jose,
CA
4,298
2,136
2,162
89.2
(
2.1)
87.9
(
2.2)
35.8
(
3.2)
29.1
(
3.0)
St.
Louis,
MO/
IL
..................................
1,641
775
866
81.1
(
4.9)
83.2
(
4.4)
27.5
(
5.6)
20.8
(
4.8)
Washington,
DC/
MD/
VA
.....................
2,872
1,460
1,411
85.5
(
3.0)
85.8
(
3.0)
38.6
(
4.2)
28.1
(
3.9)

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
``
Educational
Attainment
in
the
United
States:
March
1995.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
23
ALL
LEVELS:
POPULATION
Table
15.
 
Estimates
of
resident
population,
by
age
group:
July
1,
1970
to
July
1,
1997
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total,
all
ages
Total,
3
to
34
years
3
and
4
years
5
and
6
years
7
to
13
years
14
to
17
years
18
and
19
years
20
and
21
years
22
to
24
years
25
to
29
years
30
to
34
years
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1970
................
203,984
108,653
6,962
7,703
28,969
15,921
7,410
6,850
9,728
13,604
11,505
1971
................
206,827
110,482
6,805
7,344
28,892
16,326
7,644
7,106
10,596
13,927
11,842
1972
................
209,284
112,287
6,789
7,051
28,628
16,637
7,854
7,447
10,418
15,142
12,321
1973
................
211,357
113,954
6,938
6,888
28,159
16,864
8,044
7,658
10,615
15,694
13,094
1974
................
213,342
115,641
7,117
6,864
27,599
17,033
8,196
7,893
10,864
16,428
13,644
1975
................
215,465
117,006
6,912
7,014
26,904
17,125
8,418
8,089
11,228
17,183
14,131
1976
................
217,563
118,073
6,437
7,194
26,321
17,117
8,604
8,240
11,554
18,177
14,428
1977
................
219,760
118,853
6,190
6,978
25,878
17,042
8,613
8,456
11,856
18,180
15,661
1978
................
222,095
119,414
6,208
6,499
25,593
16,944
8,617
8,628
12,120
18,585
16,218
1979
................
224,567
120,126
6,252
6,256
25,174
16,610
8,698
8,653
12,443
19,077
16,961
1980
................
227,225
121,132
6,366
6,291
24,800
16,143
8,718
8,669
12,716
19,686
17,743
1981
................
229,466
121,999
6,535
6,315
24,396
15,609
8,582
8,759
12,903
20,169
18,731
1982
................
231,664
121,823
6,658
6,407
24,121
15,057
8,480
8,768
12,914
20,704
18,714
1983
................
233,792
122,302
6,877
6,572
23,709
14,740
8,290
8,652
12,981
21,414
19,067
1984
................
235,825
122,254
7,045
6,694
23,367
14,725
7,932
8,567
12,962
21,459
19,503
1985
................
237,924
122,512
7,134
6,916
22,976
14,888
7,637
8,370
12,895
21,671
20,025
1986
................
240,133
122,688
7,187
7,086
22,992
14,824
7,483
8,024
12,720
21,893
20,479
1987
................
242,289
122,672
7,132
7,178
23,325
14,502
7,502
7,742
12,450
21,857
20,984
1988
................
244,499
122,713
7,176
7,238
23,791
14,023
7,701
7,606
12,048
21,739
21,391
1989
................
246,819
122,655
7,315
7,184
24,228
13,536
7,898
7,651
11,607
21,560
21,676
1990
................
249,440
122,645
7,355
7,238
24,754
13,319
7,700
7,886
11,251
21,233
21,909
1991
................
252,124
122,553
7,425
7,368
25,076
13,439
7,201
8,028
11,149
20,715
22,152
1992
................
255,002
122,571
7,577
7,403
25,503
13,679
6,934
7,793
11,293
20,152
22,237
1993
................
257,753
122,740
7,830
7,484
25,857
13,952
6,958
7,326
11,511
19,593
22,229
1994
................
260,292
122,856
8,008
7,639
26,028
14,443
7,005
7,057
11,394
19,142
22,141
1995
................
262,761
122,881
8,006
7,886
26,256
14,770
7,122
7,079
10,967
18,954
21,839
1996
................
265,179
122,809
7,905
8,063
26,487
15,149
7,320
7,120
10,442
18,993
21,328
1997
................
267,636
122,753
7,785
8,065
26,883
15,429
7,468
7,248
10,263
18,869
20,741
NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
25,
Nos.
1000,
1022,
1045,
1057,
1059,
1092,
1095,
and
U.
S.
Population
Estimates,
by
Age,
Sex,
Race,
and
Hispanic
Origin:
1990
 
1997,
PPL­
91R;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1998.)

Table
16.
 
Estimates
of
school­
age
1
resident
population,
by
race
and
sex:
July
1,
1970
to
July
1,
1997
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total
White
2
Black
2
Other
races
2
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1970
..........................
52,593
26,793
25,801
44,783
22,877
21,906
7,108
3,561
3,547
703
355
349
1971
..........................
52,562
26,780
25,782
44,644
22,809
21,834
7,182
3,600
3,583
737
371
365
1972
..........................
52,316
26,658
25,658
44,336
22,655
21,681
7,211
3,615
3,596
768
388
380
1973
..........................
51,910
26,456
25,455
43,898
22,434
21,464
7,213
3,617
3,596
799
405
394
1974
..........................
51,498
26,249
25,249
43,454
22,210
21,244
7,213
3,618
3,596
830
420
409
1975
..........................
51,044
26,022
25,022
42,950
21,956
20,994
7,199
3,611
3,588
895
456
440
1976
..........................
50,633
25,822
24,811
42,477
21,721
20,755
7,208
3,617
3,591
948
483
465
1977
..........................
49,897
25,456
24,441
41,737
21,350
20,386
7,167
3,600
3,568
994
506
487
1978
..........................
49,038
25,024
24,013
40,883
20,919
19,964
7,116
3,576
3,540
1,039
530
509
1979
..........................
48,041
24,524
23,517
39,910
20,427
19,484
7,037
3,538
3,498
1,094
560
536
1980
..........................
47,232
24,135
23,097
39,002
19,982
19,020
6,989
3,520
3,469
1,241
633
608
1981
..........................
46,319
23,676
22,643
38,105
19,527
18,578
6,872
3,474
3,398
1,342
675
667
1982
..........................
45,585
23,309
22,276
37,365
19,153
18,212
6,826
3,442
3,384
1,394
714
680
1983
..........................
45,020
23,031
21,989
36,800
18,873
17,927
6,762
3,412
3,350
1,458
746
712
1984
..........................
44,788
22,920
21,868
36,509
18,731
17,778
6,743
3,404
3,339
1,536
785
751
1985
..........................
44,782
22,927
21,855
36,393
18,679
17,714
6,729
3,400
3,329
1,660
848
812
1986
..........................
44,903
22,996
21,907
36,408
18,701
17,707
6,802
3,438
3,364
1,693
857
836
1987
..........................
45,005
23,056
21,949
36,361
18,674
17,687
6,841
3,460
3,381
1,803
922
881
1988
..........................
45,051
23,086
21,965
36,279
18,637
17,642
6,881
3,482
3,399
1,891
967
924
1989
..........................
44,947
23,036
21,911
36,122
18,550
17,572
6,867
3,475
3,392
1,958
1,011
947
1990
..........................
45,312
23,229
22,083
36,320
18,668
17,652
6,920
3,503
3,417
2,069
1,055
1,014
1991
..........................
45,884
23,531
22,353
36,734
18,888
17,846
7,013
3,552
3,461
2,131
1,086
1,045
1992
..........................
46,583
23,894
22,689
37,233
19,147
18,086
7,146
3,624
3,522
2,205
1,125
1,080
1993
..........................
47,292
24,259
23,033
37,717
19,396
18,321
7,292
3,699
3,593
2,288
1,165
1,123
1994
..........................
48,110
24,681
23,429
38,280
19,684
18,594
7,466
3,791
3,676
2,362
1,204
1,159
1995
..........................
48,911
25,095
23,816
38,842
19,975
18,867
7,615
3,869
3,749
2,453
1,250
1,202
1996
..........................
49,698
25,500
24,199
39,383
20,250
19,133
7,766
3,947
3,818
2,553
1,302
1,250
1997
..........................
50,378
25,846
24,532
39,850
20,486
19,366
7,887
4,011
3,876
2,641
1,349
1,291
1
Includes
persons
5
to
17
years
of
age.

2
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
25,
Nos.
1000,
1022,
1045,
1057,
1092;
U.
S.
Population
Estimates,
by
Age,
Sex,
Race,
and
Hispanic
Origin:
1990
 
1997,
PPL­
91R;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1998.)
24
ALL
LEVELS:
POPULATION
Table
17.
 
Estimated
total
and
school­
age
resident
populations,
by
state:
1
1970
to
1997
[
In
thousands]

State
1970
2
1980
2
1985
3
1990
2
1995
3
1996
3
1997
3
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
Total,
all
ages
5­
to
17­

yearolds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
United
States
......
203,302
52,540
226,546
47,407
237,924
44,782
248,710
45,166
262,761
48,911
265,179
49,698
267,636
50,378
Alabama
....................
3,444
934
3,894
866
3,973
798
4,041
774
4,262
781
4,287
781
4,319
779
Alaska
.......................
303
88
402
92
532
112
550
117
602
134
605
136
609
139
Arizona
......................
1,775
486
2,718
578
3,184
601
3,665
686
4,308
823
4,434
864
4,555
904
Arkansas
...................
1,923
498
2,286
496
2,327
461
2,351
455
2,481
478
2,506
483
2,523
486
California
...................
19,971
4,999
23,668
4,681
26,441
4,752
29,760
5,337
31,558
5,963
31,858
6,157
32,268
6,291
Colorado
...................
2,210
589
2,890
592
3,209
599
3,294
607
3,742
707
3,816
724
3,893
742
Connecticut
...............
3,032
768
3,108
638
3,201
549
3,287
520
3,267
564
3,267
569
3,270
575
Delaware
...................
548
148
594
125
618
113
666
114
716
125
723
127
732
128
District
of
Columbia
..
757
164
638
109
635
88
607
80
552
75
539
74
529
74
Florida
.......................
6,791
1,609
9,746
1,789
11,351
1,792
12,938
2,011
14,181
2,386
14,419
2,455
14,654
2,520
Georgia
.....................
4,588
1,223
5,463
1,231
5,963
1,195
6,478
1,230
7,192
1,367
7,334
1,399
7,486
1,430
Hawaii
.......................
770
204
965
198
1,040
194
1,108
196
1,179
211
1,183
213
1,187
214
Idaho
.........................
713
200
944
213
994
223
1,007
228
1,165
255
1,188
257
1,210
260
Illinois
........................
11,110
2,859
11,427
2,401
11,400
2,192
11,431
2,095
11,795
2,201
11,845
2,240
11,896
2,271
Indiana
......................
5,195
1,386
5,490
1,200
5,459
1,087
5,544
1,056
5,788
1,076
5,828
1,084
5,864
1,090
Iowa
..........................
2,825
743
2,914
604
2,830
543
2,777
525
2,841
538
2,848
539
2,852
542
Kansas
......................
2,249
573
2,364
468
2,427
452
2,478
472
2,570
504
2,579
506
2,595
509
Kentucky
...................
3,221
844
3,661
800
3,695
745
3,685
703
3,856
708
3,882
707
3,908
704
Louisiana
...................
3,645
1,041
4,206
969
4,408
937
4,220
890
4,329
899
4,341
889
4,352
877
Maine
........................
994
260
1,125
243
1,163
222
1,228
223
1,234
228
1,239
228
1,242
228
Maryland
...................
3,924
1,038
4,217
895
4,413
788
4,781
803
5,027
902
5,060
912
5,094
922
Massachusetts
..........
5,689
1,407
5,737
1,153
5,881
989
6,016
940
6,061
1,015
6,085
1,034
6,118
1,052
Michigan
....................
8,882
2,450
9,262
2,067
9,076
1,824
9,295
1,754
9,655
1,843
9,731
1,850
9,774
1,852
Minnesota
.................
3,806
1,051
4,076
865
4,184
796
4,375
828
4,607
918
4,649
925
4,686
935
Mississippi
.................
2,217
635
2,521
599
2,588
576
2,573
550
2,691
550
2,711
551
2,731
551
Missouri
.....................
4,678
1,183
4,917
1,008
5,000
941
5,117
944
5,325
1,010
5,364
1,026
5,402
1,040
Montana
....................
694
197
787
167
822
167
799
163
869
176
877
176
879
175
Nebraska
...................
1,485
389
1,570
324
1,585
305
1,578
309
1,636
326
1,649
328
1,657
330
Nevada
......................
489
127
800
160
951
166
1,202
204
1,530
276
1,601
294
1,677
313
New
Hampshire
........
738
189
921
196
997
182
1,109
194
1,146
216
1,160
219
1,173
222
New
Jersey
...............
7,171
1,797
7,365
1,528
7,566
1,340
7,730
1,265
7,956
1,385
8,002
1,409
8,053
1,430
New
Mexico
..............
1,017
311
1,303
303
1,438
304
1,515
320
1,686
358
1,711
362
1,730
365
New
York
..................
18,241
4,358
17,558
3,552
17,792
3,173
17,990
3,000
18,146
3,166
18,134
3,212
18,137
3,246
North
Carolina
...........
5,084
1,323
5,882
1,254
6,254
1,175
6,629
1,147
7,187
1,280
7,309
1,317
7,425
1,355
North
Dakota
.............
618
175
653
136
677
133
639
127
641
128
643
126
641
125
Ohio
..........................
10,657
2,820
10,798
2,307
10,735
2,090
10,847
2,012
11,133
2,073
11,163
2,083
11,186
2,090
Oklahoma
..................
2,559
640
3,025
622
3,271
635
3,146
609
3,271
644
3,295
648
3,317
652
Oregon
......................
2,092
534
2,633
525
2,673
504
2,842
521
3,143
585
3,196
592
3,243
598
Pennsylvania
.............
11,801
2,925
11,864
2,376
11,771
2,079
11,882
1,996
12,046
2,109
12,040
2,118
12,020
2,126
Rhode
Island
.............
950
225
947
186
969
163
1,003
159
990
170
988
171
987
171
South
Carolina
..........
2,591
720
3,122
703
3,303
663
3,487
663
3,683
681
3,717
693
3,760
702
South
Dakota
............
666
187
691
147
698
139
696
144
735
153
738
150
738
148
Tennessee
................
3,926
1,002
4,591
972
4,715
903
4,877
882
5,235
942
5,307
953
5,368
963
Texas
........................
11,199
3,002
14,229
3,137
16,273
3,318
16,987
3,437
18,738
3,782
19,091
3,879
19,439
3,969
Utah
..........................
1,059
312
1,461
350
1,643
418
1,723
457
1,974
489
2,018
491
2,059
492
Vermont
....................
445
118
511
109
530
100
563
102
583
110
586
110
589
111
Virginia
......................
4,651
1,197
5,347
1,114
5,715
1,039
6,187
1,060
6,601
1,154
6,666
1,173
6,734
1,192
Washington
...............
3,413
881
4,132
826
4,400
816
4,867
893
5,436
1,027
5,520
1,047
5,610
1,068
West
Virginia
.............
1,744
442
1,950
414
1,907
383
1,793
337
1,822
318
1,820
314
1,816
308
Wisconsin
..................
4,418
1,203
4,706
1,011
4,748
908
4,892
927
5,113
1,000
5,146
1,005
5,170
1,011
Wyoming
...................
332
92
470
101
500
108
454
101
479
103
480
102
480
101
1
Includes
Armed
Forces
residing
in
each
state.
2
As
of
April
1.
3
Estimates
as
of
July
1.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
25,
No.
1095
at
the
national
level,
CPH­
L­
74
(
1990
data);
and
forthcoming
state
level
P­
25
Reports.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
25
ALL
LEVELS:
FAMILY
CHARACTERISTICS
Table
18.
 
Families,
by
family
status
and
presence
of
own
children
under
18:
1970
to
1996
Family
status
1970
1980
1985
1988
1989
1990
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Change,
1970
to
1980
Change,
1980
to
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
In
thousands
Percent
change
All
families
.............................
51,456
59,550
62,706
65,133
65,837
66,090
67,173
68,144
68,490
69,305
69,594
15.7
16.9
Married­
couple
family
......................
44,728
49,112
50,350
51,809
52,100
52,317
52,457
53,171
53,171
53,858
53,567
9.8
9.1
No
own
children
under
18
..........
19,196
24,151
26,140
27,209
27,365
27,780
28,037
28,464
28,113
28,617
28,647
25.8
18.6
With
own
children
under
18
.......
25,532
24,961
24,210
24,600
24,735
24,537
24,420
24,707
25,058
25,241
24,920
 
2.2
 
0.2
One
own
child
under
18
.........
8,163
9,671
9,640
9,904
9,829
9,583
9,520
9,466
9,452
9,564
9,352
18.5
 
3.3
Two
own
children
under
18
....
8,045
9,488
9,456
9,576
9,870
9,784
9,728
10,007
10,188
10,358
10,278
17.9
8.3
Three
or
more
own
children
under
18
..............................
9,325
5,802
5,115
5,120
5,035
5,170
5,173
5,234
5,418
5,319
5,350
 
37.8
 
7.8
Other
family,
male
householder,
no
spouse
present
..................
1,228
1,733
2,228
2,715
2,847
2,884
3,025
3,026
2,913
3,226
3,513
41.1
102.7
No
own
children
under
18
..........
887
1,117
1,331
1,669
1,779
1,731
1,742
1,702
1,599
1,786
1,885
25.9
68.8
With
own
children
under
18
.......
341
616
896
1,047
1,068
1,153
1,283
1,324
1,314
1,440
1,628
80.6
164.3
One
own
child
under
18
.............
179
374
584
657
619
723
768
799
805
891
1,005
108.9
168.7
Two
own
children
under
18
........
87
165
213
296
326
307
391
397
368
405
471
89.7
185.5
Three
or
more
own
children
under
18
..................................
75
77
100
94
121
123
123
128
141
144
152
2.7
97.4
Other
family,
female
householder,
no
spouse
present
..................
5,500
8,705
10,129
10,608
10,890
10,890
11,692
11,947
12,406
12,220
12,514
58.3
43.8
No
own
children
under
18
..........
2,642
3,261
4,123
4,335
4,371
4,290
4,648
4,721
4,759
4,606
4,859
23.4
49.0
With
own
children
under
18
.......
2,858
5,445
6,006
6,273
6,519
6,599
7,043
7,226
7,647
7,615
7,656
90.5
40.6
One
own
child
under
18
.............
1,008
2,398
2,885
3,017
3,164
3,225
3,327
3,425
3,566
3,633
3,683
137.9
53.6
Two
own
children
under
18
........
810
1,817
1,977
2,039
2,095
2,173
2,244
2,400
2,531
2,450
2,457
124.3
35.2
Three
or
more
own
children
under
18
..................................
1,040
1,230
1,144
1,217
1,260
1,202
1,472
1,400
1,550
1,531
1,514
18.3
23.1
Percent
of
all
families
Change
in
percentage
points
All
families
.............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
 
 
Married­
couple
family
......................
86.9
82.5
80.3
79.5
79.1
79.2
78.1
78.0
77.6
77.7
77.0
 
4.5
 
5.5
No
own
children
under
18
..........
37.3
40.6
41.7
41.8
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.8
41.0
41.3
41.2
3.3
0.6
With
own
children
under
18
.......
49.6
41.9
38.6
37.8
37.6
37.1
36.4
36.3
36.6
36.4
35.8
 
7.7
 
6.1
One
own
child
under
18
.........
15.9
16.2
15.4
15.2
14.9
14.5
14.2
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.4
0.4
 
2.8
Two
own
children
under
18
....
15.6
15.9
15.1
14.7
15.0
14.8
14.5
14.7
14.9
14.9
14.8
0.3
 
1.2
Three
or
more
own
children
under
18
..............................
18.1
9.7
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.9
7.7
7.7
 
8.4
 
2.1
Other
family,
male
householder,
no
spouse
present
..................
2.4
2.9
3.6
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.7
5.0
0.5
2.1
No
own
children
under
18
..........
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.7
0.2
0.8
With
own
children
under
18
.......
0.7
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.3
0.4
1.3
One
own
child
under
18
.............
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
0.3
0.8
Two
own
children
under
18
........
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.1
0.4
Three
or
more
own
children
under
18
..................................
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
(
1)
0.1
Other
family,
female
householder,
no
spouse
present
..................
10.7
14.6
16.2
16.3
16.5
16.5
17.4
17.5
18.1
17.6
18.0
3.9
3.4
No
own
children
under
18
..........
5.1
5.5
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.6
7.0
0.3
1.5
With
own
children
under
18
.......
5.6
9.1
9.6
9.6
9.9
10.0
10.5
10.6
11.2
11.0
11.0
3.6
1.9
One
own
child
under
18
.............
2.0
4.0
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.2
5.3
2.1
1.3
Two
own
children
under
18
........
1.6
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.5
1.5
0.5
Three
or
more
own
children
under
18
..................................
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.2
(
1)
0.1
1
Less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20­
495,
Household
and
Family
Characteristics,
various
years;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
26
ALL
LEVELS:
FAMILY
CHARACTERISTICS
Table
19.
 
Characteristics
of
families
with
own
children
under
18,
by
family
status
and
race/
ethnicity:
1
1996
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Family
characteristics
All
races
White
2
Black
2
Hispanic
origin
3
Total
Marriedcouple
families
Other
families
Total
Marriedcouple
families
Other
families
Total
Marriedcouple
families
Other
families
Total
Marriedcouple
families
Other
families
Male
householder

no
spouse
present
Female
householder

no
spouse
present
Male
householder

no
spouse
present
Female
householder

no
spouse
present
Male
householder

no
spouse
present
Female
householder

no
spouse
present
Male
householder

no
spouse
present
Female
householder

no
spouse
present
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
families
...................
69,594
53,567
3,513
12,514
58,869
47,873
2,712
8,284
8,055
3,713
573
3,769
6,287
4,247
436
1,604
Total
families
with
own
children
under
18
..........
34,203
24,920
1,628
7,656
28,086
21,835
1,276
4,975
4,583
1,901
278
2,404
4,048
2,731
179
1,138
Percent
of
all
families
................
49.1
46.5
46.3
61.2
47.7
45.6
47.1
60.1
56.9
51.2
48.5
63.8
64.4
64.3
41.1
70.9
Percent
distribution
....................
100.0
72.9
4.8
22.4
100.0
77.7
4.5
17.7
100.0
41.5
6.1
52.5
100.0
67.5
4.4
28.1
Families
with
 
1
child
under
18
....................
14,041
9,352
1,005
3,683
11,455
8,132
786
2,537
1,958
778
173
1,007
1,450
896
93
462
2
children
under
18
...............
13,206
10,278
471
2,457
11,110
9,080
381
1,649
1,485
692
63
731
1,437
998
50
389
3
children
under
18
...............
4,913
3,804
109
1,000
4,006
3,348
81
577
729
309
26
394
742
533
27
183
4
children
under
18
...............
1,440
1,060
30
350
1,088
929
19
140
281
79
10
192
286
223
6
57
5
children
under
18
...............
416
298
6
112
296
236
4
56
88
38
3
47
95
54
3
38
6
or
more
under
18
...............
188
128
7
52
131
111
5
16
42
7
2
33
37
27
 
10
Total
own
children
under
18
......
63,783
47,467
2,425
13,890
51,694
41,349
1,852
8,493
9,027
3,721
461
4,845
8,904
6,169
335
2,400
Average
number
of
children
per
family
with
children
.........
1.86
1.90
1.49
1.81
1.84
1.89
1.45
1.71
1.97
1.96
1.66
2.02
2.20
2.26
1.87
2.11
Total
families
with
own
children
under
6
............
15,450
11,782
624
3,043
12,656
10,341
474
1,841
2,084
876
113
1,095
2,138
1,525
101
512
Percent
of
all
families
................
22.2
22.0
17.8
24.3
21.5
21.6
17.5
22.2
25.9
23.6
19.7
29.1
34.0
35.9
2.4
31.9
Percent
distribution
....................
100.0
76.3
4.0
19.7
100.0
81.7
3.7
14.5
100.0
42.0
5.4
52.5
100.0
71.3
4.7
23.9
Families
with
 
1
child
under
6
......................
10,672
8,024
492
2,157
8,769
7,021
388
1,360
1,423
614
76
732
1,352
966
79
307
2
children
under
6
.................
4,081
3,287
107
687
3,387
2,899
72
416
501
236
26
240
654
475
14
164
3
children
under
6
.................
626
430
26
170
457
389
14
54
135
20
11
104
120
81
7
32
4
or
more
under
6
.................
71
41
 
29
43
32
 
11
24
6
 
18
12
3
 
9
Total
own
children
under
6
........
21,299
16,239
791
4,269
17,236
14,198
569
2,469
2,991
1,199
170
1,623
3,408
2,399
144
866
Average
number
of
children
per
family
with
children
.........
1.38
1.38
1.27
1.40
1.36
1.37
1.20
1.34
1.44
1.37
1.51
1.48
1.59
1.57
1.42
1.69
Total
families
with
own
children
under
3
............
8,818
6,930
396
1,493
7,256
6,074
306
875
1,149
519
68
562
1,307
926
74
308
Percent
of
all
families
................
12.7
12.9
11.3
11.9
12.3
12.7
11.3
10.6
14.3
14.0
11.9
14.9
20.8
21.8
17.0
19.2
Percent
distribution
....................
100.0
78.6
4.5
16.9
100.0
83.7
4.2
12.1
100.0
45.2
5.9
48.9
100.0
70.8
5.7
23.6
Families
with
 
1
child
under
3
......................
7,874
6,228
353
1,293
6,498
5,451
275
772
1,025
482
58
485
1,130
816
65
249
2
or
more
under
3
.................
944
702
43
199
758
623
31
103
124
37
11
77
177
110
8
59
Total
own
children
under
3
........
10,191
7,918
451
1,822
8,289
6,907
337
1,046
1,382
597
89
696
1,699
1,184
94
421
Average
number
of
children
per
family
with
children
.........
1.16
1.14
1.14
1.22
1.14
1.14
1.10
1.20
1.20
1.15
(
4)
1.24
1.30
1.28
(
4)
1.37
1
Race
of
family
is
defined
as
race
of
head
of
household.

2
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

3
Persons
of
Hispanic
origin
may
be
of
any
race.

4
Averages
and
percents
are
shown
only
when
the
base
is
75,000
or
greater.

 
Less
than
500.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P20­
495,

Household
and
Family
Characteristics:
March
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
27
ALL
LEVELS:
FAMILY
CHARACTERISTICS
Table
20.
 
Household
income
and
poverty
rates,
by
state:
1990,
1995,
and
1996
State
Median
household
income
1
Percent
of
persons
below
the
poverty
level
Poverty
status
of
related
children
5­
to
17­
year­
olds,
1996
1990
2
1995
1996
1990
2
1996
Number
in
poverty
Percent
in
poverty
Total
Under
5
years
5
years
6
to
11
years
12
to
17
years
18
to
64
years
65
to
74
years
75
years
and
over
Total
Standard
error
Number
(
in
thousands
Standard
error
Percent
Standard
error
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
United
States
......................
$
37,888
$
35,082
$
35,492
13.1
20.1
19.7
18.3
16.3
11.0
10.4
16.5
13.7
0.39
9,590
259
18.9
0.49
Alabama
..................................
29,554
26,758
30,302
18.3
26.1
25.8
24.3
22.3
14.6
19.2
31.1
14.0
1.72
170
37
20.7
4.03
Alaska
......................................
49,725
49,370
52,779
9.0
13.6
10.6
10.9
9.8
7.9
6.4
10.6
8.2
1.33
17
5
9.8
2.48
Arizona
....................................
36,978
31,774
31,637
15.7
24.9
24.2
21.8
19.1
14.0
9.3
13.2
20.5
1.85
292
47
29.6
4.05
Arkansas
.................................
28,832
26,576
27,123
19.1
28.5
26.6
25.2
22.7
15.3
18.0
29.9
17.2
1.83
105
22
19.5
3.71
California
.................................
42,123
38,102
38,812
12.5
19.0
19.3
18.3
17.1
10.9
6.5
9.5
16.9
0.76
1,474
122
23.5
1.72
Colorado
..................................
38,887
41,908
40,950
11.7
17.9
16.5
15.3
12.5
10.3
8.5
15.1
10.6
1.54
88
26
11.2
3.08
Connecticut
.............................
49,183
41,431
42,119
6.8
11.7
11.9
11.2
8.9
5.3
5.6
9.7
11.7
1.79
159
36
23.5
4.60
Delaware
.................................
38,977
35,959
39,309
8.7
13.3
12.7
11.8
10.8
7.2
8.2
13.5
8.6
1.56
17
5
12.4
3.72
District
of
Columbia
.................
34,660
31,656
31,966
16.9
27.0
25.5
25.0
24.4
14.3
15.5
19.7
24.1
2.38
31
6
38.1
6.06
Florida
.....................................
33,765
30,623
30,641
12.7
20.3
20.1
18.8
16.8
11.0
9.0
13.5
14.2
0.92
458
59
19.8
2.31
Georgia
....................................
34,874
35,106
32,496
14.7
22.1
21.3
20.1
18.1
11.4
16.5
26.7
14.8
1.58
278
56
19.6
3.53
Hawaii
......................................
49,248
44,116
41,772
8.3
12.6
12.6
11.2
10.8
6.9
6.7
10.4
12.1
1.82
32
10
15.7
4.24
Idaho
.......................................
32,019
33,641
34,709
13.3
19.6
18.9
15.9
13.3
12.0
8.7
15.6
11.9
1.57
40
9
16.3
3.48
Illinois
......................................
41,176
39,195
39,554
11.9
18.9
18.7
17.0
15.0
10.0
8.9
13.4
12.1
0.97
388
56
16.5
2.16
Indiana
.....................................
34,073
34,371
39,554
10.7
16.8
15.8
14.1
11.8
9.1
8.7
14.0
7.5
1.33
79
29
7.9
2.83
Iowa
.........................................
34,528
36,568
33,209
11.5
17.5
15.4
14.1
11.7
10.3
8.1
15.3
9.6
1.49
71
20
11.8
3.15
Kansas
....................................
37,855
31,237
32,585
11.5
16.8
16.5
14.1
11.6
10.1
8.5
16.8
11.2
1.61
56
17
10.7
3.09
Kentucky
..................................
31,355
30,690
32,413
19.0
27.9
26.5
24.6
22.4
16.2
17.5
25.3
17.0
1.86
203
39
27.0
4.39
Louisiana
.................................
28,350
28,774
30,262
23.6
33.4
33.0
31.1
29.7
19.6
20.5
30.1
20.5
1.94
235
42
27.7
4.23
Maine
.......................................
34,751
34,858
34,696
10.8
15.7
15.9
14.0
11.5
8.9
11.0
18.3
11.2
1.78
26
9
14.0
4.36
Maryland
..................................
49,167
42,253
43,993
8.3
11.9
11.9
11.5
10.2
6.8
8.8
13.6
10.3
1.61
137
39
14.9
3.91
Massachusetts
........................
45,864
39,713
39,494
8.9
14.5
14.8
13.8
11.0
7.3
7.3
12.6
10.1
1.12
144
31
13.1
2.58
Michigan
..................................
37,880
37,502
39,225
13.1
22.1
20.4
18.1
15.7
11.2
8.7
14.3
11.2
1.00
286
46
15.7
2.32
Minnesota
................................
39,813
39,053
40,991
10.2
14.8
14.6
12.5
10.6
8.8
8.4
17.2
9.8
1.47
130
34
13.0
3.16
Mississippi
...............................
25,532
27,322
26,677
25.2
35.8
35.1
33.5
31.9
20.0
24.0
37.1
20.6
1.97
163
29
26.0
3.97
Missouri
...................................
34,584
35,853
34,265
13.3
20.4
19.2
17.8
15.1
11.1
11.3
19.7
9.5
1.52
120
36
11.4
3.24
Montana
..................................
29,577
28,577
28,684
16.1
24.3
23.0
20.3
17.1
14.7
9.9
16.6
17.0
1.80
46
9
24.9
4.01
Nebraska
.................................
34,774
33,901
34,014
11.1
17.3
15.4
13.4
10.8
9.7
8.6
16.8
10.2
1.55
41
12
12.0
3.21
Nevada
....................................
40,519
37,149
38,540
10.2
15.1
14.4
12.6
11.9
9.1
8.4
12.3
8.1
1.45
24
9
8.3
3.06
New
Hampshire
.......................
51,631
40,328
39,407
6.4
8.5
8.7
7.3
6.2
5.4
7.7
13.9
6.4
1.44
13
6
6.8
3.14
New
Jersey
.............................
49,011
45,221
47,468
7.6
11.7
12.6
11.7
10.4
6.0
6.8
11.3
9.2
0.95
181
34
13.9
2.45
New
Mexico
.............................
31,682
26,758
25,086
20.6
30.3
30.6
27.6
25.2
17.8
13.7
21.2
25.5
2.07
136
21
32.2
4.07
New
York
.................................
39,973
34,003
35,410
13.0
20.6
21.2
19.6
17.0
11.0
10.0
14.7
16.7
0.84
868
78
25.0
1.96
North
Carolina
.........................
33,315
32,923
35,601
13.0
19.2
18.5
17.2
15.3
10.1
15.7
25.9
12.2
1.20
222
41
17.5
2.93
North
Dakota
...........................
31,967
29,948
31,470
14.4
19.6
18.4
17.2
14.7
13.0
10.8
19.5
11.0
1.61
13
4
10.2
3.07
Ohio
.........................................
37,976
35,973
34,070
12.5
21.1
19.9
17.8
14.6
10.7
8.7
13.8
12.7
1.02
367
55
16.7
2.28
Oklahoma
................................
30,854
27,088
27,437
16.7
25.3
23.4
21.7
18.5
14.2
13.5
24.1
16.6
1.77
173
32
24.2
3.86
Oregon
....................................
37,050
37,448
35,492
12.4
19.7
16.1
14.8
13.3
11.5
8.1
13.1
11.8
1.70
112
28
18.4
4.12
Pennsylvania
...........................
36,701
35,543
34,899
11.1
17.5
17.0
15.7
13.8
9.5
8.7
13.5
11.6
0.93
349
52
15.8
2.15
Rhode
Island
...........................
40,450
36,403
36,986
9.6
16.3
16.1
13.8
11.0
7.6
8.9
15.6
11.0
1.80
18
6
12.4
4.30
South
Carolina
........................
36,359
29,929
34,665
15.4
22.8
21.8
21.2
19.1
12.0
17.3
26.5
13.0
1.79
154
35
21.1
4.28
South
Dakota
..........................
31,090
30,451
29,526
15.9
23.6
22.2
20.2
17.3
13.6
11.1
21.3
11.8
1.62
16
5
11.6
3.17
Tennessee
...............................
28,586
29,872
30,790
15.7
23.9
22.5
20.8
18.5
12.5
17.2
26.7
15.9
1.83
231
50
20.6
3.96
Texas
.......................................
35,718
32,985
33,072
18.1
25.6
25.5
24.2
23.0
15.2
14.9
23.8
16.6
0.95
858
91
22.5
2.10
Utah
.........................................
38,139
37,557
37,038
11.4
15.8
14.4
12.0
10.0
11.0
6.4
12.5
7.7
1.26
39
12
8.6
2.45
Vermont
...................................
39,349
34,823
32,358
9.9
13.5
13.7
12.5
9.8
8.5
9.7
16.3
12.6
1.87
19
5
16.3
4.15
Virginia
....................................
44,379
37,292
39,211
10.2
14.5
14.5
13.5
11.9
8.4
11.6
18.5
12.3
1.60
183
47
17.9
4.12
Washington
.............................
40,632
36,618
36,676
10.9
17.0
16.4
14.3
12.2
9.8
7.0
12.4
11.9
1.68
158
43
15.5
3.88
West
Virginia
...........................
28,010
25,615
25,247
19.7
31.7
30.3
25.9
22.4
17.7
14.1
20.8
18.5
1.87
56
13
22.4
4.67
Wisconsin
................................
38,859
42,164
40,001
10.7
17.7
16.4
15.0
11.9
9.2
6.6
12.6
8.8
1.41
105
32
10.4
3.01
Wyoming
.................................
37,276
32,460
30,953
11.9
18.3
16.2
14.1
11.2
10.8
8.4
14.3
11.9
1.64
9
3
9.2
2.84
1
In
1996
dollars
adjusted
by
the
Consumer
Price
Index
for
all
urban
consumers.
2
Based
on
1989
incomes
collected
in
the
1990
Census.
Data
may
differ
from
figures
derived
from
the
Current
Population
Survey.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Decennial
Census,
Minority
Economic
Profiles,
unpublished
data;
and
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
60,
``
Poverty
in
the
United
States,''
``
Money
Income
of
Households,
Families,
and
Persons
in
the
United
States,''
and
``
Income,
Poverty,
and
Valuation
of
Noncash
Benefits,''
various
years,
and
``
Money
Income
in
the
U.
S.:
1996,''
P60
 
193.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
28
ALL
LEVELS:
FAMILY
CHARACTERISTICS
Table
21.
 
Poverty
status
of
persons,
families,
and
children
under
18,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1959
to
1996
Year
and
race/
ethnicity
Number
below
the
poverty
level,
in
thousands
Percent
below
the
poverty
level
All
persons
In
all
families
In
families
with
female
householder,
no
husband
present
All
persons
In
all
families
In
families
with
female
householder,
no
husband
present
Total
Householder
Related
children
under
18
Total
Related
children
under
18
Total
Householder
Related
children
under
18
Total
Related
children
under
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
races
1959
...........................
39,490
34,562
8,320
17,208
7,014
4,145
22.4
(
0.3)
20.8
18.5
26.9
(
0.4)
49.4
72.2
1960
...........................
39,851
34,925
8,243
17,288
7,247
4,095
22.2
(
0.3)
20.7
18.1
26.5
(
0.4)
48.9
68.4
1965
...........................
33,185
28,358
6,721
14,388
7,524
4,562
17.3
(
0.2)
15.8
13.9
20.7
(
0.4)
46.0
64.2
1970
...........................
25,420
20,330
5,260
10,235
7,503
4,689
12.6
(
0.2)
10.9
10.1
14.9
(
0.3)
38.1
53.0
1975
...........................
25,877
20,789
5,450
10,882
8,846
5,597
12.3
(
0.2)
10.9
9.7
16.8
(
0.4)
37.5
52.7
1980
...........................
29,272
22,601
6,217
11,114
10,120
5,866
13.0
(
0.2)
11.5
10.3
17.9
(
0.4)
36.7
50.8
1981
...........................
31,822
24,850
6,851
12,068
11,051
6,305
14.0
(
0.2)
12.5
11.2
19.5
(
0.4)
38.7
52.3
1982
...........................
34,398
27,349
7,512
13,139
11,701
6,696
15.0
(
0.2)
13.6
12.2
21.3
(
0.4)
40.6
56.0
1983
...........................
35,303
27,933
7,647
13,427
12,072
6,747
15.2
(
0.2)
13.9
12.3
21.8
(
0.4)
40.2
55.4
1984
...........................
33,700
26,458
7,277
12,929
11,831
6,772
14.4
(
0.2)
13.1
11.6
21.0
(
0.4)
38.4
54.0
1985
...........................
33,064
25,729
7,223
12,483
11,600
6,716
14.0
(
0.2)
12.6
11.4
20.1
(
0.4)
37.6
53.6
1986
...........................
32,370
24,754
7,023
12,257
11,944
6,943
13.6
(
0.2)
12.0
10.9
19.8
(
0.4)
38.3
54.4
1987
...........................
32,221
24,725
7,005
12,275
12,148
7,074
13.4
(
0.2)
12.0
10.7
19.7
(
0.4)
38.1
54.7
1988
...........................
31,745
24,048
6,876
11,935
11,972
6,742
13.0
(
0.2)
11.6
10.4
19.0
(
0.4)
37.2
50.6
1989
...........................
31,528
24,066
6,784
12,001
11,668
6,808
12.8
(
0.2)
11.5
10.3
19.0
(
0.4)
35.9
51.1
1990
...........................
33,585
25,232
7,098
12,715
12,578
7,363
13.5
(
0.2)
12.0
10.7
19.9
(
0.4)
37.2
53.4
1991
...........................
35,708
27,143
7,712
13,658
13,824
8,065
14.2
(
0.2)
12.8
11.5
21.1
(
0.4)
39.7
55.5
1992
...........................
36,880
27,947
7,960
13,876
13,716
8,032
14.8
(
0.2)
13.3
11.7
21.1
(
0.4)
39.0
54.3
1993
...........................
39,265
29,927
8,393
14,961
14,636
8,503
15.1
(
0.2)
13.6
12.3
22.0
(
0.4)
38.7
53.7
1994
...........................
38,059
28,985
8,053
14,610
14,380
8,427
14.5
(
0.2)
13.1
11.6
21.2
(
0.4)
38.6
52.9
1995
...........................
36,425
27,501
7,532
13,999
14,205
8,364
13.8
(
0.2)
12.3
10.8
20.2
(
0.4)
36.5
50.3
1996
...........................
36,529
27,376
7,708
13,764
13,796
7,990
13.7
(
0.2)
12.2
11.0
19.8
(
0.4)
35.8
49.3
White
1
1960
...........................
28,309
24,262
6,115
11,229
4,296
2,357
17.8
(
0.3)
16.2
14.9
20.0
(
0.4)
39.0
59.9
1965
...........................
22,496
18,508
4,824
8,595
4,092
2,321
13.3
(
0.2)
11.7
11.1
14.4
(
0.4)
35.4
52.9
1970
...........................
17,484
13,323
3,708
6,138
3,761
2,247
9.9
(
0.2)
8.1
8.0
10.5
(
0.3)
28.4
43.1
1975
...........................
17,770
13,799
3,838
6,748
4,577
2,813
9.7
(
0.2)
8.3
7.7
12.5
(
0.3)
29.4
44.2
1980
...........................
19,699
14,587
4,195
6,817
4,940
2,813
10.2
(
0.2)
8.6
8.0
13.4
(
0.4)
28.0
41.6
1985
...........................
22,860
17,125
4,983
7,838
5,990
3,372
11.4
(
0.2)
9.9
9.1
15.6
(
0.4)
29.8
45.2
1990
...........................
22,326
15,916
4,622
7,696
6,210
3,597
10.7
(
0.2)
9.0
8.1
15.1
(
0.4)
29.8
45.9
1991
...........................
23,747
17,268
5,022
8,316
6,806
3,941
11.3
(
0.2)
9.7
8.8
16.1
(
0.4)
31.5
47.1
1992
...........................
25,259
18,294
5,160
8,333
6,907
3,783
11.9
(
0.2)
10.1
8.9
16.0
(
0.4)
30.8
45.3
1993
...........................
26,226
18,968
5,452
9,123
7,199
4,102
12.2
(
0.2)
10.5
9.4
17.0
(
0.4)
31.0
45.6
1994
...........................
25,379
18,474
5,312
8,826
7,228
4,099
11.7
(
0.2)
10.1
9.1
16.3
(
0.4)
31.8
45.7
1995
...........................
24,423
17,593
4,994
8,474
7,047
4,051
11.2
(
0.2)
9.6
8.5
15.5
(
0.4)
29.7
42.5
1996
...........................
24,650
17,621
5,059
8,488
7,073
4,029
11.2
(
0.2)
9.6
8.6
15.5
(
0.4)
29.8
43.1
Black
1
1959
...........................
9,927
9,112
1,860
5,022
2,416
1,475
55.1
(
1.0)
54.9
48.1
65.5
(
1.3)
70.6
81.6
1966
...........................
8,867
8,090
1,620
4,774
3,160
2,107
41.8
(
0.9)
40.9
35.5
50.6
(
1.3)
65.3
76.6
1970
...........................
7,548
6,683
1,481
3,922
3,656
2,383
33.5
(
0.9)
32.2
29.5
41.5
(
1.2)
58.7
67.7
1975
...........................
7,545
6,533
1,513
3,884
4,168
2,724
31.3
(
0.8)
30.1
27.1
41.4
(
1.2)
54.3
66.0
1980
...........................
8,579
7,190
1,826
3,906
4,984
2,944
32.5
(
0.8)
31.1
28.9
42.1
(
1.3)
53.4
64.8
1985
...........................
8,926
7,504
1,983
4,057
5,342
3,181
31.3
(
0.8)
30.5
28.7
43.1
(
1.3)
53.2
66.9
1990
...........................
9,837
8,160
2,193
4,412
6,005
3,543
31.9
(
0.8)
31.0
29.3
44.2
(
1.3)
50.6
64.7
1991
...........................
10,242
8,504
2,343
4,637
6,557
3,853
32.7
(
0.8)
32.0
30.4
45.6
(
1.3)
54.8
68.2
1992
...........................
10,827
9,134
2,435
4,850
6,799
3,967
33.4
(
0.8)
32.9
30.9
46.3
(
1.3)
54.0
67.1
1993
...........................
10,877
9,242
2,499
5,030
6,955
4,104
33.1
(
0.8)
32.9
31.3
45.9
(
1.3)
53.0
65.9
1994
...........................
10,196
8,447
2,212
4,787
6,489
3,935
30.6
(
0.8)
29.6
27.3
43.3
(
1.3)
50.2
63.2
1995
...........................
9,872
8,189
2,127
4,644
6,553
3,954
29.3
(
0.8)
28.5
26.4
41.5
(
1.3)
48.2
61.6
1996
...........................
9,694
7,993
2,206
4,411
6,123
3,619
28.4
(
0.8)
27.6
26.1
39.5
(
1.3)
46.4
58.2
Hispanic
origin
2
1975
...........................
2,991
2,755
627
1,619
1,053
694
26.9
(
1.4)
26.3
25.1
33.1
(
1.7)
57.2
68.4
1980
...........................
3,491
3,143
751
1,718
1,319
809
25.7
(
1.3)
25.1
23.2
33.0
(
1.6)
54.5
65.0
1985
...........................
5,236
4,605
1,074
2,512
1,983
1,247
29.0
(
1.0)
28.3
25.5
39.6
(
1.6)
55.7
72.4
1990
...........................
6,006
5,091
1,244
2,750
2,115
1,314
28.1
(
1.0)
26.9
25.0
37.7
(
1.5)
53.0
68.4
1991
...........................
6,339
5,541
1,372
2,977
2,282
1,398
28.7
(
0.9)
28.2
26.5
39.8
(
1.5)
52.7
68.6
1992
...........................
7,592
6,455
1,395
2,946
2,474
1,289
29.6
(
0.9)
28.4
26.2
38.8
(
1.5)
51.5
65.7
1993
...........................
8,126
6,876
1,625
3,666
2,837
1,673
30.6
(
0.9)
29.3
27.3
39.9
(
1.4)
53.2
66.1
1994
...........................
8,416
7,357
1,724
3,956
2,920
1,804
30.7
(
0.9)
30.2
27.8
41.1
(
1.4)
54.8
68.3
1995
...........................
8,574
7,341
1,695
3,938
3,053
1,872
30.3
(
0.9)
29.2
27.0
39.3
(
1.4)
52.8
65.7
1996
...........................
8,697
7,515
1,748
4,090
3,020
1,779
29.4
(
0.9)
28.5
26.4
39.9
(
1.4)
53.5
67.4
Asian
and
Pacific
Islander
2
1990
...........................
858
712
 
356
132
 
12.2
(
1.2)
11.3
 
17.0
(
2.2)
20.7
 
1991
...........................
996
773
 
348
177
 
13.8
(
1.3)
12.1
 
17.1
(
2.3)
24.6
 
1992
...........................
985
787
 
352
183
 
12.7
(
1.2)
11.4
 
16.0
(
2.1)
25.0
 
1993
...........................
1,134
898
 
358
126
 
15.3
(
1.3)
13.6
 
17.6
(
2.3)
17.4
 
1994
...........................
974
776
 
308
137
 
14.6
(
1.3)
13.1
 
17.9
(
2.5)
23.6
 
1995
...........................
1,411
1,112
 
532
266
 
14.6
(
1.2)
13.0
 
18.6
(
2.1)
28.9
 
1996
...........................
1,454
1,172
 
553
300
 
14.5
(
1.1)
13.2
 
19.1
(
2.1)
29.5
 
1
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

2
Persons
of
Hispanic
origin
may
be
of
any
race.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
60
 
198,
``
Poverty
in
the
United
States''
and
``
Income,
Poverty,
and
Valuation
of
Noncash
Benefits,''
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
29
ALL
LEVELS:
OPINIONS
ON
EDUCATION
Table
22.
 
Average
grade
that
the
public
would
give
the
schools
in
their
community
and
in
the
nation
at
large:
1974
to
1998
Year
All
adults
No
children
in
school
Public
school
parents
Private
school
parents
Nation
Local
community
Local
neighborhood
Nation
Local
community
Local
neighborhood
Nation
Local
community
Local
neighborhood
Nation
Local
community
Local
neighborhood
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1974
...............................................
 
2.63
 
 
2.57
 
 
2.80
 
 
2.15
 
1975
...............................................
 
2.38
 
 
2.31
 
 
2.49
 
 
1.81
 
1976
...............................................
 
2.38
 
 
2.34
 
 
2.48
 
 
2.22
 
1977
...............................................
 
2.33
 
 
2.25
 
 
2.59
 
 
2.05
 
1978
...............................................
 
2.21
 
 
2.11
 
 
2.47
 
 
1.69
 
1979
...............................................
 
2.21
 
 
2.15
 
 
2.38
 
 
1.88
 
1980
...............................................
 
2.26
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1981
...............................................
1.94
2.20
 
 
2.12
 
 
2.36
 
 
1.88
 
1982
...............................................
2.01
2.24
 
2.04
2.18
 
2.01
2.35
 
2.02
2.20
 
1983
...............................................
1.91
2.12
 
1.92
2.10
 
1.92
2.31
 
1.82
1.89
 
1984
...............................................
2.09
2.36
 
2.11
2.30
 
2.11
2.49
 
2.04
2.17
 
1985
...............................................
2.14
2.39
 
2.16
2.36
 
2.20
2.44
 
1.93
2.00
 
1986
...............................................
2.13
2.36
 
 
2.29
 
 
2.55
 
 
2.14
 
1987
...............................................
2.18
2.44
 
2.20
2.38
 
2.22
2.61
 
2.03
2.01
 
1988
...............................................
2.08
2.35
 
2.02
2.32
 
2.13
2.48
 
2.00
2.13
 
1989
...............................................
2.01
2.35
 
1.99
2.27
 
2.06
2.56
 
1.93
2.12
 
1990
...............................................
1.99
2.29
 
1.98
2.27
 
2.03
2.44
 
1.85
2.09
 
1991
...............................................
2.00
2.36
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1992
...............................................
1.93
2.30
 
1.92
 
 
1.94
2.73
 
1.85
 
 
1993
...............................................
1.95
2.41
 
1.97
2.40
 
1.97
2.48
 
1.80
2.11
 
1994
...............................................
1.95
2.26
2.43
1.95
2.16
2.34
1.90
2.55
2.64
1.86
1.90
2.23
1995
...............................................
1.97
2.28
2.47
1.98
2.25
2.43
1.93
2.41
2.56
1.81
1.85
2.09
1996
...............................................
1.93
2.30
 
1.91
2.22
 
2.00
2.56
 
1.80
1.86
 
1997
...............................................
1.97
2.35
 
1.99
2.27
 
2.01
2.56
 
1.99
1.87
 
1998
...............................................
1.93
2.41
 
1.91
2.36
 
1.96
2.51
 
1.81
2.20
 
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Average
based
on
a
scale
where
A=
4,
B=
3,
C=
2,
D=
1,
and
F=
0.
SOURCE:
``
The
Annual
Gallup
Poll
of
the
Public's
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools,''
Phi
Delta
Kappan,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
23.
 
Items
most
frequently
cited
by
the
general
public
as
a
major
problem
facing
the
local
public
schools:
1970
to
1998
Problems
Percent
1970
1975
1980
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Lack
of
discipline
.................
18
23
26
27
25
24
22
19
19
19
20
17
15
18
15
15
15
14
Lack
of
financial
support
......
17
14
10
14
9
11
14
12
13
13
18
22
21
13
11
13
15
12
Fighting/
violence/
gangs
.......
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9
13
18
9
14
12
15
Use
of
drugs
........................
11
9
14
18
18
28
30
32
34
38
22
22
16
11
7
16
14
10
Standards/
quality
of
education
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8
4
 
8
6
Large
schools/
overcrowding
...................
 
10
7
4
5
5
8
6
8
7
9
9
8
7
3
8
8
8
Lack
of
respect
....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
3
2
 
 
Lack
of
family
structure/
problems
of
home
life
.....
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
3
4
 
 
Crime/
vandalism
..................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
2
3
 
 
Getting
good
teachers
.........
12
11
6
14
10
6
9
11
7
7
11
5
5
3
2
3
3
5
Parents'
lack
of
interest
.......
3
2
6
5
3
4
6
7
6
4
7
5
4
3
2
 
 
 
Poor
curriculum/
standards
...
6
5
11
15
11
8
8
11
8
8
10
9
9
3
2
3
 
 
Pupils'
lack
of
interest/
truancy
............................
 
3
5
4
5
3
6
5
3
6
5
3
4
3
2
5
6
5
Integration/
segregation/
racial
discrimination
........
17
15
10
6
4
3
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
3
2
2
 
 
Management
of
funds/
programs
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(
1)
2
 
 
 
Moral
standards
...................
 
 
 
1
2
5
7
6
3
3
3
4
3
 
 
 
 
 
Low
teacher
pay
..................
 
 
 
4
2
3
5
4
4
6
4
3
3
 
 
 
 
 
Teachers'
lack
of
interest
....
 
 
6
5
4
4
5
3
4
4
2
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
Drinking/
alcoholism
..............
 
 
2
4
3
5
6
5
4
4
2
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lack
of
proper
facilities
........
11
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
``
The
Annual
Gallup
Poll
of
the
Public's
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools,''
Phi
Delta
Kappan,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
30
ALL
LEVELS:
OPINIONS
ON
EDUCATION
Table
24.
 
Public
opinion
of
public
and
private
school
choice:
1989
to
1998
Question
Percent
who
favor
position
1989
1990
1991
1993
1995
1996
1997
1998
Total
No
children
in
school
Public
school
parents
Nonpublic
school
parents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Do
you
favor
or
oppose
allowing
students
and
their
parents
to
choose
which
public
schools
in
the
community
the
students
attend
regardless
of
where
they
live?
..................................................................
60
62
62
65
69
 
 
 
 
 
 
Do
you
favor
or
oppose
allowing
students
and
parents
to
choose
a
private
school
to
attend
at
public
expense?
..........................................
 
 
26
24
33
36
44
44
 
 
 
Do
you
think
private
schools
that
accept
government
tuition
payments
for
these
students
should
be
accountable
to
public
authorities
or
not?
Yes,
should
be
accountable
..................................................................
 
 
 
63
73
 
 
75
74
80
62
No,
should
not
be
accountable
.............................................................
 
 
 
34
24
 
 
20
22
16
26
Don't
know
.............................................................................................
 
 
 
3
3
 
 
5
4
4
12
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Phi
Delta
Kappan,
``
The
Annual
Gallup
Poll
of
the
Public's
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools,''
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
25.
 
Percent
of
elementary
and
secondary
school
children
whose
parents
are
involved
in
school
activities
and
distribution
of
children
by
average
grades,
by
selected
child,
parent,
and
school
characteristics:
1996
Characteristics
of
children,
parents,
and
schools
Percent
of
children
whose
parents
1
report
that
they
 
Distribution
of
children,
by
parental
reports
of
number
of
times
spent
helping
with
homework
per
week
2
Distribution
of
children,
by
parental
reports
of
average
grades
in
all
subjects
2,3
Attended
a
general
school
meeting
Attended
parentteacher
conference
Attended
a
class
event
Volunteered
at
school
Less
than
once
per
week
1
or
2
times
per
week
3
or
4
times
per
week
5
or
more
times
per
week
Mostly
A's
Mostly
B's
Mostly
C's
Mostly
D's
or
F's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
..............................................
76.4
70.6
66.1
39.6
26.7
35.1
25.8
12.3
39.5
37.7
18.5
4.2
Sex
of
child
Male
..........................................
75.6
71.9
64.5
38.7
27.4
33.5
26.2
12.9
32.5
38.3
23.5
5.7
Female
......................................
77.3
69.3
67.8
40.6
25.9
36.9
25.4
11.8
46.9
37.2
13.2
2.7
Race/
ethnicity
of
child
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................
78.5
71.2
70.9
44.5
28.2
37.0
24.8
10.1
43.7
36.1
16.5
3.7
Black,
non­
Hispanic
..................
71.9
68.0
56.0
29.5
21.9
30.0
28.6
19.5
27.0
41.0
26.2
5.8
Hispanic
....................................
72.7
70.7
54.8
27.7
25.4
31.1
27.9
15.6
31.9
43.6
19.6
4.9
Other,
non­
Hispanic
.................
72.6
71.4
63.4
36.2
24.3
37.5
26.1
12.0
44.7
33.7
17.1
4.5
Highest
education
level
of
parents
Less
than
high
school
..............
57.6
62.5
42.4
18.3
28.7
30.0
24.5
16.7
29.0
39.0
23.9
8.1
High
school
graduate
...............
71.1
68.2
59.5
31.1
26.4
34.2
25.7
13.6
30.5
40.5
23.1
5.9
Some
postsecondary
................
77.4
71.1
68.4
40.2
26.4
35.8
26.1
11.6
36.9
40.1
19.1
3.9
College
graduate
......................
86.1
75.1
75.5
52.2
25.4
38.8
25.3
10.5
52.5
32.9
12.7
1.9
Graduate/
professional
..............
87.6
75.1
81.0
56.8
27.9
35.1
26.8
10.2
58.2
30.9
9.8
1.1
Family
Income
Less
than
$
5,000
......................
67.0
68.3
49.8
27.0
23.7
28.3
27.7
20.4
28.9
38.8
23.3
8.9
$
5,001
to
$
10,000
....................
63.8
67.4
49.6
24.4
26.7
32.1
27.6
13.7
26.6
41.9
24.6
6.9
$
10,001
to
15,000
....................
67.4
66.9
60.3
29.9
26.8
36.0
22.7
14.6
28.0
39.8
26.0
6.2
$
15,001
to
20,000
....................
69.1
67.4
55.8
26.8
27.7
33.3
23.4
15.6
32.7
38.4
21.6
7.3
$
20,001
to
25,000
....................
69.0
68.7
58.5
29.2
25.9
34.9
26.5
12.7
34.4
40.8
20.6
4.2
$
25,001
to
30,000
....................
72.0
69.2
61.7
33.0
28.1
34.8
27.3
9.8
33.0
42.0
19.8
5.2
$
30,001
to
35,000
....................
79.0
69.1
68.8
41.6
27.9
35.6
24.8
11.6
40.0
38.0
18.1
3.9
$
35,001
to
40,000
....................
78.9
72.8
69.6
41.7
24.9
37.3
27.0
10.7
40.4
37.3
19.4
2.8
$
40,001
to
50,000
....................
80.7
73.9
72.8
45.3
27.1
35.3
25.3
12.4
43.2
36.0
16.8
4.0
$
50,001
to
75,000
....................
83.9
72.2
75.0
49.1
25.9
37.0
26.3
10.8
50.2
32.7
14.9
2.2
Over
$
75,000
............................
88.2
73.8
79.1
57.3
28.3
36.6
25.1
9.9
51.0
36.8
10.9
1.3
Child
attending
public
schools
4
................................
75.3
70.6
64.8
35.4
26.6
35.9
25.4
12.1
38.2
37.9
19.3
4.6
Elementary
(
kindergarten
to
grade
8)
4
..........................
80.2
79.8
67.8
39.4
15.5
35.1
33.2
16.2
43.2
36.6
16.3
3.9
Secondary
(
grades
9
to
12)
4
...
63.2
47.7
57.5
25.5
52.0
37.7
7.7
2.5
29.6
40.2
24.5
5.7
Child
attending
private
schools
4
................................
90.2
82.3
82.8
66.4
27.2
28.7
29.2
14.9
50.8
36.1
11.8
1.3
Elementary
(
kindergarten
to
grade
8)
4
..........................
92.2
87.8
86.1
70.8
14.5
28.5
37.0
19.9
55.7
35.3
7.5
1.4
Secondary
(
grades
9
to
12)
4
...
85.0
67.4
73.7
54.4
57.4
29.0
10.8
2.8
40.9
37.7
20.4
1.0
1
The
respondent
was
the
parent
most
knowledgeable
about
the
child's
education.
The
responding
parent
reported
on
their
own
and
their
spouse's
or
other
household
adults'
activities.
Except
where
noted,
includes
children
enrolled
in
nursery
school
through
grade
12.

2
Includes
children
enrolled
in
grades
1
through
12.

3
Excludes
children
whose
programs
have
no
classes
with
lettered
grades.

4
Excludes
home­
schooled
children.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey,
1996,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
31
ALL
LEVELS:
OPINIONS
ON
EDUCATION
Table
26.
 
Percent
of
elementary
school
children
whose
parents
are
involved
in
education­
related
activities,
by
selected
child,
parent,
and
school
characteristics:
1996
Characteristics
of
children,
parents,
and
schools
Percent
of
children
1
whose
parents
report
that
they
did
the
following
things
in
the
past
month
 
Percent
of
children
2
whose
families
have
rules
about
 
Percent
of
children
whose
parents
involved
them
in
the
following
activities
during
the
past
week
1
Visited
a
library
Went
to
a
play,
concert,
or
other
live
show
Visited
an
art
gallery
museum
or
historical
site
Visited
a
zoo
or
aquarium
Talked
about
family
history
or
ethnic
heritage
Attended
an
event
sponsored
by
a
community
religious
or
ethnic
group
Time
for
bed
on
school
nights
Amount
of
time
child
is
allowed
to
watch
television
Television
programs
child
is
allowed
to
watch
Told
a
story
Worked
on
art
or
crafts
Played
a
game
or
sport
together
Built
or
made
project
or
fixed
something
3
Worked
on
household
chores
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
...........................................
48.7
32.5
21.2
15.7
56.4
53.3
97.2
80.0
92.0
70.4
67.0
91.3
65.0
96.5
Sex
of
child
Male
.......................................
48.5
30.3
20.6
15.3
55.8
52.6
97.8
80.3
92.0
69.8
64.2
91.9
66.6
96.1
Female
...................................
49.0
34.7
21.8
16.0
57.0
53.9
96.6
79.8
92.1
71.0
70.0
90.7
63.3
97.0
Race/
ethnicity
of
child
White,
non­
Hispanic
..............
51.7
32.2
21.0
13.3
52.1
54.9
97.7
77.3
93.4
71.1
68.5
92.4
68.1
97.4
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............
43.9
38.1
22.2
21.6
69.5
54.6
97.3
88.5
90.8
66.9
63.5
92.5
59.6
97.0
Hispanic
.................................
38.9
26.6
19.6
19.3
58.4
44.3
95.1
83.5
88.0
70.0
63.3
84.7
56.9
91.8
Other,
non­
Hispanic
..............
52.3
33.2
24.3
18.3
64.8
49.6
95.5
78.6
89.0
73.8
68.5
90.8
61.9
94.9
Highest
education
level
of
parents
Less
than
high
school
...........
30.1
25.6
16.7
18.9
53.5
37.8
95.2
80.1
85.8
66.1
59.7
81.9
56.9
91.3
High
school
graduate
............
40.0
27.9
15.0
14.4
50.9
44.7
97.0
80.1
91.7
66.8
65.7
92.0
63.2
97.2
Some
postsecondary
.............
49.7
33.3
20.4
15.4
57.1
54.9
97.8
80.8
93.5
71.8
67.5
91.6
65.9
97.4
College
graduate
...................
60.1
35.8
27.3
16.3
59.5
63.6
97.7
77.7
93.3
72.7
71.1
93.9
69.1
96.7
Graduate/
professional
...........
65.3
41.6
32.5
16.3
65.4
67.2
97.2
81.0
92.6
75.4
69.0
92.5
68.2
96.3
Family
Income
Less
than
$
5,000
...................
40.4
38.1
19.8
19.2
57.4
43.1
97.7
85.5
90.9
70.3
64.1
89.0
62.9
94.9
$
5,001
to
$
10,000
.................
37.2
27.3
16.1
17.0
58.2
41.9
93.6
81.0
88.7
67.1
67.3
89.3
60.4
95.9
$
10,001
to
15,000
.................
37.3
29.6
16.8
15.6
57.5
48.0
95.8
78.1
88.7
65.3
60.9
86.6
53.6
95.2
$
15,001
to
20,000
.................
41.1
25.7
13.9
16.8
55.7
47.0
98.0
79.2
89.8
66.7
60.5
88.5
64.8
97.1
$
20,001
to
25,000
.................
42.3
30.8
20.9
14.9
58.2
48.4
97.3
82.1
93.3
73.1
64.5
91.8
62.1
95.6
$
25,001
to
30,000
.................
43.3
27.1
17.7
16.0
54.6
50.4
97.1
80.3
90.5
69.3
67.1
91.7
65.1
95.2
$
30,001
to
35,000
.................
50.5
30.0
21.3
15.9
54.4
56.9
98.1
78.6
91.4
72.0
69.3
92.4
68.1
97.7
$
35,001
to
40,000
.................
56.4
32.6
17.3
13.2
53.5
55.8
97.8
81.3
95.0
71.8
69.3
92.4
70.0
96.8
$
40,001
to
50,000
.................
55.1
32.7
21.1
13.2
54.1
58.3
98.6
80.1
93.9
69.2
69.6
93.5
66.6
97.7
$
50,001
to
75,000
.................
55.5
33.3
25.1
13.4
54.9
59.7
97.8
78.9
94.4
71.7
68.5
92.0
67.3
97.5
Over
$
75,000
.........................
59.6
42.6
31.4
19.0
60.5
62.2
97.3
77.7
92.2
73.9
70.0
93.8
68.8
96.6
Child
attending
public
schools
4
................................
48.3
31.7
19.9
14.7
57.1
51.9
97.3
79.9
91.5
66.7
64.4
90.5
63.9
97.3
Child
attending
private
schools
4
................................
58.2
37.2
27.8
16.9
61.3
66.9
96.3
79.6
95.5
74.2
67.2
91.7
70.9
96.5
1
Includes
children
enrolled
in
nursery
school
through
grade
5.
2
Includes
children
enrolled
in
kindergarten
through
grade
5.
3
Includes
children
enrolled
in
1st
through
5th
grade.
4
Excludes
nursery
school
and
home­
schooled
children.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey,
1996,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)

Table
27.
 
Teachers'
perceptions
about
serious
problems
in
their
schools,
by
type
and
control
of
school:
1990
 
91
and
1993
 
94
Problem
area
Percent
of
teachers
indicating
item
is
a
serious
problem
Public
school
teachers
Private
school
teachers
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
Total
Total
Elementary
schools
Secondary
schools
Combined
schools
Total
Total
Elementary
schools
Secondary
schools
Combined
schools
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Student
tardiness
..........................
11.2
10.5
6.3
18.3
7.8
3.4
2.6
1.8
4.3
2.6
Student
absenteeism
....................
14.1
14.4
7.2
27.1
15.0
2.6
2.2
0.8
5.2
2.7
Teacher
absenteeism
...................
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.9
2.0
0.7
0.8
0.7
1.2
0.9
Students
cutting
class
...................
4.6
5.1
1.3
11.9
4.6
0.7
0.7
0.2
2.4
0.7
Physical
conflicts
among
students
6.5
8.2
7.8
8.6
8.1
1.1
1.5
0.9
2.1
2.1
Robbery
or
theft
............................
3.4
4.1
3.0
5.8
3.6
0.8
0.8
0.4
1.4
1.1
Vandalism
of
school
property
.......
5.4
6.7
5.2
9.0
5.9
0.9
1.2
0.9
2.0
1.2
Student
pregnancy
........................
6.4
7.3
1.1
18.4
10.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
1.1
0.4
Student
use
of
alcohol
..................
8.2
9.3
1.6
23.1
14.2
2.4
3.1
0.3
11.0
2.7
Student
drug
abuse
......................
4.2
5.7
1.0
14.2
7.1
0.5
1.3
0.2
4.0
1.4
Student
possession
of
weapons
...
1.2
2.8
1.2
5.6
2.7
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.3
Verbal
abuse
of
teachers
.............
7.5
11.1
8.6
14.8
14.3
1.7
2.3
0.7
2.8
4.4
Student
disrespect
for
teachers
....
13.0
18.5
15.3
23.6
20.3
2.9
3.4
2.2
4.2
4.7
Students
dropping
out
..................
6.3
5.8
1.2
14.1
7.7
0.2
0.6
0.3
1.3
0.7
Student
apathy
..............................
20.6
23.6
15.6
38.0
28.9
4.1
4.5
2.2
9.7
5.1
Lack
of
academic
challenge
.........
5.7
6.5
4.2
10.4
9.9
1.3
1.5
1.0
2.5
1.6
Lack
of
parental
involvement
........
25.4
27.6
23.0
34.5
35.5
4.3
4.0
2.8
7.1
4.7
Parental
alcoholism/
drug
abuse
...
12.0
13.1
12.9
12.3
18.7
2.2
2.6
1.6
4.2
3.4
Poverty
..........................................
17.1
19.5
20.8
15.9
26.8
2.0
2.7
2.2
3.2
3.0
Racial
tension
...............................
3.8
5.1
4.0
6.7
5.5
0.7
0.9
0.6
1.7
0.8
Students
come
unprepared
to
learn
..........................................
 
28.8
24.3
36.0
30.9
 
4.1
2.6
7.6
4.6
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,''
1990
 
91
and
1993
 
94.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
32
ALL
LEVELS:
OPINIONS
ON
EDUCATION
Table
28.
 
Teachers'
perceptions
about
teaching
and
school
conditions,
by
type
and
control
of
school:
1993
 
94
Statement
Percent
of
teachers
somewhat
agreeing
or
strongly
agreeing
with
statement
Public
school
teachers
Private
school
teachers
Total
Elementary
schools
Secondary
schools
Combined
schools
Total
Elementary
schools
Secondary
schools
Combined
schools
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The
school
administration's
behavior
toward
the
staff
is
supportive
...
79.2
80.7
76.8
77.0
88.2
89.4
83.3
88.7
My
principal
enforces
school
rules
for
student
conduct
and
backs
me
up
when
I
need
it
..............................................................................
80.8
82.0
78.6
81.4
88.4
89.3
84.4
88.5
The
principal
lets
staff
members
know
what
is
expected
of
them
.......
85.6
86.9
83.5
82.1
88.2
89.1
86.6
88.2
Principal
talks
to
me
frequently
about
my
instructional
practices
........
44.3
49.0
35.6
45.7
54.0
58.3
41.2
53.7
Goals
and
priorities
for
the
school
are
clear
........................................
82.8
85.4
78.1
79.3
90.2
90.9
88.3
90.2
Teachers
in
this
school
are
evaluated
fairly
........................................
87.9
88.6
86.6
85.3
89.8
90.4
87.3
90.3
In
this
school,
staff
members
are
recognized
for
a
job
well
done
.......
67.9
71.7
61.7
62.6
81.1
82.4
74.7
82.1
Principal
knows
what
kind
of
school
he/
she
wants
and
has
communicated
it
to
the
staff
.............................................................
80.5
82.8
76.7
77.1
88.6
89.1
85.5
89.9
Principal
does
a
poor
job
in
getting
resources
for
this
school
.............
16.1
15.1
18.1
19.6
10.5
10.6
12.9
8.7
Most
of
my
colleagues
share
my
beliefs
and
values
about
what
the
central
mission
of
the
school
should
be
...........................................
84.2
87.3
79.1
81.4
93.2
95.0
88.4
93.7
Teachers
participate
in
making
most
of
the
important
education
decisions
in
this
school
.....................................................................
58.3
62.8
50.3
58.4
74.0
75.1
66.1
75.3
There
is
a
great
deal
of
cooperative
effort
among
staff
.......................
77.5
80.9
71.8
76.3
90.5
90.3
86.2
93.0
I
receive
a
great
deal
of
support
from
parents
for
the
work
I
do
.........
52.5
58.4
43.2
47.4
84.6
87.3
77.7
83.1
I
make
a
conscious
effort
to
coordinate
the
content
of
my
courses
with
that
of
other
teachers
................................................................
85.0
88.0
79.8
82.9
85.2
86.6
78.5
86.1
Routine
duties
and
paperwork
interfere
with
my
job
of
teaching
.........
70.8
70.9
71.4
65.7
40.1
40.5
45.2
36.2
I
have
to
follow
rules
in
this
school
that
conflict
with
my
best
professional
judgement
.....................................................................
24.2
22.0
27.4
26.4
15.0
15.1
19.1
13.0
Level
of
student
misbehavior
in
this
school
interferes
with
my
teaching
.............................................................................................
44.1
42.9
45.5
43.9
22.4
22.7
20.2
25.1
Amount
of
student
tardiness
and
class
cutting
in
this
school
interferes
with
my
teaching
...............................................................
27.9
18.4
45.3
24.6
8.6
6.4
13.4
9.2
Rules
for
student
behavior
are
consistently
enforced
by
teachers
in
this
school,
even
for
students
who
are
not
in
their
classes
.............
61.8
70.9
45.8
59.5
77.6
83.1
63.6
77.0
I
am
satisfied
with
my
class
sizes
........................................................
64.9
62.9
68.2
78.1
84.4
82.2
84.0
89.3
I
am
satisfied
with
my
teaching
salary
.................................................
44.9
44.1
47.2
43.1
41.6
35.5
43.6
49.5
I
sometimes
feel
it
is
a
waste
of
time
to
try
to
do
my
best
as
a
teacher
..............................................................................................
26.8
23.4
32.6
30.8
13.4
12.1
16.5
13.7
I
plan
with
the
librarian/
media
specialist
for
the
integration
of
services
into
my
teaching
.................................................................
66.9
67.8
65.8
64.5
60.6
58.6
65.4
61.2
Library/
media
materials
are
adequate
to
support
my
instructional
objectives
..........................................................................................
65.6
64.9
67.7
59.9
61.0
56.4
67.2
63.4
Necessary
materials
are
available
as
needed
by
staff
........................
73.1
73.7
73.0
72.3
85.7
84.5
85.3
87.3
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
33
ALL
LEVELS:
OPINIONS
ON
EDUCATION
Table
29.
 
Public's
level
of
confidence
in
various
institutions:
1996
and
1998
Institution
Percent
of
respondents
by
levels
of
confidence
Percent
of
respondents
by
levels
of
confidence
1996
1998
A
great
deal
Quite
a
lot
Some
Very
little
No
opinion
A
great
deal
Quite
a
lot
Some
Very
little
No
opinion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Private
higher
education
...........................................................
18.3
38.7
28.3
7.5
7.1
 
 
 
 
 
Small
businesses
......................................................................
15.3
40.8
32.6
7.6
3.6
25.0
31.0
34.0
9.0
1.0
Religious
organizations
.............................................................
23.6
31.1
31.3
12.3
1.7
34.0
25.0
26.0
12.0
2.0
The
military
...............................................................................
16.9
37.0
31.0
12.1
3.1
33.0
31.0
25.0
8.0
2.0
Public
higher
education
............................................................
15.0
36.4
34.2
11.6
2.8
 
 
 
 
 
Private
elementary
or
secondary
education
.............................
15.1
35.3
33.4
9.7
6.5
 
 
 
 
 
Youth
development
and
recreation
..........................................
14.8
35.2
32.7
11.6
5.7
 
 
 
 
 
Public
elementary
or
secondary
education
..............................
13.3
31.7
37.2
15.3
2.4
16.0
21.0
40.0
20.0
1.0
Health
organizations
.................................................................
10.8
28.2
42.0
15.9
3.1
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
charitable
appeals,
e.
g.,
United
Way
......................
12.6
26.3
34.9
21.6
4.5
 
 
 
 
 
Human
services
organizations
.................................................
9.1
28.1
42.6
15.1
5.0
 
 
 
 
 
Arts,
culture,
and
humanities
organizations
.............................
9.3
26.7
39.8
14.3
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
Recreation
for
adults
................................................................
7.8
27.5
41.9
13.4
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental
organizations
....................................................
9.4
23.1
41.0
20.3
6.2
 
 
 
 
 
Private
and
community
foundations
.........................................
7.6
24.0
42.3
13.5
12.6
 
 
 
 
 
Local
government
.....................................................................
5.4
25.9
43.3
23.1
2.3
 
 
 
 
 
Public/
society
benefit,
e.
g.,
civil
rights,
social
justice,
community
improvement
organizations
................................
7.5
22.7
43.4
20.8
5.6
 
 
 
 
 
Media,
e.
g.,
newspapers,
TV,
radio
.........................................
6.3
22.7
39.5
29.7
1.8
 
 
 
 
 
Television
news
........................................................................
 
 
 
 
 
15.0
19.0
40.0
24.0
1.0
Work­
related
organizations
.......................................................
6.1
21.5
47.2
17.4
7.9
 
 
 
 
 
State
government
.....................................................................
4.1
22.2
44.9
26.4
2.5
 
 
 
 
 
International/
foreign,
e.
g.,
culture
exchange,
relief
organizations
.......................................................................................
6.3
19.1
37.5
24.2
12.8
 
 
 
 
 
Organized
labor
........................................................................
6.6
17.7
40.9
29.3
5.6
11.0
15.0
45.0
22.0
5.0
Major
corporations
....................................................................
4.9
18.7
44.2
27.4
4.8
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
government
..................................................................
5.2
17.5
43.9
31.1
2.2
 
 
 
 
 
Organizations
that
advocate
a
particular
cause
.......................
4.0
15.7
42.7
29.5
8.1
 
 
 
 
 
Congress
...................................................................................
3.4
12.4
41.7
39.0
3.5
10.0
18.0
48.0
20.0
2.0
Political
organizations,
e.
g.,
Republican
or
Democratic
parties
3.8
10.8
39.2
42.6
3.7
 
 
 
 
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Institutions
are
listed
in
rank
order
as
determined
by
the
combined
responses
of
``
a
great
deal''
and
``
quite
a
lot''
of
confidence
for
1996.
SOURCE:
Independent
Sector,
The
Gallup
Organization,
Giving
and
Volunteering
in
the
United
States,
1996
and
1998.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
30.
 
Percentage
of
households
contributing
to
education
and
other
charitable
organizations
and
average
annual
donation,
by
type
of
charity:
1989,
1991,
1993,
and
1995
Type
of
charity
1989
1991
1993
1995
Percentage
of
total
households
1
Average
annual
contribution
Percentage
of
total
households
1
Average
annual
contribution
Percentage
of
total
households
1
Average
annual
contribution
Percentage
of
total
households
1
Average
annual
contribution
Per
contributing
household
Per
total
household
Per
contributing
household
Per
total
household
Per
contributing
household
Per
total
household
Per
contributing
household
Per
total
household
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10111213
Total
................................................................
75.1
$
978
$
734
72.2
$
899
$
649
73.4
$
880
$
646
68.5
$
1,017
$
696
Religious
.............................................................
53.2
896
477
51.3
800
410
49.2
817
402
48.0
868
417
Health
..................................................................
32.4
143
46
32.9
154
51
25.7
139
36
27.3
214
58
Human
services
..................................................
23.0
263
60
27.5
260
71
26.7
208
56
25.1
271
68
Youth
development
.............................................
21.6
129
28
22.1
114
25
17.9
106
19
20.9
137
29
Education
............................................................
19.1
291
56
21.1
225
47
17.5
424
74
20.3
318
65
Environment
........................................................
13.4
88
12
16.3
99
16
11.6
89
10
11.5
106
12
Arts,
culture,
and
humanities
..............................
9.6
193
19
9.4
194
18
8.1
139
11
9.4
216
20
Public
and
societal
benefit
..................................
11.2
120
13
11.2
132
15
11.2
160
18
10.3
122
13
Private
and
community
foundations
...................
6.4
116
7
6.0
113
7
5.3
144
8
6.1
181
11
Recreation,
adults
...............................................
6.2
135
8
6.3
164
10
4.6
193
9
7.0
161
11
International,
foreign
...........................................
4.2
202
8
3.5
198
7
2.8
(
2)
(
2)
6.1
283
17
Other
...................................................................
3.0
195
6
2.8
233
7
4.7
81
4
2.1
160
3
1
Percents
do
not
add
to
total
because
of
respondents
giving
to
more
than
one
type
of
charity.
2
Sample
size
too
small
for
reliable
data.

NOTE.
 
Details
for
total
households
do
not
add
to
total
because
details
only
include
households
which
reported
a
donation
amount
for
the
particular
type
of
charity.
The
percentage
of
total
includes
households
who
reported
giving
donations,
but
did
not
specify
amount.

SOURCE:
Independent
Sector,
The
Gallup
Organization,
Giving
and
Volunteering
in
the
United
States,
1989,
1991,
1993,
and
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
34
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
31.
 
Total
expenditures
of
educational
institutions
related
to
the
gross
domestic
product,
by
level
of
institution:
1959
 
60
to
1997
 
98
Year
Gross
domestic
product
(
in
billions)
School
year
Total
expenditures
for
education
(
amounts
in
millions
of
current
dollars)

All
educational
institutions
All
elementary
and
secondary
schools
All
colleges
and
universities
Amount
As
a
percent
of
gross
domestic
product
Amount
As
a
percent
of
gross
domestic
product
Amount
As
a
percent
of
gross
domestic
product
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1959
................................
$
507.2
1959
 
60
$
23,860
4.7
$
16,713
3.3
$
7,147
1.4
1961
................................
544.8
1961
 
62
28,503
5.2
19,673
3.6
8,830
1.6
1963
................................
617.4
1963
 
64
34,440
5.6
22,825
3.7
11,615
1.9
1965
................................
719.1
1965
 
66
43,682
6.1
28,048
3.9
15,634
2.2
1967
................................
833.6
1967
 
68
55,652
6.7
35,077
4.2
20,575
2.5
1969
................................
982.2
1969
 
70
68,459
7.0
43,183
4.4
25,276
2.6
1970
................................
1,035.6
1970
 
71
75,741
7.3
48,200
4.7
27,541
2.7
1971
................................
1,125.4
1971
 
72
80,672
7.2
50,950
4.5
29,722
2.6
1972
................................
1,237.3
1972
 
73
86,875
7.0
54,952
4.4
31,923
2.6
1973
................................
1,382.6
1973
 
74
95,396
6.9
60,370
4.4
35,026
2.5
1974
................................
1,496.9
1974
 
75
108,664
7.3
68,846
4.6
39,818
2.7
1975
................................
1,630.6
1975
 
76
118,706
7.3
75,101
4.6
43,605
2.7
1976
................................
1,819.0
1976
 
77
126,417
6.9
79,194
4.4
47,223
2.6
1977
................................
2,026.9
1977
 
78
137,042
6.8
86,544
4.3
50,498
2.5
1978
................................
2,291.4
1978
 
79
148,308
6.5
93,012
4.1
55,296
2.4
1979
................................
2,557.5
1979
 
80
165,627
6.5
103,162
4.0
62,465
2.4
1980
................................
2,784.2
1980
 
81
182,849
6.6
112,325
4.0
70,524
2.5
1981
................................
3,115.9
1981
 
82
197,801
6.3
120,486
3.9
77,315
2.5
1982
................................
3,242.1
1982
 
83
212,081
6.5
128,725
4.0
83,356
2.6
1983
................................
3,514.5
1983
 
84
228,597
6.5
139,000
4.0
89,597
2.5
1984
................................
3,902.4
1984
 
85
247,657
6.3
149,400
3.8
98,257
2.5
1985
................................
4,180.7
1985
 
86
269,485
6.4
161,800
3.9
107,685
2.6
1986
................................
4,422.2
1986
 
87
291,974
6.6
175,200
4.0
116,774
2.6
1987
................................
4,692.3
1987
 
88
313,375
6.7
187,999
4.0
125,376
2.7
1988
................................
5,049.6
1988
 
89
346,883
6.9
209,377
4.1
137,506
2.7
1989
................................
5,438.7
1989
 
90
381,525
7.0
230,970
4.2
150,555
2.8
1990
................................
5,743.8
1990
 
91
412,652
7.2
248,930
4.3
163,722
2.9
1991
................................
5,916.7
1991
 
92
432,987
7.3
261,255
4.4
171,732
2.9
1992
................................
6,244.4
1992
 
93
456,070
7.3
274,335
4.4
181,735
2.9
1993
................................
6,558.1
1993
 
94
477,237
7.3
287,507
4.4
189,730
2.9
1994
................................
6,947.0
1994
 
95
503,925
7.3
302,400
4.4
201,525
2.9
1995
................................
7,269.6
1
1995
 
96
529,561
7.3
318,211
4.4
211,350
2.9
1996
................................
7,661.6
2
1996
 
97
559,500
7.3
336,000
4.4
223,500
2.9
1997
................................
8,110.9
2
1997
 
98
583,800
7.2
351,300
4.3
232,500
2.9
1
Preliminary.
2
Estimated.

NOTE.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
include
current
expenditures,
interest
on
school
debt,
and
capital
outlay.
Data
for
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools
are
estimated.
Total
expenditures
for
colleges
and
universities
include
current­
fund
expenditures
and
additions
to
plant
value.
Excludes
expenditures
of
noncollegiate
postsecondary
institutions.
Data
for
1995
 
96
through
1997
 
98
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
Some
data
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS)
``
Finance''
survey,
and
unpublished
data;
Council
of
Economic
Advisers,
Economic
Indicators;
and
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
35
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
32.
 
Total
expenditures
of
educational
institutions,
by
level
and
control
of
institution:
1899
 
1900
to
1997
 
98
[
In
millions
of
current
dollars]

School
year
Total
Elementary
and
secondary
schools
Colleges
and
universities
Total
Public
Private
1
Total
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1899
 
1900
...........................
 
 
$
215
 
 
 
 
1909
 
10
...............................
 
 
426
 
 
 
 
1919
 
20
...............................
 
 
1,036
 
 
 
 
1929
 
30
...............................
 
 
2,317
 
$
632
$
292
$
341
1939
 
40
...............................
 
 
2,344
 
758
392
367
1949
 
50
...............................
$
8,911
$
6,249
5,838
$
411
2,662
1,430
1,233
1951
 
52
...............................
10,735
7,861
7,344
517
2,874
1,565
1,309
1953
 
54
...............................
13,147
9,733
9,092
641
3,414
1,912
1,502
1955
 
56
...............................
15,907
11,727
10,955
772
4,180
2,348
1,832
1957
 
58
...............................
20,055
14,525
13,569
956
5,530
3,237
2,293
1959
 
60
...............................
23,860
16,713
15,613
1,100
7,147
3,904
3,244
1961
 
62
...............................
28,503
19,673
18,373
1,300
8,830
4,919
3,911
1963
 
64
...............................
34,440
22,825
21,325
1,500
11,615
6,558
5,057
1965
 
66
...............................
43,682
28,048
26,248
1,800
15,634
9,047
6,588
1967
 
68
...............................
55,652
35,077
32,977
2,100
20,575
12,750
7,824
1969
 
70
...............................
68,459
43,183
40,683
2,500
25,276
16,234
9,041
1970
 
71
...............................
75,741
48,200
45,500
2,700
27,541
18,028
9,513
1971
 
72
...............................
80,672
50,950
48,050
2,900
29,722
19,538
10,184
1972
 
73
...............................
86,875
54,952
51,852
3,100
31,923
21,144
10,779
1973
 
74
...............................
95,396
60,370
56,970
3,400
35,026
23,542
11,484
1974
 
75
...............................
108,664
68,846
64,846
4,000
39,818
26,966
12,852
1975
 
76
...............................
118,706
75,101
70,601
4,500
43,605
29,736
13,869
1976
 
77
...............................
126,417
79,194
74,194
5,000
47,223
31,997
15,226
1977
 
78
...............................
137,042
86,544
80,844
5,700
50,498
34,031
16,467
1978
 
79
...............................
148,308
93,012
86,712
6,300
55,296
37,110
18,187
1979
 
80
...............................
165,627
103,162
95,962
7,200
62,465
41,434
21,031
1980
 
81
...............................
182,849
112,325
104,125
8,200
70,524
46,559
23,965
1981
 
82
...............................
197,801
120,486
111,186
9,300
77,315
50,813
26,502
1982
 
83
...............................
212,081
128,725
118,425
10,300
83,356
54,338
29,018
1983
 
84
...............................
228,597
139,000
127,500
11,500
89,597
58,124
31,473
1984
 
85
...............................
247,657
149,400
137,000
12,400
98,257
63,705
34,553
1985
 
86
...............................
269,485
161,800
148,600
13,200
107,685
70,069
37,616
1986
 
87
...............................
291,974
175,200
160,900
14,300
116,774
74,552
42,222
1987
 
88
...............................
313,375
187,999
172,699
15,300
125,376
79,859
45,516
1988
 
89
...............................
346,883
209,377
192,977
16,400
137,506
87,107
50,398
1989
 
90
...............................
381,525
230,970
212,770
18,200
150,555
96,387
54,169
1990
 
91
...............................
412,652
248,930
229,430
19,500
163,722
104,433
59,288
1991
 
92
...............................
432,987
261,255
241,055
20,200
171,732
108,667
63,065
1992
 
93
...............................
456,070
274,335
252,935
21,400
181,735
115,169
66,566
1993
 
94
...............................
477,237
287,507
265,307
22,200
189,730
119,573
70,157
1994
 
95
...............................
503,925
302,400
279,000
23,400
201,525
127,594
73,930
1995
 
96
2
.............................
529,561
318,211
293,611
24,600
211,350
132,752
78,597
1996
 
97
1
.............................
559,500
336,000
310,200
25,800
223,500
140,000
83,500
1997
 
98
1
.............................
583,800
351,300
324,300
27,000
232,500
145,500
87,000
1
Estimated.
2
Preliminary.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
include
current
expenditures,
interest
on
school
debt,
and
capital
outlay.
Data
for
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools
are
estimated.
Total
expenditures
for
colleges
and
universities
include
current­
fund
expenditures
and
additions
to
plant
value.
Excludes
expenditures
of
noncollegiate
postsecondary
institutions.
Higher
education
data
for
1995
 
96
through
1997
 
98
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey;
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS)
``
Finance''
survey;
and
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
36
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
33.
 
Estimated
total
expenditures
of
educational
institutions,
by
level,
control
of
institution,
and
source
of
funds:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
[
In
billions
of
current
dollars]

Level
and
control
of
institution
and
source
of
funds
1979
 
80
1984
 
85
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1994
 
95
1
1995
 
96
2
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
levels
Total
public
and
private
......................
$
165.6
100.0
$
247.7
100.0
$
381.5
100.0
$
412.7
100.0
$
503.9
100.0
$
529.6
100.0
Federal
..............................................
18.9
11.4
21.3
8.6
31.6
8.3
34.1
8.3
43.7
8.7
45.0
8.5
State
..................................................
64.3
38.8
96.1
38.8
142.2
37.3
151.6
36.7
177.9
35.3
188.6
35.6
Local
..................................................
43.3
26.1
63.3
25.6
97.9
25.7
105.5
25.6
127.6
25.3
132.9
25.1
All
other
.............................................
39.1
23.6
66.9
27.0
109.8
28.8
121.5
29.4
154.7
30.7
163.1
30.8
Total
public
........................................
137.4
100.0
200.7
100.0
309.2
100.0
333.9
100.0
406.6
100.0
426.4
100.0
Federal
...........................................
14.8
10.8
15.8
7.9
23.0
7.4
24.9
7.5
33.1
8.1
34.2
8.0
State
..............................................
63.9
46.5
95.5
47.6
140.8
45.5
150.3
45.0
176.3
43.4
187.0
43.9
Local
..............................................
43.1
31.4
63.1
31.4
97.5
31.6
105.0
31.5
127.2
31.3
132.3
31.0
All
other
.........................................
15.6
11.3
26.3
13.1
47.9
15.5
53.7
16.1
70.0
17.2
72.8
17.1
Total
private
......................................
28.2
100.0
47.0
100.0
72.4
100.0
78.8
100.0
97.3
100.0
103.2
100.0
Federal
...........................................
4.1
14.5
5.5
11.7
8.6
11.9
9.2
11.6
10.6
10.9
10.8
10.5
State
..............................................
0.4
1.6
0.7
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
Local
..............................................
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.5
All
other
.........................................
23.5
83.4
40.6
86.4
62.0
85.6
67.9
86.1
84.7
87.0
90.3
87.5
Elementary
and
secondary
schools
Total
public
and
private
......................
103.2
100.0
149.4
100.0
231.0
100.0
248.9
100.0
302.4
100.0
318.2
100.0
Federal
..............................................
9.4
9.1
9.1
6.1
13.0
5.6
14.2
5.7
19.0
6.3
19.5
6.1
State
..................................................
44.7
43.3
66.8
44.7
100.6
43.6
108.2
43.5
130.5
43.1
139.5
43.8
Local
..................................................
41.6
40.3
60.8
40.7
94.0
40.7
101.2
40.6
122.1
40.4
126.9
39.9
All
other
.............................................
7.5
7.3
12.8
8.6
23.3
10.1
25.4
10.2
30.9
10.2
32.4
10.2
Total
public
........................................
96.0
100.0
137.0
100.0
212.8
100.0
229.4
100.0
279.0
100.0
293.6
100.0
Federal
...........................................
9.4
9.8
9.1
6.6
13.0
6.1
14.2
6.2
19.0
6.8
19.5
6.6
State
..............................................
44.7
46.6
66.8
48.7
100.6
47.3
108.2
47.2
130.5
46.8
139.5
47.5
Local
..............................................
41.6
43.3
60.8
44.3
94.0
44.2
101.2
44.1
122.1
43.8
126.9
43.2
All
other
.........................................
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
3
5.1
3
2.4
3
5.9
3
2.6
3
7.5
3
2.7
3
7.8
3
2.6
Total
private
4
....................................
7.2
100.0
12.4
100.0
18.2
100.0
19.5
100.0
23.4
100.0
24.6
100.0
All
other
.........................................
7.2
100.0
12.4
100.0
18.2
100.0
19.5
100.0
23.4
100.0
24.6
100.0
Institutions
of
higher
education
Total
public
and
private
......................
62.5
100.0
98.3
100.0
150.6
100.0
163.7
100.0
201.5
100.0
211.3
100.0
Federal
..............................................
9.5
15.2
12.2
12.4
18.6
12.3
19.9
12.2
24.8
12.3
25.5
12.1
State
..................................................
19.6
31.4
29.4
29.9
41.6
27.6
43.4
26.5
47.4
23.5
49.1
23.2
Local
..................................................
1.7
2.7
2.5
2.6
3.9
2.6
4.3
2.6
5.5
2.7
6.0
2.8
All
other
.............................................
31.6
50.6
54.1
55.1
86.5
57.4
96.1
58.7
123.8
61.5
130.7
61.8
Total
public
........................................
41.4
100.0
63.7
100.0
96.4
100.0
104.4
100.0
127.6
100.0
132.8
100.0
Federal
...........................................
5.4
13.1
6.7
10.6
9.9
10.3
10.7
10.3
14.1
11.1
14.7
11.1
State
..............................................
19.2
46.3
28.7
45.1
40.2
41.7
42.1
40.3
45.8
35.9
47.6
35.8
Local
..............................................
1.5
3.7
2.3
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.7
5.1
4.0
5.5
4.1
All
other
.........................................
15.3
36.9
25.9
40.7
42.7
44.3
47.7
45.7
62.6
49.0
65.0
49.0
Total
private
......................................
21.0
100.0
34.6
100.0
54.2
100.0
59.3
100.0
73.9
100.0
78.6
100.0
Federal
...........................................
4.1
19.4
5.5
15.9
8.6
15.9
9.2
15.4
10.6
14.4
10.8
13.8
State
..............................................
0.4
2.1
0.7
1.9
1.4
2.6
1.3
2.3
1.6
2.1
1.5
1.9
Local
..............................................
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.7
All
other
.........................................
16.3
77.7
28.2
81.6
43.8
80.8
48.4
81.6
61.3
82.9
65.7
83.6
1
Revised
from
previously
published
data.
2
Preliminary
data.
3
Revenues
from
individuals
including
fees
for
transportation
and
books
and
food
service
receipts.
This
expenditure
includes
only
the
individual
contributions
for
these
categories
and
excludes
contributions
from
public
sources.
4
Some
private
elementary
and
secondary
school
revenues
come
from
federal,
state,
and
local
sources.
However,
comprehensive
data
are
not
available
to
delineate
the
sources
of
revenues
for
private
schools.

NOTE.
 
Estimated
distribution
of
expenditures
by
source
of
funds
are
obtained
from
distribution
of
revenue
sources
for
current
funds.
Federally­
supported
student
aid
that
goes
to
higher
education
institutions
through
students'
tuition
payments
is
shown
under
``
All
other''
rather
than
``
federal.''
Such
payments
would
add
substantial
amounts
and
several
percentage
points
to
the
federal
share.
Other
federal
programs,
not
included
in
this
table
because
they
do
not
support
regular
educational
institutions,
would
increase
the
federal
share
even
further.
Typical
examples
of
these
payments
would
be
federal
support
for
libraries
and
museums.
Additionally,
the
federal
contribution
to
education
through
tax
expenditures
is
not
reflected
in
this
table.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS)
``
Finance''
survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
37
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
34.
 
Governmental
expenditures,
by
level
of
government
and
function:
1970
 
71
to
1993
 
94
Expenditure,
by
function
All
governments
1
Federal
government
State
and
local
governments
2
1970
 
71
1980
 
81
1990
 
91
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1970
 
71
1980
 
81
1990
 
91
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1970
 
71
1980
 
81
1990
 
91
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
In
millions
General
expenditures
.........................................
$
301,096
$
827,877
$
1,804,005
$
1,902,366
$
1,963,558
$
150,422
$
422,301
$
1,060,407
$
1,083,257
$
1,107,501
$
150,674
$
407,449
$
908,108
$
1,027,488
$
1,077,665
Selected
federal
programs
National
defense
and
international
relations
......
80,910
174,564
366,112
344,008
333,380
80,910
174,564
366,112
344,008
333,380
 
 
 
 
 
Postal
service
......................................................
8,683
20,466
43,102
44,528
46,110
8,683
20,466
43,102
44,528
46,110
 
 
 
 
 
Space
research
and
technology
.........................
3,334
5,523
13,514
13,873
13,553
3,334
5,523
13,514
13,873
13,553
 
 
 
 
 
Education
and
libraries
............................................
64,042
158,012
334,333
373,411
381,991
4,629
12,408
46,025
55,365
50,502
60,174
147,649
313,744
347,236
358,241
Social
services
and
income
maintenance.

Public
welfare
......................................................
20,446
74,643
167,681
218,655
236,033
2,220
22,395
119,135
157,130
171,112
18,226
54,121
130,402
167,046
179,829
Hospitals
and
health
...........................................
14,835
47,378
102,817
118,969
125,596
3,630
11,277
28,207
32,654
34,424
11,205
36,101
81,110
94,651
100,429
Social
insurance
administration
..........................
2,031
5,075
8,193
5,920
6,506
1,086
2,799
4,943
5,642
5,790
945
2,276
3,250
3,945
4,071
Transportation
..........................................................
23,722
46,578
84,048
90,386
95,224
4,062
7,724
23,250
26,646
29,220
19,819
39,231
75,410
80,600
85,203
Public
safety
Police
protection
..................................................
5,706
16,851
38,942
42,778
45,231
478
1,904
6,170
7,356
7,328
5,228
14,947
32,772
36,146
38,645
Correction
............................................................
1,979
7,806
29,297
31,768
34,603
94
413
1,941
2,422
2,587
1,885
7,393
27,356
29,614
32,270
Environment
and
housing
Natural
resources
................................................
13,740
43,599
56,949
64,446
66,778
10,658
38,896
48,415
53,859
55,568
3,082
6,175
12,575
13,168
13,987
Housing
and
community
development
................
4,467
13,894
33,346
31,121
35,716
1,913
6,808
30,199
31,321
36,916
2,554
7,086
16,648
18,539
19,899
Governmental
administration
Financial
administration
......................................
3,612
10,944
27,204
30,841
32,324
1,341
3,714
10,209
11,647
11,788
2,271
7,230
16,995
19,309
20,577
General
control
3
.................................................
3,567
11,514
36,977
39,450
41,609
540
1,973
5,511
6,357
6,470
4,432
12,771
31,466
33,093
35,139
Interest
on
general
debt
...........................................
21,688
97,641
247,376
253,878
257,623
16,599
80,510
195,142
198,795
202,663
5,089
17,131
52,234
55,083
54,960
Other
and
unallocable
..............................................
28,334
93,389
214,115
198,332
211,280
10,245
30,927
118,532
91,654
100,090
15,764
55,338
114,147
129,057
134,414
Percentage
distribution
General
expenditures
.........................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Selected
federal
programs
National
defense
and
international
relations
......
26.9
21.1
20.3
18.1
17.0
53.8
41.3
34.5
31.8
30.1
 
 
 
 
 
Postal
service
......................................................
2.9
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
5.8
4.8
4.1
4.1
4.2
 
 
 
 
 
Space
research
and
technology
.........................
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
2.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
 
 
 
 
 
Education
and
libraries
............................................
21.3
19.1
18.5
19.6
19.5
3.1
2.9
4.3
5.1
4.6
39.9
36.2
34.5
33.9
33.4
Social
services
and
income
maintenance.

Public
welfare
......................................................
6.8
9.0
9.3
11.5
12.0
1.5
5.3
11.2
14.5
15.5
12.1
13.3
14.4
16.3
16.7
Hospitals
and
health
...........................................
4.9
5.7
5.7
6.3
6.4
2.4
2.7
2.7
3.0
3.1
7.4
8.9
8.9
9.2
9.4
Social
insurance
administration
..........................
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
Transportation
..........................................................
7.9
5.6
4.7
4.8
4.8
2.7
1.8
2.2
2.5
2.6
13.2
9.6
8.3
7.9
7.9
Public
safety
Police
protection
..................................................
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.3
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.6
Correction
............................................................
0.7
0.9
1.6
1.7
1.8
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
1.3
1.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
Environment
and
housing
Natural
resources
................................................
4.6
5.3
3.2
3.4
3.4
7.1
9.2
4.6
5.0
5.0
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
Housing
and
community
development
................
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.3
1.6
2.8
2.9
3.3
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
Governmental
administration
Financial
administration
......................................
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.6
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
General
control
3
.................................................
1.2
1.4
2.0
2.1
2.1
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.3
Interest
on
general
debt
...........................................
7.2
11.8
13.7
13.3
13.1
11.0
19.1
18.4
18.4
18.3
3.4
4.2
5.8
5.4
5.1
Other
and
unallocable
..............................................
9.4
11.3
11.9
10.4
10.8
6.8
7.3
11.2
8.5
9.0
10.5
13.6
12.6
12.6
12.5
1
Excludes
duplicative
intergovernmental
transactions.

2
General
expenditures
include
monies
paid
by
states
to
the
federal
government,
which
are
excluded
from
direct
general
expenditures.

3
Includes
judicial
and
legal
expenditures
and
expenditures
on
general
and
public
buildings
and
other
governmental
administration.
 
Data
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
38
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
35.
 
Direct
general
expenditures
of
state
and
local
governments
for
all
functions
and
for
education,
by
level
and
state:
1994
 
95
[
In
millions]

State
Total
direct
general
expenditures
1
Education
expenditures
Total
Elementary
and
secondary
education
Higher
education
Other
education
3
Total
Current
expenditure
Capital
outlay
2
Total
Current
expenditure
Capital
outlay
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
..........
$
1,146,188
$
378,273
$
264,240
$
239,433
$
24,808
$
97,048
$
86,587
$
10,461
$
16,984
Alabama
.......................
15,736
5,269
3,021
2,774
248
1,877
1,705
172
370
Alaska
..........................
6,253
1,502
1,136
1,006
129
298
287
11
68
Arizona
.........................
15,853
5,706
3,814
3,137
677
1,696
1,532
164
197
Arkansas
......................
8,020
2,938
1,879
1,714
165
757
675
82
302
California
......................
145,425
41,155
28,351
26,019
2,332
10,967
9,842
1,124
1,838
Colorado
......................
15,678
5,700
3,669
3,170
498
1,770
1,613
157
261
Connecticut
..................
16,997
5,059
3,946
3,854
92
899
879
20
214
Delaware
......................
3,492
1,293
756
705
50
438
434
4
99
District
of
Columbia
.....
4,303
706
615
583
32
92
88
4
0
Florida
..........................
57,825
17,445
13,201
11,136
2,066
3,614
3,017
597
630
Georgia
........................
29,098
10,067
7,057
6,098
959
2,384
1,872
512
625
Hawaii
..........................
6,713
1,646
959
799
160
665
557
107
23
Idaho
............................
4,337
1,655
1,090
953
138
473
402
71
92
Illinois
...........................
48,722
15,936
11,242
9,863
1,379
3,826
3,332
494
867
Indiana
.........................
21,144
8,517
5,633
5,000
634
2,559
2,296
263
325
Iowa
.............................
11,960
4,402
2,680
2,510
169
1,509
1,412
97
213
Kansas
.........................
10,221
3,938
2,560
2,375
186
1,234
1,104
130
144
Kentucky
......................
13,659
4,723
3,015
2,865
149
1,316
1,163
153
393
Louisiana
......................
18,625
5,464
3,670
3,457
213
1,482
1,381
100
312
Maine
...........................
5,196
1,670
1,221
1,154
67
372
330
42
77
Maryland
......................
21,190
7,415
5,158
4,698
460
1,931
1,761
170
327
Massachusetts
.............
29,857
7,943
6,095
5,658
438
1,421
1,364
56
427
Michigan
.......................
41,503
16,360
11,099
10,404
695
4,643
4,042
601
619
Minnesota
....................
23,797
8,152
5,913
5,143
770
1,892
1,719
173
347
Mississippi
....................
9,635
3,468
2,190
1,963
227
1,096
993
104
182
Missouri
........................
17,765
6,623
4,816
4,263
553
1,561
1,410
151
246
Montana
.......................
3,535
1,404
949
904
44
356
298
58
100
Nebraska
......................
6,643
2,704
1,838
1,583
254
789
694
95
78
Nevada
.........................
6,436
1,806
1,297
1,176
121
466
401
65
43
New
Hampshire
...........
4,509
1,528
1,132
1,060
72
345
320
25
51
New
Jersey
..................
42,219
14,188
11,046
10,365
682
2,623
2,309
315
518
New
Mexico
.................
7,370
2,574
1,492
1,327
165
965
871
94
117
New
York
.....................
118,702
33,375
26,001
23,887
2,114
6,039
5,588
452
1,335
North
Carolina
..............
27,438
9,764
6,102
5,504
598
3,230
2,906
325
431
North
Dakota
................
2,765
1,008
564
526
38
394
357
36
50
Ohio
.............................
44,033
15,494
10,930
10,244
686
3,874
3,433
441
690
Oklahoma
.....................
11,230
4,452
3,082
2,804
278
1,207
1,074
133
163
Oregon
.........................
14,429
4,878
3,263
3,064
199
1,424
1,263
161
191
Pennsylvania
................
50,375
16,420
11,334
10,402
933
3,910
3,474
436
1,176
Rhode
Island
................
4,849
1,462
1,038
1,019
19
319
303
16
106
South
Carolina
.............
14,286
4,902
3,232
2,965
267
1,427
1,275
152
243
South
Dakota
...............
2,817
942
678
611
66
222
205
17
42
Tennessee
...................
19,063
6,121
3,968
3,546
422
1,929
1,556
373
224
Texas
...........................
67,965
25,785
18,266
16,488
1,778
6,919
6,323
596
600
Utah
.............................
7,662
3,211
1,994
1,649
346
1,109
965
144
108
Vermont
.......................
2,502
984
619
586
32
298
271
27
67
Virginia
.........................
25,106
9,315
6,322
5,725
597
2,524
2,274
250
470
Washington
..................
26,411
9,044
6,078
5,070
1,008
2,547
2,189
358
419
West
Virginia
................
7,141
2,601
1,779
1,649
131
620
576
44
202
Wisconsin
.....................
23,079
8,610
5,825
5,398
426
2,461
2,204
257
324
Wyoming
......................
2,622
947
625
577
48
283
253
30
39
1
Includes
state
and
local
government
expenditures
for
education
services,
social
services
and
income
maintenance,
transportation,
public
safety,
environment
and
housing,
governmental
administration,
interest
on
general
debt,
and
other
general
expenditures.
Includes
intergovernmental
expenditure
to
the
federal
government.

2
Includes
outlays
for
``
other
education.''

3
Includes
assistance
and
subsidies
to
individuals
and
private
institutions
for
elementary
secondary,
and
higher
education,
as
well
as
miscellaneous
education
expenditures.
 
Data
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Current
expenditure
data
in
this
table
differ
from
figures
appearing
in
other
tables
because
of
slightly
varying
definitions
used
in
the
Governmental
Finances
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
39
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
36.
 
Direct
general
expenditures
per
capita
of
state
and
local
governments
for
all
functions
and
for
education,
by
level
and
state:
1994
 
95
State
Total,
all
direct
general
expenditures
per
capita
1
Education
expenditures
Total
Elementary
and
secondary
education
Higher
education
Other
education
2
Amount
per
capita
As
a
percent
of
all
functions
Amount
per
capita
As
a
percent
of
all
functions
Amount
per
capita
As
a
percent
of
all
functions
Amount
per
capita
As
a
percent
of
all
functions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
..........
$
4,362
$
1,440
33.0
$
1,006
23.1
$
369
8.5
$
65
1.5
Alabama
.......................
3,692
1,236
33.5
709
19.2
440
11.9
87
2.4
Alaska
..........................
10,393
2,496
24.0
1,888
18.2
495
4.8
114
1.1
Arizona
.........................
3,680
1,325
36.0
885
24.1
394
10.7
46
1.2
Arkansas
......................
3,233
1,184
36.6
757
23.4
305
9.4
122
3.8
California
......................
4,608
1,304
28.3
898
19.5
348
7.5
58
1.3
Colorado
.......................
4,190
1,523
36.4
981
23.4
473
11.3
70
1.7
Connecticut
..................
5,203
1,549
29.8
1,208
23.2
275
5.3
65
1.3
Delaware
......................
4,879
1,807
37.0
1,056
21.6
612
12.5
139
2.8
District
of
Columbia
......
7,792
1,279
16.4
1,113
14.3
166
2.1
 
 
Florida
..........................
4,078
1,230
30.2
931
22.8
255
6.3
44
1.1
Georgia
........................
4,046
1,400
34.6
981
24.3
331
8.2
87
2.1
Hawaii
..........................
5,695
1,396
24.5
813
14.3
564
9.9
19
0.3
Idaho
............................
3,723
1,421
38.2
936
25.1
406
10.9
79
2.1
Illinois
...........................
4,131
1,351
32.7
953
23.1
324
7.9
74
1.8
Indiana
.........................
3,653
1,472
40.3
973
26.6
442
12.1
56
1.5
Iowa
..............................
4,210
1,550
36.8
943
22.4
531
12.6
75
1.8
Kansas
.........................
3,978
1,532
38.5
996
25.0
480
12.1
56
1.4
Kentucky
......................
3,542
1,225
34.6
782
22.1
341
9.6
102
2.9
Louisiana
......................
4,303
1,262
29.3
848
19.7
342
8.0
72
1.7
Maine
...........................
4,211
1,353
32.1
989
23.5
301
7.2
62
1.5
Maryland
......................
4,215
1,475
35.0
1,026
24.3
384
9.1
65
1.5
Massachusetts
.............
4,926
1,311
26.6
1,006
20.4
234
4.8
70
1.4
Michigan
.......................
4,298
1,694
39.4
1,149
26.7
481
11.2
64
1.5
Minnesota
.....................
5,166
1,770
34.3
1,284
24.8
411
7.9
75
1.5
Mississippi
....................
3,581
1,289
36.0
814
22.7
407
11.4
68
1.9
Missouri
........................
3,336
1,244
37.3
904
27.1
293
8.8
46
1.4
Montana
.......................
4,069
1,616
39.7
1,092
26.8
409
10.1
115
2.8
Nebraska
......................
4,060
1,653
40.7
1,123
27.7
482
11.9
48
1.2
Nevada
.........................
4,208
1,180
28.1
848
20.2
305
7.2
28
0.7
New
Hampshire
...........
3,933
1,333
33.9
987
25.1
301
7.6
44
1.1
New
Jersey
..................
5,307
1,783
33.6
1,388
26.2
330
6.2
65
1.2
New
Mexico
.................
4,370
1,526
34.9
885
20.2
572
13.1
70
1.6
New
York
.....................
6,542
1,839
28.1
1,433
21.9
333
5.1
74
1.1
North
Carolina
..............
3,818
1,359
35.6
849
22.2
449
11.8
60
1.6
North
Dakota
................
4,312
1,571
36.4
879
20.4
614
14.2
78
1.8
Ohio
..............................
3,955
1,392
35.2
982
24.8
348
8.8
62
1.6
Oklahoma
.....................
3,433
1,361
39.6
942
27.4
369
10.7
50
1.5
Oregon
.........................
4,591
1,552
33.8
1,038
22.6
453
9.9
61
1.3
Pennsylvania
................
4,182
1,363
32.6
941
22.5
325
7.8
98
2.3
Rhode
Island
................
4,898
1,477
30.2
1,049
21.4
322
6.6
107
2.2
South
Carolina
.............
3,878
1,331
34.3
877
22.6
388
10.0
66
1.7
South
Dakota
...............
3,833
1,282
33.4
922
24.1
302
7.9
58
1.5
Tennessee
...................
3,641
1,169
32.1
758
20.8
368
10.1
43
1.2
Texas
...........................
3,627
1,376
37.9
975
26.9
369
10.2
32
0.9
Utah
..............................
3,881
1,627
41.9
1,010
26.0
562
14.5
55
1.4
Vermont
........................
4,292
1,688
39.3
1,061
24.7
511
11.9
116
2.7
Virginia
.........................
3,803
1,411
37.1
958
25.2
382
10.1
71
1.9
Washington
..................
4,859
1,664
34.2
1,118
23.0
468
9.6
77
1.6
West
Virginia
................
3,919
1,428
36.4
977
24.9
340
8.7
111
2.8
Wisconsin
.....................
4,514
1,684
37.3
1,139
25.2
481
10.7
63
1.4
Wyoming
......................
5,478
1,979
36.1
1,307
23.9
591
10.8
82
1.5
1
Includes
state
and
local
government
expenditures
for
education
services,
social
services
and
income
maintenance,
transportation,
public
safety,
environment
and
housing,
governmental
administration,
interest
on
general
debt,
and
other
general
expenditures.
Includes
intergovernmental
expenditure
to
the
federal
government.
2
Includes
assistance
and
subsidies
to
individuals
and
private
institutions
for
elementary
secondary,
and
higher
education,
as
well
as
miscellaneous
education
expenditures.
 
Data
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Per
capita
amounts
are
based
on
population
figures
as
of
July
1,
1995,
and
are
computed
on
the
basis
of
amounts
rounded
to
the
nearest
thousand.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
40
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
37.
 
Gross
domestic
product,
state
and
local
expenditures,
personal
income,
disposable
personal
income,
median
family
income,
and
population:
1929
to
1997
Year
Gross
domestic
product,
in
billions
State
and
local
expenditures,
1
in
millions
Personal
income,
in
billions
Disposable
personal
income,
in
billions
of
chained
1992
dollars
Disposable
personal
income
per
capita
Median
family
income
Total
population
in
thousands
Current
dollars
Chained
1992
dollars
All
general
expenditures
Education
expenditures
Current
dollars
Chained
1992
dollars
Annual
averages
of
quarterly
data
2
As
of
July
1
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1929
.....................
$
103.8
790.9
 
 
$
85.2
$
635.3
$
680
$
5,213
 
 
121,878
1933
.....................
56.2
577.3
 
 
46.8
481.6
363
3,831
 
 
125,690
1939
.....................
91.9
866.5
 
 
72.8
687.9
539
5,250
 
 
131,028
1940
.....................
101.2
941.2
$
9,229
$
2,638
78.3
734.3
575
5,558
 
 
132,122
1941
.....................
126.7
1,101.8
 
 
96.0
845.6
697
6,339
 
 
133,402
1942
.....................
161.6
1,308.9
9,190
2,586
123.3
952.8
872
7,065
 
 
134,860
1943
.....................
198.3
1,523.0
 
 
151.8
995.8
982
7,282
 
 
136,739
1944
.....................
219.7
1,644.7
8,863
2,793
165.7
1,031.3
1,062
7,452
 
 
138,397
1945
.....................
223.2
1,626.7
 
 
171.3
1,016.8
1,077
7,267
 
 
139,928
1946
.....................
222.6
1,447.7
11,028
3,356
179.0
1,011.0
1,136
7,150
 
 
141,389
1947
.....................
244.6
1,430.7
 
 
191.8
974.1
1,185
6,759
$
3,031
 
144,126
1948
.....................
269.7
1,491.0
17,684
5,379
210.7
1,025.6
1,297
6,994
3,187
 
146,631
1949
.....................
267.8
1,479.8
 
 
207.8
1,031.6
1,272
6,915
3,107
 
149,188
1950
.....................
294.6
1,611.3
22,787
7,177
229.7
1,124.7
1,382
7,415
3,319
 
151,684
1951
.....................
339.7
1,734.0
 
 
258.6
1,157.3
1,492
7,501
3,709
 
154,287
1952
.....................
358.6
1,798.7
26,098
8,318
276.0
1,194.8
1,545
7,613
3,890
 
156,954
1953
.....................
379.7
1,881.4
27,910
9,390
292.9
1,254.3
1,617
7,861
4,242
 
159,565
1954
.....................
381.3
1,868.2
30,701
10,557
255.7
1,270.2
1,625
7,822
4,167
 
162,391
1955
.....................
415.1
2,001.1
33,724
11,907
317.3
1,355.6
1,710
8,202
4,418
 
165,275
1956
.....................
438.0
2,040.2
36,711
13,220
340.5
1,418.5
1,794
8,432
4,780
 
168,221
1957
.....................
461.0
2,078.5
40,375
14,134
359.6
1,452.6
1,859
8,481
4,966
 
171,274
1958
.....................
467.3
2,057.5
44,851
15,919
370.3
1,466.4
1,892
8,421
5,087
 
174,882
1959
.....................
507.2
2,210.2
48,887
17,283
394.4
1,530.1
1,971
8,641
5,417
177,073
177,830
1960
.....................
526.6
2,262.9
51,876
18,719
412.5
1,565.4
2,008
8,660
5,620
180,760
180,671
1961
.....................
544.8
2,314.3
56,201
20,574
430.0
1,615.8
2,062
8,794
5,735
183,742
183,691
1962
.....................
585.2
2,454.8
60,206
22,216
457.0
1,693.7
2,151
9,077
5,956
186,590
186,538
1963
.....................
617.4
2,559.4
63,977
23,729
480.0
1,755.5
2,225
9,274
6,249
189,300
189,242
1964
.....................
663.0
2,708.4
69,302
26,286
514.5
1,881.9
2,384
9,805
6,569
191,927
191,889
1965
.....................
719.1
2,881.1
74,678
28,563
556.7
2,000.2
2,541
10,292
6,957
194,347
194,303
1966
.....................
787.8
3,069.2
82,843
33,287
605.7
2,106.6
2,715
10,715
7,532
196,599
196,560
1967
.....................
833.6
3,147.2
93,350
37,919
650.7
2,198.4
2,877
11,061
7,933
198,752
198,712
1968
.....................
910.6
3,293.9
102,411
41,158
714.5
2,298.2
3,096
11,448
8,632
200,745
200,706
1969
.....................
982.2
3,393.6
116,728
47,238
779.3
2,373.6
3,297
11,708
9,433
202,736
202,677
1970
.....................
1,035.6
3,397.6
131,332
52,718
837.1
2,465.6
3,545
12,022
9,867
205,089
205,052
1971
.....................
1,125.4
3,510.0
150,674
59,413
900.2
2,564.0
3,805
12,345
10,285
207,692
207,661
1972
.....................
1,237.3
3,702.3
168,550
65,814
988.8
2,680.8
4,074
12,770
11,116
209,924
209,896
1973
.....................
1,382.6
3,916.3
181,357
69,714
1,107.5
2,869.4
4,553
13,539
12,051
211,939
211,909
1974
.....................
1,496.9
3,891.2
198,959
75,833
1,215.9
2,847.0
4,928
13,310
12,902
213,898
213,854
1975
.....................
1,630.6
3,873.9
230,721
87,858
1,319.0
2,895.0
5,367
13,404
13,719
215,981
215,973
1976
.....................
1,819.0
4,082.9
256,731
97,216
1,459.4
3,008.0
5,837
13,793
14,958
218,086
218,035
1977
.....................
2,026.9
4,273.6
274,215
102,780
1,616.1
3,105.1
6,362
14,095
16,009
220,289
220,239
1978
.....................
2,291.4
4,503.0
296,984
110,758
1,825.9
3,264.2
7,097
14,662
17,640
222,629
222,585
1979
.....................
2,557.5
4,630.6
327,517
119,448
2,055.8
3,353.9
7,861
14,899
19,587
225,106
225,055
1980
.....................
2,784.2
4,615.0
369,086
133,211
2,293.0
3,373.3
8,665
14,813
21,023
227,726
227,726
1981
.....................
3,115.9
4,720.7
407,449
145,784
2,568.5
3,452.3
9,566
15,009
22,388
230,008
229,966
1982
.....................
3,242.1
4,620.3
436,733
154,282
2,724.1
3,483.0
10,108
14,999
23,433
232,218
232,188
1983
.....................
3,514.5
4,803.7
466,516
163,876
2,894.4
3,579.9
10,764
15,277
24,674
234,332
234,307
1984
.....................
3,902.4
5,140.1
505,008
176,108
3,211.4
3,841.9
11,887
16,252
26,433
236,394
236,348
1985
.....................
4,180.7
5,323.5
553,899
192,686
3,440.9
3,958.6
12,587
16,597
27,735
238,506
238,466
1986
.....................
4,422.2
5,487.7
605,623
210,819
3,639.6
4,087.0
13,244
16,981
29,458
240,682
240,651
1987
.....................
4,692.3
5,649.5
657,134
226,619
3,877.8
4,154.1
13,849
17,106
4
30,970
242,842
242,804
1988
.....................
5,049.6
5,865.2
704,921
242,683
4,178.9
4,318.1
14,857
17,621
4
32,191
245,061
245,021
1989
.....................
5,438.7
6,062.0
762,360
263,898
4,496.4
4,403.7
15,742
17,801
4
34,213
247,387
247,342
1990
.....................
5,743.8
6,136.3
834,818
288,148
4,796.2
4,484.6
16,670
17,942
4
35,353
249,956
249,949
1991
.....................
5,916.7
6,079.4
908,108
309,302
4,965.6
4,483.5
17,179
17,744
4
35,939
252,680
252,636
1992
.....................
6,244.4
6,244.4
981,253
324,652
5,255.7
4,605.1
18,029
18,029
4
36,573
255,432
255,382
1993
.....................
6,558.1
6,389.6
1,033,167
342,287
5,481.0
4,666.7
18,558
18,077
4
36,959
258,161
258,089
1994
.....................
6,947.0
6,610.7
1,077,665
353,287
5,757.9
4,772.9
19,251
18,308
4
38,782
260,705
260,602
1995
.....................
7,269.6
6,761.7
1,149,863
378,273
6,072.1
4,906.0
20,050
18,640
4
40,611
263,194
263,039
1996
.....................
7,661.6
6,994.8
1,193,276
398,859
6,425.2
5,043.0
20,840
18,989
4
42,300
265,579
265,453
1997
.....................
8,110.9
7,269.8
 
 
6,784.0
5,183.1
21,633
19,349
4
44,568
267,880
267,901
1
Data
for
years
prior
to
1963
include
expenditures
for
government
fiscal
years
ending
during
that
particular
calendar
year.
Data
for
1963
and
later
years
are
the
aggregations
of
expenditures
for
government
fiscal
years
which
ended
on
June
30
of
the
stated
year.
General
expenditures
exclude
expenditures
of
publicly
owned
utilities
and
liquor
stores,
and
of
insurance­
trust
activities.
Intergovernmental
payments
between
state
and
local
governments
are
excluded.
Payments
to
the
federal
government
are
included.
2
Population
of
the
United
States
including
Armed
Forces
overseas;
includes
Alaska
and
Hawaii
beginning
1960.
Quarterly
data
are
averages
for
the
period.
3
Population
of
the
United
States
including
Armed
Forces
overseas;
includes
Alaska
and
Hawaii
beginning
1958.
Includes
revisions
based
on
the
1990
Census.
4
Revised
methodology.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Gross
domestic
product
data
are
adjusted
by
the
GDP
chained
weight
price
deflator.
Personal
income
data
are
adjusted
by
the
personal
consumption
deflator.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
Executive
Office
of
the
President,
Economic
Report
of
the
President,
February
1998,
and
Economic
Indicators,
September
1998;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Money
Income
in
the
United
States,
Series
P­
60,
No.
200;
and
Bureau
of
Economic
Analysis,
Survey
of
Current
Business.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
41
ALL
LEVELS:
FINANCES
Table
38.
 
Gross
domestic
product
deflator,
Consumer
Price
Index,
education
price
indexes,
and
federal
budget
composite
deflator:
1919
to
1998
Calendar
year
School
year
Federal
fiscal
year
Year
Gross
domestic
product
chain
weight
deflator
Consumer
Price
Index
1
Year
Consumer
Price
Index
2
Higher
Education
Price
Index
Research
and
Development
Index
Academic
Library
Operations
Index
Year
Federal
budget
composite
deflator
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1919
...........
 
17.3
1919
 
20
..........
19.1
 
 
 
1919
...........
 
1929
...........
 
17.1
1929
 
30
..........
17.1
 
 
 
1929
...........
 
1934
...........
 
13.4
1934
 
35
..........
13.6
 
 
 
1934
...........
 
1939
...........
 
13.9
1939
 
40
..........
14.0
 
 
 
1939
...........
 
1940
...........
 
14.0
1940
 
41
..........
14.2
 
 
 
1940
...........
0.0909
1941
...........
 
14.7
1941
 
42
..........
15.6
 
 
 
1941
...........
0.0954
1942
...........
 
16.3
1942
 
43
..........
16.9
 
 
 
1942
...........
0.1048
1943
...........
 
17.3
1943
 
44
..........
17.4
 
 
 
1943
...........
0.1199
1944
...........
 
17.6
1944
 
45
..........
17.8
 
 
 
1944
...........
0.1218
1945
...........
 
18.0
1945
 
46
..........
18.2
 
 
 
1945
...........
0.1195
1946
...........
 
19.5
1946
 
47
..........
21.2
 
 
 
1946
...........
0.1148
1947
...........
 
22.3
1947
 
48
..........
23.3
 
 
 
1947
...........
0.1296
1948
...........
 
24.1
1948
 
49
..........
24.1
 
 
 
1948
...........
0.1331
1949
...........
 
23.8
1949
 
50
..........
23.7
 
 
 
1949
...........
0.1344
1950
...........
 
24.1
1950
 
51
..........
25.1
 
 
 
1950
...........
0.1414
1951
...........
 
26.0
1951
 
52
..........
26.3
 
 
 
1951
...........
0.1473
1952
...........
 
26.5
1952
 
53
..........
26.7
 
 
 
1952
...........
0.1513
1953
...........
 
26.7
1953
 
54
..........
26.9
 
 
 
1953
...........
0.1588
1954
...........
 
26.9
1954
 
55
..........
26.8
 
 
 
1954
...........
0.1640
1955
...........
 
26.8
1955
 
56
..........
26.9
 
 
 
1955
...........
0.1664
1956
...........
 
27.2
1956
 
57
..........
27.7
 
 
 
1956
...........
0.1749
1957
...........
 
28.1
1957
 
58
..........
28.6
 
 
 
1957
...........
0.1833
1958
...........
 
28.9
1958
 
59
..........
29.0
 
 
 
1958
...........
0.1925
1959
...........
23.0
29.1
1959
 
60
..........
29.4
 
 
 
1959
...........
0.1987
1960
...........
23.3
29.6
1960
 
61
..........
29.8
25.6
26.7
 
1960
...........
0.1994
1961
...........
23.6
29.9
1961
 
62
..........
30.1
26.5
27.5
 
1961
...........
0.2046
1962
...........
23.9
30.2
1962
 
63
..........
30.4
27.6
28.5
 
1962
...........
0.2077
1963
...........
24.2
30.6
1963
 
64
..........
30.8
28.6
29.5
 
1963
...........
0.2154
1964
...........
24.6
31.0
1964
 
65
..........
31.2
29.8
30.7
 
1964
...........
0.2192
1965
...........
25.0
31.5
1965
 
66
..........
31.9
31.3
32.0
 
1965
...........
0.2224
1966
...........
25.7
32.4
1966
 
67
..........
32.9
32.9
33.8
 
1966
...........
0.2293
1967
...........
26.6
33.4
1967
 
68
..........
34.0
34.9
35.7
 
1967
...........
0.2365
1968
...........
27.7
34.8
1968
 
69
..........
35.7
37.1
38.0
 
1968
...........
0.2465
1969
...........
29.0
36.7
1969
 
70
..........
37.8
39.5
40.3
 
1969
...........
0.2597
1970
...........
30.6
38.8
1970
 
71
..........
39.7
42.1
42.7
 
1970
...........
0.2753
1971
...........
32.1
40.5
1971
 
72
..........
41.2
44.3
45.0
 
1971
...........
0.2925
1972
...........
33.5
41.8
1972
 
73
..........
42.8
46.7
47.1
 
1972
...........
0.3118
1973
...........
35.4
44.4
1973
 
74
..........
46.6
49.9
50.1
 
1973
...........
0.3277
1974
...........
38.5
49.3
1974
 
75
..........
51.8
54.3
54.8
 
1974
...........
0.3454
1975
...........
42.2
53.8
1975
 
76
..........
55.5
57.8
59.0
57.3
1975
...........
0.3545
1976
...........
44.6
56.9
1976
 
77
..........
58.7
61.5
62.7
61.6
1976
...........
0.4196
1977
...........
47.5
60.6
1977
 
78
..........
62.6
65.7
66.8
65.8
1977
...........
0.4539
1978
...........
50.9
65.2
1978
 
79
..........
68.5
70.5
71.7
71.4
1978
...........
0.4855
1979
...........
55.3
72.6
1979
 
80
..........
77.6
77.5
78.3
78.5
1979
...........
0.5265
1980
...........
60.4
82.4
1980
 
81
..........
86.6
85.8
86.6
86.1
1980
...........
0.5817
1981
...........
66.1
90.9
1981
 
82
..........
94.1
93.9
94.0
94.0
1981
...........
0.6421
1982
...........
70.2
96.5
1982
 
83
..........
98.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
1982
...........
0.6867
1983
...........
73.2
99.6
1983
 
84
..........
101.8
104.8
104.3
105.1
1983
...........
0.7198
1984
...........
75.9
103.9
1984
 
85
..........
105.8
110.8
109.8
111.2
1984
...........
0.7544
1985
...........
78.6
107.6
1985
 
86
..........
108.8
116.3
115.2
117.6
1985
...........
0.7828
1986
...........
80.6
109.6
1986
 
87
..........
111.2
120.9
120.0
124.2
1986
...........
0.8049
1987
...........
83.1
113.6
1987
 
88
..........
115.8
126.1
126.8
130.0
1987
...........
0.8271
1988
...........
86.1
118.3
1988
 
89
..........
121.2
132.8
132.1
138.6
1988
...........
0.8544
1989
...........
89.7
124.0
1989
 
90
..........
127.0
140.8
139.0
147.4
1989
...........
0.8901
1990
...........
93.6
130.7
1990
 
91
..........
133.9
148.2
145.8
155.7
1990
...........
0.9257
1991
...........
97.3
136.2
1991
 
92
..........
138.2
153.5
150.6
163.3
1991
...........
0.9695
1992
...........
100.0
140.3
1992
 
93
..........
142.5
158.0
155.2
169.8
1992
...........
1.0000
1993
...........
102.6
144.5
1993
 
94
..........
146.2
163.3
160.1
176.7
1993
...........
1.0252
1994
...........
105.1
148.2
1994
 
95
..........
150.4
168.3
165.4
183.9
1994
...........
1.0495
1995
...........
107.5
152.4
1995
 
96
..........
154.5
173.3
170.8
192.6
1995
...........
1.0767
1996
...........
109.5
156.9
1996
 
97
..........
158.9
 
 
 
1996
...........
1.1052
1997
...........
111.6
160.5
1997
 
98
..........
161.7
 
 
 
1997
...........
1.1324
1998
...........
 
163.0
1998
 
99
..........
 
 
 
 
1998
...........
1.1574
1
Index
for
urban
wage
earners
and
clerical
workers
through
1977;
1978
and
later
figures
are
for
all
urban
consumers.
2
Consumer
Price
Index
adjusted
to
a
school­
year
basis
(
July
through
June).
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
Council
of
Economic
Advisers,
Economic
Indicators,
February
1991
and
September
1998,
and
Economic
Report
of
the
President,
February
1999;
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
Consumer
Price
Index;
Research
Associates
of
Washington,
``
Inflation
Measures
for
Schools
and
Colleges,
1990
Update,''
and
unpublished
data;
and
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government
Fiscal
Year
1999.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
43
CHAPTER
2
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
This
chapter
contains
a
variety
of
statistics
on
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
education.
Data
are
presented
for
enrollments,
teachers,
schools,
student
performance,
graduates,
and
expenditures
These
data
are
derived
from
surveys
conducted
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES)
and
other
public
and
private
organizations
The
variety
of
information
ranges
from
simple
counts
of
students
and
schools,
to
opinions
of
teachers
and
students
concerning
the
state
of
education
today.

Enrollments
Public
elementary
and
secondary
school
enrollments
increased
by
15
percent
from
1987
to
1997,
but
when
examined
separately,
enrollment
at
the
elementary
and
secondary
levels
exhibited
different
patterns
Between
1987
and
1997,
public
elementary
enrollment
rose
by
18
percent,
while
secondary
enrollment
increased
by
8
percent.
Secondary
enrollment
declined
during
the
beginning
of
this
period
(
tables
3
and
39).
Preprimary
education
enrollment
has
grown
substantially
Between
1987
and
1997,
preprimary
enrollment
of
3­
to
5­
year­
olds
rose
by
33
percent.
An
important
feature
of
the
increasing
participation
of
young
children
in
preprimary
schools
is
the
increasing
proportion
in
full­
day
programs.
In
1997
about
50
percent
of
the
children
attended
school
all
day
compared
with
35
percent
in
1987
(
table
46).
Slightly
increasing
numbers
and
proportions
of
children
are
being
served
in
programs
for
the
disabled.
During
the
1980
 
81
school
year,
10
percent
of
students
were
served
in
these
programs
compared
with
13
percent
in
1996
 
97.
Much
of
the
rise
since
1980
 
81
may
be
attributed
to
the
increasing
proportion
of
children
identified
as
learning
disabled,
which
rose
from
4
percent
of
enrollment
in
1980
 
81
to
6
percent
of
enrollment
in
1996
 
97
(
table
53).

Tuition
at
Private
Schools
The
average
full
tuition
(
highest
tuition
charged)
for
private
schools
was
$
3,116
in
1993
 
94.
Schools
with
religious
orientation
charged
significantly
lower
tuition
than
nonsectarian
schools.
Students
at
Catholic
schools
paid
$
2,178
on
average
and
students
at
schools
with
other
religious
orientations
paid
$
2,915
on
average,
compared
with
the
average
tuition
of
$
6,631
for
nonsectarian
private
schools.
Mean
tuition
paid
for
private
elementary
school
students
was
lower
than
that
paid
by
other
schools'
students,
with
Catholic
school
students
paying
$
1,628.
Students
at
schools
with
other
religious
orientations
paid
$
2,606,
and
students
at
nonsectarian
schools
paid
$
4,693.
Mean
tuition
paid
for
private
secondary
school
students
was
substantially
higher
than
that
for
private
elementary
school
students,
averaging
$
3,643
at
Catholic
schools,
$
5,261
at
other
religiously
oriented
schools,
and
$
9,525
at
nonsectarian
schools
(
table
62).

Teachers
and
Other
School
Staff
During
the
1970s
and
early
1980s,
public
school
enrollment
decreased,
while
the
number
of
teachers
rose.
As
a
result,
the
pupil/
teacher
ratio
fell
from
22.3
in
1970
to
17.9
in
1985.
After
1985,
the
number
of
pupils
per
teacher
continued
downward,
reaching
17.2
in
1990.
Between
1990
and
1998,
enrollment
rose
at
about
the
same
rate
as
the
number
of
teachers
and
the
pupil/
teacher
ratio
was
estimated
at
17.2
in
fall
1998
(
table
65).
In
1993
 
94,
73
percent
of
public
school
teachers
were
women,
33
percent
were
under
40,
and
more
than
47
percent
had
a
master's
degree
or
above.
By
comparison,
about
75
percent
of
the
378,000
fulltime
and
part­
time
private
school
teachers
were
women.
About
42
percent
of
the
private
school
teachers
were
under
age
40,
and
34
percent
had
a
master's
or
higher
degree
(
table
68).
Principals
tended
to
be
older
and
have
higher
level
credentials
than
teachers.
Also,
they
were
more
likely
to
be
male.
About
7
percent
of
the
public
school
principals
were
under
age
40
and
99
percent
had
a
master's
degree
or
above.
About
35
percent
of
the
principals
were
women
(
table
88).
In
general,
public
school
teachers
have
higher
salaries
than
private
school
teachers.
In
1993
 
94,
the
average
base
salary
for
public
school
teachers
was
$
34,153,
compared
with
$
21,968
for
private
school
teachers
(
table
74).
The
average
salary
for
public
school
teachers
grew
slowly
during
the
1990s,
reaching
$
39,385
in
1997
 
98.
After
adjustment
for
infla­
44
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
tion,
teachers'
salaries
rose
one
percent
between
1987
 
88
and
1997
 
98
(
table
78).
The
number
of
nonteaching
staff
employed
by
public
schools
grew
at
a
faster
rate
than
the
number
of
pupils
and
teachers
in
the
1970s.
During
the
1970s,
the
proportion
of
the
total
staff
who
were
teachers
declined
from
60
percent
to
52
percent
in
fall
1980.
From
the
1980s
through
the
mid­
1990s,
the
number
of
teachers
grew
at
about
the
same
rate
as
other
public
school
staff.
In
1980,
there
were
9.8
pupils
per
staff
member
(
total
staff)
compared
with
8.9
pupils
per
staff
member
in
1996.
In
1993
 
94,
the
number
of
pupils
per
staff
member
at
private
schools
was
9.3
(
tables
61
and
83).

Schools
Over
the
past
several
decades,
the
trend
to
consolidate
small
schools
has
brought
a
large
decline
in
the
total
number
of
public
schools
in
the
United
States.
In
1930,
there
were
more
than
262,000
public
schools,
compared
with
around
88,000
today.
But
this
number
has
grown
in
recent
years,
with
an
increase
of
about
4,800
schools
between
1989
 
90
and
1996
 
97
(
table
90).
The
shift
in
structure
of
public
school
systems
toward
middle
schools
(
grades
4,
5,
or
6
to
6,
7,
or
8)
is
continuing.
The
number
of
elementary
schools
rose
by
5
percent
to
62,000
between
1986
 
87
and
1996
 
97,
but
middle
schools
accounted
for
a
disproportionate
share
of
this
increase,
rising
by
41
percent
Meanwhile,
the
number
of
junior
high
schools
(
grades
7
to
8
and
7
to
9)
declined
by
28
percent
(
table
96).
Elementary
enrollment
has
risen
faster
than
the
number
of
schools,
with
the
average
elementary
school
size
increasing
as
a
result.
Elementary
schools
grew
from
an
average
of
403
students
in
1984
 
85
to
478
in
1996
 
97.
During
the
same
time
period,
the
average
secondary
school
size
fell
from
721
to
703.
To
some
extent,
the
average
size
of
secondary
schools
has
been
affected
by
increasing
numbers
of
alternative
schools,
which
tend
to
be
small.
Schools
tend
to
be
smaller
in
predominantly
rural
states,
such
as
Nebraska,
South
Dakota,
and
Montana,
and
larger
in
states
with
large
urban
populations
such
as
California,
Hawaii,
and
Florida
(
tables
97,
99,
and
100).

Completions
and
Achievement
The
dropout
rate
among
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
(
which
counts
GED
recipients
and
special
program
completers
as
graduates)
suggests
some
improvements
have
been
made
over
the
past
20
years.
This
dropout
rate
includes
all
persons
in
the
16­
to
24­
year­
old
age
group
regardless
of
when
they
dropped
out.
Between
1977
and
1987,
the
dropout
rate
fell
from
14.1
percent
to
12.6
percent.
The
dropout
rate
for
1997
was
11.0,
which
is
lower
than
the
1987
figure
The
dropout
rate
statistic
is
based
on
the
civilian
noninstitutionalized
population,
which
excludes
persons
in
prisons
and
persons
not
living
in
households
(
table
103).
Comparisons
of
the
number
of
public
and
private
high
school
graduates
with
the
17­
yearold
population
suggest
that
the
proportion
of
young
people
earning
regular
high
school
diplomas
has
not
increased
over
the
past
20
years.
At
its
highest
point
in
1968
 
69,
there
were
77
graduates
for
every
100
persons
17
years
of
age.
This
ratio
declined
during
the
1970s,
falling
to
71
in
1979
 
80.
The
ratio
has
fluctuated
since
then
and
was
69
in
1997
 
98.
This
indicator
is
not
a
completion
rate,
however,
because
many
students
complete
their
high
school
education
through
alternative
programs,
such
as
night
schools
and
the
General
Educational
Development
(
GED)
program
(
tables
101
and
104).
Student
achievement
has
improved
in
a
number
of
areas.
An
overall
increase
was
seen
in
reading
proficiency
scores
for
9­
and
13­
year­
olds
since
1971,
with
17­
year­
olds
scoring
about
the
same
in
1996
as
in
1971.
After
significant
gains
during
the
1970s,
9­
year­
old
reading
proficiency
fell
during
the
1980s,
but
the
1996
score
remained
above
the
1971
level.
The
increase
in
reading
ability
was
reflected
by
higher
average
proficiencies
in
other
subjects
for
9­
and
13­
year­
old
students.
Significant
gaps
in
performance
continue
to
exist
between
racial/
ethnic
subgroups
and
between
male
and
female
students.
Gender
gaps
favoring
female
students
in
reading
were
essentially
the
same
in
1996
as
in
1971
(
table
109).
The
results
of
assessments
in
average
writing
achievement
from
1984
to
1996
reveal
a
shift
at
grades
4
and
8.
After
declining
between
1984
and
1990,
average
performance
at
grade
8
increased,
and
by
1996
had
again
returned
to
the
earlier
level.
Also,
at
grade
4
there
was
an
increase
in
performance
between
1990
and
1996,
countering
downward
fluctuations
in
the
1980s,
so
that
performance
was
essentially
unchanged
between
1984
and
1996.
Overall
grade
11
writing
performance
declined
between
1984
and
1996.
Females
outperformed
males
at
the
4th,
8th,
and
11th
grade
levels
(
table
115).
Results
from
national
assessments
of
mathematics
achievement
indicated
a
significant
improvement
at
ages
9
and
13,
between
1973
and
1996.
Performance
of
17­
year­
olds
declined
between
1973
and
1982,
but
an
upturn
during
the
following
decade
returned
average
performance
back
up
to
1973
levels.
For
9­,
13­,
and
17­
year­
olds,
there
were
increases
in
average
mathematics
proficiency
between
1986
and
1996,
including
increases
among
black
and
Hispanic
9­
and
17­
year­
olds.
Gender
gaps
in
mathematics
among
17­
year­
olds
narrowed
between
1973
and
1996.
However,
the
gap
among
9­
and
13­
year­
45
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
olds
favoring
females
in
1973
reversed,
and
in
1996
the
gap
favored
males
(
table
120).
Average
science
proficiency
increased
for
9­,
13­,
and
17­
year­
old
black
students
between
1970
and
1996.
Although
the
average
science
proficiency
of
white
students
at
all
three
age
groups
(
ages
9,
13,
and
17)
remained
significantly
higher
than
the
average
proficiencies
of
black
and
Hispanic
students,
there
was
some
evidence
of
gaps
narrowing
between
1970
and
1996.
The
performance
gap
between
white
and
black
students
decreased
for
9­
year­
olds
and
13­
year­
olds
between
1970
and
1996,
but
the
gaps
for
17­
year­
olds
remained
about
the
same.
The
performance
gaps
among
white
and
Hispanic
9­
and
17­
year­
olds
was
about
the
same
in
1996
as
they
were
in
1977
(
table
128).
Gender
gaps
favoring
9­
year­
old
and
13­
year­
old
males
in
science
did
not
narrow
significantly
between
1970
and
1996,
but
there
was
a
narrowing
of
the
gap
between
17­
year­
old
males
and
females
(
table
128).
The
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
(
SAT,
formerly
known
as
the
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test)
was
not
designed
as
an
indicator
of
student
achievement,
but
rather
to
help
predict
how
well
students
will
do
in
college
Between
1986
 
87
and
1996
 
97,
mathematics
SAT
scores
increased
by
10
points,
while
verbal
scores
fell
by
2
points
(
table
131).
Over
the
past
12
years,
the
average
number
of
science
and
mathematics
courses
completed
by
public
high
school
graduates
increased
substantially.
The
mean
number
of
mathematics
courses
(
Carnegie
units)
completed
in
high
school
rose
from
2.6
in
1982
to
3.4
in
1994,
and
the
number
of
science
courses
rose
from
2.2
to
3.0.
The
average
number
of
courses
in
vocational­
technical
areas
completed
by
all
high
school
graduates
dropped
gradually,
from
4.7
units
in
1982
to
3.9
units
in
1994.
As
a
result
of
the
increased
academic
course
load,
the
proportion
of
students
completing
the
recommendations
of
the
National
Commission
on
Excellence
(
4
units
of
English,
3
units
of
social
studies,
3
units
of
science,
3
units
of
mathematics,
and
.5
units
of
computer
science)
rose
from
3
percent
in
1982
to
32
percent
in
1994
(
tables
136
and
139).
Drugs
and
Violence
Twelfth­
grade
students
at
public
schools
were
less
likely
to
feel
safe
at
school
and
were
more
likely
to
report
fights
between
racial/
ethnic
groups
and
gangs
at
school
than
students
at
Catholic
and
other
private
schools.
About
10
percent
of
all
1992
high
school
seniors
reported
that
they
did
not
feel
safe
at
school
and
23
percent
reported
that
there
were
often
fights
between
different
racial/
ethnic
groups
(
table
142).
The
proportion
of
public
and
private
high
school
seniors
who
reported
ever
using
an
illicit
drug
rose
from
55
percent
in
1975
to
66
percent
in
1981.
After
1981,
the
proportion
of
seniors
who
had
ever
used
drugs
fell.
After
reaching
41
percent
in
1992,
the
proportion
rose
again
to
51
percent
in
1996.
Also,
the
proportion
of
high
school
seniors
who
had
ever
used
cocaine
fell
from
17
percent
in
1985
to
7
percent
in
1996.
Alcohol
remained
the
most
often
used
drug.
The
proportion
of
seniors
who
had
used
alcohol
within
the
previous
30
days
declined
from
72
percent
in
1980
to
51
percent
in
1996
(
table
150).

Resources
and
Expenditures
The
state
share
of
revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
had
grown
steadily
for
many
decades,
but
this
trend
began
to
reverse
in
the
late
1980s.
Between
1986
 
87
and
1995
 
96,
the
state
share
declined
from
49.7
percent
of
all
revenues
to
47.5
percent,
while
the
local
share
rose
from
43.9
percent
to
45.9
percent.
The
federal
share
was
6.6
percent
in
1995
 
96,
after
fluctuating
slightly
over
the
period
(
table
157).
The
expenditure
per
student
in
public
schools
rose
significantly
during
the
late
1980s,
but
increased
more
slowly
during
the
first
part
of
the
1990s.
Between
1985
 
86
and
1990
 
91,
current
expenditures
per
student
in
average
daily
attendance
grew
14
percent
after
adjustment
for
inflation.
From
1990
 
91
to
1997
 
98,
expenditures
per
student
grew
by
4
percent
In
1997
 
98,
the
estimated
current
expenditure
per
student
in
average
daily
attendance
was
$
6,624
(
table
169).
46
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Total
preprimary
enrollment
Full­
day
enrollment
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Preprimary
Enrollment,
various
years;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
NOTE.
 
Data
for
1994
and
later
years
were
collected
using
new
procedures
and
may
not
be
comparable
with
figures
for
earlier
years.
Figure
7.­
Preprimary
enrollment
of
3­
to
5­
year­
olds,
by
attendance
status:
October
1970
to
October
1997
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Year
Enrollment
in
thousands
47
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Elementary
Secondary
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
School
year
beginning
Current
expenditures,
in
billions
Figure
8.­
Enrollment,
number
of
teachers,
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
and
expenditures
in
public
schools:
1960
 
61
to
1997
 
98
Number
of
teachers
Pupil/
teacher
ratio
In
constant
1997
 
98
dollars
In
current
dollars
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
Total
$
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
School
year
beginning
Teachers,
in
thousands
Pupil/
teacher
ratio
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
10
20
30
40
50
School
year
beginning
Fall
enrollment,
in
millions
48
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Secondary
school
teachers
Elementary
school
teachers
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
Figure
9.
 
Percentage
change
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment,
by
state:
Fall
1992
to
fall
1997
Increase
of
more
than
10
percent
Increase
of
5
to
10
percent
Increase
of
less
than
5
percent
Decrease
WA
MT
ND
OR
ID
WY
SD
UT
CA
NV
CO
KS
NE
AZ
NM
OK
AK
MN
IA
MO
AR
TN
NC
LA
FL
MS
AL
GA
WI
IL
KY
IN
OH
WV
PA
NY
VA
DC
ME
VT
NH
MA
CT
SC
MI
HI
RI
DE
MD
NJ
TX
SOURCE:
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics,
latest
edition
1997­
98.
Copyright
1998
by
the
National
Education
Association.
(
All
rights
reserved.)
$
Percent
change
DC
MD
DE
RI
Figure
10.
 
Average
annual
salary
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
teachers:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
[
In
constant
1997
 
98
dollars]

1969
 
70
1974
 
75
1979
 
80
1984
 
85
1989
 
90
1997­
98
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
School
year
Salary
49
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION
Local
governments
State
governments
Federal
government
Constant
1996
 
97
dollars
Current
dollars
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
$
Figure
11.­
Sources
of
revenue
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1970
 
71
to
1995­
96
1970
 
71
1980
 
81
1990
 
91
0
20
40
60
80
School
year
Percent
of
revenue
Figure
12.­
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1970­
71
to
1997
 
98
1970
 
71
1975
 
76
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1997­
98
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
School
year
Per
pupil
expenditure
1995­
96
50
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
39.
 
Historical
summary
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
statistics:
1869
 
70
to
1995
 
96
Item
1869
 
70
1879
 
80
1889
 
90
1899
 
1900
1909
 
10
1919
 
20
1929
 
30
1939
 
40
1949
 
50
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Population,
pupils,
and
instructional
staff
Total
population,
1
in
thousands
..................
38,558
50,156
62,622
75,995
90,490
104,514
121,878
131,028
149,188
177,830
201,385
224,567
246,819
249,440
260,292
262,761
Population
aged
5
 
17
years,
1
in
thousands
11,683
15,066
18,473
21,573
24,011
27,571
31,414
30,151
30,223
43,881
52,386
48,041
44,947
45,312
48,110
48,911
Percent
of
total
population
5
 
17
.................
30.3
30.0
29.5
28.4
26.5
26.4
25.8
23.0
20.3
24.7
26.0
21.4
18.2
18.2
18.5
18.6
Total
enrollment
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
in
thousands
2
.........
3
7,562
9,867
12,723
15,503
17,814
21,578
25,678
25,434
25,112
36,087
45,550
41,651
40,543
41,217
44,111
44,840
Kindergarten
and
grades
1
 
8,

in
thousands
....................................
3
7,481
9,757
12,520
14,984
16,899
19,378
21,279
18,833
19,387
27,602
32,513
28,034
29,152
29,878
31,898
32,341
Grades
9
 
12,
in
thousands
................
3
80
110
203
519
915
2,200
4,399
6,601
5,725
8,485
13,037
13,616
11,390
11,338
12,213
12,500
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
total
population
3
19.6
19.7
20.3
20.4
19.7
20.6
21.1
19.4
16.8
20.3
22.6
18.5
16.4
16.5
16.9
17.1
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
5
 
to
17­
year­
olds
............................................
3
64.7
65.5
68.9
71.9
74.2
78.3
81.7
84.4
83.1
82.2
87.0
86.7
90.2
91.0
91.7
91.7
Percent
of
total
enrollment
in
high
schools
(
grades
9
 
12
and
postgraduate)
............
3
1.1
1.1
1.6
3.3
5.1
10.2
17.1
26.0
22.8
23.5
28.6
32.7
28.1
27.5
27.7
27.9
High
school
graduates,
in
thousands
.........
 
 
22
62
111
231
592
1,143
1,063
1,627
2,589
2,748
2,320
2,235
2,274
2,281
Average
daily
attendance,
in
thousands
.....
4,077
6,144
8,154
10,633
12,827
16,150
21,265
22,042
22,284
32,477
41,934
38,289
37,799
38,427
40,721
41,502
Total
number
of
days
attended
by
pupils
enrolled,
in
millions
.................................
539
801
1,098
1,535
2,011
2,615
3,673
3,858
3,964
5,782
7,501
4
6,835
 
 
 
 
Percent
of
enrolled
pupils
attending
daily
...
59.3
62.3
64.1
68.6
72.1
74.8
82.8
86.7
88.7
90.0
90.4
4
90.1
 
 
 
 
Average
length
of
school
term,
in
days
......
132.2
130.3
134.7
144.3
157.5
161.9
172.7
175.0
177.9
178.0
178.9
4
178.5
 
179.8
 
 
Average
number
of
days
attended
per
pupil
.........................................................
78.4
81.1
86.3
99.0
113
121.2
143
151.7
157.9
160.2
161.7
4
160.8
 
 
 
 
Total
instructional
staff,
in
thousands
.........
 
 
 
 
 
678
880
912
963
1,457
2,286
2,406
2,986
3,051
3,281
3,352
Supervisors,
in
thousands
......................
 
 
 
 
 
7
7
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principals,
in
thousands
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
14
31
32
43
64
91
106
126
127
120
121
Teachers,
librarians,
and
other
nonsupervisory
instructional
staff,
5
in
thousands
.........................................
201
287
364
423
523
657
843
875
920
1,393
2,195
2,300
2,860
2,924
3,161
3,231
Men,
in
thousands
..............................
78
123
126
127
110
93
140
195
196
4
404
4
711
4782
 
 
 
 
Women,
in
thousands
.........................
123
164
238
296
413
585
703
681
724
4
989
4
1,484
4
1,518
 
 
 
 
Percent
men
.......................................
38.7
42.8
34.5
29.9
21.1
14.1
16.6
22.2
21.3
4
29.0
4
32.4
4
34.0
 
 
 
 
Amounts
in
millions
of
current
dollars
Revenues
and
expenditures
Total
revenue
receipts
................................
 
 
$
143
$
220
$
433
$
970
$
2,089
$
2,261
$
5,437
$
14,747
$
40,267
$
96,881
$
208,548
$
223,341
$
273,149
$
287,703
Federal
government
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
2
7
40
156
652
3,220
9,504
12,701
13,776
18,582
19,104
State
governments
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
160
354
684
2,166
5,768
16,063
45,349
98,239
105,325
127,730
136,671
Local
sources,
including
intermediate
....
 
 
 
 
 
808
1,728
1,536
3,116
8,327
20,985
42,029
97,608
104,240
126,838
131,928
Percent
distribution
of
revenue
receipts
Federal
government
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
0.3
0.4
1.8
2.9
4.4
8.0
9.8
6.1
6.2
6.8
6.6
State
governments
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
16.5
16.9
30.3
39.8
39.1
39.9
46.8
47.1
47.2
46.8
47.5
Local
sources,
including
intermediate
....
 
 
 
 
 
83.2
82.7
68.0
57.3
56.5
52.1
43.4
46.8
46.7
46.4
45.9
Total
expenditures
for
public
schools
.........
$
63
$
78
$
141
$
215
$
426
$
1,036
$
2,317
$
2,344
$
5,838
$
15,613
$
40,683
$
95,962
$
212,770
$
229,430
$
279,000
$
293,611
Current
expenditures
6
............................
 
 
114
180
356
861
1,844
1,942
4,687
7
12,329
7
34,218
7
86,984
7
188,229
7
202,038
7
243,878
7
255,080
Capital
outlay
8
.......................................
 
 
26
35
70
154
371
258
1,014
2,662
4,659
6,506
17,781
19,771
24,456
27,548
Interest
on
school
debt
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
18
93
131
101
490
1,171
1,874
3,776
4,325
5,518
6,259
Other
current
expenditures
9
..................
 
 
 
 
 
3
10
13
36
133
636
10
598
2,983
3,296
5,149
4,725
Percent
distribution
of
total
expenditures
Current
expenditures
6
............................
 
 
81.3
83.5
83.6
83.1
79.6
82.8
80.3
7
79.0
7
84.1
7
90.6
7
88.5
7
88.1
7
87.4
7
86.9
Capital
outlay
8
.......................................
 
 
18.7
16.5
16.4
14.8
16.0
11.0
17.4
17.0
11.5
6.8
8.4
8.6
8.8
9.4
Interest
on
school
debt
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
1.8
4.0
5.6
1.7
3.1
2.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
Other
current
expenditures
9
..................
 
 
 
 
 
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
1.6
10
0.6
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.6
51
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
39.
 
Historical
summary
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
statistics:
1869
 
70
to
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Item
1869
 
70
1879
 
80
1889
 
90
1899
 
1900
1909
 
10
1919
 
20
1929
 
30
1939
 
40
1949
 
50
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Amounts
in
current
dollars
Annual
salary
of
instructional
staff11
...........
$
189
$
195
$
252
$
325
$
485
$
871
$
1,420
$
1,441
$
3,010
$
5,174
$
9,047
12
$
16,715
12
$
32,638
12
$
34,401
12
$
38,441
12
$
39,451
Personal
income
per
member
of
labor
force
1
.....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,732
1,318
3,391
5,769
9,653
19,586
36,337
38,177
44,193
46,490
Total
school
expenditures
per
capita
of
total
population
........................................
1.59
1.56
2.23
2.83
4.71
9.91
19.01
17.89
39
88
202
427
862
920
1,072
1,117
National
income
1
per
capita
.......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
710
556
1,456
2,328
3,999
9,256
17,816
18,650
21,479
22,501
Current
expenditure
6,13
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
14
..................................................
 
 
13.99
16.67
27.85
53.32
86.70
88.09
210
375
816
2,272
4,980
5,258
5,989
6,146
Total
expenditure
15
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
......
15.55
12.71
17.23
20.21
33.23
64.16
108.49
105.74
260
471
955
2,491
5,550
5,885
6,725
6,961
National
income
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
............
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,068
3,303
9,747
12,744
19,206
54,285
116,333
121,065
137,294
142,460
Current
expenditure
per
day
16
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
6
...................................................
 
 
0.10
0.12
0.18
0.33
0.50
0.50
1.17
2.11
4.56
12.73
 
 
 
 
Total
expenditure
per
day
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
.....................................................
0.12
0.10
0.13
0.14
0.21
0.40
0.63
0.60
1.46
2.65
5.34
13.95
 
 
 
 
Amounts
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
Annual
salary
of
instructional
staff
11
..........
 
 
 
 
 
$
7,061
$
12,817
$
15,931
$
19,636
$
27,206
$
37,002
12
$
33,265
12
$
39,713
12
$
39,688
12
$
39,487
12
$
39,451
Personal
income
per
member
of
labor
force
1
.....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
15,637
14,572
22,120
30,333
39,480
38,979
44,214
44,045
45,396
46,490
Total
school
expenditures
per
capita
of
total
population
........................................
 
 
 
 
 
80
172
198
255
462
826
850
1,049
1,061
1,101
1,117
National
income
1
per
capita
.......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,406
6,142
9,498
12,238
16,357
18,420
21,678
21,517
22,063
22,501
Current
expenditure
6,13
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
14
..................................................
 
 
 
 
 
432
783
974
1,370
1,973
3,337
4,521
6,059
6,066
6,152
6,146
Total
expenditure15
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
.......
 
 
 
 
 
520
979
1,169
1,699
2,477
3,906
4,957
6,753
6,789
6,908
6,961
National
income
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
............
 
 
 
 
 
 
36,716
36,514
63,586
67,012
78,554
108,034
141,551
139,672
141,029
142,460
Current
expenditure
per
day
16
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
6
....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
2.68
4.51
5.53
7.63
11.09
18.65
25.33
 
 
 
 
Total
expenditure
per
day
per
pupil
in
A.
D.
A.
.....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
2.81
4.93
5.75
8.26
12.08
18.93
24.06
 
 
 
 
1
Data
on
population
and
labor
force
are
from
the
Bureau
of
the
Census,
and
data
on
personal
income
and
national
income
are
from
the
Bureau
of
Economic
Analysis,
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce.
Population
data
through
1900
are
based
on
total
population
from
the
decennial
census.
From
1909
 
10
to
1959
 
60,
population
data
are
total
population,

including
armed
forces
overseas,
as
of
July
1.
Data
for
later
years
are
for
resident
population
that
excludes
armed
forces
overseas.

2
Data
for
1869
 
70
through
1959
 
60
are
school
year
enrollment.
Data
for
later
years
are
fall
enrollment.

3
Data
for
1870
 
71.

4
Estimated
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.

5
Prior
to
1919
 
20,
data
are
for
the
number
of
different
persons
employed
rather
than
number
of
positions.

6
Prior
to
1919
 
20,
includes
interest
on
school
debt.

7
Because
of
the
modification
of
the
scope
of
``
current
expenditures
for
elementary
and
secondary
schools,''
data
for
1959
 
60
and
later
years
are
not
entirely
comparable
with
prior
years.

8
Beginning
in
1969
 
70,
includes
capital
outlay
by
state
and
local
school
building
authorities.

9
Includes
summer
schools,
community
colleges,
and
adult
education.
Beginning
in
1959
 
60,
also
includes
community
services,
formerly
classified
with
``
current
expenditures
for
elementary
and
secondary
schools.''

10
Excludes
community
colleges
and
adult
education.

11
Average
includes
supervisors,
principals,
teachers,
and
other
nonsupervisory
instructional
staff.
12
Estimated
by
the
National
Education
Association.

13
Excludes
current
expenditures
not
allocable
to
pupil
costs.

14
''
ADA''
means
average
daily
attendance
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools.

15
Expenditure
figure
is
the
sum
of
current
expenditures
allocable
to
pupil
costs,
capital
outlay,
and
interest
on
school
debt.

16
Per­
day
rates
derived
by
dividing
annual
rates
by
average
length
of
term.

 
Data
not
collected.

NOTE.
 
Kindergarten
enrollment
includes
a
relatively
small
number
of
nursery
school
pupils.
Because
of
rounding,

details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Beginning
in
1959
 
60,
data
include
Alaska
and
Hawaii.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;

Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education,
FY
1980;
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys;
and
Council
of
Economic
Advisers,
Economic
Report
of
the
President.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
52
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
40.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level
and
state:
Fall
1982
to
fall
1997
State
or
other
area
Fall
1982
Fall
1983
Fall
1984
Fall
1985
Fall
1986
Fall
1987
Fall
1988
Fall
1989
Fall
1990
Fall
1991
Fall
1992
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
....................
39,565,610
39,252,308
39,208,252
39,421,961
39,753,172
40,008,213
40,188,690
40,542,707
41,216,683
42,046,878
42,823,312
Alabama
................................
724,037
721,901
712,586
730,460
733,735
729,234
724,751
723,743
721,806
722,004
731,634
Alaska
3
..................................
89,413
98,206
104,599
107,345
107,848
106,869
106,481
109,280
113,903
118,680
122,487
Arizona
..................................
510,296
506,682
530,062
548,252
534,538
572,421
574,890
607,615
639,853
656,980
673,477
Arkansas
................................
432,565
432,120
432,668
433,410
437,438
437,036
436,387
434,960
436,286
438,518
441,490
California
...............................
4,065,486
4,089,017
4,151,110
4,255,554
4,377,989
4,488,398
4,618,120
4,771,978
4,950,474
5,107,145
5,254,844
Colorado
................................
545,209
542,196
545,427
550,642
558,415
560,236
560,081
562,755
574,213
593,030
612,635
Connecticut
5
.........................
486,470
477,585
468,145
462,026
468,847
465,465
460,637
461,560
469,123
481,050
488,476
Delaware
...............................
92,646
91,406
91,767
92,901
94,410
95,659
96,678
97,808
99,658
102,196
104,321
District
of
Columbia
...............
91,105
88,843
87,397
87,092
85,612
86,435
84,792
81,301
80,694
80,618
80,937
Florida
....................................
1,484,734
1,495,543
1,524,107
1,562,283
1,607,320
1,664,774
1,720,930
1,789,925
1,861,592
1,932,131
1,981,407
Georgia
..................................
1,053,689
1,050,859
1,062,315
1,079,594
1,096,425
1,110,947
1,107,994
1,126,535
1,151,687
1,177,569
1,207,186
Hawaii
....................................
162,024
162,241
163,860
164,169
164,640
166,160
167,488
169,493
171,708
174,747
177,448
Idaho
......................................
202,973
206,352
208,080
208,669
208,391
212,444
214,615
214,932
220,840
225,680
231,668
Illinois
.....................................
1,880,289
1,853,316
1,834,355
1,826,478
1,825,185
1,811,446
1,794,916
1,797,355
1,821,407
1,848,166
1,873,567
Indiana
...................................
999,542
984,384
972,659
966,106
966,780
964,129
960,994
954,165
954,525
956,988
960,630
Iowa
.......................................
504,983
497,287
491,011
485,332
481,286
480,826
478,200
478,486
483,652
491,363
494,839
Kansas
...................................
407,074
405,222
405,347
410,229
416,091
421,112
426,596
430,864
437,034
445,390
451,536
Kentucky
................................
651,084
647,414
644,421
643,833
642,778
642,696
637,627
630,688
636,401
646,024
655,041
Louisiana
...............................
784,027
800,193
800,941
788,349
795,188
793,093
786,683
783,025
784,757
794,128
797,985
Maine
.....................................
211,986
209,753
207,537
206,101
211,752
211,817
212,902
213,775
215,149
216,400
216,453
Maryland
................................
699,201
683,491
673,840
671,560
675,747
683,797
688,947
698,806
715,176
736,238
751,850
Massachusetts
.......................
908,984
878,844
859,391
844,330
833,918
825,320
823,428
825,588
834,314
846,155
859,948
Michigan
................................
1,674,697
1,635,963
1,609,448
1,602,747
1,597,154
1,589,287
1,582,785
1,576,785
1,584,431
1,593,561
1,603,610
Minnesota
..............................
715,190
705,236
701,697
705,140
711,134
721,481
726,950
739,553
756,374
773,571
793,724
Mississippi
.............................
468,294
467,744
466,058
471,195
498,639
505,550
503,326
502,020
502,417
504,127
506,668
Missouri
.................................
802,535
795,453
793,793
795,107
800,606
802,060
806,639
807,934
816,558
842,965
859,357
Montana
.................................
152,335
153,646
154,412
153,869
153,327
152,207
152,191
151,265
152,974
155,779
160,011
Nebraska
...............................
269,009
266,998
265,599
265,819
267,139
268,100
269,434
270,920
274,081
279,552
282,414
Nevada
..................................
151,104
150,442
151,633
154,948
161,239
168,353
176,474
186,834
201,316
211,810
222,974
New
Hampshire
.....................
160,197
159,030
158,614
160,974
163,717
166,045
169,413
171,696
172,785
177,138
181,247
New
Jersey
............................
1,172,520
1,147,841
1,129,223
1,116,194
1,107,467
1,092,982
1,080,871
1,076,005
1,089,646
1,109,796
1,130,560
New
Mexico
...........................
268,632
269,711
272,478
277,551
281,943
287,229
292,425
296,057
301,881
308,667
315,668
New
York
...............................
2,718,678
2,674,818
2,645,811
2,621,378
2,607,719
2,594,070
2,573,715
2,565,841
2,598,337
2,643,993
2,689,686
North
Carolina
.......................
1,096,815
1,089,606
1,088,724
1,086,165
1,085,248
1,085,976
1,083,156
1,080,744
1,086,871
1,097,598
1,114,083
North
Dakota
.........................
117,078
117,213
118,711
118,570
118,703
119,004
118,809
117,816
117,825
118,376
118,734
Ohio
.......................................
1,860,245
1,827,300
1,805,440
1,793,965
1,793,508
1,793,431
1,778,544
1,764,410
1,771,089
1,783,767
1,795,199
Oklahoma
..............................
593,825
591,389
589,690
592,327
593,183
584,212
580,426
578,580
579,087
588,263
597,096
Oregon
...................................
448,184
447,109
446,884
447,527
449,307
455,895
461,752
472,394
472,394
498,614
510,122
Pennsylvania
.........................
1,783,969
1,737,952
1,701,880
1,683,221
1,674,161
1,668,542
1,659,714
1,655,279
1,667,834
1,692,797
1,717,613
Rhode
Island
.........................
139,959
136,412
134,610
133,949
134,690
134,800
133,585
135,729
138,813
142,144
143,798
South
Carolina
.......................
608,518
604,553
602,718
606,643
611,629
614,921
615,774
616,177
622,112
627,470
640,464
South
Dakota
.........................
123,897
123,060
123,314
124,291
125,458
126,817
126,910
127,329
129,164
131,576
134,573
Tennessee
.............................
828,264
822,057
817,212
813,753
818,073
823,783
821,580
819,660
824,595
833,651
855,231
Texas
.....................................
2,985,659
2,989,796
3,040,305
3,131,705
3,209,515
3,236,787
3,283,707
3,328,514
3,382,887
3,464,371
3,541,769
Utah
.......................................
370,183
378,208
390,141
403,305
415,994
423,386
431,119
438,554
446,652
456,430
463,870
Vermont
.................................
91,454
90,416
90,089
90,157
92,112
92,755
93,381
94,779
95,762
97,137
98,558
Virginia
...................................
975,727
966,110
965,222
968,104
975,135
979,417
982,393
985,346
998,601
1,016,204
1,031,925
Washington
............................
739,215
736,239
741,177
749,706
761,428
775,755
790,918
810,232
839,709
869,327
896,475
West
Virginia
.........................
375,115
371,251
362,941
357,923
351,837
344,236
335,912
327,540
322,389
320,249
318,296
Wisconsin
..............................
784,830
774,646
767,542
768,234
767,819
772,363
774,857
782,905
797,621
814,671
829,415
Wyoming
................................
101,665
99,254
101,261
102,779
100,955
98,455
97,793
97,172
98,226
102,074
100,313
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
...................
 
10,124
 
 
11,055
11,248
11,764
12,258
12,463
13,365
13,994
Guam
.....................................
25,676
26,249
 
26,043
25,676
25,936
26,041
26,493
26,391
28,334
30,077
Northern
Marianas
.................
 
4,499
4,841
 
 
5,819
6,079
6,101
6,449
7,096
8,086
Puerto
Rico
............................
708,794
701,925
692,923
686,914
679,489
672,837
661,693
651,225
644,734
642,392
637,034
Virgin
Islands
.........................
25,699
26,126
26,122
25,448
24,435
24,020
23,492
21,193
21,750
22,346
22,887
53
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
40.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level
and
state:
Fall
1982
to
fall
1997
 
Continued
State
or
other
area
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
Estimated
fall
1997
1
Total
Total
Kindergarten
through
grade
8
2
Grades
9
to
12
Total
Kindergarten
through
grade
8
2
Grades
9
to
12
Total
Kindergarten
through
grade
8
2
Grades
9
to
12
Total
1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
United
States
..............
43,464,916
44,111,482
31,898,249
12,213,233
44,840,481
32,340,501
12,499,980
45,592,213
32,758,548
12,833,665
45,953,018
Alabama
..........................
734,288
736,531
535,246
201,285
746,149
539,309
206,840
748,156
540,176
207,980
738,473
Alaska
3
...........................
125,948
127,057
93,719
33,338
127,618
93,434
34,184
129,919
94,362
35,557
132,258
Arizona
............................
709,453
737,424
542,904
194,520
743,566
548,526
195,040
799,250
588,409
210,841
4
859,104
Arkansas
.........................
444,271
447,565
319,282
128,283
453,257
322,440
130,817
457,349
324,448
132,901
4
461,478
California
.........................
5,327,231
5,407,475
3,955,868
1,451,607
5,536,406
4,041,224
1,495,182
5,687,901
4,131,084
1,556,817
5,640,269
Colorado
..........................
625,062
640,521
469,755
170,766
656,279
478,881
177,398
673,438
487,304
186,134
688,438
Connecticut
5
...................
496,298
506,824
375,638
131,186
517,935
384,274
133,661
527,129
389,374
137,755
535,000
Delaware
.........................
105,547
106,813
76,819
29,994
108,461
77,028
31,433
110,549
77,981
32,568
6
111,960
District
of
Columbia
.........
80,678
80,450
62,126
18,324
79,802
61,836
17,966
78,648
61,138
17,510
4
77,511
Florida
.............................
2,040,763
2,111,188
1,569,666
541,522
2,176,222
1,613,510
562,712
2,242,212
1,653,162
589,050
6
2,291,681
Georgia
............................
1,235,304
1,270,948
934,650
336,298
1,311,126
965,707
345,419
1,346,761
990,850
355,911
1,375,918
Hawaii
..............................
180,410
183,795
133,675
50,120
187,180
135,671
51,509
187,653
136,184
51,469
6
189,281
Idaho
...............................
236,774
240,448
168,887
71,561
243,097
169,556
73,541
245,252
169,419
75,833
250,300
Illinois
..............................
1,893,078
1,916,172
1,368,041
548,131
1,943,623
1,390,475
553,148
1,973,040
1,412,176
560,864
2,000,550
Indiana
.............................
965,633
969,022
678,970
290,052
977,263
684,348
292,915
983,415
689,578
293,837
988,750
Iowa
.................................
498,519
500,440
345,865
154,575
502,343
343,997
158,346
502,941
341,630
161,311
503,540
Kansas
............................
457,614
460,838
329,211
131,627
463,008
328,701
134,307
466,293
328,023
138,270
469,740
Kentucky
..........................
655,265
657,642
467,005
190,637
659,821
468,242
191,579
656,089
466,177
189,912
639,579
Louisiana
.........................
800,560
797,933
583,892
214,041
797,366
580,348
217,018
793,296
575,318
217,978
6
780,758
Maine
...............................
216,995
212,601
155,903
56,698
213,569
156,016
57,553
213,593
155,611
57,982
217,081
Maryland
..........................
772,638
790,938
580,903
210,035
805,544
590,155
215,389
818,583
596,643
221,940
833,489
Massachusetts
................
877,726
893,727
658,507
235,220
915,007
674,588
240,419
933,898
687,693
246,205
954,335
Michigan
..........................
1,599,377
1,614,784
1,170,251
444,533
1,641,456
1,191,671
449,785
1,684,386
1,221,755
462,631
1,728,500
Minnesota
........................
810,233
821,693
581,426
240,267
835,166
586,080
249,086
847,204
588,752
258,452
845,700
Mississippi
.......................
505,907
505,962
366,846
139,116
506,272
366,186
140,086
503,967
363,864
140,103
504,995
Missouri
...........................
866,378
878,541
628,286
250,255
889,881
635,771
254,110
900,042
643,053
256,989
4
910,319
Montana
..........................
163,009
164,341
116,748
47,593
165,547
116,403
49,144
164,627
114,672
49,955
163,999
Nebraska
.........................
285,097
287,100
203,055
84,045
289,744
203,022
86,722
291,967
202,846
89,121
292,681
Nevada
............................
235,800
250,747
185,336
65,411
265,041
195,892
69,149
282,131
207,724
74,407
6
296,621
New
Hampshire
...............
185,360
189,319
138,851
50,468
194,171
141,721
52,450
198,308
143,880
54,428
6
196,647
New
Jersey
.....................
1,151,307
1,174,206
862,331
311,875
1,197,381
880,350
317,031
4
1,208,179
4
884,389
4
323,790
4
1,231,059
New
Mexico
.....................
322,292
327,248
229,168
98,080
329,640
229,239
100,401
332,632
230,012
102,620
6
316,754
New
York
.........................
2,733,813
2,766,208
1,949,245
816,963
2,813,230
1,980,208
833,022
2,843,131
2,000,001
843,130
2,831,900
North
Carolina
.................
1,133,231
1,156,767
847,463
309,304
1,183,090
871,320
311,770
1,210,108
886,153
323,955
6
1,226,293
North
Dakota
...................
119,127
119,288
83,419
35,869
119,100
82,333
36,767
120,123
82,171
37,952
116,813
Ohio
.................................
1,807,319
1,814,290
1,295,289
519,001
1,836,015
1,297,313
538,702
1,844,389
1,298,719
545,670
1,845,000
Oklahoma
........................
604,076
609,718
442,607
167,111
616,393
445,780
170,613
620,695
445,496
175,199
625,011
Oregon
............................
516,611
521,945
371,967
149,978
527,914
375,966
151,948
537,854
380,239
157,615
6
540,584
Pennsylvania
...................
1,744,082
1,764,946
1,243,983
520,963
1,787,533
1,256,621
530,912
1,804,256
1,263,576
540,680
1,812,880
Rhode
Island
...................
145,676
147,487
107,913
39,574
149,799
109,815
39,984
151,324
110,476
40,848
152,042
South
Carolina
................
643,696
648,725
468,850
179,875
645,586
463,305
182,281
653,011
467,885
185,126
647,430
South
Dakota
..................
142,825
143,482
101,805
41,677
144,685
101,491
43,194
143,331
99,160
44,171
141,390
Tennessee
.......................
866,557
881,425
640,604
240,821
893,770
650,601
243,169
905,089
657,541
247,548
905,860
Texas
...............................
3,608,262
3,677,171
2,720,623
956,548
3,748,167
2,757,273
990,894
3,828,975
2,800,017
1,028,958
3,905,256
Utah
.................................
471,365
474,675
328,482
146,193
477,121
327,790
149,331
481,812
327,981
153,831
479,150
Vermont
...........................
102,755
104,533
75,590
28,943
105,565
75,227
30,338
106,341
76,076
30,265
105,687
Virginia
............................
1,045,471
1,060,809
774,319
286,490
1,079,854
787,945
291,909
1,096,093
796,302
299,791
6
1,110,815
Washington
.....................
915,952
938,314
673,107
265,207
956,572
680,009
276,563
974,504
687,445
287,059
6
991,235
West
Virginia
...................
314,383
310,511
212,808
97,703
307,112
211,008
96,104
304,052
208,970
95,082
6
300,737
Wisconsin
........................
844,001
860,581
601,215
259,366
870,175
602,964
267,211
879,259
605,322
273,937
891,588
Wyoming
.........................
100,899
100,314
70,130
30,184
99,859
68,931
30,928
99,058
67,331
31,727
6
96,579
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
14,484
14,445
11,054
3,391
14,576
11,207
3,369
14,766
11,346
3,420
6
15,220
Guam
...............................
30,920
32,185
24,189
7,996
32,960
24,877
8,083
33,393
25,217
8,176
32,923
Northern
Marianas
..........
8,188
8,429
6,559
1,870
8,809
6,825
1,984
9,041
7,077
1,964
6
9,246
Puerto
Rico
.....................
631,460
621,121
455,653
165,468
627,620
460,585
167,035
618,861
454,132
164,729
617,157
Virgin
Islands
...................
22,752
23,126
16,659
6,467
22,737
16,342
6,395
22,385
15,703
6,682
21,714
1
Data
estimated
by
state
education
agencies.
2
Includes
a
number
of
prekindergarten
students.
3
Beginning
in
1983,
data
include
students
enrolled
in
public
schools
on
federal
bases
and
other
special
arrangements.
4
Data
imputed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
based
on
previous
year's
data.
5
Beginning
in
1986,
data
include
state
vocational/
technical
schools.
6
Actual
data.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
54
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
41.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade
and
state:
Fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Total,
all
levels
Prekindergarten
through
grade
8
and
elementary
unclassified
Total
Prekindergarten
1
Kindergarten
Grade
1
Grade
2
Grade
3
Grade
4
Grade
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
........
45,592,213
32,758,548
673,581
3,534,098
3,768,600
3,595,878
3,517,594
3,446,576
3,447,099
Alabama
....................
748,156
540,176
2
9,857
60,949
63,665
58,683
57,435
57,098
56,550
Alaska
........................
129,919
94,362
2,186
10,451
10,670
10,453
10,361
10,055
10,268
Arizona
......................
799,250
588,409
4,495
64,613
70,180
65,505
64,627
62,793
63,375
Arkansas
...................
457,349
324,448
1,980
36,442
37,370
35,236
34,021
33,855
34,270
California
...................
5,687,901
4,131,084
2
74,936
469,965
491,159
463,864
452,225
435,217
427,682
Colorado
....................
673,438
487,304
12,520
50,707
54,565
52,947
52,377
52,524
53,400
Connecticut
...............
527,129
389,374
9,147
43,213
46,391
44,172
43,092
41,969
41,354
Delaware
...................
110,549
77,981
597
8,002
8,831
8,480
8,752
8,329
8,618
District
of
Columbia
...
78,648
61,138
5,044
7,469
7,912
7,114
6,271
5,442
5,332
Florida
.......................
2,242,212
1,653,162
53,979
176,512
185,614
181,795
178,378
175,240
175,623
Georgia
......................
1,346,761
990,850
25,522
112,385
114,978
110,641
107,050
105,333
104,059
Hawaii
........................
187,653
136,184
694
16,129
16,683
15,789
15,104
14,864
14,455
Idaho
.........................
245,252
169,419
1,689
17,562
18,805
18,262
18,366
18,085
17,950
Illinois
........................
1,973,040
1,412,176
50,857
152,268
162,304
154,385
151,499
145,919
146,745
Indiana
.......................
983,415
689,578
5,263
74,803
82,221
77,275
75,069
72,250
72,737
Iowa
...........................
502,941
341,630
5,042
37,101
36,614
35,706
35,004
34,918
36,450
Kansas
......................
466,293
328,023
3,723
32,890
36,285
34,777
35,003
35,077
36,134
Kentucky
....................
656,089
466,177
19,428
46,450
48,209
47,697
54,703
47,018
46,850
Louisiana
...................
793,296
575,318
20,066
61,170
64,136
59,025
58,244
59,082
59,815
Maine
.........................
213,593
155,611
828
15,864
17,116
16,601
16,826
16,621
17,421
Maryland
....................
818,583
596,643
19,639
61,856
68,645
66,645
64,728
63,693
62,178
Massachusetts
..........
933,898
687,693
15,695
76,519
81,375
77,953
75,468
73,659
72,121
Michigan
....................
1,684,386
1,221,755
16,510
137,978
140,553
130,494
124,399
123,233
122,404
Minnesota
..................
847,204
588,752
8,902
62,383
64,508
63,465
63,203
63,024
65,090
Mississippi
.................
503,967
363,864
1,052
39,459
43,401
39,406
38,145
37,315
37,795
Missouri
.....................
900,042
643,053
16,099
69,239
70,822
69,002
67,308
67,529
68,653
Montana
....................
164,627
114,672
500
11,757
12,706
11,916
12,317
12,479
12,968
Nebraska
...................
291,967
202,846
4,104
21,874
22,224
21,443
21,158
21,440
22,120
Nevada
......................
282,131
207,724
1,868
22,875
25,398
24,090
23,154
22,597
22,570
New
Hampshire
.........
198,308
143,880
1,535
8,569
18,322
16,744
16,620
16,643
16,367
New
Jersey
3
.............
1,208,179
884,389
10,127
93,772
104,405
97,608
92,629
88,378
86,801
New
Mexico
...............
332,632
230,012
3,894
24,324
26,283
25,132
24,163
25,029
23,933
New
York
...................
2,843,131
2,000,001
31,566
210,795
235,237
223,231
214,604
205,572
200,936
North
Carolina
...........
1,210,108
886,153
8,535
102,435
105,756
102,288
98,400
94,840
93,888
North
Dakota
.............
120,123
82,171
619
8,464
8,788
8,702
8,698
8,736
9,170
Ohio
...........................
1,844,389
1,298,719
21,317
140,222
149,371
142,259
139,219
137,711
139,054
Oklahoma
..................
620,695
445,496
4,600
50,387
54,554
47,182
46,451
46,526
47,647
Oregon
......................
537,854
380,239
878
39,829
42,819
42,299
41,405
41,373
42,301
Pennsylvania
.............
1,804,256
1,263,576
3,005
133,608
147,895
139,897
138,776
136,710
138,106
Rhode
Island
.............
151,324
110,476
666
11,366
13,177
12,390
12,136
11,829
11,518
South
Carolina
...........
653,011
467,885
2
8,603
47,374
49,497
53,547
51,849
50,598
51,214
South
Dakota
............
143,331
99,160
1,192
10,284
10,625
10,454
10,264
10,668
10,905
Tennessee
.................
905,089
657,541
2
11,924
74,529
77,450
71,962
69,451
67,330
68,002
Texas
.........................
3,828,975
2,800,017
133,303
285,002
312,533
299,334
295,300
294,431
294,703
Utah
...........................
481,812
327,981
3,784
34,882
35,848
34,914
35,088
34,227
34,890
Vermont
.....................
106,341
76,076
2,318
7,530
8,256
8,255
8,060
8,152
8,319
Virginia
......................
1,096,093
796,302
3,917
86,542
91,234
87,710
83,443
82,571
82,768
Washington
...............
974,504
687,445
5,353
73,577
78,077
76,008
74,718
74,697
75,883
West
Virginia
.............
304,052
208,970
4,433
22,485
23,092
22,233
21,615
21,944
22,224
Wisconsin
..................
879,259
605,322
19,790
62,455
64,925
63,921
63,286
64,670
65,943
Wyoming
...................
99,058
67,331
 
6,782
7,116
6,987
7,132
7,283
7,540
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
14,766
11,346
1,494
1,136
1,210
1,181
1,115
1,174
1,079
Guam
.........................
33,393
25,217
453
3,022
3,162
3,038
2,846
2,762
2,713
Northern
Marianas
....
9,041
7,077
590
692
872
771
810
784
679
Puerto
Rico
...............
618,861
454,132
373
42,399
54,821
51,137
49,959
49,998
49,308
Virgin
Islands
.............
22,385
15,703
 
1,626
1,760
1,559
1,594
1,691
1,646
55
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
41.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade
and
state:
Fall
1996
 
Continued
State
or
other
area
Prekindergarten
through
grade
8
and
elementary
unclassified
Grades
9
through
12
and
secondary
unclassified
Grade
6
Grade
7
Grade
8
Elementary
unclassified
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Secondary
unclassified
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
United
States
........
3,486,295
3,456,871
3,398,117
433,839
12,833,665
3,792,818
3,316,015
2,925,139
2,581,941
217,752
Alabama
....................
57,332
60,302
58,305
 
207,980
64,205
52,848
48,417
42,510
 
Alaska
........................
10,176
10,115
9,627
 
35,557
10,621
9,426
8,140
7,370
 
Arizona
......................
62,791
62,140
60,514
7,376
210,841
64,566
56,109
47,573
42,041
552
Arkansas
...................
35,288
36,779
37,064
2,143
132,901
37,160
35,335
31,889
27,613
904
California
...................
423,701
416,268
406,456
69,611
1,556,817
450,820
413,725
362,404
298,669
31,199
Colorado
....................
52,942
52,486
52,269
567
186,134
55,219
49,058
44,244
37,179
434
Connecticut
...............
40,511
39,816
37,991
1,718
137,755
41,003
35,800
32,068
28,882
2
Delaware
...................
8,610
8,942
8,820
 
32,568
10,057
8,956
7,108
6,447
 
District
of
Columbia
...
4,742
4,875
4,625
2,312
17,510
4,951
4,554
3,694
3,042
1,269
Florida
.......................
179,951
176,413
169,657
 
589,050
193,153
161,606
128,822
105,469
 
Georgia
......................
104,926
103,601
102,355
 
355,911
119,617
92,630
78,137
65,527
 
Hawaii
........................
14,612
14,016
13,786
52
51,469
16,265
13,265
11,431
10,466
42
Idaho
.........................
18,806
19,896
19,998
 
75,833
21,023
19,458
18,277
17,075
 
Illinois
........................
157,949
146,397
141,348
2,505
560,864
157,259
145,471
132,762
123,783
1,589
Indiana
.......................
74,331
76,300
76,573
2,756
293,837
83,587
75,447
69,453
62,923
2,427
Iowa
...........................
37,604
37,890
38,801
6,500
161,311
40,892
40,277
38,093
35,650
6,399
Kansas
......................
37,046
36,890
37,164
3,034
138,270
39,108
36,064
32,702
29,244
1,152
Kentucky
....................
48,695
49,675
49,641
7,811
189,912
55,989
48,867
43,346
38,460
3,250
Louisiana
...................
61,493
61,343
57,344
13,600
217,978
68,328
54,975
47,525
41,759
5,391
Maine
.........................
17,512
17,481
17,124
2,217
57,982
15,849
15,010
13,562
12,851
710
Maryland
....................
61,962
61,268
59,236
6,793
221,940
65,307
56,261
49,695
44,232
6,445
Massachusetts
..........
71,768
69,867
67,029
6,239
246,205
70,811
64,182
58,643
52,569
 
Michigan
....................
124,160
121,529
118,292
62,203
462,631
130,936
114,485
102,613
90,348
24,249
Minnesota
..................
66,003
66,293
65,881
 
258,452
68,569
66,904
62,566
60,413
 
Mississippi
.................
38,102
40,558
38,879
9,752
140,103
43,295
35,243
29,357
25,711
6,497
Missouri
.....................
69,619
68,903
69,187
6,692
256,989
72,441
67,015
60,653
54,437
2,443
Montana
....................
13,164
13,307
13,183
375
49,955
13,957
13,013
11,826
11,018
141
Nebraska
...................
22,548
23,023
22,912
 
89,121
24,047
23,790
21,498
19,786
 
Nevada
......................
22,064
21,432
21,041
635
74,407
21,162
19,999
17,912
15,316
18
New
Hampshire
.........
16,626
15,955
15,738
761
54,428
15,999
14,321
12,875
11,158
75
New
Jersey
3
.............
86,348
84,287
82,628
57,406
323,790
86,418
77,521
72,807
67,781
19,263
New
Mexico
...............
25,474
25,763
26,017
 
102,620
29,906
25,242
21,061
17,073
9,338
New
York
...................
200,565
200,259
196,724
80,512
843,130
241,927
206,802
173,915
146,738
73,748
North
Carolina
...........
94,929
93,141
91,793
148
323,955
105,771
85,120
71,471
61,593
 
North
Dakota
.............
9,352
9,699
9,943
 
37,952
10,230
9,785
9,251
8,686
 
Ohio
...........................
141,355
139,994
140,245
7,972
545,670
160,479
140,454
127,673
117,064
 
Oklahoma
..................
48,635
48,856
49,065
1,593
175,199
51,709
45,970
40,757
36,113
650
Oregon
......................
42,643
42,215
42,862
1,615
157,615
44,713
40,751
36,762
34,794
595
Pennsylvania
.............
136,933
136,632
136,746
15,268
540,680
152,058
136,714
124,788
114,183
12,937
Rhode
Island
.............
11,472
11,758
11,104
3,060
40,848
12,191
10,609
9,453
8,428
167
South
Carolina
..........
52,384
52,194
50,625
 
185,126
61,962
48,314
39,304
35,546
 
South
Dakota
............
11,235
11,430
11,377
726
44,171
12,497
11,313
10,521
9,552
288
Tennessee
.................
68,216
68,098
66,465
14,114
247,548
75,906
65,631
55,679
50,332
 
Texas
.........................
298,077
296,668
290,666
 
1,028,958
343,867
264,238
225,778
195,075
 
Utah
...........................
35,307
36,225
36,860
5,956
153,831
38,742
38,071
37,623
34,795
4,600
Vermont
.....................
8,331
8,481
8,374
 
30,265
8,486
7,697
7,130
6,622
330
Virginia
......................
85,407
82,668
80,842
29,200
299,791
88,721
77,806
68,649
64,497
118
Washington
...............
76,591
76,508
76,033
 
287,059
81,336
75,648
67,840
62,235
 
West
Virginia
.............
22,709
23,478
24,150
607
95,082
25,994
24,561
22,787
21,215
525
Wisconsin
..................
67,317
66,527
66,488
 
273,937
75,097
71,308
66,990
60,542
 
Wyoming
...................
7,981
8,230
8,270
10
31,727
8,612
8,366
7,615
7,129
5
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
1,035
1,010
912
 
3,420
1,004
876
731
739
70
Guam
.........................
2,502
2,341
2,370
8
8,176
3,285
2,133
1,500
1,258
 
Northern
Marianas
....
662
637
580
 
1,964
617
487
497
363
 
Puerto
Rico
...............
48,425
50,640
47,449
9,623
164,729
45,691
44,692
37,755
32,361
4,230
Virgin
Islands
.............
1,642
1,959
1,517
709
6,682
2,429
1,204
1,402
1,063
584
1
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondents.
2
Includes
imputations
for
underreporting.
3
Data
imputed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
based
on
previous
year's
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
56
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
42.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade
and
state:
Fall
1995
State
or
other
area
Total,
all
levels
Prekindergarten
through
grade
8
and
elementary
unclassified
Total
Prekindergarten
1
Kindergarten
Grade
1
Grade
2
Grade
3
Grade
4
Grade
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
........
44,840,481
32,340,501
636,846
3,536,227
3,670,903
3,507,022
3,444,740
3,430,583
3,437,943
Alabama
....................
746,149
539,309
2
9,324
59,739
61,694
57,452
57,732
56,486
57,142
Alaska
........................
127,618
93,434
2,419
10,567
10,444
10,352
10,030
10,222
10,112
Arizona
......................
743,566
548,526
4,027
61,420
64,215
61,418
59,828
60,202
59,894
Arkansas
...................
453,257
322,440
1,525
36,731
36,369
34,257
33,621
33,955
34,875
California
...................
5,536,406
4,041,224
2
69,182
472,334
466,167
453,020
435,380
428,553
424,838
Colorado
....................
656,279
478,881
10,472
50,316
52,767
51,786
52,030
52,783
52,646
Connecticut
...............
517,935
384,274
8,093
44,148
45,969
43,030
42,010
41,365
40,650
Delaware
...................
108,461
77,028
670
7,775
8,579
8,721
8,425
8,527
8,362
District
of
Columbia
...
79,802
61,836
5,387
7,736
7,931
6,533
6,063
5,852
5,332
Florida
.......................
2,176,222
1,613,510
51,123
176,767
180,182
175,891
172,039
173,169
175,358
Georgia
......................
1,311,126
965,707
22,621
111,462
110,955
105,752
103,936
103,072
102,516
Hawaii
........................
187,180
135,671
609
16,562
16,013
15,546
15,106
14,867
14,489
Idaho
.........................
243,097
169,556
1,665
17,750
18,260
18,285
17,952
17,640
18,626
Illinois
........................
1,943,623
1,390,475
45,947
151,485
154,534
149,128
142,500
142,660
142,836
Indiana
.......................
977,263
684,348
4,901
73,833
80,279
74,964
71,585
72,356
73,101
Iowa
...........................
502,343
343,997
5,957
37,629
36,107
35,029
34,884
36,431
37,204
Kansas
......................
463,008
328,701
3,209
33,925
35,538
35,037
35,100
36,004
36,596
Kentucky
....................
659,821
468,242
20,290
45,038
47,250
45,845
56,613
46,834
48,572
Louisiana
...................
797,366
580,348
19,440
61,323
63,719
59,414
59,552
61,315
61,232
Maine
.........................
213,569
156,016
821
16,826
17,250
17,003
16,568
17,419
17,397
Maryland
....................
805,544
590,155
19,092
63,232
67,348
65,055
63,940
62,207
61,814
Massachusetts
..........
915,007
674,588
14,792
79,163
79,565
75,647
73,380
71,800
71,606
Michigan
....................
1,641,456
1,191,671
8,870
141,238
134,513
125,809
124,197
122,266
123,894
Minnesota
..................
835,166
586,080
8,340
63,896
63,268
62,511
62,564
64,545
65,191
Mississippi
.................
506,272
366,186
1,083
39,632
42,510
39,015
37,304
38,004
38,332
Missouri
.....................
889,881
635,771
16,225
68,513
69,659
67,080
66,928
68,159
68,889
Montana
....................
165,547
116,403
519
12,214
12,519
12,279
12,535
12,899
13,200
Nebraska
...................
289,744
203,022
3,853
22,282
21,748
21,082
21,210
21,886
22,351
Nevada
......................
265,041
195,892
1,631
22,074
23,301
22,368
21,752
21,784
21,253
New
Hampshire
.........
194,171
141,721
1,357
8,859
17,973
16,601
16,566
16,275
16,480
New
Jersey
...............
1,197,381
880,350
9,301
93,978
102,521
95,581
91,352
88,686
86,889
New
Mexico
...............
329,640
229,239
3,426
24,329
26,152
24,703
24,395
24,200
24,407
New
York
...................
2,813,230
1,980,208
32,087
216,112
231,136
218,744
209,174
203,089
200,446
North
Carolina
...........
1,183,090
871,320
9,013
100,525
101,945
96,229
92,552
90,795
90,445
North
Dakota
.............
119,100
82,333
551
8,573
8,824
8,678
8,590
9,017
9,201
Ohio
...........................
1,836,015
1,297,313
18,997
141,589
148,354
140,090
138,135
138,942
140,465
Oklahoma
..................
616,393
445,780
5,470
48,635
54,178
46,642
46,456
47,407
48,073
Oregon
......................
527,914
375,966
855
39,875
41,952
40,802
40,790
41,721
42,083
Pennsylvania
.............
1,787,533
1,256,621
3,502
134,584
146,077
139,562
136,887
137,850
135,565
Rhode
Island
.............
149,799
109,815
531
10,947
13,868
12,343
12,053
11,596
11,439
South
Carolina
...........
645,586
463,305
2
8,067
39,964
55,944
51,837
50,451
50,860
51,338
South
Dakota
............
144,685
101,491
1,475
10,609
10,700
10,365
10,675
10,937
11,234
Tennessee
.................
893,770
650,601
2
11,168
73,962
76,015
69,266
67,326
67,705
67,859
Texas
.........................
3,748,167
2,757,273
133,754
281,708
303,928
294,298
291,993
292,191
293,834
Utah
...........................
477,121
327,790
3,455
34,645
34,857
34,782
33,937
34,598
34,976
Vermont
.....................
105,565
75,227
1,111
7,953
8,371
8,067
8,200
8,287
8,327
Virginia
......................
1,079,854
787,945
3,111
87,618
89,183
83,414
82,713
82,797
83,955
Washington
...............
956,572
680,009
5,984
73,581
75,721
73,810
73,888
75,186
75,599
West
Virginia
.............
307,112
211,008
3,499
22,577
22,875
21,610
21,991
22,178
22,478
Wisconsin
..................
870,175
602,964
18,045
62,859
64,574
63,141
64,541
65,427
66,577
Wyoming
...................
99,859
68,931
 
7,135
7,102
7,148
7,311
7,577
7,965
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
14,576
11,207
1,458
1,162
1,189
1,142
1,181
1,089
1,052
Guam
.........................
32,960
24,877
962
2,961
2,994
2,856
2,739
2,722
2,549
Northern
Marianas
....
8,809
6,825
560
598
781
781
805
683
667
Puerto
Rico
...............
627,620
460,585
255
44,566
54,545
50,423
49,531
49,762
49,863
Virgin
Islands
.............
22,737
16,342
 
1,638
1,647
1,654
1,717
1,655
1,712
57
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
42.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade
and
state:
Fall
1995
 
Continued
State
or
other
area
Prekindergarten
through
grade
8
and
elementary
unclassified
Grades
9
through
12
and
secondary
unclassified
Grade
6
Grade
7
Grade
8
Elementary
unclassified
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Secondary
unclassified
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
United
States
........
3,395,307
3,422,290
3,356,338
502,302
12,499,980
3,704,455
3,237,391
2,826,023
2,487,135
244,976
Alabama
....................
58,704
61,122
59,914
 
206,840
65,299
53,780
46,780
40,981
 
Alaska
........................
9,870
9,845
9,573
 
34,184
10,263
9,045
7,765
7,111
 
Arizona
......................
58,281
58,829
56,407
4,005
195,040
59,346
52,654
43,547
39,197
296
Arkansas
...................
35,104
37,023
36,696
2,284
130,817
37,005
35,209
30,566
27,083
954
California
...................
413,776
409,978
399,039
68,957
1,495,182
437,974
396,020
343,419
287,428
30,341
Colorado
....................
51,856
52,282
51,180
763
177,398
52,472
47,128
41,751
35,480
567
Connecticut
...............
39,468
38,253
37,320
3,968
133,661
39,380
34,797
31,198
28,282
4
Delaware
...................
8,520
8,883
8,566
 
31,433
10,112
8,325
6,785
6,211
 
District
of
Columbia
...
4,980
5,052
4,749
2,221
17,966
5,159
4,896
3,700
2,972
1,239
Florida
.......................
174,079
171,381
163,521
 
562,712
182,980
154,030
126,183
99,519
 
Georgia
......................
103,015
102,287
100,091
 
345,419
117,429
90,117
74,137
63,736
 
Hawaii
........................
14,617
14,022
13,793
47
51,509
16,277
13,274
11,442
10,478
38
Idaho
.........................
19,392
19,857
20,129
 
73,541
20,195
19,349
17,904
16,093
 
Illinois
........................
138,679
133,484
132,678
56,544
553,148
149,289
139,115
122,384
107,244
35,116
Indiana
.......................
74,734
77,279
78,278
3,038
292,915
83,436
76,232
67,902
62,659
2,686
Iowa
...........................
37,117
38,833
38,715
6,091
158,346
41,385
39,680
36,861
34,565
5,855
Kansas
......................
36,534
37,317
36,782
2,659
134,307
38,484
35,290
31,064
28,491
978
Kentucky
....................
49,131
51,000
50,091
7,578
191,579
56,572
49,429
43,614
38,797
3,167
Louisiana
...................
60,647
62,873
57,918
12,915
217,018
68,655
55,225
47,422
40,663
5,053
Maine
.........................
17,280
17,206
16,771
1,475
57,553
16,007
14,636
13,773
12,670
467
Maryland
....................
61,099
60,747
58,835
6,786
215,389
64,468
54,286
47,345
42,974
6,316
Massachusetts
..........
69,122
67,176
65,724
6,613
240,419
68,623
62,856
57,029
51,911
 
Michigan
....................
120,347
120,121
118,996
51,420
449,785
129,820
112,588
99,551
87,840
19,986
Minnesota
..................
64,439
65,677
65,649
 
249,086
67,226
64,478
59,589
57,793
 
Mississippi
.................
38,737
41,223
39,809
10,537
140,086
43,241
35,552
28,587
25,741
6,965
Missouri
.....................
67,847
69,368
66,493
6,610
254,110
72,575
66,804
59,378
52,939
2,414
Montana
....................
13,153
13,407
13,342
336
49,144
13,921
12,569
11,635
10,897
122
Nebraska
...................
22,777
22,817
23,016
 
86,722
23,813
23,184
20,450
19,275
 
Nevada
......................
20,616
20,449
19,970
694
69,149
19,661
18,773
16,553
14,143
19
New
Hampshire
.........
15,805
15,798
15,487
520
52,450
15,420
13,597
12,387
10,996
50
New
Jersey
...............
84,950
83,920
81,997
61,175
317,031
84,649
76,042
70,493
65,647
20,200
New
Mexico
...............
25,300
26,434
25,893
 
100,401
29,164
24,981
20,195
17,078
8,983
New
York
...................
197,470
199,440
194,347
78,163
833,022
235,320
205,305
178,043
142,841
71,513
North
Carolina
...........
88,925
89,747
88,056
23,088
311,770
100,505
82,512
69,100
59,653
 
North
Dakota
.............
9,270
9,770
9,859
 
36,767
9,927
9,377
8,950
8,513
 
Ohio
...........................
137,737
141,979
142,469
8,556
538,702
159,777
138,771
125,275
114,879
 
Oklahoma
..................
48,683
49,709
49,012
1,515
170,613
49,992
45,289
38,997
35,733
602
Oregon
......................
41,735
42,449
42,141
1,563
151,948
42,438
39,326
36,420
33,202
562
Pennsylvania
.............
133,770
137,376
136,069
15,379
530,912
150,460
134,653
121,885
111,050
12,864
Rhode
Island
.............
11,586
11,515
11,032
2,905
39,984
11,922
10,530
9,113
8,263
156
South
Carolina
..........
51,322
52,214
51,308
 
182,281
60,808
48,165
38,508
34,800
 
South
Dakota
............
11,143
11,583
11,654
1,116
43,194
12,176
11,388
10,090
9,116
424
Tennessee
.................
66,227
68,309
66,513
16,251
243,169
74,398
64,144
55,308
49,319
 
Texas
.........................
288,502
292,190
284,875
 
990,894
335,819
255,132
213,714
186,229
 
Utah
...........................
35,877
36,693
38,090
5,880
149,331
37,941
38,485
36,487
32,006
4,412
Vermont
.....................
8,553
8,352
8,006
 
30,338
8,125
7,465
6,909
6,507
1,332
Virginia
......................
82,996
81,619
81,254
29,285
291,909
86,779
76,045
66,764
62,204
117
Washington
...............
75,313
75,875
75,052
 
276,563
78,514
73,402
65,035
59,612
 
West
Virginia
.............
22,825
24,521
25,089
1,365
96,104
26,261
24,769
22,052
21,844
1,178
Wisconsin
..................
65,289
66,723
65,788
 
267,211
74,700
70,262
64,458
57,791
 
Wyoming
...................
8,108
8,283
8,302
 
30,928
8,293
8,430
7,526
6,679
 
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
1,042
941
951
 
3,369
915
837
796
756
65
Guam
.........................
2,384
2,342
2,368
 
8,083
2,862
2,122
1,666
1,433
 
Northern
Marianas
....
642
712
596
 
1,984
575
536
406
467
 
Puerto
Rico
...............
47,978
51,731
48,934
12,997
167,035
45,673
44,939
38,184
32,535
5,704
Virgin
Islands
.............
1,577
2,285
1,607
850
6,395
1,774
1,629
1,251
1,102
639
1
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondents.
2
Includes
imputations
for
underreporting.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
58
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
43.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
grade:
Fall
1982
to
fall
1996
Grade
Fall
1982
Fall
1983
Fall
1984
Fall
1985
Fall
1986
Fall
1987
Fall
1988
Fall
1989
Fall
1990
Fall
1991
Fall
1992
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
In
thousands
All
grades
...............
39,566
39,252
39,208
39,422
39,753
40,008
40,189
40,543
41,217
42,047
42,823
43,465
44,111
44,840
45,592
Elementary
.....................
27,161
26,981
26,905
27,034
27,420
27,933
28,501
29,152
29,878
30,506
31,088
31,504
31,898
32,341
32,759
Prekindergarten
.........
106
105
109
151
183
193
225
262
303
375
505
545
603
637
674
Kindergarten
..............
2,740
2,754
2,900
3,041
3,127
3,196
3,208
3,225
3,306
3,311
3,313
3,377
3,444
3,536
3,534
1st
grade
....................
2,937
3,080
3,113
3,239
3,358
3,407
3,460
3,485
3,499
3,556
3,542
3,529
3,593
3,671
3,769
2nd
grade
..................
2,790
2,781
2,904
2,941
3,054
3,173
3,223
3,289
3,327
3,360
3,431
3,429
3,440
3,507
3,596
3rd
grade
...................
2,763
2,772
2,765
2,895
2,933
3,046
3,167
3,235
3,297
3,334
3,361
3,437
3,439
3,445
3,518
4th
grade
...................
2,798
2,758
2,772
2,771
2,896
2,938
3,051
3,182
3,248
3,315
3,342
3,361
3,426
3,431
3,447
5th
grade
...................
2,912
2,798
2,761
2,776
2,775
2,901
2,945
3,067
3,197
3,268
3,325
3,350
3,372
3,438
3,447
6th
grade
...................
3,142
2,928
2,831
2,789
2,806
2,811
2,937
2,987
3,110
3,239
3,303
3,356
3,381
3,395
3,486
7th
grade
...................
3,288
3,247
3,036
2,938
2,899
2,910
2,905
3,027
3,067
3,181
3,299
3,355
3,404
3,422
3,457
8th
grade
...................
3,123
3,222
3,186
2,982
2,870
2,839
2,853
2,853
2,979
3,020
3,129
3,249
3,302
3,356
3,398
Elementary
ungraded
563
535
528
511
520
520
527
540
543
545
539
515
494
502
434
Secondary
......................
12,405
12,271
12,304
12,388
12,333
12,076
11,687
11,390
11,338
11,541
11,735
11,961
12,213
12,500
12,834
9th
grade
...................
3,248
3,330
3,440
3,439
3,256
3,143
3,106
3,141
3,169
3,313
3,352
3,487
3,604
3,704
3,793
10th
grade
.................
3,137
3,103
3,145
3,230
3,215
3,020
2,895
2,868
2,896
2,915
3,027
3,050
3,131
3,237
3,316
11th
grade
.................
2,917
2,861
2,819
2,866
2,954
2,936
2,749
2,629
2,612
2,645
2,656
2,751
2,748
2,826
2,925
12th
grade
.................
2,787
2,678
2,599
2,550
2,601
2,681
2,650
2,473
2,381
2,392
2,431
2,424
2,488
2,487
2,582
Secondary
ungraded
315
299
300
303
308
296
288
279
282
275
269
248
242
245
218
Percent
All
grades
...............
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Elementary
.....................
68.6
68.7
68.6
68.6
69.0
69.8
70.9
71.9
72.5
72.6
72.6
72.5
72.3
72.1
71.9
Prekindergarten
.........
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
Kindergarten
..............
6.9
7.0
7.4
7.7
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
1st
grade
....................
7.4
7.8
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.3
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
2nd
grade
..................
7.1
7.1
7.4
7.5
7.7
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.9
3rd
grade
...................
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.6
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.7
4th
grade
...................
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.0
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.6
5th
grade
...................
7.4
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.6
6th
grade
...................
7.9
7.5
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
7th
grade
...................
8.3
8.3
7.7
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
8th
grade
...................
7.9
8.2
8.1
7.6
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Elementary
ungraded
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
Secondary
......................
31.4
31.3
31.4
31.4
31.0
30.2
29.1
28.1
27.5
27.4
27.4
27.5
27.7
27.9
28.1
9th
grade
...................
8.2
8.5
8.8
8.7
8.2
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.3
10th
grade
.................
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.2
8.1
7.5
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
11th
grade
.................
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.3
6.4
12th
grade
.................
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.7
6.6
6.1
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
Secondary
ungraded
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
NOTE.
 
Because
of
changes
in
reporting
practices
and
imputation
of
data
for
nonrespondents
in
later
years,
data
for
prekindergarten
enrollment
are
not
comparable
over
time.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
59
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
44.
 
Average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
........
41,934,376
38,288,911
37,703,744
36,523,103
37,799,296
38,426,543
40,146,393
40,720,763
41,501,596
Alabama
....................
777,123
711,432
701,925
686,716
683,833
682,524
696,071
687,047
687,076
Alaska
........................
72,489
79,945
83,745
98,535
98,213
102,585
112,869
113,874
115,958
Arizona
......................
391,526
481,905
476,149
494,504
557,252
573,140
631,450
658,084
684,740
Arkansas
...................
414,158
423,610
417,080
408,601
403,025
408,145
416,479
420,229
423,520
California
1
.................
4,418,423
4,044,736
4,014,917
4,245,090
4,893,341
5,065,647
5,108,907
5,198,308
5,351,475
Colorado
....................
500,388
513,475
508,750
507,876
519,419
521,899
579,682
594,019
608,633
Connecticut
...............
618,881
507,362
501,085
452,058
439,524
450,808
465,487
481,742
495,188
Delaware
...................
120,819
94,058
89,609
84,936
89,838
91,052
97,247
98,793
99,941
District
of
Columbia
...
138,600
91,576
85,773
76,241
71,468
69,092
70,079
71,446
71,001
Florida
.......................
1,312,693
1,464,461
1,389,487
1,442,921
1,646,583
1,714,394
1,873,199
1,927,172
1,947,777
Georgia
......................
1,019,427
989,433
988,612
1,004,799
1,054,097
1,075,728
1,148,319
1,181,724
1,232,852
Hawaii
........................
168,140
151,563
151,713
151,174
157,360
160,193
169,779
169,254
171,977
Idaho
.........................
170,920
189,199
190,144
198,141
203,987
209,085
223,489
225,986
228,371
Illinois
........................
2,084,844
1,770,435
1,765,357
1,604,265
1,587,733
1,618,101
1,709,915
1,734,175
1,750,417
Indiana
.......................
1,111,043
983,444
944,424
870,463
884,568
888,177
899,585
900,017
909,553
Iowa
...........................
624,403
510,081
501,403
454,341
450,224
456,614
477,916
478,285
477,053
Kansas
......................
470,296
382,019
374,451
371,655
388,986
397,609
410,862
413,699
416,674
Kentucky
....................
647,970
619,868
614,676
577,190
569,795
569,713
578,020
572,952
571,934
Louisiana
...................
776,555
727,601
715,844
732,230
727,125
720,551
732,202
730,148
710,925
Maine
.........................
225,146
211,400
207,554
198,358
195,089
196,229
199,125
199,387
200,700
Maryland
....................
785,989
686,336
664,866
592,383
620,617
637,370
687,455
701,594
719,433
Massachusetts
..........
1,056,207
935,960
950,675
745,991
763,231
770,802
810,028
831,918
845,270
Michigan
....................
1,991,235
1,758,427
1,711,139
1,481,068
1,446,996
1,452,700
1,474,413
1,492,653
1,554,358
Minnesota
..................
864,595
748,606
710,836
669,385
699,001
714,072
756,725
770,549
786,241
Mississippi
.................
524,623
454,401
446,515
448,117
476,048
474,029
471,367
470,974
470,657
Missouri
.....................
906,132
777,269
756,536
714,230
729,693
733,680
778,605
794,177
805,404
Montana
....................
162,664
144,608
141,641
138,829
135,406
138,341
146,849
148,325
148,616
Nebraska
...................
314,516
270,524
263,797
250,975
254,754
257,587
267,931
268,732
270,938
Nevada
......................
113,421
134,995
138,481
143,941
173,149
185,755
217,681
229,862
243,718
New
Hampshire
.........
140,203
154,187
150,316
147,561
154,915
156,579
175,968
179,892
187,067
New
Jersey
...............
1,322,124
1,140,111
1,121,272
1,029,797
997,561
1,016,159
1,079,653
1,102,565
1,125,877
New
Mexico
...............
259,997
253,453
240,496
252,892
290,245
291,215
310,610
314,822
330,851
New
York
...................
3,099,192
2,530,289
2,475,055
2,276,842
2,244,110
2,278,531
2,404,426
2,388,973
2,463,349
North
Carolina
...........
1,104,295
1,072,150
1,055,651
1,014,795
1,012,274
1,012,613
1,051,295
1,071,640
1,096,812
North
Dakota
.............
141,961
118,986
111,759
108,947
109,659
109,691
111,770
111,502
111,870
Ohio
...........................
2,246,282
1,849,283
1,801,914
1,660,718
1,584,735
1,603,025
1,609,855
1,627,984
1,661,014
Oklahoma
..................
560,993
548,065
542,800
553,370
543,170
548,387
566,155
570,381
574,538
Oregon
......................
436,736
418,593
417,009
401,476
419,771
431,806
455,492
458,107
462,108
Pennsylvania
.............
2,169,225
1,808,630
1,754,782
1,560,746
1,524,839
1,542,077
1,609,125
1,629,877
1,651,741
Rhode
Island
.............
163,205
139,195
135,096
122,109
125,934
129,856
135,016
136,229
137,870
South
Carolina
...........
600,292
569,612
580,132
558,716
569,029
573,138
586,178
608,699
605,526
South
Dakota
............
158,543
124,934
121,663
118,269
119,823
121,403
127,550
128,335
127,754
Tennessee
.................
836,010
806,696
797,237
762,225
761,766
767,738
796,744
806,895
819,831
Texas
.........................
2,432,420
2,608,817
2,647,288
2,923,741
3,075,333
3,085,648
3,306,297
3,364,830
3,435,010
Utah
...........................
287,405
312,813
323,048
379,249
408,917
417,609
439,484
442,617
444,679
Vermont
.....................
97,772
95,045
90,884
85,875
87,832
88,901
97,550
98,608
100,166
Virginia
......................
995,580
955,105
938,794
904,347
989,197
1,011,513
1,065,071
1,079,496
1,098,862
Washington
...............
764,735
710,929
704,655
696,372
755,141
781,371
850,813
870,163
888,142
West
Virginia
.............
372,278
353,264
351,823
330,145
301,947
300,067
291,238
287,937
285,548
Wisconsin
..................
880,609
770,554
743,505
694,351
711,466
731,088
769,717
782,395
799,391
Wyoming
...................
81,293
89,471
91,381
95,547
91,277
92,506
94,650
93,691
93,190
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
 
 
 
10,816
11,448
12,272
14,094
14,000
14,074
Guam
.........................
20,315
 
22,343
23,220
23,883
25,330
31,711
31,779
31,998
Northern
Marianas
....
 
 
 
4,921
6,809
6,062
7,278
7,351
7,511
Puerto
Rico
...............
 
656,709
671,661
636,268
597,436
597,418
588,484
547,561
548,788
Virgin
Islands
.............
 
 
23,312
23,811
18,924
19,984
20,381
20,339
19,867
1
Data
for
California
are
not
strictly
comparable
with
those
for
other
states
because
California's
attendance
figures
through
1990
 
91
include
excused
absences.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
60
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
45.
 
Enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
race
or
ethnicity
and
state:
Fall
1986
and
fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Percent
distribution,
fall
1986
Percent
distribution,
fall
1996
Total
White
1
Black
1
Hispanic
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Total
White
1
Black
1
Hispanic
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
2
.........
100.0
70.4
16.1
9.9
2.8
0.9
100.0
64.2
16.9
14.0
3.8
1.1
Alabama
.......................
100.0
62.0
37.0
0.1
0.4
0.5
100.0
61.5
36.4
0.7
0.6
0.7
Alaska
...........................
100.0
65.7
4.3
1.7
3.3
25.1
100.0
63.1
4.7
2.9
4.5
24.8
Arizona
.........................
100.0
62.2
4.0
26.4
1.3
6.1
100.0
56.6
4.3
30.1
1.8
7.2
Arkansas
.......................
100.0
74.7
24.2
0.4
0.6
0.2
100.0
73.5
23.5
1.8
0.7
0.4
California
......................
100.0
53.7
9.0
27.5
9.1
0.7
100.0
39.5
8.7
39.7
11.2
0.9
Colorado
.......................
100.0
78.7
4.5
13.7
2.0
1.0
100.0
72.0
5.5
18.8
2.6
1.1
Connecticut
...................
100.0
77.2
12.1
8.9
1.5
0.2
100.0
71.7
13.6
11.9
2.5
0.3
Delaware
......................
100.0
68.3
27.7
2.5
1.4
0.2
100.0
63.9
29.9
4.3
1.8
0.2
District
of
Columbia
......
100.0
4.0
91.1
3.9
0.9
0.1
100.0
4.0
87.3
7.2
1.4
0.1
Florida
...........................
100.0
65.4
23.7
9.5
1.2
0.2
100.0
56.7
25.4
15.9
1.8
0.2
Georgia
.........................
100.0
60.7
37.9
0.6
0.8
(
3)
100.0
57.9
37.6
2.6
1.7
0.1
Hawaii
...........................
100.0
23.5
2.3
2.2
71.7
0.3
100.0
25.0
3.3
4.9
66.4
0.4
Idaho
.............................
100.0
92.6
0.3
4.9
0.8
1.3
100.0
88.0
0.7
8.9
1.2
1.3
Illinois
............................
100.0
69.8
18.7
9.2
2.3
0.1
100.0
62.8
21.2
12.8
3.1
0.1
Indiana
..........................
100.0
88.7
9.0
1.7
0.5
0.1
100.0
85.4
11.2
2.4
0.8
0.2
Iowa
..............................
100.0
94.6
3.0
0.9
1.2
0.3
100.0
92.2
3.4
2.4
1.6
0.5
Kansas
..........................
100.0
85.6
7.6
4.4
1.9
0.6
100.0
81.9
8.6
6.5
1.9
1.1
Kentucky
.......................
100.0
89.2
10.2
0.1
0.5
(
3)
100.0
88.9
9.9
0.5
0.6
0.1
Louisiana
......................
100.0
56.5
41.3
0.8
1.1
0.3
100.0
50.6
46.4
1.2
1.3
0.6
Maine
............................
100.0
98.3
0.5
0.2
0.8
0.2
100.0
97.2
0.9
0.4
0.9
0.6
Maryland
.......................
100.0
59.7
35.3
1.7
3.1
0.2
100.0
56.7
35.6
3.5
3.9
0.3
Massachusetts
..............
100.0
83.7
7.4
6.0
2.8
0.1
100.0
77.9
8.4
9.6
4.0
0.2
Michigan
.......................
100.0
76.4
19.8
1.8
1.2
0.8
100.0
75.8
18.8
2.8
1.5
1.0
Minnesota
.....................
100.0
93.9
2.1
0.9
1.7
1.5
100.0
86.5
5.2
2.2
4.1
1.9
Mississippi
....................
100.0
43.9
55.5
0.1
0.4
0.1
100.0
47.9
51.0
0.4
0.6
0.2
Missouri
........................
100.0
83.4
14.9
0.7
0.8
0.2
100.0
81.1
16.5
1.1
1.0
0.3
Montana
........................
100.0
92.7
0.3
0.9
0.5
5.5
100.0
87.2
0.6
1.5
0.8
9.9
Nebraska
......................
100.0
91.4
4.4
2.4
0.8
1.0
100.0
86.4
6.0
4.9
1.3
1.4
Nevada
.........................
100.0
77.4
9.6
7.5
3.2
2.3
100.0
65.1
9.6
18.8
4.6
1.9
New
Hampshire
............
100.0
98.0
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.1
100.0
96.4
1.0
1.3
1.1
0.2
New
Jersey
...................
100.0
69.1
17.4
10.7
2.7
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
New
Mexico
..................
100.0
43.1
2.3
45.1
0.8
8.7
100.0
38.8
2.4
47.7
1.0
10.2
New
York
......................
100.0
68.4
16.5
12.3
2.7
0.2
100.0
56.3
20.3
17.6
5.2
0.5
North
Carolina
..............
100.0
68.4
28.9
0.4
0.6
1.7
100.0
63.9
30.8
2.3
1.5
1.5
North
Dakota
................
100.0
92.4
0.6
1.1
0.8
5.0
100.0
89.1
0.9
1.1
0.7
8.1
Ohio
..............................
100.0
83.1
15.0
1.0
0.7
0.1
100.0
82.0
15.4
1.4
1.0
0.1
Oklahoma
.....................
100.0
79.0
7.8
1.6
1.0
10.6
100.0
68.8
10.5
4.3
1.3
15.1
Oregon
..........................
100.0
89.8
2.2
3.9
2.4
1.7
100.0
84.6
2.6
7.4
3.4
2.0
Pennsylvania
................
100.0
84.4
12.6
1.8
1.2
0.1
100.0
80.2
14.2
3.7
1.8
0.1
Rhode
Island
................
100.0
87.9
5.6
3.7
2.4
0.3
100.0
78.3
7.3
10.7
3.3
0.5
South
Carolina
..............
100.0
54.6
44.5
0.2
0.6
0.1
100.0
56.0
42.2
0.8
0.8
0.2
South
Dakota
................
100.0
90.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
7.6
100.0
83.7
1.0
0.8
0.8
13.8
Tennessee
....................
100.0
76.5
22.6
0.2
0.6
(
3)
100.0
74.6
23.4
0.9
1.0
0.1
Texas
............................
100.0
51.0
14.4
32.5
2.0
0.2
100.0
45.6
14.3
37.4
2.4
0.3
Utah
..............................
100.0
93.7
0.4
3.0
1.5
1.5
100.0
89.5
0.7
6.0
2.4
1.5
Vermont
........................
100.0
98.4
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.6
100.0
97.3
0.8
0.4
1.0
0.6
Virginia
..........................
100.0
72.6
23.7
1.0
2.6
0.1
100.0
67.7
25.5
3.3
3.4
0.2
Washington
...................
100.0
84.5
4.2
3.8
5.1
2.3
100.0
77.5
4.8
8.3
6.7
2.7
West
Virginia
................
100.0
95.9
3.7
0.1
0.3
(
3)
100.0
95.2
4.0
0.5
0.3
0.1
Wisconsin
.....................
100.0
86.6
8.9
1.9
1.7
1.0
100.0
82.6
9.6
3.5
2.9
1.3
Wyoming
.......................
100.0
90.7
0.9
5.9
0.6
1.9
100.0
89.0
1.2
6.2
0.8
2.8
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
 
 
 
100.0
 
Guam
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
5.3
1.2
0.9
92.6
0.1
Northern
Marianas
........
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
0.8
 
0.0
99.2
 
Puerto
Rico
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
 
 
100.0
 
 
Virgin
Islands
................
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
1.1
84.6
14.0
0.2
 
1
Excludes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
2
U.
S.
totals
for
1996
include
estimate
for
New
Jersey.
3
Less
than
0.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
The
1986
 
87
data
were
derived
from
the
1986
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Civil
Rights
sample
survey
of
public
school
districts.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
for
Civil
Rights,
1986
State
Summaries
of
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Civil
Rights
Survey;
and
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
61
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
46.
 
Enrollment
of
3­,
4­,
and
5­
year­
old
children
in
preprimary
programs,
by
level
and
control
of
program
and
by
attendance
status:
October
1965
to
October
1997
[
In
thousands]

Year
and
age
Total
population,
3
to
5
years
old
Enrollment
by
level
and
control
Enrollment
by
attendance
Total
Percent
enrolled
Nursery
school
Kindergarten
Full­
day
Part­
day
Percent
full­
day
Public
Private
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total,
3
to
5
years
old
1965
......................................
12,549
3,407
27.1
127
393
2,291
596
 
 
 
1970
......................................
10,949
4,104
37.5
332
762
2,498
511
698
3,405
17.0
1975
......................................
10,185
4,955
48.7
570
1,174
2,682
528
1,295
3,659
26.1
1980
......................................
9,284
4,878
52.5
628
1,353
2,438
459
1,551
3,327
31.8
1985
......................................
10,733
5,865
54.6
846
1,631
2,847
541
2,144
3,722
36.6
1986
......................................
10,866
5,971
55.0
829
1,715
2,859
567
2,241
3,730
37.5
1987
......................................
10,872
5,931
54.6
819
1,736
2,842
534
2,090
3,841
35.2
1988
......................................
10,993
5,978
54.4
851
1,770
2,875
481
2,044
3,935
34.2
1989
......................................
11,039
6,026
54.6
930
1,894
2,704
497
2,238
3,789
37.1
1990
......................................
11,207
6,659
59.4
1,199
2,180
2,772
509
2,577
4,082
38.7
1991
......................................
11,370
6,334
55.7
996
1,828
2,967
543
2,408
3,926
38.0
1992
......................................
11,545
6,402
55.5
1,073
1,783
2,995
550
2,410
3,992
37.6
1993
......................................
11,954
6,581
55.1
1,205
1,779
3,020
577
2,642
3,939
40.1
1994
1
....................................
12,328
7,514
61.0
1,848
2,314
2,819
534
3,468
4,046
46.2
1995
1
....................................
12,518
7,739
61.8
1,950
2,381
2,800
608
3,689
4,051
47.7
1996
1
....................................
12,378
7,580
61.2
1,830
2,317
2,853
580
3,562
4,019
47.0
1997
1
....................................
12,121
7,860
64.9
2,207
2,231
2,847
575
3,922
3,939
49.9
3
years
old
1965
......................................
4,149
203
4.9
41
153
5
4
 
 
 
1970
......................................
3,516
454
12.9
110
322
12
10
142
312
31.3
1975
......................................
3,177
683
21.5
179
474
11
18
259
423
37.9
1980
......................................
3,143
857
27.3
221
604
16
17
321
536
37.5
1985
......................................
3,594
1,035
28.8
278
679
52
26
350
685
33.8
1986
......................................
3,607
1,041
28.9
257
737
26
21
399
642
38.3
1987
......................................
3,569
1,022
28.6
264
703
24
31
378
644
37.0
1988
......................................
3,719
1,027
27.6
298
678
24
26
369
658
35.9
1989
......................................
3,713
1,005
27.1
277
707
3
18
390
615
38.8
1990
......................................
3,692
1,205
32.6
347
840
11
7
447
758
37.1
1991
......................................
3,811
1,074
28.2
313
702
38
22
388
687
36.1
1992
......................................
3,905
1,081
27.7
336
685
26
34
371
711
34.3
1993
......................................
4,053
1,097
27.1
369
687
20
20
426
670
38.9
1994
1
....................................
4,081
1,385
33.9
469
887
19
9
670
715
48.4
1995
1
....................................
4,148
1,489
35.9
511
947
15
17
754
736
50.6
1996
1
....................................
4,045
1,506
37.2
511
947
22
26
657
848
43.7
1997
1
....................................
3,947
1,528
38.7
643
843
25
18
754
774
49.4
4
years
old
1965
......................................
4,238
683
16.1
68
213
284
118
 
 
 
1970
......................................
3,620
1,007
27.8
176
395
318
117
230
776
22.8
1975
......................................
3,499
1,418
40.5
332
644
313
129
411
1,008
29.0
1980
......................................
3,072
1,423
46.3
363
701
239
120
467
956
32.8
1985
......................................
3,598
1,766
49.1
496
859
276
135
643
1,123
36.4
1986
......................................
3,616
1,772
49.0
498
903
257
115
622
1,150
35.1
1987
......................................
3,597
1,717
47.7
431
881
280
125
548
1,169
31.9
1988
......................................
3,598
1,768
49.1
481
922
261
104
519
1,249
29.4
1989
......................................
3,692
1,882
51.0
524
1,055
202
100
592
1,290
31.4
1990
......................................
3,723
2,087
56.1
695
1,144
157
91
716
1,371
34.3
1991
......................................
3,763
1,994
53.0
584
982
287
140
667
1,326
33.5
1992
......................................
3,807
1,982
52.1
602
971
282
126
632
1,350
31.9
1993
......................................
4,044
2,178
53.9
719
957
349
154
765
1,413
35.1
1994
1
....................................
4,202
2,532
60.3
1,020
1,232
198
82
1,095
1,438
43.2
1995
1
....................................
4,145
2,553
61.6
1,054
1,208
207
84
1,104
1,449
43.3
1996
1
....................................
4,148
2,454
59.2
1,029
1,168
180
77
1,034
1,420
42.1
1997
1
....................................
4,033
2,665
66.1
1,197
1,169
207
92
1,161
1,505
43.5
5
years
old
1965
......................................
4,162
2,521
60.6
18
27
2,002
474
 
 
 
1970
......................................
3,814
2,643
69.3
45
45
2,168
384
326
2,317
12.3
1975
......................................
3,509
2,854
81.3
59
57
2,358
381
625
2,228
21.9
1980
......................................
3,069
2,598
84.7
44
48
2,183
322
763
1,835
29.4
1985
......................................
3,542
3,065
86.5
73
94
2,519
379
1,151
1,914
37.6
1986
......................................
3,643
3,157
86.7
75
75
2,576
432
1,220
1,937
38.6
1987
......................................
3,706
3,192
86.1
124
152
2,538
378
1,163
2,028
36.4
1988
......................................
3,676
3,184
86.6
72
170
2,590
351
1,155
2,028
36.3
1989
......................................
3,633
3,139
86.4
129
132
2,499
378
1,255
1,883
40.0
1990
......................................
3,792
3,367
88.8
157
196
2,604
411
1,414
1,953
42.0
1991
......................................
3,796
3,267
86.0
100
143
2,642
382
1,354
1,913
41.4
1992
......................................
3,832
3,339
87.1
135
127
2,688
390
1,408
1,931
42.2
1993
......................................
3,857
3,306
85.7
116
136
2,651
403
1,451
1,856
43.9
1994
1
....................................
4,044
3,597
88.9
359
194
2,601
442
1,704
1,893
47.4
1995
1
....................................
4,224
3,697
87.5
385
226
2,578
507
1,830
1,867
49.5
1996
1
....................................
4,185
3,621
86.5
290
202
2,652
477
1,870
1,750
51.7
1997
1
....................................
4,141
3,667
88.5
368
219
2,616
465
2,007
1,660
54.7
1
Data
collected
using
new
procedures.
May
not
be
comparable
with
figures
prior
to
1994.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population.
Although
cells
with
fewer
than
75,000
children
are
subject
to
wide
sampling
variation,
they
are
included
in
the
table
to
permit
various
types
of
aggregations.
Enrollment
data
for
5­
year­
olds
include
only
those
students
in
preprimary
programs.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Preprimary
Enrollment,
various
years;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
62
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
47.
 
Children
of
prekindergarten
through
second
grade
age,
by
enrollment
status,
maternal
characteristics,
and
household
income:
1991,
1993,
and
1995
Maternal
characteristics
and
household
income
3­
to
5­
year­
olds,
not
enrolled
in
school
1
Enrolled
in
nursery
school
or
prekindergarten
Enrolled
in
kindergarten
Enrolled
in
1st
grade
Enrolled
in
2nd
grade
1991
1993
1995
1991
1993
1995
1991
1993
1995
1991
1993
1995
1991
1993
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Total
children,
in.
thousands
...................
4,853
4,670
4,595
3,571
3,938
4,655
4,022
4,027
4,149
4,001
3,988
4,025
3,724
3,436
3,777
Percent
distribution
Mother's
highest
education
2
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Less
than
high
school
....
18
19
22
8
11
10
16
14
17
16
14
16
16
16
20
High
school
diploma
3
.....
43
42
35
32
29
28
40
38
33
38
38
31
38
35
31
Some
postsecondary
......
23
24
21
29
31
23
24
27
22
24
26
24
26
27
21
Associate
degree
............
4
3
7
5
5
9
4
5
7
4
5
7
4
4
8
Bachelor's
degree
...........
9
8
10
17
14
19
11
10
14
12
11
14
10
10
13
Graduate/
professional
school
...........................
4
4
5
10
11
12
5
6
8
7
7
8
6
8
8
Mother's
employment
status
2
..................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Working
35
hours/
week
or
more
.........................
34
30
33
34
35
38
35
38
36
38
38
39
39
37
41
Working
less
than
35
hours/
week
...................
21
19
18
27
23
24
22
20
21
24
22
21
22
22
21
Looking
for
work
.............
7
8
7
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
5
7
6
5
Not
in
labor
force
............
39
43
42
34
35
32
37
36
38
32
34
36
32
34
33
Household
income
...............
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
$
10,000
or
less
...............
20
19
23
15
17
16
18
19
19
19
18
17
18
17
19
$
10,001
to
$
20,000
........
19
22
16
14
14
10
17
18
13
17
18
13
17
17
12
$
20,001
to
$
30,000
........
23
21
19
17
14
13
21
17
16
20
17
17
19
18
16
$
30,001
to
$
40,000
........
16
17
16
16
15
12
15
15
15
15
15
14
15
15
16
$
40,001
to
$
50,000
........
10
9
11
12
11
12
11
10
12
11
11
11
12
11
11
$
50,000
to
$
75,000
........
8
8
11
16
16
19
12
13
14
11
12
16
12
14
15
More
than
$
75,000
.........
3
4
5
11
13
17
7
8
11
7
8
12
7
8
10
1
Includes
a
very
small
number
of
older
children
of
first
and
second
grade
age.
2
Excludes
data
for
households
with
no
mother
present.
3
Includes
equivalency
certificates.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey
(
NHES),
1991,
1993,
and
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)

Table
48.
 
Percent
of
public
school
kindergarten
teachers
indicating
the
importance
of
various
factors
for
kindergarten
readiness:
Spring
1993
Kindergarten
readiness
factors
Not
at
all
important
Not
very
important
Somewhat
important
Very
important
Essential
Percent
rating
readiness
factor
as
``
Very
important''
or
``
Essential,''
by
percentage
of
school's
students
eligible
for
free
or
reduced­
price
lunches
Less
than
20
percent
20
to
49
percent
50
percent
or
more
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Is
physically
healthy,
rested,
and
well
nourished
.......................
0
(
1)
4
24
72
97
95
95
Finishes
tasks
.............................................................................
3
11
47
31
9
43
40
37
Can
count
to
20
or
more
............................................................
33
34
26
5
3
8
6
9
Takes
turns
and
shares
..............................................................
2
8
34
37
19
64
55
52
Has
good
problem­
solving
skills
.................................................
8
23
44
20
5
29
23
23
Is
enthusiastic
and
curious
in
approaching
new
activities
.........
1
3
19
43
33
83
76
73
Is
able
to
use
pencils
or
paint
brushes
......................................
15
27
38
16
5
23
21
19
Is
not
disruptive
of
the
class
.......................................................
2
8
30
36
24
61
58
61
Knows
the
English
language
......................................................
13
12
33
24
17
40
45
39
Is
sensitive
to
other
children's
feelings
.......................................
1
6
35
41
17
61
58
56
Sits
still
and
pays
attention
.........................................................
3
12
43
30
12
46
37
43
Knows
the
letters
of
the
alphabet
...............................................
27
30
33
6
4
7
9
13
Can
follow
directions
...................................................................
2
7
31
41
19
61
61
58
Identifies
primary
colors
and
basic
shapes
................................
13
24
40
17
7
22
21
27
Communicates
needs,
wants,
and
thoughts
verbally
in
child's
primary
language
.........................................................
1
1
15
41
43
85
84
83
1
Less
than
0.5
percent.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Kindergarten
Teacher
Survey
on
Student
Readiness.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1994.)
63
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
49.
 
Child
care
arrangements
of
preschool
children,
by
age
and
household
characteristics:
1991
and
1995
Characteristics
Children
1
Percent
in
nonparental
arrangements
2
Percent
with
parental
care
only
Number,
in
thousands
Percent
Relative
care
Nonrelative
care
Center
based
program
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1991
Age,
total
...................................
8,428
100.0
16.9
14.8
52.8
31.0
3
years
old
...........................
3,749
44.5
16.1
14.8
42.3
37.8
4
years
old
...........................
3,636
43.1
18.1
14.8
60.4
25.9
5
years
old
...........................
1,044
12.4
15.6
15.0
63.9
24.3
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
hispanic
.............
5,867
69.6
14.8
17.3
54.0
30.6
Black,
non­
hispanic
..............
1,239
14.7
24.1
7.9
58.2
25.0
Hispanic
...............................
1,002
11.9
19.5
9.7
38.9
40.6
Other
....................................
319
3.8
19.3
12.1
53.2
32.6
Household
income
$
10,000
or
less
....................
1,495
17.7
16.8
6.3
44.9
42.4
10,001
to
20,000
..................
1,437
17.0
19.3
11.8
44.5
35.9
20,001
to
30,000
..................
1,711
20.3
18.9
12.9
44.5
38.5
30,001
to
40,000
..................
1,319
15.7
15.9
15.7
53.2
29.7
40,001
to
50,000
..................
936
11.1
16.6
21.4
60.0
23.1
50,001
to
75,000
..................
974
11.6
15.6
21.9
68.4
15.2
More
than
75,000
.................
556
6.6
9.6
25.9
80.4
8.8
1995
Age,
total
...................................
9,232
100.0
19.4
16.9
55.1
25.9
3
years
old
...........................
4,126
44.7
21.4
18.5
40.7
32.0
4
years
old
...........................
4,065
44.0
18.3
15.3
64.7
22.2
5
years
old
...........................
1,041
11.3
15.1
17.2
74.5
16.2
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
hispanic
.............
6,337
68.6
16.5
19.4
56.9
25.2
Black,
non­
hispanic
..............
1,396
15.1
28.6
11.3
59.5
20.3
Hispanic
...............................
1,042
11.3
22.8
12.5
37.4
38.4
Other
....................................
457
5.0
22.6
10.5
56.7
24.2
Household
income
$
10,000
or
less
....................
1,795
19.4
18.1
10.5
48.8
34.4
10,001
to
20,000
..................
1,204
13.0
25.2
15.1
44.6
32.7
20,001
to
30,000
..................
1,484
16.1
20.7
13.5
45.5
34.2
30,001
to
40,000
..................
1,319
14.3
20.0
20.3
46.1
29.7
40,001
to
50,000
..................
1,037
11.2
18.1
19.8
55.5
23.1
50,001
to
75,000
..................
1,381
15.0
18.8
19.1
71.1
11.8
More
than
75,000
.................
1,012
11.0
13.7
25.2
82.2
7.8
1
Estimates
are
based
only
on
children
3
to
5
years
old
who
have
not
entered
kindergarten

2
Columns
do
not
add
up
to
total
because
some
children
participated
in
more
than
one
type
of
nonparental
arrangement.
3
Center
based
programs
include
day
care
centers,
nursery
schools,
prekindergarten,
preschools
and
Head
Start
programs.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey
(
NHES),
1991
and
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1996.)

Table
50.
 
Participation
of
public
kindergarten
children
in
selected
activities
5
days
a
week,
by
length
and
size
of
class
and
teacher
preparation:
Spring
1993
Activity
Total
Percent
of
kindergarten
classes
participating
in
activity
every
day
Length
of
kindergarten
class
Size
of
kindergarten
class
Teacher
majored
in
early
childhood
education
Full­
day
Half­
day
Less
than
20
20
to
25
More
than
25
Yes
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Listening
to
stories
read
aloud
....................................................
90
91
90
87
92
91
91
89
Running,
climbing,
jumping,
and
other
gross
motor
activities
....
58
72
48
55
57
64
60
56
Free
play
.....................................................................................
66
72
62
64
67
67
67
66
Choosing
from
a
set
of
specific
options
(
like
building
blocks,
objects,
or
books)
....................................................................
69
72
67
69
71
65
72
66
Using
objects
for
math
or
science
..............................................
49
61
41
48
51
48
53
45
Dramatic
play,
arts
and
crafts,
music
(
creative
activities)
..........
64
66
63
62
65
66
68
60
Using
worksheets
for
literary
skills
.............................................
14
25
13
21
18
17
19
18
Using
worksheets
for
math
or
science
.......................................
18
20
9
17
12
15
16
12
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Kindergarten
Teacher
Survey
on
Student
Readiness.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1994.)
64
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
51.
 
Number
of
hours
children
age
5
and
under
spend
in
center­
based
programs,
by
child
and
maternal
characteristics,
and
household
income:
1995
Child
and
maternal
characteristics,
and
household
income
Number
of
children,
age
0
to
5,1
in
thousands
Children
in
center­
based
progrqams
1
Percentage
distribution
of
children,
by
hours
in
center­
based
programs
per
week
1
Number
in
thousands
Percent
1
to
10
11
to
20
21
to
30
31
to
40
Over
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
children
............................................................
21,421
6,536
30.5
31.6
20.2
12.5
22.1
13.6
Age
Under
1
year
..............................................................
4,158
270
6.5
9.2
17.9
11.7
47.9
13.2
1
year
old
...................................................................
4,027
434
10.8
15.2
14.2
13.9
34.1
22.5
2
years
old
...................................................................
4,007
749
18.7
23.7
13.2
10.8
29.2
23.1
3
years
old
...................................................................
4,126
1,679
40.7
35.5
16.5
13.4
20.3
14.3
4
years
old
...................................................................
4,065
2,631
64.7
37.3
25.3
11.4
16.4
9.6
5
years
old
...................................................................
1,038
774
74.5
32.9
25.1
15.2
18.1
8.7
Sex
Male
.............................................................................
10,993
3,276
29.8
31.4
19.8
13.9
21.1
13.9
Female
.........................................................................
10,429
3,260
31.3
31.8
20.6
11.1
23.2
13.3
Race/
ethnicity
of
child
White
............................................................................
13,996
4,600
32.9
37.6
20.2
12.2
17.6
12.4
Black
............................................................................
3,344
1,103
33.0
6.7
15.2
13.0
45.8
19.2
Hispanic
.......................................................................
2,838
484
17.0
20.9
29.6
14.3
24.5
10.7
Other
............................................................................
1,243
349
28.1
20.9
21.5
13.8
23.8
20.0
Mother's
highest
education
Less
than
high
school
.................................................
4,205
824
19.6
16.5
20.1
18.9
29.2
15.4
High
school
diploma
2
..................................................
6,475
1,678
25.9
32.8
17.8
13.1
25.2
11.2
Some
postsecondary
..................................................
4,537
1,510
33.3
32.2
23.7
8.9
19.9
15.3
Associate
degree
.........................................................
1,479
507
34.3
34.6
21.4
15.4
14.8
13.8
Bachelor's
degree
........................................................
3,069
1,262
41.1
36.3
19.6
9.3
20.1
14.8
Some
graduate
or
master's
degree
............................
1,368
640
46.8
30.7
20.0
15.9
20.8
12.6
Doctor's
or
professional
degree
..................................
288
115
39.9
23.9
12.5
19.7
36.0
7.9
Marital
status
of
mother
No
mother
in
household
..............................................
298
117
39.2
14.6
2.4
11.3
34.3
37.5
Married
.........................................................................
15,141
4,678
30.9
36.7
22.1
11.1
18.7
11.5
Separated
....................................................................
725
207
28.6
13.3
23.1
15.3
18.9
29.4
Divorced
.......................................................................
1,258
537
42.7
20.2
15.7
15.3
26.2
22.5
Widowed
......................................................................
172
63
36.4
29.9
16.8
20.9
5.5
26.9
Never
married
..............................................................
3,826
934
24.4
13.9
13.5
18.2
40.7
13.7
Mother's
employment
status
3
In
labor
force
...............................................................
12,770
4,576
35.8
24.5
17.5
13.6
27.0
17.4
Working
more
than
35
hours/
week
..........................
7,101
2,760
38.9
16.4
12.4
11.1
33.8
26.4
Working
35
hours/
week
or
less
...............................
4,034
1,413
35.0
40.9
27.7
15.3
12.9
3.3
Looking
for
work
......................................................
1,635
403
24.7
22.5
16.8
27.5
30.2
3.0
Not
in
labor
force
.........................................................
8,354
1,842
22.1
51.2
28.4
9.6
8.6
2.3
Household
income
$
5,000
or
less
..............................................................
2,066
509
24.6
17.1
26.5
15.3
32.2
8.9
$
5,001
to
$
10,000
.......................................................
2,437
619
25.4
18.0
22.8
18.3
32.2
8.7
$
10,001
to
$
15,001
.....................................................
1,521
342
22.5
17.5
19.1
17.6
27.2
18.6
$
15,001
to
$
20,000
.....................................................
1,388
351
25.3
23.5
22.2
16.3
22.1
15.9
$
20,001
to
$
25,000
.....................................................
1,603
347
21.6
23.9
11.1
14.6
31.4
19.0
$
25,001
to
$
30,000
.....................................................
1,783
506
28.4
25.0
19.8
14.7
22.3
18.1
$
30,001
to
$
35,000
.....................................................
1,453
371
25.6
37.6
15.9
11.1
27.5
8.0
$
35,001
to
$
40,000
....................................................
1,595
439
27.5
33.1
21.5
10.3
20.1
15.0
$
40,001
to
$
50,000
.....................................................
2,304
743
32.2
41.3
19.2
7.1
21.7
10.7
$
50,001
to
$
75,000
.....................................................
3,063
1,229
40.1
37.1
17.0
11.7
18.0
16.2
More
than
$
75,000
......................................................
2,211
1,080
48.8
36.7
24.5
11.2
15.3
12.2
1
Excludes
children
who
have
entered
kindergarten.
2
Includes
equivalency
certificates.
3
Excludes
data
for
households
with
no
mother
present
in
household.

NOTE.
 
Details
may
not
add
to
totals
because
of
rounding.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey
(
NHES),
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1999.)
65
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
52.
 
Public
school
pupils
transported
at
public
expense
and
current
expenditures
for
transportation:
1929
 
30
to
1995
 
96
School
year
Average
daily
attendance,
all
students
Pupils
transported
at
public
expense
Expenditures
for
transportation
(
in
current
dollars)
Expenditures
for
transportation
(
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars)

Number
Percent
of
total
Total
1
(
in
thousands)
Average
per
pupil
transported
Total
1
(
in
thousands)
Average
per
pupil
transported
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1929
 
30
...........
21,265,000
1,902,826
8.9
$
54,823
$
29
$
494,839
$
260
1931
 
32
...........
22,245,000
2,419,173
10.9
58,078
24
622,394
257
1933
 
34
...........
22,458,000
2,794,724
12.4
53,908
19
628,967
225
1935
 
36
...........
22,299,000
3,250,658
14.6
62,653
19
704,402
217
1937
 
38
...........
22,298,000
3,769,242
16.9
75,637
20
815,771
216
1939
 
40
...........
22,042,000
4,144,161
18.8
83,283
20
920,732
222
1941
 
42
...........
21,031,000
4,503,081
21.4
92,922
21
920,757
204
1943
 
44
...........
19,603,000
4,512,412
23.0
107,754
24
955,408
212
1945
 
46
...........
19,849,000
5,056,966
25.5
129,756
26
1,098,964
217
1947
 
48
...........
20,910,000
5,854,041
28.0
176,265
30
1,168,796
200
1949
 
50
...........
22,284,000
6,947,384
31.2
214,504
31
1,399,353
201
1951
 
52
...........
23,257,000
7,697,130
33.1
268,827
35
1,580,252
205
1953
 
54
...........
25,643,871
8,411,719
32.8
307,437
37
1,766,288
210
1955
 
56
...........
27,740,149
9,695,819
35.0
353,972
37
2,034,322
210
1957
 
58
...........
29,722,275
10,861,689
36.5
416,491
38
2,253,234
207
1959
 
60
...........
32,477,440
12,225,142
37.6
486,338
40
2,557,234
209
1961
 
62
...........
34,682,340
13,222,667
38.1
576,361
44
2,962,532
224
1963
 
64
...........
37,405,058
14,475,778
38.7
673,845
47
3,375,561
233
1965
 
66
...........
39,154,497
15,536,567
39.7
787,358
51
3,812,424
245
1967
 
68
...........
40,827,965
17,130,873
42.0
981,006
57
4,456,758
260
1969
 
70
...........
41,934,376
18,198,577
43.4
1,218,557
67
4,983,906
274
1971
 
72
...........
42,254,272
19,474,355
46.1
1,507,830
77
5,661,233
291
1973
 
74
...........
41,438,054
21,347,039
51.5
1,858,141
87
6,157,272
288
1975
 
76
...........
41,269,720
21,772,483
52.8
2,377,313
109
6,622,937
304
1977
 
78
...........
40,079,590
2
21,800,000
54.4
2,731,041
125
6,736,797
2
309
1979
 
80
...........
38,288,911
21,713,515
56.7
3,833,145
177
7,628,469
351
1980
 
81
...........
37,703,744
2
22,272,000
59.1
2
4,408,000
198
2
7,862,000
2
353
1981
 
82
...........
37,094,652
2
22,246,000
60.0
2
4,793,000
215
2
7,869,000
2
354
1982
 
83
...........
36,635,868
2
22,199,000
60.6
2
5,000,000
225
2
7,871,000
2
355
1983
 
84
...........
36,362,978
2
22,031,000
60.6
2
5,284,000
240
2
8,021,000
2
364
1984
 
85
...........
36,404,261
2
22,320,000
61.3
2
5,722,000
256
2
8,358,000
2
374
1985
 
86
...........
36,523,103
2
22,041,000
60.3
2
6,123,000
278
2
8,694,000
2
394
1986
 
87
...........
36,863,867
2
22,397,000
60.8
2
6,551,000
292
2
9,099,000
2
406
1987
 
88
...........
37,050,707
2
22,158,000
59.8
2
6,888,000
311
2
9,187,000
2
415
1988
 
89
...........
37,268,072
2
22,635,000
60.7
2
7,550,000
334
2
9,625,000
2
425
1989
 
90
...........
37,799,296
2
22,459,000
59.4
8,030,990
358
9,771,908
2
435
1990
 
91
...........
38,426,543
2
22,000,000
57.3
8,678,954
394
10,012,907
2
455
1991
 
92
...........
38,960,783
2
23,165,000
59.5
8,769,754
379
9,803,535
2
423
1992
 
93
...........
39,570,462
2
23,439,000
59.2
9,252,300
395
10,029,682
2
428
1993
 
94
...........
40,146,393
2
23,858,000
59.4
9,627,155
404
10,172,521
2
426
1994
 
95
...........
40,720,763
2
23,693,000
58.2
9,889,034
417
10,158,075
2
429
1995
 
96
...........
41,501,596
2
24,155,000
58.2
10,394,695
430
10,394,695
2
430
1
Excludes
capital
outlay
for
years
through
1979
 
80,
and
1989
 
90
to
1995
 
96.
From
1980
 
81
to
1988
 
89
total
transportation
figures
include
capital
outlay.
2
Estimate
based
on
data
appearing
in
January
issues
of
School
Bus
Fleet.

NOTE.
 
Constant
dollars
are
adjusted
for
inflation
using
the
Consumer
Price
Index
computed
on
a
school
year
basis.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education,
and
unpublished
data;
and
Bobit
Publishing
Co.,
School
Bus
Fleet,
January
issues.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
66
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PROGRAMS
FOR
THE
DISABLED
Table
53.
 
Children
0
to
21
years
old
served
in
federally
supported
programs
for
the
disabled,
by
type
of
disability:
1976
 
77
to
1996
 
97
Type
of
disability
1976
 
77
1980
 
81
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
served,
1
in
thousands
All
disabilities
....................................
3,692
4,142
4,315
4,317
4,374
4,446
4,527
4,641
4,762
4,949
5,176
5,365
5,539
5,745
5,920
Specific
learning
disabilities
....................
796
1,462
1,832
1,862
1,914
1,928
1,970
2,050
2,130
2,234
2,351
2,408
2,489
2,579
2,651
Speech
or
language
impairments
...........
1,302
1,168
1,126
1,125
1,136
953
967
973
985
997
994
1,014
1,015
1,022
1,045
Mental
retardation
...................................
959
829
694
660
643
582
564
548
534
538
518
536
555
570
579
Serious
emotional
disturbance
................
283
346
372
375
383
373
376
381
390
399
400
414
427
438
446
Hearing
impairments
...............................
87
79
69
66
65
56
56
57
58
60
60
64
64
67
68
Orthopedic
impairments
..........................
87
58
56
57
57
47
47
48
49
51
52
56
60
63
66
Other
health
impairments
........................
141
98
68
57
52
45
43
52
55
58
65
82
106
133
160
Visual
impairments
..................................
38
31
28
27
26
22
23
22
23
24
23
24
24
25
25
Multiple
disabilities
..................................
 
68
69
86
97
77
85
86
96
97
102
108
88
93
98
Deaf­
blindness
........................................
 
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Autism
and
other
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
19
24
30
38
45
Preschool
disabled
2
................................
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
363
394
422
441
484
590
634
680
717
737
Percentage
distribution
of
children
served
All
disabilities
....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Specific
learning
disabilities
....................
21.6
35.3
42.4
43.1
43.8
43.4
43.6
44.2
44.7
45.1
45.4
44.9
44.9
44.9
44.8
Speech
or
language
impairments
...........
35.3
28.2
26.1
26.1
26.0
21.4
21.1
21.0
20.7
20.2
19.2
18.9
18.3
17.8
17.6
Mental
retardation
...................................
26.0
20.0
16.1
15.3
14.7
13.1
12.7
11.8
11.2
10.9
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.9
9.8
Serious
emotional
disturbance
................
7.7
8.4
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.5
Hearing
impairments
...............................
2.4
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
Orthopedic
impairments
..........................
2.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
Other
health
impairments
........................
3.8
2.4
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.9
2.3
2.7
Visual
impairments
..................................
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Multiple
disabilities
..................................
 
1.6
1.6
2.0
2.2
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.7
Deaf­
blindness
........................................
 
0.1
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
Autism
and
other
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
Preschool
disabled
2
...............................
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.3
9.8
11.4
11.8
12.3
12.5
12.4
Number
served
as
a
percent
of
total
enrollment
5
All
disabilities
....................................
8.33
10.13
11.00
10.95
11.00
11.11
11.26
11.44
11.55
11.77
12.08
12.34
12.55
12.81
12.98
Specific
learning
disabilities
....................
1.80
3.58
4.67
4.72
4.81
4.82
4.90
5.06
5.17
5.31
5.49
5.54
5.64
5.75
5.81
Speech
or
language
impairments
...........
2.94
2.86
2.87
2.85
2.86
2.38
2.41
2.40
2.39
2.37
2.32
2.33
2.30
2.28
2.29
Mental
retardation
...................................
2.16
2.03
1.77
1.68
1.62
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.28
1.21
1.23
1.26
1.27
1.27
Serious
emotional
disturbance
................
0.64
0.85
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.94
0.95
0.97
0.98
0.98
Hearing
impairments
...............................
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
Orthopedic
impairments
..........................
0.20
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
Other
health
impairments
........................
0.32
0.24
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.11
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.30
0.35
Visual
impairments
..................................
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.06
Multiple
disabilities
..................................
 
0.17
0.17
0.22
0.24
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.20
0.21
0.21
Deaf­
blindness
........................................
 
0.01
(
6)
0.01
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
Autism
and
other
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.01
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
Preschool
disabled
2
...............................
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
0.91
0.98
1.04
1.07
1.15
1.38
1.46
1.54
1.60
1.62
1
Includes
students
served
under
Chapter
I
and
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
(
IDEA),
formerly
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act.
2
Includes
preschool
children
3
 
5
years
and
0
 
5
years
served
under
Chapter
I
and
IDEA,
respectively.
3
Prior
to
1987
 
88,
these
students
were
included
in
the
counts
by
handicapping
condition
Beginning
in
1987
 
88,
states
were
no
longer
required
to
report
preschool
handicapped
students
(
0
 
5
years)
by
handicapping
condition.
4
Less
than
.05
percent.
5
Based
on
the
enrollment
in
public
schools,
kindergarten
through
12th
grade,
including
a
relatively
small
number
of
prekindergarten
students.
6
Less
than
.005
percent.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Counts
are
based
on
reports
from
the
50
states
and
District
of
Columbia
only
(
i.
e.,
figures
from
U.
S.
territories
are
not
included).
Increases
since
1987
 
88
are
due
in
part
to
new
legislation
enacted
fall
1986,
which
mandates
public
school
special
education
services
for
all
handicapped
children
ages
3
through
5.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services,
Annual
Report
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act,
various
years,
and
unpublished
tabulations;
and
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
67
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PROGRAMS
FOR
THE
DISABLED
Table
54.
 
Percentage
distribution
of
disabled
persons
3
to
21
years
old
receiving
education
services
for
the
disabled,
by
age
group
and
educational
environment:
1995
 
96
Type
of
disability
All
environments
Regular
class
Resource
room
Separate
class
Public
separate
school
facility
Private
separate
school
facility
Public
residential
facility
Private
residential
facility
Homebound/
hospital
environment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All
persons,
3
to
21
years
old
....................................
100.0
45.4
26.8
23.2
2.2
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.7
3
to
5
years
old
.......................
100.0
50.7
9.3
31.7
4.1
1.5
0.1
0.1
2.5
6
to
21
years
old
.....................
100.0
44.8
28.5
22.4
2.0
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.6
Mental
retardation
...............
100.0
9.9
26.9
56.0
5.2
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.5
Speech
or
language
impairments
......................
100.0
87.6
7.5
4.5
0.2
0.1
(
1)
(
1)
0.1
Visual
impairments
.............
100.0
46.8
20.1
17.4
2.9
1.9
9.4
0.9
0.5
Serious
emotional
disturbance
.......................
100.0
22.1
24.0
35.2
8.3
5.4
1.7
1.6
1.8
Orthopedic
impairments
......
100.0
39.3
20.4
31.9
4.4
1.1
0.3
0.1
2.5
Other
health
impairments
...
100.0
42.8
28.8
18.5
1.1
0.6
0.1
0.2
7.9
Specific
learning
disabilities
100.0
41.3
39.3
18.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
(
1)
0.2
Deaf­
blindness
....................
100.0
9.7
8.7
37.2
17.7
3.8
17.8
2.7
2.3
Multiple
disabilities
..............
100.0
9.1
11.9
51.5
15.4
6.7
2.0
1.5
1.9
Hearing
impairments
...........
100.0
35.4
19.1
28.5
3.8
2.7
9.3
1.0
0.2
Autism
.................................
100.0
10.8
9.4
54.7
15.2
6.6
0.7
2.2
0.5
Traumatic
brain
injury
.........
100.0
26.1
24.2
30.3
3.1
11.3
0.3
2.0
2.7
1
Less
than
0.05
percent.

NOTE.
 
There
are
some
reporting
variations,
e.
g.,
estimated
or
incomplete
data
and
nonstandard
definitions,
from
state
to
state.
Data
for
3­
to
5­
year­
old
children
are
no
longer
collected
by
type
of
disability.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services,
Annual
Report
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1998.)

Table
55.
 
State
legislation
on
gifted
and
talented
programs
and
number
and
percent
of
students
receiving
services
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1993
 
94
and
1995
 
96
State
State­
mandated
gifted
and
talented
programs,
1995
 
96
1
Discretionary
state­
supported
gifted
and
talented
1995
 
96
2
Gifted
and
talented
students
receiving
services,
1993
 
94
Gifted
and
talented
students
as
a
percent
of
enrollment
1993
 
94
State
State­
mandated
gifted
and
talented
programs,
1995
 
96
1
Discretionary
state­
supported
gifted
and
talented
1995
 
96
2
Gifted
and
talented
students
receiving
services,
1993
 
94
Gifted
and
talented
students
as
a
percent
of
enrollment
1993
 
94
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Alabama
...................
X
16,522
2.4
Montana
...............
X
 
 
Alaska
.......................
X
4,696
4.0
Nebraska
..............
X
18,600
10.0
Arizona
.....................
X
39,200
 
Nevada
.................
X
8,343
2.0
Arkansas
..................
X
34,710
8.0
New
Hampshire
...
X
 
 
California
..................
X
290,000
5.0
New
Jersey
..........
 
 
 
 
Colorado
...................
X
 
 
New
Mexico
.........
X
 
 
Connecticut
..............
X
16,871
3
3.5
New
York
.............
X
135,000
6.0
Delaware
..................
X
 
5.0
North
Carolina
......
X
88,450
8.0
District
of
Columbia
..
 
 
 
9.0
North
Dakota
........
X
1,107
1.0
Florida
......................
X
74,572
3.5
Ohio
......................
X
244,670
13.0
Georgia
.....................
 
 
 
5.0
Oklahoma
.............
X
61,082
10.0
Hawaii
.......................
X
18,000
11.0
Oregon
.................
X
 
8.5
Idaho
........................
X
 
1.3
Pennsylvania
........
X
79,756
4.6
Illinois
.......................
X
4
166,234
5.0
Rhode
Island
........
X
 
3.5
 
5.0
Indiana
......................
X
85,192
8.9
South
Carolina
.....
X
52,000
10.0
Iowa
..........................
X
 
4.0
South
Dakota
.......
X
6,515
4.4
Kansas
.....................
X
 
3.1
Tennessee
...........
X
18,626
2.0
Kentucky
...................
X
52,600
5.0
Texas
...................
X
248,769
7.0
Louisiana
..................
X
24,000
3.2
Utah
......................
X
 
 
Maine
........................
X
10,100
5.0
Vermont
................
 
 
 
 
Maryland
...................
X
90,222
12.0
Virginia
.................
X
121,598
9.2
Massachusetts
.........
X
 
 
Washington
..........
X
38,781
1.5
Michigan
...................
X
225,154
14.0
West
Virginia
........
X
 
3.5
Minnesota
.................
X
55,467
7.2
Wisconsin
.............
X
 
15.0
Mississippi
................
X
21,678
4.3
Wyoming
..............
X
 
3.0
Missouri
....................
X
24,877
5.0
Guam
...................
X
 
 
1
Mandate
requiring
identification
of
and/
or
services
for
gifted/
talented
students.
2
No
mandate
requiring
identification
of
or
services
for
gifted/
talented
students.
3Grades
2
through
6
only.
4
Data
for
1991
 
92.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Council
of
State
Directors
of
Programs
for
the
Gifted,
The
1994
and
1996
State
of
the
States
Gifted
and
Talented
Education
Reports.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
68
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PROGRAMS
FOR
THE
DISABLED
Table
56.
 
Number
of
children
served
under
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
and
Chapter
1
of
the
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act,
State
Operated
Programs,
by
age
group
and
state:
1990
 
91
to
1996
 
97
State
Birth
to
age
21
Percent
of
students
that
are
disabled,
1996
 
97
1
Ages
0
to
5
Percent
change,
birth
to
21,
1990
 
91
to
1996
 
97
1990
 
91
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1990
 
91
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
.............
4,761,742
5,538,756
5,745,338
5,919,767
13.0
440,661
679,634
716,624
737,025
24.3
Alabama
..........................
94,945
100,473
99,594
99,302
13.3
7,498
9,800
9,922
9,798
4.6
Alaska
.............................
14,745
17,942
18,036
18,061
13.9
1,813
2,458
2,447
2,317
22.5
Arizona
............................
57,235
73,914
77,688
81,099
10.1
4,936
8,748
9,479
9,357
41.7
Arkansas
.........................
47,835
54,279
56,055
57,475
12.6
5,274
8,543
9,695
9,903
20.2
California
.........................
469,282
563,489
583,789
604,075
10.6
40,489
71,461
72,914
75,802
28.7
Colorado
.........................
57,102
71,496
73,633
73,992
11.0
4,894
10,212
11,060
9,717
29.6
Connecticut
.....................
64,562
75,695
78,549
84,412
16.0
6,142
8,864
9,764
10,834
30.7
Delaware
.........................
14,294
16,701
17,012
16,421
14.9
1,579
3,287
3,293
2,578
14.9
District
of
Columbia
........
6,290
6,831
7,398
7,059
9.0
411
542
727
727
12.2
Florida
.............................
236,013
301,723
320,955
334,707
14.9
16,387
32,292
37,851
38,945
41.8
Georgia
...........................
101,997
132,451
138,514
144,512
10.7
7,333
16,028
16,786
17,656
41.7
Hawaii
.............................
13,169
19,020
19,903
20,350
10.8
1,273
5,082
5,180
4,851
54.5
Idaho
...............................
22,017
23,737
24,671
26,128
10.7
3,129
3,849
3,936
4,144
18.7
Illinois
..............................
239,185
258,461
265,456
275,198
13.9
26,122
32,195
33,461
35,783
15.1
Indiana
............................
114,643
132,714
138,150
142,667
14.5
8,937
15,203
16,449
17,454
24.4
Iowa
................................
60,695
65,034
66,914
69,060
13.7
6,329
6,679
6,800
6,899
13.8
Kansas
............................
45,212
52,861
55,031
56,845
12.2
4,308
7,056
7,564
7,860
25.7
Kentucky
.........................
79,421
82,021
84,524
87,137
13.3
11,008
15,343
16,320
17,105
9.7
Louisiana
.........................
73,663
91,344
93,304
94,727
11.9
7,541
12,291
11,833
11,450
28.6
Maine
..............................
27,987
31,037
32,719
33,678
15.8
2,895
3,695
4,402
4,316
20.3
Maryland
.........................
91,940
100,565
104,558
108,453
13.2
10,409
12,846
13,181
13,613
18.0
Massachusetts
................
154,616
164,784
165,680
168,082
18.0
17,014
22,381
22,725
23,594
8.7
Michigan
..........................
166,927
186,431
193,152
198,772
11.8
14,963
21,262
22,625
23,553
19.1
Minnesota
.......................
80,896
96,539
100,888
103,929
12.3
10,529
13,324
13,399
13,576
28.5
Mississippi
.......................
60,934
65,912
67,520
66,161
13.1
5,704
6,871
7,323
6,881
8.6
Missouri
...........................
101,955
119,148
123,811
127,864
14.2
4,889
10,297
10,804
10,972
25.4
Montana
..........................
17,204
18,161
18,876
19,119
11.6
1,934
2,117
2,278
2,240
11.1
Nebraska
.........................
32,761
38,763
39,926
40,578
13.9
2,961
4,048
4,029
4,003
23.9
Nevada
............................
18,440
27,091
29,043
30,913
11.0
1,742
3,628
4,007
4,202
67.6
New
Hampshire
..............
19,658
24,546
26,163
27,592
13.9
2,077
2,788
3,178
3,461
40.4
New
Jersey
.....................
181,319
194,940
200,469
206,252
17.1
17,190
18,970
20,046
20,617
13.8
New
Mexico
....................
36,037
46,844
49,325
51,280
15.4
2,247
5,596
6,310
6,840
42.3
New
York
........................
307,458
383,822
407,421
427,907
15.1
26,353
54,470
61,289
64,822
39.2
North
Carolina
.................
123,126
145,510
151,414
158,272
13.1
10,700
21,130
21,007
21,259
28.5
North
Dakota
...................
12,504
12,386
12,581
12,991
10.8
1,374
1,329
1,434
1,437
3.9
Ohio
................................
205,440
239,696
242,734
243,312
13.2
12,487
34,249
33,409
35,634
18.4
Oklahoma
........................
65,653
72,496
73,495
75,601
12.2
5,359
6,657
7,079
7,035
15.2
Oregon
............................
55,149
60,619
66,156
65,543
12.2
3,581
6,030
7,231
7,431
18.8
Pennsylvania
...................
219,428
213,785
218,556
222,494
12.3
23,156
26,064
27,525
27,541
1.4
Rhode
Island
...................
21,076
24,494
26,048
27,354
18.1
2,112
2,932
3,309
3,210
29.8
South
Carolina
................
77,765
84,217
88,419
92,787
14.2
8,346
11,495
12,216
12,518
19.3
South
Dakota
..................
14,987
16,114
15,888
15,485
10.8
2,366
2,586
2,552
2,587
3.3
Tennessee
......................
104,898
126,909
129,617
128,672
14.2
7,536
12,981
13,307
13,400
22.7
Texas
..............................
350,636
430,010
451,590
472,661
12.3
30,955
40,117
42,304
43,802
34.8
Utah
................................
47,747
52,778
54,527
55,848
11.6
4,565
6,128
6,925
7,189
17.0
Vermont
..........................
12,263
11,034
11,587
12,076
11.4
1,200
1,498
1,556
1,542
 
1.5
Virginia
............................
113,971
138,252
143,985
146,840
13.4
11,791
14,832
15,510
15,605
28.8
Washington
.....................
85,395
106,725
108,851
109,227
11.2
11,409
15,072
14,526
14,198
27.9
West
Virginia
...................
43,135
46,853
48,151
49,092
16.1
3,630
5,999
6,506
6,894
13.8
Wisconsin
........................
86,930
105,536
110,029
114,407
13.0
12,213
16,391
17,161
17,918
31.6
Wyoming
.........................
11,202
12,573
12,983
13,298
13.4
1,571
1,918
1,990
1,955
18.7
Bureau
of
Indian
Affairs
..
6,997
7,676
7,669
8,192
 
 
258
244
310
17.1
Outlying
areas
............
39,445
49,139
51,823
55,243
7.9
 
8,050
9,011
9,915
40.1
American
Samoa
............
363
479
400
415
2.8
 
87
93
88
14.3
Guam
..............................
1,750
1,909
1,980
2,099
6.3
 
307
301
336
19.9
Northern
Marianas
..........
411
256
331
379
4.2
 
53
80
107
 
7.8
Palau
...............................
459
152
120
116
 
 
10
10
7
 
74.7
Puerto
Rico
.....................
35,129
44,693
47,230
50,726
8.2
 
7,514
8,338
9,140
44.4
Virgin
Islands
..................
1,333
1,650
1,762
1,508
6.7
 
79
189
237
13.1
1
Percent
based
on
the
enrollment
in
public
schools,
prekindergarten
through
12th
grade.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
(
IDEA),
formerly
known
as
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act,
now
extends
the
right
to
a
free
and
appropriate
education
to
3­
to
5­
year­
old
disabled
children.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services,
Annual
Report
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act,
various
years,
and
unpublished
tabulations.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1998.)
69
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
57.
 
Enrollment
in
grades
9
to
12
in
public
and
private
schools
compared
with
population
14
to
17
years
of
age:
1889
 
90
to
fall
1997
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Year
Enrollment,
grades
9
to
12
1
Population
14
to
17
years
of
age
3
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
population
14
to
17
years
of
age
4
All
schools
Public
schools
Private
schools
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
1889
 
90
.......................................................
298
203
95
5,355
5.6
1899
 
1900
...................................................
630
519
111
6,152
10.2
1909
 
10
.......................................................
1,032
915
117
7,220
14.3
1919
 
20
.......................................................
2,414
2,200
214
7,736
31.2
1929
 
30
.......................................................
4,741
4,399
5
341
9,341
50.7
1939
 
40
.......................................................
7,059
6,601
6
458
9,720
72.6
1949
 
50
.......................................................
6,397
5,725
672
8,405
76.1
1951
 
52
.......................................................
6,538
5,882
656
8,516
76.8
1953
 
54
.......................................................
7,038
6,290
747
8,861
79.4
1955
 
56
.......................................................
7,696
6,873
823
9,207
83.6
1957
 
58
.......................................................
8,790
7,860
931
10,139
86.7
Fall
1959
......................................................
9,306
8,271
1,035
11,155
83.4
Fall
1961
......................................................
10,489
9,369
1,120
12,046
87.1
Fall
1963
......................................................
12,170
10,883
1,287
13,492
90.2
Fall
1965
......................................................
13,010
11,610
1,400
14,146
92.0
Fall
1966
......................................................
13,294
11,894
1,400
14,398
92.3
Fall
1967
......................................................
13,650
12,250
1,400
14,727
92.7
Fall
1968
......................................................
14,118
12,718
1,400
15,170
93.1
Fall
1969
......................................................
14,337
13,037
1,300
15,549
92.2
Fall
1970
......................................................
14,647
13,336
1,311
15,921
92.0
Fall
1971
......................................................
15,053
13,753
7
1,300
16,326
92.2
Fall
1972
......................................................
15,148
13,848
7
1,300
16,637
91.0
Fall
1973
......................................................
15,344
14,044
7
1,300
16,864
91.0
Fall
1974
......................................................
15,403
14,103
7
1,300
17,033
90.4
Fall
1975
......................................................
15,604
14,304
7
1,300
17,125
91.1
Fall
1976
......................................................
15,656
14,314
1,342
17,117
91.5
Fall
1977
......................................................
15,546
14,203
1,343
17,042
91.2
Fall
1978
......................................................
15,441
14,088
1,353
16,944
91.1
Fall
1979
......................................................
14,916
13,616
7
1,300
16,610
89.8
Fall
1980
......................................................
14,570
13,231
1,339
16,143
90.3
Fall
1981
......................................................
14,164
12,764
7
1,400
15,609
90.7
Fall
1982
......................................................
13,805
12,405
7
1,400
15,057
91.7
Fall
1983
......................................................
13,671
12,271
7
1,400
14,740
92.7
Fall
1984
......................................................
13,704
12,304
7
1,400
14,725
93.1
Fall
1985
......................................................
13,750
12,388
1,362
14,888
92.4
Fall
1986
......................................................
13,669
12,333
7
1,336
14,824
92.2
Fall
1987
......................................................
13,323
12,076
1,247
14,502
91.9
Fall
1988
......................................................
12,893
11,687
7
1,206
14,023
91.9
Fall
1989
......................................................
12,583
11,390
7
1,193
13,536
93.0
Fall
1990
......................................................
12,475
11,338
7
1,137
13,310
93.7
Fall
1991
......................................................
12,666
11,541
7
1,125
13,418
94.4
Fall
1992
......................................................
12,898
11,735
7
1,163
13,653
94.5
Fall
1993
......................................................
13,152
11,961
7
1,191
13,928
94.4
Fall
1994
......................................................
13,449
12,213
7
1,236
14,427
93.2
Fall
1995
......................................................
13,769
12,500
7
1,269
14,770
93.2
Fall
1996
......................................................
14,131
12,834
7
1,297
15,149
93.3
Fall
1997
7
....................................................
14,325
13,003
1,322
15,429
92.8
1
Includes
a
relatively
small
number
of
secondary
ungraded
and
postgraduate
students
2
Data
for
most
years
are
partly
estimated.
3
Data
for
1890
through
1950
are
from
the
decennial
censuses
of
population.
The
other
figures
are
Bureau
of
the
Census
estimates
as
of
July
1
preceding
the
opening
of
the
school
year.
4
Gross
enrollment
ratio
based
on
school
enrollment
of
all
ages
in
grades
9
to
12
divided
by
the
14­
to
17­
year­
old
population.
Differs
from
enrollment
rates
in
other
tables
which
are
based
on
the
enrollment
of
persons
in
the
given
age
group
only.
5
Data
are
for
1927
 
28.
6
Data
are
for
1940
 
41.
7
Estimated.
NOTE.
 
Includes
enrollment
in
public
schools
that
are
a
part
of
state
and
local
school
systems
and
also
in
most
private
schools,
both
religiously
affiliated
and
nonsectarian.
Excludes
enrollment
in
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children,
and
federal
schools.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Nonpublic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools;
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
70
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ENROLLMENT
Table
58.
 
Enrollment
in
foreign
language
courses
compared
with
enrollment
in
grades
9
to
12
in
public
secondary
schools:
Fall
1948
to
fall
1994
[
In
thousands]

Language
Fall
1948
Fall
1960
Fall
1965
Fall
1968
Fall
1970
Fall
1974
Fall
1976
Fall
1978
Fall
1982
Fall
1985
Fall
1990
Fall
1994
Percent
change
in
enrollment
1976
to
1990
1990
to
1994
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
enrollment,
grades
9
to
12
.......................
1
5,602
8,589
11,610
12,718
13,336
14,103
14,314
14,088
12,405
12,388
11,338
12,213
 
20.8
7.7
All
foreign
languages
2
Number
enrolled
............................
1,170
2,522
3,659
3,890
3,779
3,295
3,174
3,200
2,910
4,029
4,257
5,002
34.1
17.5
Percent
of
all
students
...................
20.9
29.4
31.5
30.6
28.3
23.3
22.2
22.7
23.3
32.2
37.5
41.0
 
 
Modern
foreign
languages
Number
enrolled
............................
741
1,867
3,068
3,518
3,514
3,127
3,023
3,048
2,740
3,852
4,093
4,813
35.4
17.6
Percent
of
all
students
...................
13.2
21.7
26.4
27.7
26.4
22.1
21.1
21.6
21.9
31.1
36.1
39.4
 
 
Spanish
Number
enrolled
............................
443
933
1,427
1,698
1,811
1,678
1,717
1,631
1,563
2,334
2,611
3,220
52.1
23.3
Percent
of
all
students
...................
7.9
10.9
12.3
13.4
13.6
11.9
12.0
11.6
12.5
18.8
23.0
26.4
 
 
French
Number
enrolled
............................
254
744
1,251
1,328
1,231
978
888
856
858
1,134
1,089
1,106
22.6
1.5
Percent
of
all
students
...................
4.5
8.7
10.8
10.4
9.2
6.9
6.2
6.1
6.9
9.2
9.6
9.1
 
 
German
Number
enrolled
............................
43
151
328
423
411
393
353
331
267
312
295
326
 
16.2
10.3
Percent
of
all
students
...................
0.8
1.8
2.8
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.7
 
 
Russian
Number
enrolled
............................
 
10
27
24
20
15
11
9
6
6
16
16
46.6
 
0.4
Percent
of
all
students
...................
 
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
(
3)
(
3)
0.1
0.1
 
 
Italian
Number
enrolled
............................
 
20
25
27
27
40
46
46
44
47
40
44
 
11.4
8.5
Percent
of
all
students
...................
 
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
 
 
Japanese
4
Number
enrolled
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25
42
 
68.3
Percent
of
all
students
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0.2
0.3
 
 
Other
modern
foreign
languages
5
Number
enrolled
............................
1
9
9
18
15
23
9
176
3
18
15
59
73.0
296.1
Percent
of
all
students
...................
(
3)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
1.2
(
3)
0.1
0.1
0.5
 
 
Latin
Number
enrolled
............................
429
655
591
372
265
167
150
152
170
177
164
189
8.9
15.2
Percent
of
all
students
...................
7.7
7.6
5.1
2.9
2.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
 
 
1
Estimated.
2
Includes
enrollment
in
ancient
Greek
(
not
shown
separately).
Fewer
than
1,000
students
were
enrolled
in
this
language
in
each
of
the
years
shown.
3
Less
than
0.05
percent.
4
Until
1990,
student
enrollment
in
Japanese
courses
was
included
in
the
Other
modern
foreign
languages
category.
5
Includes
students
enrolled
in
unspecified
modern
foreign
languages.
In
1978,
a
relatively
large
number
of
students
were
not
identified
by
field
of
study.
Since
1990,
enrollment
in
Japanese
courses
is
reported
as
a
separate
category.
 
Data
not
reported,
not
available,
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
American
Council
on
the
Teaching
of
Foreign
Languages
Foreign
Language
Enrollments
in
Public
Secondary
Schools,
Fall
1989,
Fall
1990,
and
Fall
1994.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
71
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PRIVATE
SCHOOLS
Table
59.
 
Student
participation
in
school
programs
and
services,
by
control,
level
of
school,
and
type
of
community:
1993
 
94
Control,
level,
and
community
type
Total
students
Percent
of
students
participating
in
program
or
service
Number
Percent
distribution
Bilingual
education
English
as
a
second
language
Remedial
reading
Remedial
mathematics
Programs
for
the
disabled
Programs
for
the
gifted
and
talented
Diagnostic
and
prescriptive
Extended
day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Public
total
.................................................
41,621,660
100.0
3.07
3.97
10.88
6.90
6.88
6.43
0.27
2.50
School
level
1
Elementary
.............................................
26,886,026
64.6
3.98
4.75
13.46
7.77
6.76
6.25
0.31
3.58
Secondary
..............................................
13,757,801
33.1
1.39
2.58
5.63
5.03
6.54
6.90
0.20
0.48
Combined
...............................................
977,833
2.3
1.80
1.88
13.70
9.39
14.84
4.72
0.44
1.31
Community
type
Central
city
.............................................
12,163,036
29.2
6.30
7.13
12.86
8.34
7.05
6.55
0.23
3.82
Urban
fringe/
large
town
..........................
13,559,662
32.6
2.04
3.90
8.84
5.60
6.34
7.26
0.23
2.69
Rural/
small
town
.....................................
15,898,962
38.2
1.48
1.60
11.09
6.90
7.20
5.63
0.35
1.33
Private
total
................................................
4,970,548
100.0
0.81
0.58
6.35
4.16
2.98
4.93
0.89
9.20
School
level
1
Elementary
.............................................
2,803,359
56.4
0.77
0.45
7.22
4.33
0.93
3.34
0.94
12.48
Secondary
..............................................
811,087
16.3
0.19
0.62
4.24
3.06
3.43
8.56
0.47
0.23
Combined
...............................................
1,356,102
27.3
1.25
0.83
5.82
4.46
6.95
6.05
1.03
7.76
Community
type
Central
city
.............................................
2,261,125
45.5
0.83
0.71
7.33
4.77
2.68
5.56
0.72
11.36
Urban
fringe/
large
town
..........................
1,810,230
36.4
0.97
0.57
5.98
4.15
3.58
5.24
0.85
8.89
Rural/
small
town
.....................................
899,193
18.1
0.42
0.27
4.63
2.62
2.50
2.75
1.48
4.39
1
Elementary
schools
have
grade
6
or
lower
or
a
low
grade
of
ungraded
and
no
grade
higher
than
8.
Secondary
schools
have
no
grade
lower
than
7.
Combined
schools
have
grades
lower
than
7
and
higher
than
8.

NOTE.
 
Students
may
participate
in
more
than
one
program
or
service.
Includes
only
kindergarten
pupils
who
attend
schools
that
offer
first
grade
or
above.
Excludes
prekindergarten
students.
Totals
differ
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables
because
of
varying
survey
processing
procedures
and
time
period
coverages.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)

Table
60.
 
Private
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment,
teachers,
and
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
Fall
1995
Selected
school
characteristics
Kindergarten
to
12th
grade
enrollment
1
Teachers
Schools
Total
Catholic
Other
religious
Nonsectarian
Total
Catholic
Other
religious
Nonsectarian
Total
Catholic
Other
religious
Nonsectarian
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
......................
5,032,200
2,519,205
1,743,791
769,204
361,909
140,941
136,513
84,455
27,686
8,248
13,081
6,357
Level
of
school
Elementary
...........
2,835,247
1,835,535
743,112
256,600
176,148
95,306
54,623
26,219
16,744
6,833
6,761
3,150
Secondary
............
811,422
606,239
121,259
83,924
59,880
38,863
10,390
10,628
2,533
1,149
662
722
Combined
.............
1,385,531
77,430
879,420
428,680
125,881
6,773
71,499
47,609
8,409
266
5,657
2,486
School
enrollment
Less
than
150
.......
925,845
152,653
523,779
249,412
93,526
12,091
49,441
31,994
15,843
1,537
9,362
4,944
150
to
299
............
1,443,244
806,922
474,656
161,666
97,255
45,281
34,663
17,311
6,667
3,630
2,261
775
300
to
499
............
1,211,421
733,555
348,410
129,456
76,820
39,582
24,352
12,885
3,187
1,923
924
340
500
to
749
............
790,747
479,808
203,282
107,657
49,810
25,263
14,026
10,522
1,333
813
340
179
750
or
more
..........
660,942
346,265
193,664
121,013
44,498
18,725
14,030
11,744
657
344
193
120
Percent
minority
students
None
.....................
333,914
68,327
238,108
27,479
28,099
4,264
21,278
2,557
4,256
465
3,265
525
1
to
9
percent
.......
2,269,371
1,248,074
773,237
248,061
151,276
69,148
56,896
25,232
9,619
3,900
4,294
1,424
10
to
29
percent
...
1,257,774
560,629
396,103
301,042
100,786
33,279
32,381
35,125
6,517
1,712
2,680
2,126
30
to
49
percent
...
385,183
191,536
118,286
75,361
29,139
10,885
8,994
9,259
2,261
602
865
793
50
percent
or
more
785,958
450,639
218,058
117,260
52,609
23,364
16,963
12,282
5,033
1,569
1,976
1,488
Community
type
Central
city
...........
2,492,539
1,325,035
809,785
357,719
173,755
72,906
62,332
38,517
11,357
3,878
4,603
2,876
Urban
fringe/
large
town
....................
1,968,029
995,863
675,252
296,914
141,393
55,139
51,826
34,428
10,325
3,154
4,590
2,581
Rural/
small
town
...
571,632
198,307
258,754
114,571
46,761
12,897
22,354
11,510
6,003
1,216
3,888
900
1
Includes
only
kindergarten
pupils
who
attend
schools
that
offer
first
or
higher
grade.
NOTE.
 
Includes
only
schools
that
offer
first
grade
or
above.
Excludes
prekindergarten
students.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Private
School
Survey,
1995.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
72
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PRIVATE
SCHOOLS
Table
61.
 
Private
elementary
and
secondary
staff
and
student/
staff
ratios,
by
level
and
orientation
of
school:
1993
 
94
Orientation
and
type
of
staff
Full­
time­
equivalent
staff
Students
per
full­
time­
equivalent
staff
member
Total
Elementary
1
Secondary
2
Combined
3
Total
Elementary
1
Secondary
2
Combined
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
.................................
534,636
240,894
104,213
189,529
9.3
11.6
7.8
7.2
Principals
..............................
23,589
13,180
2,459
7,950
210.7
212.7
329.8
170.6
Assistant
principals
..............
8,361
3,094
2,113
3,154
594.5
906.1
383.9
430.0
Other
managers
...................
7,801
1,510
3,483
2,808
637.2
1,856.5
232.9
483.0
Instruction
coordinators
........
6,063
1,837
1,293
2,933
819.8
1,526.1
627.3
462.4
Teachers
..............................
330,838
155,220
60,644
114,974
15.0
18.1
13.4
11.8
Teacher
aides
......................
33,905
16,516
2,566
14,823
146.6
169.7
316.1
91.5
Guidance
counselors
...........
8,640
1,713
3,758
3,169
575.3
1,636.5
215.8
428.0
Librarians/
media
specialists
8,946
4,320
1,950
2,676
555.6
648.9
415.9
506.8
Library/
media
center
aides
..
3,768
1,942
588
1,238
1,319.2
1,443.5
1,379.4
1,095.5
Student
support
staff
4
.........
11,003
2,207
2,684
6,112
451.8
1,270.2
302.2
221.9
Secretaries/
clerical
staff
.......
37,634
15,170
9,061
13,403
132.1
184.8
89.5
101.2
Other
employees
5
...............
54,092
24,187
13,615
16,290
91.9
115.9
59.6
83.3
Catholic
Total
................................
206,094
135,831
59,239
11,024
12.2
13.6
10.0
6.9
Principals
..............................
8,186
6,702
1,177
307
307.4
275.8
503.0
247.1
Assistant
principals
..............
2,854
1,210
1,475
169
881.6
1,527.5
401.4
448.9
Other
managers
...................
3,139
717
2,168
254
801.6
2,577.8
273.1
298.7
Instruction
coordinators
........
1,138
619
477
42
2,211.0
2,985.9
1,241.1
1,806.2
Teachers
..............................
132,240
88,524
37,132
6,584
19.0
20.9
15.9
11.5
Teacher
aides
......................
9,078
8,144
176
758
277.2
226.9
3,363.7
100.1
Guidance
counselors
...........
3,843
1,144
2,341
358
654.7
1,615.6
252.9
211.9
Librarians/
media
specialists
4,291
2,836
1,230
225
586.4
651.7
481.3
337.2
Library/
media
center
aides
..
1,969
1,489
363
117
1,277.9
1,241.3
1,630.9
648.4
Student
support
staff
4
.........
2,287
1,418
568
301
1,100.2
1,303.4
1,042.3
252.0
Secretaries/
clerical
staff
.......
13,731
8,139
4,841
751
183.2
227.1
122.3
101.0
Other
employees
5
...............
23,338
14,889
7,291
1,158
107.8
124.1
81.2
65.5
Other
religious
orientation
Total
................................
184,521
72,798
16,970
94,753
9.1
9.9
7.3
8.9
Principals
..............................
9,917
4,535
573
4,809
170.0
158.4
217.2
175.4
Assistant
principals
..............
3,184
1,102
278
1,804
529.5
651.7
447.7
467.5
Other
managers
...................
1,932
584
340
1,008
872.7
1,229.7
366.0
836.8
Instruction
coordinators
........
2,298
775
153
1,370
733.7
926.7
813.4
615.7
Teachers
..............................
120,253
46,973
10,366
62,914
14.0
15.3
12.0
13.4
Teacher
aides
......................
10,021
4,827
171
5,023
168.3
148.8
727.8
167.9
Guidance
counselors
...........
2,001
473
403
1,125
842.6
1,518.3
308.8
749.7
Librarians/
media
specialists
2,596
977
349
1,270
649.5
735.1
356.6
664.1
Library/
media
center
aides
..
990
330
112
548
1,703.1
2,176.3
1,111.1
1,539.1
Student
support
staff
4
.........
1,318
489
231
598
1,279.3
1,468.7
538.7
1,410.4
Secretaries/
clerical
staff
.......
13,551
5,033
1,637
6,881
124.4
142.7
76.0
122.6
Other
employees
5
...............
16,460
6,700
2,357
7,403
102.4
107.2
52.8
113.9
Non­
sectarian
Total
................................
144,025
32,267
28,005
83,753
5.3
7.3
3.4
5.2
Principals
..............................
5,486
1,943
709
2,834
140.1
121.9
133.5
154.2
Assistant
principals
..............
2,323
782
360
1,181
330.8
303.0
262.9
369.9
Other
managers
...................
2,730
209
975
1,546
281.5
1,133.6
97.1
282.6
Instruction
coordinators
........
2,627
443
663
1,521
292.5
534.8
142.7
287.2
Teachers
..............................
78,345
19,723
13,146
45,476
9.8
12.0
7.2
9.6
Teacher
aides
......................
14,806
3,545
2,219
9,042
51.9
66.8
42.6
48.3
Guidance
counselors
...........
2,796
96
1,014
1,686
274.8
2,468.0
93.3
259.1
Librarians/
media
specialists
2,059
507
371
1,181
373.2
467.3
255.1
369.9
Library/
media
center
aides
..
809
123
113
573
949.9
1,926.3
837.4
762.5
Student
support
staff
4
.........
7,398
300
1,885
5,213
103.9
789.8
50.2
83.8
Secretaries/
clerical
staff
.......
10,352
1,998
2,583
5,771
74.2
118.6
36.6
75.7
Other
employees
5
...............
14,294
2,598
3,967
7,729
53.8
91.2
23.9
56.5
1
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
with
no
grade
higher
than
8.
2
Schools
have
no
grade
lower
than
7.
3
Schools
have
grades
lower
than
7
and
higher
than
8.
4
Includes
student
support
services
professional
staff,
such
as
school
psychologists,
social
workers,
occupational
therapists,
speech
therapists,
and
nurses.
5
Includes
cafeteria
workers
and
maintenance
staff.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
a
sample
survey
and
may
not
be
strictly
comparable
with
data
reported
elsewhere.
Includes
only
schools
that
offer
first
grade
or
above.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1995.)
73
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PRIVATE
SCHOOLS
Table
62.
 
Private
elementary
and
secondary
enrollment
and
schools,
by
amount
of
tuition,
level,
and
orientation
of
school:
1993
 
94
Orientation
and
tuition
Kindergarten
through
12th
grade
enrollment
1
Schools
Average
tuition
paid
by
students
2
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
........................................................
4,970,646
2,803,359
811,087
1,356,199
26,093
15,538
2,551
8,004
$
3,116
$
2,138
$
4,578
$
4,266
Catholic
.......................................................
2,516,130
1,848,257
592,011
75,862
8,351
6,924
1,161
266
2,178
1,628
3,643
4,153
Less
then
$
1,000
...................................
393,901
378,724
(
3)
(
3)
1,786
1,706
(
3)
(
3)
 
 
 
 
$
1,000
to
$
2,499
....................................
1,368,046
1,274,601
81,955
(
3)
4,834
4,542
235
(
3)
 
 
 
 
$
2,500
to
$
4,999
....................................
675,708
188,123
452,901
(
3)
1,533
642
782
(
3)
 
 
 
 
$
5,000
or
more
......................................
71,929
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
 
 
 
 
Other
religious
............................................
1,686,064
718,170
124,447
843,448
12,180
6,328
612
5,240
2,915
2,606
5,261
2,831
Less
then
$
1,000
...................................
113,382
66,259
(
3)
45,878
2,435
1,386
(
3)
1,044
 
 
 
 
$
1,000
to
$
2,499
....................................
839,447
387,917
(
3)
435,788
6,759
3,645
(
3)
3,012
 
 
 
 
$
2,500
to
$
4,999
....................................
513,773
187,164
62,993
263,615
2,198
970
316
913
 
 
 
 
$
5,000
or
more
......................................
203,014
68,255
38,655
96,104
738
303
172
263
 
 
 
 
Non­
sectarian
..............................................
768,451
236,932
94,629
436,890
5,563
2,287
778
2,498
6,631
4,693
9,525
7,056
Less
then
$
1,000
...................................
49,128
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
912
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
 
 
 
 
$
1,000
to
$
2,499
....................................
121,869
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
666
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
 
 
 
 
$
2,500
to
$
4,999
....................................
200,857
119,326
(
3)
74,395
1,810
1,301
(
3)
465
 
 
 
 
$
5,000
or
more
......................................
396,244
82,596
74,283
239,364
2,166
456
408
1,302
 
 
 
 
1
Only
includes
kindergarten
students
who
attend
schools
that
offer
first
grade
or
above.
2
Tuition
weighted
by
the
number
of
students
enrolled
in
schools.
3
Too
few
sample
cases
(
fewer
than
30
schools)
for
reliable
estimates.
 
Data
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
a
sample
survey
and
may
not
be
strictly
comparable
with
data
reported
elsewhere.
Elementary
schools
have
grade
6
or
lower
and
no
grade
higher
than
8.
Secondary
schools
have
no
grade
lower
than
7.
Combined
schools
have
grades
lower
than
7
and
higher
than
8.
Excludes
prekindergarten
students.
Because
of
rounding
and
missing
values
in
cells
with
too
few
sample
cases,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1995.)

Table
63.
 
Summary
statistics
on
Catholic
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level:
1919
 
20
to
1997
 
98
School
year
Number
of
schools
Enrollment
Instructional
staff
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Total
Elementary
Secondary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1919
 
20
.........
8,103
6,551
1,552
1,925,521
1,795,673
129,848
1
49,516
1
41,592
1
7,924
1929
 
30
.........
10,046
7,923
2,123
2,464,467
2,222,598
241,869
1
72,552
1
58,245
1
14,307
1939
 
40
.........
10,049
7,944
2,105
2,396,305
2,035,182
361,123
1
81,057
1
60,081
1
20,976
1949
 
50
.........
10,778
8,589
2,189
3,066,387
2,560,815
505,572
1
94,295
1
66,525
1
27,770
Fall
1960
........
12,893
10,501
2,392
5,253,791
4,373,422
880,369
1
151,902
1
108,169
1
43,733
1969
 
70
.........
11,771
9,695
2,076
4,658,098
3,607,168
1,050,930
2
195,400
2
133,200
2
62,200
1970
 
71
.........
11,350
9,370
1,980
4,363,566
3,355,478
1,008,088
166,208
112,750
53,458
1974
 
75
.........
10,127
8,437
1,690
3,504,000
2,602,000
902,000
150,179
100,011
50,168
1975
 
76
.........
9,993
8,340
1,653
3,415,000
2,525,000
890,000
149,276
99,319
49,957
1979
 
80
.........
9,640
8,100
1,540
3,139,000
2,293,000
846,000
147,294
97,724
49,570
1980
 
81
.........
9,559
8,043
1,516
3,106,000
2,269,000
837,000
145,777
96,739
49,038
1981
 
82
.........
9,494
7,996
1,498
3,094,000
2,266,000
828,000
146,172
96,847
49,325
1982
 
83
.........
9,432
7,950
1,482
3,007,189
2,211,412
795,777
146,460
97,337
49,123
1983
 
84
.........
9,401
7,937
1,464
2,969,000
2,179,000
790,000
146,913
98,591
48,322
1984
 
85
.........
9,325
7,876
1,449
2,903,000
2,119,000
784,000
149,888
99,820
50,068
1985
 
86
.........
9,220
7,790
1,430
2,821,000
2,061,000
760,000
146,594
96,741
49,853
1986
 
87
.........
9,102
7,693
1,409
2,726,000
1,998,000
728,000
141,930
93,554
48,376
1987
 
88
.........
8,992
7,601
1,391
2,623,031
1,942,148
680,883
139,887
93,199
46,688
1988
 
89
.........
8,867
7,505
1,362
2,551,000
1,912,000
639,000
137,700
93,154
44,546
1989
 
90
.........
8,719
7,395
1,324
2,499,000
1,894,000
606,000
136,900
94,197
42,703
1990
 
91
.........
8,587
7,291
1,296
2,475,439
1,883,906
591,533
131,198
91,039
40,159
1991
 
92
.........
8,508
7,239
1,269
2,442,924
1,856,302
586,622
153,334
109,084
44,250
1992
 
93
.........
8,423
7,174
1,249
2,444,842
1,860,937
583,905
154,816
109,825
44,991
1993
 
94
.........
8,345
7,114
1,231
2,444,609
1,859,947
584,662
157,201
112,199
45,002
1994
 
95
.........
8,293
7,055
1,238
2,475,207
1,877,782
597,425
3
164,219
3
117,620
3
46,599
1995
 
96
.........
8,250
7,022
1,228
2,491,111
1,884,461
606,650
3
166,759
3
118,753
3
48,006
1996
 
97
.........
8,231
7,005
1,226
2,497,198
1,885,037
612,161
3
153,276
3
107,548
3
45,728
1997
 
98
.........
8,223
7,004
1,219
2,497,894
1,879,737
618,157
3
152,259
3
105,717
3
46,542
1
Includes
part­
time
teachers.

2
Includes
estimates
for
the
nonreporting
schools.

3
Full­
time
equivalent.

NOTE.
 
Data
reported
by
the
National
Catholic
Educational
Association
and
data
reported
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
are
not
directly
comparable
because
survey
procedures
and
definitions
differ.
Excludes
prekindergarten
enrollment.
SOURCE:
National
Catholic
Educational
Association,
A
Statistical
Report
on
Catholic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools
for
the
Years
1967
 
68
to
1969
 
70,
as
compiled
from
the
Official
Catholic
Directory
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1970
by
the
National
Catholic
Educational
Association);
Catholic
Schools
in
America
(
1978
edition,
Copyright
Ó
 
1978
by
the
Franklin
Press);
and
United
States
Catholic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools,
1989
 
90,
1990
 
91,
1991
 
92,
1992
 
93,
1993
 
94,
1994
 
95,
1995
 
96,
1996
 
97
and
1997
 
98
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1990,
1991,
1992,
1993,
1994,
1995,
1996,1997,
and
1998
by
the
National
Catholic
Educational
Association.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
74
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PRIVATE
SCHOOLS
Table
64.
 
Private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
enrollment,
teachers,
and
high
school
graduates,
1
by
state:
Fall
1995
State
Number
of
schools
Enrollment
Teachers
High
school
graduates,
1994
 
95
Total
Standard
error
Total
Standard
error
Total
Standard
error
Total
Standard
error
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
2
.........
27,686
252
5,032,200
20,482
361,909
1,618
245,543
1,009
Alabama
..........................
287
 
66,958
 
4,814
 
3,581
 
Alaska
.............................
65
 
6,113
 
530
 
178
 
Arizona
............................
296
39
44,134
3,181
3,070
205
2,221
208
Arkansas
.........................
245
50
27,454
547
2,081
108
1,081
 
California
.........................
3,470
51
629,344
12,386
41,073
695
26,353
103
Colorado
.........................
342
9
48,977
147
3,843
44
1,928
 
Connecticut
.....................
355
14
70,605
1,022
6,381
107
5,166
 
Delaware
.........................
112
17
25,528
1,850
1,878
147
1,436
 
District
of
Columbia
........
84
 
17,468
 
1,852
 
1,242
 
Florida
.............................
1,284
19
253,831
2,811
19,093
337
10,151
88
Georgia
...........................
525
20
97,807
983
8,282
117
5,075
 
Hawaii
.............................
127
 
34,541
 
2,532
 
2,603
 
Idaho
...............................
77
 
9,210
 
607
 
380
 
Illinois
..............................
1,470
52
300,981
1,597
18,617
194
14,681
115
Indiana
............................
661
30
99,258
1,269
6,653
147
4,055
181
Iowa
................................
274
26
49,461
1,041
3,309
78
2,601
 
Kansas
............................
265
52
39,306
775
2,623
105
1,621
 
Kentucky
.........................
382
68
67,181
1,995
4,581
362
3,242
8
Louisiana
.........................
647
108
147,147
4,944
9,849
517
7,457
96
Maine
..............................
134
 
16,896
 
1,531
 
1,759
 
Maryland
.........................
606
11
125,092
427
10,142
64
6,235
 
Massachusetts
................
655
38
125,696
2,936
11,068
268
8,561
15
Michigan
..........................
1,034
 
189,065
 
11,550
 
8,805
 
Minnesota
.......................
570
36
86,477
430
5,835
72
3,373
 
Mississippi
.......................
182
 
50,166
 
3,447
 
3,174
 
Missouri
...........................
775
104
126,985
7,179
9,162
816
5,894
152
Montana
..........................
88
 
8,458
 
673
 
356
 
Nebraska
.........................
279
62
41,320
2,034
2,695
160
1,783
50
Nevada
............................
63
 
12,251
 
711
 
381
 
New
Hampshire
..............
210
72
22,633
2,311
2,101
217
1,730
36
New
Jersey
.....................
914
 
207,275
 
15,585
 
12,030
 
New
Mexico
....................
194
23
22,893
2,149
1,756
114
947
 
New
York
........................
1,997
35
466,239
936
35,328
234
25,489
 
North
Carolina
.................
542
37
81,437
5,583
6,990
442
3,144
 
North
Dakota
...................
55
 
7,321
 
523
 
381
 
Ohio
................................
1,071
124
255,277
3,674
15,085
228
12,639
 
Oklahoma
........................
135
 
24,653
 
2,014
 
1,296
 
Oregon
............................
410
106
43,501
3,843
3,431
513
2,042
76
Pennsylvania
...................
1,894
27
346,800
5,848
23,085
356
18,138
927
Rhode
Island
...................
128
 
23,543
 
1,941
 
1,354
 
South
Carolina
................
282
 
50,162
 
3,943
 
2,378
 
South
Dakota
..................
93
 
10,056
 
724
 
436
 
Tennessee
......................
504
47
80,701
2,337
6,388
184
4,427
27
Texas
..............................
1,593
120
229,353
6,768
19,042
717
8,767
209
Utah
................................
97
28
12,840
2,439
1,013
134
590
 
Vermont
..........................
84
 
9,669
 
977
 
1,081
 
Virginia
............................
493
24
86,507
782
7,723
142
4,463
 
Washington
.....................
504
44
74,890
2,546
5,132
231
2,998
 
West
Virginia
...................
135
 
13,241
 
1,113
 
698
 
Wisconsin
........................
961
 
143,231
 
9,312
 
5,119
 
Wyoming
.........................
37
 
2,272
 
221
 
24
 
1
Includes
special
education,
vocational/
technical
education,
and
alternative
schools.
Excludes
prekindergarten
enrollment.

2
NCES
employed
an
area
frame
sample
to
account
for
noninclusion
of
schools
at
the
national
level.
However,
caution
should
be
exercised
in
interpreting
state
by
state
characteristics
since
the
samples
were
not
designed
to
produce
such
numbers.
 
Insufficient
data
to
compute
a
standard
error.

NOTE.
 
Tabulation
includes
only
schools
that
offer
first
grade
or
above.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Private
School
Survey,
1995
 
96.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
75
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
65.
 
Public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
teachers
and
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
by
level:
Fall
1955
to
fall
1998
Year
Public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
Public
elementary
and
secondary
Private
elementary
and
secondary
Kindergarten
to
grade
12
Elementary
Secondary
Kindergarten
to
grade
12
Elementary
Secondary
Kindergarten
to
grade
12
Elementary
Secondary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Number
of
teachers,
in
thousands
1955
......................
1,286
827
459
1,141
733
408
1
145
1
94
1
51
1960
......................
1,600
991
609
1,408
858
550
1
192
1
133
1
59
1965
......................
1,933
1,112
822
1,710
965
746
223
147
76
1968
......................
2,161
1,223
938
1,936
1,076
860
225
147
78
1969
......................
2,245
1,260
986
2,016
1,109
908
1
229
1
151
1
78
1970
......................
2,292
1,283
1,009
2,059
1,130
929
233
153
80
1971
......................
2,293
1,263
1,030
2,063
1,111
952
1
230
1
152
1
78
1972
......................
2,337
1,296
1,041
2,106
1,142
964
1
231
1
154
1
77
1973
......................
2,372
1,308
1,064
2,136
1,151
985
1
236
1
157
1
79
1974
......................
2,410
1,330
1,079
2,165
1,166
998
1
245
1
164
1
81
1975
......................
2,453
1,353
1,100
2,198
1,181
1,017
1
255
1
172
1
83
1976
......................
2,457
1,351
1,106
2,189
1,168
1,021
268
183
85
1977
......................
2,488
1,375
1,113
2,209
1,185
1,024
279
190
89
1978
......................
2,479
1,376
1,103
2,207
1,191
1,016
272
185
87
1979
......................
2,461
1,379
1,082
2,185
1,191
994
1
276
1
188
1
88
1980
......................
2,485
1,401
1,084
2,184
1,189
995
301
212
89
1981
......................
2,440
1,404
1,037
2,127
1,183
945
1
313
1
221
1
92
1982
......................
2,458
1,413
1,045
2,133
1,182
951
1
325
1
231
1
94
1983
......................
2,476
1,426
1,050
2,139
1,186
953
337
240
97
1984
......................
2,508
1,451
1,057
2,168
1,208
960
1
340
1
243
1
97
1985
......................
2,549
1,483
1,066
2,206
1,237
969
343
246
97
1986
......................
2,592
1,521
1,071
2,244
1,271
973
1
348
1
250
1
98
1987
......................
2,631
1,563
1,068
2,279
1,306
973
1
353
1
257
1
95
1988
......................
2,668
1,604
1,064
2,323
1,353
970
1
345
1
251
1
94
1989
......................
2,734
1,662
1,072
2,357
1,387
970
1
377
1
275
1
102
1990
......................
2,753
1,683
1,070
2,398
1,429
969
1
355
1
254
1
101
1991
......................
2,787
1,722
1,065
2,432
1,468
964
1
355
1
254
1
101
1992
......................
2,822
1,752
1,070
2,459
1,492
967
1
363
1
260
1
103
1993
......................
2,870
1,775
1,095
2,504
1,513
991
1
366
1
262
1
104
1994
......................
2,926
1,791
1,135
2,552
1,525
1,027
1
374
1
266
1
108
1995
......................
2,978
1,794
1,184
2,598
1,525
1,073
1
380
1
269
1
111
1996
......................
3,053
1,856
1,197
2,666
1,582
1,084
1
387
1
274
1
113
1997
2
....................
3,103
1,882
1,222
2,710
1,604
1,106
1
394
1
278
1
116
1998
3
....................
3,126
1,894
1,233
2,728
1,612
1,116
399
281
117
Pupil/
teacher
ratios
1955
......................
27.4
31.4
20.3
26.9
30.2
20.9
1
31.7
1
40.4
1
15.7
1960
......................
26.4
29.4
21.4
25.8
28.4
21.7
1
30.7
1
36.1
1
18.6
1965
......................
25.1
28.4
20.6
24.7
27.6
20.8
28.3
33.3
18.4
1968
......................
23.5
26.0
20.2
23.2
25.4
20.4
25.8
29.9
17.9
1969
......................
22.7
25.1
19.7
22.6
24.7
20.0
1
24.0
1
27.8
1
16.7
1970
......................
22.4
24.6
19.5
22.3
24.3
19.8
23.0
26.5
16.4
1971
......................
22.4
25.0
19.1
22.3
24.9
19.3
1
22.6
1
25.7
1
16.7
1972
......................
21.7
23.9
18.9
21.7
23.9
19.1
1
21.6
1
24.0
1
16.9
1973
......................
21.3
23.0
19.1
21.3
23.0
19.3
1
21.2
1
23.6
1
16.5
1974
......................
20.8
22.6
18.5
20.8
22.6
18.7
1
20.4
1
22.6
1
16.0
1975
......................
20.3
21.7
18.6
20.4
21.7
18.8
1
19.6
1
21.5
1
15.7
1976
......................
20.1
21.7
18.3
20.2
21.8
18.5
19.3
20.9
15.8
1977
......................
19.6
20.9
17.9
19.7
21.1
18.2
18.4
20.0
15.1
1978
......................
19.2
20.9
17.1
19.3
21.0
17.3
18.7
20.2
15.6
1979
......................
19.0
20.5
17.0
19.1
20.6
17.2
1
18.1
1
19.7
1
14.8
1980
......................
18.6
20.1
16.6
18.7
20.4
16.8
17.7
18.8
15.0
1981
......................
18.7
20.0
16.8
18.8
20.3
16.9
1
17.6
1
18.6
1
15.2
1982
......................
18.4
19.8
16.4
18.6
20.2
16.6
1
17.2
1
18.2
1
14.9
1983
......................
18.2
19.6
16.2
18.4
19.9
16.4
17.0
18.0
14.4
1984
......................
17.9
19.3
16.0
18.1
19.7
16.1
1
16.8
1
17.7
1
14.4
1985
......................
17.6
19.1
15.6
17.9
19.5
15.8
16.2
17.1
14.0
1986
......................
17.4
18.8
15.5
17.7
19.3
15.7
1
15.7
1
16.5
1
13.6
1987
......................
17.3
18.8
15.0
17.6
19.3
15.2
1
15.5
1
16.5
1
13.1
1988
......................
17.0
18.6
14.7
17.3
19.0
14.9
1
15.2
1
16.1
1
12.8
1989
......................
16.8
18.4
14.3
17.2
19.0
14.6
1
14.2
1
15.1
1
11.7
1990
......................
16.9
18.5
14.3
17.2
18.9
14.6
1
14.7
1
16.1
1
11.3
1991
......................
17.0
18.4
14.6
17.3
18.8
15.0
1
14.6
1
16.0
1
11.1
1992
......................
17.1
18.4
14.8
17.4
18.8
15.2
1
14.8
1
16.2
1
11.3
1993
......................
17.1
18.5
14.7
17.4
18.9
15.1
1
14.9
1
16.3
1
11.5
1994
......................
17.0
18.6
14.4
17.3
19.0
14.8
1
15.0
1
16.4
1
11.4
1995
......................
17.0
18.9
14.1
17.3
19.3
14.4
1
15.0
1
16.5
1
11.4
1996
......................
16.8
18.4
14.3
17.1
18.8
14.6
1
14.9
1
16.4
1
11.5
1997
2
....................
16.7
18.3
14.2
17.0
18.6
14.5
1
14.9
1
16.3
1
11.4
1998
3
....................
16.9
18.5
14.4
17.2
18.9
14.7
14.9
16.3
11.4
1
Estimated.
2
Preliminary
data.
3
Projected.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
teachers
are
expressed
in
full­
time
equivalents.
Distribution
of
unclassified
teachers
by
level
is
estimated.
Distribution
of
elementary
and
secondary
school
teachers
by
level
is
determined
by
reporting
units.
Kindergarten
includes
a
relatively
small
number
of
nursery
school
teachers
and
students.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Day
Schools;
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys
and
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
76
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
66.
 
Public
elementary
and
secondary
teachers,
by
level
and
state:
Fall
1992
to
fall
1997
[
In
full­
time
equivalents]

State
or
other
area
Fall
1992
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Estimated,
fall
1997
2
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Unclassified
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Unclassified
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
......................................
2,458,956
2,503,901
2,551,875
2,598,220
1,428,852
952,189
217,179
2,666,034
1,485,683
955,052
225,299
2,709,872
Alabama
..................................................
41,961
43,003
42,791
44,056
24,935
19,121
 
45,040
25,398
19,642
 
44,969
Alaska
......................................................
7,282
7,193
7,205
7,379
4,780
2,599
 
7,418
4,806
2,612
 
7,826
Arizona
....................................................
36,076
37,493
38,132
38,017
27,518
10,499
 
40,521
29,581
10,940
 
3
43,931
Arkansas
..................................................
26,017
26,014
26,181
26,449
13,882
12,370
197
26,680
14,007
12,399
274
4
26,505
California
.................................................
218,566
221,787
225,016
230,849
145,601
60,743
24,505
248,857
160,179
63,609
25,069
3
248,234
Colorado
..................................................
33,419
33,661
34,894
35,388
17,998
17,390
 
36,398
18,623
17,775
 
37,352
Connecticut
..............................................
34,193
34,526
35,316
36,070
21,230
9,445
5,395
36,551
21,418
10,812
4,321
28,814
Delaware
.................................................
6,252
6,380
6,416
6,463
3,205
3,258
 
6,642
3,278
3,364
 
4
6,850
District
of
Columbia
.................................
6,064
6,056
6,110
5,305
3,083
1,815
407
5,288
3,066
1,815
407
3
5,256
Florida
......................................................
107,590
110,653
110,674
114,938
50,660
42,745
21,533
120,471
52,755
44,902
22,814
4
124,563
Georgia
....................................................
66,942
74,172
77,914
79,480
40,888
38,592
 
79,091
56,860
22,231
 
84,235
Hawaii
......................................................
10,083
10,111
10,240
10,500
5,843
4,616
41
10,576
6,020
4,513
43
10,600
Idaho
........................................................
11,827
12,007
12,582
12,784
6,505
6,122
157
13,078
6,641
6,274
163
14,200
Illinois
.......................................................
111,461
110,874
110,830
113,538
67,972
29,208
16,358
116,274
69,592
29,826
16,856
119,814
Indiana
.....................................................
54,552
55,107
55,496
55,821
28,257
24,881
2,683
56,708
28,730
25,154
2,824
57,368
Iowa
.........................................................
31,403
31,616
31,726
32,318
19,151
12,063
1,104
32,593
19,420
11,997
1,176
33,266
Kansas
.....................................................
29,753
30,283
30,579
30,729
14,752
12,878
3,099
30,875
14,700
13,133
3,042
30,906
Kentucky
..................................................
37,868
37,324
38,784
39,120
27,422
11,698
 
39,331
27,402
11,929
 
39,311
Louisiana
.................................................
46,904
46,913
47,599
46,980
27,691
19,289
 
47,334
28,020
19,314
 
3
46,985
Maine
.......................................................
15,375
15,344
15,404
15,392
10,553
4,839
 
15,551
10,638
4,913
 
14,700
Maryland
..................................................
44,495
44,171
46,565
47,819
24,999
22,820
 
47,943
24,305
23,638
 
50,825
Massachusetts
.........................................
57,225
58,766
60,489
62,710
23,121
30,891
8,698
64,574
23,850
31,983
8,741
66,944
Michigan
..................................................
82,301
80,267
80,522
83,179
36,406
38,200
8,573
88,051
38,025
40,210
9,816
90,400
Minnesota
................................................
45,050
46,956
46,958
46,971
23,979
22,983
9
48,245
25,136
23,096
13
48,400
Mississippi
...............................................
27,829
28,376
28,866
28,997
15,047
9,070
4,880
29,293
14,925
9,283
5,085
29,844
Missouri
...................................................
52,984
54,860
56,606
57,951
29,386
27,817
748
59,436
30,120
28,596
720
60,403
Montana
...................................................
10,135
9,949
10,079
10,076
6,974
3,102
 
10,268
7,002
3,266
 
10,150
Nebraska
.................................................
19,323
19,616
19,774
20,028
11,452
8,506
70
20,174
11,570
8,523
81
4
20,132
Nevada
....................................................
11,953
12,579
13,414
13,878
7,057
5,210
1,611
14,805
7,570
5,330
1,905
15,600
New
Hampshire
.......................................
11,654
11,972
12,109
12,346
8,447
3,899
 
12,692
8,895
3,797
 
12,606
New
Jersey
..............................................
83,057
84,564
85,258
86,706
48,359
26,362
11,985
3
88,903
3
49,684
3
26,695
3
12,524
3
90,172
New
Mexico
.............................................
17,912
18,404
19,025
19,398
11,311
4,518
3,569
19,971
11,676
4,599
3,696
21,000
New
York
.................................................
176,375
179,413
182,273
181,559
92,550
62,355
26,654
185,104
94,316
63,744
27,044
199,000
North
Carolina
.........................................
66,630
69,421
71,592
73,201
42,990
25,795
4,416
75,239
45,402
26,866
2,971
81,310
North
Dakota
...........................................
7,794
7,755
7,796
7,501
5,061
2,440
 
7,892
4,892
3,000
 
4
7,884
Ohio
.........................................................
106,233
107,444
109,085
107,347
71,376
35,718
253
108,602
72,283
36,075
244
105,275
Oklahoma
................................................
38,433
39,031
39,406
39,364
18,582
16,601
4,181
39,491
18,428
16,868
4,195
39,809
Oregon
.....................................................
26,634
26,488
26,208
26,680
13,889
8,981
3,810
26,757
14,137
8,675
3,945
26,914
Pennsylvania
...........................................
100,912
101,302
102,988
104,921
47,975
44,455
12,491
106,432
48,647
44,851
12,934
106,900
Rhode
Island
...........................................
10,069
9,823
10,066
10,482
4,540
4,477
1,465
10,656
4,897
4,280
1,479
10,764
South
Carolina
.........................................
37,295
38,620
39,437
39,922
27,122
12,800
 
41,463
28,381
13,082
 
41,360
South
Dakota
...........................................
8,767
9,557
9,985
9,641
5,889
2,676
1,076
9,625
5,902
2,700
1,023
9,749
Tennessee
...............................................
43,566
46,066
47,406
53,403
37,969
13,939
1,495
54,790
39,498
13,762
1,530
51,976
Texas
.......................................................
219,385
224,830
234,213
240,371
118,881
88,843
32,647
247,650
121,146
88,160
38,344
254,185
Utah
.........................................................
19,191
19,053
19,524
20,039
9,162
8,390
2,487
19,734
9,250
7,958
2,526
20,500
Vermont
...................................................
7,521
7,330
7,566
7,676
3,129
2,969
1,578
7,751
3,095
3,024
1,632
7,833
Virginia
.....................................................
68,181
70,859
72,505
74,731
46,225
28,506
 
74,523
45,735
28,788
 
3
72,113
Washington
..............................................
44,295
45,524
46,439
46,907
24,423
18,501
3,983
48,307
24,812
19,289
4,206
4
48,892
West
Virginia
...........................................
20,961
21,029
21,024
21,073
10,600
6,788
3,685
20,888
10,286
7,087
3,515
20,641
Wisconsin
................................................
53,387
52,822
54,054
55,033
36,808
17,015
1,210
54,769
37,512
17,257
 
55,987
Wyoming
..................................................
5,821
6,537
6,754
6,734
3,217
3,391
126
6,729
3,172
3,416
141
6,620
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.....................................
725
656
698
728
521
192
15
734
519
200
15
4
822
Guam
.......................................................
1,628
1,644
1,826
1,802
801
825
176
1,552
698
703
151
1,731
Northern
Marianas
...................................
425
431
406
422
240
182
 
441
260
181
 
4
465
Puerto
Rico
..............................................
38,381
39,816
39,933
39,328
21,680
14,386
3,262
39,743
21,977
14,521
3,245
39,637
Virgin
Islands
...........................................
1,595
1,570
1,528
1,622
731
814
77
1,580
729
789
62
1,645
1
Data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
2
Unless
otherwise
indicated,
data
were
estimated
by
state
education
agencies.
3
Data
imputed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
based
on
previous
year's
data.
4
Actual
preliminary
count
by
state.
 
Data
not
available,
not
reported,
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Distribution
of
elementary
and
secondary
teachers
determined
by
reporting
units.
Teachers
reported
in
full­
time
equivalents.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
77
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
67.
 
Teachers,
enrollment,
and
pupil/
teacher
ratios
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
Fall
1991
to
fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1991
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1992
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
Teachers
Enrollment
Pupil/
teacher
ratio
Teachers
Enrollment
Pupil/
teacher
ratio
Teachers
Enrollment
Pupil/
teacher
ratio
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
.......................
17.3
17.4
17.4
2,551,875
44,111,482
17.3
2,598,220
44,840,481
17.3
2,666,034
45,592,213
17.1
Alabama
....................................
17.8
17.4
17.1
42,791
736,531
17.2
44,056
746,149
16.9
45,040
748,156
16.6
Alaska
.......................................
16.7
16.8
17.5
7,205
127,057
17.6
7,379
127,618
17.3
7,418
129,919
17.5
Arizona
......................................
19.3
18.7
18.9
38,132
737,424
19.3
38,017
743,566
19.6
40,521
799,250
19.7
Arkansas
...................................
17.0
17.0
17.1
26,181
447,565
17.1
26,449
453,257
17.1
26,680
457,349
17.1
California
...................................
22.8
24.0
24.0
225,016
5,407,475
24.0
230,849
5,536,406
24.0
248,857
5,687,901
22.9
Colorado
...................................
17.9
18.3
18.6
34,894
640,521
18.4
35,388
656,279
18.5
36,398
673,438
18.5
Connecticut
...............................
14.0
14.3
14.4
35,316
506,824
14.4
36,070
517,935
14.4
36,551
527,129
14.4
Delaware
...................................
16.8
16.7
16.5
6,416
106,813
16.6
6,463
108,461
16.8
6,642
110,549
16.6
District
of
Columbia
..................
12.7
13.3
13.3
6,110
80,450
13.2
5,305
79,802
15.0
5,288
78,648
14.9
Florida
.......................................
17.6
18.4
18.4
110,674
2,111,188
19.1
114,938
2,176,222
18.9
120,471
2,242,212
18.6
Georgia
.....................................
18.5
18.0
16.7
77,914
1,270,948
16.3
79,480
1,311,126
16.5
79,091
1,346,761
17.0
Hawaii
.......................................
18.5
17.6
17.8
10,240
183,795
17.9
10,500
187,180
17.8
10,576
187,653
17.7
Idaho
.........................................
19.4
19.6
19.7
12,582
240,448
19.1
12,784
243,097
19.0
13,078
245,252
18.8
Illinois
........................................
16.8
16.8
17.1
110,830
1,916,172
17.3
113,538
1,943,623
17.1
116,274
1,973,040
17.0
Indiana
......................................
17.6
17.6
17.5
55,496
969,022
17.5
55,821
977,263
17.5
56,708
983,415
17.3
Iowa
..........................................
15.7
15.8
15.8
31,726
500,440
15.8
32,318
502,343
15.5
32,593
502,941
15.4
Kansas
......................................
15.2
15.2
15.1
30,579
460,838
15.1
30,729
463,008
15.1
30,875
466,293
15.1
Kentucky
...................................
17.2
17.3
17.6
38,784
657,642
17.0
39,120
659,821
16.9
39,331
656,089
16.7
Louisiana
...................................
16.6
17.0
17.1
47,599
797,933
16.8
46,980
797,366
16.6
47,334
793,296
16.6
Maine
........................................
14.0
14.1
14.1
15,404
212,601
13.8
15,392
213,569
13.9
15,551
213,593
13.7
Maryland
...................................
16.9
16.9
17.5
46,565
790,938
17.0
47,819
805,544
16.8
47,943
818,583
17.1
Massachusetts
..........................
15.1
15.0
14.9
60,489
893,727
14.8
62,710
915,007
14.6
64,574
933,898
14.5
Michigan
....................................
19.2
19.5
19.9
80,522
1,614,784
20.1
83,179
1,641,456
19.7
88,051
1,684,386
19.1
Minnesota
.................................
17.2
17.6
17.3
46,958
821,693
17.5
46,971
835,166
17.8
48,245
847,204
17.6
Mississippi
.................................
17.9
18.2
17.8
28,866
505,962
17.5
28,997
506,272
17.5
29,293
503,967
17.2
Missouri
.....................................
16.0
16.2
15.8
56,606
878,541
15.5
57,951
889,881
15.4
59,436
900,042
15.1
Montana
....................................
15.8
15.8
16.4
10,079
164,341
16.3
10,076
165,547
16.4
10,268
164,627
16.0
Nebraska
...................................
14.7
14.6
14.5
19,774
287,100
14.5
20,028
289,744
14.5
20,174
291,967
14.5
Nevada
......................................
18.6
18.7
18.7
13,414
250,747
18.7
13,878
265,041
19.1
14,805
282,131
19.1
New
Hampshire
........................
15.5
15.6
15.5
12,109
189,319
15.6
12,346
194,171
15.7
12,692
198,308
15.6
New
Jersey
...............................
13.8
13.6
13.6
85,258
1,174,206
13.8
86,706
1,197,381
13.8
1
88,903
1
1,208,179
1
13.6
New
Mexico
..............................
17.6
17.6
17.5
19,025
327,248
17.2
19,398
329,640
17.0
19,971
332,632
16.7
New
York
..................................
15.4
15.2
15.2
182,273
2,766,208
15.2
181,559
2,813,230
15.5
185,104
2,843,131
15.4
North
Carolina
...........................
16.8
16.7
16.3
71,592
1,156,767
16.2
73,201
1,183,090
16.2
75,239
1,210,108
16.1
North
Dakota
.............................
15.3
15.2
15.4
7,796
119,288
15.3
7,501
119,100
15.9
7,892
120,123
15.2
Ohio
..........................................
17.3
16.9
16.8
109,085
1,814,290
16.6
107,347
1,836,015
17.1
108,602
1,844,389
17.0
Oklahoma
..................................
15.6
15.5
15.5
39,406
609,718
15.5
39,364
616,393
15.7
39,491
620,695
15.7
Oregon
......................................
18.6
19.2
19.5
26,208
521,945
19.9
26,680
527,914
19.8
26,757
537,854
20.1
Pennsylvania
.............................
16.8
17.0
17.2
102,988
1,764,946
17.1
104,921
1,787,533
17.0
106,432
1,804,256
17.0
Rhode
Island
.............................
14.6
14.3
14.8
10,066
147,487
14.7
10,482
149,799
14.3
10,656
151,324
14.2
South
Carolina
..........................
16.9
17.2
16.7
39,437
648,725
16.4
39,922
645,586
16.2
41,463
653,011
15.7
South
Dakota
............................
14.8
15.3
14.9
9,985
143,482
14.4
9,641
144,685
15.0
9,625
143,331
14.9
Tennessee
................................
19.4
19.6
18.8
47,406
881,425
18.6
53,403
893,770
16.7
54,790
905,089
16.5
Texas
........................................
15.8
16.1
16.0
234,213
3,677,171
15.7
240,371
3,748,167
15.6
247,650
3,828,975
15.5
Utah
..........................................
24.9
24.2
24.7
19,524
474,675
24.3
20,039
477,121
23.8
19,734
481,812
24.4
Vermont
....................................
13.8
13.1
14.0
7,566
104,533
13.8
7,676
105,565
13.8
7,751
106,341
13.7
Virginia
......................................
15.7
15.1
14.8
72,505
1,060,809
14.6
74,731
1,079,854
14.4
74,523
1,096,093
14.7
Washington
...............................
20.2
20.2
20.1
46,439
938,314
20.2
46,907
956,572
20.4
48,307
974,504
20.2
West
Virginia
.............................
15.3
15.2
14.9
21,024
310,511
14.8
21,073
307,112
14.6
20,888
304,052
14.6
Wisconsin
..................................
15.7
15.5
16.0
54,054
860,581
15.9
55,033
870,175
15.8
54,769
879,259
16.1
Wyoming
...................................
15.6
17.2
15.4
6,754
100,314
14.9
6,734
99,859
14.8
6,729
99,058
14.7
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
......................
19.9
19.3
22.1
698
14,445
20.7
728
14,576
20.0
734
14,766
20.1
Guam
........................................
18.9
18.5
18.8
1,826
32,185
17.6
1,802
32,960
18.3
1,552
33,393
21.5
Northern
Marianas
....................
16.5
19.0
19.0
406
8,429
20.8
422
8,809
20.9
441
9,041
20.5
Puerto
Rico
...............................
17.2
16.6
15.9
39,933
621,121
15.6
39,328
627,620
16.0
39,743
618,861
15.6
Virgin
Islands
............................
14.1
14.3
14.5
1,528
23,126
15.1
1,622
22,737
14.0
1,580
22,385
14.2
1
Data
imputed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
based
on
previous
year's
data.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Teachers
reported
in
full­
time
equivalents.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
78
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
68.
 
Teachers
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
1993
 
94
Selected
characteristics
Total
1
Percent
of
teachers,
by
highest
degree
earned
Percent
of
teachers,
by
years
of
full­
time
teaching
experience
No
degree
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Education
specialist
Doctor's
Less
than
3
3
to
9
10
to
20
Over
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Public
schools
Total
................................................................
2,561,294
0.6
0.2
52.0
42.0
4.6
0.7
9.7
25.5
35.0
29.8
Men
............................................................
694,098
1.3
0.4
46.2
45.7
5.1
1.3
8.9
21.6
29.9
39.6
Women
.......................................................
1,867,195
0.3
0.1
54.1
40.6
4.4
0.5
10.0
26.9
37.0
26.1
Race/
ethnicity
White
..........................................................
2,216,605
0.5
0.1
51.8
42.5
4.4
0.7
9.4
25.5
35.1
30.0
Black
...........................................................
188,371
0.5
0.2
48.4
44.6
5.4
0.9
8.5
20.8
35.5
35.2
Hispanic
......................................................
108,744
0.9
0.5
62.8
29.8
4.6
1.4
16.7
32.1
34.1
17.1
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
............................
27,510
0.9
0.4
49.3
34.7
13.1
1.7
14.9
29.7
29.2
26.2
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
.......................
20,064
0.8
0.3
54.9
39.1
4.3
0.6
11.3
27.6
34.5
26.6
Age
Less
than
30
..............................................
280,342
0.5
0.1
83.9
14.5
1.0
0.1
47.8
52.2
(
2)
(
2)
30
to
39
......................................................
573,444
0.5
0.2
59.4
36.6
3.0
0.3
10.5
48.7
40.8
(
2)
40
to
49
......................................................
1,070,459
0.4
0.1
46.3
47.0
5.4
0.7
4.3
16.9
47.5
31.3
50
to
59
......................................................
540,491
0.7
0.2
40.6
51.2
6.1
1.2
1.4
7.8
25.0
65.7
60
or
more
..................................................
96,557
1.5
0.1
43.1
46.2
6.6
2.5
0.8
4.4
19.9
74.9
Level
Elementary
.................................................
1,331,281
0.2
(
2)
55.5
39.7
4.1
0.4
9.7
27.1
35.5
27.7
General
...................................................
938,636
0.3
(
2)
58.0
38.0
3.5
0.3
9.2
26.5
34.9
29.4
English
....................................................
2,093
(
2)
(
2)
46.0
52.3
1.0
0.8
12.5
11.2
17.9
58.4
Mathematics
...........................................
3,372
(
2)
(
2)
74.6
24.4
(
2)
1.0
11.6
13.1
40.9
34.3
Special
education
...................................
127,877
(
2)
(
2)
45.1
46.9
7.2
0.9
11.1
34.1
39.9
15.0
Other
elementary
....................................
259,304
0.3
0.1
51.3
42.6
4.9
0.8
11.1
25.8
35.6
27.5
Secondary
..................................................
1,230,013
0.9
0.3
48.2
44.4
5.1
1.1
9.7
23.8
34.5
32.0
English
....................................................
172,603
0.1
(
2)
48.3
44.8
5.5
1.3
9.2
22.9
33.6
34.3
Mathematics
...........................................
141,051
0.1
(
2)
50.2
45.5
3.4
0.8
9.4
24.3
31.7
34.5
Science
...................................................
132,179
0.2
(
2)
47.9
45.8
4.8
1.2
9.5
26.1
31.2
33.2
Social
studies
.........................................
130,045
0.1
(
2)
47.8
46.0
4.9
1.2
10.3
20.5
28.7
40.5
Special
education
...................................
111,215
0.1
0.1
42.1
49.1
7.2
1.3
9.3
28.8
45.1
16.8
Vocational/
technical
................................
113,269
7.3
2.3
45.2
39.9
4.7
0.5
6.8
23.0
35.7
34.5
Other
secondary
.....................................
429,653
0.5
0.2
50.1
43.0
5.1
1.1
10.7
23.1
35.6
30.7
Private
schools
Total
................................................................
378,365
5.2
1.5
59.0
29.8
2.9
1.7
20.9
33.9
29.6
15.6
Men
............................................................
93,130
4.4
0.9
47.3
40.6
2.6
4.3
21.7
28.2
28.7
21.4
Women
.......................................................
285,235
5.4
1.7
62.8
26.3
3.0
0.8
20.6
35.8
29.9
13.7
Race/
ethnicity
White
..........................................................
347,811
4.8
1.3
59.4
30.2
2.6
1.6
20.4
33.6
30.0
16.0
Black
...........................................................
11,664
8.3
3.7
55.8
26.4
4.8
1.0
26.9
34.9
27.9
10.3
Hispanic
......................................................
12,221
11.1
4.9
57.4
19.9
4.4
2.3
25.5
41.8
21.6
11.1
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
............................
5,167
6.8
0.9
46.1
36.8
5.7
3.6
26.1
34.6
26.6
12.7
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
.......................
1,502
3.4
6.0
49.4
16.1
25.1
(
2)
29.4
42.8
17.9
9.9
Age
Less
than
30
..............................................
65,168
7.7
1.6
78.8
10.8
1.0
0.2
54.9
44.9
0.1
(
2)
30
to
39
......................................................
93,999
5.9
1.2
63.1
25.7
2.6
1.4
21.7
51.2
27.1
(
2)
40
to
49
......................................................
131,492
3.9
1.6
54.0
35.1
3.4
2.0
12.6
29.8
45.5
12.1
50
to
59
......................................................
65,691
4.0
1.8
49.7
38.4
3.5
2.5
7.4
15.7
35.7
41.2
60
or
more
..................................................
22,015
5.6
0.9
39.4
46.6
4.4
2.9
6.6
6.5
13.8
73.1
Level
Elementary
.................................................
221,036
7.0
1.7
65.9
21.8
2.8
0.8
21.9
36.0
29.0
13.1
General
...................................................
153,691
6.1
1.3
69.4
19.5
3.2
0.4
17.7
37.4
31.0
14.0
Special
education
...................................
7,652
5.0
0.2
46.4
45.0
3.4
0.0
18.2
46.8
26.5
8.5
Other
elementary
....................................
59,692
9.3
2.9
59.3
24.7
1.6
2.0
33.3
31.2
24.2
11.3
Secondary
..................................................
157,329
2.6
1.2
49.2
41.1
3.0
2.8
19.5
30.9
30.4
19.2
English
....................................................
24,335
1.6
(
2)
51.3
43.1
1.5
2.5
16.3
30.8
31.3
21.7
Mathematics
...........................................
23,238
1.3
0.9
50.1
42.6
3.0
2.2
14.7
31.1
29.3
24.8
Science
...................................................
18,399
0.1
(
2)
49.5
42.3
4.2
4.0
21.3
27.7
31.2
19.9
Social
studies
.........................................
20,059
0.2
0.4
53.5
38.7
4.1
3.1
21.0
27.8
30.8
20.4
Special
education
...................................
6,048
0.1
3.7
56.5
33.7
5.1
0.9
17.8
42.8
29.0
10.4
Vocational/
technical
...............................
2,834
14.0
4.6
40.8
40.6
(
2)
(
2)
12.7
22.6
42.1
22.6
Other
secondary
.....................................
62,415
4.8
2.0
46.3
40.9
2.9
3.1
22.0
32.1
29.7
16.2
1
Data
are
based
upon
a
sample
survey
and
may
not
be
strictly
comparable
with
data
reported
elsewhere.

2
Less
than
.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Excludes
prekindergarten
teachers.
Data
are
based
on
a
head
count
of
all
teachers
rather
than
on
the
number
of
full­
time­
equivalent
teachers
reported
on
other
tables
Details
may
not
add
to
totals
because
of
survey
item
nonresponse
and
rounding.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
79
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
69.
 
Highest
degree
earned,
number
of
years
teaching
experience,
and
average
class
size
for
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1993
 
94
State
Total
1
Percent
of
teachers,
by
highest
degree
2
Percent
of
teachers,
by
years
of
full­
time
teaching
experience
Average
class
size
3
Bachelor's
Master's
Education
specialist
Doctor's
Less
than
3
3
to
9
10
to
20
Over
20
Elementary
Secondary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
.........
2,561,294
52.0
(
0.3)
42.0
(
0.3)
4.6
(
0.1)
0.7
(
0.1)
9.7
(
0.2)
25.5
(
0.3)
35.0
(
0.3)
29.8
(
0.3)
24.1
(
0.1)
23.6
(
0.1)

Alabama
.......................
44,791
38.5
(
1.9)
52.6
(
1.7)
7.8
(
0.8)
0.7
(
0.3)
11.1
(
0.8)
22.0
(
1.5)
42.2
(
1.9)
24.7
(
1.5)
21.7
(
0.4)
24.2
(
0.2)
Alaska
..........................
8,152
59.0
(
1.1)
35.3
(
1.0)
4.2
(
0.5)
0.2
(
0.1)
8.0
(
0.6)
29.3
(
1.4)
42.7
(
1.4)
20.0
(
1.1)
22.6
(
0.5)
22.0
(
0.5)
Arizona
.........................
37,600
51.4
(
1.8)
43.3
(
1.7)
4.0
(
0.6)
0.7
(
0.2)
13.1
(
1.0)
29.1
(
1.6)
38.1
(
1.7)
19.8
(
1.4)
25.8
(
0.4)
25.5
(
0.3)
Arkansas
......................
30,621
64.9
(
2.1)
32.5
(
1.7)
1.8
(
0.6)
0.5
(
0.1)
9.2
(
0.8)
27.3
(
1.7)
40.2
(
1.8)
23.3
(
1.6)
21.0
(
0.4)
21.3
(
0.3)
California
......................
209,032
58.6
(
1.8)
32.6
(
1.8)
6.8
(
0.7)
1.0
(
0.2)
9.8
(
0.8)
27.8
(
1.9)
31.8
(
1.7)
30.7
(
1.7)
29.3
(
0.3)
29.7
(
0.4)

Colorado
......................
35,723
46.5
(
1.7)
49.4
(
1.7)
2.5
(
0.6)
0.5
(
0.1)
9.4
(
0.8)
26.1
(
1.6)
38.7
(
1.6)
25.7
(
1.4)
24.7
(
0.3)
24.5
(
0.4)
Connecticut
..................
35,465
19.6
(
1.1)
62.4
(
1.5)
15.7
(
0.7)
1.4
(
0.4)
6.4
(
0.6)
19.8
(
1.1)
35.5
(
1.7)
38.3
(
1.6)
21.4
(
0.2)
19.7
(
0.2)
Delaware
......................
7,027
46.0
(
1.6)
48.3
(
1.8)
5.1
(
0.9)
0.2
(
0.1)
7.7
(
1.0)
24.1
(
1.9)
36.2
(
2.3)
32.0
(
2.1)
24.8
(
0.4)
24.1
(
0.4)
District
of
Columbia
.....
5,185
41.2
(
1.8)
54.4
(
1.7)
2.4
(
0.8)
2.0
(
0.7)
10.8
(
1.4)
14.7
(
2.1)
30.6
(
2.2)
43.9
(
3.4)
21.8
(
0.3)
20.7
(
0.6)
Florida
..........................
106,535
57.2
(
1.2)
37.0
(
1.2)
3.3
(
0.6)
1.4
(
0.4)
8.7
(
0.9)
29.4
(
1.6)
37.8
(
1.7)
24.0
(
1.4)
26.0
(
0.3)
26.6
(
0.4)

Georgia
........................
74,907
48.9
(
1.5)
42.5
(
1.6)
7.7
(
0.8)
0.2
(
0.1)
13.3
(
1.1)
28.3
(
1.4)
35.6
(
1.4)
22.8
(
1.3)
22.2
(
0.2)
24.2
(
0.3)
Hawaii
..........................
11,137
47.8
(
2.1)
21.7
(
1.5)
27.5
(
2.2)
1.1
(
0.4)
16.2
(
1.4)
28.1
(
1.6)
22.0
(
1.4)
33.7
(
2.2)
23.6
(
0.3)
23.6
(
0.8)
Idaho
............................
12,166
74.4
(
1.6)
21.7
(
1.5)
2.6
(
0.5)
0.6
(
0.2)
12.4
(
1.2)
33.3
(
1.5)
33.7
(
1.3)
20.6
(
1.2)
24.0
(
0.5)
23.7
(
0.4)
Illinois
...........................
111,511
49.7
(
1.3)
46.1
(
1.4)
3.4
(
0.5)
0.5
(
0.2)
9.0
(
0.6)
25.1
(
1.0)
30.8
(
1.3)
35.1
(
1.3)
24.5
(
0.3)
24.0
(
0.3)
Indiana
.........................
57,732
21.4
(
1.7)
72.9
(
1.7)
4.9
(
0.6)
0.1
(
0.1)
5.6
(
0.8)
24.7
(
2.0)
37.1
(
2.2)
32.6
(
2.0)
21.9
(
0.4)
23.0
(
0.3)

Iowa
.............................
35,861
67.3
(
1.8)
31.3
(
1.9)
1.2
(
0.5)
0.2
(
0.1)
10.1
(
1.0)
23.3
(
1.7)
32.1
(
2.1)
34.5
(
2.3)
22.5
(
0.6)
21.4
(
0.5)
Kansas
.........................
31,164
53.5
(
1.4)
42.8
(
1.2)
2.3
(
0.5)
1.1
(
0.3)
12.3
(
0.8)
28.2
(
1.3)
35.2
(
1.3)
24.3
(
1.1)
20.6
(
0.3)
20.7
(
0.4)
Kentucky
......................
41,571
23.4
(
2.2)
56.8
(
2.4)
18.7
(
1.5)
0.8
(
0.4)
9.5
(
1.6)
26.8
(
2.3)
32.9
(
2.2)
30.8
(
2.2)
24.4
(
0.9)
23.5
(
0.4)
Louisiana
......................
48,948
60.5
(
1.6)
31.2
(
1.5)
6.9
(
0.7)
0.5
(
0.1)
9.7
(
0.8)
29.8
(
1.3)
35.1
(
1.4)
25.5
(
1.3)
22.9
(
0.3)
23.7
(
0.3)
Maine
...........................
15,658
68.4
(
1.9)
28.4
(
1.9)
1.6
(
0.4)
0.2
(
0.1)
7.0
(
0.7)
28.7
(
1.9)
37.4
(
1.8)
26.9
(
1.8)
21.5
(
1.1)
18.5
(
0.4)

Maryland
......................
43,862
43.3
(
1.9)
49.7
(
2.3)
6.2
(
1.1)
0.6
(
0.2)
11.7
(
0.9)
23.6
(
1.6)
32.4
(
1.4)
32.4
(
1.5)
26.3
(
0.7)
25.0
(
0.3)
Massachusetts
.............
58,416
38.8
(
1.2)
54.8
(
1.4)
3.9
(
0.5)
0.9
(
0.1)
8.4
(
0.7)
17.1
(
1.0)
33.6
(
1.3)
41.0
(
1.1)
23.1
(
0.4)
20.9
(
0.3)
Michigan
.......................
83,288
46.6
(
1.9)
48.1
(
1.8)
4.7
(
0.8)
0.6
(
0.3)
7.4
(
1.0)
21.5
(
1.8)
29.4
(
2.1)
41.9
(
2.2)
27.3
(
1.9)
25.5
(
0.3)
Minnesota
....................
44,150
63.4
(
2.1)
33.6
(
2.0)
2.6
(
0.6)
0.4
(
0.2)
13.0
(
1.1)
20.0
(
1.5)
33.0
(
1.7)
34.0
(
1.8)
24.5
(
1.0)
25.9
(
0.4)
Mississippi
....................
29,851
56.3
(
1.5)
37.5
(
1.7)
4.3
(
0.9)
0.4
(
0.2)
10.5
(
0.8)
22.8
(
1.4)
39.8
(
1.8)
26.9
(
1.2)
23.6
(
0.4)
22.5
(
0.4)

Missouri
........................
62,454
54.3
(
2.0)
42.4
(
1.9)
2.2
(
0.5)
0.6
(
0.2)
10.6
(
1.1)
26.9
(
2.0)
37.2
(
2.2)
25.3
(
1.9)
23.7
(
0.5)
22.5
(
0.4)
Montana
.......................
12,851
71.3
(
1.3)
26.0
(
1.1)
1.8
(
0.4)
0.5
(
0.2)
11.1
(
0.7)
27.5
(
1.3)
39.0
(
1.3)
22.5
(
1.1)
21.2
(
0.8)
19.3
(
0.4)
Nebraska
......................
20,411
61.5
(
1.7)
36.0
(
1.6)
1.9
(
0.4)
0.4
(
0.2)
10.1
(
1.0)
24.4
(
1.4)
39.0
(
1.1)
26.5
(
1.6)
20.0
(
0.8)
18.7
(
0.4)
Nevada
.........................
12,822
50.5
(
2.2)
42.8
(
2.3)
5.7
(
0.9)
0.6
(
0.3)
12.0
(
1.1)
33.2
(
2.4)
35.0
(
1.8)
19.8
(
1.8)
24.4
(
0.7)
26.6
(
0.6)
New
Hampshire
...........
12,299
60.2
(
2.0)
35.9
(
1.9)
2.6
(
0.6)
0.7
(
0.3)
10.6
(
1.2)
26.8
(
1.7)
38.2
(
1.6)
24.4
(
1.6)
21.8
(
0.4)
20.5
(
0.4)

New
Jersey
..................
83,935
56.2
(
2.9)
37.4
(
2.7)
4.8
(
1.0)
1.0
(
0.3)
5.8
(
0.8)
21.1
(
2.0)
34.6
(
2.4)
38.5
(
1.9)
23.2
(
0.8)
20.5
(
0.4)
New
Mexico
.................
19,265
53.2
(
1.6)
43.6
(
1.6)
2.2
(
0.5)
0.4
(
0.2)
12.5
(
1.0)
32.5
(
1.4)
33.9
(
1.6)
21.1
(
1.5)
21.9
(
0.3)
24.5
(
0.4)
New
York
.....................
178,701
25.0
(
1.9)
68.1
(
1.9)
5.3
(
0.8)
1.5
(
0.6)
10.3
(
1.2)
23.9
(
1.7)
29.7
(
1.6)
36.1
(
2.0)
23.9
(
0.4)
23.2
(
0.4)
North
Carolina
..............
72,305
61.8
(
1.5)
35.0
(
1.6)
1.2
(
0.4)
0.5
(
0.3)
9.7
(
0.7)
26.6
(
1.4)
38.8
(
1.3)
25.0
(
1.3)
24.8
(
0.2)
22.4
(
0.3)
North
Dakota
................
8,404
79.3
(
1.1)
18.0
(
0.9)
1.6
(
0.3)
0.2
(
0.1)
12.1
(
1.0)
27.2
(
1.0)
37.7
(
1.5)
23.0
(
1.4)
20.7
(
0.7)
19.7
(
0.5)

Ohio
.............................
111,518
53.2
(
2.2)
41.8
(
2.3)
3.1
(
0.7)
0.4
(
0.2)
6.8
(
0.8)
23.2
(
1.8)
38.6
(
2.1)
31.4
(
2.1)
25.0
(
1.2)
22.3
(
0.4)
Oklahoma
.....................
42,220
56.9
(
1.8)
39.5
(
1.9)
3.2
(
0.5)
0.4
(
0.2)
10.4
(
0.8)
27.0
(
1.7)
41.2
(
1.8)
21.5
(
1.1)
20.5
(
0.4)
20.5
(
0.3)
Oregon
.........................
25,706
51.5
(
1.9)
43.1
(
1.9)
4.0
(
0.9)
0.8
(
0.5)
7.4
(
0.8)
27.0
(
1.6)
39.6
(
1.7)
26.0
(
1.7)
24.4
(
0.3)
23.9
(
0.4)
Pennsylvania
................
114,571
46.7
(
2.3)
45.6
(
1.9)
6.9
(
1.2)
0.3
(
0.2)
6.9
(
1.0)
18.3
(
2.0)
33.0
(
2.2)
41.8
(
2.2)
25.2
(
0.6)
24.1
(
0.3)
Rhode
Island
................
9,217
40.1
(
2.5)
53.3
(
2.4)
5.7
(
0.9)
1.0
(
0.5)
7.2
(
1.1)
21.9
(
1.8)
28.6
(
1.7)
42.3
(
2.0)
23.2
(
0.6)
20.8
(
0.5)

South
Carolina
.............
39,623
48.8
(
2.5)
43.4
(
2.6)
5.6
(
0.9)
0.7
(
0.3)
10.5
(
1.4)
25.1
(
1.9)
42.3
(
1.9)
22.1
(
1.7)
23.3
(
0.7)
22.5
(
0.4)
South
Dakota
...............
10,579
75.1
(
1.2)
23.2
(
1.1)
1.5
(
0.3)
0.1
(
0.1)
10.4
(
0.7)
28.6
(
1.2)
37.3
(
1.1)
23.8
(
1.2)
19.2
(
0.3)
20.9
(
0.4)
Tennessee
...................
47,662
51.2
(
2.0)
42.0
(
2.0)
4.8
(
0.8)
1.2
(
0.4)
12.4
(
1.1)
22.9
(
1.9)
35.5
(
2.0)
29.2
(
2.2)
24.4
(
1.2)
25.2
(
0.4)
Texas
...........................
223,800
69.7
(
1.3)
26.8
(
1.5)
1.8
(
0.4)
0.9
(
0.5)
12.1
(
0.9)
30.1
(
1.5)
37.5
(
1.4)
20.4
(
1.4)
20.1
(
0.2)
22.5
(
0.4)
Utah
.............................
19,884
70.6
(
1.4)
23.5
(
1.3)
4.2
(
0.7)
0.4
(
0.1)
12.7
(
0.8)
32.8
(
1.4)
36.1
(
1.4)
18.3
(
1.0)
27.5
(
0.4)
28.8
(
0.2)

Vermont
.......................
7,327
49.4
(
1.8)
47.5
(
1.8)
2.1
(
0.8)
0.5
(
0.4)
12.3
(
1.5)
25.3
(
1.9)
34.4
(
1.9)
28.0
(
1.8)
19.7
(
0.8)
19.2
(
0.4)
Virginia
.........................
64,937
64.4
(
2.1)
31.3
(
2.0)
2.4
(
0.6)
0.5
(
0.2)
10.5
(
1.2)
26.0
(
2.2)
37.5
(
2.0)
26.1
(
1.9)
22.6
(
0.3)
21.6
(
0.3)
Washington
..................
48,452
56.3
(
1.9)
37.5
(
2.2)
3.6
(
0.9)
1.0
(
0.3)
10.8
(
0.9)
30.1
(
2.0)
32.2
(
1.9)
26.9
(
1.6)
25.9
(
1.3)
25.5
(
0.2)
West
Virginia
................
21,473
41.7
(
1.7)
53.1
(
1.7)
4.3
(
0.6)
 
 
4.4
(
0.8)
21.6
(
1.6)
42.7
(
1.5)
31.4
(
1.7)
20.9
(
0.5)
22.5
(
0.3)
Wisconsin
.....................
62,958
59.3
(
1.7)
38.1
(
1.6)
1.7
(
0.4)
0.6
(
0.3)
9.1
(
0.8)
24.7
(
1.8)
29.5
(
2.2)
36.7
(
2.2)
23.1
(
0.4)
23.1
(
0.4)
Wyoming
......................
7,567
71.3
(
1.0)
26.5
(
0.9)
1.4
(
0.3)
0.4
(
0.1)
9.4
(
0.8)
22.6
(
1.2)
41.6
(
1.3)
26.5
(
1.3)
21.0
(
0.3)
19.3
(
0.3)

1
Data
are
based
on
a
head
count
of
all
teachers
rather
than
on
the
number
of
fulltime
equivalent
teachers
appearing
in
other
tables.
2
Teachers
with
less
than
a
bachelor's
degree
are
not
shown.
3
Elementary
teachers
are
those
who
taught
self­
contained
classes
at
the
elementary
level
and
secondary
teachers
are
those
who
taught
departmentalized
classes
(
e.
g.,
science,
art,
social
science,
or
other
course
subjects)
at
the
secondary
level.
Excludes
special
education
teachers.
Teachers
were
classified
as
elementary
or
secondary
on
the
basis
of
the
grades
they
taught,
rather
than
on
the
level
of
the
school
in
which
they
taught.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Excludes
prekindergarten
teachers.
Details
may
not
add
to
totals
due
to
rounding.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94;''
and
Condition
of
Education,
1997,
Supplemental
Tables.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1998.)
80
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
70.
 
Selected
characteristics
of
public
school
teachers:
Spring
1961
to
spring
1996
Item
1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Number
of
teachers,
in
thousands
............
1,408
1,710
2,055
2,196
2,185
2,206
2,398
2,164
Sex
(
percent)
Men
......................................................................
31.3
31.1
34.3
32.9
33.1
31.2
27.9
25.6
Women
.................................................................
68.7
68.9
65.7
67.1
66.9
68.8
72.1
74.4
Median
age
(
years)
All
teachers
..........................................................
41
36
35
33
37
41
42
44
Men
......................................................................
34
33
33
33
38
42
43
46
Women
.................................................................
46
40
37
33
36
41
42
44
Race
(
percent)
White
....................................................................
 
 
88.3
90.8
91.6
89.6
86.8
90.7
Black
.....................................................................
 
 
8.1
8.0
7.8
6.9
8.0
7.3
Other
....................................................................
 
 
3.6
1.2
0.7
3.4
5.2
2.0
Marital
status
(
percent)
Single
...................................................................
22.3
22.0
19.5
20.1
18.5
12.9
11.7
12.4
Married
.................................................................
68.0
69.1
71.9
71.3
73.0
75.7
75.7
75.9
Widowed,
divorced,
or
separated
........................
9.7
9.0
8.6
8.6
8.5
11.4
12.6
11.8
Highest
degree
held
(
percent)
1
Less
than
bachelor's
............................................
14.6
7.0
2.9
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.3
Bachelor's
.............................................................
61.9
69.6
69.6
61.6
50.1
48.3
46.3
43.6
Master's
or
specialist
degree
...............................
23.1
23.2
27.1
37.1
49.3
50.7
52.6
54.5
Doctor's
................................................................
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.5
1.7
College
credits
earned
in
last
3
years
Percent
who
earned
credits
.................................
 
 
60.7
63.2
56.1
53.1
50.3
50.2
Mean
number
of
credits
earned
2
........................
 
 
14
 
9
4
4
 
Median
years
of
teaching
experience
..........................
11
8
8
8
12
15
15
15
Teaching
for
first
year
(
percent)
...................................
8.0
9.1
9.1
5.5
2.4
3.1
3.0
2.1
Average
number
of
pupils
per
class
Elementary
teachers,
not
departmentalized
........
29
28
27
25
25
24
24
24
Elementary
teachers,
departmentalized
..............
 
 
25
23
22
 
 
 
Secondary
teachers
.............................................
28
26
27
25
23
25
26
31
Mean
number
of
students
taught
per
day
by
secondary
teachers
........................................
138
132
134
126
118
94
93
97
Average
number
of
hours
in
required
school
day
........
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.3
Average
number
of
hours
per
week
spent
on
all
teaching
duties
All
teachers
...................................................
47
47
47
46
46
49
47
49
Elementary
teachers
.....................................
49
47
46
44
44
47
44
47
Secondary
teachers
......................................
46
48
48
48
48
51
50
52
Average
number
of
days
of
classroom
teaching
in
school
year
.......................................................
 
181
181
180
180
180
180
180
Average
number
of
nonteaching
days
in
school
year
.......................................................
 
5
4
5
6
5
5
6
Average
annual
salary
as
classroom
teacher
..............
3
$
5,264
$
6,253
$
9,261
$
12,005
$
17,209
$
24,504
$
31,790
$
35,549
Total
income,
including
spouse's
(
if
married)
..............
 
 
$
15,021
$
19,957
$
29,831
$
43,413
$
55,491
$
63,171
Willingness
to
teach
again
(
percent)
Certainly
would
.....................................................
49.9
52.6
44.9
37.5
21.8
22.7
28.6
32.1
Probably
would
.....................................................
26.9
25.4
29.5
26.1
24.6
26.3
30.5
30.5
Chances
about
even
............................................
12.5
12.9
13.0
17.5
17.6
19.8
18.5
17.3
Probably
would
not
..............................................
7.9
7.1
8.9
13.4
24.0
22.0
17.0
15.8
Certainly
would
not
..............................................
2.8
2.0
3.7
5.6
12.0
9.3
5.4
4.3
1
Figures
for
curriculum
specialist
or
professional
diploma
based
on
six
years
of
college
study
are
not
included.

2
Measured
in
semester
hours.

3
Includes
extra
pay
for
extra
duties.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
public
school
teachers.
Data
differ
from
figures
appearing
in
other
tables
because
of
varying
processing
procedures
and
time
period
coverages.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Education
Association,
``
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher,
1995
 
96.''
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1997
by
the
National
Education
Association.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)
81
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
71.
 
Public
secondary
school
teachers,
by
subject
taught:
Spring
1966
to
spring
1996
[
Percentage
distribution]

Teaching
field
in
which
largest
portion
of
time
was
spent
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Total
secondary
school
teachers,
in
thousands
..........................................
746
927
1,016
995
970
1,012
1,049
All
fields
.................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Agriculture
...................................................
1.6
0.6
0.6
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.5
Art
...............................................................
2.0
3.7
2.4
3.1
1.5
2.6
3.3
Business
education
....................................
7.0
5.9
4.6
6.2
6.5
3.5
4.1
English
........................................................
18.1
20.4
19.9
23.8
21.8
25.0
23.9
Foreign
language
........................................
6.4
4.8
4.2
2.8
3.7
3.8
5.2
Health
and
physical
education
...................
6.9
8.3
7.9
6.5
5.6
7.5
5.9
Home
economics
........................................
5.9
5.1
2.8
3.6
2.6
3.1
2.2
Industrial
arts
..............................................
5.1
4.1
3.9
5.2
2.2
2.1
0.5
Mathematics
...............................................
13.9
14.4
18.2
15.3
19.2
14.5
17.2
Music
..........................................................
4.7
3.8
3.0
3.7
4.8
4.2
4.3
Science
.......................................................
10.8
10.6
13.1
12.1
11.0
13.3
12.6
Social
studies
.............................................
15.3
14.0
12.4
11.2
13.6
11.0
13.4
Special
education
.......................................
0.4
1.1
3.0
2.1
3.5
5.2
1.7
Other
...........................................................
1.9
3.1
4.0
3.3
3.4
3.9
5.2
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
public
school
teachers.
SOURCE:
National
Education
Association,
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher,
1995
 
96.
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1997
by
the
National
Education
Association.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)

Table
72.
 
Percent
of
vocational
and
nonvocational
public
school
teachers
of
grades
9
to
12,
by
selected
demographic
and
educational
characteristics:
1993
 
94
Characteristics
of
teachers
Total
Teacher
type
Characteristics
of
teachers
Total
Teacher
type
Nonvocational
Vocational
Nonvocational
Vocational
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Total
..................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
Sex
Major
field
of
study
Male
..................................................................
48.3
46.2
63.2
Business
and
management
..............................
1.1
0.7
6.5
Female
.............................................................
51.7
53.8
36.8
Education
..........................................................
52.4
50.3
75.2
Academic
area
...............................................
26.7
28.6
5.3
English
education
.......................................
5.2
5.7
0.3
Race/
ethnicity
Music
education
.........................................
3.4
3.7
0.2
White
................................................................
88.8
88.9
88.5
Physical
education
.....................................
9.1
9.5
3.8
Black
.................................................................
6.0
5.9
7.1
Other
academic
area
.................................
9.0
9.7
1.0
Hispanic
............................................................
3.4
3.5
2.8
Administration
................................................
5.3
5.1
7.0
Asian
................................................................
0.9
0.9
0.8
General
..........................................................
4.5
4.6
3.3
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
.................
0.8
0.8
0.8
Special
education
..........................................
6.8
7.3
1.3
Vocational
education
.....................................
6.5
3.7
37.2
Other
education
.............................................
7.9
6.7
21.5
Age
English
..............................................................
4.1
4.4
0.3
Under
30
years
................................................
9.8
10.3
6.4
Foreign
language
..............................................
4.7
5.1
0.1
30
to
39
years
..................................................
22.1
22.3
20.8
Mathematics
......................................................
3.2
3.5
0.6
40
to
49
years
..................................................
40.7
40.7
40.6
Sciences
............................................................
7.8
8.1
4.3
50
years
and
over
............................................
27.5
26.8
32.2
Social
sciences
and
history
..............................
10.0
10.7
1.8
Visual
and
performing
arts
................................
2.6
2.7
1.0
Other
.................................................................
6.1
6.2
5.5
Highest
college
degree
Age
at
which
first
began
to
Less
than
a
bachelor's
degree
........................
1.7
0.5
10.3
teach
full­
time
or
part­
time
Bachelor's
degree
............................................
46.6
47.0
43.5
25
or
under
....................................................
75.7
75.6
76.5
Master's
degree
...............................................
45.4
46.2
39.8
26
to
35
.........................................................
22.1
22.1
21.7
Education
specialist
1
.......................................
5.3
5.2
5.6
36
to
45
.........................................................
2.2
2.2
1.9
Doctorate
or
first
professional
..........................
1.1
1.1
0.7
46
to
55
.........................................................
0.1
0.1
0.0
1
Education
specialist
degrees
or
certificates
are
generally
awarded
for
one
year's
work
beyond
the
master's
level.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
82
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
73.
 
Mobility
of
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
teachers,
by
selected
school
and
teacher
characteristics:
1987
 
88
to
1994
 
95
Characteristic
Percentage
distribution
of
public
school
teachers
Percentage
distribution
of
private
school
teachers
1987
 
88
to
1988
 
89
1990
 
91
to
1991
 
92
1993
 
94
to
1994
 
95
1987
 
88
to
1988
 
89
1990
 
91
to
1991
 
92
1993
 
94
to
1994
 
95
Remained
teaching
in
the
same
school
Remained
in
teaching
but
changed
schools
Left
teaching
Remained
teaching
in
the
same
school
Remained
in
teaching
but
changed
schools
Left
teaching
Remained
teaching
in
the
same
school
Remained
in
teaching
but
changed
schools
Left
teaching
Left
teaching
Left
teaching
Remained
teaching
in
the
same
school
Remained
in
teaching
but
changed
schools
Left
teaching
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
..........................................
86.5
7.9
5.6
87.6
7.3
5.1
86.3
7.2
6.6
12.7
12.3
82.3
5.8
11.9
Sex
Male
......................................
87.7
7.3
5.1
89.1
6.4
4.5
88.2
6.6
5.2
10.2
12.1
82.1
4.8
13.1
Female
..................................
86.1
8.1
5.8
87.1
7.6
5.3
85.6
7.4
7.1
13.4
12.3
82.4
6.1
11.6
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.............
86.5
7.8
5.7
87.6
7.3
5.1
86.7
6.8
6.5
12.1
12.0
82.5
5.7
11.7
Total
minority
........................
87.0
8.6
4.4
87.5
7.1
5.3
83.7
9.5
6.8
21.4
15.4
79.2
 
14.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
..........
86.2
8.8
5.1
85.5
8.3
6.1
84.9
8.5
6.6
34.7
19.3
82.3
 
12.6
Hispanic
............................
88.9
8.2
2.9
89.6
6.0
4.4
79.4
11.5
9.1
21.3
13.6
77.2
 
14.6
Age
Less
than
25
.........................
78.7
17.0
4.3
73.8
17.2
9.1
81.1
15.2
3.8
19.0
23.8
67.4
12.6
20.0
25
to
29
................................
75.0
16.1
9.0
76.6
14.3
9.0
76.3
13.7
10.0
17.6
17.8
76.1
10.8
13.1
30
to
39
................................
85.2
9.0
5.8
85.9
9.9
4.2
84.8
8.6
6.7
12.4
13.7
77.6
7.5
14.9
40
to
49
................................
91.2
6.4
2.4
92.5
5.5
2.0
89.9
6.1
3.9
10.5
7.7
87.2
4.1
8.7
50
to
59
................................
90.4
3.9
5.7
89.3
4.0
6.7
88.9
4.8
6.3
11.3
9.6
89.3
2.4
8.2
60
to
64
................................
72.0
4.5
23.4
71.0
2.2
26.8
68.0
1.5
30.5
16.9
17.8
84.9
2.0
13.1
65
and
over
..........................
83.3
0.0
16.7
48.9
10.3
40.9
63.2
 
34.1
7.9
20.7
56.6
 
41.9
Full­
time
teaching
experience
Less
than
1
year
..................
76.9
11.5
11.6
51.5
31.3
17.2
79.7
11.1
9.3
27.4
28.4
70.3
7.6
22.1
1
to
3
years
..........................
77.4
14.3
8.3
79.7
13.1
7.2
79.6
12.7
7.8
15.9
16.7
72.3
10.3
17.3
1
year
................................
77.3
14.2
8.5
79.0
12.6
8.4
81.2
12.4
6.4
18.8
18.8
66.7
11.6
21.7
2
years
..............................
78.8
13.6
7.6
78.7
14.1
7.1
76.4
14.6
9.1
14.6
15.8
71.9
11.2
17.0
3
years
..............................
76.0
15.2
8.8
81.6
12.4
5.9
81.4
10.8
7.8
14.3
14.7
79.8
7.8
12.4
4
to
9
years
..........................
82.9
11.1
6.0
84.8
9.9
5.3
83.0
9.9
7.1
12.8
12.7
81.2
7.0
11.9
10
to
19
years
......................
89.3
6.7
4.0
91.0
6.5
2.4
89.1
6.6
4.4
11.4
6.2
89.7
2.4
7.9
20
to
24
years
......................
93.6
4.1
2.2
93.3
3.3
3.4
92.5
2.8
4.6
7.4
4.7
92.3
2.5
5.2
25
years
or
more
..................
84.9
4.1
11.0
85.9
3.1
11.0
84.9
4.1
11.1
7.4
14.6
85.5
2.9
11.6
Level
taught
Elementary
...........................
85.0
9.5
5.5
87.1
8.1
4.8
86.0
7.6
6.4
12.5
11.3
82.4
6.1
11.5
Secondary
............................
88.1
6.2
5.6
88.2
6.4
5.5
86.6
6.7
6.7
12.9
13.3
82.2
5.2
12.6
School
size
Less
than
150
.......................
85.6
9.8
4.5
86.6
8.1
5.3
78.6
10.3
11.1
19.4
17.0
76.0
7.9
16.2
150
to
299
............................
84.6
9.9
5.4
88.0
7.7
4.3
85.8
7.0
7.1
12.1
13.8
79.6
8.0
12.4
300
to
499
............................
86.9
7.5
5.6
85.8
8.5
5.7
86.2
7.3
6.5
10.2
7.7
84.3
3.2
12.5
500
to
749
............................
86.8
7.5
5.7
87.7
7.6
4.7
85.3
7.1
7.6
9.2
9.8
89.6
3.3
7.1
750
or
more
..........................
87.7
7.4
4.9
88.6
6.1
5.4
87.7
6.6
5.7
12.8
6.7
89.6
4.2
6.2
Percent
minority
enrollment
Less
than
5%
.......................
88.0
6.9
5.1
89.6
5.7
4.6
87.1
4.9
8.0
13.2
11.5
83.9
5.1
11.0
5
to
19%
...............................
86.6
7.6
5.8
88.1
6.4
5.5
87.3
6.7
6.0
10.3
12.2
84.8
4.2
11.1
20
to
49%
.............................
87.3
7.6
5.2
85.6
8.6
5.9
86.6
7.2
6.2
18.9
12.2
77.0
7.4
15.6
50%
or
more
.........................
85.0
9.7
5.3
86.2
8.9
4.9
83.6
9.6
6.8
13.6
13.1
75.8
10.9
13.2
Community
type
Central
city
...........................
 
 
 
86.3
8.6
5.2
86.1
7.6
6.3
 
12.7
83.4
5.7
10.9
Urban
fringe/
small
town
.......
 
 
 
87.2
7.3
5.5
86.3
7.2
6.5
 
10.6
81.9
5.5
12.6
Rural/
small
town
...................
 
 
 
88.8
6.4
4.8
86.4
6.8
6.8
 
13.9
80.0
6.4
13.6
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Details
may
not
add
to
100
percent
due
to
rounding.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Characteristics
of
Stayers,
Movers,
and
Leavers:
Results
from
the
Teacher
Followup
Survey:
1994
 
95.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
83
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
74.
 
Average
salaries
for
full­
time
teachers
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
1993
 
94
Selected
characteristics
Total
earned
income
Base
salary
Number
of
full­
time
teachers
School
year
supplemental
contract
Supplemental
contract
during
summer
Number
of
teachers
with
nonschool
employment
Number
of
teachers
Supplemental
salary
Number
of
teachers
Supplemental
salary
Teaching
or
tutor
Education
related
Not
education
related
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Public
schools
Total
.................................................................
$
36,498
$
34,153
2,340,443
815,827
$
2,075
401,516
$
2,070
118,603
80,014
237,177
Men
..............................................................
41,031
36,182
642,807
348,855
2,923
147,299
2,530
37,297
39,150
124,487
Women
.........................................................
34,781
33,384
1,697,636
466,972
1,442
254,218
1,803
81,305
40,863
112,689
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.....................................
36,576
34,221
2,012,142
722,694
2,067
328,492
2,015
100,017
68,991
208,306
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....................................
36,200
33,889
181,896
48,968
2,325
40,819
2,221
10,734
5,490
16,336
Hispanic
.......................................................
35,197
32,996
102,965
31,653
1,930
24,122
2,477
5,817
3,644
7,337
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
..............................
38,292
36,134
25,383
6,391
1,873
5,381
2,285
1,298
910
2,327
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
.............
35,635
32,994
18,057
6,121
2,068
2,703
2,305
737
979
2,871
Age
Less
than
30
................................................
27,151
24,737
258,692
113,918
1,777
51,862
1,819
11,924
8,078
28,228
30
to
39
........................................................
31,596
29,270
517,638
204,607
2,163
102,314
1,942
24,860
19,623
49,690
40
to
49
........................................................
38,106
35,751
974,299
328,974
2,107
161,320
2,053
50,193
34,480
100,528
50
or
more
...................................................
42,243
39,931
589,815
168,328
2,109
86,021
2,404
31,625
17,833
58,730
Years
of
teaching
experience
First
year
......................................................
26,641
23,544
99,833
35,238
1,573
16,007
2,516
4,554
2,463
13,210
2
to
4
years
..................................................
27,217
25,089
272,905
109,127
1,660
54,192
1,806
10,991
9,575
30,150
5
to
9
years
..................................................
30,709
28,451
388,370
145,326
1,998
79,198
2,046
23,195
11,272
36,451
10
to
14
years
..............................................
33,805
31,792
355,460
114,950
2,110
58,360
2,003
16,150
12,281
30,036
15
to
19
years
..............................................
37,984
35,809
380,168
131,094
2,177
65,105
1,842
19,878
14,175
35,835
20
or
more
years
.........................................
43,796
41,215
843,707
280,091
2,279
128,653
2,285
43,835
30,248
91,495
Level
Elementary
...................................................
34,944
33,517
1,193,257
254,890
1,503
170,059
1,801
47,820
27,084
90,749
Secondary
....................................................
38,114
34,815
1,147,186
560,937
2,335
231,457
2,267
70,783
52,930
146,427
Private
schools
Total
.................................................................
$
24,053
$
21,968
302,431
64,063
$
1,894
62,847
$
2,122
20,237
11,424
34,099
Men
..............................................................
30,215
26,120
72,264
27,418
2,408
21,317
2,584
3,993
4,969
14,283
Women
.........................................................
22,118
20,669
230,167
36,645
1,509
41,530
1,885
16,244
6,456
19,816
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.....................................
24,084
22,000
278,749
59,475
1,903
55,950
2,109
18,461
10,677
31,724
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....................................
23,043
20,796
8,946
1,350
2,451
3,024
2,173
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
Hispanic
.......................................................
22,256
20,672
9,862
2,013
1,209
2,269
2,298
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
..............................
28,505
25,861
3,786
997
2,054
1,185
2,643
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
.............
25,082
21,625
1,088
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)

Age
Less
than
30
................................................
19,438
17,010
56,709
14,802
1,572
15,865
1,781
4,600
2,373
8,982
30
to
39
........................................................
23,334
20,925
73,855
16,590
1,947
17,227
2,161
4,636
3,247
10,087
40
to
49
........................................................
25,230
23,224
102,226
21,284
1,915
20,355
2,196
6,965
3,794
9,580
50
or
more
...................................................
26,845
25,273
69,641
11,388
2,193
9,400
2,467
4,035
2,010
5,449
Years
of
teaching
experience
First
year
......................................................
19,408
16,318
22,922
4,832
1,539
4,545
1,973
1,798
(
1)
3,395
2
to
4
years
..................................................
19,858
17,719
54,831
12,001
1,580
15,974
1,899
3,970
1,924
8,207
5
to
9
years
..................................................
21,764
19,748
66,567
13,905
1,816
14,111
2,112
4,625
3,184
8,044
10
to
14
years
..............................................
24,266
22,424
49,880
10,007
1,741
9,171
2,032
2,369
1,404
5,133
15
to
19
years
..............................................
27,238
25,351
42,209
8,985
2,129
8,460
2,257
3,601
1,812
3,452
20
or
more
years
.........................................
29,258
27,178
66,022
14,334
2,310
10,585
2,508
3,874
2,320
5,867
Level
Elementary
...................................................
21,485
19,977
179,936
23,015
1,514
33,338
1,846
11,805
5,645
18,137
Secondary
....................................................
27,824
24,896
122,496
41,048
2,106
29,509
2,435
8,432
5,780
15,962
1
Too
few
sample
cases
(
fewer
than
30)
for
a
reliable
estimate.

NOTE.
 
Details
may
not
add
to
totals
because
of
rounding
or
missing
values
in
cells
with
too
few
cases,
or
survey
item
nonresponse.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94,''
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1997.)
84
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
75.
 
Opinions
of
public
school
teachers
on
the
overall
quality
of
education
that
students
received
at
their
school,
by
selected
characteristics:
1987
and
1997
Student
characteristics
Percent
of
teachers
1987
1997
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
......................................................................................
26
64
9
1
37
55
7
1
Urbanicity
Urban
................................................................................
18
65
15
1
30
56
12
2
Suburban
..........................................................................
29
62
8
1
50
47
3
0
Small
town
........................................................................
26
64
9
1
36
59
5
0
Rural
.................................................................................
26
64
8
2
33
58
8
(
1)
Median
income
of
community
where
most
students
live
$
30,000
or
less
................................................................
 
 
 
 
29
59
10
1
More
than
$
30,000
...........................................................
 
 
 
 
49
48
2
0
1
Value
less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Metropolitan
Life/
Louis
Harris
Associates,
Inc.,
The
Metropolitan
Life
Survey
of
The
American
Teacher,
1998.
``
Building
Family­
School
Partnerships:
Views
of
Teachers
and
Students.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
76.
 
Percent
of
public
school
teachers
who
reported
opinions
on
various
aspects
of
their
schools:
1987
and
1997
Aspect
of
school
1987
1997
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
The
qualifications
and
competence
of
teachers
in
your
school
.......................................................
45
48
7
 
54
41
4
 
The
relations
between
parents
and
teachers
in
your
school
.......................................................
15
53
25
6
13
58
24
4
The
availability
and
responsiveness
of
parents
when
you
need
to
contact
them
.........................
14
38
37
11
16
47
27
10
The
amount
of
support
for
the
school
shown
by
the
parents
..........................................................
17
40
30
12
19
44
28
10
The
overall
quality
of
the
education
that
students
receive
at
your
school
....................................
26
64
9
1
37
55
7
1
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Metropolitan
Life/
Louis
Harris
Associates,
Inc.,
The
Metropolitan
Life
Survey
of
The
American
Teacher,
1998,
``
Building
Family­
School
Partnerships:
Views
of
Teachers
and
Students.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
77.
 
Percent
of
public
school
students
who
reported
various
levels
of
parental/
guardian
involvement
in
their
education,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1997
Student
characteristics
Parental
level
of
involvement
Very
involved
Somewhat
involved
Not
very
involved
Not
at
all
involved
1
2
3
4
5
Total
.....................................................................................................................................
40
43
11
4
Race/
ethnicity
White
...................................................................................................................................
37
45
13
3
Black
....................................................................................................................................
56
35
7
1
Hispanic
...............................................................................................................................
41
40
10
8
Poverty
level
Not
enough/
just
enough
money
for
basics
.........................................................................
32
45
14
8
More
than
enough
money
for
basics
..................................................................................
43
43
11
2
At
least
one
parent
with
college
degree
Yes
......................................................................................................................................
47
42
7
3
No
........................................................................................................................................
35
45
14
4
School
level
Grades
7
 
8
..........................................................................................................................
46
39
10
3
Grades
9
 
12
........................................................................................................................
37
45
12
4
Student's
grades
Mostly
A/
B
...........................................................................................................................
44
43
9
3
Mostly
B/
C
...........................................................................................................................
39
43
13
4
Worse
than
C
......................................................................................................................
25
44
19
6
SOURCE:
Metropolitan
Life/
Louis
Harris
Associates,
Inc.,
The
Metropolitan
Life
Survey
of
The
American
Teacher,
1998.
``
Building
Family­
School
Partnerships:
Views
of
Teachers
and
Students.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
85
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
78.
 
Estimated
average
annual
salary
of
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1959
 
60
to
1997
 
98
School
year
Current
dollars
Constant
1997
 
98
dollars
1
All
teachers
Elementary
teachers
Secondary
teachers
All
teachers
Elementary
teachers
Secondary
teachers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1959
 
60
.................................................
$
4,995
$
4,815
$
5,276
$
27,496
$
26,505
$
29,042
1961
 
62
.................................................
5,515
5,340
5,775
29,676
28,735
31,075
1963
 
64
.................................................
5,995
5,805
6,266
31,439
30,443
32,860
1965
 
66
.................................................
6,485
6,279
6,761
32,873
31,828
34,272
1967
 
68
.................................................
7,423
7,208
7,692
35,304
34,281
36,583
1969
 
70
.................................................
8,626
8,412
8,891
36,934
36,018
38,069
1970
 
71
.................................................
9,268
9,021
9,568
37,735
36,729
38,957
1971
 
72
.................................................
9,705
9,424
10,031
38,146
37,041
39,427
1972
 
73
.................................................
10,174
9,893
10,507
38,441
37,379
39,699
1973
 
74
.................................................
10,770
10,507
11,077
37,361
36,449
38,426
1974
 
75
.................................................
11,641
11,334
12,000
36,354
35,395
37,475
1975
 
76
.................................................
12,600
12,280
12,937
36,748
35,814
37,730
1976
 
77
.................................................
13,354
12,989
13,776
36,801
35,795
37,964
1977
 
78
.................................................
14,198
13,845
14,602
36,665
35,753
37,708
1978
 
79
.................................................
15,032
14,681
15,450
35,494
34,665
36,480
1979
 
80
.................................................
15,970
15,569
16,459
33,272
32,437
34,291
1980
 
81
.................................................
17,644
17,230
18,142
32,944
32,171
33,874
1981
 
82
.................................................
19,274
18,853
19,805
33,126
32,402
34,039
1982
 
83
.................................................
20,695
20,227
21,291
34,103
33,332
35,086
1983
 
84
.................................................
21,935
21,487
22,554
34,857
34,145
35,840
1984
 
85
.................................................
23,600
23,200
24,187
36,090
35,478
36,987
1985
 
86
.................................................
25,199
24,718
25,846
37,455
36,740
38,417
1986
 
87
.................................................
26,569
26,057
27,244
38,634
37,889
39,615
1987
 
88
.................................................
28,034
27,519
28,798
39,142
38,423
40,209
1988
 
89
.................................................
29,564
29,022
30,218
39,456
38,733
40,329
1989
 
90
.................................................
31,367
30,832
32,049
39,956
39,274
40,824
1990
 
91
.................................................
33,084
32,490
33,896
39,958
39,241
40,939
1991
 
92
.................................................
34,063
33,479
34,827
39,863
39,180
40,757
1992
 
93
.................................................
35,029
34,350
35,880
39,752
38,981
40,718
1993
 
94
.................................................
35,737
35,233
36,566
39,531
38,974
40,448
1994
 
95
.................................................
36,685
36,160
37,468
39,449
38,885
40,291
1995
 
96
.................................................
37,716
37,295
38,371
39,484
39,043
40,170
1996
 
97
.................................................
38,554
38,193
39,137
39,242
38,874
39,835
1997
 
98
.................................................
39,385
39,075
39,889
39,385
39,075
39,889
1
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index,
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics;
and
unpublished
data.
(
Latest
edition
1997
 
98.
Copyright
Ó
 
1998
by
the
National
Education
Association.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
86
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
79.
 
Estimated
average
annual
salary
of
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
State
Current
dollars
Constant
1997
 
98
dollars
1
Percent
change,
1979
 
80
to
1997
 
98
in
constant
dollars
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1997
 
98
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
United
States
..............
$
8,626
$
15,970
$
31,367
$
36,685
$
37,716
$
38,554
$
39,385
$
36,934
$
33,272
$
39,956
$
39,449
$
39,484
$
39,242
18.4
Alabama
...........................
6,818
13,060
24,828
31,144
31,313
32,549
32,818
29,193
27,209
31,626
33,491
32,781
33,129
20.6
Alaska
..............................
10,560
27,210
43,153
47,951
49,171
50,647
51,738
45,215
56,690
54,969
51,564
51,476
51,550
 
8.7
Arizona
.............................
8,711
15,054
29,402
32,574
33,300
33,300
33,850
37,298
31,364
37,453
35,029
34,861
33,894
7.9
Arkansas
..........................
6,307
12,299
22,352
28,934
29,533
30,319
30,578
27,005
25,624
28,472
31,114
30,917
30,860
19.3
California
..........................
10,315
18,020
37,998
41,078
42,259
42,992
43,725
44,166
37,543
48,402
44,173
44,240
43,759
16.5
Colorado
..........................
7,761
16,205
30,758
34,571
35,364
36,271
37,052
33,230
33,762
39,180
37,176
37,022
36,918
9.7
Connecticut
......................
9,262
16,229
40,461
50,045
50,254
50,426
50,730
39,657
33,812
51,540
53,816
52,610
51,325
50.0
Delaware
..........................
9,015
16,148
33,377
39,076
40,533
41,436
42,439
38,600
33,643
42,516
42,021
42,433
42,175
26.1
District
of
Columbia
.........
10,285
22,190
38,402
43,700
43,700
45,012
46,350
44,037
46,231
48,917
46,993
45,748
45,815
0.3
Florida
..............................
8,412
14,149
28,803
32,588
33,330
33,889
34,475
36,018
29,478
36,690
35,044
34,892
34,493
17.0
Georgia
............................
7,276
13,853
28,006
32,291
34,002
35,596
37,378
31,154
28,862
35,674
34,724
35,596
36,231
29.5
Hawaii
..............................
9,453
19,920
32,047
38,518
35,807
35,842
38,377
40,475
41,502
40,822
41,421
37,485
36,481
 
7.5
Idaho
................................
6,890
13,611
23,861
29,783
30,891
31,818
32,775
29,501
28,357
30,394
32,027
32,339
32,385
15.6
Illinois
...............................
9,569
17,601
32,794
39,431
40,919
42,125
43,873
40,972
36,670
41,773
42,402
42,837
42,876
19.6
Indiana
.............................
8,833
15,599
30,902
36,785
37,675
38,845
39,682
37,820
32,499
39,363
39,557
39,441
39,538
22.1
Iowa
.................................
8,355
15,203
26,747
31,511
32,372
33,272
34,040
35,774
31,674
34,071
33,886
33,889
33,865
7.5
Kansas
.............................
7,612
13,690
28,744
34,652
35,023
35,739
36,811
32,592
28,522
36,614
37,263
36,665
36,376
29.1
Kentucky
..........................
6,953
14,520
26,292
32,257
33,080
33,797
34,525
29,771
30,251
33,491
34,688
34,631
34,400
14.1
Louisiana
.........................
7,028
13,760
24,300
26,461
27,530
29,025
29,650
30,092
28,668
30,954
28,455
28,820
29,543
3.4
Maine
...............................
7,572
13,071
26,881
31,972
32,869
33,676
34,349
32,421
27,232
34,241
34,381
34,410
34,277
26.1
Maryland
..........................
9,383
17,558
36,319
40,661
41,160
41,148
41,739
40,175
36,581
46,263
43,725
43,089
41,882
14.1
Massachusetts
.................
8,764
17,253
34,712
40,718
41,408
42,650
43,930
37,525
35,945
44,216
43,786
43,349
43,411
22.2
Michigan
..........................
9,826
19,663
37,072
41,895
46,832
48,238
49,277
42,072
40,966
47,223
45,052
49,027
49,098
20.3
Minnesota
........................
8,658
15,912
32,190
35,948
36,937
38,281
39,106
37,071
33,151
41,004
38,657
38,668
38,964
18.0
Mississippi
.......................
5,798
11,850
24,292
26,818
27,692
27,720
29,547
24,825
24,689
30,943
28,839
28,990
28,214
19.7
Missouri
...........................
7,799
13,682
27,094
31,189
32,322
33,155
33,975
33,393
28,505
34,513
33,539
33,837
33,746
19.2
Montana
...........................
7,606
14,537
25,081
28,785
29,364
29,958
30,617
32,567
30,287
31,948
30,954
30,740
30,492
1.1
Nebraska
.........................
7,375
13,516
25,522
30,922
31,496
31,768
32,668
31,578
28,159
32,510
33,252
32,972
32,335
16.0
Nevada
............................
9,215
16,295
30,590
34,836
36,167
37,340
37,093
39,456
33,949
38,966
37,461
37,862
38,006
9.3
New
Hampshire
...............
7,771
13,017
28,986
34,720
35,792
36,029
36,640
33,273
27,120
36,923
37,336
37,470
36,672
35.1
New
Jersey
......................
9,130
17,161
35,676
47,038
48,751
49,786
50,442
39,092
35,754
45,444
50,583
51,036
50,674
41.1
New
Mexico
.....................
7,796
14,887
24,756
28,493
29,074
30,131
30,152
33,380
31,016
31,534
30,640
30,437
30,668
 
2.8
New
York
.........................
10,336
19,812
38,925
47,612
48,115
48,000
49,034
44,256
41,277
49,583
51,200
50,370
48,856
18.8
North
Carolina
.................
7,494
14,117
27,883
30,793
30,411
31,167
33,315
32,087
29,412
35,518
33,113
31,836
31,723
13.3
North
Dakota
...................
6,696
13,263
23,016
26,327
26,969
27,711
28,230
28,670
27,632
29,318
28,311
28,233
28,205
2.2
Ohio
.................................
8,300
15,269
31,218
36,802
37,835
38,676
38,977
35,538
31,812
39,766
39,575
39,608
39,366
22.5
Oklahoma
........................
6,882
13,107
23,070
28,172
28,404
30,369
30,606
29,467
27,307
29,387
30,295
29,735
30,911
12.1
Oregon
.............................
8,818
16,266
30,840
38,555
39,706
40,960
42,150
37,756
33,889
39,284
41,460
41,567
41,690
24.4
Pennsylvania
...................
8,858
16,515
33,338
44,510
46,087
47,147
47,650
37,927
34,408
42,466
47,864
48,247
47,988
38.5
Rhode
Island
...................
8,776
18,002
36,057
40,729
41,765
43,019
44,300
37,576
37,506
45,930
43,798
43,723
43,786
18.1
South
Carolina
.................
6,927
13,063
27,217
30,279
31,622
32,830
33,608
29,659
27,216
34,669
32,561
33,104
33,415
23.5
South
Dakota
...................
6,403
12,348
21,300
25,994
26,346
26,764
27,341
27,416
25,726
27,132
27,953
27,581
27,241
6.3
Tennessee
.......................
7,050
13,972
27,052
32,477
33,126
34,222
35,340
30,186
29,110
34,459
34,924
34,679
34,832
21.4
Texas
...............................
7,255
14,132
27,496
31,223
32,000
33,038
33,648
31,064
29,443
35,025
33,576
33,500
33,627
14.3
Utah
.................................
7,644
14,909
23,686
29,082
30,588
31,867
32,950
32,729
31,062
30,171
31,273
32,022
32,435
6.1
Vermont
...........................
7,968
12,484
29,012
35,406
36,295
36,053
36,299
34,117
26,009
36,956
38,074
37,996
36,696
39.6
Virginia
.............................
8,070
14,060
30,938
33,987
34,792
35,691
36,654
34,553
29,293
39,409
36,548
36,423
36,328
25.1
Washington
......................
9,225
18,820
30,457
36,151
37,853
37,815
38,788
39,499
39,210
38,796
38,875
39,627
38,489
 
1.1
West
Virginia
...................
7,650
13,710
22,842
31,944
32,155
33,257
33,398
32,755
28,564
29,096
34,351
33,662
33,850
16.9
Wisconsin
........................
8,963
16,006
31,921
37,746
38,182
39,057
39,899
38,377
33,347
40,661
40,590
39,972
39,754
19.6
Wyoming
..........................
8,232
16,012
28,141
31,285
31,571
31,715
32,022
35,247
33,360
35,846
33,642
33,051
32,281
 
4.0
1
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Price
index
does
not
account
for
different
rates
of
change
in
the
cost
of
living
among
states.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics;
and
unpublished
data.
(
Latest
edition
1997
 
98.
Copyright
Ó
 
1998
by
the
National
Education
Association.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
87
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
80.
 
Minimum
and
average
teacher
salaries,
by
state:
1990
 
91,
1995
 
96,
and
1996
 
97
State
1990
 
91
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
Percent
change,
1990
 
91
to
1996
 
97
(
constant
dollars)
1
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
Average
salary
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
(
in
1996
 
97
dollars)
1
Average
salary
(
in
1996
 
97
dollars)
1
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
Average
salary
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
(
in
1996
 
97
dollars)
1
Average
salary
(
in
1996
 
97
dollars)
1
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
Average
salary
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
as
a
percent
of
average
salary
Minimum
(
beginning)
salary
Average
salary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
................
$
21,542
$
32,880
$
25,561
$
39,014
$
24,507
$
37,594
$
25,205
$
38,665
$
25,012
$
38,436
65.1
 
2.1
 
1.5
Alabama
..............................
22,114
26,846
26,239
31,854
24,824
31,323
25,531
32,215
26,717
32,470
82.3
1.8
1.9
Alaska
.................................
2
29,950
43,406
2
35,537
51,504
2
34,800
49,148
35,791
50,548
32,502
49,140
66.1
 
8.5
 
4.6
Arizona
................................
2
21,375
30,773
2
25,363
36,514
2
24,042
32,843
24,727
33,778
24,286
33,208
73.1
 
4.2
 
9.1
Arkansas
.............................
3
17,458
4
23,735
3
20,715
4
28,163
2
21,189
4
29,964
21,792
30,817
2
20,680
30,987
66.7
 
0.2
10.0
California
.............................
2
24,570
2
39,118
2
29,154
2
46,416
2
25,762
2
42,259
26,496
43,462
26,684
42,992
62.1
 
8.5
 
7.4
Colorado
.............................
19,786
31,819
23,477
37,755
21,472
35,364
22,084
36,371
23,068
36,271
63.6
 
1.7
 
3.9
Connecticut
.........................
25,312
43,398
30,034
51,494
28,840
50,938
29,661
52,389
29,154
51,181
57.0
 
2.9
 
0.6
Delaware
.............................
21,112
35,246
25,051
41,821
24,300
40,533
24,992
41,687
24,349
41,436
58.8
 
2.8
 
0.9
District
of
Columbia
............
23,327
2
39,362
27,679
2
46,705
25,937
42,424
26,676
43,632
2
25,937
2
42,424
61.1
 
6.3
 
9.2
Florida
.................................
21,368
30,555
25,354
36,255
23,508
33,330
24,177
34,279
24,736
33,885
73.0
 
2.4
 
6.5
Georgia
...............................
20,471
4
28,950
24,290
4
34,351
24,693
5
33,869
25,396
34,834
2
25,434
35,679
71.3
4.7
3.9
Hawaii
.................................
23,792
33,548
28,231
39,807
25,436
37,044
26,160
38,099
6
25,965
6
38,105
68.1
 
8.0
 
4.3
Idaho
...................................
15,685
25,510
18,611
30,269
19,667
30,891
20,227
31,771
19,715
31,818
62.0
5.9
5.1
Illinois
..................................
4
21,954
4
34,642
4
26,050
4
41,105
7
26,753
7
40,890
27,515
42,055
6
27,210
6
42,339
64.3
4.5
3.0
Indiana
................................
4
20,247
4
32,931
4
24,024
4
39,074
4
24,216
4
37,675
24,906
38,748
24,172
38,722
62.4
0.6
 
0.9
Iowa
....................................
19,404
27,949
23,024
33,163
21,338
32,372
21,946
33,294
21,884
33,272
65.8
 
5.0
0.3
Kansas
................................
8
18,954
8
28,188
8
22,490
8
33,447
8
21,607
8
32,429
22,222
33,353
8
21,909
8
33,150
66.1
 
2.6
 
0.9
Kentucky
.............................
19,311
29,115
22,914
34,547
2
22,457
32,935
23,097
33,873
2
23,018
4
33,802
68.1
0.5
 
2.2
Louisiana
............................
17,486
26,170
20,748
31,052
19,406
2
26,800
19,959
27,563
21,087
28,347
74.4
1.6
 
8.7
Maine
..................................
18,878
28,531
22,400
33,854
20,725
32,869
21,315
33,805
21,108
33,676
62.7
 
5.8
 
0.5
Maryland
.............................
23,548
4
38,312
27,941
4
45,459
7
26,846
41,186
27,611
42,359
26,548
41,257
64.3
 
5.0
 
9.2
Massachusetts
....................
2
21,800
36,090
2
25,867
42,823
2
25,815
43,025
26,550
44,250
2
26,445
2
44,101
60.0
2.2
3.0
Michigan
.............................
2
22,400
2
37,800
2
26,579
2
44,852
2
25,635
2
46,832
26,365
48,166
2
26,404
2
47,769
55.3
 
0.7
6.5
Minnesota
...........................
4
21,029
33,128
4
24,952
39,308
23,998
37,161
24,681
38,219
2
25,600
38,276
66.9
2.6
 
2.6
Mississippi
..........................
2
18,950
2
24,609
2
22,485
2
29,200
20,150
27,692
20,724
28,481
20,264
27,662
73.3
 
9.9
 
5.3
Missouri
..............................
2
20,293
2
27,636
2
24,079
2
32,792
21,996
32,323
22,622
33,244
23,205
33,143
70.0
 
3.6
1.1
Montana
..............................
2
18,400
26,696
2
21,833
31,676
2
19,992
29,364
20,561
30,200
2
20,592
29,958
68.7
 
5.7
 
5.4
Nebraska
............................
18,344
26,592
21,766
31,553
21,299
31,496
21,906
32,393
21,189
31,768
66.7
 
2.7
0.7
Nevada
...............................
6
24,358
6
35,269
6
28,902
6
41,849
25,576
6
39,535
26,304
40,661
6
28,538
6
40,817
69.9
 
1.3
 
2.5
New
Hampshire
..................
2
20,635
31,273
2
24,485
37,107
2
23,510
35,792
24,180
36,811
2
23,690
36,029
65.8
 
3.2
 
2.9
New
Jersey
.........................
24,500
38,411
29,071
45,577
2
31,435
48,751
32,330
50,139
28,039
49,786
56.3
 
3.5
9.2
New
Mexico
........................
19,124
4
25,800
22,692
4
30,613
22,634
29,285
23,279
30,119
22,840
29,715
76.9
0.7
 
2.9
New
York
............................
9
26,375
9
42,080
9
31,295
9
49,930
28,749
48,115
29,568
49,485
9
28,749
9
48,000
59.9
 
8.1
 
3.9
North
Carolina
....................
19,810
29,165
23,506
34,606
3,9
20,620
4
30,411
21,207
31,277
2
21,136
31,167
67.8
 
10.1
 
9.9
North
Dakota
......................
16,274
23,574
19,310
27,972
18,225
26,966
18,744
27,734
18,889
27,709
68.2
 
2.2
 
0.9
Ohio
....................................
18,452
31,964
21,894
37,927
4
20,355
4
38,087
20,935
39,172
22,146
38,944
56.9
1.1
2.7
Oklahoma
...........................
8
18,575
8
24,378
8
22,040
8
28,926
24,187
8
29,177
24,876
30,008
23,847
30,187
79.0
8.2
4.4
Oregon
................................
6
20,357
6
32,295
6
24,155
6
38,320
6
24,592
6
39,706
25,292
40,837
6
25,373
6
41,093
61.7
5.0
7.2
Pennsylvania
......................
2
23,250
4
36,057
2
27,587
4
42,784
29,514
46,087
30,355
47,400
29,426
47,147
62.4
6.7
10.2
Rhode
Island
......................
20,887
2
38,220
24,784
2
45,350
24,754
41,829
25,459
43,020
2
25,497
2
43,084
59.2
2.9
 
5.0
South
Carolina
....................
4
19,757
4
28,174
4
23,443
4
33,430
21,791
4
31,622
22,412
32,523
22,681
32,659
69.4
 
3.2
 
2.3
South
Dakota
......................
16,676
22,363
19,787
26,535
19,609
26,346
20,167
27,096
19,820
27,072
73.2
0.2
2.0
Tennessee
..........................
20,150
28,248
23,909
33,518
21,537
4
33,126
22,150
34,069
21,705
34,267
63.3
 
9.2
2.2
Texas
..................................
2
20,150
2
28,100
2
23,909
2
33,342
22,642
10
31,400
23,287
32,294
24,079
32,426
74.3
0.7
 
2.7
Utah
....................................
17,234
4
25,415
20,449
4
30,156
20,544
30,587
21,129
31,458
21,475
4
31,310
68.6
5.0
3.8
Vermont
..............................
2
18,509
2
29,714
2
21,962
2
35,257
2
24,445
2
35,526
25,141
36,538
2
24,934
36,053
69.2
13.5
2.3
Virginia
................................
4
22,206
4
32,692
4
26,349
4
38,791
2
25,500
34,792
26,226
35,783
24,774
36,116
68.6
 
6.0
 
6.9
Washington
.........................
4
20,612
4
32,975
4
24,457
4
39,127
4
24,590
4
37,853
25,290
38,931
4
23,933
4
37,860
63.2
 
2.1
 
3.2
West
Virginia
......................
18,728
25,966
22,222
30,810
22,011
32,155
22,638
33,071
22,278
33,258
67.0
0.3
7.9
Wisconsin
...........................
20,689
33,077
24,549
39,248
24,560
2
36,964
25,259
38,017
24,830
37,878
65.6
1.1
 
3.5
Wyoming
.............................
19,238
28,996
22,827
34,405
2
21,900
31,571
22,524
32,470
2
22,010
6
31,716
69.4
 
3.6
 
7.8
1
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Price
index
does
not
account
for
different
rates
of
change
in
the
cost
of
living
among
states.
2
Estimated
by
the
American
Federation
of
Teachers.
See
NOTE.
3
Excludes
state­
paid
health
insurance.
4
Preliminary
or
state
estimate.
5
Reflects
the
redefinition
of
classroom
teacher.
6
Includes
employer
pick­
up
of
employee
pension
contribution.
7
Preliminary
or
state
estimate.
Includes
pay
for
extra
duties.
8
Estimated
to
exclude
fringe
benefits.
9
Median
salary.
10
Including
incentive
pay
or
career
ladder
stipends
and
revision
of
classroom
teacher
definition.

NOTE.
 
Data
in
this
table
reflect
results
of
surveys
conducted
by
the
American
Federation
of
Teachers.
Because
of
differing
survey
and
estimation
methods,
these
data
are
not
entirely
comparable
with
figures
appearing
in
other
tables.
Some
data
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
American
Federation
of
Teachers,
Survey
and
Analysis
of
Salary
Trends,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
88
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
81.
 
Average
annual
salary
of
instructional
staff
1
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1939
 
40
to
1997
 
98
State
or
other
area
Current
dollars
Constant
1997
 
98
dollars
2
1939
 
40
1949
 
50
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1997
 
98
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
United
States
..............
$
1,441
$
3,010
$
5,174
$
9,047
$
16,715
$
32,638
3
$
39,465
3
$
40,562
3
$
41,598
$
38,737
$
34,824
$
41,575
$
41,315
$
41,285
Alabama
...........................
744
2,111
4,002
6,954
13,338
26,200
32,459
33,744
34,040
29,775
27,789
33,374
33,980
34,346
Alaska
..............................
 
 
6,859
10,993
27,697
3
43,161
3
50,059
3
52,033
3
53,154
47,069
57,704
54,979
52,405
52,961
Arizona
.............................
1,544
3,556
5,590
8,975
16,180
33,592
3
43,542
3
44,157
3
44,819
38,428
33,710
42,790
45,583
44,945
Arkansas
..........................
584
1,801
3,295
6,461
12,704
23,296
30,025
3
30,976
31,852
27,664
26,468
29,675
31,432
31,528
California
..........................
2,351
 
3
6,600
10,950
18,626
3
39,309
3
44,027
3
45,349
3
45,610
46,885
38,806
50,072
46,091
46,158
Colorado
..........................
1,393
2,821
4,997
8,105
16,840
31,832
36,353
37,473
3
38,280
34,703
35,085
40,548
38,057
38,141
Connecticut
......................
1,861
3,558
6,008
9,597
16,989
41,888
51,951
52,067
52,480
41,092
35,395
53,357
54,386
52,996
Delaware
..........................
1,684
3,273
3
5,800
9,387
16,845
34,620
42,177
43,085
44,169
40,193
35,095
44,099
44,154
43,853
District
of
Columbia
.........
2,350
3,920
6,280
10,700
23,027
43,637
39,663
3
40,854
3
42,068
45,814
47,975
55,585
41,522
41,583
Florida
..............................
1,012
2,958
5,080
8,785
14,875
30,275
34,411
34,980
35,594
37,615
30,991
38,565
36,024
35,604
Georgia
............................
770
1,963
4
3,904
7,520
14,547
29,541
35,786
37,344
39,210
32,199
30,307
37,630
37,463
38,010
Hawaii
..............................
 
 
5,390
9,600
20,436
32,956
37,057
36,986
39,751
41,105
42,577
41,980
38,794
37,646
Idaho
................................
1,057
2,481
4,216
7,081
14,110
24,758
32,285
33,277
3
34,277
30,319
29,397
31,537
33,798
33,870
Illinois
...............................
1,700
3,458
5
5,814
9,789
18,271
33,912
42,411
43,686
45,499
41,914
38,066
43,197
44,399
44,465
Indiana
.............................
1,433
3,401
5,542
9,239
16,256
31,905
38,832
40,062
3
40,905
39,559
33,868
40,641
40,652
40,776
Iowa
.................................
1,017
2,420
3
4,030
8,779
15,776
27,619
33,529
34,477
35,277
37,589
32,868
35,181
35,101
35,092
Kansas
.............................
1,014
2,628
3
4,450
7,811
14,513
30,154
37,626
38,379
39,219
33,445
30,237
38,410
39,390
39,063
Kentucky
..........................
826
1,936
3,327
7,325
15,350
27,482
33,115
33,797
3
34,525
31,364
31,980
35,007
34,667
34,400
Louisiana
.........................
1,006
2,983
4,978
7,264
14,020
25,036
29,005
30,499
3
30,346
31,102
29,210
31,891
30,365
31,043
Maine
...............................
894
2,115
3,694
8,059
13,743
27,831
33,994
34,796
35,484
34,506
28,632
35,451
35,587
35,417
Maryland
..........................
1,642
3,594
5,557
9,885
18,308
37,520
42,958
42,988
43,618
42,325
38,143
47,793
44,972
43,755
Massachusetts
.................
2,037
3,338
6
5,545
9,347
18,900
40,175
52,663
3
54,244
3
55,630
40,021
39,377
51,175
55,132
55,211
Michigan
..........................
1,576
3,420
5,654
10,125
20,682
3
37,286
46,832
3
52,288
3
58,228
43,352
43,089
47,495
49,027
53,221
Minnesota
........................
1,276
3,013
5,275
9,250
16,654
33,340
3
37,680
39,470
3
40,320
39,606
34,697
42,469
39,446
40,174
Mississippi
.......................
559
1,416
3,314
5,959
12,274
25,079
28,712
28,648
29,857
25,515
25,572
31,946
30,058
29,159
Missouri
...........................
1,159
2,581
4,536
8,064
14,543
28,166
33,878
34,788
35,657
34,528
30,299
35,878
35,466
35,408
Montana
...........................
1,184
2,962
3
4,425
7,875
15,080
29,526
30,908
3
31,836
32,536
33,719
31,418
37,611
32,357
32,404
Nebraska
.........................
829
2,292
3,876
7,633
14,236
27,024
34,023
35,045
35,800
32,682
29,660
34,423
35,618
35,670
Nevada
............................
1,557
3,209
5,693
9,615
17,290
31,970
37,879
39,179
39,002
41,169
36,022
40,724
39,655
39,878
New
Hampshire
...............
1,258
2,712
4,455
8,016
13,508
3
29,798
42,188
3
43,455
3
44,234
34,322
28,143
37,957
44,166
44,230
New
Jersey
......................
2,093
3,511
5,871
9,650
18,851
37,485
51,296
52,411
53,196
41,319
39,275
47,749
53,700
53,346
New
Mexico
.....................
1,144
3,215
5,382
10,021
15,406
25,790
29,389
30,914
31,580
42,907
32,097
32,852
30,767
31,465
New
York
.........................
2,604
3,706
6,537
11,240
20,400
40,000
48,754
48,600
3
49,647
48,127
42,502
50,952
51,039
49,467
North
Carolina
.................
946
2,688
4,178
7,762
14,445
28,952
31,622
32,383
34,584
33,235
30,095
36,879
33,104
32,961
North
Dakota
...................
745
2,324
3,695
6,840
13,684
23,788
27,153
27,905
28,438
29,287
28,509
30,301
28,426
28,403
Ohio
.................................
1,587
3,088
5,124
8,594
16,100
32,467
39,038
39,938
40,345
36,797
33,543
41,357
40,868
40,650
Oklahoma
........................
1,014
2,736
4,659
7,257
13,500
23,944
30,584
31,894
32,164
31,072
28,126
30,500
32,018
32,463
Oregon
.............................
1,333
3,323
5,535
9,200
16,996
32,100
40,980
42,420
3
43,652
39,392
35,410
40,889
42,901
43,177
Pennsylvania
...................
1,640
3,006
5,308
8,899
17,060
34,110
47,087
48,178
48,701
38,103
35,543
43,450
49,294
49,037
Rhode
Island
...................
1,809
3,294
7
5,499
9,030
18,425
36,704
3
42,498
3
44,188
45,504
38,664
38,387
46,754
44,490
44,976
South
Carolina
.................
743
1,891
3,450
7,069
13,670
28,453
33,155
34,421
35,238
30,267
28,480
36,244
34,709
35,035
South
Dakota
...................
807
2,064
3,725
7,200
13,010
22,120
27,354
27,767
3
28,365
30,828
27,105
28,177
28,636
28,262
Tennessee
.......................
862
2,302
3,929
7,187
14,193
27,949
34,412
35,555
36,700
30,773
29,570
35,602
36,025
36,189
Texas
...............................
1,079
3,122
4,708
7,598
14,729
28,549
33,861
34,937
36,158
32,533
30,687
36,366
35,448
35,560
Utah
.................................
1,394
3,103
5,096
8,049
17,403
24,591
31,780
32,492
3
34,247
34,464
36,258
31,324
33,270
33,071
Vermont
...........................
981
2,348
4,466
8,225
13,300
29,012
37,054
36,053
36,299
35,217
27,709
36,956
38,791
36,696
Virginia
.............................
899
2,328
4,312
8,364
14,655
31,656
35,660
36,602
37,458
35,812
30,532
40,324
37,332
37,255
Washington
......................
1,706
3,487
7
5,643
9,792
19,735
31,828
39,594
39,594
40,624
41,927
41,116
40,543
41,450
40,300
West
Virginia
...................
1,170
2,425
3,952
7,954
14,395
23,842
33,296
34,345
34,564
34,057
29,991
30,370
34,857
34,958
Wisconsin
........................
1,379
3,007
8
4,870
9,150
16,335
32,445
39,212
41,848
3
42,750
39,178
34,033
41,329
41,050
42,594
Wyoming
..........................
1,169
2,798
4,937
8,496
16,830
29,047
32,493
32,620
32,979
36,377
35,064
37,000
34,016
33,202
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
 
 
852
5,130
 
 
 
 
 
21,965
 
 
 
 
Guam
...............................
 
 
4,107
7,800
 
 
 
 
 
33,397
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
......................
 
 
9
2,360
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
...................
 
 
3,407
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Includes
supervisors,
principals,
classroom
teachers,
and
other
instructional
staff.
2
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
Price
index
does
not
account
for
different
rates
of
change
in
the
cost
of
living
among
states.
3
Estimated
by
National
Education
Association.
4
Excludes
kindergarten
teachers.
5
Includes
administrators.
6
Includes
clerical
assistants
to
instructional
personnel.
7
Includes
attendance
personnel.
8
Excludes
vocational
schools
not
operated
as
part
of
the
regular
public
school
system.
9
Median
salary.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics;
(
Latest
edition
1997
 
98.
Copyright
Ó
 
1998
by
the
National
Education
Association
All
rights
reserved.)
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
89
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
TEACHERS
Table
82.
 
Estimated
average
annual
salary
of
instructional
staff
1
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
and
average
annual
earnings
of
full­
time
employees
in
all
industries:
1929
 
30
to
1997
 
98
School
year
Current
dollars
Constant
1997
 
98
dollars
2
Average
salary
of
instructional
staff
Earnings
per
full­
time
employee
working
for
wages
or
salary
3
Average
salary
of
instructional
staff
Earnings
per
full­
time
employee
working
for
wages
or
salary
3
Ratio
of
instructional
staff
salary
to
earnings
per
fulltime
employee
1
2
3
4
5
6
1929
 
30
........................................................
$
1,420
$
1,386
$
13,418
$
13,097
1.02
1931
 
32
........................................................
1,417
1,198
15,897
13,440
1.18
1933
 
34
........................................................
1,227
1,070
14,987
13,069
1.15
1935
 
36
........................................................
1,283
1,160
15,101
13,653
1.11
1937
 
38
........................................................
1,374
1,224
15,514
13,820
1.12
1939
 
40
........................................................
1,441
1,282
16,678
14,837
1.12
1941
 
42
........................................................
1,507
1,576
15,633
16,348
0.96
1943
 
44
........................................................
1,728
2,030
16,040
18,843
0.85
1945
 
46
........................................................
1,995
2,272
17,689
20,145
0.88
1947
 
48
........................................................
2,639
2,692
18,319
18,687
0.98
1949
 
50
........................................................
3,010
2,930
20,557
20,010
1.03
1951
 
52
........................................................
3,450
3,322
21,231
20,443
1.04
1953
 
54
........................................................
3,825
3,628
23,005
21,821
1.05
1955
 
56
........................................................
4,156
3,924
25,005
23,609
1.06
1957
 
58
........................................................
4,702
4,276
26,630
24,218
1.10
1959
 
60
........................................................
5,174
4,632
28,481
25,497
1.12
1961
 
62
........................................................
5,700
4,928
30,672
26,518
1.16
1963
 
64
........................................................
6,240
5,373
32,724
28,177
1.16
1965
 
66
........................................................
6,935
5,838
35,154
29,593
1.19
1967
 
68
........................................................
7,630
6,444
36,288
30,648
1.18
1969
 
70
........................................................
9,047
7,334
38,737
31,402
1.23
1970
 
71
........................................................
9,698
7,815
39,486
31,819
1.24
1971
 
72
........................................................
10,213
8,334
40,143
32,757
1.23
1972
 
73
........................................................
10,634
8,858
40,179
33,468
1.20
1973
 
74
........................................................
11,254
9,647
39,040
33,465
1.17
1974
 
75
........................................................
12,167
10,420
37,997
32,541
1.17
1975
 
76
........................................................
13,124
11,218
38,276
32,717
1.17
1976
 
77
........................................................
13,840
11,991
38,140
33,045
1.15
1977
 
78
........................................................
14,698
12,829
37,956
33,128
1.15
1978
 
79
........................................................
15,764
13,851
37,222
32,705
1.14
1979
 
80
........................................................
16,715
15,095
34,824
31,448
1.11
1980
 
81
........................................................
18,404
16,495
34,363
30,799
1.12
1981
 
82
........................................................
20,327
17,818
34,936
30,624
1.14
1982
 
83
........................................................
21,641
18,883
35,662
31,117
1.15
1983
 
84
........................................................
23,005
19,749
36,557
31,383
1.16
1984
 
85
........................................................
24,666
20,626
37,720
31,542
1.20
1985
 
86
........................................................
26,362
21,518
39,184
31,983
1.23
1986
 
87
........................................................
27,706
22,432
40,287
32,618
1.24
1987
 
88
........................................................
29,219
23,467
40,796
32,765
1.25
1988
 
89
........................................................
30,850
24,502
41,172
32,700
1.26
1989
 
90
........................................................
32,638
25,555
41,575
32,553
1.28
1990
 
91
........................................................
34,401
26,668
41,549
32,209
1.29
1991
 
92
........................................................
35,556
27,829
41,610
32,568
1.28
1992
 
93
........................................................
36,460
29,060
41,376
32,978
1.25
1993
 
94
........................................................
37,446
29,781
41,422
32,943
1.26
1994
 
95
........................................................
38,331
30,573
41,219
32,876
1.25
1995
 
96
........................................................
39,465
31,579
41,315
33,059
1.25
1996
 
97
........................................................
40,562
32,850
41,285
33,436
1.23
1997
 
98
........................................................
41,598
 
41,598
 
 
1
Includes
supervisors,
principals,
classroom
teachers,
and
other
instructional
staff.
2
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor.
3
Calendar­
year
data
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
have
been
converted
to
a
school­
year
basis
by
averaging
the
two
appropriate
calendar
years
in
each
case.
Beginning
in
1992
 
93,
data
are
wage
and
salary
accruals
per
full­
time­
equivalent
employee
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems,
and
unpublished
data;
National
Education
Association,
Estimates
of
School
Statistics,
1997
 
98,
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1998
by
the
National
Education
Association.
All
rights
reserved.),
unpublished
data;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Survey
of
Current
Business,
July
and
August
issues.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
90
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
STAFF
Table
83.
 
Staff
employed
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
systems,
by
functional
area:
1949
 
50
to
fall
1996
[
In
full­
time
equivalents]

School
year
Total
School
district
administrative
staff
Instructional
staff
Support
staff
Total
Intermediate
district
staff
School
district
superintendents
Officials
and
administrators
Instruction
coordinators
Total
Principals
and
assistant
principals
Teachers
Instructional
aides
Librarians
Guidance
counselors
Psychological
personnel
Other
instructional
staff
Total
Secretarial
and
clerical
personnel
Transportation
staff
Food
service
Plant
operation
and
maintenance
Health
Recreational
and
other
staff
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1949
 
50
...................
1,300,031
33,642
5,843
18,025
(
1)
9,774
963,110
43,137
913,671
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
6,302
303,280
31,824
81,626
68,814
105,874
9,412
5,730
1959
 
60
...................
2,089,283
42,423
9,901
13,361
5,386
13,775
1,457,329
63,554
1,353,372
(
2)
17,363
14,643
2,121
6,277
589,531
75,930
113,111
161,925
192,655
16,104
29,807
1969
 
70
...................
3,360,763
65,282
7,113
13,014
13,618
31,537
2,285,568
90,593
2,016,244
57,418
42,689
48,763
6,168
23,693
1,009,913
164,476
175,351
270,338
273,395
26,562
99,791
Fall
1980
..................
4,168,286
78,784
 
13,269
44,961
20,554
2,859,573
107,061
2,184,216
325,755
48,018
63,973
14,033
116,517
1,229,929
223,647
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
1,006,282
Fall
1985
..................
4,159,624
3
67,404
 
 
 
 
3
2,756,232
129,297
2,205,987
306,860
47,442
66,646
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,335,988
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1987
..................
4,311,941
3
74,191
 
 
 
 
3
2,859,626
125,927
2,279,241
335,991
48,185
70,282
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,378,124
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1988
..................
4,319,356
3
69,334
 
 
 
 
3
2,930,547
126,609
2,323,213
356,682
48,980
75,063
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,319,475
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1989
..................
4,431,033
3
70,302
 
 
 
 
3
2,985,851
125,594
2,356,702
374,172
49,769
79,614
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,374,880
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1990
..................
4,494,076
3
75,868
 
 
 
 
3
3,051,404
127,417
2,398,169
395,959
49,909
79,950
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,366,804
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1991
..................
4,559,359
3
76,084
 
 
 
 
3
3,103,939
129,304
2,432,243
410,538
49,917
81,937
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,379,336
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1992
..................
4,708,286
6
78,414
(
7)
(
7)
45,712
32,702
3
3,139,544
121,936
2,458,956
427,279
50,324
81,049
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,490,328
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1993
..................
4,808,080
6
80,862
(
7)
(
7)
47,614
33,248
3
3,209,381
121,486
2,503,901
450,519
50,511
82,964
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,517,837
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1994
..................
4,904,757
6
81,867
(
7)
(
7)
48,827
33,040
3
3,280,752
120,017
2,551,875
473,348
50,668
84,844
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,542,138
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1995
..................
4,994,358
6
82,998
(
7)
(
7)
49,315
33,683
3
3,351,528
120,629
2,598,220
494,289
50,862
87,528
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,559,832
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1996
..................
5,117,616
6
82,213
(
7)
(
7)
47,788
34,425
3
3,448,304
123,163
2,666,034
518,649
51,517
88,941
(
5)
(
5)
3
1,587,099
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Percentage
distribution
1949
 
50
...................
100.0
2.6
0.4
1.4
(
1)
0.8
74.1
3.3
70.3
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
0.5
23.3
2.4
6.3
5.3
8.1
0.7
0.4
1959
 
60
...................
100.0
2.0
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.7
69.8
3.0
64.8
(
2)
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.3
28.2
3.6
5.4
7.8
9.2
0.8
1.4
1969
 
70
...................
100.0
1.9
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.9
68.0
2.7
60.0
1.7
1.3
1.5
0.2
0.7
30.1
4.9
5.2
8.0
8.1
0.8
3.0
Fall
1980
..................
100.0
1.9
 
0.3
1.1
0.5
68.6
2.6
52.4
7.8
1.2
1.5
0.3
2.8
29.5
5.4
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
24.1
Fall
1985
..................
100.0
3
1.6
 
 
 
 
3
66.3
3.1
53.0
7.4
1.1
1.6
(
5)
(
5)
3
32.1
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1987
..................
100.0
3
1.7
 
 
 
 
3
66.3
2.9
52.9
7.8
1.1
1.6
(
5)
(
5)
3
32.0
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1988
..................
100.0
3
1.6
 
 
 
 
3
67.8
2.9
53.8
8.3
1.1
1.7
(
5)
(
5)
3
30.5
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1989
..................
100.0
3
1.6
 
 
 
 
3
67.4
2.8
53.2
8.4
1.1
1.8
(
5)
(
5)
3
31.0
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1990
..................
100.0
3
1.7
 
 
 
 
3
67.9
2.8
53.4
8.8
1.1
1.8
(
5)
(
5)
3
30.4
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1991
..................
100.0
3
1.7
 
 
 
 
3
68.1
2.8
53.3
9.0
1.1
1.8
(
5)
(
5)
3
30.3
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1992
..................
100.0
6
1.7
(
7)
(
7)
1.0
0.7
3
66.7
2.6
52.2
9.1
1.1
1.7
(
5)
(
5)
3
31.7
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1993
..................
100.0
6
1.7
(
7)
(
7)
1.0
0.7
3
66.7
2.5
52.1
9.4
1.1
1.7
(
5)
(
5)
3
31.6
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1994
..................
100.0
6
1.7
(
7)
(
7)
1.0
0.7
3
66.9
2.4
52.0
9.7
1.0
1.7
(
5)
(
5)
3
31.4
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1995
..................
100.0
6
1.7
(
7)
(
7)
1.0
0.7
3
67.1
2.4
52.0
9.9
1.0
1.8
(
5)
(
5)
3
31.2
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1996
..................
100.0
6
1.6
(
7)
(
7)
0.9
0.7
3
67.4
2.4
52.1
10.1
1.0
1.7
(
5)
(
5)
3
31.0
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Pupils
per
staff
member
1949
 
50
...................
19.3
746.4
4,297.7
1,393.1
 
2,569.2
26.1
582.1
27.5
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
3,984.7
82.8
789.1
307.6
364.9
237.2
2,668.0
4,382.4
1959
 
60
...................
16.8
829.3
3,553.4
2,633.2
6,532.2
2,554.1
24.1
553.6
26.0
(
2)
2,026.3
2,402.7
16,589.1
5,605.1
59.7
463.4
311.0
217.3
182.6
2,184.7
1,180.3
1969
 
70
...................
13.6
697.7
6,403.8
3,500.1
3,344.9
1,444.3
19.9
502.8
22.6
793.3
1,067.0
934.1
7,384.9
1,922.5
45.1
276.9
259.8
168.5
166.6
1,714.9
456.5
Fall
1980
..................
9.8
518.9
 
3,080.7
909.2
1,988.8
14.3
381.8
18.7
125.5
851.3
639.0
2,913.0
350.8
33.2
182.8
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
40.6
Fall
1985
..................
9.5
3
584.9
 
 
 
 
3
14.3
304.9
17.9
128.5
831.0
591.5
(
5)
(
5)
3
29.5
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1987
..................
9.3
3
539.3
 
 
 
 
3
14.0
317.7
17.6
119.1
830.3
569.3
(
5)
(
5)
3
29.0
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1988
..................
9.3
3
579.6
 
 
 
 
3
13.7
317.4
17.3
112.7
820.5
535.4
(
5)
(
5)
3
30.5
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1989
..................
9.1
3
576.7
 
 
 
 
3
13.6
322.8
17.2
108.4
814.6
509.2
(
5)
(
5)
3
29.5
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1990
..................
9.2
3
543.3
 
 
 
 
3
13.5
323.5
17.2
104.1
825.8
515.5
(
5)
(
5)
3
30.2
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1991
..................
9.2
3
552.6
 
 
 
 
3
13.5
325.2
17.3
102.4
842.3
513.2
(
5)
(
5)
3
30.5
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1992
..................
9.1
6
546.1
(
7)
(
7)
936.8
1,309.5
3
13.6
351.2
17.4
100.2
851.0
528.4
(
5)
(
5)
3
28.7
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1993
..................
9.0
6
537.5
(
7)
(
7)
912.9
1,307.3
3
13.5
357.8
17.4
96.5
860.5
523.9
(
5)
(
5)
3
28.6
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1994
..................
9.0
6
538.8
(
7)
(
7)
903.4
1,335.1
3
13.4
367.5
17.3
93.2
870.6
519.9
(
5)
(
5)
3
28.7
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1995
..................
9.0
6
540.3
(
7)
(
7)
909.3
1,331.2
3
13.4
371.7
17.3
90.7
881.6
512.3
(
5)
(
5)
3
28.7
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

Fall
1996
..................
8.9
6
554.6
(
7)
(
7)
954.1
1,324.4
3
13.2
370.2
17.1
87.9
885.0
512.6
(
5)
(
5)
3
28.7
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)

1
Data
included
in
column
5.

2
Data
included
in
column
10.

3
Data
not
comparable
with
figures
for
years
prior
to
1985.

4
Data
included
in
column
22.

5
Data
included
in
column
16.

6
Because
of
classification
revisions,
data
are
not
directly
comparable
with
figures
for
prior
years.

7
Data
included
in
column
6.

 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
variations
in
data
collection
instruments,
some
categories
are
only
roughly
comparable
over
time.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems,

Common
Core
of
Data
surveys,
and
unpublished
estimates.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
91
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
STAFF
Table
84.
 
Staff
employed
in
public
school
systems,
by
type
of
assignment
and
state:
Fall
1996
[
In
full­
time
equivalents]

State
or
other
area
Total
School
district
staff
School
staff
Student
support
staff
Other
support
services
staff
Officials
and
administrators
Administrative
support
staff
Instruction
coordinators
Principals
and
assistant
principals
School
and
library
support
staff
Teachers
Instructional
aides
Guidance
counselors
Librarians
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
1
....................
5,117,616
47,788
160,562
34,425
123,163
238,898
2,666,034
518,649
88,941
51,517
145,054
1,042,585
Alabama
2
................................
84,914
441
1,039
968
2,243
2,873
45,040
7,146
1,688
1,259
486
21,731
Alaska
3
....................................
14,791
303
575
112
442
943
7,418
1,649
231
144
831
2,143
Arizona
.....................................
79,429
411
725
180
1,770
6,098
40,521
10,157
1,046
787
7,416
10,318
Arkansas
2
................................
51,004
566
738
170
1,482
1,821
26,680
3,837
1,213
953
414
13,130
California
2
...............................
468,246
2,259
20,176
4,964
10,588
29,582
248,857
57,896
5,208
898
10,203
77,615
Colorado
..................................
71,226
926
2,308
897
1,899
5,141
36,398
6,532
1,121
715
1,686
13,603
Connecticut
..............................
68,861
1,076
1,587
436
1,825
3,364
36,551
7,506
1,123
701
3,267
11,425
Delaware
..................................
12,203
93
402
54
414
478
6,642
898
221
123
491
2,387
District
of
Columbia
.................
9,318
391
263
81
300
371
5,288
499
225
139
56
1,705
Florida
......................................
248,773
1,653
13,154
639
5,993
12,112
120,471
26,814
4,855
2,556
7,647
52,879
Georgia
4,5
................................
148,294
585
4,272
1,306
3,864
7,133
79,091
16,386
2,472
1,984
2,237
28,964
Hawaii
......................................
16,867
136
245
447
489
707
10,576
916
544
289
476
2,042
Idaho
........................................
22,611
114
453
217
676
907
13,078
2,153
558
190
395
3,870
Illinois
4,5
..................................
221,285
3,395
6,258
1,666
5,234
10,451
116,274
24,006
2,838
1,934
6,796
42,433
Indiana
.....................................
119,800
930
571
1,316
2,818
7,942
56,708
16,070
1,735
1,036
1,730
28,944
Iowa
.........................................
63,003
809
751
389
1,770
4,513
32,593
6,421
1,332
749
2,186
11,490
Kansas
.....................................
58,040
471
1,786
74
1,674
2,550
30,875
5,003
1,097
964
2,345
11,201
Kentucky
3,6
..............................
75,073
863
2,081
564
1,903
3,475
39,331
7,982
1,272
1,129
2,363
14,110
Louisiana
.................................
94,113
284
667
1,017
2,442
2,937
47,334
10,002
2,703
1,184
2,336
23,207
Maine
.......................................
29,988
449
751
116
880
1,356
15,551
4,028
593
243
1,097
4,924
Maryland
..................................
85,522
764
718
657
2,843
3,814
47,943
6,989
1,825
1,081
1,393
17,495
Massachusetts
.........................
116,749
1,003
6,271
1,157
2,155
2,942
64,574
13,868
2,125
679
1,873
20,102
Michigan
..................................
194,954
1,919
4,371
628
5,481
7,721
88,051
18,556
2,943
1,545
7,537
56,202
Minnesota
................................
86,856
1,038
2,242
958
1,597
4,636
48,245
11,255
915
956
2,732
12,282
Mississippi
...............................
61,125
918
1,467
422
1,499
2,127
29,293
8,615
869
810
2,206
12,899
Missouri
...................................
112,406
1,113
3,544
672
2,721
6,085
59,436
7,752
2,410
1,426
2,918
24,329
Montana
4,5
..............................
18,862
162
522
156
497
872
10,268
2,003
411
353
77
3,541
Nebraska
.................................
38,038
592
833
249
969
1,520
20,174
3,629
757
572
994
7,749
Nevada
....................................
25,463
209
516
112
745
1,422
14,805
1,615
560
261
777
4,441
New
Hampshire
.......................
23,963
335
442
143
487
848
12,692
3,852
656
260
478
3,770
New
Jersey
7
............................
168,441
1,666
7,633
1,373
4,465
8,444
88,903
14,925
3,231
1,803
9,084
26,914
New
Mexico
.............................
40,785
428
1,907
564
871
2,539
19,971
4,723
650
259
1,115
7,758
New
York
.................................
363,586
2,762
24,413
1,285
6,851
7,206
185,104
29,467
5,467
2,982
8,879
89,170
North
Carolina
8
.......................
145,110
1,331
3,471
653
4,132
5,785
75,239
23,537
3,025
2,201
2,970
22,766
North
Dakota
...........................
14,552
442
166
62
409
503
7,892
1,572
263
193
415
2,635
Ohio
.........................................
196,969
5,277
9,573
361
1,009
12,982
108,602
10,567
3,247
1,640
1,248
42,463
Oklahoma
8
..............................
83,483
546
5,129
620
1,449
1,074
39,491
7,379
1,730
912
12,204
12,949
Oregon
.....................................
52,259
755
1,489
339
1,609
3,746
26,757
6,546
1,268
574
1,269
7,907
Pennsylvania
...........................
201,134
1,349
7,347
1,535
4,063
9,969
106,432
16,180
3,707
2,208
9,828
38,516
Rhode
Island
...........................
16,823
128
426
74
367
813
10,656
1,594
307
73
374
2,011
South
Carolina
5,9
....................
76,932
257
2,071
469
2,223
3,458
41,463
7,945
1,546
1,104
2,352
14,044
South
Dakota
...........................
18,108
259
392
142
461
792
9,625
2,450
345
194
348
3,100
Tennessee
...............................
101,434
943
2,412
817
4,759
4,706
54,790
10,570
1,525
1,411
2,615
16,886
Texas
.......................................
477,896
2,693
2,532
1,082
11,591
20,524
247,650
42,686
8,359
4,304
3,834
132,641
Utah
.........................................
37,461
108
744
487
951
2,209
19,734
5,004
594
291
462
6,877
Vermont
...................................
15,693
136
286
209
387
637
7,751
3,105
352
214
587
2,029
Virginia
2
...................................
139,174
2,193
3,343
1,315
3,492
5,780
74,523
12,056
3,202
2,034
2,879
28,357
Washington
3
............................
94,692
1,049
2,689
837
2,556
4,956
48,307
9,333
1,804
1,288
3,509
18,364
West
Virginia
...........................
38,099
289
1,886
339
1,074
323
20,888
2,943
604
353
881
8,519
Wisconsin
................................
99,871
859
2,610
1,001
2,410
4,998
54,769
10,608
1,884
1,422
4,106
15,204
Wyoming
..................................
13,337
110
315
94
334
713
6,729
1,424
285
137
652
2,544
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.....................
1,470
29
43
27
59
85
734
16
22
7
52
396
Guam
.......................................
3,263
13
260
17
52
36
1,552
438
71
27
126
671
Northern
Marianas
...................
1,056
15
101
17
27
54
441
209
28
2
84
78
Puerto
Rico
..............................
71,333
356
168
699
1,366
5,450
39,743
 
900
900
2,149
19,602
Virgin
Islands
...........................
3,185
74
152
19
83
100
1,580
321
84
44
398
330
1
Includes
imputations
for
undercounts
in
designated
states.
2
Includes
imputation
for
prekindergarten
teachers.
3
Includes
imputation
for
instruction
coordinators.
4
Includes
imputations
for
all
support
staff
except
student
support
staff.
5
Includes
imputation
for
instructional
aides.
6
Includes
imputations
for
all
support
staff
and
officials
and
administrators.
7
Data
imputed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
based
on
previous
year's
data.
8
Includes
imputations
for
library
support
staff.

9
Includes
imputations
for
all
support
staff.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
unpublished
estimates.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
92
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
STAFF
Table
85.
 
Staff
employed
in
public
school
systems,
by
type
of
assignment
and
state:
Fall
1995
[
In
full­
time
equivalents]

State
or
other
area
Total
School
district
staff
School
staff
Student
support
staff
Other
support
services
staff
Officials
and
administrators
Administrative
support
staff
Instruction
coordinators
Principals
and
assistant
principals
School
and
library
support
staff
Teachers
Instructional
aides
Guidance
counselors
Librarians
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
1
....................
4,994,358
49,315
144,842
33,683
120,629
237,389
2,598,220
494,289
87,528
50,862
142,655
1,034,946
Alabama
...................................
83,256
428
1,039
980
2,221
2,768
44,056
6,657
1,684
1,259
468
21,696
Alaska
2
....................................
15,022
294
549
112
436
886
7,379
1,751
225
147
819
2,424
Arizona
.....................................
75,931
428
641
182
1,611
6,123
38,017
9,613
1,050
737
7,312
10,217
Arkansas
..................................
49,178
554
583
179
1,460
1,646
26,449
3,523
1,223
952
387
12,222
California
3
...............................
444,014
2,155
19,920
4,685
10,335
28,571
230,849
56,822
5,115
896
9,989
74,677
Colorado
..................................
67,447
846
2,211
775
1,749
4,749
35,388
5,919
1,080
700
1,608
12,422
Connecticut
..............................
66,133
955
1,611
453
1,823
3,246
36,070
7,520
1,116
672
3,239
9,428
Delaware
..................................
11,869
87
388
58
399
472
6,463
861
215
122
498
2,306
District
of
Columbia
.................
9,410
402
290
144
305
442
5,305
327
217
143
53
1,782
Florida
......................................
237,721
1,739
12,267
812
5,964
12,110
114,938
24,111
4,794
2,560
7,147
51,279
Georgia
4
..................................
165,058
2,127
3,488
691
3,754
6,423
79,480
21,709
2,476
1,987
2,699
40,224
Hawaii
......................................
16,841
141
263
438
483
704
10,500
937
540
287
512
2,036
Idaho
........................................
21,814
114
443
210
661
876
12,784
1,914
520
185
381
3,726
Illinois
.......................................
209,036
3,292
5,114
1,656
5,132
9,984
113,538
21,137
2,823
1,941
6,503
37,916
Indiana
.....................................
116,363
928
496
1,368
2,818
7,872
55,821
14,421
1,720
1,021
1,650
28,248
Iowa
.........................................
62,075
519
756
382
1,762
4,465
32,318
6,083
1,331
662
2,192
11,605
Kansas
.....................................
57,265
1,253
961
74
1,671
2,487
30,729
4,760
1,087
972
2,298
10,973
Kentucky
..................................
84,425
1,170
2,188
434
1,906
3,147
39,120
10,916
1,282
1,173
2,093
20,996
Louisiana
.................................
93,070
265
689
1,026
2,379
2,907
46,980
10,026
2,610
1,172
2,248
22,768
Maine
.......................................
29,413
448
660
113
853
1,393
15,392
3,776
600
238
1,049
4,891
Maryland
..................................
87,868
720
719
701
2,647
3,765
47,819
7,318
1,830
1,043
1,443
19,863
Massachusetts
.........................
113,154
991
5,788
1,065
2,166
3,073
62,710
12,867
2,090
611
1,860
19,933
Michigan
..................................
177,495
2,250
3,264
497
5,079
7,890
83,179
14,318
2,871
1,450
6,704
49,993
Minnesota
................................
74,891
1,288
1,735
487
1,589
3,316
46,971
6,088
902
986
2,863
8,666
Mississippi
...............................
60,855
906
1,433
418
1,493
2,110
28,997
8,758
824
750
2,221
12,945
Missouri
...................................
120,621
638
4,578
1,244
2,579
8,189
57,951
7,228
2,593
1,368
1,758
32,495
Montana
4,5
..............................
18,586
156
469
155
489
907
10,076
1,938
403
348
68
3,577
Nebraska
.................................
37,894
612
684
236
953
1,479
20,028
3,578
755
575
996
7,998
Nevada
....................................
23,742
184
489
101
680
1,340
13,878
1,489
498
241
605
4,237
New
Hampshire
.......................
23,143
360
455
144
479
812
12,346
3,519
620
281
447
3,680
New
Jersey
..............................
163,069
1,680
6,826
1,305
4,383
8,393
86,706
13,936
3,150
1,781
8,767
26,142
New
Mexico
.............................
40,124
435
1,887
553
859
2,694
19,398
4,574
645
259
1,039
7,781
New
York
.................................
355,723
2,737
23,774
1,263
6,878
7,110
181,559
28,001
5,456
2,998
8,720
87,227
North
Carolina
4
.......................
140,204
1,285
2,977
720
3,993
5,794
73,201
22,287
2,976
2,176
2,720
22,075
North
Dakota
...........................
13,804
435
164
54
394
475
7,501
1,471
248
183
364
2,515
Ohio
.........................................
194,579
5,242
9,467
353
971
12,597
107,347
10,092
3,219
1,628
1,252
42,411
Oklahoma
4
..............................
83,802
533
94
590
1,456
5,754
39,364
7,186
1,390
902
12,589
13,944
Oregon
.....................................
51,458
874
1,315
341
1,622
3,410
26,680
6,381
1,229
612
997
7,997
Pennsylvania
...........................
198,087
1,344
7,175
1,594
4,087
9,840
104,921
14,831
3,676
2,202
9,904
38,513
Rhode
Island
...........................
16,517
148
426
78
361
804
10,482
1,458
309
75
378
1,998
South
Carolina
4,5
....................
74,859
264
1,830
467
2,224
3,537
39,922
7,558
1,517
1,097
2,494
13,949
South
Dakota
4
.........................
18,126
268
400
148
473
878
9,641
2,302
354
202
269
3,191
Tennessee
...............................
98,948
918
2,297
761
4,654
4,572
53,403
9,992
1,456
1,386
2,927
16,582
Texas
.......................................
462,661
2,580
2,451
1,100
11,251
18,644
240,371
43,046
8,219
4,252
3,679
127,068
Utah
.........................................
37,385
109
715
465
926
2,098
20,039
5,037
596
291
369
6,740
Vermont
...................................
15,640
152
278
294
411
719
7,676
2,931
332
216
1,668
963
Virginia
2
...................................
137,546
1,760
1,739
1,483
3,535
5,627
74,731
12,072
3,111
1,950
3,147
28,391
Washington
2,4
.........................
91,322
1,015
2,540
841
2,501
4,760
46,907
8,582
1,758
1,263
3,695
17,460
West
Virginia
...........................
38,645
279
1,896
322
1,095
366
21,073
2,957
611
357
886
8,803
Wisconsin
................................
95,105
842
2,276
1,090
2,353
4,463
55,033
8,361
1,925
1,416
4,005
13,341
Wyoming
..................................
13,164
165
144
41
326
702
6,734
1,350
257
137
676
2,632
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.....................
1,417
30
38
26
60
81
728
15
19
6
48
366
Guam
.......................................
3,728
15
288
18
62
40
1,802
476
80
30
146
771
Northern
Marianas
...................
1,054
9
88
17
30
54
422
216
28
4
75
111
Puerto
Rico
..............................
69,731
314
111
618
1,382
4,738
39,328
 
886
865
1,995
19,494
Virgin
Islands
...........................
3,421
36
322
21
86
106
1,622
298
86
46
431
367
1
Includes
imputations
for
undercounts
in
designated
states.
2
Includes
imputation
for
instruction
coordinators.
3
Includes
imputation
for
prekindergarten
teachers.
4
Includes
imputation
for
support
staff.
5
Includes
imputation
for
instructional
aides.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
unpublished
estimates.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
93
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
STAFF
Table
86.
 
Staff
and
teachers
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
Fall
1990
to
fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Teachers
as
a
percent
of
staff
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
Fall
1990
Fall
1991
Fall
1992
Fall
1993
Staff
Teachers
Teachers
as
a
percent
of
staff
Staff
Teachers
Teachers
as
a
percent
of
staff
Staff
Teachers
Teachers
as
a
percent
of
staff
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
1
..........
53.4
53.3
52.2
52.1
4,904,757
2,551,875
52.0
4,994,358
2,598,220
52.0
5,117,616
2,666,034
52.1
Alabama
.........................
48.7
49.4
2
53.2
2
53.1
81,544
2
42,791
2
52.5
83,256
44,056
52.9
2
84,914
2
45,040
2
53.0
Alaska
............................
50.3
50.9
49.2
45.8
2
15,150
7,205
2
47.6
2
15,022
7,379
2
49.1
2
14,791
7,418
2
50.2
Arizona
...........................
52.0
51.9
50.4
50.2
74,540
38,132
51.2
75,931
38,017
50.1
79,429
40,521
51.0
Arkansas
........................
52.2
49.9
53.2
51.5
50,201
26,181
52.2
49,178
26,449
53.8
2
51,004
2
26,680
2
52.3
California
........................
51.7
52.2
2
51.1
2
51.4
436,140
2
225,016
2
51.6
444,014
2
230,849
2
52.0
2
468,246
2
248,857
2
53.1
Colorado
........................
52.6
52.9
53.2
53.5
64,985
34,894
53.7
67,447
35,388
52.5
71,226
36,398
51.1
Connecticut
....................
56.3
56.8
53.7
55.7
64,742
35,316
54.5
66,133
36,070
54.5
68,861
36,551
53.1
Delaware
........................
55.2
55.5
54.9
54.8
11,759
6,416
54.6
11,869
6,463
54.5
12,203
6,642
54.4
District
of
Columbia
.......
58.3
57.0
57.4
57.2
10,507
6,110
58.2
9,410
5,305
56.4
9,318
5,288
56.8
Florida
............................
49.8
50.0
49.5
48.8
226,975
110,674
48.8
237,721
114,938
48.3
248,773
120,471
48.4
Georgia
..........................
48.9
48.0
2
46.9
2
47.5
2
161,390
77,914
2
48.3
2
165,058
79,480
2
48.2
2
148,294
79,091
2
53.3
Hawaii
............................
59.9
60.7
56.9
55.3
16,567
10,240
61.8
16,841
10,500
62.3
16,867
10,576
62.7
Idaho
..............................
62.3
62.4
60.4
60.1
21,194
12,582
59.4
21,814
12,784
58.6
22,611
13,078
57.8
Illinois
.............................
56.7
55.9
55.9
55.8
204,413
110,830
54.2
209,036
113,538
54.3
2
221,285
116,274
2
52.5
Indiana
...........................
50.7
50.1
48.7
48.4
115,441
55,496
48.1
116,363
55,821
48.0
119,800
56,708
47.3
Iowa
...............................
53.0
52.1
52.2
52.5
60,469
31,726
52.5
62,075
32,318
52.1
63,003
32,593
51.7
Kansas
...........................
56.8
56.8
54.9
54.3
56,790
30,579
53.8
57,265
30,729
53.7
58,040
30,875
53.2
Kentucky
........................
49.5
48.7
47.8
45.9
81,720
38,784
47.5
84,425
39,120
46.3
2
75,073
39,331
2
52.4
Louisiana
.......................
49.8
69.6
50.9
50.3
96,124
47,599
49.5
93,070
46,980
50.5
94,113
47,334
50.3
Maine
.............................
57.3
56.9
53.1
53.2
29,264
15,404
52.6
29,413
15,392
52.3
29,988
15,551
51.9
Maryland
........................
53.9
54.6
55.0
53.4
84,699
46,565
55.0
87,868
47,819
54.4
85,522
47,943
56.1
Massachusetts
...............
57.2
56.5
56.5
56.4
108,281
60,489
55.9
113,154
62,710
55.4
116,749
64,574
55.3
Michigan
........................
46.4
46.6
47.3
47.4
164,766
80,522
48.9
177,495
83,179
46.9
194,954
88,051
45.2
Minnesota
......................
56.2
57.4
56.9
62.7
74,914
46,958
62.7
74,891
46,971
62.7
86,856
48,245
55.5
Mississippi
.....................
48.3
47.5
48.1
47.4
60,708
28,866
47.5
60,855
28,997
47.6
61,125
29,293
47.9
Missouri
.........................
50.6
52.3
2
48.4
48.6
116,974
56,606
48.4
120,621
57,951
48.0
112,406
59,436
52.9
Montana
.........................
3
76.4
3
75.6
2
54.0
2
53.2
2
18,452
10,079
2
54.6
2
18,586
10,076
2
54.2
2
18,862
10,268
2
54.4
Nebraska
.......................
53.4
55.0
2
54.2
2
53.3
37,144
19,774
53.2
37,894
20,028
52.9
38,038
20,174
53.0
Nevada
..........................
3
89.4
3
86.8
2
55.7
56.1
23,098
13,414
58.1
23,742
13,878
58.5
25,463
14,805
58.1
New
Hampshire
.............
51.8
56.0
54.8
54.6
22,336
12,109
54.2
23,143
12,346
53.3
23,963
12,692
53.0
New
Jersey
....................
54.2
54.2
54.8
52.8
161,586
85,258
52.8
163,069
86,706
53.2
4
168,441
4
88,903
4
52.8
New
Mexico
...................
50.3
50.7
51.5
50.2
39,016
19,025
48.8
40,124
19,398
48.3
40,785
19,971
49.0
New
York
.......................
50.9
50.8
51.3
50.7
356,386
182,273
51.1
355,723
181,559
51.0
363,586
185,104
50.9
North
Carolina
...............
51.2
51.7
2
51.5
52.2
2
137,791
71,592
2
52.0
2
140,204
73,201
2
52.2
2
145,110
75,239
2
51.8
North
Dakota
.................
54.5
56.9
56.5
56.3
13,919
7,796
56.0
13,804
7,501
54.3
14,552
7,892
54.2
Ohio
...............................
54.0
53.1
52.9
53.2
200,141
109,085
54.5
194,579
107,347
55.2
196,969
108,602
55.1
Oklahoma
......................
54.2
54.0
53.3
53.4
2
78,270
39,406
2
50.3
2
83,802
39,364
2
47.0
2
83,483
39,491
2
47.3
Oregon
...........................
53.2
53.0
51.5
52.6
50,377
26,208
52.0
51,458
26,680
51.8
52,259
26,757
51.2
Pennsylvania
.................
52.5
52.7
52.7
53.1
193,696
102,988
53.2
198,087
104,921
53.0
201,134
106,432
52.9
Rhode
Island
.................
60.2
62.8
63.6
63.6
15,438
10,066
65.2
16,517
10,482
63.5
16,823
10,656
63.3
South
Carolina
...............
56.0
55.7
55.6
2
54.1
2
74,196
39,437
2
53.2
2
74,859
39,922
2
53.3
2
76,932
41,463
2
53.9
South
Dakota
.................
56.3
60.1
55.9
55.6
2
17,989
9,985
2
55.5
2
18,126
9,641
2
53.2
18,108
9,625
53.2
Tennessee
.....................
49.4
51.0
50.2
2
49.9
96,281
47,406
49.2
98,948
53,403
54.0
101,434
54,790
54.0
Texas
.............................
66.0
65.0
52.2
51.9
450,462
234,213
52.0
462,661
240,371
52.0
477,896
247,650
51.8
Utah
...............................
55.2
55.0
55.1
54.0
36,186
19,524
54.0
37,385
20,039
53.6
37,461
19,734
52.7
Vermont
.........................
53.6
50.5
50.2
2
49.1
15,337
7,566
49.3
15,640
7,676
49.1
15,693
7,751
49.4
Virginia
...........................
49.0
4
49.4
4
53.8
54.5
133,485
2
72,505
2
54.3
137,546
2
74,731
2
54.3
2
139,174
2
74,523
2
53.5
Washington
....................
55.1
55.0
54.4
51.9
2
90,438
46,439
2
51.3
2
91,322
46,907
2
51.4
2
94,692
48,307
2
51.0
West
Virginia
.................
54.9
54.5
54.5
54.6
38,481
21,024
54.6
38,645
21,073
54.5
38,099
20,888
54.8
Wisconsin
......................
58.1
59.0
57.9
59.6
100,996
54,054
53.5
95,105
55,033
57.9
99,871
54,769
54.8
Wyoming
........................
53.1
50.0
50.6
50.7
12,999
6,754
52.0
13,164
6,734
51.2
13,337
6,729
50.5
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
...........
52.6
52.5
53.7
49.0
1,340
698
52.1
1,417
728
51.4
1,470
734
49.9
Guam
.............................
52.6
50.6
46.3
42.8
4,730
1,826
38.6
3,728
1,802
48.3
3,263
1,552
47.6
Northern
Marianas
.........
51.1
47.5
38.8
39.1
1,051
406
38.6
1,054
422
40.0
1,056
441
41.8
Puerto
Rico
....................
55.4
54.9
56.7
58.5
68,868
39,933
58.0
69,731
39,328
56.4
71,333
39,743
55.7
Virgin
Islands
.................
48.0
48.1
47.6
47.2
3
3,193
1,528
47.9
3,421
1,622
47.4
3,185
1,580
49.6
1
U.
S.
totals
include
imputations
for
underreporting
and
nonreporting
states.
2
Includes
imputations
for
underreporting.
3
Support
staff
underreported.
4
Data
estimated
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
unpublished
estimates.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
94
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
STAFF
Table
87.
 
Staff,
enrollment,
and
pupil/
staff
ratios
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
Fall
1990
to
fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Pupil/
staff
ratio
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
Fall
1990
Fall
1991
Fall
1992
Fall
1993
Staff
Enrollment
Pupil/
staff
ratio
Staff
Enrollment
Pupil/
staff
ratio
Staff
Enrollment
Pupil/
staff
ratio
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
1
.........
9.2
9.2
9.1
9.0
4,904,757
44,111,482
9.0
4,994,358
44,840,481
9.0
5,117,616
45,592,213
8.9
Alabama
........................
9.7
8.8
2
9.3
2
9.1
2
81,544
736,531
2
9.0
83,256
746,149
2
9.0
2
84,914
748,156
2
8.8
Alaska
...........................
8.5
8.5
8.3
8.0
2
15,150
127,057
2
8.4
2
15,022
127,618
2
8.5
2
14,791
129,919
2
8.8
Arizona
..........................
10.1
10.0
9.4
9.5
74,540
737,424
9.9
75,931
743,566
9.8
79,429
799,250
10.1
Arkansas
.......................
8.8
8.5
9.0
8.8
50,201
447,565
8.9
49,178
453,257
9.2
2
51,004
457,349
2
9.0
California
.......................
11.8
11.9
2
12.3
2
12.4
2
436,140
5,407,475
2
12.4
2
444,014
5,536,406
2
12.5
2
468,246
5,687,901
2
12.1
Colorado
.......................
9.3
9.5
9.8
9.9
64,985
640,521
9.9
67,447
656,279
9.7
71,226
673,438
9.5
Connecticut
...................
7.6
8.0
7.7
8.0
64,742
506,824
7.8
66,133
517,935
7.8
68,861
527,129
7.7
Delaware
.......................
9.2
9.3
9.2
9.1
11,759
106,813
9.1
11,869
108,461
9.1
12,203
110,549
9.1
District
of
Columbia
......
7.9
7.2
7.7
7.6
10,507
80,450
7.7
9,410
79,802
8.5
9,318
78,648
8.4
Florida
...........................
8.6
8.8
9.1
9.0
226,975
2,111,188
9.3
237,721
2,176,222
9.2
248,773
2,242,212
9.0
Georgia
.........................
8.9
8.9
2
8.5
2
7.9
2
161,390
1,270,948
2
7.9
2
165,058
1,311,126
2
7.9
2
148,294
1,346,761
2
9.1
Hawaii
...........................
11.3
11.2
10.0
9.9
16,567
183,795
11.1
16,841
187,180
11.1
16,867
187,653
11.1
Idaho
.............................
12.2
12.1
11.8
11.8
21,194
240,448
11.3
21,814
243,097
11.1
22,611
245,252
10.8
Illinois
............................
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.5
204,413
1,916,172
9.4
209,036
1,943,623
9.3
2
221,285
1,973,040
2
8.9
Indiana
..........................
8.8
8.8
8.6
8.5
115,441
969,022
8.4
116,363
977,263
8.4
119,800
983,415
8.2
Iowa
..............................
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.3
60,469
500,440
8.3
62,075
502,343
8.1
63,003
502,941
8.0
Kansas
..........................
8.5
8.6
8.3
8.2
56,790
460,838
8.1
57,265
463,008
8.1
58,040
466,293
8.0
Kentucky
.......................
8.6
8.4
8.3
8.1
81,720
657,642
8.0
84,425
659,821
7.8
2
75,073
656,089
2
8.7
Louisiana
.......................
8.6
3
12.0
8.7
8.6
96,124
797,933
8.3
93,070
797,366
8.6
94,113
793,296
8.4
Maine
............................
8.0
8.0
7.5
7.5
29,264
212,601
7.3
29,413
213,569
7.3
29,988
213,593
7.1
Maryland
.......................
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.3
84,699
790,938
9.3
87,868
805,544
9.2
85,522
818,583
9.6
Massachusetts
..............
8.8
8.5
8.5
8.4
108,281
893,727
8.3
113,154
915,007
8.1
116,749
933,898
8.0
Michigan
........................
9.2
8.9
9.2
9.4
164,766
1,614,784
9.8
177,495
1,641,456
9.2
194,954
1,684,386
8.6
Minnesota
.....................
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.8
74,914
821,693
11.0
74,891
835,166
11.2
86,856
847,204
9.8
Mississippi
.....................
8.6
8.5
8.8
8.5
60,708
505,962
8.3
60,855
506,272
8.3
61,125
503,967
8.2
Missouri
.........................
7.9
8.4
2
7.9
7.7
116,974
878,541
7.5
120,621
889,881
7.4
112,406
900,042
8.0
Montana
........................
3
12.2
3
11.9
2
8.5
2
8.7
2
18,452
164,341
2
8.9
2
18,586
165,547
2
8.9
2
18,862
164,627
2
8.7
Nebraska
.......................
7.8
8.1
2
7.9
2
7.7
37,144
287,100
7.7
37,894
289,744
7.6
38,038
291,967
7.7
Nevada
..........................
3
17.3
3
16.1
2
10.4
10.5
23,098
250,747
10.9
23,742
265,041
11.2
25,463
282,131
11.1
New
Hampshire
............
8.4
8.6
8.5
8.5
22,336
189,319
8.5
23,143
194,171
8.4
23,963
198,308
8.3
New
Jersey
...................
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.2
161,586
1,174,206
7.3
163,069
1,197,381
7.3
4
168,441
4
1,208,179
4
7.2
New
Mexico
..................
9.1
8.9
9.1
8.8
39,016
327,248
8.4
40,124
329,640
8.2
40,785
332,632
8.2
New
York
......................
7.5
7.8
7.8
7.7
356,386
2,766,208
7.8
355,723
2,813,230
7.9
363,586
2,843,131
7.8
North
Carolina
...............
8.7
8.7
2
8.6
8.5
2
137,791
1,156,767
2
8.4
2
140,204
1,183,090
2
8.4
2
145,110
1,210,108
2
8.3
North
Dakota
.................
8.5
8.7
8.6
8.6
13,919
119,288
8.6
13,804
119,100
8.6
14,552
120,123
8.3
Ohio
..............................
9.3
9.2
8.9
9.0
200,141
1,814,290
9.1
194,579
1,836,015
9.4
196,969
1,844,389
9.4
Oklahoma
......................
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
2
78,270
609,718
2
7.8
2
83,802
616,393
2
7.4
2
83,483
620,695
2
7.4
Oregon
..........................
9.6
9.9
9.9
10.3
50,377
521,945
10.4
51,458
527,914
10.3
52,259
537,854
10.3
Pennsylvania
.................
8.7
8.9
9.0
9.1
193,696
1,764,946
9.1
198,087
1,787,533
9.0
201,134
1,804,256
9.0
Rhode
Island
.................
8.8
9.2
9.1
9.4
15,438
147,487
9.6
16,517
149,799
9.1
16,823
151,324
9.0
South
Carolina
..............
9.4
9.4
9.5
2
9.0
2
74,196
648,725
2
8.7
2
74,859
645,586
2
8.6
2
76,932
653,011
2
8.5
South
Dakota
................
8.5
8.9
8.6
8.3
2
17,989
143,482
2
8.0
2
18,126
144,685
2
8.0
18,108
143,331
7.9
Tennessee
....................
9.5
9.9
9.9
2
9.4
96,281
881,425
2
9.2
98,948
893,770
2
9.0
101,434
905,089
8.9
Texas
............................
10.2
10.3
8.4
8.3
450,462
3,677,171
8.2
462,661
3,748,167
8.1
477,896
3,828,975
8.0
Utah
..............................
13.8
13.7
13.3
13.4
36,186
474,675
13.1
37,385
477,121
12.8
37,461
481,812
12.9
Vermont
........................
7.1
7.0
6.6
2
6.9
15,337
104,533
6.8
15,640
105,565
6.7
15,693
106,341
6.8
Virginia
..........................
7.7
4
7.8
8.1
8.0
2
133,485
1,060,809
2
7.9
2
137,546
1,079,854
2
7.9
2
139,174
1,096,093
2
7.9
Washington
...................
11.1
11.1
11.0
10.4
2
90,438
938,314
2
10.4
2
91,322
956,572
2
10.5
2
94,692
974,504
2
10.3
West
Virginia
.................
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.2
38,481
310,511
8.1
38,645
307,112
7.9
38,099
304,052
8.0
Wisconsin
......................
9.4
9.2
9.0
9.5
100,996
860,581
8.5
95,105
870,175
9.1
99,871
879,259
8.8
Wyoming
.......................
7.7
7.8
8.7
7.8
12,999
100,314
7.7
13,164
99,859
7.6
13,337
99,058
7.4
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
..........
9.9
10.5
10.4
10.8
1,340
14,445
10.8
1,417
14,576
10.3
1,470
14,766
10.0
Guam
............................
9.0
9.6
8.6
8.1
4,730
32,185
6.8
3,728
32,960
8.8
3,263
33,393
10.2
Northern
Marianas
........
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.4
1,051
8,429
8.0
1,054
8,809
8.4
1,056
9,041
8.6
Puerto
Rico
...................
10.4
9.5
9.4
9.3
3
68,868
621,121
3
9.0
69,731
627,620
9.0
71,333
618,861
8.7
Virgin
Islands
................
6.6
6.8
6.8
6.8
3
3,193
23,126
3
7.2
3,421
22,737
6.6
3,185
22,385
7.0
1
U.
S.
totals
include
imputations
for
underreporting
and
nonreporting
states.
2
Includes
imputations
for
underreporting.
3
Support
staff
underreported.
4
Estimated
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
unpublished
estimates.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
95
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
PRINCIPALS
Table
88.
 
Principals
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
selected
characteristics:
1993
 
94
Selected
characteristics
Total
1
Percent
of
principals,
by
highest
degree
earned
2
Average
years
of
experience
Average
annual
salary
of
principals,
by
length
of
school
year
3
Bachelor's
Master's
Education
specialist
Doctor's
and
firstprofessional
As
a
principal
Prior
teaching
experience
Total
10
months
or
less
11
months
12
months
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Public
schools
Total
................................
79,618
1.4
63.4
25.8
9.3
8.7
11.0
$
54,858
$
50,103
$
53,117
$
58,399
Men
.............................
52,114
1.1
65.1
24.7
9.1
10.3
10.0
54,922
49,545
52,946
58,492
Women
.......................
27,505
2.0
60.2
27.9
9.8
5.6
13.0
54,736
50,908
53,439
58,195
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.....
67,081
1.5
62.8
26.5
9.2
9.0
10.8
54,466
48,797
52,893
58,311
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
8,018
0.0
64.3
23.7
11.9
7.1
12.7
57,669
58,346
54,061
58,836
Hispanic
.......................
3,269
2.7
74.5
17.3
5.5
6.3
11.3
55,862
50,035
54,898
59,597
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.....................
620
6.7
50.9
25.4
17.0
5.6
11.7
59,447
56,916
(
4)
(
4)
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
.........
631
1.1
65.8
24.8
8.2
8.2
9.9
51,117
46,401
49,121
55,337
Age
Under
40
.....................
5,936
4.5
71.2
18.9
5.3
2.8
7.8
46,542
41,817
46,877
49,779
40
to
44
......................
14,571
1.6
65.4
26.2
6.7
5.0
10.3
52,038
48,033
49,581
55,443
45
to
49
......................
25,427
0.9
59.8
30.0
9.3
7.1
11.4
55,423
50,663
53,705
58,872
50
to
54
......................
18,868
1.0
63.9
24.9
10.3
10.3
11.8
56,559
52,464
54,279
59,643
55
or
over
...................
14,817
1.4
63.8
22.4
12.4
15.1
11.6
57,826
52,414
56,355
62,148
Type
of
school
Elementary
..................
53,684
1.5
64.1
25.7
8.6
8.9
11.2
54,161
50,306
52,930
57,620
Secondary
...................
18,262
1.2
63.1
25.4
10.3
8.0
10.6
56,601
47,100
53,982
60,204
Combined
...................
2,747
2.6
60.2
27.8
9.4
7.5
10.9
52,825
50,729
51,879
54,040
Private
schools
Total
................................
25,015
25.9
51.6
8.2
5.9
8.8
9.4
$
32,075
$
21,994
$
32,215
$
35,295
Men
.............................
11,606
23.1
49.6
6.8
9.2
9.0
7.6
35,597
21,144
41,663
38,350
Women
.......................
13,410
28.3
53.3
9.4
3.0
8.6
11.1
29,185
22,537
27,818
32,231
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.....
23,133
25.6
52.1
8.1
5.8
8.7
9.5
31,969
21,289
32,071
35,283
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
1,060
26.5
43.6
11.0
4.6
8.3
7.4
34,383
(
4)
(
4)
35,801
Hispanic
.......................
524
34.5
44.0
9.2
12.1
10.1
12.1
31,350
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)

Age
Under
40
.....................
4,794
38.1
36.6
8.2
1.4
3.5
5.0
26,308
17,903
33,527
29,420
40
to
44
......................
4,403
35.9
45.5
8.5
5.3
5.3
7.9
30,486
20,004
30,127
33,044
45
to
49
......................
5,144
22.2
59.0
8.1
5.5
8.3
9.9
34,641
23,945
31,812
38,932
50
to
54
......................
4,120
15.1
59.1
7.7
11.0
9.6
11.1
37,727
27,338
35,421
40,097
55
or
over
...................
6,553
20.0
56.0
8.3
6.8
14.8
12.4
31,781
23,679
31,308
35,144
Type
of
school
Elementary
..................
13,354
26.1
54.2
8.0
4.7
9.4
10.4
28,779
23,427
30,050
30,687
Secondary
...................
2,304
6.0
67.4
14.0
12.4
7.8
10.5
43,683
(
4)
40,018
45,195
Combined
...................
6,772
29.4
44.2
6.6
5.5
8.0
7.5
33,634
17,957
39,884
37,490
1
Total
differs
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables
because
of
varying
survey
processing
procedures
and
time
period
coverages.

2
Percentages
for
those
with
less
than
a
bachelor's
degree
are
not
shown.

3
Excludes
principals
reporting
a
salary
of
$
0.
About
7.4
percent
of
private
school
principals
had
$
0
salary.
If
these
principals
are
included
in
the
average
annual
salary
calculations
the
average
for
all
private
school
principals
is
$
29,714.
4
Too
few
cases
for
reliable
estimate.

NOTE.
 
Details
may
not
add
to
100.0
percent
because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1996.)
96
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
89.
 
Public
elementary
and
secondary
students,
schools,
pupil/
teacher
ratios,
and
finances,
by
type
of
locale:
1995
and
1996
Characteristic
Total
Large
central
city
1
Mid­
size
central
city
2
Urban
fringe
of
large
city
3
Urban
fringe
of
mid­
size
city
4
Large
town
5
Small
town
6
Rural
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Schools,
enrollment,
and
teachers,
1996
 
97
Enrollment,
in
thousands
.............................
45,705
8,300
7,597
13,588
4,330
803
5,279
5,808
Schools
.........................................................
88,223
12,109
13,019
21,523
7,828
1,616
12,516
19,609
Average
school
size
8
...................................
527
729
590
635
560
506
430
299
Pupil/
teacher
ratio
9
......................................
17.3
18.5
17.1
17.9
17.4
17.2
16.5
15.6
Enrollment
(
percent
distribution)
..................
100.0
18.2
16.6
29.7
9.5
1.8
11.6
12.7
Schools
(
percent
distribution)
......................
100.0
13.7
14.8
24.4
8.9
1.8
14.2
22.2
Revenues
and
expenditures,
1994
 
95
(
in
millions)

Total
revenue
...............................................
$
267,361
$
51,109
$
43,649
$
83,883
$
23,728
$
4,076
$
27,654
$
33,263
Federal
....................................................
17,588
4,932
3,285
3,267
1,315
316
2,249
2,223
Impact
aid
............................................
679
61
88
143
53
14
129
191
Bilingual
education
...............................
31
7
5
5
2
2
5
6
Indian
education
..................................
47
3
4
4
1
2
15
19
Children
with
disabilites
.......................
1,918
391
357
537
166
36
229
202
Eisenhower
science
awards
................
158
45
30
36
12
3
17
15
Drug
Free
schools
...............................
281
74
54
65
22
5
32
30
Chapter
2
(
block
grants)
......................
323
86
59
71
24
6
39
39
Vocational
education
...........................
569
183
112
99
39
11
74
52
Chapter
1
.............................................
6,347
1,984
1,217
971
440
113
823
798
Other
and
unclassified
.........................
7,235
2,098
1,361
1,337
556
125
886
871
State
........................................................
126,688
23,667
21,973
34,031
11,719
2,258
15,182
17,858
State
school
lunch
programs
...............
441
107
90
94
39
5
50
56
Local
........................................................
123,085
22,510
18,391
46,585
10,693
1,501
10,222
13,183
Property
tax
10
......................................
82,657
13,301
11,778
33,429
6,697
1,051
7,325
9,076
Parent
government
contribution
10
.......
22,271
5,839
3,693
7,761
2,210
162
889
1,717
Lunch
sales
..........................................
4,121
500
642
1,373
434
74
497
601
Transportation
......................................
35
3
5
16
3
1
4
3
Other
....................................................
14,001
2,866
2,273
4,005
1,349
213
1,508
1,786
Total
revenue
(
percent
distribution)
.............
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Federal
....................................................
6.6
9.6
7.5
3.9
5.5
7.8
8.1
6.7
State
........................................................
47.4
46.3
50.3
40.6
49.4
55.4
54.9
53.7
Local
........................................................
46.0
44.0
42.1
55.5
45.1
36.8
37.0
39.6
Total
expenditures
........................................
$
264,336
$
51,145
$
43,349
$
83,108
$
23,287
$
4,048
$
27,147
$
32,252
Current
expenditures
...............................
239,725
46,729
39,379
74,775
20,962
3,712
24,830
29,337
Instruction
............................................
147,620
28,884
24,081
45,792
13,201
2,298
15,369
17,995
Operation
and
maintenance
................
23,748
4,961
3,948
7,561
1,916
368
2,302
2,692
Food
service
........................................
10,024
1,959
1,712
2,509
921
175
1,308
1,440
Other
....................................................
58,333
10,925
9,638
18,913
4,925
871
5,850
7,211
Capital
outlay
...........................................
19,433
3,521
3,167
6,531
1,814
262
1,857
2,280
Interest
on
school
debt
............................
5,179
896
803
1,801
511
74
460
634
Current
expenditures
(
percent
distribution)
..........................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Instruction
............................................
61.6
61.8
61.2
61.2
63.0
61.9
61.9
61.3
Operation
and
maintenance
................
9.9
10.6
10.0
10.1
9.1
9.9
9.3
9.2
Food
service
........................................
4.2
4.2
4.3
3.4
4.4
4.7
5.3
4.9
Other
....................................................
24.3
23.4
24.5
25.3
23.5
23.5
23.6
24.6
Current
expenditure
per
student
..................
$
5,481
$
5,881
$
5,388
$
5,859
$
5,034
$
4,744
$
4,812
$
5,225
Instruction
expenditure
per
student
.............
3,375
3,635
3,295
3,588
3,170
2,937
2,979
3,205
1
Central
city
of
metropolitan
statistical
area
(
MSA)
with
population
of
400,000
or
more
or
a
population
density
of
6,000
or
more
persons
per
square
mile.
2
Central
city
of
an
MSA
but
not
designated
as
a
large
central
city.
3
Place
within
the
MSA
of
a
large
central
city.
4
Place
within
the
MSA
of
a
mid­
size
central
city.
5
Place
not
within
an
MSA
but
with
population
of
25,000
or
more
and
defined
as
urban.
6
Place
not
within
an
MSA
with
a
population
of
at
least
2,500
but
less
than
25,000.
7
Place
with
a
population
of
less
than
2,500.
8
Average
for
schools
reporting
enrollment.
9
Ratio
for
schools
reporting
both
FTE
teachers
and
fall
enrollment
data.
10
Property
tax
and
parent
government
contributions
are
determined
on
the
basis
of
independence
or
dependence
of
the
local
school
system
and
are
mutually
exclusive.

NOTE.
 
Locale
classification
procedures
not
comparable
with
previous
years.
Enrollments
by
locale
were
used
to
distribute
school
district
revenue
and
expenditure
amounts
by
locale
classification.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census
Survey
of
Local
Government
Finances,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
97
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
90.
 
Public
school
districts
and
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1929
 
30
to
1996
 
97
School
year
Public
school
districts
1
Public
schools
2
Private
schools
2,3
Total,
all
schools
4
Total,
regular
schools
5
Schools
with
elementary
grades
Schools
with
secondary
grades
Total
4
Schools
with
elementary
grades
Schools
with
secondary
grades
Total
One­
teacher
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1929
 
30
............................
 
 
 
238,306
149,282
23,930
 
9,275
3,258
1937
 
38
............................
119,001
 
 
221,660
121,178
25,467
 
9,992
3,327
1939
 
40
............................
117,108
 
 
 
113,600
 
 
11,306
3,568
1945
 
46
............................
101,382
 
 
160,227
86,563
24,314
 
9,863
3,294
1947
 
48
............................
94,926
 
 
146,760
75,096
25,484
 
10,071
3,292
1949
 
50
............................
83,718
 
 
128,225
59,652
24,542
 
10,375
3,331
1951
 
52
............................
71,094
 
 
123,763
50,742
23,746
 
10,666
3,322
1953
 
54
............................
63,057
 
 
110,875
42,865
25,637
 
11,739
3,913
1955
 
56
............................
54,859
 
 
104,427
34,964
26,046
 
12,372
3,887
1957
 
58
............................
47,594
 
 
95,446
25,341
25,507
 
13,065
3,994
1959
 
60
............................
40,520
 
 
91,853
20,213
25,784
 
13,574
4,061
1961
 
62
............................
35,676
 
 
81,910
13,333
25,350
 
14,762
4,129
1963
 
64
............................
31,705
 
 
77,584
9,895
26,431
 
 
4,451
1965
 
66
............................
26,983
 
 
73,216
6,491
26,597
17,849
15,340
4,606
1967
 
68
............................
22,010
 
94,197
70,879
4,146
27,011
 
 
 
1970
 
71
............................
17,995
 
89,372
65,800
1,815
25,352
 
14,372
3,770
1973
 
74
............................
16,730
 
88,655
65,070
1,365
25,906
 
 
 
1975
 
76
............................
16,376
88,597
87,034
63,242
1,166
25,330
 
 
 
1976
 
77
............................
16,271
 
86,501
62,644
1,111
25,378
19,910
16,385
5,904
1978
 
79
............................
16,014
 
84,816
61,982
1,056
24,504
19,489
16,097
5,766
1980
 
81
............................
15,912
85,982
83,688
61,069
921
24,362
20,764
16,792
5,678
1982
 
83
............................
15,824
84,740
82,039
59,656
798
23,988
 
 
 
1983
 
84
............................
15,747
84,178
81,418
59,082
838
23,947
6
27,694
6
20,872
6
7,862
1984
 
85
............................
 
84,007
81,147
58,827
825
23,916
 
 
 
1985
 
86
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
6
25,616
6
20,252
6
7,387
1986
 
87
............................
7
15,713
83,455
82,190
60,784
763
23,389
 
 
 
1987
 
88
............................
7
15,577
83,248
81,416
59,754
729
23,841
6
26,807
6
22,959
6
8,418
1988
 
89
............................
7
15,376
83,165
81,579
60,176
583
23,638
 
 
 
1989
 
90
............................
7
15,367
83,425
81,880
60,699
630
23,461
 
 
 
1990
 
91
............................
7
15,358
84,538
82,475
61,340
617
23,460
6
24,690
6
22,223
6
8,989
1991
 
92
............................
7
15,173
84,578
82,506
61,739
569
23,248
6
25,998
6
23,523
6
9,282
1992
 
93
............................
7
15,025
84,497
82,896
62,225
430
23,220
 
 
 
1993
 
94
............................
7
14,881
85,393
83,431
62,726
442
23,379
6
26,093
6
23,543
6
10,555
1994
 
95
............................
7
14,772
86,221
84,476
63,572
458
23,668
 
 
 
1995
 
96
............................
7
14,766
87,125
84,958
63,961
474
23,793
27,686
25,153
10,942
1996
 
97
............................
7
14,841
88,223
86,092
64,785
487
24,287
 
 
 
1
Includes
operating
and
nonoperating
districts.

2
Schools
with
both
elementary
and
secondary
programs
are
included
under
elementary
schools
and
also
under
secondary
schools.

3
Data
for
most
years
are
partly
estimated.

4
Includes
regular
schools
and
special
schools
not
classified
by
grade
span.

5
Includes
elementary,
secondary,
and
combined
elementary/
secondary
schools.

6
These
data
are
from
sample
surveys
and
should
not
be
compared
directly
with
the
data
for
earlier
years.
7
Because
of
expanded
survey
coverage,
data
are
not
directly
comparable
with
figures
for
earlier
years.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Nonpublic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools;
Private
Schools
in
American
Education;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)

Table
91.
 
Public
school
districts
and
enrollment,
by
size
of
district:
1988
 
89
to
1996
 
97
Enrollment
size
of
district
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Number
of
districts
Percent
of
districts
Percent
of
students
Number
of
districts
Percent
of
districts
Percent
of
students
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
.............................
15,376
15,367
15,358
15,173
15,025
14,881
14,772
14,766
100.0
100.0
14,841
100.0
100.0
25,000
or
more
.................
177
179
190
195
202
206
207
216
1.5
30.5
226
1.5
31.1
10,000
to
24,999
..............
473
479
489
502
510
525
542
553
3.7
18.6
569
3.8
18.7
5,000
to
9,999
..................
924
913
937
941
955
973
996
1,013
6.9
15.7
1,024
6.9
15.5
2,500
to
4,999
..................
1,907
1,937
1,940
1,981
2,002
2,008
2,013
2,027
13.7
16.0
2,069
13.9
15.9
1,000
to
2,499
..................
3,529
3,547
3,542
3,525
3,530
3,570
3,579
3,554
24.1
13.1
3,536
23.8
12.7
600
to
999
........................
1,813
1,801
1,799
1,793
1,798
1,785
1,777
1,777
12.0
3.2
1,772
11.9
3.1
300
to
599
........................
2,266
2,283
2,275
2,222
2,200
2,162
2,113
2,104
14.2
2.1
2,066
13.9
2.0
1
to
299
............................
3,984
3,910
3,816
3,648
3,465
3,294
3,173
3,123
21.1
1.0
3,160
21.3
1.0
Size
not
reported
1
............
303
318
370
366
363
358
372
399
2.7
 
419
2.8
 
1
Includes
school
districts
reporting
enrollment
of
0.
 
Data
not
reported.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
98
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
92.
 
Number
and
percentage
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
education
agencies,
by
state
and
type
of
agency:
1995
 
96
and
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
Total
agencies
Regular
school
districts
including
supervisory
union
components
Regional
education
service
agencies
and
supervisory
union
administrative
centers
State­
operated
agencies
Federally
operated
agencies
Other
agencies
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
..........
16,265
16,359
14,766
14,841
1,164
1,165
194
194
44
44
97
115
Alabama
.......................
131
131
127
127
0
0
1
1
3
3
0
0
Alaska
..........................
55
55
55
53
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
Arizona
.........................
242
317
227
302
5
5
1
1
8
8
1
1
Arkansas
......................
332
331
311
311
17
16
4
4
0
0
0
0
California
......................
1,060
1,060
999
999
58
58
3
3
0
0
0
0
Colorado
......................
194
194
176
176
18
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
Connecticut
..................
179
179
166
166
6
6
4
4
0
0
3
3
Delaware
......................
22
24
19
19
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
2
District
of
Columbia
.....
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Florida
..........................
74
74
67
67
0
0
1
1
0
0
6
6
Georgia
........................
180
180
180
180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hawaii
..........................
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Idaho
............................
113
113
112
112
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
Illinois
...........................
1,024
1,040
905
924
83
81
5
5
0
0
31
30
Indiana
.........................
327
327
295
295
28
28
3
3
0
0
1
1
Iowa
.............................
415
408
384
379
15
15
15
13
1
1
0
0
Kansas
.........................
304
304
304
304
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Kentucky
......................
258
258
176
176
0
0
80
80
2
2
0
0
Louisiana
......................
72
72
66
66
0
0
5
5
0
0
1
1
Maine
...........................
326
326
284
284
40
40
1
1
0
0
1
1
Maryland
......................
24
24
24
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Massachusetts
.............
464
465
353
353
85
85
1
1
0
0
25
26
Michigan
.......................
693
730
631
668
57
57
4
4
0
0
1
1
Minnesota
....................
452
453
388
382
61
68
3
3
0
0
0
0
Mississippi
....................
164
164
153
153
0
0
10
10
1
1
0
0
Missouri
........................
537
531
531
525
0
0
2
2
0
0
4
4
Montana
.......................
551
551
472
472
77
77
2
2
0
0
0
0
Nebraska
......................
786
774
668
656
112
112
6
6
0
0
0
0
Nevada
.........................
18
18
17
17
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
New
Hampshire
...........
246
248
178
178
68
70
0
0
0
0
0
0
New
Jersey
..................
620
620
608
608
12
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
New
Mexico
.................
89
89
89
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
New
York
.....................
753
744
715
706
38
38
0
0
0
0
0
0
North
Carolina
..............
123
123
119
119
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
0
North
Dakota
................
284
282
238
236
38
38
3
3
5
5
0
0
Ohio
.............................
781
776
661
661
94
89
3
3
0
0
23
23
Oklahoma
.....................
548
549
548
549
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oregon
.........................
243
226
234
219
6
5
2
1
1
1
0
0
Pennsylvania
................
614
614
501
501
101
100
12
13
0
0
0
0
Rhode
Island
................
37
37
36
36
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
South
Carolina
.............
106
104
95
95
11
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
South
Dakota
...............
218
218
177
177
17
17
5
5
19
19
0
0
Tennessee
...................
140
140
140
140
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Texas
...........................
1,044
1,059
1,044
1,043
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
Utah
.............................
47
47
40
40
5
5
2
2
0
0
0
0
Vermont
.......................
344
346
284
285
60
60
0
1
0
0
0
0
Virginia
.........................
165
169
141
141
22
26
0
0
2
2
0
0
Washington
..................
305
305
296
296
9
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
West
Virginia
................
57
57
55
55
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
Wisconsin
.....................
444
444
426
426
16
16
2
2
0
0
0
0
Wyoming
......................
58
57
49
49
5
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
Department
of
Defense
dependents
schools
12
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
12
0
0
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.........
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Guam
...........................
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Northern
Marianas
.......
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Puerto
Rico
..................
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Virgin
Islands
...............
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NOTE.
 
Data
for
1995
 
96
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
99
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Districts
with
more
than
15,000
students
..................
 
15,893,464
18,397,774
45.3
54.7
26.9
21.4
5.7
0.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25,818
Baldwin
County
...........................
AL
17,054
21,410
81.3
18.7
17.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
1,327
16.1
2,437
8.8
5.8
6.4
4.5
6.1
6.0
1,040
35
Birmingham
City
..........................
AL
42,240
41,133
5.9
94.1
93.6
0.2
0.3
0.1
2,497
16.5
4,497
9.1
7.0
8.0
7.3
7.4
3.4
1,693
93
Huntsville
City
.............................
AL
24,807
23,993
56.1
43.9
39.1
1.4
3.0
0.5
1,678
14.3
3,002
8.0
5.5
6.5
5.3
5.8
3.9
1,348
44
Jefferson
County
.........................
AL
40,551
41,663
82.4
17.6
16.9
0.3
0.4
0.1
2,589
16.1
4,991
8.3
5.9
4.6
6.4
7.9
4.7
2,477
63
Madison
County
..........................
AL
13,210
18,905
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,029
18.4
1,962
9.6
5.9
5.8
5.9
7.3
4.7
921
23
Mobile
County
.............................
AL
67,553
64,833
48.7
51.3
49.2
0.3
1.4
0.4
3,632
17.9
7,000
9.3
6.5
8.7
6.4
5.3
3.5
3,172
88
Montgomery
County
....................
AL
35,984
34,746
29.9
70.1
68.3
0.7
1.0
0.1
2,119
16.4
3,892
8.9
5.1
2.1
6.8
7.0
4.9
1,484
56
Shelby
County
.............................
AL
15,624
18,472
86.2
13.8
12.3
0.5
0.8
0.1
1,088
17.0
2,068
8.9
4.9
3.3
6.7
5.3
4.6
977
28
Tuscaloosa
County
.....................
AL
14,090
15,372
77.4
22.6
22.0
0.3
0.3
0.1
943
16.3
1,746
8.8
5.4
5.3
5.7
5.8
4.5
869
27
Anchorage
...................................
AK
40,924
48,109
67.9
32.1
8.8
4.7
7.4
11.3
2,521
19.1
4,603
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
2,291
87
Fairbanks
North
Star
Borough
....
AK
13,678
16,339
73.9
26.1
8.6
3.2
3.0
11.3
872
18.7
1,650
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
632
31
Amphitheater
Unified
...................
AZ
13,519
15,898
67.9
32.1
3.3
24.4
2.6
1.8
803
19.8
1,647
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
784
18
Cartwright
Elementary
.................
AZ
13,952
17,041
32.5
67.5
11.1
53.8
1.1
1.6
835
20.4
1,883
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
18
Chandler
Unified
.........................
AZ
10,510
16,748
60.9
39.1
3.9
31.4
2.2
1.7
809
20.7
1,521
11.0
 
 
 
 
 
507
19
Deer
Valley
Unified
.....................
AZ
15,290
21,680
87.8
12.2
1.8
7.8
2.0
0.6
1,093
19.8
1,950
11.1
 
 
 
 
 
758
22
Gilbert
Unified
.............................
AZ
9,451
19,877
85.3
14.7
1.9
10.3
2.1
0.5
1,044
19.0
1,897
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
942
21
Kyrene
Elementary
......................
AZ
9,281
18,578
80.3
19.7
3.9
9.8
4.9
1.1
969
19.2
1,688
11.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
23
Mesa
Unified
...............................
AZ
61,324
70,181
74.9
25.1
3.0
17.1
1.8
3.2
3,432
20.4
6,620
10.6
 
 
 
 
 
2,228
76
Paradise
Valley
Unified
...............
AZ
25,964
33,233
86.4
13.6
1.8
9.0
2.2
0.6
1,605
20.7
2,882
11.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,550
37
Peoria
Unified
..............................
AZ
19,865
28,182
77.5
22.5
3.4
16.1
2.3
0.7
1,369
20.6
2,433
11.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,333
30
Phoenix
Union
High
....................
AZ
18,006
21,307
25.3
74.7
12.0
57.2
2.1
3.4
1,110
19.2
2,215
9.6
 
 
 
 
 
2,275
12
Scottsdale
Unified
.......................
AZ
19,273
25,103
87.4
12.6
1.4
7.8
2.4
0.9
1,318
19.0
2,303
10.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,246
28
Tucson
Unified
............................
AZ
55,737
62,867
45.6
54.4
6.4
42.0
2.3
3.7
3,374
18.6
6,779
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,594
113
Washington
Elementary
..............
AZ
21,875
25,268
73.4
26.6
4.1
18.1
2.3
2.1
1,415
17.9
2,429
10.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
33
Little
Rock
...................................
AR
26,057
25,006
30.5
69.5
67.0
1.3
1.1
0.1
1,632
15.3
3,042
8.2
6.5
2.6
8.5
8.9
6.4
1,458
48
Pulaski
County
Special
...............
AR
21,607
20,295
66.0
34.0
32.7
0.7
0.5
0.1
1,195
17.0
2,364
8.6
5.4
4.0
4.8
6.9
6.4
1,021
37
ABC
Unified
.................................
CA
20,943
21,904
18.2
81.8
10.5
32.0
39.1
0.3
970
22.6
1,769
12.4
1.9
0.7
1.3
1.5
4.3
1,496
30
Alum
Rock
Union
Elementary
.....
CA
15,964
15,887
8.1
91.9
3.3
66.0
21.9
0.7
619
25.6
1,079
14.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
25
Alvord
Unified
..............................
CA
13,973
16,746
40.5
59.5
7.0
45.7
6.5
0.3
665
25.2
1,112
15.1
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.1
672
17
Anaheim
Elementary
...................
CA
13,984
19,471
16.5
83.5
2.2
74.1
6.8
0.3
770
25.3
1,489
13.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
22
Anaheim
Union
High
...................
CA
21,394
25,593
33.5
66.5
3.8
45.9
16.2
0.6
976
26.2
1,719
14.9
0.8
1.2
0.6
0.6
0.5
2,661
20
Antelope
Valley
Union
High
........
CA
9,798
15,366
52.9
47.1
14.7
27.4
4.5
0.6
533
28.8
1,001
15.3
1.1
0.5
1.2
1.8
1.7
2,193
8
Antioch
Unified
............................
CA
12,608
16,622
62.2
37.8
8.8
19.7
7.9
1.3
696
23.9
1,172
14.2
0.5
0.1
1.0
0.5
0.4
742
17
Bakersfield
City
Elementary
........
CA
23,585
26,854
23.5
76.5
13.6
59.2
2.3
1.3
1,270
21.1
2,489
10.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
37
Baldwin
Park
Unified
...................
CA
15,675
16,506
4.9
95.1
1.8
84.6
8.3
0.3
600
27.5
1,184
13.9
3.7
4.5
5.0
2.0
2.7
762
21
Cajon
Valley
Union
Elementary
..
CA
16,443
19,145
68.5
31.5
5.8
21.1
3.3
1.3
880
21.8
1,449
13.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
26
Capistrano
Unified
.......................
CA
24,846
37,539
75.6
24.4
1.6
16.6
6.0
0.3
1,632
23.0
2,776
13.5
1.5
0.9
1.0
1.7
2.7
1,720
36
Chaffey
Union
High
.....................
CA
12,855
17,296
38.3
61.7
9.8
44.4
6.8
0.7
654
26.4
1,158
14.9
5.0
2.5
3.3
5.8
9.6
2,848
7
Chino
Unified
...............................
CA
22,127
29,342
48.8
51.2
5.1
37.0
8.9
0.1
1,214
24.2
2,064
14.2
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.2
1,351
30
Chula
Vista
Elementary
..............
CA
16,952
19,899
25.4
74.6
5.8
56.7
11.3
0.8
844
23.6
1,508
13.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
33
Clovis
Unified
..............................
CA
21,299
30,627
64.0
36.0
3.0
18.8
12.8
1.4
1,349
22.7
2,493
12.3
3.3
3.0
3.1
4.0
3.2
1,580
32
Colton
Joint
Unified
.....................
CA
15,342
19,712
24.8
75.2
8.4
62.3
3.9
0.5
820
24.0
1,498
13.2
1.7
1.8
0.7
1.1
3.4
749
25
Compton
Unified
.........................
CA
26,889
28,839
0.2
99.8
36.4
62.2
1.1
0.1
1,026
28.1
2,322
12.4
8.6
4.0
10.0
10.6
13.9
749
35
Conejo
Valley
Unified
..................
CA
17,092
18,553
77.1
22.9
1.5
14.1
6.7
0.7
779
23.8
1,337
13.9
1.4
1.0
1.7
1.2
1.8
1,166
27
Corona­
Norco
Unified
.................
CA
21,660
29,528
48.8
51.2
4.1
41.0
5.5
0.5
1,170
25.2
2,091
14.1
2.8
1.2
1.4
3.5
5.8
1,406
34
Desert
Sands
Unified
..................
CA
15,241
20,461
36.2
63.8
2.4
59.2
1.8
0.5
811
25.2
1,571
13.0
4.3
2.8
7.5
3.1
3.2
908
23
Downey
Unified
...........................
CA
14,731
19,100
25.6
74.4
5.0
60.4
8.2
0.8
760
25.1
1,354
14.1
1.3
2.2
1.4
0.8
0.4
1,010
21
East
Side
Union
High
..................
CA
21,566
23,037
18.8
81.2
6.1
39.0
35.2
0.9
1,015
22.7
1,697
13.6
7.9
8.7
6.0
7.8
9.2
4,167
15
Elk
Grove
Unified
........................
CA
24,390
37,787
42.2
57.8
19.1
15.7
21.6
1.3
1,635
23.1
2,930
12.9
4.0
3.8
3.0
3.3
6.3
1,572
40
Escondido
Union
Elementary
......
CA
13,868
17,583
46.7
53.3
2.7
45.9
4.2
0.5
773
22.8
1,346
13.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
19
Fairfield­
Suisun
Unified
...............
CA
18,892
21,202
46.4
53.6
20.5
17.1
15.2
0.8
926
22.9
1,460
14.5
1.5
0.6
1.7
1.9
1.8
896
26
Fontana
Unified
...........................
CA
24,521
32,175
21.8
78.2
12.4
62.9
2.5
0.5
1,320
24.4
2,254
14.3
2.3
2.3
2.9
2.4
1.6
1,397
31
Fremont
Unified
...........................
CA
26,913
30,237
49.6
50.4
5.0
13.6
31.2
0.5
1,233
24.5
1,979
15.3
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1,603
41
100
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Fresno
Unified
.............................
CA
67,492
78,470
22.8
77.2
11.1
43.6
21.7
0.8
3,525
22.3
6,639
11.8
7.1
6.7
7.6
7.5
6.3
2,868
90
Garden
Grove
Unified
.................
CA
36,725
44,661
24.4
75.6
1.3
42.8
31.0
0.3
1,810
24.7
3,514
12.7
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.3
2.0
2,203
63
Glendale
Unified
..........................
CA
24,280
30,164
58.8
41.2
1.1
23.6
16.3
0.2
1,131
26.7
2,336
12.9
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.9
1,785
29
Grossmont
Union
High
................
CA
18,626
22,202
69.9
30.1
5.9
17.3
5.4
1.4
885
25.1
1,736
12.8
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.2
2.7
3,663
13
Hacienda
La
Puente
Unified
.......
CA
22,779
22,345
10.9
89.1
2.6
66.9
19.2
0.4
892
25.1
1,744
12.8
2.9
2.6
2.2
2.8
4.2
1,241
35
Hayward
Unified
..........................
CA
18,608
21,693
24.5
75.5
19.7
36.2
18.8
0.7
977
22.2
1,619
13.4
6.5
7.4
6.7
6.5
4.5
830
33
Hemet
Unified
.............................
CA
11,976
15,500
66.1
33.9
2.6
28.6
2.0
0.8
632
24.5
1,111
13.9
1.9
1.4
2.9
1.4
1.8
700
18
Hesperia
Unified
..........................
CA
11,814
15,327
61.4
38.6
5.2
31.2
1.5
0.6
618
24.8
1,186
12.9
6.5
5.5
5.7
8.2
8.2
622
16
Inglewood
Unified
........................
CA
15,863
16,765
0.6
99.4
43.3
55.2
0.9
0.1
612
27.4
1,086
15.4
4.7
4.9
4.3
4.0
5.8
522
18
Irvine
Unified
...............................
CA
20,303
22,563
63.3
36.7
3.2
7.3
25.8
0.4
996
22.7
1,735
13.0
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.8
1,530
31
Jurupa
Unified
.............................
CA
14,571
17,686
41.2
58.8
5.2
51.4
2.1
0.2
717
24.7
1,285
13.8
3.0
3.9
2.4
2.7
2.8
777
23
Kern
Union
High
..........................
CA
19,391
25,919
48.7
51.3
7.3
40.1
3.0
0.9
962
26.9
1,969
13.2
4.2
1.7
2.4
4.0
12.2
4,514
23
Lodi
Unified
.................................
CA
23,230
25,662
46.5
53.5
5.8
23.3
23.7
0.8
1,166
22.0
2,172
11.8
4.8
3.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
1,246
35
Long
Beach
Unified
.....................
CA
68,292
83,038
19.9
80.1
20.7
39.0
20.0
0.4
3,613
23.0
7,322
11.3
10.2
6.2
7.5
11.7
17.1
3,178
84
Los
Angeles
Unified
....................
CA
609,746
667,305
11.0
89.0
14.0
68.0
6.7
0.3
28,492
23.4
53,221
12.5
8.9
8.5
10.2
9.4
6.6
24,646
642
Lynwood
Unified
..........................
CA
14,612
16,206
0.4
99.6
13.0
85.8
0.8
0.1
599
27.1
1,069
15.2
4.5
4.3
6.4
4.8
1.8
590
12
Madera
Unified
............................
CA
13,046
16,015
28.7
71.3
3.7
66.0
1.3
0.2
683
23.5
1,314
12.2
4.9
1.4
3.7
3.7
12.5
672
20
Manteca
Unified
..........................
CA
13,177
15,841
59.3
40.7
4.4
28.1
6.8
1.4
650
24.4
1,138
13.9
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.1
0.8
676
19
Modesto
City
Elementary
............
CA
16,609
18,157
40.7
59.3
4.6
41.5
12.4
0.8
750
24.2
1,337
13.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
27
Montebello
Unified
......................
CA
32,362
33,147
3.8
96.2
0.5
90.1
5.5
0.1
1,184
28.0
2,323
14.3
3.4
4.0
3.3
2.0
3.9
1,440
28
Moreno
Valley
Unified
.................
CA
26,630
31,303
36.9
63.1
22.7
33.6
6.5
0.3
1,299
24.1
2,488
12.6
2.3
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.5
1,477
34
Mt.
Diablo
Unified
........................
CA
32,534
35,834
67.8
32.2
4.7
15.6
11.4
0.4
1,618
22.1
2,702
13.3
2.7
2.7
1.7
3.3
3.2
1,897
54
Napa
Valley
Unified
....................
CA
12,978
15,704
68.7
31.3
1.7
25.0
3.5
1.1
719
21.8
1,250
12.6
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.6
1.6
776
30
Newport­
Mesa
Unified
.................
CA
16,085
19,560
58.8
41.2
1.1
33.4
6.5
0.1
870
22.5
1,554
12.6
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.1
996
27
Norwalk­
La
Mirada
Unified
..........
CA
18,557
21,600
24.5
75.5
5.0
62.1
8.2
0.3
843
25.6
1,929
11.2
3.7
1.4
1.2
6.0
7.7
981
26
Oakland
Unified
...........................
CA
50,741
53,462
6.2
93.8
51.7
21.7
19.9
0.5
2,508
21.3
4,618
11.6
9.1
8.9
10.4
8.9
7.1
1,710
93
Oceanside
City
Unified
...............
CA
16,309
20,247
34.3
65.7
15.1
40.8
8.9
0.8
867
23.3
1,556
13.0
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.7
2.0
691
22
Ontario­
Montclair
Elementary
.....
CA
20,356
24,196
17.2
82.8
7.9
70.2
4.1
0.5
1,068
22.7
1,930
12.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
31
Orange
Unified
............................
CA
24,618
28,294
48.8
51.2
2.1
36.0
12.7
0.3
1,112
25.4
2,108
13.4
2.7
3.6
2.8
2.5
1.8
1,517
37
Pajaro
Valley
Joint
Unified
..........
CA
16,147
18,355
25.1
74.9
0.6
71.4
2.8
0.2
815
22.5
1,622
11.3
3.3
5.4
3.0
2.0
1.0
698
24
Palm
Springs
Unified
..................
CA
13,302
18,129
37.2
62.8
5.9
52.2
3.6
1.1
749
24.2
1,442
12.6
2.6
3.1
1.9
1.8
3.7
618
21
Palmdale
Elementary
..................
CA
11,548
18,631
40.9
59.1
15.4
38.4
4.2
1.0
659
28.3
1,106
16.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
18
Paramount
Unified
......................
CA
12,738
15,843
5.5
94.5
15.3
74.8
4.0
0.4
647
24.5
1,236
12.8
7.8
9.6
8.6
6.4
5.2
534
15
Pasadena
Unified
........................
CA
21,674
22,490
17.2
82.8
32.9
46.0
3.7
0.1
942
23.9
1,966
11.4
4.6
4.4
5.8
4.3
3.7
986
30
Placentia­
Yorba
Linda
Unified
....
CA
21,216
24,381
63.5
36.5
2.1
25.1
9.1
0.2
986
24.7
1,689
14.4
1.0
0.6
1.4
1.0
1.0
1,239
29
Pomona
Unified
...........................
CA
25,990
31,214
9.8
90.2
11.5
70.7
7.9
0.1
1,199
26.0
2,237
14.0
5.0
4.9
5.5
4.6
4.8
1,039
37
Poway
Unified
.............................
CA
23,402
30,626
72.6
27.4
2.8
7.5
16.6
0.5
1,339
22.9
2,436
12.6
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.8
2.3
1,812
28
Redlands
Unified
.........................
CA
15,247
17,950
50.7
49.3
7.8
30.3
10.3
0.9
726
24.7
1,226
14.6
2.0
0.4
0.2
1.8
6.2
997
17
Rialto
Unified
...............................
CA
18,487
24,757
18.1
81.9
27.9
49.8
4.0
0.2
984
25.2
1,881
13.2
3.4
3.8
3.5
3.5
2.3
1,065
24
Riverside
Unified
.........................
CA
30,258
35,407
45.1
54.9
10.1
39.4
4.8
0.6
1,502
23.6
2,830
12.5
2.6
3.4
2.8
2.1
1.6
1,670
42
Rowland
Unified
..........................
CA
18,881
18,833
12.2
87.8
6.6
54.5
26.5
0.2
770
24.4
1,450
13.0
2.9
4.6
3.1
2.0
1.0
1,031
22
Sacramento
City
Unified
.............
CA
48,061
51,240
27.2
72.8
21.8
22.8
26.7
1.5
2,064
24.8
4,279
12.0
6.3
6.1
6.5
6.4
6.2
1,861
76
Saddleback
Valley
Unified
..........
CA
24,156
31,833
72.7
27.3
2.1
14.6
10.3
0.3
1,435
22.2
2,197
14.5
1.9
0.3
1.2
2.4
4.3
1,701
35
San
Bernardino
City
Unified
.......
CA
39,033
46,309
24.8
75.2
19.1
50.0
4.7
1.4
1,931
24.0
3,699
12.5
8.1
9.3
7.8
7.6
5.6
1,670
58
San
Diego
City
Unified
................
CA
119,314
133,687
29.3
70.7
16.9
34.4
18.7
0.7
6,024
22.2
11,805
11.3
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.8
4.5
5,813
163
San
Francisco
Unified
.................
CA
61,935
61,174
12.7
87.3
16.8
20.9
48.9
0.7
3,412
17.9
5,567
11.0
2.1
2.8
2.2
1.8
1.2
3,549
112
San
Jose
Unified
.........................
CA
29,005
32,592
31.3
68.7
3.4
48.8
14.6
1.9
1,155
28.2
2,619
12.4
1.7
1.1
2.6
1.5
1.6
1,543
49
San
Juan
Unified
.........................
CA
46,640
47,819
77.4
22.6
5.9
8.6
6.0
2.0
2,199
21.8
4,186
11.4
4.4
1.8
2.8
5.1
8.3
2,767
87
San
Ramon
Valley
Unified
..........
CA
15,851
18,967
81.7
18.3
1.7
4.3
11.7
0.6
813
23.3
1,387
13.7
1.2
0.2
0.3
0.9
3.5
1,208
25
Santa
Ana
Unified
.......................
CA
42,785
52,107
3.6
96.4
1.2
89.9
5.3
0.0
2,082
25.0
4,147
12.6
7.6
8.1
8.5
7.0
5.8
1,781
45
Simi
Valley
Unified
......................
CA
18,279
18,923
72.9
27.1
1.7
17.4
7.0
1.0
815
23.2
1,461
13.0
2.1
0.0
0.8
4.0
3.4
1,202
27
Stockton
City
Unified
...................
CA
31,849
35,154
16.6
83.4
13.0
41.3
27.4
1.6
1,532
22.9
3,132
11.2
2.4
1.7
1.5
2.9
4.5
994
41
Sweetwater
Union
High
..............
CA
27,265
30,772
18.2
81.8
4.9
63.4
12.9
0.6
1,303
23.6
2,376
12.9
4.4
5.1
4.2
3.6
4.7
3,341
19
Torrance
Unified
..........................
CA
19,125
23,260
49.3
50.7
4.2
15.0
30.9
0.6
978
23.8
1,713
13.6
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.5
1,521
30
Vallejo
City
Unified
......................
CA
18,496
19,479
22.6
77.4
34.3
15.1
27.5
0.6
759
25.7
1,437
13.6
3.6
0.5
7.5
3.7
2.6
879
25
Ventura
Unified
...........................
CA
15,308
16,859
61.2
38.8
2.3
32.3
3.3
1.0
679
24.8
1,293
13.0
4.7
3.7
3.1
4.4
8.9
809
27
Visalia
Unified
.............................
CA
19,913
24,515
46.8
53.2
1.8
42.2
8.4
0.8
1,099
22.3
2,010
12.2
3.9
2.8
2.2
3.8
7.4
1,161
32
Vista
Unified
................................
CA
17,162
24,874
51.3
48.7
5.8
36.7
5.5
0.7
1,052
23.6
1,942
12.8
2.8
1.8
1.7
3.2
4.6
1,101
25
101
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
West
Contra
Costa
Unified
.........
CA
31,102
32,284
22.5
77.5
35.0
23.7
18.5
0.3
1,412
22.9
2,596
12.4
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.2
2.1
1,600
57
Adams­
Arapahoe
........................
CO
25,345
28,492
54.1
45.9
24.1
15.7
5.1
1.0
1,502
19.0
2,920
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,177
44
Boulder
Valley
.............................
CO
21,013
25,648
82.9
17.1
1.7
10.0
4.5
0.9
1,373
18.7
2,603
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,361
52
Cherry
Creek
...............................
CO
28,027
37,128
82.6
17.4
7.0
5.1
4.9
0.4
2,018
18.4
4,001
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,101
45
Colorado
Springs
........................
CO
29,931
33,175
73.3
26.7
9.5
13.9
2.3
1.1
1,696
19.6
3,162
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,648
61
Denver
County
............................
CO
58,299
66,331
26.1
73.9
21.3
47.5
3.7
1.4
3,198
20.7
7,117
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,363
118
Douglas
County
...........................
CO
12,001
24,495
92.9
7.1
0.9
3.5
2.2
0.5
1,330
18.4
2,491
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,055
39
Jefferson
County
.........................
CO
75,164
86,670
86.0
14.0
1.1
9.3
2.8
0.7
4,134
21.0
9,201
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
4,443
151
Littleton
........................................
CO
15,356
16,044
90.7
9.3
1.3
4.9
2.7
0.4
856
18.8
1,615
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
960
25
Mesa
County
Valley
....................
CO
16,286
19,049
85.9
14.1
0.7
11.7
0.9
0.8
1,039
18.3
1,880
10.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,140
37
Northglenn­
Thornton
...................
CO
20,692
25,604
75.2
24.8
1.9
18.4
3.3
1.2
1,291
19.8
2,414
10.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,237
40
Poudre
.........................................
CO
17,965
21,922
84.8
15.2
1.2
10.4
2.6
1.0
1,101
19.9
2,080
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,139
44
Pueblo
City
..................................
CO
18,403
18,100
44.6
55.4
2.2
50.9
0.7
1.6
931
19.4
1,719
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
994
38
St.
Vrain
Valley
...........................
CO
14,929
17,459
79.3
20.7
0.4
17.5
1.8
1.0
885
19.7
1,673
10.4
 
 
 
 
 
879
33
Bridgeport
....................................
CT
19,332
21,884
11.3
88.7
42.1
42.9
3.6
0.1
1,391
15.7
2,533
8.6
7.0
8.3
5.6
6.7
7.0
600
36
Hartford
.......................................
CT
24,682
23,429
4.6
95.4
42.1
50.7
2.6
0.1
1,712
13.7
2,911
8.0
23.8
33.8
18.0
16.6
15.6
787
36
New
Haven
..................................
CT
17,689
18,951
12.5
87.5
58.7
26.8
2.0
0.0
1,234
15.4
2,473
7.7
14.9
15.6
18.3
13.2
11.1
643
45
Christina
......................................
DE
16,784
20,182
60.7
39.3
32.8
3.8
2.6
0.1
1,171
17.2
2,233
9.0
6.1
6.5
7.0
5.4
4.6
876
30
Red
Clay
Consolidated
...............
DE
14,372
15,517
54.8
45.2
30.6
11.8
2.7
0.1
884
17.6
1,598
9.7
6.0
5.1
7.8
6.7
4.0
631
26
District
of
Columbia
.....................
DC
81,301
78,648
3.9
96.1
87.3
7.2
1.4
0.1
5,288
14.9
9,318
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
2,696
184
Alachua
County
...........................
FL
25,495
29,648
57.1
42.9
37.2
3.3
2.2
0.2
1,630
18.2
3,885
7.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,250
44
Bay
County
..................................
FL
21,002
25,665
81.0
19.0
15.2
1.4
2.1
0.3
1,447
17.7
3,012
8.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,085
34
Brevard
County
...........................
FL
53,619
66,663
79.8
20.2
14.6
3.7
1.8
0.2
3,711
18.0
7,062
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
2,957
85
Broward
County
..........................
FL
148,739
218,608
47.4
52.6
35.3
14.4
2.6
0.3
10,341
21.1
20,338
10.7
 
 
 
 
 
8,623
193
Charlotte
County
.........................
FL
11,831
16,088
87.0
13.0
8.5
3.1
1.2
0.2
826
19.5
1,868
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
810
24
Clay
County
.................................
FL
20,847
25,940
86.2
13.8
9.0
2.6
2.0
0.2
1,360
19.1
2,588
10.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,183
29
Collier
County
..............................
FL
19,576
28,177
62.7
37.3
11.2
25.1
0.5
0.5
1,569
18.0
3,416
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
965
41
Dade
County
...............................
FL
279,420
341,117
13.5
86.5
33.6
51.5
1.3
0.1
17,241
19.8
33,013
10.3
 
 
 
 
 
14,290
322
Duval
County
...............................
FL
106,961
126,118
53.7
46.3
40.7
2.8
2.6
0.1
6,276
20.1
11,576
10.9
 
 
 
 
 
4,436
155
Escambia
County
........................
FL
41,967
45,744
60.4
39.6
35.1
1.2
2.7
0.6
2,470
18.5
5,147
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
2,127
81
Hernando
County
........................
FL
11,978
15,859
86.5
13.5
7.7
4.9
0.8
0.1
816
19.4
1,946
8.1
 
 
 
 
 
734
19
Hillsborough
County
....................
FL
119,810
147,826
56.0
44.0
24.1
17.6
2.0
0.3
8,735
16.9
17,652
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
5,874
164
Lake
County
................................
FL
20,095
26,131
75.3
24.7
17.8
5.8
0.8
0.2
1,366
19.1
2,914
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,078
42
Lee
County
..................................
FL
40,569
52,317
71.1
28.9
15.9
11.7
1.1
0.2
2,883
18.1
5,760
9.1
 
 
 
 
 
2,316
72
Leon
County
................................
FL
26,211
31,560
58.2
41.8
38.6
1.6
1.5
0.1
1,810
17.4
4,219
7.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,370
47
Manatee
County
..........................
FL
25,384
32,794
69.6
30.4
18.1
11.4
0.8
0.1
1,783
18.4
3,957
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
1,098
61
Marion
County
.............................
FL
27,702
36,242
71.5
28.5
22.1
5.5
0.7
0.2
2,052
17.7
4,456
8.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,493
49
Okaloosa
County
.........................
FL
25,524
30,067
80.6
19.4
12.8
3.0
3.2
0.4
1,602
18.8
3,306
9.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,576
37
Orange
County
............................
FL
96,244
129,143
50.7
49.3
28.5
17.2
3.4
0.3
7,053
18.3
15,397
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
6,067
160
Osceola
County
...........................
FL
17,769
27,376
58.9
41.1
9.5
28.6
2.8
0.2
1,334
20.5
3,083
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,175
32
Palm
Beach
County
....................
FL
98,705
137,585
53.8
46.2
29.6
14.3
2.0
0.4
7,258
19.0
14,873
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
5,703
135
Pasco
County
..............................
FL
32,164
43,461
88.9
11.1
4.0
5.8
1.1
0.2
2,447
17.8
5,506
7.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,709
47
Pinellas
County
...........................
FL
90,133
107,060
75.1
24.9
19.0
3.1
2.7
0.2
6,183
17.3
12,910
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
4,471
146
Polk
County
.................................
FL
63,503
74,808
67.1
32.9
23.4
8.4
0.9
0.2
4,186
17.9
8,883
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
2,840
124
Santa
Rosa
County
.....................
FL
15,181
20,668
91.4
8.6
5.4
1.2
1.5
0.5
1,123
18.4
2,090
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
888
30
Sarasota
County
.........................
FL
27,541
31,950
83.3
16.7
10.8
4.5
1.2
0.1
1,825
17.5
4,008
8.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,397
39
Seminole
County
.........................
FL
46,505
55,972
71.8
28.2
14.6
10.6
2.8
0.2
2,829
19.8
5,381
10.4
 
 
 
 
 
2,585
58
Saint
Johns
County
.....................
FL
11,473
16,374
85.6
14.4
11.7
1.8
0.8
0.2
1,012
16.2
1,942
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
662
26
Saint
Lucie
County
......................
FL
20,653
27,672
60.0
40.0
31.0
7.8
1.0
0.2
1,858
14.9
4,021
6.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,026
35
Volusia
County
............................
FL
45,697
58,004
75.6
24.4
16.3
6.9
1.0
0.2
3,370
17.2
7,295
8.0
 
 
 
 
 
2,577
79
Atlanta
City
..................................
GA
61,364
60,064
6.6
93.4
90.1
1.9
1.3
0.0
3,605
16.7
4,187
14.3
10.1
13.8
8.9
7.6
6.0
2,054
99
Bibb
County
.................................
GA
24,033
24,840
31.7
68.3
67.1
0.5
0.4
0.2
1,469
16.9
1,712
14.5
12.6
4.8
25.9
11.7
12.9
912
41
Chatham
County
.........................
GA
33,399
36,382
34.7
65.3
62.4
1.2
1.5
0.2
2,224
16.4
2,450
14.9
8.2
10.1
7.9
7.0
5.2
1,511
43
Cherokee
County
........................
GA
15,354
22,189
94.9
5.1
2.3
2.0
0.6
0.1
1,287
17.2
1,463
15.2
6.3
0.9
2.6
6.1
20.0
939
30
102
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Clayton
County
............................
GA
33,670
41,658
41.8
58.2
50.3
3.2
4.5
0.1
2,378
17.5
2,710
15.4
11.1
11.5
11.3
11.0
9.7
1,665
44
Cobb
County
...............................
GA
66,971
85,765
75.7
24.3
18.1
3.2
2.9
0.2
4,775
18.0
5,765
14.9
4.1
2.9
5.5
5.8
1.9
4,455
89
Columbia
County
.........................
GA
13,328
17,923
82.4
17.6
12.4
1.6
3.5
0.1
981
18.3
1,100
16.3
2.7
3.2
2.4
2.2
2.7
924
23
De
Kalb
County
...........................
GA
72,824
90,311
17.2
82.8
74.5
4.1
4.0
0.1
5,390
16.8
6,242
14.5
8.7
9.4
7.9
9.0
8.2
4,057
112
Dougherty
....................................
GA
18,882
17,802
22.6
77.4
76.7
0.4
0.3
0.1
1,025
17.4
1,163
15.3
15.8
18.4
15.9
11.3
14.8
834
25
Douglas
County
...........................
GA
13,679
16,012
82.0
18.0
16.0
1.0
0.6
0.5
968
16.5
1,109
14.4
3.2
2.7
4.2
3.7
2.3
874
21
Fayette
County
............................
GA
12,390
17,502
85.8
14.2
10.5
1.3
2.2
0.1
1,045
16.7
1,280
13.7
4.7
4.7
5.0
4.7
4.2
1,027
21
Fulton
County
..............................
GA
40,325
59,953
51.2
48.8
41.6
3.6
3.6
0.1
2,689
22.3
4,107
14.6
5.0
1.2
2.8
5.4
11.5
2,410
60
Gwinnett
County
..........................
GA
62,241
88,855
78.2
21.8
10.3
4.7
6.7
0.1
5,140
17.3
5,727
15.5
5.2
5.2
5.7
5.1
4.4
4,042
74
Hall
County
..................................
GA
13,350
17,571
82.3
17.7
5.7
10.9
0.9
0.2
1,032
17.0
1,204
14.6
11.6
3.4
18.0
12.2
19.1
714
25
Henry
County
..............................
GA
10,345
17,227
84.2
15.8
13.4
1.3
1.0
0.0
886
19.4
1,097
15.7
8.9
2.7
9.6
11.0
17.0
643
23
Houston
County
..........................
GA
15,574
19,956
66.1
33.9
31.3
1.1
1.4
0.2
1,162
17.2
1,461
13.7
7.7
10.1
8.0
7.0
3.8
1,057
29
Muscogee
County
.......................
GA
29,541
33,606
38.1
61.9
57.6
3.0
1.1
0.2
1,946
17.3
2,210
15.2
8.6
8.8
8.8
8.8
7.8
1,548
50
Richmond
County
........................
GA
32,386
36,826
32.2
67.8
64.9
1.9
1.0
0.1
2,111
17.4
2,330
15.8
10.1
11.9
8.9
9.3
9.2
1,597
57
Hawaii
Department
of
Education
HI
169,507
187,653
24.0
76.0
2.9
8.8
63.9
0.4
10,576
17.7
16,867
11.1
4.7
3.9
4.4
5.3
5.6
9,992
249
Boise
City
Independent
...............
ID
22,634
26,898
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,444
18.6
2,471
10.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,556
46
Meridian
Junction
........................
ID
14,228
19,624
 
 
 
 
 
 
968
20.3
1,676
11.7
 
 
 
 
 
994
25
City
of
Chicago
............................
IL
408,201
469,098
10.5
89.5
54.1
32.1
3.2
0.2
23,433
20.0
27,827
16.9
 
 
 
 
 
14,889
567
Community
Unit
300
...................
IL
10,818
16,505
79.6
20.4
3.7
15.0
1.2
0.4
787
21.0
913
18.1
 
 
 
 
 
702
20
Indian
Prairie
20
..........................
IL
6,875
17,091
84.1
15.9
6.1
3.0
5.7
1.0
840
20.3
976
17.5
 
 
 
 
 
537
20
Naperville
Community
Unit
District
203
...............................
IL
15,720
19,844
86.7
13.3
2.6
1.4
9.1
0.2
950
20.9
1,134
17.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,176
21
Peoria
..........................................
IL
17,095
19,684
44.8
55.2
51.5
2.0
1.7
0.1
990
19.9
1,138
17.3
 
 
 
 
 
869
45
Rockford
......................................
IL
26,757
31,995
60.5
39.5
27.1
9.2
3.0
0.2
1,662
19.3
2,029
15.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,179
51
Schaumburg
................................
IL
15,460
17,954
74.4
25.6
6.5
6.4
12.5
0.1
940
19.1
1,102
16.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
28
School
District
46
........................
IL
26,767
35,501
60.5
39.5
8.2
25.1
6.1
0.1
1,659
21.4
1,932
18.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,428
51
Springfield
...................................
IL
15,567
18,898
66.8
33.2
30.5
0.8
1.5
0.2
954
19.8
1,148
16.5
 
 
 
 
 
811
35
Waukegan
...................................
IL
11,528
15,275
19.6
80.4
27.8
49.7
2.8
0.1
725
21.1
857
17.8
 
 
 
 
 
463
23
Evansville­
Vanderburgh
School
Corporation
..............................
IN
22,832
23,763
84.3
15.7
14.4
0.5
0.6
0.2
1,438
16.5
2,858
8.3
4.1
1.3
4.2
6.5
4.6
1,352
40
Fort
Wayne
Community
..............
IN
31,843
31,727
69.2
30.8
24.8
3.9
1.7
0.3
1,749
18.1
3,490
9.1
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.0
3.9
1,668
53
Gary
Community
School
Corporation
..............................
IN
26,506
21,679
1.0
99.0
96.6
2.3
0.1
0.1
1,160
18.7
2,740
7.9
4.3
4.6
4.0
4.2
4.3
1,150
39
Indianapolis
.................................
IN
48,805
44,434
39.4
60.6
58.0
1.8
0.6
0.2
2,831
15.7
5,588
8.0
7.4
8.5
7.4
7.7
3.5
1,257
96
South
Bend
Community
School
Corporation
..............................
IN
21,539
20,966
57.7
42.3
33.2
7.1
1.5
0.5
1,245
16.8
2,812
7.5
4.5
2.1
4.2
8.1
3.8
1,119
36
Vigo
County
School
Corporation
IN
16,983
16,913
91.0
9.0
6.9
0.7
1.4
0.1
982
17.2
2,032
8.3
4.9
3.0
5.9
5.9
5.1
1,045
30
Cedar
Rapids
..............................
IA
17,014
17,949
88.4
11.6
7.4
1.6
2.2
0.4
1,013
17.7
1,982
9.1
2.6
0.9
2.0
4.2
3.6
880
33
Davenport
....................................
IA
17,693
17,627
73.9
26.1
16.6
5.7
2.5
1.3
1,157
15.2
2,002
8.8
4.9
2.1
4.5
7.4
6.0
926
36
Des
Moines
Independent
............
IA
29,760
31,484
74.4
25.6
14.5
5.2
5.2
0.7
2,015
15.6
3,842
8.2
3.8
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.2
1,623
65
Kansas
City
.................................
KS
22,374
21,456
30.7
69.3
54.0
12.2
2.9
0.3
1,417
15.1
2,876
7.5
10.2
14.6
9.7
7.7
5.7
992
47
Olathe
..........................................
KS
13,971
18,385
90.2
9.8
4.5
2.3
2.5
0.5
1,270
14.5
2,222
8.3
2.7
0.1
2.8
3.9
4.6
965
34
Shawnee
Mission
........................
KS
29,845
31,633
90.5
9.5
3.5
3.1
2.5
0.3
1,959
16.1
3,541
8.9
3.4
1.5
4.0
3.9
4.5
1,945
57
Wichita
.........................................
KS
45,835
46,391
58.9
41.1
22.7
11.3
5.0
2.0
2,684
17.3
5,103
9.1
9.5
7.7
9.8
9.4
11.8
2,012
96
Fayette
County
............................
KY
31,191
32,830
73.3
26.7
23.4
1.0
2.2
0.1
2,124
15.5
2,337
14.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,545
63
Jefferson
County
.........................
KY
91,353
91,878
66.3
33.7
31.7
0.6
1.1
0.2
5,469
16.8
6,060
15.2
 
 
 
 
 
5,017
153
Bossier
Parish
School
Board
......
LA
17,814
19,063
67.5
32.5
29.1
1.8
1.3
0.3
1,047
18.2
2,066
9.2
6.6
7.4
6.7
6.7
5.1
825
30
Caddo
Parish
School
Board
.......
LA
52,309
49,577
38.0
62.0
60.9
0.5
0.5
0.1
2,922
17.0
6,248
7.9
10.2
12.4
8.8
9.7
7.9
2,275
74
Calcasieu
Parish
School
Board
..
LA
32,726
35,782
67.7
32.3
31.2
0.4
0.5
0.1
2,144
16.7
4,362
8.2
6.9
7.0
8.0
5.9
6.3
1,741
60
East
Baton
Rouge
Parish
School
Board
.......................................
LA
60,279
61,499
34.7
65.3
62.7
0.5
2.2
0.0
3,622
17.0
6,894
8.9
14.0
15.6
13.9
11.3
14.3
2,800
102
Iberia
Parish
School
Board
.........
LA
15,279
16,340
56.4
43.6
39.8
0.5
3.2
0.1
982
16.6
1,914
8.5
11.1
10.3
11.0
8.0
16.9
601
33
Jefferson
Parish
School
Board
...
LA
57,663
55,876
46.0
54.0
42.9
6.5
4.1
0.5
3,438
16.3
7,060
7.9
18.9
21.4
18.1
16.6
18.6
2,393
83
103
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Lafayette
Parish
School
Board
...
LA
28,392
31,287
63.8
36.2
34.2
0.7
1.1
0.1
1,855
16.9
3,401
9.2
8.7
12.2
8.1
7.5
5.0
1,407
41
Lafourche
Parish
School
Board
..
LA
16,494
17,100
73.5
26.5
21.2
0.6
1.2
3.4
1,148
14.9
2,043
8.4
6.9
6.4
8.0
6.4
6.7
802
28
Livingston
Parish
School
Board
..
LA
16,359
18,496
93.2
6.8
6.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
1,031
17.9
1,900
9.7
11.9
14.1
10.9
12.4
8.8
842
34
Orleans
Parish
School
Board
.....
LA
84,428
85,064
5.5
94.5
90.7
1.3
2.5
0.0
4,579
18.6
8,602
9.9
14.4
15.3
13.9
12.4
16.2
3,340
122
Ouachita
Parish
School
Board
....
LA
17,523
18,289
75.2
24.8
23.8
0.4
0.6
0.0
1,104
16.6
2,148
8.5
18.4
11.7
20.7
20.6
24.7
1,641
31
Rapides
Parish
School
Board
.....
LA
24,404
25,404
56.3
43.7
41.0
0.4
1.0
1.3
1,609
15.8
3,169
8.0
9.1
9.3
10.9
9.3
6.7
1,400
55
Saint
Landry
Parish
School
Board
.......................................
LA
17,379
18,552
45.0
55.0
54.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
1,086
17.1
2,219
8.4
6.7
9.3
7.5
5.3
3.3
787
37
Saint
Tammany
Parish
School
Board
.......................................
LA
28,055
33,100
83.7
16.3
14.7
0.8
0.7
0.1
2,102
15.7
4,075
8.1
9.4
11.1
8.8
8.4
8.7
1,642
49
Tangipahoa
Parish
School
Board
LA
17,266
19,431
54.4
45.6
44.4
0.6
0.4
0.0
1,020
19.1
2,077
9.4
21.6
17.9
26.3
21.0
23.0
863
37
Terrebonne
Parish
School
Board
LA
21,331
22,179
64.2
35.8
26.2
0.6
1.1
7.9
1,233
18.0
2,282
9.7
11.7
13.4
12.4
11.2
8.3
911
43
Anne
Arundel
County
Public
Schools
....................................
MD
64,104
72,322
77.9
22.1
18.1
1.6
2.2
0.2
4,064
17.8
7,094
10.2
 
 
 
 
 
3,569
111
Baltimore
City
Public
School
System
.....................................
MD
107,782
108,759
13.4
86.6
85.1
0.4
0.6
0.5
6,259
17.4
10,020
10.9
 
 
 
 
 
3,827
179
Baltimore
County
.........................
MD
84,133
104,073
68.7
31.3
26.5
1.2
3.4
0.2
6,442
16.2
11,531
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
5,510
160
Carroll
County
.............................
MD
21,244
26,231
96.0
4.0
2.3
0.7
0.9
0.2
1,408
18.6
2,428
10.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,421
33
Board
of
Education,
Charles
County
.....................................
MD
18,299
21,159
68.8
31.2
26.9
1.3
1.9
1.1
1,161
18.2
1,939
10.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,235
32
Frederick
County
Board
of
Education
.................................
MD
26,173
33,749
88.7
11.3
7.9
1.7
1.6
0.2
2,008
16.8
3,472
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,968
50
Harford
County
............................
MD
30,217
37,709
83.3
16.7
12.7
1.7
1.8
0.5
2,244
16.8
3,896
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,813
52
Howard
County
Public
Schools
System
.....................................
MD
28,874
38,857
73.9
26.1
16.3
1.8
7.9
0.1
2,457
15.8
4,352
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
2,304
59
Montgomery
County
....................
MD
100,261
122,505
54.7
45.3
19.8
12.5
12.6
0.4
7,208
17.0
13,765
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
6,765
182
Prince
George's
County
Public
Schools
....................................
MD
106,974
125,198
16.7
83.3
73.4
5.7
3.8
0.4
6,996
17.9
13,472
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
6,751
179
Board
of
Education,
Washington
County
.....................................
MD
17,424
19,896
91.9
8.1
5.9
1.1
1.1
0.1
1,219
16.3
2,034
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,128
44
Boston
.........................................
MA
59,597
63,239
16.9
83.1
48.4
25.2
9.2
0.4
4,076
15.5
8,444
7.5
7.2
7.1
7.6
8.1
5.7
3,001
124
Brockton
......................................
MA
14,738
15,461
48.6
51.4
35.3
12.4
3.3
0.5
961
16.1
1,800
8.6
7.3
5.2
11.5
7.2
3.3
549
24
Lowell
..........................................
MA
13,414
15,759
45.2
54.8
3.4
21.8
29.5
0.1
1,087
14.5
1,788
8.8
2.6
1.9
4.2
1.8
1.7
454
29
Springfield
...................................
MA
23,614
24,422
28.1
71.9
30.3
39.5
2.0
0.1
2,038
12.0
3,786
6.5
2.9
3.4
3.4
2.1
1.6
805
46
Worcester
....................................
MA
21,081
23,728
57.1
42.9
9.4
26.0
6.9
0.6
1,891
12.5
3,308
7.2
7.4
5.2
8.3
8.6
7.8
808
49
Ann
Arbor
....................................
MI
13,640
15,587
70.9
29.1
17.6
2.2
8.9
0.4
809
19.3
1,740
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
832
32
Dearborn
City
..............................
MI
12,950
15,593
95.5
4.5
1.3
2.1
0.9
0.3
918
17.0
1,726
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
832
29
Detroit
City
..................................
MI
175,329
182,316
5.2
94.8
90.7
2.8
1.0
0.2
8,808
20.7
22,077
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
6,056
279
Flint
City
......................................
MI
28,701
26,335
25.0
75.0
69.9
2.3
0.3
2.6
1,404
18.8
2,967
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
914
48
Grand
Rapids
City
.......................
MI
26,063
28,282
40.8
59.2
41.7
14.2
2.0
1.3
1,392
20.3
3,267
8.7
 
 
 
 
 
781
100
Lansing
Public
.............................
MI
21,407
19,413
47.0
53.0
34.0
12.6
5.2
1.2
1,066
18.2
2,440
8.0
 
 
 
 
 
691
45
Livonia
.........................................
MI
16,115
18,100
95.7
4.3
1.6
0.8
1.5
0.3
906
20.0
1,935
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,171
36
Plymouth­
Canton
Community
Schools
....................................
MI
14,934
15,800
91.2
8.8
2.6
1.0
4.7
0.5
739
21.4
1,606
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
935
22
Utica
Community
.........................
MI
24,486
25,635
96.2
3.8
1.0
0.5
2.2
0.2
1,182
21.7
2,416
10.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,599
41
Wayne­
Westland
Community
......
MI
16,600
15,151
84.7
15.3
11.9
1.5
0.9
1.0
693
21.9
1,394
10.9
 
 
 
 
 
674
26
Anoka­
Hennepin
..........................
MN
33,562
39,874
93.4
6.6
2.0
1.1
2.4
1.2
2,201
18.1
3,833
10.4
5.4
1.1
4.8
8.0
8.3
2,075
50
Minneapolis
.................................
MN
36,385
47,978
35.0
65.0
41.2
5.0
12.6
6.3
3,080
15.6
5,515
8.7
18.2
18.0
17.1
18.1
19.9
1,617
144
Osseo
..........................................
MN
18,966
21,664
82.2
17.8
10.1
1.4
5.6
0.6
1,197
18.1
2,009
10.8
5.9
0.6
5.6
8.8
9.4
1,213
31
Rochester
....................................
MN
13,258
15,544
85.2
14.8
4.3
2.2
8.2
0.3
848
18.3
1,547
10.0
4.6
1.6
5.3
7.1
4.3
898
29
Rosemount­
Apple
Valley­
Eagan
MN
17,185
26,566
90.4
9.6
3.3
1.3
4.5
0.5
1,559
17.0
3,102
8.6
3.0
0.6
2.5
3.9
5.7
1,334
36
St.
Paul
........................................
MN
31,852
43,766
42.9
57.1
21.5
7.2
26.7
1.7
2,203
19.9
3,471
12.6
12.5
5.2
11.5
16.2
18.6
1,596
139
Desoto
County
............................
MS
13,099
16,625
81.3
18.7
16.5
1.4
0.3
0.3
853
19.5
1,699
9.8
4.3
4.7
4.1
3.0
5.0
686
21
Jackson
Public
............................
MS
33,330
32,636
11.1
88.9
88.3
0.2
0.4
0.1
1,808
18.0
4,215
7.7
8.6
11.2
8.1
7.2
5.1
1,330
58
Columbia
.....................................
MO
12,539
15,605
77.9
22.1
16.6
1.2
3.9
0.4
1,052
14.8
1,356
11.5
9.2
2.1
15.1
9.6
8.6
771
30
104
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Francis
Howell
.............................
MO
12,836
18,106
93.8
6.2
5.0
0.4
0.6
0.2
1,097
16.5
1,390
13.0
6.0
5.8
7.1
6.4
4.4
965
15
Hazelwood
...................................
MO
17,175
18,511
60.7
39.3
37.4
0.7
1.1
0.1
1,034
17.9
1,281
14.5
4.3
3.4
5.0
4.6
4.1
1,122
25
Kansas
City
.................................
MO
34,640
38,521
20.1
79.9
71.5
6.0
2.0
0.3
2,645
14.6
3,488
11.0
11.2
12.3
12.7
11.0
6.6
1,132
83
North
Kansas
City
.......................
MO
15,617
16,941
92.1
7.9
3.5
2.5
1.6
0.4
1,072
15.8
1,305
13.0
7.5
5.5
5.2
9.8
10.0
920
29
Parkway
.......................................
MO
22,379
21,483
74.7
25.3
18.1
0.9
6.1
0.1
1,248
17.2
1,592
13.5
2.1
1.7
2.4
2.7
1.5
1,530
28
Rockwood
....................................
MO
14,657
19,871
83.3
16.7
14.3
0.5
1.8
0.1
1,109
17.9
1,403
14.2
3.7
2.9
4.0
4.7
3.6
1,131
26
Springfield
...................................
MO
23,248
25,207
92.0
8.0
4.1
1.6
1.7
0.6
1,483
17.0
2,057
12.3
8.1
5.1
8.4
10.3
9.1
1,434
57
St.
Louis
City
...............................
MO
44,056
44,620
18.0
82.0
79.7
0.7
1.6
0.1
3,205
13.9
4,471
10.0
22.4
27.0
24.1
17.5
11.5
1,084
111
Lincoln
.........................................
NE
27,356
30,691
87.7
12.3
5.2
2.6
3.3
1.2
2,124
14.5
4,223
7.3
7.0
1.2
4.6
10.1
13.1
1,699
53
Millard
..........................................
NE
16,244
18,647
95.7
4.3
1.1
1.3
1.7
0.3
1,090
17.1
1,962
9.5
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.3
4.9
1,114
29
Omaha
.........................................
NE
41,251
44,761
59.6
40.4
29.8
7.7
1.3
1.5
2,853
15.7
5,512
8.1
10.9
8.8
15.4
11.1
6.5
2,131
82
Clark
County
...............................
NV
111,460
179,106
58.4
41.6
13.8
21.4
5.5
0.9
8,875
20.2
14,752
12.1
11.1
4.2
6.8
12.7
24.6
7,063
211
Washoe
County
...........................
NV
36,662
49,671
72.7
27.3
3.5
16.4
4.8
2.6
2,842
17.5
4,962
10.0
8.2
2.4
5.2
10.6
17.8
2,032
83
Manchester
..................................
NH
13,912
16,265
91.1
8.9
2.4
4.0
1.9
0.5
851
19.1
1,367
11.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,304
23
Camden
City
...............................
NJ
18,999
19,841
3.1
96.9
57.8
36.7
2.3
0.1
1,512
13.1
3,584
5.5
 
 
 
 
 
688
33
Elizabeth
City
..............................
NJ
14,955
17,056
16.6
83.4
28.7
51.9
2.7
0.1
1,247
13.7
2,472
6.9
 
 
 
 
 
725
25
Jersey
City
..................................
NJ
27,788
31,666
9.2
90.8
42.3
37.3
10.5
0.6
2,133
14.8
4,169
7.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,047
37
Newark
City
.................................
NJ
48,573
45,805
8.6
91.4
63.4
27.2
0.8
0.0
3,538
12.9
7,689
6.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,413
80
Paterson
City
...............................
NJ
21,671
23,408
6.6
93.4
41.3
50.1
2.0
0.0
1,666
14.1
3,239
7.2
 
 
 
 
 
632
35
Toms
River
Regional
..................
NJ
16,055
16,854
94.1
5.9
2.1
2.2
1.5
0.1
1,058
15.9
2,007
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,069
16
Albuquerque
................................
NM
86,370
89,092
44.2
55.8
3.6
46.2
1.8
4.1
5,631
15.8
10,545
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
4,358
124
Las
Cruces
..................................
NM
18,688
22,523
34.3
65.7
2.3
60.6
1.1
1.7
1,396
16.1
2,675
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,049
34
Buffalo
City
..................................
NY
46,689
47,845
33.1
66.9
54.0
10.4
1.3
1.2
3,200
14.9
5,831
8.2
6.4
4.6
7.5
8.0
6.0
1,905
73
New
York
City
.............................
NY
930,440
1,063,561
16.1
83.9
36.1
37.3
10.0
0.5
57,338
18.5
110,709
9.6
5.7
2.9
6.2
11.1
2.5
38,075
1,120
Rochester
City
.............................
NY
31,930
37,912
19.6
80.4
60.2
17.7
2.2
0.3
2,584
14.7
4,337
8.7
7.1
5.5
8.7
10.3
4.2
935
58
Syracuse
City
..............................
NY
21,811
23,760
49.6
50.4
42.7
4.9
1.7
1.2
1,682
14.1
3,917
6.1
5.4
4.1
7.1
7.3
3.4
806
36
Yonkers
City
................................
NY
17,992
23,655
24.2
75.8
30.1
41.2
4.5
0.1
1,471
16.1
2,823
8.4
3.7
3.3
3.4
5.2
3.5
811
36
Alamance­
Burlington
...................
NC
10,330
18,943
68.4
31.6
26.7
3.7
1.0
0.2
1,135
16.7
2,157
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
895
31
Buncombe
County
.......................
NC
21,821
24,547
91.7
8.3
5.8
1.2
0.8
0.5
1,429
17.2
2,801
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,232
36
Cabarrus
County
.........................
NC
12,463
16,497
83.5
16.5
13.5
2.2
0.6
0.3
1,005
16.4
1,811
9.1
 
 
 
 
 
777
20
Charlotte­
Mecklenburg
................
NC
75,903
93,533
52.2
47.8
41.2
2.4
3.7
0.5
5,523
16.9
10,602
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
4,156
130
Cumberland
County
....................
NC
44,327
51,035
46.1
53.9
45.8
4.8
1.6
1.6
2,918
17.5
5,578
9.1
 
 
 
 
 
2,481
72
Davidson
County
.........................
NC
16,155
18,099
96.6
3.4
2.2
0.4
0.5
0.3
1,025
17.7
1,927
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
925
26
Durham
........................................
NC
18,046
29,050
37.9
62.1
57.4
2.4
2.0
0.3
1,972
14.7
4,056
7.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,334
44
Forsyth
County
............................
NC
37,842
41,851
57.7
42.3
38.0
3.0
1.0
0.2
2,674
15.7
4,545
9.2
 
 
 
 
 
2,058
58
Gaston
County
............................
NC
30,064
29,708
78.2
21.8
19.6
0.7
1.4
0.2
1,823
16.3
3,157
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,394
53
Guilford
County
...........................
NC
23,981
58,736
55.8
44.2
39.0
1.5
3.0
0.7
3,656
16.1
7,025
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
2,887
95
Johnston
County
.........................
NC
14,547
17,504
72.1
27.9
22.5
4.8
0.3
0.3
1,139
15.4
2,144
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
828
27
Nash­
Rocky
Mount
......................
NC
11,680
17,932
41.8
58.2
54.5
2.6
0.9
0.3
1,113
16.1
2,171
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
863
27
New
Hanover
County
..................
NC
18,919
21,603
68.2
31.8
29.7
0.8
0.9
0.4
1,295
16.7
2,681
8.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,144
30
Onslow
County
............................
NC
17,996
20,880
67.6
32.4
25.9
3.7
2.1
0.8
1,176
17.8
2,260
9.2
 
 
 
 
 
935
29
Pitt
County
...................................
NC
17,303
19,613
47.7
52.3
50.0
1.3
0.9
0.1
1,238
15.8
2,274
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
927
30
Randolph
County
........................
NC
13,546
15,751
91.7
8.3
5.1
2.4
0.4
0.4
917
17.2
1,913
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
704
23
Robeson
County
.........................
NC
23,658
23,762
23.3
76.7
30.9
1.2
0.3
44.4
1,503
15.8
2,936
8.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,068
41
Rowan­
Salisbury
.........................
NC
16,313
19,349
74.2
25.8
22.7
1.8
1.1
0.3
1,211
16.0
2,306
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
939
28
Union
County
..............................
NC
12,623
19,177
76.7
23.3
20.3
2.1
0.5
0.3
1,143
16.8
2,177
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
838
30
Wake
County
...............................
NC
62,474
85,735
67.9
32.1
26.6
2.2
3.1
0.2
5,166
16.6
9,326
9.2
 
 
 
 
 
3,870
102
Wayne
County
.............................
NC
13,407
19,279
52.0
48.0
44.1
2.9
0.9
0.1
1,124
17.2
2,239
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
971
27
Akron
City
....................................
OH
33,230
31,992
51.5
48.5
45.9
0.5
2.0
0.1
2,308
13.9
5,023
6.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,466
62
Cincinnati
City
.............................
OH
50,842
50,396
30.1
69.9
68.6
0.3
0.8
0.1
2,878
17.5
4,948
10.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,246
82
Cleveland
City
.............................
OH
69,799
74,026
20.6
79.4
70.4
7.7
1.0
0.3
4,196
17.6
7,634
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,665
122
Columbus
City
.............................
OH
63,749
63,894
42.1
57.9
54.4
0.9
2.4
0.2
3,830
16.7
7,286
8.8
6.6
4.8
6.1
6.0
11.6
2,444
146
Dayton
City
..................................
OH
27,662
26,762
31.1
68.9
67.8
0.5
0.5
0.1
1,699
15.8
3,154
8.5
 
 
 
 
 
795
50
105
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
South­
Western
City
.....................
OH
16,441
19,000
90.9
9.1
7.0
0.7
1.3
0.1
1,072
17.7
1,891
10.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,005
29
Toledo
City
..................................
OH
40,617
39,712
49.3
50.7
43.7
6.2
0.8
0.1
2,534
15.7
4,613
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,735
66
Edmond
.......................................
OK
12,519
16,182
87.4
12.6
5.2
1.9
2.2
3.3
917
17.7
1,628
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
824
21
Lawton
.........................................
OK
17,898
18,501
54.2
45.8
29.9
8.0
2.6
5.3
1,046
17.7
2,389
7.7
 
 
 
 
 
954
42
Midwest/
Del
City
.........................
OK
15,744
15,675
67.0
33.0
22.0
2.9
2.2
5.8
882
17.8
1,652
9.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,005
26
Moore
..........................................
OK
16,320
18,243
77.2
22.8
3.9
3.8
3.4
11.7
1,114
16.4
2,073
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,131
27
Oklahoma
City
.............................
OK
38,092
39,827
36.3
63.7
39.7
16.0
2.8
5.3
2,238
17.8
5,149
7.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,128
86
Putnam
City
.................................
OK
17,716
19,079
76.4
23.6
12.4
4.3
3.6
3.3
1,097
17.4
1,791
10.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,016
27
Tulsa
............................................
OK
40,919
41,644
51.2
48.8
34.3
5.1
1.3
8.2
2,461
16.9
5,400
7.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,702
80
Beaverton
....................................
OR
23,443
30,027
80.4
19.6
2.1
6.5
10.2
0.8
1,370
21.9
2,520
11.9
8.0
2.4
5.8
10.1
14.8
1,557
42
Eugene
........................................
OR
17,368
18,717
88.2
11.8
2.1
3.7
3.9
2.0
829
22.6
1,677
11.2
7.3
5.1
7.6
8.1
8.8
1,139
46
Hillsboro
......................................
OR
 
15,963
78.7
21.3
1.1
15.2
4.4
0.5
756
21.1
1,762
9.1
 
 
 
 
 
777
27
Portland
.......................................
OR
51,825
56,856
68.6
31.4
15.2
5.5
8.4
2.3
2,910
19.5
5,429
10.5
10.3
8.2
8.4
10.3
15.5
2,795
101
Salem/
Keizer
...............................
OR
26,930
32,491
82.7
17.3
1.3
12.0
2.6
1.4
1,430
22.7
2,854
11.4
9.0
4.9
7.3
8.4
16.7
1,635
53
Allentown
City
.............................
PA
13,396
15,491
47.3
52.7
12.6
37.6
2.4
0.1
753
20.6
1,466
10.6
7.4
3.1
7.3
9.4
11.4
708
23
Philadelphia
City
.........................
PA
189,451
212,150
19.8
80.2
63.8
11.6
4.7
0.2
11,144
19.0
23,216
9.1
11.7
10.7
12.7
12.9
11.2
9,009
259
Pittsburgh
....................................
PA
39,559
39,955
42.6
57.4
55.6
0.4
1.4
0.1
2,687
14.9
5,441
7.3
6.7
5.2
7.8
7.2
7.3
2,140
89
Providence
..................................
RI
20,429
24,535
24.1
75.9
23.1
41.2
11.0
0.6
1,482
16.6
2,340
10.5
6.7
6.7
8.6
5.3
5.1
829
45
Aiken
County
...............................
SC
23,300
24,588
64.5
35.5
33.9
0.9
0.5
0.1
1,320
18.6
1,516
16.2
4.4
6.0
4.3
4.2
2.1
1,242
37
Berkeley
County
..........................
SC
27,080
26,106
63.4
36.6
33.1
1.3
1.8
0.4
1,465
17.8
1,674
15.6
2.3
2.0
2.7
2.4
2.4
1,238
35
Charleston
County
......................
SC
42,893
43,457
39.2
60.8
58.6
1.0
1.0
0.1
2,798
15.5
3,139
13.8
1.9
1.6
2.9
1.5
1.3
1,692
72
Dorchester
...................................
SC
13,267
15,367
73.0
27.0
24.9
0.8
1.0
0.4
878
17.5
972
15.8
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.5
2.7
825
15
Greenville
County
........................
SC
50,876
55,893
71.1
28.9
26.5
1.2
1.1
0.1
3,456
16.2
3,902
14.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.6
0.8
2,860
92
Horry
County
...............................
SC
23,713
26,114
69.8
30.2
28.5
0.7
0.8
0.3
1,729
15.1
1,950
13.4
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.1
1,281
38
Pickens
County
...........................
SC
14,449
15,417
89.7
10.3
8.9
0.5
0.8
0.1
923
16.7
1,048
14.7
3.7
3.4
3.5
5.6
2.1
735
25
Richland
#
2
.................................
SC
12,362
15,313
21.5
78.5
76.8
1.0
0.7
0.1
987
15.5
1,096
14.0
2.1
1.7
2.1
1.9
2.8
867
17
Richland
#
1
.................................
SC
26,966
27,102
49.6
50.4
45.1
2.7
2.4
0.2
2,022
13.4
2,287
11.9
2.6
3.2
2.5
2.4
1.9
1,296
51
Sioux
Falls
...................................
SD
15,455
18,175
90.6
9.4
3.2
1.2
2.0
3.0
1,089
16.7
1,954
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
922
37
Chattanooga
City
........................
TN
21,385
19,938
34.5
65.5
63.2
0.5
1.7
0.0
1,257
15.9
2,432
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
922
37
Hamilton
County
..........................
TN
22,654
23,589
93.9
6.1
4.2
0.7
1.1
0.1
1,413
16.7
2,230
10.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,289
43
Knox
County
................................
TN
50,087
51,224
84.5
15.5
13.3
0.7
1.4
0.1
3,404
15.0
6,204
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,816
84
Memphis
City
..............................
TN
105,604
111,156
14.4
85.6
82.5
0.6
1.3
1.2
6,351
17.5
11,367
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
4,598
164
Montgomery
County
....................
TN
16,066
22,280
69.0
31.0
25.1
3.6
2.0
0.3
1,283
17.4
2,343
9.5
 
 
 
 
 
990
26
Nashville­
Davidson
......................
TN
67,352
69,888
51.1
48.9
42.4
1.8
3.9
0.8
4,504
15.5
7,985
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
2,832
124
Rutherford
County
.......................
TN
17,518
22,680
88.1
11.9
8.7
1.1
1.9
0.2
1,262
18.0
2,064
11.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,335
27
Shelby
County
.............................
TN
36,180
46,454
76.0
24.0
20.6
1.2
1.9
0.3
2,490
18.7
4,493
10.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,450
44
Sumner
County
...........................
TN
19,605
21,864
92.1
7.9
6.5
0.7
0.5
0.2
1,337
16.4
2,485
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,372
34
Williamson
County
......................
TN
11,144
16,471
93.3
6.7
4.4
0.9
1.3
0.1
947
17.4
1,674
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,039
25
Abilene
ISD
.................................
TX
18,690
19,562
60.6
39.4
11.0
26.6
1.5
0.3
1,464
13.4
2,518
7.8
 
 
 
 
 
812
42
Aldine
ISD
...................................
TX
39,133
47,242
17.5
82.5
36.0
42.7
3.7
0.1
3,048
15.5
5,741
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,627
49
Alief
ISD
......................................
TX
28,408
38,383
17.9
82.1
34.2
29.1
18.8
0.1
2,344
16.4
4,148
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
1,251
34
Amarillo
ISD
................................
TX
26,983
29,566
58.4
41.6
9.9
28.5
2.9
0.3
1,865
15.9
3,216
9.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,350
50
Arlington
ISD
...............................
TX
42,352
53,343
58.9
41.1
16.9
17.1
6.5
0.7
3,225
16.5
5,270
10.1
 
 
 
 
 
2,334
63
Austin
ISD
...................................
TX
63,886
76,054
37.7
62.3
18.0
41.7
2.2
0.3
4,645
16.4
7,880
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
2,865
100
Beaumont
ISD
.............................
TX
20,675
19,999
25.6
74.4
65.3
6.5
2.4
0.1
1,351
14.8
2,363
8.5
 
 
 
 
 
777
33
Birdville
ISD
.................................
TX
18,019
20,398
80.6
19.4
2.9
11.4
4.9
0.2
1,245
16.4
2,113
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
944
34
Brownsville
ISD
...........................
TX
36,538
40,494
3.1
96.9
0.1
96.6
0.2
0.0
2,687
15.1
5,439
7.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,674
41
Carrollton­
Farmers
Branch
ISD
..
TX
15,833
21,283
53.9
46.1
8.5
25.2
11.9
0.5
1,350
15.8
2,156
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
943
33
Clear
Creek
ISD
..........................
TX
21,334
27,552
74.0
26.0
6.6
10.8
8.3
0.3
1,579
17.5
2,626
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,354
29
Conroe
ISD
.................................
TX
22,234
29,599
78.7
21.3
5.7
13.9
1.5
0.2
2,003
14.8
3,600
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,576
39
Corpus
Christi
ISD
......................
TX
41,277
41,606
25.1
74.9
6.0
67.7
0.9
0.4
2,465
16.9
4,471
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
1,814
63
Cypress­
Fairbanks
ISD
...............
TX
38,920
52,930
65.8
34.2
8.9
17.8
7.3
0.2
3,185
16.6
5,613
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
2,426
49
Dallas
ISD
...................................
TX
132,256
154,847
11.0
89.0
41.5
45.5
1.7
0.4
9,202
16.8
15,717
9.9
 
 
 
 
 
4,910
211
106
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Ector
County
ISD
........................
TX
26,366
28,709
43.7
56.3
4.9
50.4
0.7
0.4
1,724
16.7
3,080
9.3
 
 
 
 
 
1,158
44
Edinburg
ISD
...............................
TX
15,089
19,153
4.1
95.9
0.1
95.5
0.2
0.1
1,203
15.9
2,477
7.7
 
 
 
 
 
807
27
El
Paso
ISD
.................................
TX
64,047
64,444
18.0
82.0
4.5
76.2
1.1
0.1
4,044
15.9
7,378
8.7
 
 
 
 
 
2,811
81
Fort
Bend
ISD
.............................
TX
33,647
46,881
43.2
56.8
27.5
15.8
13.3
0.1
2,573
18.2
4,629
10.1
 
 
 
 
 
2,300
45
Fort
Worth
ISD
............................
TX
69,396
75,813
25.9
74.1
33.2
38.4
2.3
0.2
4,277
17.7
7,769
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
2,262
130
Galena
Park
ISD
.........................
TX
15,278
17,610
25.0
75.0
20.5
52.1
2.3
0.1
1,017
17.3
1,718
10.2
 
 
 
 
 
820
20
Garland
ISD
................................
TX
36,158
44,869
58.0
42.0
14.5
21.4
5.4
0.6
2,628
17.1
4,469
10.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,904
62
Goose
Creek
ISD
........................
TX
17,150
17,921
46.2
53.8
17.2
35.6
0.8
0.1
1,098
16.3
1,956
9.2
 
 
 
 
 
789
25
Grand
Prairie
ISD
........................
TX
16,464
18,383
42.5
57.5
12.7
40.2
3.8
0.8
1,116
16.5
1,807
10.2
 
 
 
 
 
750
28
Harlandale
ISD
............................
TX
15,039
15,148
6.8
93.2
0.5
92.4
0.2
0.1
963
15.7
1,862
8.1
 
 
 
 
 
561
25
Harlingen
Cons
ISD
....................
TX
14,498
16,156
14.1
85.9
0.8
84.4
0.6
0.0
977
16.5
1,916
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
697
22
Houston
ISD
................................
TX
191,282
209,375
11.1
88.9
34.3
51.8
2.8
0.1
11,853
17.7
20,741
10.1
 
 
 
 
 
6,311
286
Humble
ISD
.................................
TX
18,835
22,650
79.2
20.8
8.3
9.8
2.6
0.1
1,503
15.1
2,703
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,309
30
Hurst­
Euless­
Bedford
ISD
...........
TX
17,542
19,204
76.7
23.3
6.2
9.8
6.5
0.8
1,196
16.1
2,046
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,052
28
Irving
ISD
....................................
TX
22,639
26,714
43.4
56.6
13.9
36.0
6.0
0.7
1,673
16.0
2,751
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,052
33
Judson
ISD
..................................
TX
12,883
15,460
44.1
55.9
22.4
30.3
2.9
0.2
1,021
15.1
1,856
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
740
20
Katy
ISD
......................................
TX
18,385
26,597
78.7
21.3
4.7
12.4
4.1
0.1
1,579
16.8
2,768
9.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,231
26
Killeen
ISD
..................................
TX
22,854
28,414
41.1
58.9
37.8
16.1
4.4
0.5
1,856
15.3
3,543
8.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,064
39
Klein
ISD
.....................................
TX
25,088
29,892
67.6
32.4
11.7
13.6
6.8
0.3
1,841
16.2
3,465
8.6
 
 
 
 
 
1,619
27
Laredo
ISD
..................................
TX
23,161
22,987
1.6
98.4
0.1
98.2
0.1
0.0
1,403
16.4
3,197
7.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,237
29
Lewisville
ISD
..............................
TX
19,554
30,243
82.4
17.6
5.4
9.2
2.5
0.4
2,019
15.0
2,969
10.2
 
 
 
 
 
1,419
39
Lubbock
ISD
................................
TX
30,908
30,081
44.4
55.6
14.1
40.2
1.1
0.2
2,066
14.6
3,328
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,672
59
McAllen
ISD
................................
TX
21,169
21,704
11.4
88.6
0.3
86.7
1.5
0.1
1,427
15.2
2,747
7.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,233
31
Mesquite
ISD
...............................
TX
24,649
29,971
70.6
29.4
11.8
13.5
3.7
0.4
1,674
17.9
2,884
10.4
 
 
 
 
 
1,394
38
Midland
ISD
.................................
TX
20,276
23,284
51.9
48.1
10.2
36.6
0.9
0.3
1,378
16.9
2,471
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
992
35
North
East
ISD
............................
TX
39,622
45,184
54.2
45.8
8.9
34.4
2.4
0.1
2,949
15.3
5,435
8.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,502
55
Northside
ISD
..............................
TX
49,447
59,284
40.6
59.4
6.8
50.3
2.1
0.2
3,789
15.6
6,814
8.7
 
 
 
 
 
3,142
77
Pasadena
ISD
.............................
TX
36,637
40,512
36.7
63.3
5.3
54.1
3.6
0.3
2,342
17.3
4,137
9.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,680
52
Pharr­
San
Juan­
Alamo
ISD
........
TX
18,062
20,362
1.7
98.3
0.1
98.1
0.1
0.0
1,274
16.0
2,778
7.3
 
 
 
 
 
935
29
Plano
ISD
....................................
TX
29,554
40,864
77.2
22.8
5.7
7.3
9.6
0.2
2,611
15.7
4,056
10.1
 
 
 
 
 
2,085
49
Richardson
ISD
...........................
TX
32,229
34,141
57.0
43.0
19.7
14.2
8.8
0.3
2,187
15.6
3,531
9.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,842
52
Round
Rock
ISD
.........................
TX
18,735
26,371
73.3
26.7
6.3
15.2
4.9
0.3
1,752
15.0
2,887
9.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,358
33
San
Angelo
ISD
..........................
TX
16,346
17,354
50.2
49.8
6.0
42.7
1.0
0.2
1,098
15.8
1,847
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
806
29
San
Antonio
ISD
.........................
TX
61,156
61,361
5.2
94.8
10.8
83.7
0.2
0.1
3,692
16.6
6,854
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,669
109
Socorro
ISD
.................................
TX
12,998
21,098
9.3
90.7
1.2
89.0
0.4
0.1
1,302
16.2
2,352
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
854
21
Spring
Branch
ISD
......................
TX
26,044
29,881
40.8
59.2
6.5
44.6
7.9
0.1
1,900
15.7
3,513
8.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,269
37
Spring
ISD
...................................
TX
17,917
21,044
53.2
46.8
21.2
19.4
5.8
0.3
1,337
15.7
2,415
8.7
 
 
 
 
 
894
23
Tyler
ISD
.....................................
TX
16,069
16,511
42.6
57.4
36.2
20.2
0.9
0.1
1,081
15.3
1,965
8.4
 
 
 
 
 
769
29
United
ISD
...................................
TX
11,478
21,387
4.4
95.6
0.1
94.8
0.6
0.1
1,289
16.6
2,529
8.5
 
 
 
 
 
853
31
Waco
ISD
....................................
TX
14,325
16,170
23.7
76.3
40.2
35.6
0.5
0.1
1,062
15.2
1,713
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
30
Wichita
Falls
ISD
.........................
TX
14,889
15,594
63.9
36.1
16.1
17.0
2.5
0.5
1,121
13.9
1,757
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
779
30
Ysleta
ISD
...................................
TX
50,009
47,366
11.1
88.9
2.6
85.4
0.5
0.4
2,991
15.8
5,172
9.2
 
 
 
 
 
2,620
66
Alpine
..........................................
UT
38,246
43,719
94.3
5.7
0.3
3.1
1.5
0.6
1,712
25.5
2,574
17.0
2.4
0.5
1.6
3.6
4.1
2,672
51
Davis
...........................................
UT
53,411
59,220
94.0
6.0
1.0
3.0
1.6
0.4
2,324
25.5
4,519
13.1
1.5
1.0
1.7
1.9
1.2
3,746
78
Granite
.........................................
UT
77,515
76,456
84.8
15.2
1.0
8.0
5.1
1.0
3,090
24.7
6,541
11.7
9.3
8.4
10.2
11.0
7.4
4,499
96
Jordan
.........................................
UT
63,605
72,748
93.8
6.2
0.3
3.7
1.7
0.4
2,851
25.5
5,035
14.4
3.0
0.0
2.4
4.5
5.6
4,082
72
Nebo
............................................
UT
16,154
19,256
95.9
4.1
0.1
3.0
0.7
0.3
732
26.3
1,294
14.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.6
1,191
27
Salt
Lake
City
..............................
UT
24,569
25,881
65.1
34.9
2.9
20.8
8.6
2.6
1,155
22.4
2,412
10.7
13.6
8.4
11.6
15.5
20.6
1,140
40
Washington
.................................
UT
12,647
18,078
93.9
6.1
0.3
3.0
1.0
1.8
689
26.3
1,218
14.8
2.2
0.1
1.7
2.4
5.4
1,003
27
Weber
..........................................
UT
25,275
28,139
93.2
6.8
1.0
4.0
1.4
0.5
1,080
26.1
1,891
14.9
3.3
0.1
3.0
4.0
7.0
1,761
39
Arlington
County
..........................
VA
14,290
17,546
42.1
57.9
17.1
30.7
9.9
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
788
30
Chesapeake
City
.........................
VA
28,324
35,593
63.5
36.5
33.7
1.0
1.6
0.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,936
42
Chesterfield
County
.....................
VA
42,864
49,781
76.3
23.7
19.5
1.4
2.7
0.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,816
56
Fairfax
County
.............................
VA
126,713
143,266
64.5
35.5
11.4
9.8
14.0
0.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,789
212
Hampton
City
..............................
VA
20,788
23,980
41.8
58.2
54.4
1.7
1.8
0.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,214
34
Henrico
County
...........................
VA
31,963
38,102
63.7
36.3
31.7
1.2
3.3
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,940
58
Loudoun
County
..........................
VA
14,174
21,574
82.8
17.2
8.5
4.3
4.2
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,009
36
107
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
93.
 
Selected
statistics
on
enrollment,
teachers,
graduates,
and
dropouts
in
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1989
and
1996
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Enrollment,

fall
1989
Enrollment,

fall
1996
Percentage
distribution
of
enrollment,
by
race,
fall
1996
Number
of
classroom
teachers
1
fall
1996
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
fall
1996
Total
number
of
staff,

fall
1996
Student/

staff
ratio,
fall
1996
Percent
dropouts
from
grades
9
 
12,

1995
 
96
Number
of
high
school
graduates

1995
 
96
2
Number
of
schools,

fall
1996
White
Minority
Total
Grade
9
Grade
10
Grade
11
Grade
12
Total
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Newport
News
City
.....................
VA
27,225
32,791
42.0
58.0
51.5
3.4
2.3
0.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,398
42
Norfolk
City
..................................
VA
36,428
37,672
30.6
69.4
65.3
1.7
2.2
0.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,238
60
Portsmouth
City
...........................
VA
18,523
17,845
30.7
69.3
67.7
0.7
0.7
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
734
29
Prince
William
County
.................
VA
40,991
48,333
67.4
32.6
21.9
6.6
3.6
0.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,640
66
Richmond
City
.............................
VA
26,736
27,872
7.9
92.1
90.6
0.7
0.7
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
935
61
Spotsylvania
County
...................
VA
11,527
16,036
83.4
16.6
13.4
1.9
1.1
0.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
794
23
Stafford
County
...........................
VA
11,994
17,378
84.6
15.4
11.5
2.0
1.6
0.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
953
19
Virginia
Beach
City
......................
VA
68,348
76,677
67.5
32.5
24.2
2.9
5.4
0.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,674
82
Bellevue
.......................................
WA
14,971
15,533
71.4
28.6
4.0
5.4
18.8
0.4
756
20.5
1,481
10.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,065
32
Edmonds
.....................................
WA
18,049
21,469
80.6
19.4
3.5
3.8
10.1
1.9
1,027
20.9
2,012
10.7
 
 
 
 
 
961
41
Everett
.........................................
WA
14,846
17,553
83.7
16.3
3.0
3.8
7.5
1.9
828
21.2
1,548
11.3
 
 
 
 
 
700
29
Evergreen
(
Clark)
........................
WA
14,163
18,366
87.0
13.0
2.8
3.1
6.2
1.0
947
19.4
1,632
11.3
 
 
 
 
 
839
29
Federal
Way
................................
WA
17,263
20,862
71.3
28.7
10.4
4.9
12.0
1.3
1,014
20.6
1,821
11.5
 
 
 
 
 
969
36
Highline
.......................................
WA
15,254
18,403
62.1
37.9
9.5
8.2
17.1
3.0
871
21.1
1,722
10.7
 
 
 
 
 
1,265
39
Kent
.............................................
WA
20,212
24,820
78.7
21.3
6.9
4.1
9.1
1.2
1,214
20.4
2,228
11.1
 
 
 
 
 
1,413
40
Lake
Washington
........................
WA
22,431
24,852
84.7
15.3
2.1
3.4
9.3
0.5
1,148
21.6
2,091
11.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,456
48
Northshore
...................................
WA
17,032
19,457
87.8
12.2
1.5
2.8
7.0
0.9
954
20.4
1,698
11.5
 
 
 
 
 
1,068
32
Puyallup
.......................................
WA
14,325
18,545
83.8
16.2
2.2
3.2
4.7
6.1
886
20.9
1,612
11.5
 
 
 
 
 
862
36
Seattle
.........................................
WA
40,781
47,629
40.6
59.4
23.0
8.5
24.8
3.1
2,450
19.4
4,636
10.3
 
 
 
 
 
2,430
116
Spokane
......................................
WA
27,960
32,041
86.9
13.1
3.7
2.3
2.9
4.1
1,616
19.8
2,955
10.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,884
67
Tacoma
.......................................
WA
29,343
31,844
60.0
40.0
19.6
5.0
13.6
1.8
1,712
18.6
3,105
10.3
 
 
 
 
 
1,318
71
Vancouver
...................................
WA
15,707
20,657
84.5
15.5
3.6
5.1
4.7
2.1
982
21.0
1,884
11.0
 
 
 
 
 
1,090
37
Kanawha
County
.........................
WV
35,005
31,491
88.9
11.1
9.8
0.9
0.3
0.1
2,177
14.5
3,888
8.1
5.0
3.7
5.8
6.5
4.3
2,102
89
Green
Bay
Area
..........................
WI
17,491
19,722
81.3
18.7
1.9
3.5
9.1
4.1
1,263
15.6
2,236
8.8
 
 
 
 
 
1,046
35
Kenosha
......................................
WI
15,742
19,048
76.7
23.3
12.4
9.3
1.2
0.4
1,122
17.0
2,028
9.4
 
 
 
 
 
804
33
Madison
Metropolitan
..................
WI
22,137
25,158
70.0
30.0
17.2
4.2
8.0
0.6
1,911
13.2
3,465
7.3
 
 
 
 
 
1,367
51
Milwaukee
...................................
WI
91,819
101,007
22.2
77.8
60.6
12.5
3.6
1.0
5,754
17.6
11,211
9.0
 
 
 
 
 
2,786
202
Racine
.........................................
WI
21,741
22,114
63.8
36.2
24.2
10.8
0.9
0.3
1,418
15.6
2,496
8.9
 
 
 
 
 
1,078
37
1
Data
exclude
teachers
reported
as
working
in
school
district
offices
rather
than
in
schools.

2
Includes
all
categories
of
high
school
completers
such
as
GEDs.

 
ISD=
Independent
school
district.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.

(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
108
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Districts
with
more
than
15,000
students
............
 
$
106,209,308
$
8,120,188
$
50,426,367
$
47,662,753
100.0
7.6
47.5
44.9
$
104,021,213
$
93,431,472
$
57,441,865
$
8,513,255
$
2,076,486
$
5,312
Baldwin
County
...........................................................
AL
92,681
6,655
54,410
31,616
100.0
7.2
58.7
34.1
85,974
78,232
48,750
5,202
2,540
3,919
Birmingham
City
..........................................................
AL
193,502
26,108
117,224
50,170
100.0
13.5
60.6
25.9
198,748
192,959
110,995
5,789
0
4,612
Huntsville
City
..............................................................
AL
126,554
9,020
70,586
46,948
100.0
7.1
55.8
37.1
135,961
123,257
73,611
12,704
0
5,097
Jefferson
County
.........................................................
AL
187,315
11,358
116,236
59,721
100.0
6.1
62.1
31.9
196,427
173,304
109,396
19,422
3,701
4,287
Madison
County
..........................................................
AL
78,891
4,021
48,281
26,589
100.0
5.1
61.2
33.7
85,488
65,337
40,960
17,682
2,469
3,801
Mobile
County
.............................................................
AL
271,809
37,451
180,448
53,910
100.0
13.8
66.4
19.8
256,846
245,589
156,093
10,977
280
3,799
Montgomery
County
....................................................
AL
144,493
16,838
99,246
28,409
100.0
11.7
68.7
19.7
136,406
135,131
83,216
1,179
96
3,889
Shelby
County
.............................................................
AL
83,250
4,379
50,265
28,606
100.0
5.3
60.4
34.4
87,657
73,513
44,718
10,423
3,721
4,136
Tuscaloosa
County
......................................................
AL
65,079
5,339
45,855
13,885
100.0
8.2
70.5
21.3
62,260
60,265
38,680
1,164
831
4,076
Anchorage
...................................................................
AK
335,193
27,511
220,592
87,090
100.0
8.2
65.8
26.0
382,704
295,087
148,394
79,757
7,860
6,192
Fairbanks
North
Star
Borough
....................................
AK
112,469
12,962
69,926
29,581
100.0
11.5
62.2
26.3
117,847
112,466
60,857
1,601
3,780
6,939
Amphitheater
Unified
...................................................
AZ
73,913
4,812
30,784
38,317
100.0
6.5
41.6
51.8
74,921
62,405
33,185
7,854
4,662
4,090
Cartwright
Elementary
.................................................
AZ
65,313
6,136
42,251
16,926
100.0
9.4
64.7
25.9
61,910
56,840
35,988
5,070
0
3,629
Chandler
Unified
..........................................................
AZ
68,186
4,381
29,756
34,049
100.0
6.4
43.6
49.9
81,913
54,997
32,542
21,989
4,927
3,856
Deer
Valley
Unified
.....................................................
AZ
110,044
3,762
40,013
66,269
100.0
3.4
36.4
60.2
114,989
75,518
46,562
28,773
10,698
3,933
Gilbert
Unified
..............................................................
AZ
71,917
1,802
36,474
33,641
100.0
2.5
50.7
46.8
74,808
56,036
32,096
15,232
3,540
3,629
Kyrene
Elementary
......................................................
AZ
82,621
1,464
34,933
46,224
100.0
1.8
42.3
55.9
99,081
59,526
34,496
34,238
5,317
3,756
Mesa
Unified
...............................................................
AZ
311,840
16,191
168,483
127,166
100.0
5.2
54.0
40.8
290,481
267,656
168,304
17,067
5,758
3,870
Paradise
Valley
Unified
...............................................
AZ
150,892
5,131
68,081
77,680
100.0
3.4
45.1
51.5
155,776
124,890
78,843
18,893
11,993
3,990
Peoria
Unified
..............................................................
AZ
112,753
3,680
64,223
44,850
100.0
3.3
57.0
39.8
116,882
93,854
58,325
16,183
6,845
3,636
Phoenix
Union
High
....................................................
AZ
161,793
12,747
18,516
130,530
100.0
7.9
11.4
80.7
159,365
133,607
71,560
17,643
8,115
6,459
Scottsdale
Unified
.......................................................
AZ
124,053
3,055
28,885
92,113
100.0
2.5
23.3
74.3
143,328
97,958
55,198
32,190
13,180
4,350
Tucson
Unified
............................................................
AZ
316,718
28,997
147,809
139,912
100.0
9.2
46.7
44.2
333,733
267,660
151,831
43,366
22,707
4,274
Washington
Elementary
..............................................
AZ
117,179
7,196
59,451
50,532
100.0
6.1
50.7
43.1
102,909
91,846
60,668
9,307
1,756
3,936
Little
Rock
....................................................................
AR
150,267
10,361
64,364
75,542
100.0
6.9
42.8
50.3
149,852
141,907
84,495
3,835
4,110
5,753
Pulaski
County
Special
...............................................
AR
117,041
8,151
70,685
38,205
100.0
7.0
60.4
32.6
111,700
103,524
62,002
5,760
2,416
5,070
ABC
Unified
.................................................................
CA
105,557
5,695
68,673
31,189
100.0
5.4
65.1
29.5
97,487
95,148
61,532
2,297
42
4,402
Alum
Rock
Union
Elementary
.....................................
CA
76,163
8,611
40,996
26,556
100.0
11.3
53.8
34.9
79,632
69,496
46,393
8,633
1,503
4,388
Alvord
Unified
..............................................................
CA
66,797
3,805
44,741
18,251
100.0
5.7
67.0
27.3
66,039
64,562
43,242
1,477
0
3,956
Anaheim
Elementary
...................................................
CA
70,942
4,413
33,778
32,751
100.0
6.2
47.6
46.2
69,548
68,180
46,646
1,368
0
3,888
Anaheim
Union
High
...................................................
CA
130,814
11,577
67,738
51,499
100.0
8.8
51.8
39.4
118,546
113,580
67,426
4,966
0
4,791
Antelope
Valley
Union
High
........................................
CA
74,864
2,852
48,717
23,295
100.0
3.8
65.1
31.1
68,067
53,904
32,776
14,163
0
3,885
Antioch
Unified
............................................................
CA
85,102
3,046
56,264
25,792
100.0
3.6
66.1
30.3
102,004
63,982
42,214
38,022
0
4,287
Bakersfield
City
Elementary
........................................
CA
127,477
17,358
86,186
23,933
100.0
13.6
67.6
18.8
125,832
116,957
71,956
6,548
2,327
4,466
Baldwin
Park
Unified
...................................................
CA
82,300
8,715
54,589
18,996
100.0
10.6
66.3
23.1
72,120
66,307
40,899
5,813
0
4,150
Cajon
Valley
Union
Elementary
..................................
CA
112,827
7,158
80,206
25,463
100.0
6.3
71.1
22.6
108,697
77,773
49,329
30,924
0
4,236
Capistrano
Unified
.......................................................
CA
144,792
5,201
49,550
90,041
100.0
3.6
34.2
62.2
151,267
138,765
86,866
12,348
154
4,164
Chaffey
Union
High
.....................................................
CA
78,706
2,870
49,735
26,101
100.0
3.6
63.2
33.2
71,505
66,824
41,201
4,681
0
4,295
Chino
Unified
...............................................................
CA
136,050
4,273
90,985
40,792
100.0
3.1
66.9
30.0
131,362
111,478
74,876
19,525
359
4,061
Chula
Vista
Elementary
...............................................
CA
91,447
6,116
43,214
42,117
100.0
6.7
47.3
46.1
86,372
79,013
52,967
7,359
0
4,203
Clovis
Unified
..............................................................
CA
151,626
10,432
84,533
56,661
100.0
6.9
55.8
37.4
146,729
119,017
71,849
22,095
5,617
4,161
Colton
Joint
Unified
.....................................................
CA
84,896
6,717
60,873
17,306
100.0
7.9
71.7
20.4
84,065
76,456
47,074
7,609
0
4,148
Compton
Unified
..........................................................
CA
148,736
20,990
95,651
32,095
100.0
14.1
64.3
21.6
131,301
124,934
77,960
6,367
0
4,519
Conejo
Valley
Unified
..................................................
CA
86,844
3,536
31,911
51,397
100.0
4.1
36.7
59.2
83,480
77,132
48,728
6,115
233
4,329
Corona­
Norco
Unified
..................................................
CA
121,537
6,228
75,166
40,143
100.0
5.1
61.8
33.0
118,418
111,664
69,216
6,754
0
4,155
Desert
Sands
Unified
..................................................
CA
99,031
6,276
46,018
46,737
100.0
6.3
46.5
47.2
86,309
79,699
47,916
6,610
0
4,277
Downey
Unified
...........................................................
CA
80,036
4,504
49,360
26,172
100.0
5.6
61.7
32.7
77,360
72,676
45,944
4,684
0
4,068
East
Side
Union
High
..................................................
CA
124,949
8,391
60,087
56,471
100.0
6.7
48.1
45.2
115,850
113,020
69,920
1,423
1,407
5,153
Elk
Grove
Unified
........................................................
CA
169,562
10,807
104,567
54,188
100.0
6.4
61.7
32.0
163,992
149,877
93,018
14,115
0
4,424
Escondido
Union
Elementary
......................................
CA
71,875
5,958
37,450
28,467
100.0
8.3
52.1
39.6
71,865
63,340
41,868
6,255
2,270
3,833
Fairfield­
Suisun
Unified
...............................................
CA
89,021
4,193
59,386
25,442
100.0
4.7
66.7
28.6
81,906
80,257
56,669
1,649
0
3,845
Fontana
Unified
...........................................................
CA
140,304
10,668
101,898
27,738
100.0
7.6
72.6
19.8
139,686
128,817
80,855
9,189
1,680
4,269
Fremont
Unified
...........................................................
CA
141,354
4,665
71,949
64,740
100.0
3.3
50.9
45.8
139,739
120,206
82,315
17,456
2,077
4,125
Fresno
Unified
.............................................................
CA
425,873
49,767
275,693
100,413
100.0
11.7
64.7
23.6
394,650
373,510
234,340
21,135
5
4,849
Garden
Grove
Unified
.................................................
CA
198,815
16,830
101,033
80,952
100.0
8.5
50.8
40.7
188,316
187,338
120,258
978
0
4,416
Glendale
Unified
..........................................................
CA
147,730
13,526
79,118
55,086
100.0
9.2
53.6
37.3
137,254
126,231
82,858
11,023
0
4,343
Grossmont
Union
High
................................................
CA
109,496
6,452
50,040
53,004
100.0
5.9
45.7
48.4
101,807
96,816
57,235
4,991
0
4,709
109
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Hacienda
La
Puente
Unified
.......................................
CA
134,981
11,258
86,810
36,913
100.0
8.3
64.3
27.3
96,171
93,494
55,890
2,677
0
4,294
Hayward
Unified
..........................................................
CA
104,468
8,745
56,473
39,250
100.0
8.4
54.1
37.6
89,340
86,053
53,539
3,287
0
4,316
Hemet
Unified
..............................................................
CA
82,295
5,745
56,015
20,535
100.0
7.0
68.1
25.0
76,529
60,402
39,258
16,127
0
4,151
Hesperia
Unified
..........................................................
CA
73,589
4,196
54,409
14,984
100.0
5.7
73.9
20.4
74,331
60,148
37,530
14,183
0
4,148
Inglewood
Unified
........................................................
CA
93,201
9,037
60,526
23,638
100.0
9.7
64.9
25.4
82,016
71,489
43,945
10,527
0
4,395
Irvine
Unified
...............................................................
CA
103,601
4,492
36,540
62,569
100.0
4.3
35.3
60.4
101,080
98,924
63,980
1,123
1,033
4,508
Jurupa
Unified
.............................................................
CA
82,427
4,474
58,945
19,008
100.0
5.4
71.5
23.1
75,855
69,330
45,969
6,525
0
4,107
Kern
Union
High
..........................................................
CA
146,049
10,479
69,339
66,231
100.0
7.2
47.5
45.3
136,595
120,905
64,398
11,994
3,696
5,073
Lodi
Unified
.................................................................
CA
119,928
10,075
72,216
37,637
100.0
8.4
60.2
31.4
112,147
109,040
69,041
3,008
99
4,337
Long
Beach
Unified
.....................................................
CA
452,033
54,825
288,497
108,711
100.0
12.1
63.8
24.0
390,742
370,907
238,171
19,835
0
4,747
Los
Angeles
Unified
....................................................
CA
3,771,981
465,823
2,251,218
1,054,940
100.0
12.3
59.7
28.0
3,395,358
3,276,287
2,146,781
119,071
0
5,176
Lynwood
Unified
..........................................................
CA
108,167
7,253
84,364
16,550
100.0
6.7
78.0
15.3
72,587
59,338
40,334
13,249
0
3,900
Madera
Unified
............................................................
CA
72,415
6,186
45,755
20,474
100.0
8.5
63.2
28.3
71,472
63,774
36,871
7,698
0
4,200
Manteca
Unified
..........................................................
CA
64,717
3,301
41,725
19,691
100.0
5.1
64.5
30.4
61,475
59,294
37,520
2,181
0
4,050
Modesto
City
Elementary
............................................
CA
149,631
15,188
81,998
52,445
100.0
10.2
54.8
35.0
143,059
136,536
85,141
3,058
3,465
4,274
Montebello
Unified
.......................................................
CA
157,246
15,955
97,062
44,229
100.0
10.1
61.7
28.1
156,294
135,214
85,997
21,080
0
4,223
Moreno
Valley
Unified
.................................................
CA
141,047
10,091
102,070
28,886
100.0
7.2
72.4
20.5
137,736
135,372
84,476
2,260
104
4,282
Mt.
Diablo
Unified
........................................................
CA
167,077
7,837
72,186
87,054
100.0
4.7
43.2
52.1
156,562
152,915
95,580
3,647
0
4,444
Napa
Valley
Unified
.....................................................
CA
70,544
3,918
22,975
43,651
100.0
5.6
32.6
61.9
65,476
62,381
39,416
3,087
8
4,153
Newport­
Mesa
Unified
.................................................
CA
98,375
4,474
20,121
73,780
100.0
4.5
20.5
75.0
84,778
82,827
49,253
1,914
37
4,648
Norwalk­
La
Mirada
Unified
..........................................
CA
113,207
8,291
65,830
39,086
100.0
7.3
58.2
34.5
94,859
90,679
54,260
4,180
0
4,458
Oakland
Unified
...........................................................
CA
299,426
32,262
181,601
85,563
100.0
10.8
60.6
28.6
282,097
279,180
165,632
2,258
659
5,399
Oceanside
City
Unified
................................................
CA
84,233
7,919
47,377
28,937
100.0
9.4
56.2
34.4
82,567
81,413
52,221
1,154
0
4,298
Ontario­
Montclair
Elementary
......................................
CA
114,032
10,557
80,198
23,277
100.0
9.3
70.3
20.4
108,316
95,421
64,093
12,895
0
4,125
Orange
Unified
............................................................
CA
122,878
6,812
44,411
71,655
100.0
5.5
36.1
58.3
107,793
106,350
64,323
1,443
0
3,982
Pajaro
Valley
Joint
Unified
..........................................
CA
96,509
11,162
51,579
33,768
100.0
11.6
53.4
35.0
89,359
79,175
50,112
10,184
0
4,554
Palm
Springs
Unified
...................................................
CA
80,548
5,481
42,679
32,388
100.0
6.8
53.0
40.2
89,108
69,871
42,414
18,270
967
4,173
Palmdale
Elementary
..................................................
CA
74,934
6,869
47,263
20,802
100.0
9.2
63.1
27.8
71,640
66,758
41,247
4,882
0
3,896
Paramount
Unified
.......................................................
CA
66,190
6,531
42,177
17,482
100.0
9.9
63.7
26.4
62,142
61,029
37,189
1,113
0
4,252
Pasadena
Unified
........................................................
CA
115,788
13,387
59,785
42,616
100.0
11.6
51.6
36.8
115,219
114,094
68,572
1,125
0
5,180
Placentia­
Yorba
Linda
Unified
.....................................
CA
111,474
3,837
50,556
57,081
100.0
3.4
45.4
51.2
105,566
101,785
64,658
3,702
79
4,386
Pomona
Unified
...........................................................
CA
165,857
22,634
103,740
39,483
100.0
13.6
62.5
23.8
151,113
140,909
86,359
7,550
2,654
4,690
Poway
Unified
.............................................................
CA
134,038
3,777
64,473
65,788
100.0
2.8
48.1
49.1
131,433
126,354
78,977
5,079
0
4,334
Redlands
Unified
.........................................................
CA
84,364
3,999
54,664
25,701
100.0
4.7
64.8
30.5
80,738
72,278
46,057
5,858
2,602
4,121
Rialto
Unified
...............................................................
CA
101,550
6,908
73,703
20,939
100.0
6.8
72.6
20.6
105,222
96,874
57,856
8,318
30
4,199
Riverside
Unified
.........................................................
CA
168,852
12,234
111,061
45,557
100.0
7.2
65.8
27.0
163,649
150,089
91,687
13,557
3
4,330
Rowland
Unified
..........................................................
CA
85,581
5,256
53,972
26,353
100.0
6.1
63.1
30.8
79,604
77,898
46,415
1,706
0
4,251
Sacramento
City
Unified
.............................................
CA
252,085
29,287
154,406
68,392
100.0
11.6
61.3
27.1
234,058
230,635
147,049
2,725
698
4,680
Saddleback
Valley
Unified
..........................................
CA
124,350
3,548
47,039
73,763
100.0
2.9
37.8
59.3
118,585
116,774
76,957
1,457
354
4,042
San
Bernardino
City
Unified
........................................
CA
226,021
22,724
158,219
45,078
100.0
10.1
70.0
19.9
222,291
206,591
117,989
15,700
0
4,669
San
Diego
City
Unified
................................................
CA
740,952
62,022
309,152
369,778
100.0
8.4
41.7
49.9
675,573
644,437
377,380
31,094
42
5,013
San
Francisco
Unified
.................................................
CA
391,880
32,622
118,748
240,510
100.0
8.3
30.3
61.4
339,365
311,503
204,393
27,862
0
5,078
San
Jose
Unified
.........................................................
CA
181,898
13,490
75,954
92,454
100.0
7.4
41.8
50.8
176,665
167,218
97,134
9,439
8
5,377
San
Juan
Unified
.........................................................
CA
240,937
18,163
145,992
76,782
100.0
7.5
60.6
31.9
229,166
216,558
135,958
12,608
0
4,600
San
Ramon
Valley
Unified
..........................................
CA
88,707
1,124
20,874
66,709
100.0
1.3
23.5
75.2
81,937
72,906
48,809
8,732
299
4,070
Santa
Ana
Unified
.......................................................
CA
238,133
21,499
126,217
90,417
100.0
9.0
53.0
38.0
225,088
204,940
132,778
19,900
248
4,194
Simi
Valley
Unified
......................................................
CA
92,918
5,240
50,630
37,048
100.0
5.6
54.5
39.9
84,467
78,619
48,687
3,925
1,923
4,300
Stockton
City
Unified
...................................................
CA
178,846
24,249
110,400
44,197
100.0
13.6
61.7
24.7
167,571
162,838
100,798
4,697
36
4,787
Sweetwater
Union
High
...............................................
CA
155,130
11,538
103,273
40,319
100.0
7.4
66.6
26.0
140,525
138,102
80,671
2,423
0
4,784
Torrance
Unified
..........................................................
CA
104,847
3,099
54,649
47,099
100.0
3.0
52.1
44.9
94,120
90,040
54,765
4,080
0
4,090
Vallejo
City
Unified
......................................................
CA
94,180
6,996
60,287
26,897
100.0
7.4
64.0
28.6
92,613
88,458
54,008
4,155
0
4,560
Ventura
Unified
............................................................
CA
82,805
4,465
35,821
42,519
100.0
5.4
43.3
51.3
70,110
65,776
38,182
4,334
0
4,130
Visalia
Unified
..............................................................
CA
115,509
11,173
73,778
30,558
100.0
9.7
63.9
26.5
102,271
99,551
66,075
2,421
299
4,216
Vista
Unified
................................................................
CA
108,374
6,215
61,577
40,582
100.0
5.7
56.8
37.4
101,867
98,296
63,471
3,571
0
4,240
West
Contra
Costa
Unified
.........................................
CA
167,611
13,072
89,256
65,283
100.0
7.8
53.3
38.9
154,399
142,947
93,335
11,452
0
4,527
Adams­
Arapahoe
.........................................................
CO
160,760
8,215
86,808
65,737
100.0
5.1
54.0
40.9
151,054
140,453
85,022
5,418
5,183
5,122
Boulder
Valley
.............................................................
CO
148,462
5,077
28,123
115,262
100.0
3.4
18.9
77.6
138,545
127,430
78,779
5,360
5,755
5,168
Cherry
Creek
...............................................................
CO
225,825
3,702
73,223
148,900
100.0
1.6
32.4
65.9
208,072
191,811
116,584
4,954
11,307
5,525
Colorado
Springs
.........................................................
CO
156,159
8,155
80,709
67,295
100.0
5.2
51.7
43.1
151,832
146,868
88,434
4,964
0
4,514
Denver
County
............................................................
CO
391,829
32,724
109,666
249,439
100.0
8.4
28.0
63.7
393,742
351,373
190,168
32,270
10,099
5,598
Douglas
County
...........................................................
CO
155,302
2,169
44,086
109,047
100.0
1.4
28.4
70.2
116,581
96,160
53,401
15,426
4,995
4,798
110
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Jefferson
County
.........................................................
CO
541,438
13,947
211,108
316,383
100.0
2.6
39.0
58.4
631,698
466,601
238,919
139,759
25,338
5,554
Littleton
........................................................................
CO
86,566
2,261
40,073
44,232
100.0
2.6
46.3
51.1
82,354
76,176
47,053
3,915
2,263
4,836
Mesa
County
Valley
....................................................
CO
88,868
5,650
52,824
30,394
100.0
6.4
59.4
34.2
84,031
80,328
49,844
2,561
1,142
4,370
Northglenn­
Thornton
...................................................
CO
144,125
4,336
72,802
66,987
100.0
3.0
50.5
46.5
119,845
108,994
66,517
5,224
5,627
4,663
Poudre
.........................................................................
CO
112,296
5,218
43,037
64,041
100.0
4.6
38.3
57.0
140,709
93,805
58,763
38,159
8,745
4,428
Pueblo
City
..................................................................
CO
92,114
8,712
53,959
29,443
100.0
9.5
58.6
32.0
90,738
86,489
54,670
4,249
0
4,805
St.
Vrain
Valley
............................................................
CO
88,787
3,405
39,604
45,778
100.0
3.8
44.6
51.6
84,056
78,209
44,395
2,794
3,053
4,745
Bridgeport
....................................................................
CT
177,404
17,810
122,637
36,957
100.0
10.0
69.1
20.8
173,724
164,925
110,648
5,954
2,845
7,899
Hartford
........................................................................
CT
251,702
19,806
165,618
66,278
100.0
7.9
65.8
26.3
244,790
241,442
164,855
236
3,112
10,017
New
Haven
..................................................................
CT
177,746
18,214
114,561
44,971
100.0
10.2
64.5
25.3
170,558
166,123
117,115
1,944
2,491
8,988
Christina
......................................................................
DE
143,416
7,725
86,077
49,614
100.0
5.4
60.0
34.6
133,380
129,147
81,394
3,534
699
6,651
Red
Clay
Consolidated
...............................................
DE
106,583
6,518
60,410
39,655
100.0
6.1
56.7
37.2
103,918
102,323
64,650
1,595
0
6,859
District
of
Columbia
.....................................................
DC
700,111
65,527
 
634,584
100.0
9.4
 
90.6
686,586
666,938
336,543
19,648
0
8,290
Alachua
County
...........................................................
FL
170,870
16,223
96,432
58,215
100.0
9.5
56.4
34.1
164,887
136,647
72,785
22,287
5,953
4,743
Bay
County
..................................................................
FL
142,139
10,450
85,264
46,425
100.0
7.4
60.0
32.7
134,417
119,751
73,379
12,836
1,830
4,828
Brevard
County
...........................................................
FL
347,200
21,232
182,448
143,520
100.0
6.1
52.5
41.3
361,735
299,696
179,799
56,527
5,512
4,640
Broward
County
...........................................................
FL
1,317,698
77,867
661,136
578,695
100.0
5.9
50.2
43.9
1,248,289
1,024,098
570,890
191,569
32,622
5,140
Charlotte
County
.........................................................
FL
95,539
4,880
27,113
63,546
100.0
5.1
28.4
66.5
86,760
77,411
43,030
7,401
1,948
5,129
Clay
County
.................................................................
FL
118,889
6,154
79,180
33,555
100.0
5.2
66.6
28.2
108,297
99,554
56,136
8,318
425
4,176
Collier
County
..............................................................
FL
194,726
14,195
31,042
149,489
100.0
7.3
15.9
76.8
218,170
149,122
88,135
63,536
5,512
5,928
Dade
County
...............................................................
FL
2,183,071
182,832
1,159,150
841,089
100.0
8.4
53.1
38.5
2,209,145
1,844,088
1,085,450
321,454
43,603
5,734
Duval
County
...............................................................
FL
670,683
49,826
377,064
243,793
100.0
7.4
56.2
36.3
605,002
560,115
320,032
34,220
10,667
4,615
Escambia
County
........................................................
FL
253,872
23,786
163,740
66,346
100.0
9.4
64.5
26.1
248,818
219,741
121,197
25,360
3,717
4,909
Hernando
County
........................................................
FL
85,365
5,240
40,667
39,458
100.0
6.1
47.6
46.2
81,510
68,469
36,597
8,065
4,976
4,613
Hillsborough
County
....................................................
FL
886,056
80,868
496,803
308,385
100.0
9.1
56.1
34.8
873,555
747,392
424,198
111,626
14,537
5,393
Lake
County
................................................................
FL
128,117
9,404
69,481
49,232
100.0
7.3
54.2
38.4
117,065
103,787
56,929
11,488
1,790
4,395
Lee
County
..................................................................
FL
321,370
19,260
96,896
205,214
100.0
6.0
30.2
63.9
329,814
263,842
137,470
53,651
12,321
5,340
Leon
County
................................................................
FL
193,931
12,542
109,524
71,865
100.0
6.5
56.5
37.1
183,451
153,838
84,285
24,656
4,957
5,045
Manatee
County
..........................................................
FL
202,089
12,913
83,750
105,426
100.0
6.4
41.4
52.2
164,081
150,071
86,722
13,722
288
4,862
Marion
County
.............................................................
FL
190,458
15,635
112,605
62,218
100.0
8.2
59.1
32.7
184,184
161,565
92,587
18,227
4,392
4,749
Okaloosa
County
.........................................................
FL
151,343
12,135
91,373
47,835
100.0
8.0
60.4
31.6
135,481
125,243
73,261
8,821
1,417
4,314
Orange
County
............................................................
FL
745,661
48,312
318,107
379,242
100.0
6.5
42.7
50.9
632,182
580,058
302,649
36,171
15,953
4,888
Osceola
County
...........................................................
FL
143,661
6,568
73,450
63,643
100.0
4.6
51.1
44.3
133,435
109,225
58,647
19,748
4,462
4,508
Palm
Beach
County
....................................................
FL
926,775
52,541
268,358
605,876
100.0
5.7
29.0
65.4
866,169
691,125
437,330
155,562
19,482
5,420
Pasco
County
..............................................................
FL
240,850
17,100
138,700
85,050
100.0
7.1
57.6
35.3
231,555
196,456
105,875
28,327
6,772
4,897
Pinellas
County
...........................................................
FL
658,123
39,781
301,216
317,126
100.0
6.0
45.8
48.2
608,432
525,942
309,197
82,038
452
5,148
Polk
County
.................................................................
FL
379,653
33,100
225,015
121,538
100.0
8.7
59.3
32.0
373,047
331,874
185,461
36,710
4,463
4,655
Santa
Rosa
County
.....................................................
FL
99,827
7,428
64,277
28,122
100.0
7.4
64.4
28.2
93,111
83,693
48,963
8,324
1,094
4,411
Sarasota
County
..........................................................
FL
251,644
9,253
50,994
191,397
100.0
3.7
20.3
76.1
207,146
178,513
97,210
22,845
5,788
5,866
Seminole
County
.........................................................
FL
286,340
11,020
148,641
126,679
100.0
3.8
51.9
44.2
299,111
227,657
135,457
58,600
12,854
4,266
Saint
Johns
County
.....................................................
FL
102,124
4,471
44,545
53,108
100.0
4.4
43.6
52.0
88,657
72,290
38,739
12,951
3,416
4,965
Saint
Lucie
County
......................................................
FL
159,712
12,542
73,043
74,127
100.0
7.9
45.7
46.4
159,862
132,888
73,437
21,224
5,750
5,069
Volusia
County
............................................................
FL
324,580
17,954
155,752
150,874
100.0
5.5
48.0
46.5
300,156
269,017
153,585
19,898
11,241
4,845
Atlanta
City
..................................................................
GA
499,845
37,661
139,998
322,186
100.0
7.5
28.0
64.5
480,586
416,105
232,222
64,481
0
6,986
Bibb
County
.................................................................
GA
129,493
12,623
71,829
45,041
100.0
9.7
55.5
34.8
132,066
119,702
72,056
10,440
1,924
4,812
Chatham
County
.........................................................
GA
213,447
15,729
92,911
104,807
100.0
7.4
43.5
49.1
255,386
194,233
119,947
55,395
5,758
5,480
Cherokee
County
........................................................
GA
102,539
3,027
56,850
42,662
100.0
3.0
55.4
41.6
118,180
88,040
54,551
25,959
4,181
4,469
Clayton
County
............................................................
GA
202,817
10,655
104,009
88,153
100.0
5.3
51.3
43.5
195,542
186,317
109,341
7,352
1,873
4,759
Cobb
County
...............................................................
GA
401,695
6,787
191,879
203,029
100.0
1.7
47.8
50.5
401,902
379,596
246,974
11,394
10,912
4,717
Columbia
County
.........................................................
GA
79,932
2,714
45,616
31,602
100.0
3.4
57.1
39.5
81,139
67,878
43,486
9,990
3,271
4,010
De
Kalb
County
...........................................................
GA
513,712
23,582
206,064
284,066
100.0
4.6
40.1
55.3
523,449
482,571
320,799
35,033
5,845
5,764
Dougherty
....................................................................
GA
105,016
13,979
62,127
28,910
100.0
13.3
59.2
27.5
98,242
92,068
53,228
5,906
268
5,091
Douglas
County
...........................................................
GA
77,816
3,203
43,766
30,847
100.0
4.1
56.2
39.6
74,718
68,119
41,626
3,653
2,946
4,538
Fayette
County
............................................................
GA
91,162
1,678
42,048
47,436
100.0
1.8
46.1
52.0
91,024
70,905
47,570
14,387
5,732
4,427
Fulton
County
..............................................................
GA
372,068
13,316
108,443
250,309
100.0
3.6
29.1
67.3
412,831
315,635
176,768
80,215
16,981
5,939
Gwinnett
County
..........................................................
GA
442,880
9,362
195,744
237,774
100.0
2.1
44.2
53.7
464,003
371,929
240,091
72,717
19,357
4,636
Hall
County
..................................................................
GA
77,198
4,709
45,446
27,043
100.0
6.1
58.9
35.0
77,159
68,888
43,572
5,597
2,674
4,288
Henry
County
..............................................................
GA
75,695
2,196
38,477
35,022
100.0
2.9
50.8
46.3
83,222
62,589
39,027
16,171
4,462
4,375
111
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Houston
County
...........................................................
GA
97,350
5,817
58,719
32,814
100.0
6.0
60.3
33.7
97,500
86,921
52,816
9,523
1,056
4,726
Muscogee
County
.......................................................
GA
183,840
16,957
100,958
65,925
100.0
9.2
54.9
35.9
178,973
166,562
97,094
11,517
894
5,123
Richmond
County
........................................................
GA
177,058
16,155
99,918
60,985
100.0
9.1
56.4
34.4
169,830
161,914
98,248
6,530
1,386
4,508
Hawaii
Department
of
Education
................................
HI
1,173,579
82,547
1,062,296
28,736
100.0
7.0
90.5
2.4
1,110,820
1,028,730
636,952
82,090
0
5,595
Boise
City
Independent
...............................................
ID
131,507
6,508
62,793
62,206
100.0
4.9
47.7
47.3
125,242
115,444
75,552
7,466
2,332
4,374
Meridian
Junction
........................................................
ID
71,910
2,601
46,425
22,884
100.0
3.6
64.6
31.8
85,874
59,524
37,785
23,106
3,244
3,368
City
of
Chicago
............................................................
IL
2,912,990
351,759
931,214
1,630,017
100.0
12.1
32.0
56.0
2,527,901
2,469,471
1,385,307
58,097
333
6,064
Community
Unit
300
....................................................
IL
59,279
3,447
18,366
37,466
100.0
5.8
31.0
63.2
83,071
57,622
35,983
23,045
2,404
4,363
Indian
Prairie
20
..........................................................
IL
71,954
715
8,598
62,641
100.0
1.0
11.9
87.1
85,604
55,097
33,848
24,988
5,519
4,510
Naperville
Community
Unit
District
203
......................
IL
108,921
1,382
13,733
93,806
100.0
1.3
12.6
86.1
94,311
91,859
63,813
589
1,863
5,202
Peoria
..........................................................................
IL
108,134
10,574
49,082
48,478
100.0
9.8
45.4
44.8
87,820
86,600
48,683
429
791
5,144
Rockford
......................................................................
IL
177,609
9,442
61,010
107,157
100.0
5.3
34.4
60.3
176,735
165,388
95,827
4,044
7,303
6,034
Schaumburg
................................................................
IL
120,972
2,779
18,378
99,815
100.0
2.3
15.2
82.5
107,004
100,837
50,674
908
5,259
6,291
School
District
46
........................................................
IL
167,670
5,392
49,255
113,023
100.0
3.2
29.4
67.4
147,083
139,482
90,481
3,674
3,927
4,606
Springfield
....................................................................
IL
99,909
7,747
35,120
57,042
100.0
7.8
35.2
57.1
94,725
88,280
45,488
2,769
3,676
5,661
Waukegan
...................................................................
IL
68,304
4,553
29,219
34,532
100.0
6.7
42.8
50.6
61,181
59,074
34,365
739
1,368
4,639
Evansville­
Vanderburgh
School
Corporation
..............
IN
156,030
9,690
77,806
68,534
100.0
6.2
49.9
43.9
146,959
133,752
84,419
12,579
628
5,649
Fort
Wayne
Community
..............................................
IN
211,802
11,009
103,031
97,762
100.0
5.2
48.6
46.2
185,970
175,244
107,867
10,047
679
5,563
Gary
Community
School
Corporation
.........................
IN
163,619
14,554
105,640
43,425
100.0
8.9
64.6
26.5
149,428
141,295
82,766
7,464
669
6,034
Indianapolis
.................................................................
IN
379,524
28,061
216,689
134,774
100.0
7.4
57.1
35.5
306,716
284,567
163,534
20,954
1,195
6,181
South
Bend
Community
School
Corporation
..............
IN
140,889
8,455
75,527
56,907
100.0
6.0
53.6
40.4
123,275
117,316
74,154
5,253
706
5,546
Vigo
County
School
Corporation
.................................
IN
100,851
5,275
56,033
39,543
100.0
5.2
55.6
39.2
84,068
79,295
48,787
2,773
2,000
4,696
Cedar
Rapids
..............................................................
IA
103,761
3,579
47,148
53,034
100.0
3.4
45.4
51.1
92,030
88,717
57,081
3,121
192
5,002
Davenport
....................................................................
IA
101,452
5,172
52,814
43,466
100.0
5.1
52.1
42.8
92,722
89,924
59,569
2,639
159
5,079
Des
Moines
Independent
............................................
IA
202,382
11,746
94,937
95,699
100.0
5.8
46.9
47.3
185,528
178,388
114,236
6,527
613
5,795
Kansas
City
.................................................................
KS
139,391
13,871
87,475
38,045
100.0
10.0
62.8
27.3
131,039
126,602
71,748
4,437
0
5,787
Olathe
..........................................................................
KS
111,668
2,080
54,516
55,072
100.0
1.9
48.8
49.3
98,480
88,860
54,554
1,196
8,424
5,194
Shawnee
Mission
........................................................
KS
188,386
4,316
65,619
118,451
100.0
2.3
34.8
62.9
173,234
165,479
99,975
3,882
3,873
5,185
Wichita
.........................................................................
KS
264,192
16,585
145,269
102,338
100.0
6.3
55.0
38.7
256,117
247,325
141,637
8,792
0
5,376
Fayette
County
............................................................
KY
195,811
10,832
91,865
93,114
100.0
5.5
46.9
47.6
183,524
177,563
106,668
3,612
2,349
5,374
Jefferson
County
.........................................................
KY
555,444
42,556
275,869
237,019
100.0
7.7
49.7
42.7
526,175
511,270
317,883
3,818
11,087
5,474
Bossier
Parish
School
Board
......................................
LA
89,709
7,930
52,551
29,228
100.0
8.8
58.6
32.6
75,735
74,609
43,484
500
626
4,025
Caddo
Parish
School
Board
........................................
LA
234,385
26,715
123,739
83,931
100.0
11.4
52.8
35.8
228,217
217,204
132,081
9,206
1,807
4,378
Calcasieu
Parish
School
Board
..................................
LA
160,694
14,216
76,945
69,533
100.0
8.8
47.9
43.3
158,763
138,904
81,758
12,837
7,022
4,028
East
Baton
Rouge
Parish
School
Board
.....................
LA
301,526
31,980
154,232
115,314
100.0
10.6
51.2
38.2
295,019
292,498
175,624
2,521
0
4,759
Iberia
Parish
School
Board
.........................................
LA
75,254
9,297
42,560
23,397
100.0
12.4
56.6
31.1
71,448
65,761
39,211
3,149
2,538
4,133
Jefferson
Parish
School
Board
...................................
LA
350,237
29,887
135,038
185,312
100.0
8.5
38.6
52.9
308,700
275,276
172,066
9,917
23,507
4,847
Lafayette
Parish
School
Board
...................................
LA
140,178
14,943
69,925
55,310
100.0
10.7
49.9
39.5
133,205
120,402
75,614
9,623
3,180
3,904
Lafourche
Parish
School
Board
..................................
LA
69,077
8,561
42,916
17,600
100.0
12.4
62.1
25.5
66,224
64,124
38,545
1,578
522
3,876
Livingston
Parish
School
Board
..................................
LA
69,966
5,661
46,101
18,204
100.0
8.1
65.9
26.0
72,328
63,171
39,511
7,856
1,301
3,513
Orleans
Parish
School
Board
......................................
LA
401,791
61,861
202,424
137,506
100.0
15.4
50.4
34.2
398,083
375,127
234,824
14,106
8,850
4,361
Ouachita
Parish
School
Board
....................................
LA
75,782
8,458
45,602
21,722
100.0
11.2
60.2
28.7
71,186
67,760
43,616
1,525
1,901
3,743
Rapides
Parish
School
Board
.....................................
LA
123,151
13,861
65,548
43,742
100.0
11.3
53.2
35.5
120,394
112,210
66,274
3,599
4,585
4,536
Saint
Landry
Parish
School
Board
..............................
LA
71,749
10,786
47,599
13,364
100.0
15.0
66.3
18.6
75,204
67,996
40,878
4,637
2,571
3,850
Saint
Tammany
Parish
School
Board
.........................
LA
156,554
9,804
83,704
63,046
100.0
6.3
53.5
40.3
152,645
139,254
85,897
8,726
4,665
4,434
Tangipahoa
Parish
School
Board
...............................
LA
84,446
11,257
45,691
27,498
100.0
13.3
54.1
32.6
77,515
67,772
41,152
7,074
2,669
3,763
Terrebonne
Parish
School
Board
................................
LA
81,374
10,635
48,186
22,553
100.0
13.1
59.2
27.7
75,909
73,857
45,208
1,213
839
3,344
Anne
Arundel
County
Public
Schools
.........................
MD
490,992
17,021
162,425
311,546
100.0
3.5
33.1
63.5
473,226
435,691
253,993
32,767
4,768
6,172
Baltimore
City
Public
School
System
..........................
MD
696,533
78,621
402,644
215,268
100.0
11.3
57.8
30.9
689,243
670,933
437,655
14,443
3,867
5,915
Baltimore
County
.........................................................
MD
681,565
27,500
215,564
438,501
100.0
4.0
31.6
64.3
692,692
635,453
351,370
53,087
4,152
6,404
Carroll
County
.............................................................
MD
167,636
4,786
67,832
95,018
100.0
2.9
40.5
56.7
161,778
142,817
86,362
17,057
1,904
5,826
Board
of
Education,
Charles
County
..........................
MD
150,314
5,304
61,459
83,551
100.0
3.5
40.9
55.6
140,175
125,259
70,659
14,424
492
6,134
Frederick
County
Board
of
Education
.........................
MD
226,270
6,265
86,160
133,845
100.0
2.8
38.1
59.2
218,787
182,070
111,300
34,337
2,380
5,752
Harford
County
............................................................
MD
215,258
8,298
98,499
108,461
100.0
3.9
45.8
50.4
220,716
203,426
125,431
16,351
939
5,658
Howard
County
Public
Schools
System
.....................
MD
275,308
4,695
78,956
191,657
100.0
1.7
28.7
69.6
294,428
249,871
150,362
39,604
4,953
6,917
Montgomery
County
....................................................
MD
1,057,931
29,312
190,634
837,985
100.0
2.8
18.0
79.2
1,006,965
914,754
584,113
67,754
24,457
7,813
112
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Prince
George's
County
Public
Schools
.....................
MD
816,911
40,610
341,338
434,963
100.0
5.0
41.8
53.2
819,704
776,806
453,918
42,778
120
6,557
Board
of
Education,
Washington
County
....................
MD
127,603
7,674
59,258
60,671
100.0
6.0
46.4
47.5
124,872
113,388
69,816
9,855
1,629
5,812
Boston
.........................................................................
MA
598,771
40,715
165,841
392,215
100.0
6.8
27.7
65.5
528,728
505,728
312,037
13,729
9,271
8,225
Brockton
......................................................................
MA
91,169
5,807
8,258
77,104
100.0
6.4
9.1
84.6
85,485
85,317
54,500
0
168
5,947
Lowell
..........................................................................
MA
112,989
10,079
59,106
43,804
100.0
8.9
52.3
38.8
104,577
90,579
60,023
7,554
6,444
6,165
Springfield
....................................................................
MA
193,135
13,702
101,713
77,720
100.0
7.1
52.7
40.2
177,357
173,688
113,405
0
3,669
7,227
Worcester
....................................................................
MA
180,901
13,891
93,917
73,093
100.0
7.7
51.9
40.4
158,814
146,281
98,235
9,716
2,817
6,483
Ann
Arbor
....................................................................
MI
141,849
2,517
65,829
73,503
100.0
1.8
46.4
51.8
126,442
119,516
67,878
3,533
3,393
7,920
Dearborn
City
..............................................................
MI
121,794
4,089
57,086
60,619
100.0
3.4
46.9
49.8
129,266
103,125
60,470
21,323
4,818
7,119
Detroit
City
...................................................................
MI
1,261,256
107,607
997,451
156,198
100.0
8.5
79.1
12.4
1,224,334
1,187,944
794,609
17,561
18,829
6,953
Flint
City
......................................................................
MI
216,573
25,315
148,790
42,468
100.0
11.7
68.7
19.6
204,734
202,539
101,890
2,195
0
7,688
Grand
Rapids
City
.......................................................
MI
223,398
18,899
145,261
59,238
100.0
8.5
65.0
26.5
216,014
194,063
106,522
15,245
6,706
7,201
Lansing
Public
.............................................................
MI
169,403
12,067
110,752
46,584
100.0
7.1
65.4
27.5
151,947
149,656
79,049
752
1,539
7,439
Livonia
.........................................................................
MI
140,386
2,447
90,889
47,050
100.0
1.7
64.7
33.5
150,460
125,176
69,935
16,688
8,596
7,140
Plymouth­
Canton
Community
Schools
.......................
MI
100,245
2,192
71,060
26,993
100.0
2.2
70.9
26.9
105,356
90,133
50,866
10,743
4,480
6,024
Utica
Community
.........................................................
MI
169,908
2,534
123,696
43,678
100.0
1.5
72.8
25.7
154,689
148,188
90,040
3,027
3,474
6,058
Wayne­
Westland
Community
......................................
MI
111,114
3,324
78,101
29,689
100.0
3.0
70.3
26.7
104,415
102,766
60,265
142
1,507
6,739
Anoka­
Hennepin
..........................................................
MN
243,092
6,304
146,374
90,414
100.0
2.6
60.2
37.2
232,424
211,656
129,998
15,480
5,288
5,520
Minneapolis
.................................................................
MN
409,984
28,774
166,954
214,256
100.0
7.0
40.7
52.3
391,039
355,526
211,950
28,039
7,474
7,868
Osseo
..........................................................................
MN
143,353
3,208
77,908
62,237
100.0
2.2
54.3
43.4
163,229
117,304
76,235
36,086
9,839
5,529
Rochester
....................................................................
MN
104,363
3,379
46,936
54,048
100.0
3.2
45.0
51.8
92,067
86,563
55,512
3,333
2,171
5,723
Rosemount­
Apple
Valley­
Eagan
.................................
MN
146,651
3,038
80,270
63,343
100.0
2.1
54.7
43.2
148,831
116,621
79,277
20,765
11,445
4,679
St.
Paul
........................................................................
MN
307,347
25,883
162,369
119,095
100.0
8.4
52.8
38.7
316,202
269,584
161,167
40,338
6,280
6,618
Desoto
County
.............................................................
MS
58,646
4,070
34,039
20,537
100.0
6.9
58.0
35.0
62,936
47,175
28,963
13,401
2,360
3,085
Jackson
Public
............................................................
MS
164,446
19,712
70,044
74,690
100.0
12.0
42.6
45.4
155,358
143,178
85,362
7,565
4,615
4,374
Columbia
.....................................................................
MO
80,361
4,603
25,328
50,430
100.0
5.7
31.5
62.8
86,254
70,788
43,917
11,254
4,212
4,831
Francis
Howell
.............................................................
MO
80,355
1,632
28,413
50,310
100.0
2.0
35.4
62.6
82,905
72,545
47,664
5,775
4,585
4,410
Hazelwood
...................................................................
MO
94,152
1,580
20,270
72,302
100.0
1.7
21.5
76.8
97,330
89,256
53,893
6,919
1,155
4,945
Kansas
City
.................................................................
MO
412,489
29,439
211,342
171,708
100.0
7.1
51.2
41.6
416,102
345,322
160,432
70,780
0
9,436
North
Kansas
City
.......................................................
MO
86,088
2,932
20,815
62,341
100.0
3.4
24.2
72.4
81,559
77,455
50,612
2,740
1,364
4,721
Parkway
.......................................................................
MO
139,235
1,985
28,838
108,412
100.0
1.4
20.7
77.9
162,158
127,653
81,480
31,314
3,191
5,760
Rockwood
....................................................................
MO
113,883
5,678
25,023
83,182
100.0
5.0
22.0
73.0
100,804
91,234
54,801
4,327
5,243
4,777
Springfield
....................................................................
MO
113,271
7,064
34,550
71,657
100.0
6.2
30.5
63.3
110,686
104,700
64,145
1,797
4,189
4,227
St.
Louis
City
...............................................................
MO
377,166
40,589
164,446
172,131
100.0
10.8
43.6
45.6
389,548
309,688
159,873
67,240
12,620
7,543
Lincoln
.........................................................................
NE
203,946
11,797
54,335
137,814
100.0
5.8
26.6
67.6
203,735
169,457
113,898
30,567
3,711
5,583
Millard
..........................................................................
NE
100,077
2,243
39,727
58,107
100.0
2.2
39.7
58.1
122,140
83,271
57,403
34,370
4,499
4,658
Omaha
.........................................................................
NE
276,352
20,477
91,626
164,249
100.0
7.4
33.2
59.4
241,536
226,764
131,630
11,808
2,964
5,204
Clark
County
................................................................
NV
834,032
41,500
235,544
556,988
100.0
5.0
28.2
66.8
787,854
716,702
419,790
35,660
35,492
4,584
Washoe
County
...........................................................
NV
230,344
9,859
44,262
176,223
100.0
4.3
19.2
76.5
275,407
207,036
128,760
53,462
14,909
4,525
Manchester
..................................................................
NH
80,010
4,050
3,311
72,649
100.0
5.1
4.1
90.8
74,329
72,257
47,592
229
1,843
4,603
Camden
City
................................................................
NJ
212,244
17,898
179,025
15,321
100.0
8.4
84.3
7.2
207,375
196,329
107,738
9,800
1,246
9,997
Elizabeth
City
..............................................................
NJ
155,212
9,761
101,077
44,374
100.0
6.3
65.1
28.6
146,988
137,656
77,043
8,559
773
8,354
Jersey
City
...................................................................
NJ
287,108
21,069
176,669
89,370
100.0
7.3
61.5
31.1
279,356
262,611
157,878
16,745
0
8,446
Newark
City
.................................................................
NJ
544,710
31,188
419,106
94,416
100.0
5.7
76.9
17.3
547,700
508,477
274,748
33,246
5,977
10,925
Paterson
City
...............................................................
NJ
240,597
18,809
176,305
45,483
100.0
7.8
73.3
18.9
215,712
210,711
130,905
5,001
0
9,199
Toms
River
Regional
...................................................
NJ
143,895
2,842
62,770
78,283
100.0
2.0
43.6
54.4
131,252
125,030
73,936
5,663
559
7,456
Albuquerque
................................................................
NM
445,156
31,788
342,518
70,850
100.0
7.1
76.9
15.9
421,522
373,790
227,673
46,663
1,069
4,200
Las
Cruces
..................................................................
NM
106,670
11,631
80,848
14,191
100.0
10.9
75.8
13.3
95,192
87,419
50,197
5,050
2,723
4,009
Buffalo
City
..................................................................
NY
435,857
37,257
311,549
87,051
100.0
8.5
71.5
20.0
422,823
399,729
264,282
18,300
4,794
8,399
New
York
City
.............................................................
NY
8,025,686
846,971
3,275,295
3,903,420
100.0
10.6
40.8
48.6
8,938,067
7,788,536
5,545,767
884,940
264,591
7,617
Rochester
City
.............................................................
NY
378,465
32,854
203,885
141,726
100.0
8.7
53.9
37.4
363,642
319,446
202,468
39,975
4,221
8,854
Syracuse
City
..............................................................
NY
218,334
20,330
131,851
66,153
100.0
9.3
60.4
30.3
218,493
192,722
128,866
20,765
5,006
8,203
Yonkers
City
................................................................
NY
238,949
11,879
84,440
142,630
100.0
5.0
35.3
59.7
226,115
217,693
141,683
5,125
3,297
9,972
Alamance­
Burlington
...................................................
NC
55,347
3,543
35,745
16,059
100.0
6.4
64.6
29.0
56,565
49,760
30,900
5,261
1,544
4,384
113
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Buncombe
County
.......................................................
NC
128,848
6,650
79,124
43,074
100.0
5.2
61.4
33.4
132,374
115,005
71,395
13,551
3,818
4,803
Cabarrus
County
.........................................................
NC
74,030
3,942
47,755
22,333
100.0
5.3
64.5
30.2
69,084
66,761
43,584
552
1,771
4,412
Charlotte­
Mecklenburg
................................................
NC
452,326
30,524
270,263
151,539
100.0
6.7
59.7
33.5
530,059
445,564
273,901
66,804
17,691
5,180
Cumberland
County
....................................................
NC
230,211
27,162
151,465
51,584
100.0
11.8
65.8
22.4
247,491
219,673
136,977
25,376
2,442
4,394
Davidson
County
.........................................................
NC
72,408
3,750
54,181
14,477
100.0
5.2
74.8
20.0
82,743
72,389
46,198
9,405
949
4,186
Durham
........................................................................
NC
158,208
8,778
87,315
62,115
100.0
5.5
55.2
39.3
191,321
155,746
91,615
26,187
9,388
5,589
Forsyth
County
............................................................
NC
211,325
10,991
125,321
75,013
100.0
5.2
59.3
35.5
218,031
205,687
129,289
7,769
4,575
5,200
Gaston
County
............................................................
NC
133,834
8,714
94,428
30,692
100.0
6.5
70.6
22.9
150,840
128,783
84,157
21,565
492
4,408
Guilford
County
...........................................................
NC
314,444
17,262
182,642
114,540
100.0
5.5
58.1
36.4
308,367
297,907
182,088
9,367
1,093
5,350
Johnston
County
.........................................................
NC
82,818
4,631
55,874
22,313
100.0
5.6
67.5
26.9
80,921
72,642
45,063
7,886
393
4,517
Nash­
Rocky
Mount
......................................................
NC
97,759
8,246
54,968
34,545
100.0
8.4
56.2
35.3
85,487
80,623
50,735
4,864
0
4,569
New
Hanover
County
..................................................
NC
107,412
7,395
65,499
34,518
100.0
6.9
61.0
32.1
105,459
98,121
60,904
6,711
627
4,709
Onslow
County
............................................................
NC
83,810
7,592
60,862
15,356
100.0
9.1
72.6
18.3
84,616
80,014
49,970
3,994
608
3,957
Pitt
County
...................................................................
NC
90,695
8,205
60,993
21,497
100.0
9.0
67.3
23.7
89,390
86,808
54,105
985
1,597
4,536
Randolph
County
.........................................................
NC
68,328
3,746
46,840
17,742
100.0
5.5
68.6
26.0
68,143
61,572
39,046
4,497
2,074
4,147
Robeson
County
..........................................................
NC
108,671
14,722
77,135
16,814
100.0
13.5
71.0
15.5
108,935
105,600
66,354
2,964
371
4,498
Rowan­
Salisbury
.........................................................
NC
83,336
5,508
59,631
18,197
100.0
6.6
71.6
21.8
99,789
82,103
52,459
16,490
1,196
4,499
Union
County
...............................................................
NC
85,981
4,607
55,998
25,376
100.0
5.4
65.1
29.5
83,678
78,755
49,368
2,450
2,473
4,477
Wake
County
...............................................................
NC
476,673
17,395
236,611
222,667
100.0
3.6
49.6
46.7
442,750
357,563
221,495
68,198
16,989
4,648
Wayne
County
.............................................................
NC
85,612
9,813
60,068
15,731
100.0
11.5
70.2
18.4
86,710
82,786
52,435
2,825
1,099
4,471
Akron
City
....................................................................
OH
193,978
26,074
86,476
81,428
100.0
13.4
44.6
42.0
191,126
184,315
108,958
5,607
1,204
5,503
Cincinnati
City
.............................................................
OH
360,756
45,784
122,397
192,575
100.0
12.7
33.9
53.4
356,031
337,158
207,355
17,852
1,021
6,379
Cleveland
City
.............................................................
OH
512,249
68,679
275,610
167,960
100.0
13.4
53.8
32.8
503,318
480,505
281,352
9,056
13,757
6,511
Columbus
City
.............................................................
OH
439,538
40,923
151,251
247,364
100.0
9.3
34.4
56.3
420,856
407,461
217,904
8,214
5,181
6,192
Dayton
City
..................................................................
OH
201,866
27,099
84,055
90,712
100.0
13.4
41.6
44.9
190,075
185,996
103,954
4,059
20
6,587
South­
Western
City
.....................................................
OH
106,923
5,738
36,172
65,013
100.0
5.4
33.8
60.8
109,694
91,384
52,214
15,767
2,543
5,156
Toledo
City
..................................................................
OH
255,509
26,038
114,503
114,968
100.0
10.2
44.8
45.0
236,539
234,168
133,511
2,037
334
6,001
Edmond
.......................................................................
OK
68,106
1,937
35,250
30,919
100.0
2.8
51.8
45.4
70,653
57,865
35,287
9,992
2,796
3,811
Lawton
.........................................................................
OK
82,080
9,448
54,500
18,132
100.0
11.5
66.4
22.1
82,179
81,428
46,624
751
0
4,344
Midwest/
Del
City
..........................................................
OK
74,741
5,579
45,908
23,254
100.0
7.5
61.4
31.1
71,990
66,442
42,120
4,336
1,212
4,217
Moore
..........................................................................
OK
76,546
3,362
50,514
22,670
100.0
4.4
66.0
29.6
80,335
71,710
44,824
7,310
1,315
3,995
Oklahoma
City
.............................................................
OK
202,182
24,792
106,339
71,051
100.0
12.3
52.6
35.1
238,924
181,466
105,288
51,506
5,952
4,647
Putnam
City
.................................................................
OK
85,008
4,147
45,727
35,134
100.0
4.9
53.8
41.3
81,610
74,983
45,613
3,973
2,654
3,973
Tulsa
............................................................................
OK
210,285
18,705
103,750
87,830
100.0
8.9
49.3
41.8
199,579
191,705
103,379
5,212
2,662
4,699
Beaverton
....................................................................
OR
144,538
4,416
54,219
85,903
100.0
3.1
37.5
59.4
142,809
133,172
80,903
4,366
5,271
4,750
Eugene
........................................................................
OR
109,092
7,854
45,079
56,159
100.0
7.2
41.3
51.5
123,295
97,618
61,777
22,664
3,013
5,293
Hillsboro
.......................................................................
OR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Portland
.......................................................................
OR
366,819
29,766
154,505
182,548
100.0
8.1
42.1
49.8
353,739
344,151
211,968
1,060
8,528
6,275
Salem/
Keizer
...............................................................
OR
183,787
10,028
94,815
78,944
100.0
5.5
51.6
43.0
199,530
158,802
98,049
34,654
6,074
5,502
Allentown
City
..............................................................
PA
102,836
6,114
33,565
63,157
100.0
5.9
32.6
61.4
89,014
87,510
61,010
380
1,124
5,958
Philadelphia
City
..........................................................
PA
1,389,214
163,445
684,446
541,323
100.0
11.8
49.3
39.0
1,102,589
1,065,286
657,215
5,446
31,857
5,104
Pittsburgh
....................................................................
PA
386,767
28,389
143,356
215,022
100.0
7.3
37.1
55.6
341,392
324,832
182,073
12,340
4,220
8,179
Providence
...................................................................
RI
182,183
18,714
98,340
65,129
100.0
10.3
54.0
35.7
173,748
162,140
104,040
7,732
3,876
6,873
Aiken
County
...............................................................
SC
114,991
9,169
57,693
48,129
100.0
8.0
50.2
41.9
111,949
97,720
59,640
12,948
1,281
3,959
Berkeley
County
..........................................................
SC
119,156
13,120
67,966
38,070
100.0
11.0
57.0
31.9
110,408
106,871
60,914
2,392
1,145
3,899
Charleston
County
.......................................................
SC
230,841
23,705
95,809
111,327
100.0
10.3
41.5
48.2
208,343
196,759
117,719
6,423
5,161
4,405
Dorchester
...................................................................
SC
66,592
3,773
36,529
26,290
100.0
5.7
54.9
39.5
63,040
58,716
38,001
1,592
2,732
3,897
Greenville
County
........................................................
SC
270,002
16,883
118,526
134,593
100.0
6.3
43.9
49.8
257,636
232,604
137,748
20,323
4,709
4,302
Horry
County
...............................................................
SC
143,102
11,278
48,816
83,008
100.0
7.9
34.1
58.0
133,305
122,782
73,180
6,195
4,328
4,862
Pickens
County
...........................................................
SC
69,797
4,090
34,457
31,250
100.0
5.9
49.4
44.8
68,223
62,001
40,612
4,726
1,496
4,094
Richland
#
2
.................................................................
SC
79,934
4,327
33,677
41,930
100.0
5.4
42.1
52.5
82,194
68,571
41,993
10,835
2,788
4,795
Richland
#
1
.................................................................
SC
161,203
15,170
58,895
87,138
100.0
9.4
36.5
54.1
156,553
145,535
83,671
8,961
2,057
5,368
Sioux
Falls
...................................................................
SD
95,462
5,056
14,918
75,488
100.0
5.3
15.6
79.1
88,337
83,759
52,246
1,247
3,331
4,637
Chattanooga
City
.........................................................
TN
102,890
11,761
38,928
52,201
100.0
11.4
37.8
50.7
104,905
92,641
57,815
10,375
1,889
4,576
Hamilton
County
..........................................................
TN
105,596
5,153
44,709
55,734
100.0
4.9
42.3
52.8
100,129
95,954
64,831
1,852
2,323
3,978
Knox
County
................................................................
TN
243,518
10,158
97,433
135,927
100.0
4.2
40.0
55.8
235,564
208,616
138,982
23,162
3,786
3,990
Memphis
City
...............................................................
TN
529,532
60,884
221,208
247,440
100.0
11.5
41.8
46.7
504,492
480,269
299,223
23,151
1,072
4,421
114
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Montgomery
County
....................................................
TN
78,536
6,799
41,507
30,230
100.0
8.7
52.9
38.5
82,910
70,824
45,535
8,778
3,308
3,445
Nashville­
Davidson
......................................................
TN
361,966
27,621
131,194
203,151
100.0
7.6
36.2
56.1
386,593
342,535
216,349
38,508
5,550
4,786
Rutherford
County
.......................................................
TN
86,260
4,215
43,764
38,281
100.0
4.9
50.7
44.4
83,199
78,974
52,116
2,129
2,096
3,784
Shelby
County
.............................................................
TN
172,784
6,516
83,192
83,076
100.0
3.8
48.1
48.1
185,529
151,409
100,799
30,021
4,099
3,453
Sumner
County
...........................................................
TN
84,743
4,835
44,598
35,310
100.0
5.7
52.6
41.7
81,337
77,428
50,296
1,251
2,658
3,682
Williamson
County
.......................................................
TN
61,167
2,100
29,084
29,983
100.0
3.4
47.5
49.0
86,856
59,228
38,147
19,600
8,028
3,955
Abilene
ISD
.................................................................
TX
106,991
8,287
64,746
33,958
100.0
7.7
60.5
31.7
100,318
95,359
63,368
2,904
2,055
4,836
Aldine
ISD
...................................................................
TX
228,143
11,186
121,122
95,835
100.0
4.9
53.1
42.0
245,785
216,905
138,930
24,270
4,610
4,950
Alief
ISD
......................................................................
TX
189,274
9,208
88,191
91,875
100.0
4.9
46.6
48.5
184,406
156,234
98,161
14,809
13,363
4,505
Amarillo
ISD
................................................................
TX
139,324
11,133
70,403
57,788
100.0
8.0
50.5
41.5
132,911
125,944
79,264
3,707
3,260
4,255
Arlington
ISD
...............................................................
TX
221,517
5,641
59,043
156,833
100.0
2.5
26.7
70.8
213,847
188,725
120,879
14,967
10,155
3,753
Austin
ISD
...................................................................
TX
407,812
26,922
79,683
301,207
100.0
6.6
19.5
73.9
376,081
354,093
212,369
8,425
13,563
4,838
Beaumont
ISD
.............................................................
TX
113,461
12,556
25,690
75,215
100.0
11.1
22.6
66.3
109,236
103,122
61,528
5,144
970
5,141
Birdville
ISD
.................................................................
TX
107,040
6,584
41,966
58,490
100.0
6.2
39.2
54.6
104,035
88,434
58,530
12,942
2,659
4,481
Brownsville
ISD
...........................................................
TX
231,566
33,644
166,619
31,303
100.0
14.5
72.0
13.5
219,567
206,936
134,825
11,057
1,574
5,159
Carrollton­
Farmers
Branch
ISD
...................................
TX
136,249
3,744
16,312
116,193
100.0
2.7
12.0
85.3
107,734
90,210
54,568
13,482
4,042
4,576
Clear
Creek
ISD
..........................................................
TX
142,167
3,862
20,902
117,403
100.0
2.7
14.7
82.6
144,590
113,060
69,404
24,312
7,218
4,468
Conroe
ISD
..................................................................
TX
153,520
5,164
63,405
84,951
100.0
3.4
41.3
55.3
208,652
146,651
82,612
51,409
10,592
5,326
Corpus
Christi
ISD
......................................................
TX
219,113
20,396
110,942
87,775
100.0
9.3
50.6
40.1
209,586
194,092
119,739
9,264
6,230
4,632
Cypress­
Fairbanks
ISD
...............................................
TX
271,586
7,499
90,200
173,887
100.0
2.8
33.2
64.0
270,286
234,004
139,008
22,832
13,450
4,740
Dallas
ISD
...................................................................
TX
773,795
74,611
174,794
524,390
100.0
9.6
22.6
67.8
817,273
744,392
441,327
55,369
17,512
5,133
Ector
County
ISD
........................................................
TX
133,114
12,430
57,780
62,904
100.0
9.3
43.4
47.3
137,035
117,614
70,312
16,005
3,416
4,176
Edinburg
ISD
...............................................................
TX
103,227
12,928
65,355
24,944
100.0
12.5
63.3
24.2
112,797
91,434
56,340
18,578
2,785
5,007
El
Paso
ISD
.................................................................
TX
329,652
36,119
168,112
125,421
100.0
11.0
51.0
38.0
333,861
295,785
184,492
26,941
11,135
4,559
Fort
Bend
ISD
.............................................................
TX
223,946
6,413
97,440
120,093
100.0
2.9
43.5
53.6
216,126
178,582
108,338
28,417
9,127
4,142
Fort
Worth
ISD
............................................................
TX
383,210
34,941
165,132
183,137
100.0
9.1
43.1
47.8
354,771
344,092
195,813
4,598
6,081
4,756
Galena
Park
ISD
.........................................................
TX
65,164
5,892
18,023
41,249
100.0
9.0
27.7
63.3
80,245
72,930
41,060
5,767
1,548
4,292
Garland
ISD
.................................................................
TX
203,679
8,265
91,562
103,852
100.0
4.1
45.0
51.0
209,170
168,972
104,477
28,856
11,342
3,982
Goose
Creek
ISD
........................................................
TX
106,966
6,532
17,878
82,556
100.0
6.1
16.7
77.2
98,046
87,689
51,664
5,506
4,851
4,916
Grand
Prairie
ISD
........................................................
TX
88,615
5,993
46,032
36,590
100.0
6.8
51.9
41.3
80,730
74,709
45,763
3,154
2,867
4,252
Harlandale
ISD
............................................................
TX
93,714
10,287
66,821
16,606
100.0
11.0
71.3
17.7
84,297
81,704
49,263
1,547
1,046
5,546
Harlingen
Cons
ISD
....................................................
TX
83,022
9,749
51,683
21,590
100.0
11.7
62.3
26.0
74,934
70,225
45,391
3,471
1,238
4,418
Houston
ISD
................................................................
TX
1,043,913
114,850
269,808
659,255
100.0
11.0
25.8
63.2
1,050,508
967,353
560,358
62,643
20,512
4,785
Humble
ISD
.................................................................
TX
121,481
3,215
46,778
71,488
100.0
2.6
38.5
58.8
130,515
98,046
57,732
23,370
9,099
4,534
Hurst­
Euless­
Bedford
ISD
...........................................
TX
98,086
3,733
19,848
74,505
100.0
3.8
20.2
76.0
103,954
84,210
54,740
15,558
4,186
4,393
Irving
ISD
.....................................................................
TX
133,688
6,663
33,402
93,623
100.0
5.0
25.0
70.0
129,653
113,814
71,673
9,498
6,341
4,409
Judson
ISD
..................................................................
TX
75,803
4,450
40,227
31,126
100.0
5.9
53.1
41.1
74,180
62,910
39,531
8,098
3,172
4,366
Katy
ISD
......................................................................
TX
128,410
3,351
40,689
84,370
100.0
2.6
31.7
65.7
135,790
103,210
64,037
24,842
7,738
4,347
Killeen
ISD
...................................................................
TX
133,125
22,424
82,625
28,076
100.0
16.8
62.1
21.1
149,460
113,758
67,785
33,004
2,698
4,153
Klein
ISD
.....................................................................
TX
154,591
4,740
71,129
78,722
100.0
3.1
46.0
50.9
153,115
136,462
83,839
7,571
9,082
4,745
Laredo
ISD
..................................................................
TX
107,654
12,146
69,536
25,972
100.0
11.3
64.6
24.1
128,452
119,376
71,121
8,050
1,026
5,052
Lewisville
ISD
..............................................................
TX
131,704
3,572
44,528
83,604
100.0
2.7
33.8
63.5
143,748
110,667
71,784
24,020
9,061
4,198
Lubbock
ISD
................................................................
TX
167,210
14,988
78,495
73,727
100.0
9.0
46.9
44.1
157,647
148,034
91,224
6,236
3,377
4,871
McAllen
ISD
.................................................................
TX
137,080
13,679
82,857
40,544
100.0
10.0
60.4
29.6
116,414
111,273
69,706
3,220
1,921
5,094
Mesquite
ISD
...............................................................
TX
138,387
5,144
70,702
62,541
100.0
3.7
51.1
45.2
140,400
112,146
67,771
18,738
9,516
3,891
Midland
ISD
.................................................................
TX
110,418
9,757
49,692
50,969
100.0
8.8
45.0
46.2
105,947
100,389
61,395
3,628
1,930
4,351
North
East
ISD
............................................................
TX
240,064
11,303
75,287
153,474
100.0
4.7
31.4
63.9
216,244
205,729
128,361
6,931
3,584
4,731
Northside
ISD
..............................................................
TX
303,540
18,000
141,571
143,969
100.0
5.9
46.6
47.4
265,086
245,652
156,303
7,864
11,570
4,377
Pasadena
ISD
.............................................................
TX
171,618
12,620
68,925
90,073
100.0
7.4
40.2
52.5
188,008
180,429
108,246
4,531
3,048
4,604
Pharr­
San
Juan­
Alamo
ISD
.........................................
TX
118,811
17,962
83,497
17,352
100.0
15.1
70.3
14.6
105,082
100,321
62,697
3,768
993
5,018
Plano
ISD
....................................................................
TX
241,482
5,311
25,438
210,733
100.0
2.2
10.5
87.3
253,618
183,955
115,077
58,753
10,910
5,050
Richardson
ISD
...........................................................
TX
198,471
5,770
25,481
167,220
100.0
2.9
12.8
84.3
183,970
162,655
98,182
14,779
6,536
4,834
Round
Rock
ISD
.........................................................
TX
139,534
4,018
56,213
79,303
100.0
2.9
40.3
56.8
129,324
113,199
72,547
9,939
6,186
4,728
San
Angelo
ISD
...........................................................
TX
72,900
6,905
36,412
29,583
100.0
9.5
49.9
40.6
76,703
72,318
46,197
4,170
215
4,163
San
Antonio
ISD
..........................................................
TX
357,965
45,367
209,616
102,982
100.0
12.7
58.6
28.8
345,142
330,576
205,264
12,217
2,349
5,471
Socorro
ISD
.................................................................
TX
101,652
8,766
70,880
22,006
100.0
8.6
69.7
21.6
102,338
89,640
54,143
8,642
4,056
4,763
Spring
Branch
ISD
......................................................
TX
194,104
12,496
27,708
153,900
100.0
6.4
14.3
79.3
179,315
153,147
91,989
19,976
6,192
5,385
Spring
ISD
...................................................................
TX
106,318
3,792
41,546
60,980
100.0
3.6
39.1
57.4
104,447
94,505
58,518
7,880
2,062
4,788
Tyler
ISD
.....................................................................
TX
82,031
7,046
29,381
45,604
100.0
8.6
35.8
55.6
78,739
76,516
46,750
623
1,600
4,594
United
ISD
...................................................................
TX
104,928
8,397
51,281
45,250
100.0
8.0
48.9
43.1
121,355
86,522
50,325
29,870
4,963
4,670
Waco
ISD
....................................................................
TX
77,426
5,460
43,836
28,130
100.0
7.1
56.6
36.3
81,931
78,640
46,129
1,819
1,472
5,053
115
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
AND
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
94.
 
Revenues
and
expenditures
of
public
school
districts
enrolling
more
than
15,000
pupils,
by
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
Name
of
district,
by
state
State
Revenue
by
source
of
funds,

in
thousands
of
dollars
Percentage
distribution
of
revenues
Expenditures,

in
thousands
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Federal
State
Local
Total
Current
expenditures
Capital
outlay
Interest
on
school
debt
Total
Instruction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Wichita
Falls
ISD
.........................................................
TX
81,710
6,465
38,277
36,968
100.0
7.9
46.8
45.2
90,590
74,546
46,915
12,670
3,374
4,685
Ysleta
ISD
...................................................................
TX
247,465
23,880
157,522
66,063
100.0
9.6
63.7
26.7
254,282
226,021
138,940
24,364
3,897
4,751
Alpine
...........................................................................
UT
173,823
7,951
100,157
65,715
100.0
4.6
57.6
37.8
167,404
137,379
92,495
24,001
6,024
3,270
Davis
............................................................................
UT
213,123
17,240
132,101
63,782
100.0
8.1
62.0
29.9
218,288
183,113
116,130
27,121
8,054
3,150
Granite
.........................................................................
UT
297,466
20,517
169,658
107,291
100.0
6.9
57.0
36.1
277,059
266,530
176,366
9,564
965
3,391
Jordan
..........................................................................
UT
298,781
12,841
160,055
125,885
100.0
4.3
53.6
42.1
324,367
240,330
161,718
77,927
6,110
3,396
Nebo
............................................................................
UT
70,482
3,974
42,595
23,913
100.0
5.6
60.4
33.9
77,324
60,473
40,341
14,002
2,849
3,299
Salt
Lake
City
..............................................................
UT
133,252
14,327
41,882
77,043
100.0
10.8
31.4
57.8
159,960
111,244
66,656
48,233
483
4,307
Washington
..................................................................
UT
59,880
3,243
34,572
22,065
100.0
5.4
57.7
36.8
65,054
49,903
32,589
12,005
3,146
3,015
Weber
..........................................................................
UT
104,324
6,237
66,540
31,547
100.0
6.0
63.8
30.2
94,501
90,980
60,028
405
3,116
3,322
Arlington
County
..........................................................
VA
166,942
5,890
12,136
148,916
100.0
3.5
7.3
89.2
173,068
144,609
78,705
25,355
3,104
8,580
Chesapeake
City
.........................................................
VA
171,727
8,864
69,322
93,541
100.0
5.2
40.4
54.5
202,703
162,340
102,759
38,735
1,628
4,757
Chesterfield
County
.....................................................
VA
257,367
8,531
88,398
160,438
100.0
3.3
34.3
62.3
245,409
216,974
136,741
16,188
12,247
4,516
Fairfax
County
.............................................................
VA
987,175
28,527
109,853
848,795
100.0
2.9
11.1
86.0
1,033,853
923,369
565,285
80,484
30,000
6,708
Hampton
City
...............................................................
VA
116,991
8,761
48,700
59,530
100.0
7.5
41.6
50.9
110,821
107,512
68,301
3,207
102
4,588
Henrico
County
............................................................
VA
209,069
7,414
56,159
145,496
100.0
3.5
26.9
69.6
211,700
182,093
112,161
23,343
6,264
5,067
Loudoun
County
..........................................................
VA
122,914
3,118
12,235
107,561
100.0
2.5
10.0
87.5
135,098
105,335
64,245
27,571
2,192
5,810
Newport
News
City
......................................................
VA
168,127
15,013
68,116
84,998
100.0
8.9
40.5
50.6
171,799
148,126
89,765
22,044
1,629
4,583
Norfolk
City
..................................................................
VA
217,255
23,346
82,924
110,985
100.0
10.7
38.2
51.1
204,727
191,007
113,035
13,365
355
5,236
Portsmouth
City
...........................................................
VA
100,670
11,514
46,695
42,461
100.0
11.4
46.4
42.2
93,535
90,729
52,357
1,799
1,007
5,103
Prince
William
County
.................................................
VA
281,102
9,567
87,443
184,092
100.0
3.4
31.1
65.5
275,872
251,258
147,672
19,706
4,908
5,501
Richmond
City
.............................................................
VA
201,324
18,320
52,061
130,943
100.0
9.1
25.9
65.0
199,294
189,515
107,495
8,473
1,306
6,833
Spotsylvania
County
....................................................
VA
71,285
2,961
29,584
38,740
100.0
4.2
41.5
54.3
80,106
66,965
41,990
7,370
5,771
4,548
Stafford
County
...........................................................
VA
88,814
3,357
30,350
55,107
100.0
3.8
34.2
62.0
95,733
73,713
45,754
17,133
4,887
4,768
Virginia
Beach
City
......................................................
VA
386,470
27,304
152,484
206,682
100.0
7.1
39.5
53.5
399,161
350,790
226,169
36,596
11,775
4,620
Bellevue
.......................................................................
WA
109,838
2,647
61,194
45,997
100.0
2.4
55.7
41.9
106,788
86,452
48,871
19,133
1,203
5,761
Edmonds
.....................................................................
WA
127,542
4,912
85,136
37,494
100.0
3.9
66.8
29.4
129,142
109,953
66,193
14,279
4,910
5,369
Everett
.........................................................................
WA
117,134
4,032
77,048
36,054
100.0
3.4
65.8
30.8
117,229
92,285
55,340
16,949
7,995
5,429
Evergreen
(
Clark)
........................................................
WA
104,171
3,461
74,425
26,285
100.0
3.3
71.4
25.2
103,648
90,920
54,694
8,884
3,844
5,423
Federal
Way
................................................................
WA
125,403
4,279
86,393
34,731
100.0
3.4
68.9
27.7
120,134
102,262
60,948
12,306
5,566
5,090
Highline
........................................................................
WA
107,130
5,820
72,926
28,384
100.0
5.4
68.1
26.5
103,683
96,139
58,063
4,570
2,974
5,429
Kent
.............................................................................
WA
150,661
5,252
96,347
49,062
100.0
3.5
63.9
32.6
158,960
123,970
75,014
25,653
9,337
5,210
Lake
Washington
.........................................................
WA
156,135
3,401
95,520
57,214
100.0
2.2
61.2
36.6
135,285
123,445
74,776
3,440
8,400
5,118
Northshore
...................................................................
WA
125,651
2,160
79,439
44,052
100.0
1.7
63.2
35.1
133,272
100,605
63,040
24,390
8,277
5,351
Puyallup
.......................................................................
WA
105,151
2,672
69,870
32,609
100.0
2.5
66.4
31.0
99,841
88,713
53,020
5,674
5,454
5,239
Seattle
.........................................................................
WA
312,293
26,125
198,562
87,606
100.0
8.4
63.6
28.1
319,121
308,880
172,534
10,101
140
6,633
Spokane
......................................................................
WA
188,123
11,494
130,108
46,521
100.0
6.1
69.2
24.7
181,093
167,855
102,546
9,941
3,297
5,290
Tacoma
........................................................................
WA
221,866
18,254
136,317
67,295
100.0
8.2
61.4
30.3
210,295
199,176
119,161
9,695
1,424
6,271
Vancouver
...................................................................
WA
118,559
6,007
83,673
28,879
100.0
5.1
70.6
24.4
130,397
105,683
62,508
19,545
5,169
5,498
Kanawha
County
.........................................................
WV
198,611
15,362
111,230
72,019
100.0
7.7
56.0
36.3
182,157
180,103
115,706
1,294
760
5,444
Green
Bay
Area
..........................................................
WI
132,386
6,864
57,636
67,886
100.0
5.2
43.5
51.3
127,725
118,840
77,646
5,666
3,219
6,221
Kenosha
......................................................................
WI
119,227
6,448
55,366
57,413
100.0
5.4
46.4
48.2
120,902
109,394
69,060
8,010
3,498
6,142
Madison
Metropolitan
..................................................
WI
205,389
6,307
35,068
164,014
100.0
3.1
17.1
79.9
194,781
186,362
121,856
4,552
3,867
7,490
Milwaukee
....................................................................
WI
730,362
75,760
417,162
237,440
100.0
10.4
57.1
32.5
738,639
712,360
449,289
24,424
1,855
6,922
Racine
.........................................................................
WI
152,048
6,850
76,077
69,121
100.0
4.5
50.0
45.5
149,285
142,702
92,932
3,144
3,439
6,495
1
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
based
on
fall
enrollment
collected
by
the
Bureau
of
the
Census.

 
ISD=
Independent
school
district.

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;

and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
``
Survey
of
Local
Government
Finances.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
116
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOL
DISTRICTS
Table
95.
 
Enrollment
of
the
130
largest
public
school
districts:
Fall
1996
Name
of
school
district
State
Rank
order
1
Enrollment,
fall
1996
Name
of
school
district
State
Rank
order
1
Enrollment,
fall
1996
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
New
York
City
..........................................
NY
1
1,063,561
Jefferson
Parish
.......................................
LA
66
55,876
Los
Angeles
Unified
.................................
CA
2
667,305
Oakland
Unified
.......................................
CA
67
53,462
City
of
Chicago
........................................
IL
3
469,098
Arlington
ISD
............................................
TX
68
53,343
Dade
County
............................................
FL
4
341,117
Cypress­
Fairbanks
ISD
............................
TX
69
52,930
Broward
County
.......................................
FL
5
218,608
Lee
County
...............................................
FL
70
52,317
Philadelphia
..............................................
PA
6
212,150
Santa
Ana
Unified
....................................
CA
71
52,107
Houston
ISD
.............................................
TX
7
209,375
Sacramento
City
Unified
..........................
CA
72
51,240
Hawaii
Public
Schools
.............................
HI
8
187,653
Knox
County
............................................
TN
73
51,224
Detroit
Public
Schools
..............................
MI
9
182,316
Cumberland
County
.................................
NC
74
51,035
Clark
County
............................................
NV
10
179,106
Cincinnati
City
..........................................
OH
75
50,396
Dallas
ISD
................................................
TX
11
154,847
Chesterfield
County
.................................
VA
76
49,781
Hillsborough
County
.................................
FL
12
147,826
Washoe
County
.......................................
NV
77
49,671
Fairfax
County
..........................................
VA
13
143,266
Caddo
Parish
...........................................
LA
78
49,577
Palm
Beach
County
.................................
FL
14
137,585
Prince
William
County
..............................
VA
79
48,333
San
Diego
City
Unified
............................
CA
15
133,687
Anchorage
................................................
AK
80
48,109
Orange
County
School
Board
..................
FL
16
129,143
Minneapolis
Special
.................................
MN
81
47,978
Duval
County
...........................................
FL
17
126,118
Buffalo
City
...............................................
NY
82
47,845
Prince
George's
County
...........................
MD
18
125,198
San
Juan
Unified
.....................................
CA
83
47,819
Montgomery
County
.................................
MD
19
122,505
Seattle
......................................................
WA
84
47,629
Memphis
City
...........................................
TN
20
111,156
Ysleta
ISD
................................................
TX
85
47,366
Baltimore
City
...........................................
MD
21
108,759
Aldine
ISD
................................................
TX
86
47,242
Pinellas
County
........................................
FL
22
107,060
Fort
Bend
ISD
..........................................
TX
87
46,881
Baltimore
County
.....................................
MD
23
104,073
Shelby
County
..........................................
TN
88
46,454
Milwaukee
City
.........................................
WI
24
101,007
Wichita
Unified
.........................................
KS
89
46,391
Charlotte­
Mecklenburg
.............................
NC
25
93,533
San
Bernardino
City
Unified
....................
CA
90
46,309
Jefferson
County
......................................
KY
26
91,878
Newark
.....................................................
NJ
91
45,805
DeKalb
County
.........................................
GA
27
90,311
Escambia
County
.....................................
FL
92
45,744
Albuquerque
.............................................
NM
28
89,092
North
East
ISD
.........................................
TX
93
45,184
Gwinnett
County
......................................
GA
29
88,855
Garland
ISD
.............................................
TX
94
44,869
Jefferson
County
......................................
CO
30
86,670
Omaha
City
..............................................
NE
95
44,761
Cobb
County
............................................
GA
31
85,765
Garden
Grove
Unified
..............................
CA
96
44,661
Wake
County
...........................................
NC
32
85,735
St
Louis
City
Board
of
Education
............
MO
97
44,620
Orleans
Parish
.........................................
LA
33
85,064
Indianapolis
Public
Schools
.....................
IN
98
44,434
Long
Beach
Unified
.................................
CA
34
83,038
St.
Paul
Independent
...............................
MN
99
43,766
D.
C.
Public
Schools
.................................
DC
35
78,648
Alpine
.......................................................
UT
100
43,719
Fresno
Unified
..........................................
CA
36
78,470
Pasco
County
School
Board
....................
FL
101
43,461
Virginia
Beach
City
..................................
VA
37
76,677
Charleston
County
...................................
SC
102
43,457
Granite
.....................................................
UT
38
76,456
Forsyth
County­
Winston­
Salem
...............
NC
103
41,851
Austin
ISD
................................................
TX
39
76,054
Jefferson
County
......................................
AL
104
41,663
Fort
Worth
ISD
.........................................
TX
40
75,813
Clayton
County
........................................
GA
105
41,658
Polk
County
..............................................
FL
41
74,808
Tulsa
........................................................
OK
106
41,644
Cleveland
City
..........................................
OH
42
74,026
Corpus
Christi
..........................................
TX
107
41,606
Jordan
......................................................
UT
43
72,748
Birmingham
City
.......................................
AL
108
41,133
Anne
Arundel
County
...............................
MD
44
72,322
Plano
ISD
.................................................
TX
109
40,864
Mesa
Unified
............................................
AZ
45
70,181
Pasadena
ISD
..........................................
TX
110
40,512
Nashville­
Davidson
County
......................
TN
46
69,888
Brownsville
ISD
........................................
TX
111
40,494
Brevard
County
........................................
FL
47
66,663
Pittsburgh
City
..........................................
PA
112
39,955
Denver
......................................................
CO
48
66,331
Anoka­
Hennepin
......................................
MN
113
39,874
Mobile
County
..........................................
AL
49
64,833
Oklahoma
City
.........................................
OK
114
39,827
El
Paso
ISD
.............................................
TX
50
64,444
Toledo
City
...............................................
OH
115
39,712
Columbus
City
..........................................
OH
51
63,894
Howard
County
........................................
MD
116
38,857
Boston
City
...............................................
MA
52
63,239
Kansas
City
..............................................
MO
117
38,521
Tucson
Unified
.........................................
AZ
53
62,867
Alief
ISD
...................................................
TX
118
38,383
East
Baton
Rouge
Parish
........................
LA
54
61,499
Henrico
County
........................................
VA
119
38,102
San
Antonio
ISD
......................................
TX
55
61,361
Rochester
City
.........................................
NY
120
37,912
San
Francisco
Unified
..............................
CA
56
61,174
Elk
Grove
Unified
.....................................
CA
121
37,787
Atlanta
Public
Schools
.............................
GA
57
60,064
Harford
County
.........................................
MD
122
37,709
Fulton
County
...........................................
GA
58
59,953
Norfolk
City
Schools
................................
VA
123
37,672
Northside
ISD
...........................................
TX
59
59,284
Capistrano
Unified
...................................
CA
124
37,539
Davis
County
............................................
UT
60
59,220
Cherry
Creek
............................................
CO
125
37,128
Guilford
County
........................................
NC
61
58,736
Richmond
County
....................................
GA
126
36,826
Volusia
County
.........................................
FL
62
58,004
Chatham
County
......................................
GA
127
36,382
Portland
....................................................
OR
63
56,856
Marion
County
..........................................
FL
128
36,242
Seminole
County
......................................
FL
64
55,972
Mt.
Diablo
Unified
....................................
CA
129
35,834
Greenville
County
....................................
SC
65
55,893
Calcasieu
Parish
School
Board
...............
LA
130
35,782
1
Public
school
districts
ranked
by
size
of
enrollment
in
fall
1996.
ISD=
Independent
School
District.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
117
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
Table
96.
 
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
type
of
school:
1967
 
68
to
1996
 
97
Year
Total,
all
public
schools
Schools
with
reported
grade
spans
Other
schools
7
Total
1
Elementary
schools
Secondary
schools
Combined
elementary/
secondary
schools
6
Total
2
Middle
schools
3
Oneteacher
schools
Other
elementary
schools
Total
4
Junior
high
5
3­
year
or
4­
year
high
schools
5­
year
or
6­
year
high
schools
Other
secondary
schools
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1967
 
68
............
 
94,197
67,186
 
4,146
63,040
23,318
7,437
10,751
4,650
480
3,693
 
1970
 
71
............
 
89,372
64,020
2,080
1,815
60,125
23,572
7,750
11,265
3,887
670
1,780
 
1972
 
73
............
 
88,864
62,942
2,308
1,475
59,159
23,919
7,878
11,550
3,962
529
2,003
 
1974
 
75
............
 
87,456
61,759
3,224
1,247
57,288
23,837
7,690
11,480
4,122
545
1,860
 
1975
 
76
............
88,597
87,034
61,704
3,916
1,166
56,622
23,792
7,521
11,572
4,113
586
1,538
1,563
1976
 
77
............
 
86,501
61,123
4,180
1,111
55,832
23,857
7,434
11,658
4,130
635
1,521
 
1978
 
79
............
 
84,816
60,312
5,879
1,056
53,377
22,834
6,282
11,410
4,429
713
1,670
 
1980
 
81
............
85,982
83,688
59,326
6,003
921
52,402
22,619
5,890
10,758
4,193
1,778
1,743
2,294
1982
 
83
............
84,740
82,039
58,051
6,875
798
50,378
22,383
5,948
11,678
4,067
690
1,605
2,701
1983
 
84
............
84,178
81,418
57,471
6,885
838
49,748
22,336
5,936
11,670
4,046
684
1,611
2,760
1984
 
85
............
84,007
81,147
57,231
6,893
825
49,513
22,320
5,916
11,671
4,021
712
1,596
2,860
1986
 
87
............
83,455
82,190
58,801
7,452
763
50,586
21,406
5,142
11,453
4,197
614
1,983
8
1,265
1987
 
88
............
83,248
81,416
57,575
7,641
729
49,205
21,662
4,900
11,279
4,048
1,435
2,179
8
1,832
1988
 
89
............
83,165
81,579
57,941
7,957
583
49,401
21,403
4,687
11,350
3,994
1,372
2,235
8
1,586
1989
 
90
............
83,425
81,880
58,419
8,272
630
49,517
21,181
4,512
11,492
3,812
1,365
2,280
8
1,545
1990
 
91
............
84,538
82,475
59,015
8,545
617
49,853
21,135
4,561
11,537
3,723
1,314
2,325
2,063
1991
 
92
............
84,578
82,506
59,258
8,829
569
49,860
20,767
4,298
11,528
3,699
1,242
2,481
2,072
1992
 
93
............
84,497
82,896
59,676
9,152
430
50,094
20,671
4,115
11,651
3,613
1,292
2,549
1,601
1993
 
94
............
85,393
83,431
60,052
9,573
442
50,037
20,705
3,970
11,858
3,595
1,282
2,674
1,962
1994
 
95
............
86,221
84,476
60,808
9,954
458
50,396
20,904
3,859
12,058
3,628
1,359
2,764
1,745
1995
 
96
............
87,125
84,958
61,165
10,205
474
50,486
20,997
3,743
12,168
3,621
1,465
2,796
2,167
1996
 
97
............
88,223
86,092
61,805
10,499
487
50,819
21,307
3,707
12,424
3,614
1,562
2,980
2,131
1
Excludes
special
education,
alternative,
and
other
schools
not
classified
by
grade
span.
2
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
with
no
grade
higher
than
8.
3
Includes
schools
with
grade
spans
beginning
with
4,
5,
or
6
and
ending
with
grade
6,
7,
or
8.
4
Includes
schools
with
no
grade
lower
than
7.
5
Includes
schools
with
grades
7
and
8
or
grades
7
through
9.
6
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
lower
and
ending
with
grade
9
or
above.
7
Includes
special
education,
alternative,
and
other
schools
not
classified
by
grade
span.
8
Because
of
revision
in
data
collection
procedures,
figures
not
comparable
to
data
for
other
years.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)

Table
97.
 
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
type
and
size
of
school:
1996
 
97
Enrollment
size
of
school
Number
of
schools,
by
type
Enrollment,
by
type
of
school
1
Total
2
Elementary
3
Secondary
4
Combined
elementary
secondary
5
Other
2
Total
2
Elementary
3
Secondary
4
Combined
elementary
secondary
5
Other
2
All
schools
Regular
schools
6
All
schools
Regular
schools
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
.............................................
88,223
61,805
21,307
18,207
2,980
2,131
45,364,791
29,572,370
14,564,205
14,138,959
1,151,966
76,250
Percent
7
.......................................
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Under
100
..........................................
9.22
5.98
14.26
8.03
31.54
60.04
0.82
0.60
0.96
0.59
3.59
19.40
100
to
199
.........................................
9.43
8.70
10.54
9.66
15.23
18.65
2.68
2.75
2.20
1.84
5.68
19.33
200
to
299
.........................................
11.27
12.21
8.61
8.66
10.27
10.83
5.39
6.47
3.04
2.78
6.44
19.31
300
to
399
.........................................
13.20
15.38
7.66
8.07
7.79
6.04
8.75
11.24
3.80
3.63
7.02
15.12
400
to
499
.........................................
13.24
15.79
6.90
7.52
6.51
1.95
11.27
14.81
4.40
4.34
7.53
6.34
500
to
599
.........................................
11.77
13.83
6.66
7.29
6.51
0.53
12.23
15.83
5.20
5.16
9.20
2.07
600
to
699
.........................................
8.78
9.87
6.24
6.88
5.57
0.00
10.78
13.33
5.76
5.74
9.33
0.00
700
to
799
.........................................
6.15
6.64
5.21
5.79
3.46
0.36
8.71
10.36
5.55
5.59
6.72
1.98
800
to
999
.........................................
7.41
7.13
8.76
9.85
5.23
0.53
12.47
13.16
11.15
11.35
12.14
3.38
1,000
to
1,499
...................................
6.22
3.96
13.30
14.92
4.87
0.71
14.08
9.60
23.13
23.50
15.15
6.49
1,500
to
1,999
...................................
2.00
0.41
6.82
7.66
1.88
0.18
6.51
1.42
16.71
16.99
8.35
2.05
2,000
to
2,999
...................................
1.11
0.08
4.26
4.81
0.84
0.00
4.96
0.39
14.27
14.57
5.11
0.00
3,000
or
more
....................................
0.20
0.00
0.76
0.86
0.30
0.18
1.36
0.04
3.84
3.94
3.75
4.51
Average
enrollment
7
.........................
527
478
703
777
387
135
527
478
703
777
387
135
1
These
enrollment
data
should
be
regarded
as
approximations
only.
Totals
differ
from
those
reported
in
other
tables
because
this
table
represents
data
reported
by
schools
rather
than
by
states
or
school
districts.
Percent
distribution
and
average
enrollment
calculations
exclude
data
for
schools
not
reporting
enrollment.

2
Includes
special
education,
alternative,
and
other
schools
not
classified
by
grade
span.

3
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
with
no
grade
higher
than
8.

4
Includes
schools
with
no
grade
lower
than
7.
5
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
ending
with
grade
9
or
above.

6
Excludes
special
education
schools,
vocational
schools,
and
alternative
schools.

7
Data
are
for
schools
reporting
their
enrollment
size.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
118
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
Table
98.
 
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
type
and
state:
1990
 
91
to
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
Total,
all
schools,
1990
 
91
Total,
all
schools,
1994
 
95
Total,
all
schools,
1995
 
96
Number
of
schools,
1996
 
97
Total
Elementary
1
Secondary
2
Combined
elementary/
secondary
3
Other
4
Alternative
5
Special
education
5
Total
Prekindergarten

kindergarten
or
1st
grade
to
grade
12
Other
schools
ending
with
grade
12
Other
combined
schools
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
........
84,538
86,221
87,125
88,223
61,805
21,307
2,980
1,568
773
639
2,131
3,428
2,058
Alabama
......................
1,297
1,309
1,319
1,345
874
304
162
126
18
18
5
21
19
Alaska
..........................
498
498
495
497
191
89
205
153
7
45
12
35
3
Arizona
........................
1,049
1,136
1,133
1,340
934
299
32
15
7
10
75
63
16
Arkansas
.....................
1,098
1,073
1,098
1,104
680
415
9
7
1
1
0
0
0
California
.....................
7,913
7,821
7,876
7,984
5,835
1,886
191
123
56
12
72
777
127
Colorado
......................
1,344
1,460
1,486
1,531
1,079
354
30
9
11
10
68
105
13
Connecticut
.................
985
1,045
1,045
1,027
782
201
37
15
4
18
7
35
23
Delaware
.....................
173
182
181
183
120
44
19
13
2
4
0
3
28
District
of
Columbia
.....
181
175
186
184
129
39
3
0
0
3
13
8
10
Florida
.........................
2,516
2,733
2,760
2,801
1,969
466
357
190
83
84
9
278
102
Georgia
........................
1,734
1,767
1,763
1,798
1,420
308
70
19
42
9
0
0
0
Hawaii
..........................
235
242
246
249
189
47
13
6
3
4
0
1
4
Idaho
...........................
582
608
618
629
393
208
23
15
4
4
5
50
17
Illinois
..........................
4,239
4,195
4,142
4,185
3,076
983
112
58
30
24
14
74
247
Indiana
.........................
1,915
1,912
1,924
1,929
1,410
451
32
14
15
3
36
40
42
Iowa
.............................
1,588
1,554
1,556
1,552
1,071
444
29
4
22
3
8
33
14
Kansas
........................
1,477
1,491
1,487
1,464
1,028
425
8
2
3
3
3
17
1
Kentucky
......................
1,400
1,374
1,402
1,407
974
361
7
0
1
6
65
54
8
Louisiana
.....................
1,533
1,459
1,470
1,477
1,007
319
124
88
17
19
27
58
39
Maine
...........................
747
733
726
721
546
159
12
10
1
1
4
0
1
Maryland
......................
1,220
1,263
1,276
1,286
1,043
217
19
12
3
4
7
30
48
Massachusetts
............
1,842
1,831
1,850
1,856
1,471
335
30
17
8
5
20
30
7
Michigan
......................
3,313
3,432
3,748
3,853
2,530
821
102
43
39
20
400
135
203
Minnesota
....................
1,590
2,100
2,157
2,116
1,100
624
72
14
30
28
320
508
111
Mississippi
...................
972
1,018
1,011
1,007
569
307
74
61
10
3
57
40
0
Missouri
.......................
2,199
2,234
2,256
2,291
1,494
629
33
7
18
8
135
60
67
Montana
......................
900
899
894
892
526
366
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
Nebraska
.....................
1,506
1,419
1,411
1,396
999
360
20
8
6
6
17
0
63
Nevada
........................
354
421
423
442
327
100
8
2
5
1
7
23
13
New
Hampshire
...........
439
458
460
512
411
100
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
New
Jersey
.................
2,272
2,295
2,279
2,279
1,770
427
7
1
4
2
75
0
79
New
Mexico
.................
681
715
721
732
541
181
3
0
1
2
7
27
17
New
York
.....................
4,010
4,130
4,149
4,172
3,004
919
148
82
47
19
101
71
88
North
Carolina
.............
1,955
1,968
1,985
2,005
1,544
399
59
32
14
13
3
51
25
North
Dakota
...............
663
623
613
609
349
222
5
2
2
1
33
0
31
Ohio
.............................
3,731
3,812
3,865
3,876
2,718
958
115
44
17
54
85
19
37
Oklahoma
....................
1,880
1,824
1,830
1,828
1,220
598
0
0
0
0
10
0
15
Oregon
........................
1,199
1,213
1,216
1,222
913
257
48
34
10
4
4
42
15
Pennsylvania
...............
3,260
3,190
3,182
3,178
2,344
791
29
7
12
10
14
11
11
Rhode
Island
...............
309
308
310
316
255
57
2
2
0
0
2
3
4
South
Carolina
............
1,097
1,094
1,095
1,088
796
277
15
5
10
0
0
15
10
South
Dakota
..............
802
827
824
832
508
309
0
0
0
0
15
11
13
Tennessee
...................
1,543
1,554
1,563
1,565
1,127
350
53
35
8
10
35
12
19
Texas
...........................
5,991
6,465
6,638
6,875
4,654
1,790
431
203
120
108
0
389
224
Utah
.............................
714
728
735
742
479
234
16
5
7
4
13
42
23
Vermont
.......................
397
394
384
395
270
69
22
16
6
0
34
1
60
Virginia
........................
1,811
1,851
1,889
1,895
1,395
393
22
3
13
6
85
63
57
Washington
.................
1,936
2,064
2,124
2,180
1,324
542
110
47
33
30
204
132
71
West
Virginia
...............
1,015
883
877
869
622
208
22
11
1
10
17
14
12
Wisconsin
....................
2,018
2,030
2,037
2,096
1,508
547
37
8
20
9
4
36
14
Wyoming
.....................
415
411
410
411
287
118
2
0
2
0
4
8
5
Department
of
Defense
dependents
schools
.
 
 
171
165
109
41
15
11
3
1
0
0
0
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.........
30
31
31
31
24
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Guam
...........................
35
35
35
35
30
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Northern
Marianas
......
26
25
24
26
22
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Puerto
Rico
.................
1,619
1,566
1,561
1,555
960
365
196
1
1
194
34
9
22
Virgin
Islands
...............
33
32
34
35
23
11
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
with
no
grade
higher
than
8.

2
Includes
schools
with
no
grade
lower
than
7.

3
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
ending
with
grade
9
or
above.

4
Includes
special
education,
alternative,
and
other
schools
not
classified
by
grade
span.
5
Schools
are
also
included
under
elementary,
secondary,
combined,
or
other
as
appropriate
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
119
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
Table
99.
 
Public
elementary
schools,
by
grade
span
and
average
school
size,
by
state:
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
Total,
all
elementary
schools
Total,
all
regular
elementary
schools
1
Schools,
by
grade
span
Average
number
of
students
per
school
2
Prekindergarten
kindergarten,
or
1st
grade
to
grades
3
or
4
Prekindergarten
kindergarten,
or
1st
grade
to
grade
5
Prekindergarten
kindergarten,
or
1st
grade
to
grade
6
Prekindergarten
kindergarten
or
1st
grade
to
grade
8
Grades
4,
5,
or
6
to
6,
7,
or
8
Other
grade
spans
All
elementary
schools
Regular
elementary
schools
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
.........
61,805
60,912
4,910
20,570
15,578
4,543
10,499
5,705
478
483
Alabama
.......................
874
862
87
251
194
79
177
86
489
495
Alaska
...........................
191
190
5
27
108
20
16
15
357
358
Arizona
.........................
934
912
53
204
291
172
128
86
560
568
Arkansas
......................
680
680
93
68
352
7
95
65
394
394
California
......................
5,835
5,787
175
1,872
2,240
569
741
238
629
633
Colorado
.......................
1,079
1,077
35
504
231
19
209
81
422
422
Connecticut
..................
782
775
81
306
142
40
142
71
465
468
Delaware
......................
120
112
39
15
10
3
29
24
567
601
District
of
Columbia
......
129
128
8
13
87
4
12
5
413
415
Florida
..........................
1,969
1,911
26
1,233
191
33
384
102
783
801
Georgia
.........................
1,420
1,420
30
757
129
22
297
185
661
661
Hawaii
...........................
189
188
0
34
126
7
17
5
623
627
Idaho
............................
393
387
32
86
166
15
56
38
365
370
Illinois
...........................
3,076
2,978
325
551
648
725
466
361
427
438
Indiana
..........................
1,410
1,392
65
578
421
29
233
84
445
450
Iowa
..............................
1,071
1,062
123
316
263
20
209
140
288
290
Kansas
.........................
1,028
1,022
74
299
265
129
168
93
290
291
Kentucky
.......................
974
963
57
400
225
92
175
25
423
427
Louisiana
......................
1,007
984
112
287
211
75
209
113
494
497
Maine
............................
546
545
78
84
88
110
92
94
262
262
Maryland
.......................
1,043
1,002
17
591
165
21
193
56
551
566
Massachusetts
.............
1,471
1,462
211
478
258
78
246
200
437
437
Michigan
.......................
2,530
2,492
208
984
556
71
453
258
433
435
Minnesota
.....................
1,100
972
137
222
434
33
142
132
434
478
Mississippi
....................
569
569
82
92
136
51
113
95
522
522
Missouri
........................
1,494
1,481
104
488
370
106
268
158
392
395
Montana
.......................
526
525
33
79
244
66
41
63
187
187
Nebraska
......................
999
961
55
124
465
156
63
136
172
178
Nevada
.........................
327
319
13
140
89
15
43
27
595
608
New
Hampshire
............
411
411
49
82
79
48
65
88
329
329
New
Jersey
..................
1,770
1,764
270
432
297
261
306
204
456
457
New
Mexico
..................
541
530
30
193
157
4
100
57
399
404
New
York
......................
3,004
3,001
277
984
739
81
540
383
614
614
North
Carolina
..............
1,544
1,534
83
721
190
112
331
107
548
550
North
Dakota
................
349
349
13
26
227
44
17
22
190
190
Ohio
..............................
2,718
2,701
329
809
776
81
483
240
425
427
Oklahoma
.....................
1,220
1,210
52
357
199
295
212
105
340
341
Oregon
.........................
913
891
59
390
179
78
162
45
382
389
Pennsylvania
................
2,344
2,343
292
823
620
61
395
153
488
488
Rhode
Island
................
255
254
36
78
67
4
38
32
399
399
South
Carolina
.............
796
792
90
334
91
20
198
63
544
546
South
Dakota
...............
508
505
25
105
138
98
77
65
178
179
Tennessee
....................
1,127
1,124
119
314
221
220
183
70
515
515
Texas
............................
4,654
4,550
475
1,733
764
92
1,039
551
547
556
Utah
..............................
479
475
10
100
311
4
36
18
548
550
Vermont
........................
270
248
18
20
119
63
16
34
237
254
Virginia
.........................
1,395
1,389
80
713
163
7
282
150
533
535
Washington
..................
1,324
1,286
72
450
454
56
196
96
452
462
West
Virginia
................
622
618
57
186
228
37
87
27
296
298
Wisconsin
.....................
1,508
1,493
97
568
334
103
272
134
371
374
Wyoming
......................
287
286
19
69
120
7
47
25
201
201
Department
of
Defense
dependents
schools
..
109
109
7
25
53
10
14
0
503
503
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
..........
24
24
1
0
0
21
1
1
473
473
Guam
............................
30
30
0
21
0
0
6
3
839
839
Northern
Marianas
.......
22
22
0
0
10
0
0
12
266
266
Puerto
Rico
..................
960
959
96
24
759
4
35
42
306
306
Virgin
Islands
................
23
23
0
0
23
0
0
0
512
512
1
Excludes
special
education
and
alternative
schools.
2
Average
for
schools
reporting
enrollment
data.

NOTE.
 
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
with
no
grade
higher
than
8.
Excludes
schools
not
reported
by
grade
level,
such
as
some
special
education
schools
for
the
disabled.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
120
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
SCHOOLS
Table
100.
 
Public
secondary
schools,
by
grade
span
and
average
school
size,
by
state:
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
Total,
all
secondary
schools
Total,
all
regular
secondary
schools
1
Schools,
by
grade
span
Vocational
schools
2
Average
number
of
students
per
school
3
Grades
7
to
8
and
7
to
9
Grades
7
to
12
Grades
8
to
12
Grades
9
to
12
Grades
10
to
12
Other
spans
ending
with
grade
12
Other
grade
spans
All
secondary
schools
Regular
secondary
schools
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
..........
21,307
18,207
3,707
3,123
491
11,619
805
183
1,379
905
703
777
Alabama
.......................
304
288
37
71
11
164
10
1
10
3
688
722
Alaska
...........................
89
71
17
21
3
41
0
0
7
6
481
565
Arizona
.........................
299
265
78
20
3
172
7
1
18
6
887
960
Arkansas
.......................
415
414
75
205
4
51
60
0
20
1
448
444
California
......................
1,886
1,268
416
95
43
1,148
96
15
73
0
972
1,373
Colorado
.......................
354
301
49
63
2
212
11
2
15
6
595
672
Connecticut
...................
201
170
30
11
2
157
1
0
0
17
772
849
Delaware
......................
44
35
10
3
0
30
0
0
1
5
916
990
District
of
Columbia
......
39
35
14
0
0
19
3
0
3
0
551
603
Florida
...........................
466
318
25
49
19
273
18
15
67
32
1,121
1,612
Georgia
.........................
308
308
24
12
22
245
2
0
3
0
1,154
1,154
Hawaii
...........................
47
44
12
9
1
23
0
0
2
0
1,339
1,426
Idaho
.............................
208
161
44
40
2
90
23
1
8
0
474
593
Illinois
............................
983
824
209
52
27
606
14
30
45
26
652
737
Indiana
..........................
451
410
73
104
1
234
6
1
32
27
808
833
Iowa
..............................
444
415
66
107
1
254
11
2
3
0
403
423
Kansas
..........................
425
417
65
70
4
268
11
5
2
0
388
394
Kentucky
.......................
361
314
41
59
9
211
5
1
35
11
613
681
Louisiana
......................
319
284
62
52
10
184
5
2
4
10
765
819
Maine
............................
159
132
22
13
2
93
1
0
28
27
509
509
Maryland
.......................
217
185
28
7
1
169
2
2
8
11
1,081
1,198
Massachusetts
..............
335
276
41
42
15
223
5
3
6
45
797
843
Michigan
.......................
821
707
120
104
27
472
20
6
72
59
677
730
Minnesota
.....................
624
416
72
224
38
182
47
18
43
12
490
697
Mississippi
....................
307
220
37
46
7
110
13
1
93
87
693
693
Missouri
........................
629
560
58
197
5
275
18
2
74
61
526
534
Montana
........................
366
362
190
0
0
174
1
0
1
0
181
182
Nebraska
......................
360
354
42
214
5
85
11
1
2
0
331
336
Nevada
.........................
100
79
16
18
4
53
2
2
5
3
871
1,030
New
Hampshire
............
100
100
23
0
0
75
2
0
0
0
626
626
New
Jersey
...................
427
382
70
37
10
254
3
2
51
44
887
936
New
Mexico
..................
181
158
41
27
3
94
8
0
8
0
630
704
New
York
......................
919
834
124
179
15
528
26
2
45
24
964
990
North
Carolina
..............
399
361
54
23
7
288
13
1
13
8
883
956
North
Dakota
................
222
215
20
148
4
34
6
1
9
7
246
246
Ohio
..............................
958
864
183
134
32
509
17
2
81
81
723
738
Oklahoma
.....................
598
597
116
0
0
383
76
4
19
0
340
341
Oregon
..........................
257
240
43
23
7
177
4
0
3
0
684
725
Pennsylvania
................
791
705
112
177
17
354
44
7
80
82
866
872
Rhode
Island
................
57
51
13
3
0
38
1
0
2
3
863
938
South
Carolina
..............
277
224
36
21
7
158
4
0
51
41
868
912
South
Dakota
................
309
296
113
2
0
187
0
2
5
4
173
175
Tennessee
....................
350
312
54
42
4
208
12
4
26
27
835
866
Texas
............................
1,790
1,440
312
196
45
1,030
37
28
142
23
672
815
Utah
..............................
234
193
80
30
11
45
53
3
12
2
906
1,070
Vermont
........................
69
53
6
24
0
25
0
0
14
14
621
644
Virginia
..........................
393
322
38
9
42
236
8
0
60
49
993
1,050
Washington
...................
542
427
122
52
14
269
43
10
32
8
651
795
West
Virginia
................
208
171
49
24
1
81
18
1
34
32
615
636
Wisconsin
.....................
547
519
85
63
3
363
18
5
10
0
559
584
Wyoming
.......................
118
110
40
1
1
65
9
0
2
1
349
367
Department
of
Defense
dependents
schools
..
41
41
3
26
0
12
0
0
0
0
465
465
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
..........
6
5
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
1
558
613
Guam
............................
5
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
1,635
1,635
Northern
Marianas
........
4
4
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
799
799
Puerto
Rico
...................
365
338
172
32
0
2
135
0
24
26
633
636
Virgin
Islands
................
11
9
6
0
0
4
0
0
1
1
1,012
1,118
1
Excludes
vocational,
special
education,
and
alternative
schools.

2
Vocational
schools
are
also
included
under
appropriate
grade
span.

3
Average
for
schools
reporting
enrollment
data.
NOTE.
 
Includes
schools
with
no
grade
lower
than
7.
Excludes
schools
not
reported
by
level,
such
as
special
education
schools
for
the
disabled.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
121
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
GRADUATES
Table
101.
 
High
school
graduates
compared
with
population
17
years
of
age,
by
sex
and
control
of
school:
1869
 
70
to
1997
 
98
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

School
year
Population
17
years
old
1
High
school
graduates
Graduates
as
a
percent
of
17­
year­
old
population
Total
2
Sex
Control
Male
Female
Public
3
Private
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1869
 
70
........................................
815
16
7
9
 
 
2.0
1879
 
80
........................................
946
24
11
13
 
 
2.5
1889
 
90
........................................
1,259
44
19
25
22
22
3.5
1899
 
1900
....................................
1,489
95
38
57
62
33
6.4
1909
 
10
........................................
1,786
156
64
93
111
45
8.8
1919
 
20
........................................
1,855
311
124
188
231
80
16.8
1929
 
30
........................................
2,296
667
300
367
592
75
29.0
1939
 
40
........................................
2,403
1,221
579
643
1,143
78
50.8
1947
 
48
........................................
2,261
1,190
563
627
1,073
117
52.6
1949
 
50
........................................
2,034
1,200
571
629
1,063
136
59.0
1951
 
52
........................................
2,086
1,197
569
627
1,056
141
57.4
1953
 
54
........................................
2,135
1,276
613
664
1,129
147
59.8
1955
 
56
........................................
2,242
1,415
680
735
1,252
163
63.1
1956
 
57
........................................
2,272
1,434
690
744
1,270
164
63.1
1957
 
58
........................................
2,325
1,506
725
781
1,332
174
64.8
1958
 
59
........................................
2,458
1,627
784
843
1,435
192
66.2
1959
 
60
........................................
2,672
1,858
895
963
1,627
231
69.5
1960
 
61
........................................
2,892
1,964
955
1,009
1,725
239
67.9
1961
 
62
........................................
2,768
1,918
938
980
1,678
240
69.3
1962
 
63
........................................
2,740
1,943
956
987
1,710
233
70.9
1963
 
64
........................................
2,978
2,283
1,120
1,163
2,008
275
76.7
1964
 
65
........................................
3,684
2,658
1,311
1,347
2,360
298
72.1
1965
 
66
........................................
3,489
2,665
1,323
1,342
2,367
298
76.4
1966
 
67
........................................
3,500
2,672
1,328
1,344
2,374
298
76.3
1967
 
68
........................................
3,532
2,695
1,338
1,357
2,395
300
76.3
1968
 
69
........................................
3,659
2,822
1,399
1,423
2,522
300
77.1
1969
 
70
........................................
3,757
2,889
1,430
1,459
2,589
300
76.9
1970
 
71
........................................
3,872
2,938
1,454
1,484
2,638
300
75.9
1971
 
72
........................................
3,973
3,002
1,487
1,515
2,700
302
75.6
1972
 
73
........................................
4,049
3,035
1,500
1,535
2,729
306
75.0
1973
 
74
........................................
4,132
3,073
1,512
1,561
2,763
310
74.4
1974
 
75
........................................
4,256
3,133
1,542
1,591
2,823
310
73.6
1975
 
76
........................................
4,272
3,148
1,552
1,596
2,837
311
73.7
1976
 
77
........................................
4,272
3,152
1,548
1,604
2,837
315
73.8
1977
 
78
........................................
4,286
3,127
1,531
1,596
2,825
302
73.0
1978
 
79
........................................
4,327
3,101
1,517
1,584
2,801
300
71.7
1979
 
80
........................................
4,262
3,043
1,491
1,552
2,748
295
71.4
1980
 
81
........................................
4,212
3,020
1,483
1,537
2,725
295
71.7
1981
 
82
........................................
4,134
2,995
1,471
1,524
2,705
290
72.4
1982
 
83
........................................
3,962
2,888
1,437
1,451
2,598
290
72.9
1983
 
84
........................................
3,784
2,767
 
 
2,495
272
73.1
1984
 
85
........................................
3,699
2,677
 
 
2,414
263
72.4
1985
 
86
........................................
3,670
2,643
 
 
2,383
260
72.0
1986
 
87
........................................
3,754
2,694
 
 
2,429
265
71.8
1987
 
88
........................................
3,849
2,773
 
 
2,500
273
72.1
1988
 
89
........................................
3,842
2,727
 
 
2,459
268
71.0
1989
 
90
........................................
3,505
2,586
 
 
2,320
266
73.8
1990
 
91
........................................
3,421
2,503
 
 
2,235
268
73.2
1991
 
92
........................................
3,391
2,482
 
 
2,226
256
73.2
1992
 
93
........................................
3,447
2,490
 
 
2,233
257
72.2
1993
 
94
........................................
3,459
2,479
 
 
2,221
258
71.7
1994
 
95
........................................
3,588
2,538
 
 
2,274
264
70.7
1995
 
96
........................................
3,641
2,548
 
 
2,281
267
70.0
1996
 
97
5
......................................
3,773
2,623
 
 
2,360
267
69.6
1997
 
98
5
.......................................
3,923
2,708
 
 
2,433
275
69.0
1
Derived
from
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
25.
17­
year­
old
population
adjusted
to
reflect
October
17­
year­
old
population.

2
Includes
graduates
of
public
and
private
schools.

3
Data
for
1929
 
30
and
preceding
years
are
from
Statistics
of
Public
High
Schools
and
exclude
graduates
of
high
schools
which
failed
to
report
to
the
Office
of
Education.

4
For
most
years,
private
school
data
have
been
estimated
based
on
periodic
private
school
surveys.
For
years
through
1957
 
58,
private
includes
data
for
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children

5
Public
high
school
graduates
based
on
state
estimates.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Includes
graduates
of
regular
day
school
programs.
Excludes
graduates
of
other
programs,
when
separately
reported,
and
recipients
of
high
school
equivalency
certificates
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
Public
High
Schools;
Biennial
Survey
of
Education
in
the
United
States;
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Statistics
of
Nonpublic
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics;
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
25.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
122
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
GRADUATES
Table
102.
 
Public
high
school
graduates,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
State
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
Estimated
1996
 
97
1
Estimated
1997
 
98
Percent
change,
1990
 
91
to
1997
 
98
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
............
2,588,639
2,747,678
2,725,285
2,382,616
2,234,893
2,220,849
2,273,541
2
2,281,317
2
2,359,572
2
2,433,373
8.9
Alabama
..........................
45,286
45,190
44,894
39,620
39,042
34,447
36,268
35,043
3
34,726
35,264
 
9.7
Alaska
..............................
3,297
5,223
5,343
5,464
5,458
5,747
5,765
5,945
5,984
6,092
11.6
Arizona
............................
22,040
28,633
28,416
27,533
31,282
31,799
30,989
30,008
4
32,886
4
36,128
15.5
Arkansas
.........................
26,068
29,052
29,577
26,227
25,668
24,990
24,636
25,094
25,069
4
25,853
0.7
California
.........................
260,908
249,217
242,172
229,026
234,164
253,083
255,200
259,071
269,294
282,678
20.7
Colorado
..........................
30,312
36,804
35,897
32,621
31,293
31,867
32,409
32,608
3
34,221
34,688
10.8
Connecticut
.....................
34,755
37,683
38,369
33,571
27,290
26,330
26,445
26,319
26,850
28,814
5.6
Delaware
.........................
6,985
7,582
7,349
5,791
5,223
5,230
5,234
5,609
3
5,623
5,879
12.6
District
of
Columbia5
.......
4,980
4,959
4,848
3,875
3,369
3,207
2,974
2,696
4
2,709
4
2,729
 
19.0
Florida
.............................
70,478
87,324
88,755
83,029
87,419
88,032
89,827
89,242
3
92,267
95,397
9.1
Georgia
............................
56,859
61,621
62,963
59,082
60,088
56,356
56,660
56,271
61,004
62,956
4.8
Hawaii
..............................
10,407
11,493
11,472
9,958
8,974
9,369
9,407
9,387
4
9,595
9,779
9.0
Idaho
...............................
12,296
13,187
12,679
12,059
11,961
13,281
14,198
14,667
14,900
15,100
26.2
Illinois
..............................
126,864
135,579
136,795
114,319
103,329
102,126
105,164
110,486
3
110,186
113,860
10.2
Indiana
.............................
69,984
73,143
73,381
59,817
57,892
54,650
56,058
56,368
56,569
58,187
0.5
Iowa
.................................
44,063
43,445
42,635
34,279
28,593
30,247
31,268
31,689
32,735
33,816
18.3
Kansas
............................
33,394
30,890
29,397
25,587
24,414
25,319
26,125
25,786
26,726
27,755
13.7
Kentucky
..........................
37,473
41,203
41,714
37,288
35,835
38,454
37,626
36,641
4
37,146
4
37,009
3.3
Louisiana
.........................
43,641
46,297
46,199
39,965
33,489
34,822
36,480
36,467
3
36,727
4
36,943
10.3
Maine
...............................
14,003
15,445
15,554
13,006
13,151
11,384
11,501
11,795
3
12,405
12,587
 
4.3
Maryland
..........................
46,462
54,270
54,050
46,700
39,014
39,091
41,387
41,785
3
43,365
43,863
12.4
Massachusetts
................
63,865
73,802
74,831
60,360
50,216
47,453
47,679
47,993
48,933
49,911
 
0.6
Michigan
..........................
121,000
124,316
124,372
101,042
88,234
83,385
84,628
85,530
88,000
93,700
6.2
Minnesota
........................
60,480
64,908
64,166
51,988
46,474
47,514
49,354
50,481
52,340
54,940
18.2
Mississippi
.......................
29,653
27,586
28,083
25,134
23,665
23,379
23,837
23,032
23,255
24,233
2.4
Missouri
...........................
55,315
62,265
60,359
49,204
46,928
46,566
48,862
48,870
3
50,223
51,920
10.6
Montana
..........................
11,520
12,135
11,634
9,761
9,013
9,601
10,134
10,139
10,320
10,637
18.0
Nebraska
.........................
21,280
22,410
21,411
17,845
16,500
17,072
17,969
18,014
19,183
20,263
22.8
Nevada
............................
5,449
8,473
9,069
8,784
9,370
9,485
10,038
10,374
3
11,299
11,610
23.9
New
Hampshire
...............
8,516
11,722
11,552
10,648
10,059
9,933
10,145
10,094
9,398
9,320
 
7.3
New
Jersey
.....................
86,498
94,564
93,168
78,781
67,003
66,125
67,403
4
67,516
4
69,715
4
72,247
7.8
New
Mexico
.....................
16,060
18,424
17,915
15,468
15,157
14,892
14,928
15,402
15,700
15,400
1.6
New
York
.........................
190,000
204,064
198,465
162,165
133,562
132,708
132,401
135,569
137,600
140,500
5.2
North
Carolina
.................
68,886
70,862
69,395
65,865
62,792
57,738
59,540
57,014
3
57,886
59,438
 
5.3
North
Dakota
...................
11,150
9,928
9,924
7,610
7,573
7,522
7,817
8,027
3
7,990
8,145
7.6
Ohio
.................................
142,248
144,169
143,503
119,561
107,484
107,700
109,418
103,435
106,924
109,000
1.4
Oklahoma
........................
36,293
39,305
38,875
34,452
33,007
31,872
33,319
33,060
33,224
33,577
1.7
Oregon
............................
32,236
29,939
28,729
26,286
24,597
26,338
26,713
26,570
3
27,799
27,700
12.6
Pennsylvania
...................
151,014
146,458
144,645
122,871
104,770
101,958
104,146
105,981
109,160
111,350
6.3
Rhode
Island
...................
10,146
10,864
10,719
8,908
7,744
7,450
7,826
7,689
7,734
7,001
 
9.6
South
Carolina
................
34,940
38,697
38,347
34,500
32,999
30,603
30,680
30,313
32,800
34,000
3.0
South
Dakota
..................
11,757
10,689
10,385
7,870
7,127
8,442
8,355
8,532
9,108
12,034
68.9
Tennessee
.......................
49,000
49,845
50,648
43,263
44,847
40,643
43,556
43,792
3
45,962
45,980
2.5
Texas
...............................
139,046
171,449
171,665
161,150
174,306
163,191
170,322
171,844
180,369
185,050
6.2
Utah
.................................
18,395
20,035
19,886
19,774
22,219
26,407
27,670
26,293
3
31,032
32,000
44.0
Vermont
...........................
6,095
6,733
6,424
5,794
5,212
5,414
5,871
5,870
3
6,102
3
6,209
19.1
Virginia
............................
58,562
66,621
67,126
63,113
58,441
56,140
58,260
58,166
3
62,258
64,383
10.2
Washington
.....................
50,425
50,402
50,046
45,805
42,514
47,235
49,294
49,862
52,900
55,021
29.4
West
Virginia
...................
26,139
23,369
23,580
21,870
21,064
19,884
20,131
20,335
3
19,547
20,052
 
4.8
Wisconsin
........................
66,753
69,332
67,743
58,340
49,340
48,371
51,735
52,651
55,500
56,300
14.1
Wyoming
.........................
5,363
6,072
6,161
5,587
5,728
5,997
5,889
5,892
3
6,324
6,075
6.1
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
6
367
 
 
 
 
608
597
738
695
719
3
705
677
13.4
Guam
...............................
972
 
 
 
 
840
1,014
985
987
 
 
3
1,076
1,146
13.0
Northern
Marianas
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
273
328
319
325
3
310
424
55.3
Puerto
Rico
.....................
24,917
 
 
 
 
31,597
29,329
27,718
29,747
29,499
28,740
28,829
 
1.7
Virgin
Islands
...................
6
432
 
 
 
 
1,044
981
886
995
937
3
912
998
1.7
1
Revised
from
previously
published
data.

2
National
total
includes
estimates
for
nonreporting
states.

3
Actual
count.

4
Data
imputed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
based
on
previous
year's
data.

5
Beginning
in
1985
 
86,
graduates
from
adult
programs
are
excluded.

6
Data
are
for
1970
 
71.
 
Data
not
reported.
NOTE.
 
Data
include
graduates
of
regular
day
school
programs,
but
exclude
graduates
of
other
programs
and
persons
receiving
high
school
equivalency
certificates.
They
also
exclude
graduates
of
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
federal
schools
for
American
Indians
and
on
federal
installations,
and
residential
schools
for
disabled
children.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
All
1996
 
97
and
1997
 
98
data
are
state
estimates
unless
otherwise
indicated.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
123
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
GRADUATES
Table
103.
 
High
school
graduates
and
dropouts
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
race/
ethnicity
and
state:
1995
 
96
State
High
school
graduates,
by
race/
ethnicity
Percent
of
9th
to
12th
graders
who
dropped
out
during
1994
 
95,
by
race/
ethnicity
Total
White
1
Black
1
Hispanic
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Total
White
1
Black
1
Hispanic
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
2
...........
2,267,582
1,636,445
292,034
217,680
100,729
20,694
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alabama
..........................
35,043
23,835
10,424
103
235
446
5.6
5.4
6.1
6.2
3.2
1.4
Alaska
..............................
5,945
4,206
225
148
289
1,077
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arizona
............................
30,008
19,616
1,046
6,852
760
1,734
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arkansas
3
.......................
24,636
18,883
5,279
194
206
74
4.1
3.4
6.0
8.2
2.7
3.4
California
.........................
259,071
121,292
19,436
78,619
37,434
2,290
3.9
2.4
6.7
5.6
2.2
4.7
Colorado
..........................
32,608
25,917
1,364
4,109
981
237
 
 
 
 
 
 
Connecticut
.....................
26,319
20,745
2,854
1,936
725
59
4.8
3.1
8.3
12.5
4.7
3.8
Delaware
.........................
5,609
3,949
1,362
152
132
14
4.5
4.0
5.3
8.3
0.5
0.0
District
of
Columbia
.........
2,696
70
2,404
156
66
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Florida
.............................
89,242
54,622
18,792
13,178
2,468
182
 
 
 
 
 
 
Georgia
............................
56,271
35,903
18,331
983
1,019
35
8.5
7.7
9.7
12.5
5.1
6.2
Hawaii
..............................
9,387
1,792
177
466
6,931
21
4.7
7.8
6.3
6.1
3.6
7.4
Idaho
...............................
14,667
13,683
39
645
160
140
 
 
 
 
 
 
Illinois
3
............................
104,626
76,349
15,597
8,459
4,063
158
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indiana
.............................
56,368
50,139
4,423
1,143
562
101
3.5
3.3
5.2
5.7
4.2
3.7
Iowa
.................................
31,689
30,080
647
404
503
55
3.1
2.7
10.3
8.5
3.6
9.7
Kansas
............................
25,786
22,385
1,556
1,049
559
237
4.7
3.9
8.9
11.1
4.3
9.0
Kentucky
3
.......................
36,347
32,955
2,989
143
260
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Louisiana
.........................
37,192
21,944
14,037
462
613
136
11.6
9.9
13.4
17.6
12.2
15.1
Maine
...............................
11,795
11,405
131
61
139
59
3.1
3.1
5.1
5.3
1.8
4.5
Maryland
..........................
41,785
25,619
12,766
1,279
2,046
75
 
 
 
 
 
 
Massachusetts
................
47,993
39,733
3,420
2,926
1,841
73
3.3
2.7
5.7
7.7
2.2
4.4
Michigan
..........................
85,530
70,914
10,435
1,756
1,429
996
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minnesota
........................
50,481
46,645
1,140
667
1,526
503
5.3
4.1
20.5
16.6
7.0
19.5
Mississippi
.......................
23,032
11,853
11,005
40
115
19
6.2
5.5
6.8
5.5
4.6
9.0
Missouri
...........................
48,870
42,380
5,336
465
599
90
6.6
5.7
11.8
9.8
4.4
9.1
Montana
..........................
10,139
9,272
30
133
82
622
5.6
5.1
13.5
13.0
6.4
10.4
Nebraska
.........................
18,014
16,602
631
455
220
106
4.5
3.5
13.3
13.5
6.1
17.1
Nevada
............................
10,374
7,668
804
1,156
589
157
9.6
8.1
13.0
15.0
7.5
10.5
New
Hampshire
...............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New
Jersey
.....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New
Mexico
.....................
15,402
7,031
393
6,215
239
1,524
 
 
 
 
 
 
New
York
.........................
134,401
92,877
19,084
13,082
8,975
383
3.7
2.2
5.7
6.6
3.0
5.3
North
Carolina
.................
57,014
39,370
15,441
584
894
725
 
 
 
 
 
 
North
Dakota
...................
8,027
7,556
51
42
55
323
2.5
1.9
5.7
4.2
2.5
11.2
Ohio
.................................
99,114
87,807
8,821
1,183
1,193
110
5.4
4.3
11.4
14.3
4.6
10.6
Oklahoma
........................
33,060
24,226
2,825
929
603
4,477
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oregon
............................
26,570
23,626
458
1,069
1,028
389
7.0
6.3
12.4
16.2
5.4
10.5
Pennsylvania
...................
105,981
91,087
10,557
2,115
2,134
88
4.0
2.8
10.1
11.9
3.1
6.6
Rhode
Island
...................
7,689
6,511
464
500
198
16
4.6
3.8
9.6
8.1
3.6
6.4
South
Carolina
................
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.9
2.5
3.4
3.3
1.4
6.7
South
Dakota
..................
8,532
7,795
36
44
57
600
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tennessee
.......................
41,917
33,396
7,772
216
496
37
 
 
 
 
 
 
Texas
...............................
171,844
95,226
20,829
50,041
5,339
409
 
 
 
 
 
 
Utah
.................................
26,293
24,766
94
732
489
212
4.4
 
 
 
 
 
Vermont
3
.........................
6,087
5,978
17
21
60
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virginia
............................
58,166
41,198
12,655
1,597
2,607
109
 
 
 
 
 
 
Washington
3
...................
48,947
40,321
1,581
2,487
3,715
843
 
 
 
 
 
 
West
Virginia
...................
20,549
19,561
783
66
99
40
3.8
3.8
4.4
0.9
1.5
9.4
Wisconsin
........................
52,651
48,162
1,993
1,007
999
490
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wyoming
.........................
5,892
5,447
49
276
33
87
5.7
5.2
13.4
9.4
2.0
15.6
Other
areas
American
Samoa
.............
719
 
 
 
719
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
..........
325
1
 
 
324
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
.....................
29,499
 
 
29,499
 
 
1.5
 
 
1.5
 
 
Virgin
Islands
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Excludes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
2
U.
S.
total
includes
estimates
for
nonreporting
states,
based
on
1996
12th
grade
racial
ethnic
distribution
reported
by
state.
3
Estimates
provided
by
state
education
agencies.
4
Racial/
ethnic
distribution
estimated
by
NCES
based
on
1996
12th
grade
racial/
ethnic
distribution
reported
by
state.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Because
data
for
some
graduates
are
not
available
by
race,
totals
differ
from
figures
reported
on
other
tables.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1999.)
124
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
GRADUATES
Table
104.
 
General
Educational
Development
(
GED)
credentials
issued,
and
number
and
age
of
test
takers:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
1971
to
1996
Year
Number
of
credentials
issued,
in
thousands
1
Number
completing
test
battery,
in
thousands
2
Number
of
test
takers,
in
thousands
3
Percentage
distribution
of
test
takers,
by
age
19
years
old
or
less
20­
to
24­
yearolds
25­
to
29­
yearolds
30­
to
34­
yearolds
35
years
old
or
over
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1971
..................................
227
 
377
 
 
 
 
 
1972
..................................
245
 
419
 
 
 
 
 
1973
..................................
249
 
423
 
 
 
 
 
1974
..................................
295
412
540
35
27
13
9
17
1975
..................................
342
507
652
33
26
14
9
18
1976
..................................
337
507
656
31
28
14
10
17
1977
..................................
331
488
680
40
24
13
9
14
1978
..................................
381
467
641
31
27
13
10
19
1979
..................................
435
583
744
35
27
13
8
16
1980
..................................
488
708
779
37
27
13
8
15
1981
..................................
500
701
770
37
27
13
8
15
1982
..................................
494
692
756
37
28
13
8
15
1983
..................................
477
678
740
34
29
14
9
15
1984
..................................
437
613
676
32
28
15
9
16
1985
..................................
427
622
685
33
26
15
10
16
1986
..................................
439
648
713
33
26
15
10
16
1987
..................................
458
662
729
33
24
15
10
18
1988
..................................
421
617
701
36
23
14
10
17
1989
..................................
364
554
645
36
24
13
10
16
1990
..................................
419
628
727
35
25
14
10
17
1991
..................................
471
672
770
33
27
14
10
17
1992
..................................
465
653
754
32
28
13
11
16
1993
..................................
476
652
757
33
27
14
11
16
1994
..................................
499
684
793
34
26
13
10
16
1995
..................................
513
698
803
37
25
13
10
15
1996
..................................
514
733
842
40
25
13
9
15
1
Number
of
people
receiving
high
school
equivalency
credentials
based
on
the
GED
tests.
2
Number
of
people
completing
the
entire
GED
battery
of
five
tests.
3
Number
of
people
taking
the
GED
tests
(
one
or
more
subtests).
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
percentages
may
not
add
to
100.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
American
Council
on
Education,
General
Educational
Development
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)

Table
105.
 
Percent
of
high
school
dropouts
(
status
dropouts)
among
persons
16
to
24
years
old,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
April
1960
to
October
1997
Year
Total
Men
Women
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
All
races
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1960
1
........
27.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1967
2
........
17.0
 
15.4
 
28.6
 
 
 
16.5
 
14.7
 
30.6
 
 
 
17.3
 
16.1
 
26.9
 
 
 
1968
2
........
16.2
 
14.7
 
27.4
 
 
 
15.8
 
14.4
 
27.1
 
 
 
16.5
 
15.0
 
27.6
 
 
 
1969
2
........
15.2
 
13.6
 
26.7
 
 
 
14.3
 
12.6
 
26.9
 
 
 
16.0
 
14.6
 
26.7
 
 
 
1970
2
........
15.0
 
13.2
 
27.9
 
 
 
14.2
 
12.2
 
29.4
 
 
 
15.7
 
14.1
 
26.6
 
 
 
1971
2
........
14.7
 
13.4
 
23.7
 
 
 
14.2
 
12.6
 
25.5
 
 
 
15.2
 
14.2
 
22.1
 
 
 
1972
..........
14.6
(
0.3)
12.3
(
0.3)
21.3
(
1.1)
34.3
(
2.2)
14.1
(
0.4)
11.6
(
0.4)
22.3
(
1.6)
33.7
(
3.2)
15.1
(
0.4)
12.8
(
0.4)
20.5
(
1.4)
34.8
(
3.1)
1973
..........
14.1
(
0.3)
11.6
(
0.3)
22.2
(
1.1)
33.5
(
2.2)
13.7
(
0.4)
11.5
(
0.4)
21.5
(
1.5)
30.4
(
3.2)
14.5
(
0.4)
11.8
(
0.4)
22.8
(
1.5)
36.4
(
3.2)
1974
..........
14.3
(
0.3)
11.9
(
0.3)
21.2
(
1.0)
33.0
(
2.1)
14.2
(
0.4)
12.0
(
0.4)
20.1
(
1.5)
33.8
(
3.0)
14.3
(
0.4)
11.8
(
0.4)
22.1
(
1.5)
32.2
(
2.9)
1975
..........
13.9
(
0.3)
11.4
(
0.3)
22.9
(
1.1)
29.2
(
2.0)
13.3
(
0.4)
11.0
(
0.4)
23.0
(
1.6)
26.7
(
2.8)
14.5
(
0.4)
11.8
(
0.4)
22.9
(
1.4)
31.6
(
2.9)
1976
..........
14.1
(
0.3)
12.0
(
0.3)
20.5
(
1.0)
31.4
(
2.0)
14.1
(
0.4)
12.1
(
0.4)
21.2
(
1.5)
30.3
(
2.9)
14.2
(
0.4)
11.8
(
0.4)
19.9
(
1.4)
32.3
(
2.8)
1977
..........
14.1
(
0.3)
11.9
(
0.3)
19.8
(
1.0)
33.0
(
2.0)
14.5
(
0.4)
12.6
(
0.4)
19.5
(
1.5)
31.6
(
2.9)
13.8
(
0.4)
11.2
(
0.4)
20.0
(
1.4)
34.3
(
2.8)
1978
..........
14.2
(
0.3)
11.9
(
0.3)
20.2
(
1.0)
33.3
(
2.0)
14.6
(
0.4)
12.2
(
0.4)
22.5
(
1.5)
33.6
(
2.9)
13.9
(
0.4)
11.6
(
0.4)
18.3
(
1.3)
33.1
(
2.8)
1979
..........
14.6
(
0.3)
12.0
(
0.3)
21.1
(
1.0)
33.8
(
2.0)
15.0
(
0.4)
12.6
(
0.4)
22.4
(
1.5)
33.0
(
2.8)
14.2
(
0.4)
11.5
(
0.4)
20.0
(
1.3)
34.5
(
2.8)
1980
..........
14.1
(
0.3)
11.4
(
0.3)
19.1
(
1.0)
35.2
(
1.9)
15.1
(
0.4)
12.3
(
0.4)
20.8
(
1.5)
37.2
(
2.7)
13.1
(
0.4)
10.5
(
0.4)
17.7
(
1.3)
33.2
(
2.6)
1981
..........
13.9
(
0.3)
11.3
(
0.3)
18.4
(
0.9)
33.2
(
1.8)
15.1
(
0.4)
12.5
(
0.4)
19.9
(
1.4)
36.0
(
2.6)
12.8
(
0.4)
10.2
(
0.4)
17.1
(
1.2)
30.4
(
2.5)
1982
..........
13.9
(
0.3)
11.4
(
0.3)
18.4
(
1.0)
31.7
(
1.9)
14.5
(
0.4)
12.0
(
0.4)
21.2
(
1.5)
30.5
(
2.7)
13.3
(
0.4)
10.8
(
0.4)
15.9
(
1.3)
32.8
(
2.7)
1983
..........
13.7
(
0.3)
11.1
(
0.3)
18.0
(
1.0)
31.6
(
1.9)
14.9
(
0.4)
12.2
(
0.4)
19.9
(
1.5)
34.3
(
2.8)
12.5
(
0.4)
10.1
(
0.4)
16.2
(
1.3)
29.1
(
2.6)
1984
..........
13.1
(
0.3)
11.0
(
0.3)
15.5
(
0.9)
29.8
(
1.9)
14.0
(
0.4)
11.9
(
0.4)
16.8
(
1.4)
30.6
(
2.8)
12.3
(
0.4)
10.1
(
0.4)
14.3
(
1.2)
29.0
(
2.6)
1985
..........
12.6
(
0.3)
10.4
(
0.3)
15.2
(
0.9)
27.6
(
1.9)
13.4
(
0.4)
11.1
(
0.4)
16.1
(
1.4)
29.9
(
2.8)
11.8
(
0.4)
9.8
(
0.4)
14.3
(
1.2)
25.2
(
2.7)
1986
..........
12.2
(
0.3)
9.7
(
0.3)
14.2
(
0.9)
30.1
(
1.9)
13.1
(
0.4)
10.3
(
0.4)
15.0
(
1.3)
32.8
(
2.7)
11.4
(
0.4)
9.1
(
0.4)
13.5
(
1.2)
27.2
(
2.6)
1987
..........
12.6
(
0.3)
10.4
(
0.3)
14.1
(
0.9)
28.6
(
1.8)
13.2
(
0.4)
10.8
(
0.4)
15.0
(
1.3)
29.1
(
2.6)
12.1
(
0.4)
10.0
(
0.4)
13.3
(
1.2)
28.1
(
2.6)
1988
..........
12.9
(
0.3)
9.6
(
0.3)
14.5
(
1.0)
35.8
(
2.3)
13.5
(
0.4)
10.3
(
0.5)
15.0
(
1.5)
36.0
(
3.2)
12.2
(
0.4)
8.9
(
0.4)
14.0
(
1.4)
35.4
(
3.3)
1989
..........
12.6
(
0.3)
9.4
(
0.3)
13.9
(
1.0)
33.0
(
2.2)
13.6
(
0.5)
10.3
(
0.5)
14.9
(
1.5)
34.4
(
3.1)
11.7
(
0.4)
8.5
(
0.4)
13.0
(
1.3)
31.6
(
3.1)
1990
..........
12.1
(
0.3)
9.0
(
0.3)
13.2
(
0.9)
32.4
(
1.9)
12.3
(
0.4)
9.3
(
0.4)
11.9
(
1.3)
34.3
(
2.7)
11.8
(
0.4)
8.7
(
0.4)
14.4
(
1.3)
30.3
(
2.7)
1991
..........
12.5
(
0.3)
8.9
(
0.3)
13.6
(
0.9)
35.3
(
1.9)
13.0
(
0.4)
8.9
(
0.4)
13.5
(
1.4)
39.2
(
2.7)
11.9
(
0.4)
8.9
(
0.4)
13.7
(
1.3)
31.1
(
2.7)
1992
3
........
11.0
(
0.3)
7.7
(
0.3)
13.7
(
0.9)
29.4
(
1.9)
11.3
(
0.4)
8.0
(
0.4)
12.5
(
1.3)
32.1
(
2.7)
10.7
(
0.4)
7.4
(
0.4)
14.8
(
1.4)
26.6
(
2.6)
1993
3
........
11.0
(
0.3)
7.9
(
0.3)
13.6
(
0.9)
27.5
(
1.8)
11.2
(
0.4)
8.2
(
0.4)
12.6
(
1.3)
28.1
(
2.5)
10.9
(
0.4)
7.6
(
0.4)
14.4
(
1.3)
26.9
(
2.5)
1994
3
........
11.4
(
0.3)
7.7
(
0.3)
12.6
(
0.8)
30.0
(
1.2)
12.3
(
0.4)
8.0
(
0.4)
14.1
(
1.1)
31.6
(
1.6)
10.6
(
0.4)
7.5
(
0.4)
11.3
(
1.0)
28.1
(
1.7)
1995
3
........
12.0
(
0.3)
8.6
(
0.3)
12.1
(
0.7)
30.0
(
1.1)
12.2
(
0.4)
9.0
(
0.4)
11.1
(
1.0)
30.0
(
1.6)
11.7
(
0.4)
8.2
(
0.4)
12.9
(
1.1)
30.0
(
1.7)
1996
3
........
11.1
(
0.3)
7.3
(
0.3)
13.0
(
0.8)
29.4
(
1.2)
11.4
(
0.4)
7.3
(
0.4)
13.5
(
1.2)
30.3
(
1.7)
10.9
(
0.4)
7.3
(
0.4)
12.5
(
1.1)
28.3
(
1.7)
1997
3
........
11.0
(
0.3)
7.6
(
0.3)
13.4
(
0.8)
25.3
(
1.1)
11.9
(
0.4)
8.5
(
0.4)
13.3
(
1.2)
27.0
(
1.6)
10.1
(
0.4)
6.7
(
0.4)
13.5
(
1.1)
23.4
(
1.6)

1
Based
on
the
April
1960
decennial
census.

2
White
and
black
include
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

3
Because
of
changes
in
data
collection
procedures,
data
may
not
be
comparable
with
figures
for
earlier
years.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
`
`
Status''
dropouts
are
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
who
are
not
enrolled
in
school
and
who
have
not
completed
a
high
school
program,
regardless
of
when
they
left
school.
People
who
have
received
GED
credentials
are
counted
as
high
school
completers.
All
data
except
for
1960
are
based
on
October
counts.
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
tabulations;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Dropout
Rates
in
the
United
States.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
125
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
DROPOUTS
Table
106.
 
Percent
of
high
school
dropouts
(
status
dropouts)
among
persons
16
to
34
years
old,
by
age,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity:
October
1970
to
October
1997
Year,
race/
ethnicity,
and
sex
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20
and
21
years
22
to
24
years
25
to
29
years
30
to
34
years
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
October
1970
All
races
........................................................................
8.0
16.2
16.6
18.7
22.5
26.5
Male
...........................................................................
7.1
16.0
16.1
17.9
21.4
26.2
Female
......................................................................
8.9
16.3
16.9
19.4
23.6
26.8
White
1
...............................................................................
7.3
14.1
14.6
16.3
19.9
24.6
Male
..............................................................................
6.3
13.3
14.1
15.3
19.0
24.2
Female
..........................................................................
8.4
14.8
15.1
17.2
20.7
24.9
Black
1
................................................................................
12.8
31.2
29.6
37.8
44.4
43.5
Male
..............................................................................
13.3
36.4
29.6
39.5
43.1
45.9
Female
..........................................................................
12.4
26.6
29.6
36.4
45.6
41.5
October
1980
All
races
........................................................................
8.9
15.7
16.0
15.2
13.9
14.6
Male
...........................................................................
8.9
16.9
17.8
16.4
13.8
14.0
Female
......................................................................
8.8
14.7
14.3
14.0
14.0
15.2
White,
non­
Hispanic
..........................................................
8.6
12.7
12.1
11.8
10.4
11.0
Male
..............................................................................
8.5
13.6
13.5
13.2
10.6
10.7
Female
..........................................................................
8.6
11.9
10.9
10.4
10.3
11.3
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...........................................................
7.0
21.0
24.6
23.6
22.4
23.1
Male
..............................................................................
7.2
22.2
30.8
24.6
22.2
21.9
Female
..........................................................................
6.8
19.8
19.6
22.8
22.6
24.0
Hispanic
origin
...................................................................
16.5
39.0
41.6
40.6
40.9
45.4
Male
..............................................................................
18.1
43.1
41.4
42.9
40.1
43.9
Female
..........................................................................
15.0
34.6
41.9
38.6
41.7
47.0
October
1990
All
races
........................................................................
6.3
14.2
12.8
13.8
13.9
12.9
Male
...........................................................................
6.6
14.6
13.2
14.0
14.5
13.3
Female
......................................................................
6.1
13.8
12.4
13.6
13.4
12.5
White,
non­
Hispanic
..........................................................
5.4
11.1
9.4
9.5
9.2
8.7
Male
..............................................................................
5.9
11.4
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.4
Female
..........................................................................
5.0
10.8
9.1
9.1
8.5
8.0
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...........................................................
6.9
16.6
15.6
13.6
19.3
16.7
Male
..............................................................................
6.3
15.5
12.4
13.2
18.9
16.4
Female
..........................................................................
7.5
17.6
18.6
13.9
19.6
16.9
Hispanic
origin
...................................................................
12.9
34.2
31.6
42.8
41.7
42.4
Male
..............................................................................
13.1
39.4
37.9
41.4
42.6
41.4
Female
..........................................................................
12.5
29.4
25.0
44.4
40.7
43.5
October
1995
2
All
races
........................................................................
5.4
14.6
13.8
13.6
12.4
11.7
Male
...........................................................................
4.8
14.7
13.6
14.9
13.9
12.0
Female
......................................................................
6.1
14.5
13.9
12.3
10.9
11.4
White,
non­
Hispanic
..........................................................
4.7
11.4
9.4
8.9
7.8
7.7
Male
..............................................................................
4.2
11.7
9.3
10.4
9.0
7.9
Female
..........................................................................
5.2
11.0
9.5
7.4
6.7
7.5
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...........................................................
5.6
15.7
15.1
12.6
11.6
11.6
Male
..............................................................................
4.1
18.1
16.2
9.4
11.3
12.1
Female
..........................................................................
7.3
13.7
14.2
15.4
11.8
11.1
Hispanic
origin
...................................................................
10.7
30.8
34.4
37.4
39.0
36.6
Male
..............................................................................
11.2
27.0
33.4
39.0
42.1
35.5
Female
..........................................................................
10.2
35.0
35.4
35.3
35.6
37.8
October
1997
2
All
races
........................................................................
4.8
13.8
12.7
12.5
12.0
11.8
Male
...........................................................................
5.0
15.3
13.9
13.3
13.3
13.0
Female
......................................................................
4.7
12.3
11.4
11.8
10.8
10.7
White,
non­
Hispanic
..........................................................
4.3
11.2
8.5
6.9
6.6
6.5
Male
..............................................................................
5.1
12.8
9.4
7.3
7.7
7.1
Female
..........................................................................
3.4
9.6
7.6
6.4
5.5
6.0
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...........................................................
5.5
14.9
17.9
16.2
11.7
12.7
Male
..............................................................................
4.5
16.0
19.6
15.6
9.5
15.4
Female
..........................................................................
6.4
13.9
16.5
16.7
13.4
10.4
Hispanic
origin
...................................................................
7.3
25.2
29.2
35.3
37.6
39.5
Male
..............................................................................
5.1
28.0
32.2
37.5
39.9
40.1
Female
..........................................................................
9.6
22.1
25.7
32.7
34.9
38.7
1
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
2
Because
of
changes
in
data
collection
procedures,
data
may
not
be
comparable
with
figures
for
earlier
years.

NOTE.
 
`
`
Status''
dropouts
are
persons
who
are
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
who
are
not
enrolled
in
school
and
who
have
not
completed
a
high
school
program,
regardless
of
when
they
left
school.
People
who
have
received
GED
credentials
are
counted
as
high
school
completers.
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
126
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
GRADUATES
Table
107.
 
Students
with
disabilities
exiting
the
educational
system,
by
age,
type
of
disability,
and
basis
of
exit:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
1993
 
94
and
1994
 
95
Student
characteristics
Number
Percent
Graduated
with
diploma
Graduated
with
certificate
Reached
maximum
age
1
Graduated
with
diploma
Graduated
with
certificate
Reached
maximum
age
1
1993
 
94
2
1994
 
95
1993
 
94
2
1994
 
95
1993
 
94
2
1994
 
95
1993
 
94
2
1994
 
95
1993
 
94
2
1994
 
95
1993
 
94
2
1994
 
95
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Age
group
14
to
21
(
and
over)
...........................
113,910
118,471
23,983
25,106
4,594
3,954
28.1
26.8
5.9
5.7
1.1
0.9
14
..................................................
91
62
130
73
7
4
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
15
..................................................
169
106
71
68
9
7
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
16
..................................................
532
545
178
154
39
26
1.0
0.9
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
17
..................................................
15,417
16,455
2,016
2,373
106
37
22.7
21.7
3.0
3.1
0.2
0.0
18
..................................................
47,847
49,988
7,766
9,017
110
110
51.9
50.3
8.4
9.1
0.1
0.1
19
..................................................
35,730
37,154
7,001
7,308
91
79
59.7
59.9
11.7
11.8
0.2
0.1
20
..................................................
9,361
9,254
3,408
3,083
525
383
48.0
48.5
17.5
16.1
2.7
2.0
21
(
and
over)
................................
4,763
4,907
3,413
3,030
3,707
3,308
30.9
33.3
22.1
20.5
24.0
22.4
Type
of
disability
All
disabilities,
14
to
21
and
over
......
113,945
118,471
23,948
25,106
4,594
3,954
28.1
26.8
5.9
5.7
1.1
0.9
Specific
learning
disabilities
.........
76,735
80,666
10,871
11,716
891
631
32.5
31.2
4.6
4.5
0.4
0.2
Mental
retardation
........................
13,900
13,817
9,117
9,045
2,307
2,101
26.3
25.5
17.2
16.7
4.4
3.9
Serious
emotional
disturbance
.....
11,251
11,611
1,649
1,693
331
292
16.1
15.0
2.4
2.2
0.5
0.4
Speech
or
language
impairments
3,423
3,492
473
485
121
70
18.3
17.6
2.5
2.4
0.6
0.4
Multiple
disabilities
.......................
1,254
1,416
675
788
553
515
25.1
22.5
13.5
12.5
11.1
8.2
Other
health
impairments
.............
2,250
2,222
191
260
44
40
21.7
20.1
1.8
2.3
0.4
0.4
Hearing
impairments
....................
2,209
2,110
391
454
48
33
44.1
40.5
7.8
8.7
1.0
0.6
Orthopedic
impairments
...............
1,557
1,619
285
339
133
107
33.5
31.2
6.1
6.5
2.9
2.1
Visual
impairments
.......................
931
960
105
114
53
47
46.3
46.0
5.2
5.5
2.6
2.3
Autism
...........................................
169
211
120
115
80
88
24.1
25.5
17.1
13.9
11.4
10.6
Deaf­
blindness
..............................
34
33
26
34
8
9
23.9
20.5
18.3
21.1
5.6
5.6
Traumatic
brain
injury
...................
232
314
45
63
25
21
35.4
36.9
6.9
7.4
3.8
2.5
1
These
figures
reflect
an
estimate
of
those
who
were
actually
known
to
have
dropped
out
and
do
not
include
youth
who
simply
stopped
coming
to
school
or
whose
status
was
unknown.
2
Upper
age
limits
for
service
eligibility
vary
by
state.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services,
Sixteenth,
Seventeenth,
and
Nineteenth
Annual
Reports
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act,
1995
and
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)

Table
108.
 
Postsecondary
education
and
employment
status,
wages
earned,
and
living
arrangements
of
special
education
students
out
of
secondary
school
up
to
3
years,
by
type
of
disability:
1990
Type
of
disability
Percent
in
postsecondary
education
Percent
currently
competitively
employed
Average
annual
total
compensation
Percent
living
independently
1
Academic
Vocational
1
2
3
4
5
6
All
disabilities
2
....................
16.5
14.7
55.0
$
5,524
27.8
Learning
disabled
.....................
18.7
17.8
63.1
6,932
33.9
Serious
emotional
disturbance
15.3
13.3
52.0
5,310
21.1
Speech/
language
impairments
37.0
17.9
58.5
4,389
36.4
Mental
retardation
.....................
2.5
5.7
40.8
3,078
14.8
Visual
impairment
.....................
53.9
14.9
30.3
2,027
39.3
Hard
of
hearing
.........................
35.0
20.0
43.6
2,773
25.9
Deaf
..........................................
28.3
19.9
24.8
1,689
32.3
Orthopedic
impairments
...........
30.9
13.4
26.4
1,636
16.6
Other
health
impairments
.........
35.1
23.5
47.5
4,388
17.2
Multiple
disabilities
....................
8.0
4.0
15.8
778
8.0
1
Living
independently
includes
living
alone,
with
a
spouse
or
roommate,
in
a
college
dormitory,
or
in
military
housing
not
as
a
dependent.
2
All
conditions
includes
youth
in
each
of
the
11
Federal
special
education
disability
categories.
Percentages
are
reported
separately
only
for
categories
with
at
least
25
youth
in
the
sample.
NOTE.
 
Data
based
on
students
who
had
been
out
of
school
up
to
three
years
and
had
attended
special
and
regular
schools
in
the
1985
 
86
or
1986
 
87
school
years.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services,
The
Seventeenth
Annual
Report
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act,
The
National
Longitudinal
Transition
Study,
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1996.)
127
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
109.
 
Average
student
proficiency
in
reading,
by
age
and
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1971
to
1996
Selected
characteristics
of
students
1971
1975
1980
1984
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9­
year­
olds
1
Total
....................................................
207.6
(
1.0)
210.0
(
0.7)
215.0
(
1.0)
210.9
(
0.7)
211.8
(
1.1)
209.2
(
1.2)
210.5
(
0.9)
211.0
(
1.2)
212.4
(
1.0)

Male
................................................
201.2
(
1.1)
204.3
(
0.8)
210.0
(
1.1)
207.5
(
0.8)
207.5
(
1.4)
204.0
(
1.7)
205.9
(
1.3)
207.3
(
1.3)
206.8
(
1.5)
Female
...........................................
213.9
(
1.0)
215.8
(
0.8)
220.1
(
1.1)
214.2
(
0.8)
216.3
(
1.3)
214.5
(
1.2)
215.4
(
0.9)
214.7
(
1.4)
218.0
(
1.2)
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.......................
214.0
0.9
216.6
(
0.7)
221.3
(
0.8)
218.2
(
0.8)
217.7
(
1.4)
217.0
(
1.3)
217.9
(
1.0)
218.0
(
1.3)
219.9
(
1.2)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.......................
170.1
(
1.7)
181.2
(
1.2)
189.3
(
1.8)
185.7
(
1.1)
188.5
(
2.4)
181.8
(
2.9)
184.5
(
2.2)
185.4
(
2.3)
190.0
(
2.7)
Hispanic
..........................................
(
2)
182.7
(
2.2)
190.2
(
2.3)
187.2
(
2.1)
193.7
(
3.5)
189.4
(
2.3)
191.7
(
3.1)
185.9
(
3.9)
194.1
(
3.5)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
188.6
(
1.5)
189.9
(
1.3)
194.3
(
1.6)
195.1
(
1.4)
192.5
(
4.9)
192.6
(
3.2)
194.9
(
4.5)
189.1
(
4.0)
197.0
(
3.6)
Graduated
high
school
...................
207.8
(
1.2)
211.3
(
0.9)
213.0
(
1.3)
208.9
(
1.0)
210.8
(
2.2)
209.1
(
1.8)
207.4
(
1.5)
207.1
(
2.6)
207.0
(
2.1)
Post
high
school
.............................
223.9
(
1.1)
221.5
(
0.9)
226.0
(
1.1)
222.9
(
0.9)
220.0
(
1.7)
217.7
(
2.0)
219.5
(
1.4)
221.0
(
1.3)
220.0
(
1.4)
Control
of
school
Public
..............................................
 
 
 
 
213.5
(
1.1)
209.4
(
0.8)
210.2
(
1.2)
207.5
(
1.4)
208.6
(
1.0)
209.4
(
1.4)
210.0
(
1.1)
Private
............................................
 
 
 
 
227.0
(
1.8)
222.8
(
1.6)
223.4
(
3.0)
228.3
(
3.3)
224.7
(
2.3)
225.0
(
2.7)
227.0
(
3.1)
Region
Northeast
........................................
213.0
(
1.7)
214.8
(
1.3)
221.1
(
2.1)
215.7
(
1.7)
215.2
(
2.6)
217.4
(
2.2)
217.6
(
2.6)
217.4
(
2.9)
220.0
(
1.9)
Southeast
.......................................
193.9
(
2.9)
201.1
(
1.2)
210.3
(
2.3)
204.3
(
1.6)
207.2
(
2.1)
197.4
(
3.2)
199.3
(
2.0)
208.4
(
3.0)
206.0
(
2.9)
Central
............................................
214.9
(
1.2)
215.5
(
1.2)
216.7
(
1.4)
215.3
(
1.5)
218.2
(
2.2)
212.7
(
2.0)
215.8
(
1.6)
214.3
(
2.3)
215.0
(
2.7)
West
...............................................
205.0
(
2.0)
207.0
(
2.0)
212.8
(
1.8)
207.8
(
1.5)
207.9
(
2.6)
209.6
(
2.8)
209.3
(
2.3)
205.1
(
2.8)
210.0
(
2.0)

13­
year­
olds
1
Total
....................................................
255.2
(
0.9)
255.9
(
0.8)
258.5
(
0.9)
257.1
(
0.5)
257.5
(
1.0)
256.8
(
0.8)
259.8
(
1.2)
257.9
(
0.9)
259.1
(
0.9)

Male
................................................
249.6
(
1.0)
249.6
(
0.8)
254.3
(
1.1)
252.6
(
0.6)
251.8
(
1.3)
250.5
(
1.1)
254.1
(
1.7)
250.6
(
1.2)
252.5
(
1.2)
Female
...........................................
260.8
(
0.9)
262.3
(
0.9)
262.6
(
0.9)
261.7
(
0.6)
263.0
(
1.0)
263.1
(
1.1)
265.3
(
1.2)
265.7
(
1.2)
265.4
(
1.2)
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.......................
260.9
(
0.7)
262.1
(
0.7)
264.4
(
0.7)
262.6
(
0.6)
261.3
(
1.1)
262.3
(
0.9)
266.4
(
1.2)
265.1
(
1.1)
267.0
(
1.0)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.......................
222.4
(
1.2)
225.7
(
1.2)
232.8
(
1.5)
236.3
(
1.0)
242.9
(
2.4)
241.5
(
2.2)
237.6
(
2.3)
234.3
(
2.4)
235.6
(
2.6)
Hispanic
..........................................
(
2)
232.5
(
3.0)
237.2
(
2.0)
239.6
(
1.7)
240.1
(
3.5)
237.8
(
2.3)
239.2
(
3.5)
235.1
(
1.9)
239.9
(
2.9)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
238.4
(
1.3)
238.7
(
1.2)
238.5
(
1.1)
240.0
(
0.9)
246.5
(
2.1)
240.8
(
1.8)
239.2
(
2.6)
236.7
(
2.4)
241.0
(
2.7)
Graduated
high
school
...................
255.5
(
0.8)
254.6
(
0.7)
253.5
(
0.9)
253.4
(
0.7)
252.7
(
1.2)
251.4
(
0.9)
252.1
(
1.7)
251.4
(
1.4)
252.0
(
1.4)
Post
high
school
.............................
270.2
(
0.8)
269.8
(
0.8)
270.9
(
0.8)
267.6
(
0.7)
265.3
(
1.4)
266.9
(
1.0)
269.9
(
1.4)
268.5
(
1.2)
270.0
(
1.2)
Control
of
school
Public
..............................................
 
 
 
 
256.9
(
1.1)
255.2
(
0.6)
256.1
(
1.0)
255.0
(
0.8)
257.2
(
1.3)
255.6
(
1.0)
257.0
(
1.1)
Private
............................................
 
 
 
 
270.6
(
1.5)
271.2
(
1.7)
268.3
(
2.8)
269.7
(
2.9)
276.3
(
2.6)
275.8
(
3.4)
274.0
(
3.3)
Region
Northeast
........................................
261.1
(
2.0)
258.5
(
1.8)
260.0
(
1.8)
260.4
(
0.6)
258.6
(
2.4)
258.9
(
1.8)
264.6
(
3.2)
269.0
(
2.0)
261.0
(
2.5)
Southeast
.......................................
244.7
(
1.7)
249.3
(
1.5)
252.6
(
1.6)
256.4
(
1.5)
257.6
(
2.2)
255.5
(
2.2)
253.8
(
2.5)
252.7
(
2.5)
252.0
(
3.2)
Central
............................................
260.1
(
1.8)
261.5
(
1.4)
264.5
(
1.4)
258.8
(
1.0)
255.9
(
2.0)
257.4
(
1.5)
263.5
(
3.0)
259.3
(
3.3)
268.0
(
1.8)
West
...............................................
253.6
(
1.3)
253.2
(
1.7)
256.4
(
2.0)
253.8
(
0.9)
257.9
(
2.1)
255.6
(
1.6)
257.5
(
1.6)
252.9
(
2.1)
258.0
(
1.7)

17­
year­
olds
1
Total
....................................................
285.2
(
1.2)
285.6
(
0.8)
285.5
(
1.2)
288.8
(
0.6)
290.1
(
1.0)
290.2
(
1.1)
289.7
(
1.1)
288.1
(
1.3)
286.9
(
1.1)

Male
................................................
278.9
(
1.2)
279.7
(
1.0)
281.8
(
1.3)
283.8
(
0.6)
286.0
(
1.5)
284.0
(
1.6)
284.2
(
1.6)
281.7
(
2.2)
279.9
(
1.3)
Female
...........................................
291.3
(
1.3)
291.2
(
1.0)
289.2
(
1.2)
293.9
(
0.8)
293.8
(
1.5)
296.5
(
1.2)
295.7
(
1.1)
294.7
(
1.5)
294.4
(
1.2)
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.......................
291.4
(
1.0)
293.0
(
0.6)
292.8
(
0.9)
295.2
(
0.7)
294.7
(
1.2)
296.6
(
1.2)
297.4
(
1.4)
295.7
(
1.5)
294.4
(
1.2)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.......................
238.7
(
1.7)
240.6
(
2.0)
243.1
(
1.8)
264.3
(
1.0)
274.4
(
2.4)
267.3
(
2.3)
260.6
(
2.1)
266.2
(
3.9)
265.4
(
2.7)
Hispanic
..........................................
(
2)
 
252.4
(
3.6)
261.4
(
2.7)
268.1
(
2.2)
270.8
(
4.3)
274.8
(
3.6)
271.2
(
3.7)
263.2
(
4.9)
264.7
(
4.1)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
261.3
(
1.5)
262.5
(
1.3)
262.1
(
1.5)
269.4
(
1.1)
267.4
(
2.0)
269.7
(
2.8)
270.8
(
3.9)
267.9
(
2.7)
267.0
(
3.2)
Graduated
high
school
...................
283.0
(
1.2)
281.4
(
1.1)
277.5
(
1.0)
281.2
(
0.7)
282.0
(
1.3)
282.9
(
1.4)
280.5
(
1.6)
276.1
(
1.9)
273.0
(
1.7)
Post
high
school
..............................
302.2
(
1.0)
300.6
(
0.7)
298.9
(
1.0)
301.2
(
0.7)
299.5
(
1.3)
299.9
(
1.1)
298.6
(
1.4)
298.5
(
1.4)
297.0
(
1.2)
Control
of
school
Public
..............................................
 
 
 
 
284.4
(
1.2)
287.2
(
0.6)
288.7
(
1.0)
288.6
(
1.1)
287.8
(
1.0)
286.0
(
1.5)
286.0
(
1.1)
Private
............................................
 
 
 
 
298.4
(
2.7)
303.0
(
2.0)
299.6
(
3.8)
311.0
(
4.2)
309.6
(
4.2)
306.1
(
5.8)
294.0
(
5.7)
Region
Northeast
........................................
291.3
(
2.8)
289.1
(
1.7)
285.9
(
2.4)
292.2
(
1.9)
294.8
(
2.9)
295.7
(
1.8)
297.3
(
3.2)
296.8
(
4.2)
291.0
(
2.8)
Southeast
.......................................
270.5
(
2.4)
276.5
(
1.4)
280.1
(
2.2)
284.7
(
1.6)
285.5
(
2.1)
285.1
(
2.5)
278.4
(
2.9)
283.5
(
2.8)
279.0
(
2.6)
Central
............................................
290.7
(
2.1)
291.8
(
1.4)
287.4
(
2.2)
290.0
(
1.4)
291.2
(
1.9)
293.5
(
2.4)
293.8
(
2.1)
285.7
(
3.7)
292.0
(
2.1)
West
...............................................
283.7
(
1.8)
281.6
(
1.9)
287.3
(
2.1)
288.4
(
1.1)
289.0
(
1.8)
286.8
(
2.6)
290.4
(
2.3)
287.8
(
2.8)
286.0
(
2.4)

1
Excludes
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.
2
Test
scores
of
Hispanics
were
not
tabulated
separately.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
The
NAEP
scores
have
been
evaluated
at
certain
performance
levels.
A
score
of
300
implies
an
ability
to
find,
understand,
summarize,
and
explain
relatively
complicated
literary
and
informational
material.
A
score
of
250
implies
an
ability
to
search
for
specific
information,
interrelate
ideas,
and
make
generalizations
about
literature,
science,
and
social
studies
materials.
A
score
of
200
implies
an
ability
to
understand,
combine
ideas,
and
make
inferences
based
on
short
uncomplicated
passages
about
specific
or
sequentially
related
information.
A
score
of
150
implies
an
ability
to
follow
brief
written
directions
and
carry
out
simple,
discrete
reading
tasks.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
128
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
110.
 
Student
proficiency
in
reading,
by
percentile
and
age:
1971
to
1996
Percentile
1971
1975
1980
1984
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9­
year­
olds
1
Average
..............................................
207.6
210.0
215.0
210.9
211.8
209.2
210.5
211.0
212.4
Standard
deviation
.........................
42.1
38.6
37.9
41.1
41.2
44.7
40.3
40.5
40.5
Percentiles
5th
..................................................
134.8
143.2
148.5
140.5
141.9
134.8
140.7
140.1
141.8
10th
................................................
151.6
159.2
165.1
156.7
156.7
150.1
156.0
155.6
157.6
25th
................................................
180.0
185.2
191.1
183.7
184.3
178.7
183.1
184.1
185.0
50th
................................................
209.3
211.9
217.2
212.6
213.7
210.3
213.6
214.8
215.5
75th
................................................
236.7
236.9
241.3
239.6
240.1
240.3
239.3
240.0
241.4
90th
................................................
260.5
258.1
261.7
262.8
263.0
265.7
259.9
260.1
261.5
95th
................................................
274.1
270.6
273.3
276.5
277.5
280.4
272.1
271.7
274.1
13­
year­
olds
1
Average
..............................................
255.2
255.9
258.5
257.1
257.5
256.8
259.8
257.9
259.1
Standard
deviation
.........................
35.7
35.8
34.9
35.5
34.7
36.0
39.4
39.8
38.4
Percentiles
5th
..................................................
192.8
193.5
199.1
196.7
199.5
195.7
190.9
188.2
191.5
10th
................................................
207.8
208.7
212.8
210.2
212.9
209.8
207.9
205.1
208.5
25th
................................................
232.3
232.9
235.3
233.9
234.2
233.2
234.7
232.5
234.8
50th
................................................
257.0
257.7
259.6
258.2
257.9
257.3
261.6
260.1
261.2
75th
................................................
279.9
280.6
282.8
281.6
281.4
281.5
287.0
285.2
285.5
90th
................................................
299.6
300.5
302.3
301.7
301.6
302.0
309.2
307.4
306.5
95th
................................................
310.8
311.8
313.9
313.7
313.7
314.4
321.9
320.3
319.4
17­
year­
olds
1
Average
..............................................
285.2
285.6
285.5
288.8
290.1
290.2
289.7
288.1
286.9
Standard
deviation
.........................
45.8
44.0
41.8
40.3
37.1
41.3
43.0
44.4
42.3
Percentiles
5th
..................................................
206.1
209.3
213.0
219.9
226.1
220.0
214.3
210.8
213.2
10th
................................................
225.3
228.4
230.6
236.0
241.5
236.9
232.7
230.0
231.4
25th
................................................
255.9
257.8
258.7
262.5
265.7
263.5
262.6
259.8
259.1
50th
................................................
287.7
287.9
287.5
290.3
291.1
291.1
293.0
289.9
288.2
75th
................................................
316.7
315.7
314.6
316.8
316.0
318.6
319.4
318.7
315.8
90th
................................................
341.7
340.0
337.5
339.6
336.9
342.7
342.7
343.0
340.4
95th
................................................
356.5
354.3
350.9
352.6
348.7
356.0
355.8
357.7
354.4
1
Excludes
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
The
NAEP
scores
have
been
evaluated
at
certain
performance
levels.
A
score
of
300
implies
an
ability
to
find,
understand,
summarize,
and
explain
relatively
complicated
literary
and
informational
material.
A
score
of
250
implies
an
ability
to
search
for
specific
information,
interrelate
ideas,
and
make
generalizations
about
literature,
science,
and
social
studies
materials.
A
score
of
200
implies
an
ability
to
understand,
combine
ideas,
and
make
inferences
based
on
short
uncomplicated
passages
about
specific
or
sequentially
related
information.
A
score
of
150
implies
an
ability
to
follow
brief
written
directions
and
carry
out
simple,
discrete
reading
tasks.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
129
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
111.
 
Student
proficiency
in
reading,
by
age,
amount
of
time
spent
on
homework,
and
reading
habits:
1984,
1994,
and
1996
Time
spent
on
homework
and
reading
habits
9­
year­
olds
1
13­
year­
olds
1
17­
year­
olds
1
1984
1994
1996
1984
1994
1996
1984
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Average
proficiency
Materials
read
a
few
times
a
year
or
more
Poems
............................................
211
210
 
260
261
 
290
293
 
Plays
...............................................
211
207
 
260
263
 
290
294
 
Biographies
....................................
213
210
 
261
261
 
292
293
 
Science
books
................................
212
211
 
259
260
 
289
293
 
Books
about
other
places
..............
211
211
 
259
260
 
289
293
 
Frequency
of
reading
for
fun
Daily
...............................................
214
215
213
264
272
270
297
302
301
Weekly
............................................
212
214
212
255
255
259
290
286
292
Monthly
...........................................
204
213
210
255
255
260
290
286
290
Yearly
.............................................
197
 
 
252
252
 
280
281
285
Never
..............................................
198
193
199
239
237
238
269
258
269
Time
spent
on
homework
each
day
None
...............................................
213
213
210
254
250
256
276
273
273
Didn't
do
assignment
.....................
199
200
195
247
243
251
287
285
281
Less
than
1
hour
............................
218
212
215
261
261
259
290
288
288
1
to
2
hours
....................................
216
214
220
266
268
267
296
297
295
More
than
2
hours
..........................
201
193
198
265
270
269
303
306
307
Percent
Materials
read
a
few
times
a
year
or
more
Poems
............................................
70
62
60
68
79
80
76
85
80
Plays
...............................................
56
45
42
59
63
67
63
70
67
Biographies
....................................
45
47
46
62
68
65
59
69
66
Science
books
................................
84
87
83
90
92
90
70
84
82
Books
about
other
places
..............
79
79
78
83
83
84
81
82
81
Frequency
of
reading
for
fun
Daily
...............................................
53
58
54
35
32
32
31
30
23
Weekly
............................................
28
25
27
35
32
31
34
31
32
Monthly
...........................................
7
5
8
14
14
15
17
15
17
Yearly
.............................................
3
3
3
7
10
9
10
12
12
Never
..............................................
9
9
8
9
12
13
9
12
16
Time
spent
on
homework
each
day
None
...............................................
36
32
26
23
23
22
22
23
23
Didn't
do
assignment
.....................
4
5
4
4
6
5
11
11
13
Less
than
1
hour
............................
42
48
53
36
34
37
26
27
28
1
to
2
hours
....................................
13
12
13
29
28
27
27
26
24
More
than
2
hours
..........................
6
4
4
9
9
8
13
13
11
1
Excludes
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
The
NAEP
scores
have
been
evaluated
at
certain
performance
levels.
A
score
of
300
implies
an
ability
to
find,
understand,
summarize
and
explain
relatively
complicated
literary
and
informational
material.
A
score
of
250
implies
an
ability
to
search
for
specific
information,
interrelate
ideas,
and
make
generalizations
about
literature,
science,
and
social
studies
materials.
A
score
of
200
implies
an
ability
to
understand,
combine
ideas,
and
make
inferences
based
on
short
uncomplicated
passages
about
specific
or
sequentially
related
information.
A
score
of
150
implies
an
ability
to
follow
brief
written
directions
and
carry
out
simple,
discrete
reading
tasks.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
130
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
112.
 
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
reading
proficiency
levels,
1
by
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
age:
1971
to
1996
Sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
level
1971
1975
1980
1984
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9­
year­
olds
2
Total
Level
150
3
................................................
90.6
93.1
94.6
92.3
92.7
90.1
92.3
92.1
92.7
Level
200
4
................................................
58.7
62.1
67.7
61.5
62.6
58.9
62.0
63.3
63.7
Level
250
5
................................................
15.6
14.6
17.7
17.2
17.5
18.4
16.2
16.5
17.7
Male
Level
150
3
................................................
87.9
91.0
92.9
90.4
90.4
87.9
90.2
90.2
90.7
Level
200
4
................................................
52.7
56.2
62.7
58.0
58.4
53.8
56.9
59.2
57.8
Level
250
5
................................................
12.0
11.5
14.6
15.9
15.8
16.1
14.2
15.2
15.0
Female
Level
150
3
................................................
93.2
95.3
96.4
94.2
94.9
92.4
94.4
94.0
94.6
Level
200
4
................................................
64.6
68.1
72.7
65.2
66.9
64.2
67.3
67.3
69.5
Level
250
5
................................................
19.2
17.7
20.7
18.4
19.1
20.8
18.2
17.8
20.4
White
6
Level
150
3
................................................
94.0
96.0
97.1
95.4
95.1
93.5
95.8
95.7
95.9
Level
200
4
................................................
65.0
69.0
74.2
68.6
68.4
66.0
69.3
70.1
70.9
Level
250
5
................................................
18.0
17.4
21.0
20.9
20.3
22.6
19.6
19.7
21.6
Black
6
Level
150
3
................................................
69.7
80.7
84.9
81.3
83.2
76.9
79.6
78.7
83.1
Level
200
4
................................................
22.0
31.6
41.3
36.6
39.4
33.9
36.6
38.3
41.3
Level
250
5
................................................
1.6
2.0
4.1
4.5
5.6
5.2
4.6
4.4
6.6
Hispanic
Level
150
3
................................................
 
80.8
84.5
82.0
85.6
83.7
83.4
80.4
84.2
Level
200
4
................................................
 
34.6
41.6
39.6
45.9
40.9
43.1
37.1
47.5
Level
250
5
................................................
 
2.6
5.0
4.3
8.6
5.8
7.2
6.4
7.5
13­
year­
olds
2
Total
Level
150
3
................................................
99.8
99.7
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.8
99.5
99.3
99.6
Level
200
4
................................................
93.0
93.2
94.8
93.9
94.9
93.8
92.7
91.7
92.8
Level
250
5
................................................
57.8
58.6
60.7
59.0
58.7
58.7
61.6
60.4
61.3
Level
300
7
................................................
9.8
10.2
11.3
11.0
10.9
11.0
15.3
14.1
13.8
Male
Level
150
3
................................................
99.6
99.6
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.2
99.1
99.5
Level
200
4
................................................
90.7
90.9
93.4
92.2
92.8
91.4
90.4
88.8
90.1
Level
250
5
................................................
51.6
51.7
55.9
54.0
52.3
52.4
55.5
53.3
54.8
Level
300
7
................................................
7.3
7.0
9.1
9.0
8.6
7.6
12.8
10.1
10.3
Female
Level
150
3
................................................
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.8
Level
200
4
................................................
95.2
95.5
96.1
95.8
96.9
96.3
95.0
94.9
95.3
Level
250
5
................................................
64.0
65.5
65.4
64.0
65.0
65.0
67.5
67.9
67.5
Level
300
7
................................................
12.3
13.5
13.5
13.2
13.2
14.5
17.7
18.4
17.1
White
6
Level
150
3
................................................
99.9
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.8
Level
200
4
................................................
96.2
96.4
97.1
96.2
96.0
96.0
95.9
95.0
95.9
Level
250
5
................................................
64.2
65.5
67.8
65.3
63.7
64.8
68.5
68.1
70.1
Level
300
7
................................................
11.3
12.1
13.6
13.1
12.4
13.3
18.1
17.2
17.2
Black
6
Level
150
3
................................................
98.6
98.4
99.3
99.4
99.8
99.4
98.7
98.6
99.4
Level
200
4
................................................
74.2
76.9
84.1
85.5
91.3
87.7
82.0
80.6
82.7
Level
250
5
................................................
21.1
24.8
30.1
34.6
40.2
41.7
38.4
35.6
35.1
Level
300
7
................................................
0.8
1.5
1.8
2.8
4.6
4.6
5.7
3.9
3.1
Hispanic
Level
150
3
................................................
 
99.6
99.7
99.5
99.2
99.1
98.1
98.7
98.7
Level
200
4
................................................
 
81.3
86.8
86.7
87.4
85.8
83.4
82.4
86.1
Level
250
5
................................................
 
32.0
35.4
39.0
38.0
37.2
40.9
33.9
39.8
Level
300
7
................................................
 
2.2
2.3
4.1
4.4
3.9
6.0
4.3
5.5
17­
year­
olds
2
Total
Level
150
3
................................................
99.6
99.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.8
100.0
Level
200
4
................................................
96.0
96.4
97.2
98.3
98.9
98.1
97.1
96.8
97.4
Level
250
5
................................................
78.6
80.1
80.7
83.1
85.7
84.1
82.5
80.8
81.4
Level
300
7
................................................
39.0
38.7
37.8
40.3
40.9
41.4
43.2
41.0
38.6
Male
Level
150
3
................................................
99.4
99.5
99.8
99.9
100.0
99.8
99.7
99.7
99.9
Level
200
4
................................................
94.7
95.3
96.3
97.6
98.5
97.0
96.3
95.5
96.3
Level
250
5
................................................
74.4
75.6
77.9
79.6
82.9
79.7
78.4
76.2
76.7
Level
300
7
................................................
33.9
33.7
35.0
35.4
37.1
36.1
38.4
35.6
32.8
Female
Level
150
3
................................................
99.8
99.8
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
100.0
Level
200
4
................................................
97.3
97.5
98.1
99.0
99.3
99.2
97.9
98.0
98.6
Level
250
5
................................................
82.6
84.3
83.6
86.8
88.2
88.6
86.8
85.6
86.4
Level
300
7
................................................
44.0
43.6
40.7
45.0
44.4
46.8
48.5
46.5
44.7
White
6
Level
150
3
................................................
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
Level
200
4
................................................
97.9
98.6
99.1
99.0
99.3
98.8
98.6
98.1
98.5
Level
250
5
................................................
83.7
86.2
86.9
88.0
88.7
88.3
88.0
86.2
86.8
Level
300
7
................................................
43.2
43.9
43.3
46.3
45.4
47.5
50.1
47.7
45.1
Black
6
Level
150
3
................................................
97.6
97.7
99.0
99.9
100.0
99.6
99.1
99.5
99.8
Level
200
4
................................................
81.9
82.0
85.6
95.9
98.0
95.7
91.6
93.4
94.8
Level
250
5
................................................
40.1
43.0
44.0
65.7
75.8
69.1
61.4
65.7
67.2
Level
300
7
................................................
7.7
8.1
7.1
16.2
24.9
19.7
16.9
21.5
18.0
Hispanic
Level
150
3
................................................
 
99.3
99.8
99.8
99.9
99.7
99.8
99.0
99.9
Level
200
4
................................................
 
88.7
93.3
95.6
96.3
95.9
93.4
91.1
94.0
Level
250
5
................................................
 
52.9
62.2
68.3
71.5
75.2
69.2
63.0
64.2
Level
300
7
................................................
 
12.6
16.5
21.2
23.3
27.1
27.3
20.1
20.0
1
As
measured
by
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
2
Excludes
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.
3
Able
to
follow
brief
written
directions
and
carry
out
simple,
discrete
reading
tasks.
4
Able
to
understand,
combine
ideas,
and
make
inferences
based
on
short
uncomplicated
passages
about
specific
or
sequentially
related
information.
5
Able
to
search
for
specific
information,
interrelate
ideas,
and
make
generalizations
about
literature,
science,
and
social
studies
materials.
6
Data
for
1971
include
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
7
Able
to
find,
understand,
summarize,
and
explain
relatively
complicated
literary
and
informational
material.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
131
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
113.
 
Average
proficiency
in
reading
for
4th­
graders
in
public
schools,
1
by
selected
characteristics,
region,
and
state:
1994
Region
and
state
Average
Race/
ethnicity
Sex
Parental
education
2
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian
Male
Female
Did
not
finish
high
school
Graduated
high
school
Some
education
after
high
school
Graduated
college
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
.....................
212
223
186
188
231
216
200
207
218
188
206
222
222
Region
Northeast
................................
212
224
184
191
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
207
216
(
3)
202
222
221
Southeast
................................
208
219
188
184
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
202
215
186
207
222
216
Central
....................................
218
225
182
199
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
212
225
(
3)
215
221
226
West
........................................
212
222
186
186
5
226
(
3)
(
3)
207
217
188
201
221
223
State
Alabama
..................................
208
220
188
178
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
203
213
197
201
217
217
Arizona
....................................
206
220
183
188
(
3)
(
3)
181
201
211
189
200
219
218
Arkansas
.................................
209
218
183
192
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
204
213
196
203
221
215
California
.................................
197
211
182
174
211
5
213
(
3)
194
200
166
191
207
207
Colorado
.................................
213
222
191
193
(
3)
(
3)
204
209
218
192
213
220
222
Connecticut
.............................
222
234
190
190
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
218
226
204
209
234
231
Delaware
.................................
206
215
188
190
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
200
212
185
202
217
214
Florida
.....................................
205
218
183
189
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
199
210
187
195
219
212
Georgia
...................................
207
222
185
184
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
201
212
185
199
219
217
Hawaii
.....................................
201
219
189
185
219
191
(
3)
194
208
192
194
215
208
Indiana
....................................
220
225
193
201
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
216
223
198
216
230
229
Iowa
........................................
223
225
5
186
204
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
219
227
211
219
232
229
Kentucky
.................................
212
215
190
196
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
206
217
195
212
222
218
Louisiana
................................
197
213
180
175
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
193
200
188
196
209
200
Maine
......................................
228
229
(
3)
218
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
225
231
214
225
237
236
Maryland
.................................
210
223
185
197
232
(
3)
(
3)
205
214
195
202
215
217
Massachusetts
........................
223
231
199
194
5
201
(
3)
(
3)
221
226
206
212
230
232
Minnesota
...............................
218
222
173
202
(
3)
(
3)
196
214
223
(
3)
212
220
229
Mississippi
..............................
202
220
187
181
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
196
207
192
199
213
207
Missouri
..................................
217
223
192
200
(
3)
(
3)
212
213
221
199
216
227
225
Montana
4
................................
222
226
(
3)
208
 
 
203
218
227
211
219
227
230
Nebraska
4
..............................
220
224
5
190
205
(
3)
(
3)
202
216
224
(
3)
215
232
231
New
Hampshire
4
....................
223
224
(
3)
213
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
218
229
207
220
236
231
New
Jersey
.............................
219
231
193
200
237
(
3)
(
3)
216
222
193
209
225
230
New
Mexico
............................
205
219
196
196
(
3)
(
3)
185
201
208
188
200
220
215
New
York
................................
212
226
191
193
230
(
3)
(
3)
207
216
196
208
224
220
North
Carolina
........................
214
225
193
189
(
3)
(
3)
5
201
209
220
195
204
226
223
North
Dakota
..........................
225
228
(
3)
212
(
3)
(
3)
5
197
221
230
(
3)
217
232
233
Pennsylvania
4
........................
215
224
180
187
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
211
220
187
210
221
224
Rhode
Island
4
........................
220
226
197
195
203
(
3)
(
3)
215
225
203
217
230
228
South
Carolina
........................
203
219
184
182
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
199
208
189
193
216
213
Tennessee
4
............................
213
220
188
196
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
208
217
200
213
225
219
Texas
......................................
212
227
191
198
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
210
214
195
207
224
222
Utah
........................................
217
221
(
3)
199
(
3)
(
3)
195
213
222
(
3)
211
225
226
Virginia
....................................
213
224
192
206
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
208
219
196
207
220
221
Washington
.............................
213
217
198
190
220
208
207
209
217
197
209
216
223
West
Virginia
..........................
213
215
202
192
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
208
218
196
213
226
221
Wisconsin
4
.............................
224
228
197
203
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
221
227
212
223
228
233
Wyoming
.................................
221
224
(
3)
209
(
3)
(
3)
5
210
218
224
203
215
230
228
Department
of
Defense
Overseas
Schools
..............
218
224
205
211
222
215
210
213
223
(
3)
209
226
223
Guam
......................................
181
192
171
171
180
183
(
3)
172
190
164
176
189
185
1
As
measured
by
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
Fortyone
states
and
Guam
participated
in
the
test,
but
the
sample
size
in
two
states
was
insufficient
to
permit
a
reliable
estimate.
2
Parents'
highest
level
of
education.
Data
not
shown
for
students
who
did
not
know
parents'
level
of
education.
3
Sample
size
is
insufficient
to
permit
a
reliable
estimate.
4
Did
not
satisfy
one
or
more
of
the
guidelines
for
school
sample
participation
rates.
Data
are
subject
to
appreciable
nonresponse
bias.
5
The
nature
of
the
sample
does
not
allow
accurate
determination
of
the
variability
of
this
value.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
The
NAEP
scores
have
been
evaluated
at
certain
performance
levels.
A
score
of
300
implies
an
ability
to
find,
understand,
summarize,
and
explain
relatively
complicated
literary
and
informational
material.
A
score
of
250
implies
an
ability
to
search
for
specific
information,
interrelate
ideas,
and
make
generalizations
about
literature,
science,
and
social
studies
materials.
A
score
of
200
implies
an
ability
to
understand,
combine
ideas,
and
make
inferences
based
on
short
uncomplicated
passages
about
specific
or
sequentially
related
information.
A
score
of
150
implies
an
ability
to
follow
brief
written
directions
and
carry
out
simple,
discrete
reading
tasks.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.
Excludes
states
not
participating
in
the
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
1994
NAEP
Reading,
Revised
Edition:
A
First
Look,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1995.)
132
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
114.
 
Percentage
distribution
of
4th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
time
spent
on
homework
and
television
viewing
each
day:
1992
and
1996
Selected
characteristics
of
students
Time
spent
on
homework
each
day
Amount
of
television
watched
each
day
Don't
have
Don't
do
Half
hour
or
less
One
hour
More
than
one
hour
Six
hours
or
more
Four
to
five
hours
Two
to
three
hours
One
hour
or
less
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1992
All
students
................................
15.1
(
1.2)
3.0
(
0.3)
39.4
(
1.3)
26.7
(
0.9)
15.8
(
0.7)
21.2
(
0.7)
21.6
(
0.7)
35.9
(
0.7)
21.3
(
0.7)

Male
................................................
16.6
(
1.5)
4.6
(
0.4)
38.8
(
1.4)
25.0
(
1.1)
15.0
(
0.9)
25.3
(
1.1)
21.8
(
0.9)
34.3
(
1.2)
18.5
(
0.9)
Female
...........................................
13.5
(
1.1)
1.4
(
0.3)
40.1
(
1.5)
28.4
(
1.0)
16.6
(
0.8)
17.1
(
0.8)
21.3
(
0.9)
37.4
(
1.0)
24.1
(
0.9)

Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
16.9
(
1.4)
2.4
(
0.3)
38.9
(
1.6)
27.7
(
1.1)
14.1
(
0.7)
15.1
(
0.8)
22.3
(
0.9)
39.8
(
0.8)
22.9
(
0.9)
Black
...............................................
9.5
(
1.4)
5.3
(
0.9)
42.7
(
1.5)
22.2
(
1.4)
20.2
(
1.3)
44.0
(
2.0)
18.8
(
1.5)
22.6
(
1.6)
14.5
(
1.0)
Hispanic
..........................................
11.6
(
1.5)
3.6
(
0.7)
38.3
(
1.8)
27.1
(
1.4)
19.4
(
1.6)
28.6
(
1.6)
20.7
(
1.2)
31.4
(
1.7)
19.2
(
1.6)
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.....................
8.9
(
2.6)
2.2
(
1.1)
35.2
(
2.9)
34.1
(
3.4)
19.5
(
2.7)
19.2
(
2.4)
21.7
(
2.9)
33.4
(
3.5)
25.7
(
3.0)
American
Indian
.............................
16.4
(
3.1)
1.8
(
0.9)
43.8
(
4.3)
15.8
(
2.7)
22.1
(
3.4)
28.1
(
3.7)
23.4
(
3.9)
25.1
(
3.5)
23.3
(
3.0)

Parents'
highest
level
of
education
Less
than
high
school
....................
17.6
(
3.1)
5.1
(
1.6)
37.6
(
2.8)
24.2
(
2.3)
15.4
(
2.1)
28.2
(
3.9)
20.8
(
2.1)
32.3
(
4.1)
18.8
(
3.4)
Graduated
high
school
...................
14.3
(
2.0)
3.2
(
0.6)
39.9
(
2.6)
23.2
(
1.9)
19.4
(
1.6)
24.5
(
1.9)
25.2
(
2.4)
36.1
(
1.7)
14.3
(
1.2)
Some
education
after
high
school
16.9
(
2.4)
2.8
(
0.8)
40.9
(
2.3)
25.8
(
2.3)
13.6
(
1.7)
20.8
(
1.8)
24.9
(
1.9)
35.9
(
2.2)
18.4
(
1.7)
Graduated
college
..........................
14.4
(
1.5)
2.2
(
0.3)
40.0
(
1.5)
28.7
(
1.3)
14.7
(
0.9)
17.5
(
1.1)
19.4
(
0.9)
37.0
(
1.1)
26.2
(
1.2)

Region
Northeast
........................................
2.9
(
0.4)
2.4
(
0.5)
42.8
(
1.7)
33.6
(
1.6)
18.2
(
1.3)
21.9
(
2.4)
21.5
(
2.2)
36.6
(
1.6)
20.0
(
1.8)
Southeast
.......................................
11.4
(
1.5)
4.8
(
0.7)
38.0
(
1.9)
27.4
(
1.7)
18.5
(
1.2)
27.0
(
1.7)
18.3
(
1.0)
35.0
(
1.4)
19.7
(
1.5)
Central
............................................
27.0
(
3.4)
2.0
(
0.5)
34.6
(
2.8)
22.7
(
1.6)
13.7
(
1.1)
17.8
(
1.2)
24.7
(
0.9)
38.2
(
1.3)
19.2
(
1.0)
West
...............................................
15.9
(
2.5)
2.8
(
0.3)
42.7
(
3.1)
24.8
(
1.9)
13.8
(
1.6)
19.0
(
1.4)
21.4
(
1.5)
33.9
(
1.5)
25.7
(
1.3)

Type
of
location
Central
city
.....................................
13.1
(
2.5)
4.2
(
0.6)
43.2
(
2.4)
23.7
(
1.7)
15.7
(
1.3)
26.8
(
1.5)
21.2
(
0.6)
30.8
(
1.1)
21.2
(
1.3)
Urban
fringe/
large
town
..................
16.0
(
1.9)
2.4
(
0.3)
41.2
(
2.1)
27.1
(
1.3)
13.4
(
1.1)
17.2
(
1.1)
21.0
(
1.4)
38.5
(
1.3)
23.3
(
1.3)
Rural/
small
town
.............................
18.2
(
2.8)
3.4
(
0.6)
35.7
(
2.5)
27.0
(
2.3)
15.8
(
1.3)
20.4
(
1.5)
23.2
(
1.2)
38.3
(
1.5)
18.1
(
1.2)

1996
All
students
................................
11.0
(
1.0)
3.0
(
0.3)
40.3
(
1.1)
29.3
(
0.8)
16.4
(
0.6)
19.0
(
0.7)
19.5
(
0.7)
36.4
(
0.7)
25.1
(
1.1)

Male
................................................
11.8
(
1.1)
4.4
(
0.5)
40.0
(
1.4)
27.7
(
1.0)
16.1
(
0.7)
22.4
(
0.9)
21.4
(
1.0)
34.8
(
1.0)
21.4
(
1.3)
Female
...........................................
10.2
(
1.1)
1.6
(
0.2)
40.7
(
1.3)
30.9
(
1.2)
16.6
(
1.0)
15.5
(
0.9)
17.6
(
1.0)
38.0
(
0.8)
28.9
(
1.2)

Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
12.6
(
1.4)
2.5
(
0.4)
39.0
(
1.3)
30.7
(
1.0)
15.1
(
0.8)
13.3
(
0.7)
19.9
(
0.9)
40.5
(
0.8)
26.3
(
1.3)
Black
...............................................
7.4
(
1.6)
5.2
(
0.7)
43.5
(
1.7)
24.5
(
1.6)
19.4
(
1.5)
42.1
(
2.0)
19.0
(
1.4)
22.1
(
1.5)
16.8
(
1.6)
Hispanic
..........................................
7.8
(
1.2)
3.8
(
0.8)
42.3
(
2.1)
28.1
(
2.0)
18.1
(
1.7)
21.5
(
1.8)
18.2
(
1.2)
33.8
(
1.7)
26.6
(
1.8)
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.....................
4.8
(
1.8)
1.7
(
0.9)
41.5
(
4.3)
28.8
(
2.5)
23.1
(
3.4)
18.9
(
3.1)
18.8
(
3.3)
29.2
(
3.8)
33.1
(
5.2)
American
Indian
.............................
14.4
(
3.2)
3.0
(
1.6)
44.7
(
3.7)
24.2
(
4.2)
13.6
(
2.8)
25.1
(
4.2)
16.2
(
3.3)
29.1
(
4.1)
29.6
(
4.7)

Parents'
highest
level
of
education
Less
than
high
school
....................
6.8
(
2.1)
6.4
(
1.7)
42.1
(
4.6)
21.7
(
3.4)
23.0
(
3.8)
27.3
(
3.6)
24.9
(
3.0)
24.4
(
3.3)
23.4
(
2.8)
Graduated
high
school
...................
12.2
(
2.0)
3.5
(
0.8)
42.7
(
2.1)
26.8
(
1.9)
14.8
(
1.3)
22.1
(
1.8)
19.8
(
1.5)
38.6
(
1.8)
19.6
(
1.9)
Some
education
after
high
school
11.0
(
2.4)
1.9
(
0.7)
39.7
(
2.7)
35.5
(
2.7)
11.9
(
1.6)
15.8
(
2.1)
24.5
(
2.3)
39.6
(
2.2)
20.1
(
2.1)
Graduated
college
..........................
10.5
(
1.2)
1.9
(
0.3)
39.5
(
1.6)
31.5
(
1.2)
16.6
(
0.9)
16.8
(
1.1)
17.3
(
1.2)
38.9
(
1.1)
27.0
(
1.7)

Region
Northeast
........................................
2.5
(
0.8)
2.9
(
0.5)
39.2
(
2.8)
36.3
(
1.6)
19.1
(
1.4)
17.2
(
1.7)
21.7
(
1.2)
36.2
(
1.8)
24.9
(
1.9)
Southeast
.......................................
4.8
(
1.0)
3.4
(
0.5)
44.2
(
1.9)
29.5
(
0.8)
18.1
(
1.4)
27.8
(
1.9)
18.8
(
1.8)
31.9
(
1.5)
21.5
(
1.6)
Central
............................................
23.2
(
3.1)
3.0
(
0.6)
35.2
(
1.6)
24.6
(
1.6)
13.9
(
1.2)
16.4
(
1.4)
20.0
(
1.6)
40.0
(
0.8)
23.6
(
2.2)
West
...............................................
11.5
(
1.9)
2.8
(
0.5)
42.6
(
2.1)
27.8
(
1.8)
15.3
(
1.2)
16.4
(
1.3)
18.1
(
1.2)
36.7
(
1.4)
28.8
(
2.3)

Type
of
location
Central
city
.....................................
9.1
(
1.7)
4.0
(
0.6)
42.7
(
1.6)
26.9
(
1.5)
17.3
(
1.3)
23.9
(
1.2)
18.6
(
1.0)
34.5
(
1.0)
23.1
(
1.3)
Urban
fringe/
large
town
..................
9.4
(
1.5)
2.6
(
0.3)
42.2
(
1.6)
30.8
(
1.2)
15.0
(
1.1)
15.1
(
1.1)
19.6
(
1.1)
38.8
(
1.0)
26.5
(
1.6)
Rural/
small
town
.............................
18.2
(
2.8)
3.7
(
0.7)
38.8
(
2.4)
24.7
(
2.5)
14.7
(
1.5)
20.4
(
1.3)
20.6
(
1.4)
34.2
(
1.6)
24.9
(
2.1)

NOTE.
 
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
National
Mathematics
Results,
1992
and
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
133
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
115.
 
Average
writing
performance
of
4th­,
8th­,
and
11th­
graders,
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1984
to
1996
Selected
characteristics
of
students
1984
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4th
graders
Total
...................................................
204
(
1.5)
206
(
1.6)
202
(
1.5)
207
(
1.5)
205
(
1.6)
207
(
1.2)

Male
...............................................
201
(
2.8)
199
(
2.3)
195
(
1.9)
198
(
1.7)
196
(
1.7)
200
(
1.8)
Female
...........................................
208
(
3.1)
213
(
2.0)
209
(
2.2)
216
(
1.7)
214
(
2.2)
214
(
1.9)
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
211
(
1.9)
215
(
1.9)
211
(
2.0)
217
(
1.7)
214
(
1.5)
216
(
1.6)
Black
..............................................
182
(
5.0)
173
(
4.7)
171
(
5.4)
175
(
3.8)
173
(
3.2)
182
(
2.3)
Hispanic
.........................................
189
(
5.8)
190
(
3.5)
184
(
4.1)
189
(
3.6)
189
(
3.1)
191
(
3.2)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
179
(
4.6)
194
(
5.4)
186
(
3.9)
191
(
3.2)
188
(
7.8)
190
(
5.5)
Graduated
high
school
...................
192
(
3.4)
199
(
3.0)
197
(
3.0)
202
(
3.2)
202
(
2.3)
203
(
2.3)
Post
high
school
............................
208
(
6.5)
211
(
6.3)
214
(
4.0)
201
(
4.5)
212
(
4.0)
205
(
5.2)
Graduated
college
..........................
218
(
3.0)
212
(
2.2)
209
(
1.6)
214
(
1.4)
212
(
2.1)
214
(
1.7)
Control
of
school
Public
.............................................
202
(
1.8)
204
(
2.0)
200
(
1.4)
205
(
1.6)
204
(
1.8)
206
(
1.5)
Private
............................................
215
(
4.6)
216
(
4.1)
216
(
5.7)
222
(
3.3)
213
(
4.3)
218
(
3.2)
Region
Northeast
........................................
212
(
4.0)
204
(
4.9)
211
(
3.6)
216
(
4.0)
210
(
4.0)
213
(
2.8)
Southeast
.......................................
204
(
3.3)
200
(
2.3)
192
(
4.0)
193
(
2.4)
198
(
3.4)
200
(
3.4)
Central
............................................
201
(
2.6)
212
(
3.0)
203
(
3.1)
214
(
3.1)
209
(
3.3)
212
(
3.1)
West
...............................................
201
(
4.9)
207
(
3.4)
201
(
2.7)
206
(
2.2)
203
(
2.7)
205
(
2.5)

8th
graders
Total
...................................................
267
(
2.0)
264
(
1.3)
257
(
1.2)
274
(
1.3)
265
(
1.3)
264
(
1.0)

Male
...............................................
258
(
2.3)
254
(
1.5)
246
(
1.5)
264
(
1.9)
254
(
1.8)
251
(
1.1)
Female
...........................................
276
(
2.4)
274
(
1.7)
268
(
1.3)
285
(
1.3)
278
(
1.4)
276
(
1.2)
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
272
(
2.1)
269
(
1.3)
262
(
1.6)
279
(
1.3)
272
(
1.4)
271
(
1.0)
Black
..............................................
247
(
5.7)
246
(
3.5)
239
(
2.3)
258
(
4.0)
245
(
3.4)
242
(
2.6)
Hispanic
.........................................
247
(
6.4)
250
(
2.5)
246
(
2.8)
265
(
2.2)
252
(
3.3)
246
(
2.3)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
258
(
4.8)
254
(
3.9)
246
(
3.7)
258
(
5.3)
250
(
4.1)
245
(
4.5)
Graduated
high
school
...................
261
(
1.6)
258
(
2.1)
253
(
1.4)
268
(
1.6)
259
(
2.2)
258
(
1.9)
Post
high
school
............................
271
(
3.9)
275
(
3.3)
267
(
3.0)
280
(
2.2)
270
(
3.1)
270
(
2.4)
Graduated
college
..........................
278
(
1.8)
271
(
1.8)
265
(
1.8)
284
(
1.9)
275
(
1.3)
274
(
1.3)
Control
of
school
Public
.............................................
264
(
2.0)
262
(
1.5)
254
(
1.2)
272
(
1.3)
264
(
1.6)
263
(
1.2)
Private
............................................
282
(
5.5)
276
(
3.0)
277
(
4.4)
288
(
3.2)
279
(
3.8)
272
(
3.3)
Region
Northeast
........................................
273
(
3.6)
265
(
2.7)
261
(
3.3)
285
(
3.3)
277
(
2.2)
264
(
2.4)
Southeast
.......................................
267
(
3.6)
268
(
2.3)
252
(
2.8)
266
(
2.2)
259
(
2.1)
260
(
3.5)
Central
............................................
264
(
2.3)
258
(
2.2)
259
(
3.9)
277
(
2.0)
270
(
4.1)
268
(
2.3)
West
...............................................
264
(
3.0)
264
(
2.1)
255
(
2.6)
271
(
2.3)
259
(
1.6)
263
(
1.3)

11th
graders
Total
...................................................
290
(
1.6)
291
(
1.3)
287
(
1.0)
287
(
1.4)
285
(
1.2)
283
(
1.2)

Male
...............................................
281
(
1.4)
282
(
2.0)
276
(
1.6)
279
(
1.2)
276
(
1.5)
275
(
1.4)
Female
...........................................
299
(
2.5)
299
(
1.2)
298
(
1.5)
296
(
2.0)
293
(
1.5)
292
(
1.4)
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
297
(
1.8)
296
(
1.3)
293
(
1.2)
294
(
1.2)
291
(
1.4)
289
(
1.5)
Black
..............................................
270
(
3.6)
275
(
2.9)
268
(
2.3)
263
(
3.2)
267
(
2.2)
267
(
3.0)
Hispanic
.........................................
259
(
6.6)
274
(
4.4)
277
(
2.6)
274
(
3.8)
271
(
4.0)
269
(
2.5)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
274
(
5.2)
276
(
3.5)
268
(
4.0)
271
(
3.7)
269
(
4.7)
260
(
3.0)
Graduated
high
school
...................
284
(
3.0)
285
(
2.2)
278
(
1.9)
278
(
2.2)
279
(
1.7)
275
(
1.6)
Post
high
school
............................
298
(
2.5)
296
(
2.6)
292
(
2.7)
292
(
2.0)
286
(
1.7)
287
(
2.1)
Graduated
college
..........................
300
(
2.4)
299
(
2.0)
298
(
2.0)
296
(
1.4)
293
(
1.5)
291
(
1.9)
Control
of
school
Public
.............................................
288
(
1.6)
290
(
1.2)
286
(
1.1)
287
(
1.6)
284
(
1.4)
283
(
1.4)
Private
............................................
305
(
3.7)
300
(
3.6)
306
(
5.2)
295
(
4.4)
291
(
3.8)
287
(
6.6)
Region
Northeast
........................................
291
(
3.0)
295
(
2.8)
295
(
2.5)
290
(
2.3)
291
(
2.4)
290
(
2.2)
Southeast
.......................................
287
(
4.9)
289
(
2.2)
280
(
2.3)
278
(
3.3)
277
(
2.5)
273
(
2.2)
Central
............................................
291
(
2.7)
292
(
4.0)
289
(
2.7)
291
(
2.2)
284
(
2.3)
285
(
2.5)
West
...............................................
289
(
3.7)
289
(
2.3)
285
(
2.1)
289
(
2.1)
287
(
2.7)
284
(
2.2)

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
The
writing
scale
score
ranges
from
0
to
500
and
is
defined
as
the
average
of
a
respondent's
estimated
scores
on
specific
writing
tasks.
The
average
response
method
is
used
to
estimate
average
writing
achievement
for
each
participant
as
if
each
had
performed
all
11
writing
tasks.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
134
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
116.
 
Student
values
and
attitudes
toward
writing,
by
grade
level:
1984,
1990,
1992,
and
1994
Statements
about
writing
Percent
of
students
reporting
the
statement
is
true
more
than
half
the
time,
by
grade
level
Grade
4
Grade
8
Grade
11
1984
1990
1992
1994
1984
1990
1992
1994
1984
1990
1992
1994
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Writing
helps
me
think
more
clearly
.........................................................
 
 
 
 
44
46
42
42
52
47
50
54
Writing
helps
me
tell
others
what
I
think
..................................................
 
 
 
 
52
56
52
54
55
58
57
58
Writing
helps
tell
others
how
I
feel
...........................................................
 
 
 
 
50
56
52
52
55
60
60
60
Writing
helps
me
understand
my
own
feelings
........................................
 
 
 
 
40
47
44
45
47
50
49
54
People
who
write
well
have
a
better
chance
of
getting
good
jobs
...........
 
 
 
 
47
53
51
51
54
58
59
58
People
who
write
well
are
more
influential
...............................................
 
 
 
 
49
55
52
51
54
60
60
57
I
like
to
write
..............................................................................................
56
57
54
56
39
42
43
42
40
39
43
42
I
am
a
good
writer
.....................................................................................
60
62
63
64
42
44
44
49
39
44
49
46
People
like
what
I
write
.............................................................................
53
56
55
58
38
39
44
44
36
42
46
44
I
write
on
my
own
outside
of
school
.........................................................
48
42
46
45
36
35
37
36
31
28
33
32
I
don't
like
to
write
things
that
will
be
graded
...........................................
38
33
32
33
31
36
37
38
27
30
30
33
If
I
didn't
have
to
write
for
school,
I
wouldn't
write
anything
....................
33
27
28
27
17
19
18
21
15
16
17
17
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
NAEP
1994
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1997.)

Table
117.
 
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
history
proficiency
levels,
by
selected
characteristics
and
grade
level:
1994
Selected
characteristics
of
students
Percentage
of
4th
graders
Percentage
of
8th
graders
Percentage
of
12th
graders
Below
basic
At
or
above
basic
At
or
above
proficient
At
or
above
advanced
Below
basic
At
or
above
basic
At
or
above
proficient
At
or
above
advanced
Below
basic
At
or
above
basic
At
or
above
proficient
At
or
above
advanced
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
students
..............................
36
64
17
2
39
61
14
1
57
43
11
1
Sex
Male
..........................................
38
62
18
2
39
61
15
1
55
45
12
1
Female
.....................................
35
65
16
2
39
61
13
1
60
40
9
1
Race/
ethnicity
White
........................................
26
74
22
3
29
71
17
1
50
50
13
1
Black
.........................................
64
36
4
0
67
33
4
0
83
17
2
0
Hispanic
....................................
59
41
6
1
59
41
5
0
78
22
4
0
Asian
........................................
36
64
22
4
28
72
23
2
54
46
16
2
Pacific
Islander
..........................
41
59
16
3
48
52
11
1
67
33
7
1
American
Indian
........................
49
51
9
0
58
42
5
0
70
30
5
0
Region
Northeast
..................................
37
63
18
3
31
69
19
1
54
46
13
1
Southeast
.................................
39
61
15
2
49
51
9
0
63
37
8
0
Central
......................................
29
71
20
3
31
69
17
1
55
45
11
1
West
.........................................
39
61
16
1
42
58
11
1
57
43
10
1
Parents'
level
of
education
Not
high
school
graduate
.........
63
37
2
0
63
37
3
0
85
15
1
0
Graduated
high
school
.............
43
57
10
1
50
50
7
0
71
29
4
0
Some
college
...........................
26
74
21
3
32
68
14
0
58
42
8
1
Graduated
college
....................
26
74
25
4
26
74
22
1
44
56
17
1
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1994
U.
S.
History
Report
Card.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1995.)
135
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
118.
 
Average
student
proficiency
in
geography
and
U.
S.
history,
by
student
characteristics:
1994
Characteristic
Percentage
distribution
of
12th
graders
in
geography
Geography
scores
History
scores
Characteristic
Percentage
distribution
of
12th
graders
in
geography
Geography
scores
History
scores
4th
graders
8th
graders
12th
graders
4th
graders
8th
graders
12th
graders
4th
graders
8th
graders
12th
graders
4th
graders
8th
graders
12th
graders
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
United
States
..
100
206
260
285
205
259
286
Sex
Male
................
50
208
262
288
203
259
288
Type
of
school
Female
............
50
203
258
281
206
259
285
Public
.................................
89
204
258
283
203
257
284
Nonpublic
schools
.............
11
221
276
294
222
278
299
Race
Catholic
schools
.............
6
222
276
291
221
279
298
White
..............
74
218
270
291
215
267
292
Other
nonpublic
..............
4
220
276
298
224
277
299
Black
...............
12
168
229
258
177
239
265
Hispanic
..........
8
183
239
268
180
243
267
Region
Parents'
level
of
education
Northeast
........
21
203
266
284
204
266
289
Not
high
school
graduate
..
7
186
238
263
177
241
263
Southeast
.......
23
200
252
278
201
251
282
Graduated
high
school
......
22
197
250
274
197
251
276
Central
............
28
215
268
289
212
266
288
Some
college
.....................
25
216
265
286
214
264
287
West
...............
29
205
255
286
202
256
286
Graduated
college
.............
44
216
272
294
216
270
296
NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
As
with
the
NAEP
reading
scale,
these
scales
range
from
0
to
500.
However,
the
distribution
of
scores
varies
by
subject.
Therefore,
direct
score
comparisons
among
the
subjects
should
be
avoided.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1994
U.
S.
History
Report
Card,
and
The
Geography
Report
Card,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1995.)

Table
119.
 
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
geography
proficiency
levels,
by
selected
characteristics
and
grade
level:
1994
Selected
characteristics
of
students
Percentage
of
4th
graders
Percentage
of
8th
graders
Percentage
of
12th
graders
Below
basic
At
or
above
basic
At
or
above
proficient
At
or
above
advanced
Below
basic
At
or
above
basic
At
or
above
proficient
At
or
above
advanced
Below
basic
At
or
above
basic
At
or
above
proficient
At
or
above
advanced
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
students
.................................
30
70
22
3
29
71
28
4
30
70
27
2
Sex
Male
..........................................
29
71
26
4
28
72
30
5
27
73
32
2
Female
.....................................
32
68
19
2
31
69
25
3
33
67
22
1
Race/
ethnicity
White
........................................
19
81
29
4
18
82
36
5
22
78
33
2
Black
.........................................
66
34
3
0
66
34
5
0
68
32
5
0
Hispanic
....................................
51
49
10
1
50
50
10
1
52
48
10
0
Asian
........................................
21
79
32
5
21
79
40
8
31
69
32
3
Region
Northeast
..................................
33
67
22
3
24
76
33
6
31
69
25
2
Southeast
.................................
36
64
17
2
38
62
21
3
40
60
20
1
Central
......................................
22
78
28
4
20
80
36
6
25
75
32
2
West
.........................................
30
70
21
3
33
67
23
3
28
72
29
2
Parents'
level
of
education
Not
high
school
graduate
.........
48
52
8
0
53
47
8
1
59
41
7
0
Graduated
high
school
.............
37
63
15
1
38
62
15
1
44
56
14
0
Some
college
...........................
20
80
30
3
21
79
29
3
25
75
24
1
Graduated
college
....................
22
78
31
5
18
82
41
7
19
81
40
3
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1994
Geography
Report
Card.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1995.)
136
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
120.
 
Average
mathematics
proficiency,
by
age
and
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1973
to
1996
Selected
characteristics
of
students
1973
1978
1982
1986
1990
1992
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9­
year­
olds
1
Total
....................................................
219
(
0.8)
219
(
0.8)
219
(
1.1)
222
(
1.0)
230
(
0.8)
230
(
0.8)
231
(
0.8)
231
(
0.8)

Male
................................................
218
(
0.7)
217
(
0.7)
217
(
1.2)
222
(
1.1)
229
(
0.9)
231
(
1.0)
232
(
1.0)
233
(
1.2)
Female
...........................................
220
(
1.1)
220
(
1.0)
221
(
1.2)
222
(
1.2)
230
(
1.1)
228
(
1.0)
230
(
0.9)
229
(
0.7)
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
225
(
1.0)
224
(
0.9)
224
(
1.1)
227
(
1.1)
235
(
0.8)
235
(
0.8)
237
(
1.0)
237
(
1.0)
Black
...............................................
190
(
1.8)
192
(
1.1)
195
(
1.6)
202
(
1.6)
208
(
2.2)
208
(
2.0)
212
(
1.6)
212
(
1.4)
Hispanic
..........................................
202
(
2.4)
203
(
2.2)
204
(
1.3)
205
(
2.1)
214
(
2.1)
212
(
2.3)
210
(
2.3)
215
(
1.7)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
 
 
200
(
1.5)
199
(
1.7)
201
(
2.5)
210
(
2.3)
217
(
2.2)
210
(
3.0)
220
(
3.3)
Graduated
high
school
...................
 
 
219
(
1.1)
218
(
1.1)
218
(
1.6)
226
(
1.2)
222
(
1.5)
225
(
1.3)
221
(
1.7)
Some
education
after
high
school
 
 
230
(
1.7)
225
(
2.1)
229
(
2.1)
236
(
2.0)
237
(
1.9)
239
(
2.1)
238
(
2.5)
Graduated
college
..........................
 
 
231
(
1.1)
229
(
1.5)
231
(
1.1)
238
(
1.3)
236
(
1.0)
238
(
0.8)
240
(
1.4)
Control
of
school
Public
..............................................
 
 
217
(
0.8)
217
(
1.1)
220
(
1.2)
229
(
0.9)
228
(
0.9)
229
(
0.9)
230
(
0.8)
Private
............................................
 
 
231
(
1.7)
232
(
2.1)
230
(
2.5)
238
(
2.3)
242
(
1.7)
245
(
2.3)
239
(
2.1)
Region
Northeast
........................................
227
(
1.9)
227
(
1.9)
226
(
1.8)
226
(
2.7)
236
(
2.1)
235
(
1.9)
238
(
2.2)
236
(
2.0)
Southeast
.......................................
208
(
1.3)
209
(
1.2)
210
(
2.5)
218
(
2.5)
224
(
2.4)
221
(
1.7)
229
(
1.4)
227
(
2.0)
Central
............................................
224
(
1.5)
224
(
1.5)
221
(
2.7)
226
(
2.3)
231
(
1.3)
234
(
1.6)
233
(
1.8)
233
(
2.3)
West
...............................................
216
(
2.2)
214
(
1.3)
219
(
1.8)
217
(
2.4)
229
(
1.8)
229
(
2.3)
226
(
1.6)
229
(
1.3)

13­
year­
olds
1
Total
....................................................
266
(
1.1)
264
(
1.1)
269
(
1.1)
269
(
1.2)
270
(
0.9)
273
(
0.9)
274
(
1.0)
274
(
0.8)

Male
................................................
265
(
1.3)
264
(
1.3)
269
(
1.4)
270
(
1.1)
271
(
1.2)
274
(
1.1)
276
(
1.3)
276
(
0.9)
Female
...........................................
267
(
1.1)
265
(
1.1)
268
(
1.1)
268
(
1.5)
270
(
0.9)
272
(
1.0)
273
(
1.0)
272
(
1.0)
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
274
(
0.9)
272
(
0.8)
274
(
1.0)
274
(
1.3)
276
(
1.1)
279
(
0.9)
281
(
0.9)
281
(
0.9)
Black
...............................................
228
(
1.9)
230
(
1.9)
240
(
1.6)
249
(
2.3)
249
(
2.3)
250
(
1.9)
252
(
3.5)
252
(
1.3)
Hispanic
..........................................
239
(
2.2)
238
(
2.0)
252
(
1.7)
254
(
2.9)
255
(
1.8)
259
(
1.8)
256
(
1.9)
256
(
1.6)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
 
 
245
(
1.2)
251
(
1.4)
252
(
2.3)
253
(
1.8)
256
(
1.0)
255
(
2.1)
254
(
2.4)
Graduated
high
school
...................
 
 
263
(
1.0)
263
(
0.8)
263
(
1.2)
263
(
1.2)
263
(
1.2)
266
(
1.1)
267
(
1.1)
Some
education
after
high
school
 
 
273
(
1.2)
275
(
0.9)
274
(
0.8)
277
(
1.0)
278
(
1.0)
277
(
1.6)
278
(
1.4)
Graduated
college
..........................
 
 
284
(
1.2)
282
(
1.5)
280
(
1.4)
280
(
1.0)
283
(
1.0)
285
(
1.2)
283
(
1.2)
Control
of
school
Public
..............................................
 
 
263
(
1.2)
267
(
1.3)
269
(
1.2)
269
(
1.0)
272
(
1.0)
273
(
1.1)
273
(
0.9)
Private
............................................
 
 
279
(
1.4)
281
(
2.1)
276
(
4.9)
280
(
1.7)
283
(
2.5)
285
(
2.4)
286
(
3.6)
Region
Northeast
........................................
275
(
2.4)
273
(
2.4)
277
(
2.0)
277
(
2.2)
275
(
2.3)
274
(
2.2)
284
(
1.5)
275
(
2.1)
Southeast
.......................................
255
(
3.2)
253
(
3.3)
258
(
2.2)
264
(
1.4)
266
(
1.9)
271
(
2.5)
269
(
2.0)
270
(
1.8)
Central
............................................
271
(
1.8)
269
(
1.8)
273
(
2.1)
266
(
4.5)
272
(
2.4)
275
(
1.5)
275
(
3.4)
280
(
1.3)
West
...............................................
262
(
1.9)
260
(
1.9)
266
(
2.4)
270
(
2.1)
269
(
1.6)
272
(
1.4)
272
(
1.7)
273
(
1.9)

17­
year­
olds
1
Total
....................................................
304
(
1.1)
300
(
1.0)
299
(
0.9)
302
(
0.9)
305
(
0.9)
307
(
0.9)
306
(
1.0)
307
(
1.2)

Male
................................................
309
(
1.2)
304
(
1.0)
302
(
1.0)
305
(
1.2)
306
(
1.1)
309
(
1.1)
309
(
1.4)
310
(
1.3)
Female
...........................................
301
(
1.1)
297
(
1.0)
296
(
1.0)
299
(
1.0)
303
(
1.1)
305
(
1.1)
304
(
1.1)
305
(
1.4)
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
310
(
1.1)
306
(
0.9)
304
(
0.9)
308
(
1.0)
310
(
1.0)
312
(
0.8)
312
(
1.1)
313
(
1.4)
Black
...............................................
270
(
1.3)
268
(
1.3)
272
(
1.2)
279
(
2.1)
289
(
2.8)
286
(
2.2)
286
(
1.8)
286
(
1.7)
Hispanic
..........................................
277
(
2.2)
276
(
2.3)
277
(
1.8)
283
(
2.9)
284
(
2.9)
292
(
2.6)
291
(
3.7)
292
(
2.1)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
 
 
280
(
1.2)
279
(
1.0)
279
(
2.3)
285
(
2.2)
286
(
2.3)
284
(
2.4)
281
(
2.4)
Graduated
high
school
...................
 
 
294
(
0.8)
293
(
0.8)
293
(
1.0)
294
(
0.9)
298
(
1.7)
295
(
1.1)
297
(
2.4)
Some
education
after
high
school
 
 
305
(
0.9)
304
(
0.9)
305
(
1.2)
308
(
1.0)
308
(
1.1)
305
(
1.3)
307
(
1.5)
Graduated
college
..........................
 
 
317
(
1.0)
312
(
1.0)
314
(
1.4)
316
(
1.3)
316
(
1.0)
318
(
1.4)
317
(
1.3)
Control
of
school
Public
..............................................
 
 
300
(
1.0)
297
(
0.9)
301
(
1.0)
304
(
0.8)
305
(
0.9)
304
(
0.9)
306
(
1.1)
Private
............................................
 
 
314
(
3.2)
311
(
1.7)
320
(
9.8)
318
(
6.6)
320
(
3.0)
319
(
4.0)
316
(
4.5)
Region
Northeast
........................................
312
(
1.8)
307
(
1.8)
304
(
2.0)
307
(
1.9)
304
(
2.1)
311
(
2.0)
313
(
2.9)
309
(
3.0)
Southeast
.......................................
296
(
1.8)
292
(
1.7)
292
(
2.1)
297
(
1.4)
301
(
2.3)
301
(
1.9)
301
(
1.6)
303
(
2.1)
Central
............................................
306
(
1.8)
305
(
1.9)
302
(
1.4)
304
(
1.9)
311
(
2.1)
312
(
2.0)
307
(
2.2)
314
(
2.0)
West
...............................................
303
(
2.0)
296
(
1.8)
294
(
1.9)
299
(
2.7)
302
(
1.5)
303
(
1.5)
305
(
2.4)
304
(
2.3)

1
Excludes
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
Performers
at
the
150
level
know
some
basic
addition
and
subtraction
facts,
and
most
can
add
two­
digit
numbers
without
regrouping.
They
recognize
simple
situations
in
which
addition
and
subtraction
apply.
Performers
at
the
200
level
have
considerable
understanding
of
two­
digit
numbers
and
know
some
basic
multiplication
and
division
facts.
Performers
at
the
250
level
have
an
initial
understanding
of
the
four
basic
operations
They
can
also
compare
information
from
graphs
and
charts,
and
are
developing
an
ability
to
analyze
simple
logical
relations.
Performers
at
the
300
level
can
compute
decimals,
simple
fractions
and
percents.
They
can
identify
geometric
figures,
measure
lengths
and
angles,
and
calculate
areas
of
rectangles.
They
are
developing
the
skills
to
operate
with
signed
numbers,
exponents,
and
square
roots.
Performers
at
the
350
level
can
apply
a
range
of
reasoning
skills
to
solve
multi­
step
problems.
They
can
solve
routine
problems
involving
fractions
and
percents,
recognize
properties
of
basic
geometric
figures,
and
work
with
exponents
and
square
roots.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
137
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
121.
 
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
mathematics
proficiency
levels,
1
by
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
control
of
school,
and
age:
1978
to
1996
Sex,
race/
ethnicity,
control,
and
year
9­
year­
olds
2
13­
year­
olds
3
17­
year­
olds
3
Simple
arithmetic
facts
4
Beginning
skills
and
understanding
5
Numerical
operations
and
beginning
problem
solving
6
Moderately
complex
procedures
and
reasoning
7
Beginning
skills
and
understanding
5
Numerical
operations
and
beginning
problem
solving
6
Moderately
complex
procedures
and
reasoning
7
Multi­
step
problem
solving
and
algebra
8
Beginning
skills
and
understanding
5
Numerical
operations
and
beginning
problem
solving
6
Moderately
complex
procedures
and
reasoning
7
Multi­
step
problem
solving
and
algebra
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
1978
.................................
96.7
(
0.3)
70.4
(
0.9)
19.6
(
0.7)
0.8
(
0.1)
94.6
(
0.5)
64.9
(
1.2)
18.0
(
0.7)
1.0
(
0.2)
99.8
(
0.1)
92.0
(
0.5)
51.5
(
1.1)
7.3
(
0.4)
1982
.................................
97.1
(
0.3)
71.4
(
1.2)
18.8
(
1.0)
0.6
(
0.1)
97.7
(
0.4)
71.4
(
1.2)
17.4
(
0.9)
0.5
(
0.1)
99.9
(
0.0)
93.0
(
0.5)
48.5
(
1.3)
5.5
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
97.9
(
0.3)
74.1
(
1.2)
20.7
(
0.9)
0.6
(
0.2)
98.6
(
0.2)
73.3
(
1.6)
15.8
(
1.0)
0.4
(
0.1)
99.9
 
95.6
(
0.5)
51.7
(
1.4)
6.5
(
0.5)
1990
.................................
99.1
(
0.2)
81.5
(
1.0)
27.7
(
0.9)
1.2
(
0.3)
98.5
(
0.2)
74.7
(
1.0)
17.3
(
1.0)
0.4
(
0.1)
100.0
 
96.0
(
0.5)
56.1
(
1.4)
7.2
(
0.6)
1992
.................................
99.0
(
0.2)
81.4
(
0.8)
27.8
(
0.9)
1.2
(
0.3)
98.7
(
0.3)
77.9
(
1.1)
18.9
(
1.0)
0.4
(
0.2)
100.0
 
96.6
(
0.5)
59.1
(
1.3)
7.2
(
0.6)
1994
.................................
99.0
(
0.2)
82.0
(
0.7)
29.9
(
1.1)
1.3
(
0.4)
98.5
(
0.3)
78.1
(
1.1)
21.3
(
1.4)
0.6
(
0.2)
100.0
 
96.5
(
0.5)
58.6
(
1.4)
7.4
(
0.8)
1996
.................................
99.1
(
0.2)
81.5
(
0.8)
29.7
(
1.0)
1.6
(
0.3)
98.8
(
0.2)
78.6
(
0.9)
20.6
(
1.2)
0.6
(
0.1)
100.0
 
96.8
(
0.4)
60.1
(
1.7)
7.4
(
0.8)

Male
1978
.................................
96.2
(
0.5)
68.9
(
1.0)
19.2
(
0.6)
0.7
(
0.2)
93.9
(
0.5)
63.9
(
1.3)
18.4
(
0.9)
1.1
(
0.2)
99.9
(
0.1)
93.0
(
0.5)
55.1
(
1.2)
9.5
(
0.6)
1982
.................................
96.5
(
0.5)
68.8
(
1.3)
18.1
(
1.1)
0.6
(
0.1)
97.5
(
0.6)
71.3
(
1.4)
18.9
(
1.2)
0.7
(
0.2)
100.0
 
93.9
(
0.6)
51.9
(
1.5)
6.9
(
0.7)
1986
.................................
98.0
(
0.5)
74.0
(
1.4)
20.9
(
1.1)
0.7
(
0.3)
98.5
(
0.3)
73.8
(
1.8)
17.6
(
1.1)
0.5
(
0.2)
99.9
 
96.1
(
0.6)
54.6
(
1.8)
8.4
(
0.9)
1990
.................................
99.0
(
0.3)
80.6
(
1.0)
27.5
(
1.0)
1.3
(
0.4)
98.2
(
0.3)
75.1
(
1.8)
19.0
(
1.2)
0.5
(
0.2)
99.9
 
95.8
(
0.8)
57.6
(
1.4)
8.8
(
0.8)
1992
.................................
99.0
(
0.3)
81.9
(
1.0)
29.4
(
1.2)
1.4
(
0.3)
98.8
(
0.4)
78.1
(
1.6)
20.7
(
1.1)
0.5
(
0.2)
100.0
 
96.9
(
0.6)
60.5
(
1.8)
9.1
(
0.7)
1994
.................................
99.1
(
0.3)
82.3
(
0.9)
31.5
(
1.6)
1.4
(
0.4)
98.3
(
0.4)
78.9
(
1.5)
23.9
(
1.6)
0.8
(
0.3)
100.0
 
97.3
(
0.6)
60.2
(
2.1)
9.3
(
1.0)
1996
.................................
99.1
(
0.2)
82.5
(
1.1)
32.7
(
1.7)
2.0
(
0.5)
98.7
(
0.3)
79.8
(
1.4)
23.0
(
1.6)
0.8
(
0.2)
100.0
 
97.0
(
0.7)
62.7
(
1.8)
9.5
(
1.3)

Female
1978
.................................
97.2
(
0.3)
72.0
(
1.1)
19.9
(
1.0)
0.8
(
0.2)
95.2
(
0.5)
65.9
(
1.2)
17.5
(
0.7)
0.9
(
0.2)
99.7
(
0.1)
91.0
(
0.6)
48.2
(
1.3)
5.2
(
0.7)
1982
.................................
97.6
(
0.3)
74.0
(
1.3)
19.6
(
1.1)
0.5
(
0.1)
98.0
(
0.3)
71.4
(
1.3)
15.9
(
1.0)
0.4
(
0.2)
99.9
(
0.0)
92.1
(
0.6)
45.3
(
1.4)
4.1
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
97.8
(
0.4)
74.3
(
1.3)
20.6
(
1.3)
0.6
(
0.3)
98.6
(
0.3)
72.7
(
1.9)
14.1
(
1.3)
0.3
(
0.1)
100.0
 
95.1
(
0.7)
48.9
(
1.7)
4.7
(
0.6)
1990
.................................
99.1
(
0.3)
82.3
(
1.3)
27.9
(
1.3)
1.0
(
0.3)
98.9
(
0.2)
74.4
(
1.3)
15.7
(
1.0)
0.2
(
0.1)
100.0
 
96.2
(
0.8)
54.7
(
1.8)
5.6
(
0.8)
1992
.................................
99.0
(
0.3)
80.9
(
1.1)
26.3
(
1.5)
1.0
(
0.4)
98.6
(
0.2)
77.7
(
1.1)
17.2
(
1.4)
0.3
 
100.0
 
96.3
(
0.8)
57.7
(
1.6)
5.2
(
0.8)
1994
.................................
98.9
(
0.3)
81.7
(
0.9)
28.3
(
1.3)
1.1
(
0.4)
98.7
(
0.3)
77.3
(
1.0)
18.7
(
1.4)
0.5
(
0.3)
100.0
 
96.0
(
0.6)
57.2
(
1.4)
5.5
(
0.9)
1996
.................................
99.1
(
0.4)
80.7
(
0.9)
26.7
(
1.1)
1.2
(
0.4)
98.8
(
0.3)
77.4
(
1.1)
18.4
(
1.5)
0.5
(
0.2)
100.0
 
96.7
(
0.6)
57.6
(
2.2)
5.3
(
0.8)

White,
non­
Hispanic
1978
.................................
98.3
(
0.2)
76.3
(
1.0)
22.9
(
0.9)
0.9
(
0.2)
97.6
(
0.3)
72.9
(
0.9)
21.4
(
0.7)
1.2
(
0.2)
100.0
 
95.6
(
0.3)
57.6
(
1.1)
8.5
(
0.5)
1982
.................................
98.5
(
0.3)
76.8
(
1.2)
21.8
(
1.1)
0.6
(
0.1)
99.1
(
0.1)
78.3
(
0.9)
20.5
(
1.0)
0.6
(
0.1)
100.0
 
96.2
(
0.3)
54.7
(
1.4)
6.4
(
0.5)
1986
.................................
98.8
(
0.2)
79.6
(
1.3)
24.6
(
1.0)
0.8
(
0.3)
99.3
(
0.3)
78.9
(
1.7)
18.6
(
1.2)
0.4
(
0.1)
100.0
 
98.0
(
0.4)
59.1
(
1.7)
7.9
(
0.7)
1990
.................................
99.6
(
0.2)
86.9
(
0.9)
32.7
(
1.0)
1.5
(
0.4)
99.4
(
0.1)
82.0
(
1.0)
21.0
(
1.2)
0.4
(
0.2)
100.0
 
97.6
(
0.3)
63.2
(
1.6)
8.3
(
0.7)
1992
.................................
99.6
(
0.1)
86.9
(
0.7)
32.4
(
1.0)
1.4
(
0.3)
99.6
(
0.2)
84.9
(
1.1)
22.8
(
1.3)
0.4
(
0.2)
100.0
 
98.3
(
0.4)
66.4
(
1.4)
8.7
(
0.9)
1994
.................................
99.6
(
0.2)
87.0
(
0.8)
35.3
(
1.3)
1.5
(
0.4)
99.3
(
0.2)
85.5
(
0.9)
25.6
(
1.6)
0.7
(
0.3)
100.0
 
98.4
(
0.4)
67.0
(
1.4)
9.4
(
1.1)
1996
.................................
99.6
(
0.1)
86.6
(
0.8)
35.7
(
1.4)
2.0
(
0.4)
99.6
(
0.2)
86.4
(
1.0)
25.4
(
1.5)
0.8
(
0.2)
100.0
 
98.7
(
0.4)
68.7
(
2.2)
9.2
(
1.0)

Black,
non­
Hispanic
1978
.................................
88.4
(
1.0)
42.0
(
1.4)
4.1
(
0.6)
0.0
 
79.7
(
1.5)
28.7
(
2.1)
2.3
(
0.5)
0.0
 
98.8
(
0.3)
70.7
(
1.7)
16.8
(
1.6)
0.5
(
0.2)
1982
.................................
90.2
(
1.0)
46.1
(
2.4)
4.4
(
0.8)
0.0
 
90.2
(
1.6)
37.9
(
2.5)
2.9
(
1.0)
0.0
 
99.7
(
0.2)
76.4
(
1.5)
17.1
(
1.5)
0.5
(
0.3)
1986
.................................
93.9
(
1.4)
53.4
(
2.5)
5.6
(
0.9)
0.1
 
95.4
(
0.9)
49.0
(
3.7)
4.0
(
1.4)
0.1
 
100.0
 
85.6
(
2.5)
20.8
(
2.8)
0.2
 
1990
.................................
96.9
(
0.9)
60.0
(
2.8)
9.4
(
1.7)
0.1
 
95.4
(
1.1)
48.7
(
3.6)
3.9
(
1.6)
0.1
 
99.9
 
92.4
(
2.2)
32.8
(
4.5)
2.0
(
1.0)
1992
.................................
96.6
(
1.1)
59.8
(
2.8)
9.6
(
1.4)
0.1
 
95.0
(
1.4)
51.0
(
2.7)
4.0
(
0.7)
0.1
 
100.0
 
89.6
(
2.5)
29.8
(
3.9)
0.9
 
1994
.................................
97.4
(
1.0)
65.9
(
2.6)
11.1
(
1.7)
0.0
 
95.6
(
1.6)
51.0
(
3.9)
6.4
(
2.4)
0.3
 
100.0
 
90.6
(
1.8)
29.8
(
3.4)
0.4
 
1996
.................................
97.3
(
0.8)
65.3
(
2.4)
10.0
(
1.2)
0.1
 
96.2
(
1.3)
53.7
(
2.6)
4.8
(
1.1)
0.1
 
100.0
 
90.6
(
1.3)
31.2
(
2.5)
0.9
 
Hispanic
1978
.................................
93.0
(
1.2)
54.2
(
2.8)
9.2
(
2.5)
0.2
 
86.4
(
0.9)
36.0
(
2.9)
4.0
(
1.0)
0.1
 
99.3
(
0.4)
78.3
(
2.3)
23.4
(
2.7)
1.4
(
0.6)
1982
.................................
94.3
(
1.2)
55.7
(
2.3)
7.8
(
1.7)
0.0
 
95.9
(
0.9)
52.2
(
2.5)
6.3
(
1.0)
0.0
 
99.8
 
81.4
(
1.9)
21.6
(
2.2)
0.7
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
96.4
(
1.3)
57.6
(
2.9)
7.3
(
2.8)
0.1
 
96.9
(
1.4)
56.0
(
5.0)
5.5
(
1.1)
0.2
 
99.4
 
89.3
(
2.5)
26.5
(
4.5)
1.1
 
1990
.................................
98.0
(
0.8)
68.4
(
3.0)
11.3
(
3.5)
0.2
 
96.8
(
1.1)
56.7
(
3.3)
6.4
(
1.7)
0.1
 
99.6
 
85.8
(
4.2)
30.1
(
3.1)
1.9
(
0.8)
1992
.................................
97.2
(
1.3)
65.0
(
2.9)
11.7
(
2.5)
0.1
 
98.1
(
0.7)
63.3
(
2.7)
7.0
(
1.2)
0.0
 
100.0
 
94.1
(
2.2)
39.2
(
4.9)
1.2
 
1994
.................................
97.2
(
1.2)
63.5
(
3.1)
9.7
(
1.8)
0.0
 
97.1
(
1.3)
59.2
(
2.2)
6.4
(
1.8)
0.0
 
100.0
 
91.8
(
3.6)
38.3
(
5.5)
1.4
 
1996
.................................
98.1
(
0.7)
67.1
(
2.1)
13.8
(
2.3)
0.2
 
96.2
(
0.8)
58.3
(
2.3)
6.7
(
1.2)
0.0
 
99.9
 
92.2
(
2.2)
40.1
(
3.5)
1.8
 
Public
1978
.................................
96.4
(
0.3)
68.8
(
0.9)
18.5
(
0.7)
0.7
(
0.2)
94.1
(
0.5)
63.3
(
1.2)
17.0
(
0.8)
0.9
(
0.2)
99.8
(
0.1)
91.7
(
0.5)
50.6
(
1.2)
7.0
(
0.4)
1982
.................................
96.8
(
0.4)
69.4
(
1.2)
17.3
(
0.9)
0.5
(
0.1)
97.5
(
0.4)
69.7
(
1.3)
16.4
(
1.0)
0.5
(
0.1)
99.9
(
0.0)
92.5
(
0.6)
46.9
(
1.3)
5.2
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
97.7
(
0.3)
72.7
(
1.4)
19.1
(
1.1)
0.6
(
0.2)
98.5
(
0.3)
72.9
(
1.7)
15.6
(
1.0)
0.4
(
0.1)
99.9
 
95.5
(
0.5)
50.7
(
1.6)
6.1
(
0.5)
1990
.................................
99.0
(
0.2)
80.5
(
1.1)
26.8
(
1.0)
1.1
(
0.3)
98.4
(
0.2)
73.3
(
1.2)
16.7
(
1.1)
0.3
(
0.1)
100.0
 
95.8
(
0.6)
55.0
(
1.3)
6.5
(
0.5)
1992
.................................
98.8
(
0.3)
79.7
(
0.9)
26.1
(
0.9)
1.1
(
0.3)
98.5
(
0.3)
76.3
(
1.2)
18.0
(
1.0)
0.3
(
0.2)
100.0
 
96.3
(
0.6)
56.9
(
1.2)
6.7
(
0.7)
1994
.................................
98.9
(
0.3)
80.6
(
0.8)
27.9
(
1.2)
1.1
(
0.4)
98.5
(
0.3)
76.7
(
1.2)
20.0
(
1.4)
0.6
(
0.2)
100.0
 
96.2
(
0.5)
56.2
(
1.3)
6.4
(
0.7)
1996
.................................
99.0
(
0.2)
80.7
(
0.8)
28.3
(
1.1)
1.5
(
0.3)
98.6
(
0.2)
77.2
(
0.9)
19.2
(
1.3)
0.6
(
0.1)
100.0
 
96.7
(
0.5)
59.0
(
1.8)
7.1
(
0.7)

Private
1978
.................................
99.0
 
83.3
(
1.9)
28.4
(
2.0)
1.2
(
0.4)
99.0
(
0.4)
80.8
(
1.7)
26.9
(
1.8)
1.4
(
0.4)
100.0
 
97.1
(
0.6)
67.7
(
3.3)
12.9
(
2.7)
1982
.................................
99.0
(
0.4)
84.3
(
2.1)
28.6
(
2.6)
1.0
(
0.6)
99.5
(
0.3)
85.1
(
1.6)
26.3
(
3.1)
1.0
(
0.3)
100.0
 
98.1
(
0.5)
66.3
(
2.4)
8.2
(
1.4)
1986
.................................
98.7
(
0.8)
81.8
(
2.3)
28.9
(
2.7)
1.1
(
0.6)
98.9
(
0.6)
81.9
(
3.3)
22.0
(
6.8)
0.1
 
100.0
 
99.4
 
75.1
(
10.6)
16.3
(
9.1)
1990
.................................
99.7
 
89.3
(
1.8)
35.2
(
3.3)
1.8
(
1.2)
99.7
 
87.0
(
2.0)
23.2
(
2.5)
0.7
(
0.4)
100.0
 
98.2
(
1.2)
71.0
(
7.9)
15.7
(
5.3)
1992
.................................
99.8
(
0.1)
92.2
(
1.2)
38.6
(
2.7)
1.9
(
0.7)
99.9
 
89.7
(
2.1)
25.9
(
3.7)
0.7
(
0.4)
100.0
 
99.5
 
79.5
(
3.7)
12.2
(
2.7)
1994
.................................
99.8
 
92.3
(
1.3)
44.4
(
4.0)
2.2
(
0.8)
98.7
 
88.5
(
2.6)
30.7
(
3.7)
1.0
 
100.0
 
98.8
(
0.6)
75.7
(
4.3)
14.5
(
3.5)
1996
.................................
99.6
 
87.1
(
1.5)
38.7
(
3.0)
2.1
(
1.1)
99.6
 
89.3
(
3.5)
31.6
(
4.8)
1.0
(
0.6)
100.0
 
98.5
(
0.8)
71.5
(
6.4)
10.4
(
1.0)

1
As
measured
by
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
2
Virtually
no
students
were
able
to
perform
multi­
step
problems
and
algebra.
3
Virtually
all
students
knew
simple
arithmetic
facts.
Data
are
only
for
students
enrolled
in
school.
4
Scale
score
of
150
or
above.
5
Scale
score
of
200
or
above.
6
Scale
score
of
250
or
above.
7
Scale
score
of
300
or
above.
8
Scale
score
of
350
or
above.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
138
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
122.
 
Mathematics
attainment
for
8th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
region
and
state:
1996
Region
and
state
Average
proficiency
Percent
attaining
mathematics
achievement
levels
1
Percent
of
students
by
highest
level
of
education
attained
by
parents
2
Below
basic
Basic
or
above
3
Proficient
or
above
4
Advanced
or
above
5
Did
not
finish
high
school
Graduated
high
school
Some
education
after
high
school
Graduated
college
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
............................
271
(
1.1)
38
(
1.1)
62
(
1.1)
24
(
1.1)
4
(
0.5)
8
(
0.5)
23
(
0.8)
19
(
0.8)
39
(
1.4)

Region
Northeast
......................................
277
(
3.1)
33
(
3.1)
67
(
3.1)
27
(
3.7)
5
(
1.9)
 
 
 
 
Southeast
......................................
266
(
2.6)
44
(
3.2)
56
(
3.2)
18
(
1.8)
3
(
0.6)
 
 
 
 
Central
..........................................
277
(
3.1)
31
(
3.4)
69
(
3.4)
29
(
2.5)
5
(
1.0)
 
 
 
 
West
..............................................
269
(
2.2)
41
(
2.2)
59
(
2.2)
22
(
1.9)
3
(
0.6)
 
 
 
 
State
Alabama
.........................................
257
(
2.1)
55
(
2.6)
45
(
2.6)
12
(
1.8)
1
(
0.4)
10
(
0.8)
30
(
1.5)
15
(
0.8)
37
(
2.1)
Alaska
............................................
278
(
1.8)
32
(
2.3)
68
(
2.3)
30
(
1.6)
7
(
1.1)
4
(
0.7)
19
(
1.1)
20
(
1.1)
43
(
1.5)
Arizona
...........................................
268
(
1.6)
43
(
1.9)
57
(
1.9)
18
(
1.2)
2
(
0.3)
9
(
0.9)
18
(
1.1)
21
(
1.0)
38
(
1.8)
Arkansas
........................................
262
(
1.5)
48
(
1.8)
52
(
1.8)
13
(
1.0)
2
(
0.4)
10
(
0.8)
30
(
1.6)
19
(
1.0)
30
(
1.4)
California
........................................
263
(
1.9)
49
(
2.1)
51
(
2.1)
17
(
1.5)
3
(
0.5)
10
(
0.8)
17
(
0.8)
16
(
1.0)
38
(
1.7)

Colorado
........................................
276
(
1.1)
33
(
1.3)
67
(
1.3)
25
(
1.3)
3
(
0.5)
6
(
0.6)
19
(
0.9)
20
(
0.8)
45
(
1.5)
Connecticut
....................................
280
(
1.1)
30
(
1.4)
70
(
1.4)
31
(
1.5)
5
(
0.6)
5
(
0.6)
19
(
0.9)
17
(
0.8)
51
(
1.3)
Delaware
........................................
267
(
0.9)
45
(
1.3)
55
(
1.3)
19
(
1.0)
3
(
0.6)
5
(
0.5)
27
(
1.2)
19
(
0.9)
38
(
1.2)
District
of
Columbia
.......................
233
(
1.3)
80
(
1.2)
20
(
1.2)
5
(
0.8)
1
(
0.3)
7
(
0.6)
28
(
1.1)
18
(
0.9)
33
(
1.3)
Florida
............................................
264
(
1.8)
46
(
2.1)
54
(
2.1)
17
(
1.3)
2
(
0.4)
8
(
0.7)
23
(
1.1)
18
(
0.9)
40
(
1.6)

Georgia
..........................................
262
(
1.6)
49
(
2.0)
51
(
2.0)
16
(
1.8)
2
(
0.5)
8
(
0.7)
27
(
1.4)
18
(
1.0)
39
(
2.0)
Hawaii
............................................
262
(
1.0)
49
(
1.5)
51
(
1.5)
16
(
0.9)
2
(
0.4)
4
(
0.5)
26
(
1.1)
16
(
0.8)
38
(
1.0)
Indiana
...........................................
276
(
1.4)
32
(
2.0)
68
(
2.0)
24
(
1.7)
3
(
0.5)
7
(
0.7)
30
(
1.2)
21
(
1.1)
36
(
1.4)
Iowa
...............................................
284
(
1.3)
22
(
1.4)
78
(
1.4)
31
(
1.8)
4
(
0.6)
5
(
0.5)
24
(
1.6)
19
(
0.9)
46
(
1.7)
Kentucky
........................................
267
(
1.1)
44
(
1.6)
56
(
1.6)
16
(
1.2)
1
(
0.3)
13
(
0.8)
31
(
0.9)
17
(
0.8)
30
(
1.3)

Louisiana
........................................
252
(
1.6)
62
(
2.0)
38
(
2.0)
7
(
1.1)
0
(
0.2)
9
(
0.7)
33
(
1.0)
19
(
0.8)
30
(
1.3)
Maine
.............................................
284
(
1.3)
23
(
1.5)
77
(
1.5)
31
(
1.7)
6
(
0.7)
5
(
0.5)
23
(
0.9)
21
(
1.1)
44
(
1.6)
Maryland
........................................
270
(
2.1)
43
(
2.2)
57
(
2.2)
24
(
2.3)
5
(
1.0)
5
(
0.6)
24
(
1.3)
17
(
1.0)
45
(
1.6)
Massachusetts
...............................
278
(
1.7)
32
(
2.3)
68
(
2.3)
28
(
1.8)
5
(
0.8)
6
(
0.6)
18
(
1.0)
15
(
0.8)
51
(
1.7)
Michigan
.........................................
277
(
1.8)
33
(
2.1)
67
(
2.1)
28
(
1.8)
4
(
0.8)
5
(
0.5)
22
(
1.5)
21
(
0.9)
42
(
1.6)

Minnesota
......................................
284
(
1.3)
25
(
1.5)
75
(
1.5)
34
(
1.8)
6
(
0.8)
3
(
0.3)
21
(
1.1)
19
(
1.1)
50
(
1.6)
Mississippi
......................................
250
(
1.2)
64
(
1.3)
36
(
1.3)
7
(
0.8)
0
(
0.2)
11
(
0.6)
29
(
1.1)
15
(
0.7)
36
(
1.2)
Missouri
..........................................
273
(
1.4)
36
(
2.0)
64
(
2.0)
22
(
1.4)
2
(
0.5)
8
(
0.6)
27
(
1.0)
19
(
0.9)
37
(
1.6)
Montana
.........................................
283
(
1.3)
25
(
1.7)
75
(
1.7)
32
(
1.5)
5
(
0.5)
6
(
0.8)
21
(
1.1)
20
(
1.2)
48
(
1.5)
Nebraska
........................................
283
(
1.0)
24
(
1.1)
76
(
1.1)
31
(
1.5)
5
(
0.7)
6
(
0.7)
19
(
1.5)
18
(
1.2)
49
(
2.4)

New
Mexico
...................................
262
(
1.2)
49
(
1.6)
51
(
1.6)
14
(
1.1)
2
(
0.3)
11
(
0.9)
25
(
1.1)
19
(
1.0)
34
(
1.3)
New
York
.......................................
270
(
1.7)
39
(
2.0)
61
(
2.0)
22
(
1.5)
3
(
0.5)
6
(
0.6)
20
(
1.1)
17
(
1.0)
45
(
1.5)
North
Carolina
................................
268
(
1.4)
44
(
1.8)
56
(
1.8)
20
(
1.3)
3
(
0.6)
7
(
0.5)
24
(
1.1)
20
(
0.9)
40
(
1.5)
North
Dakota
..................................
284
(
0.9)
23
(
1.2)
77
(
1.2)
33
(
1.5)
4
(
0.7)
3
(
0.4)
19
(
1.0)
16
(
0.7)
55
(
1.2)
Oregon
...........................................
276
(
1.5)
33
(
1.7)
67
(
1.7)
26
(
1.6)
4
(
0.7)
7
(
0.6)
18
(
0.9)
20
(
1.0)
44
(
1.7)

Rhode
Island
..................................
269
(
0.9)
40
(
1.6)
60
(
1.6)
20
(
1.3)
3
(
0.4)
8
(
0.5)
22
(
0.9)
17
(
0.7)
40
(
0.9)
South
Carolina
...............................
261
(
1.5)
52
(
1.7)
48
(
1.7)
14
(
1.2)
2
(
0.4)
9
(
0.7)
28
(
1.1)
17
(
0.9)
37
(
1.4)
Tennessee
.....................................
263
(
1.4)
47
(
1.8)
53
(
1.8)
15
(
1.3)
2
(
0.3)
10
(
0.7)
32
(
1.4)
19
(
0.8)
31
(
1.6)
Texas
.............................................
270
(
1.4)
41
(
1.8)
59
(
1.8)
21
(
1.5)
3
(
0.4)
13
(
1.1)
21
(
1.0)
15
(
1.0)
38
(
2.0)
Utah
...............................................
277
(
1.0)
30
(
1.5)
70
(
1.5)
24
(
1.3)
3
(
0.4)
3
(
0.4)
17
(
0.8)
18
(
0.8)
53
(
1.3)

Vermont
.........................................
279
(
1.0)
28
(
1.7)
72
(
1.7)
27
(
1.4)
4
(
0.6)
5
(
0.5)
25
(
1.1)
16
(
0.9)
49
(
1.4)
Virginia
...........................................
270
(
1.6)
42
(
2.0)
58
(
2.0)
21
(
1.2)
3
(
0.4)
8
(
0.8)
26
(
1.1)
16
(
0.9)
42
(
1.7)
Washington
....................................
276
(
1.3)
33
(
1.6)
67
(
1.6)
26
(
1.2)
4
(
0.7)
6
(
0.6)
16
(
0.9)
21
(
0.8)
46
(
1.4)
West
Virginia
..................................
265
(
1.0)
46
(
1.6)
54
(
1.6)
14
(
0.9)
1
(
0.4)
11
(
0.8)
33
(
0.9)
19
(
0.8)
30
(
1.1)
Wisconsin
.......................................
283
(
1.5)
25
(
2.0)
75
(
2.0)
32
(
2.0)
5
(
0.8)
5
(
0.7)
26
(
1.1)
21
(
0.9)
40
(
1.6)
Wyoming
........................................
275
(
0.9)
32
(
1.2)
68
(
1.2)
22
(
1.0)
2
(
0.6)
5
(
0.5)
21
(
0.9)
20
(
0.8)
44
(
1.2)

Outlying
area
Guam
.............................................
239
(
1.7)
71
(
1.6)
29
(
1.6)
6
(
0.8)
0
 
2
(
0.6)
21
(
1.5)
22
(
1.7)
43
(
2.1)

1
Achievement
levels
are
in
developmental
status.
2
Excludes
students
who
responded
``
I
don't
know''
to
the
question
about
education
level
of
parents.
3
This
level
denotes
partial
mastery
of
prerequisite
knowledge
and
skills
that
are
fundamental
for
proficient
work
at
the
8th
grade.
4
This
level
represents
solid
academic
performance
for
8th
graders.
Students
reaching
this
level
have
demonstrated
competency
over
challenging
subject
matter,
including
subject
matter
knowledge,
application
of
such
knowledge
to
real­
world
situations,
and
analytical
skills
appropriate
to
the
subject
matter.
5
This
level
signifies
superior
performance.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
Forty­
four
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
one
outlying
area
participated
in
the
1996
Trial
State
Assessment
of
8th
graders.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.
Results
are
not
shown
for
states
with
a
school
participation
rate
of
less
than
70
percent.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Mathematics
Report
Card
for
the
Nation
and
the
States,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
139
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
123.
 
Mathematics
attainment
for
4th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
region
and
state:
1996
Region
and
state
Average
proficiency
Percent
attaining
mathematics
achievement
levels
1
Percent
of
students
by
highest
level
of
education
attained
by
parents
2
Below
basic
Basic
or
above
3
Proficient
or
above
4
Advanced
or
above
5
Did
not
finish
high
school
Graduated
high
school
Some
education
after
high
school
Graduated
college
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
............................
224
(
1.0)
36
(
1.4)
64
(
1.4)
21
(
1.0)
2
(
0.3)
4
(
0.4)
13
(
0.7)
7
(
0.4)
37
(
1.3)

Region
Northeast
......................................
228
(
2.0)
30
(
2.9)
70
(
2.9)
26
(
1.6)
3
(
0.9)
 
 
 
 
Southeast
......................................
218
(
1.9)
45
(
2.9)
55
(
2.9)
16
(
2.4)
2
(
0.8)
 
 
 
 
Central
..........................................
231
(
2.9)
25
(
2.6)
75
(
2.6)
27
(
2.1)
2
(
0.6)
 
 
 
 
West
..............................................
220
(
1.7)
42
(
2.8)
58
(
2.8)
18
(
1.7)
2
(
0.5)
 
 
 
 
State
Alabama
.........................................
212
(
1.2)
52
(
2.0)
48
(
2.0)
11
(
1.1)
1
(
0.2)
7
(
0.8)
19
(
1.0)
9
(
0.7)
35
(
1.6)
Alaska
............................................
224
(
1.3)
35
(
2.0)
65
(
2.0)
21
(
1.2)
2
(
0.5)
3
(
0.5)
10
(
0.9)
8
(
0.7)
34
(
1.5)
Arizona
...........................................
218
(
1.7)
43
(
2.4)
57
(
2.4)
15
(
1.6)
1
(
0.4)
5
(
0.5)
11
(
0.9)
9
(
0.6)
34
(
1.7)
Arkansas
........................................
216
(
1.5)
46
(
2.2)
54
(
2.2)
13
(
1.4)
1
(
0.3)
6
(
0.6)
20
(
1.0)
9
(
0.7)
31
(
1.3)
California
........................................
209
(
1.8)
54
(
2.4)
46
(
2.4)
11
(
1.5)
1
(
0.4)
4
(
0.6)
9
(
0.7)
7
(
0.6)
32
(
1.4)
Colorado
........................................
226
(
1.0)
33
(
1.6)
67
(
1.6)
22
(
1.3)
2
(
0.3)
3
(
0.4)
10
(
0.7)
10
(
0.6)
42
(
1.6)

Connecticut
....................................
232
(
1.1)
25
(
1.5)
75
(
1.5)
31
(
1.7)
3
(
0.5)
3
(
0.4)
9
(
0.6)
8
(
0.6)
47
(
1.3)
Delaware
........................................
215
(
0.6)
46
(
1.1)
54
(
1.1)
16
(
1.2)
1
(
0.4)
3
(
0.4)
13
(
0.8)
8
(
0.7)
37
(
1.0)
District
of
Columbia
.......................
187
(
1.1)
80
(
0.8)
20
(
0.8)
5
(
0.5)
1
(
0.4)
4
(
0.4)
15
(
0.6)
6
(
0.4)
42
(
1.0)
Florida
............................................
216
(
1.2)
45
(
1.7)
55
(
1.7)
15
(
1.1)
1
(
0.2)
4
(
0.6)
12
(
1.0)
7
(
0.6)
38
(
1.5)
Georgia
..........................................
215
(
1.5)
47
(
2.1)
53
(
2.1)
13
(
1.3)
1
(
0.3)
6
(
0.6)
17
(
0.9)
7
(
0.6)
36
(
1.6)

Hawaii
............................................
215
(
1.5)
47
(
1.6)
53
(
1.6)
16
(
1.1)
2
(
0.4)
2
(
0.3)
12
(
0.7)
6
(
0.5)
39
(
1.2)
Indiana
...........................................
229
(
1.0)
28
(
1.7)
72
(
1.7)
24
(
1.6)
2
(
0.5)
4
(
0.4)
19
(
1.0)
9
(
0.9)
37
(
1.8)
Iowa
...............................................
229
(
1.1)
26
(
1.4)
74
(
1.4)
22
(
1.4)
1
(
0.4)
3
(
0.4)
16
(
0.9)
9
(
0.7)
36
(
1.7)
Kentucky
........................................
220
(
1.1)
40
(
1.8)
60
(
1.8)
16
(
1.1)
1
(
0.3)
9
(
0.9)
19
(
1.1)
8
(
0.7)
31
(
1.2)
Louisiana
........................................
209
(
1.1)
56
(
1.8)
44
(
1.8)
8
(
0.9)
0
(
0.2)
6
(
0.6)
19
(
1.1)
9
(
0.7)
35
(
1.4)

Maine
.............................................
232
(
1.0)
25
(
1.4)
75
(
1.4)
27
(
1.4)
3
(
0.6)
3
(
0.4)
13
(
0.9)
9
(
0.6)
39
(
1.8)
Maryland
........................................
221
(
1.6)
41
(
1.8)
59
(
1.8)
22
(
1.7)
3
(
0.7)
3
(
0.4)
13
(
0.9)
7
(
0.6)
45
(
1.6)
Massachusetts
...............................
229
(
1.4)
29
(
1.8)
71
(
1.8)
24
(
1.9)
2
(
0.5)
2
(
0.3)
10
(
0.7)
8
(
0.6)
48
(
1.9)
Michigan
.........................................
226
(
1.3)
32
(
1.8)
68
(
1.8)
23
(
1.5)
2
(
0.5)
4
(
0.5)
14
(
1.0)
8
(
0.7)
38
(
1.5)
Minnesota
......................................
232
(
1.1)
24
(
1.5)
76
(
1.5)
29
(
1.5)
3
(
0.5)
2
(
0.3)
11
(
0.8)
7
(
0.6)
42
(
1.5)

Mississippi
......................................
208
(
1.2)
58
(
1.9)
42
(
1.9)
8
(
0.9)
0
(
0.2)
7
(
0.6)
19
(
1.0)
7
(
0.5)
35
(
1.3)
Missouri
..........................................
225
(
1.1)
34
(
1.7)
66
(
1.7)
20
(
1.3)
1
(
0.3)
4
(
0.5)
16
(
0.9)
9
(
0.7)
36
(
1.6)
Montana
.........................................
228
(
1.2)
29
(
1.9)
71
(
1.9)
22
(
1.6)
1
(
0.4)
3
(
0.4)
11
(
0.8)
11
(
0.8)
40
(
1.5)
Nebraska
........................................
228
(
1.2)
30
(
1.6)
70
(
1.6)
24
(
1.4)
2
(
0.3)
3
(
0.4)
13
(
0.9)
9
(
0.7)
41
(
1.2)
Nevada
...........................................
218
(
1.3)
43
(
1.8)
57
(
1.8)
14
(
1.2)
1
(
0.3)
4
(
0.6)
12
(
0.7)
8
(
0.6)
34
(
1.2)

New
Jersey
....................................
227
(
1.5)
32
(
2.1)
68
(
2.1)
25
(
1.7)
3
(
0.7)
3
(
0.5)
12
(
1.1)
7
(
0.6)
46
(
2.0)
New
Mexico
...................................
214
(
1.8)
49
(
2.4)
51
(
2.4)
13
(
1.2)
1
(
0.3)
6
(
0.6)
15
(
0.8)
11
(
0.9)
35
(
1.3)
New
York
.......................................
223
(
1.2)
36
(
1.8)
64
(
1.8)
20
(
1.2)
2
(
0.4)
4
(
0.4)
10
(
0.8)
6
(
0.6)
43
(
1.6)
North
Carolina
................................
224
(
1.2)
36
(
1.6)
64
(
1.6)
21
(
1.3)
2
(
0.4)
5
(
0.6)
12
(
0.8)
7
(
0.6)
42
(
1.7)
North
Dakota
..................................
231
(
1.2)
25
(
1.9)
75
(
1.9)
24
(
1.3)
2
(
0.5)
2
(
0.3)
11
(
0.7)
8
(
0.8)
47
(
1.4)

Oregon
...........................................
223
(
1.4)
35
(
2.2)
65
(
2.2)
21
(
1.3)
2
(
0.5)
4
(
0.5)
11
(
0.8)
7
(
0.5)
38
(
1.5)
Pennsylvania
..................................
226
(
1.2)
32
(
1.8)
68
(
1.8)
20
(
1.5)
1
(
0.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rhode
Island
..................................
220
(
1.4)
39
(
2.0)
61
(
2.0)
17
(
1.3)
1
(
0.3)
5
(
0.4)
12
(
0.9)
7
(
0.5)
40
(
1.3)
South
Carolina
...............................
213
(
1.3)
52
(
2.0)
48
(
2.0)
12
(
1.3)
1
(
0.3)
5
(
0.5)
16
(
1.0)
7
(
0.8)
38
(
1.2)
Tennessee
.....................................
219
(
1.4)
42
(
2.0)
58
(
2.0)
17
(
1.5)
1
(
0.3)
6
(
0.6)
19
(
0.9)
8
(
0.6)
36
(
1.5)

Texas
.............................................
229
(
1.4)
31
(
1.9)
69
(
1.9)
25
(
1.5)
3
(
0.5)
6
(
0.5)
11
(
0.8)
7
(
0.5)
38
(
1.6)
Utah
...............................................
227
(
1.2)
31
(
1.6)
69
(
1.6)
23
(
1.3)
2
(
0.4)
2
(
0.3)
10
(
0.7)
8
(
0.6)
41
(
1.7)
Vermont
.........................................
225
(
1.2)
33
(
2.1)
67
(
2.1)
23
(
1.1)
3
(
0.5)
3
(
0.4)
12
(
0.9)
7
(
0.7)
44
(
1.4)
Virginia
...........................................
223
(
1.4)
38
(
2.2)
62
(
2.2)
19
(
1.5)
2
(
0.5)
5
(
0.7)
15
(
1.0)
7
(
0.7)
41
(
1.8)
Washington
....................................
225
(
1.2)
33
(
1.8)
67
(
1.8)
21
(
1.2)
1
(
0.2)
2
(
0.3)
9
(
0.7)
8
(
0.6)
38
(
1.5)

West
Virginia
..................................
223
(
1.0)
37
(
1.6)
63
(
1.6)
19
(
1.2)
2
(
0.5)
7
(
0.7)
21
(
0.9)
9
(
0.7)
35
(
1.4)
Wisconsin
.......................................
231
(
1.0)
26
(
1.2)
74
(
1.2)
27
(
1.3)
3
(
0.6)
2
(
0.5)
13
(
1.0)
8
(
0.8)
38
(
1.6)
Wyoming
........................................
223
(
1.4)
36
(
1.7)
64
(
1.7)
19
(
1.2)
1
(
0.3)
4
(
0.5)
12
(
0.7)
8
(
0.5)
38
(
1.2)

Outlying
area
Guam
.............................................
188
(
1.3)
77
(
1.4)
23
(
1.4)
3
(
0.5)
0
 
5
(
0.7)
14
(
1.0)
5
(
0.6)
36
(
1.4)

1
Achievement
levels
are
in
developmental
status.

2
Excludes
students
who
responded
``
I
don't
know''
to
the
question
about
educational
level
of
parents.

3
This
level
denotes
partial
mastery
of
prerequisite
knowledge
and
skills
that
are
fundamental
for
proficient
work
at
the
4th
grade.

4
This
level
represents
solid
academic
mastery
for
4th
graders.
Students
reaching
this
level
have
demnostrated
competency
over
challenging
subject
matter,
including
subjectmatter
knowledge,
application
of
such
knowledge
to
real­
world
situations,
and
analytical
skills
appropriate
to
the
subject
matter.

5
This
level
signifies
superior
performance.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
Forty­
seven
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
Guam
participated
in
the
1996
Trial
State
Assessment
of
4th
graders.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.
Results
are
not
shown
for
states
with
a
school
participation
rate
of
less
than
70
percent.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Mathematics
Report
Card
for
the
Nation
and
the
States,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
140
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
124.
 
Selected
characteristics
of
8th­
grade
students
in
public
schools,
by
region
and
state:
1992
1
Region
and
state
Math
units
required
for
graduation
Year
of
revision
of
state
guides
with
NCTM
standards
2
Length
of
school
year
Passing
test
in
math
required
for
graduation
in
1993
Percent
of
students
with
4
or
more
hours
of
math
instruction
each
week
Percent
of
students
reporting
1989
1992
Spending
30
minutes
or
more
on
math
homework
each
day
Spending
1
or
2
hours
on
all
homework
each
day
Spending
more
than
2
hours
on
all
homework
each
day
Positive
attitudes
towards
math
3
Both
parents
living
at
home
Watching
6
or
more
hours
of
television
each
day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
....................
 
 
 
 
 
32
64
59
8
59
75
13
Region
Northeast
..............................
 
 
 
 
 
35
59
62
8
56
75
14
Southeast
.............................
 
 
 
 
 
37
65
56
7
59
71
17
Central
..................................
 
 
 
 
 
24
63
65
6
63
79
11
West
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
30
68
56
10
56
75
12
State
Alabama
................................
2
1989
175
175
Yes
60
65
59
7
62
72
20
Alaska
....................................
2
Devel.,
1994
 
180
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Arizona
..................................
2
1992
175
175
No
34
65
56
5
54
76
9
Arkansas
...............................
3
1993
178
178
No
42
61
56
7
60
75
20
California
...............................
2
1991
180
180
No
43
67
63
10
56
74
10
Colorado
................................
(
4)
1994
180
(
5)
No
27
65
61
7
58
77
7
Connecticut
...........................
3
Devel.,
1995
180
180
No
21
61
70
9
59
79
11
Delaware
...............................
2
Devel.,
1994
180
180
No
30
57
62
5
63
73
17
District
of
Columbia
...............
3
1993
190
180
No
52
63
63
10
73
45
31
Florida
...................................
3
Devel.,
1994
180
180
Yes
40
62
57
7
61
71
15
Georgia
..................................
3
1992
180
180
Yes
56
65
59
7
66
71
18
Hawaii
....................................
3
Devel.,
1994
183
180
Yes
34
68
55
11
54
75
22
Idaho
.....................................
2
1994
180
180
No
28
63
57
5
56
83
7
Illinois
....................................
2
Devel.,
1994
180
180
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indiana
...................................
2
1991
180
180
No
32
62
60
6
61
78
9
Iowa
.......................................
(
4)
1987
180
180
No
20
61
63
4
63
83
7
Kansas
..................................
2
1991
 
180
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kentucky
................................
3
1993
175
175
No
47
61
54
6
57
78
13
Louisiana
...............................
3
Devel.,
1994
180
180
Yes
54
62
61
10
63
71
20
Maine
.....................................
2
Devel.,
1994
 
175
No
12
66
70
8
61
81
8
Maryland
................................
3
1985
180
180
Yes
45
60
65
7
61
73
17
Massachusetts
......................
(
4)
1994
 
180
No
28
67
70
9
57
77
8
Michigan
................................
3
Devel.,
1994
180
180
Yes
39
67
61
7
60
75
13
Minnesota
..............................
1
Devel.,
1994
175
175
No
41
64
59
5
57
85
5
Mississippi
.............................
2
1993
 
180
Yes
60
68
60
8
67
70
21
Missouri
.................................
2
1990
 
174
No
44
66
60
6
60
77
12
Montana
................................
2
Devel.,
1995
180
180
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nebraska
...............................
(
4)
Devel.,
1994
(
5)
(
5)
No
25
69
61
5
60
81
8
Nevada
..................................
2
1993
 
180
Yes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New
Hampshire
.....................
2
1993
180
180
No
38
62
68
9
58
81
7
New
Jersey
...........................
3
1993
180
180
Yes
28
62
68
10
62
78
13
New
Mexico
...........................
3
1992
180
180
Yes
26
65
56
7
56
75
11
New
York
...............................
2
Devel.,
1994
180
180
Yes
20
54
66
9
62
75
15
North
Carolina
.......................
2
1992
180
180
Yes
52
64
64
7
65
73
16
North
Dakota
.........................
2
1993
180
180
No
44
70
63
6
55
85
5
Ohio
.......................................
2
1990
182
182
Yes
26
62
62
6
62
74
12
Oklahoma
..............................
2
1993
175
175
No
37
69
59
7
58
78
11
Oregon
..................................
2
Devel.,
1994
175
(
5)
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania
.........................
3
none
180
180
No
24
58
63
4
59
79
9
Rhode
Island
.........................
2
Devel.,
1994
180
180
No
43
62
67
7
56
78
9
South
Carolina
......................
3
1993
 
180
Yes
59
61
61
7
70
73
17
South
Dakota
........................
2
Devel.,
1995
 
175
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tennessee
.............................
2
1991
 
180
Yes
60
67
62
6
58
73
14
Texas
.....................................
3
1991
175
175
Yes
38
67
57
8
61
75
12
Utah
.......................................
2
1993
 
180
No
28
62
56
5
55
85
5
Vermont
.................................
(
6)
Devel.,
1994
 
175
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virginia
..................................
2
1988
180
180
Yes
38
65
63
7
63
77
15
Washington
...........................
2
Devel.,
1994
 
180
No
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
West
Virginia
.........................
2
1992
180
180
Yes
40
57
55
5
58
78
13
Wisconsin
..............................
2
Devel.,
1995
180
180
No
32
59
61
5
59
80
8
Wyoming
...............................
(
4)
1990
175
175
No
24
60
55
5
58
81
8
Outlying
areas
Guam
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
28
68
47
12
50
79
20
Virgin
Islands
.........................
 
 
 
180
 
31
61
47
11
75
56
32
1
Data
are
for
1992
unless
otherwise
specified.
2
Standards
recommended
by
the
National
Council
of
Teachers
of
Mathematics.
3
Percent
of
students
agreeing
or
strongly
agreeing
with
positive
statements
about
mathematics.
4
Local
board
determines.
5
No
statewide
policy.
6
5
units
of
math
and
science
combined.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
The
State
of
Mathematics
Achievement,
by
Educational
Testing
Service;
and
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers,
State
Education
Indicators.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1994.)
141
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
125.
 
Mathematics
proficiency
of
17­
year­
olds,
by
highest
mathematics
course
taken,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity:
1978
to
1996
Year,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
Percent
of
students
Average
proficiency
by
highest
mathematics
course
taken
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
All
areas
Prealgebra
or
general
mathematics
Algebra
I
Geometry
Algebra
II
Precalculus
or
calculus
200
1
250
2
300
3
350
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1978
Total
................................................
100.0
300.4
267
286
307
321
334
99.8
92.0
51.5
7.3
Male
............................................
48.7
303.8
269
289
310
325
337
99.9
93.0
55.1
9.5
Female
........................................
51.3
297.1
265
284
304
318
329
99.7
91.0
48.2
5.2
White
..........................................
83.1
305.9
272
291
310
325
338
100.0
95.6
57.6
8.5
Black
...........................................
11.8
268.4
247
264
281
292
297
98.8
70.7
16.8
0.5
Hispanic
......................................
4.0
276.3
256
273
294
303
306
99.3
78.3
23.4
1.4
Other
5
.........................................
1.1
312.9
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
94.5
64.7
15.4
1990
Total
................................................
100.0
304.6
273
288
299
319
344
100.0
96.0
56.1
7.2
Male
............................................
48.6
306.3
274
291
302
323
347
99.9
95.8
57.6
8.8
Female
........................................
51.4
302.9
271
285
296
316
341
100.0
96.2
54.7
5.6
White
..........................................
73.3
309.5
277
292
304
323
347
100.0
97.6
63.2
8.3
Black
...........................................
15.6
288.5
264
278
285
302
329
99.9
92.4
32.8
2.0
Hispanic
......................................
6.9
283.5
259
278
286
306
323
99.6
85.8
30.1
1.9
Other
5
.........................................
4.2
312.5
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
97.9
61.6
15.9
1992
Total
................................................
100.0
306.7
271
289
302
320
343
100.0
96.6
59.1
7.2
Male
............................................
50.7
308.9
275
291
306
323
344
100.0
96.9
60.5
9.1
Female
........................................
49.3
304.5
267
287
297
317
341
100.0
96.3
57.7
5.2
White
..........................................
74.7
311.9
276
293
306
323
347
100.0
98.3
66.4
8.7
Black
...........................................
14.8
285.8
256
279
283
301
313
100.0
89.6
29.8
0.9
Hispanic
......................................
7.4
292.2
269
285
297
312
320
100.0
94.1
39.2
1.2
Other
5
.........................................
3.1
317.1
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
96.5
69.8
16.9
1994
Total
................................................
100.0
306.2
272
288
297
316
340
100.0
96.5
58.6
7.4
Male
............................................
49.5
308.5
274
289
301
320
343
100.0
97.3
60.2
9.3
Female
........................................
50.5
304.1
268
286
293
313
337
100.0
96.0
57.2
5.5
White
..........................................
72.5
312.3
275
292
301
320
344
100.0
98.4
67.0
9.4
Black
...........................................
15.5
285.5
 
275
283
297
 
100.0
90.6
29.8
0.4
Hispanic
......................................
8.8
290.8
 
 
 
304
 
100.0
91.8
38.3
1.4
Other
5
.........................................
3.2
312.7
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
97.0
66.4
12.1
1996
Total
................................................
100.0
307.2
269
283
298
316
339
100.0
96.8
60.4
7.4
Male
............................................
49.5
309.5
272
287
302
320
342
100.0
97.0
62.7
9.5
Female
........................................
50.5
304.9
265
278
294
313
335
100.0
96.7
57.6
5.3
White
..........................................
71.0
313.4
273
287
304
320
342
100.0
98.7
68.7
9.2
Black
...........................................
15.0
286.4
 
273
280
299
 
100.0
90.6
31.2
0.9
Hispanic
......................................
9.0
292.0
 
 
 
306
 
99.9
92.2
40.1
1.8
Other
5
.........................................
5.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
100.0
97.4
63.5
13.7
1
Indicates
ability
to
perform
simple
additive
reasoning
and
problem
solving.
2
Indicates
ability
to
perform
simple
multiplicative
reasoning
and
2­
step
problem
solving
3
Indicates
ability
to
perform
reasoning
and
problem
solving
involving
fractions,
decimals
percents,
elementary
geometry,
and
simple
algebra.
4
Indicates
ability
to
perform
reasoning
and
problem
solving
involving
geometry,
algebra
and
beginning
statistics
and
probability.
5
Includes
Asian/
Pacific
Islanders
and
American
Indians/
Alaskan
Natives.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
142
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
126.
 
Percent
of
students
at
or
above
selected
science
proficiency
levels,
1
by
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
control
of
school,
and
age:
1977
to
1996
Sex,
race/
ethnicity,
control,
and
year
9­
year­
olds
2
13­
year­
olds
3
17­
year­
olds
3
Know
everyday
science
facts
4
Understand
simple
scientific
principles
5
Apply
general
scientific
information
6
Analyze
scientific
procedures
and
data
7
Understand
simple
scientific
principles
5
Apply
general
scientific
information
6
Analyze
scientific
procedures
and
data
7
Integrate
specialized
scientific
information
8
Understand
simple
scientific
principles
5
Apply
general
scientific
information
6
Analyze
scientific
procedures
and
data
7
Integrate
specialized
scientific
information
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
1977
.................................
93.5
(
0.6)
68.0
(
1.1)
25.7
(
0.7)
3.2
(
0.3)
86.0
(
0.7)
48.8
(
1.1)
11.1
(
0.5)
0.7
(
0.1)
97.1
(
0.2)
81.6
(
0.7)
41.7
(
0.9)
8.5
(
0.4)
1982
.................................
95.2
(
0.7)
70.7
(
1.9)
24.3
(
1.8)
2.3
(
0.7)
89.8
(
0.8)
50.9
(
1.6)
9.6
(
0.7)
0.4
(
0.1)
95.7
(
0.5)
76.6
(
1.0)
37.3
(
0.9)
7.1
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
96.2
(
0.3)
72.0
(
1.1)
27.5
(
1.4)
3.0
(
0.5)
91.6
(
1.0)
52.5
(
1.6)
9.1
(
0.9)
0.2
(
0.1)
97.1
(
0.5)
80.7
(
1.3)
41.3
(
1.4)
7.9
(
0.7)
1990
.................................
97.0
(
0.3)
76.4
(
0.9)
31.1
(
0.8)
3.1
(
0.3)
92.3
(
0.7)
56.5
(
1.0)
11.2
(
0.6)
0.4
(
0.1)
96.7
(
0.3)
81.2
(
0.9)
43.3
(
1.3)
9.2
(
0.5)
1992
.................................
97.4
(
0.3)
78.0
(
1.2)
32.8
(
1.0)
3.4
(
0.3)
93.1
(
0.5)
61.3
(
1.1)
12.0
(
0.8)
0.2
(
0.1)
97.8
(
0.5)
83.3
(
1.2)
46.6
(
1.5)
10.1
(
0.7)
1994
.................................
97.2
(
0.4)
77.4
(
1.0)
33.7
(
1.2)
3.8
(
0.4)
92.4
(
0.6)
59.5
(
1.1)
11.8
(
0.9)
0.2
(
0.1)
97.1
(
0.7)
83.1
(
1.2)
47.5
(
1.3)
10.0
(
0.8)
1996
.................................
96.8
(
0.4)
76.1
(
1.2)
32.2
(
1.3)
4.4
(
0.4)
92.0
(
0.8)
57.6
(
1.1)
12.3
(
0.7)
0.4
(
0.2)
97.8
(
0.3)
83.8
(
0.9)
48.4
(
1.3)
10.8
(
1.0)

Male
1977
.................................
94.3
(
0.5)
69.5
(
1.2)
27.4
(
0.9)
3.7
(
0.3)
87.2
(
0.8)
52.3
(
1.3)
13.1
(
0.6)
0.9
(
0.2)
97.8
(
0.2)
85.2
(
0.7)
48.8
(
1.1)
11.8
(
0.6)
1982
.................................
95.0
(
1.0)
69.7
(
2.0)
25.6
(
2.6)
2.5
(
1.0)
91.9
(
0.8)
56.2
(
1.8)
12.6
(
1.1)
0.5
(
0.2)
96.8
(
0.5)
81.2
(
1.2)
45.2
(
1.2)
10.4
(
0.8)
1986
.................................
96.8
(
0.5)
74.1
(
1.4)
29.9
(
2.0)
3.8
(
0.6)
92.9
(
1.0)
57.3
(
2.1)
11.9
(
1.3)
0.3
(
0.2)
97.4
(
0.7)
82.4
(
1.4)
48.8
(
2.1)
11.4
(
1.3)
1990
.................................
96.8
(
0.5)
76.3
(
1.2)
33.1
(
1.1)
4.2
(
0.6)
92.7
(
0.8)
59.8
(
1.3)
14.0
(
0.9)
0.6
(
0.2)
96.8
(
0.5)
82.5
(
1.2)
48.2
(
1.6)
13.0
(
0.8)
1992
.................................
97.7
(
0.3)
80.4
(
1.4)
37.2
(
1.7)
4.6
(
0.6)
93.1
(
0.8)
62.9
(
1.4)
14.2
(
1.1)
0.3
(
0.1)
98.0
(
0.6)
85.0
(
1.4)
50.9
(
2.0)
13.6
(
1.0)
1994
.................................
97.1
(
0.4)
77.6
(
0.9)
35.3
(
1.4)
4.5
(
0.7)
92.2
(
0.8)
62.0
(
1.3)
14.8
(
1.1)
0.3
(
0.2)
97.1
(
0.6)
84.9
(
1.3)
52.9
(
1.8)
13.8
(
1.2)
1996
.................................
96.9
(
0.5)
76.8
(
1.8)
33.9
(
1.9)
5.2
(
0.7)
93.2
(
0.9)
61.7
(
1.4)
15.5
(
0.9)
0.7
(
0.2)
97.5
(
0.5)
83.8
(
1.1)
53.1
(
1.5)
14.2
(
1.4)

Female
1977
.................................
92.8
(
0.7)
66.5
(
1.1)
24.0
(
0.9)
2.6
(
0.3)
84.7
(
0.8)
45.4
(
1.2)
9.0
(
0.5)
0.4
(
0.1)
96.4
(
0.3)
78.0
(
1.0)
34.8
(
1.0)
5.3
(
0.4)
1982
.................................
95.5
(
1.2)
71.8
(
2.2)
23.0
(
2.0)
2.1
(
0.6)
87.9
(
1.0)
46.0
(
1.6)
6.9
(
0.7)
0.2
(
0.1)
94.6
(
0.8)
72.2
(
1.3)
29.9
(
1.2)
3.9
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
95.6
(
0.6)
70.0
(
1.3)
25.1
(
1.4)
2.2
(
0.5)
90.3
(
1.2)
47.7
(
1.7)
6.3
(
1.1)
0.1
(
0.1)
96.9
(
0.5)
79.1
(
1.7)
34.1
(
1.5)
4.5
(
0.8)
1990
.................................
97.1
(
0.4)
76.4
(
1.1)
29.1
(
1.0)
2.0
(
0.3)
92.0
(
0.8)
53.3
(
1.4)
8.5
(
0.6)
0.2
 
96.6
(
0.6)
79.9
(
1.4)
38.7
(
1.7)
5.5
(
0.5)
1992
.................................
97.1
(
0.5)
75.7
(
1.2)
28.6
(
1.1)
2.2
(
0.3)
93.1
(
0.7)
59.6
(
1.4)
9.9
(
0.8)
0.2
 
97.5
(
0.7)
81.6
(
1.4)
42.0
(
1.7)
6.6
(
1.0)
1994
.................................
97.3
(
0.5)
77.2
(
1.4)
32.2
(
1.5)
3.2
(
0.4)
92.6
(
0.6)
57.1
(
1.4)
8.8
(
1.0)
0.1
 
97.2
(
1.0)
81.6
(
1.6)
42.4
(
1.8)
6.4
(
0.6)
1996
.................................
96.6
(
0.6)
75.5
(
1.0)
30.7
(
1.9)
3.6
(
0.6)
90.9
(
1.2)
53.8
(
1.5)
9.2
(
0.8)
0.2
 
98.1
(
0.4)
83.7
(
1.1)
43.9
(
1.7)
7.4
(
1.0)

White,
non­
Hispanic
1977
.................................
97.7
(
0.3)
76.8
(
0.7)
30.8
(
0.7)
3.9
(
0.3)
92.2
(
0.5)
56.5
(
0.9)
13.4
(
0.5)
0.8
(
0.1)
99.2
(
0.1)
88.2
(
0.4)
47.5
(
0.7)
10.0
(
0.4)
1982
.................................
98.3
(
0.4)
78.4
(
2.0)
29.4
(
2.1)
2.9
(
0.9)
94.4
(
0.6)
58.3
(
1.4)
11.5
(
0.8)
0.4
(
0.1)
98.6
(
0.2)
84.9
(
0.9)
43.9
(
1.1)
8.6
(
0.6)
1986
.................................
98.2
(
0.3)
78.9
(
1.0)
32.7
(
1.5)
3.8
(
0.6)
96.1
(
0.8)
61.0
(
1.7)
11.3
(
1.2)
0.3
(
0.1)
98.8
(
0.3)
87.8
(
1.4)
48.7
(
1.7)
9.6
(
0.9)
1990
.................................
99.2
(
0.2)
84.4
(
0.7)
37.5
(
1.1)
3.9
(
0.4)
96.9
(
0.4)
66.5
(
1.2)
14.2
(
0.8)
0.5
(
0.1)
99.0
(
0.2)
89.6
(
0.8)
51.2
(
1.5)
11.4
(
0.7)
1992
.................................
99.2
(
0.1)
85.5
(
0.9)
39.4
(
1.1)
4.3
(
0.4)
97.9
(
0.4)
71.1
(
1.3)
15.0
(
1.0)
0.3
(
0.1)
99.3
(
0.3)
90.5
(
1.0)
55.4
(
1.7)
12.8
(
0.9)
1994
.................................
99.1
(
0.3)
85.6
(
1.0)
40.8
(
1.5)
4.9
(
0.6)
97.6
(
0.4)
70.5
(
1.1)
14.8
(
1.0)
0.3
(
0.1)
99.3
(
0.3)
91.5
(
0.9)
57.5
(
1.6)
13.2
(
1.1)
1996
.................................
98.6
(
0.3)
83.8
(
1.2)
39.6
(
1.5)
5.9
(
0.5)
97.0
(
0.5)
68.5
(
1.2)
15.9
(
0.8)
0.6
(
0.2)
99.3
(
0.3)
91.2
(
0.7)
58.5
(
1.6)
13.8
(
1.4)

Black,
non­
Hispanic
1977
.................................
72.4
(
1.8)
27.2
(
1.5)
3.5
(
0.6)
0.2
 
57.3
(
2.4)
14.9
(
1.7)
1.2
(
0.4)
0.0
 
83.6
(
1.3)
40.5
(
1.5)
7.7
(
1.0)
0.4
(
0.2)
1982
.................................
82.1
(
3.0)
38.9
(
2.7)
3.9
(
1.3)
0.1
 
68.6
(
2.4)
17.1
(
1.9)
0.8
(
0.3)
0.0
 
79.7
(
1.9)
35.0
(
2.1)
6.5
(
1.1)
0.2
(
0.2)
1986
.................................
88.6
(
1.4)
46.2
(
2.3)
8.3
(
1.5)
0.3
 
73.6
(
3.0)
19.6
(
2.8)
1.1
(
0.4)
0.0
 
90.9
(
2.1)
52.2
(
3.2)
12.5
(
2.2)
0.9
(
0.6)
1990
.................................
88.0
(
1.3)
46.4
(
3.1)
8.5
(
1.1)
0.1
 
77.6
(
3.6)
24.3
(
3.3)
1.5
(
0.5)
0.1
 
88.3
(
1.9)
51.4
(
3.7)
15.7
(
4.0)
1.5
(
0.8)
1992
.................................
90.7
(
1.8)
51.3
(
3.5)
9.2
(
1.4)
0.3
 
73.8
(
2.8)
26.2
(
2.8)
1.8
(
0.8)
0.0
 
92.1
(
1.8)
55.7
(
3.7)
14.1
(
2.5)
0.8
 
1994
.................................
91.0
(
1.5)
51.6
(
2.3)
11.1
(
1.4)
0.2
 
73.5
(
3.2)
22.4
(
4.3)
2.2
 
0.0
 
91.1
(
1.9)
58.1
(
3.7)
15.4
(
2.3)
0.5
(
0.3)
1996
.................................
91.0
(
1.6)
52.2
(
3.4)
10.6
(
2.0)
0.3
 
75.9
(
2.7)
25.5
(
2.2)
1.9
(
0.9)
0.0
 
93.0
(
1.2)
59.8
(
3.2)
17.7
(
2.7)
0.8
(
0.5)

Hispanic
1977
.................................
84.6
(
1.8)
42.0
(
3.1)
8.8
(
1.7)
0.3
 
62.2
(
2.4)
18.1
(
1.8)
1.8
(
0.8)
0.0
 
93.1
(
1.7)
61.5
(
1.7)
18.5
(
2.1)
1.8
(
0.6)
1982
.................................
85.1
(
3.1)
40.2
(
6.1)
4.2
(
2.7)
0.0
 
75.5
(
3.3)
24.1
(
5.1)
2.4
(
0.9)
0.0
 
86.9
(
2.9)
48.0
(
2.7)
11.1
(
2.0)
1.4
(
0.9)
1986
.................................
89.6
(
2.4)
50.1
(
3.7)
10.7
(
2.4)
0.2
 
76.7
(
3.2)
24.9
(
4.3)
1.5
(
0.7)
0.0
 
93.3
(
2.4)
60.0
(
7.2)
14.8
(
2.9)
1.1
(
0.7)
1990
.................................
93.6
(
1.5)
56.3
(
3.7)
11.6
(
2.1)
0.4
 
80.2
(
2.9)
30.0
(
2.8)
3.3
(
0.8)
0.1
 
91.9
(
2.2)
59.9
(
5.0)
21.1
(
3.3)
2.1
 
1992
.................................
92.4
(
1.7)
55.5
(
4.3)
11.7
(
1.8)
0.4
 
86.2
(
2.6)
36.5
(
2.9)
3.3
(
1.3)
0.0
 
94.6
(
2.6)
68.3
(
6.6)
23.0
(
3.8)
2.5
(
1.2)
1994
.................................
91.1
(
2.3)
49.9
(
3.1)
10.8
(
2.5)
0.7
(
0.5)
81.2
(
2.5)
31.6
(
3.3)
2.4
(
0.9)
0.0
 
89.9
(
3.3)
58.6
(
7.4)
21.7
(
4.1)
1.5
(
0.7)
1996
.................................
92.6
(
1.9)
57.8
(
3.1)
13.1
(
3.1)
0.4
 
81.0
(
2.8)
30.9
(
3.3)
3.2
(
1.0)
0.0
 
94.1
(
1.6)
67.6
(
4.5)
23.9
(
2.5)
3.0
(
1.4)

Public
1977
.................................
93.0
(
0.7)
66.4
(
1.3)
24.5
(
0.9)
2.9
(
0.3)
84.9
(
0.8)
46.7
(
1.2)
10.2
(
0.5)
0.6
(
0.1)
97.0
(
0.2)
80.8
(
0.7)
40.5
(
0.8)
8.1
(
0.4)
1982
.................................
94.9
(
0.8)
69.5
(
2.1)
23.9
(
2.1)
2.3
(
0.7)
89.2
(
0.9)
49.2
(
1.8)
8.9
(
0.8)
0.3
(
0.1)
95.4
(
0.6)
75.8
(
1.0)
36.6
(
0.9)
6.9
(
0.4)
1986
.................................
95.8
(
0.4)
70.5
(
1.3)
26.3
(
1.5)
2.8
(
0.6)
91.3
(
1.0)
51.9
(
1.7)
8.9
(
0.9)
0.2
(
0.1)
97.0
(
0.5)
80.1
(
1.4)
39.9
(
1.5)
7.2
(
0.7)
1990
.................................
96.7
(
0.4)
75.5
(
1.0)
30.3
(
0.8)
3.0
(
0.4)
91.6
(
0.8)
54.7
(
1.2)
10.7
(
0.7)
0.4
(
0.1)
96.5
(
0.4)
80.4
(
0.9)
42.0
(
1.3)
8.7
(
0.5)
1992
.................................
97.1
(
0.4)
76.7
(
1.3)
31.5
(
1.0)
3.2
(
0.3)
92.7
(
0.5)
60.2
(
1.2)
11.9
(
0.9)
0.3
(
0.1)
97.5
(
0.5)
82.0
(
1.2)
44.8
(
1.5)
9.6
(
0.8)
1994
.................................
96.9
(
0.4)
76.1
(
1.2)
32.5
(
1.4)
3.6
(
0.5)
91.9
(
0.6)
57.8
(
1.2)
11.3
(
0.9)
0.2
(
0.1)
96.8
(
0.7)
81.7
(
1.3)
45.3
(
1.1)
9.4
(
0.5)
1996
.................................
96.7
(
0.5)
75.3
(
1.3)
30.9
(
1.4)
4.1
(
0.3)
91.5
(
0.8)
56.0
(
1.3)
11.5
(
0.8)
0.4
(
0.2)
97.7
(
0.4)
83.2
(
1.0)
47.7
(
1.3)
10.5
(
1.0)

Private
1977
.................................
98.1
(
0.6)
80.3
(
1.7)
35.6
(
1.9)
5.1
(
1.1)
95.7
(
1.0)
68.8
(
2.6)
19.6
(
1.9)
1.6
(
0.3)
99.5
(
0.2)
92.9
(
1.2)
58.9
(
2.8)
14.8
(
1.9)
1982
.................................
98.9
 
82.6
(
3.5)
28.2
(
5.6)
2.1
(
1.2)
95.0
(
1.5)
65.8
(
4.1)
16.0
(
2.4)
0.8
(
0.5)
97.9
(
0.7)
83.5
(
2.8)
44.2
(
2.6)
8.5
(
2.3)
1986
.................................
98.2
(
0.7)
79.7
(
2.3)
33.8
(
2.8)
4.0
(
0.7)
97.3
(
1.8)
66.8
(
8.2)
12.8
(
3.6)
0.3
 
99.8
 
96.5
(
2.2)
74.6
(
10.9)
23.1
(
7.7)
1990
.................................
98.7
 
83.6
(
2.4)
37.2
(
3.0)
3.9
(
1.0)
98.4
(
0.8)
72.0
(
2.6)
16.2
(
1.5)
0.5
 
99.5
 
90.6
(
4.1)
59.8
(
6.7)
15.8
(
3.2)
1992
.................................
99.2
 
86.2
(
2.0)
40.6
(
3.4)
4.6
(
1.3)
96.4
(
1.1)
68.9
(
3.1)
13.2
(
2.0)
0.1
 
100.0
 
95.5
(
2.0)
63.1
(
5.3)
14.1
(
2.7)
1994
.................................
99.3
(
0.4)
87.1
(
2.4)
42.7
(
2.8)
5.6
(
1.0)
96.5
(
1.4)
72.7
(
3.2)
15.5
(
2.6)
0.1
 
99.3
(
0.4)
93.1
(
2.3)
62.7
(
5.2)
14.8
(
4.0)
1996
.................................
97.2
(
1.2)
81.6
(
3.2)
41.1
(
3.7)
6.5
(
2.2)
96.0
(
2.1)
70.6
(
5.4)
18.2
(
3.0)
1.0
 
99.0
 
90.1
(
3.0)
56.3
(
7.0)
13.0
(
3.1)

1
As
measured
by
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
2
Virtually
no
students
were
able
to
integrate
specialized
scientific
information.
3
Virtually
all
students
knew
everyday
science
facts.
Data
exclude
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.
4
Scale
score
of
150
or
above.
5
Scale
score
of
200
or
above.
6
Scale
score
of
250
or
above.
7
Scale
score
of
300
or
above.
8
Scale
score
of
350
or
above.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
143
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
127.
 
Average
proficiency
in
science
for
8th­
graders
in
public
schools,
by
selected
characteristics
and
state:
1996
State
Average
Race/
ethnicity
Sex
Parental
education
1
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Male
Female
Did
not
finish
high
school
Graduated
high
school
Some
education
after
high
school
Graduated
college
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
.....................
148
159
120
127
150
148
149
148
131
140
155
157
Alabama
..................................
139
151
117
107
(
2)
(
2)
138
139
130
129
145
147
Alaska
3
...................................
153
162
(
2)
137
152
129
155
150
(
2)
141
155
163
Arizona
....................................
145
157
124
129
(
2)
121
147
143
121
136
151
158
Arkansas
3
...............................
144
154
116
122
(
2)
(
2)
147
142
129
136
150
154
California
.................................
138
156
121
121
148
(
2)
140
136
118
129
144
153
Colorado
.................................
155
162
142
135
155
142
156
153
133
142
157
163
Connecticut
.............................
155
165
121
122
163
(
2)
156
155
129
140
155
167
Delaware
.................................
142
152
122
116
(
2)
(
2)
143
140
121
135
146
151
District
of
Columbia
................
113
(
2)
112
98
(
2)
(
2)
113
113
106
107
120
121
Florida
.....................................
142
155
119
129
(
2)
(
2)
144
140
127
132
148
150
Georgia
...................................
142
155
122
128
(
2)
(
2)
144
139
127
129
145
153
Hawaii
.....................................
135
146
128
121
138
(
2)
135
135
119
120
139
147
Indiana
....................................
153
158
125
139
(
2)
(
2)
154
152
139
144
156
162
Iowa
3
......................................
158
160
131
140
(
2)
(
2)
159
157
141
150
160
165
Kentucky
.................................
147
151
127
113
(
2)
(
2)
148
147
130
143
151
158
Louisiana
................................
132
148
113
104
(
2)
(
2)
136
129
123
128
141
136
Maine
......................................
163
164
(
2)
141
(
2)
(
2)
165
161
141
153
164
171
Maryland
3
...............................
145
160
124
121
161
(
2)
146
145
126
136
147
153
Massachusetts
........................
157
163
126
126
152
(
2)
159
154
134
145
156
166
Michigan
3
...............................
153
161
122
134
(
2)
(
2)
156
150
137
144
156
161
Minnesota
...............................
159
162
130
134
152
(
2)
161
157
137
151
161
165
Mississippi
..............................
133
149
119
105
(
2)
(
2)
134
132
125
126
142
138
Missouri
..................................
151
158
120
130
(
2)
(
2)
152
150
136
144
156
159
Montana
3
................................
162
166
(
2)
147
(
2)
139
164
160
139
155
164
168
Nebraska
................................
157
161
130
134
(
2)
(
2)
160
155
133
148
161
165
New
Mexico
............................
141
159
(
2)
130
(
2)
126
143
139
119
131
147
154
New
York
3
..............................
146
161
120
116
155
(
2)
148
143
123
138
147
157
North
Carolina
........................
147
157
126
123
(
2)
136
149
145
126
134
150
158
North
Dakota
..........................
162
164
(
2)
137
(
2)
137
163
161
148
157
160
167
Oregon
....................................
155
158
(
2)
133
157
142
157
153
137
143
157
164
Rhode
Island
..........................
149
155
130
118
142
(
2)
150
148
123
141
154
160
South
Carolina
3
......................
139
153
122
122
(
2)
(
2)
141
136
125
127
145
148
Tennessee
..............................
143
151
117
104
(
2)
(
2)
144
142
127
135
149
154
Texas
......................................
145
161
127
129
157
(
2)
147
143
128
137
152
157
Utah
........................................
156
159
(
2)
133
143
(
2)
159
154
129
147
156
162
Vermont
3
................................
157
159
(
2)
136
(
2)
(
2)
158
156
132
146
157
167
Virginia
....................................
149
158
126
132
165
(
2)
150
148
127
136
152
161
Washington
.............................
150
156
127
125
149
130
152
147
128
141
154
158
West
Virginia
..........................
147
149
127
122
(
2)
(
2)
148
147
130
142
152
156
Wisconsin
3
.............................
160
165
115
141
(
2)
(
2)
161
158
140
155
161
169
Wyoming
.................................
158
161
(
2)
140
(
2)
138
159
156
139
150
159
165
Department
of
Defense
Overseas
Schools
...............
155
164
140
146
156
(
2)
157
154
(
2)
144
159
158
Guam
......................................
120
138
(
2)
106
122
(
2)
120
120
106
113
130
128
1
Parents'
highest
level
of
education.
Data
not
shown
for
students
who
did
not
know
parents'
level
of
education.
2
Sample
size
is
insufficient
to
permit
a
reliable
estimate.
3
Did
not
satisfy
one
or
more
of
the
guidelines
for
school
sample
participation
rates.
Data
are
subject
to
appreciable
nonresponse
bias.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
The
NAEP
scores
have
been
evaluated
at
certain
performance
levels.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
300.
Excludes
states
not
participating
in
the
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Science
Report
Card
for
the
Nation
and
the
States,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
144
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
128.
 
Average
science
proficiency,
by
age
and
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1970
to
1996
Selected
characteristics
of
students
1970
1973
1977
1982
1986
1990
1992
1994
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9­
year­
olds
1
Total
..............................................................
225
(
1.2)
220
(
1.2)
220
(
1.2)
221
(
1.8)
224
(
1.2)
229
(
0.8)
231
(
1.0)
231
(
1.2)
230
(
1.2)

Male
..........................................................
228
(
1.3)
223
(
1.3)
222
(
1.3)
221
(
2.3)
227
(
1.4)
230
(
1.1)
235
(
1.2)
232
(
1.3)
231
(
1.7)
Female
.....................................................
223
(
1.2)
218
(
1.2)
218
(
1.2)
221
(
2.0)
221
(
1.4)
227
(
1.0)
227
(
1.0)
230
(
1.4)
228
(
1.5)
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
236
(
0.9)
231
(
0.9)
230
(
0.9)
229
(
1.9)
232
(
1.2)
238
(
0.8)
239
(
1.0)
240
(
1.3)
239
(
1.4)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
179
(
1.9)
177
(
1.9)
175
(
1.8)
187
(
3.0)
196
(
1.9)
196
(
2.0)
200
(
2.7)
201
(
1.7)
202
(
3.0)
Hispanic
....................................................
 
 
 
 
192
(
2.7)
189
(
4.2)
199
(
3.1)
206
(
2.2)
205
(
2.8)
201
(
2.7)
207
(
2.8)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
.........................
 
 
 
 
199
(
2.2)
198
(
6.0)
204
(
2.9)
210
(
2.7)
217
(
2.6)
211
(
3.4)
210
(
2.9)
Graduated
high
school
.............................
 
 
 
 
223
(
1.4)
218
(
3.3)
220
(
1.5)
226
(
1.7)
222
(
1.9)
225
(
1.4)
222
(
2.3)
Some
college
...........................................
 
 
 
 
237
(
1.5)
229
(
3.2)
236
(
2.6)
238
(
2.1)
237
(
2.4)
239
(
2.8)
242
(
2.9)
Graduated
college
....................................
 
 
 
 
232
(
1.4)
231
(
2.3)
235
(
1.4)
236
(
1.3)
239
(
1.2)
239
(
1.4)
240
(
1.6)
Type
of
school
Public
........................................................
 
 
 
 
218
(
1.4)
220
(
2.0)
223
(
1.4)
228
(
0.9)
229
(
1.0)
230
(
1.4)
228
(
1.3)
Private
......................................................
 
 
 
 
235
(
2.2)
232
(
3.2)
233
(
2.9)
237
(
2.4)
240
(
2.7)
242
(
2.8)
238
(
4.1)
Region
Northeast
..................................................
230
(
2.9)
222
(
2.9)
224
(
1.6)
222
(
2.9)
228
(
3.5)
231
(
2.4)
234
(
2.8)
235
(
2.5)
234
(
2.6)
Southeast
.................................................
206
(
1.6)
207
(
1.6)
205
(
2.9)
214
(
3.6)
219
(
3.1)
220
(
1.9)
223
(
1.7)
227
(
2.2)
224
(
3.4)
Central
......................................................
233
(
3.0)
228
(
3.0)
225
(
2.2)
226
(
3.5)
228
(
2.2)
234
(
1.7)
238
(
1.8)
236
(
2.7)
234
(
2.4)
West
.........................................................
226
(
2.2)
221
(
2.2)
221
(
2.2)
220
(
4.1)
222
(
3.2)
230
(
1.8)
227
(
2.2)
226
(
2.7)
228
(
1.9)

13­
year­
olds
1
Total
..............................................................
255
(
1.1)
250
(
1.1)
247
(
1.1)
250
(
1.3)
251
(
1.4)
255
(
0.9)
258
(
0.8)
257
(
1.0)
256
(
1.0)

Male
..........................................................
257
(
1.3)
252
(
1.3)
251
(
1.3)
256
(
1.5)
256
(
1.6)
259
(
1.1)
260
(
1.2)
259
(
1.2)
260
(
1.0)
Female
.....................................................
253
(
1.2)
247
(
1.2)
244
(
1.2)
245
(
1.3)
247
(
1.5)
252
(
1.1)
256
(
1.0)
254
(
1.2)
252
(
1.3)
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
263
(
0.8)
259
(
0.8)
256
(
0.8)
257
(
1.1)
259
(
1.4)
264
(
0.9)
267
(
1.0)
267
(
1.0)
266
(
1.1)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
215
(
2.4)
205
(
2.4)
208
(
2.4)
217
(
1.3)
222
(
2.5)
226
(
3.1)
224
(
2.7)
224
(
4.2)
226
(
2.1)
Hispanic
....................................................
 
 
 
 
213
(
1.9)
226
(
3.9)
226
(
3.1)
232
(
2.6)
238
(
2.6)
232
(
2.4)
232
(
2.5)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
.........................
 
 
 
 
224
(
1.3)
225
(
1.9)
229
(
2.7)
233
(
2.1)
234
(
2.9)
234
(
2.5)
230
(
3.1)
Graduated
high
school
.............................
 
 
 
 
245
(
1.1)
243
(
1.3)
245
(
1.4)
247
(
1.3)
246
(
1.4)
247
(
1.2)
248
(
1.7)
Some
college
...........................................
 
 
 
 
260
(
1.3)
259
(
1.5)
258
(
1.4)
263
(
1.2)
266
(
1.1)
260
(
2.0)
261
(
1.4)
Graduated
college
....................................
 
 
 
 
266
(
1.0)
264
(
1.5)
264
(
1.9)
268
(
1.1)
269
(
1.0)
269
(
1.3)
266
(
1.2)
Type
of
school
Public
........................................................
 
 
 
 
245
(
1.2)
249
(
1.4)
251
(
1.4)
254
(
1.1)
257
(
1.0)
255
(
1.1)
254
(
1.1)
Private
......................................................
 
 
 
 
268
(
2.1)
264
(
3.2)
263
(
6.4)
269
(
1.8)
265
(
2.4)
268
(
2.6)
268
(
5.0)
Region
Northeast
..................................................
261
(
2.2)
256
(
2.2)
255
(
2.3)
254
(
2.1)
258
(
3.1)
257
(
2.7)
257
(
2.2)
263
(
1.7)
255
(
3.0)
Southeast
.................................................
239
(
2.4)
237
(
2.4)
235
(
1.8)
239
(
2.3)
247
(
2.2)
251
(
1.9)
254
(
2.8)
253
(
2.6)
251
(
2.7)
Central
......................................................
262
(
1.8)
256
(
1.8)
254
(
1.8)
254
(
2.6)
249
(
5.3)
260
(
2.8)
263
(
2.1)
261
(
3.5)
266
(
1.8)
West
.........................................................
255
(
1.8)
248
(
1.8)
243
(
2.3)
252
(
2.8)
252
(
2.7)
253
(
2.1)
258
(
1.6)
252
(
2.1)
254
(
1.8)

17­
year­
olds
1
Total
..............................................................
305
(
1.0)
296
(
1.0)
290
(
1.0)
283
(
1.2)
289
(
1.4)
290
(
1.1)
294
(
1.3)
294
(
1.6)
296
(
1.2)

Male
..........................................................
314
(
1.2)
304
(
1.2)
297
(
1.2)
292
(
1.4)
295
(
1.9)
296
(
1.3)
299
(
1.7)
300
(
2.0)
300
(
1.6)
Female
.....................................................
297
(
1.1)
288
(
1.1)
282
(
1.1)
275
(
1.3)
282
(
1.5)
285
(
1.6)
289
(
1.5)
289
(
1.7)
292
(
1.4)
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
312
(
0.8)
304
(
0.8)
298
(
0.7)
293
(
1.0)
298
(
1.7)
301
(
1.1)
304
(
1.3)
306
(
1.5)
307
(
1.2)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
258
(
1.5)
250
(
1.5)
240
(
1.5)
235
(
1.7)
253
(
2.9)
253
(
4.5)
256
(
3.2)
257
(
3.1)
260
(
2.4)
Hispanic
....................................................
 
 
 
 
262
(
2.2)
249
(
2.3)
259
(
3.8)
262
(
4.4)
270
(
5.6)
261
(
6.7)
269
(
3.3)
Parental
education
Not
high
school
graduate
.........................
 
 
 
 
265
(
1.3)
259
(
2.4)
258
(
3.1)
261
(
2.8)
262
(
3.8)
256
(
4.2)
259
(
4.0)
Graduated
high
school
.............................
 
 
 
 
284
(
0.8)
275
(
1.6)
277
(
2.0)
276
(
1.4)
280
(
2.4)
279
(
1.7)
282
(
2.5)
Some
college
...........................................
 
 
 
 
296
(
1.1)
290
(
1.7)
295
(
2.5)
297
(
1.6)
296
(
1.7)
295
(
1.9)
297
(
1.9)
Graduated
college
....................................
 
 
 
 
309
(
1.0)
300
(
1.7)
304
(
2.1)
306
(
1.7)
308
(
1.3)
311
(
1.6)
308
(
1.5)
Type
of
school
Public
........................................................
 
 
 
 
288
(
1.0)
282
(
1.1)
287
(
1.6)
289
(
1.1)
292
(
1.3)
292
(
1.5)
295
(
1.2)
Private
......................................................
 
 
 
 
308
(
2.4)
292
(
2.9)
321
(
10.1)
308
(
6.6)
312
(
3.7)
310
(
4.8)
304
(
5.5)
Region
Northeast
..................................................
308
(
2.5)
298
(
2.5)
296
(
2.2)
284
(
2.0)
292
(
4.3)
293
(
3.2)
300
(
2.4)
299
(
4.2)
296
(
3.3)
Southeast
.................................................
287
(
2.3)
283
(
2.3)
276
(
1.9)
276
(
2.7)
284
(
2.0)
284
(
2.4)
283
(
2.5)
288
(
2.8)
288
(
3.1)
Central
......................................................
308
(
1.9)
300
(
1.9)
294
(
1.5)
289
(
2.6)
294
(
2.3)
300
(
3.0)
304
(
2.7)
298
(
3.7)
307
(
2.6)
West
.........................................................
308
(
1.7)
295
(
1.7)
287
(
1.5)
281
(
2.7)
283
(
3.8)
286
(
2.3)
290
(
3.8)
292
(
4.1)
292
(
2.4)

1
Excludes
persons
not
enrolled
in
school.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
These
test
scores
are
from
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP).
Performers
at
the
150
level
know
some
general
scientific
facts
of
the
type
that
could
be
learned
from
everyday
experiences.
Performers
at
the
200
level
are
developing
some
understanding
of
simple
scientific
principles,
particularly
in
the
life
sciences.
Performers
at
the
250
level
can
interpret
data
from
simple
tables
and
make
inferences
about
the
outcomes
of
experimental
procedures.
They
exhibit
knowledge
and
understanding
of
the
life
sciences
and
also
demonstrate
some
knowledge
of
basic
information
from
the
physical
sciences.
Performers
at
the
300
level
can
evaluate
the
appropriateness
of
the
design
of
an
experiment
and
have
the
skill
to
apply
their
scientific
knowledge
in
interpreting
information
from
text
and
graphs.
These
students
also
exhibit
a
growing
understanding
of
principles
from
the
physical
sciences.
Performers
at
the
350
level
can
infer
relationships
and
draw
conclusions
using
detailed
scientific
knowledge
from
the
physical
sciences,
particularly
chemistry.
They
also
can
apply
basic
principles
of
genetics
and
interpret
the
societal
implications
of
research
in
this
field.
Scale
ranges
from
0
to
500.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
NAEP
1996
Trends
in
Academic
Progress
(
addendum),
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
145
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
129.
 
Twelfth
graders'
achievement
on
history,
mathematics,
reading,
and
science
tests:
1992
Achievement
test
Total
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
1
Control
of
school
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Low
Middle
High
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Twelfth
graders'
achievement,
standardized
score
2
History
........................................................................
51.2
51.9
50.5
52.5
45.9
47.4
52.1
44.5
45.8
50.5
55.9
50.8
55.1
54.9
Mathematics
..............................................................
51.4
51.8
51.0
52.9
44.8
47.3
54.3
45.2
45.5
50.6
56.7
50.9
55.1
56.1
Reading
.....................................................................
51.0
49.9
52.2
52.4
45.5
47.2
51.4
45.2
45.9
50.4
55.5
50.6
54.7
55.0
Science
......................................................................
51.1
52.4
49.7
52.9
43.3
46.5
51.8
44.8
45.4
50.5
55.9
50.7
53.9
55.0
Distribution
of
twelfth
graders'
achievement,
by
score
quartile
3
History
........................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lower
quartile
.......................................................
20.2
19.6
20.9
15.5
39.6
32.4
16.8
41.1
37.6
20.5
7.9
21.4
7.1
13.8
Lower
middle
quartile
...........................................
24.6
21.5
27.9
23.4
28.1
28.9
25.6
32.5
30.9
26.9
16.5
25.2
21.0
17.2
Upper
middle
quartile
...........................................
26.9
26.3
27.4
28.4
21.5
23.5
25.5
13.6
21.1
27.7
29.2
26.8
31.2
22.1
Upper
quartile
.......................................................
28.3
32.5
23.8
32.7
10.8
15.3
32.2
12.7
10.3
24.8
46.5
26.6
40.7
46.9
Mathematics
..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lower
quartile
.......................................................
19.7
20.1
19.2
14.8
41.2
31.6
11.9
42.8
37.0
20.4
6.5
20.9
8.2
7.6
Lower
middle
quartile
...........................................
24.2
22.4
26.0
22.5
30.0
30.6
21.1
29.8
32.4
26.3
15.2
24.9
17.0
17.3
Upper
middle
quartile
...........................................
27.6
26.9
28.4
29.5
20.3
22.9
28.4
18.5
22.4
29.3
28.4
27.2
34.3
28.5
Upper
quartile
.......................................................
28.5
30.6
26.3
33.2
8.5
14.9
38.7
8.9
8.3
23.9
50.0
27.0
40.5
46.6
Reading
.....................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lower
quartile
.......................................................
21.1
25.6
16.4
16.6
38.2
31.6
23.2
41.2
36.3
21.6
9.8
22.3
8.1
14.0
Lower
middle
quartile
...........................................
24.6
24.5
24.7
22.6
31.3
32.9
20.0
31.1
32.4
26.8
15.8
25.5
18.1
13.6
Upper
middle
quartile
...........................................
26.4
25.0
27.9
28.3
20.7
21.2
24.9
15.5
20.8
27.4
28.6
25.8
36.3
25.2
Upper
quartile
.......................................................
27.8
24.9
30.9
32.5
9.8
14.3
31.9
12.2
10.5
24.3
45.9
26.4
37.5
47.2
Science
......................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lower
quartile
.......................................................
20.9
18.2
23.6
14.0
52.6
34.3
17.7
37.6
39.0
20.9
8.4
21.9
11.7
10.5
Lower
middle
quartile
...........................................
24.5
21.1
28.1
23.0
25.2
33.8
25.2
35.8
31.9
26.8
16.0
25.0
22.0
17.4
Upper
middle
quartile
...........................................
26.3
27.1
25.5
29.0
16.0
18.9
26.5
20.9
19.8
28.3
27.4
26.3
27.3
26.1
Upper
quartile
.......................................................
28.3
33.6
22.7
33.9
6.2
13.1
30.5
5.7
9.3
24.1
48.3
26.8
39.0
46.0
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
``
Middle''
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
High''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.

2
In
the
full
data
file,
the
standardized
scores
have
a
mean
of
50
and
a
standard
deviation
of
10.
Because
dropouts
and
students
who
were
retained
in
grades
between
8
and
11
were
excluded
from
this
tabulation,
the
scores
are
slightly
higher.
3
In
the
full
data
file,
twenty­
five
percent
of
all
students
fall
into
each
one
of
the
quartile
groupings.
Because
dropouts
and
students
who
were
retained
in
grades
between
8
and
11
were
excluded
from
this
tabulation,
the
scores
are
slightly
higher.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,
Second
Followup''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1995.)

Table
130.
 
Performance
of
8th­
grade
students
in
music,
theatre,
and
visual
arts,
by
selected
characteristics
of
students:
1997
Selected
characteristics
of
students
Music
Visual
arts
Theatre
Average
creating
score
(
0
to
100
percent)
Average
performing
score
(
0
to
100
percent)
Average
responding
scale
score
(
0
 
300)
Average
creating
score
(
0
to
100
percent)
Average
responding
scale
score
(
0
 
300)
Average
creating/
performing
(
0
to
100
percent)
Average
responding
scale
score
(
0
 
300)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
All
students
.......................................
34
(
1.1)
34
(
1.2)
150
(
1.3)
43
(
0.7)
150
(
1.1)
49
(
2.0)
150
(
5.7)

Sex
Male
................................................
32
(
1.0)
27
(
1.4)
140
(
1.5)
42
(
0.7)
146
(
1.5)
46
(
2.2)
140
(
6.6)
Female
...........................................
37
(
1.6)
40
(
1.5)
160
(
1.6)
45
(
0.9)
154
(
1.4)
52
(
2.1)
158
(
5.6)

Race/
ethnicity
White
..............................................
36
(
1.2)
36
(
1.4)
158
(
1.4)
46
(
0.9)
159
(
1.3)
52
(
1.9)
159
(
4.4)
Black
...............................................
34
(
3.6)
30
(
1.9)
130
(
2.3)
37
(
1.8)
124
(
2.0)
39
(
2.2)
120
(
10.1)
Hispanic
..........................................
29
(
2.7)
24
(
3.7)
127
(
3.5)
38
(
1.3)
128
(
2.0)
44
(
2.5)
139
(
6.2)
Asian
..............................................
31
(
3.8)
 
 
152
(
6.2)
45
(
1.6)
153
(
6.4)
 
 
 
 
Parents'
level
of
education
Not
high
school
graduate
...............
24
(
2.5)
21
(
2.4)
129
(
3.5)
36
(
1.4)
125
(
2.4)
42
(
2.1)
131
(
4.4)
Graduated
high
school
...................
29
(
2.0)
29
(
2.4)
139
(
1.3)
41
(
1.1)
138
(
1.8)
42
(
1.9)
130
(
8.5)
Some
college
.................................
35
(
1.3)
34
(
2.4)
150
(
1.8)
44
(
0.8)
153
(
1.8)
49
(
1.8)
153
(
5.1)
Graduated
college
..........................
39
(
1.3)
39
(
1.5)
159
(
1.7)
46
(
0.7)
158
(
1.4)
52
(
2.2)
157
(
5.6)

Region
Northeast
........................................
39
(
2.0)
34
(
2.6)
153
(
4.0)
45
(
1.5)
152
(
4.0)
 
 
 
 
Southeast
.......................................
30
(
2.7)
33
(
2.4)
139
(
2.7)
42
(
1.0)
143
(
3.3)
 
 
 
 
Central
............................................
36
(
1.4)
33
(
2.1)
157
(
3.0)
45
(
1.8)
157
(
3.5)
 
 
 
 
West
...............................................
33
(
2.3)
35
(
2.9)
152
(
3.0)
43
(
1.3)
149
(
2.6)
51
(
2.1)
157
(
5.3)

 
Sample
size
insufficient
to
permit
a
reliable
estimate.

NOTE.
 
Creating
refers
to
expressing
ideas
and
feelings
in
the
form
of
an
original
work
of
art,
for
example,
a
dance,
a
piece
of
music,
a
dramatic
improvisation,
or
a
sculpture
Performing
refers
to
performing
an
existing
work,
a
process
that
calls
upon
the
interpretive
or
re­
creative
skills
of
the
student.
Responding
refers
to
observing,
describing,
analyzing,
and
evaluating
works
of
art.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
The
NAEP
1997
Arts
Report
Card.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
146
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
131.
 
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
1
score
averages,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1987,
1996,
and
1997
Racial/
ethnic
background
1987
1996
1997
Percent
change,
1987
to
1997
Percent
change,
1996
to
1997
1
2
3
4
5
6
SAT­
Verbal
All
students
.................................................................................................................
507
505
505
 
2
0
White
................................................................................................................................
524
526
526
2
0
Black
.................................................................................................................................
428
434
434
6
0
Hispanic
or
Latino
............................................................................................................
464
465
466
2
1
Mexican
American
............................................................................................................
457
455
451
 
6
 
4
Puerto
Rican
.....................................................................................................................
436
452
454
18
2
Asian
American
................................................................................................................
479
496
496
17
0
American
Indian
...............................................................................................................
471
483
475
4
 
8
Other
.................................................................................................................................
480
511
512
32
1
SAT­
Mathematical
All
students
.................................................................................................................
501
508
511
10
3
White
................................................................................................................................
514
523
526
12
3
Black
.................................................................................................................................
411
422
423
12
1
Hispanic
or
Latino
............................................................................................................
462
466
468
6
2
Mexican
American
............................................................................................................
455
459
458
3
 
1
Puerto
Rican
.....................................................................................................................
432
445
447
15
2
Asian
American
................................................................................................................
541
558
560
19
2
American
Indian
...............................................................................................................
463
477
475
12
 
2
Other
.................................................................................................................................
482
512
514
32
2
1
Formerly
known
as
the
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test.

NOTE.
 
Possible
scores
on
each
part
of
the
SAT
range
from
200
to
800.
SOURCE:
College
Entrance
Examination
Board,
National
Report
on
College­
Bound
Seniors,
1997.
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1997
by
the
College
Entrance
Examination
Board.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
132.
 
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
1
score
averages
for
college­
bound
high
school
seniors,
by
sex:
1966
 
67
to
1997
 
98
School
year
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
I
(
recentered
scale)
2
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test
(
old
scale)

Verbal
score
Mathematical
score
Verbal
score
Mathematical
score
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1966
 
67
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
466
463
468
492
514
467
1967
 
68
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
466
464
466
492
512
470
1968
 
69
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
463
459
466
493
513
470
1969
 
70
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
460
459
461
488
509
465
1970
 
71
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
455
454
457
488
507
466
1971
 
72
.........
530
531
529
509
527
489
453
454
452
484
505
461
1972
 
73
.........
523
523
521
506
525
489
445
446
443
481
502
460
1973
 
74
.........
521
524
520
505
524
488
444
447
442
480
501
459
1974
 
75
.........
512
515
509
498
518
479
434
437
431
472
495
449
1975
 
76
.........
509
511
508
497
520
475
431
433
430
472
497
446
1976
 
77
.........
507
509
505
496
520
474
429
431
427
470
497
445
1977
 
78
.........
507
511
503
494
517
474
429
433
425
468
494
444
1978
 
79
.........
505
509
501
493
516
473
427
431
423
467
493
443
1979
 
80
.........
502
506
498
492
515
473
424
428
420
466
491
443
1980
 
81
.........
502
508
496
492
516
473
424
430
418
466
492
443
1981
 
82
.........
504
509
499
493
516
473
426
431
421
467
493
443
1982
 
83
.........
503
508
498
494
516
474
425
430
420
468
493
445
1983
 
84
.........
504
511
498
497
518
478
426
433
420
471
495
449
1984
 
85
.........
509
514
503
500
522
480
431
437
425
475
499
452
1985
 
86
.........
509
515
504
500
523
479
431
437
426
475
501
451
1986
 
87
.........
507
512
502
501
523
481
430
435
425
476
500
453
1987
 
88
.........
505
512
499
501
521
483
428
435
422
476
498
455
1988
 
89
.........
504
510
498
502
523
482
427
434
421
476
500
454
1989
 
90
.........
500
505
496
501
521
483
424
429
419
476
499
455
1990
 
91
.........
499
503
495
500
520
482
422
426
418
474
497
453
1991
 
92
.........
500
504
496
501
521
484
423
428
419
476
499
456
1992
 
93
.........
500
504
497
503
524
484
424
428
420
478
502
457
1993
 
94
.........
499
501
497
504
523
487
423
425
421
479
501
460
1994
 
95
.........
504
505
502
506
525
490
428
429
426
482
503
463
1995
 
96
.........
505
507
503
508
527
492
 
 
 
 
 
 
1996
 
97
.........
505
507
503
511
530
494
 
 
 
 
 
 
1997
 
98
.........
505
509
502
512
531
496
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Formerly
known
as
the
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test.

2
Data
for
1972
to
1986
were
converted
to
the
recentered
scale
by
using
a
formula
applied
to
the
original
mean
and
standard
deviation.
For
1987
to
1995,
individual
student
scores
were
converted
to
the
recentered
scale
and
recomputed.
For
1996
and
1997,
most
students
received
scores
on
the
recentered
scale
score.
Any
score
on
the
original
scale
was
converted
to
the
recentered
scale
prior
to
recomputing
the
mean.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Possible
scores
on
each
part
of
the
SAT
range
from
200
to
800.
Data
for
the
years
1966
 
67
through
1970
 
71
are
estimates
derived
from
the
test
scores
of
all
participants.

SOURCE:
College
Entrance
Examination
Board,
National
Report
on
College­
Bound
Seniors,
various
years.
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1997
by
the
College
Entrance
Examination
Board.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
147
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
133.
 
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
1
score
averages,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1996
and
1997
Selected
characteristics
1996
1997
Verbal
score
Mathematics
score
Percent
distribution
Verbal
score
Mathematics
score
Percent
distribution
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
All
students
................................................
505
508
100
505
511
100
High
school
rank
Top
tenth
....................................................
591
606
22
589
606
22
Second
tenth
..............................................
530
539
22
529
541
23
Second
fifth
................................................
494
496
28
494
498
27
Third
fifth
....................................................
455
448
24
455
451
23
Fourth
fifth
..................................................
429
418
4
428
420
4
Lowest
fifth
.................................................
411
401
1
411
404
1
High
school
grade
point
average
A+
(
97
 
100)
................................................
617
632
6
613
630
6
A
(
93
 
96)
....................................................
573
583
14
570
583
15
A­
(
90
 
92)
..................................................
545
554
15
542
553
16
B
(
80
 
89)
....................................................
486
485
49
485
486
49
C
(
70
 
79)
...................................................
432
426
15
432
428
14
D,
E,
or
F
....................................................
414
408
0
411
409
0
Intended
college
major
Agriculture
natural
resources
.....................
491
484
2
492
486
2
Architecture
environmental
design
.............
492
519
3
492
523
2
Arts:
visual/
performing
................................
520
497
6
522
501
7
Biological
sciences
.....................................
546
545
6
545
546
6
Business
and
commerce
............................
483
500
13
482
504
13
Communications
.........................................
527
497
4
523
498
4
Computer
or
information
sciences
.............
497
522
3
498
526
4
Education
....................................................
487
477
8
485
479
9
Engineering
................................................
525
569
8
523
570
8
Foreign
classical
language
.........................
556
534
 
554
535
0
General
interdisciplinary
.............................
576
553
 
567
548
0
Health
or
allied
services
.............................
500
505
19
499
507
19
Home
economics
........................................
458
452
 
459
456
0
Language
and
literature
.............................
605
545
1
609
546
1
Library/
archival
sciences
............................
554
512
 
561
522
0
Mathematics
...............................................
552
628
1
549
623
1
Military
sciences
.........................................
503
505
 
505
507
0
Philosophy/
religion/
theology
.......................
560
536
 
558
538
1
Physical
sciences
.......................................
575
595
1
572
593
1
Public
affairs/
services
.................................
458
448
3
457
450
3
Social
sciences/
history
...............................
532
509
11
531
510
11
Technical/
vocational
...................................
435
441
1
437
447
1
Undecided
..................................................
500
507
7
504
514
7
Degree­
level
goal
Certificate
...................................................
434
439
1
435
444
1
Associate
degree
........................................
422
415
2
422
418
2
Bachelor's
degree
......................................
476
476
23
475
478
23
Master's
degree
..........................................
514
518
29
513
520
30
Doctoral
or
related
degree
.........................
548
552
24
547
552
24
Other
...........................................................
430
438
1
432
444
1
Undecided
..................................................
502
503
20
504
508
20
Family
income
Less
than
$
10,000
......................................
429
444
4
428
445
5
$
10,000
to
$
20,000
....................................
456
464
8
454
464
9
$
20,000
to
$
30,000
.....................................
482
482
10
480
482
12
$
30,000
to
$
40,000
.....................................
497
495
12
496
497
14
$
40,000
to
$
50,000
....................................
509
507
10
507
508
12
$
50,000
to
$
60,000
....................................
517
517
9
515
518
11
$
60,000
to
$
70,000
....................................
524
525
7
522
526
9
$
70,000
to
$
80,000
....................................
531
533
6
529
533
7
$
80,000
to
$
100,000
..................................
541
544
7
540
544
9
More
than
$
100,000
...................................
560
569
9
559
571
12
Highest
level
of
parental
education
Less
than
high
school
................................
414
439
4
412
441
4
High
school
diploma
...................................
475
474
31
474
476
34
Associate
degree
........................................
489
487
7
488
489
8
Bachelor's
degree
......................................
525
529
25
524
530
28
Graduate
degree
........................................
556
558
23
556
560
25
1
Fomerly
known
as
the
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Possible
scores
on
each
part
of
the
SAT
range
from
200
to
800.
SOURCE:
College
Entrance
Examination
Board,
National
Report
on
College
Bound
Seniors,
various
years.
(
Copyright
Ó
 
1997
by
the
College
Entrance
Examination
Board.
All
rights
reserved).
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998).
148
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
134.
 
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
1
score
averages,
by
state:
1987
to
1997
State
1987
1994
1995
1996
1997
Percentage
of
graduates
taking
SAT,
1997
2
Verbal
Mathematical
Verbal
Mathematical
Verbal
Mathematical
Verbal
Mathematical
Verbal
Mathematical
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
................................................................
507
501
499
504
504
506
505
508
505
511
42
Alabama
............................................................................
553
535
556
547
565
555
565
558
561
555
8
Alaska
................................................................................
521
504
510
502
521
513
521
513
520
517
48
Arizona
..............................................................................
539
526
519
519
524
520
525
521
523
522
29
Arkansas
...........................................................................
556
540
552
537
556
542
566
550
567
558
6
California
...........................................................................
500
507
489
506
492
509
495
511
496
514
45
Colorado
............................................................................
542
535
532
534
538
538
536
538
536
539
30
Connecticut
.......................................................................
515
499
502
497
507
502
507
504
509
507
79
Delaware
...........................................................................
517
496
505
491
505
494
508
495
505
498
65
District
of
Columbia
...........................................................
482
462
479
468
485
471
489
473
490
475
60
Florida
...............................................................................
501
497
490
492
497
496
498
496
499
499
50
Georgia
..............................................................................
478
470
474
474
483
477
484
477
486
481
63
Hawaii
................................................................................
481
502
477
504
483
507
485
510
483
512
54
Idaho
.................................................................................
548
524
537
529
544
532
543
536
544
539
15
Illinois
................................................................................
539
540
553
562
563
574
564
575
562
578
14
Indiana
...............................................................................
492
487
488
493
492
494
494
494
494
497
57
Iowa
...................................................................................
588
586
580
586
589
595
590
600
589
601
5
Kansas
..............................................................................
572
562
568
565
576
571
579
571
578
575
9
Kentucky
............................................................................
554
538
549
543
552
542
549
544
548
546
12
Louisiana
...........................................................................
548
530
556
549
560
552
559
550
560
553
10
Maine
.................................................................................
510
493
497
490
504
497
504
498
507
504
67
Maryland
............................................................................
513
502
505
503
506
503
507
504
507
507
64
Massachusetts
..................................................................
511
500
502
500
505
502
507
504
508
508
80
Michigan
............................................................................
534
533
547
554
559
565
557
565
557
566
11
Minnesota
..........................................................................
548
549
569
576
580
591
582
593
582
592
9
Mississippi
.........................................................................
561
540
559
546
572
557
569
557
567
551
4
Missouri
.............................................................................
549
538
560
554
569
566
570
569
567
568
9
Montana
............................................................................
555
548
540
542
549
553
546
547
545
548
22
Nebraska
...........................................................................
563
562
557
559
568
570
567
568
562
564
9
Nevada
..............................................................................
516
508
506
508
511
508
508
507
508
509
32
New
Hampshire
.................................................................
527
512
515
510
520
515
520
514
521
518
70
New
Jersey
.......................................................................
502
493
494
500
496
503
498
505
497
508
69
New
Mexico
.......................................................................
559
544
550
546
559
549
554
548
554
545
12
New
York
...........................................................................
501
495
492
497
495
498
497
499
495
502
74
North
Carolina
...................................................................
477
468
482
482
488
482
490
486
490
488
59
North
Dakota
.....................................................................
583
573
570
573
587
602
596
599
588
595
5
Ohio
...................................................................................
532
521
533
531
536
535
536
535
535
536
25
Oklahoma
..........................................................................
560
539
557
554
565
553
566
557
568
560
8
Oregon
..............................................................................
521
509
513
515
525
522
523
521
525
524
50
Pennsylvania
.....................................................................
505
491
494
489
496
489
498
492
498
495
72
Rhode
Island
.....................................................................
509
492
496
488
502
490
501
491
499
493
70
South
Carolina
..................................................................
474
466
473
473
478
473
480
474
479
474
56
South
Dakota
....................................................................
587
577
558
563
579
576
574
566
574
570
4
Tennessee
.........................................................................
563
543
562
553
571
560
563
552
564
556
13
Texas
.................................................................................
493
486
489
500
495
501
495
500
494
501
49
Utah
...................................................................................
577
557
582
573
585
576
583
575
576
570
4
Vermont
.............................................................................
518
500
504
498
506
499
506
500
508
502
69
Virginia
..............................................................................
511
499
501
495
504
494
507
496
506
497
69
Washington
.......................................................................
532
519
511
512
519
517
519
519
523
523
46
West
Virginia
.....................................................................
534
519
516
507
525
509
526
506
524
508
18
Wisconsin
..........................................................................
550
551
562
575
574
585
577
586
579
590
7
Wyoming
...........................................................................
557
551
535
541
551
544
544
544
543
543
12
1
Formerly
known
as
the
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test.

2
Based
on
the
number
of
high
school
graduates
in
1997
as
projected
by
the
Western
Interstate
Commission
for
Higher
Education
and
the
number
of
1997
seniors
who
took
the
SAT
I.
NOTE.
 
Possible
scores
on
each
part
of
the
SAT
range
from
200
to
800.
Rankings
of
states
based
on
SAT
scores
alone
are
invalid
because
of
the
varying
proportions
of
students
in
each
state
taking
the
tests.

SOURCE:
College
Entrance
Examination
Board,
``
College­
Bound
Seniors:
1997
Profile
of
SAT
Program
Test
Takers,''
Copyright
1997
by
the
College
Entrance
Examination
Board.
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
149
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACHIEVEMENT
Table
135.
 
American
College
Testing
(
ACT)
score1
averages,
by
sex:
1970
to
1997
Type
of
test
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Participants:
2
Total
(
in
thousands)
..............................
714
822
836
835
849
739
730
777
842
855
817
796
832
876
892
945
924
959
Test
scores
3
Composite,
total
.......................................
18.6
18.5
18.5
18.3
18.5
18.6
18.8
18.7
18.8
18.6
20.6
20.6
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0
Male
......................................................
19.5
19.3
19.3
19.1
19.3
19.4
19.6
19.5
19.6
19.3
21.0
20.9
20.9
21.0
20.9
21.0
21.0
21.1
Female
..................................................
17.8
17.9
17.8
17.6
17.9
17.9
18.1
18.1
18.1
18.0
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.5
20.7
20.7
20.8
20.8
English,
total
................................................
17.7
17.9
17.8
17.8
18.1
18.1
18.5
18.4
18.5
18.4
20.5
20.3
20.2
20.3
20.3
20.2
20.3
20.3
Male
.........................................................
17.1
17.3
17.3
17.3
17.5
17.6
17.9
17.9
18.0
17.8
20.1
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.8
19.9
Female
.....................................................
18.3
18.3
18.2
18.2
18.6
18.6
18.9
18.9
19.0
18.9
20.9
20.7
20.6
20.6
20.7
20.6
20.7
20.7
Math,
total
....................................................
17.6
17.4
17.3
16.9
17.3
17.2
17.3
17.2
17.2
17.1
19.9
20.0
20.0
20.1
20.2
20.2
20.2
20.6
Male
.........................................................
19.3
18.9
18.9
18.4
18.6
18.6
18.8
18.6
18.4
18.3
20.7
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.8
20.9
20.9
21.3
Female
.....................................................
16.2
16.2
16.0
15.7
16.1
16.0
16.0
16.1
16.1
16.1
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.6
19.7
19.7
20.1
Social
studies,
total
4
...................................
17.4
17.2
17.2
17.1
17.3
17.4
17.6
17.5
17.4
17.2
 
21.2
21.1
21.2
21.2
21.3
21.3
21.3
Male
.........................................................
18.7
18.2
18.3
18.0
18.1
18.3
18.6
18.4
18.4
18.1
 
21.3
21.1
21.2
21.1
21.1
21.0
21.2
Female
.....................................................
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.9
16.7
16.6
16.4
 
21.1
21.1
21.2
21.4
21.4
21.6
21.5
Natural
science,
total
5
.................................
21.1
21.1
21.0
20.9
21.0
21.2
21.4
21.4
21.4
21.2
 
20.7
20.7
20.8
20.9
21.0
21.1
21.1
Male
.........................................................
22.4
22.4
22.3
22.4
22.4
22.6
22.7
22.8
22.8
22.6
 
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.6
21.7
21.7
Female
.....................................................
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.6
19.9
20.0
20.2
20.1
20.2
20.0
 
20.1
20.1
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.5
20.6
Percent
Obtaining
composite
scores
of
 
28
or
above
..............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10
17
or
below
..............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26
Planned
major
field
of
study
Business
6
................................................
21
20
19
18
19
21
22
23
23
22
20
18
15
13
12
12
12
13
Engineering
7
............................................
6
8
10
10
9
9
9
8
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
8
8
9
Social
science
8
........................................
9
6
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
10
10
10
9
9
8
8
9
Education
9
...............................................
12
9
7
6
6
6
7
8
8
8
8
10
5
8
8
8
9
11
1
Test
scores
for
1990
and
later
data
are
not
comparable
with
previous
years
because
a
new
version
of
the
ACT
was
introduced.
Estimated
average
composite
scores
for
the
new
version
for
prior
years
were:
1989,
20.6;
1988,
1987,
and
1986,
20.8;
and
1982,
20.3.
2
Beginning
in
1985,
data
are
for
seniors
who
graduated
in
year
shown
and
had
taken
the
ACT
in
their
junior
or
senior
years.
3
Minimum
score,
1;
maximum
score,
36.
4
Beginning
in
1990,
the
test
was
changed
to
``
reading.''
5
Beginning
in
1990,
the
test
was
changed
to
``
science
reasoning.''
6
Includes
political
and
persuasive
(
e.
g.,
sales)
fields
through
1975;
thereafter,
business
and
commerce.
7
Beginning
in
1993,
includes
engineering
and
engineering
related
technologies.
8
Includes
religion
through
1975.
9
Includes
education
and
teacher
education.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
The
American
College
Testing
program,
High
School
Profile
Report,
annual.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
150
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
COURSEWORK
Table
136.
 
Average
number
of
Carnegie
units
earned
by
public
high
school
graduates
in
various
subject
fields,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
to
1994
Student
characteristics
Total
English
History
social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Foreign
languages
Arts
Vocational
education
1
Personal
use
2
Computer
science
3
Total
Less
than
algebra
Algebra
or
higher
Total
General
science
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1982
graduates
.........................
21.64
3.90
3.19
2.57
0.92
1.65
2.17
0.74
0.93
0.34
0.17
0.97
1.46
4.68
2.69
0.14
Male
..........................................
21.44
3.86
3.19
2.65
0.99
1.66
2.24
0.77
0.89
0.35
0.22
0.78
1.29
4.63
2.80
0.16
Female
......................................
21.82
3.93
3.20
2.49
0.85
1.64
2.11
0.71
0.97
0.32
0.12
1.14
1.63
4.72
2.60
0.13
Race/
ethnicity
White
.....................................
21.75
3.88
3.23
2.61
0.79
1.82
2.25
0.73
0.96
0.37
0.19
1.03
1.52
4.58
2.63
0.15
Black
......................................
21.25
4.06
3.11
2.55
1.39
1.16
2.04
0.81
0.89
0.25
0.09
0.71
1.25
4.84
2.68
0.16
Hispanic
.................................
21.30
3.89
3.03
2.26
1.23
1.03
1.78
0.77
0.79
0.16
0.06
0.76
1.31
5.26
3.02
0.09
Asian
......................................
22.43
3.82
3.18
3.16
0.71
2.44
2.59
0.50
1.09
0.60
0.40
1.96
1.31
3.23
3.17
0.23
American
Indian
....................
21.51
3.94
3.25
2.12
1.12
1.00
2.00
0.71
0.80
0.38
0.11
0.48
1.69
5.09
2.96
0.09
Academic
track
Academic
4
.............................
22.41
4.25
3.53
3.34
0.77
2.57
2.98
0.77
1.21
0.66
0.34
1.62
1.51
2.54
2.66
0.15
Vocational
5
............................
20.99
3.52
2.79
1.81
1.03
0.78
1.44
0.71
0.63
0.07
0.03
0.35
1.02
7.55
2.48
0.16
Both
6
.....................................
24.21
4.34
3.75
3.04
1.16
1.88
2.53
0.92
1.04
0.39
0.19
0.57
0.88
6.47
2.61
0.22
Neither
7
.................................
20.21
3.60
2.89
1.98
0.94
1.05
1.57
0.66
0.77
0.11
0.03
0.75
2.02
4.39
2.98
0.09
1987
graduates
.........................
23.06
4.06
3.37
3.05
0.95
2.10
2.53
0.75
1.09
0.48
0.21
1.38
1.43
4.48
2.94
0.49
Male
..........................................
22.92
4.03
3.35
3.10
1.01
2.09
2.58
0.78
1.05
0.49
0.26
1.18
1.23
4.58
3.13
0.49
Female
......................................
23.18
4.09
3.39
3.00
0.89
2.11
2.49
0.73
1.13
0.47
0.16
1.57
1.63
4.38
2.75
0.49
Race/
ethnicity
White
.....................................
23.14
4.06
3.33
3.06
0.84
2.22
2.59
0.74
1.12
0.51
0.23
1.38
1.49
4.55
2.86
0.50
Black
......................................
22.43
4.17
3.37
2.97
1.45
1.52
2.29
0.87
1.02
0.30
0.10
1.07
1.17
4.64
3.08
0.41
Hispanic
.................................
23.00
4.03
3.30
2.91
1.40
1.50
2.31
0.82
1.06
0.32
0.11
1.61
1.36
4.20
3.49
0.45
Asian
......................................
24.77
4.01
3.75
3.89
0.64
3.24
3.20
0.59
1.17
0.92
0.53
2.48
1.09
2.95
3.45
0.63
American
Indian
....................
23.26
4.22
3.22
3.05
1.53
1.52
2.48
0.83
1.25
0.30
0.10
0.73
1.60
4.82
3.43
0.44
Academic
track
Academic
4
.............................
23.65
4.28
3.67
3.56
0.72
2.84
3.07
0.73
1.26
0.74
0.34
1.92
1.61
2.77
2.88
0.50
Vocational
5
............................
21.95
3.64
2.76
2.07
1.23
0.85
1.60
0.75
0.77
0.07
0.02
0.48
0.96
7.86
2.86
0.47
Both
6
.....................................
23.92
4.20
3.50
3.17
1.19
1.98
2.50
0.88
1.11
0.38
0.14
0.89
0.83
6.38
2.65
0.64
Neither
7
.................................
21.16
3.62
2.86
2.19
1.22
0.97
1.71
0.71
0.86
0.12
0.02
1.03
2.11
4.42
3.61
0.31
1990
graduates
.........................
23.54
4.09
3.50
3.20
0.99
2.21
2.75
0.84
1.14
0.54
0.23
1.59
1.55
4.10
2.95
0.55
Male
..........................................
23.36
4.04
3.47
3.22
1.06
2.16
2.78
0.87
1.11
0.53
0.28
1.39
1.31
4.23
3.17
0.52
Female
......................................
23.70
4.13
3.52
3.18
0.93
2.25
2.72
0.82
1.17
0.54
0.19
1.78
1.77
3.99
2.74
0.57
Race/
ethnicity
White
.....................................
23.55
4.08
3.48
3.17
0.89
2.28
2.79
0.83
1.15
0.56
0.25
1.58
1.61
4.13
2.87
0.53
Black
......................................
23.41
4.25
3.51
3.25
1.33
1.92
2.68
0.97
1.11
0.44
0.16
1.23
1.34
4.39
3.02
0.61
Hispanic
.................................
23.85
4.05
3.46
3.22
1.41
1.81
2.49
0.83
1.11
0.42
0.14
1.99
1.48
3.99
3.43
0.59
Asian
......................................
24.08
4.02
3.70
3.64
0.83
2.81
2.97
0.68
1.12
0.74
0.42
2.52
1.30
2.89
3.12
0.55
American
Indian
....................
22.64
4.01
3.36
3.17
1.25
1.93
2.48
0.83
1.09
0.42
0.15
1.15
1.11
4.43
3.14
0.60
Academic
track
Academic
4
.............................
23.84
4.26
3.72
3.54
0.78
2.76
3.12
0.82
1.25
0.73
0.33
2.02
1.74
2.64
2.92
0.53
Vocational
5
............................
22.53
3.58
2.75
2.18
1.46
0.72
1.77
0.88
0.80
0.07
0.02
0.55
1.01
8.15
2.93
0.53
Both
6
.....................................
24.29
4.16
3.50
3.18
1.30
1.88
2.58
0.96
1.12
0.37
0.13
0.99
0.93
6.47
2.70
0.70
Neither
7
.................................
21.45
3.51
2.97
2.25
1.24
1.01
1.85
0.77
0.88
0.16
0.05
1.19
2.08
4.39
3.55
0.41
1994
graduates
.........................
24.16
4.20
3.57
3.37
0.85
2.53
3.04
0.87
1.26
0.62
0.28
1.76
1.66
3.87
2.92
0.65
Male
..........................................
23.98
4.16
3.54
3.36
0.93
2.44
3.02
0.90
1.20
0.60
0.32
1.54
1.43
4.07
3.18
0.65
Female
......................................
24.33
4.23
3.61
3.38
0.77
2.62
3.05
0.85
1.31
0.65
0.25
1.97
1.87
3.69
2.68
0.65
Race/
ethnicity
White
.....................................
24.31
4.19
3.58
3.39
0.78
2.62
3.12
0.88
1.29
0.66
0.30
1.75
1.74
3.87
2.87
0.64
Black
......................................
23.60
4.31
3.54
3.26
1.15
2.12
2.80
0.91
1.21
0.50
0.18
1.37
1.36
4.24
3.00
0.65
Hispanic
.................................
24.07
4.22
3.49
3.39
1.09
2.30
2.69
0.83
1.19
0.50
0.18
2.10
1.51
3.70
3.36
0.76
Asian
......................................
24.50
4.04
3.68
3.76
0.81
2.95
3.35
0.79
1.22
0.82
0.52
2.62
1.31
2.88
2.92
0.73
American
Indian
....................
24.25
4.22
3.79
3.15
1.05
2.10
2.82
0.92
1.29
0.46
0.14
1.26
1.96
4.06
3.19
0.74
Academic
track
Academic
4
.............................
24.30
4.30
3.75
3.62
0.69
2.93
3.33
0.84
1.34
0.78
0.37
2.11
1.88
2.56
2.89
0.61
Vocational
5
............................
22.77
3.67
2.77
2.19
1.38
0.81
1.87
0.87
0.91
0.06
0.02
0.54
0.97
8.33
2.97
0.65
Both
6
.....................................
24.95
4.22
3.50
3.27
1.07
2.20
2.80
1.00
1.20
0.45
0.16
1.16
1.08
6.49
2.67
0.84
Neither
7
.................................
21.52
3.53
2.84
2.35
1.26
1.09
1.92
0.79
0.93
0.15
0.05
1.23
1.89
4.54
4.18
0.45
1
Includes
nonoccupational
vocational
education,
vocational
general
introduction,
agriculture
business,
marketing,
health,
occupational
home
economics,
trade
and
industry,
and
technical
courses.
2
Includes
personal
and
social
courses,
religion
and
theology,
and
courses
not
included
in
the
other
subject
fields.
3
Computer
courses
are
included
in
mathematics
and
vocational
categories.
4
Includes
students
who
complete
at
least
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses,
but
less
than
3
Carnegie
units
in
any
specific
labor
market
preparation
field.
5
Includes
students
who
complete
at
least
3
Carnegie
units
in
a
specific
labor
market
preparation
field,
but
less
than
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses.
6
Includes
students
who
complete
at
least
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses
and
at
least
3
Carnegie
units
in
a
specific
labor
market
preparation
field.
7
Includes
students
who
complete
less
than
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses
and
less
than
3
Carnegie
units
in
a
specific
labor
market
preparation
field.

NOTE.
 
The
Carnegie
unit
is
a
standard
of
measurement
that
represents
one
credit
for
the
completion
of
a
1­
year
course.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
High
School
and
Beyond,''
First
Followup
survey;
``
1990
High
School
Transcript
Study,''
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
survey,
and
the
``
1994
High
School
Transcript
Study.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
151
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
COURSEWORK
Table
137.
 
Average
number
of
Carnegie
units
earned
by
public
school
graduates
in
vocational
education
courses,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
to
1994
Student
characteristics
Total
General
labor
market
preparation
Consumer
and
homemaking
education
Specific
labor
market
preparation
Total
Agriculture
Business
Marketing
Health
Occupational
home
economics
Trade
and
industrial
Technical

communications
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1982
graduates
.....
4.68
1.08
0.69
2.91
0.22
1.05
0.16
0.05
0.18
1.06
0.12
0.09
Male
...................
4.63
1.03
0.31
3.29
0.37
0.49
0.14
0.02
0.05
1.97
0.14
0.11
Female
...............
4.72
1.12
1.05
2.55
0.08
1.57
0.17
0.08
0.29
0.20
0.09
0.07
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............
4.58
1.05
0.64
2.88
0.24
1.08
0.15
0.04
0.17
1.01
0.12
0.08
Black
..............
4.84
1.10
0.90
2.84
0.09
0.98
0.22
0.13
0.23
0.97
0.11
0.10
Hispanic
.........
5.26
1.21
0.86
3.19
0.24
1.00
0.15
0.07
0.20
1.34
0.07
0.12
Asian
..............
3.23
1.06
0.29
1.89
0.05
0.59
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.88
0.17
0.08
American
Indian
...........
5.09
1.22
0.52
3.35
0.27
0.74
0.14
0.07
0.10
1.86
0.05
0.12
Academic
track
Academic
1
.....
2.54
0.87
0.48
1.19
0.06
0.51
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.36
0.12
0.02
Vocational
2
....
7.55
1.11
0.64
5.80
0.51
1.85
0.29
0.09
0.35
2.40
0.11
0.20
Both
3
.............
6.47
0.94
0.56
4.97
0.43
1.66
0.26
0.10
0.28
1.97
0.14
0.11
Neither
4
.........
4.39
1.38
1.10
1.91
0.10
0.84
0.14
0.04
0.15
0.46
0.10
0.07
1987
graduates
.....
4.48
0.92
0.59
2.96
0.21
0.98
0.17
0.07
0.19
0.98
0.24
0.12
Male
...................
4.58
0.89
0.32
3.37
0.35
0.58
0.13
0.02
0.08
1.78
0.30
0.13
Female
...............
4.38
0.94
0.86
2.58
0.07
1.37
0.20
0.11
0.30
0.23
0.19
0.11
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............
4.55
0.93
0.59
3.03
0.25
0.99
0.16
0.06
0.18
1.02
0.26
0.10
Black
..............
4.64
1.01
0.74
2.89
0.10
1.00
0.18
0.12
0.29
0.80
0.18
0.21
Hispanic
.........
4.20
0.93
0.55
2.72
0.07
0.92
0.17
0.06
0.17
1.05
0.14
0.14
Asian
..............
2.95
0.62
0.31
2.02
0.13
0.68
0.10
0.04
0.09
0.50
0.37
0.10
American
Indian
...........
4.82
0.89
0.66
3.27
0.21
1.11
0.09
0.08
0.09
1.39
0.19
0.11
Academic
track
Academic
1
.....
2.77
0.81
0.49
1.46
0.05
0.61
0.06
0.03
0.06
0.33
0.27
0.04
Vocational
2
....
7.86
1.07
0.66
6.14
0.52
1.68
0.39
0.15
0.52
2.45
0.17
0.26
Both
3
.............
6.38
0.90
0.47
5.02
0.47
1.60
0.25
0.12
0.27
1.86
0.27
0.18
Neither
4
.........
4.42
1.19
1.06
2.17
0.10
0.79
0.18
0.05
0.19
0.54
0.17
0.15
1990
graduates
.....
4.10
0.83
0.57
2.70
0.20
0.90
0.16
0.04
0.17
0.87
0.22
0.14
Male
...................
4.23
0.78
0.33
3.12
0.32
0.58
0.13
0.02
0.06
1.58
0.27
0.15
Female
...............
3.99
0.87
0.79
2.32
0.09
1.19
0.18
0.06
0.27
0.22
0.18
0.12
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............
4.13
0.80
0.55
2.78
0.24
0.87
0.16
0.04
0.15
0.94
0.22
0.15
Black
..............
4.39
0.96
0.81
2.62
0.06
1.08
0.17
0.04
0.28
0.64
0.23
0.11
Hispanic
.........
3.99
0.85
0.54
2.61
0.15
0.95
0.19
0.02
0.27
0.75
0.17
0.10
Asian
..............
2.89
0.73
0.32
1.85
0.04
0.66
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.73
0.26
0.05
American
Indian
...........
4.43
0.84
0.72
2.87
0.36
0.96
0.15
0.02
0.08
0.95
0.16
0.19
Academic
track
Academic
1
.....
2.64
0.73
0.52
1.39
0.05
0.60
0.07
0.02
0.07
0.32
0.24
0.04
Vocational
2
....
8.15
1.02
0.62
6.50
0.69
1.60
0.32
0.11
0.51
2.73
0.16
0.37
Both
3
.............
6.47
0.81
0.50
5.16
0.44
1.60
0.38
0.09
0.33
1.81
0.22
0.29
Neither
4
.........
4.39
1.24
0.99
2.16
0.13
0.77
0.17
0.04
0.14
0.56
0.17
0.19
1994
graduates
.....
3.87
0.70
0.53
2.65
0.24
0.89
0.18
0.08
0.19
0.70
0.22
0.15
Male
...................
4.07
0.74
0.35
2.99
0.38
0.67
0.14
0.03
0.08
1.25
0.28
0.16
Female
...............
3.69
0.66
0.70
2.33
0.11
1.10
0.22
0.12
0.30
0.17
0.16
0.14
Race/
ethnicity
White
..............
3.87
0.69
0.52
2.66
0.28
0.88
0.19
0.08
0.16
0.72
0.22
0.15
Black
..............
4.24
0.77
0.62
2.84
0.13
1.02
0.20
0.11
0.38
0.60
0.21
0.19
Hispanic
.........
3.70
0.67
0.48
2.55
0.13
0.94
0.15
0.07
0.26
0.65
0.20
0.16
Asian
..............
2.88
0.56
0.37
1.96
0.14
0.71
0.11
0.06
0.12
0.50
0.28
0.05
American
Indian
...........
4.06
0.81
0.62
2.63
0.36
0.92
0.05
0.15
0.13
0.57
0.26
0.19
Academic
track
Academic
1
.....
2.56
0.60
0.48
1.48
0.08
0.65
0.09
0.05
0.08
0.29
0.21
0.04
Vocational
2
....
8.33
1.01
0.70
6.62
0.80
1.44
0.37
0.17
0.55
2.46
0.25
0.59
Both
3
.............
6.49
0.72
0.50
5.28
0.63
1.54
0.42
0.17
0.42
1.50
0.26
0.34
Neither
4
.........
4.54
1.35
0.94
2.25
0.18
0.73
0.20
0.06
0.20
0.53
0.16
0.18
1
Includes
students
who
complete
at
least
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses,
but
less
than
3
Carnegie
units
in
any
specific
labor
market
preparation
field.
2
Includes
students
who
complete
at
least
3
Carnegie
units
in
a
specific
labor
market
preparation
field,
but
less
than
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses.
3
Includes
students
who
complete
at
least
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses
and
at
least
3
Carnegie
units
in
a
specific
labor
market
preparation
field.
4
Includes
students
who
complete
less
than
12
Carnegie
units
in
academic
courses
and
less
than
3
Carnegie
units
in
a
specific
labor
market
preparation
field.
NOTE.
 
The
Carnegie
unit
is
a
standard
of
measurement
that
represents
one
credit
for
the
completion
of
a
1­
year
course.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
High
School
and
Beyond,''
First
Followup
survey;
``
1990
High
School
Transcript
Study,''
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
survey,
and
the
``
1994
High
School
Transcript
Study.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
152
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
COURSEWORK
Table
138.
 
Percentage
of
high
school
graduates
taking
selected
mathematics
and
science
courses
in
high
school,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
1982
to
1994
Courses
(
credits)
1982
1987
1990
1994
Total
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Men
Women
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Mathematics
1
Any
mathematics
(
1.0)
................................................
98.5
98.9
99.6
99.6
99.5
99.6
99.6
99.3
99.2
100.0
98.9
Algebra
I
(
1.0)
..........................................................
53.9
64.0
64.2
66.4
64.7
68.1
67.5
65.0
70.7
61.7
58.7
Geometry
(
1.0)
.........................................................
45.5
59.7
63.4
70.4
68.3
72.4
72.7
58.1
69.4
75.8
60.0
Algebra
II
(
0.5)
.........................................................
32.2
48.6
51.7
58.6
55.4
61.6
61.6
43.7
51.0
66.6
39.2
Trigonometry
(
0.5)
...................................................
12.1
18.6
18.2
17.2
16.6
17.8
18.6
13.6
9.8
25.3
6.7
Analysis/
pre­
calculus
(
0.5)
.......................................
5.9
12.6
13.4
17.3
16.3
18.2
18.2
9.8
13.9
33.9
8.7
Statistics/
probability
(
0.5)
.........................................
1.0
1.3
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.3
1.7
1.0
1.1
1.2
Calculus
(
1.0)
...........................................................
4.6
6.0
6.5
9.2
9.4
9.1
9.6
3.8
6.0
23.4
3.8
AP
calculus
(
1.0)
......................................................
1.5
3.2
4.1
7.0
7.2
6.8
7.3
2.0
4.6
21.0
2.2
Science
Any
science
(
1.0)
.........................................................
96.6
98.7
99.4
99.5
99.3
99.8
99.7
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.7
Biology
(
1.0)
.............................................................
76.4
87.8
91.3
93.5
92.3
94.7
94.4
91.3
94.0
90.9
91.2
AP/
honors
biology
(
1.0)
...........................................
6.6
2.7
4.9
4.6
4.0
5.1
4.6
2.7
3.3
8.3
1.7
Chemistry
(
1.0)
........................................................
30.9
43.7
49.0
56.0
53.2
58.7
58.5
43.8
46.5
69.3
41.3
AP/
honors
chemistry
(
1.0)
.......................................
2.9
3.3
3.5
3.9
4.1
3.7
4.3
2.1
2.5
7.7
0.6
Physics
(
1.0)
............................................................
14.2
19.2
21.5
24.4
26.9
22.0
26.1
14.7
16.0
42.3
10.3
AP/
honors
physics
(
1.0)
...........................................
1.0
1.6
2.0
2.4
3.0
1.8
2.5
1.4
1.8
6.0
0.3
Engineering
(
1.0)
.....................................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
1.0
 
Astronomy
(
0.5)
.......................................................
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.7
2.0
1.5
2.0
0.6
0.4
0.8
2.2
Geology/
earth
science
(
0.5)
.....................................
13.2
14.5
24.8
23.0
22.8
23.2
23.8
23.3
15.3
16.7
23.2
Biology
and
chemistry
(
2.0)
.....................................
28.1
42.1
47.6
53.8
50.9
56.6
56.4
42.2
45.1
64.8
39.6
Biology,
chemistry,
and
physics
(
3.0)
......................
10.6
16.4
18.8
21.3
23.1
19.6
22.7
13.0
13.4
37.2
8.0
1
These
data
only
report
the
percentage
of
students
who
earned
credit
in
each
mathematics
course
while
in
high
school
and
does
not
count
those
students
who
took
these
courses
prior
to
entering
high
school.
In
1992,
approximately
93
percent
of
graduates
had
taken
algebra
I
before
or
during
high
school,
and
70
percent
had
taken
geometry.
 
Less
than
0.05
percent.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
The
1994
High
School
Transcript
Study
Tabulations
Comparative
Data
on
Credits
Earned
and
Demographics
for
1994,
1990,
1987,
and
1982
High
School
Graduates,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)

Table
139.
 
Percent
of
high
school
graduates
earning
minimum
credits
in
selected
combinations
of
academic
courses,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
1982
to
1994
Year
of
graduation
and
course
combinations
taken
1
All
students
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1982
graduates
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
.5
Comp.,
&
2
F.
L.
2
....
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.4
0.9
0.6
5.6
0.1
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
.5
Comp.
3
...............
2.9
3.6
2.3
3.4
1.3
0.9
6.6
0.1
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
2
F.
L.
.......................
9.2
8.8
9.6
10.5
5.3
3.7
17.1
5.7
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math
......................................
14.0
14.8
13.3
15.5
11.6
6.5
21.3
6.5
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
2
Sci.,
2
Math
......................................
31.5
31.6
31.5
32.5
31.7
25.2
34.3
35.7
1987
graduates
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
.5
Comp.,
&
2
F.
L.
2
....
12.1
13.0
11.4
12.8
7.8
6.4
25.6
2.8
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
.5
Comp.
3
...............
16.6
18.1
15.1
17.6
11.3
9.0
28.8
15.2
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
2
F.
L.
.......................
20.6
20.2
20.9
21.4
15.0
12.9
42.6
5.8
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math
......................................
27.9
28.8
27.1
29.2
22.0
17.6
48.8
26.6
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
2
Sci.,
2
Math
......................................
54.0
53.5
54.7
53.4
56.0
51.6
68.9
66.7
1990
graduates
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
.5
Comp.,
&
2
F.
L.
2
....
18.3
18.1
18.4
18.9
15.5
18.2
23.9
7.8
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
.5
Comp.
3
...............
23.3
23.9
22.8
23.5
25.3
20.5
27.2
14.6
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
2
F.
L.
.......................
30.3
29.2
31.3
32.0
23.3
25.8
43.7
9.9
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math
......................................
38.8
39.2
38.4
39.8
39.5
30.3
48.8
20.9
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
2
Sci.,
2
Math
......................................
66.5
65.9
67.1
65.8
73.3
64.6
70.6
47.9
1994
graduates
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
.5
Comp.,
&
2
F.
L.
2
....
25.3
23.5
26.9
26.5
19.5
27.7
36.3
12.9
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
.5
Comp.
3
...............
32.0
31.1
32.9
33.5
28.2
31.1
40.2
25.5
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math,
&
2
F.
L.
.......................
39.1
35.1
42.9
41.6
30.2
36.3
51.2
22.5
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
3
Sci.,
3
Math
......................................
49.8
47.5
51.9
52.7
45.0
41.2
56.1
46.0
4
Eng.,
3
S.
S.,
2
Sci.,
2
Math
......................................
74.6
72.2
76.9
75.5
76.7
77.5
73.1
77.0
1
Eng.
=
English;
S.
S.
=
social
studies;
Sci.
=
science;
Comp.
=
computer
science;
and
F.
L.
=
foreign
language.
2
The
National
Commission
on
Excellence
in
Education
recommended
that
all
collegebound
high
school
students
take
these
courses
as
a
minimum.
3
The
National
Commission
on
Excellence
in
Education
recommended
that
all
high
school
students
take
these
courses
as
a
minimum.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
The
1994
High
School
Transcript
Study
Tabulations:
Comparative
Data
on
Credits
Earned
and
Demographics
for
1994,
1990,
1987,
and
1982
High
School
Graduates,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1996.)
153
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
OPINIONS
Table
140.
 
Reasons
given
by
12th­
graders
for
taking
current
mathematics
and
science
classes,
by
selected
student
and
school
characteristics:
1992
Class
subject
and
opinion
Percent
of
12th
graders
who
answered,
``
somewhat
important''
or
``
very
important''

All
12th
graders
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
quartile
1
Control
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Lowest
Second
Third
Highest
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Mathematics
class
I
am
interested
in
mathematics
..............................
74.5
77.4
71.3
72.9
74.6
80.4
81.9
87.7
78.0
74.6
73.1
74.2
73.8
78.4
81.7
I
do
well
in
mathematics
....
77.1
80.2
73.7
76.4
76.1
79.7
83.6
76.8
79.5
77.8
76.3
76.1
76.7
78.4
82.1
I
need
it
for
college
or
trade
school
..............................
87.2
86.6
87.8
86.5
89.8
86.5
90.8
90.5
83.3
85.4
88.9
88.6
87.1
87.9
87.5
I
need
it
for
a
job
after
high
school
..............................
64.7
65.9
63.4
62.5
69.7
70.9
66.3
83.9
71.2
68.5
65.5
57.8
65.9
58.1
51.9
I
need
it
for
advanced
placement
.......................
53.6
53.3
54.0
49.6
58.4
62.5
72.6
56.9
59.8
46.7
52.2
55.7
54.1
47.2
53.9
Advised
to
take
class
by:
Teacher
..........................
65.9
63.3
68.8
63.6
74.8
71.1
66.7
70.6
69.2
65.1
66.3
64.7
65.7
66.2
70.0
Guidance
counselor
.......
64.8
62.9
66.8
60.7
77.8
76.2
64.2
83.0
76.4
67.5
62.6
58.6
65.8
55.1
59.6
Parent
............................
71.6
69.1
74.2
70.5
74.6
74.4
73.3
79.8
66.3
67.2
70.3
76.6
71.8
68.4
71.4
Friend
.............................
42.2
41.4
43.2
39.8
51.2
43.7
50.8
56.2
46.1
43.2
41.7
40.7
42.5
40.6
39.1
Sibling
............................
30.9
29.5
32.5
26.3
37.2
43.1
46.2
51.5
40.4
29.7
27.7
29.4
31.8
21.9
28.9
Science
class
I
am
interested
in
science
..
78.8
82.7
74.4
78.5
77.4
78.9
83.6
74.9
74.5
76.7
76.9
82.7
77.9
81.1
89.9
I
do
well
in
science
.............
80.6
83.9
77.0
80.1
76.7
86.1
84.2
86.6
78.1
80.1
77.1
84.0
80.1
79.8
90.2
I
need
it
for
college
or
trade
school
..............................
83.3
81.7
85.0
82.4
86.4
83.5
88.4
88.8
78.5
81.9
84.6
84.8
83.3
85.3
80.7
I
need
it
for
a
job
after
high
school
..............................
47.0
47.9
45.9
44.5
53.2
57.6
51.3
55.9
53.4
47.6
50.4
41.6
47.8
45.7
35.7
I
need
it
for
advanced
placement
.......................
50.2
49.7
50.9
47.1
51.6
59.0
66.8
59.6
48.9
47.9
46.8
53.9
49.2
53.5
60.3
Advised
to
take
class
by:
Teacher
..........................
58.9
56.2
61.9
57.6
61.7
63.7
61.0
67.2
61.3
57.7
58.3
59.0
57.8
60.3
74.1
Guidance
counselor
.......
59.4
57.8
61.2
56.2
71.4
70.9
59.7
57.9
74.0
59.5
55.8
55.5
60.3
44.1
67.3
Parent
............................
66.3
63.4
69.4
65.7
69.1
70.5
64.1
73.8
61.9
59.9
66.4
70.6
67.0
58.7
67.4
Friend
.............................
43.5
43.4
43.6
42.9
40.9
44.6
49.7
62.9
45.6
41.6
41.0
45.0
43.6
36.6
52.5
Sibling
............................
28.7
26.8
31.0
25.3
35.0
35.5
44.3
57.6
36.1
25.2
25.2
29.6
29.4
21.0
30.5
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1994.)

Table
141.
 
Expected
occupations
of
8th­,
10th­,
and
12th­
graders
at
age
30,
by
selected
student
and
school
characteristics:
1988,
1990,
and
1992
[
Percentage
distribution]

Expected
occupation
at
age
30
8th
graders
in
1988
10th
graders
in
1990
12th
graders
in
1992
Total
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
1
Control
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Low
Middle
High
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Craftsperson
or
operator
.........
4.2
5.6
3.5
6.6
0.5
3.7
3.4
2.7
2.4
2.7
6.8
3.9
0.7
3.9
0.9
0.3
Farmer
or
farm
manager
.........
1.0
1.1
0.9
1.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.1
(
2)
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.9
0.6
0.6
Housewife/
homemaker
............
2.3
2.0
1.0
0.1
2.0
1.2
0.4
0.7
0.8
(
2)
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.7
1.5
Laborer
or
farm
worker
............
0.6
0.8
0.7
1.3
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.6
1.2
1.9
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.8
Military,
police,
or
security
officer
.....................
9.6
5.7
6.6
11.2
2.0
6.4
7.7
7.4
5.1
10.0
9.3
7.4
3.6
7.0
3.3
1.7
Professional,
business,
or
managerial
..........................
34.5
45.7
50.8
45.9
55.7
50.0
55.1
47.1
61.3
43.3
38.7
48.1
63.0
49.4
66.3
59.2
Teacher
....................................
(
3)
4.1
7.5
4.1
10.8
8.4
3.7
6.7
3.4
4.8
6.2
7.6
8.2
7.3
8.1
11.1
Business
owner
.......................
6.2
5.3
6.0
7.8
4.3
5.6
6.8
7.7
7.0
6.4
6.7
6.4
4.9
6.3
3.8
3.3
Technical
..................................
6.2
4.7
5.4
7.5
3.4
5.0
5.5
7.5
6.0
8.2
7.1
5.9
3.5
5.7
2.4
3.6
Salesperson,
clerical,
or
office
worker
........................
2.8
4.9
4.8
3.1
6.5
4.6
5.3
6.4
4.1
5.2
8.0
4.7
3.1
4.9
2.6
5.8
Service
worker
.........................
4.9
1.8
2.4
0.5
4.2
2.3
3.1
2.5
0.6
5.8
4.6
2.3
0.9
2.5
1.5
0.8
Other
employment
...................
17.0
7.7
10.2
10.3
10.2
10.8
8.0
9.6
8.0
10.6
8.8
10.8
10.2
10.3
9.6
11.3
Don't
know
or
no
plans
............
10.5
10.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.2
(
2)
0.1
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
``
Middle''
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
High''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.
2
Less
than
.05
percent.
3
Included
under
``
Professional,
business,
or
managerial.''

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
First
and
Second
Followup
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1994.)
154
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
OPINIONS
Table
142.
 
Eighth­,
10th­,
and
12th­
graders'
attitudes
about
school
climate,
by
student
and
school
characteristics:
1988,
1990,
and
1992
Statements
about
school
climate
Percent
who
strongly
agree
or
agree
with
statement
Eighth
graders
in
1988
Tenth
graders
in
1990
Twelfth
graders
in
1992
Total
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
quartile
1
Control
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Lowest
Second
Third
Highest
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
There
is
real
school
spirit
............
68.6
70.4
71.4
72.9
69.8
72.1
67.4
71.0
70.7
62.0
73.4
71.3
72.0
69.5
70.4
82.2
76.0
Discipline
is
fair
...........................
69.1
70.2
68.0
67.0
69.0
68.0
58.6
74.7
75.6
73.0
66.3
66.2
68.1
69.7
67.3
69.9
77.0
Teaching
is
good
.........................
80.2
81.9
85.4
84.8
86.0
85.1
84.1
88.5
85.5
88.3
85.6
84.2
84.3
87.2
84.7
90.4
93.7
Teachers
are
interested
in
students
..............................
75.2
76.0
81.6
81.5
81.8
81.9
78.4
83.7
80.1
83.0
80.3
80.5
80.1
84.8
80.4
91.1
95.4
I
don't
feel
safe
at
this
school
..................................
11.8
8.0
10.4
10.8
10.1
8.6
16.1
14.7
15.8
13.0
13.1
11.2
10.5
7.5
11.1
4.9
3.5
Disruptions
by
other
students
interfere
with
my
learning
...
39.6
39.9
33.1
31.6
34.7
30.8
38.1
39.8
41.4
40.5
37.0
35.9
34.6
26.3
34.2
25.4
21.8
Fights
often
occur
between
different
racial/
ethnic
groups
 
 
22.7
22.2
23.2
20.9
22.2
31.9
30.5
29.9
25.1
23.9
23.5
18.6
24.5
8.3
3.0
There
are
many
gangs
in
school
 
 
16.3
16.4
16.2
12.5
17.5
36.4
27.2
23.2
21.9
15.8
16.7
12.1
17.7
4.5
1.5
Students
are
graded
fairly
...........
 
 
78.3
78.6
78.0
79.5
71.6
77.6
77.3
74.7
74.8
76.3
78.3
82.4
77.3
84.1
91.8
There
is
a
lot
of
cheating
on
tests
and
assignments
...
 
 
58.8
56.0
61.7
59.7
57.1
53.8
63.5
59.8
55.8
59.1
61.8
58.6
60.2
56.9
32.6
Some
teachers
ignore
cheating
when
they
see
it
.................
 
 
30.9
29.3
32.6
32.7
25.4
26.0
30.7
24.8
26.9
31.4
32.7
31.9
31.9
26.5
16.9
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Base
Year
and
First
and
Second
Followup
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1994.)

Table
143.
 
Percentage
of
3­
to
5­
year­
olds
who
were
read
to
every
day
in
the
last
week
by
a
family
member:
1993,
1995,
and
1996
Characteristic
1993
1995
1996
1
2
3
4
Percent
of
all
3­
to
5­
year­
olds
.........................................................................
53
58
57
Sex
Male
.................................................................................................................
51
57
56
Female
.............................................................................................................
54
59
57
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
........................................................................................
59
65
64
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.........................................................................................
39
43
44
Hispanic
...........................................................................................................
37
38
39
Poverty
status
Above
poverty
threshold
.................................................................................
56
62
61
At
or
below
poverty
threshold
.........................................................................
44
48
46
Family
composition
of
household
Two
parents
.....................................................................................................
55
61
61
One
or
no
parent
.............................................................................................
46
49
46
Mother's
education
Less
than
high
school
.....................................................................................
37
40
37
High
school/
high
school
equivalent
.................................................................
48
48
49
Vocational/
technical
or
some
college
..............................................................
57
64
62
College
graduate
.............................................................................................
71
76
77
Mother's
employment
status
35
hours
or
more
per
week
.............................................................................
52
55
54
Less
than
35
hours
per
week
.........................................................................
56
63
59
Not
in
labor
force
.............................................................................................
55
60
59
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey,
1993,
1995,
and
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997).
155
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACTIVITIES
Table
144.
 
Participation
of
10th­
and
12th­
graders
in
extracurricular
activities,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1990
and
1992
Extracurricular
activities
Percent
who
participated
in
school
activities
Total
1990
10th
graders
1992
12th
graders
Total
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
1
Control
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Low
Middle
High
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Athletics
Interscholastic
team
sport
 
30.4
41.2
19.7
30.8
32.3
25.8
28.3
30.4
25.3
30.1
34.4
29.6
31.2
48.9
Interscholastic
individual
sport
...............................
 
20.3
26.8
13.9
20.9
21.2
14.9
21.6
20.7
13.6
18.7
27.7
20.0
24.6
21.8
Intramural
team
sport
........
 
22.7
31.8
13.8
22.3
25.8
20.8
24.9
27.9
20.4
22.9
24.1
22.0
29.7
29.6
Intramural
individual
sport
 
13.3
16.7
10.0
12.5
16.7
14.0
14.7
18.2
10.8
12.5
15.9
13.5
13.3
10.7
Performing
arts
Cheerleading
.....................
5.9
7.6
2.0
13.0
7.4
10.6
6.7
5.1
11.9
6.5
7.9
7.8
7.6
8.3
5.9
School
band
or
orchestra
..
20.9
19.8
15.1
24.5
19.6
24.4
16.9
17.7
16.8
17.6
19.6
22.0
19.8
12.0
31.3
School
play
or
musical
......
11.0
15.4
14.1
16.7
16.1
15.9
10.6
13.7
14.0
11.4
14.8
19.4
15.0
14.2
26.2
School
government/
clubs
Student
government
..........
7.3
15.4
13.1
17.7
15.4
16.7
14.7
14.6
14.3
11.0
14.7
19.8
15.0
14.5
27.9
Academic
honor
society
....
7.7
18.5
14.4
22.7
19.6
14.0
12.5
27.2
13.6
9.6
15.9
29.5
17.7
28.0
22.9
School
yearbook/
newspaper
..............................
8.8
18.8
14.0
23.5
19.7
14.3
16.8
18.9
21.2
14.3
16.9
25.1
17.0
28.0
46.7
School
service
clubs
.........
11.5
13.9
10.3
17.4
13.6
13.6
14.4
19.3
11.6
8.4
12.5
19.6
13.6
17.3
15.4
School
academic
clubs
.....
30.7
25.1
22.9
27.4
25.8
20.7
22.6
32.3
17.7
18.8
24.1
31.1
25.1
26.4
24.5
School
hobby
clubs
...........
7.3
7.7
8.1
7.4
7.4
6.6
9.1
11.3
10.8
6.7
7.0
9.3
7.4
9.8
11.0
School
FTA,
FHA,
and
FFA
................................
11.7
17.7
14.7
20.7
17.6
22.5
16.4
8.8
22.1
24.8
19.7
9.9
19.4
2.4
2.9
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
``
Middle''
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
High''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
First
and
Second
Followup
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1994.)

Table
145.
 
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
who
plan
to
go
to
college
after
graduation,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
and
1992
Student
characteristics
No
college
Right
after
high
school
After
a
year
After
more
than
a
year
Don't
know
1982
1992
1982
1992
1982
1992
1982
1992
1982
1992
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
All
seniors
......................................................
18.3
4.0
58.3
76.6
7.1
10.7
3.9
4.1
12.3
4.6
Male
............................................................
22.8
5.7
53.4
73.0
6.6
10.2
4.0
5.6
13.1
5.5
Female
........................................................
14.0
2.3
63.0
80.1
7.6
11.1
3.8
2.7
11.6
3.8
Race/
ethnicity
White
..........................................................
18.2
3.9
60.2
76.6
7.0
10.6
3.4
4.4
11.3
4.5
Black
...........................................................
14.6
5.4
57.5
75.2
8.2
11.2
5.7
3.2
14.1
5.2
Hispanic
......................................................
24.1
3.5
45.6
75.4
7.5
11.6
5.8
3.6
17.0
5.9
Asian
...........................................................
5.6
2.6
81.7
83.4
5.6
8.6
2.1
2.4
5.1
3.1
American
Indian
.........................................
22.2
5.8
48.5
65.7
9.0
15.5
3.3
5.3
17.1
7.7
Test
performance
quartile
Lowest
test
quartile
....................................
32.3
11.4
32.8
59.3
9.1
15.1
4.5
3.4
21.3
10.9
Second
test
quartile
...................................
26.5
3.9
45.2
71.2
7.8
14.3
4.8
4.4
15.8
6.3
Third
test
quartile
.......................................
15.6
2.0
61.9
81.2
7.9
9.9
3.8
4.1
10.8
2.8
Highest
test
quartile
...................................
3.8
0.6
85.4
90.9
4.7
4.8
2.4
2.6
3.8
1.2
Socioeconomic
status
1
Low
quartile
................................................
29.1
8.1
38.3
60.3
7.6
16.5
5.8
5.8
19.2
9.4
Middle
2
quartiles
.......................................
18.3
4.1
56.6
74.6
8.1
11.8
4.1
4.7
12.9
4.8
High
quartile
...............................................
6.6
1.1
82.8
91.1
5.0
4.6
1.5
1.7
4.1
1.5
Control
of
school
Public
..........................................................
19.4
4.4
56.0
74.8
7.3
11.4
4.1
4.5
13.1
4.9
Catholic
.......................................................
8.2
0.5
80.0
93.0
5.1
4.3
1.4
0.7
5.4
1.6
Other
private
...............................................
9.9
0.7
77.3
92.0
6.4
3.0
2.5
0.6
3.9
3.7
Location
of
school
Urban
..........................................................
16.6
3.0
59.3
79.5
8.2
10.1
4.0
3.0
11.8
4.4
Suburban
....................................................
15.5
3.3
62.3
78.6
6.8
9.7
4.1
4.4
11.3
4.0
Rural/
nonmetropolitan
area
........................
24.0
5.9
51.4
71.2
6.9
12.3
3.6
4.9
14.2
5.8
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
``
Middle''
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
High''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
High
School
and
Beyond,''
First
Followup
survey;
and
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
Student
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1995.)
156
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ACTIVITIES
Table
146.
 
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
who
say
they
engage
in
various
activities,
by
student
characteristics:
1982
and
1992
Activity
Total
Sex
Race/
ethncity
Socioeconomic
status
1
Control
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Low
Middle
High
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Percent
of
12th
graders,
1982
At
least
once
a
week
Talking
with
friends
................
92.7
92.5
93.0
94.2
89.1
88.9
86.7
91.3
88.6
93.7
95.6
92.3
96.4
97.2
Reading
for
pleasure
..............
50.4
43.4
57.1
51.0
53.9
43.1
56.4
50.3
45.2
50.1
56.8
50.1
51.4
56.2
Going
on
dates
.......................
61.3
60.6
62.0
63.9
51.9
58.1
40.3
54.5
55.8
63.4
62.8
61.4
60.7
60.7
Driving
or
riding
around
..........
62.4
65.9
59.1
65.2
48.9
60.7
42.4
62.3
56.2
65.0
65.1
62.6
64.6
55.0
Thinking
or
daydreaming
........
68.5
61.8
74.8
71.1
64.6
58.0
62.4
53.9
63.3
67.5
75.9
67.7
75.2
76.5
Talking
with
parents
...............
83.9
79.9
87.6
85.6
80.1
78.0
79.8
76.0
78.5
84.7
87.8
83.4
87.7
87.9
Reading
front
page
of
newspaper
............................
69.1
70.8
67.5
69.7
71.9
63.3
73.5
61.8
61.5
69.1
77.0
68.5
75.7
72.0
Five
or
more
hours
on
weekdays
Watches
television
.................
11.5
11.9
11.2
9.4
22.2
13.8
8.1
20.9
16.5
11.5
6.4
12.1
8.0
3.9
Percent
of
12th
graders,
1992
At
least
once
a
week
Use
personal
computer
..........
23.7
28.1
19.3
23.9
23.6
20.9
27.0
23.8
18.9
23.3
27.7
23.4
25.2
28.0
Work
on
hobbies
....................
40.9
44.4
37.4
42.0
34.8
39.9
37.8
49.8
36.3
41.1
43.5
40.6
43.4
43.2
Attend
religious
activities
........
31.0
28.1
33.8
31.4
33.7
26.9
30.4
14.6
22.2
29.4
39.9
29.4
38.8
54.9
Attend
youth
groups
...............
22.4
24.6
20.1
22.5
23.3
18.5
26.4
22.1
16.6
21.3
28.1
21.8
22.9
33.3
Perform
community
service
....
11.3
10.7
11.9
11.1
12.1
10.9
14.0
9.2
7.7
9.5
16.7
9.7
22.3
31.2
Driving
or
riding
around
..........
73.3
74.3
72.3
75.7
67.8
66.2
66.7
71.0
69.6
75.3
72.4
73.4
77.8
63.0
Do
things
with
friends
.............
88.1
88.2
88.0
90.7
79.8
82.4
85.9
77.2
80.8
88.1
93.2
87.5
94.5
91.9
Do
things
with
parent
.............
66.7
61.2
72.1
68.2
62.0
63.8
63.4
61.2
59.6
66.3
71.7
66.0
73.6
72.8
Talk
with
other
adult
...............
47.7
45.4
49.9
48.8
44.3
46.2
43.0
44.0
47.6
49.0
45.0
47.3
46.4
58.8
Take
music,
art,
or
dance
class
.....................................
10.1
7.9
12.2
9.9
9.7
9.8
14.0
10.6
7.1
8.8
14.0
9.7
13.4
12.4
Take
sports
lessons
...............
7.3
9.7
5.0
7.0
7.4
8.2
9.4
11.6
5.6
6.6
9.5
7.1
11.1
7.8
Play
ball
or
other
sport
...........
26.3
38.8
14.0
27.1
22.9
23.6
28.7
29.4
20.7
24.5
33.1
25.6
34.0
31.4
More
than
an
hour
a
day
Reading
for
pleasure
..............
55.4
53.1
57.7
56.3
51.0
53.5
54.4
59.3
51.6
55.0
58.6
55.0
56.0
62.9
Plays
video
games
.................
13.0
19.2
6.8
11.7
19.9
13.0
13.5
21.1
16.9
13.7
9.4
13.3
10.4
8.9
Five
or
more
hours
on
weekdays
Watches
television
.................
8.4
8.5
8.4
6.4
21.3
9.3
6.4
12.7
12.0
9.4
4.1
8.7
7.9
4.1
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
``
Middle''
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
High''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
survey,
and
``
High
School
and
Beyond,''
First
Followup
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1994.)

Table
147.
 
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
who
participate
in
selected
school­
sponsored
extracurricular
activities,
by
student
characteristics:
1980
and
1992
Student
characteristics
Academic
clubs
Athletics
Cheerleading
and
drill
team
Newspaper
or
yearbook
Music,
drama,
debate
Vocational
clubs
1980
1992
1980
1992
1980
1992
1980
1992
1980
1992
1980
1992
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
seniors
..............................
25.6
25.1
51.8
42.9
15.1
7.5
19.9
18.8
36.5
27.9
23.1
17.7
Male
....................................
20.3
22.8
64.0
55.3
4.5
2.0
15.4
14.0
28.4
23.0
19.1
14.7
Female
................................
30.9
27.4
40.6
30.3
24.8
13.0
24.0
23.5
44.0
32.7
26.7
20.6
Race/
ethnicity
White
...................................
25.0
25.8
51.6
44.1
14.9
7.4
20.1
19.7
35.8
28.1
22.3
17.6
Black
...................................
33.1
20.6
54.4
41.4
17.6
10.6
17.8
14.3
43.2
32.2
30.1
22.5
Hispanic
..............................
24.2
22.6
49.4
35.3
12.3
6.6
15.8
16.8
31.1
22.3
27.3
16.4
Asian
...................................
26.6
32.3
48.8
45.2
14.6
5.1
21.4
18.9
36.6
25.8
9.6
8.8
Test
performance
quartile
Lowest
test
quartile
.............
24.6
18.1
46.3
40.3
15.0
8.5
14.6
12.0
31.8
23.3
33.0
25.0
Middle
2
test
quartiles
........
24.3
23.3
49.4
42.3
16.0
7.6
18.7
17.1
35.6
26.5
24.2
20.0
Highest
test
quartile
............
29.0
37.1
54.0
49.0
13.5
7.9
27.1
27.9
43.4
35.2
12.4
11.4
Socioeconomic
status
1
Low
quartile
........................
24.6
19.4
43.2
33.9
13.0
6.7
15.7
14.2
31.0
24.1
30.6
24.8
Middle
2
quartiles
...............
24.3
24.5
52.1
41.7
15.9
8.0
19.2
17.5
35.8
27.8
24.1
18.5
High
quartile
........................
29.0
31.7
61.7
53.9
15.6
7.7
25.3
25.5
43.8
31.6
13.4
9.3
Region
Northwest
............................
19.6
23.1
54.5
48.6
11.5
6.9
24.6
28.3
34.5
28.4
10.6
8.1
Midwest
...............................
21.4
25.4
52.8
45.8
15.3
8.0
18.4
18.2
37.1
32.0
20.0
18.4
South
...................................
30.8
28.2
48.2
38.8
18.0
8.5
18.8
15.0
37.9
25.6
40.0
27.2
West
....................................
21.9
21.6
52.9
40.6
14.0
6.0
16.8
16.5
35.2
25.6
15.8
10.0
High
school
program
2
General
...............................
19.6
18.3
49.9
37.8
14.0
7.1
16.7
14.6
34.5
26.3
22.6
16.7
Academic
............................
28.7
34.2
60.1
50.8
17.2
8.8
26.9
24.9
44.1
32.8
13.1
12.6
Vocational
...........................
23.1
14.7
42.4
30.1
13.3
4.9
13.2
11.2
27.7
16.2
39.3
41.2
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
middle
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
high''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.
2
Program
as
reported
by
student.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
High
School
and
Beyond,''
Senior
Cohort;
and
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1996.)
157
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
DRUGS
AND
VIOLENCE
Table
148.
 
Percentage
of
students
in
grades
9
through
12
who
reported
experience
with
drugs
and
violence
on
school
property,
by
race/
ethnicity,
grade,
and
sex:
1995
and
1997
Type
of
violence
or
drug­
related
behavior
1995
1997
Total
Total
Race/
ethnicity
Grade
White
Black
Hispanic
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Felt
too
unsafe
to
go
to
school
1
Total
.................................................................
4.5
4.0
2.4
6.8
7.2
5.5
4.0
4.2
2.6
Male
..............................................................
4.7
4.1
2.3
7.5
6.8
5.2
4.0
5.0
2.3
Female
..........................................................
4.3
3.9
2.5
6.1
7.7
5.8
3.9
3.2
3.0
Carried
a
weapon
on
school
property
1,2
Total
.................................................................
9.8
8.5
7.8
9.2
10.4
10.2
7.7
9.4
7.0
Male
..............................................................
14.3
12.5
12.3
10.7
15.6
14.5
11.1
14.6
10.1
Female
..........................................................
4.9
3.7
2.1
7.8
4.3
5.4
3.5
3.1
3.0
Threatened
or
injured
with
a
weapon
on
school
property
3
Total
.................................................................
8.4
7.4
6.2
9.9
9.0
10.1
7.9
5.9
5.8
Male
..............................................................
10.9
10.2
8.2
14.0
12.7
13.7
10.1
9.0
8.4
Female
..........................................................
5.8
4.0
3.7
5.8
4.6
6.1
5.2
2.3
2.5
In
a
physical
fight
on
school
property
3
Total
.................................................................
15.5
14.8
13.3
20.7
19.0
21.3
17.0
12.5
9.5
Male
..............................................................
21.0
20.0
19.1
24.6
24.7
29.3
21.6
17.8
13.1
Female
..........................................................
9.6
8.6
5.9
17.0
12.3
12.4
11.3
6.2
4.9
Property
stolen
or
deliberately
damaged
on
school
property
3
Total
.................................................................
34.9
32.9
32.6
34.0
32.1
36.9
35.4
32.3
27.9
Male
..............................................................
41.4
36.1
35.7
37.5
33.4
39.8
39.7
36.2
30.0
Female
..........................................................
28.0
29.0
28.6
30.6
30.6
33.7
30.0
27.5
25.4
Cigarette
use
on
school
property
1
Total
.................................................................
16.0
14.6
15.8
8.8
11.9
14.0
14.4
15.8
14.1
Male
..............................................................
16.8
15.9
16.5
12.4
15.3
15.9
15.5
16.2
16.1
Female
..........................................................
15.1
13.0
14.9
5.5
7.7
11.8
13.2
15.2
11.6
Smokeless
tobacco
use
on
school
property
4
Total
.................................................................
6.3
5.1
6.5
1.4
3.3
5.2
3.2
5.6
6.0
Male
..............................................................
11.2
9.0
11.3
2.5
5.8
9.5
5.7
9.8
10.6
Female
..........................................................
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.6
0.1
Alcohol
use
on
school
property
1
Total
.................................................................
6.3
5.6
4.8
5.6
8.2
5.9
4.6
6.0
5.9
Male
..............................................................
7.2
7.2
6.3
7.3
8.7
6.3
5.6
7.9
8.8
Female
..........................................................
5.3
3.6
2.9
4.0
7.6
5.3
3.2
3.8
2.2
Marijuana
use
on
school
property
1
Total
.................................................................
8.8
7.0
5.8
9.1
10.4
8.1
6.4
7.9
5.7
Male
..............................................................
11.9
9.0
7.3
13.0
14.1
9.6
8.2
10.2
8.2
Female
..........................................................
5.5
4.6
3.9
5.4
5.9
6.5
4.2
5.2
2.6
Offered,
sold,
or
given
an
illegal
drug
on
school
property
3
Total
.................................................................
32.1
31.7
31.0
25.4
41.1
31.4
33.4
33.2
29.0
Male
..............................................................
38.8
37.4
36.1
34.6
46.8
34.5
40.0
38.8
36.4
Female
..........................................................
24.8
24.7
24.5
16.7
34.4
28.0
25.3
26.4
19.6
1
On
one
or
more
of
the
30
days
preceding
the
survey.
2
Such
as
a
gun,
knife,
or
club.
3
One
or
more
times
during
the
12
months
preceding
the
survey.
4
Used
chewing
tobacco
or
snuff
during
1
of
the
30
days
preceding
the
survey.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention,
CDC
Surveillance
Summaries,
August
14,
1998,
MMWR
1998;
47
(
No.
SS­
3).
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)

Table
149.
 
Percent
of
12­
to
17­
year­
olds
reporting
drug
use
during
the
past
30
days
and
the
past
year:
1982
to
1996
Type
of
drug
and
frequency
use
1982
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Percent
reporting
drug
use
during
past
30
days
Any
illicit
use
............................................................................................
 
13.2
8.1
7.1
5.8
5.3
5.7
8.2
10.9
9.0
Marijuana
.............................................................................................
9.9
10.2
5.4
4.4
3.6
3.4
4.0
6.0
8.2
7.1
Cocaine
................................................................................................
1.9
1.5
1.2
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.6
Alcohol
.....................................................................................................
34.9
41.2
33.4
32.5
27.0
20.9
23.9
21.6
21.1
18.8
Cigarettes
................................................................................................
 
29.4
22.7
22.4
20.9
18.4
18.5
18.9
20.2
18.3
Percent
reporting
drug
use
during
past
year
Any
illicit
use
............................................................................................
 
20.7
14.9
14.1
13.1
10.4
11.9
15.5
18.0
16.7
Marijuana
.............................................................................................
17.7
16.7
10.7
9.6
8.5
6.9
8.5
11.4
14.2
13.0
Cocaine
................................................................................................
3.7
3.4
2.5
1.9
1.3
1.0
0.7
1.1
1.7
1.4
Alcohol
.....................................................................................................
46.1
52.7
45.5
41.8
41.2
33.3
35.9
36.2
35.1
32.7
Cigarettes
................................................................................................
 
29.9
26.8
26.2
23.7
21.4
22.5
24.5
26.6
24.2
 
Data
not
available,
or
low
precision;
no
estimate
reported.

NOTE.
 
Due
to
changes
in
the
survey
instrument
and
administration
and
to
improve
comparability
with
new
data,
estimates
for
1982
through
1993
have
been
adjusted
and
may
differ
from
those
reported
in
previous
years.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
Substance
Abuse
and
Mental
Health
Services
Administration,
``
Preliminary
Estimates
from
the
1996
National
Household
Survey
on
Drug
Abuse,''
1997.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
158
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
DRUG
USE
Table
150.
 
Percent
of
high
school
seniors
reporting
drug
use,
by
type
of
drug
and
frequency
of
use:
1975
to
1997
Type
of
drug
and
frequency
of
use
Class
of
1975
Class
of
1980
Class
of
1982
Class
of
1983
Class
of
1984
Class
of
1985
Class
of
1986
Class
of
1987
Class
of
1988
Class
of
1989
Class
of
1990
Class
of
1991
Class
of
1992
Class
of
1993
Class
of
1994
Class
of
1995
Class
of
1996
Class
of
1997
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Percent
reporting
having
ever
used
drugs
Alcohol
1
................................
90.4
93.2
92.8
92.6
92.6
92.2
91.3
92.2
92.0
90.7
89.5
88.0
87.5
80.0
80.4
80.7
79.2
81.7
Any
illicit
drug
........................
55.2
65.4
64.4
62.9
61.6
60.6
57.6
56.6
53.9
50.9
47.9
44.1
40.7
42.9
45.6
48.4
50.8
 
Marijuana
only
..................
19.0
26.7
23.3
22.5
21.3
20.9
19.9
20.8
21.4
19.5
18.5
17.2
15.6
16.2
18.0
20.3
22.3
 
Any
illicit
drug
other
than
marijuana
2
.....................
36.2
38.7
41.1
40.4
40.3
39.7
37.7
35.8
32.5
31.4
29.4
26.9
25.1
26.7
27.6
28.1
28.5
 
Use
of
selected
drugs
Cocaine
............................
9.0
15.7
16.0
16.2
16.1
17.3
16.9
15.2
12.1
10.3
9.4
7.8
6.1
6.1
5.9
6.0
7.1
8.7
Heroin
...............................
2.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.3
0.9
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.1
LSD
...................................
11.3
9.3
9.6
8.9
8.0
7.5
7.2
8.4
7.7
8.3
8.7
8.8
8.6
10.3
10.5
11.7
12.6
13.6
Marijuana/
hashish
............
47.3
60.3
58.7
57.0
54.9
54.2
50.9
50.2
47.2
43.7
40.7
36.7
32.6
35.3
38.2
41.7
44.9
49.6
PCP
..................................
 
9.6
6.0
5.6
5.0
4.9
4.8
3.0
2.9
3.9
2.8
2.9
2.4
2.9
2.8
2.7
4.0
 
Percent
reporting
use
of
drugs
in
the
past
12
months
Alcohol
1
................................
84.8
87.9
86.8
87.3
86.0
85.6
84.5
85.7
85.3
82.7
80.6
77.7
76.8
72.7
73.0
73.7
72.5
74.8
Any
illicit
drug
........................
45.0
53.1
49.4
47.4
45.8
46.3
44.3
41.7
38.5
35.4
32.5
29.4
27.1
31.0
35.8
39.0
40.2
 
Marijuana
only
..................
18.8
22.7
19.3
19.0
17.8
18.9
18.4
17.6
17.4
15.4
14.6
13.2
12.2
13.9
17.8
19.6
20.4
 
Any
illicit
drug
other
than
marijuana
2
.....................
26.2
30.4
30.1
28.4
28.0
27.4
25.9
24.1
21.1
20.0
17.9
16.2
14.9
17.1
18.0
19.4
19.8
20.7
Use
of
selected
drugs
Cocaine
............................
5.6
12.3
11.5
11.4
11.6
13.1
12.7
10.3
7.9
6.5
5.3
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.9
5.5
Heroin
...............................
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.6
1.1
1.0
1.2
LSD
...................................
7.2
6.5
6.1
5.4
4.7
4.4
4.5
5.2
4.8
4.9
5.4
5.2
5.6
6.8
6.9
8.4
8.8
8.4
Marijuana/
hashish
............
40.0
48.8
44.3
42.3
40.0
40.6
38.8
36.3
33.1
29.6
27.0
23.9
21.9
26.0
30.7
34.7
35.8
38.5
PCP
..................................
 
4.4
2.2
2.6
2.3
2.9
2.4
1.3
1.2
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.6
 
Percent
reporting
use
of
drugs
in
the
past
30
days
Alcohol
1
................................
68.2
72.0
69.7
69.4
67.2
65.9
65.3
66.4
63.9
60.0
57.1
54.0
51.3
48.6
50.1
51.3
50.8
52.7
Any
illicit
drug
........................
30.7
37.2
32.5
30.5
29.2
29.7
27.1
24.7
21.3
19.7
17.2
16.4
14.4
18.3
21.9
23.8
24.6
 
Marijuana
only
..................
15.3
18.8
15.5
15.1
14.1
14.8
13.9
13.1
11.3
10.6
9.2
9.3
8.1
10.4
13.1
13.8
15.1
 
Any
illicit
drug
other
than
marijuana
2
.....................
15.4
18.4
17.0
15.4
15.1
14.9
13.2
11.6
10.0
9.1
8.0
7.1
6.3
7.9
8.8
10.0
9.5
 
Use
of
selected
drugs
Cocaine
............................
1.9
5.2
5.0
4.9
5.8
6.7
6.2
4.3
3.4
2.8
1.9
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
Heroin
...............................
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.5
LSD
...................................
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.9
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.6
4.0
2.5
3.1
Marijuana/
hashish
............
27.1
33.7
28.5
27.0
25.2
25.7
23.4
21.0
18.0
16.7
14.0
13.8
11.9
15.5
19.0
21.2
21.9
23.7
PCP
..................................
 
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.6
1.3
0.6
0.3
1.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.0
0.7
0.6
1.3
 
1
Survey
question
changed
in
1993;
data
are
not
comparable
to
figures
for
earlier
years.
2
Other
illicit
drugs
include
any
use
of
hallucinogens,
cocaine,
and
heroin,
or
any
use
of
other
opiates,
stimulants,
sedatives,
or
tranquilizers
not
under
a
doctor's
orders.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
A
revised
questionnaire
was
used
in
1982
and
later
years
to
reduce
the
inappropriate
reporting
of
nonprescription
stimulants.
This
slightly
reduced
the
positive
responses
for
some
types
of
drug
abuse.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
Alcohol,
Drug
Abuse,
and
Mental
Health
Administration,
Drug
Use
Among
American
High
School
Students
and
Other
Young
Adults,
National
Trends
Through
1988;
and
press
releases
dated
January
1992,
April
1993,
and
January
1994;
and
University
of
Michigan,
Institute
for
Social
Research
Monitoring
the
Future,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)

Table
151.
 
Percent
of
students
(
grades
7
to
12)
who
feel
that
certain
problems
are
very
serious:
1996
Student
characteristics
Tight
groups
of
friends
that
do
not
talk
to
one
another
Hostile
or
threatening
remarks
between
groups
of
students
Threats
or
destructive
acts,
other
than
physical
fights
Turf
battles
between
different
groups
of
students
Physical
fights
between
members
of
different
groups
of
friends
Gang
violence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
All
students
.....................................................................
10
25
24
21
26
26
Location
Urban
..............................................................................
11
32
33
30
33
36
Suburban
.........................................................................
11
22
20
18
24
21
Rural
................................................................................
8
20
19
13
20
17
Sex
Male
................................................................................
10
24
23
21
26
25
Female
............................................................................
10
27
26
21
27
26
School
level
7th
and
8th
grades
..........................................................
9
32
28
24
32
31
9th
through
12th
grades
.................................................
11
22
22
20
23
23
Race/
ethnicity
White
...............................................................................
9
22
21
16
22
19
African
American
.............................................................
12
36
33
32
37
40
Hispanic
..........................................................................
13
33
32
33
34
41
SOURCE:
Metropolitan
Life/
Louis
Harris
Associates,
Inc.,
The
Metropolitan
Life
Survey
of
The
American
Teacher,
1996.
Part
I.
``
Students
Voice
Their
Opinions
On:
Violence,
Social
Tension
and
Equality
Among
Teens.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
159
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ATTENDANCE
Table
152.
 
Ages
for
compulsory
school
attendance,
special
education
services
for
students,
policies
for
kindergarten
programs,
and
year­
round
schools,
by
state:
1997
and
1995
State
Compulsory
attendance,
1997
Compulsory
special
education
services
1997
1
Year­
round
schools,
1995
Provision
of
kindergarten
education,
1995
Has
policy
on
year­
round
schools
Has
districts
with
yearround
schools
School
districts
required
to
offer
Attendance
required
Half
day
Full
day
Half
day
Full
day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Alabama
....................
7
to
16
3
to
21
X
X
Alaska
........................
2
7
to
16
3
to
21
X
Arizona
......................
3
6
to
16
3
to
21
X
X
X
X
Arkansas
....................
5
to
17
3
to
21
X
X
X
X
California
...................
6
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
X
Colorado
....................
7
to
16
4
3
to
20
X
Connecticut
................
7
to
16
3
to
20
X
Delaware
...................
5
to
16
3
to
20
X
District
of
Columbia
...
5
to
18
5
3
to
21
X
X
Florida
........................
6
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
X
X
Georgia
......................
7
to
16
3
to
21
X
X
Hawaii
........................
6
6
to
18
3
to
20
X
Idaho
..........................
7
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
Illinois
.........................
7
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
X
Indiana
.......................
7
7
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
Iowa
...........................
6
to
16
Birth
to
20
Kansas
.......................
7
to
16
3
to
20
Kentucky
....................
8
6
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
Louisiana
...................
7
to
17
3
to
21
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maine
.........................
7
to
17
3
to
19
Maryland
....................
5
to
16
Birth
to
20
X
Massachusetts
...........
6
to
16
3
to
21
X
Michigan
....................
6
to
16
Birth
to
25
Minnesota
..................
9
7
to
16
Birth
to
20
X
X
X
Mississippi
.................
6
to
17
3
to
20
X
X
Missouri
.....................
7
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
X
Montana
.....................
10
7
to
16
3
to
18
X
Nebraska
...................
7
to
16
Birth
to
20
X
Nevada
......................
7
to
17
3
to
21
X
X
New
Hampshire
.........
6
to
16
3
to
20
New
Jersey
................
6
to
16
3
to
21
New
Mexico
...............
5
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
X
New
York
...................
11
6
to
16
3
to
21
X
X
North
Carolina
...........
7
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
North
Dakota
.............
7
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
X
X
Ohio
...........................
6
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
X
Oklahoma
..................
5
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
X
Oregon
.......................
7
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
Pennsylvania
.............
8
to
17
3
to
20
X
Rhode
Island
.............
6
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
South
Carolina
...........
12
5
to
17
4
3
to
21
X
X
X
South
Dakota
.............
10
6
to
16
3
to
21
X
X
X
Tennessee
.................
7
to
17
3
to
21
X
X
X
Texas
.........................
6
to
17
3
to
21
X
X
X
X
Utah
...........................
6
to
18
3
to
21
X
X
X
X
Vermont
.....................
7
to
16
3
to
21
Virginia
.......................
5
to
18
2
to
21
X
X
X
X
X
Washington
................
13
8
to
18
3
to
20
X
West
Virginia
.............
6
to
16
3
to
20
X
X
Wisconsin
..................
14
6
to
18
4
3
to
20
Wyoming
....................
7
to
16
4
3
to
20
X
1
Most
states
have
an
upper
age
limit
whereby
education
is
provided
up
to
a
certain
age
or
completion
of
secondary
school,
whichever
comes
first.
2
Ages
7
to
16
or
high
school
graduation.
3
Ages
6
to
16
or
tenth
grade
completion.
4
Upper
age
limit
for
eligibility
has
been
updated
for
1997.
5
State
has
established
two
points
in
the
program
year
by
which
children
must
be
3
years
of
age
to
be
eligible
for
services.
6
Students
over
the
age
of
16
may
withdraw
with
the
approval
of
a
principal
and
student's
guardians,
and
if
an
alternative
education
program
exists.
7
From
age
7
until
student
(
1)
graduates;
(
2)
between
age
16
to
18
and
meets
requirements
for
exit
interview
before
graduation;
or
(
3)
reaches
18.
Withdrawal
before
18
requires
parent/
guardian
and
principal
written
permission.
8
Must
have
parental
signature
for
leaving
school
between
ages
16
to
18.
9
Age
18
takes
effect
in
2000.
10
Age
16
or
completion
of
eighth
grade.
11
Ages
6
to
17
for
New
York
City
and
Buffalo.
12
Permits
parental
waiver
of
kindergarten
at
age
5.
13
Or
can
exit
if
age
16
or
older,
has
a
useful
occupation,
has
met
graduation
requirements
or
has
a
certificate
of
education
competency.
14
Ages
6
to
18
or
high
school
graduation.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
The
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
(
EHA)
Amendments
of
1986
make
it
mandatory
for
all
states
receiving
EHA
funds
to
serve
all
3­
to
18­
year­
old
disabled
children

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services,
The
Eighteenth
Annual
Report
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act,
1996;
National
Association
of
State
Directors
of
Special
Education,
Inc.,
unpublished
data;
Education
Commission
of
the
States,
``
Clearinghouse
Notes,''
March
1997;
and
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers,
State
Education
Policies
on
Student
Attendance
and
Use
of
Time:
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1997.)
160
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
ATTENDANCE
Table
153.
 
Tenth­
and
12th­
graders'
attendance
patterns,
by
selected
student
and
school
characteristics:
1990
and
1992
Attendance
pattern
All
students
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
1
Control
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Low
Middle
High
Public
Catholic
Other
private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Percent
of
10th
graders
in
1990
Number
of
days
missed
first
half
of
current
school
year
None
...............................................
14.3
17.1
11.6
13.0
21.2
12.5
23.1
12.0
13.1
15.0
14.9
14.0
18.3
15.1
1
or
2
days
.....................................
23.2
24.9
21.5
22.8
27.2
20.6
28.6
12.5
20.0
23.0
26.6
22.6
26.4
33.6
3
or
4
days
.....................................
27.7
27.1
28.3
28.8
24.5
25.0
23.9
33.7
25.3
27.6
29.5
27.9
26.6
27.7
5
or
more
days
...............................
34.8
30.9
38.7
35.4
27.1
41.9
24.4
41.9
41.6
34.3
29.0
35.4
28.8
23.5
Number
of
times
late
first
half
of
current
school
year
None
...............................................
25.2
25.4
24.9
27.8
17.8
17.8
22.0
18.6
23.9
25.7
26.6
25.3
27.7
17.9
1
or
2
days
.....................................
38.2
38.1
38.3
38.0
41.1
36.7
39.7
31.3
37.4
38.6
38.2
37.8
39.8
44.6
3
or
more
days
...............................
36.7
36.6
36.8
34.2
41.1
45.5
38.3
50.1
38.7
35.7
35.2
36.9
32.4
37.5
Cut
classes
Never
or
almost
never
...................
84.8
83.5
86.2
85.8
86.5
75.8
87.1
81.4
82.3
84.5
89.0
84.0
95.2
90.9
At
least
sometimes
........................
15.2
16.5
13.8
14.2
13.5
24.2
12.9
18.6
17.7
15.5
11.0
16.0
4.8
9.1
Percent
of
12th
graders
in
1992
Number
of
days
missed
first
half
of
current
school
year
None
...............................................
8.7
10.5
6.9
7.4
15.8
6.9
15.6
11.3
8.7
8.6
8.8
8.6
10.2
9.1
1
or
2
days
.....................................
30.3
30.8
29.9
29.9
31.0
31.6
34.3
22.4
27.5
30.8
31.7
30.2
31.2
32.7
3
to
6
days
.....................................
35.0
35.0
35.1
36.2
31.2
34.4
27.4
37.8
34.0
34.0
37.7
34.8
37.5
37.8
7
or
more
days
...............................
25.9
23.7
28.2
26.5
22.1
27.1
22.7
28.6
29.8
26.6
21.8
26.4
21.1
20.5
Number
of
times
late
first
half
of
current
school
year
None
...............................................
19.0
17.7
20.3
20.6
14.0
14.7
16.2
19.1
19.7
19.0
18.7
19.2
19.5
12.3
1
or
2
days
.....................................
33.5
32.4
34.5
34.4
32.1
28.7
33.8
25.3
32.8
34.2
33.1
33.0
36.4
37.6
3
or
more
days
...............................
47.6
49.9
45.2
45.0
53.9
56.6
50.0
55.6
47.5
46.8
48.2
47.8
44.1
50.1
Cut
classes
Never
or
almost
never
...................
75.6
72.8
78.4
76.5
77.7
67.9
72.7
73.7
76.2
75.6
75.4
74.3
87.1
86.3
At
least
sometimes
........................
24.4
27.2
21.6
23.5
22.3
32.1
27.3
26.3
23.8
24.4
24.6
25.7
12.9
13.7
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income.
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile;
the
``
Middle''
SES
group
is
the
middle
two
quartiles;
and
the
``
High''
SES
group
is
the
upper
quartile.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
First
and
Second
Followup
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1994.)
161
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
154.
 
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
State
1993
1996
First
graduating
class
to
which
these
requirements
apply
Notes
All
courses
All
courses
Subject
areas
English/
language
arts
Social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Physical
education/

health
Electives
Other
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Alabama
Standard
................................
22
24
4
4
4
4
1.5
5.5
1
(.
5
fine
arts;
.5
computer
applications
2000
Students
must
become
computer
literate
through
related
coursework.

Alaska
.........................................
21
21
4
3
2
2
1
9
 
Arizona
........................................
20
20
4
2.5
2
2
0
8
1.5
(.
5
free
enterprise,
1
fine
arts).
1996
State
board
is
required
to
adopt
competency
tests
for
graduation
in
reading,
writing
and
mathematics
(
1996).
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
world
history
and
geography;
1.5
units
in
U.
S.

and
Arizona
Constitutions
and
Arizona
history.
1
Arkansas
Technical
postsecondary
preparatory
..............................
20
21
4
2
3
3
1
3
5
(.
5
oral
communications;
1
vocational
technical;
.5
fine
arts;

seniors
take
at
least
3
academic
courses).
1997
Science
requirements
include
1
unit
in
life
science
and
1
unit
in
physical
science.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
safety
and
.5
unit
in
physical
education.
Physical
education
cannot
exceed
1
unit.
2
College
preparatory
...............
 
21
4
3
3
3
1
3
4
(.
5
oral
communication;
.5
fine
arts;
seniors
take
at
least
3
academic
courses).
1988
Science
requirements
include
1
unit
in
life
science
and
1
unit
in
physical
science.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
safety
and
.5
unit
in
physical
education.
Physical
education
cannot
exceed
1
unit.
1,2
California
Standard
................................
13
13
3
3
2
2
2
 
1
(
includes
foreign
language
or
American
Sign
Language
or
visual
and
performing
arts).
1989
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.

history
and
geography,
1
unit
in
world
history,

culture
and
geography,
.5
unit
American
government,

and
.5
unit
economics.
Science
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
biological
and
1
unit
in
physical
science.
3
Colorado
.....................................
 
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
 
 
(
1,3)

Connecticut
.................................
20
20
4
3
3
2
1
1
6
1988
Electives
could
be
in
arts
or
vocational
education.

Delaware
Standard
(
1997,
1998)
...........
19
19
4
3
2
2
1.5
6.5
 
1997
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
1
unit
in
physical
education.

Standard
(
1999)
.....................
 
20
4
3
2
2
1.5
6.5
1
(
computer
literacy);
students
must
become
computer
literate
through
formal
class
or
related
coursework.
1999
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
1
unit
in
physical
education.

Standard
(
2000)
.....................
 
22
4
3
3
3
1.5
 
7.5
(
1
computer
literacy;
students
must
become
computer
literate
through
formal
class
or
related
coursework;
3
Career
Pathway
4;
3.5
additional
academic
coursework).
2000
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
1
unit
in
physical
education.

District
of
Columbia
....................
23.5
23.5
4
3.5
3
3
1.5
3.5
5
(
2
foreign
language;
1
life
skills;
1
career/
vocational;
.5
fine
arts;
.5
music).
1996
D.
C.
requires
100
hours
of
community
service
without
credit.

Florida
.........................................
24
24
4
2.5
3
3
1
9
1.5
(.
5
economics;
1
practical
arts
or
exploratory
career
education
 
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
American
history,
1
unit
in
world
history
and
.5
unit
in
American
government.
Two
science
units
must
have
a
laboratory
component.
The
physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
life
management
skills
and
.5
units
in
physical
education.
1,2
Georgia
Standard
................................
21
21
4
3
3
3
1
6
1
(
computer
technology
and/
or
fine
arts
and/
or
vocational
education
and/
or
junior
ROTC).
1997
Students
who
completed
4
units
of
vocational
education
in
addition
to
requirements
receive
a
state
seal
of
endorsement.
Mathematics
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
algebra.
1,2
162
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
154.
 
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
 
Continued
State
1993
1996
First
graduating
class
to
which
these
requirements
apply
Notes
All
courses
All
courses
Subject
areas
English/
language
arts
Social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Physical
education/

health
Electives
Other
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Advanced
...............................
21
21
4
3
3
3
1
4
3
(
2
foreign
language;
1
fine
arts,

vocational
education,
computer
technology,
or
ROTC).
 
(
1,2)

Hawaii
Standard
................................
22
22
4
4
3
3
2
6
 
1997
Physical
education
includes
1
unit
in
health
and
guidance
and
1
unit
in
physical
education.
10th
grade
students
take
the
Hawaii
State
Test
of
Essential
Competencies
(
HSTEC).

Recognition
diploma
..............
 
24
4
4
3
3
2
6
2
(
foreign
language,
performing/

fine
arts,
or
vocational
education
1997
Physical
education
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
health
and
guidance
and
1
unit
in
physical
education
10th
grade
students
take
Hawaii
State
of
Essential
Competencies
(
HSTEC).

Idaho
...........................................
21
21
4
2
2
2
1.5
6
3.5
(.
5
reading;
.5
speech;
.5
consumer
education;
2
humanities
Practical
arts
may
substitute
for
1
of
the
2
units
in
the
humanities).
1997
State
requires
a
C
average,
demonstrated
competency
in
core
curriculum
on
a
junior
class
competency
test
or
adherence
to
a
local
district's
achievement
plan
for
graduation.
History
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.
history
and
1
unit
in
American
government.
Both
science
units
must
include
a
laboratory
component.
The
physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
1
unit
in
physical
education.

Illinois
..........................................
16
16
3
2
2
1
4.5
2.25
1.25
(
1
from
music,
art,
foreign
language
which
includes
American
Sign
Language,
or
vocational
education;
.25
from
consumer
education).
1995
1
year
of
mathematics
may
be
computer
technology.

Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.

history
or
.5
unit
in
U.
S.
history
and
.5
unit
in
American
government.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
education.
2
Indiana
Standard
................................
19.5
19.5
4
2
2
2
1.5
8
 
1989
State
does
not
use
standard
Carnegie
units.
Tenth
grade
exit
exam
begins
with
the
class
of
1999
 
2000.
1
Academic
honors
...................
24
24
4
3
4
4
1
4
or
5
3
or
4
in
foreign
language
(
3
years
of
1
language
or
2
years
in
2
languages)
1990
State
does
not
use
standard
Carnegie
units.
Tenth
grade
exit
exam
begins
with
the
class
of
1999
 
2000.
1
Iowa
............................................
 
 
 
1.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
All
students
must
participate
in
physical
education
unless
they
qualify
under
certain
exceptions.
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.
history
and
.5
unit
in
American
government.
1,3
Kansas
........................................
21
21
4
3
2
2
1
9
 
 
Students
are
required
to
take
a
course
in
Kansas
history
or
government
(
consisting
of
a
minimum
of
9
weeks
and
1,800
minutes)
in
grades
7
 
12.

English
language
arts
requirement
includes
3
units
in
English.
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
American
history
and
.5
unit
in
American
government
1
Kentucky
Standard
................................
20
20
4
2
3
2
1
8
 
1987
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.

history.
The
physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
.5
unit
in
physical
education

Commonwealth
......................
22
22
5
2
3
2
1
8
1
foreign
language
in
advanced
placement.
1993
Completion
of
1
exam
in
at
least
3
of
the
advanced
placement
classes
(
science
or
mathematics,

foreign
language
and
English)
is
required.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
.5
unit
in
physical
education.
163
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
154.
 
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
 
Continued
State
1993
1996
First
graduating
class
to
which
these
requirements
apply
Notes
All
courses
All
courses
Subject
areas
English/
language
arts
Social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Physical
education/

health
Electives
Other
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Louisiana
Standard
................................
23
23
4
3
3
3
2
7.5
.5
computer
literacy
1987
With
an
ACT
score
of
29
or
above,
3.5
GPA
or
above
with
no
semester
grade
lower
than
a
B,
and
no
unexcused
absences
or
suspensions,
students
may
receive
a
Scholar
Program
Seal
on
their
diploma
1,2
Regents
program
...................
24
24
4
3.5
3
3
2
4.5
4
(
3
foreign
language;
1
fine
arts).
1983
(
1,2)

Maine
..........................................
16
16
4
2
2
2
1.5
3.5
1
fine
arts
1989
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
American
history
and
1
unit
in
American
government.

One
science
unit
must
include
a
laboratory
component
Students
must
pass
computer
proficiency
standards.
1
Maryland
.....................................
21
21
4
3
3
2
1
5
3
(
1
fine
arts;
1
industrial
arts/

technology
education,
home
economics,
vocational
education
or
computer
studies;

and
1
community
service).
1997
(
2)

Massachusetts
............................
 
 
 
1
 
 
4
 
 
 
American
history
is
required.
1,2,3
Michigan
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1993
A
competency
exam
is
optional
for
students
wanting
an
endorsed
diploma.
Students
must
receive
instruction
on
U.
S.
and
Michigan
history
and
take
a
semester
of
civics.
3
Minnesota
...................................
20
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2000
(
1,2)

Mississippi
..................................
18
18
4
2
2
2
 
8
 
1989
One
science
unit
must
include
a
laboratory
component
2
Missouri
Standard
................................
22
22
3
2
2
2
1
10
2
(
1
practical
arts;
1
fine
arts).
1988
Local
districts
may
add
to
the
requirements.

College
preparatory
certificate
24
24
4
3
3
2
1
9
2
(
1
practical
arts;
1
fine
arts).
1988
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
American
history.
One
science
unit
must
include
a
laboratory
component.
Of
the
9
elective
units,
3
core
electives
are
selected
from
foreign
language,

English
social
studies,
mathematics,
science
or
fine
arts.
A
GPA
of
3.0
and
SAT
of
1014
or
enhanced
ACT
of
21
is
required.

Montana
......................................
20
20
4
2
2
2
1
7
2
(
1
fine
arts;
1
vocational/

practical
arts).
1989
Nebraska
....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1991
The
state
does
not
use
standard
Carnegie
units.
3
Nevada
.......................................
22.5
22.5
4
2
2
2
2.5
8.5
1.5
(
1
arts
and
humanities;
.5
computer
literacy).
1992
Computer
literacy
course
requirement
may
be
waived
by
demonstration
of
competency.
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
American
government
and
1
unit
American
history.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
2
units
in
physical
education.
1,2
New
Hampshire
..........................
19.75
19.75
4
2
2
2
1.25
7
1.5
(.
5
arts;
.5
computer
education
.5
basic
business
and
economics).
1989
The
social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.

and
New
Hampshire
history
and
1
elective
unit.

Science
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
physical
and
1
unit
in
biological
science.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.25
unit
in
health
and
1
unit
in
physical
education.
3
New
Jersey
.................................
21.5
21.5
4
3
3
2
4
4
1.5
(
1
fine,
practical,
or
performing
arts;
.5
career
education).
1990
110
credit
hours
are
required
for
graduation.
(
The
state
does
not
use
standard
Carnegie
units.)

Social
studies
requirement
includes
2
units
in
U.
S.

history
and
1
unit
in
world
history/
cultures.
Science
unit
may
be
either
natural
or
physical
science.
The
state
allows
credit
for
college
coursework.
1,2
164
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
154.
 
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
 
Continued
State
1993
1996
First
graduating
class
to
which
these
requirements
apply
Notes
All
courses
All
courses
Subject
areas
English/
language
arts
Social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Physical
education/

health
Electives
Other
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
New
Mexico
................................
23
23
4
3
3
2
1
9
1
communication
skills
1990
One
science
unit
must
have
a
laboratory
component.

Social
studies
requirement
includes
government
and
economics,
world
history
and
geography,
and
U.
S.
history
and
geography.
2
New
York
Standard
................................
18.5
20.5
 
4
 
 
2.5
2
4
(
1
art
and/
or
music;
3
second
language).
1989
Social
studies
requirement
includes
U.
S.
history
and
government.
2
Regents
diploma
....................
18.5
18.5
4
4
2
2
2.5
3
to
5
1
(
foreign
language,
art
and/
or
music,
occupational,
technical
or
home
economics
education
2000
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
2
physical
education.
Physical
education
courses
may
not
be
included
toward
the
18.5
units
required
for
graduation.
One
science
credit
must
include
a
laboratory
component.
The
3
to
5
elective
units
are
chosen
from
a
specified
sequence
of
courses.
2
North
Carolina
Standard
................................
20
20
4
2
2
2
1
9
 
1987
One
science
class
must
include
a
laboratory
component
2
Scholars
program
..................
22
22
4
3
3
3
1
4
4
(
2
foreign
language;
2
additional
credits
from
English,

mathematics,
science,
social
science,
or
foreign
language).
1994
One
science
class
must
include
a
laboratory
component
2
North
Dakota
..............................
17
17
4
3
2
2
1
5
 
1994
The
social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
world
history
and
geography
and
1
unit
in
U.
S.

history
and
geography.
A
unit
of
higher
level
foreign
language
may
be
substituted
for
the
fourth
unit
of
English.
3
Ohio
............................................
18
18
3
2
2
1
1
9
3
(
total
units
in
a
subject
area
other
than
language
arts/

English
must
be
taken
to
complete
a
``
minor'').
1988
(
1,2)

Oklahoma
Standard
................................
20
21
4
2
3
2
0
8
2
(
1
fine/
performing
arts;
1
citizenship
skills).
2000
(
1)

College
preparatory
...............
15
15
4
2
3
2
0
 
4
(
3
units
chosen
from
foreign
language,
computer
science,

English,
mathematics,
history,

sociology,
science,
speech,
or
psychology;
1
unit
from
economics
geography,

government
or
non­
Western
culture.
1996
(
1)

Oregon
........................................
22
22
3
3.5
2
2
2
8
1.5
(.
5
career
development;
1
applied
arts,
or
foreign
language
1988
Students
receive
an
honors
diploma
for
a
GPA
of
3.5
or
higher.

Pennsylvania
..............................
21
21
4
3
3
3
1
5
2
credits
in
arts,
humanities
or
computer
science
1989
Students
must
achieve
52
state
academic
performances
and
locally
developed
outcomes.

Rhode
Island
Standard
................................
16
16
4
2
2
2
 
6
 
1989
College
preparatory
...............
18
18
4
2
3
2
 
4
3
(
2
credits
in
foreign
language;

.5
computer,
.5
arts).
 
165
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
154.
 
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
 
Continued
State
1993
1996
First
graduating
class
to
which
these
requirements
apply
Notes
All
courses
All
courses
Subject
areas
English/
language
arts
Social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Physical
education/

health
Electives
Other
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
South
Carolina
Technical
preparatory
............
20
24
4
3
4
3
1
3
6
(
4
credits
in
occupational
specialty
2
in
foreign
language).
2000
Students
must
complete
an
occupational
specialty
program
consisting
of
four
sequential
units
of
instruction
in
a
career
major.
Students
must
demonstrate
keyboarding
proficiency
and
computer
literacy
before
high
school
graduation.
The
social
studies
requirement
includes
1
world
history
or
geography
1
unit
in
U.
S.
history;
.5
unit
in
U.
S.

government
and
.5
unit
in
economics.
2
Dual
Path
...............................
22
24
4
4
4
4
1
1
6
(
4
occupational
specialty;
2
foreign
language).
2000
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
world
history;
1
unit
in
world
geography;
1
unit
in
U.
S.

history;
.5
unit
in
U.
S.
government;
and
.5
unit
in
economics.
2
College
preparatory
...............
 
24
4
4
4
4
1
4
3
credits
in
foreign
language
 
Proficiency
in
computer
keyboarding/
computer
literacy
is
required
for
graduation.
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
world
history;
1
unit
in
world
geography;
1
unit
in
U.
S.
history;
.5
unit
in
U.
S.
government;
and
.5
unit
in
economics.
2
South
Dakota
..............................
20
20
4
3
2
2
 
8
1
(.
5
computer
studies;
.5
fine
arts).
1989
Language
arts/
English
requirement
includes
1.5
units
in
writing,
.5
unit
in
American
literature,
.5
unit
in
literature
and
.5
unit
in
speech.
Social
studies
requirement
includes
1
unit
in
U.
S.
history,
.5
unit
in
U.
S.
government
and
.5
unit
in
geography.
Both
science
units
must
include
a
laboratory.

Tennessee
Technical
preparatory
............
20
20
4
3
3
3
1
2
4
(
program
of
study
focusing
on
a
particular
technical
area).
1989
Exit
exam
with
no
passing
standards
is
required
before
graduation;
it
is
used
to
assess
readiness
for
workplace
or
higher
education.

University
preparatory
............
20.5
20
4
3
3
3
1
3
3
(
2
in
foreign
language;
1
fine
art)
1989
Exit
exam
with
no
passing
standards
is
required
before
graduation;
it
is
used
to
assess
readiness
for
workplace
or
higher
education.

Texas
Standard
(
1998)
.....................
21
22
4
2
3
2
2
7
2
(.
5
economics/
free
enterprise;

.5
speech;
1
technology
application
1998
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
1.5
units
in
physical
education.
2
Standard
(
2000)
.....................
22
24
4
4
3
3
2
3
5
(
3
foreign
language;
1
technology
application;
1
fine
arts).
2000
Students
must
choose
one
of
the
three­
credit
additional
options
for
electives.
College
Board
advanced
placement
and
International
Baccalaureate
courses
may
be
substituted
for
requirements
in
appropriate
proficiency
areas
to
receive
dual
credits
for
college
coursework.
Physical
education
requirement
includes
.5
unit
in
health
and
1.5
units
in
physical
education.
Social
studies
requirement
includes
economics.

Utah
............................................
24
24
3
3
2
2
2
9.5
2.5
(
1.5
arts;
1
applied
technical
education
or
occupational
preparation).
1988
Students
may
accumulate
credits
more
quickly
than
peers
and
be
eligible
to
receive
a
Centennial
Scholarship
for
Early
Graduation
to
be
applied
to
college
tuition.
1,3
Vermont
......................................
14.5
14.5
4
3
0
to
5
0
to
5
1.5
 
1
arts
1989
A
total
of
5
credits
are
required
in
mathematics
and
science.

Virginia
Standard
................................
21
21
4
3
2
2
2
6
2
(
1
additional
mathematics
or
science;
1
fine
or
practical
arts).
1989
(
2)

Advanced
studies
..................
23
23
4
3
3
3
2
4
4
(
3
foreign
language;
1
fine
or
practical
arts).
 
(
2)
166
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
154.
 
State
requirements
for
high
school
graduation,
in
Carnegie
units:
1993
and
1996
 
Continued
State
1993
1996
First
graduating
class
to
which
these
requirements
apply
Notes
All
courses
All
courses
Subject
areas
English/
language
arts
Social
studies
Mathematics
Science
Physical
education/

health
Electives
Other
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Washington
.................................
19
19
3
2.5
2
2
2
5.5
2
(
1
occupational
education;
1
fine/
visual
or
performing
arts).
1991
(
1)

West
Virginia
Standard
(
1989)
.....................
21
21
4
3
2
2
2
8
 
1989
Electives
must
be
from
applied
arts,
fine
or
performing
arts,
or
a
foreign
language.

Standard
(
2002)
.....................
21
21
4
3
2
2
2
7
1
art,
music,
theater
or
dance
2002
Wisconsin
...................................
13
21.5
4
3
2
2
2
 
 
1989
Grades
9
 
12
need
1.5
units
of
physical
education
and
grades
7
 
12
need
.5
unit
of
health.
1,3
Wyoming
.....................................
18
18
4
3
2
2
 
5
 
1997
(
3)

1
State
allows
dual
credit
for
college
coursework.

2
Minimum
competency
test
is
required.

3
Local
boards
determine
at
least
some
requirements.

4
A
Career
Pathway
is
a
planned
program
of
sequenced
or
specialized
courses
designed
to
develop
knowledge
and
skills
in
a
particular
career
area.
Students
may
use
the
Additional
Academic
Coursework
(
visual
and
performing
arts,
foreign
language
and/
or
vocational
technical
education
coursework,
including
Junior
ROTC)
as
an
option,
to
pursue
individual
academic
interests.
The
credits
in
these
two
categories
will
eventually
replace
the
elective
credits.

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Local
school
districts
frequently
have
other
graduation
requirements
in
addition
to
state
requirements.

SOURCE:
Education
Commission
of
the
States,
Clearinghouse
Notes,
``
Minimum
High
School
Graduation
Requirements
November
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
167
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
REGULATIONS
Table
155.
 
States
using
minimum­
competency
testing,
by
government
level
setting
standards,
grade
levels
assessed,
and
expected
uses
of
standards:
1995
 
96
State
Grade
levels
assessed
Expected
uses
Student
diagnosis
or
placement
1
Improvement
of
instruction
1
Program
evaluation
1
Student
diagnosis
or
placement
2
Student
promotion
2
High
school
graduation
2
Student
awards
or
recognition
3
Public
school
performance
reporting
3
Accreditation
3
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Alabama
.......................
3
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
Alaska
..........................
4,8,11
X
X
Arizona
.........................
4,7,10
X
X
X
X
Arkansas
......................
4,5,7,10,11
X
X
X
X
California
......................
9
 
12
4
X
X
Colorado
5
....................
Connecticut
..................
4,6,8,10
X
X
X
X
X
X
Delaware
......................
3,5,8,10
X
X
X
Florida
..........................
4,8,10,11
X
X
X
Georgia
........................
K,
3,5,8,11,12
X
X
X
X
X
Hawaii
..........................
3,6,8,10
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
Idaho
............................
3
 
11
X
X
Illinois
...........................
3,4,6
 
8,10,11
X
Indiana
.........................
3,6,10
X
X
X
X
X
X
Iowa
5
...........................

Kansas
.........................
3
 
5,7,8,10
X
X
X
X
X
Kentucky
......................
4,8,11,12
X
X
X
Louisiana
.....................
K,
3
 
7,10,11
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Maine
...........................
4,8,11
X
X
X
Maryland
......................
3,5,7
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
(
6)

Massachusetts
.............
4,8,10
X
X
Michigan
......................
4,5,7,8,11
X
X
X
X
X
X
(
7)
Minnesota
5
..................
Mississippi
...................
4
 
9,11
X
X
X
X
X
X
(
6)
Missouri
.......................
3,5,6,8,10,11
8
X
X
X
X
Montana
.......................
4,8,11
X
X
Nebraska
5
...................
Nevada
........................
4,8,11,12
X
X
X
X
X
New
Hampshire
...........
3,6,10
X
X
New
Jersey
..................
8,11,12
X
X
X
X
X
New
Mexico
.................
1
 
6,8,10
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
(
6)
New
York
.....................
3
 
6,8
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
(
7,9)
North
Carolina
.............
3
 
10
X
X
X
X
X
North
Dakota
...............
3,6,8,11
X
X
X
X
Ohio
.............................
4,6,8
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
Oklahoma
....................
3,5
 
9,11,12
X
X
X
X
X
Oregon
.........................
3,5,8,11
X
X
X
Pennsylvania
...............
5,6,8,9,11
8
X
X
X
Rhode
Island
...............
4,8,10
X
X
X
South
Carolina
.............
3
 
11
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(
6)

South
Dakota
...............
4,8,11
X
X
Tennessee
...................
2
 
9,11
X
X
X
X
X
(
7)
Texas
...........................
3
 
8,10
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Utah
.............................
1
 
12
4
X
X
X
X
X
Vermont
.......................
4,8,10
4
X
X
X
X
Virginia
.........................
4,6
 
12
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Washington
..................
4,8,11
X
X
X
X
West
Virginia
...............
1
 
11
X
X
(
6)
Wisconsin
....................
3,4,8,10
X
X
Wyoming
......................
9
 
12
8
X
X
1
Testing
program
is
for
instructional
purposes.
2
Testing
program
is
for
the
purpose
of
student
accountability.
3
Testing
program
is
for
school
accountability.
4
Inclusion
is
voluntary
for
students,
schools
or
school
districts
for
one
or
more
grades.
5
States
did
not
administer
any
statewide
assessments
for
the
1995
 
96
school
year.
6
High
school
skills
guarantee.
7
Endorsed
diploma.
8
A
sample
of
students
is
tested
for
one
or
more
grades.

9
Honors
diploma.

SOURCE:
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers,
North
Central
Regional
Educational
Laboratory,
``
Annual
Survey
of
State
Student
Assessment
Programs,
Fall
1996.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
168
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
156.
 
States
requiring
testing
for
initial
certification
of
teachers,
by
authorization,
year
enacted,
year
effective,
and
test
used:
1990
and
1998
State
Assessment
for
certification
1990
Assessment
for
certification
1998
Basic
skills
exam
Knowledge
of
teaching
exam
Subject
matter
exam
Assessment
of
teaching
performance
Basic
skills
exam
Subject
matter
exam
General
knowledge
exam
Knowledge
of
teaching
exam
Assessment
of
teaching
performance
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Alabama
....................................
(
1)
X
X
X
Alaska
.......................................
Arizona
......................................
X
X
X
Arkansas
...................................
X
X
X
X
X
California
...................................
X
X
X
X
X
Colorado
...................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
Connecticut
...............................
X
X
X
X
X
Delaware
...................................
X
X
District
of
Columbia
..................
X
X
X
X
Florida
.......................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Georgia
.....................................
X
X
X
X
Hawaii
.......................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Idaho
.........................................
X
X
Illinois
........................................
X
X
X
X
Indiana
......................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Iowa
..........................................
X
X
X
X
Kansas
......................................
X
X
X
X
Kentucky
...................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
Louisiana
..................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Maine
........................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
Maryland
...................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Massachusetts
..........................
(
2)
(
1)
Michigan
....................................
X
X
(
3)
Minnesota
.................................
X
X
Mississippi
.................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Missouri
.....................................
X
(
1)
X
Montana
....................................
X
X
X
Nebraska
...................................
X
X
Nevada
.....................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
New
Hampshire
........................
X
X
New
Jersey
...............................
X
X
(
4)
New
Mexico
..............................
X
X
X
X
X
New
York
..................................
X
X
North
Carolina
...........................
X
(
1)
X
North
Dakota
.............................
(
1)
X
X
Ohio
5
........................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oklahoma
..................................
X
X
X
X
Oregon
......................................
X
X
X
X
X
(
6)
X
X
(
7)
Pennsylvania
.............................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rhode
Island
.............................
X
X
X
X
X
X
South
Carolina
..........................
X
X
X
x
X
South
Dakota
............................
X
x
X
Tennessee
................................
X
X
x
X
X
X
Texas
........................................
X
X
X
x
X
Utah
..........................................
X
Vermont
....................................
Virginia
......................................
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Washington
...............................
X
(
1)
West
Virginia
8
..........................
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wisconsin
..................................
X
X
Wyoming
...................................

1
For
admission
to
program.

2
Test
required
for
foreign
language,
bilingual,
and
English
as
a
Second
Language.

3
Elementary
certificate
exam
(
subject­
area
exam).

4
For
elementary
education.

5
Test
requirements
set
by
local
school
districts.

6
Specialty
area
exams.

7
For
Oregon
graduates.
8
Required
for
individuals
entering
West
Virginia­
approved
education
programs
as
of
fall
1985.

SOURCE:
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers,
``
State
Education
Indicators,
1990;''
and
National
Association
of
State
Directors
of
Teacher
Education
and
Certification,
``
The
NASDTEC
Manual,
1996
 
1997
and
1998
 
1999:
Manual
on
Certification
&
Preparation
of
Educational
Personnel
in
the
United
States
&
Canada.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
169
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
157.
 
Revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
source
of
funds:
1919
 
20
to
1995
 
96
School
year
In
thousands
Percentage
distribution
Total
Federal
State
Local
(
including
intermediate)
1
Total
Federal
State
Local
(
including
intermediate)
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1919
 
20
....................................
$
970,121
$
2,475
$
160,085
$
807,561
100.0
0.3
16.5
83.2
1929
 
30
....................................
2,088,557
7,334
353,670
1,727,553
100.0
0.4
16.9
82.7
1939
 
40
....................................
2,260,527
39,810
684,354
1,536,363
100.0
1.8
30.3
68.0
1941
 
42
....................................
2,416,580
34,305
759,993
1,622,281
100.0
1.4
31.4
67.1
1943
 
44
....................................
2,604,322
35,886
859,183
1,709,253
100.0
1.4
33.0
65.6
1945
 
46
....................................
3,059,845
41,378
1,062,057
1,956,409
100.0
1.4
34.7
63.9
1947
 
48
....................................
4,311,534
120,270
1,676,362
2,514,902
100.0
2.8
38.9
58.3
1949
 
50
....................................
5,437,044
155,848
2,165,689
3,115,507
100.0
2.9
39.8
57.3
1951
 
52
....................................
6,423,816
227,711
2,478,596
3,717,507
100.0
3.5
38.6
57.9
1953
 
54
....................................
7,866,852
355,237
2,944,103
4,567,512
100.0
4.5
37.4
58.1
1955
 
56
....................................
9,686,677
441,442
3,828,886
5,416,350
100.0
4.6
39.5
55.9
1957
 
58
....................................
12,181,513
486,484
4,800,368
6,894,661
100.0
4.0
39.4
56.6
1959
 
60
....................................
14,746,618
651,639
5,768,047
8,326,932
100.0
4.4
39.1
56.5
1961
 
62
....................................
17,527,707
760,975
6,789,190
9,977,542
100.0
4.3
38.7
56.9
1963
 
64
....................................
20,544,182
896,956
8,078,014
11,569,213
100.0
4.4
39.3
56.3
1965
 
66
....................................
25,356,858
1,996,954
9,920,219
13,439,686
100.0
7.9
39.1
53.0
1967
 
68
....................................
31,903,064
2,806,469
12,275,536
16,821,063
100.0
8.8
38.5
52.7
1969
 
70
....................................
40,266,923
3,219,557
16,062,776
20,984,589
100.0
8.0
39.9
52.1
1970
 
71
....................................
44,511,292
3,753,461
17,409,086
23,348,745
100.0
8.4
39.1
52.5
1971
 
72
....................................
50,003,645
4,467,969
19,133,256
26,402,420
100.0
8.9
38.3
52.8
1972
 
73
....................................
52,117,930
4,525,000
20,699,752
26,893,180
100.0
8.7
39.7
51.6
1973
 
74
....................................
58,230,892
4,930,351
24,113,409
29,187,132
100.0
8.5
41.4
50.1
1974
 
75
....................................
64,445,239
5,811,595
27,060,563
31,573,079
100.0
9.0
42.0
49.0
1975
 
76
....................................
71,206,073
6,318,345
31,602,885
33,284,840
100.0
8.9
44.4
46.7
1976
 
77
....................................
75,322,532
6,629,498
32,526,018
36,137,018
100.0
8.8
43.2
48.0
1977
 
78
....................................
81,443,160
7,694,194
35,013,266
38,735,700
100.0
9.4
43.0
47.6
1978
 
79
....................................
87,994,143
8,600,116
40,132,136
39,261,891
100.0
9.8
45.6
44.6
1979
 
80
....................................
96,881,165
9,503,537
45,348,814
42,028,813
100.0
9.8
46.8
43.4
1980
 
81
....................................
105,949,087
9,768,262
50,182,659
45,998,166
100.0
9.2
47.4
43.4
1981
 
82
....................................
110,191,257
8,186,466
52,436,435
49,568,356
100.0
7.4
47.6
45.0
1982
 
83
....................................
117,497,502
8,339,990
56,282,157
52,875,354
100.0
7.1
47.9
45.0
1983
 
84
....................................
126,055,419
8,576,547
60,232,981
57,245,892
100.0
6.8
47.8
45.4
1984
 
85
....................................
137,294,678
9,105,569
67,168,684
61,020,425
100.0
6.6
48.9
44.4
1985
 
86
....................................
149,127,779
9,975,622
73,619,575
65,532,582
100.0
6.7
49.4
43.9
1986
 
87
....................................
158,523,693
10,146,013
78,830,437
69,547,243
100.0
6.4
49.7
43.9
1987
 
88
....................................
169,561,974
10,716,687
84,004,415
74,840,873
100.0
6.3
49.5
44.1
1988
 
89
....................................
192,016,374
11,902,001
91,768,911
88,345,462
100.0
6.2
47.8
46.0
1989
 
90
....................................
208,547,573
12,700,784
98,238,633
97,608,157
100.0
6.1
47.1
46.8
1990
 
91
....................................
223,340,537
13,776,066
105,324,533
104,239,939
100.0
6.2
47.2
46.7
1991
 
92
....................................
234,581,384
15,493,330
108,783,449
110,304,605
100.0
6.6
46.4
47.0
1992
 
93
....................................
247,626,168
17,261,252
113,403,436
116,961,481
100.0
7.0
45.8
47.2
1993
 
94
....................................
260,159,468
18,341,483
117,474,209
124,343,776
100.0
7.1
45.2
47.8
1994
 
95
2
..................................
273,149,449
18,582,157
127,729,576
126,837,717
100.0
6.8
46.8
46.4
1995
 
96
....................................
287,702,844
19,104,019
136,670,754
131,928,071
100.0
6.6
47.5
45.9
1
Includes
a
relatively
small
amount
from
nongovernmental
private
sources
(
gifts
and
tuition
and
transportation
fees
from
patrons).
These
sources
accounted
for
2.6
percent
of
total
revenues
in
1995
 
96.
2
Revised
from
previously
published
figures.

NOTE.
 
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
revenues
for
state
education
agencies
are
excluded.
Beginning
in
1988
 
89,
data
reflect
new
survey
collection
procedures
and
may
not
be
entirely
comparable
with
figures
for
earlier
years.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
170
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
158.
 
Revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
source
and
state:
1995
 
96
[
Amounts
in
thousands
of
dollars]

State
or
other
area
Total
Federal
State
Local
and
intermediate
Private
1
Amount
Percent
of
total
Amount
Percent
of
total
Amount
Percent
of
total
Amount
Percent
of
total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
................................
$
287,702,844
$
19,104,019
6.6
$
136,670,754
47.5
$
124,308,202
43.2
$
7,619,869
2.6
Alabama
..............................................
3,771,940
348,717
9.2
2,310,952
61.3
790,919
21.0
321,353
8.5
Alaska
.................................................
1,183,127
130,903
11.1
782,559
66.1
239,553
20.2
30,112
2.5
Arizona
................................................
4,151,421
375,299
9.0
1,829,488
44.1
1,850,818
44.6
95,817
2.3
Arkansas
.............................................
2,204,845
188,064
8.5
1,322,273
60.0
580,387
26.3
114,121
5.2
California
.............................................
30,858,564
2,742,893
8.9
17,207,011
55.8
10,546,059
34.2
362,602
1.2
Colorado
..............................................
3,804,992
200,537
5.3
1,665,138
43.8
1,811,053
47.6
128,263
3.4
Connecticut
.........................................
4,786,247
177,394
3.7
1,819,099
38.0
2,656,280
55.5
133,474
2.8
Delaware
.............................................
822,226
54,837
6.7
547,837
66.6
207,183
25.2
12,369
1.5
District
of
Columbia
.............................
675,409
54,405
8.1
 
 
617,760
91.5
3,244
0.5
Florida
.................................................
13,214,948
972,473
7.4
6,422,329
48.6
5,317,562
40.2
502,583
3.8
Georgia
...............................................
7,627,823
520,690
6.8
3,956,281
51.9
3,005,940
39.4
144,911
1.9
Hawaii
.................................................
1,201,888
94,261
7.8
1,079,096
89.8
5,294
0.4
23,238
1.9
Idaho
...................................................
1,179,927
83,787
7.1
758,538
64.3
316,851
26.9
20,750
1.8
Illinois
..................................................
12,290,140
745,113
6.1
3,359,525
27.3
7,898,466
64.3
287,036
2.3
Indiana
................................................
6,191,534
319,237
5.2
3,362,035
54.3
2,312,251
37.3
198,012
3.2
Iowa
.....................................................
3,033,687
154,638
5.1
1,486,472
49.0
1,231,268
40.6
161,308
5.3
Kansas
................................................
2,948,036
160,308
5.4
1,690,101
57.3
1,022,587
34.7
75,040
2.5
Kentucky
.............................................
3,492,890
290,625
8.3
2,280,140
65.3
895,219
25.6
26,906
0.8
Louisiana
.............................................
3,934,998
477,761
12.1
1,978,050
50.3
1,374,937
34.9
104,250
2.6
Maine
..................................................
1,451,987
80,876
5.6
681,853
47.0
673,602
46.4
15,656
1.1
Maryland
.............................................
5,695,850
281,709
4.9
2,175,948
38.2
3,058,142
53.7
180,051
3.2
Massachusetts
....................................
6,772,855
318,591
4.7
2,593,935
38.3
3,749,747
55.4
110,582
1.6
Michigan
..............................................
12,698,697
777,325
6.1
8,483,312
66.8
3,184,072
25.1
253,987
2.0
Minnesota
............................................
5,939,765
253,845
4.3
3,458,503
58.2
2,000,762
33.7
226,655
3.8
Mississippi
...........................................
2,225,798
304,024
13.7
1,285,426
57.8
560,821
25.2
75,527
3.4
Missouri
...............................................
5,263,003
317,991
6.0
2,113,958
40.2
2,618,966
49.8
212,088
4.0
Montana
..............................................
941,538
92,802
9.9
457,958
48.6
350,452
37.2
40,326
4.3
Nebraska
.............................................
1,876,494
104,388
5.6
593,662
31.6
1,067,218
56.9
111,226
5.9
Nevada
................................................
1,554,888
69,857
4.5
497,744
32.0
930,476
59.8
56,810
3.7
New
Hampshire
..................................
1,217,104
40,623
3.3
84,764
7.0
1,060,083
87.1
31,633
2.6
New
Jersey
.........................................
11,882,657
402,135
3.4
4,582,794
38.6
6,615,530
55.7
282,198
2.4
New
Mexico
........................................
1,783,804
216,810
12.2
1,318,739
73.9
209,699
11.8
38,556
2.2
New
York
............................................
25,849,431
1,507,150
5.8
10,261,383
39.7
13,840,857
53.5
240,040
0.9
North
Carolina
.....................................
6,154,971
443,121
7.2
3,971,825
64.5
1,565,289
25.4
174,735
2.8
North
Dakota
.......................................
618,322
71,300
11.5
260,260
42.1
253,276
41.0
33,486
5.4
Ohio
.....................................................
11,794,089
738,880
6.3
4,797,764
40.7
5,775,786
49.0
481,659
4.1
Oklahoma
............................................
2,856,688
266,970
9.3
1,694,433
59.3
738,270
25.8
157,016
5.5
Oregon
................................................
3,366,831
218,785
6.5
1,821,888
54.1
1,203,913
35.8
122,245
3.6
Pennsylvania
.......................................
14,047,905
776,499
5.5
5,589,707
39.8
7,425,427
52.9
256,273
1.8
Rhode
Island
.......................................
1,138,171
57,906
5.1
472,134
41.5
593,824
52.2
14,308
1.3
South
Carolina
....................................
3,697,232
308,082
8.3
1,955,378
52.9
1,271,210
34.4
162,561
4.4
South
Dakota
......................................
717,005
70,519
9.8
213,290
29.7
410,705
57.3
22,491
3.1
Tennessee
..........................................
4,142,148
358,035
8.6
1,985,414
47.9
1,530,085
36.9
268,614
6.5
Texas
..................................................
21,689,792
1,557,597
7.2
9,312,159
42.9
10,246,162
47.2
573,876
2.6
Utah
.....................................................
2,066,218
137,707
6.7
1,209,925
58.6
612,311
29.6
106,275
5.1
Vermont
...............................................
773,448
36,481
4.7
215,275
27.8
501,925
64.9
19,767
2.6
Virginia
................................................
6,826,448
361,752
5.3
2,123,203
31.1
4,106,568
60.2
234,925
3.4
Washington
.........................................
6,327,993
365,988
5.8
4,302,300
68.0
1,464,556
23.1
195,150
3.1
West
Virginia
.......................................
1,990,094
160,084
8.0
1,253,995
63.0
544,803
27.4
31,213
1.6
Wisconsin
............................................
6,304,318
273,225
4.3
2,705,278
42.9
3,192,597
50.6
133,219
2.1
Wyoming
.............................................
662,660
41,022
6.2
339,624
51.3
270,684
40.8
11,331
1.7
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
................................
45,087
34,218
75.9
10,801
24.0
0
 
68
0.2
Guam
..................................................
171,464
19,524
11.4
0
 
150,544
87.8
1,397
0.8
Northern
Marianas
..............................
44,418
11,785
26.5
32,504
73.2
70
0.2
58
0.1
Puerto
Rico
.........................................
1,821,858
536,899
29.5
1,284,218
70.5
256
(
2)
484
(
2)
Virgin
Islands
......................................
142,016
24,495
17.2
0
 
117,434
82.7
87
0.1
1
Includes
revenues
from
gifts,
and
tuition
and
fees
from
patrons.

2
Less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Excludes
revenues
for
state
education
agencies.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1998.)
171
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
159.
 
Revenues
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
source
and
state:
1994
 
95
[
Amounts
in
thousands
of
dollars]

State
or
other
area
Total
Federal
State
Local
and
intermediate
Private
1
Amount
Percent
of
total
Amount
Percent
of
total
Amount
Percent
of
total
Amount
Percent
of
total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
................................
$
273,149,449
$
18,582,157
6.8
$
127,729,576
46.8
$
119,538,294
43.8
$
7,299,422
2.7
Alabama
..............................................
3,541,876
343,927
9.7
2,161,685
61.0
766,020
21.6
270,244
7.6
Alaska
.................................................
1,207,000
129,911
10.8
815,286
67.5
234,263
19.4
27,541
2.3
Arizona
................................................
3,783,285
354,242
9.4
1,664,966
44.0
1,673,192
44.2
90,886
2.4
Arkansas
.............................................
2,175,109
199,163
9.2
1,266,778
58.2
605,499
27.8
103,669
4.8
California
.............................................
28,891,301
2,751,519
9.5
15,670,329
54.2
10,127,054
35.1
342,399
1.2
Colorado
..............................................
3,679,162
193,865
5.3
1,578,428
42.9
1,788,285
48.6
118,585
3.2
Connecticut
.........................................
4,431,603
177,446
4.0
1,748,802
39.5
2,375,694
53.6
129,661
2.9
Delaware
.............................................
745,036
53,885
7.2
479,319
64.3
199,689
26.8
12,143
1.6
District
of
Columbia
.............................
701,300
66,716
9.5
 
 
631,028
90.0
3,556
0.5
Florida
.................................................
12,805,853
971,277
7.6
6,286,323
49.1
5,067,892
39.6
480,362
3.8
Georgia
...............................................
6,965,472
512,456
7.4
3,530,615
50.7
2,785,137
40.0
137,265
2.0
Hawaii
.................................................
1,177,915
86,882
7.4
1,062,296
90.2
6,307
0.5
22,429
1.9
Idaho
...................................................
1,088,596
84,012
7.7
666,387
61.2
318,671
29.3
19,527
1.8
Illinois
..................................................
12,016,320
780,212
6.5
3,361,268
28.0
7,605,409
63.3
269,431
2.2
Indiana
................................................
6,362,528
306,971
4.8
3,391,558
53.3
2,472,119
38.9
191,880
3.0
Iowa
.....................................................
2,881,176
151,225
5.2
1,381,238
47.9
1,182,483
41.0
166,230
5.8
Kansas
................................................
2,883,345
152,757
5.3
1,655,905
57.4
1,002,034
34.8
72,648
2.5
Kentucky
.............................................
3,240,926
301,243
9.3
2,132,169
65.8
782,230
24.1
25,283
0.8
Louisiana
.............................................
3,837,863
458,344
11.9
1,999,368
52.1
1,281,012
33.4
99,139
2.6
Maine
..................................................
1,400,439
79,403
5.7
670,517
47.9
635,247
45.4
15,272
1.1
Maryland
.............................................
5,559,604
279,464
5.0
2,059,241
37.0
3,049,831
54.9
171,068
3.1
Massachusetts
....................................
6,549,468
352,760
5.4
2,376,538
36.3
3,668,716
56.0
151,453
2.3
Michigan
..............................................
11,925,311
734,290
6.2
8,023,133
67.3
2,937,025
24.6
230,863
1.9
Minnesota
............................................
5,606,567
247,964
4.4
2,939,545
52.4
2,210,175
39.4
208,884
3.7
Mississippi
...........................................
2,099,795
310,249
14.8
1,185,185
56.4
532,021
25.3
72,340
3.4
Missouri
...............................................
4,891,384
317,002
6.5
1,892,112
38.7
2,481,121
50.7
201,149
4.1
Montana
..............................................
915,392
91,912
10.0
453,778
49.6
331,846
36.3
37,857
4.1
Nebraska
.............................................
1,797,785
104,608
5.8
582,430
32.4
1,002,900
55.8
107,847
6.0
Nevada
................................................
1,370,529
67,369
4.9
412,904
30.1
837,374
61.1
52,883
3.9
New
Hampshire
..................................
1,149,673
35,169
3.1
83,611
7.3
1,004,110
87.3
26,782
2.3
New
Jersey
.........................................
11,485,382
383,016
3.3
4,361,977
38.0
6,433,765
56.0
306,623
2.7
New
Mexico
........................................
1,695,358
199,231
11.8
1,261,807
74.4
196,841
11.6
37,480
2.2
New
York
............................................
24,889,904
1,196,994
4.8
10,127,462
40.7
13,330,601
53.6
234,847
0.9
North
Carolina
.....................................
5,940,519
443,701
7.5
3,867,413
65.1
1,463,703
24.6
165,702
2.8
North
Dakota
.......................................
592,329
73,249
12.4
249,273
42.1
238,440
40.3
31,367
5.3
Ohio
.....................................................
11,024,539
714,840
6.5
4,410,699
40.0
5,433,715
49.3
465,286
4.2
Oklahoma
............................................
2,767,709
260,760
9.4
1,644,176
59.4
715,199
25.8
147,575
5.3
Oregon
................................................
3,294,014
224,139
6.8
1,521,760
46.2
1,442,103
43.8
106,011
3.2
Pennsylvania
.......................................
13,271,164
746,601
5.6
5,325,072
40.1
6,943,281
52.3
256,210
1.9
Rhode
Island
.......................................
1,091,960
60,256
5.5
447,397
41.0
571,750
52.4
12,557
1.1
South
Carolina
....................................
3,450,203
299,232
8.7
1,598,971
46.3
1,399,989
40.6
152,010
4.4
South
Dakota
......................................
691,685
69,162
10.0
183,552
26.5
418,328
60.5
20,643
3.0
Tennessee
..........................................
3,908,306
348,729
8.9
1,855,784
47.5
1,443,757
36.9
260,036
6.7
Texas
..................................................
19,678,883
1,511,000
7.7
7,908,524
40.2
9,712,168
49.4
547,191
2.8
Utah
.....................................................
1,940,247
133,543
6.9
1,054,222
54.3
645,245
33.3
107,237
5.5
Vermont
...............................................
753,905
34,424
4.6
224,941
29.8
476,096
63.2
18,445
2.4
Virginia
................................................
6,456,381
368,102
5.7
2,052,415
31.8
3,813,487
59.1
222,377
3.4
Washington
.........................................
5,976,441
357,615
6.0
4,103,287
68.7
1,330,433
22.3
185,106
3.1
West
Virginia
.......................................
1,940,425
156,555
8.1
1,234,701
63.6
520,036
26.8
29,134
1.5
Wisconsin
............................................
5,985,761
262,315
4.4
2,460,520
41.1
3,139,562
52.5
123,364
2.1
Wyoming
.............................................
632,720
42,453
6.7
303,908
48.0
275,412
43.5
10,947
1.7
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
................................
45,151
37,858
83.8
6,987
15.5
190
0.4
116
0.3
Guam
..................................................
171,866
17,132
10.0
0
 
153,269
89.2
1,465
0.9
Northern
Marianas
..............................
44,122
11,663
26.4
32,321
73.3
54
0.1
85
0.2
Puerto
Rico
.........................................
1,641,580
474,419
28.9
1,166,632
71.1
218
(
2)
311
(
2)
Virgin
Islands
......................................
142,961
25,435
17.8
0
 
117,441
82.1
85
0.1
1
Includes
revenues
from
gifts,
and
tuition
and
fees
from
patrons.

2
Less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Excludes
revenues
for
state
education
agencies.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Some
data
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
172
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
160.
 
Funds
and
staff
for
state
education
agencies,
1
by
source
of
funding
and
state:
1992
 
93
State
Funds
retained
for
state
administration,
by
source,
in
thousands
Total
state
administration
funds
per
student
State
education
agency
(
FTE)
staff,
by
source
of
funds
for
position
Students
per
state
FTE
staff
Total
Federal
(
core
activities
2
Percent
federal
State
and
local
Total
FTE
staff
Federally
supported
(
core
activities
2
State
and
local
supported
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
United
States
3
...............................
$
1,966,453
$
526,847
26.8
$
1,439,606
$
46
28,626
7,054
21,572
1,496
Alabama
..............................................
52,111
13,007
25.0
39,103
71
1,006
127
879
727
Alaska
.................................................
38,461
5,046
13.1
33,414
314
503
44
460
244
Arizona
................................................
19,315
7,460
38.6
11,856
29
362
175
187
1,862
Arkansas
.............................................
17,561
4,204
23.9
13,356
40
290
74
216
1,522
California
.............................................
148,989
52,316
35.1
96,673
28
1,898
419
1,479
2,768
Colorado
.............................................
21,361
5,991
28.0
15,370
35
223
90
133
2,750
Connecticut
.........................................
139,733
11,433
8.2
128,300
286
2,005
196
1,809
244
Delaware
.............................................
10,949
2,578
23.5
8,371
105
128
44
84
817
District
of
Columbia
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Florida
.................................................
56,310
25,470
45.2
30,840
28
688
323
366
2,878
Georgia
...............................................
58,632
9,918
16.9
48,714
49
935
147
788
1,291
Hawaii
.................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Idaho
...................................................
7,346
2,938
40.0
4,408
32
104
45
59
2,224
Illinois
..................................................
42,854
22,092
51.6
20,762
23
746
317
429
2,511
Indiana
................................................
29,220
7,339
25.1
21,880
30
309
132
177
3,109
Iowa
....................................................
20,589
9,582
46.5
11,007
42
226
106
120
2,192
Kansas
................................................
12,701
5,422
42.7
7,279
28
199
83
116
2,269
Kentucky
.............................................
49,745
6,202
12.5
43,542
76
859
105
754
763
Louisiana
.............................................
35,978
13,015
36.2
22,963
45
573
254
320
1,393
Maine
4
................................................
17,356
4,248
24.5
13,109
80
207
90
117
1,046
Maryland
.............................................
42,343
8,737
20.6
33,606
56
556
126
430
1,351
Massachusetts
....................................
30,191
13,557
44.9
16,633
35
368
173
195
2,337
Michigan
..............................................
53,743
15,656
29.1
38,088
34
844
256
588
1,899
Minnesota
...........................................
23,730
9,072
38.2
14,658
30
416
129
287
1,908
Mississippi
...........................................
40,892
5,703
13.9
35,190
81
724
144
580
700
Missouri
...............................................
42,860
8,708
20.3
34,152
50
1,448
132
1,317
593
Montana
..............................................
8,070
3,490
43.2
4,581
50
137
52
85
1,168
Nebraska
.............................................
20,624
5,018
24.3
15,607
73
398
75
323
710
Nevada
................................................
5,305
2,643
49.8
2,662
24
90
47
42
2,491
New
Hampshire
..................................
7,889
2,662
33.7
5,226
44
157
60
97
1,154
New
Jersey
.........................................
65,111
25,857
39.7
39,254
58
1,001
326
675
1,129
New
Mexico
........................................
10,398
3,753
36.1
6,645
33
216
67
149
1,461
New
York
............................................
181,649
47,866
26.4
133,783
68
2,565
567
1,998
1,049
North
Carolina
.....................................
49,298
13,990
28.4
35,308
44
796
144
652
1,399
North
Dakota
.......................................
5,683
3,187
56.1
2,496
48
93
52
41
1,277
Ohio
....................................................
32,879
14,741
44.8
18,139
18
511
242
269
3,513
Oklahoma
............................................
32,178
8,347
25.9
23,831
54
499
98
401
1,196
Oregon
................................................
61,178
15,822
25.9
45,357
120
418
58
360
1,221
Pennsylvania
.......................................
72,979
19,746
27.1
53,233
42
1,134
237
897
1,515
Rhode
Island
.......................................
13,705
4,347
31.7
9,358
95
152
59
93
948
South
Carolina
....................................
87,109
9,130
10.5
77,979
136
946
105
841
677
South
Dakota
......................................
7,419
3,988
53.8
3,430
55
102
42
60
1,324
Tennessee
..........................................
36,778
10,525
28.6
26,253
43
456
100
356
1,876
Texas
..................................................
59,560
18,321
30.8
41,238
17
1,013
358
654
3,498
Utah
....................................................
25,763
6,092
23.6
19,671
56
364
62
302
1,273
Vermont
..............................................
7,348
2,672
36.4
4,675
75
143
65
78
689
Virginia
................................................
29,236
9,830
33.6
19,406
28
371
102
270
2,781
Washington
.........................................
19,472
6,843
35.1
12,629
22
253
88
165
3,542
West
Virginia
.......................................
21,188
5,069
23.9
16,119
67
403
113
289
790
Wisconsin
............................................
87,883
11,377
12.9
76,506
106
692
179
512
1,199
Wyoming
.............................................
4,782
1,837
38.4
2,945
48
100
25
75
1,003
1
Excludes
funds
for
schools
and
school
districts.

2
Core
education
activities
include:
Chapter
1;
Chapter
2;
Special
Education;
Child
Nutrition
Vocational
Education;
Adult
Education;
AIDS
Education;
Civil
Rights
Act;
and
Homeless
Education
Programs.

3
Excludes
District
of
Columbia
and
Hawaii.

4
Excludes
State
Teacher
Retirement
Program.
 
Data
not
available.
FTE=
full­
time
equivalent.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
General
Accounting
Office,
Education
Finance,
Extent
of
Federal
Funding
in
State
Education
Agencies,
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
173
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
161.
 
Summary
of
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
purpose:
1919
 
20
to
1995
 
96
Purpose
of
expenditures
1919
 
20
1929
 
30
1939
 
40
1949
 
50
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1994
 
95
1
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Amounts
in
thousands
of
dollars
Total
expenditures
................
$
1,036,151
$
2,316,790
$
2,344,049
$
5,837,643
$
15,613,255
$
40,683,429
$
95,961,561
$
212,763,564
$
279,000,318
$
293,610,849
Current
expenditures
......................
864,396
1,853,377
1,955,166
4,722,887
12,461,955
34,853,578
87,581,727
191,205,902
249,026,087
259,804,398
Public
elementary
and
secondary
education
.......
861,120
1,843,552
1,941,799
4,687,274
12,329,389
34,217,773
86,984,142
188,223,359
243,877,582
255,079,736
Administration
.................
36,752
78,680
91,571
220,050
528,408
1,606,646
4,263,757
2
16,346,991
2
19,877,848
2
20,697,641
Instruction
.......................
632,556
1,317,727
1,403,285
3,112,340
8,350,738
23,270,158
53,257,937
2
113,550,405
2
150,556,118
2
157,480,290
Plant
operation
................
115,707
216,072
194,365
427,587
1,085,036
2,537,257
3
9,744,785
2
20,261,415
2
24,542,922
2
25,725,984
Plant
maintenance
..........
30,432
78,810
73,321
214,164
422,586
974,941
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
Fixed
charges
.................
9,286
50,270
50,116
261,469
909,323
3,266,920
11,793,934
 
 
 
Other
school
services
4
...................
36,387
101,993
129,141
451,663
1,033,297
2,561,856
7,923,729
2
38,064,548
2
48,900,694
2
51,175,821
Other
current
expenditures
Summer
schools
.............
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
13,263
106,481
24,753
2,982,543
5,148,505
4,724,662
Adult
education
5
.............
3,277
9,825
13,367
35,614
26,858
128,778
 
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
Community
colleges
.......
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
34,492
138,813
 
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
Community
services
.......
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
57,953
261,731
572,832
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)

Capital
outlay
7
...............................
153,543
370,878
257,974
1,014,176
2,661,786
4,659,072
6,506,167
17,781,342
24,456,100
27,547,918
Interest
on
school
debt
...................
18,212
92,536
130,909
100,578
489,514
1,170,782
1,873,666
3,776,321
5,518,131
6,258,534
Percentage
distribution
Total
expenditures,
all
schools
........................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Current
expenditures
......................
83.4
80.0
83.4
80.9
79.8
85.7
91.2
89.9
89.3
88.5
Public
elementary
and
secondary
education
.......
83.1
79.6
82.8
80.3
79.0
84.1
90.6
88.5
87.4
86.9
Administration
.................
3.5
3.4
3.9
3.8
3.4
3.9
4.4
27.7
27.1
27.0
Instruction
.......................
61.0
56.9
59.9
53.3
53.5
57.2
55.5
253.4
254.0
253.6
Plant
operation
................
11.2
9.3
8.3
7.3
6.9
6.2
3
10.2
29.5
28.8
28.8
Plant
maintenance
..........
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.7
2.7
2.4
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
(
3)
Fixed
charges
.................
0.9
2.2
2.1
4.5
5.8
8.0
12.3
 
 
 
Other
school
services
4
...................
3.5
4.4
5.5
7.7
6.6
6.3
8.3
17.9
17.5
17.4
Other
current
expenditures
Summer
schools
.............
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
0.1
0.3
(
8)
1.4
1.8
1.6
Adult
education
5
.............
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.3
 
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
Community
colleges
.......
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
(
5)
0.2
0.3
 
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)
Community
services
.......
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
0.4
0.6
0.6
(
6)
(
6)
(
6)

Capital
outlay
7
...............................
14.8
16.0
11.0
17.4
17.0
11.5
6.8
8.4
8.8
9.4
Interest
on
school
debt
...................
1.8
4.0
5.6
1.7
3.1
2.9
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.1
1
Revised
from
previously
published
data.
2
Data
not
comparable
to
figures
prior
to
1989
 
90.
3
Plant
operation
also
includes
plant
maintenance.
4
Prior
to
1959
 
60,
items
included
under
``
other
school
services''
were
listed
under
``
auxiliary
services,''
a
more
comprehensive
classification
that
also
included
community
services.
5
Prior
to
1959
 
60,
data
shown
for
adult
education
represent
combined
expenditures
for
adult
education,
summer
schools,
and
community
colleges.
6
Included
under
summer
schools.
7
Prior
to
1969
 
70,
excludes
capital
outlay
by
state
and
local
schoolhousing
authorities
8
Less
than
0.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Beginning
in
1959
 
60,
includes
Alaska
and
Hawaii.
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
state
administration
expenditures
were
excluded
from
both
``
total''
and
``
current''
expenditures
Beginning
in
1988
 
89,
extensive
changes
were
made
in
the
data
collection
procedures
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
174
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
162.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
subfunction:
1990
 
91
to
1995
 
96
Items
Expenditures
(
in
thousands)
Percentage
distribution
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
expenditures
........................
$
229,429,715
$
241,054,784
$
252,934,872
$
265,306,634
$
279,000,318
$
293,610,849
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
expenditures
..................
202,037,752
211,210,190
220,948,052
231,542,764
243,877,582
255,079,736
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
Salaries
...................................
1
132,730,931
138,279,377
144,276,674
150,545,401
158,914,976
165,777,514
65.70
65.47
65.30
65.02
65.16
64.99
Employee
benefits
..................
1
33,954,456
36,062,813
39,267,087
41,181,982
43,107,541
44,788,283
16.81
17.07
17.77
17.79
17.68
17.56
Purchased
services
................
1
16,380,643
17,790,523
17,933,497
19,232,698
20,643,153
21,580,618
8.11
8.42
8.12
8.31
8.46
8.46
Tuition
.....................................
1
1,192,505
939,322
967,884
1,231,076
1,476,697
1,590,326
0.59
0.44
0.44
0.53
0.61
0.62
Supplies
..................................
1
14,805,956
14,944,495
16,370,100
17,249,817
17,362,430
18,756,757
7.33
7.08
7.41
7.45
7.12
7.35
Other
.......................................
1
2,973,261
3,193,661
2,132,810
2,101,790
2,372,785
2,586,237
1.47
1.51
0.97
0.91
0.97
1.01
Instruction
...............................
122,223,362
128,475,859
134,971,088
141,620,474
150,556,118
157,480,290
60.50
60.83
61.09
61.16
61.73
61.74
Salaries
...............................
90,742,284
95,018,405
99,089,718
103,506,419
109,702,815
114,585,415
44.91
44.99
44.85
44.70
44.98
44.92
Employee
benefits
..............
22,347,524
23,683,606
26,075,723
27,456,084
29,190,486
30,300,667
11.06
11.21
11.80
11.86
11.97
11.88
Purchased
services
.............
2,722,639
3,348,142
3,357,323
3,421,355
3,823,789
3,825,604
1.35
1.59
1.52
1.48
1.57
1.50
Tuition
.................................
1,192,505
939,322
967,884
1,231,076
1,476,697
1,590,326
0.59
0.44
0.44
0.53
0.61
0.62
Supplies
..............................
4,584,754
4,703,762
5,052,972
5,507,720
5,764,061
6,513,874
2.27
2.23
2.29
2.38
2.36
2.55
Other
...................................
633,656
782,620
427,468
497,820
598,269
664,404
0.31
0.37
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.26
Students
2
...............................
8,926,010
9,226,247
9,760,087
10,946,191
11,679,127
12,243,641
4.42
4.37
4.42
4.73
4.79
4.80
Salaries
...............................
6,565,965
6,791,228
7,134,434
7,998,204
8,519,771
8,863,163
3.25
3.22
3.23
3.45
3.49
3.47
Employee
benefits
..............
1,660,082
1,751,537
1,904,341
2,110,012
2,212,775
2,307,501
0.82
0.83
0.86
0.91
0.91
0.90
Purchased
services
.............
455,996
441,946
489,215
593,522
657,236
687,320
0.23
0.21
0.22
0.26
0.27
0.27
Supplies
..............................
191,482
181,261
195,240
206,352
238,876
247,270
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
Other
...................................
52,485
60,275
36,857
38,101
50,469
138,387
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
Instructional
services
3
...........
8,467,142
8,827,800
9,241,929
9,236,588
9,654,676
10,071,302
4.19
4.18
4.18
3.99
3.96
3.95
Salaries
...............................
5,560,129
5,808,305
6,014,671
5,933,810
6,162,669
6,419,144
2.75
2.75
2.72
2.56
2.53
2.52
Employee
benefits
..............
1,408,217
1,463,736
1,601,713
1,583,597
1,638,271
1,719,563
0.70
0.69
0.72
0.68
0.67
0.67
Purchased
services
.............
622,487
685,654
741,983
785,841
898,500
925,581
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.34
0.37
0.36
Supplies
..............................
776,863
772,096
820,919
860,224
872,394
918,261
0.38
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.36
0.36
Other
...................................
99,445
98,009
62,644
73,116
82,842
88,753
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
General
administration
...........
5,791,253
6,039,397
5,851,983
5,909,692
5,731,420
5,866,480
2.87
2.86
2.65
2.55
2.35
2.30
Salaries
...............................
2,603,562
2,688,515
2,787,145
2,688,481
2,808,090
2,889,160
1.29
1.27
1.26
1.16
1.15
1.13
Employee
benefits
..............
777,381
815,581
846,638
888,209
844,267
828,483
0.38
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.35
0.32
Purchased
services
.............
1,482,427
1,540,476
1,592,937
1,856,065
1,563,558
1,626,177
0.73
0.73
0.72
0.80
0.64
0.64
Supplies
..............................
172,898
158,193
211,727
168,785
177,448
185,831
0.09
0.07
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.07
Other
...................................
754,985
836,633
413,535
308,151
338,056
336,828
0.37
0.40
0.19
0.13
0.14
0.13
School
administration
.............
11,695,344
12,280,680
12,777,815
13,492,502
14,146,428
14,831,161
5.79
5.81
5.78
5.83
5.80
5.81
Salaries
...............................
8,935,903
9,293,958
9,593,613
10,144,727
10,680,024
11,156,461
4.42
4.40
4.34
4.38
4.38
4.37
Employee
benefits
..............
2,257,783
2,410,404
2,615,351
2,738,216
2,796,440
2,963,991
1.12
1.14
1.18
1.18
1.15
1.16
Purchased
services
.............
247,750
277,904
300,288
320,442
358,651
384,909
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
Supplies
..............................
189,711
196,485
207,078
223,794
243,681
256,857
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
Other
...................................
64,197
101,929
61,485
65,323
67,632
68,943
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
Operation
and
maintenance
...
21,290,655
21,889,514
22,823,758
23,875,871
24,542,922
25,725,984
10.54
10.36
10.33
10.31
10.06
10.09
Salaries
...............................
8,849,559
9,143,832
9,384,209
9,768,777
10,117,056
10,456,710
4.38
4.33
4.25
4.22
4.15
4.10
Employee
benefits
..............
2,633,075
2,788,592
2,970,466
3,048,615
3,027,306
3,130,162
1.30
1.32
1.34
1.32
1.24
1.23
Purchased
services
.............
5,721,125
5,830,363
6,013,075
6,451,727
7,261,776
7,699,472
2.83
2.76
2.72
2.79
2.98
3.02
Supplies
..............................
3,761,738
3,807,024
4,262,006
4,399,064
3,927,664
4,214,399
1.86
1.80
1.93
1.90
1.61
1.65
Other
...................................
325,157
319,703
194,002
207,688
209,120
225,240
0.16
0.15
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
Transportation
.........................
8,678,954
8,769,754
9,252,300
9,627,155
9,889,034
10,394,695
4.30
4.15
4.19
4.16
4.05
4.08
Salaries
...............................
3,285,127
3,268,689
3,407,602
3,567,556
3,775,214
3,932,980
1.63
1.55
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.54
Employee
benefits
..............
892,985
965,731
1,063,064
1,107,878
1,138,485
1,207,762
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.47
Purchased
services
.............
3,345,232
3,548,716
3,758,313
3,946,935
4,016,400
4,257,289
1.66
1.68
1.70
1.70
1.65
1.67
Supplies
..............................
961,447
811,781
877,077
854,940
800,344
836,366
0.48
0.38
0.40
0.37
0.33
0.33
Other
...................................
194,163
174,837
146,243
149,847
158,590
160,299
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.06
Other
support
services
4
........
5,587,837
6,088,305
6,207,775
6,318,312
6,708,262
7,039,392
2.77
2.88
2.81
2.73
2.75
2.76
Salaries
...............................
2,900,394
2,890,746
3,192,790
3,164,490
3,286,071
3,450,829
1.44
1.37
1.45
1.37
1.35
1.35
Employee
benefits
..............
980,859
1,153,683
1,088,011
1,109,764
1,136,286
1,182,181
0.49
0.55
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
Purchased
services
.............
798,922
1,149,930
1,045,655
1,141,643
1,262,449
1,363,079
0.40
0.54
0.47
0.49
0.52
0.53
Supplies
..............................
294,527
306,701
327,377
362,838
372,852
398,544
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.15
0.16
Other
...................................
613,135
587,245
553,942
539,576
650,604
644,758
0.30
0.28
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.25
Food
services
.........................
8,430,490
8,821,308
9,263,181
9,774,315
10,268,542
10,648,854
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.22
4.21
4.17
Salaries
...............................
 
3,118,637
3,398,599
3,532,183
3,697,705
3,844,290
 
1.48
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.51
Employee
benefits
..............
 
979,089
1,042,743
1,095,686
1,081,221
1,103,427
 
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.44
0.43
Purchased
services
.............
 
720,018
497,100
556,251
629,266
627,900
 
0.34
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.25
Supplies
..............................
 
3,829,025
4,186,945
4,445,897
4,718,569
4,916,307
 
1.81
1.89
1.92
1.93
1.93
Other
...................................
 
174,539
137,793
144,298
141,782
156,929
 
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
Enterprise
operations
5
...........
946,705
791,326
798,136
741,665
701,053
777,936
0.47
0.37
0.36
0.32
0.29
0.30
Salaries
...............................
 
257,063
273,893
240,754
165,562
179,362
 
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.07
0.07
Employee
benefits
..............
 
50,854
59,038
43,921
42,003
44,546
 
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
Purchased
services
.............
 
247,373
137,608
158,917
171,526
183,287
 
0.12
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
Supplies
..............................
 
178,166
228,758
220,203
246,541
269,047
 
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
Other
...................................
 
57,869
98,840
77,870
75,420
101,694
 
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
Other
current
expenditures
........
3,295,717
4,393,698
4,378,506
4,681,798
5,148,505
4,724,662
 
 
 
 
 
 
Community
services
...............
964,370
1,177,742
1,331,004
1,485,670
1,933,565
1,728,672
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonpublic
school
programs
....
527,609
652,403
644,150
689,888
569,851
781,148
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adult
education
.......................
1,365,523
1,498,962
1,484,057
1,489,405
1,460,149
1,500,438
 
 
 
 
 
 
Community
colleges
...............
5,356
5,136
5,454
7,432
83,573
7,746
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
.......................................
432,858
1,059,455
913,841
1,009,402
1,101,367
706,657
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital
outlay
6
...........................
19,771,478
20,286,977
22,171,768
23,747,021
24,456,100
27,547,918
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
on
school
debt
..............
4,324,768
5,163,919
5,436,547
5,335,050
5,518,131
6,258,534
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Includes
estimated
data
for
subfunctions
of
food
services
and
enterprise
operations.
2
Includes
expenditures
for
guidance,
health,
attendance,
and
speech
pathology
services
3
Includes
expenditures
for
curriculum
development,
staff
training,
libraries,
and
media
and
computer
centers.
4
Includes
business
support
services
concerned
with
paying,
transporting,
exchanging,
and
maintaining
goods
and
services
for
local
education
agencies;
central
support
services
including
planning,
research,
evaluation,
information,
staff,
and
data
processing
services;
and
other
support
services.
5
Includes
expenditures
for
operations
funded
by
sales
of
products
or
services
(
e.
g.,
school
bookstore
or
computer
time).
6
Includes
expenditures
for
property,
and
for
buildings
and
alterations
completed
by
school
district
staff
or
contractors.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Excludes
expenditures
for
state
education
agencies.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
175
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
163.
 
Expenditures
for
instruction
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
subfunction
and
state:
1994
 
95
and
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
or
other
area
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
Total
Salaries
Employee
benefits
Purchased
services
1
Supplies
Tuition
and
other
Total
Salaries
Employee
benefits
Purchased
services
2
Supplies
Tuition
and
other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
....................
$
150,556,118
$
109,702,815
$
29,190,486
$
3,823,789
$
5,764,061
$
2,074,966
$
157,480,290
$
114,585,415
$
30,300,667
$
3,825,604
$
6,513,874
$
2,254,731
Alabama
..................................
1,906,471
1,446,029
335,738
5,645
99,824
19,236
2,032,706
1,489,955
390,938
6,424
116,054
29,335
Alaska
.....................................
574,242
413,383
100,487
18,237
21,514
20,622
591,338
425,755
105,093
20,086
24,152
16,252
Arizona
....................................
1,811,167
1,500,416
238,820
16,547
31,128
24,256
1,921,658
1,588,625
250,336
17,716
34,043
30,938
Arkansas
.................................
1,144,389
868,482
206,954
23,230
35,930
9,793
1,244,145
937,990
218,738
21,679
56,789
8,948
California
.................................
15,549,692
11,038,093
3,262,337
424,379
536,517
288,366
16,333,392
11,551,320
3,354,696
468,228
630,791
328,357
Colorado
.................................
1,970,908
1,508,701
306,238
67,936
80,563
7,470
2,069,222
1,593,451
318,375
64,306
85,769
7,321
Connecticut
.............................
2,721,552
2,004,391
463,152
50,246
64,845
138,919
2,780,996
2,057,312
460,386
52,467
71,058
139,774
Delaware
.................................
431,618
297,607
103,254
7,194
15,843
7,719
447,549
312,457
101,520
8,094
17,805
7,673
District
of
Columbia
................
336,543
239,594
65,979
5,251
3,556
22,163
334,893
231,862
77,487
7,175
6,592
11,778
Florida
.....................................
6,395,934
4,283,275
1,422,087
408,034
209,508
73,030
6,675,272
4,434,224
1,490,753
445,203
234,639
70,453
Georgia
...................................
3,779,713
2,799,934
770,839
39,991
164,184
4,763
4,116,129
3,048,284
836,598
39,620
185,668
5,959
Hawaii
.....................................
636,952
457,861
127,015
18,255
32,471
1,352
651,832
455,415
144,410
16,395
34,274
1,339
Idaho
.......................................
602,232
430,919
130,741
11,204
28,940
428
643,243
455,405
136,112
12,915
38,329
483
Illinois
......................................
6,367,082
4,797,408
1,061,451
120,542
265,284
122,397
6,461,142
4,932,198
1,043,497
111,831
248,470
125,146
Indiana
....................................
3,262,523
2,417,230
697,094
35,344
107,345
5,510
3,412,502
2,483,959
780,886
36,571
105,978
5,108
Iowa
........................................
1,623,942
1,160,673
277,271
56,959
116,398
12,641
1,691,945
1,213,673
289,250
56,097
115,160
17,765
Kansas
....................................
1,387,198
1,108,730
193,070
12,294
67,297
5,807
1,441,539
1,146,381
201,190
16,676
71,936
5,356
Kentucky
.................................
1,787,693
1,423,656
291,715
94
72,209
19
1,942,324
1,511,577
327,707
11,324
87,945
3,770
Louisiana
................................
2,071,476
1,544,288
415,405
19,349
87,321
5,113
2,099,916
1,549,599
433,815
24,462
86,620
5,420
Maine
......................................
859,560
570,803
190,981
24,493
27,895
45,388
882,302
588,364
194,717
25,816
28,448
44,957
Maryland
.................................
3,127,996
2,130,372
729,842
86,737
88,971
92,074
3,263,165
2,205,823
773,588
86,416
91,857
105,482
Massachusetts
........................
3,994,523
2,691,297
728,275
254,433
111,466
209,053
4,275,924
2,837,705
779,970
316,877
121,764
219,608
Michigan
.................................
6,228,315
4,328,190
1,569,832
84,022
210,776
35,495
6,583,062
4,564,918
1,609,270
104,366
259,957
44,551
Minnesota
...............................
2,946,240
2,160,089
579,243
78,764
105,214
22,929
3,095,995
2,265,431
612,068
83,094
111,419
23,984
Mississippi
...............................
1,197,868
891,328
216,101
18,628
65,880
5,931
1,246,654
925,578
219,691
19,743
75,940
5,702
Missouri
..................................
2,597,027
1,969,708
355,700
53,202
207,753
10,663
2,770,426
2,097,350
379,417
57,015
224,149
12,496
Montana
..................................
525,617
379,161
101,394
11,080
31,900
2,082
541,473
390,636
104,118
12,261
31,110
3,347
Nebraska
................................
997,581
732,361
178,023
24,370
40,341
22,484
1,027,617
766,556
173,626
21,174
41,219
25,042
Nevada
...................................
706,132
528,908
144,432
4,552
27,143
1,097
768,352
574,313
157,016
5,916
30,288
819
New
Hampshire
......................
679,079
498,773
97,472
16,606
21,773
44,455
725,558
527,208
106,297
19,404
21,944
50,706
New
Jersey
.............................
6,467,203
4,715,340
1,128,758
51,960
232,132
339,014
6,775,687
4,944,632
1,154,848
62,732
244,773
368,702
New
Mexico
............................
837,029
618,787
158,931
8,022
45,294
5,995
872,133
646,516
163,749
7,055
48,267
6,546
New
York
................................
15,636,396
11,525,744
3,387,241
358,939
361,933
2,539
15,948,326
11,761,851
3,449,781
368,152
365,990
2,551
North
Carolina
........................
3,387,680
2,556,856
623,633
48,461
155,787
2,942
3,479,891
2,606,682
632,459
52,824
183,853
4,073
North
Dakota
..........................
328,461
240,567
60,009
8,896
16,378
2,610
339,950
248,414
61,567
9,122
17,684
3,163
Ohio
........................................
5,960,083
4,362,651
1,182,673
103,167
235,248
76,343
6,200,538
4,526,538
1,219,614
112,421
251,327
90,637
Oklahoma
...............................
1,662,373
1,266,325
261,121
26,166
97,571
11,190
1,680,375
1,270,992
267,052
28,107
102,017
12,207
Oregon
....................................
1,776,148
1,193,420
412,583
59,993
99,712
10,441
1,852,333
1,252,352
412,707
59,774
113,959
13,541
Pennsylvania
..........................
7,460,973
5,049,611
1,591,109
512,608
224,403
83,241
7,922,896
5,600,394
1,747,009
243,952
242,227
89,314
Rhode
Island
..........................
703,185
492,096
156,125
16,358
15,919
22,687
728,417
513,600
156,649
17,361
17,090
23,716
South
Carolina
........................
1,727,214
1,298,160
320,509
27,097
80,175
1,274
1,821,432
1,359,201
337,297
26,578
78,897
19,459
South
Dakota
..........................
376,116
272,643
59,785
11,243
22,634
9,811
370,593
271,138
59,539
10,112
20,677
9,127
Tennessee
..............................
2,285,884
1,740,065
395,947
38,603
104,857
6,413
2,378,112
1,831,373
419,574
38,707
83,313
5,145
Texas
......................................
10,753,150
8,517,213
1,268,868
294,413
606,632
66,025
11,540,336
8,972,744
1,229,981
318,852
943,745
75,014
Utah
........................................
1,089,195
706,401
250,913
16,429
46,339
69,112
1,152,136
749,589
261,557
18,922
56,205
65,863
Vermont
..................................
434,933
306,881
77,637
15,984
13,596
20,835
444,162
316,808
74,167
18,071
14,343
20,774
Virginia
....................................
3,483,576
2,640,491
671,729
48,638
118,633
4,085
3,601,235
2,732,602
690,087
52,615
122,251
3,681
Washington
.............................
3,075,781
2,156,923
670,680
101,440
124,646
22,091
3,225,122
2,286,424
683,795
107,381
122,769
24,753
West
Virginia
..........................
1,090,056
766,359
280,057
11,134
32,343
163
1,122,084
774,557
294,333
11,786
40,989
418
Wisconsin
...............................
3,441,286
2,400,781
800,389
55,545
129,411
55,160
3,591,487
2,499,757
842,192
59,404
133,468
56,667
Wyoming
.................................
358,131
253,841
70,846
11,073
20,630
1,741
360,771
255,926
71,141
12,326
19,864
1,513
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
....................
11,796
8,900
1,386
236
1,065
211
12,456
9,101
1,759
323
1,042
230
Guam
......................................
79,336
65,432
13,237
83
424
161
87,773
67,167
15,226
190
5,190
0
Northern
Marianas
..................
35,613
21,718
6,259
3,678
3,551
407
35,357
22,495
7,229
3,052
2,354
227
Puerto
Rico
.............................
1,093,038
903,531
127,031
11,148
20,234
31,094
1,198,197
979,626
134,208
12,024
28,201
44,138
Virgin
Islands
..........................
69,349
55,563
11,042
572
652
1,520
69,478
55,629
11,283
540
611
1,415
1
Includes
purchased
professional
services
of
teachers
or
others
who
provide
instruction
for
students
and
travel
for
instructional
staff.
NOTE.
 
Excludes
expenditures
for
state
education
agencies.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

Some
1994
 
95
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.

(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
176
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES`

Table
164.
 
Current
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
or
other
area
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
.....................
$
34,217,773
$
86,984,142
$
94,321,093
$
137,164,965
$
146,364,922
$
157,097,951
$
173,098,906
$
188,229,359
Alabama
...................................
422,730
1,146,713
1,393,137
1,761,154
1,775,997
1,873,390
2,188,020
2,275,233
Alaska
......................................
81,374
377,947
476,368
818,219
769,015
756,577
739,020
828,051
Arizona
.....................................
281,941
949,753
1,075,362
1,649,832
1,836,908
2,002,395
2,143,148
2,258,660
Arkansas
..................................
235,083
666,949
709,394
1,085,943
1,118,904
1,211,156
1,319,370
1,404,545
California
..................................
3,831,595
9,172,158
9,936,642
15,040,898
16,512,668
17,402,063
19,417,178
21,485,782
Colorado
..................................
369,218
1,243,049
1,369,883
2,018,579
2,129,964
2,172,563
2,324,625
2,451,833
Connecticut
..............................
588,710
1,227,892
1,440,881
2,144,094
2,414,708
2,748,567
2,984,542
3,444,520
Delaware
..................................
108,747
269,108
270,439
391,558
418,116
440,631
479,327
520,953
District
of
Columbia
.................
141,138
298,448
295,155
406,910
441,135
489,357
584,035
639,983
Florida
......................................
961,273
2,766,468
3,336,657
5,092,668
5,650,083
6,288,977
7,245,515
8,228,531
Georgia
....................................
599,371
1,608,028
1,688,714
2,979,980
3,254,786
3,549,038
4,006,069
4,505,962
Hawaii
......................................
141,324
351,889
395,038
575,456
576,749
608,264
643,319
700,012
Idaho
........................................
103,107
313,927
352,912
492,092
513,011
532,274
570,013
627,794
Illinois
.......................................
1,896,067
4,579,355
4,773,179
6,066,390
6,463,564
6,923,298
7,655,153
8,125,493
Indiana
.....................................
809,105
1,851,292
1,898,194
2,851,080
3,106,616
3,330,525
3,779,468
4,074,578
Iowa
.........................................
527,086
1,186,659
1,337,504
1,644,359
1,708,440
1,859,173
1,925,623
2,004,742
Kansas
.....................................
362,593
830,133
958,281
1,423,225
1,486,814
1,568,041
1,712,260
1,848,302
Kentucky
..................................
353,265
1,054,459
1,096,472
1,434,962
1,583,158
1,741,799
1,918,741
2,134,011
Louisiana
..................................
503,217
1,303,902
1,767,692
2,333,748
2,260,393
2,289,241
2,468,307
2,838,283
Maine
.......................................
155,907
385,492
401,355
688,673
760,446
839,860
921,931
1,048,195
Maryland
..................................
721,794
1,783,056
1,937,159
2,634,209
2,845,404
3,128,165
3,505,018
3,894,644
Massachusetts
.........................
907,341
2,638,734
2,794,762
3,403,505
3,744,131
4,098,062
4,516,604
4,760,390
Michigan
...................................
1,799,945
4,642,847
5,196,249
6,184,767
6,427,556
6,913,261
7,492,267
8,025,621
Minnesota
................................
781,243
1,786,768
1,900,322
2,637,722
2,818,390
2,981,209
3,282,296
3,474,398
Mississippi
................................
262,760
756,018
716,878
1,058,301
1,112,535
1,221,560
1,365,846
1,472,710
Missouri
....................................
642,030
1,504,988
1,643,258
2,277,576
2,515,846
2,747,234
3,096,666
3,288,738
Montana
...................................
127,176
358,118
380,092
567,901
583,861
590,226
592,454
641,345
Nebraska
..................................
231,612
581,615
629,017
911,983
948,149
995,235
1,105,009
1,233,431
Nevada
.....................................
87,273
281,901
287,752
495,147
513,014
555,272
628,657
712,898
New
Hampshire
.......................
101,370
295,400
340,518
522,604
589,850
677,507
733,240
821,671
New
Jersey
..............................
1,343,564
3,638,533
3,648,914
5,735,895
6,099,473
6,621,860
7,309,147
8,119,336
New
Mexico
.............................
183,736
515,451
560,213
808,036
865,789
916,305
975,552
1,020,148
New
York
.................................
4,111,839
8,760,500
9,259,948
13,686,039
14,724,687
16,073,392
17,127,596
18,090,978
North
Carolina
..........................
676,193
1,880,862
2,112,417
2,991,747
3,193,337
3,424,194
3,892,971
4,342,826
North
Dakota
............................
97,895
228,483
254,197
379,470
374,941
385,427
431,814
459,391
Ohio
.........................................
1,639,805
3,836,576
4,149,858
5,856,999
6,114,426
6,446,903
7,484,434
7,994,379
Oklahoma
.................................
339,105
1,055,844
1,193,373
1,740,981
1,707,396
1,692,283
1,833,743
1,905,332
Oregon
.....................................
403,844
1,126,812
1,292,624
1,662,372
1,747,125
1,944,657
2,123,241
2,297,944
Pennsylvania
............................
1,912,644
4,584,320
4,955,115
6,750,520
7,176,886
7,679,986
8,579,546
9,496,788
Rhode
Island
............................
145,443
362,046
395,389
569,935
608,318
663,800
747,852
801,908
South
Carolina
.........................
367,689
997,984
1,006,088
1,708,603
1,814,160
1,932,502
2,118,732
2,322,618
South
Dakota
...........................
109,375
238,332
242,215
360,832
368,266
389,436
428,014
447,074
Tennessee
...............................
473,226
1,319,303
1,429,938
1,990,889
2,167,026
2,352,183
2,668,341
2,790,808
Texas
.......................................
1,518,181
4,997,689
5,310,181
9,642,812
10,152,521
10,791,854
11,761,447
12,763,954
Utah
.........................................
179,981
518,251
587,648
906,484
932,740
974,666
1,043,759
1,130,135
Vermont
...................................
78,921
189,811
224,901
346,164
378,264
456,992
485,226
546,901
Virginia
.....................................
704,677
1,881,519
2,045,412
3,183,707
3,444,952
3,793,475
4,151,050
4,621,071
Washington
..............................
699,984
1,825,782
1,791,477
2,702,652
2,808,636
3,005,980
3,209,992
3,550,819
West
Virginia
............................
249,404
678,386
754,889
1,164,882
1,229,069
1,231,966
1,202,486
1,316,637
Wisconsin
.................................
777,288
1,908,523
2,035,879
2,893,797
3,086,878
3,318,247
3,688,311
3,929,920
Wyoming
..................................
69,584
226,067
271,153
488,616
489,825
466,921
491,930
509,084
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.....................
 
 
 
14,997
19,497
20,186
22,314
21,838
Guam
.......................................
16,652
 
 
78,545
78,278
76,359
94,368
101,130
Northern
Marianas
...................
 
 
 
12,556
15,714
19,694
16,118
20,476
Puerto
Rico
..............................
 
 
713,000
842,827
872,050
935,392
1,030,387
1,045,407
Virgin
Islands
...........................
 
 
 
76,751
97,585
89,217
111,750
128,065
177
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
164.
 
Current
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1997
 
98
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
or
other
area
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1
1995
 
96
Estimated
1996
 
97
2
Estimated
1997
 
98
2
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
United
States
......................
$
202,037,752
$
211,210,190
$
220,948,052
$
231,542,764
$
243,877,582
$
255,079,736
3$
269,507,252
3$
281,729,089
Alabama
...................................
2,475,216
2,465,523
2,610,514
2,809,713
3,026,287
3,240,364
4
3,258,021
4
3,322,496
Alaska
......................................
854,499
931,869
967,765
1,002,515
1,020,675
1,045,022
1,086,444
1,119,037
Arizona
.....................................
2,469,543
2,599,586
2,753,504
2,911,304
3,144,540
3,327,969
4
3,683,833
4
3,933,742
Arkansas
..................................
1,510,092
1,656,201
1,703,621
1,782,645
1,873,595
1,994,748
5
1,877,336
4
1,881,863
California
..................................
22,748,218
23,696,863
24,219,792
25,140,639
25,949,033
27,334,639
30,408,173
32,653,391
Colorado
..................................
2,642,850
2,754,087
2,919,916
2,954,793
3,232,976
3,360,529
3,280,342
3,404,995
Connecticut
..............................
3,540,411
3,665,505
3,739,497
3,943,891
4,247,328
4,366,123
4,423,000
4,665,000
Delaware
..................................
543,933
572,152
600,161
643,915
694,473
726,241
817,749
877,779
District
of
Columbia
.................
647,901
677,422
670,677
713,427
666,938
679,106
4
690,673
4
676,222
Florida
......................................
9,045,710
9,314,079
9,661,012
10,331,896
11,019,735
11,480,359
12,028,408
12,566,484
Georgia
....................................
4,804,225
4,856,583
5,273,143
5,643,843
6,136,689
6,629,646
6,583,572
6,807,414
Hawaii
......................................
827,579
884,591
946,074
998,143
1,028,729
1,040,682
1,008,025
1,019,113
Idaho
........................................
708,045
760,440
804,231
859,088
951,350
1,019,594
1,361,500
1,493,400
Illinois
.......................................
8,932,538
9,244,655
9,942,737
10,076,889
10,640,279
10,727,091
12,517,068
12,923,480
Indiana
.....................................
4,379,142
4,544,829
4,797,946
5,064,685
5,243,761
5,493,653
5,758,000
6,046,000
Iowa
.........................................
2,136,561
2,356,196
2,459,141
2,527,434
2,622,510
2,753,425
2,885,589
3,015,440
Kansas
.....................................
1,938,012
2,028,440
2,224,080
2,325,247
2,406,580
2,488,077
2,562,719
2,662,665
Kentucky
..................................
2,480,363
2,709,623
2,823,134
2,952,119
2,988,892
3,171,495
4
3,247,568
2,840,922
Louisiana
..................................
3,023,690
3,188,024
3,199,919
3,309,018
3,475,926
3,545,832
4
3,580,283
4
3,500,590
Maine
.......................................
1,070,965
1,121,360
1,217,418
1,208,411
1,281,706
1,313,759
1,319,479
1,373,578
Maryland
..................................
4,240,862
4,362,679
4,556,266
4,783,023
5,083,380
5,311,207
4,709,060
5,018,597
Massachusetts
.........................
4,906,828
5,035,973
5,281,067
5,637,337
6,062,303
6,435,458
6,789,408
7,162,825
Michigan
...................................
8,545,805
9,156,501
9,532,994
9,816,830
10,440,206
11,137,877
11,441,941
11,754,306
Minnesota
................................
3,740,820
3,936,695
4,135,284
4,328,093
4,622,930
4,844,879
5,077,433
5,321,150
Mississippi
................................
1,510,552
1,536,295
1,600,752
1,725,386
1,921,480
2,000,321
5
2,034,791
2,136,530
Missouri
....................................
3,487,786
3,611,613
3,710,426
3,981,614
4,275,217
4,531,192
4,416,746
4,619,725
Montana
...................................
719,963
751,710
785,159
822,015
844,257
868,892
959,000
983,000
Nebraska
..................................
1,297,643
1,381,290
1,430,039
1,513,971
1,594,928
1,648,104
1,748,474
4
1,741,256
Nevada
.....................................
864,379
962,800
1,035,623
1,099,685
1,186,132
1,296,629
1,440,442
1,754,908
New
Hampshire
.......................
890,116
927,625
972,963
1,007,129
1,053,966
1,114,540
1,234,945
1,287,577
New
Jersey
..............................
8,897,612
9,660,899
9,915,482
10,448,096
10,776,982
11,208,558
4
11,703,897
4
11,789,530
New
Mexico
.............................
1,134,156
1,212,189
1,240,310
1,323,459
1,441,078
1,517,517
5
1,559,825
5
1,737,846
New
York
.................................
19,514,583
19,781,384
20,898,267
22,059,949
22,989,629
23,522,461
24,345,747
25,197,850
North
Carolina
..........................
4,605,384
4,660,027
4,930,823
5,145,416
5,440,426
5,582,994
5,935,075
6,110,753
North
Dakota
............................
460,581
491,293
511,095
522,377
534,632
557,043
5
582,784
609,009
Ohio
.........................................
8,407,428
9,124,731
9,173,393
9,612,678
10,030,956
10,408,022
10,782,926
11,106,000
Oklahoma
.................................
2,107,513
2,268,958
2,442,320
2,680,113
2,763,721
2,804,088
3,047,410
3,169,306
Oregon
.....................................
2,453,934
2,626,803
2,849,009
2,852,723
2,948,539
3,056,801
3,247,000
3,479,000
Pennsylvania
............................
10,087,322
10,371,796
10,944,392
11,236,417
11,587,027
12,374,073
13,117,000
13,904,000
Rhode
Island
............................
823,655
865,898
934,815
990,094
1,050,969
1,094,185
1,079,175
1,119,104
South
Carolina
.........................
2,494,254
2,564,949
2,690,009
2,790,878
2,920,230
3,085,495
3,208,915
3,369,361
South
Dakota
...........................
481,304
518,156
553,005
584,894
612,825
610,640
639,543
647,720
Tennessee
...............................
2,903,209
2,859,755
3,139,223
3,305,579
3,540,682
3,728,486
4
3,885,590
4
3,914,976
Texas
.......................................
13,695,327
14,709,628
15,121,655
16,193,722
17,572,269
18,801,462
21,254,691
22,850,684
Utah
.........................................
1,235,916
1,296,723
1,376,319
1,511,205
1,618,047
1,719,782
1,833,122
1,888,115
Vermont
...................................
599,018
606,410
616,212
643,828
665,559
684,864
5
684,862
4
676,187
Virginia
.....................................
4,958,213
4,993,480
5,228,326
5,441,384
5,750,318
5,969,608
4
6,474,880
4
6,188,603
Washington
..............................
3,906,471
4,259,048
4,679,698
4,892,690
5,138,928
5,367,559
5,480,787
6,604,200
West
Virginia
............................
1,473,640
1,503,980
1,626,005
1,663,868
1,758,557
1,806,004
1,847,874
1,907,006
Wisconsin
.................................
4,292,434
4,597,004
4,954,900
5,170,343
5,422,264
5,670,826
5,968,287
6,281,352
Wyoming
..................................
521,549
545,870
547,938
558,353
577,144
581,817
597,842
615,000
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.....................
24,946
26,972
23,636
25,161
28,643
30,382
36,498
4
37,373
Guam
.......................................
116,406
132,494
161,477
160,797
161,434
158,303
5
145,623
181,000
Northern
Marianas
...................
26,822
32,498
38,784
32,824
45,008
44,037
5
53,366
53,200
Puerto
Rico
..............................
1,142,863
1,207,235
1,295,452
1,360,762
1,501,485
1,667,640
5
1,800,000
1,921,000
Virgin
Islands
...........................
119,950
121,660
120,510
120,556
122,094
122,286
5
127,754
4
123,112
1
Data
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
2
Data
estimated
by
state
education
agencies
unless
otherwise
indicated.
3
U.
S.
total
includes
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
estimates
for
nonreporting
states.
4
Estimated
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
5
Actual
preliminary
count.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
expenditures
for
state
administration
are
excluded.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
178
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
165.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
state:
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
expenditures
Total
Current
expenditures
for
elementary
and
secondary
programs
Current
expenditures
for
public
schools
Instruction
Student
services
Total
Students
3
Instructional
4
General
administration
School
administration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
........
$
293,610,849
$
255,079,736
$
157,480,290
$
86,172,655
$
12,243,641
$
10,071,302
$
5,866,480
$
14,831,161
Alabama
....................
3,633,168
3,240,364
2,032,706
970,024
108,627
106,993
71,865
191,236
Alaska
........................
1,251,355
1,045,022
591,338
420,151
52,586
58,700
60,212
63,392
Arizona
......................
4,393,822
3,327,969
1,921,658
1,192,286
145,080
105,672
134,589
181,920
Arkansas
...................
2,248,059
1,994,748
1,244,145
613,193
81,449
75,532
68,403
111,804
California
...................
30,406,167
27,334,639
16,333,392
9,829,490
1,452,162
1,253,659
168,029
2,089,532
Colorado
....................
4,138,328
3,360,529
2,069,222
1,156,615
142,866
124,223
94,664
224,970
Connecticut
...............
4,656,518
4,366,123
2,780,996
1,363,960
227,587
126,630
87,172
242,156
Delaware
...................
823,067
726,241
447,549
244,095
35,038
10,375
7,963
40,913
District
of
Columbia
...
711,929
679,106
334,893
312,944
85,684
34,518
19,903
37,519
Florida
.......................
14,231,901
11,480,359
6,675,272
4,238,643
518,152
642,321
125,889
771,572
Georgia
......................
8,051,720
6,629,646
4,116,129
2,109,944
267,862
324,776
94,189
416,759
Hawaii
........................
1,262,385
1,040,682
651,832
322,254
64,740
39,115
7,734
65,454
Idaho
.........................
1,204,717
1,019,594
643,243
330,614
53,541
31,225
25,765
62,332
Illinois
........................
12,262,164
10,727,091
6,461,142
3,892,546
540,225
401,100
321,916
590,324
Indiana
.......................
6,568,240
5,493,653
3,412,502
1,836,980
233,153
154,438
100,287
308,242
Iowa
...........................
3,048,566
2,753,425
1,691,945
926,348
170,366
124,464
81,817
143,571
Kansas
......................
2,732,391
2,488,077
1,441,539
923,743
122,982
102,164
96,897
167,840
Kentucky
....................
3,447,820
3,171,495
1,942,324
1,081,739
124,475
85,394
126,085
194,448
Louisiana
...................
3,878,876
3,545,832
2,099,916
1,130,311
134,689
141,633
81,098
195,971
Maine
.........................
1,422,526
1,313,759
882,302
383,560
38,651
36,857
25,370
74,519
Maryland
....................
5,839,898
5,311,207
3,263,165
1,796,246
219,149
216,968
28,931
437,906
Massachusetts
..........
6,680,053
6,435,458
4,275,924
1,947,224
298,248
203,651
144,036
302,442
Michigan
....................
12,742,147
11,137,877
6,583,062
4,229,411
703,337
478,208
226,291
681,482
Minnesota
..................
6,184,218
4,844,879
3,095,995
1,553,894
152,927
264,047
115,247
209,100
Mississippi
.................
2,286,758
2,000,321
1,246,654
603,502
72,944
76,766
60,174
110,001
Missouri
.....................
5,319,015
4,531,192
2,770,426
1,565,327
193,113
177,747
143,728
268,686
Montana
....................
946,567
868,892
541,473
291,170
38,937
29,562
27,864
46,206
Nebraska
...................
1,907,419
1,648,104
1,027,617
487,949
65,446
56,991
60,530
84,875
Nevada
......................
1,611,165
1,296,629
768,352
483,971
49,234
35,803
25,315
94,642
New
Hampshire
.........
1,244,321
1,114,540
725,558
349,699
60,948
30,362
38,858
63,061
New
Jersey
...............
12,231,660
11,208,558
6,775,687
4,061,688
747,150
344,067
330,090
628,605
New
Mexico
...............
1,796,491
1,517,517
872,133
558,257
119,802
69,280
40,968
74,953
New
York
...................
26,907,652
23,522,461
15,948,326
6,943,853
941,911
530,265
556,860
984,540
North
Carolina
...........
6,490,339
5,582,994
3,479,891
1,740,685
277,597
201,268
107,979
366,907
North
Dakota
.............
620,394
557,043
339,950
168,142
16,563
12,415
28,442
25,975
Ohio
...........................
11,874,454
10,408,022
6,200,538
3,819,921
517,122
512,259
264,166
620,053
Oklahoma
..................
3,111,652
2,804,088
1,680,375
949,350
152,299
80,474
116,722
154,505
Oregon
......................
3,436,859
3,056,801
1,852,333
1,095,768
147,570
141,742
66,483
203,347
Pennsylvania
.............
14,337,270
12,374,073
7,922,896
4,003,738
572,386
386,905
359,263
559,187
Rhode
Island
.............
1,145,773
1,094,185
728,417
336,288
67,987
35,315
24,511
53,354
South
Carolina
..........
3,683,763
3,085,495
1,821,432
1,064,316
202,810
175,636
43,376
195,675
South
Dakota
............
686,104
610,640
370,593
205,012
25,120
21,076
17,874
35,547
Tennessee
.................
4,295,064
3,728,486
2,378,112
1,151,816
119,988
194,847
84,329
205,363
Texas
.........................
22,217,305
18,801,462
11,540,336
6,179,630
861,085
815,973
692,991
1,035,280
Utah
...........................
2,159,133
1,719,782
1,152,136
465,935
51,345
63,991
17,324
98,351
Vermont
.....................
769,049
684,864
444,162
219,761
40,718
20,734
20,392
45,469
Virginia
......................
6,986,861
5,969,608
3,601,235
2,045,379
286,321
323,547
63,245
359,684
Washington
...............
6,544,096
5,367,559
3,225,122
1,890,496
315,886
260,129
145,262
271,935
West
Virginia
.............
1,965,472
1,806,004
1,122,084
578,586
57,382
47,184
47,320
104,923
Wisconsin
..................
6,544,688
5,670,826
3,591,487
1,905,973
235,633
266,345
155,267
299,474
Wyoming
...................
671,489
581,817
360,771
200,226
32,768
17,955
12,799
35,159
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
35,490
30,382
12,456
10,874
3,570
1,545
501
1,626
Guam
.........................
158,445
158,303
87,773
61,187
17,077
3,512
1,416
7,763
Northern
Marianas
....
47,578
44,037
35,357
5,698
152
182
4,643
0
Puerto
Rico
...............
1,722,788
1,667,640
1,198,197
250,596
51,554
0
98,089
19,035
Virgin
Islands
.............
127,754
122,286
69,478
46,012
6,182
7,700
9,303
6,803
179
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
165.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
state:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
expenditures
Current
expenditures
for
elementary
and
secondary
programs
Other
current
expenditures
1
Capital
outlay
2
Interest
on
school
debt
Student
services
Food
services
Enterprise
operations
5
Operation
and
maintenance
Student
transportation
Other
support
services
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
United
States
......
$
25,725,984
$
10,394,695
$
7,039,392
$
10,648,854
$
777,936
$
4,724,662
$
27,547,918
$
6,258,534
Alabama
....................
289,843
131,883
69,576
237,634
0
56,173
292,706
43,925
Alaska
........................
147,093
35,820
2,347
29,009
4,524
5,402
178,915
22,016
Arizona
......................
378,922
134,032
112,071
172,221
41,803
29,293
812,131
224,430
Arkansas
...................
171,166
75,532
29,308
119,701
17,710
11,659
196,003
45,650
California
...................
2,863,245
768,783
1,234,080
1,166,119
5,638
531,838
2,417,780
121,909
Colorado
....................
299,420
98,258
172,215
121,450
13,242
8,676
617,785
151,338
Connecticut
...............
408,419
189,983
82,014
119,894
101,273
81,637
106,111
102,647
Delaware
...................
71,852
42,045
35,909
34,596
0
13,367
74,700
8,759
District
of
Columbia
...
98,172
14,754
22,394
29,179
2,091
8,721
21,467
2,635
Florida
.......................
1,335,948
491,354
353,408
566,444
0
411,670
2,048,092
291,780
Georgia
......................
574,027
254,766
177,565
397,944
5,630
254,738
1,045,456
121,880
Hawaii
........................
105,042
19,298
20,873
66,595
0
31,309
159,558
30,837
Idaho
.........................
94,954
47,268
15,530
45,736
0
2,122
157,597
25,405
Illinois
........................
1,192,303
506,262
340,417
373,402
0
90,228
1,173,420
271,426
Indiana
.......................
601,872
312,061
126,928
244,171
0
41,861
624,306
408,420
Iowa
...........................
242,507
86,381
77,242
122,983
12,148
17,177
242,068
35,896
Kansas
......................
281,318
103,062
49,480
122,794
0
3,029
186,590
54,696
Kentucky
....................
320,285
184,915
46,136
147,432
0
21,541
185,609
69,175
Louisiana
...................
319,344
198,277
59,299
264,211
51,393
23,370
236,608
73,067
Maine
.........................
124,832
61,177
22,153
47,824
73
15,648
60,078
33,042
Maryland
....................
527,925
266,100
99,267
166,649
85,148
18,192
452,471
58,027
Massachusetts
..........
598,964
286,248
113,634
212,310
0
59,591
66,818
118,187
Michigan
....................
1,204,619
475,639
459,835
325,403
0
356,592
952,539
295,139
Minnesota
..................
409,419
259,091
144,063
194,990
0
218,463
927,467
193,409
Mississippi
.................
173,345
81,208
29,063
149,666
499
13,499
232,798
40,140
Missouri
.....................
441,455
255,492
85,106
195,439
0
85,301
575,759
126,763
Montana
....................
90,804
38,308
19,489
35,778
470
5,747
61,361
10,567
Nebraska
...................
144,439
47,312
28,354
62,840
69,698
2,060
229,681
27,574
Nevada
......................
131,000
57,157
90,819
44,305
0
9,069
230,269
75,199
New
Hampshire
.........
98,111
49,447
8,912
39,284
0
4,276
97,162
28,342
New
Jersey
...............
1,230,498
558,986
222,293
330,898
40,284
141,304
727,284
154,515
New
Mexico
...............
157,011
74,787
21,456
77,732
9,396
7,952
246,961
24,061
New
York
...................
2,183,189
1,172,615
574,474
630,281
0
912,651
1,918,134
554,406
North
Carolina
...........
474,144
209,247
103,544
362,417
0
39,864
727,293
140,188
North
Dakota
.............
49,878
24,733
10,137
28,314
20,637
4,253
52,052
7,046
Ohio
...........................
1,005,165
273,774
627,382
384,139
3,425
352,284
819,258
294,890
Oklahoma
..................
292,724
91,566
61,060
149,468
24,896
11,672
273,257
22,634
Oregon
......................
280,413
124,502
131,712
104,771
3,929
11,450
288,229
80,380
Pennsylvania
.............
1,258,224
543,990
323,783
435,188
12,250
315,558
1,234,924
412,716
Rhode
Island
.............
98,914
44,336
11,870
29,480
0
9,322
22,106
20,160
South
Carolina
..........
286,155
93,456
67,209
181,207
18,539
55,275
453,207
89,786
South
Dakota
............
61,045
24,593
19,756
32,571
2,464
1,013
62,693
11,759
Tennessee
.................
357,936
135,300
54,053
198,558
0
17,641
463,845
85,092
Texas
.........................
2,084,036
522,233
168,033
1,029,383
52,114
96,344
2,710,954
608,545
Utah
...........................
155,632
48,483
30,809
94,445
7,265
51,870
338,271
49,211
Vermont
.....................
56,197
22,869
13,382
20,242
699
2,050
69,409
12,726
Virginia
......................
628,660
265,821
118,101
230,510
92,484
113,349
752,071
151,833
Washington
...............
555,847
213,329
128,108
173,880
78,061
27,709
898,786
250,041
West
Virginia
.............
180,967
116,280
24,530
105,181
154
29,007
113,988
16,473
Wisconsin
..................
524,527
239,221
185,506
173,366
0
90,754
633,453
149,655
Wyoming
...................
64,176
22,663
14,706
20,820
0
1,092
78,443
10,136
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
1,834
587
1,210
7,052
0
2,480
2,628
0
Guam
.........................
15,190
10,594
5,635
9,343
0
142
0
0
Northern
Marianas
....
192
406
123
2,982
0
1,906
1,635
0
Puerto
Rico
...............
43,435
36,370
2,114
218,847
0
22,299
32,305
543
Virgin
Islands
.............
7,023
3,218
5,783
6,730
65
1,425
4,043
0
1
Includes
expenditures
for
adult
education,
community
colleges,
private
school
programs
funded
by
local
and
state
education
agencies,
and
community
services.

2
Includes
expenditures
for
property
and
for
building
and
alterations
completed
by
school
district
staff
or
contractors.

3
Includes
expenditures
for
health,
attendance,
and
speech
pathology
services.

4
Includes
expenditures
for
curriculum
development,
staff
training,
libraries,
and
media
and
computer
centers.
5
Includes
expenditures
for
operations
funded
by
sales
of
products
or
services
(
e.
g.,
school
bookstore
or
computer
time).

NOTE.
 
Excludes
expenditures
for
state
education
agencies.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
180
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
166.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
state:
1994
 
95
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
expenditures
Total
Current
expenditures
for
elementary
and
secondary
programs
Current
expenditures
for
public
schools
Instruction
Student
services
Total
Students
3
Instructional
4
General
administration
School
administration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
........
$
279,000,318
$
243,877,582
$
150,556,118
$
82,351,869
$
11,679,127
$
9,654,676
$
5,731,420
$
14,146,428
Alabama
....................
3,372,114
3,026,287
1,906,471
887,965
95,915
101,461
67,361
178,661
Alaska
........................
1,208,525
1,020,675
574,242
414,526
46,037
59,776
59,146
62,651
Arizona
......................
4,071,643
3,144,540
1,811,167
1,122,380
136,799
101,272
127,853
172,363
Arkansas
...................
2,094,833
1,873,595
1,144,389
601,518
80,417
81,129
69,890
108,937
California
...................
29,070,435
25,949,033
15,549,692
9,299,207
1,389,412
1,184,061
157,603
1,988,240
Colorado
....................
3,867,788
3,232,976
1,970,908
1,138,810
134,882
105,180
95,407
212,746
Connecticut
...............
4,501,537
4,247,328
2,721,552
1,308,873
205,801
125,781
85,815
230,445
Delaware
...................
776,034
694,473
431,618
234,509
35,208
10,054
8,607
39,851
District
of
Columbia
...
706,715
666,938
336,543
301,372
68,249
35,583
24,128
35,772
Florida
.......................
13,756,867
11,019,735
6,395,934
4,085,932
493,124
621,024
124,221
751,327
Georgia
......................
7,394,767
6,136,689
3,779,713
1,980,428
243,585
308,258
92,699
390,256
Hawaii
........................
1,185,571
1,028,729
636,952
328,578
56,477
47,903
8,317
61,235
Idaho
.........................
1,110,948
951,350
602,232
304,596
47,883
27,869
22,736
57,616
Illinois
........................
12,102,804
10,640,279
6,367,082
3,913,546
598,430
414,320
346,332
567,303
Indiana
.......................
6,297,458
5,243,761
3,262,523
1,746,052
220,704
150,548
97,521
286,489
Iowa
...........................
2,876,604
2,622,510
1,623,942
869,366
151,650
111,906
93,466
136,484
Kansas
......................
2,651,153
2,406,580
1,387,198
901,603
122,448
96,919
97,200
163,849
Kentucky
....................
3,228,465
2,988,892
1,787,693
1,048,757
114,995
94,131
116,323
192,765
Louisiana
...................
3,811,767
3,475,926
2,071,476
1,092,851
129,617
134,672
79,512
191,691
Maine
.........................
1,402,024
1,281,706
859,560
375,712
37,206
35,897
25,281
71,727
Maryland
....................
5,616,288
5,083,380
3,127,996
1,714,032
204,542
205,561
28,724
407,145
Massachusetts
..........
6,255,672
6,062,303
3,994,523
1,867,028
280,004
193,981
154,586
262,665
Michigan
....................
11,864,469
10,440,206
6,228,315
3,905,033
646,546
440,927
216,139
621,034
Minnesota
..................
5,829,727
4,622,930
2,946,240
1,490,265
150,969
244,948
120,037
211,671
Mississippi
.................
2,158,879
1,921,480
1,197,868
573,685
67,952
75,608
57,872
104,056
Missouri
.....................
4,970,915
4,275,217
2,597,027
1,491,719
177,983
172,595
135,644
250,535
Montana
....................
917,118
844,257
525,617
283,019
38,085
28,041
28,878
44,106
Nebraska
...................
1,858,791
1,594,928
997,581
464,411
61,438
52,704
59,617
80,733
Nevada
......................
1,382,856
1,186,132
706,132
439,092
44,003
34,017
19,791
85,859
New
Hampshire
.........
1,165,596
1,053,966
679,079
337,425
57,176
29,368
37,333
59,965
New
Jersey
...............
11,785,829
10,776,982
6,467,203
3,962,515
711,455
343,400
333,877
616,362
New
Mexico
...............
1,672,973
1,441,078
837,029
524,885
109,502
62,194
38,770
70,822
New
York
...................
26,273,275
22,989,629
15,636,396
6,716,673
920,036
515,478
532,921
967,188
North
Carolina
...........
6,206,406
5,440,426
3,387,680
1,700,284
275,299
203,004
109,618
360,519
North
Dakota
.............
587,279
534,632
328,461
158,320
15,055
11,342
26,664
24,667
Ohio
...........................
11,711,711
10,030,956
5,960,083
3,696,226
494,237
491,446
256,871
600,742
Oklahoma
..................
3,064,964
2,763,721
1,662,373
932,702
146,932
80,318
111,885
153,770
Oregon
......................
3,327,032
2,948,539
1,776,148
1,071,438
144,181
140,178
64,919
186,509
Pennsylvania
.............
13,135,222
11,587,027
7,460,973
3,674,151
520,141
360,427
323,749
531,342
Rhode
Island
.............
1,094,983
1,050,969
703,185
318,828
63,190
35,484
23,089
51,318
South
Carolina
..........
3,353,682
2,920,230
1,727,214
1,007,017
188,416
164,710
50,323
185,744
South
Dakota
............
695,692
612,825
376,116
203,434
25,030
20,853
18,149
34,923
Tennessee
.................
4,027,607
3,540,682
2,285,884
1,063,138
107,096
184,306
77,382
193,446
Texas
.........................
20,352,717
17,572,269
10,753,150
5,793,863
818,794
756,747
657,189
983,347
Utah
...........................
2,050,021
1,618,047
1,089,195
433,062
46,035
59,045
16,309
91,455
Vermont
.....................
727,870
665,559
434,933
209,344
39,133
20,037
19,726
43,535
Virginia
......................
6,637,551
5,750,318
3,483,576
1,959,196
276,456
310,885
63,440
343,478
Washington
...............
6,172,346
5,138,928
3,075,781
1,824,722
324,236
248,340
137,716
258,070
West
Virginia
.............
1,945,379
1,758,557
1,090,056
564,738
56,646
47,696
45,205
103,189
Wisconsin
..................
6,030,769
5,422,264
3,441,286
1,816,370
227,651
255,756
152,683
282,766
Wyoming
...................
638,647
577,144
358,131
198,676
32,069
17,539
12,896
35,055
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
34,511
28,643
11,796
11,453
3,314
2,397
471
1,568
Guam
.........................
161,823
161,434
79,336
68,478
19,120
4,585
2,207
9,681
Northern
Marianas
....
48,127
45,008
35,613
6,581
6,581
0
0
0
Puerto
Rico
...............
1,551,369
1,501,485
1,093,038
219,007
34,985
0
94,633
15,904
Virgin
Islands
.............
137,020
122,094
69,349
45,951
6,171
7,677
9,289
6,801
181
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
166.
 
Total
expenditures
for
public
elementary
and
secondary
education,
by
function
and
state:
1994
 
95
 
Continued
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
expenditures
Current
expenditures
for
elementary
and
secondary
programs
Other
current
expenditures
1
Capital
outlay
2
Interest
on
school
debt
Student
services
Food
services
Enterprise
operations
5
Operation
and
maintenance
Student
transportation
Other
support
services
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
United
States
........
$
24,542,922
$
9,889,034
$
6,708,262
$
10,268,542
$
701,053
$
5,148,505
$
24,456,100
$
5,518,131
Alabama
....................
257,876
125,387
61,304
231,851
0
55,454
247,086
43,287
Alaska
........................
149,321
35,338
2,258
27,454
4,453
5,636
157,651
24,563
Arizona
......................
355,125
121,198
107,769
169,981
41,012
26,014
725,588
175,501
Arkansas
...................
160,194
71,079
29,872
112,852
14,837
11,060
165,941
44,237
California
...................
2,703,051
728,475
1,148,364
1,096,200
3,934
493,215
2,529,013
99,174
Colorado
....................
288,364
91,328
210,903
112,961
10,297
8,237
458,354
168,220
Connecticut
...............
390,086
180,164
90,782
124,397
92,506
66,132
86,860
101,217
Delaware
...................
66,400
40,603
33,785
28,347
0
20,661
52,594
8,306
District
of
Columbia
...
100,787
14,673
22,179
26,953
2,071
9,183
27,400
3,194
Florida
.......................
1,284,882
461,045
350,308
537,869
0
398,246
2,077,463
261,424
Georgia
......................
541,410
236,703
167,517
372,965
3,583
245,749
899,069
113,260
Hawaii
........................
109,945
20,932
23,769
63,199
0
33,858
94,706
28,277
Idaho
.........................
88,963
44,129
15,399
44,522
0
1,699
134,626
23,273
Illinois
........................
1,176,403
488,953
321,805
359,650
0
387,113
835,313
240,099
Indiana
.......................
571,228
296,455
123,106
235,186
0
40,278
644,345
369,075
Iowa
...........................
230,119
83,499
62,242
118,903
10,299
15,714
209,806
28,574
Kansas
......................
267,158
99,645
54,384
117,778
0
3,238
186,381
54,954
Kentucky
....................
310,055
178,019
42,470
152,442
0
7,540
167,857
64,176
Louisiana
...................
301,605
198,378
57,375
262,485
49,115
22,939
219,307
93,594
Maine
.........................
124,030
59,747
21,824
46,432
3
15,461
69,977
34,880
Maryland
....................
508,935
258,942
100,184
161,657
79,695
20,811
458,718
53,379
Massachusetts
..........
607,195
260,916
107,680
200,752
0
22,046
56,327
114,995
Michigan
....................
1,106,729
443,303
430,355
306,858
0
396,602
779,103
248,558
Minnesota
..................
374,231
246,818
141,593
186,425
0
206,489
832,894
167,414
Mississippi
.................
161,563
79,374
27,260
149,321
606
12,975
189,219
35,206
Missouri
.....................
414,091
252,573
88,297
186,472
0
72,886
527,098
95,714
Montana
....................
88,928
36,971
18,010
35,335
286
3,446
58,245
11,170
Nebraska
...................
137,977
45,967
25,975
61,069
71,867
1,895
234,277
27,691
Nevada
......................
124,105
52,440
78,878
40,907
0
7,831
126,517
62,377
New
Hampshire
.........
95,538
47,865
10,179
37,462
0
3,853
80,403
27,374
New
Jersey
...............
1,187,881
542,987
226,552
305,128
42,136
155,678
713,451
139,717
New
Mexico
...............
151,975
72,478
19,144
69,589
9,575
9,795
199,753
22,348
New
York
...................
2,112,752
1,135,476
532,822
636,560
0
891,267
1,911,244
481,135
North
Carolina
...........
452,060
202,679
97,104
352,461
0
34,895
602,044
129,041
North
Dakota
.............
47,023
24,086
9,483
28,392
19,459
4,271
41,158
7,218
Ohio
...........................
976,449
267,937
608,545
372,258
2,390
693,248
709,604
277,903
Oklahoma
..................
281,658
89,730
68,410
146,101
22,545
10,678
271,306
19,259
Oregon
......................
283,418
117,678
134,554
98,931
2,023
9,784
304,585
64,124
Pennsylvania
.............
1,191,240
464,772
282,480
442,456
9,448
284,200
994,217
269,779
Rhode
Island
.............
86,845
46,942
11,961
28,956
0
6,645
20,229
17,140
South
Carolina
..........
265,137
91,002
61,685
175,774
10,225
61,754
293,549
78,150
South
Dakota
............
59,110
24,625
20,743
31,867
1,408
1,194
69,492
12,181
Tennessee
.................
326,088
128,713
46,107
191,660
0
16,785
395,526
74,614
Texas
.........................
1,956,723
485,709
135,354
993,076
32,180
87,311
2,148,179
544,958
Utah
...........................
147,363
45,359
27,497
91,662
4,128
48,035
337,844
46,095
Vermont
.....................
53,494
22,184
11,236
19,129
2,154
3,502
49,269
9,540
Virginia
......................
604,534
253,327
107,077
221,934
85,612
110,016
631,622
145,594
Washington
...............
530,680
206,454
119,226
165,327
73,098
24,984
785,663
222,772
West
Virginia
.............
174,973
113,597
23,432
103,652
111
28,917
141,023
16,882
Wisconsin
..................
493,584
229,896
174,034
164,608
0
47,641
455,293
105,571
Wyoming
...................
63,640
22,485
14,992
20,336
0
1,643
48,913
10,947
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.......
1,614
834
1,254
5,394
0
2,901
2,967
0
Guam
.........................
16,199
10,608
6,078
10,099
3,520
169
219
0
Northern
Marianas
....
0
0
0
2,814
0
261
2,858
0
Puerto
Rico
...............
38,081
34,259
1,144
189,440
0
20,351
28,709
824
Virgin
Islands
.............
7,020
3,214
5,780
6,731
64
1,485
13,441
0
1
Includes
expenditures
for
adult
education,
community
colleges,
private
school
programs
funded
by
local
and
state
education
agencies,
and
community
services.

2
Includes
expenditures
for
property
and
for
building
and
alterations
completed
by
school
district
staff
or
contractors.

3
Includes
expenditures
for
health,
attendance,
and
speech
pathology
services.

4
Includes
expenditures
for
curriculum
development,
staff
training,
libraries,
and
media
and
computer
centers.
5
Includes
expenditures
for
operations
funded
by
sales
of
products
or
services
(
e.
g.,
school
bookstore
or
computer
time).

NOTE.
 
Excludes
expenditures
for
state
education
agencies.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
182
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
167.
 
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
Unadjusted
dollars
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
United
States
..............
$
375
$
816
$
2,272
$
2,502
$
3,756
$
4,240
$
4,645
$
4,980
$
5,258
$
5,421
$
5,584
$
5,767
$
5,989
$
6,146
Alabama
..........................
241
544
1,612
1,985
2,565
2,718
3,197
3,327
3,627
3,616
3,761
4,037
4,405
4,716
Alaska
..............................
546
1,123
4,728
5,688
8,304
7,971
7,716
8,431
8,330
8,450
8,735
8,882
8,963
9,012
Arizona
............................
404
720
1,971
2,258
3,336
3,744
3,902
4,053
4,309
4,381
4,510
4,611
4,778
4,860
Arkansas
..........................
225
568
1,574
1,701
2,658
2,989
3,273
3,485
3,700
4,031
4,124
4,280
4,459
4,710
California
.........................
2
424
867
2,268
2,475
3,543
3,840
4,135
4,391
4,491
4,746
4,780
4,921
4,992
5,108
Colorado
..........................
396
738
2,421
2,693
3,975
4,220
4,521
4,720
5,064
5,172
5,139
5,097
5,443
5,521
Connecticut
......................
436
951
2,420
2,876
4,743
6,230
6,857
7,837
7,853
8,012
7,973
8,473
8,817
8,817
Delaware
.........................
456
900
2,861
3,018
4,610
5,017
5,422
5,799
5,974
6,093
6,274
6,621
7,030
7,267
District
of
Columbia
.........
431
1,018
3,259
3,441
5,337
6,132
7,850
8,955
9,377
9,549
9,419
10,180
9,335
9,565
Florida
..............................
318
732
1,889
2,401
3,529
4,092
4,563
4,997
5,276
5,243
5,314
5,516
5,718
5,894
Georgia
............................
253
588
1,625
1,708
2,966
3,434
3,852
4,275
4,466
4,419
4,686
4,915
5,193
5,377
Hawaii
..............................
325
841
2,322
2,604
3,807
3,919
4,121
4,448
5,166
5,420
5,704
5,879
6,078
6,051
Idaho
................................
290
603
1,659
1,856
2,484
2,667
2,833
3,078
3,386
3,556
3,690
3,844
4,210
4,465
Illinois
...............................
438
909
2,587
2,704
3,781
4,369
4,906
5,118
5,520
5,670
5,898
5,893
6,136
6,128
Indiana
.............................
369
728
1,882
2,010
3,275
3,794
4,284
4,606
4,930
5,074
5,344
5,630
5,826
6,040
Iowa
.................................
368
844
2,326
2,668
3,619
4,124
4,285
4,453
4,679
5,096
5,257
5,288
5,483
5,772
Kansas
.............................
348
771
2,173
2,559
3,829
4,076
4,443
4,752
4,874
5,007
5,442
5,659
5,817
5,971
Kentucky
..........................
233
545
1,701
1,784
2,486
3,011
3,347
3,745
4,354
4,719
4,872
5,107
5,217
5,545
Louisiana
.........................
372
648
1,792
2,469
3,187
3,138
3,317
3,903
4,196
4,352
4,428
4,519
4,761
4,988
Maine
...............................
283
692
1,824
1,934
3,472
4,258
4,744
5,373
5,458
5,652
6,073
6,069
6,428
6,546
Maryland
..........................
393
918
2,598
2,914
4,447
5,201
5,758
6,275
6,654
6,679
6,813
6,958
7,245
7,382
Massachusetts
.................
409
859
2,819
2,940
4,562
5,471
5,972
6,237
6,366
6,408
6,627
6,959
7,287
7,613
Michigan
..........................
415
904
2,640
3,037
4,176
4,692
5,150
5,546
5,883
6,268
6,494
6,658
6,994
7,166
Minnesota
........................
425
904
2,387
2,673
3,941
4,386
4,755
4,971
5,239
5,409
5,554
5,720
6,000
6,162
Mississippi
.......................
206
501
1,664
1,605
2,362
2,548
2,861
3,094
3,187
3,245
3,382
3,660
4,080
4,250
Missouri
...........................
344
709
1,936
2,172
3,189
3,786
4,263
4,507
4,754
4,830
4,885
5,114
5,383
5,626
Montana
...........................
411
782
2,476
2,683
4,091
4,246
4,293
4,736
5,204
5,319
5,425
5,598
5,692
5,847
Nebraska
.........................
337
736
2,150
2,384
3,634
3,943
4,360
4,842
5,038
5,263
5,336
5,651
5,935
6,083
Nevada
............................
430
769
2,088
2,078
3,440
3,623
3,871
4,117
4,653
4,926
5,066
5,052
5,160
5,320
New
Hampshire
...............
347
723
1,916
2,265
3,542
4,457
4,807
5,304
5,685
5,790
5,644
5,723
5,859
5,958
New
Jersey
......................
388
1,016
3,191
3,254
5,570
6,564
7,549
8,139
8,756
9,317
9,415
9,677
9,774
9,955
New
Mexico
.....................
363
707
2,034
2,329
3,195
3,691
3,473
3,515
3,895
3,765
4,071
4,261
4,577
4,587
New
York
.........................
562
1,327
3,462
3,741
6,011
7,151
7,663
8,062
8,565
8,527
8,902
9,175
9,623
9,549
North
Carolina
.................
237
612
1,754
2,001
2,948
3,368
3,874
4,290
4,548
4,554
4,763
4,894
5,077
5,090
North
Dakota
...................
367
690
1,920
2,275
3,483
3,519
3,952
4,189
4,199
4,441
4,597
4,674
4,795
4,979
Ohio
.................................
365
730
2,075
2,303
3,527
3,998
4,686
5,045
5,245
5,694
5,754
5,971
6,162
6,266
Oklahoma
........................
311
604
1,926
2,199
3,146
3,093
3,379
3,508
3,843
4,076
4,355
4,734
4,845
4,881
Oregon
.............................
448
925
2,692
3,100
4,141
4,789
5,182
5,474
5,683
5,913
6,296
6,263
6,436
6,615
Pennsylvania
...................
409
882
2,535
2,824
4,325
4,989
5,597
6,228
6,541
6,613
6,890
6,983
7,109
7,492
Rhode
Island
...................
413
891
2,601
2,927
4,667
5,329
6,064
6,368
6,343
6,546
6,938
7,333
7,715
7,936
South
Carolina
.................
220
613
1,752
1,734
3,058
3,408
3,736
4,082
4,352
4,436
4,624
4,761
4,797
5,096
South
Dakota
...................
347
690
1,908
1,991
3,051
3,249
3,585
3,731
3,965
4,173
4,357
4,586
4,775
4,780
Tennessee
.......................
238
566
1,635
1,794
2,612
3,068
3,491
3,664
3,782
3,692
3,993
4,149
4,388
4,548
Texas
...............................
332
624
1,916
2,006
3,298
3,608
3,877
4,150
4,438
4,632
4,670
4,898
5,222
5,473
Utah
.................................
322
626
1,657
1,819
2,390
2,454
2,588
2,764
2,960
3,040
3,180
3,439
3,656
3,867
Vermont
...........................
344
807
1,997
2,475
4,031
5,207
5,481
6,227
6,738
6,671
6,411
6,600
6,750
6,837
Virginia
.............................
274
708
1,970
2,179
3,520
4,149
4,539
4,672
4,902
4,878
4,980
5,109
5,327
5,433
Washington
......................
420
915
2,568
2,542
3,881
4,164
4,359
4,702
5,000
5,271
5,614
5,751
5,906
6,044
West
Virginia
...................
258
670
1,920
2,146
3,528
3,858
3,883
4,360
4,911
5,078
5,527
5,713
6,107
6,325
Wisconsin
........................
413
883
2,477
2,738
4,168
4,747
5,266
5,524
5,871
6,139
6,475
6,717
6,930
7,094
Wyoming
..........................
450
856
2,527
2,967
5,114
5,051
5,375
5,577
5,638
5,812
5,822
5,899
6,160
6,243
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
 
 
 
 
1,387
1,908
1,988
1,908
2,033
2,085
1,670
1,785
2,046
2,159
Guam
...............................
236
820
 
 
3,383
3,295
4,067
4,234
4,596
5,231
5,309
5,071
5,080
4,947
Northern
Marianas
...........
 
 
 
 
2,552
3,366
2,414
3,007
4,425
5,247
5,288
4,510
6,123
5,863
Puerto
Rico
......................
106
 
 
 
1,325
1,504
1,692
1,750
1,913
2,162
2,364
2,312
2,742
3,039
Virgin
Islands
...................
271
 
 
 
3,223
4,036
5,281
6,767
6,002
5,935
5,843
5,915
6,003
6,155
183
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
167.
 
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
 
Continued
State
or
other
area
Constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
United
States
..............
$
1,973
$
3,337
$
4,521
$
4,462
$
5,332
$
5,655
$
5,921
$
6,059
$
6,066
$
6,060
$
6,053
$
6,094
$
6,152
$
6,146
Alabama
..........................
1,268
2,225
3,208
3,540
3,641
3,625
4,075
4,048
4,184
4,042
4,077
4,265
4,525
4,716
Alaska
..............................
2,873
4,591
9,409
10,145
11,790
10,631
9,837
10,259
9,610
9,446
9,468
9,385
9,207
9,012
Arizona
............................
2,122
2,945
3,922
4,028
4,737
4,994
4,975
4,932
4,971
4,897
4,889
4,872
4,908
4,860
Arkansas
..........................
1,184
2,322
3,133
3,034
3,773
3,987
4,173
4,240
4,269
4,506
4,471
4,523
4,580
4,710
California
.........................
2
2,229
3,547
4,513
4,414
5,031
5,122
5,271
5,343
5,181
5,305
5,182
5,200
5,128
5,108
Colorado
..........................
2,083
3,018
4,818
4,802
5,643
5,628
5,763
5,744
5,842
5,781
5,571
5,386
5,591
5,521
Connecticut
......................
2,293
3,891
4,816
5,129
6,734
8,310
8,742
9,536
9,061
8,957
8,643
8,953
9,056
8,817
Delaware
.........................
2,396
3,681
5,694
5,383
6,545
6,692
6,913
7,056
6,892
6,811
6,801
6,997
7,221
7,267
District
of
Columbia
.........
2,267
4,165
6,486
6,137
7,578
8,179
10,008
10,896
10,819
10,675
10,211
10,757
9,589
9,565
Florida
..............................
1,670
2,995
3,759
4,283
5,011
5,458
5,817
6,081
6,087
5,861
5,761
5,828
5,874
5,894
Georgia
............................
1,333
2,405
3,234
3,047
4,211
4,580
4,911
5,201
5,152
4,940
5,079
5,193
5,334
5,377
Hawaii
..............................
1,707
3,438
4,621
4,644
5,405
5,226
5,253
5,413
5,960
6,059
6,184
6,212
6,243
6,051
Idaho
................................
1,523
2,467
3,302
3,310
3,526
3,557
3,611
3,745
3,907
3,975
4,000
4,062
4,324
4,465
Illinois
...............................
2,305
3,720
5,148
4,822
5,369
5,827
6,254
6,227
6,369
6,338
6,394
6,227
6,303
6,128
Indiana
.............................
1,939
2,978
3,746
3,585
4,650
5,060
5,462
5,605
5,688
5,672
5,793
5,949
5,985
6,040
Iowa
.................................
1,933
3,453
4,630
4,758
5,139
5,500
5,462
5,418
5,398
5,697
5,699
5,588
5,632
5,772
Kansas
.............................
1,828
3,153
4,325
4,564
5,437
5,437
5,664
5,782
5,623
5,598
5,899
5,980
5,975
5,971
Kentucky
..........................
1,226
2,230
3,385
3,182
3,530
4,015
4,267
4,557
5,023
5,275
5,281
5,397
5,359
5,545
Louisiana
.........................
1,956
2,650
3,566
4,404
4,525
4,185
4,229
4,750
4,841
4,865
4,800
4,775
4,890
4,988
Maine
...............................
1,487
2,832
3,629
3,449
4,929
5,679
6,047
6,538
6,297
6,318
6,583
6,412
6,603
6,546
Maryland
..........................
2,065
3,756
5,170
5,197
6,314
6,937
7,341
7,636
7,676
7,466
7,385
7,352
7,443
7,382
Massachusetts
.................
2,150
3,514
5,611
5,243
6,478
7,297
7,613
7,589
7,344
7,164
7,184
7,354
7,485
7,613
Michigan
..........................
2,183
3,697
5,255
5,416
5,929
6,257
6,565
6,749
6,787
7,007
7,040
7,035
7,185
7,166
Minnesota
........................
2,236
3,696
4,750
4,768
5,595
5,850
6,062
6,048
6,044
6,046
6,021
6,044
6,163
6,162
Mississippi
.......................
1,083
2,048
3,311
2,863
3,353
3,398
3,647
3,764
3,676
3,628
3,667
3,868
4,191
4,250
Missouri
...........................
1,809
2,898
3,853
3,874
4,528
5,049
5,434
5,484
5,484
5,399
5,296
5,403
5,530
5,626
Montana
...........................
2,160
3,198
4,929
4,786
5,808
5,663
5,472
5,763
6,004
5,946
5,881
5,915
5,847
5,847
Nebraska
.........................
1,772
3,012
4,279
4,253
5,159
5,259
5,559
5,891
5,812
5,884
5,785
5,971
6,096
6,083
Nevada
............................
2,263
3,147
4,156
3,706
4,884
4,832
4,934
5,010
5,369
5,506
5,491
5,338
5,301
5,320
New
Hampshire
...............
1,826
2,957
3,813
4,040
5,028
5,945
6,128
6,454
6,559
6,473
6,119
6,048
6,018
5,958
New
Jersey
......................
2,038
4,156
6,351
5,804
7,908
8,755
9,624
9,904
10,102
10,416
10,206
10,225
10,040
9,955
New
Mexico
.....................
1,907
2,892
4,047
4,155
4,537
4,923
4,427
4,277
4,493
4,209
4,413
4,502
4,702
4,587
New
York
.........................
2,953
5,426
6,890
6,673
8,534
9,538
9,770
9,809
9,881
9,533
9,650
9,694
9,885
9,549
North
Carolina
.................
1,247
2,504
3,491
3,569
4,186
4,492
4,939
5,220
5,247
5,091
5,163
5,172
5,215
5,090
North
Dakota
...................
1,928
2,820
3,822
4,057
4,945
4,694
5,038
5,097
4,844
4,964
4,984
4,938
4,925
4,979
Ohio
.................................
1,919
2,986
4,129
4,108
5,007
5,332
5,974
6,138
6,051
6,366
6,238
6,309
6,329
6,266
Oklahoma
........................
1,637
2,472
3,834
3,921
4,467
4,125
4,308
4,268
4,434
4,557
4,721
5,002
4,977
4,881
Oregon
.............................
2,357
3,782
5,357
5,529
5,879
6,387
6,606
6,661
6,556
6,610
6,825
6,618
6,611
6,615
Pennsylvania
...................
2,153
3,606
5,044
5,036
6,141
6,654
7,136
7,578
7,547
7,393
7,469
7,379
7,303
7,492
Rhode
Island
...................
2,174
3,645
5,176
5,220
6,627
7,108
7,731
7,748
7,318
7,318
7,521
7,749
7,925
7,936
South
Carolina
.................
1,157
2,505
3,487
3,093
4,342
4,545
4,763
4,967
5,021
4,959
5,012
5,031
4,928
5,096
South
Dakota
...................
1,824
2,822
3,797
3,551
4,332
4,333
4,570
4,540
4,574
4,665
4,723
4,845
4,905
4,780
Tennessee
.......................
1,252
2,315
3,255
3,199
3,708
4,092
4,450
4,458
4,363
4,127
4,329
4,384
4,507
4,548
Texas
...............................
1,747
2,553
3,812
3,578
4,683
4,812
4,942
5,050
5,121
5,178
5,063
5,175
5,364
5,473
Utah
.................................
1,695
2,561
3,297
3,244
3,394
3,273
3,299
3,363
3,414
3,399
3,447
3,633
3,755
3,867
Vermont
...........................
1,808
3,301
3,974
4,414
5,723
6,945
6,987
7,576
7,774
7,457
6,949
6,974
6,933
6,837
Virginia
.............................
1,442
2,895
3,920
3,886
4,998
5,533
5,787
5,684
5,655
5,453
5,398
5,398
5,472
5,433
Washington
......................
2,211
3,744
5,111
4,534
5,510
5,553
5,557
5,722
5,768
5,892
6,085
6,076
6,066
6,044
West
Virginia
...................
1,359
2,740
3,822
3,827
5,010
5,145
4,950
5,306
5,666
5,676
5,991
6,037
6,274
6,325
Wisconsin
........................
2,172
3,610
4,929
4,884
5,917
6,332
6,713
6,721
6,774
6,863
7,020
7,098
7,119
7,094
Wyoming
..........................
2,368
3,501
5,028
5,292
7,261
6,737
6,853
6,786
6,505
6,497
6,312
6,233
6,328
6,243
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
 
 
 
 
1,969
2,545
2,535
2,321
2,345
2,331
1,811
1,886
2,102
2,159
Guam
...............................
1,243
3,353
 
 
4,803
4,395
5,185
5,152
5,302
5,847
5,755
5,358
5,218
4,947
Northern
Marianas
...........
 
 
 
 
3,623
4,489
3,077
3,659
5,105
5,865
5,733
4,766
6,289
5,863
Puerto
Rico
......................
558
 
 
 
1,881
2,007
2,157
2,129
2,207
2,416
2,562
2,443
2,817
3,039
Virgin
Islands
...................
1,423
 
 
 
4,577
5,383
6,733
8,234
6,925
6,635
6,334
6,250
6,166
6,155
1
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index,
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
adjusted
to
a
school­
year
basis.
These
data
do
not
reflect
differences
in
inflation
rates
from
state
to
state.
2
Estimated
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
state
administration
expenditures
are
excluded.
Beginning
in
1988
 
89,
extensive
changes
were
made
in
the
data
collection
procedures.
There
are
discrepancies
in
average
daily
attendance
reporting
practices
from
state
to
state.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
184
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
168.
 
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
fall
enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
Unadjusted
dollars
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
United
States
..............
$
751
$
2,088
$
2,307
$
3,479
$
3,682
$
3,927
$
4,307
$
4,643
$
4,902
$
5,023
$
5,160
$
5,327
$
5,529
$
5,689
Alabama
..........................
512
1,520
1,836
2,411
2,420
2,569
3,019
3,144
3,429
3,415
3,568
3,826
4,109
4,343
Alaska
..............................
1,059
4,267
5,506
7,622
7,131
7,079
6,940
7,577
7,502
7,852
7,901
7,960
8,033
8,189
Arizona
............................
674
1,865
2,093
3,009
3,436
3,498
3,728
3,717
3,860
3,957
4,088
4,104
4,264
4,476
Arkansas
..........................
511
1,472
1,585
2,506
2,558
2,771
3,023
3,229
3,461
3,777
3,859
4,013
4,186
4,401
California
.........................
833
2,227
2,438
3,534
3,772
3,877
4,205
4,502
4,595
4,640
4,609
4,719
4,799
4,937
Colorado
..........................
686
2,258
2,509
3,666
3,814
3,878
4,151
4,357
4,603
4,644
4,766
4,727
5,047
5,121
Connecticut
......................
911
2,167
2,711
4,641
5,150
5,905
6,479
7,463
7,547
7,620
7,655
7,947
8,380
8,430
Delaware
.........................
833
2,587
2,721
4,215
4,429
4,606
4,958
5,326
5,458
5,599
5,753
6,101
6,502
6,696
District
of
Columbia
.........
947
2,811
2,950
4,672
5,153
5,662
6,888
7,872
8,029
8,403
8,286
8,843
8,290
8,510
Florida
..............................
683
1,834
2,209
3,260
3,515
3,778
4,210
4,597
4,859
4,821
4,876
5,063
5,220
5,275
Georgia
............................
539
1,491
1,580
2,760
2,969
3,195
3,616
4,000
4,171
4,124
4,368
4,569
4,828
5,056
Hawaii
..............................
792
2,086
2,393
3,505
3,503
3,661
3,841
4,130
4,820
5,062
5,332
5,533
5,597
5,560
Idaho
................................
573
1,548
1,736
2,358
2,462
2,505
2,656
2,921
3,206
3,370
3,471
3,628
3,957
4,194
Illinois
...............................
816
2,241
2,406
3,321
3,541
3,822
4,265
4,521
4,904
5,002
5,307
5,323
5,553
5,519
Indiana
.............................
661
1,708
1,798
2,951
3,213
3,454
3,933
4,270
4,588
4,749
4,995
5,245
5,411
5,621
Iowa
.................................
798
2,164
2,505
3,388
3,550
3,867
4,027
4,190
4,418
4,795
4,970
5,070
5,240
5,481
Kansas
.............................
699
1,963
2,307
3,469
3,573
3,724
4,014
4,290
4,434
4,554
4,926
5,081
5,222
5,374
Kentucky
..........................
502
1,557
1,637
2,229
2,463
2,710
3,009
3,384
3,897
4,194
4,310
4,505
4,545
4,807
Louisiana
.........................
589
1,629
2,273
2,960
2,843
2,886
3,138
3,625
3,853
4,014
4,010
4,133
4,356
4,447
Maine
...............................
649
1,692
1,804
3,341
3,591
3,965
4,330
4,903
4,978
5,182
5,624
5,569
6,029
6,151
Maryland
..........................
809
2,293
2,581
3,923
4,211
4,575
5,088
5,573
5,930
5,926
6,060
6,191
6,427
6,593
Massachusetts
.................
791
2,548
2,735
4,031
4,490
4,965
5,485
5,766
5,881
5,952
6,141
6,423
6,783
7,033
Michigan
..........................
841
2,495
2,892
3,859
4,024
4,350
4,734
5,090
5,394
5,746
5,945
6,138
6,465
6,785
Minnesota
........................
855
2,296
2,519
3,741
3,963
4,132
4,515
4,698
4,946
5,089
5,210
5,342
5,626
5,801
Mississippi
.......................
457
1,568
1,503
2,246
2,231
2,416
2,714
2,934
3,007
3,047
3,159
3,410
3,798
3,951
Missouri
...........................
596
1,724
1,945
2,864
3,142
3,425
3,839
4,071
4,271
4,284
4,318
4,596
4,866
5,092
Montana
...........................
728
2,264
2,449
3,691
3,808
3,878
3,893
4,240
4,706
4,825
4,907
5,043
5,137
5,249
Nebraska
.........................
700
2,025
2,243
3,431
3,549
3,712
4,101
4,553
4,735
4,941
5,064
5,310
5,555
5,688
Nevada
............................
706
1,908
1,925
3,196
3,182
3,298
3,562
3,816
4,294
4,546
4,645
4,664
4,730
4,892
New
Hampshire
...............
666
1,732
2,036
3,247
3,603
4,080
4,328
4,786
5,152
5,237
5,368
5,433
5,567
5,740
New
Jersey
......................
924
2,825
2,928
5,139
5,508
6,059
6,762
7,546
8,166
8,705
8,770
9,075
9,178
9,361
New
Mexico
.....................
665
1,870
2,066
2,911
3,071
3,190
3,336
3,446
3,757
3,927
3,929
4,106
4,404
4,604
New
York
.........................
1,194
2,950
3,225
5,221
5,647
6,196
6,655
7,051
7,510
7,482
7,770
8,069
8,311
8,361
North
Carolina
.................
570
1,635
1,870
2,754
2,942
3,153
3,594
4,018
4,237
4,246
4,426
4,540
4,703
4,719
North
Dakota
...................
662
1,941
2,175
3,200
3,159
3,239
3,635
3,899
3,909
4,150
4,305
4,385
4,482
4,677
Ohio
.................................
677
1,894
2,120
3,265
3,409
3,595
4,208
4,531
4,747
5,115
5,110
5,319
5,529
5,669
Oklahoma
........................
554
1,810
2,065
2,939
2,878
2,897
3,159
3,293
3,639
3,857
4,090
4,437
4,533
4,549
Oregon
.............................
843
2,412
2,782
3,715
3,888
4,266
4,598
4,864
5,195
5,268
5,585
5,522
5,649
5,790
Pennsylvania
...................
815
2,328
2,595
4,010
4,287
4,603
5,169
5,737
6,048
6,127
6,372
6,443
6,565
6,922
Rhode
Island
...................
807
2,340
2,654
4,255
4,516
4,924
5,598
5,908
5,934
6,092
6,501
6,797
7,126
7,304
South
Carolina
.................
567
1,597
1,625
2,816
2,966
3,143
3,441
3,769
4,009
4,088
4,200
4,336
4,501
4,779
South
Dakota
...................
656
1,781
1,885
2,903
2,935
3,071
3,373
3,511
3,726
3,938
4,109
4,095
4,271
4,220
Tennessee
.......................
531
1,523
1,675
2,447
2,649
2,855
3,248
3,405
3,521
3,430
3,671
3,815
4,017
4,172
Texas
...............................
551
1,740
1,831
3,079
3,163
3,334
3,582
3,835
4,048
4,246
4,270
4,488
4,779
5,016
Utah
.................................
595
1,556
1,710
2,248
2,242
2,302
2,421
2,577
2,767
2,841
2,967
3,206
3,409
3,604
Vermont
...........................
790
1,930
2,347
3,840
4,107
4,927
5,196
5,770
6,255
6,243
6,252
6,266
6,367
6,488
Virginia
.............................
654
1,824
2,024
3,289
3,533
3,873
4,225
4,690
4,965
4,914
5,067
5,205
5,421
5,528
Washington
......................
853
2,387
2,365
3,605
3,689
3,875
4,059
4,382
4,652
4,899
5,220
5,342
5,477
5,611
West
Virginia
...................
621
1,749
1,968
3,255
3,493
3,579
3,580
4,020
4,571
4,696
5,108
5,292
5,663
5,881
Wisconsin
........................
793
2,225
2,452
3,767
4,020
4,296
4,760
5,020
5,382
5,643
5,974
6,126
6,301
6,517
Wyoming
..........................
805
2,369
2,758
4,754
4,852
4,742
5,030
5,239
5,310
5,348
5,462
5,534
5,753
5,826
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
 
 
 
 
1,764
1,795
1,897
1,781
2,002
2,018
1,689
1,737
1,983
2,084
Guam
...............................
766
 
 
3,016
3,049
2,944
3,624
3,817
4,411
4,676
5,369
5,200
5,016
4,803
Northern
Marianas
...........
 
 
 
 
 
3,384
2,651
3,356
4,159
4,580
4,796
4,009
5,340
4,999
Puerto
Rico
......................
 
 
1,000
1,227
1,283
1,390
1,557
1,605
1,773
1,879
2,034
2,155
2,417
2,657
Trust
Territories
...............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
...................
 
 
 
3,016
3,994
3,714
4,757
6,043
5,515
5,444
5,265
5,299
5,280
5,378
185
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
168.
 
Current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
fall
enrollment
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
state:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
 
Continued
State
or
other
area
Constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
United
States
..............
$
3,072
$
4,156
$
4,115
$
4,940
$
5,114
$
5,237
$
5,491
$
5,649
$
5,655
$
5,615
$
5,593
$
5,629
$
5,679
$
5,689
Alabama
..........................
2,093
3,026
3,275
3,423
3,362
3,426
3,849
3,825
3,956
3,817
3,868
4,043
4,221
4,343
Alaska
..............................
4,332
8,492
9,821
10,822
9,904
9,442
8,848
9,220
8,655
8,778
8,565
8,411
8,252
8,189
Arizona
............................
2,758
3,712
3,733
4,273
4,773
4,665
4,752
4,523
4,453
4,423
4,432
4,336
4,380
4,476
Arkansas
..........................
2,090
2,929
2,826
3,557
3,553
3,696
3,854
3,929
3,993
4,222
4,183
4,240
4,300
4,401
California
.........................
3,408
4,431
4,348
5,018
5,239
5,171
5,360
5,479
5,301
5,187
4,996
4,987
4,929
4,937
Colorado
..........................
2,806
4,494
4,475
5,205
5,298
5,172
5,291
5,301
5,310
5,192
5,167
4,995
5,185
5,121
Connecticut
......................
3,725
4,313
4,836
6,589
7,154
7,876
8,260
9,081
8,707
8,518
8,299
8,397
8,608
8,430
Delaware
.........................
3,409
5,148
4,852
5,984
6,151
6,143
6,321
6,481
6,297
6,259
6,236
6,446
6,679
6,696
District
of
Columbia
.........
3,873
5,595
5,262
6,634
7,157
7,551
8,781
9,578
9,263
9,393
8,983
9,344
8,516
8,510
Florida
..............................
2,792
3,650
3,941
4,628
4,883
5,038
5,367
5,594
5,606
5,389
5,286
5,350
5,362
5,275
Georgia
............................
2,204
2,967
2,818
3,919
4,123
4,261
4,609
4,867
4,813
4,610
4,735
4,828
4,960
5,056
Hawaii
..............................
3,239
4,152
4,268
4,977
4,866
4,882
4,897
5,025
5,560
5,659
5,780
5,846
5,749
5,560
Idaho
................................
2,344
3,081
3,097
3,348
3,419
3,342
3,386
3,554
3,699
3,767
3,763
3,834
4,064
4,194
Illinois
...............................
3,336
4,460
4,292
4,716
4,919
5,097
5,437
5,501
5,658
5,592
5,753
5,625
5,704
5,519
Indiana
.............................
2,704
3,399
3,207
4,190
4,463
4,607
5,014
5,196
5,293
5,309
5,414
5,542
5,559
5,621
Iowa
.................................
3,264
4,307
4,468
4,810
4,931
5,157
5,134
5,098
5,097
5,360
5,387
5,357
5,383
5,481
Kansas
.............................
2,858
3,906
4,116
4,926
4,963
4,966
5,117
5,220
5,116
5,091
5,339
5,369
5,364
5,374
Kentucky
..........................
2,053
3,099
2,920
3,164
3,421
3,615
3,836
4,117
4,497
4,689
4,672
4,760
4,669
4,807
Louisiana
.........................
2,411
3,242
4,055
4,203
3,948
3,850
4,000
4,411
4,445
4,488
4,347
4,368
4,475
4,447
Maine
...............................
2,655
3,367
3,217
4,744
4,988
5,288
5,520
5,966
5,743
5,793
6,097
5,884
6,193
6,151
Maryland
..........................
3,310
4,563
4,603
5,569
5,849
6,101
6,486
6,781
6,841
6,624
6,569
6,541
6,602
6,593
Massachusetts
.................
3,234
5,070
4,878
5,723
6,236
6,622
6,993
7,016
6,785
6,653
6,657
6,786
6,968
7,033
Michigan
..........................
3,442
4,966
5,157
5,479
5,590
5,802
6,035
6,193
6,223
6,423
6,444
6,486
6,641
6,785
Minnesota
........................
3,496
4,570
4,493
5,311
5,505
5,511
5,756
5,716
5,706
5,689
5,648
5,644
5,779
5,801
Mississippi
.......................
1,868
3,121
2,680
3,189
3,099
3,223
3,459
3,569
3,469
3,407
3,425
3,604
3,901
3,951
Missouri
...........................
2,438
3,431
3,470
4,067
4,365
4,568
4,894
4,953
4,928
4,789
4,680
4,856
4,999
5,092
Montana
...........................
2,976
4,505
4,368
5,240
5,289
5,172
4,963
5,159
5,430
5,394
5,319
5,328
5,277
5,249
Nebraska
.........................
2,862
4,029
4,001
4,871
4,930
4,951
5,228
5,540
5,462
5,524
5,489
5,611
5,706
5,688
Nevada
............................
2,886
3,798
3,433
4,537
4,419
4,399
4,541
4,643
4,954
5,081
5,035
4,928
4,859
4,892
New
Hampshire
...............
2,724
3,447
3,632
4,609
5,004
5,442
5,518
5,823
5,943
5,854
5,819
5,741
5,719
5,740
New
Jersey
......................
3,778
5,623
5,223
7,296
7,650
8,080
8,621
9,182
9,421
9,731
9,507
9,589
9,428
9,361
New
Mexico
.....................
2,720
3,722
3,684
4,134
4,265
4,255
4,253
4,193
4,334
4,390
4,259
4,339
4,523
4,604
New
York
.........................
4,885
5,872
5,751
7,413
7,843
8,264
8,484
8,579
8,665
8,364
8,423
8,526
8,537
8,361
North
Carolina
.................
2,333
3,255
3,336
3,911
4,087
4,205
4,582
4,889
4,889
4,746
4,798
4,798
4,831
4,719
North
Dakota
...................
2,709
3,864
3,879
4,544
4,387
4,320
4,633
4,744
4,510
4,640
4,666
4,633
4,604
4,677
Ohio
.................................
2,767
3,770
3,781
4,635
4,735
4,794
5,365
5,513
5,477
5,718
5,539
5,620
5,679
5,669
Oklahoma
........................
2,265
3,601
3,684
4,173
3,998
3,863
4,028
4,007
4,199
4,312
4,434
4,688
4,656
4,549
Oregon
.............................
3,449
4,801
4,962
5,274
5,401
5,689
5,862
5,919
5,993
5,889
6,054
5,835
5,803
5,790
Pennsylvania
...................
3,334
4,634
4,629
5,694
5,954
6,139
6,590
6,981
6,978
6,849
6,907
6,808
6,744
6,922
Rhode
Island
...................
3,300
4,658
4,734
6,041
6,273
6,568
7,137
7,189
6,846
6,810
7,047
7,182
7,320
7,304
South
Carolina
.................
2,320
3,179
2,898
3,999
4,120
4,191
4,386
4,587
4,626
4,570
4,553
4,581
4,624
4,779
South
Dakota
...................
2,684
3,544
3,362
4,122
4,077
4,096
4,299
4,272
4,299
4,402
4,455
4,327
4,387
4,220
Tennessee
.......................
2,171
3,031
2,988
3,474
3,679
3,808
4,140
4,143
4,062
3,835
3,979
4,031
4,126
4,172
Texas
...............................
2,254
3,462
3,266
4,372
4,394
4,447
4,566
4,666
4,671
4,746
4,628
4,742
4,909
5,016
Utah
.................................
2,434
3,097
3,050
3,191
3,114
3,070
3,086
3,136
3,192
3,176
3,216
3,388
3,501
3,604
Vermont
...........................
3,229
3,841
4,186
5,451
5,704
6,571
6,624
7,021
7,217
6,979
6,778
6,621
6,540
6,488
Virginia
.............................
2,677
3,630
3,611
4,669
4,907
5,166
5,387
5,706
5,728
5,493
5,492
5,500
5,568
5,528
Washington
......................
3,489
4,750
4,217
5,118
5,123
5,168
5,174
5,332
5,367
5,477
5,659
5,644
5,626
5,611
West
Virginia
...................
2,541
3,480
3,511
4,621
4,852
4,773
4,564
4,891
5,274
5,250
5,538
5,592
5,818
5,881
Wisconsin
........................
3,244
4,428
4,374
5,348
5,584
5,730
6,068
6,108
6,209
6,308
6,476
6,473
6,472
6,517
Wyoming
..........................
3,292
4,715
4,920
6,750
6,739
6,325
6,413
6,375
6,126
5,978
5,921
5,847
5,910
5,826
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
.............
 
 
 
 
2,450
2,394
2,418
2,168
2,309
2,256
1,831
1,836
2,037
2,084
Guam
...............................
3,135
 
 
4,282
4,235
3,927
4,620
4,645
5,089
5,227
5,820
5,495
5,152
4,803
Northern
Marianas
...........
 
 
 
 
 
4,514
3,380
4,084
4,798
5,120
5,199
4,236
5,485
4,999
Puerto
Rico
......................
 
 
1,784
1,742
1,783
1,854
1,985
1,953
2,045
2,101
2,204
2,277
2,483
2,657
Trust
Territories
...............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
...................
 
 
 
4,282
5,547
4,954
6,064
7,353
6,363
6,086
5,708
5,599
5,423
5,378
1
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index,
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
adjusted
to
a
school
year
basis.
These
data
do
not
reflect
differences
in
inflation
rates
from
state
to
state.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE
 
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
expenditures
for
state
administration
are
excluded.
Beginning
in
1988
 
89,
survey
was
expanded
and
coverage
of
state
expenditures
for
public
school
districts
was
improved.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools,
various
years;
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems,
various
years;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
186
ELEMENTARY
AND
SECONDARY:
FINANCES
Table
169.
 
Total
and
current
expenditure
per
pupil
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools:
1919
 
20
to
1997
 
98
School
year
Expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
Expenditure
per
pupil
in
fall
enrollment
1
Unadjusted
dollars
Constant
1997
 
98
2
dollars
Unadjusted
dollars
Constant
1997
 
98
dollars
2
Total
expenditure
Current
expenditure
Total
expenditure
Current
expenditure
Total
expenditure
Current
expenditure
Total
expenditure
Current
expenditure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1919
 
20
...............................................
$
64
$
53
$
543
$
453
$
48
$
40
$
406
$
339
1929
 
30
...............................................
108
87
1,025
819
90
72
849
678
1931
 
32
...............................................
97
81
1,087
910
82
69
920
770
1933
 
34
...............................................
76
67
931
824
65
57
791
700
1935
 
36
...............................................
88
74
1,035
874
74
63
875
740
1937
 
38
...............................................
100
84
1,126
947
86
72
966
813
1939
 
40
...............................................
106
88
1,224
1,020
92
76
1,061
884
1941
 
42
...............................................
110
98
1,141
1,020
94
84
977
873
1943
 
44
...............................................
125
117
1,157
1,086
105
99
975
915
1945
 
46
...............................................
146
136
1,293
1,209
124
116
1,102
1,030
1947
 
48
...............................................
205
181
1,422
1,260
179
158
1,242
1,100
1949
 
50
...............................................
260
210
1,778
1,437
231
187
1,578
1,275
1951
 
52
...............................................
314
246
1,935
1,514
275
215
1,694
1,326
1953
 
54
...............................................
351
265
2,111
1,593
312
236
1,877
1,416
1955
 
56
...............................................
387
294
2,329
1,770
354
269
2,129
1,618
1957
 
58
...............................................
447
341
2,534
1,932
408
311
2,311
1,762
1959
 
60
...............................................
471
375
2,593
2,065
440
350
2,422
1,929
1961
 
62
...............................................
517
419
2,783
2,255
485
393
2,611
2,116
1963
 
64
...............................................
559
460
2,930
2,414
520
428
2,727
2,247
1965
 
66
...............................................
654
538
3,314
2,726
607
499
3,077
2,530
1967
 
68
...............................................
786
658
3,741
3,131
732
612
3,479
2,912
1969
 
70
...............................................
955
816
4,089
3,494
879
751
3,764
3,216
1970
 
71
...............................................
1,049
911
4,273
3,710
970
842
3,950
3,430
1971
 
72
...............................................
1,128
990
4,433
3,890
1,034
908
4,066
3,568
1972
 
73
...............................................
1,211
1,077
4,574
4,069
1,117
993
4,219
3,753
1973
 
74
...............................................
1,364
1,207
4,731
4,188
1,244
1,101
4,314
3,819
1974
 
75
...............................................
1,545
1,365
4,824
4,261
1,423
1,257
4,444
3,926
1975
 
76
...............................................
1,697
1,504
4,950
4,385
1,563
1,385
4,558
4,038
1976
 
77
...............................................
1,816
1,638
5,005
4,513
1,674
1,509
4,612
4,158
1977
 
78
...............................................
2,002
1,823
5,171
4,707
1,842
1,677
4,756
4,329
1978
 
79
...............................................
2,210
2,020
5,218
4,771
2,029
1,855
4,792
4,381
1979
 
80
...............................................
2,491
2,272
5,189
4,733
2,290
2,088
4,770
4,351
1980
 
81
...............................................
3
2,742
2,502
3
5,120
4,671
3
2,529
2,307
3
4,723
4,308
1981
 
82
...............................................
3
2,973
2,726
3
5,110
4,685
3
2,754
2,525
3
4,734
4,340
1982
 
83
...............................................
3
3,203
2,955
3
5,279
4,870
3
2,966
2,736
3
4,888
4,509
1983
 
84
...............................................
3
3,471
3,173
3
5,516
5,043
3
3,216
2,940
3
5,110
4,672
1984
 
85
...............................................
3
3,722
3,470
3
5,692
5,307
3
3,456
3,222
3
5,285
4,928
1985
 
86
...............................................
3
4,020
3,756
3
5,975
5,582
3
3,724
3,479
3
5,536
5,172
1986
 
87
...............................................
3
4,308
3,970
3
6,264
5,773
3
3,995
3,682
3
5,809
5,354
1987
 
88
...............................................
3
4,654
4,240
3
6,498
5,920
3
4,310
3,927
3
6,018
5,482
1988
 
89
...............................................
5,109
4,645
6,819
6,199
4,738
4,307
6,323
5,748
1989
 
90
...............................................
5,550
4,980
7,070
6,343
5,174
4,643
6,591
5,914
1990
 
91
...............................................
5,885
5,258
7,108
6,350
5,486
4,902
6,626
5,920
1991
 
92
...............................................
6,074
5,421
7,109
6,344
5,629
5,023
6,587
5,879
1992
 
93
...............................................
6,281
5,584
7,128
6,337
5,804
5,160
6,587
5,855
1993
 
94
...............................................
6,492
5,767
7,181
6,380
5,996
5,327
6,633
5,893
1994
 
95
...............................................
6,725
5,989
7,232
6,440
6,208
5,529
6,676
5,945
1995
 
96
...............................................
6,961
6,146
7,287
6,434
6,443
5,689
6,745
5,955
1996
 
97
3
.............................................
7,233
6,387
7,362
6,501
6,695
5,911
6,814
6,017
1997
 
98
3
.............................................
7,502
6,624
7,502
6,624
6,943
6,131
6,943
6,131
1
Data
for
1919
 
20
to
1953
 
54
are
based
on
school­
year
enrollment.
2
Based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index,
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
adjusted
to
a
school­
year
basis.
3
Estimated.

NOTE.
 
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
state
administration
expenditures
are
excluded
from
both
``
total''
and
``
current''
expenditures.
Beginning
in
1988
 
89,
extensive
changes
were
made
in
the
data
collection
procedures.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Statistics
of
State
School
Systems;
Revenues
and
Expenditures
for
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education;
and
Common
Core
of
Data
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
187
CHAPTER
3
Postsecondary
Education
Postsecondary
education
includes
an
array
of
diverse
educational
experiences,
including
a
wide
range
of
programs
offered
by
American
colleges
and
universities.
For
example,
a
community
college
may
offer
vocational
training
or
the
first
2
years
of
training
at
the
college
level.
A
university
typically
offers
a
full
undergraduate
course
of
study
leading
to
a
bachelor's
degree
as
well
as
first­
professional
and
graduate
programs
leading
to
advanced
degrees.
Vocational
and
technical
institutions
offer
training
programs
that
are
designed
to
prepare
students
for
specific
careers.
Other
types
of
educational
opportunities
for
adults
are
provided
by
community
groups,
churches
libraries,
and
businesses.
This
chapter
provides
an
overview
of
the
latest
statistics
on
postsecondary
education,
which
includes
academic,
vocational,
and
continuing
professional
education
programs
after
high
school.
However,
to
maintain
comparability
over
time,
most
of
the
data
in
the
Digest
are
for
higher
education
institutions,
which
include
2­
and
4­
year
colleges
and
universities
and
exclude
most
vocational
and
continuing
education
programs.
This
chapter
highlights
historical
data
that
enable
the
reader
to
observe
long­
range
trends
in
American
higher
education.
Other
chapters
provide
related
information
on
postsecondary
education.
Data
on
price
indexes
and
on
the
number
of
degrees
held
by
the
general
population
are
in
chapter
1.
Chapter
4
contains
tabulations
on
federal
funding
for
postsecondary
education.
Information
on
employment
outcomes
for
college
graduates
is
in
chapter
5.
Chapter
7
contains
data
on
college
libraries
and
use
of
computers
by
young
adults.
Further
information
on
survey
methodologies
is
in
the
``
Guide
to
Sources''
in
the
appendix
and
in
the
publications
cited
in
the
source
notes.

Enrollment
Higher
education
enrollment
increased
by
14
percent
between
1976
and
1986.
Between
1986
and
1996,
enrollment
increased
at
the
same
rate,
from
12.5
million
to
14.3
million.
There
was
a
slight
decline
in
enrollment
in
the
later
part
of
the
period
from
1992
to
1995,
but
it
was
overshadowed
by
large
increases
in
the
late
1980s.
Much
of
this
growth
was
in
female
enrollment
(
table
172).
Between
1986
and
1996,
the
number
of
men
enrolled
rose
8
percent,
while
the
number
of
women
increased
by
20
percent.
Part­
time
enrollment
rose
by
13
percent
compared
to
an
increase
of
15
percent
in
full­
time
enrollment.
In
addition
to
the
enrollment
in
accredited
2­
year
colleges
4­
year
colleges,
and
universities,
about
541,000
students
attended
non
degree­
granting
postsecondary
institutions
in
fall
1996
(
table
170).
The
number
of
older
students
has
been
growing
more
rapidly
than
the
number
of
younger
students,
though
this
pattern
is
beginning
to
change.
Between
1990
and
1996,
the
enrollment
of
students
under
age
25
increased
by
2
percent.
During
the
same
period,
enrollment
of
persons
25
and
over
rose
by
6
percent.
From
1996
to
2000,
NCES
projects
a
rise
of
6
percent
in
enrollments
of
persons
under
25
and
an
increase
of
2
percent
in
the
number
25
and
over
(
table
174).
Enrollment
trends
have
differed
at
the
undergraduate
graduate,
and
first­
professional
levels.
Undergraduate
enrollment
generally
increased
during
the
1970s,
but
dipped
between
1983
and
1985.
From
1985
to
1992,
undergraduate
enrollment
increased
each
year,
rising
18
percent
before
declining
slightly
between
1993
and
1996.
Graduate
enrollment
had
been
steady
at
about
1.3
million
in
the
late
1970s
and
early
1980s,
but
rose
about
26
percent
between
1985
and
1996.
After
rising
very
rapidly
during
the
1970s,
enrollment
in
first­
professional
programs
stabilized
in
the
1980s.
There
was
a
9
percent
increase
in
first­
professional
enrollment
between
1985
and
1996
(
tables
187,
188,
and
189).
Since
1984,
the
number
of
women
in
graduate
schools
has
exceeded
the
number
of
men.
Between
1986
and
1996,
the
number
of
male
full­
time
graduate
students
increased
by
22
percent,
compared
to
66
percent
for
full­
time
women.
Among
part­
time
graduate
students,
the
number
of
men
increased
by
1
percent
compared
to
a
17
percent
increase
for
women
(
table
188).
The
proportion
of
American
college
students
who
are
minorities
has
been
increasing.
In
1976,
16
percent
were
minorities,
compared
with
26
percent
in
1996.
Much
of
the
change
can
be
attributed
to
rising
numbers
of
Hispanic
and
Asian
students.
The
proportion
of
Asian
and
Pacific
Islander
students
rose
from
2
percent
to
6
percent,
and
the
Hispanic
proportion
rose
from
4
percent
to
8
percent
during
that
time
188
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
period.
The
proportion
of
black
students
fluctuated
during
most
of
the
early
part
of
the
period,
before
rising
to
11
percent
in
1996.
These
percentages
exclude
foreign
students
enrolled
in
U.
S.
colleges
and
universities
(
table
206).
Despite
the
sizable
numbers
of
small
degree­
granting
colleges,
most
students
attend
the
larger
colleges
and
universities.
In
fall
1996,
41
percent
of
institutions
had
fewer
than
1,000
students;
however,
these
campuses
enrolled
only
4
percent
of
college
students
While
10
percent
of
the
campuses
enrolled
10,000
or
more
students,
they
accounted
for
50
percent
of
total
college
enrollment
(
table
215).

Faculty,
Staff,
and
Salaries
The
student/
staff
ratio
at
colleges
and
universities
dropped
from
5.4
in
1976
to
4.9
in
1995.
During
the
same
time
period,
the
student/
faculty
ratio
dropped
from
16.6
to
15.2.
The
proportion
of
administrative
staff
and
other
nonteaching
professional
staff
rose
from
15
percent
in
1976
to
22
percent
in
1995,
while
the
proportion
of
nonprofessional
staff
declined
from
42
percent
to
34
percent
(
table
221).
Approximately
2.7
million
people
were
employed
in
colleges
and
universities
in
the
fall
of
1995,
including
1.7
million
professional
and
.9
million
nonprofessional
staff.
About
43
percent
of
the
staff
were
faculty
or
teaching
assistants,
6
percent
were
managerial,
17
percent
were
other
nonteaching
professionals,
and
34
percent
were
nonprofessional
staff
(
table
223).
Colleges
differ
in
their
practices
of
employing
parttime
and
full­
time
staff.
In
fall
1995,
50
percent
of
the
employees
at
public
2­
year
colleges
were
employed
full­
time
compared
with
71
percent
at
public
4­
year
colleges
and
72
percent
at
private
4­
year
colleges.
A
higher
proportion
of
the
faculty
at
public
4­
year
colleges
were
employed
full­
time
(
76
percent)
than
at
private
4­
year
colleges
(
60
percent)
or
public
2­
year
colleges
(
35
percent)
(
table
223).
Full­
time
and
part­
time
faculty
and
instructional
staff
also
differ
by
the
number
and
types
of
students
that
they
teach.
In
1992,
67
percent
of
full­
time
faculty
taught
50
students
or
more,
while
only
30
percent
of
part­
time
faculty
taught
that
many
students.
Part­
time
faculty
also
taught
fewer
hours
per
week.
About
46
percent
of
full­
time
faculty
taught
for
10
or
more
hours
per
week,
compared
to
18
percent
of
part­
time
faculty.
Of
the
full­
time
faculty
teaching
only
undergraduate
students,
61
percent
taught
three
or
more
classes,
compared
to
18
percent
of
part­
time
faculty
(
tables
227
and
228).
The
proportion
of
time
that
full­
time
faculty
spent
teaching
was
55
percent
in
1992.
For
the
remaining
faculty
time,
research
and
scholarship
accounted
for
18
percent
of
the
time;
professional
growth,
5
percent
administration,
13
percent;
outside
consulting,
3
percent;
service
and
nonteaching
activities,
7
percent
(
table
227).
About
13
percent
of
U.
S.
faculty
in
colleges
and
universities
were
minorities
in
1995
(
based
on
a
total
excluding
nonresident
aliens
and
race
unknown
persons
Five
percent
of
the
faculty
were
black;
4
percent
Asian/
Pacific
Islanders;
3
percent,
Hispanic;
and
.4
percent,
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native.
The
majority
of
college
faculty
were
white
males.
Fiftythree
percent
of
faculty
fell
in
this
category,
while
35
percent
were
white
females.
About
14
percent
of
executive
managerial,
and
administrative
staff
were
minorities
in
1995,
compared
to
about
29
percent
of
the
nonprofessional
staff.
The
proportion
of
minority
staff
was
about
the
same
at
public
and
private
institutions,
with
both
types
of
institutions
having
20
percent
minority
staff
(
table
226).
The
age
distribution
of
full­
time
faculty
was
concentrated
in
the
middle
age
brackets
in
1992.
Faculty
under
the
age
of
30
composed
1
percent
of
the
total,
but
36
percent
were
ages
30
to
44,
and
36
percent
were
45
to
54
years
old.
Thirteen
percent
were
55
to
59;
8
percent,
60
to
64;
and
5
percent,
65
or
older
(
table
230).
College
faculty
generally
suffered
losses
in
the
purchasing
power
of
their
salaries
from
1972
 
73
to
1980
 
81,
when
average
salaries
fell
17
percent
after
adjustment
for
inflation.
During
the
1980s,
average
salaries
rose
and
recouped
most
of
the
losses.
Between
1992
 
93
and
1996
 
97,
there
was
a
slight
rise
in
average
faculty
salaries,
but
still
remaining
slightly
below
the
value
for
1972
 
73.
Average
salaries
for
men
in
1996
 
97
($
54,465)
were
considerably
higher
than
the
average
for
women
($
44,325),
but
women's
salaries
have
increased
at
a
slightly
faster
rate
since
1990
 
91
(
table
235).
The
proportion
of
faculty
with
tenure
has
remained
relatively
stable
in
recent
years.
About
65
percent
of
full­
time
faculty
had
tenure
in
1996
 
97,
but
a
large
difference
existed
between
the
proportion
of
men
and
women
with
tenure.
Seventy­
two
percent
of
men
compared
with
52
percent
of
women
had
tenure
in
1996
 
97.
About
68
percent
of
the
faculty
at
public
institutions
had
tenure,
compared
with
58
percent
of
faculty
at
private
institutions
(
table
240).

Degrees
During
the
1996
 
97
academic
year,
4,009
accredited
institutions
offered
degrees
at
the
associate
degree
level
or
above.
This
included
2,267
4­
year
colleges
and
1,742
2­
year
colleges
(
table
242).
Institutions
awarding
various
higher
education
degrees
in
1995
 
96
numbered
2,385
for
associate
degrees,
1,862
for
bachelor's
degrees,
1,369
for
master's
degrees
and
488
for
doctor's
degrees
(
tables
257).
More
people
are
completing
college.
Between
1985
 
86
and
1995
 
96,
the
number
of
associate,
189
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
rose.
Associate
degrees
increased
24
percent,
bachelor's
degrees
increased
18
percent,
master's
degrees
increased
41
percent,
and
doctor's
degrees
increased
33
percent
during
this
period.
The
number
of
firstprofessional
degrees
was
4
percent
higher
in
1995
 
96
than
it
was
in
1985
 
86.
The
number
of
first­
professional
degrees
declined
in
the
mid­
1980s
before
increasing
in
the
first
half
of
the
1990s
(
table
244).
The
total
number
of
bachelor's
degrees
increased
slowly
during
the
early
1980s
and
more
rapidly
towards
the
end
of
that
decade,
especially
for
women.
Between
1985
 
86
and
1995
 
96,
the
number
of
bachelor's
degrees
awarded
to
men
increased
by
8
percent,
while
those
awarded
to
women
rose
by
28
percent
(
table
244).
Of
the
1,165,000
bachelor's
degrees
conferred
in
1995
 
96,
the
largest
numbers
of
degrees
were
conferred
in
the
fields
of
business
(
227,000),
social
sciences
(
126,000),
and
education
(
106,000).
At
the
master's
degree
level,
the
largest
fields
were
education
(
106,000)
and
business
(
94,000).
The
largest
fields
at
the
doctor's
degree
level
were
education
(
6,700),
engineering
(
6,400),
biological
sciences
(
4,800),
and
physical
sciences
(
4,600)
(
tables
250,
251,
and
252).
The
pattern
of
bachelor's
degrees
by
field
of
study
has
shifted
significantly
in
recent
years.
Declines
are
significant
in
some
male
majority
fields
such
as
engineering
and
computer
and
information
sciences.
Engineering
and
engineering
technologies
declined
18
percent
between
1985
 
86
and
1990
 
91,
and
then
posted
a
further
2
percent
decline
between
1990
 
91
and
1995
 
96.
Computer
and
information
sciences
grew
rapidly
during
the
1970s
and
mid
1980s,
but
dropped
42
percent
between
1985
 
86
and
1995
 
96
(
table
250).
Other
technical
fields
have
been
driven
upwards
in
recent
years,
in
part,
by
increasing
numbers
of
female
graduates.
For
example,
biological
science
degrees
increased
3
percent
between
1985
 
86
and
1990
 
91,
and
then
rose
54
percent
between
1990
 
91
and
1995
 
96.
During
the
later
period,
the
number
of
male
graduates
grew
49
percent,
while
the
number
of
female
graduates
grew
60
percent
(
table
278).
After
declining
by
29
percent
overall
between
1985
 
86
and
1990
 
91,
the
number
of
male
graduates
in
the
physical
sciences
rose
13
percent
between
1990
 
91
and
1995
 
96.
The
number
of
female
graduates
in
the
physical
sciences
fell
by
13
percent
in
the
first
period
and
rose
by
37
percent
in
the
second
half
(
table
291).
Although
the
number
of
male
graduates
in
agriculture
and
natural
resources
grew
by
53
percent
between
1990
 
91
and
1995
 
96,
the
number
of
female
graduates
grew
84
percent
(
table
276).
About
half
(
53
percent)
of
the
students
who
enrolled
in
a
4­
year
college
in
1989
 
90
had
completed
their
degree
by
spring
1994.
About
7
percent
of
students
had
completed
an
associate
degree
or
other
certificate
below
the
bachelor's
degree,
15
percent
of
the
students
were
still
enrolled
toward
a
bachelor's
degree,
and
24
percent
were
no
longer
working
towards
a
bachelor's
degree
(
table
309).

Finances
For
the
1997
 
98
academic
year,
annual
prices
for
undergraduate
tuition,
room,
and
board
were
estimated
to
be
$
6,788
at
public
colleges
and
$
18,745
at
private
colleges.
Between
1987
 
88
and
1997
 
98,
prices
at
public
colleges
have
risen
by
20
percent,
and
prices
at
private
colleges
have
increased
by
28
percent,
after
adjustment
for
inflation
(
tables
38
and
311).
Trend
data
show
increases
in
the
expenditures
per
student
at
institutions
of
higher
education
through
the
late
1980s
and
further
increases
after
1992.
After
an
adjustment
for
inflation
at
colleges
and
universities,
current­
fund
expenditures
per
student
rose
about
5
percent
between
1985
 
86
and
1990
 
91,
and
another
7
percent
between
1990
 
91
and
1995
 
96
(
table
335).
Scholarships
and
fellowships
have
been
rising
more
rapidly
than
most
other
types
of
college
expenditures
in
recent
years.
At
public
universities,
between
1985
 
86
and
1995
 
96,
inflation
adjusted
scholarships
and
fellowships
expenditures
per
fulltime
equivalent
student
rose
84
percent
compared
with
9
percent
for
instruction
expenditures
per
student
At
private
universities
during
the
same
period,
scholarships
and
fellowships
costs
per
student
rose
67
percent,
and
the
instruction
costs
rose
by
32
percent
(
tables
342
and
345).
Another
rapidly
rising
expenditure
for
public
colleges
during
the
decade
was
research,
which
rose
by
29
percent
per
student
at
public
universities,
and
by
35
percent
at
other
public
4­
year
colleges
(
tables
342
and
343).
190
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
Public
colleges
Private
colleges
Figure
13.­
Enrollment,
degrees
conferred,
and
expenditures
in
institutions
of
higher
education:
1960
 
61
to
1997
 
98
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Public
colleges
Private
colleges
NOTE.­
Degree
and
finance
data
for
1996
 
97
and
1997­
98
and
enrollment
data
for
fall
1997
are
estimated.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
"
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education,"
"
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred,"
and
"
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education"
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Fall
Enrollment,"
"
Completions,"
and
"
Finance"
surveys.
$
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
School
year
beginning
Degrees,
in
millions
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
School
year
beginning
Total
expenditures
in
billions
of
constant
1997­
98
dollars
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
School
year
beginning
Fall
enrollment,
in
millions
191
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Fall
Enrollment"
surveys.
Figure
14.
 
Percentage
change
in
total
enrollment
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
state:
Fall
1990
to
fall
1996
Increase
of
20
percent
or
more
Increase
of
less
than
10
percent
Increase
of
at
least
10
percent
but
less
than
20
percent
Decrease
or
no
change
Percent
change
WA
MT
ND
OR
ID
WY
SD
UT
CA
NV
CO
KS
NE
AZ
NM
OK
TX
AK
MN
IA
MO
AR
TN
NC
LA
FL
MS
AL
GA
WI
IL
KY
IN
OH
WV
PA
VA
DC
ME
VT
NH
MA
CT
SC
MI
HI
RI
DE
MD
NJ
NY
Under
22
years
old
30
years
old
and
over
22
to
24
years
old
25
to
29
years
old
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
"
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education"
survey;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Fall
Enrollment"
surveys;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20,
"
Social
and
Economic
Characteristics
of
Students,"
various
years.
Projected




DC
MD
DE
RI
Figure
15.
 
Enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
age:
Fall
1970
to
fall
2008
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Year
Enrollment
in
thousands
192
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
"
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred"
survey,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Completions"
surveys.
Public
college
professional
staff
Public
college
nonprofessional
staff
Private
college
professional
staff
Private
college
nonprofessional
staff
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
Business
and
management
Education
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
Social
sciences
and
history
Visual
and
performing
arts
Communications
and
communications
technologies
Computer
and
information
sciences
Engineering
and
engineering­
related
technologies
Psychology
1985­
86
1990­
91
1995­
96
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
10.5
12.9
8.1
9.6
8.5
13.9
6.3
10.3
FTE
students
per
FTE
staff
1976
1995
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
"
Staff"
and
"
Fall
Enrollment
in
Higher
Education"
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Staff"
and
"
Fall
Enrollment"
surveys.
Figure
16.­
Full­
time­
equivalent
students
per
staff
member
in
public
and
private
institutions
of
higher
education:
1976
and
1995
Figure
17.­
Trends
in
bachelor's
degrees
conferred
in
selected
fields
of
study:
1985­
86,
1990­
91,
and
1995­
96
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Fields
of
study
Degrees
193
POSTSECONDARY
EDUCATION
Private
sources,
4.1%
Endowment
income,
0.6%
State
governments,
35.9%
Tuition,
18.8%
Federal
government,
11.1%

Other,
3.3%

Sales
and
services,
22.2%

Tuition
ederal
government
State
governments
Local
governments
Private
sources
Endowment
income
Sales
and
services
Other
43
13.8
1.9
0.7
9.1
5.2
21
5.3
Total
Revenues
=
$
69.8
billion
Tuition
Federal
government
ate
governments
Local
governments
Sales
and
services
Other
18.8
11.1
35.9
4.1
4.1
0.6
22.2
3.3
Total
revenues=$
123.5
billion
Figure
18.­
Sources
of
current­
fund
revenue
for
public
institutions
of
higher
education:
1995
 
96
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Finance
FY96"
survey.
Local
governments,
4.1%

Tuition,
43.0%

Sales
and
services,
21.0%
Other,
5.3%
Federal
government,
14.4%

State
governments,
2.1%
Local
governments,
0.6%

Private
sources,
9.1%

Endowment
income,
5.2%

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
"
Finance,
FY96"
survey.
Total
revenues
=
$
74.5
billion
Figure
19.­
Sources
of
current­
fund
revenue
for
private
institutions
of
higher
education:
1995
 
96
194
POSTSECONDARY:
SUMMARY
ENROLLMENT
Table
170.
 
Enrollment
and
staff
in,
and
degrees
conferred
by,
degree­
granting
and
nondegree­
granting
postsecondary
institutions:
1995
 
96
and
fall
1995
and
1996
Level
of
institution,
type
of
degree,
and
sex
of
student
All
postsecondary
1
2­
year
and
4­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
2
Non­
degree­
granting
institutions
3
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
Total
Nonprofit
Proprietary
Total
Nonprofit
Proprietary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Enrollment,
fall
1996
Total
........................................
14,908,352
14,367,520
11,120,499
3,247,021
2,942,556
304,465
540,832
199,947
340,885
55,750
285,135
4­
year
institutions
...............
8,829,284
8,804,193
5,806,036
2,998,157
2,867,181
130,976
25,091
1,278
23,813
19,544
4,269
Men
.................................
4,009,278
3,993,911
2,646,337
1,347,574
1,275,934
71,640
15,367
632
14,735
11,404
3,331
Women
...........................
4,820,006
4,810,282
3,159,699
1,650,583
1,591,247
59,336
9,724
646
9,078
8,140
938
2­
year
institutions
...............
5,745,842
5,563,327
5,314,463
248,864
75,375
173,489
182,515
114,319
68,196
18,191
50,005
Men
.................................
2,439,373
2,358,914
2,256,116
102,798
29,401
73,397
80,459
56,484
23,975
4,713
19,262
Women
...........................
3,306,469
3,204,413
3,058,347
146,066
45,974
100,092
102,056
57,835
44,221
13,478
30,743
Less
than
2­
year
................
333,226
 
 
 
 
 
333,226
84,350
248,876
18,015
230,861
Men
.................................
127,947
 
 
 
 
 
127,947
39,899
88,048
7,310
80,738
Women
...........................
205,279
 
 
 
 
 
205,279
44,451
160,828
10,705
150,123
Staff,
fall
1995
4
Total
........................................
2,770,704
2,662,075
1,865,930
796,145
769,698
26,447
108,629
31,327
77,302
24,941
52,361
Professional
staff
...............
1,831,016
1,744,867
1,230,006
514,861
493,375
21,486
86,149
23,384
62,765
19,004
43,761
Administrative
.................
163,314
147,445
82,396
65,049
62,541
2,508
15,869
2,320
13,549
3,385
10,164
Faculty
............................
988,441
931,706
656,833
274,873
260,900
13,973
56,735
17,597
39,138
12,705
26,433
Faculty
assistants
...........
219,218
215,909
181,743
34,166
33,129
1,037
3,309
1,394
1,915
494
1,421
Other
professionals
........
460,043
449,807
309,034
140,773
136,805
3,968
10,236
2,073
8,163
2,420
5,743
Nonprofessional
staff
.........
939,688
917,208
635,924
281,284
276,323
4,961
22,480
7,943
14,537
5,937
8,600
Student/
staff
ratio
....................
5.5
5.4
5.9
4.0
3.8
9.1
7.8
8.9
7.4
7.3
7.4
Degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Less
than
1­
year
awards
and
1­
to
4­
year
awards
.............
620,669
240,576
181,340
59,236
13,428
45,808
380,093
126,018
254,075
20,831
233,244
4­
year
institutions
...............
19,587
19,306
8,728
10,578
7,868
2,710
281
 
281
281
 
Men
.................................
9,105
9,039
4,542
4,497
3,049
1,448
66
 
66
66
 
Women
...........................
10,482
10,267
4,186
6,081
4,819
1,262
215
 
215
215
 
2­
year
institutions
...............
328,663
221,270
172,612
48,658
5,560
43,098
107,393
73,433
33,960
7,618
26,342
Men
.................................
137,379
94,197
75,546
18,651
2,523
16,128
43,182
33,110
10,072
1,897
8,175
Women
...........................
191,284
127,073
97,066
30,007
3,037
26,970
64,211
40,323
23,888
5,721
18,167
Less
than
2­
year
................
272,419
 
 
 
 
 
272,419
52,585
219,834
12,932
206,902
Men
.................................
92,541
 
 
 
 
 
92,541
23,259
69,282
5,675
63,607
Women
...........................
179,878
 
 
 
 
 
179,878
29,326
150,552
7,257
143,295
Associate
................................
557,858
555,216
454,291
100,925
50,678
50,247
2,642
161
2,481
571
1,910
4­
year
.................................
80,347
79,863
36,170
43,693
31,857
11,836
484
55
429
253
176
Men
.................................
34,172
34,003
14,438
19,565
12,046
7,519
169
23
146
92
54
Women
...........................
46,175
45,860
21,732
24,128
19,811
4,317
315
32
283
161
122
2­
year
.................................
477,454
475,353
418,121
57,232
18,821
38,411
2,101
88
2,013
318
1,695
Men
.................................
186,321
185,511
162,573
22,938
7,270
15,668
810
51
759
194
565
Women
...........................
291,133
289,842
255,548
34,294
11,551
22,743
1,291
37
1,254
124
1,130
Less
than
2­
year
................
57
 
 
 
 
 
57
18
39
 
39
Men
.................................
23
 
 
 
 
 
23
17
6
 
6
Women
...........................
34
 
 
 
 
 
34
1
33
 
33
Bachelor's
...............................
1,166,963
1,164,792
774,070
390,722
379,916
10,806
2,171
194
1,977
1,855
122
Men
....................................
523,652
522,454
350,446
172,008
165,859
6,149
1,198
97
1,101
1,017
84
Women
...............................
643,311
642,338
423,624
218,714
214,057
4,657
973
97
876
838
38
Master's
..................................
407,778
406,301
227,179
179,122
175,263
3,859
1,477
 
1,477
1,435
42
Men
....................................
180,120
179,081
96,624
82,457
80,397
2,060
1,039
 
1,039
1,006
33
Women
...............................
227,658
227,220
130,555
96,665
94,866
1,799
438
 
438
429
9
Doctor's
...................................
44,730
44,652
29,516
15,136
14,853
283
78
 
78
55
23
Men
....................................
26,903
26,841
17,738
9,103
8,970
133
62
 
62
47
15
Women
...............................
17,827
17,811
11,778
6,033
5,883
150
16
 
16
8
8
First­
professional
....................
76,998
76,734
29,882
46,852
46,532
320
264
 
264
264
 
Men
....................................
44,979
44,748
16,586
28,162
27,981
181
231
 
231
231
 
Women
...............................
32,019
31,986
13,296
18,690
18,551
139
33
 
33
33
 
1
Includes
non­
degree­
granting
institutions
with
non­
accredited
degree
programs.

2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

3
Preliminary
data
are
for
institutions
that
did
not
offer
accredited
4­
year
or
2­
year
degree
programs
or
were
not
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
Includes
some
schools
with
non­
accredited
degree
programs.
4
Staff
data
under
degree­
granting
institutions
are
for
institutions
of
higher
education.
Staff
data
under
non­
degree
granting
institutions
are
for
noncollegiate
institutions.
 
Not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,''
``
Staff,''
and
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
195
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
SUMMARY
Table
171.
 
Historical
summary
of
faculty,
students,
degrees,
and
finances
in
institutions
of
higher
education:
1869
 
70
to
1995
 
96
Item
1869
 
70
1879
 
80
1889
 
90
1899
 
1900
1909
 
10
1919
 
20
1929
 
30
1939
 
40
1949
 
50
1959
 
60
1969
 
70
1979
 
80
1989
 
90
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Total
institutions
1
....................
563
811
998
977
951
1,041
1,409
1,708
1,851
2,004
2,525
3,152
3,535
3,688
3,706
Total
faculty
2
.............................
3
5,553
3
11,522
3
15,809
23,868
36,480
48,615
82,386
146,929
246,722
380,554
4
450,000
4
675,000
5
824,220
3,5
923,000
5
931,706
Men
........................................
3
4,887
3
7,328
3
12,704
19,151
29,132
35,807
60,017
106,328
186,189
296,773
4
346,000
4
479,000
5
577,298
 
562,893
Women
...................................
3
666
3
4,194
3
3,105
4,717
7,348
12,808
22,369
40,601
60,533
83,781
4
104,000
4
196,000
5
246,922
 
368,813
Total
fall
enrollment
6
.................
352,286
3115,817
3
156,756
237,592
3
355,213
597,880
1,100,737
1,494,203
2,659,021
3,639,847
8,004,660
11,569,899
13,538,560
14,278,790
14,261,781
Men
........................................
341,160
3
77,972
3
100,453
152,254
3
214,648
314,938
619,935
893,250
1,853,068
2,332,617
4,746,201
5,682,877
6,190,015
6,371,898
6,342,539
Women
...................................
311,126
3
37,845
3
56,303
85,338
3
140,565
282,942
480,802
600,953
805,953
1,307,230
3,258,459
5,887,022
7,348,545
7,906,892
7,919,242
Earned
degrees
conferred
Associate,
total
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
206,023
400,910
455,102
539,691
7
555,216
Men
........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
117,432
183,737
191,195
218,352
7
219,514
Women
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
88,591
217,173
263,907
321,339
7
335,702
Bachelor's,
8
total
.........................
9,371
12,896
15,539
27,410
37,199
48,622
122,484
186,500
432,058
392,440
792,316
929,417
1,051,344
1,160,134
7
1,164,792
Men
........................................
7,993
10,411
12,857
22,173
28,762
31,980
73,615
109,546
328,841
254,063
451,097
473,611
491,696
526,131
7
522,454
Women
...................................
1,378
2,485
2,682
5,237
8,437
16,642
48,869
76,954
103,217
138,377
341,219
455,806
559,648
634,003
7
642,338
Master's,
9
total
............................
0
879
1,015
1,583
2,113
4,279
14,969
26,731
58,183
74,435
208,291
298,081
324,301
397,629
7
406,301
Men
........................................
0
868
821
1,280
1,555
2,985
8,925
16,508
41,220
50,898
125,624
150,749
153,653
178,598
7
179,081
Women
...................................
0
11
194
303
558
1,294
6,044
10,223
16,963
23,537
82,667
147,332
170,648
219,031
7
227,220
First­
professional,
8
total
..............
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
34,918
70,131
70,988
75,800
7
76,734
Men
........................................
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
33,077
52,716
43,961
44,853
7
44,748
Women
...................................
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
(
8)
1,841
17,415
27,027
30,947
731,986
Doctor's,
total
..............................
1
54
149
382
443
615
2,299
3,290
6,420
9,829
29,866
32,615
38,371
44,446
7
44,652
Men
........................................
1
51
147
359
399
522
1,946
2,861
5,804
8,801
25,890
22,943
24,401
26,916
7
26,841
Women
...................................
0
3
2
23
44
93
353
429
616
1,028
3,976
9,672
13,970
17,530
7
17,811
Finances,
in
thousands
Current­
fund
revenue
.................
 
 
 
 
$
76,883
$
199,922
$
554,511
$
715,211
$
2,374,645
$
5,785,537
$
21,515,242
$
58,519,982
$
139,635,477
$
189,120,570
7
$
197,973,236
Educational
and
general
income
....................................
 
 
$
21,464
$
35,084
67,917
172,929
483,065
571,288
1,833,845
4,688,352
16,486,177
 
 
 
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
507,142
674,688
2,245,661
5,601,376
21,043,113
56,913,588
134,655,571
182,968,610
7
190,476,163
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
377,903
521,990
1,706,444
4,685,258
16,845,212
44,542,843
105,585,076
144,158,002
7
151,445,605
Value
of
physical
property
..........
 
 
95,426
253,599
457,594
747,333
2,065,049
10
2,753,780
4,799,964
13,548,548
42,093,580
83,733,387
164,635,000
212,201,113
7
220,400,104
Market
value
of
endowment
funds
.......................................
 
 
11
78,788
11
194,998
11323,661
11
569,071
11
1,372,068
11
1,686,283
11
2,601,223
11
5,322,080
11,206,632
20,743,045
67,978,726
109,706,704
7
128,837,030
1
Prior
to
1979
 
80,
excludes
branch
campuses.

2
Total
number
of
different
individuals
(
not
reduced
to
full­
time
equivalent).
Beginning
in
1959
 
60,
data
are
for
the
first
term
of
the
academic
year.
Beginning
in
1969
 
70,
data
include
only
instructional
faculty
with
the
rank
of
instructor
or
above.

3
Estimated.

4
Estimated
number
of
senior
instructional
staff.
Excludes
graduate
assistants.

5
Because
of
revised
survey
procedures,
data
may
not
be
directly
comparable
with
figures
prior
to
1989
 
90.

6
Data
for
1869
 
70
to
1949
 
50
are
for
resident
degree­
credit
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.

7
Preliminary
data
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

8
From
1869
 
70
to
1959
 
60,
first­
professional
degrees
included
under
bachelor's
degrees.
9
Figures
for
years
prior
to
1969
 
70
are
not
precisely
comparable
with
later
data.

10
Includes
unexpended
plant
funds.

11
Book
value.
Includes
other
nonexpendable
funds.

 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Biennial
Survey
of
Education
in
the
United
States;
Education
Directory,
Colleges
and
Universities;
Faculty
and
Other
Professional
Staff
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities;
Earned
Degrees
Conferred;
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
and
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education,''
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred,''
and
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,''
``

Completions
and
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
196
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
172.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex
of
student,
and
control
of
institution:
1947
to
1996
Year
Total
enrollment
Attendance
status
Sex
of
student
Control
of
institution
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Public
Private
Total
Nonprofit
Proprietary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Institutions
of
higher
education
1947
1
..............
2,338,226
 
 
1,659,249
678,977
1,152,377
1,185,849
 
 
1948
1
..............
2,403,396
 
 
1,709,367
694,029
1,185,588
1,217,808
 
 
1949
1
..............
2,444,900
 
 
1,721,572
723,328
1,207,151
1,237,749
 
 
1950
1
..............
2,281,298
 
 
1,560,392
720,906
1,139,699
1,141,599
 
 
1951
1
..............
2,101,962
 
 
1,390,740
711,222
1,037,938
1,064,024
 
 
1952
1
..............
2,134,242
 
 
1,380,357
753,885
1,101,240
1,033,002
 
 
1953
1
..............
2,231,054
 
 
1,422,598
808,456
1,185,876
1,045,178
 
 
1954
1
..............
2,446,693
 
 
1,563,382
883,311
1,353,531
1,093,162
 
 
1955
1
..............
2,653,034
 
 
1,733,184
919,850
1,476,282
1,176,752
 
 
1956
1
..............
2,918,212
 
 
1,911,458
1,006,754
1,656,402
1,261,810
 
 
1957
................
3,323,783
 
 
2,170,765
1,153,018
1,972,673
1,351,110
 
 
1959
................
3,639,847
2,421,016
2
1,218,831
2,332,617
1,307,230
2,180,982
1,458,865
 
 
1961
................
4,145,065
2,785,133
2
1,359,932
2,585,821
1,559,244
2,561,447
1,583,618
 
 
1963
................
4,779,609
3,183,833
2
1,595,776
2,961,540
1,818,069
3,081,279
1,698,330
 
 
1964
................
5,280,020
3,573,238
2
1,706,782
3,248,713
2,031,307
3,467,708
1,812,312
 
 
1965
................
5,920,864
4,095,728
2
1,825,136
3,630,020
2,290,844
3,969,596
1,951,268
 
 
1966
................
6,389,872
4,438,606
2
1,951,266
3,856,216
2,533,656
4,348,917
2,040,955
 
 
1967
................
6,911,748
4,793,128
2
2,118,620
4,132,800
2,778,948
4,816,028
2,095,720
 
 
1968
................
7,513,091
5,210,155
2,302,936
4,477,649
3,035,442
5,430,652
2,082,439
 
 
1969
................
8,004,660
5,498,883
2,505,777
4,746,201
3,258,459
5,896,868
2,107,792
 
 
1970
................
8,580,887
5,816,290
2,764,597
5,043,642
3,537,245
6,428,134
2,152,753
 
 
1971
................
8,948,644
6,077,232
2,871,412
5,207,004
3,741,640
6,804,309
2,144,335
 
 
1972
................
9,214,820
6,072,389
3,142,471
5,238,757
3,976,103
7,070,635
2,144,185
 
 
1973
................
9,602,123
6,189,493
3,412,630
5,371,052
4,231,071
7,419,516
2,182,607
 
 
1974
................
10,223,729
6,370,273
3,853,456
5,622,429
4,601,300
7,988,500
2,235,229
 
 
1975
................
11,184,859
6,841,334
4,343,525
6,148,997
5,035,862
8,834,508
2,350,351
 
 
1976
................
11,012,137
6,717,058
4,295,079
5,810,828
5,201,309
8,653,477
2,358,660
2,314,298
44,362
1977
................
11,285,787
6,792,925
4,492,862
5,789,016
5,496,771
8,846,993
2,438,794
2,386,652
52,142
1978
................
11,260,092
6,667,657
4,592,435
5,640,998
5,619,094
8,785,893
2,474,199
2,408,331
65,868
1979
................
11,569,899
6,794,039
4,775,860
5,682,877
5,887,022
9,036,822
2,533,077
2,461,773
71,304
1980
................
12,096,895
7,097,958
4,998,937
5,874,374
6,222,521
9,457,394
2,639,501
2,527,787
3
111,714
1981
................
12,371,672
7,181,250
5,190,422
5,975,056
6,396,616
9,647,032
2,724,640
2,572,405
3
152,235
1982
................
12,425,780
7,220,618
5,205,162
6,031,384
6,394,396
9,696,087
2,729,693
2,552,739
3
176,954
1983
................
12,464,661
7,261,050
5,203,611
6,023,725
6,440,936
9,682,734
2,781,927
2,589,187
192,740
1984
................
12,241,940
7,098,388
5,143,552
5,863,574
6,378,366
9,477,370
2,764,570
2,574,419
190,151
1985
................
12,247,055
7,075,221
5,171,834
5,818,450
6,428,605
9,479,273
2,767,782
2,571,791
195,991
1986
................
12,503,511
7,119,550
5,383,961
5,884,515
6,618,996
9,713,893
2,789,618
2,572,479
4
217,139
1987
................
12,766,642
7,231,085
5,535,557
5,932,056
6,834,586
9,973,254
2,793,388
2,602,350
4
191,038
1988
................
13,055,337
7,436,768
5,618,569
6,001,896
7,053,441
10,161,388
2,893,949
2,673,567
220,382
1989
................
13,538,560
7,660,950
5,877,610
6,190,015
7,348,545
10,577,963
2,960,597
2,731,174
229,423
1990
................
13,818,637
7,820,985
5,997,652
6,283,909
7,534,728
10,844,717
2,973,920
2,760,227
213,693
1991
................
14,358,953
8,115,329
6,243,624
6,501,844
7,857,109
11,309,563
3,049,390
2,819,041
230,349
1992
................
14,487,359
8,162,118
6,325,241
6,523,989
7,963,370
11,384,567
3,102,792
2,872,523
230,269
1993
................
14,304,803
8,127,618
6,177,185
6,427,450
7,877,353
11,189,088
3,115,715
2,888,897
226,818
1994
................
14,278,790
8,137,776
6,141,014
6,371,898
7,906,892
11,133,680
3,145,110
2,910,107
235,003
1995
................
14,261,781
8,128,802
6,132,979
6,342,539
7,919,242
11,092,374
3,169,407
2,929,044
240,363
1996
5
..............
14,300,255
8,213,490
6,086,765
6,343,992
7,956,263
11,090,171
3,210,084
2,940,557
269,527
Degree­
granting
institutions
6
1996
5
..............
14,367,520
8,302,953
6,064,567
6,352,825
8,014,695
11,120,499
3,247,021
2,942,556
304,465
1
Degree­
credit
enrollment
only.

2
Includes
part­
time
resident
students
and
all
extension
students.

3
Large
increases
are
due
to
the
addition
of
schools
accredited
by
the
Accrediting
Commission
of
Career
Schools
and
Colleges
of
Technology.

4
Because
of
imputation
techniques,
data
are
not
consistent
with
figures
for
other
years.

5
Preliminary
data.

6
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification
except
that
it
includes
some
additional,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1998.)
197
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
173.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1965
to
1996
Year
All
institutions
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Institutions
of
higher
education
1965
1
....................
5,920,864
4,747,912
 
 
1,172,952
3,969,596
2,928,332
 
 
1,041,264
1,951,268
1,819,580
 
 
131,688
1966
1
....................
6,389,872
5,063,902
 
 
1,325,970
4,348,917
3,159,748
 
 
1,189,169
2,040,955
1,904,154
 
 
136,801
1967
1
....................
6,911,748
5,398,986
 
 
1,512,762
4,816,028
3,443,975
 
 
1,372,053
2,095,720
1,955,011
 
 
140,709
1968
1
....................
7,513,091
5,720,795
 
 
1,792,296
5,430,652
3,784,178
 
 
1,646,474
2,082,439
1,936,617
 
 
145,822
1969
......................
8,004,660
5,937,127
 
 
2,067,533
5,896,868
3,962,522
 
 
1,934,346
2,107,792
1,974,605
 
 
133,187
1970
......................
8,580,887
6,261,502
 
 
2,319,385
6,428,134
4,232,722
 
 
2,195,412
2,152,753
2,028,780
 
 
123,973
1971
......................
8,948,644
6,369,355
 
 
2,579,289
6,804,309
4,346,990
 
 
2,457,319
2,144,335
2,022,365
 
 
121,970
1972
......................
9,214,820
6,458,634
 
 
2,756,186
7,070,635
4,429,696
 
 
2,640,939
2,144,185
2,028,938
 
 
115,247
1973
......................
9,602,123
6,590,023
 
 
3,012,100
7,419,516
4,529,895
 
 
2,889,621
2,182,607
2,060,128
 
 
122,479
1974
......................
10,223,729
6,819,735
 
 
3,403,994
7,988,500
4,703,018
 
 
3,285,482
2,235,229
2,116,717
 
 
118,512
1975
......................
11,184,859
7,214,740
2,838,266
4,376,474
3,970,119
8,834,508
4,998,142
2,124,221
2,873,921
3,836,366
2,350,351
2,216,598
714,045
1,502,553
133,753
1976
......................
11,012,137
7,128,816
2,780,289
4,348,527
3,883,321
8,653,477
4,901,691
2,079,929
2,821,762
3,751,786
2,358,660
2,227,125
700,360
1,526,765
131,535
1977
......................
11,285,787
7,242,845
2,793,418
4,449,427
4,042,942
8,846,993
4,945,224
2,070,032
2,875,192
3,901,769
2,438,794
2,297,621
723,386
1,574,235
141,173
1978
......................
11,260,092
7,231,625
2,780,729
4,451,222
4,028,467
8,785,893
4,912,203
2,062,295
2,849,908
3,873,690
2,474,199
2,319,422
718,434
1,601,314
154,777
1979
......................
11,569,899
7,353,233
2,839,582
4,513,651
4,216,666
9,036,822
4,980,012
2,099,525
2,880,487
4,056,810
2,533,077
2,373,221
740,057
1,633,164
159,856
1980
......................
12,096,895
7,570,608
2,902,014
4,668,594
4,526,287
9,457,394
5,128,612
2,154,283
2,974,329
4,328,782
2,639,501
2,441,996
747,731
1,694,265
2
197,505
1981
......................
12,371,672
7,655,461
2,901,344
4,754,117
4,716,211
9,647,032
5,166,324
2,152,474
3,013,850
4,480,708
2,724,640
2,489,137
748,870
1,740,267
2
235,503
1982
......................
12,425,780
7,654,074
2,883,735
4,770,339
4,771,706
9,696,087
5,176,434
2,152,547
3,023,887
4,519,653
2,729,693
2,477,640
731,188
1,746,452
252,053
1983
......................
12,464,661
7,741,195
2,888,813
4,852,382
4,723,466
9,682,734
5,223,404
2,154,790
3,068,614
4,459,330
2,781,927
2,517,791
734,023
1,783,768
264,136
1984
......................
12,241,940
7,711,167
2,870,329
4,840,838
4,530,773
9,477,370
5,198,273
2,138,621
3,059,652
4,279,097
2,764,570
2,512,894
731,708
1,781,186
251,676
1985
......................
12,247,055
7,715,978
2,870,692
4,845,286
4,531,077
9,479,273
5,209,540
2,141,112
3,068,428
4,269,733
2,767,782
2,506,438
729,580
1,776,858
261,344
1986
......................
12,503,511
7,823,963
2,897,207
4,926,756
4,679,548
9,713,893
5,300,202
2,160,646
3,139,556
4,413,691
2,789,618
2,523,761
736,561
1,787,200
3
265,857
1987
......................
12,766,642
7,990,420
2,929,327
5,061,093
4,776,222
9,973,254
5,432,200
2,188,008
3,244,192
4,541,054
2,793,388
2,558,220
741,319
1,816,901
3
235,168
1988
......................
13,055,337
8,180,182
2,978,593
5,201,589
4,875,155
10,161,388
5,545,901
2,229,868
3,316,033
4,615,487
2,893,949
2,634,281
748,725
1,885,556
259,668
1989
......................
13,538,560
8,387,671
3,019,115
5,368,556
5,150,889
10,577,963
5,694,303
2,266,056
3,428,247
4,883,660
2,960,597
2,693,368
753,059
1,940,309
267,229
1990
......................
13,818,637
8,578,554
3,044,670
5,533,884
5,240,083
10,844,717
5,848,242
2,290,464
3,557,778
4,996,475
2,973,920
2,730,312
754,206
1,976,106
243,608
1991
......................
14,358,953
8,707,053
3,065,429
5,641,624
5,651,900
11,309,563
5,904,748
2,301,222
3,603,526
5,404,815
3,049,390
2,802,305
764,207
2,038,098
247,085
1992
......................
14,487,359
8,764,969
3,050,345
5,714,624
5,722,390
11,384,567
5,900,012
2,283,834
3,616,178
5,484,555
3,102,792
2,864,957
766,511
2,098,446
237,835
1993
......................
14,304,803
8,738,936
3,022,728
5,716,208
5,565,867
11,189,088
5,851,760
2,259,692
3,592,068
5,337,328
3,115,715
2,887,176
763,036
2,124,140
228,539
1994
......................
14,278,790
8,749,080
3,009,072
5,740,008
5,529,710
11,133,680
5,825,213
2,244,636
3,580,577
5,308,467
3,145,110
2,923,867
764,436
2,159,431
221,243
1995
......................
14,261,781
8,769,252
2,999,641
5,769,611
5,492,529
11,092,374
5,814,545
2,235,939
3,578,606
5,277,829
3,169,407
2,954,707
763,702
2,191,005
214,700
1996
4
....................
14,300,255
8,802,835
2,984,965
5,817,870
5,497,420
11,090,171
5,806,904
2,226,529
3,580,375
5,283,267
3,210,084
2,995,931
758,436
2,237,495
214,153
Degree­
granting
institutions
5
1996
4
....................
14,367,520
8,804,193
2,984,965
5,819,228
5,563,327
11,120,499
5,806,036
2,226,529
3,579,507
5,314,463
3,247,021
2,998,157
758,436
2,239,721
248,864
1
Data
for
2
 
year
branch
campuses
of
4
 
year
institutions
are
included
with
the
4
 
year
institutions.

2
Large
increases
are
due
to
the
addition
of
schools
accredited
by
the
Accrediting
Commission
of
Career
Schools
and
Colleges
of
Technology.

3
Because
of
imputation
techniques,
data
are
not
consistent
with
figures
for
other
years.

4
Preliminary
data.

5
Data
are
for
4
 
year
and
2
 
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs
The
new
degree­
granting
clasification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification,
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2
 
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1998.)
198
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
174.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
age:
1970
to
2008
[
In
thousands]

Sex
and
age
1970
1975
1980
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
Projected
1997
1998
1999
2000
2008
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Men
and
women,
total
........
8,581
11,185
12,097
13,819
14,305
14,279
14,262
14,300
14,350
14,590
14,758
14,889
16,083
14
to
17
years
old
............
259
278
247
177
127
138
148
229
187
201
202
209
252
18
and
19
years
old
.........
2,600
2,786
2,901
2,950
2,840
2,787
2,894
3,004
3,089
3,247
3,347
3,390
3,842
20
and
21
years
old
.........
1,880
2,243
2,424
2,761
2,674
2,724
2,705
2,643
2,644
2,720
2,778
2,890
3,228
22
to
24
years
old
............
1,457
1,753
1,989
2,144
2,570
2,482
2,411
2,316
2,138
2,115
2,150
2,171
2,535
25
to
29
years
old
............
1,074
1,774
1,871
1,982
2,002
1,985
2,120
2,124
2,028
1,994
1,946
1,895
2,130
30
to
34
years
old
............
487
967
1,243
1,322
1,345
1,414
1,236
1,194
1,249
1,247
1,242
1,245
1,236
35
years
old
and
over
......
823
1,383
1,421
2,484
2,747
2,750
2,747
2,790
3,014
3,066
3,091
3,089
2,861
Men
...................................
5,044
6,149
5,874
6,284
6,427
6,372
6,343
6,344
6,239
6,324
6,383
6,442
6,906
14
to
17
years
old
.........
130
126
99
87
54
62
61
92
88
98
94
99
110
18
and
19
years
old
......
1,349
1,397
1,375
1,421
1,288
1,302
1,338
1,342
1,374
1,434
1,474
1,492
1,667
20
and
21
years
old
......
1,095
1,245
1,259
1,368
1,284
1,264
1,282
1,224
1,215
1,246
1,271
1,323
1,456
22
to
24
years
old
.........
964
1,047
1,064
1,107
1,344
1,238
1,153
1,175
1,038
1,030
1,050
1,063
1,227
25
to
29
years
old
.........
783
1,122
993
940
903
936
962
993
954
942
922
899
1,001
30
to
34
years
old
.........
308
557
576
537
584
601
561
480
561
555
550
548
523
35
years
old
and
over
...
415
654
507
824
970
969
986
1,039
1,009
1,019
1,022
1,019
922
Women
.............................
3,537
5,036
6,223
7,535
7,877
7,907
7,919
7,956
8,111
8,266
8,375
8,447
9,177
14
to
17
years
old
.........
129
152
148
90
73
75
87
137
99
103
108
110
142
18
and
19
years
old
......
1,250
1,389
1,526
1,529
1,552
1,485
1,557
1,662
1,715
1,813
1,872
1,898
2,176
20
and
21
years
old
......
786
998
1,165
1,392
1,391
1,461
1,424
1,419
1,429
1,474
1,507
1,567
1,772
22
to
24
years
old
.........
493
706
925
1,037
1,226
1,243
1,258
1,141
1,101
1,085
1,101
1,108
1,307
25
to
29
years
old
.........
291
652
878
1,043
1,098
1,049
1,159
1,131
1,075
1,052
1,025
996
1,128
30
to
34
years
old
.........
179
410
667
784
761
812
675
714
688
692
693
697
712
35
years
old
and
over
...
409
729
914
1,659
1,777
1,781
1,760
1,752
2,004
2,047
2,069
2,070
1,939
Full­
time
............................
5,816
6,841
7,098
7,821
8,128
8,138
8,129
8,213
8,091
8,280
8,426
8,543
9,562
14
to
17
years
old
.........
242
253
223
144
92
118
123
164
160
166
173
176
216
18
and
19
years
old
......
2,406
2,619
2,669
2,548
2,370
2,321
2,387
2,516
2,649
2,799
2,892
2,933
3,341
20
and
21
years
old
......
1,647
1,910
2,075
2,151
2,148
2,178
2,109
2,098
2,112
2,185
2,239
2,334
2,625
22
to
24
years
old
.........
881
924
1,121
1,350
1,612
1,551
1,517
1,586
1,344
1,329
1,351
1,363
1,599
25
to
29
years
old
.........
407
630
577
770
839
869
908
902
827
803
777
751
845
30
to
34
years
old
.........
100
264
251
387
424
440
430
379
404
399
393
389
375
35
years
old
and
over
...
134
241
182
471
643
660
653
568
595
600
601
597
561
Men
...............................
3,505
3,927
3,689
3,808
3,891
3,855
3,807
3,816
3,667
3,718
3,768
3,816
4,182
14
to
17
years
old
.....
124
114
87
71
37
51
54
71
77
78
80
80
91
18
and
19
years
old
..
1,265
1,329
1,270
1,230
1,079
1,081
1,091
1,111
1,167
1,223
1,260
1,277
1,427
20
and
21
years
old
..
990
1,074
1,109
1,055
1,003
1,029
999
961
956
984
1,006
1,049
1,155
22
to
24
years
old
.....
650
633
665
742
896
811
789
853
679
670
680
687
790
25
to
29
years
old
.....
327
445
360
401
443
457
454
440
414
401
387
375
411
30
to
34
years
old
.....
72
181
124
156
180
193
183
143
171
166
163
161
149
35
years
old
and
over
75
149
74
152
253
232
238
237
205
197
191
186
159
Women
..........................
2,311
2,915
3,409
4,013
4,237
4,283
4,321
4,398
4,424
4,562
4,658
4,727
5,380
14
to
17
years
old
.....
117
138
136
73
55
67
69
93
84
88
93
95
125
18
and
19
years
old
..
1,140
1,290
1,399
1,318
1,291
1,240
1,296
1,405
1,482
1,576
1,632
1,657
1,914
20
and
21
years
old
..
657
835
966
1,096
1,145
1,149
1,111
1,137
1,156
1,201
1,233
1,285
1,469
22
to
24
years
old
.....
231
291
456
608
716
740
729
734
665
660
671
675
810
25
to
29
years
old
.....
80
185
217
369
396
412
455
462
413
402
389
376
434
30
to
34
years
old
.....
28
83
127
231
244
247
247
236
234
232
230
228
226
35
years
old
and
over
59
92
108
319
390
428
415
331
390
403
410
411
402
Part­
time
...........................
2,765
4,344
4,998
5,998
6,177
6,141
6,133
6,087
6,259
6,310
6,332
6,346
6,520
14
to
17
years
old
.........
17
42
38
32
35
19
25
65
27
35
29
33
36
18
and
19
years
old
......
194
340
418
402
470
466
507
488
440
448
454
456
501
20
and
21
years
old
......
233
447
441
610
526
546
596
544
533
535
539
557
603
22
to
24
years
old
.........
576
717
844
794
958
930
894
729
794
786
799
808
935
25
to
29
years
old
.........
668
1,032
1,209
1,213
1,163
1,116
1,212
1,222
1,201
1,191
1,170
1,144
1,285
30
to
34
years
old
.........
388
670
905
935
921
973
805
815
845
849
850
856
860
35
years
old
and
over
...
689
1,098
1,145
2,012
2,104
2,091
2,093
2,222
2,419
2,466
2,490
2,491
2,300
Men
...............................
1,540
2,222
2,185
2,476
2,537
2,517
2,535
2,528
2,572
2,606
2,615
2,626
2,724
14
to
17
years
old
.....
5
18
17
16
17
11
7
21
12
20
14
18
19
18
and
19
years
old
..
84
153
202
191
210
220
246
231
207
211
214
215
239
20
and
21
years
old
..
105
219
201
313
281
235
283
263
260
263
265
274
300
22
to
24
years
old
.....
314
358
392
365
448
427
365
323
359
360
370
375
438
25
to
29
years
old
.....
456
631
594
539
460
479
508
553
540
541
534
524
590
30
to
34
years
old
.....
236
361
397
381
404
408
378
337
390
389
387
387
374
35
years
old
and
over
340
486
382
672
717
737
748
801
805
822
831
833
763
Women
..........................
1,225
2,121
2,814
3,521
3,640
3,624
3,598
3,558
3,687
3,704
3,717
3,720
3,797
14
to
17
years
old
.....
12
24
20
17
18
8
18
45
15
15
15
15
17
18
and
19
years
old
..
110
188
215
211
261
245
261
257
233
237
240
241
262
20
and
21
years
old
..
128
228
240
297
245
311
313
282
273
273
274
283
303
22
to
24
years
old
.....
262
359
452
429
510
504
529
407
436
425
430
433
497
25
to
29
years
old
.....
212
401
616
674
702
637
704
669
661
650
636
620
695
30
to
34
years
old
.....
151
309
507
554
517
565
427
478
455
460
463
469
487
35
years
old
and
over
349
612
762
1,340
1,386
1,354
1,345
1,421
1,614
1,644
1,659
1,659
1,537
NOTE.
 
Distributions
by
age
are
estimates
based
on
samples
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Historical
numbers
may
differ
from
those
in
previous
editions.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
``
Social
and
Economic
Characteristics
of
Students,''
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
199
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
175.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level,
sex,
age,
and
attendance
status
of
student:
1995
Attendance
status
and
age
of
student
All
levels
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
students
..........................
14,261,781
6,342,539
7,919,242
12,231,719
5,401,130
6,830,589
297,592
173,897
123,695
1,732,470
767,512
964,958
Under
18
...........................
285,383
114,735
170,648
284,759
114,456
170,303
77
40
37
547
239
308
18
and
19
.........................
2,796,149
1,256,770
1,539,379
2,794,635
1,256,001
1,538,634
352
179
173
1,162
590
572
20
and
21
.........................
2,617,440
1,220,653
1,396,787
2,597,107
1,211,777
1,385,330
7,366
3,249
4,117
12,967
5,627
7,340
22
to
24
............................
2,356,678
1,157,227
1,199,451
1,991,784
991,364
1,000,420
107,149
58,389
48,760
257,745
107,474
150,271
25
to
29
............................
2,113,799
1,008,579
1,105,220
1,484,742
690,986
793,756
110,853
68,846
42,007
518,204
248,747
269,457
30
to
34
............................
1,295,176
561,110
734,066
954,866
380,067
574,799
33,729
21,577
12,152
306,581
159,466
147,115
35
to
39
............................
980,171
376,083
604,088
757,416
272,998
484,418
16,661
10,089
6,572
206,094
92,996
113,098
40
to
49
............................
1,234,660
427,681
806,979
910,307
309,117
601,190
15,529
8,496
7,033
308,824
110,068
198,756
50
to
64
............................
356,036
123,342
232,694
269,524
94,144
175,380
3,408
1,696
1,712
83,104
27,502
55,602
65
and
over
......................
80,950
33,454
47,496
75,125
30,799
44,326
336
192
144
5,489
2,463
3,026
Age
unknown
....................
145,339
62,905
82,434
111,454
49,421
62,033
2,132
1,144
988
31,753
12,340
19,413
Full­
time
.................................
8,128,802
3,807,392
4,321,410
7,145,268
3,296,610
3,848,658
266,414
155,056
111,358
717,120
355,726
361,394
Under
18
...........................
115,479
45,123
70,356
115,193
44,988
70,205
61
30
31
225
105
120
18
and
19
.........................
2,395,257
1,072,206
1,323,051
2,394,042
1,071,549
1,322,493
345
176
169
870
481
389
20
and
21
.........................
2,088,263
977,094
1,111,169
2,070,547
969,175
1,101,372
7,260
3,199
4,061
10,456
4,720
5,736
22
to
24
............................
1,501,692
771,189
730,503
1,224,186
637,463
586,723
104,110
56,754
47,356
173,396
76,972
96,424
25
to
29
............................
951,825
493,254
458,571
597,685
295,896
301,789
101,168
62,741
38,427
252,972
134,617
118,355
30
to
34
............................
423,324
191,737
231,587
280,133
108,369
171,764
27,121
17,307
9,814
116,070
66,061
50,009
35
to
39
............................
265,514
104,568
160,946
191,114
66,111
125,003
12,180
7,296
4,884
62,220
31,161
31,059
40
to
49
............................
279,755
106,129
173,626
194,854
70,101
124,753
10,284
5,580
4,704
74,617
30,448
44,169
50
to
64
............................
57,402
22,360
35,042
38,184
14,816
23,368
2,068
1,025
1,043
17,150
6,519
10,631
65
and
over
......................
6,615
3,282
3,333
5,481
2,679
2,802
236
139
97
898
464
434
Age
unknown
....................
43,676
20,450
23,226
33,849
15,463
18,386
1,581
809
772
8,246
4,178
4,068
Part­
time
................................
6,132,979
2,535,147
3,597,832
5,086,451
2,104,520
2,981,931
31,178
18,841
12,337
1,015,350
411,786
603,564
Under
18
...........................
169,904
69,612
100,292
169,566
69,468
100,098
16
10
6
322
134
188
18
and
19
.........................
400,892
184,564
216,328
400,593
184,452
216,141
7
3
4
292
109
183
20
and
21
.........................
529,177
243,559
285,618
526,560
242,602
283,958
106
50
56
2,511
907
1,604
22
to
24
............................
854,986
386,038
468,948
767,598
353,901
413,697
3,039
1,635
1,404
84,349
30,502
53,847
25
to
29
............................
1,161,974
515,325
646,649
887,057
395,090
491,967
9,685
6,105
3,580
265,232
114,130
151,102
30
to
34
............................
871,852
369,373
502,479
674,733
271,698
403,035
6,608
4,270
2,338
190,511
93,405
97,106
35
to
39
............................
714,657
271,515
443,142
566,302
206,887
359,415
4,481
2,793
1,688
143,874
61,835
82,039
40
to
49
............................
954,905
321,552
633,353
715,453
239,016
476,437
5,245
2,916
2,329
234,207
79,620
154,587
50
to
64
............................
298,634
100,982
197,652
231,340
79,328
152,012
1,340
671
669
65,954
20,983
44,971
65
and
over
......................
74,335
30,172
44,163
69,644
28,120
41,524
100
53
47
4,591
1,999
2,592
Age
unknown
....................
101,663
42,455
59,208
77,605
33,958
43,647
551
335
216
23,507
8,162
15,345
Percentage
distribution
All
students
..........................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under
18
...........................
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.5
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
18
and
19
.........................
19.6
19.8
19.4
22.8
23.3
22.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
20
and
21
.........................
18.4
19.2
17.6
21.2
22.4
20.3
2.5
1.9
3.3
0.7
0.7
0.8
22
to
24
............................
16.5
18.2
15.1
16.3
18.4
14.6
36.0
33.6
39.4
14.9
14.0
15.6
25
to
29
............................
14.8
15.9
14.0
12.1
12.8
11.6
37.2
39.6
34.0
29.9
32.4
27.9
30
to
34
............................
9.1
8.8
9.3
7.8
7.0
8.4
11.3
12.4
9.8
17.7
20.8
15.2
35
to
39
............................
6.9
5.9
7.6
6.2
5.1
7.1
5.6
5.8
5.3
11.9
12.1
11.7
40
to
49
............................
8.7
6.7
10.2
7.4
5.7
8.8
5.2
4.9
5.7
17.8
14.3
20.6
50
to
64
............................
2.5
1.9
2.9
2.2
1.7
2.6
1.1
1.0
1.4
4.8
3.6
5.8
65
and
over
......................
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
Age
unknown
....................
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.8
1.6
2.0
Full­
time
.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under
18
...........................
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.8
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
18
and
19
.........................
29.5
28.2
30.6
33.5
32.5
34.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
20
and
21
.........................
25.7
25.7
25.7
29.0
29.4
28.6
2.7
2.1
3.6
1.5
1.3
1.6
22
to
24
............................
18.5
20.3
16.9
17.1
19.3
15.2
39.1
36.6
42.5
24.2
21.6
26.7
25
to
29
............................
11.7
13.0
10.6
8.4
9.0
7.8
38.0
40.5
34.5
35.3
37.8
32.7
30
to
34
............................
5.2
5.0
5.4
3.9
3.3
4.5
10.2
11.2
8.8
16.2
18.6
13.8
35
to
39
............................
3.3
2.7
3.7
2.7
2.0
3.2
4.6
4.7
4.4
8.7
8.8
8.6
40
to
49
............................
3.4
2.8
4.0
2.7
2.1
3.2
3.9
3.6
4.2
10.4
8.6
12.2
50
to
64
............................
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.9
2.4
1.8
2.9
65
and
over
......................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Age
unknown
....................
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.2
1.1
Part­
time
................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under
18
...........................
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
0.1
0.1
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
18
and
19
.........................
6.5
7.3
6.0
7.9
8.8
7.2
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
20
and
21
.........................
8.6
9.6
7.9
10.4
11.5
9.5
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.3
22
to
24
............................
13.9
15.2
13.0
15.1
16.8
13.9
9.7
8.7
11.4
8.3
7.4
8.9
25
to
29
............................
18.9
20.3
18.0
17.4
18.8
16.5
31.1
32.4
29.0
26.1
27.7
25.0
30
to
34
............................
14.2
14.6
14.0
13.3
12.9
13.5
21.2
22.7
19.0
18.8
22.7
16.1
35
to
39
............................
11.7
10.7
12.3
11.1
9.8
12.1
14.4
14.8
13.7
14.2
15.0
13.6
40
to
49
............................
15.6
12.7
17.6
14.1
11.4
16.0
16.8
15.5
18.9
23.1
19.3
25.6
50
to
64
............................
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.5
3.8
5.1
4.3
3.6
5.4
6.5
5.1
7.5
65
and
over
......................
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
Age
unknown
....................
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.0
2.5
1
Less
than
0.05
percent.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
100.0
percent.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1995''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1997.)
200
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
176.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution,
and
age
and
attendance
status
of
student:
1995
Attendance
status
and
age
of
student
All
institutions
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All
students
..................................................................................
14,261,781
8,769,252
5,492,529
11,092,374
5,814,545
5,277,829
3,169,407
2,954,707
214,700
Under
18
...................................................................................
285,383
120,128
165,255
232,944
71,696
161,248
52,439
48,432
4,007
18
and
19
.................................................................................
2,796,149
1,771,315
1,024,834
2,149,691
1,171,170
978,521
646,458
600,145
46,313
20
and
21
.................................................................................
2,617,440
1,803,281
814,159
2,006,878
1,225,544
781,334
610,562
577,737
32,825
22
to
24
....................................................................................
2,356,678
1,619,883
736,795
1,888,417
1,183,191
705,226
468,261
436,692
31,569
25
to
29
....................................................................................
2,113,799
1,323,542
790,257
1,629,437
872,668
756,769
484,362
450,874
33,488
30
to
34
....................................................................................
1,295,176
710,029
585,147
1,009,461
446,471
562,990
285,715
263,558
22,157
35
to
39
....................................................................................
980,171
500,210
479,961
769,045
306,134
462,911
211,126
194,076
17,050
40
to
49
....................................................................................
1,234,660
650,510
584,150
967,950
401,321
566,629
266,710
249,189
17,521
50
to
64
....................................................................................
356,036
159,542
196,494
286,672
94,425
192,247
69,364
65,117
4,247
65
and
over
..............................................................................
80,950
19,877
61,073
74,103
13,424
60,679
6,847
6,453
394
Age
unknown
............................................................................
145,339
90,935
54,404
77,776
28,501
49,275
67,563
62,434
5,129
Full­
time
.........................................................................................
8,128,802
6,151,755
1,977,047
5,925,301
4,084,711
1,840,590
2,203,501
2,067,044
136,457
Under
18
...................................................................................
115,479
74,749
40,730
80,738
42,529
38,209
34,741
32,220
2,521
18
and
19
.................................................................................
2,395,257
1,697,545
697,712
1,766,874
1,111,423
655,451
628,383
586,122
42,261
20
and
21
.................................................................................
2,088,263
1,665,857
422,406
1,512,500
1,115,658
396,842
575,763
550,199
25,564
22
to
24
....................................................................................
1,501,692
1,243,540
258,152
1,136,955
899,614
237,341
364,737
343,926
20,811
25
to
29
....................................................................................
951,825
741,706
210,119
675,068
483,407
191,661
276,757
258,299
18,458
30
to
34
....................................................................................
423,324
296,556
126,768
303,791
187,311
116,480
119,533
109,245
10,288
35
to
39
....................................................................................
265,514
174,137
91,377
189,805
105,424
84,381
75,709
68,713
6,996
40
to
49
....................................................................................
279,755
185,797
93,958
196,730
109,114
87,616
83,025
76,683
6,342
50
to
64
....................................................................................
57,402
36,010
21,392
38,404
18,391
20,013
18,998
17,619
1,379
65
and
over
..............................................................................
6,615
3,115
3,500
4,637
1,238
3,399
1,978
1,877
101
Age
unknown
............................................................................
43,676
32,743
10,933
19,799
10,602
9,197
23,877
22,141
1,736
Part­
time
........................................................................................
6,132,979
2,617,497
3,515,482
5,167,073
1,729,834
3,437,239
965,906
887,663
78,243
Under
18
...................................................................................
169,904
45,379
124,525
152,206
29,167
123,039
17,698
16,212
1,486
18
and
19
.................................................................................
400,892
73,770
327,122
382,817
59,747
323,070
18,075
14,023
4,052
20
and
21
.................................................................................
529,177
137,424
391,753
494,378
109,886
384,492
34,799
27,538
7,261
22
to
24
....................................................................................
854,986
376,343
478,643
751,462
283,577
467,885
103,524
92,766
10,758
25
to
29
....................................................................................
1,161,974
581,836
580,138
954,369
389,261
565,108
207,605
192,575
15,030
30
to
34
....................................................................................
871,852
413,473
458,379
705,670
259,160
446,510
166,182
154,313
11,869
35
to
39
....................................................................................
714,657
326,073
388,584
579,240
200,710
378,530
135,417
125,363
10,054
40
to
49
....................................................................................
954,905
464,713
490,192
771,220
292,207
479,013
183,685
172,506
11,179
50
to
64
....................................................................................
298,634
123,532
175,102
248,268
76,034
172,234
50,366
47,498
2,868
65
and
over
..............................................................................
74,335
16,762
57,573
69,466
12,186
57,280
4,869
4,576
293
Age
unknown
............................................................................
101,663
58,192
43,471
57,977
17,899
40,078
43,686
40,293
3,393
Percentage
distribution
All
students
..................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under
18
...................................................................................
2.0
1.4
3.0
2.1
1.2
3.1
1.7
1.6
1.9
18
and
19
.................................................................................
19.6
20.2
18.7
19.4
20.1
18.5
20.4
20.3
21.6
20
and
21
.................................................................................
18.4
20.6
14.8
18.1
21.1
14.8
19.3
19.6
15.3
22
to
24
....................................................................................
16.5
18.5
13.4
17.0
20.3
13.4
14.8
14.8
14.7
25
to
29
....................................................................................
14.8
15.1
14.4
14.7
15.0
14.3
15.3
15.3
15.6
30
to
34
....................................................................................
9.1
8.1
10.7
9.1
7.7
10.7
9.0
8.9
10.3
35
to
39
....................................................................................
6.9
5.7
8.7
6.9
5.3
8.8
6.7
6.6
7.9
40
to
49
....................................................................................
8.7
7.4
10.6
8.7
6.9
10.7
8.4
8.4
8.2
50
to
64
....................................................................................
2.5
1.8
3.6
2.6
1.6
3.6
2.2
2.2
2.0
65
and
over
..............................................................................
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.7
0.2
1.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
Age
unknown
............................................................................
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.9
2.1
2.1
2.4
Full­
time
.........................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under
18
...................................................................................
1.4
1.2
2.1
1.4
1.0
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.8
18
and
19
.................................................................................
29.5
27.6
35.3
29.8
27.2
35.6
28.5
28.4
31.0
20
and
21
.................................................................................
25.7
27.1
21.4
25.5
27.3
21.6
26.1
26.6
18.7
22
to
24
....................................................................................
18.5
20.2
13.1
19.2
22.0
12.9
16.6
16.6
15.3
25
to
29
....................................................................................
11.7
12.1
10.6
11.4
11.8
10.4
12.6
12.5
13.5
30
to
34
....................................................................................
5.2
4.8
6.4
5.1
4.6
6.3
5.4
5.3
7.5
35
to
39
....................................................................................
3.3
2.8
4.6
3.2
2.6
4.6
3.4
3.3
5.1
40
to
49
....................................................................................
3.4
3.0
4.8
3.3
2.7
4.8
3.8
3.7
4.6
50
to
64
....................................................................................
0.7
0.6
1.1
0.6
0.5
1.1
0.9
0.9
1.0
65
and
over
..............................................................................
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
Age
unknown
............................................................................
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.5
1.1
1.1
1.3
Part­
time
........................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Under
18
...................................................................................
2.8
1.7
3.5
2.9
1.7
3.6
1.8
1.8
1.9
18
and
19
.................................................................................
6.5
2.8
9.3
7.4
3.5
9.4
1.9
1.6
5.2
20
and
21
.................................................................................
8.6
5.3
11.1
9.6
6.4
11.2
3.6
3.1
9.3
22
to
24
....................................................................................
13.9
14.4
13.6
14.5
16.4
13.6
10.7
10.5
13.7
25
to
29
....................................................................................
18.9
22.2
16.5
18.5
22.5
16.4
21.5
21.7
19.2
30
to
34
....................................................................................
14.2
15.8
13.0
13.7
15.0
13.0
17.2
17.4
15.2
35
to
39
....................................................................................
11.7
12.5
11.1
11.2
11.6
11.0
14.0
14.1
12.8
40
to
49
....................................................................................
15.6
17.8
13.9
14.9
16.9
13.9
19.0
19.4
14.3
50
to
64
....................................................................................
4.9
4.7
5.0
4.8
4.4
5.0
5.2
5.4
3.7
65
and
over
..............................................................................
1.2
0.6
1.6
1.3
0.7
1.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
Age
unknown
............................................................................
1.7
2.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
4.5
4.5
4.3
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
100.0
percent.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1995''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1997.)
201
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
177.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level
of
enrollment,
sex,
attendance
status,
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
1996
1
Attendance
status,
and
type
and
control
of
institution
Total
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Higher
education
institutions
Total
..................................................
14,300,255
6,343,992
7,956,263
12,259,417
5,411,058
6,848,359
297,739
172,462
125,277
1,743,099
760,472
982,627
Full­
time
................................................
8,213,490
3,815,519
4,397,971
7,210,698
3,303,961
3,906,737
266,812
153,983
112,829
735,980
357,575
378,405
Part­
time
...............................................
6,086,765
2,528,473
3,558,292
5,048,719
2,107,097
2,941,622
30,927
18,479
12,448
1,007,119
402,897
604,222
Total
4­
year
...........................................
8,802,835
3,995,901
4,806,934
6,762,544
3,063,089
3,699,455
297,739
172,462
125,277
1,742,552
760,350
982,202
Full­
time
.............................................
6,226,868
2,933,912
3,292,956
5,224,166
2,422,374
2,801,792
266,812
153,983
112,829
735,890
357,555
378,335
Part­
time
............................................
2,575,967
1,061,989
1,513,978
1,538,378
640,715
897,663
30,927
18,479
12,448
1,006,662
402,795
603,867
Total
2­
year
...........................................
5,497,420
2,348,091
3,149,329
5,496,873
2,347,969
3,148,904
 
 
 
547
122
425
Full­
time
.............................................
1,986,622
881,607
1,105,015
1,986,532
881,587
1,104,945
 
 
 
90
20
70
Part­
time
............................................
3,510,798
1,466,484
2,044,314
3,510,341
1,466,382
2,043,959
 
 
 
457
102
355
Public,
total
................................................
11,090,171
4,887,537
6,202,634
9,905,339
4,368,021
5,537,318
116,385
63,608
52,777
1,068,447
455,908
612,539
Full­
time
................................................
5,964,174
2,767,918
3,196,256
5,410,564
2,490,931
2,919,633
111,395
60,951
50,444
442,215
216,036
226,179
Part­
time
...............................................
5,125,997
2,119,619
3,006,378
4,494,775
1,877,090
2,617,685
4,990
2,657
2,333
626,232
239,872
386,360
Public
4­
year
.........................................
5,806,904
2,646,777
3,160,127
4,622,497
2,127,360
2,495,137
116,385
63,608
52,777
1,068,022
455,809
612,213
Full­
time
.............................................
4,106,094
1,943,086
2,163,008
3,552,484
1,666,099
1,886,385
111,395
60,951
50,444
442,215
216,036
226,179
Part­
time
............................................
1,700,810
703,691
997,119
1,070,013
461,261
608,752
4,990
2,657
2,333
625,807
239,773
386,034
Public
2­
year
.........................................
5,283,267
2,240,760
3,042,507
5,282,842
2,240,661
3,042,181
 
 
 
425
99
326
Full­
time
.............................................
1,858,080
824,832
1,033,248
1,858,080
824,832
1,033,248
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part­
time
............................................
3,425,187
1,415,928
2,009,259
3,424,762
1,415,829
2,008,933
 
 
 
425
99
326
Private,
total
...............................................
3,210,084
1,456,455
1,753,629
2,354,078
1,043,037
1,311,041
181,354
108,854
72,500
674,652
304,564
370,088
Full­
time
................................................
2,249,316
1,047,601
1,201,715
1,800,134
813,030
987,104
155,417
93,032
62,385
293,765
141,539
152,226
Part­
time
...............................................
960,768
408,854
551,914
553,944
230,007
323,937
25,937
15,822
10,115
380,887
163,025
217,862
Private
4­
year
.......................................
2,995,931
1,349,124
1,646,807
2,140,047
935,729
1,204,318
181,354
108,854
72,500
674,530
304,541
369,989
Full­
time
.............................................
2,120,774
990,826
1,129,948
1,671,682
756,275
915,407
155,417
93,032
62,385
293,675
141,519
152,156
Part­
time
............................................
875,157
358,298
516,859
468,365
179,454
288,911
25,937
15,822
10,115
380,855
163,022
217,833
Private
2­
year
.......................................
214,153
107,331
106,822
214,031
107,308
106,723
 
 
 
122
23
99
Full­
time
.............................................
128,542
56,775
71,767
128,452
56,755
71,697
 
 
 
90
20
70
Part­
time
............................................
85,611
50,556
35,055
85,579
50,553
35,026
 
 
 
32
3
29
Degree­
granting
institutions
2
Total
..................................................
14,367,520
6,352,825
8,014,695
12,326,948
5,420,672
6,906,276
298,312
172,742
125,570
1,742,260
759,411
982,849
Full­
time
................................................
8,302,953
3,851,208
4,451,745
7,298,839
3,339,108
3,959,731
267,209
154,107
113,102
736,905
357,993
378,912
Part­
time
...............................................
6,064,567
2,501,617
3,562,950
5,028,109
2,081,564
2,946,545
31,103
18,635
12,468
1,005,355
401,418
603,937
Total
4­
year
...........................................
8,804,193
3,993,911
4,810,282
6,764,168
3,061,880
3,702,288
298,312
172,742
125,570
1,741,713
759,289
982,424
Full­
time
.............................................
6,230,648
2,934,736
3,295,912
5,226,624
2,422,656
2,803,968
267,209
154,107
113,102
736,815
357,973
378,842
Part­
time
............................................
2,573,545
1,059,175
1,514,370
1,537,544
639,224
898,320
31,103
18,635
12,468
1,004,898
401,316
603,582
Total
2­
year
...........................................
5,563,327
2,358,914
3,204,413
5,562,780
2,358,792
3,203,988
 
 
 
547
122
425
Full­
time
.............................................
2,072,305
916,472
1,155,833
2,072,215
916,452
1,155,763
 
 
 
90
20
70
Part­
time
............................................
3,491,022
1,442,442
2,048,580
3,490,565
1,442,340
2,048,225
 
 
 
457
102
355
Public,
total
................................................
11,120,499
4,902,453
6,218,046
9,935,283
4,382,751
5,552,532
116,665
63,742
52,923
1,068,551
455,960
612,591
Full­
time
................................................
5,978,467
2,776,098
3,202,369
5,424,498
2,498,938
2,925,560
111,650
61,072
50,578
442,319
216,088
226,231
Part­
time
...............................................
5,142,032
2,126,355
3,015,677
4,510,785
1,883,813
2,626,972
5,015
2,670
2,345
626,232
239,872
386,360
Public
4­
year
.........................................
5,806,036
2,646,337
3,159,699
4,621,245
2,126,734
2,494,511
116,665
63,742
52,923
1,068,126
455,861
612,265
Full­
time
.............................................
4,106,453
1,943,259
2,163,194
3,552,484
1,666,099
1,886,385
111,650
61,072
50,578
442,319
216,088
226,231
Part­
time
............................................
1,699,583
703,078
996,505
1,068,761
460,635
608,126
5,015
2,670
2,345
625,807
239,773
386,034
Public
2­
year
.........................................
5,314,463
2,256,116
3,058,347
5,314,038
2,256,017
3,058,021
 
 
 
425
99
326
Full­
time
.............................................
1,872,014
832,839
1,039,175
1,872,014
832,839
1,039,175
 
 
 
 
 
 
Part­
time
............................................
3,442,449
1,423,277
2,019,172
3,442,024
1,423,178
2,018,846
 
 
 
425
99
326
Private,
total
...............................................
3,247,021
1,450,372
1,796,649
2,391,665
1,037,921
1,353,744
181,647
109,000
72,647
673,709
303,451
370,258
Full­
time
................................................
2,324,486
1,075,110
1,249,376
1,874,341
840,170
1,034,171
155,559
93,035
62,524
294,586
141,905
152,681
Part­
time
...............................................
922,535
375,262
547,273
517,324
197,751
319,573
26,088
15,965
10,123
379,123
161,546
217,577
Private
4­
year
.......................................
2,998,157
1,347,574
1,650,583
2,142,923
935,146
1,207,777
181,647
109,000
72,647
673,587
303,428
370,159
Full­
time
.............................................
2,124,195
991,477
1,132,718
1,674,140
756,557
917,583
155,559
93,035
62,524
294,496
141,885
152,611
Part­
time
............................................
873,962
356,097
517,865
468,783
178,589
290,194
26,088
15,965
10,123
379,091
161,543
217,548
Private
2­
year
.......................................
248,864
102,798
146,066
248,742
102,775
145,967
 
 
 
122
23
99
Full­
time
.............................................
200,291
83,633
116,658
200,201
83,613
116,588
 
 
 
90
20
70
Part­
time
............................................
48,573
19,165
29,408
48,541
19,162
29,379
 
 
 
32
3
29
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification,
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
202
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
178.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution,
attendance
status,
and
sex
of
student:
1970
to
1996
Type
and
control
of
institution,
sex
and
attendance
status
of
student
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree
granting
institutions,
fall
1996
2
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
....................
8,580,887
11,184,859
12,096,895
12,247,055
13,818,637
14,358,953
14,487,359
14,304,803
14,278,790
14,261,781
14,300,255
14,367,520
Full­
time
..................
5,816,290
6,841,334
7,097,958
7,075,221
7,820,985
8,115,329
8,162,118
8,127,618
8,137,776
8,128,802
8,213,490
8,302,953
Men
....................
3,504,095
3,926,753
3,689,244
3,607,720
3,807,752
3,929,375
3,926,905
3,890,571
3,855,183
3,807,392
3,815,519
3,851,208
Women
...............
2,312,195
2,914,581
3,408,714
3,467,501
4,013,233
4,185,954
4,235,213
4,237,047
4,282,593
4,321,410
4,397,971
4,451,745
Part­
time
..................
2,764,597
4,343,525
4,998,937
5,171,834
5,997,652
6,243,624
6,325,241
6,177,185
6,141,014
6,132,979
6,086,765
6,064,567
Men
....................
1,539,547
2,222,244
2,185,130
2,210,730
2,476,157
2,572,469
2,597,084
2,536,879
2,516,715
2,535,147
2,528,473
2,501,617
Women
...............
1,225,050
2,121,281
2,813,807
2,961,104
3,521,495
3,671,155
3,728,157
3,640,306
3,624,299
3,597,832
3,558,292
3,562,950
4­
year,
total
.............
6,261,502
7,214,740
7,570,608
7,715,978
8,578,554
8,707,053
8,764,969
8,738,936
8,749,080
8,769,252
8,802,835
8,804,193
Full­
time
..............
4,587,379
5,080,256
5,344,163
5,384,614
5,937,023
6,040,799
6,082,112
6,084,299
6,106,062
6,151,755
6,226,868
6,230,648
Men
.................
2,732,796
2,891,192
2,809,528
2,781,412
2,926,360
2,967,978
2,975,089
2,962,355
2,943,593
2,929,177
2,933,912
2,934,736
Women
...........
1,854,583
2,189,064
2,534,635
2,603,202
3,010,663
3,072,821
3,107,023
3,121,944
3,162,469
3,222,578
3,292,956
3,295,912
Part­
time
.............
1,674,123
2,134,484
2,226,445
2,331,364
2,641,531
2,666,254
2,682,857
2,654,637
2,643,018
2,617,497
2,575,967
2,573,545
Men
.................
936,189
1,092,461
1,017,813
1,034,804
1,124,780
1,131,956
1,135,624
1,119,636
1,105,102
1,084,753
1,061,989
1,059,175
Women
...........
737,934
1,042,023
1,208,632
1,296,560
1,516,751
1,534,298
1,547,233
1,535,001
1,537,916
1,532,744
1,513,978
1,514,370
Public
4­
year
......
4,232,722
4,998,142
5,128,612
5,209,540
5,848,242
5,904,748
5,900,012
5,851,760
5,825,213
5,814,545
5,806,904
5,806,036
Full­
time
..........
3,086,491
3,469,821
3,592,193
3,623,341
4,033,654
4,088,970
4,095,310
4,074,055
4,065,067
4,084,711
4,106,094
4,106,453
Men
.............
1,813,584
1,947,823
1,873,397
1,863,689
1,982,369
2,005,941
2,005,043
1,989,410
1,965,524
1,951,140
1,943,086
1,943,259
Women
........
1,272,907
1,521,998
1,718,796
1,759,652
2,051,285
2,083,029
2,090,267
2,084,645
2,099,543
2,133,571
2,163,008
2,163,194
Part­
time
.........
1,146,231
1,528,321
1,536,419
1,586,199
1,814,588
1,815,778
1,804,702
1,777,705
1,760,146
1,729,834
1,700,810
1,699,583
Men
.............
609,422
760,469
685,051
693,115
764,248
764,969
760,186
750,409
737,891
720,402
703,691
703,078
Women
........
536,809
767,852
851,368
893,084
1,050,340
1,050,809
1,044,516
1,027,296
1,022,255
1,009,432
997,119
996,505
Private
4­
year
.....
2,028,780
2,216,598
2,441,996
2,506,438
2,730,312
2,802,305
2,864,957
2,887,176
2,923,867
2,954,707
2,995,931
2,998,157
Full­
time
..........
1,500,888
1,610,435
1,751,970
1,761,273
1,903,369
1,951,829
1,986,802
2,010,244
2,040,995
2,067,044
2,120,774
2,124,195
Men
.............
919,212
943,369
936,131
917,723
943,991
962,037
970,046
972,945
978,069
978,037
990,826
991,477
Women
........
581,676
667,066
815,839
843,550
959,378
989,792
1,016,756
1,037,299
1,062,926
1,089,007
1,129,948
1,132,718
Part­
time
.........
527,892
606,163
690,026
745,165
826,943
850,476
878,155
876,932
882,872
887,663
875,157
873,962
Men
.............
326,767
331,992
332,762
341,689
360,532
366,987
375,438
369,227
367,211
364,351
358,298
356,097
Women
........
201,125
274,171
357,264
403,476
466,411
483,489
502,717
507,705
515,661
523,312
516,859
517,865
Nonprofit
4­
year
 
 
2,413,693
2,463,000
2,671,069
2,729,752
2,789,235
2,802,540
2,824,500
2,853,890
2,871,693
2,867,181
Full­
time
......
 
 
1,733,014
1,727,707
1,859,124
1,896,454
1,930,460
1,946,349
1,962,751
1,989,457
2,024,856
2,021,570
Men
..........
 
 
921,253
894,080
915,100
926,799
934,651
934,792
931,600
931,956
937,078
934,474
Women
....
 
 
811,761
833,627
944,024
969,655
995,809
1,011,557
1,031,151
1,057,501
1,087,778
1,087,096
Part­
time
......
 
 
680,679
735,293
811,945
833,298
858,775
856,191
861,749
864,433
846,837
845,611
Men
..........
 
 
327,986
336,168
352,106
357,431
364,442
357,705
355,538
351,874
342,826
341,460
Women
....
 
 
352,693
399,125
459,839
475,867
494,333
498,486
506,211
512,559
504,011
504,151
2­
year,
total
.............
2,319,385
3,970,119
4,526,287
4,531,077
5,240,083
5,651,900
5,722,390
5,565,867
5,529,710
5,492,529
5,497,420
5,563,327
Full­
time
..............
1,228,911
1,761,078
1,753,795
1,690,607
1,883,962
2,074,530
2,080,006
2,043,319
2,031,714
1,977,047
1,986,622
2,072,305
Men
.................
771,299
1,035,561
879,716
826,308
881,392
961,397
951,816
928,216
911,590
878,215
881,607
916,472
Women
...........
457,612
725,517
874,079
864,299
1,002,570
1,113,133
1,128,190
1,115,103
1,120,124
1,098,832
1,105,015
1,155,833
Part­
time
.............
1,090,474
2,209,041
2,772,492
2,840,470
3,356,121
3,577,370
3,642,384
3,522,548
3,497,996
3,515,482
3,510,798
3,491,022
Men
.................
603,358
1,129,783
1,167,317
1,175,926
1,351,377
1,440,513
1,461,460
1,417,243
1,411,613
1,450,394
1,466,484
1,442,442
Women
...........
487,116
1,079,258
1,605,175
1,664,544
2,004,744
2,136,857
2,180,924
2,105,305
2,086,383
2,065,088
2,044,314
2,048,580
Public
2­
year
......
2,195,412
3,836,366
4,328,782
4,269,733
4,996,475
5,404,815
5,484,555
5,337,328
5,308,467
5,277,829
5,283,267
5,314,463
Full­
time
..........
1,129,165
1,662,621
1,595,493
1,496,905
1,716,843
1,885,607
1,915,565
1,888,507
1,885,753
1,840,590
1,858,080
1,872,014
Men
.............
720,440
988,701
811,871
742,673
810,664
881,576
878,076
858,600
847,702
818,605
824,832
832,839
Women
........
408,725
673,920
783,622
754,232
906,179
1,004,031
1,037,489
1,029,907
1,038,051
1,021,985
1,033,248
1,039,175
Part­
time
.........
1,066,247
2,173,745
2,733,289
2,772,828
3,279,632
3,519,208
3,568,990
3,448,821
3,422,714
3,437,239
3,425,187
3,442,449
Men
.............
589,439
1,107,680
1,152,268
1,138,011
1,317,730
1,413,870
1,431,091
1,386,092
1,378,951
1,417,488
1,415,928
1,423,277
Women
........
476,808
1,066,065
1,581,021
1,634,817
1,961,902
2,105,338
2,137,899
2,062,729
2,043,763
2,019,751
2,009,259
2,019,172
Private
2­
year
.....
123,973
133,753
3
197,505
261,344
243,608
247,085
237,835
228,539
221,243
214,700
214,153
248,864
Full­
time
..........
99,746
98,457
3
158,302
193,702
167,119
188,923
164,441
154,812
145,961
136,457
128,542
200,291
Men
.............
50,859
46,860
3
67,845
83,635
70,728
79,821
73,740
69,616
63,888
59,610
56,775
83,633
Women
........
48,887
51,597
3
90,457
110,067
96,391
109,102
90,701
85,196
82,073
76,847
71,767
116,658
Part­
time
.........
24,227
35,296
3
39,203
67,642
76,489
58,162
73,394
73,727
75,282
78,243
85,611
48,573
Men
.............
13,919
22,103
3
15,049
37,915
33,647
26,643
30,369
31,151
32,662
32,906
50,556
19,165
Women
........
10,308
13,193
3
24,154
29,727
42,842
31,519
43,025
42,576
42,620
45,337
35,055
29,408
Nonprofit
2­
year
 
 
114,094
108,791
89,158
89,289
83,288
86,357
85,607
75,154
68,864
75,375
Full­
time
......
 
 
83,009
76,547
62,003
61,521
55,691
60,005
59,021
54,033
50,202
56,434
Men
..........
 
 
34,968
30,878
25,946
25,572
23,272
26,185
25,048
23,265
21,386
24,064
Women
....
 
 
48,041
45,669
36,057
35,949
32,419
33,820
33,973
30,768
28,816
32,370
Part­
time
......
 
 
31,085
32,244
27,155
27,768
27,597
26,352
26,586
21,121
18,662
18,941
Men
..........
 
 
11,445
10,786
7,970
7,689
7,738
7,649
7,530
6,080
5,227
5,337
Women
....
 
 
19,640
21,458
19,185
20,079
19,859
18,703
19,056
15,041
13,435
13,604
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
3
Large
increase
is
due
to
the
addition
of
schools
accredited
by
the
Accrediting
Commission
of
Career
Schools
and
Colleges
of
Technology.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
Systems
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
203
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
179.
 
Fall
enrollment
and
number
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
affiliation
1
of
institution:
1980
to
1996
Affiliation
Enrollment
Number
of
institutions
2
Total,

fall
1980
Total,

fall
1990
Total,
fall
1994
Total,
fall
1995
Fall
1996
3
Fall
1980
Fall
1990
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
All
institutions
.............................................................................
12,096,895
13,818,637
14,278,790
14,261,781
14,300,255
3,815,519
4,397,971
2,528,473
3,558,292
3,226
3,501
3,545
3,534
Public
institutions
..............................................................................
9,457,394
10,844,717
11,133,680
11,092,374
11,090,171
2,767,918
3,196,256
2,119,619
3,006,378
1,493
1,548
1,603
1,595
Federal
.........................................................................................
50,989
50,669
53,548
90,046
83,230
17,180
3,441
52,375
10,234
12
17
14
14
State
.............................................................................................
(
4)
7,181,380
7,869,965
7,842,782
7,905,241
2,279,593
2,611,138
1,228,344
1,786,166
(
4)
978
1,123
1,133
Local
............................................................................................
(
4)
3,508,941
3,064,925
3,023,723
2,980,820
442,188
547,291
816,500
1,174,841
(
4)
523
429
410
Other
public
.................................................................................
9,406,405
103,727
145,242
135,823
120,880
28,957
34,386
22,400
35,137
1,481
30
37
38
Private
institutions
............................................................................
2,639,501
2,973,920
3,145,110
3,169,407
3,210,084
1,047,601
1,201,715
408,854
551,914
1,733
1,953
1,942
1,939
Independent
nonprofit
..................................................................
1,521,614
1,474,818
1,506,994
1,511,151
1,515,330
513,017
552,813
191,779
257,721
795
709
716
708
Proprietary
...................................................................................
111,714
213,693
235,003
240,363
269,527
89,137
85,121
60,801
34,468
164
322
298
303
Religiously
affiliated
.....................................................................
1,006,173
1,285,409
1,403,113
1,417,893
1,425,227
445,447
563,781
156,274
259,725
774
922
928
928
Advent
Christian
Church
..........................................................
143
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
African
Methodist
Episcopal
Zion
Church
................................
1,091
88
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
1
 
 
African
Methodist
Episcopal
.....................................................
4,541
3,220
3,799
3,503
5,180
2,152
2,746
113
169
6
5
6
7
American
Baptist
......................................................................
6,131
10,800
12,221
11,394
11,532
2,906
3,864
1,555
3,207
11
15
12
12
American
Evangelical
Lutheran
Church
..................................
 
 
814
779
822
407
285
55
75
 
 
1
1
American
Lutheran
and
Lutheran
Church
in
America
.............
3,092
 
1,335
1,304
1,234
347
531
155
201
3
 
1
1
American
Lutheran
...................................................................
21,608
 
10,163
10,459
10,153
3,817
4,668
412
1,256
13
 
9
9
Assemblies
of
God
Church
......................................................
7,814
8,307
9,493
9,652
9,860
4,194
4,476
569
621
10
11
13
13
Baptist
......................................................................................
38,231
99,510
100,991
105,802
105,251
37,459
45,758
9,317
12,717
33
69
64
64
Brethren
Church
.......................................................................
3,925
958
1,447
1,456
1,414
589
620
101
104
3
3
3
3
Brethren
in
Christ
Church
........................................................
1,301
2,239
2,344
2,416
2,517
961
1,465
27
64
1
1
1
1
Christian
and
Missionary
Alliance
Church
...............................
1,705
2,519
3,386
3,723
3,953
1,465
1,851
272
365
3
4
4
4
Christian
Church
(
Disciples
of
Christ)
......................................
14,913
30,397
32,629
33,029
33,492
6,856
10,283
6,619
9,734
12
18
16
16
Christian
Churches
and
Churches
of
Christ
............................
1,342
2,263
3,394
3,494
4,616
1,872
1,839
560
345
7
8
11
13
Christian
Methodist
Episcopal
..................................................
2,486
2,174
2,456
2,598
1,881
848
949
36
48
4
4
3
2
Christian
Reformed
Church
.....................................................
5,408
4,488
4,075
4,205
4,308
1,793
2,106
213
196
3
2
2
2
Church
of
Christ
(
Scientist)
......................................................
2,773
2,557
4,222
4,320
4,407
1,729
1,997
438
243
6
8
5
5
Church
of
God
of
Prophecy
.....................................................
 
249
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
Church
of
God
..........................................................................
6,082
5,627
4,534
4,410
6,913
2,738
3,240
470
465
9
9
7
8
Church
of
New
Jerusalem
.......................................................
170
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
Church
of
the
Brethren
............................................................
8,482
4,463
2,870
2,812
2,856
1,025
1,551
112
168
6
5
3
3
Church
of
the
Nazarene
...........................................................
11,716
10,779
14,450
14,466
14,502
5,136
6,764
1,018
1,584
10
9
10
10
Churches
of
Christ
...................................................................
9,343
14,611
22,495
22,807
23,035
7,828
8,696
3,081
3,430
9
19
15
15
Cumberland
Presbyterian
........................................................
594
746
715
799
823
377
259
72
115
2
2
2
2
Evangelical
Congregational
Church
.........................................
80
88
95
65
95
11
1
63
20
1
1
1
1
Evangelical
Convent
Church
of
America
.................................
1,401
1,035
1,650
1,745
1,815
526
667
198
424
1
1
1
1
Evangelical
Free
Church
of
America
.......................................
833
2,355
3,840
3,778
3,937
1,364
1,128
1,001
444
1
2
4
3
Evangelical
Lutheran
Church
...................................................
743
49,210
38,218
39,089
38,666
13,912
19,023
2,143
3,588
3
33
26
26
Free
Methodist
.........................................................................
5,543
5,902
8,375
8,696
8,713
2,855
4,211
631
1,016
5
3
5
5
Free
Will
Baptist
Church
..........................................................
1,132
1,177
1,312
1,467
1,681
566
597
274
244
4
3
2
2
Friends
United
Meeting
............................................................
1,109
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
Friends
.....................................................................................
5,157
5,844
6,586
6,600
9,711
3,653
4,742
520
796
5
6
6
7
General
Conference
Mennonite
Church
..................................
820
1,243
899
1,046
1,095
504
466
39
86
2
2
1
1
Greek
Orthodox
........................................................................
204
148
197
168
179
137
28
10
4
1
1
1
1
Interdenominational
..................................................................
1,254
11,103
6,342
5,571
5,510
2,568
2,133
542
267
4
17
10
8
Jewish
......................................................................................
5,738
12,217
13,038
11,481
12,273
10,328
805
742
398
24
63
58
62
Latter­
Day
Saints
.....................................................................
39,172
42,274
40,296
40,086
42,371
18,040
20,774
1,685
1,872
4
4
3
4
Lutheran
Church
 
Missouri
Synod
..........................................
11,727
13,827
10,614
11,315
12,145
4,111
5,420
957
1,657
15
14
8
9
Lutheran
Church
in
America
....................................................
23,877
5,796
4,338
4,321
4,291
1,560
2,233
139
359
20
5
3
3
Mennonite
Brethren
Church
.....................................................
1,344
1,864
2,161
2,269
2,225
540
754
302
629
3
3
3
3
204
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
179.
 
Fall
enrollment
and
number
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
affiliation
1
of
institution:
1980
to
1996
 
Continued
Affiliation
Enrollment
Number
of
institutions
2
Total,

fall
1980
Total,

fall
1990
Total,
fall
1994
Total,
fall
1995
Fall
1996
3
Fall
1980
Fall
1990
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Mennonite
Church
....................................................................
4,008
2,859
3,462
3,502
3,427
1,226
1,661
215
325
6
5
5
5
Missionary
Church
Inc.
............................................................
487
699
1,201
1,352
1,467
350
553
175
389
1
1
1
1
Moravian
Church
......................................................................
2,434
2,511
2,741
2,804
2,861
640
1,291
283
647
2
2
2
2
Multiple
Protestant
Denominations
..........................................
5,526
211
167
164
7,580
2,095
3,221
1,181
1,083
8
1
1
8
North
American
Baptist
............................................................
155
 
170
186
179
75
40
39
25
1
 
1
1
Pentecostal
Holiness
Church
...................................................
767
566
968
1,002
1,237
464
484
124
165
3
3
3
4
Presbyterian
U.
S.
and
United
Presbyterian
.............................
47,144
77,700
69,790
70,357
71,034
27,258
33,311
4,038
6,427
57
70
65
64
Presbyterian
Church
in
America
..............................................
 
1,877
3,745
3,809
2,183
881
804
333
165
 
1
3
3
Protestant
Episcopal
................................................................
5,396
4,559
4,514
4,603
4,593
1,862
2,327
170
234
12
9
11
11
Protestant,
other
.......................................................................
4,072
38,136
59,870
60,386
54,427
18,227
22,588
5,427
8,185
11
44
67
61
Reformed
Church
in
America
..................................................
2,713
5,525
5,419
5,582
5,327
2,156
2,860
128
183
4
4
4
4
Reformed
Episcopal
Church
....................................................
67
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
Reformed
Presbyterian
Church
...............................................
2,014
1,556
1,767
1,771
1,819
704
758
173
184
4
2
2
2
Reorganized
Latter­
Day
Saints
Church
...................................
4,274
4,793
10,508
11,063
11,746
2,517
2,469
2,356
4,404
2
1
2
2
Roman
Catholic
........................................................................
422,842
530,585
592,119
594,464
594,537
152,823
213,789
77,754
150,171
229
239
249
248
Russian
Orthodox
....................................................................
47
38
24
32
36
34
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
Seventh­
Day
Adventists
...........................................................
19,168
15,771
17,110
17,519
17,744
6,426
7,550
1,355
2,413
11
11
11
11
Southern
Baptist
.......................................................................
85,281
49,493
45,165
46,042
47,704
14,425
16,109
8,750
8,420
54
29
30
30
Undenominational
....................................................................
 
6,758
17,330
18,729
15,166
4,768
5,885
2,194
2,319
 
14
17
12
Unitarian
Universalist
...............................................................
87
82
106
126
131
37
73
10
11
2
2
2
2
United
Brethren
Church
...........................................................
545
601
635
721
740
297
345
64
34
1
1
1
1
United
Church
of
Christ
...........................................................
14,169
20,175
24,305
24,013
22,612
6,357
9,443
2,213
4,599
16
18
21
20
United
Methodist
......................................................................
127,099
148,851
146,935
148,091
148,926
50,579
63,992
13,523
20,832
91
96
90
91
Wesleyan
Church
.....................................................................
3,583
5,311
7,497
7,734
8,336
2,898
4,635
305
498
5
4
3
3
Wisconsin
Evangelical
Lutheran
Synod
...................................
808
931
1,142
1,165
1,218
567
601
19
31
1
3
2
2
Other
religiously
affiliated
.........................................................
462
5,743
10,629
11,551
6,741
2,607
2,062
1,002
1,070
1
9
14
12
1
Religious
affiliation
as
reported
by
institutions
of
higher
education.

2
Because
data
are
derived
from
the
``
Fall
Enrollment''
survey,
counts
of
institutions
may
differ
from
counts
in
other
tables.

3
Preliminary
data.

4
Included
under
``
Other
public.''

 
Data
not
applicable
or
not
reported.
NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
and
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys;

and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
and
``
Institutional
Characteristics''

surveys
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998).
205
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
180.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution,
and
attendance
status,
sex,
and
level
of
student:
1994
to
1996
Level
of
student
and
enrollment
status
Total,
fall
1994
Total,
fall
1995
1996
1
Degree­
granting
institutions,
fall
1996
2
Total
Public
4­
year
Private
4­
year
Public
2­
year
Private
2­
year
Total
Public
4­
year
Private
4­
year
Public
2­
year
Private
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
students
...............................
14,278,790
14,261,781
14,300,255
5,806,904
2,995,931
5,283,267
214,153
14,367,520
5,806,036
2,998,157
5,314,463
248,864
Undergraduate,
full­
time
and
part­
time
12,262,608
12,231,719
12,259,417
4,622,497
2,140,047
5,282,842
214,031
12,326,948
4,621,245
2,142,923
5,314,038
248,742
Degree
seeking
..............................
10,728,256
10,621,283
10,608,815
4,413,530
2,042,309
3,997,617
155,359
10,720,738
4,412,278
2,045,246
4,027,863
235,351
Men
.............................................
4,767,756
4,708,420
4,684,930
2,037,470
896,301
1,685,688
65,471
4,727,637
2,036,844
895,819
1,700,685
94,289
Women
........................................
5,960,500
5,912,863
5,923,885
2,376,060
1,146,008
2,311,929
89,888
5,993,101
2,375,434
1,149,427
2,327,178
141,062
First­
time
freshmen
.....................
2,133,205
2,168,831
2,193,429
741,164
425,959
967,971
58,335
2,274,319
741,164
427,442
989,536
116,177
Men
..........................................
984,558
1,001,052
1,013,616
340,810
194,823
450,816
27,167
1,046,662
340,810
195,302
461,549
49,001
Women
....................................
1,148,647
1,167,779
1,179,813
400,354
231,136
517,155
31,168
1,227,657
400,354
232,140
527,987
67,176
Other
first­
year
............................
2,501,937
2,433,434
2,421,277
496,603
199,410
1,683,824
41,440
2,416,098
496,603
198,757
1,677,072
43,666
Men
..........................................
1,070,025
1,046,475
1,047,280
233,141
90,265
706,940
16,934
1,044,926
233,141
89,334
704,467
17,984
Women
....................................
1,431,912
1,386,959
1,373,997
263,462
109,145
976,884
24,506
1,371,172
263,462
109,423
972,605
25,682
Second
year
................................
2,807,591
2,767,344
2,719,130
876,918
442,251
1,344,384
55,577
2,755,714
876,918
443,482
1,359,817
75,497
Men
..........................................
1,196,982
1,174,985
1,143,568
401,714
193,035
527,453
21,366
1,156,512
401,714
193,306
534,190
27,302
Women
....................................
1,610,609
1,592,359
1,575,562
475,204
249,216
816,931
34,211
1,599,202
475,204
250,176
825,627
48,195
Third
year
....................................
1,410,544
1,394,845
1,397,921
974,210
423,000
704
7
1,398,336
974,210
423,411
704
11
Men
..........................................
645,805
631,360
626,737
444,118
182,372
243
4
626,649
444,118
182,286
243
2
Women
....................................
764,739
763,485
771,184
530,092
240,628
461
3
771,687
530,092
241,125
461
9
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.............
1,722,393
1,714,665
1,728,819
1,260,108
468,082
629
 
1,729,076
1,260,108
468,339
629
 
Men
..........................................
806,598
795,243
792,455
588,953
203,309
193
 
792,331
588,953
203,185
193
 
Women
....................................
915,795
919,422
936,364
671,155
264,773
436
 
936,745
671,155
265,154
436
 
Unclassified
by
level
...................
152,586
142,164
148,239
64,527
83,607
105
 
147,195
63,275
83,815
105
 
Men
..........................................
63,788
59,305
61,274
28,734
32,497
43
 
60,557
28,108
32,406
43
 
Women
....................................
88,798
82,859
86,965
35,793
51,110
62
 
86,638
35,167
51,409
62
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
1,534,352
1,610,436
1,650,602
208,967
97,738
1,285,225
58,672
1,606,210
208,967
97,677
1,286,175
13,391
Men
.............................................
654,357
692,710
726,128
89,890
39,428
554,973
41,837
693,035
89,890
39,327
555,332
8,486
Women
........................................
879,995
917,726
924,474
119,077
58,310
730,252
16,835
913,175
119,077
58,350
730,843
4,905
Full­
time
..........................................
7,168,706
7,145,268
7,210,698
3,552,484
1,671,682
1,858,080
128,452
7,298,839
3,552,484
1,674,140
1,872,014
200,201
Degree
seeking
...........................
6,903,775
6,883,159
6,949,391
3,520,918
1,655,072
1,649,710
123,691
7,036,393
3,520,918
1,657,702
1,663,403
194,370
First­
time
freshmen
.................
1,603,106
1,646,812
1,674,178
694,390
400,397
528,297
51,094
1,739,852
694,390
401,408
539,359
104,695
Other
first­
year
........................
1,165,709
1,136,399
1,151,651
377,242
136,651
607,164
30,594
1,150,715
377,242
136,735
604,014
32,724
Second
year
............................
1,695,721
1,688,726
1,681,757
740,635
385,144
513,980
41,998
1,703,436
740,635
386,091
519,761
56,949
Third
year
................................
1,138,336
1,126,949
1,136,190
783,225
352,773
187
5
1,136,388
783,225
352,974
187
2
Fourth
year
and
beyond
..........
1,267,625
1,259,327
1,276,595
914,667
361,851
77
 
1,276,754
914,667
362,010
77
 
Unclassified
by
level
................
33,278
24,946
29,020
10,759
18,256
5
 
29,248
10,759
18,484
5
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.............
264,931
262,109
261,307
31,566
16,610
208,370
4,761
262,446
31,566
16,438
208,611
5,831
Part­
time
.........................................
5,093,902
5,086,451
5,048,719
1,070,013
468,365
3,424,762
85,579
5,028,109
1,068,761
468,783
3,442,024
48,541
Degree
seeking
...........................
3,824,481
3,738,124
3,659,424
892,612
387,237
2,347,907
31,668
3,684,345
891,360
387,544
2,364,460
40,981
First­
time
freshmen
.................
530,099
522,019
519,251
46,774
25,562
439,674
7,241
534,467
46,774
26,034
450,177
11,482
Other
first­
year
........................
1,336,228
1,297,035
1,269,626
119,361
62,759
1,076,660
10,846
1,265,383
119,361
62,022
1,073,058
10,942
Second
year
............................
1,111,870
1,078,618
1,037,373
136,283
57,107
830,404
13,579
1,052,278
136,283
57,391
840,056
18,548
Third
year
................................
272,208
267,896
261,731
190,985
70,227
517
2
261,948
190,985
70,437
517
9
Fourth
year
and
beyond
..........
454,768
455,338
452,224
345,441
106,231
552
 
452,322
345,441
106,329
552
 
Unclassified
by
level
................
119,308
117,218
119,219
53,768
65,351
100
 
117,947
52,516
65,331
100
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.............
1,269,421
1,348,327
1,389,295
177,401
81,128
1,076,855
53,911
1,343,764
177,401
81,239
1,077,564
7,560
Postbaccalaureate
...............................
2,016,182
2,030,062
2,040,838
1,184,407
855,884
425
122
2,040,572
1,184,791
855,234
425
122
First­
professional
............................
294,713
297,592
297,739
116,385
181,354
 
 
298,312
116,665
181,647
 
 
Full­
time
......................................
263,311
266,414
266,812
111,395
155,417
 
 
267,209
111,650
155,559
 
 
First­
time
..................................
80,286
78,890
77,581
30,590
46,991
 
 
77,695
30,696
46,999
 
 
Other
........................................
183,025
187,524
189,231
80,805
108,426
 
 
189,514
80,954
108,560
 
 
Part­
time
......................................
31,402
31,178
30,927
4,990
25,937
 
 
31,103
5,015
26,088
 
 
First­
time
..................................
9,872
10,760
9,429
820
8,609
 
 
9,533
845
8,688
 
 
Other
........................................
21,530
20,418
21,498
4,170
17,328
 
 
21,570
4,170
17,400
 
 
Graduate
students
..........................
1,721,469
1,732,470
1,743,099
1,068,022
674,530
425
122
1,742,260
1,068,126
673,587
425
122
Full­
time
......................................
705,759
717,120
735,980
442,215
293,675
 
90
736,905
442,319
294,496
 
90
Degree
seeking
.......................
665,966
670,222
688,493
403,791
284,612
 
90
689,883
403,895
285,898
 
90
First­
time
..............................
224,412
222,196
231,084
126,191
104,863
 
30
232,330
126,247
106,053
 
30
Other
degree
seeking
..........
441,554
448,026
457,409
277,600
179,749
 
60
457,553
277,648
179,845
 
60
Others
in
credit
courses
..........
39,793
46,898
47,487
38,424
9,063
 
 
47,022
38,424
8,598
 
 
Part­
time
......................................
1,015,710
1,015,350
1,007,119
625,807
380,855
425
32
1,005,355
625,807
379,091
425
32
Degree
seeking
.......................
774,962
775,811
773,707
450,850
322,688
137
32
772,760
450,850
321,741
137
32
First­
time
..............................
147,236
148,220
148,773
76,837
71,927
9
 
147,614
76,837
70,768
9
 
Other
degree
seeking
..........
627,726
627,591
624,934
374,013
250,761
128
32
625,146
374,013
250,973
128
32
Others
in
credit
courses
..........
240,748
239,539
233,412
174,957
58,167
288
 
232,595
174,957
57,350
288
 
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
206
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
181.
 
Total
first­
time
freshmen
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
sex
of
student,
attendance
status,
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1955
to
fall
1996
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total,
all
freshmen
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Type
of
institution,
by
control
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
4­
year
2­
year
Public
Private
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Institutions
of
higher
education
1955
1
...................
670
 
 
416
 
 
254
 
 
2
283
2
247
2
117
2
23
1956
1
...................
718
 
 
443
 
 
275
 
 
2
293
2
262
2
137
2
25
1957
1
...................
724
 
 
442
 
 
282
 
 
2
294
2
263
2
141
2
27
1958
1
...................
775
 
 
465
 
 
310
 
 
2
328
2
272
2
146
2
29
1959
1
...................
822
 
 
488
 
 
334
 
 
2
348
2
292
2
153
2
28
1960
1
...................
923
 
 
540
 
 
384
 
 
2
396
2
313
2
182
2
32
1961
1
...................
1,018
 
 
592
 
 
426
 
 
2
438
2
336
2
210
2
34
1962
1
...................
1,031
 
 
598
 
 
432
 
 
2
445
2
325
2
225
2
36
1963
1
...................
1,046
 
 
604
 
 
442
 
 
 
 
 
 
1964
1
...................
1,225
 
 
702
 
 
523
 
 
2
539
2
363
2
275
2
47
1965
1
...................
1,442
 
 
829
 
 
613
 
 
2
642
2
399
2
348
2
53
1966
.....................
1,554
 
 
890
 
 
665
 
 
2
626
2
383
2
478
2
67
1967
.....................
1,641
1,336
305
931
761
170
710
574
136
2
645
2
368
2
561
2
67
1968
.....................
1,893
1,471
422
1,082
847
235
810
624
187
2
725
2
378
2
718
2
72
1969
.....................
1,967
1,525
442
1,118
876
242
849
649
200
2
737
2
393
2
776
2
61
1970
.....................
2,063
1,587
476
1,152
896
256
911
691
221
2
754
2
397
2
854
2
58
1971
.....................
2,119
1,606
513
1,171
896
275
949
710
238
2
738
2
386
2
937
2
58
1972
.....................
2,153
1,574
579
1,158
858
299
995
716
279
680
381
1,037
55
1973
.....................
2,226
1,607
619
1,182
867
315
1,044
740
304
699
379
1,089
59
1974
.....................
2,366
1,673
692
1,244
896
348
1,122
777
345
746
386
1,176
58
1975
.....................
2,515
1,763
752
1,328
942
386
1,187
821
366
772
395
1,284
64
1976
.....................
2,347
1,662
685
1,170
855
316
1,177
808
369
717
414
1,153
63
1977
.....................
2,394
1,681
714
1,156
840
316
1,239
841
398
737
405
1,186
67
1978
.....................
2,390
1,651
739
1,142
817
324
1,248
834
414
737
407
1,174
73
1979
.....................
2,503
1,707
796
1,180
840
340
1,323
866
457
760
415
1,254
74
1980
.....................
2,588
1,750
838
1,219
862
357
1,369
887
481
765
418
1,314
91
1981
.....................
2,595
1,738
858
1,218
852
366
1,378
886
492
754
419
1,318
104
1982
.....................
2,505
1,689
817
1,199
837
362
1,306
851
455
731
404
1,254
116
1983
.....................
2,444
1,678
766
1,159
825
334
1,285
853
431
728
404
1,190
122
1984
.....................
2,357
1,613
744
1,112
786
326
1,245
827
418
714
403
1,130
110
1985
.....................
2,292
1,602
690
1,076
775
301
1,216
827
389
717
399
1,060
116
1986
.....................
2,219
1,589
630
1,047
769
278
1,173
821
352
720
392
991
3
117
1987
.....................
2,246
1,627
620
1,047
779
267
1,200
847
352
758
405
980
104
1988
.....................
2,379
1,699
680
1,100
807
293
1,279
892
387
783
426
1,049
121
1989
.....................
2,341
1,657
684
1,095
791
303
1,246
865
381
762
414
1,049
3
116
1990
.....................
2,257
1,617
640
1,045
771
274
1,211
846
366
727
400
1,041
4
88
1991
.....................
2,278
1,653
625
1,068
798
270
1,209
855
355
718
393
1,070
4
97
1992
.....................
2,184
1,604
580
1,013
760
253
1,171
843
328
697
408
993
4
85
1993
.....................
2,161
1,608
552
1,008
762
245
1,153
846
307
702
411
974
4
74
1994
.....................
2,133
1,603
530
985
751
233
1,149
852
297
709
406
952
4
66
1995
.....................
2,169
1,647
522
1,001
767
234
1,168
880
288
732
419
955
4
63
1996
5
...................
2,193
1,674
519
1,014
779
234
1,180
895
285
741
426
968
4
58
Degree­
granting
institutions
6
1996
5
...................
2,274
1,740
534
1,047
806
241
1,228
934
294
741
427
990
4
116
1
Excludes
first­
time
freshmen
in
occupational
programs
not
creditable
towards
a
bachelor's
degree.

2
Data
for
2
 
year
branches
of
4­
year
college
systems
are
aggregated
with
the
4­
year
institutions.

3
Because
of
imputation
techniques,
data
are
not
consistent
with
figures
for
other
years.

4
Data
not
comparable
with
pre­
1990
figures
because
of
a
change
in
reporting
procedures

5
Preliminary
data.

6
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
clasification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.
Alaska
and
Hawaii
are
included
in
all
years.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Fall
Enrollment
in
Higher
Education,
various
years;
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities
survey;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
207
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
182.
 
Total
first­
time
freshmen
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
control
of
institution,
and
state:
Fall
1992
to
fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Fall
1992
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
..................
2,184,113
2,160,710
2,133,205
2,168,831
2,193,429
1,674,178
779,438
894,740
519,251
234,178
285,073
1,709,135
484,294
Alabama
................................
42,604
41,812
41,542
37,166
36,672
31,759
13,890
17,869
4,913
2,215
2,698
32,246
4,426
Alaska
...................................
2,584
2,700
1,835
1,880
1,953
1,651
779
872
302
102
200
1,744
209
Arizona
..................................
31,358
36,671
32,753
37,049
34,408
23,183
11,424
11,759
11,225
5,034
6,191
30,851
3,557
Arkansas
...............................
18,680
17,406
16,378
16,924
16,976
15,173
6,713
8,460
1,803
762
1,041
14,172
2,804
California
...............................
252,762
250,810
258,687
272,715
277,656
154,068
72,897
81,171
123,588
58,572
65,016
247,425
30,231
Colorado
...............................
33,359
31,353
31,001
32,775
31,775
23,755
11,730
12,025
8,020
3,712
4,308
27,813
3,962
Connecticut
...........................
22,490
21,489
21,259
21,268
21,169
16,781
7,930
8,851
4,388
1,740
2,648
12,502
8,667
Delaware
...............................
7,227
7,361
6,921
8,092
7,854
6,036
2,544
3,492
1,818
704
1,114
6,577
1,277
District
of
Columbia
..............
8,427
8,954
9,706
9,077
8,645
7,073
2,802
4,271
1,572
619
953
1,492
7,153
Florida
...................................
72,311
71,351
71,318
72,722
74,048
54,540
25,065
29,475
19,508
8,459
11,049
58,192
15,856
Georgia
.................................
56,389
59,784
58,991
59,829
59,732
46,509
20,315
26,194
13,223
5,190
8,033
46,706
13,026
Hawaii
...................................
9,461
9,752
10,309
9,524
9,079
6,259
2,832
3,427
2,820
1,353
1,467
6,863
2,216
Idaho
.....................................
10,960
11,069
10,646
10,103
10,664
8,877
4,207
4,670
1,787
725
1,062
7,972
2,692
Illinois
....................................
116,967
112,542
111,309
109,483
106,440
73,357
35,147
38,210
33,083
14,904
18,179
82,875
23,565
Indiana
..................................
50,147
49,111
48,059
51,071
51,108
43,620
21,239
22,381
7,488
3,109
4,379
37,057
14,051
Iowa
......................................
36,730
35,922
35,229
35,097
39,469
30,166
14,796
15,370
9,303
3,651
5,652
31,312
8,157
Kansas
..................................
25,453
25,304
24,641
29,083
27,231
20,022
10,013
10,009
7,209
3,082
4,127
24,818
2,413
Kentucky
...............................
29,738
31,334
28,983
29,024
28,524
25,192
10,959
14,233
3,332
1,434
1,898
22,434
6,090
Louisiana
..............................
31,810
30,160
30,951
31,412
31,710
28,794
12,377
16,417
2,916
1,206
1,710
27,319
4,391
Maine
....................................
8,765
8,751
8,149
8,273
8,349
7,410
3,524
3,886
939
352
587
5,391
2,958
Maryland
...............................
32,133
31,675
31,647
32,993
33,198
24,494
11,013
13,481
8,704
3,447
5,257
28,191
5,007
Massachusetts
......................
64,751
68,316
65,768
64,892
62,259
54,299
24,669
29,630
7,960
2,900
5,060
27,666
34,593
Michigan
...............................
88,744
87,025
83,697
76,360
76,216
56,876
25,923
30,953
19,340
8,396
10,944
61,444
14,772
Minnesota
.............................
50,869
43,794
43,783
46,794
51,388
41,481
20,119
21,362
9,907
4,208
5,699
41,083
10,305
Mississippi
............................
25,960
26,223
25,862
26,602
27,669
24,038
11,000
13,038
3,631
1,331
2,300
25,878
1,791
Missouri
................................
39,886
40,868
38,544
39,610
39,105
32,599
14,982
17,617
6,506
2,633
3,873
26,439
12,666
Montana
................................
6,413
6,950
6,819
7,473
7,876
6,637
3,254
3,383
1,239
476
763
7,030
846
Nebraska
..............................
17,362
15,943
16,616
16,147
17,136
14,420
6,910
7,510
2,716
1,215
1,501
13,921
3,215
Nevada
.................................
4,620
5,367
6,939
6,799
7,254
3,781
1,763
2,018
3,473
1,552
1,921
6,986
268
New
Hampshire
....................
11,316
11,659
11,373
11,789
10,894
9,530
4,375
5,155
1,364
483
881
6,126
4,768
New
Jersey
...........................
44,932
44,971
43,063
45,308
45,907
38,708
18,077
20,631
7,199
3,124
4,075
36,491
9,416
New
Mexico
..........................
11,818
13,358
13,864
12,104
12,445
7,530
3,607
3,923
4,915
2,151
2,764
11,791
654
New
York
..............................
158,380
157,350
155,922
151,682
152,071
136,786
62,340
74,446
15,285
6,701
8,584
90,131
61,940
North
Carolina
......................
55,075
52,857
51,346
51,706
53,792
46,438
20,661
25,777
7,354
3,548
3,806
40,180
13,612
North
Dakota
........................
8,813
8,322
8,122
8,386
8,495
7,677
4,016
3,661
818
354
464
7,546
949
Ohio
......................................
92,902
90,190
88,585
89,510
91,001
72,854
33,924
38,930
18,147
8,586
9,561
66,431
24,570
Oklahoma
.............................
30,296
30,252
29,627
28,474
28,866
20,399
9,970
10,429
8,467
3,543
4,924
25,832
3,034
Oregon
..................................
22,930
23,293
23,321
20,562
22,028
16,806
8,095
8,711
5,222
2,519
2,703
18,304
3,724
Pennsylvania
........................
113,070
100,372
98,488
101,053
102,950
87,395
41,056
46,339
15,555
6,270
9,285
61,792
41,158
Rhode
Island
........................
12,813
13,106
12,645
12,745
12,643
10,912
5,155
5,757
1,731
713
1,018
5,637
7,006
South
Carolina
......................
30,185
30,070
28,577
29,036
30,719
26,018
11,481
14,537
4,701
1,947
2,754
24,334
6,385
South
Dakota
........................
6,513
6,691
6,607
6,378
5,769
5,232
2,398
2,834
537
212
325
4,507
1,262
Tennessee
............................
35,721
35,341
34,180
36,628
36,779
32,800
14,917
17,883
3,979
1,627
2,352
26,218
10,561
Texas
....................................
127,584
129,921
127,586
131,905
137,475
100,061
47,113
52,948
37,414
17,048
20,366
118,709
18,766
Utah
......................................
23,536
24,465
24,383
24,041
26,075
18,665
8,535
10,130
7,410
3,830
3,580
20,356
5,719
Vermont
................................
6,274
6,347
6,132
6,506
6,265
5,688
2,773
2,915
577
202
375
3,596
2,669
Virginia
..................................
45,011
43,820
45,272
46,533
46,922
40,774
18,350
22,424
6,148
2,634
3,514
36,213
10,709
Washington
...........................
68,649
70,476
68,613
73,255
75,842
45,405
21,545
23,860
30,437
14,622
15,815
70,427
5,415
West
Virginia
........................
17,029
15,727
15,928
15,880
15,655
13,696
6,439
7,257
1,959
776
1,183
13,016
2,639
Wisconsin
.............................
47,271
47,351
46,479
49,201
50,172
40,102
18,560
21,542
10,070
4,429
5,641
42,232
7,940
Wyoming
...............................
4,686
4,858
4,814
4,626
4,458
3,762
1,832
1,930
696
267
429
4,224
234
U.
S.
Service
Schools
............
10,349
10,116
9,936
11,286
10,643
4,090
3,403
687
6,553
5,509
1,044
10,643
 
Outlying
areas
..................
35,409
41,759
30,573
38,714
36,928
34,035
13,786
20,249
2,893
1,358
1,535
16,998
19,930
American
Samoa
..................
989
967
948
943
954
716
368
348
238
133
105
954
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
......................................
409
235
410
354
417
317
142
175
100
51
49
417
 
Guam
....................................
709
1,490
956
478
484
360
144
216
124
62
62
484
 
Marshall
Islands
....................
139
166
22
22
121
68
32
36
53
28
25
121
 
Northern
Marianas
................
173
455
440
153
113
72
30
42
41
19
22
113
 
Palau
.....................................
24
24
13
14
109
103
70
33
6
4
2
109
 
Puerto
Rico
...........................
32,664
38,057
27,408
36,343
34,397
32,104
12,922
19,182
2,293
1,050
1,243
14,467
19,930
Virgin
Islands
........................
302
365
376
407
333
295
78
217
38
11
27
333
 
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
208
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
183.
 
College
enrollment
rates
of
high
school
graduates,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1960
to
1997
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Year
High
school
graduates
1
Enrolled
in
college
2
Total
White
3
Black
3,4
Hispanic
4
Total
White
3
Black
3,4
Hispanic
4
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Annual
3­
year
moving
average
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1960
................
1,679
1,565
 
 
758
45.1
717
45.8
 
 
 
 
 
1961
................
1,763
1,612
 
 
847
48.0
798
49.5
 
 
 
 
 
1962
................
1,838
1,660
 
 
900
49.0
840
50.6
 
 
 
 
 
1963
................
1,741
1,615
 
 
784
45.0
736
45.6
 
 
 
 
 
1964
................
2,145
1,964
 
 
1,037
48.3
967
49.2
 
 
 
 
 
1965
................
2,659
2,417
 
 
1,354
50.9
1,249
51.7
 
 
 
 
 
1966
................
2,612
2,403
 
 
1,309
50.1
1,243
51.7
 
 
 
 
 
1967
................
2,525
2,267
 
 
1,311
51.9
1,202
53.0
 
 
 
 
 
1968
................
2,606
2,303
 
 
1,444
55.4
1,304
56.6
 
 
 
 
 
1969
................
2,842
2,538
 
 
1,516
53.3
1,402
55.2
 
 
 
 
 
1970
................
2,757
2,461
 
 
1,427
51.8
1,280
52.0
 
 
 
 
 
1971
................
2,872
2,596
 
 
1,535
53.4
1,402
54.0
 
 
 
 
 
1972
................
2,961
2,614
 
 
1,457
49.2
1,292
49.4
 
 
 
 
 
1973
................
3,059
2,707
 
 
1,425
46.6
1,302
48.1
 
 
 
 
 
1974
................
3,101
2,736
 
 
1,474
47.5
1,288
47.1
 
 
 
 
 
1975
................
3,186
2,825
 
 
1,615
50.7
1,446
51.2
 
 
 
 
 
1976
................
2,987
2,640
320
152
1,458
48.8
1,291
48.9
134
41.9
80
52.6
 
1977
................
3,140
2,768
335
156
1,590
50.6
1,403
50.7
166
49.6
80
51.3
48.9
1978
................
3,161
2,750
352
133
1,584
50.1
1,378
50.1
161
45.7
57
42.9
46.3
1979
................
3,160
2,776
324
154
1,559
49.3
1,376
49.6
147
45.4
69
44.8
46.8
1980
................
3,089
2,682
361
129
1,524
49.3
1,339
49.9
151
41.8
68
52.7
49.9
1981
................
3,053
2,626
359
146
1,646
53.9
1,434
54.6
154
42.9
76
52.1
49.3
1982
................
3,100
2,644
384
174
1,568
50.6
1,376
52.0
140
36.5
75
43.1
49.8
1983
................
2,964
2,496
392
138
1,562
52.7
1,372
55.0
151
38.5
75
54.3
47.3
1984
................
3,012
2,514
438
185
1,662
55.2
1,455
57.9
176
40.2
82
44.3
49.9
1985
................
2,666
2,241
333
141
1,539
57.7
1,332
59.4
141
42.3
72
51.1
46.6
1986
................
2,786
2,307
386
169
1,499
53.8
1,292
56.0
141
36.5
75
44.4
43.0
1987
................
2,647
2,207
337
176
1,503
56.8
1,249
56.6
175
51.9
59
33.5
45.0
1988
................
2,673
2,187
382
179
1,575
58.9
1,328
60.7
172
45.0
102
57.0
48.6
1989
................
2,454
2,051
337
168
1,463
59.6
1,238
60.4
178
52.8
93
55.4
53.2
1990
................
2,355
1,921
341
112
1,410
59.9
1,182
61.5
158
46.3
53
47.3
53.3
1991
................
2,276
1,867
320
154
1,420
62.4
1,207
64.6
146
45.6
88
57.1
53.1
1992
................
2,398
1,900
353
199
1,479
61.7
1,204
63.4
169
47.9
109
54.8
58.1
1993
................
2,338
1,910
302
200
1,464
62.6
1,200
62.8
168
55.6
125
62.5
55.4
1994
................
2,517
2,065
318
178
1,559
61.9
1,313
63.6
162
50.9
87
48.9
55.1
1995
................
2,599
2,088
356
288
1,610
61.9
1,308
62.6
183
51.4
155
53.8
51.1
1996
................
2,660
2,092
416
227
1,729
65.0
1,377
65.8
230
55.3
115
50.7
55.0
1997
................
2,769
2,228
394
336
1,856
67.0
1,504
67.5
235
59.6
220
65.5
 
1
Individuals
age
16
to
24
who
graduated
from
high
school
during
the
preceding
12
months.

2
Enrollment
in
college
as
of
October
of
each
year
for
individuals
age
16
to
24
who
graduated
from
high
school
during
the
preceding
12
months.

3
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

4
Due
to
the
small
sample
size,
data
are
subject
to
relatively
large
sampling
errors.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
population.
High
school
graduate
data
in
this
table
differ
from
figures
appearing
in
other
tables
because
of
varying
survey
procedures
and
coverage.
High
school
graduates
include
GED
recipients.

SOURCE:
American
College
Testing
Program,
unpublished
tabulations,
1987,
derived
from
statistics
collected
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
College
Enrollment
of
High
School
Graduates,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
209
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
184.
 
College
enrollment
rates
of
high
school
graduates,
by
sex:
1960
to
1997
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Year
Total
high
school
graduates
1
Enrolled
in
college
2
Total
Males
Females
Total
Males
Females
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1960
......................................................................
1,679
756
923
758
45.1
408
54.0
350
37.9
1961
......................................................................
1,763
790
973
847
48.0
445
56.3
402
41.3
1962
......................................................................
1,838
872
966
900
49.0
480
55.0
420
43.5
1963
......................................................................
1,741
794
947
784
45.0
415
52.3
369
39.0
1964
......................................................................
2,145
997
1,148
1,037
48.3
570
57.2
467
40.7
1965
......................................................................
2,659
1,254
1,405
1,354
50.9
718
57.3
636
45.3
1966
......................................................................
2,612
1,207
1,405
1,309
50.1
709
58.7
600
42.7
1967
......................................................................
2,525
1,142
1,383
1,311
51.9
658
57.6
653
47.2
1968
......................................................................
2,606
1,184
1,422
1,444
55.4
748
63.2
696
48.9
1969
......................................................................
2,842
1,352
1,490
1,516
53.3
812
60.1
704
47.2
1970
......................................................................
2,757
1,343
1,414
1,427
51.8
741
55.2
686
48.5
1971
......................................................................
2,872
1,369
1,503
1,535
53.4
788
57.6
747
49.7
1972
......................................................................
2,961
1,420
1,541
1,457
49.2
749
52.7
708
45.9
1973
......................................................................
3,059
1,458
1,601
1,425
46.6
730
50.1
695
43.4
1974
......................................................................
3,101
1,491
1,610
1,474
47.5
736
49.4
738
45.8
1975
......................................................................
3,186
1,513
1,673
1,615
50.7
796
52.6
819
49.0
1976
......................................................................
2,987
1,450
1,537
1,458
48.8
685
47.2
773
50.3
1977
......................................................................
3,140
1,482
1,658
1,590
50.6
773
52.2
817
49.3
1978
......................................................................
3,161
1,485
1,676
1,584
50.1
758
51.0
826
49.3
1979
......................................................................
3,160
1,474
1,686
1,559
49.3
743
50.4
816
48.4
1980
......................................................................
3,089
1,500
1,589
1,524
49.3
701
46.7
823
51.8
1981
......................................................................
3,053
1,490
1,563
1,646
53.9
816
54.8
830
53.1
1982
......................................................................
3,100
1,508
1,592
1,568
50.6
739
49.0
829
52.1
1983
......................................................................
2,964
1,390
1,574
1,562
52.7
721
51.9
841
53.4
1984
......................................................................
3,012
1,429
1,583
1,662
55.2
800
56.0
862
54.5
1985
......................................................................
2,666
1,286
1,380
1,539
57.7
754
58.6
785
56.9
1986
......................................................................
2,786
1,331
1,455
1,499
53.8
744
55.9
755
51.9
1987
......................................................................
2,647
1,278
1,369
1,503
56.8
746
58.4
757
55.3
1988
......................................................................
2,673
1,334
1,339
1,575
58.9
761
57.0
814
60.8
1989
......................................................................
2,454
1,208
1,245
1,463
59.6
696
57.6
767
61.6
1990
......................................................................
2,355
1,169
1,185
1,410
59.9
676
57.8
735
62.0
1991
......................................................................
2,276
1,139
1,137
1,420
62.4
656
57.6
763
67.1
1992
......................................................................
2,398
1,216
1,182
1,479
61.7
725
59.6
754
63.8
1993
......................................................................
2,338
1,118
1,219
1,464
62.6
668
59.7
797
65.4
1994
......................................................................
2,517
1,244
1,273
1,559
61.9
754
60.6
805
63.2
1995
......................................................................
2,599
1,238
1,361
1,610
61.9
775
62.6
835
61.4
1996
......................................................................
2,660
1,297
1,363
1,729
65.0
779
60.1
950
69.7
1997
......................................................................
2,769
1,354
1,415
1,856
67.0
860
63.5
995
70.3
1
Individuals
age
16
to
24
who
graduated
from
high
school
during
the
preceding
12
months.
2
Enrollment
in
college
as
of
October
of
each
year
for
individuals
age
16
to
24
who
graduated
from
high
school
during
the
preceding
12
months.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
population.
High
school
graduate
data
in
this
table
differ
from
figures
appearing
in
other
tables
because
of
varying
survey
procedures
and
coverage.
High
school
graduates
include
GED
recipients.
SOURCE:
American
College
Testing
Program,
unpublished
tabulations,
1987,
derived
from
statistics
collected
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
College
Enrollment
of
High
School
Graduates,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)

Table
185.
 
Graduation,
college
preparation,
and
college
application
rates
of
high
school
students,
by
selected
school
characteristics:
1993
 
94
Selected
school
characteristics
Public
schools
Private
schools
Number
of
schools
with
12th
graders
1993
graduation
rate
of
fall
1992
12th
graders
Average
college
application
rate
of
12th
graders
Number
of
schools
with
12th
graders
1993
graduation
rate
of
fall
1992
12th
graders
Average
college
application
rate
of
12th
graders
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
.............................................................................
17,838
92.6
57.4
7,875
98.2
87.5
Percent
minority
students
Less
than
5%
...............................................................
6,843
94.1
56.4
2,926
98.9
84.8
5%
to
19%
...................................................................
3,784
93.7
60.2
2,735
98.5
90.0
20%
to
49%
.................................................................
3,850
92.1
58.5
1,439
97.7
90.2
50%
or
more
................................................................
3,360
90.1
54.2
775
96.5
79.9
Community
type
Central
city
...................................................................
2,949
89.7
56.5
2,808
98.3
89.0
Suburban/
large
town
...................................................
3,798
92.5
61.6
2,486
98.4
88.1
Small
town/
rural
...........................................................
11,091
94.6
54.3
2,581
97.6
81.5
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
a
sample
survey
and
may
not
be
strictly
comparable
with
data
reported
elsewhere.
Only
includes
schools
with
students
enrolled
in
12th
grade.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
210
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
186.
 
Enrollment
rates
of
18­
to
24­
year­
olds
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity:
1967
to
1997
Year
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
origin
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
18­
to
24­
year­
olds
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
high
school
graduates
1
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
18­
to
24­
year­
olds
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
high
school
graduates
1
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
18­
to
24­
year­
olds
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
high
school
graduates
1
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
18­
to
24­
year­
olds
Enrollment
as
a
percent
of
high
school
graduates
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1967
2
........
25.5
33.7
26.9
34.5
13.0
23.3
 
 
1968
2
........
26.0
34.2
27.5
34.9
14.5
25.2
 
 
1969
2
........
27.3
35.0
28.7
35.6
16.0
27.2
 
 
1970
2
........
25.7
32.7
27.1
33.2
15.5
26.0
 
 
1971
2
........
26.2
33.2
27.2
33.5
18.2
29.2
 
 
1972
..........
25.5
31.1
27.2
31.9
18.3
25.2
13.4
24.1
1973
..........
24.0
28.9
25.5
29.5
15.9
22.5
16.1
27.6
1974
..........
24.6
29.8
25.8
29.9
17.6
24.6
18.0
30.7
1975
..........
26.3
31.4
27.4
31.3
20.4
30.1
20.4
33.0
1976
..........
26.7
32.3
27.6
32.1
22.5
32.1
20.0
34.7
1977
..........
26.1
31.4
27.2
31.3
21.1
29.1
17.2
30.5
1978
..........
25.3
30.0
26.5
30.1
20.1
27.9
15.2
25.9
1979
..........
25.0
29.9
26.3
30.2
19.8
27.5
16.7
27.8
1980
..........
25.7
30.5
27.3
31.0
19.4
26.0
16.1
27.6
1981
..........
26.2
31.3
27.7
31.6
19.9
26.6
16.6
28.5
1982
..........
26.6
31.6
28.1
32.0
19.9
26.5
16.8
27.6
1983
..........
26.2
31.3
28.0
31.8
19.2
25.3
17.3
29.9
1984
..........
27.1
31.8
28.9
32.6
20.3
25.6
17.9
28.8
1985
..........
27.8
32.5
30.0
33.9
19.6
24.5
16.9
25.0
1986
..........
27.9
32.7
29.7
33.3
21.9
26.9
17.6
28.3
1987
..........
29.7
35.4
31.9
36.6
23.0
28.2
17.7
26.6
1988
..........
30.2
36.0
33.1
37.4
21.1
26.8
17.1
29.1
1989
..........
30.9
36.5
34.2
38.3
23.4
28.5
16.0
26.6
1990
..........
32.1
37.7
35.2
39.2
25.3
30.4
16.2
26.8
1991
..........
33.3
39.3
36.8
41.0
23.4
28.2
17.8
31.4
1992
..........
34.4
42.0
37.3
42.8
25.2
33.9
21.3
37.5
1993
..........
34.0
41.6
36.8
42.6
24.5
32.8
21.7
36.1
1994
..........
34.6
42.3
38.1
43.7
27.7
35.6
18.8
33.1
1995
..........
34.3
42.3
37.9
44.0
27.5
35.4
20.7
35.2
1996
..........
35.5
43.4
39.5
45.1
27.4
35.9
20.1
34.5
1997
..........
36.2
44.6
40.6
46.8
29.8
39.6
22.4
36.1
1
Includes
students
who
were
enrolled
in
college,
but
did
not
report
high
school
completion
2
Data
for
white
and
black
enrollment
include
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
Percents
based
on
18­
to
24­
year­
old
high
school
graduates
for
1992
and
later
years,
use
a
slightly
different
definition
of
graduation
and
may
not
be
directly
comparable
with
figures
for
other
years.
All
college
students
are
counted
as
high
school
graduates.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
187.
 
Total
undergraduate
fall
enrollment
1
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student,
attendance
status,
and
control
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Full­
time
Part­
time
Full­
time
Part­
time
Public
Private
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1969
....................................
6,884
4,991
1,893
4,008
2,876
2,952
1,056
2,039
837
2,997
1,011
2,162
714
1970
....................................
7,376
5,280
2,096
4,254
3,122
3,097
1,157
2,183
939
3,241
1,013
2,387
735
1971
....................................
7,743
5,512
2,231
4,418
3,325
3,201
1,217
2,311
1,014
3,427
991
2,580
745
1972
....................................
7,941
5,488
2,453
4,429
3,512
3,121
1,308
2,367
1,145
3,467
962
2,756
756
1973
....................................
8,261
5,580
2,681
4,538
3,723
3,135
1,403
2,445
1,278
3,579
959
2,943
780
1974
....................................
8,798
5,726
3,072
4,765
4,033
3,191
1,574
2,535
1,498
3,799
966
3,232
801
1975
....................................
9,679
6,169
3,510
5,257
4,422
3,459
1,798
2,710
1,712
4,245
1,012
3,581
841
1976
....................................
9,429
6,030
3,399
4,902
4,527
3,242
1,660
2,788
1,739
3,949
953
3,668
859
1977
....................................
9,717
6,094
3,623
4,897
4,820
3,188
1,709
2,906
1,914
3,937
960
3,906
914
1978
....................................
9,691
5,967
3,724
4,766
4,925
3,072
1,694
2,895
2,030
3,812
954
3,974
951
1979
....................................
9,998
6,080
3,919
4,821
5,178
3,087
1,734
2,993
2,185
3,865
956
4,181
995
1980
....................................
10,475
6,362
4,113
5,000
5,475
3,227
1,773
3,135
2,340
4,014
985
4,427
1,048
1981
....................................
10,755
6,449
4,306
5,109
5,646
3,261
1,848
3,188
2,458
4,090
1,018
4,558
1,088
1982
....................................
10,825
6,484
4,341
5,170
5,655
3,299
1,871
3,184
2,470
4,140
1,031
4,573
1,081
1983
....................................
10,846
6,514
4,332
5,158
5,688
3,304
1,854
3,210
2,478
4,117
1,042
4,580
1,107
1984
....................................
10,618
6,348
4,270
5,007
5,611
3,195
1,812
3,153
2,459
3,990
1,017
4,504
1,107
1985
....................................
10,597
6,320
4,277
4,962
5,635
3,156
1,806
3,163
2,471
3,953
1,010
4,525
1,110
1986
....................................
10,798
6,352
4,446
5,018
5,780
3,146
1,871
3,206
2,575
4,002
1,015
4,658
1,122
1987
....................................
11,046
6,463
4,584
5,068
5,978
3,164
1,905
3,299
2,679
4,076
992
4,842
1,136
1988
....................................
11,317
6,642
4,674
5,138
6,179
3,206
1,931
3,436
2,743
4,113
1,024
4,990
1,189
1989
....................................
11,743
6,841
4,902
5,311
6,432
3,279
2,032
3,562
2,869
4,272
1,039
5,216
1,216
1990
....................................
11,959
6,976
4,983
5,380
6,579
3,337
2,043
3,639
2,940
4,353
1,027
5,357
1,223
1991
....................................
12,439
7,221
5,218
5,571
6,868
3,436
2,135
3,786
3,082
4,531
1,040
5,617
1,251
1992
....................................
12,538
7,244
5,293
5,583
6,955
3,425
2,158
3,820
3,135
4,537
1,046
5,679
1,275
1993
....................................
12,324
7,179
5,144
5,484
6,840
3,382
2,102
3,797
3,043
4,447
1,036
5,565
1,276
1994
....................................
12,263
7,169
5,094
5,422
6,840
3,342
2,081
3,827
3,013
4,394
1,028
5,551
1,290
1995
....................................
12,232
7,145
5,086
5,401
6,831
3,297
2,105
3,849
2,982
4,380
1,021
5,524
1,307
1996
2
..................................
12,259
7,211
5,049
5,411
6,848
3,304
2,107
3,907
2,942
4,368
1,043
5,537
1,311
1
Includes
unclassified
undergraduate
students.

2
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Fall
Enrollment
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
211
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
188.
 
Total
graduate
fall
enrollment
1
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex
of
student,
and
control
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Full­
time
Part­
time
Full­
time
Part­
time
Public
Private
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1969
..............................
955
363
593
590
366
252
338
111
255
393
197
273
93
1970
..............................
1,031
379
651
630
400
264
366
115
285
423
207
301
99
1971
..............................
1,012
388
621
615
394
269
346
119
275
415
200
296
100
1972
..............................
1,066
394
671
626
439
268
358
126
313
427
199
330
109
1973
..............................
1,123
410
715
648
477
273
375
137
340
442
206
358
119
1974
..............................
1,190
427
762
663
526
276
387
151
375
454
209
398
128
1975
..............................
1,263
453
810
700
563
290
410
163
400
481
219
425
138
1976
..............................
1,333
463
870
714
619
287
427
176
443
477
237
454
165
1977
..............................
1,319
473
845
700
617
289
411
184
434
458
243
443
174
1978
..............................
1,312
468
844
682
630
280
402
188
442
441
241
453
177
1979
..............................
1,309
476
833
669
640
280
389
196
444
427
242
457
182
1980
..............................
1,343
485
860
675
670
281
394
204
466
426
247
474
195
1981
..............................
1,343
484
859
674
669
277
397
207
462
419
255
468
201
1982
..............................
1,322
485
838
670
653
280
390
205
447
417
253
453
200
1983
..............................
1,340
497
843
677
663
286
391
211
452
418
259
454
209
1984
..............................
1,345
501
844
672
673
286
386
215
459
411
261
459
215
1985
..............................
1,376
509
867
677
700
289
388
220
479
414
263
477
223
1986
..............................
1,435
522
913
693
742
294
399
228
514
433
260
508
234
1987
..............................
1,452
527
925
693
759
294
400
233
525
429
264
516
243
1988
..............................
1,472
553
919
697
774
304
393
249
526
429
268
520
254
1989
..............................
1,522
572
949
710
811
309
401
263
548
437
273
541
271
1990
..............................
1,586
599
987
737
849
321
416
278
571
456
281
567
282
1991
..............................
1,639
642
997
761
878
341
419
300
578
471
290
580
299
1992
..............................
1,669
666
1,003
772
896
351
421
314
582
474
298
584
313
1993
..............................
1,688
688
1,000
771
917
355
416
334
584
473
298
590
327
1994
..............................
1,721
706
1,016
776
946
359
417
347
598
472
304
603
343
1995
..............................
1,732
717
1,015
768
965
356
412
361
604
464
304
610
355
1996
2
............................
1,743
736
1,007
760
983
358
403
378
604
456
305
613
370
1
Includes
unclassified
postbaccalaureate
students.

2
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS)
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)

Table
189.
 
Total
first­
professional
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex
of
student,
and
control
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
Year
Total
Full­
time
Parttime
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Full­
time
Parttime
Full­
time
Parttime
Public
Private
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1969
............................
164,737
143,081
21,656
148,926
15,811
131,368
17,558
11,713
4,098
64,241
84,685
8,354
7,457
1970
............................
173,411
157,384
16,027
158,649
14,762
144,270
14,379
13,114
1,648
68,956
89,693
6,501
8,261
1971
............................
192,668
176,224
16,444
174,058
18,610
159,386
14,672
16,838
1,772
98,233
75,825
9,430
9,180
1972
............................
206,659
190,039
16,620
183,443
23,216
168,990
14,453
21,049
2,167
79,723
103,720
10,842
12,374
1973
............................
218,990
201,663
17,327
186,297
32,693
171,731
14,566
29,932
2,761
81,811
104,486
16,138
16,555
1974
............................
235,452
216,329
19,123
194,079
41,373
178,926
15,153
37,403
3,970
84,271
109,808
20,085
21,288
1975
............................
242,267
219,886
22,381
192,100
50,167
177,117
14,983
42,769
7,398
79,240
112,860
23,557
26,610
1976
............................
244,292
220,124
24,168
189,810
54,482
171,967
17,843
48,157
6,325
77,873
111,937
23,468
31,014
1977
............................
251,357
226,318
25,039
191,451
59,906
173,165
18,286
53,153
6,753
78,189
113,262
24,901
35,005
1978
............................
256,904
232,540
24,364
192,221
64,683
174,906
17,315
57,634
7,049
77,748
114,473
26,839
37,844
1979
............................
263,404
238,949
24,455
193,363
70,041
176,394
16,969
62,555
7,486
77,122
116,241
29,026
41,015
1980
............................
277,767
251,359
26,408
199,344
78,423
181,448
17,896
69,911
8,512
81,022
118,322
33,415
45,008
1981
............................
274,595
248,328
26,267
192,936
81,659
175,414
17,522
72,914
8,745
77,562
115,374
34,177
47,482
1982
............................
278,425
252,108
26,317
191,200
87,225
173,941
17,259
78,167
9,058
76,273
114,927
37,183
50,042
1983
............................
278,529
249,636
28,893
188,096
90,433
169,071
19,025
80,565
9,868
74,938
113,158
38,484
51,949
1984
............................
278,598
249,708
28,890
184,949
93,649
166,286
18,663
83,422
10,227
73,722
111,227
40,186
53,463
1985
............................
274,200
246,619
27,581
179,792
94,408
162,368
17,424
84,251
10,157
71,373
108,419
40,435
53,973
1986
............................
270,401
245,647
24,754
173,851
96,550
158,557
15,294
87,090
9,460
70,326
103,525
41,699
54,851
1987
............................
268,332
241,807
26,525
170,129
98,203
153,668
16,461
88,139
10,064
68,089
102,040
41,947
56,256
1988
............................
267,109
241,228
25,881
166,912
100,197
151,045
15,867
90,183
10,014
66,196
100,716
42,743
57,454
1989
............................
274,451
247,812
26,639
168,773
105,678
152,511
16,262
95,301
10,377
67,548
101,225
45,090
60,588
1990
............................
273,366
245,854
27,512
166,798
106,568
149,805
16,993
96,049
10,519
66,071
100,727
45,674
60,894
1991
............................
280,531
252,012
28,519
169,875
110,656
152,356
17,519
99,656
11,000
64,821
105,054
46,661
63,995
1992
............................
280,922
252,138
28,784
168,620
112,302
151,025
17,595
101,113
11,189
63,511
105,109
47,178
65,124
1993
............................
292,431
259,764
32,667
172,788
119,643
153,873
18,915
105,891
13,752
63,973
108,815
49,681
69,962
1994
............................
294,713
263,311
31,402
173,956
120,757
155,018
18,938
108,293
12,464
63,844
110,112
50,153
70,604
1995
............................
297,592
266,414
31,178
173,897
123,695
155,056
18,841
111,358
12,337
63,594
110,303
51,478
72,217
1996
1
..........................
297,739
266,812
30,927
172,462
125,277
153,983
18,479
112,829
12,448
63,608
108,854
52,777
72,500
1
Preliminary
data.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
212
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
190.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1970
to
1996
State
or
other
area
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degreegranting
institutions
2
fall
1996
Fall
1970
Fall
1975
Fall
1980
Fall
1985
Fall
1990
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Percent
change,
1990
to
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
.....
8,580,887
11,184,859
12,096,895
12,247,055
13,818,637
14,304,803
14,278,790
14,261,781
14,300,255
3.5
14,367,520
Alabama
.................
103,936
164,700
164,306
179,343
218,589
233,525
229,511
225,612
219,499
0.4
220,711
Alaska
.....................
9,471
13,998
21,296
27,479
29,833
30,638
28,798
29,348
28,846
 
3.3
28,806
Arizona
...................
109,619
173,542
202,716
216,854
264,148
272,300
274,932
273,981
276,832
4.8
288,036
Arkansas
................
52,039
65,547
77,607
77,958
90,425
99,262
96,294
98,180
100,688
11.3
108,636
California
................
1,257,245
1,787,932
1,790,993
1,650,439
1,808,740
1,836,349
1,835,791
1,817,042
1,882,634
4.1
1,900,099
Colorado
.................
123,395
149,814
162,916
161,314
227,131
239,805
241,295
242,739
242,949
7.0
245,112
Connecticut
............
124,700
148,491
159,632
159,348
168,604
162,300
159,990
157,695
155,361
 
7.9
154,139
Delaware
................
25,260
32,389
32,939
31,883
42,004
43,528
44,197
44,307
44,838
6.7
44,838
District
of
Columbia
77,158
84,190
86,675
78,201
79,551
81,565
77,256
77,277
74,239
 
6.7
74,460
Florida
....................
235,525
344,267
411,891
451,392
588,086
623,403
634,237
637,303
641,173
9.0
645,832
Georgia
...................
126,511
173,585
184,159
196,826
251,786
302,844
308,587
314,712
317,999
26.3
300,795
Hawaii
.....................
36,562
46,671
47,181
49,937
56,436
62,871
64,322
63,198
61,383
8.8
62,844
Idaho
......................
34,567
39,075
43,018
42,668
51,881
58,768
60,393
59,566
59,904
15.5
60,411
Illinois
.....................
452,146
584,089
644,245
678,689
729,246
734,089
731,420
717,854
720,987
 
1.1
721,133
Indiana
....................
192,668
213,820
247,253
250,567
284,832
294,685
292,276
289,615
286,326
0.5
290,184
Iowa
........................
108,902
121,678
140,449
152,897
170,515
172,797
172,450
173,835
177,021
3.8
178,860
Kansas
...................
102,485
120,833
136,605
141,359
163,733
170,135
170,603
177,643
172,350
5.3
173,865
Kentucky
.................
98,591
125,253
143,066
141,724
177,852
187,332
182,577
178,858
177,749
 
0.1
178,904
Louisiana
................
120,728
153,213
160,058
177,176
186,840
201,987
203,567
203,935
203,517
8.9
213,993
Maine
......................
34,134
40,443
43,264
52,201
57,186
56,294
56,724
56,547
55,645
 
2.7
56,017
Maryland
.................
149,607
205,570
225,526
231,649
259,700
268,005
266,214
266,310
260,757
0.4
260,757
Massachusetts
.......
303,809
384,485
418,415
421,175
417,833
420,127
416,505
413,794
410,327
 
1.8
411,676
Michigan
.................
392,726
496,405
520,131
507,293
569,803
568,210
551,307
548,339
546,974
 
4.0
547,629
Minnesota
...............
160,788
184,756
206,691
221,162
253,789
268,118
289,300
280,816
275,262
8.5
284,964
Mississippi
..............
73,967
99,962
102,364
101,180
122,883
122,408
120,884
122,690
126,234
2.7
126,027
Missouri
..................
183,930
223,115
234,421
241,146
289,899
297,062
293,810
291,536
290,533
0.2
293,584
Montana
.................
30,062
30,843
35,177
35,958
35,876
39,557
40,095
42,674
43,145
20.3
43,550
Nebraska
................
66,915
74,705
89,488
97,769
112,831
115,523
116,000
115,718
119,300
5.7
120,689
Nevada
...................
13,669
30,187
40,455
43,656
61,728
63,947
64,085
67,826
73,467
19.0
73,970
New
Hampshire
......
29,400
41,030
46,794
52,283
59,510
64,043
62,847
64,327
64,463
8.3
64,396
New
Jersey
............
216,121
297,114
321,610
297,658
324,286
343,029
335,480
333,831
328,188
1.2
328,143
New
Mexico
............
44,461
51,944
58,283
68,295
85,500
101,460
101,881
102,405
103,546
21.1
106,662
New
York
................
806,479
1,005,063
992,237
1,000,098
1,048,286
1,062,924
1,057,841
1,041,566
1,027,870
 
1.9
1,028,351
North
Carolina
........
171,925
251,786
287,537
327,288
352,138
371,280
369,386
372,030
373,168
6.0
372,993
North
Dakota
..........
31,495
29,743
34,069
37,939
37,878
40,316
40,184
40,399
40,554
7.1
41,142
Ohio
........................
376,267
436,052
489,145
514,745
557,690
562,402
549,304
540,275
537,535
 
3.6
544,371
Oklahoma
...............
110,155
146,613
160,295
169,173
173,221
183,342
185,174
180,676
177,255
2.3
177,166
Oregon
...................
122,177
145,281
157,458
137,967
165,741
165,834
164,447
167,145
165,168
 
0.3
166,662
Pennsylvania
..........
411,044
470,536
507,716
533,198
604,060
621,228
611,174
617,759
621,994
3.0
587,447
Rhode
Island
..........
45,898
64,479
66,869
69,927
78,273
77,407
74,718
74,100
72,432
 
7.5
72,432
South
Carolina
.......
69,518
133,023
132,476
131,902
159,302
174,302
173,070
174,125
174,303
9.4
174,303
South
Dakota
.........
30,639
30,260
32,761
32,772
34,208
38,166
37,764
36,695
35,373
3.4
39,820
Tennessee
..............
135,103
181,435
204,581
194,845
226,238
244,936
242,966
245,962
247,043
9.2
247,637
Texas
......................
442,225
624,390
701,391
769,692
901,437
942,178
954,495
952,525
955,439
6.0
959,698
Utah
........................
81,687
87,323
93,987
103,994
121,303
138,139
146,196
147,324
151,637
25.0
152,262
Vermont
..................
22,209
29,095
30,628
31,416
36,398
36,415
35,409
35,065
35,090
 
3.6
35,779
Virginia
...................
151,915
244,671
280,504
292,416
353,442
348,535
354,149
355,919
353,788
0.1
355,190
Washington
............
183,544
227,168
303,603
231,553
263,384
279,845
284,662
285,819
292,180
10.9
303,450
West
Virginia
..........
63,153
78,619
81,973
76,659
84,790
88,852
87,741
86,034
85,689
1.1
87,099
Wisconsin
...............
202,058
240,701
269,086
275,069
299,774
309,036
303,861
300,223
299,127
 
0.2
299,522
Wyoming
................
15,220
18,078
21,147
24,204
31,326
30,702
30,682
30,176
30,805
 
1.7
30,805
U.
S.
Service
Schools
...............
17,079
36,897
49,808
54,719
48,692
52,998
51,939
88,451
81,669
67.7
81,669
Outlying
areas
...
67,237
104,270
137,749
164,890
164,618
172,989
170,686
183,657
181,660
10.4
182,536
American
Samoa
....
 
689
976
758
1,219
1,264
1,249
1,232
1,239
1.6
1,239
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.........
 
 
 
 
975
1,148
1,374
1,296
1,396
43.2
1,396
Guam
......................
2,719
3,800
3,217
4,601
4,741
5,843
6,449
6,010
5,335
12.5
5,335
Marshall
Islands
.....
 
 
 
 
 
386
424
418
431
 
431
Northern
Marianas
 
 
 
318
661
1,261
1,253
959
1,096
65.8
1,096
Palau
......................
 
 
 
 
491
436
403
351
332
 
32.4
332
Puerto
Rico
............
63,073
97,517
131,184
155,917
154,065
159,709
156,439
170,337
168,933
9.7
169,809
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
................
 
185
224
724
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
..........
1,445
2,079
2,148
2,572
2,466
2,942
3,095
3,054
2,898
17.5
2,898
1
Preliminary
data.

2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
213
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
191.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1970
to
1996
State
or
other
area
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degreegranting
institutions
2
fall
1996
Fall
1970
Fall
1975
Fall
1980
Fall
1985
Fall
1990
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Percent
change,
1990
to
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
....................
6,428,134
8,834,508
9,457,394
9,479,273
10,844,717
11,189,088
11,133,680
11,092,374
11,090,171
2.3
11,120,499
Alabama
................................
87,884
145,698
143,674
158,688
195,939
210,094
206,546
203,165
196,531
0.3
196,531
Alaska
....................................
8,563
13,218
20,561
26,510
27,792
28,708
27,631
28,368
27,828
0.1
27,828
Arizona
..................................
107,315
168,666
194,034
202,036
248,213
246,754
252,184
254,530
253,469
2.1
259,163
Arkansas
...............................
43,599
56,127
66,068
66,123
78,645
87,942
85,601
87,067
89,457
13.7
97,405
California
...............................
1,123,529
1,617,558
1,599,838
1,444,207
1,594,710
1,604,158
1,582,837
1,564,230
1,624,907
1.9
1,625,021
Colorado
................................
108,562
136,370
145,598
142,031
200,653
209,932
209,717
210,312
209,183
4.3
209,183
Connecticut
...........................
73,391
93,567
97,788
98,616
109,556
105,446
102,450
100,539
97,588
 
10.9
96,336
Delaware
...............................
21,151
27,082
28,325
27,933
34,252
35,771
36,322
36,204
36,579
6.8
36,579
District
of
Columbia
...............
12,194
15,159
13,900
12,080
11,990
10,608
10,599
9,663
7,456
 
37.8
7,736
Florida
...................................
189,450
287,745
334,349
362,241
489,081
518,480
528,024
530,607
531,030
8.6
529,422
Georgia
..................................
101,900
142,593
140,158
148,956
196,413
239,755
243,855
248,682
249,284
26.9
230,204
Hawaii
....................................
32,963
43,278
43,269
43,246
45,728
50,618
51,646
50,198
47,370
3.6
47,370
Idaho
.....................................
27,072
31,298
34,491
33,666
41,315
47,524
48,994
48,986
49,392
19.5
49,806
Illinois
....................................
315,634
444,458
491,274
520,224
551,333
549,745
545,958
530,248
532,470
 
3.4
532,470
Indiana
...................................
136,739
159,453
189,224
193,833
223,953
231,259
228,270
224,795
220,967
 
1.3
220,967
Iowa
.......................................
68,390
83,572
97,454
109,765
117,834
122,267
122,017
122,396
125,923
6.9
125,923
Kansas
..................................
88,215
107,761
121,987
127,220
149,117
154,016
152,798
160,449
155,429
4.2
156,446
Kentucky
................................
77,240
105,265
114,884
110,836
147,095
156,160
151,575
148,808
147,423
0.2
147,423
Louisiana
...............................
101,127
132,054
136,703
153,173
158,290
173,950
175,112
174,873
174,589
10.3
185,223
Maine
.....................................
25,405
31,092
31,878
33,188
41,500
39,819
39,188
38,195
37,888
 
8.7
38,260
Maryland
................................
118,988
176,544
195,051
198,992
220,783
226,666
223,692
222,857
217,277
 
1.6
217,277
Massachusetts
......................
116,127
173,564
183,765
185,602
186,035
181,461
179,799
176,777
173,416
 
6.8
173,854
Michigan
................................
339,625
436,655
454,147
434,270
487,359
483,145
466,758
462,390
458,989
 
5.8
458,989
Minnesota
..............................
130,567
148,630
162,379
173,984
199,211
207,131
227,015
217,249
208,540
4.7
213,284
Mississippi
.............................
64,968
89,919
90,661
90,704
109,038
109,373
108,398
110,600
114,905
5.4
114,905
Missouri
.................................
132,540
158,196
165,179
168,829
200,093
197,821
191,859
189,993
189,269
 
5.4
189,851
Montana
................................
27,287
27,798
31,178
32,032
31,865
34,326
34,927
37,435
38,000
19.3
38,000
Nebraska
...............................
51,454
61,240
73,509
81,202
94,614
95,782
95,877
95,599
99,717
5.4
99,717
Nevada
..................................
13,576
30,010
40,280
43,368
61,242
63,229
63,271
66,683
71,925
17.4
71,925
New
Hampshire
.....................
15,979
24,205
24,119
26,669
32,163
35,571
34,988
36,069
36,365
13.1
36,365
New
Jersey
...........................
145,373
227,764
247,028
237,297
261,601
278,361
272,420
271,069
264,596
1.1
264,596
New
Mexico
...........................
40,795
47,605
55,077
66,059
83,403
98,093
97,073
97,220
97,630
17.1
99,918
New
York
...............................
449,437
613,842
563,251
563,251
616,884
604,989
604,433
588,491
572,482
 
7.2
572,482
North
Carolina
.......................
123,761
201,288
228,154
267,044
285,405
303,556
303,649
303,099
302,939
6.1
302,939
North
Dakota
.........................
30,192
27,954
31,709
34,802
34,690
36,644
36,639
36,810
36,765
6.0
36,765
Ohio
.......................................
281,099
336,931
381,765
379,164
427,613
429,756
417,566
409,818
405,339
 
5.2
407,108
Oklahoma
..............................
91,438
124,372
137,188
146,827
151,073
160,901
161,748
158,026
154,381
2.2
154,381
Oregon
..................................
108,483
129,785
140,102
119,612
144,427
143,352
141,027
143,617
141,429
 
2.1
141,429
Pennsylvania
.........................
232,982
287,436
292,499
300,523
343,478
351,747
342,565
339,928
335,181
 
2.4
335,181
Rhode
Island
.........................
25,527
32,311
35,052
35,389
42,350
40,833
39,376
38,653
37,487
 
11.5
37,487
South
Carolina
......................
47,101
107,690
107,683
105,854
131,134
148,933
148,514
148,706
148,363
13.1
148,363
South
Dakota
........................
23,936
21,925
24,328
23,339
26,596
31,427
30,980
29,693
28,564
7.4
32,861
Tennessee
.............................
98,897
139,526
156,835
147,951
175,049
194,225
191,425
193,136
194,097
10.9
194,138
Texas
.....................................
365,522
542,212
613,552
677,192
802,314
834,696
843,002
836,851
838,091
4.5
838,943
Utah
.......................................
49,588
56,536
59,598
69,426
86,108
100,271
108,593
110,560
114,195
32.6
113,696
Vermont
.................................
12,536
17,145
17,984
18,844
20,910
21,001
20,505
20,470
20,139
 
3.7
20,139
Virginia
..................................
123,279
215,253
246,500
250,754
291,286
293,810
293,165
293,127
292,412
0.4
292,412
Washington
...........................
162,718
202,531
276,028
201,532
227,632
241,813
244,772
246,635
251,869
10.6
262,359
West
Virginia
.........................
51,363
68,117
71,228
66,531
74,108
77,500
76,120
74,857
74,755
0.9
75,116
Wisconsin
..............................
170,374
210,535
235,179
238,735
253,529
256,669
250,246
245,770
244,628
 
3.5
245,060
Wyoming
...............................
15,220
18,078
21,121
24,204
30,623
30,002
30,015
29,420
29,994
 
2.1
29,994
U.
S.
Service
Schools
............
17,079
36,897
49,808
54,719
48,692
52,998
51,939
88,451
81,669
67.7
81,669
Outlying
areas
..................
46,680
59,923
60,692
65,411
66,244
69,115
70,917
77,050
79,861
20.6
79,083
American
Samoa
...................
 
689
976
758
1,219
1,264
1,249
1,232
1,239
1.6
1,239
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
........................
 
 
 
 
975
1,148
1,374
1,296
1,396
43.2
1,396
Guam
.....................................
2,719
3,800
3,217
4,601
4,741
5,843
6,449
6,010
5,335
12.5
5,335
Marshall
Islands
....................
 
 
 
 
 
386
424
418
431
 
431
Northern
Marianas
................
 
 
 
318
661
1,261
1,253
959
1,096
65.8
1,096
Palau
.....................................
 
 
 
 
491
436
403
351
332
 
32.4
332
Puerto
Rico
...........................
42,516
53,170
54,127
56,438
55,691
55,835
56,670
63,730
67,134
20.5
66,356
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
...............................
 
185
224
724
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
.........................
1,445
2,079
2,148
2,572
2,466
2,942
3,095
3,054
2,898
17.5
2,898
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998).
214
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
192.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
private
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1970
to
1996
State
or
other
area
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degreegranting
institutions
2
fall
1996
Fall
1970
Fall
1975
Fall
1980
Fall
1985
Fall
1990
Fall
1993
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Percent
change,
1990
to
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
.....
2,152,753
2,350,351
2,639,501
2,767,782
2,973,920
3,115,715
3,145,110
3,169,407
3,210,084
7.9
3,247,021
Alabama
.................
16,052
19,002
20,632
20,655
22,650
23,431
22,965
22,447
22,968
1.4
24,180
Alaska
.....................
908
780
735
969
2,041
1,930
1,167
980
1,018
 
50.1
978
Arizona
...................
2,304
4,876
8,682
14,818
15,935
25,546
22,748
19,451
23,363
46.6
28,873
Arkansas
................
8,440
9,420
11,539
11,835
11,780
11,320
10,693
11,113
11,231
 
4.7
11,231
California
................
133,716
170,374
191,155
206,232
214,030
232,191
252,954
252,812
257,727
20.4
275,078
Colorado
.................
14,833
13,444
17,318
19,283
26,478
29,873
31,578
32,427
33,766
27.5
35,929
Connecticut
............
51,309
54,924
61,844
60,732
59,048
56,854
57,540
57,156
57,773
 
2.2
57,803
Delaware
................
4,109
5,307
4,614
3,950
7,752
7,757
7,875
8,103
8,259
6.5
8,259
District
of
Columbia
64,964
69,031
72,775
66,121
67,561
70,957
66,657
67,614
66,783
 
1.2
66,724
Florida
....................
46,075
56,522
77,542
89,151
99,005
104,923
106,213
106,696
110,143
11.2
116,410
Georgia
...................
24,611
30,992
44,001
47,870
55,373
63,089
64,732
66,030
68,715
24.1
70,591
Hawaii
.....................
3,599
3,393
3,912
6,691
10,708
12,253
12,676
13,000
14,013
30.9
15,474
Idaho
......................
7,495
7,777
8,527
9,002
10,566
11,244
11,399
10,580
10,512
 
0.5
10,605
Illinois
.....................
136,512
139,631
152,971
158,465
177,913
184,344
185,462
187,606
188,517
6.0
188,663
Indiana
....................
55,929
54,367
58,029
56,734
60,879
63,426
64,006
64,820
65,359
7.4
69,217
Iowa
........................
40,512
38,106
42,995
43,132
52,681
50,530
50,433
51,439
51,098
 
3.0
52,937
Kansas
...................
14,270
13,072
14,618
14,139
14,616
16,119
17,805
17,194
16,921
15.8
17,419
Kentucky
.................
21,351
19,988
28,182
30,888
30,757
31,172
31,002
30,050
30,326
 
1.4
31,481
Louisiana
................
19,601
21,159
23,355
24,003
28,550
28,037
28,455
29,062
28,928
1.3
28,770
Maine
......................
8,729
9,351
11,386
19,013
15,686
16,475
17,536
18,352
17,757
13.2
17,757
Maryland
.................
30,619
29,026
30,475
32,657
38,917
41,339
42,522
43,453
43,480
11.7
43,480
Massachusetts
.......
187,682
210,921
234,650
235,573
231,798
238,666
236,706
237,017
236,911
2.2
237,822
Michigan
.................
53,101
59,750
65,984
73,023
82,444
85,065
84,549
85,949
87,985
6.7
88,640
Minnesota
...............
30,221
36,126
44,312
47,178
54,578
60,987
62,285
63,567
66,722
22.3
71,680
Mississippi
..............
8,999
10,043
11,703
10,476
13,845
13,035
12,486
12,090
11,329
 
18.2
11,122
Missouri
..................
51,390
64,919
69,242
72,317
89,806
99,241
101,951
101,543
101,264
12.8
103,733
Montana
.................
2,775
3,045
3,999
3,926
4,011
5,231
5,168
5,239
5,145
28.3
5,550
Nebraska
................
15,461
13,465
15,979
16,567
18,217
19,741
20,123
20,119
19,583
7.5
20,972
Nevada
...................
93
177
175
288
486
718
814
1,143
1,542
217.3
2,045
New
Hampshire
......
13,421
16,825
22,675
25,614
27,347
28,472
27,859
28,258
28,098
2.7
28,031
New
Jersey
............
70,748
69,350
74,582
60,361
62,685
64,668
63,060
62,762
63,592
1.4
63,547
New
Mexico
............
3,666
4,339
3,206
2,236
2,097
3,367
4,808
5,185
5,916
182.1
6,744
New
York
................
357,042
391,221
428,986
436,847
431,402
457,935
453,408
453,075
455,388
5.6
455,869
North
Carolina
........
48,164
50,498
59,383
60,244
66,733
67,724
65,737
68,931
70,229
5.2
70,054
North
Dakota
..........
1,303
1,789
2,360
3,137
3,188
3,672
3,545
3,589
3,789
18.9
4,377
Ohio
........................
95,168
99,121
107,380
135,581
130,077
132,646
131,738
130,457
132,196
1.6
137,263
Oklahoma
...............
18,717
22,241
23,107
22,346
22,148
22,441
23,426
22,650
22,874
3.3
22,785
Oregon
...................
13,694
15,496
17,356
18,355
21,314
22,482
23,420
23,528
23,739
11.4
25,233
Pennsylvania
..........
178,062
183,100
215,217
232,675
260,582
269,481
268,609
277,831
286,813
10.1
252,266
Rhode
Island
..........
20,371
32,168
31,817
34,538
35,923
36,574
35,342
35,447
34,945
 
2.7
34,945
South
Carolina
.......
22,417
25,333
24,793
26,048
28,168
25,369
24,556
25,419
25,940
 
7.9
25,940
South
Dakota
.........
6,703
8,335
8,433
9,433
7,612
6,739
6,784
7,002
6,809
 
10.5
6,959
Tennessee
..............
36,206
41,909
47,746
46,894
51,189
50,711
51,541
52,826
52,946
3.4
53,499
Texas
......................
76,703
82,178
87,839
92,500
99,123
107,482
111,493
115,674
117,348
18.4
120,755
Utah
........................
32,099
30,787
34,389
34,568
35,195
37,868
37,603
36,764
37,442
6.4
38,566
Vermont
..................
9,673
11,950
12,644
12,572
15,488
15,414
14,904
14,595
14,951
 
3.5
15,640
Virginia
...................
28,636
29,418
34,004
41,662
62,156
54,725
60,984
62,792
61,376
 
1.3
62,778
Washington
............
20,826
24,637
27,575
30,021
35,752
38,032
39,890
39,184
40,311
12.8
41,091
West
Virginia
..........
11,790
10,502
10,745
10,128
10,682
11,352
11,621
11,177
10,934
2.4
11,983
Wisconsin
...............
31,684
30,166
33,907
36,334
46,245
52,367
53,615
54,453
54,499
17.8
54,462
Wyoming
................
 
 
26
 
703
700
667
756
811
15.4
811
Outlying
areas
...
20,557
44,347
77,057
99,479
98,374
103,874
99,769
106,607
101,799
3.5
103,453
American
Samoa
....
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
.....
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
............
20,557
44,347
77,057
99,479
98,374
103,874
99,769
106,607
101,799
3.5
103,453
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
institutions
of
higher
education
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
215
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
193.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
all
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
State
or
other
area
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
............................
14,261,781
3,807,392
4,321,410
2,535,147
3,597,832
14,300,255
3,815,519
4,397,971
2,528,473
3,558,292
Alabama
..........................................
225,612
68,713
83,031
31,064
42,804
219,499
66,707
83,614
28,979
40,199
Alaska
.............................................
29,348
5,424
6,559
6,444
10,921
28,846
5,351
6,533
6,225
10,737
Arizona
............................................
273,981
61,685
64,369
61,226
86,701
276,832
63,773
67,366
60,962
84,731
Arkansas
.........................................
98,180
30,077
37,101
11,626
19,376
100,688
30,053
37,662
12,488
20,485
California
.........................................
1,817,042
408,376
458,540
410,267
539,859
1,882,634
413,893
473,499
427,409
567,833
Colorado
..........................................
242,739
62,892
65,994
48,117
65,736
242,949
63,329
67,736
47,205
64,679
Connecticut
.....................................
157,695
38,877
43,222
29,623
45,973
155,361
39,208
43,696
28,384
44,073
Delaware
.........................................
44,307
11,287
14,252
7,576
11,192
44,838
11,408
14,786
7,280
11,364
District
of
Columbia
.........................
77,277
22,706
27,643
11,807
15,121
74,239
22,069
27,283
10,962
13,925
Florida
.............................................
637,303
142,368
162,172
135,424
197,339
641,173
142,163
166,896
134,800
197,314
Georgia
...........................................
314,712
93,962
115,663
40,920
64,167
317,999
94,993
118,973
40,338
63,695
Hawaii
.............................................
63,198
16,175
19,166
12,030
15,827
61,383
15,992
19,333
11,442
14,616
Idaho
...............................................
59,566
19,013
21,136
7,706
11,711
59,904
19,184
21,650
7,573
11,497
Illinois
..............................................
717,854
174,969
193,430
141,323
208,132
720,987
174,844
196,071
141,225
208,847
Indiana
............................................
289,615
90,941
98,818
41,298
58,558
286,326
91,790
99,690
39,365
55,481
Iowa
.................................................
173,835
58,553
62,170
19,478
33,634
177,021
59,127
62,731
21,540
33,623
Kansas
............................................
177,643
47,394
50,144
31,446
48,659
172,350
46,418
49,261
31,038
45,633
Kentucky
.........................................
178,858
52,229
65,429
22,025
39,175
177,749
52,055
65,876
21,789
38,029
Louisiana
.........................................
203,935
64,292
79,971
21,820
37,852
203,517
63,769
81,027
21,828
36,893
Maine
..............................................
56,547
14,632
16,920
7,978
17,017
55,645
14,605
17,146
7,706
16,188
Maryland
.........................................
266,310
57,822
68,689
54,075
85,724
260,757
57,867
70,351
50,585
81,954
Massachusetts
................................
413,794
121,670
140,343
59,062
92,719
410,327
120,605
140,736
58,624
90,362
Michigan
..........................................
548,339
127,404
146,846
113,756
160,333
546,974
127,877
150,454
111,420
157,223
Minnesota
........................................
280,816
74,919
83,181
51,380
71,336
275,262
76,703
87,543
44,836
66,180
Mississippi
.......................................
122,690
41,390
50,577
11,219
19,504
126,234
41,641
51,825
12,254
20,514
Missouri
...........................................
291,536
77,858
88,270
49,402
76,006
290,533
79,313
90,361
47,352
73,507
Montana
..........................................
42,674
15,967
16,789
3,991
5,927
43,145
15,930
17,013
4,080
6,122
Nebraska
.........................................
115,718
32,125
34,529
20,327
28,737
119,300
32,538
35,779
21,170
29,813
Nevada
............................................
67,826
10,196
11,524
19,787
26,319
73,467
11,247
12,587
21,412
28,221
New
Hampshire
..............................
64,327
18,307
21,598
9,070
15,352
64,463
18,120
21,344
9,218
15,781
New
Jersey
.....................................
333,831
81,944
92,990
63,695
95,202
328,188
82,413
94,564
60,101
91,110
New
Mexico
....................................
102,405
23,306
28,210
19,900
30,989
103,546
23,094
28,326
20,278
31,848
New
York
........................................
1,041,566
301,712
363,252
142,426
234,176
1,027,870
298,983
366,160
137,537
225,190
North
Carolina
.................................
372,030
105,756
132,332
54,248
79,694
373,168
105,922
134,926
54,042
78,278
North
Dakota
...................................
40,399
16,462
15,756
3,480
4,701
40,554
16,454
15,851
3,602
4,647
Ohio
.................................................
540,275
157,392
180,152
84,648
118,083
537,535
156,466
180,961
83,615
116,493
Oklahoma
........................................
180,676
51,848
56,218
30,422
42,188
177,255
51,655
55,709
29,185
40,706
Oregon
............................................
167,145
43,214
46,067
33,792
44,072
165,168
43,838
47,835
32,052
41,443
Pennsylvania
...................................
617,759
186,435
201,884
91,493
137,947
621,994
186,469
204,540
106,383
124,602
Rhode
Island
...................................
74,100
22,522
24,308
10,642
16,628
72,432
22,163
24,208
10,170
15,891
South
Carolina
................................
174,125
48,980
60,159
23,666
41,320
174,303
49,412
61,860
22,680
40,351
South
Dakota
..................................
36,695
12,586
14,021
3,610
6,478
35,373
12,093
13,668
3,503
6,109
Tennessee
......................................
245,962
73,010
86,590
35,318
51,044
247,043
72,959
88,939
35,083
50,062
Texas
..............................................
952,525
248,597
267,274
189,578
247,076
955,439
248,690
272,788
188,072
245,889
Utah
.................................................
147,324
49,018
48,685
24,854
24,767
151,637
47,838
48,294
27,761
27,744
Vermont
...........................................
35,065
11,238
12,739
3,599
7,489
35,090
11,288
12,883
3,494
7,425
Virginia
............................................
355,919
91,570
108,894
63,394
92,061
353,788
92,305
109,925
61,464
90,094
Washington
.....................................
285,819
81,914
93,836
44,585
65,484
292,180
82,719
96,880
45,816
66,765
West
Virginia
...................................
86,034
28,848
30,935
9,191
17,060
85,689
28,555
31,103
9,382
16,649
Wisconsin
........................................
300,223
84,279
97,288
48,088
70,568
299,127
84,542
97,724
47,855
69,006
Wyoming
.........................................
30,176
8,532
9,068
4,543
8,033
30,805
8,440
9,123
4,690
8,552
U.
S.
Service
Schools
......................
88,451
16,006
2,676
58,708
11,061
81,669
16,649
2,882
52,219
9,919
Outlying
areas
............................
183,657
53,526
83,879
18,544
27,708
181,660
52,805
85,257
17,930
25,668
American
Samoa
............................
1,232
428
436
217
151
1,239
435
442
215
147
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
......
1,296
518
447
150
181
1,396
471
476
184
265
Guam
..............................................
6,010
989
1,597
1,567
1,857
5,335
944
1,549
1,270
1,572
Marshall
Islands
..............................
418
89
75
146
108
431
125
109
115
82
Northern
Marianas
..........................
959
203
253
188
315
1,096
223
267
221
385
Palau
...............................................
351
143
125
31
52
332
143
112
28
49
Puerto
Rico
.....................................
170,337
50,834
79,876
15,798
23,829
168,933
50,148
81,289
15,514
21,982
Virgin
Islands
..................................
3,054
322
1,070
447
1,215
2,898
316
1,013
383
1,186
1
Preliminary
data.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
216
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
194.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
State
or
other
area
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
..........................................
11,092,374
2,769,745
3,155,556
2,137,890
3,029,183
11,090,171
2,767,918
3,196,256
2,119,619
3,006,378
Alabama
........................................................
203,165
60,666
72,704
29,366
40,429
196,531
58,741
72,625
27,430
37,735
Alaska
............................................................
28,368
5,171
6,201
6,290
10,706
27,828
5,069
6,114
6,105
10,540
Arizona
..........................................................
254,530
52,572
57,142
59,849
84,967
253,469
53,035
58,398
59,357
82,679
Arkansas
.......................................................
87,067
25,493
31,866
11,145
18,563
89,457
25,448
32,168
12,043
19,798
California
.......................................................
1,564,230
319,499
362,281
378,663
503,787
1,624,907
323,279
373,860
396,407
531,361
Colorado
........................................................
210,312
52,690
55,717
42,163
59,742
209,183
52,670
56,526
41,417
58,570
Connecticut
...................................................
100,539
21,063
23,818
21,226
34,432
97,588
20,828
23,509
20,369
32,882
Delaware
.......................................................
36,204
9,713
12,429
5,897
8,165
36,579
9,902
12,914
5,642
8,121
District
of
Columbia
.......................................
9,663
1,444
2,015
2,482
3,722
7,456
1,111
1,502
2,021
2,822
Florida
...........................................................
530,607
105,794
126,880
118,165
179,768
531,030
105,225
129,429
117,791
178,585
Georgia
..........................................................
248,682
68,441
86,296
36,366
57,579
249,284
68,799
87,760
35,959
56,766
Hawaii
............................................................
50,198
12,419
14,997
9,392
13,390
47,370
11,830
14,261
8,973
12,306
Idaho
.............................................................
48,986
14,759
15,562
7,443
11,222
49,392
14,959
16,152
7,319
10,962
Illinois
............................................................
530,248
116,061
128,965
114,352
170,870
532,470
115,679
130,360
114,651
171,780
Indiana
...........................................................
224,795
65,085
71,868
37,579
50,263
220,967
65,790
72,309
35,575
47,293
Iowa
...............................................................
122,396
41,636
42,672
14,870
23,218
125,923
42,482
43,120
16,122
24,199
Kansas
..........................................................
160,449
41,551
43,254
29,814
45,830
155,429
40,718
42,407
29,448
42,856
Kentucky
........................................................
148,808
42,192
53,218
19,316
34,082
147,423
41,903
53,328
19,031
33,161
Louisiana
.......................................................
174,873
54,727
68,616
18,188
33,342
174,589
54,723
69,386
17,690
32,790
Maine
.............................................................
38,195
10,024
10,288
6,646
11,237
37,888
9,866
10,377
6,439
11,206
Maryland
........................................................
222,857
46,869
56,092
46,512
73,384
217,277
46,829
57,343
43,239
69,866
Massachusetts
..............................................
176,777
43,528
50,097
32,004
51,148
173,416
42,568
49,371
31,656
49,821
Michigan
........................................................
462,390
106,872
119,925
98,467
137,126
458,989
106,972
121,283
96,597
134,137
Minnesota
......................................................
217,249
55,886
58,199
43,815
59,349
208,540
57,308
61,630
37,618
51,984
Mississippi
.....................................................
110,600
37,592
45,524
9,988
17,496
114,905
38,142
47,113
11,122
18,528
Missouri
.........................................................
189,993
48,618
56,455
31,883
53,037
189,269
48,602
56,982
31,333
52,352
Montana
........................................................
37,435
14,596
14,638
3,320
4,881
38,000
14,585
14,835
3,440
5,140
Nebraska
.......................................................
95,599
25,462
26,147
18,694
25,296
99,717
25,969
27,281
19,711
26,756
Nevada
..........................................................
66,683
9,790
11,031
19,698
26,164
71,925
10,695
11,944
21,299
27,987
New
Hampshire
.............................................
36,069
10,016
11,947
5,461
8,645
36,365
9,852
11,757
5,625
9,131
New
Jersey
...................................................
271,069
63,116
73,508
53,991
80,454
264,596
62,969
74,721
50,532
76,374
New
Mexico
...................................................
97,220
21,459
25,789
19,638
30,334
97,630
21,005
25,536
19,975
31,114
New
York
.......................................................
588,491
158,869
197,894
87,647
144,081
572,482
156,287
196,219
83,524
136,452
North
Carolina
...............................................
303,099
79,417
101,777
49,422
72,483
302,939
79,171
103,283
49,258
71,227
North
Dakota
.................................................
36,810
15,101
13,936
3,371
4,402
36,765
15,056
13,913
3,468
4,328
Ohio
...............................................................
409,818
115,135
133,907
65,403
95,373
405,339
113,072
133,729
64,332
94,206
Oklahoma
......................................................
158,026
42,828
47,622
27,747
39,829
154,381
42,636
47,018
26,458
38,269
Oregon
..........................................................
143,617
34,837
36,319
31,503
40,958
141,429
35,501
37,787
29,666
38,475
Pennsylvania
.................................................
339,928
104,724
113,496
47,661
74,047
335,181
104,176
114,027
45,999
70,979
Rhode
Island
.................................................
38,653
8,123
11,040
6,919
12,571
37,487
7,922
10,883
6,660
12,022
South
Carolina
..............................................
148,706
39,600
48,272
22,148
38,686
148,363
39,825
49,454
21,248
37,836
South
Dakota
................................................
29,693
10,710
11,159
2,858
4,966
28,564
10,209
10,784
2,845
4,726
Tennessee
.....................................................
193,136
51,586
63,275
32,233
46,042
194,097
51,535
64,945
32,008
45,609
Texas
.............................................................
836,851
205,744
225,376
174,241
231,490
838,091
206,177
229,838
172,222
229,854
Utah
...............................................................
110,560
32,939
32,010
22,957
22,654
114,195
31,794
31,476
25,349
25,576
Vermont
.........................................................
20,470
6,094
6,749
2,464
5,163
20,139
6,177
6,738
2,359
4,865
Virginia
..........................................................
293,127
73,170
83,865
55,091
81,001
292,412
73,540
84,570
54,098
80,204
Washington
...................................................
246,635
69,018
78,010
40,335
59,272
251,869
69,556
79,870
41,608
60,835
West
Virginia
.................................................
74,857
25,009
25,724
8,542
15,582
74,755
24,858
25,898
8,742
15,257
Wisconsin
......................................................
245,770
68,248
77,247
41,414
58,861
244,628
68,582
77,531
40,930
57,585
Wyoming
.......................................................
29,420
7,783
9,061
4,543
8,033
29,994
7,642
9,110
4,690
8,552
U.
S.
Service
Schools
....................................
88,451
16,006
2,676
58,708
11,061
81,669
16,649
2,882
52,219
9,919
Outlying
areas
..........................................
77,050
22,397
36,464
6,978
11,211
79,861
23,347
39,099
6,616
10,799
American
Samoa
...........................................
1,232
428
436
217
151
1,239
435
442
215
147
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
....................
1,296
518
447
150
181
1,396
471
476
184
265
Guam
.............................................................
6,010
989
1,597
1,567
1,857
5,335
944
1,549
1,270
1,572
Marshall
Islands
............................................
418
89
75
146
108
431
125
109
115
82
Northern
Marianas
........................................
959
203
253
188
315
1,096
223
267
221
385
Palau
.............................................................
351
143
125
31
52
332
143
112
28
49
Puerto
Rico
...................................................
63,730
19,705
32,461
4,232
7,332
67,134
20,690
35,131
4,200
7,113
Virgin
Islands
.................................................
3,054
322
1,070
447
1,215
2,898
316
1,013
383
1,186
1
Preliminary
data.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
217
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
195.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
private
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
attendance
status,
sex,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
State
or
other
area
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Total
Full­
time
Part­
time
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
..........................................
3,169,407
1,037,647
1,165,854
397,257
568,649
3,210,084
1,047,601
1,201,715
408,854
551,914
Alabama
........................................................
22,447
8,047
10,327
1,698
2,375
22,968
7,966
10,989
1,549
2,464
Alaska
...........................................................
980
253
358
154
215
1,018
282
419
120
197
Arizona
..........................................................
19,451
9,113
7,227
1,377
1,734
23,363
10,738
8,968
1,605
2,052
Arkansas
.......................................................
11,113
4,584
5,235
481
813
11,231
4,605
5,494
445
687
California
.......................................................
252,812
88,877
96,259
31,604
36,072
257,727
90,614
99,639
31,002
36,472
Colorado
........................................................
32,427
10,202
10,277
5,954
5,994
33,766
10,659
11,210
5,788
6,109
Connecticut
...................................................
57,156
17,814
19,404
8,397
11,541
57,773
18,380
20,187
8,015
11,191
Delaware
.......................................................
8,103
1,574
1,823
1,679
3,027
8,259
1,506
1,872
1,638
3,243
District
of
Columbia
.......................................
67,614
21,262
25,628
9,325
11,399
66,783
20,958
25,781
8,941
11,103
Florida
...........................................................
106,696
36,574
35,292
17,259
17,571
110,143
36,938
37,467
17,009
18,729
Georgia
.........................................................
66,030
25,521
29,367
4,554
6,588
68,715
26,194
31,213
4,379
6,929
Hawaii
...........................................................
13,000
3,756
4,169
2,638
2,437
14,013
4,162
5,072
2,469
2,310
Idaho
.............................................................
10,580
4,254
5,574
263
489
10,512
4,225
5,498
254
535
Illinois
............................................................
187,606
58,908
64,465
26,971
37,262
188,517
59,165
65,711
26,574
37,067
Indiana
..........................................................
64,820
25,856
26,950
3,719
8,295
65,359
26,000
27,381
3,790
8,188
Iowa
...............................................................
51,439
16,917
19,498
4,608
10,416
51,098
16,645
19,611
5,418
9,424
Kansas
..........................................................
17,194
5,843
6,890
1,632
2,829
16,921
5,700
6,854
1,590
2,777
Kentucky
........................................................
30,050
10,037
12,211
2,709
5,093
30,326
10,152
12,548
2,758
4,868
Louisiana
.......................................................
29,062
9,565
11,355
3,632
4,510
28,928
9,046
11,641
4,138
4,103
Maine
.............................................................
18,352
4,608
6,632
1,332
5,780
17,757
4,739
6,769
1,267
4,982
Maryland
........................................................
43,453
10,953
12,597
7,563
12,340
43,480
11,038
13,008
7,346
12,088
Massachusetts
..............................................
237,017
78,142
90,246
27,058
41,571
236,911
78,037
91,365
26,968
40,541
Michigan
........................................................
85,949
20,532
26,921
15,289
23,207
87,985
20,905
29,171
14,823
23,086
Minnesota
......................................................
63,567
19,033
24,982
7,565
11,987
66,722
19,395
25,913
7,218
14,196
Mississippi
.....................................................
12,090
3,798
5,053
1,231
2,008
11,329
3,499
4,712
1,132
1,986
Missouri
.........................................................
101,543
29,240
31,815
17,519
22,969
101,264
30,711
33,379
16,019
21,155
Montana
........................................................
5,239
1,371
2,151
671
1,046
5,145
1,345
2,178
640
982
Nebraska
.......................................................
20,119
6,663
8,382
1,633
3,441
19,583
6,569
8,498
1,459
3,057
Nevada
..........................................................
1,143
406
493
89
155
1,542
552
643
113
234
New
Hampshire
.............................................
28,258
8,291
9,651
3,609
6,707
28,098
8,268
9,587
3,593
6,650
New
Jersey
...................................................
62,762
18,828
19,482
9,704
14,748
63,592
19,444
19,843
9,569
14,736
New
Mexico
...................................................
5,185
1,847
2,421
262
655
5,916
2,089
2,790
303
734
New
York
......................................................
453,075
142,843
165,358
54,779
90,095
455,388
142,696
169,941
54,013
88,738
North
Carolina
...............................................
68,931
26,339
30,555
4,826
7,211
70,229
26,751
31,643
4,784
7,051
North
Dakota
.................................................
3,589
1,361
1,820
109
299
3,789
1,398
1,938
134
319
Ohio
...............................................................
130,457
42,257
46,245
19,245
22,710
132,196
43,394
47,232
19,283
22,287
Oklahoma
......................................................
22,650
9,020
8,596
2,675
2,359
22,874
9,019
8,691
2,727
2,437
Oregon
..........................................................
23,528
8,377
9,748
2,289
3,114
23,739
8,337
10,048
2,386
2,968
Pennsylvania
.................................................
277,831
81,711
88,388
43,832
63,900
286,813
82,293
90,513
60,384
53,623
Rhode
Island
.................................................
35,447
14,399
13,268
3,723
4,057
34,945
14,241
13,325
3,510
3,869
South
Carolina
..............................................
25,419
9,380
11,887
1,518
2,634
25,940
9,587
12,406
1,432
2,515
South
Dakota
................................................
7,002
1,876
2,862
752
1,512
6,809
1,884
2,884
658
1,383
Tennessee
....................................................
52,826
21,424
23,315
3,085
5,002
52,946
21,424
23,994
3,075
4,453
Texas
.............................................................
115,674
42,853
41,898
15,337
15,586
117,348
42,513
42,950
15,850
16,035
Utah
...............................................................
36,764
16,079
16,675
1,897
2,113
37,442
16,044
16,818
2,412
2,168
Vermont
.........................................................
14,595
5,144
5,990
1,135
2,326
14,951
5,111
6,145
1,135
2,560
Virginia
..........................................................
62,792
18,400
25,029
8,303
11,060
61,376
18,765
25,355
7,366
9,890
Washington
...................................................
39,184
12,896
15,826
4,250
6,212
40,311
13,163
17,010
4,208
5,930
West
Virginia
.................................................
11,177
3,839
5,211
649
1,478
10,934
3,697
5,205
640
1,392
Wisconsin
......................................................
54,453
16,031
20,041
6,674
11,707
54,499
15,960
20,193
6,925
11,421
Wyoming
.......................................................
756
749
7
 
 
811
798
13
 
 
Outlying
areas
..............................................
106,607
31,129
47,415
11,566
16,497
101,799
29,458
46,158
11,314
14,869
American
Samoa
...........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
.............................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
...........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.............................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
...................................................
106,607
31,129
47,415
11,566
16,497
101,799
29,458
46,158
11,314
14,869
Virgin
Islands
................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998).
218
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
196.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
type
of
institution,
and
state:
1995
and
1996
State
or
other
area
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Public
4­
year
Public
2­
year
Private
4­
year
Private
2­
year
Public
4­
year
Public
2­
year
Private
4­
year
Private
2­
year
Total
Nonprofit
Total
Nonprofit
Total
Nonprofit
Total
Nonprofit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
..................
5,814,545
5,277,829
2,954,707
2,853,890
214,700
75,154
5,806,904
5,283,267
2,995,931
2,871,693
214,153
68,864
Alabama
..............................
126,508
76,657
21,949
21,949
498
223
122,796
73,735
21,869
21,869
1,099
169
Alaska
..................................
27,556
812
776
776
204
 
27,077
751
692
692
326
 
Arizona
................................
101,718
152,812
18,562
7,579
889
 
102,501
150,968
22,402
8,691
961
 
Arkansas
.............................
62,809
24,258
10,667
10,667
446
446
62,094
27,363
10,825
10,825
406
406
California
.............................
490,231
1,073,999
238,755
217,702
14,057
7,853
504,803
1,120,104
243,468
217,372
14,259
9,125
Colorado
..............................
132,616
77,696
28,804
22,644
3,623
39
132,293
76,890
32,205
23,049
1,561
40
Connecticut
.........................
57,711
42,828
55,594
55,344
1,562
1,021
56,548
41,040
56,217
55,963
1,556
983
Delaware
.............................
24,540
11,664
8,103
8,103
 
 
24,708
11,871
8,259
8,259
 
 
District
of
Columbia
.............
9,663
 
67,614
65,481
 
 
7,456
 
66,783
64,306
 
 
Florida
.................................
206,961
323,646
101,265
92,456
5,431
1,094
211,159
319,871
104,308
94,287
5,835
 
Georgia
................................
160,425
88,257
61,480
55,870
4,550
3,127
159,013
90,271
64,257
57,592
4,458
3,251
Hawaii
..................................
23,345
26,853
13,000
12,900
 
 
21,691
25,679
14,013
13,338
 
 
Idaho
...................................
41,449
7,537
2,308
2,308
8,272
7,956
41,344
8,048
2,390
2,390
8,122
7,755
Illinois
..................................
192,532
337,716
183,336
172,421
4,270
3,564
192,319
340,151
184,393
172,466
4,124
3,443
Indiana
.................................
184,184
40,611
61,331
59,622
3,489
2,118
182,946
38,021
61,849
60,064
3,510
2,190
Iowa
.....................................
65,841
56,555
50,324
50,020
1,115
1,115
66,539
59,384
50,044
49,757
1,054
1,054
Kansas
................................
86,770
73,679
16,316
16,316
878
878
85,934
69,495
16,048
16,048
873
873
Kentucky
..............................
105,529
43,279
27,382
25,235
2,668
937
104,317
43,106
27,717
25,425
2,609
346
Louisiana
.............................
147,920
26,953
27,884
27,393
1,178
768
147,238
27,351
27,507
25,930
1,421
1,421
Maine
...................................
31,275
6,920
16,437
16,437
1,915
85
30,979
6,909
15,946
15,946
1,811
88
Maryland
..............................
113,738
109,119
42,267
42,267
1,186
669
113,159
104,118
42,299
42,299
1,181
660
Massachusetts
....................
101,814
74,963
228,964
228,897
8,053
7,382
101,824
71,592
229,983
229,922
6,928
6,195
Michigan
..............................
258,996
203,394
83,304
83,304
2,645
2,645
259,414
199,575
86,298
85,688
1,687
1,687
Minnesota
............................
117,188
100,061
59,410
58,318
4,157
1,905
117,831
90,709
61,954
60,278
4,768
2,029
Mississippi
...........................
58,847
51,753
11,278
11,278
812
812
60,560
54,345
10,614
10,614
715
715
Missouri
...............................
117,871
72,122
96,946
93,909
4,597
2,629
117,213
72,056
96,973
93,677
4,291
2,437
Montana
..............................
31,412
6,023
4,319
4,319
920
920
31,697
6,303
4,314
4,314
831
831
Nebraska
.............................
58,081
37,518
19,575
19,575
544
 
57,266
42,451
19,583
19,583
 
 
Nevada
................................
30,831
35,852
1,116
466
27
27
30,988
40,937
1,518
583
24
24
New
Hampshire
...................
26,497
9,572
24,227
24,227
4,031
491
26,547
9,818
24,229
24,229
3,869
392
New
Jersey
.........................
137,829
133,240
58,045
58,045
4,717
167
137,493
127,103
58,402
58,402
5,190
131
New
Mexico
.........................
49,819
47,401
4,231
2,598
954
 
48,818
48,812
4,865
2,819
1,051
 
New
York
.............................
335,728
252,763
425,065
419,181
28,010
6,446
328,666
243,816
431,012
421,722
24,376
6,077
North
Carolina
.....................
157,414
145,685
67,448
67,448
1,483
1,339
156,539
146,400
69,220
69,220
1,009
893
North
Dakota
.......................
28,396
8,414
3,334
3,334
255
255
28,052
8,713
3,514
3,514
275
275
Ohio
.....................................
262,036
147,782
117,115
114,199
13,342
3,043
258,417
146,922
118,757
115,767
13,439
3,109
Oklahoma
............................
95,387
62,639
20,621
20,621
2,029
719
93,778
60,603
20,837
20,837
2,037
755
Oregon
................................
63,056
80,561
23,359
22,748
169
 
64,413
77,016
23,739
23,092
 
 
Pennsylvania
.......................
233,433
106,495
220,269
220,134
57,562
6,708
232,223
102,958
219,848
219,734
66,965
7,420
Rhode
Island
.......................
22,764
15,889
33,021
33,021
2,426
2,426
22,251
15,236
34,945
34,945
 
 
South
Carolina
....................
87,813
60,893
24,124
24,124
1,295
804
87,344
61,019
24,626
24,626
1,314
765
South
Dakota
......................
29,484
209
6,769
4,968
233
233
28,367
197
6,605
4,906
204
204
Tennessee
...........................
115,042
78,094
50,388
50,001
2,438
1,098
115,467
78,630
51,065
50,257
1,881
621
Texas
...................................
417,431
419,420
109,724
107,409
5,950
763
414,021
424,070
111,166
108,747
6,182
796
Utah
.....................................
80,088
30,472
35,505
33,287
1,259
830
81,313
32,882
36,186
33,313
1,256
801
Vermont
...............................
15,835
4,635
14,394
14,394
201
201
15,578
4,561
14,717
14,717
234
234
Virginia
................................
164,782
128,345
57,917
51,461
4,875
1,266
167,809
124,603
56,762
49,774
4,614
539
Washington
.........................
86,080
160,555
36,950
36,400
2,234
16
87,304
164,565
37,785
37,299
2,526
16
West
Virginia
.......................
67,877
6,980
10,391
10,391
786
 
68,036
6,719
10,187
10,187
747
 
Wisconsin
............................
139,192
106,578
52,744
52,343
1,709
136
140,964
103,664
52,736
52,359
1,763
114
Wyoming
.............................
11,361
18,059
 
 
756
 
11,251
18,743
 
 
811
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
..........
18,840
69,611
 
 
 
 
18,546
63,123
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
................
62,568
14,482
97,712
95,142
8,895
1,363
67,569
12,292
92,849
89,815
8,950
1,074
American
Samoa
.................
 
1,232
 
 
 
 
 
1,239
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
................................
 
1,296
 
 
 
 
 
1,396
 
 
 
 
Guam
...................................
3,654
2,356
 
 
 
 
3,383
1,952
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
..................
 
418
 
 
 
 
 
431
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
..............
 
959
 
 
 
 
 
1,096
 
 
 
 
Palau
...................................
 
351
 
 
 
 
 
332
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
.........................
55,860
7,870
97,712
95,142
8,895
1,363
61,288
5,846
92,849
89,815
8,950
1,074
Virgin
Islands
.......................
3,054
 
 
 
 
 
2,898
 
 
 
 
 
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)
219
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
197.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
enrollment
and
state:
1994
to
1996
State
or
other
area
Fall
1994
Fall
1995
Fall
1996
1
Total
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Total
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
.....................................
14,278,790
12,262,608
294,713
1,721,469
12,231,719
297,592
1,732,470
14,300,255
12,259,417
297,739
1,743,099
Alabama
...................................................
229,511
202,408
3,834
23,269
198,050
4,139
23,423
219,499
192,979
4,141
22,379
Alaska
......................................................
28,798
27,189
 
1,609
27,657
 
1,691
28,846
27,291
 
1,555
Arizona
.....................................................
274,932
241,290
1,549
32,093
242,113
1,561
30,307
276,832
243,247
1,553
32,032
Arkansas
..................................................
96,294
87,197
1,705
7,392
88,460
1,702
8,018
100,688
90,840
1,667
8,181
California
..................................................
1,835,791
1,624,924
35,340
175,527
1,605,825
35,547
175,670
1,882,634
1,666,592
33,404
182,638
Colorado
...................................................
241,295
201,110
3,206
36,979
201,005
3,130
38,604
242,949
202,559
3,173
37,217
Connecticut
..............................................
159,990
125,939
3,394
30,657
124,063
3,416
30,216
155,361
121,831
3,407
30,123
Delaware
..................................................
44,197
38,296
1,333
4,568
38,177
1,289
4,841
44,838
38,624
1,272
4,942
District
of
Columbia
..................................
77,256
43,623
8,819
24,814
43,365
9,068
24,844
74,239
41,004
8,956
24,279
Florida
......................................................
634,237
562,961
8,653
62,623
564,635
9,284
63,384
641,173
566,243
9,870
65,060
Georgia
....................................................
308,587
263,604
9,595
35,388
267,900
10,060
36,752
317,999
270,167
10,222
37,610
Hawaii
......................................................
64,322
55,850
495
7,977
54,901
498
7,799
61,383
53,438
467
7,478
Idaho
........................................................
60,393
51,783
559
8,051
51,978
529
7,059
59,904
52,594
546
6,764
Illinois
.......................................................
731,420
617,549
17,173
96,698
601,745
17,368
98,741
720,987
604,941
17,208
98,838
Indiana
.....................................................
292,276
252,801
5,513
33,962
249,847
5,339
34,429
286,326
246,852
5,432
34,042
Iowa
..........................................................
172,450
149,331
6,650
16,469
151,082
6,568
16,185
177,021
154,081
6,463
16,477
Kansas
.....................................................
170,603
148,046
2,075
20,482
155,852
2,074
19,717
172,350
150,015
2,101
20,234
Kentucky
..................................................
182,577
158,177
4,512
19,888
153,840
4,647
20,371
177,749
152,535
4,783
20,431
Louisiana
..................................................
203,567
172,561
6,102
24,904
171,941
6,129
25,865
203,517
172,017
6,058
25,442
Maine
.......................................................
56,724
50,274
667
5,783
49,730
681
6,136
55,645
49,109
713
5,823
Maryland
..................................................
266,214
220,535
4,173
41,506
218,536
4,410
43,364
260,757
213,735
4,305
42,717
Massachusetts
.........................................
416,505
323,868
13,283
79,354
319,541
13,450
80,803
410,327
315,321
13,494
81,512
Michigan
...................................................
551,307
474,357
10,681
66,269
470,493
10,719
67,127
546,974
467,576
10,445
68,953
Minnesota
.................................................
289,300
251,649
5,838
31,813
242,048
6,085
32,683
275,262
234,087
6,223
34,952
Mississippi
................................................
120,884
108,003
1,895
10,986
109,298
1,759
11,633
126,234
112,430
1,867
11,937
Missouri
....................................................
293,810
247,484
10,208
36,118
242,876
9,370
39,290
290,533
240,430
9,665
40,438
Montana
...................................................
40,095
36,414
235
3,446
39,113
236
3,325
43,145
39,628
227
3,290
Nebraska
..................................................
116,000
100,482
3,219
12,299
100,107
3,165
12,446
119,300
103,799
3,116
12,385
Nevada
.....................................................
64,085
57,103
218
6,764
60,398
211
7,217
73,467
65,835
205
7,427
New
Hampshire
.......................................
62,847
53,154
724
8,969
54,114
702
9,511
64,463
54,428
710
9,325
New
Jersey
..............................................
335,480
286,020
6,588
42,872
284,552
6,611
42,668
328,188
279,431
6,586
42,171
New
Mexico
.............................................
101,881
88,643
625
12,613
88,793
635
12,977
103,546
89,360
871
13,315
New
York
.................................................
1,057,841
856,719
27,707
173,415
841,352
27,783
172,431
1,027,870
829,446
27,422
171,002
North
Carolina
..........................................
369,386
327,812
6,525
35,049
329,893
6,663
35,474
373,168
330,738
7,169
35,261
North
Dakota
............................................
40,184
37,016
483
2,685
37,183
447
2,769
40,554
37,374
438
2,742
Ohio
..........................................................
549,304
471,266
12,321
65,717
461,524
12,500
66,251
537,535
458,748
12,425
66,362
Oklahoma
.................................................
185,174
159,288
3,582
22,304
154,949
3,481
22,246
177,255
152,668
3,101
21,486
Oregon
.....................................................
164,447
144,583
3,559
16,305
147,444
3,653
16,048
165,168
144,434
3,807
16,927
Pennsylvania
............................................
611,174
513,257
15,462
82,455
520,371
15,626
81,762
621,994
525,882
15,605
80,507
Rhode
Island
............................................
74,718
64,743
655
9,320
64,072
820
9,208
72,432
62,259
869
9,304
South
Carolina
.........................................
173,070
148,120
2,369
22,581
148,808
2,423
22,894
174,303
149,508
2,738
22,057
South
Dakota
...........................................
37,764
33,281
512
3,971
32,160
637
3,898
35,373
30,909
672
3,792
Tennessee
...............................................
242,966
211,374
5,766
25,826
213,842
5,619
26,501
247,043
214,286
5,690
27,067
Texas
.......................................................
954,495
832,145
19,194
103,156
830,381
19,463
102,681
955,439
833,031
19,890
102,518
Utah
..........................................................
146,196
132,211
1,250
12,735
134,319
1,253
11,752
151,637
138,119
1,254
12,264
Vermont
....................................................
35,409
30,459
898
4,052
30,488
890
3,687
35,090
30,285
896
3,909
Virginia
.....................................................
354,149
300,598
6,419
47,132
300,612
6,461
48,846
353,788
298,491
6,900
48,397
Washington
..............................................
284,662
257,746
3,307
23,609
259,928
3,596
22,295
292,180
265,685
3,758
22,737
West
Virginia
............................................
87,741
74,844
1,384
11,513
73,845
1,397
10,792
85,689
73,279
1,420
10,990
Wisconsin
.................................................
303,861
269,548
3,568
30,745
267,273
3,605
29,345
299,127
265,835
3,653
29,639
Wyoming
..................................................
30,682
27,771
232
2,679
27,620
225
2,331
30,805
28,374
209
2,222
U.
S.
Service
Schools
...............................
51,939
47,202
659
4,078
83,620
668
4,163
81,669
77,047
673
3,949
Outlying
areas
.....................................
170,686
155,093
2,691
12,902
168,107
2,890
12,660
181,660
165,153
3,132
13,375
American
Samoa
.....................................
1,249
1,249
 
 
1,232
 
 
1,239
1,239
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
...............
1,374
1,374
 
 
1,296
 
 
1,396
1,396
 
 
Guam
.......................................................
6,449
6,052
 
397
5,644
 
366
5,335
4,986
 
349
Marshall
Islands
.......................................
424
424
 
 
418
 
 
431
431
 
 
Northern
Marianas
...................................
1,253
1,253
 
 
959
 
 
1,096
1,096
 
 
Palau
........................................................
403
403
 
 
351
 
 
332
332
 
 
Puerto
Rico
..............................................
156,439
141,543
2,691
12,205
155,430
2,890
12,017
168,933
153,007
3,132
12,794
Virgin
Islands
...........................................
3,095
2,795
 
300
2,777
 
277
2,898
2,666
 
232
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
220
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
198.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
level
of
enrollment,
and
state:
1996
1
State
or
other
area
Public
Private
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
..........................................
9,905,339
4,622,497
5,282,842
116,385
1,068,447
2,354,078
2,140,047
214,031
181,354
674,652
Alabama
........................................................
173,387
99,652
73,735
2,236
20,908
19,592
18,493
1,099
1,905
1,471
Alaska
............................................................
26,462
25,711
751
 
1,366
829
503
326
 
189
Arizona
..........................................................
227,432
76,464
150,968
1,553
24,484
15,815
14,854
961
 
7,548
Arkansas
.......................................................
79,878
52,515
27,363
1,667
7,912
10,962
10,556
406
 
269
California
.......................................................
1,518,803
398,699
1,120,104
7,910
98,194
147,789
133,530
14,259
25,494
84,444
Colorado
........................................................
180,235
103,345
76,890
1,811
27,137
22,324
20,763
1,561
1,362
10,080
Connecticut
...................................................
82,015
40,975
41,040
1,143
14,430
39,816
38,260
1,556
2,264
15,693
Delaware
.......................................................
32,995
21,124
11,871
 
3,584
5,629
5,629
 
1,272
1,358
District
of
Columbia
.......................................
7,105
7,105
 
 
351
33,899
33,899
 
8,956
23,928
Florida
...........................................................
486,171
166,300
319,871
3,654
41,205
80,072
74,237
5,835
6,216
23,855
Georgia
..........................................................
218,359
128,088
90,271
3,070
27,855
51,808
47,350
4,458
7,152
9,755
Hawaii
............................................................
41,436
15,757
25,679
456
5,478
12,002
12,002
 
11
2,000
Idaho
.............................................................
42,531
34,483
8,048
546
6,315
10,063
1,941
8,122
 
449
Illinois
............................................................
482,623
142,472
340,151
4,368
45,479
122,318
118,194
4,124
12,840
53,359
Indiana
...........................................................
190,190
152,169
38,021
3,706
27,071
56,662
53,152
3,510
1,726
6,971
Iowa
...............................................................
110,374
50,990
59,384
2,830
12,719
43,707
42,653
1,054
3,633
3,758
Kansas
..........................................................
134,934
65,439
69,495
2,020
18,475
15,081
14,208
873
81
1,759
Kentucky
........................................................
126,995
83,889
43,106
3,113
17,315
25,540
22,931
2,609
1,670
3,116
Louisiana
.......................................................
151,275
123,924
27,351
2,629
20,685
20,742
19,321
1,421
3,429
4,757
Maine
.............................................................
33,888
26,979
6,909
296
3,704
15,221
13,410
1,811
417
2,119
Maryland
........................................................
189,637
85,519
104,118
3,564
24,076
24,098
22,917
1,181
741
18,641
Massachusetts
..............................................
153,625
82,033
71,592
433
19,358
161,696
154,768
6,928
13,061
62,154
Michigan
........................................................
393,974
194,399
199,575
6,479
58,536
73,602
71,915
1,687
3,966
10,417
Minnesota
......................................................
189,171
98,462
90,709
2,696
16,673
44,916
40,270
4,646
3,527
18,279
Mississippi
.....................................................
103,170
48,825
54,345
1,282
10,453
9,260
8,545
715
585
1,484
Missouri
.........................................................
168,890
96,834
72,056
2,503
17,876
71,540
67,249
4,291
7,162
22,562
Montana
........................................................
34,627
28,324
6,303
227
3,146
5,001
4,170
831
 
144
Nebraska
.......................................................
87,688
45,237
42,451
1,304
10,725
16,111
16,111
 
1,812
1,660
Nevada
..........................................................
64,848
23,911
40,937
205
6,872
987
963
24
 
555
New
Hampshire
.............................................
32,514
22,696
9,818
 
3,851
21,914
18,045
3,869
710
5,474
New
Jersey
...................................................
234,198
107,095
127,103
3,615
26,783
45,233
40,043
5,190
2,971
15,388
New
Mexico
...................................................
84,667
35,855
48,812
717
12,246
4,693
3,642
1,051
154
1,069
New
York
.......................................................
509,053
265,237
243,816
4,679
58,750
320,393
296,017
24,376
22,743
112,252
North
Carolina
...............................................
272,790
126,390
146,400
2,878
27,271
57,948
56,939
1,009
4,291
7,990
North
Dakota
.................................................
33,734
25,021
8,713
438
2,593
3,640
3,365
275
 
149
Ohio
...............................................................
352,088
205,591
146,497
7,656
45,595
106,660
93,221
13,439
4,769
20,767
Oklahoma
......................................................
134,805
74,202
60,603
1,853
17,723
17,863
15,826
2,037
1,248
3,763
Oregon
..........................................................
127,098
50,082
77,016
1,262
13,069
17,336
17,336
 
2,545
3,858
Pennsylvania
.................................................
293,891
190,933
102,958
4,449
36,841
231,991
165,026
66,965
11,156
43,666
Rhode
Island
.................................................
32,487
17,251
15,236
34
4,966
29,772
29,772
 
835
4,338
South
Carolina
..............................................
126,001
64,982
61,019
1,923
20,439
23,507
22,193
1,314
815
1,618
South
Dakota
................................................
24,583
24,386
197
566
3,415
6,326
6,122
204
106
377
Tennessee
.....................................................
171,244
92,614
78,630
2,766
20,087
43,042
41,161
1,881
2,924
6,980
Texas
.............................................................
746,237
322,167
424,070
10,067
81,787
86,794
80,612
6,182
9,823
20,731
Utah
...............................................................
104,747
71,865
32,882
775
8,673
33,372
32,116
1,256
479
3,591
Vermont
.........................................................
18,255
13,694
4,561
373
1,511
12,030
11,796
234
523
2,398
Virginia
..........................................................
247,646
123,043
124,603
4,499
40,267
50,845
46,231
4,614
2,401
8,130
Washington
...................................................
237,095
72,530
164,565
1,993
12,781
28,590
26,064
2,526
1,765
9,956
West
Virginia
.................................................
62,826
56,107
6,719
1,420
10,509
10,453
9,706
747
 
481
Wisconsin
......................................................
222,052
118,388
103,664
1,839
20,737
43,783
42,020
1,763
1,814
8,902
Wyoming
.......................................................
27,563
8,820
18,743
209
2,222
811
 
811
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
....................................
77,047
13,924
63,123
673
3,949
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
..........................................
73,509
61,217
12,292
1,272
5,080
91,644
82,694
8,950
1,860
8,295
American
Samoa
...........................................
1,239
 
1,239
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
....................
1,396
 
1,396
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
.............................................................
4,986
3,034
1,952
 
349
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
............................................
431
 
431
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
........................................
1,096
 
1,096
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.............................................................
332
 
332
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
...................................................
61,363
55,517
5,846
1,272
4,499
91,644
82,694
8,950
1,860
8,295
Virgin
Islands
.................................................
2,666
2,666
 
 
232
 
 
 
 
 
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1996''
survey
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
221
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
199.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
level
of
enrollment,
and
state:
1995
State
or
other
area
Public
Private
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Undergraduate
First­
professional
Graduate
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
..........................................
9,903,626
4,626,228
5,277,398
115,072
1,073,676
2,328,093
2,113,393
214,700
182,520
658,794
Alabama
........................................................
179,073
102,416
76,657
2,282
21,810
18,977
18,479
498
1,857
1,613
Alaska
............................................................
26,878
26,066
812
 
1,490
779
575
204
 
201
Arizona
..........................................................
228,108
75,296
152,812
1,561
24,861
14,005
13,116
889
 
5,446
Arkansas
.......................................................
77,654
53,396
24,258
1,702
7,711
10,806
10,360
446
 
307
California
.......................................................
1,461,528
387,529
1,073,999
7,866
94,836
144,297
130,240
14,057
27,681
80,834
Colorado
........................................................
179,961
102,265
77,696
1,784
28,567
21,044
17,421
3,623
1,346
10,037
Connecticut
...................................................
84,780
41,952
42,828
1,161
14,598
39,283
37,721
1,562
2,255
15,618
Delaware
.......................................................
32,707
21,043
11,664
 
3,497
5,470
5,470
 
1,289
1,344
District
of
Columbia
.......................................
9,179
9,179
 
 
484
34,186
34,186
 
9,068
24,360
Florida
...........................................................
486,639
162,993
323,646
3,411
40,557
77,996
72,565
5,431
5,873
22,827
Georgia
..........................................................
217,773
129,516
88,257
3,076
27,833
50,127
45,577
4,550
6,984
8,919
Hawaii
............................................................
43,651
16,798
26,853
453
6,094
11,250
11,250
 
45
1,705
Idaho
.............................................................
41,777
34,240
7,537
529
6,680
10,201
1,929
8,272
 
379
Illinois
............................................................
479,731
142,015
337,716
4,397
46,120
122,014
117,744
4,270
12,971
52,621
Indiana
...........................................................
193,364
152,753
40,611
3,529
27,902
56,483
52,994
3,489
1,810
6,527
Iowa
...............................................................
106,854
50,299
56,555
2,811
12,731
44,228
43,113
1,115
3,757
3,454
Kansas
..........................................................
140,376
66,697
73,679
2,005
18,068
15,476
14,598
878
69
1,649
Kentucky
........................................................
128,633
85,354
43,279
2,990
17,185
25,207
22,539
2,668
1,657
3,186
Louisiana
.......................................................
151,350
124,397
26,953
2,631
20,892
20,591
19,413
1,178
3,498
4,973
Maine
.............................................................
34,057
27,137
6,920
286
3,852
15,673
13,758
1,915
395
2,284
Maryland
........................................................
194,618
85,499
109,119
3,593
24,646
23,918
22,732
1,186
817
18,718
Massachusetts
..............................................
157,775
82,812
74,963
423
18,579
161,766
153,713
8,053
13,027
62,224
Michigan
........................................................
397,593
194,199
203,394
6,615
58,182
72,900
70,255
2,645
4,104
8,945
Minnesota
......................................................
198,113
98,052
100,061
2,612
16,524
43,935
39,778
4,157
3,473
16,159
Mississippi
.....................................................
99,430
47,677
51,753
1,212
9,958
9,868
9,056
812
547
1,675
Missouri
.........................................................
169,460
97,338
72,122
2,441
18,092
73,416
68,819
4,597
6,929
21,198
Montana
........................................................
34,020
27,997
6,023
236
3,179
5,093
4,173
920
 
146
Nebraska
.......................................................
83,346
45,828
37,518
1,345
10,908
16,761
16,217
544
1,820
1,538
Nevada
..........................................................
59,581
23,729
35,852
211
6,891
817
790
27
 
326
New
Hampshire
.............................................
32,122
22,550
9,572
 
3,947
21,992
17,961
4,031
702
5,564
New
Jersey
...................................................
240,280
107,040
133,240
3,593
27,196
44,272
39,555
4,717
3,018
15,472
New
Mexico
...................................................
84,537
37,136
47,401
635
12,048
4,256
3,302
954
 
929
New
York
.......................................................
523,666
270,903
252,763
4,760
60,065
317,686
289,676
28,010
23,023
112,366
North
Carolina
...............................................
272,390
126,705
145,685
2,604
28,105
57,503
56,020
1,483
4,059
7,369
North
Dakota
.................................................
33,726
25,312
8,414
447
2,637
3,457
3,202
255
 
132
Ohio
...............................................................
355,683
208,332
147,351
7,722
46,413
105,841
92,499
13,342
4,778
19,838
Oklahoma
......................................................
137,601
74,962
62,639
2,045
18,380
17,348
15,319
2,029
1,436
3,866
Oregon
..........................................................
130,049
49,488
80,561
1,200
12,368
17,395
17,226
169
2,453
3,680
Pennsylvania
.................................................
297,548
191,053
106,495
4,416
37,964
222,823
165,261
57,562
11,210
43,798
Rhode
Island
.................................................
33,619
17,730
15,889
15
5,019
30,453
28,027
2,426
805
4,189
South
Carolina
..............................................
125,825
64,932
60,893
1,876
21,005
22,983
21,688
1,295
547
1,889
South
Dakota
................................................
25,660
25,451
209
533
3,500
6,500
6,267
233
104
398
Tennessee
.....................................................
170,622
92,528
78,094
2,749
19,765
43,220
40,782
2,438
2,870
6,736
Texas
.............................................................
744,492
325,072
419,420
9,829
82,530
85,889
79,939
5,950
9,634
20,151
Utah
...............................................................
101,576
71,104
30,472
785
8,199
32,743
31,484
1,259
468
3,553
Vermont
.........................................................
18,559
13,924
4,635
377
1,534
11,929
11,728
201
513
2,153
Virginia
..........................................................
248,866
120,521
128,345
4,376
39,885
51,746
46,871
4,875
2,085
8,961
Washington
...................................................
231,917
71,362
160,555
1,831
12,887
28,011
25,777
2,234
1,765
9,408
West
Virginia
.................................................
63,108
56,128
6,980
1,397
10,352
10,737
9,951
786
 
440
Wisconsin
......................................................
223,287
116,709
106,578
1,827
20,656
43,986
42,277
1,709
1,778
8,689
Wyoming
.......................................................
26,864
8,805
18,059
225
2,331
756
 
756
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
....................................
83,620
14,009
69,611
668
4,163
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
..........................................
70,515
56,033
14,482
1,114
5,421
97,592
88,697
8,895
1,776
7,239
American
Samoa
...........................................
1,232
 
1,232
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
....................
1,296
 
1,296
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
.............................................................
5,644
3,288
2,356
 
366
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
............................................
418
 
418
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
........................................
959
 
959
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.............................................................
351
 
351
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
...................................................
57,838
49,968
7,870
1,114
4,778
97,592
88,697
8,895
1,776
7,239
Virgin
Islands
.................................................
2,777
2,777
 
 
277
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1995''
survey
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
222
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
200.
 
Full­
time­
equivalent
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1969
to
1996
Year
All
institutions
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Institutions
of
higher
education
1969
...............................
6,334,139
4,899,526
1,434,612
4,577,985
3,259,676
1,318,309
1,756,153
1,639,850
116,303
1970
...............................
6,737,817
5,145,410
1,592,404
4,953,149
3,468,572
1,484,577
1,784,665
1,676,838
107,827
1971
...............................
7,148,575
5,357,708
1,790,867
5,344,356
3,660,624
1,683,732
1,804,219
1,697,084
107,135
1972
...............................
7,253,712
5,406,792
1,846,921
5,452,851
3,706,238
1,746,613
1,800,862
1,700,554
100,308
1973
...............................
7,453,467
5,439,226
2,014,241
5,629,568
3,721,035
1,908,533
1,823,899
1,718,191
105,708
1974
...............................
7,805,454
5,606,248
2,199,206
5,944,799
3,847,542
2,097,257
1,860,655
1,758,706
101,949
1975
...............................
8,479,688
5,900,403
2,579,285
6,522,310
4,056,500
2,465,810
1,957,378
1,843,903
113,475
1976
...............................
8,312,502
5,848,001
2,464,501
6,349,903
3,998,450
2,351,453
1,962,599
1,849,551
113,048
1977
...............................
8,415,339
5,935,076
2,480,263
6,396,476
4,039,071
2,357,405
2,018,863
1,896,005
122,858
1978
...............................
8,348,482
5,932,357
2,416,125
6,279,199
3,996,126
2,283,073
2,069,283
1,936,231
133,052
1979
...............................
8,487,317
6,016,072
2,471,245
6,392,617
4,059,304
2,333,313
2,094,700
1,956,768
137,932
1980
...............................
8,819,013
6,161,372
2,657,641
6,642,294
4,158,267
2,484,027
2,176,719
2,003,105
1
173,614
1981
...............................
9,014,521
6,249,847
2,764,674
6,781,300
4,208,506
2,572,794
2,233,221
2,041,341
1
191,880
1982
...............................
9,091,648
6,248,923
2,842,725
6,850,589
4,220,648
2,629,941
2,241,059
2,028,275
212,784
1983
...............................
9,166,398
6,325,222
2,841,176
6,881,479
4,265,807
2,615,672
2,284,919
2,059,415
225,504
1984
...............................
8,951,695
6,292,711
2,658,984
6,684,664
4,237,895
2,446,769
2,267,031
2,054,816
212,215
1985
...............................
8,943,433
6,294,339
2,649,094
6,667,781
4,239,622
2,428,159
2,275,652
2,054,717
220,935
1986
...............................
9,064,165
6,360,325
2,703,842
6,778,045
4,295,494
2,482,551
2,286,122
2,064,831
2
221,291
1987
...............................
9,229,736
6,486,504
2,743,230
6,937,690
4,395,728
2,541,961
2,292,045
2,090,776
201,269
1988
...............................
9,464,271
6,664,146
2,800,125
7,096,905
4,505,774
2,591,131
2,367,366
2,158,372
208,994
1989
...............................
9,780,881
6,813,602
2,967,279
7,371,590
4,619,828
2,751,762
2,409,291
2,193,774
215,517
1990
...............................
9,983,436
6,968,008
3,015,428
7,557,982
4,740,049
2,817,933
2,425,454
2,227,959
197,495
1991
...............................
10,360,606
7,081,454
3,279,152
7,862,845
4,795,704
3,067,141
2,497,761
2,285,750
212,011
1992
...............................
10,436,776
7,129,379
3,307,397
7,911,701
4,797,884
3,113,817
2,525,075
2,331,495
193,580
1993
...............................
10,351,415
7,120,921
3,230,494
7,812,394
4,765,983
3,046,411
2,539,021
2,354,938
184,083
1994
...............................
10,348,072
7,137,341
3,210,731
7,784,396
4,749,524
3,034,872
2,563,676
2,387,817
175,859
1995
...............................
10,334,956
7,172,844
3,162,112
7,751,815
4,757,223
2,994,592
2,583,141
2,415,621
167,520
1996
3
.............................
10,402,260
7,231,680
3,170,580
7,775,298
4,767,248
3,008,050
2,626,962
2,464,432
162,530
Degree­
granting
institutions
4
1996
3
.............................
10,481,886
7,234,541
3,247,345
7,794,895
4,767,117
3,027,778
2,686,991
2,467,424
219,567
1
Large
increases
are
due
to
the
addition
of
schools
accredited
by
the
Accrediting
Commission
of
Career
Schools
and
Colleges
of
Technology
in
1980
and
1981.
2
Because
of
imputation
techniques,
data
are
not
consistent
with
figures
for
other
years.
3
Preliminary
data.
4
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

NOTE.
 
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
223
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
201.
 
Full­
time­
equivalent
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
type
of
institution,
and
state:
1994
to
1996
State
or
other
area
Public
4­
year
Public
2­
year
Private
4­
year
Private
2­
year
1994
1995
1996
1
1994
1995
1996
1
1994
1995
1996
1
1994
1995
1996
1
United
States
...................................
4,749,524
4,757,223
4,767,248
3,034,872
2,994,592
3,008,050
2,387,817
2,415,621
2,464,432
175,859
167,520
162,530
Alabama
................................................
103,200
104,189
101,864
56,255
54,564
53,207
19,485
19,533
19,655
1,231
450
883
Alaska
....................................................
17,810
17,823
17,508
244
326
322
622
588
555
303
167
270
Arizona
..................................................
82,558
83,010
84,062
76,262
76,822
76,541
19,129
16,658
20,174
929
889
948
Arkansas
................................................
54,540
53,057
52,468
13,281
15,177
16,713
9,666
9,975
10,167
346
349
376
California
...............................................
413,527
421,100
434,560
575,613
563,047
580,225
199,213
199,346
203,916
12,344
12,886
13,246
Colorado
................................................
104,474
104,521
104,977
40,104
40,332
39,996
21,477
21,702
24,957
3,121
3,442
1,554
Connecticut
...........................................
43,582
43,441
42,967
22,303
21,322
20,374
43,398
43,831
44,901
1,188
1,157
1,160
Delaware
...............................................
20,982
20,533
20,821
6,529
6,705
6,975
5,232
5,298
5,351
 
 
 
District
of
Columbia
...............................
6,495
5,950
4,559
 
 
 
53,802
55,068
54,654
 
 
 
Florida
....................................................
155,232
160,046
163,504
179,177
176,817
174,897
80,234
80,301
82,796
4,884
5,123
5,524
Georgia
..................................................
128,563
132,111
131,676
55,739
56,843
58,585
52,189
55,179
57,817
5,319
4,132
4,105
Hawaii
....................................................
19,437
19,158
17,680
16,692
16,222
15,859
9,485
9,916
11,101
 
 
 
Idaho
.....................................................
32,237
32,161
32,375
5,218
5,265
5,693
2,252
1,998
2,042
8,280
8,122
7,986
Illinois
.....................................................
161,500
159,900
159,822
190,946
183,337
184,823
141,160
144,744
146,132
5,421
3,784
3,684
Indiana
...................................................
147,844
146,709
147,182
24,279
23,310
22,165
53,673
54,658
55,213
2,997
2,866
2,878
Iowa
.......................................................
57,556
57,870
58,444
39,735
39,829
41,310
40,905
41,377
41,185
1,212
926
890
Kansas
...................................................
71,257
71,592
70,500
37,568
39,813
38,116
14,166
13,756
13,545
784
735
721
Kentucky
................................................
87,211
86,774
86,022
29,039
28,227
28,346
22,331
22,965
23,316
4,153
2,361
2,403
Louisiana
...............................................
124,883
125,563
125,650
17,595
17,057
17,320
23,195
23,442
23,060
985
754
943
Maine
.....................................................
23,461
22,812
22,656
4,549
4,369
4,361
11,945
12,364
12,357
1,602
1,655
1,594
Maryland
................................................
86,578
87,997
88,440
58,471
57,419
55,837
29,393
30,193
30,537
937
1,032
1,005
Massachusetts
.......................................
78,686
78,616
78,570
47,035
44,938
42,703
184,199
189,336
190,839
9,506
5,997
5,093
Michigan
................................................
205,800
206,495
207,628
108,182
103,720
102,348
61,100
61,116
64,277
1,614
1,728
945
Minnesota
..............................................
89,990
88,696
89,123
67,471
62,765
62,673
47,395
48,406
49,981
3,521
3,263
3,706
Mississippi
.............................................
50,417
51,561
52,907
40,669
41,384
42,928
9,425
9,400
8,795
960
722
643
Missouri
.................................................
95,401
94,930
94,552
41,935
40,677
41,119
71,773
73,005
74,840
4,934
3,939
3,818
Montana
................................................
26,857
27,724
27,942
3,294
4,607
4,708
3,652
3,597
3,606
529
600
556
Nebraska
...............................................
47,248
47,537
47,036
20,129
19,711
22,656
16,682
16,627
16,833
338
403
 
Nevada
..................................................
21,963
21,806
22,382
13,855
15,191
17,544
598
967
1,305
27
27
24
New
Hampshire
.....................................
21,962
21,960
21,763
5,025
5,136
5,214
18,603
18,845
18,952
2,952
3,122
2,904
New
Jersey
............................................
102,204
103,590
104,618
81,903
81,176
78,580
44,368
44,052
44,668
3,295
3,851
4,154
New
Mexico
...........................................
39,973
39,186
38,147
25,126
25,717
26,415
3,550
3,671
4,230
651
954
1,051
New
York
...............................................
272,066
265,171
261,193
180,543
175,517
171,022
339,369
339,528
346,514
26,016
25,311
21,917
North
Carolina
.......................................
132,091
132,949
132,690
91,727
91,106
92,126
56,789
60,326
62,219
2,241
1,327
852
North
Dakota
.........................................
25,055
25,147
24,827
6,642
6,792
7,053
3,038
3,091
3,257
242
249
256
Ohio
.......................................................
223,580
219,518
216,875
88,888
87,324
86,890
95,994
96,059
98,040
9,586
8,909
8,891
Oklahoma
..............................................
78,501
77,450
76,320
38,063
37,142
36,486
18,138
17,675
17,852
2,459
1,909
1,900
Oregon
...................................................
52,916
53,445
54,255
44,748
42,866
42,781
19,949
20,115
20,519
163
158
 
Pennsylvania
.........................................
198,056
200,590
200,854
64,045
61,233
59,234
179,269
179,812
181,249
28,926
32,634
36,386
Rhode
Island
.........................................
18,015
17,634
17,143
8,524
8,490
8,348
28,720
28,583
30,478
1,930
2,149
 
South
Carolina
......................................
71,132
71,984
72,543
37,571
37,475
37,651
20,849
21,694
22,336
1,343
1,200
1,225
South
Dakota
.........................................
25,822
24,753
23,799
158
172
152
5,384
5,487
5,454
143
143
116
Tennessee
.............................................
93,976
95,789
96,234
46,958
46,996
47,938
44,083
45,903
46,748
2,425
2,018
1,644
Texas
.....................................................
339,801
337,321
336,716
237,787
237,117
241,061
87,907
91,399
92,304
5,987
5,641
5,815
Utah
.......................................................
61,636
62,683
62,014
18,453
19,369
20,344
33,661
33,170
33,512
1,079
1,146
1,136
Vermont
.................................................
13,765
13,715
13,588
1,834
1,885
1,937
12,390
12,301
12,504
163
178
188
Virginia
...................................................
136,115
138,030
140,484
67,688
66,674
64,728
46,742
46,992
47,157
3,744
4,016
3,723
Washington
...........................................
77,461
78,111
78,855
101,499
103,132
105,787
30,620
30,744
31,818
1,938
2,063
2,325
West
Virginia
.........................................
55,841
55,159
55,322
4,930
4,792
4,603
9,349
9,104
8,966
846
776
731
Wisconsin
..............................................
122,297
121,755
123,130
59,860
58,958
57,638
41,269
41,724
41,748
1,598
1,501
1,550
Wyoming
................................................
10,116
9,752
9,635
11,318
11,430
11,684
 
 
 
667
756
811
U.
S.
Service
Schools
............................
17,854
17,849
18,366
19,413
24,297
22,034
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
..................................
49,518
54,519
59,787
9,886
11,238
9,287
73,595
81,801
77,884
10,161
7,806
8,040
American
Samoa
...................................
 
 
 
998
988
999
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
............
 
 
 
1,040
1,076
1,098
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
.....................................................
3,159
2,787
2,610
1,049
1,032
912
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
....................................
 
 
 
254
249
300
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
.................................
 
 
 
653
625
693
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.....................................................
 
 
 
357
296
281
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
...........................................
44,321
49,679
55,224
5,535
6,972
5,004
73,595
81,801
77,884
10,161
7,806
8,040
Virgin
Islands
.........................................
2,038
2,053
1,953
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
224
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
202.
 
Full­
time­
equivalent
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
and
state:
1980
to
1996
State
or
other
area
Total
Public
Private
1980
1985
1990
1995
1996
1
1990
1995
1996
1
1990
1995
1996
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
....
8,819,013
8,943,433
9,983,436
10,334,956
10,402,260
7,557,982
7,751,815
7,775,298
2,425,454
2,583,141
2,626,962
Alabama
..................
138,910
149,895
174,610
178,736
175,609
154,343
158,753
155,071
20,267
19,983
20,538
Alaska
......................
10,073
14,098
18,496
18,904
18,655
17,087
18,149
17,830
1,409
755
825
Arizona
....................
127,114
134,954
167,617
177,379
181,725
153,500
159,832
160,603
14,117
17,547
21,122
Arkansas
.................
64,307
63,230
74,449
78,558
79,724
63,472
68,234
69,181
10,977
10,324
10,543
California
.................
1,099,559
1,062,439
1,156,288
1,196,379
1,231,947
979,663
984,147
1,014,785
176,625
212,232
217,162
Colorado
..................
123,589
121,804
159,032
169,997
171,484
138,350
144,853
144,973
20,682
25,144
26,511
Connecticut
.............
112,612
107,803
115,791
109,751
109,402
70,870
64,763
63,341
44,921
44,988
46,061
Delaware
.................
26,284
25,750
31,612
32,536
33,147
26,059
27,238
27,796
5,553
5,298
5,351
District
of
Columbia
62,126
58,945
61,549
61,018
59,213
7,294
5,950
4,559
54,255
55,068
54,654
Florida
.....................
290,647
308,315
383,385
422,287
426,721
302,579
336,863
338,401
80,806
85,424
88,320
Georgia
....................
152,369
161,952
198,549
248,265
252,183
149,115
188,954
190,261
49,434
59,311
61,922
Hawaii
......................
35,859
36,986
41,097
45,296
44,640
32,496
35,380
33,539
8,601
9,916
11,101
Idaho
.......................
33,938
32,649
41,275
47,546
48,096
31,408
37,426
38,068
9,867
10,120
10,028
Illinois
......................
432,365
450,504
493,364
491,765
494,461
353,247
343,237
344,645
140,117
148,528
149,816
Indiana
.....................
193,445
195,630
222,835
227,543
227,438
168,984
170,019
169,347
53,851
57,524
58,091
Iowa
.........................
120,083
128,492
138,565
140,002
141,829
95,772
97,699
99,754
42,793
42,303
42,075
Kansas
....................
101,147
100,807
118,969
125,896
122,882
106,570
111,405
108,616
12,399
14,491
14,266
Kentucky
..................
113,709
110,539
137,651
140,327
140,087
111,858
115,001
114,368
25,793
25,326
25,719
Louisiana
.................
132,780
148,983
154,132
166,816
166,973
129,357
142,620
142,970
24,775
24,196
24,003
Maine
.......................
34,471
37,993
42,021
41,200
40,968
29,876
27,181
27,017
12,145
14,019
13,951
Maryland
..................
149,202
148,091
169,972
176,641
175,819
141,950
145,416
144,277
28,022
31,225
31,542
Massachusetts
........
315,937
321,022
320,299
318,887
317,205
130,962
123,554
121,273
189,337
195,333
195,932
Michigan
..................
366,058
354,690
389,814
373,059
375,198
326,952
310,215
309,976
62,862
62,844
65,222
Minnesota
................
162,559
170,958
190,608
203,130
205,483
143,424
151,461
151,796
47,184
51,669
53,687
Mississippi
...............
85,621
86,846
103,957
103,067
105,273
92,269
92,945
95,835
11,688
10,122
9,438
Missouri
...................
180,156
178,090
210,104
212,551
214,329
142,953
135,607
135,671
67,151
76,944
78,658
Montana
..................
29,428
29,992
29,905
36,528
36,812
26,835
32,331
32,650
3,070
4,197
4,162
Nebraska
.................
68,505
70,778
80,989
84,278
86,525
65,739
67,248
69,692
15,250
17,030
16,833
Nevada
....................
22,467
23,093
33,814
37,991
41,255
33,392
36,997
39,926
422
994
1,329
New
Hampshire
.......
39,456
41,733
45,762
49,063
48,833
24,948
27,096
26,977
20,814
21,967
21,856
New
Jersey
.............
218,838
201,270
221,468
232,669
232,020
174,324
184,766
183,198
47,144
47,903
48,822
New
Mexico
.............
43,722
47,169
59,517
69,528
69,843
57,870
64,903
64,562
1,647
4,625
5,281
New
York
.................
760,305
763,596
798,696
805,527
800,646
446,379
440,688
432,215
352,317
364,839
368,431
North
Carolina
.........
235,266
249,901
269,025
285,708
287,887
208,321
224,055
224,816
60,704
61,653
63,071
North
Dakota
...........
30,188
32,456
33,118
35,279
35,393
30,276
31,939
31,880
2,842
3,340
3,513
Ohio
.........................
369,342
383,898
420,499
411,810
410,696
317,837
306,842
303,765
102,662
104,968
106,931
Oklahoma
................
115,701
126,691
128,203
134,176
132,558
108,933
114,592
112,806
19,270
19,584
19,752
Oregon
....................
110,649
102,247
120,176
116,584
117,555
101,424
96,311
97,036
18,752
20,273
20,519
Pennsylvania
...........
404,192
422,349
464,179
474,269
477,723
261,305
261,823
260,088
202,874
212,446
217,635
Rhode
Island
...........
50,628
53,016
60,168
56,856
55,969
28,804
26,124
25,491
31,364
30,732
30,478
South
Carolina
........
109,346
109,303
127,225
132,353
133,755
101,918
109,459
110,194
25,307
22,894
23,561
South
Dakota
..........
27,873
26,988
28,256
30,555
29,521
22,128
24,925
23,951
6,128
5,630
5,570
Tennessee
...............
161,058
152,967
175,961
190,706
192,564
130,184
142,785
144,172
45,777
47,921
48,392
Texas
.......................
527,724
566,736
637,742
671,478
675,896
553,436
574,438
577,777
84,306
97,040
98,119
Utah
.........................
78,199
84,095
94,012
116,368
117,006
63,495
82,052
82,358
30,517
34,316
34,648
Vermont
...................
25,572
25,649
29,072
28,079
28,217
16,048
15,600
15,525
13,024
12,479
12,692
Virginia
....................
199,549
204,928
251,708
255,712
256,092
202,285
204,704
205,212
49,423
51,008
50,880
Washington
.............
194,440
171,668
189,521
214,050
218,785
160,889
181,243
184,642
28,632
32,807
34,143
West
Virginia
...........
60,394
58,438
68,235
69,831
69,622
59,229
59,951
59,925
9,006
9,880
9,697
Wisconsin
................
206,790
211,749
229,975
223,938
224,066
192,107
180,713
180,768
37,868
43,225
43,298
Wyoming
.................
14,725
17,037
21,888
21,938
22,130
21,185
21,182
21,319
703
756
811
U.
S.
Service
Schools
................
49,736
54,221
48,281
42,146
40,400
48,281
42,146
40,400
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
....
117,637
145,530
140,954
155,364
154,998
55,908
65,757
69,074
85,046
89,607
85,924
American
Samoa
.....
824
497
952
988
999
952
988
999
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
...........
 
 
549
1,076
1,098
549
1,076
1,098
 
 
 
Guam
.......................
2,115
3,049
2,956
3,819
3,522
2,956
3,819
3,522
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
......
 
 
 
249
300
 
249
300
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
..
 
183
376
625
693
376
625
693
 
 
 
Palau
.......................
 
 
423
296
281
423
296
281
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
.............
113,285
139,627
134,193
146,258
146,152
49,147
56,651
60,228
85,046
89,607
85,924
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
.................
195
680
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
.........
1,218
1,494
1,505
2,053
1,953
1,505
2,053
1,953
 
 
 
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
225
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
203.
 
Residence
and
migration
of
all
freshmen
students1
in
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
Fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Students
enrolled
in
institutions
located
in
the
jurisdiction
2
Student
residents
of
state
Ratio
of
students
remaining
to
 
Migration
of
students
Attending
college
in
any
jurisdiction
3
Attending
college
in
home
jurisdiction
4
Students
enrolled
(
col.
4
/
col.
2)
Student
residents
(
col.
4
/
col.
3)
Out
of
(
col.
3
 
col.
4)
Into
(
col.
2
 
col.
4)
Net
(
col.
8
 
col.
7)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
..............................
2,188,131
2,151,310
1,808,647
0.83
0.84
342,663
379,484
5
36,821
Alabama
...........................................
36,881
33,053
30,178
0.82
0.91
2,875
6,703
3,828
Alaska
...............................................
1,946
3,387
1,682
0.86
0.50
1,705
264
 
1,441
Arizona
.............................................
34,421
29,933
27,187
0.79
0.91
2,746
7,234
4,488
Arkansas
...........................................
18,388
17,838
15,659
0.85
0.88
2,179
2,729
550
California
..........................................
277,399
277,373
259,696
0.94
0.94
17,677
17,703
26
Colorado
...........................................
31,816
29,815
24,560
0.77
0.82
5,255
7,256
2,001
Connecticut
.......................................
21,169
25,336
14,088
0.67
0.56
11,248
7,081
 
4,167
Delaware
..........................................
7,854
6,224
4,667
0.59
0.75
1,557
3,187
1,630
District
of
Columbia
..........................
8,645
2,898
1,298
0.15
0.45
1,600
7,347
5,747
Florida
...............................................
72,465
68,530
58,096
0.80
0.85
10,434
14,369
3,935
Georgia
.............................................
53,393
50,602
43,575
0.82
0.86
7,027
9,818
2,791
Hawaii
...............................................
9,519
9,936
7,611
0.80
0.77
2,325
1,908
 
417
Idaho
.................................................
10,664
10,393
8,052
0.76
0.77
2,341
2,612
271
Illinois
................................................
106,362
115,198
97,158
0.91
0.84
18,040
9,204
 
8,836
Indiana
..............................................
51,108
45,746
40,309
0.79
0.88
5,437
10,799
5,362
Iowa
..................................................
39,449
34,939
31,469
0.80
0.90
3,470
7,980
4,510
Kansas
..............................................
27,581
26,049
23,443
0.85
0.90
2,606
4,138
1,532
Kentucky
...........................................
28,546
27,554
24,043
0.84
0.87
3,511
4,503
992
Louisiana
..........................................
31,710
30,869
26,884
0.85
0.87
3,985
4,826
841
Maine
................................................
8,349
9,682
5,935
0.71
0.61
3,747
2,414
 
1,333
Maryland
...........................................
33,198
37,453
26,115
0.79
0.70
11,338
7,083
 
4,255
Massachusetts
..................................
62,356
53,067
39,240
0.63
0.74
13,827
23,116
9,289
Michigan
...........................................
76,216
75,980
68,959
0.90
0.91
7,021
7,257
236
Minnesota
.........................................
51,137
50,751
41,458
0.81
0.82
9,293
9,679
386
Mississippi
........................................
27,669
25,615
23,828
0.86
0.93
1,787
3,841
2,054
Missouri
............................................
38,484
36,102
30,174
0.78
0.84
5,928
8,310
2,382
Montana
............................................
7,872
8,259
6,227
0.79
0.75
2,032
1,645
 
387
Nebraska
..........................................
17,136
16,600
14,051
0.82
0.85
2,549
3,085
536
Nevada
.............................................
7,254
6,891
5,040
0.69
0.73
1,851
2,214
363
New
Hampshire
................................
10,872
9,199
5,301
0.49
0.58
3,898
5,571
1,673
New
Jersey
.......................................
45,899
65,904
41,465
0.90
0.63
24,439
4,434
 
20,005
New
Mexico
......................................
12,464
12,997
10,209
0.82
0.79
2,788
2,255
 
533
New
York
..........................................
151,388
154,632
127,503
0.84
0.82
27,129
23,885
 
3,244
North
Carolina
..................................
53,751
45,918
42,056
0.78
0.92
3,862
11,695
7,833
North
Dakota
....................................
8,495
7,358
5,711
0.67
0.78
1,647
2,784
1,137
Ohio
..................................................
90,806
88,056
77,345
0.85
0.88
10,711
13,461
2,750
Oklahoma
.........................................
28,654
27,847
25,068
0.87
0.90
2,779
3,586
807
Oregon
..............................................
22,126
21,101
17,308
0.78
0.82
3,793
4,818
1,025
Pennsylvania
....................................
102,447
94,108
78,863
0.77
0.84
15,245
23,584
8,339
Rhode
Island
....................................
12,643
8,203
5,514
0.44
0.67
2,689
7,129
4,440
South
Carolina
..................................
30,719
27,991
24,795
0.81
0.89
3,196
5,924
2,728
South
Dakota
....................................
5,769
6,004
4,196
0.73
0.70
1,808
1,573
 
235
Tennessee
........................................
36,516
33,853
28,805
0.79
0.85
5,048
7,711
2,663
Texas
................................................
137,610
137,449
126,346
0.92
0.92
11,103
11,264
161
Utah
..................................................
25,732
19,681
18,408
0.72
0.94
1,273
7,324
6,051
Vermont
............................................
6,551
4,632
2,597
0.40
0.56
2,035
3,954
1,919
Virginia
..............................................
46,961
42,418
34,023
0.72
0.80
8,395
12,938
4,543
Washington
.......................................
85,536
80,368
74,719
0.87
0.93
5,649
10,817
5,168
West
Virginia
....................................
15,655
14,049
11,785
0.75
0.84
2,264
3,870
1,606
Wisconsin
.........................................
50,136
49,646
42,350
0.84
0.85
7,296
7,786
490
Wyoming
...........................................
4,458
4,446
3,296
0.74
0.74
1,150
1,162
12
U.
S.
Service
Schools
........................
3,956
 
302
 
 
 
302
3,654
3,956
State
unknown
6
................................
 
29,377
 
 
 
29,377
 
 
29,377
Outlying
areas
..............................
35,633
39,197
35,485
1.00
0.91
3,712
148
 
3,564
American
Samoa
..............................
 
51
 
 
 
51
0
 
51
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.......
359
2,504
359
1.00
0.14
2,145
0
 
2,145
Guam
................................................
484
608
442
0.91
0.73
166
42
 
124
Marshall
Islands
...............................
121
127
115
0.95
0.91
12
6
 
6
Northern
Marianas
............................
113
125
105
0.93
0.84
20
8
 
12
Palau
................................................
109
137
70
0.64
0.51
67
39
 
28
Puerto
Rico
.......................................
34,114
34,911
34,084
1.00
0.98
827
30
 
797
Virgin
Islands
....................................
333
734
310
0.93
0.42
424
23
 
401
Foreign
countries
..............................
 
33,257
 
 
 
33,257
 
 
33,257
1
Students
who
are
enrolled
at
the
reporting
institution
for
the
first
time.

2
All
of
the
new
students
reported
by
the
institutions
in
that
state;
i.
e.,
all
in­
migrants
and
``
remaining''
students.

3
All
students
living
in
a
particular
state
when
admitted
to
an
institution
in
any
state.
Students
may
be
enrolled
in
any
state.

4
Students
who
attend
institutions
in
their
home
state.

5
Includes
students
coming
to
U.
S.
colleges
from
foreign
countries
and
the
outlying
areas.

6
Students
are
reported
in
``
state
unknown''
when
an
institution
is
unable
to
determine
the
student's
home
state.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs
in
the
1996
 
97
academic
year.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Residence
of
First­
Time
Students
survey,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
226
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
204.
 
Residence
and
migration
of
all
freshmen
students
1
in
degree­
granting
institutions
graduating
from
high
school
in
the
past
12
months,
by
state:
Fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Students
enrolled
in
institutions
located
in
the
jurisdiction
2
Student
residents
of
state
Ratio
of
students
remaining
to
 
Migration
of
students
Attending
college
in
any
jurisdiction
3
Attending
college
in
home
jurisdiction
4
Students
enrolled
(
col.
4/
col.
2)
Student
residents
(
col.
4/
col.
3)
Out
of
(
col.
3
 
col.
4)
Into
(
col.
2
 
col.
4)
Net
(
column
8
 
column
7)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
...............................
1,513,122
1,491,441
1,209,015
0.80
0.81
282,426
304,107
5
21,681
Alabama
...........................................
26,841
23,512
21,115
0.79
0.90
2,397
5,726
3,329
Alaska
...............................................
1,241
2,494
1,050
0.85
0.42
1,444
191
 
1,253
Arizona
.............................................
18,414
15,559
13,280
0.72
0.85
2,279
5,134
2,855
Arkansas
...........................................
14,173
13,476
11,723
0.83
0.87
1,753
2,450
697
California
..........................................
186,894
188,822
173,860
0.93
0.92
14,962
13,034
 
1,928
Colorado
...........................................
18,840
18,188
13,656
0.72
0.75
4,532
5,184
652
Connecticut
.......................................
15,754
19,577
9,202
0.58
0.47
10,375
6,552
 
3,823
Delaware
..........................................
6,333
4,719
3,356
0.53
0.71
1,363
2,977
1,614
District
of
Columbia
..........................
7,707
2,277
973
0.13
0.43
1,304
6,734
5,430
Florida
...............................................
51,221
49,999
41,265
0.81
0.83
8,734
9,956
1,222
Georgia
.............................................
35,508
34,508
28,305
0.80
0.82
6,203
7,203
1,000
Hawaii
...............................................
6,062
7,020
4,951
0.82
0.71
2,069
1,111
 
958
Idaho
.................................................
7,171
6,933
5,034
0.70
0.73
1,899
2,137
238
Illinois
................................................
68,351
76,889
60,941
0.89
0.79
15,948
7,410
 
8,538
Indiana
..............................................
40,481
35,079
30,605
0.76
0.87
4,474
9,876
5,402
Iowa
..................................................
25,222
21,852
18,828
0.75
0.86
3,024
6,394
3,370
Kansas
..............................................
18,334
16,937
14,812
0.81
0.87
2,125
3,522
1,397
Kentucky
...........................................
21,902
20,979
18,210
0.83
0.87
2,769
3,692
923
Louisiana
..........................................
25,332
24,118
20,941
0.83
0.87
3,177
4,391
1,214
Maine
................................................
6,391
7,422
4,136
0.65
0.56
3,286
2,255
 
1,031
Maryland
...........................................
23,969
27,699
17,711
0.74
0.64
9,988
6,258
 
3,730
Massachusetts
..................................
49,793
41,485
29,054
0.58
0.70
12,431
20,739
8,308
Michigan
...........................................
55,718
55,476
49,673
0.89
0.90
5,803
6,045
242
Minnesota
.........................................
27,799
29,104
21,251
0.76
0.73
7,853
6,548
 
1,305
Mississippi
........................................
18,937
17,157
15,680
0.83
0.91
1,477
3,257
1,780
Missouri
............................................
29,136
27,554
22,433
0.77
0.81
5,121
6,703
1,582
Montana
............................................
5,501
5,834
4,112
0.75
0.70
1,722
1,389
 
333
Nebraska
..........................................
12,653
12,329
10,180
0.80
0.83
2,149
2,473
324
Nevada
.............................................
3,750
4,275
2,696
0.72
0.63
1,579
1,054
 
525
New
Hampshire
................................
8,347
6,814
3,420
0.41
0.50
3,394
4,927
1,533
New
Jersey
.......................................
32,767
51,483
29,265
0.89
0.57
22,218
3,502
 
18,716
New
Mexico
......................................
8,382
9,169
6,822
0.81
0.74
2,347
1,560
 
787
New
York
..........................................
110,563
114,907
90,527
0.82
0.79
24,380
20,036
 
4,344
North
Carolina
..................................
39,722
32,303
29,259
0.74
0.91
3,044
10,463
7,419
North
Dakota
....................................
7,284
5,939
4,757
0.65
0.80
1,182
2,527
1,345
Ohio
..................................................
64,521
63,371
54,089
0.84
0.85
9,282
10,432
1,150
Oklahoma
.........................................
16,475
16,481
14,107
0.86
0.86
2,374
2,368
 
6
Oregon
..............................................
15,394
14,898
11,527
0.75
0.77
3,371
3,867
496
Pennsylvania
....................................
77,081
70,898
57,231
0.74
0.81
13,667
19,850
6,183
Rhode
Island
....................................
9,781
5,944
3,536
0.36
0.59
2,408
6,245
3,837
South
Carolina
..................................
21,789
19,357
16,656
0.76
0.86
2,701
5,133
2,432
South
Dakota
....................................
4,393
4,568
3,054
0.70
0.67
1,514
1,339
 
175
Tennessee
........................................
28,857
26,308
21,941
0.76
0.83
4,367
6,916
2,549
Texas
................................................
95,793
97,688
88,127
0.92
0.90
9,561
7,666
 
1,895
Utah
..................................................
18,328
13,657
12,612
0.69
0.92
1,045
5,716
4,671
Vermont
............................................
4,983
3,313
1,532
0.31
0.46
1,781
3,451
1,670
Virginia
..............................................
38,287
34,248
27,005
0.71
0.79
7,243
11,282
4,039
Washington
.......................................
30,060
30,551
25,819
0.86
0.85
4,732
4,241
 
491
West
Virginia
....................................
12,248
10,535
8,837
0.72
0.84
1,698
3,411
1,713
Wisconsin
.........................................
32,447
33,445
27,426
0.85
0.82
6,019
5,021
 
998
Wyoming
...........................................
3,147
3,127
2,202
0.70
0.70
925
945
20
U.
S.
Service
Schools
........................
3,045
 
231
0.08
 
 
231
2,814
3,045
State
unknown
6
................................
 
11,164
 
 
 
11,164
 
 
11,164
Outlying
areas
..............................
32,634
34,534
32,533
1.00
0.94
2,001
101
 
1,900
American
Samoa
..............................
 
37
 
 
 
37
 
 
37
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.......
320
1,078
320
1.00
0.30
758
 
 
758
Guam
................................................
309
426
285
0.92
0.67
141
24
 
117
Marshall
Islands
...............................
113
115
107
0.95
0.93
8
6
 
2
Northern
Marianas
............................
100
109
95
0.95
0.87
14
5
 
9
Palau
................................................
109
114
70
0.64
0.61
44
39
 
5
Puerto
Rico
.......................................
31,489
32,141
31,467
1.00
0.98
674
22
 
652
Virgin
Islands
....................................
194
514
189
0.97
0.37
325
5
 
320
Foreign
countries
..............................
 
19,781
 
 
 
19,781
 
 
19,781
1
Students
who
are
enrolled
at
the
reporting
institution
for
the
first
time
ever
enrolled
anywhere.
2
All
of
the
new
students
reported
by
the
institutions
in
that
state;
i.
e.,
all
in­
migrants
and
``
remaining''
students.
3
All
students
living
in
a
particular
state
when
admitted
to
an
institution
in
any
state.
Students
may
be
enrolled
in
any
state.
4
Students
who
attend
institutions
in
their
home
state.
5
Includes
students
coming
to
U.
S.
colleges
from
foreign
countries
and
the
outlying
areas.
6
Students
are
reported
in
``
state
unknown''
when
an
institution
is
unable
to
determine
the
student's
home
state.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs
in
the
1996
 
97
academic
year.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Residence
of
First­
Time
Students
survey,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
227
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
205.
 
Residence
and
migration
of
all
freshmen
students1
in
4
 
year
colleges
graduating
from
high
school
in
the
past
12
months,
by
state:
Fall
1996
State
or
other
area
Students
enrolled
in
institutions
located
in
the
jurisdiction
2
Student
residents
of
state
Ratio
of
students
remaining
to
 
Migration
of
students
Attending
college
in
any
jurisdiction
3
Attending
college
in
home
jurisdiction
4
Students
enrolled
(
col.
4
/
col.
2)
Student
residents
(
col.
4
/
col.
3)
Out
of
(
col.
3
 
col.
4)
Into
(
col.
2
 
col.
4)
Net
(
col.
8
 
col.
7)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
United
States
..............................
1,015,534
996,330
737,654
0.73
0.74
258,676
277,880
5
19,204
Alabama
...........................................
16,164
13,174
10,960
0.68
0.83
2,214
5,204
2,990
Alaska
...............................................
1,207
2,333
1,016
0.84
0.44
1,317
191
 
1,126
Arizona
.............................................
11,614
9,055
6,979
0.60
0.77
2,076
4,635
2,559
Arkansas
...........................................
10,732
9,770
8,507
0.79
0.87
1,263
2,225
962
California
..........................................
72,130
77,482
63,264
0.88
0.82
14,218
8,866
 
5,352
Colorado
...........................................
15,653
14,910
10,761
0.69
0.72
4,149
4,892
743
Connecticut
.......................................
13,024
16,772
6,644
0.51
0.40
10,128
6,380
 
3,748
Delaware
..........................................
5,145
3,551
2,239
0.44
0.63
1,312
2,906
1,594
District
of
Columbia
..........................
7,707
2,198
973
0.13
0.44
1,225
6,734
5,509
Florida
...............................................
29,148
28,947
20,721
0.71
0.72
8,226
8,427
201
Georgia
.............................................
26,849
26,094
20,329
0.76
0.78
5,765
6,520
755
Hawaii
...............................................
3,037
3,929
1,978
0.65
0.50
1,951
1,059
 
892
Idaho
.................................................
4,177
5,029
3,403
0.81
0.68
1,626
774
 
852
Illinois
................................................
38,478
46,615
31,459
0.82
0.67
15,156
7,019
 
8,137
Indiana
..............................................
35,639
30,033
26,067
0.73
0.87
3,966
9,572
5,606
Iowa
..................................................
16,157
13,355
10,499
0.65
0.79
2,856
5,658
2,802
Kansas
..............................................
11,791
11,019
9,018
0.76
0.82
2,001
2,773
772
Kentucky
...........................................
16,085
15,127
12,619
0.78
0.83
2,508
3,466
958
Louisiana
..........................................
22,654
21,110
18,300
0.81
0.87
2,810
4,354
1,544
Maine
................................................
5,489
6,435
3,288
0.60
0.51
3,147
2,201
 
946
Maryland
...........................................
14,573
18,546
8,805
0.60
0.47
9,741
5,768
 
3,973
Massachusetts
..................................
39,697
31,538
19,542
0.49
0.62
11,996
20,155
8,159
Michigan
...........................................
40,761
40,385
34,945
0.86
0.87
5,440
5,816
376
Minnesota
.........................................
19,390
21,108
13,634
0.70
0.65
7,474
5,756
 
1,718
Mississippi
........................................
8,452
6,979
5,632
0.67
0.81
1,347
2,820
1,473
Missouri
............................................
22,791
21,253
16,684
0.73
0.79
4,569
6,107
1,538
Montana
............................................
4,734
4,706
3,370
0.71
0.72
1,336
1,364
28
Nebraska
..........................................
9,847
9,405
7,524
0.76
0.80
1,881
2,323
442
Nevada
.............................................
2,822
3,281
1,994
0.71
0.61
1,287
828
 
459
New
Hampshire
................................
7,120
5,661
2,527
0.35
0.45
3,134
4,593
1,459
New
Jersey
.......................................
19,259
38,080
16,286
0.85
0.43
21,794
2,973
 
18,821
New
Mexico
......................................
4,356
5,431
3,362
0.77
0.62
2,069
994
 
1,075
New
York
..........................................
78,835
83,484
59,748
0.76
0.72
23,736
19,087
 
4,649
North
Carolina
..................................
32,526
25,111
22,309
0.69
0.89
2,802
10,217
7,415
North
Dakota
....................................
4,865
3,788
2,784
0.57
0.73
1,004
2,081
1,077
Ohio
..................................................
49,413
48,326
39,542
0.80
0.82
8,784
9,871
1,087
Oklahoma
.........................................
10,571
10,509
8,551
0.81
0.81
1,958
2,020
62
Oregon
..............................................
9,698
9,420
6,301
0.65
0.67
3,119
3,397
278
Pennsylvania
....................................
62,583
57,256
44,230
0.71
0.77
13,026
18,353
5,327
Rhode
Island
....................................
8,291
4,458
2,160
0.26
0.48
2,298
6,131
3,833
South
Carolina
..................................
16,152
13,732
11,185
0.69
0.81
2,547
4,967
2,420
South
Dakota
....................................
4,360
4,259
3,024
0.69
0.71
1,235
1,336
101
Tennessee
........................................
21,110
18,475
14,414
0.68
0.78
4,061
6,696
2,635
Texas
................................................
57,103
60,083
51,040
0.89
0.85
9,043
6,063
 
2,980
Utah
..................................................
13,342
8,696
8,069
0.60
0.93
627
5,273
4,646
Vermont
............................................
4,897
3,105
1,465
0.30
0.47
1,640
3,432
1,792
Virginia
..............................................
30,941
26,928
20,002
0.65
0.74
6,926
10,939
4,013
Washington
.......................................
14,268
15,107
10,883
0.76
0.72
4,224
3,385
 
839
West
Virginia
....................................
11,188
9,370
7,951
0.71
0.85
1,419
3,237
1,818
Wisconsin
.........................................
24,516
25,136
19,695
0.80
0.78
5,441
4,821
 
620
Wyoming
...........................................
1,148
1,532
741
0.65
0.48
791
407
 
384
U.
S.
Service
schools
........................
3,045
0
231
 
 
 
231
2,814
3,045
State
unknown
6
................................
0
4,244
0
 
 
4,244
 
 
4,244
Outlying
areas
..............................
28,358
29,614
28,308
1.00
0.96
1,306
50
 
1,256
American
Samoa
..............................
 
36
 
 
 
36
 
 
36
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.......
 
165
 
 
 
165
 
 
165
Guam
................................................
306
406
283
 
 
123
23
 
100
Marshall
Islands
...............................
 
4
 
 
 
4
 
 
4
Northern
Marianas
............................
 
11
 
 
 
11
 
 
11
Palau
................................................
 
39
 
 
 
39
 
 
39
Puerto
Rico
.......................................
27,858
28,448
27,836
1.00
0.98
612
22
 
590
Virgin
Islands
....................................
194
505
189
0.97
0.37
316
5
 
311
Foreign
countries
..............................
 
17,948
 
 
 
17,948
 
 
17,948
1
Students
who
are
enrolled
at
the
reporting
institution
for
the
first
time.
2
All
of
the
new
students
reported
by
the
institutions
in
that
state;
i.
e.,
all
in­
migrants
and
``
remaining''
students.
3
All
students
living
in
a
particular
state
when
first
admitted
to
an
institution
in
any
state.
Students
may
be
enrolled
in
any
state.
4
Students
who
attend
institutions
in
their
home
state.
5
Includes
students
coming
to
U.
S.
colleges
from
foreign
countries
and
the
outlying
areas.
6
Students
are
reported
in
``
state
unknown''
when
an
institution
is
unable
to
determine
the
student's
home
state.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs
in
the
1996
 
97
academic
year.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Residence
of
First­
Time
Students
survey,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
228
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
206.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1976
to
1996
Type
and
control
of
institution
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student
Institutions
of
higher
education,
in
thousands,
1996
3
Degreegranting
institutions
in
thousands
1996
3
Percentage
distribution
by
type
and
control
1
1976
1980
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
2
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree
granting
institutions
1996
3
1976
1980
1990
1994
1995
1996
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
All
students
Total
.......................................................
10,985.6
12,086.8
13,818.6
14,304.8
14,278.8
14,261.8
14,300.3
14,367.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
9,076.1
9,833.0
10,722.5
10,600.0
10,427.0
10,311.2
10,226.0
10,263.9
84.3
83.5
79.9
75.4
74.7
73.9
73.8
Total
minority
.............................................
1,690.8
1,948.8
2,704.7
3,247.7
3,395.9
3,496.2
3,609.3
3,637.4
15.7
16.5
20.1
24.6
25.3
26.1
26.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
1,033.0
1,106.8
1,247.0
1,412.8
1,448.6
1,473.7
1,499.4
1,505.6
9.6
9.4
9.3
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.8
Hispanic
..................................................
383.8
471.7
782.4
988.8
1,045.6
1,093.8
1,152.2
1,166.1
3.6
4.0
5.8
7.6
7.9
8.3
8.4
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
197.9
286.4
572.4
724.4
774.3
797.4
823.6
828.2
1.8
2.4
4.3
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.0
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
76.1
83.9
102.8
121.7
127.4
131.3
134.0
137.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
218.7
305.0
391.5
457.1
455.9
454.4
464.9
466.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public
Total
.......................................................
8,641.0
9,456.4
10,844.7
11,189.1
11,133.7
11,092.4
11,090.2
11,120.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
7,094.5
7,656.1
8,385.4
8,226.6
8,056.4
7,945.4
7,848.3
7,871.9
83.5
82.7
79.2
75.6
74.4
73.6
72.8
Total
minority
.............................................
1,401.2
1,596.2
2,199.2
2,658.1
2,776.1
2,849.5
2,938.2
2,944.8
16.5
17.3
20.8
24.4
25.6
26.4
27.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
831.2
876.1
976.4
1,114.3
1,144.5
1,160.6
1,177.3
1,177.4
9.8
9.5
9.2
10.2
10.6
10.8
10.9
Hispanic
..................................................
336.8
406.2
671.4
851.3
898.7
937.1
987.6
990.7
4.0
4.4
6.3
7.8
8.3
8.7
9.2
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
165.7
239.7
461.0
586.2
622.1
638.0
657.1
657.9
2.0
2.6
4.4
5.4
5.7
5.9
6.1
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
67.5
74.2
90.4
106.4
110.8
113.8
116.3
118.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
145.3
204.2
260.0
304.4
301.3
297.5
303.7
303.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
Total
.......................................................
2,344.6
2,630.4
2,973.9
3,115.7
3,145.1
3,169.4
3,210.1
3,247.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
1,981.6
2,176.9
2,337.0
2,373.5
2,370.6
2,365.9
2,377.7
2,392.0
87.3
86.1
82.2
80.1
79.3
78.5
78.0
Total
minority
.............................................
289.6
352.7
505.5
589.5
619.8
646.6
671.1
692.6
12.7
13.9
17.8
19.9
20.7
21.5
22.0
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
201.8
230.7
270.6
298.5
304.1
313.0
322.2
328.1
8.9
9.1
9.5
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.6
Hispanic
..................................................
47.0
65.6
111.0
137.5
146.9
156.8
164.7
175.4
2.1
2.6
3.9
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.4
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
32.2
46.7
111.5
138.2
152.2
159.4
166.5
170.3
1.4
1.8
3.9
4.7
5.1
5.3
5.5
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
8.6
9.7
12.4
15.3
16.6
17.5
17.7
18.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
73.4
100.8
131.4
152.7
154.7
156.9
161.3
162.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4­
year
Total
.......................................................
7,106.5
7,565.4
8,578.6
8,738.9
8,749.1
8,769.3
8,802.8
8,804.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
5,999.0
6,274.5
6,768.1
6,639.5
6,565.3
6,517.2
6,483.2
6,483.1
86.6
85.7
82.0
78.3
77.6
76.9
76.9
Total
minority
.............................................
931.0
1,049.9
1,486.1
1,733.6
1,819.2
1,885.8
1,946.2
1,946.8
13.4
14.3
18.0
21.7
22.4
23.1
23.1
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
603.7
634.3
722.8
813.7
833.6
852.2
870.2
869.6
8.7
8.7
8.8
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.3
Hispanic
..................................................
173.6
216.6
358.2
432.0
462.7
485.5
508.1
508.8
2.5
3.0
4.3
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.0
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
118.7
162.1
357.2
429.4
461.8
482.4
500.7
501.1
1.7
2.2
4.3
5.5
5.7
5.9
5.9
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
35.0
36.9
47.9
58.5
61.2
65.7
67.2
67.3
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
176.5
240.9
324.3
365.9
364.5
366.2
373.5
374.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public
......................................................
4,892.9
5,127.6
5,848.2
5,851.8
5,825.2
5,814.5
5,806.9
5,806.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
4,120.2
4,243.0
4,605.6
4,432.9
4,355.0
4,303.3
4,259.6
4,258.7
86.1
85.1
81.5
77.6
76.8
76.2
76.2
Total
minority
......................................
666.7
740.8
1,046.2
1,202.1
1,256.7
1,299.3
1,332.3
1,332.3
13.9
14.9
18.5
22.4
23.2
23.8
23.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
421.8
438.2
495.1
548.2
561.4
572.5
580.0
580.1
8.8
8.8
8.8
10.0
10.2
10.4
10.4
Hispanic
..........................................
129.3
156.4
262.5
311.5
332.6
346.8
359.8
359.8
2.7
3.1
4.6
5.9
6.2
6.4
6.4
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
87.5
117.2
250.6
296.6
315.3
329.3
340.5
340.5
1.8
2.4
4.4
5.6
5.9
6.1
6.1
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
28.2
29.0
38.0
45.9
47.5
50.8
52.0
52.0
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
Nonresident
alien
................................
106.0
143.8
196.4
216.7
213.4
211.9
215.0
215.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
....................................................
2,213.6
2,437.8
2,730.3
2,887.2
2,923.9
2,954.7
2,995.9
2,998.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
1,878.8
2,031.5
2,162.5
2,206.6
2,210.3
2,213.9
2,223.6
2,224.4
87.7
86.8
83.1
79.7
79.1
78.4
78.4
Total
minority
......................................
264.3
309.2
439.8
531.5
562.5
586.5
613.9
614.5
12.3
13.2
16.9
20.3
20.9
21.6
21.6
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
182.0
196.1
227.7
265.6
272.2
279.7
290.2
289.5
8.5
8.4
8.7
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.2
Hispanic
..........................................
44.3
60.2
95.7
120.4
130.1
138.7
148.3
149.0
2.1
2.6
3.7
4.7
5.0
5.2
5.2
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
31.2
44.9
106.6
132.8
146.5
153.2
160.2
160.7
1.5
1.9
4.1
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
6.8
7.9
9.9
12.6
13.6
14.9
15.2
15.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Nonresident
alien
................................
70.5
97.1
127.9
149.1
151.1
154.3
158.4
159.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2­
year
Total
.......................................................
3,879.1
4,521.4
5,240.1
5,565.9
5,529.7
5,492.5
5,497.4
5,563.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
3,077.1
3,558.5
3,954.3
3,960.6
3,861.7
3,794.0
3,742.8
3,780.8
80.2
79.8
76.4
71.0
70.2
69.2
69.1
Total
minority
.............................................
759.8
898.9
1,218.6
1,514.1
1,576.6
1,610.4
1,663.1
1,690.6
19.8
20.2
23.6
29.0
29.8
30.8
30.9
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
429.3
472.5
524.3
599.0
615.0
621.5
629.3
636.0
11.2
10.6
10.1
11.3
11.5
11.6
11.6
Hispanic
..................................................
210.2
255.1
424.2
556.8
582.9
608.4
644.2
657.3
5.5
5.7
8.2
10.7
11.3
11.9
12.0
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
79.2
124.3
215.2
295.0
312.5
314.9
322.9
327.0
2.1
2.8
4.2
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.0
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
41.2
47.0
54.9
63.2
66.2
65.6
66.7
70.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
42.2
64.1
67.1
91.2
91.4
88.1
91.5
92.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public
......................................................
3,748.1
4,328.8
4,996.5
5,337.3
5,308.5
5,277.8
5,283.3
5,314.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
2,974.3
3,413.1
3,779.8
3,793.7
3,701.3
3,642.1
3,588.7
3,613.2
80.2
80.0
76.6
70.9
70.1
69.1
69.1
Total
minority
......................................
734.5
855.4
1,153.0
1,456.0
1,519.3
1,550.2
1,606.0
1,612.5
19.8
20.0
23.4
29.1
29.9
30.9
30.9
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
409.5
437.9
481.4
566.1
583.2
588.2
597.3
597.4
11.0
10.3
9.8
11.2
11.3
11.5
11.4
Hispanic
..........................................
207.5
249.8
408.9
539.8
566.1
590.3
627.8
631.0
5.6
5.9
8.3
10.8
11.4
12.1
12.1
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
78.2
122.5
210.3
289.7
306.8
308.7
316.7
317.5
2.1
2.9
4.3
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.1
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
39.3
45.2
52.4
60.5
63.2
63.0
64.3
66.7
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
Nonresident
alien
................................
39.2
60.3
63.6
87.6
87.8
85.6
88.6
88.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private
....................................................
131.0
192.6
243.6
228.5
221.2
214.7
214.2
248.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
102.8
145.4
174.5
166.9
160.3
152.0
154.2
167.6
80.3
77.0
72.7
73.7
71.6
73.0
68.2
Total
minority
......................................
25.3
43.5
65.6
58.1
57.3
60.2
57.2
78.1
19.7
23.0
27.3
26.3
28.4
27.0
31.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
19.8
34.6
42.9
32.9
31.9
33.3
32.0
38.6
15.5
18.3
17.9
14.6
15.7
15.1
15.7
Hispanic
..........................................
2.6
5.3
15.3
17.1
16.7
18.1
16.4
26.4
2.1
2.8
6.4
7.7
8.5
7.7
10.7
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
0.9
1.8
4.9
5.4
5.7
6.2
6.3
9.6
0.7
1.0
2.0
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.9
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
1.8
1.8
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.6
2.5
3.5
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.4
Nonresident
alien
................................
3.0
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.6
2.6
2.8
3.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Distribution
for
U.
S.
citizens
only.
2
Preliminary
data.
3
Preliminary
data
are
for
4
 
year
and
2
 
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
underreporting
and
nonreporting
of
racial/
ethnic
data,
some
figures
are
slightly
lower
than
corresponding
data
in
other
tables.
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification,
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
229
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
207.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level
of
study,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1976
to
1996
Level
of
study,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student
Institutions
of
higher
education,
in
thousands
Degreegranting
institutions
in
thousands
1996
3
Percentage
distribution
by
type
and
control
1
1976
1980
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
2
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree
granting
institutions
1996
3
1976
1980
1990
1994
1995
1996
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
All
students
Total
.......................................................
10,985.6
12,086.8
13,818.6
14,304.8
14,278.8
14,261.8
14,300.3
14,367.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
9,076.1
9,833.0
10,722.5
10,600.0
10,427.0
10,311.2
10,226.0
10,263.9
84.3
83.5
79.9
75.4
74.7
73.9
73.8
Total
minority
.............................................
1,690.8
1,948.8
2,704.7
3,247.7
3,395.9
3,496.2
3,609.3
3,637.4
15.7
16.5
20.1
24.6
25.3
26.1
26.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
1,033.0
1,106.8
1,247.0
1,412.8
1,448.6
1,473.7
1,499.4
1,505.6
9.6
9.4
9.3
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.8
Hispanic
..................................................
383.8
471.7
782.4
988.8
1,045.6
1,093.8
1,152.2
1,166.1
3.6
4.0
5.8
7.6
7.9
8.3
8.4
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
197.9
286.4
572.4
724.4
774.3
797.4
823.6
828.2
1.8
2.4
4.3
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.0
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
76.1
83.9
102.8
121.7
127.4
131.3
134.0
137.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
218.7
305.0
391.5
457.1
455.9
454.4
464.9
466.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
........................................................
5,794.4
5,868.1
6,283.9
6,427.5
6,371.9
6,342.5
6,344.0
6,352.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
4,813.7
4,772.9
4,861.0
4,755.0
4,650.7
4,594.1
4,553.0
4,552.2
85.3
84.4
80.5
76.2
75.6
74.9
74.8
Total
minority
......................................
826.6
884.4
1,176.6
1,399.1
1,451.7
1,484.2
1,524.3
1,533.4
14.7
15.6
19.5
23.8
24.4
25.1
25.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
469.9
463.7
484.7
543.7
549.7
555.9
563.6
564.1
8.3
8.2
8.0
9.0
9.1
9.3
9.3
Hispanic
..........................................
209.7
231.6
353.9
441.2
464.0
480.2
501.3
506.6
3.7
4.1
5.9
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.3
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
108.4
151.3
294.9
363.1
385.0
393.3
403.6
405.5
1.9
2.7
4.9
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.7
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
38.5
37.8
43.1
51.2
53.0
54.8
55.7
57.2
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Nonresident
alien
................................
154.1
210.8
246.3
273.4
269.5
264.3
266.7
267.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Women
...................................................
5,191.2
6,218.7
7,534.7
7,877.4
7,906.9
7,919.2
7,956.3
8,014.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
4,262.4
5,060.1
5,861.5
5,845.1
5,776.3
5,717.2
5,673.1
5,711.7
83.1
82.6
79.3
74.8
74.0
73.1
73.1
Total
minority
......................................
864.2
1,064.4
1,528.1
1,848.6
1,944.2
2,012.0
2,085.0
2,104.0
16.9
17.4
20.7
25.2
26.0
26.9
26.9
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
563.1
643.0
762.3
869.1
898.9
917.8
935.8
941.4
11.0
10.5
10.3
11.6
11.9
12.1
12.0
Hispanic
..........................................
174.1
240.1
428.5
547.6
581.6
613.7
650.9
659.5
3.4
3.9
5.8
7.5
7.9
8.4
8.4
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
89.4
135.2
277.5
361.3
389.3
404.1
420.0
422.6
1.7
2.2
3.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.4
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
37.6
46.1
59.7
70.5
74.4
76.5
78.2
80.4
0.7
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Nonresident
alien
................................
64.6
94.2
145.2
183.7
186.4
190.1
198.2
199.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Undergraduate
Total
.......................................................
9,419.0
10,469.1
11,959.1
12,324.0
12,262.6
12,231.7
12,259.4
12,326.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
7,740.5
8,480.7
9,272.6
9,100.4
8,916.0
8,805.6
8,730.9
8,769.5
83.4
82.7
79.0
74.3
73.6
72.8
72.8
Total
minority
.............................................
1,535.3
1,778.5
2,467.7
2,955.4
3,077.2
3,158.5
3,254.4
3,282.1
16.6
17.3
21.0
25.7
26.4
27.2
27.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
943.4
1,018.8
1,147.2
1,290.4
1,317.3
1,333.6
1,352.6
1,358.6
10.2
9.9
9.8
11.0
11.1
11.3
11.3
Hispanic
..................................................
352.9
433.1
724.6
918.1
968.3
1,012.0
1,065.6
1,079.4
3.8
4.2
6.2
8.1
8.5
8.9
9.0
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
169.3
248.7
500.5
634.2
674.1
692.2
713.2
717.6
1.8
2.4
4.3
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.0
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
69.7
77.9
95.5
112.7
117.4
120.7
122.9
126.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
143.2
209.9
218.7
268.2
269.4
267.6
274.1
275.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
........................................................
4,896.8
4,997.4
5,379.8
5,483.7
5,422.1
5,401.1
5,411.1
5,420.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
4,052.2
4,054.9
4,184.4
4,067.0
3,963.1
3,918.1
3,890.7
3,890.8
84.4
83.5
79.6
75.1
74.5
73.9
73.8
Total
minority
......................................
748.2
802.7
1,069.3
1,270.1
1,312.4
1,339.3
1,375.0
1,384.1
15.6
16.5
20.4
24.9
25.5
26.1
26.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
430.7
428.2
448.0
499.6
502.9
506.8
513.1
513.6
9.0
8.8
8.5
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.7
Hispanic
..........................................
191.7
211.2
326.9
409.2
429.4
444.2
464.0
469.2
4.0
4.3
6.2
8.1
8.4
8.8
8.9
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
91.1
128.5
254.5
314.1
331.4
338.1
346.9
348.8
1.9
2.6
4.8
6.3
6.4
6.6
6.6
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
34.8
34.8
39.9
47.2
48.6
50.2
51.0
52.4
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Nonresident
alien
................................
96.4
139.8
126.1
146.6
146.6
143.8
145.3
145.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Women
...................................................
4,522.1
5,471.7
6,579.3
6,840.3
6,840.5
6,830.6
6,848.4
6,906.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
3,688.3
4,425.8
5,088.2
5,033.4
4,953.0
4,887.5
4,840.2
4,878.7
82.4
81.9
78.4
73.7
72.9
72.0
72.0
Total
minority
......................................
787.0
975.8
1,398.5
1,685.2
1,764.8
1,819.2
1,879.3
1,898.1
17.6
18.1
21.6
26.3
27.1
28.0
28.0
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
512.7
590.6
699.2
790.8
814.4
826.9
839.5
845.0
11.5
10.9
10.8
12.1
12.3
12.5
12.5
Hispanic
..........................................
161.2
221.8
397.6
508.9
538.9
567.8
601.6
610.1
3.6
4.1
6.1
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.0
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
78.2
120.2
246.0
320.0
342.7
354.1
366.3
368.8
1.7
2.2
3.8
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.4
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
34.9
43.1
55.5
65.5
68.8
70.5
71.9
74.1
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
Nonresident
alien
................................
46.8
70.1
92.6
121.7
122.8
123.8
128.8
129.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graduate
Total
.......................................................
1,322.5
1,340.9
1,586.2
1,688.4
1,721.5
1,732.5
1,743.1
1,742.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
1,115.6
1,104.7
1228.4
1,273.8
1,286.8
1,282.3
1,273.9
1,272.6
89.2
88.5
86.6
83.5
82.6
81.7
81.6
Total
minority
.............................................
134.5
144.0
190.5
232.7
255.2
270.7
286.0
286.3
10.8
11.5
13.4
16.5
17.4
18.3
18.4
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
78.5
75.1
83.9
102.2
110.6
118.6
125.5
125.5
6.3
6.0
5.9
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.0
Hispanic
..................................................
26.4
32.1
47.2
57.9
63.9
68.0
72.7
72.8
2.1
2.6
3.3
4.1
4.4
4.7
4.7
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
24.5
31.6
53.2
65.2
72.6
75.6
79.0
79.1
2.0
2.5
3.8
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.1
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
5.1
5.2
6.2
7.3
8.1
8.5
8.9
8.9
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
72.4
92.2
167.3
182.0
179.5
179.5
183.2
183.3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
........................................................
707.9
672.2
737.4
771.0
775.8
767.5
760.5
759.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
589.1
538.5
538.8
550.9
551.4
541.6
530.2
529.0
90.2
89.2
86.8
83.8
83.1
82.3
82.3
Total
minority
......................................
63.7
65.0
82.1
98.1
106.3
110.4
113.9
114.0
9.8
10.8
13.2
16.2
16.9
17.7
17.7
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
32.0
28.2
29.3
35.3
37.7
39.8
41.2
41.2
4.9
4.7
4.7
5.7
6.1
6.4
6.4
Hispanic
..........................................
14.6
15.7
20.6
24.8
27.0
28.2
29.5
29.6
2.2
2.6
3.3
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.6
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
14.4
18.6
29.7
35.1
38.3
39.0
39.7
39.7
2.2
3.1
4.8
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.2
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
2.7
2.5
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
Nonresident
alien
................................
55.1
68.7
116.4
122.0
118.1
115.6
116.3
116.4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Women
...................................................
614.6
668.7
848.8
917.4
945.6
965.0
982.6
982.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
526.5
566.2
689.5
722.9
735.4
740.7
743.7
743.6
88.1
87.8
86.4
83.2
82.2
81.2
81.2
Total
minority
......................................
70.8
79.0
108.3
134.6
148.9
160.3
172.1
172.3
11.9
12.2
13.6
16.8
17.8
18.8
18.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
46.5
46.9
54.6
66.9
72.9
78.8
84.3
84.3
7.8
7.3
6.8
8.2
8.7
9.2
9.2
Hispanic
..........................................
11.8
16.4
26.6
33.1
36.9
39.9
43.1
43.2
2.0
2.5
3.3
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.7
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
10.1
13.0
23.6
30.2
34.3
36.6
39.3
39.4
1.7
2.0
3.0
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.3
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
2.4
2.7
3.6
4.3
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
Nonresident
alien
................................
17.3
23.5
50.9
59.9
61.4
63.9
66.9
66.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
230
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
207.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level
of
study,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1976
to
1996
 
Continued
Level
of
study,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student
Institutions
of
higher
education,
in
thousands
Degreegranting
institutions
in
thousands
1996
3
Percentage
distribution
by
type
and
control
1
1976
1980
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
2
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree
granting
institutions
1996
3
1976
1980
1990
1994
1995
1996
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
First­
professional
Total
.......................................................
244.1
276.8
273.4
292.4
294.7
297.6
297.7
298.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................................
220.0
247.7
221.5
225.9
224.2
223.3
221.2
221.7
91.3
90.4
82.6
77.9
76.9
76.2
76.3
Total
minority
.............................................
21.1
26.3
46.5
59.6
63.5
67.0
68.9
69.0
8.7
9.6
17.4
22.1
23.1
23.8
23.7
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................
11.2
12.8
15.9
20.2
20.7
21.4
21.4
21.5
4.6
4.7
5.9
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.4
Hispanic
..................................................
4.5
6.5
10.7
12.8
13.4
13.8
14.0
13.9
1.9
2.4
4.0
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.8
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
........................
4.1
6.1
18.7
25.0
27.6
29.6
31.4
31.4
1.7
2.2
7.0
9.6
10.2
10.8
10.8
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
............
1.3
0.8
1.1
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.2
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
Nonresident
alien
.......................................
3.1
2.9
5.4
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.7
7.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
........................................................
189.6
198.5
166.8
172.8
174.0
173.9
172.5
172.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
172.4
179.5
137.8
137.2
136.2
134.4
132.0
132.3
92.1
91.5
84.5
80.5
79.5
78.9
78.9
Total
minority
......................................
14.7
16.7
25.3
30.9
33.0
34.6
35.3
35.4
7.9
8.5
15.5
19.5
20.5
21.1
21.1
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
7.2
7.4
7.4
8.8
9.1
9.4
9.4
9.4
3.9
3.8
4.5
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.6
Hispanic
..........................................
3.5
4.6
6.4
7.2
7.5
7.8
7.8
7.7
1.9
2.4
3.9
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
2.9
4.1
10.8
13.9
15.3
16.2
17.0
17.1
1.6
2.1
6.6
9.0
9.6
10.2
10.2
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
Nonresident
alien
................................
2.5
2.3
3.8
4.8
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Women
...................................................
54.5
78.4
106.6
119.6
120.8
123.7
125.3
125.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
...........................
47.6
68.1
83.7
88.8
88.0
88.9
89.1
89.4
88.2
87.6
79.7
74.2
73.3
72.6
72.7
Total
minority
......................................
6.4
9.6
21.3
28.8
30.5
32.4
33.6
33.6
11.8
12.4
20.3
25.8
26.7
27.4
27.3
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................
3.9
5.5
8.5
11.4
11.5
12.1
12.0
12.1
7.3
7.0
8.1
9.7
10.0
9.8
9.8
Hispanic
..........................................
1.0
1.9
4.3
5.5
5.9
6.0
6.2
6.2
1.9
2.4
4.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.0
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
.................
1.1
2.0
7.9
11.1
12.3
13.4
14.4
14.4
2.1
2.6
7.6
10.4
11.0
11.7
11.7
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
Nonresident
alien
................................
0.5
0.6
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Distribution
for
U.
S.
citizens
only.
2
Preliminary
data.
3
Preliminary
data
are
for
4
 
year
and
2
 
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
underreporting
and
nonreporting
of
racial/
ethnic
data,
some
figures
are
slightly
lower
than
corresponding
data
in
other
tables.
Trend
tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification,
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
231
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
208.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level,
attendance
status,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1995
and
1996
Level
and
enrollment
status
1996
1
Percent
minority,
fall
1995
2
Total
Enrollment,
by
sex
Enrollment,
by
race/
ethnicity
Nonresident
alien
Male
Female
White
Total,
minority
Percent
minority
2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Higher
education
institutions
All
students
..........................................
14,300,255
6,343,992
7,956,263
10,226,034
3,609,273
26.1
1,499,439
1,152,229
823,633
133,972
464,948
25.3
Undergraduate,
full­
time
and
part­
time
.....
12,259,417
5,411,058
6,848,359
8,730,928
3,254,357
27.2
1,352,578
1,065,613
713,230
122,936
274,132
26.4
Degree
seeking
......................................
10,608,815
4,684,930
5,923,885
7,528,654
2,837,897
27.4
1,202,467
914,182
616,815
104,433
242,264
26.6
First­
time
freshmen
............................
2,193,429
1,013,616
1,179,813
1,548,032
603,353
28.0
260,169
197,407
121,881
23,896
42,044
27.6
Other
first­
year
...................................
2,421,277
1,047,280
1,373,997
1,573,706
796,654
33.6
334,554
286,756
147,175
28,169
50,917
32.8
Second
year
.......................................
2,719,130
1,143,568
1,575,562
1,963,468
700,419
26.3
301,138
227,215
145,127
26,939
55,243
25.4
Third
year
...........................................
1,397,921
626,737
771,184
1,033,826
325,568
23.9
136,274
91,305
87,047
10,942
38,527
23.2
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.....................
1,728,819
792,455
936,364
1,291,028
387,162
23.1
156,849
106,641
110,368
13,304
50,629
22.1
Unclassified
by
level
..........................
148,239
61,274
86,965
118,594
24,741
17.3
13,483
4,858
5,217
1,183
4,904
17.6
Others
in
credit
courses
........................
1,650,602
726,128
924,474
1,202,274
416,460
25.7
150,111
151,431
96,415
18,503
31,868
25.0
Full­
time
..............................................
7,210,698
3,303,961
3,906,737
5,173,494
1,831,836
26.1
794,241
534,021
434,398
69,176
205,368
25.6
Degree
seeking
..............................
6,949,391
3,180,500
3,768,891
5,001,893
1,755,133
26.0
764,854
507,105
417,188
65,986
192,365
25.5
First­
time
freshmen
.....................
1,674,178
779,438
894,740
1,208,086
432,234
26.4
196,658
127,329
91,776
16,471
33,858
26.0
Other
first­
year
............................
1,151,651
526,760
624,891
751,201
366,772
32.8
169,781
117,123
65,740
14,128
33,678
32.5
Second
year
................................
1,681,757
746,251
935,506
1,226,912
410,190
25.1
177,459
118,499
97,732
16,500
44,655
24.5
Third
year
....................................
1,136,190
524,208
611,982
842,502
258,105
23.5
105,444
68,966
74,885
8,810
35,583
22.8
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.............
1,276,595
591,714
684,881
953,295
281,351
22.8
111,576
73,854
86,040
9,881
41,949
22.0
Unclassified
by
level
...................
29,020
12,129
16,891
19,897
6,481
24.6
3,936
1,334
1,015
196
2,642
25.1
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
261,307
123,461
137,846
171,601
76,703
30.9
29,387
26,916
17,210
3,190
13,003
30.6
Part­
time
.............................................
5,048,719
2,107,097
2,941,622
3,557,434
1,422,521
28.6
558,337
531,592
278,832
53,760
68,764
27.5
Degree
seeking
..............................
3,659,424
1,504,430
2,154,994
2,526,761
1,082,764
30.0
437,613
407,077
199,627
38,447
49,899
28.7
First­
time
freshmen
.....................
519,251
234,178
285,073
339,946
171,119
33.5
63,511
70,078
30,105
7,425
8,186
32.5
Other
first­
year
............................
1,269,626
520,520
749,106
822,505
429,882
34.3
164,773
169,633
81,435
14,041
17,239
33.0
Second
year
................................
1,037,373
397,317
640,056
736,556
290,229
28.3
123,679
108,716
47,395
10,439
10,588
26.8
Third
year
....................................
261,731
102,529
159,202
191,324
67,463
26.1
30,830
22,339
12,162
2,132
2,944
24.8
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.............
452,224
200,741
251,483
337,733
105,811
23.9
45,273
32,787
24,328
3,423
8,680
22.5
Unclassified
by
level
...................
119,219
49,145
70,074
98,697
18,260
15.6
9,547
3,524
4,202
987
2,262
16.1
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
1,389,295
602,667
786,628
1,030,673
339,757
24.8
120,724
124,515
79,205
15,313
18,865
23.9
Postbaccalaureate
.....................................
2,040,838
932,934
1,107,904
1,495,106
354,916
19.2
146,861
86,616
110,403
11,036
190,816
18.3
First­
professional
...................................
297,739
172,462
125,277
221,157
68,918
23.8
21,398
13,966
31,398
2,156
7,664
23.1
Full­
time
..............................................
266,812
153,983
112,829
197,155
62,500
24.1
18,369
12,628
29,560
1,943
7,157
23.4
First­
time
.........................................
77,581
44,079
33,502
56,953
18,384
24.4
5,273
4,056
8,469
586
2,244
25.0
Other
...............................................
189,231
109,904
79,327
140,202
44,116
23.9
13,096
8,572
21,091
1,357
4,913
22.7
Part­
time
.............................................
30,927
18,479
12,448
24,002
6,418
21.1
3,029
1,338
1,838
213
507
20.5
First­
time
.........................................
9,429
5,529
3,900
7,175
2,105
22.7
942
475
617
71
149
22.0
Other
...............................................
21,498
12,950
8,548
16,827
4,313
20.4
2,087
863
1,221
142
358
19.7
Graduate
students
.................................
1,743,099
760,472
982,627
1,273,949
285,998
18.3
125,463
72,650
79,005
8,880
183,152
17.4
Full­
time
..............................................
735,980
357,575
378,405
476,879
122,879
20.5
48,436
30,432
39,970
4,041
136,222
19.5
Degree
seeking
..............................
688,493
337,286
351,207
444,906
111,270
20.0
45,052
26,837
35,688
3,693
132,317
19.0
First­
time
.....................................
231,084
110,740
120,344
148,703
39,350
20.9
15,709
9,507
12,926
1,208
43,031
19.4
Other
degree
seeking
.................
457,409
226,546
230,863
296,203
71,920
19.5
29,343
17,330
22,762
2,485
89,286
18.8
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
47,487
20,289
27,198
31,973
11,609
26.6
3,384
3,595
4,282
348
3,905
25.8
Part­
time
.............................................
1,007,119
402,897
604,222
797,070
163,119
17.0
77,027
42,218
39,035
4,839
46,930
16.2
Degree
seeking
..............................
773,707
324,380
449,327
609,048
122,174
16.7
57,482
30,478
30,584
3,630
42,485
16.0
First­
time
.....................................
148,773
59,886
88,887
114,812
26,943
19.0
13,205
6,740
6,272
726
7,018
18.3
Other
degree
seeking
.................
624,934
264,494
360,440
494,236
95,231
16.2
44,277
23,738
24,312
2,904
35,467
15.4
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
233,412
78,517
154,895
188,022
40,945
17.9
19,545
11,740
8,451
1,209
4,445
16.8
Degree­
granting
institutions
3
All
students
..........................................
14,367,520
6,352,825
8,014,695
10,263,865
3,637,396
26.2
1,505,565
1,166,108
828,166
137,557
466,259
 
Undergraduate,
full­
time
and
part­
time
.....
12,326,948
5,420,672
6,906,276
8,769,531
3,282,107
27.2
1,358,601
1,079,350
717,645
126,511
275,310
 
Degree
seeking
......................................
10,720,738
4,727,637
5,993,101
7,605,537
2,871,715
27.4
1,213,324
928,646
621,760
107,985
243,486
 
First­
time
freshmen
............................
2,274,319
1,046,662
1,227,657
1,601,881
629,743
28.2
270,687
208,018
125,141
25,897
42,695
 
Other
first­
year
...................................
2,416,098
1,044,926
1,371,172
1,569,553
795,582
33.6
332,388
287,334
147,607
28,253
50,963
 
Second
year
.......................................
2,755,714
1,156,512
1,599,202
1,991,255
708,855
26.3
303,770
230,338
146,347
28,400
55,604
 
Third
year
...........................................
1,398,336
626,649
771,687
1,034,098
325,589
23.9
136,213
91,348
87,077
10,951
38,649
 
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.....................
1,729,076
792,331
936,745
1,291,245
387,116
23.1
156,719
106,693
110,400
13,304
50,715
 
Unclassified
by
level
..........................
147,195
60,557
86,638
117,505
24,830
17.4
13,547
4,915
5,188
1,180
4,860
 
Others
in
credit
courses
........................
1,606,210
693,035
913,175
1,163,994
410,392
26.1
145,277
150,704
95,885
18,526
31,824
 
Full­
time
..............................................
7,298,839
3,339,108
3,959,731
5,231,630
1,860,801
26.2
805,004
545,568
438,712
71,517
206,408
 
Degree
seeking
..............................
7,036,393
3,215,162
3,821,231
5,059,616
1,783,354
26.1
775,143
518,471
421,434
68,306
193,423
 
First­
time
freshmen
.....................
1,739,852
805,982
933,870
1,250,257
455,140
26.7
206,148
136,494
94,582
17,916
34,455
 
Other
first­
year
............................
1,150,715
526,663
624,052
750,197
366,801
32.8
168,634
117,735
66,203
14,229
33,717
 
Second
year
................................
1,703,436
754,590
948,846
1,243,092
415,390
25.0
179,420
120,024
98,683
17,263
44,954
 
Third
year
....................................
1,136,388
524,122
612,266
842,581
258,110
23.4
105,396
68,992
74,903
8,819
35,697
 
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.............
1,276,754
591,620
685,134
953,419
281,326
22.8
111,483
73,897
86,062
9,884
42,009
 
Unclassified
by
level
...................
29,248
12,185
17,063
20,070
6,587
24.7
4,062
1,329
1,001
195
2,591
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
262,446
123,946
138,500
172,014
77,447
31.0
29,861
27,097
17,278
3,211
12,985
 
232
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
208.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
level,
attendance
status,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
of
student:
1995
and
1996
 
Continued
Level
and
enrollment
status
1996
1
Percent
minority,
fall
1995
2
Total
Enrollment,
by
sex
Enrollment,
by
race/
ethnicity
Nonresident
alien
Male
Female
White
Total,
minority
Percent
minority
2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Part­
time
.............................................
5,028,109
2,081,564
2,946,545
3,537,901
1,421,306
28.7
553,597
533,782
278,933
54,994
68,902
 
Degree
seeking
..............................
3,684,345
1,512,475
2,171,870
2,545,921
1,088,361
29.9
438,181
410,175
200,326
39,679
50,063
 
First­
time
freshmen
.....................
534,467
240,680
293,787
351,624
174,603
33.2
64,539
71,524
30,559
7,981
8,240
 
Other
first­
year
............................
1,265,383
518,263
747,120
819,356
428,781
34.4
163,754
169,599
81,404
14,024
17,246
 
Second
year
................................
1,052,278
401,922
650,356
748,163
293,465
28.2
124,350
110,314
47,664
11,137
10,650
 
Third
year
....................................
261,948
102,527
159,421
191,517
67,479
26.1
30,817
22,356
12,174
2,132
2,952
 
Fourth
year
and
beyond
.............
452,322
200,711
251,611
337,826
105,790
23.8
45,236
32,796
24,338
3,420
8,706
 
Unclassified
by
level
...................
117,947
48,372
69,575
97,435
18,243
15.8
9,485
3,586
4,187
985
2,269
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
1,343,764
569,089
774,675
991,980
332,945
25.1
115,416
123,607
78,607
15,315
18,839
 
Postbaccalaureate
.....................................
2,040,572
932,153
1,108,419
1,494,334
355,289
19.2
146,964
86,758
110,521
11,046
190,949
 
First­
professional
...................................
298,312
172,742
125,570
221,688
69,001
23.7
21,477
13,939
31,425
2,160
7,623
 
Full­
time
..............................................
267,209
154,107
113,102
197,522
62,566
24.1
18,433
12,610
29,576
1,947
7,121
 
First­
time
.........................................
77,695
44,096
33,599
57,036
18,431
24.4
5,292
4,057
8,492
590
2,228
 
Other
...............................................
189,514
110,011
79,503
140,486
44,135
23.9
13,141
8,553
21,084
1,357
4,893
 
Part­
time
.............................................
31,103
18,635
12,468
24,166
6,435
21.0
3,044
1,329
1,849
213
502
 
First­
time
.........................................
9,533
5,611
3,922
7,265
2,123
22.6
964
470
618
71
145
 
Other
...............................................
21,570
13,024
8,546
16,901
4,312
20.3
2,080
859
1,231
142
357
 
Graduate
students
.................................
1,742,260
759,411
982,849
1,272,646
286,288
18.4
125,487
72,819
79,096
8,886
183,326
 
Full­
time
..............................................
736,905
357,993
378,912
476,945
123,424
20.6
48,499
30,643
40,230
4,052
136,536
 
Degree
seeking
..............................
689,883
337,782
352,101
445,357
111,856
20.1
45,135
27,056
35,960
3,705
132,670
 
First­
time
.....................................
232,330
111,445
120,885
149,124
39,910
21.1
15,803
9,735
13,156
1,216
43,296
 
Other
degree
seeking
.................
457,553
226,337
231,216
296,233
71,946
19.5
29,332
17,321
22,804
2,489
89,374
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
47,022
20,211
26,811
31,588
11,568
26.8
3,364
3,587
4,270
347
3,866
 
Part­
time
.............................................
1,005,355
401,418
603,937
795,701
162,864
17.0
76,988
42,176
38,866
4,834
46,790
 
Degree
seeking
..............................
772,760
323,543
449,217
608,268
122,072
16.7
57,471
30,464
30,509
3,628
42,420
 
First­
time
.....................................
147,614
58,927
88,687
113,867
26,803
19.1
13,188
6,721
6,175
719
6,944
 
Other
degree
seeking
.................
625,146
264,616
360,530
494,401
95,269
16.2
44,283
23,743
24,334
2,909
35,476
 
Others
in
credit
courses
.................
232,595
77,875
154,720
187,433
40,792
17.9
19,517
11,712
8,357
1,206
4,370
 
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Percentage
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
only.
3
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
233
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
209.
 
Total
number
of
institutions
and
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
percentage
minority
enrollment:
1996
1
Minority
percentage
of
U.
S.
citizen
enrollment
Degree­
granting
institutions
2
Institutions
of
higher
education
Total
enrollment
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
enrollment
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
Nonprofit
Total
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
Total
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
All
institutions
Number
of
institutions
....................
3,842
1,645
2,197
1,633
3,534
1,595
604
94
510
991
1,939
1,590
62
1,528
349
Total
enrollment
.............................
14,367,520
11,120,499
3,247,021
2,942,556
14,300,255
11,090,171
5,806,904
2,226,529
3,580,375
5,283,267
3,210,084
2,995,931
758,436
2,237,495
214,153
U.
S.
citizens
...................................
13,901,261
10,816,704
3,084,557
2,786,500
13,835,307
10,786,503
5,591,883
2,107,310
3,484,573
5,194,620
3,048,804
2,837,482
688,756
2,148,726
211,322
Minority
...........................................
3,637,396
2,944,838
692,558
592,567
3,609,273
2,938,218
1,332,254
385,711
946,543
1,605,964
671,055
613,903
173,409
440,494
57,152
90.0
percent
or
more
minority
enrollment
Number
of
institutions
...............
126
54
72
65
119
51
27
0
27
24
68
60
1
59
8
Total
enrollment
........................
335,456
254,927
80,529
74,733
331,558
253,277
134,263
0
134,263
119,014
78,281
75,080
10,248
64,832
3,201
U.
S.
citizens
..............................
326,126
248,230
77,896
72,213
322,296
246,586
131,077
0
131,077
115,509
75,710
72,565
9,230
63,335
3,145
Minority
......................................
311,153
234,916
76,237
70,900
307,549
233,325
123,598
0
123,598
109,727
74,224
71,146
9,092
62,054
3,078
75.0
to
89.9
percent
minority
enrollment
Number
of
institutions
...............
107
62
45
18
94
60
19
1
18
41
34
16
0
16
18
Total
enrollment
........................
488,998
460,936
28,062
12,017
481,587
458,599
140,579
18,243
122,336
318,020
22,988
12,641
0
12,641
10,347
U.
S.
citizens
..............................
470,459
443,183
27,276
11,588
462,804
440,862
134,116
16,700
117,416
306,746
21,942
11,806
0
11,806
10,136
Minority
......................................
385,921
362,877
23,044
9,937
379,454
360,833
110,524
12,625
97,899
250,309
18,621
10,212
0
10,212
8,409
50.0
to
74.9
percent
minority
enrollment
Number
of
institutions
...............
246
120
126
58
210
114
32
2
30
82
96
44
0
44
52
Total
enrollment
........................
1,197,816
1,074,225
123,591
82,738
1,182,427
1,074,222
433,436
65,391
368,045
640,786
108,205
85,018
0
85,018
23,187
U.
S.
citizens
..............................
1,154,525
1,034,620
119,905
79,760
1,139,156
1,034,618
414,550
61,568
352,982
620,068
104,538
81,856
0
81,856
22,682
Minority
......................................
694,904
621,310
73,594
48,900
685,879
621,402
249,022
35,567
213,455
372,380
64,477
50,149
0
50,149
14,328
25.0
to
49.9
percent
minority
enrollment
Number
of
institutions
...............
757
341
416
243
674
331
100
12
88
231
343
257
24
233
86
Total
enrollment
........................
3,442,962
2,634,608
808,354
697,903
3,415,624
2,631,482
1,105,144
345,688
759,456
1,526,338
784,142
737,160
326,898
410,262
46,982
U.
S.
citizens
..............................
3,304,936
2,560,069
744,867
637,355
3,279,085
2,556,985
1,061,769
325,616
736,153
1,495,216
722,100
675,781
291,724
384,057
46,319
Minority
......................................
1,132,602
879,263
253,339
214,251
1,123,922
878,760
356,416
106,104
250,312
522,344
245,162
229,427
96,858
132,569
15,735
10.0
to
24.9
percent
minority
enrollment
Number
of
institutions
...............
1,323
554
769
601
1,228
540
223
53
170
317
688
603
33
570
85
Total
enrollment
........................
5,774,973
4,412,930
1,362,043
1,267,839
5,790,321
4,405,394
2,639,722
1,343,594
1,296,128
1,765,672
1,384,927
1,298,966
364,945
934,021
85,961
U.
S.
citizens
..............................
5,578,543
4,286,835
1,291,708
1,199,594
5,593,975
4,279,307
2,531,223
1,268,716
1,262,507
1,748,084
1,314,668
1,229,342
334,068
895,274
85,326
Minority
......................................
926,868
710,039
216,829
201,092
928,093
708,377
409,707
201,337
208,370
298,670
219,716
206,534
63,859
142,675
13,182
Less
than
10.0
percent
minority
enrollment
Number
of
institutions
...............
1,283
514
769
648
1,209
499
203
26
177
296
710
610
4
606
100
Total
enrollment
........................
3,127,315
2,282,873
844,442
807,326
3,098,738
2,267,197
1,353,760
453,613
900,147
913,437
831,541
787,066
56,345
730,721
44,475
U.
S.
citizens
..............................
3,066,672
2,243,767
822,905
785,990
3,037,991
2,228,145
1,319,148
434,710
884,438
908,997
809,846
766,132
53,734
712,398
43,714
Minority
......................................
185,948
136,433
49,515
47,487
184,376
135,521
82,987
30,078
52,909
52,534
48,855
46,435
3,600
42,835
2,420
1
Preliminary
data.
Minority
includes
black,
Hispanic,
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander,
and
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
students.

2
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
higher
education
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

NOTE.
 
Some
institutions
do
not
report
separate
enrollment
data
for
each
branch
campus.
For
this
reason,
counts
of
institutions
in
this
table
are
somewhat
lower
than
figures
appearing
in
other
tables.
Tabulations
of
institutions
of
higher
education
data
are
based
on
institutions
that
were
accredited
by
an
agency
or
association
that
was
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
The
Department
of
Education
no
longer
distinguishes
between
those
institutions
and
other
institutions
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
programs.
The
new
degree­
granting
classification
is
very
similar
to
the
earlier
higher
education
classification,
except
that
it
includes
some
additional
institutions,
primarily
2­
year
colleges,
and
excludes
a
few
higher
education
institutions
that
did
not
award
degrees.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)
234
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
210.
 
Total
fall
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity
of
student
and
by
state:
1992
to
1996
State
or
other
area
1996
1
Percent
minority
2
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Minority
enrollment,
by
race/
ethnicity
Nonresident
alien
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Total
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
............................
14,300,255
10,226,034
3,609,273
1,499,439
1,152,229
823,633
133,972
464,948
22.5
23.5
24.6
25.3
26.1
Alabama
..........................................
219,499
157,161
57,870
52,334
1,739
2,413
1,384
4,468
23.7
24.8
25.5
26.1
26.9
Alaska
.............................................
28,846
22,369
5,397
1,058
713
754
2,872
1,080
18.3
18.6
18.7
19.3
19.4
Arizona
............................................
276,832
200,429
68,701
9,243
40,063
8,807
10,588
7,702
22.2
23.8
24.0
25.0
25.5
Arkansas
.........................................
100,688
80,089
18,183
15,287
835
1,169
892
2,416
16.8
17.2
17.1
17.9
18.5
California
.........................................
1,882,634
922,781
877,691
143,885
383,461
328,337
22,008
82,162
40.5
44.0
46.3
47.9
48.7
Colorado
.........................................
242,949
193,944
43,108
8,311
23,226
8,404
3,167
5,897
15.8
16.4
16.9
17.7
18.2
Connecticut
.....................................
155,361
123,344
26,203
11,864
8,020
5,783
536
5,814
14.2
15.1
16.3
16.9
17.5
Delaware
.........................................
44,838
35,287
8,476
6,357
901
1,025
193
1,075
16.0
16.9
18.0
18.6
19.4
District
of
Columbia
........................
74,239
35,897
30,192
22,420
2,978
4,548
246
8,150
44.0
44.0
45.4
45.8
45.7
Florida
.............................................
641,173
418,043
202,736
87,889
92,087
19,720
3,040
20,394
27.5
28.4
29.5
31.0
32.7
Georgia
...........................................
317,999
214,549
95,343
80,696
4,987
8,849
811
8,107
26.4
27.9
29.0
29.7
30.8
Hawaii
.............................................
61,383
16,394
39,319
1,285
1,342
36,443
249
5,670
69.6
69.9
70.6
70.8
70.6
Idaho
...............................................
59,904
54,827
3,797
383
1,695
888
831
1,280
5.5
6.1
6.1
6.4
6.5
Illinois
..............................................
720,987
504,144
198,560
92,070
63,923
40,144
2,423
18,283
25.6
26.1
26.9
27.3
28.3
Indiana
............................................
286,326
246,370
30,910
17,799
6,571
5,415
1,125
9,046
9.8
10.2
10.5
10.9
11.1
Iowa
................................................
177,021
156,705
13,018
4,996
2,906
4,343
773
7,298
6.2
6.6
7.2
7.4
7.7
Kansas
............................................
172,350
145,757
21,011
8,155
6,233
4,012
2,611
5,582
10.7
11.0
11.5
12.8
12.6
Kentucky
.........................................
177,749
158,077
16,502
12,416
1,196
2,145
745
3,170
8.2
8.6
8.9
9.1
9.5
Louisiana
.........................................
203,517
133,455
64,417
53,664
5,014
4,602
1,137
5,645
29.7
30.2
31.4
31.8
32.6
Maine
..............................................
55,645
52,887
2,197
402
376
723
696
561
4.4
3.3
3.7
4.8
4.0
Maryland
.........................................
260,757
170,259
80,758
58,514
6,350
14,737
1,157
9,740
27.3
28.5
30.0
30.9
32.2
Massachusetts
................................
410,327
316,804
68,356
23,372
17,788
25,416
1,780
25,167
14.4
15.2
16.5
17.3
17.7
Michigan
..........................................
546,974
436,671
92,618
60,497
11,694
15,979
4,448
17,685
15.3
16.2
16.8
17.2
17.5
Minnesota
.......................................
275,262
243,962
23,971
7,624
3,756
9,682
2,909
7,329
6.8
7.5
8.0
8.9
8.9
Mississippi
.......................................
126,234
83,659
40,570
38,396
698
973
503
2,005
29.8
30.6
31.2
31.5
32.7
Missouri
...........................................
290,533
243,600
39,079
25,930
4,995
6,555
1,599
7,854
12.6
12.9
13.2
13.4
13.8
Montana
..........................................
43,145
37,389
4,711
144
504
354
3,709
1,045
12.9
11.5
11.5
11.4
11.2
Nebraska
.........................................
119,300
107,274
9,257
3,458
2,393
2,284
1,122
2,769
7.2
7.0
7.4
7.8
7.9
Nevada
............................................
73,467
55,008
16,404
4,396
6,236
4,585
1,187
2,055
18.7
18.0
19.5
21.1
23.0
New
Hampshire
..............................
64,463
60,068
3,135
915
864
1,057
299
1,260
5.4
4.9
4.6
5.2
5.0
New
Jersey
.....................................
328,188
223,256
93,579
38,804
31,982
21,860
933
11,353
24.8
25.6
27.4
28.6
29.5
New
Mexico
....................................
103,546
57,323
44,525
2,568
33,232
1,869
6,856
1,698
39.8
40.9
41.8
43.1
43.7
New
York
........................................
1,027,870
672,311
311,595
137,124
102,835
67,932
3,704
43,964
26.9
28.1
29.8
30.7
31.7
North
Carolina
.................................
373,168
275,630
91,076
74,808
4,965
7,547
3,756
6,462
22.6
23.2
24.1
24.2
24.8
North
Dakota
...................................
40,554
35,916
3,187
339
286
310
2,252
1,451
7.3
7.5
7.8
7.6
8.2
Ohio
................................................
537,535
448,218
72,892
51,225
8,163
11,371
2,133
16,425
12.1
12.7
13.2
13.6
14.0
Oklahoma
........................................
177,255
133,516
35,409
12,848
4,280
4,440
13,841
8,330
17.7
18.7
19.9
20.4
21.0
Oregon
............................................
165,168
138,104
20,660
2,784
5,764
9,525
2,587
6,404
10.6
11.6
12.2
13.4
13.0
Pennsylvania
...................................
621,994
518,526
86,119
52,118
11,734
20,867
1,400
17,349
12.5
12.5
13.2
14.0
14.2
Rhode
Island
...................................
72,432
60,722
9,069
3,185
2,970
2,641
273
2,641
10.2
11.0
11.4
12.3
13.0
South
Carolina
................................
174,303
126,593
44,786
40,371
1,639
2,263
513
2,924
23.7
23.8
24.7
25.3
26.1
South
Dakota
..................................
35,373
31,431
3,019
288
175
259
2,297
923
7.5
6.8
8.6
8.9
8.8
Tennessee
......................................
247,043
198,139
44,039
36,841
2,595
3,789
814
4,865
17.1
17.3
17.7
17.8
18.2
Texas
..............................................
955,439
582,317
346,514
94,758
202,451
44,125
5,180
26,608
32.4
33.4
35.1
36.3
37.3
Utah
................................................
151,637
136,543
9,902
912
4,130
3,309
1,551
5,192
5.9
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.8
Vermont
..........................................
35,090
32,762
1,528
366
490
494
178
800
4.0
3.9
4.8
5.9
4.5
Virginia
............................................
353,788
260,077
85,843
58,191
8,447
17,660
1,545
7,868
21.3
22.4
23.6
24.0
24.8
Washington
.....................................
292,180
231,505
51,229
10,735
11,410
23,401
5,683
9,446
14.8
15.7
16.9
17.5
18.1
West
Virginia
...................................
85,689
78,727
5,215
3,572
517
899
227
1,747
5.4
5.6
5.9
5.9
6.2
Wisconsin
........................................
299,127
264,203
28,055
12,863
6,307
6,562
2,323
6,869
8.7
9.1
9.4
9.5
9.6
Wyoming
.........................................
30,805
27,976
2,435
276
1,384
257
518
394
7.3
6.7
6.9
7.4
8.0
U.
S.
Service
Schools
......................
81,669
65,036
16,107
10,703
2,929
2,107
368
526
21.1
21.6
22.0
19.8
19.9
Outlying
areas
............................
181,660
698
180,300
2,527
168,985
8,780
8
662
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.6
American
Samoa
............................
1,239
0
1,239
0
0
1,239
0
0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.....
1,396
0
1,396
0
0
1,396
0
0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Guam
..............................................
5,335
454
4,556
28
36
4,488
4
325
89.5
89.3
90.0
90.4
90.9
Marshall
Islands
..............................
431
0
431
0
0
431
0
0
100.0
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
Northern
Marianas
..........................
1,096
73
860
0
7
853
0
163
89.5
92.1
92.3
92.1
92.2
Palau
...............................................
332
0
332
0
0
332
0
0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Puerto
Rico
.....................................
168,933
37
168,846
5
168,831
9
1
50
100.0
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
Virgin
Islands
..................................
2,898
134
2,640
2,494
111
32
3
124
91.3
91.7
92.5
94.5
95.2
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Percent
minority
based
on
U.
S.
citizen
enrollment
(
total
enrollment
less
enrollment
of
nonresident
aliens).

NOTE.
 
Because
of
adjustments
to
underreported
and
nonreported
racial/
ethnic
data,
figures
are
slightly
different
from
corresponding
data
in
other
tables.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
235
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
211.
 
Number
and
percent
of
students
enrolled
in
postsecondary
institutions,
by
disability
status
and
selected
student
characteristics:
1995
 
96
Selected
student
characteristics
Undergraduate
Graduate
and
first­
professional
1
All
students
Disabled
students
2
Nondisabled
students
All
students
Disabled
students
2
Nondisabled
students
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
(
in
thousands)
....................................
16,678
892
15,786
2,784
89
2,695
Sex
................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Male
..........................................................
44.1
50.0
43.8
45.7
31.3
46.2
Female
......................................................
55.9
50.0
56.2
54.3
68.7
53.8
Race/
ethnicity
of
student
...............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................
71.4
80.9
70.8
80.6
73.9
80.9
Black,
non­
Hispanic
..................................
11.6
7.1
11.9
6.4
10.7
6.2
Hispanic
....................................................
10.3
7.7
10.5
4.9
9.8
4.7
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
...............................
5.3
1.8
5.5
8.1
5.6
8.2
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
..............
0.9
2.1
0.8
 
 
 
Other
.........................................................
0.5
0.4
0.5
 
 
 
Age
................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15
to
23
....................................................
54.9
46.0
55.5
9.2
7.6
9.3
24
to
29
....................................................
17.9
13.6
18.1
42.7
32.3
43.0
30
or
older
................................................
27.2
40.4
26.4
48.1
60.0
47.7
Attendance
status
.........................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Full
time
....................................................
40.5
38.7
40.6
32.5
34.2
32.5
Part
time
...................................................
59.5
61.3
59.4
67.5
65.8
67.5
Student
housing
status
.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
On­
campus
...............................................
14.6
12.0
14.8
6.5
6.6
6.5
Off­
campus
...............................................
58.0
62.7
57.7
86.9
82.3
87.1
With
parents
or
relatives
..........................
27.4
25.3
27.5
6.6
11.1
6.4
Dependency
status
.......................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Dependent
................................................
49.3
40.7
49.8
50.5
48.8
50.5
Independent,
unmarried
...........................
16.7
21.5
16.4
20.7
21.5
20.7
Independent,
married
...............................
9.8
8.0
9.9
28.8
29.7
28.8
Independent
with
dependents
..................
24.2
29.8
23.9
 
 
 
Veteran
status
...............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Veteran
.....................................................
5.2
9.7
5.0
5.2
10.6
5.0
Not
veteran
...............................................
94.8
90.3
95.0
94.8
89.4
95.0
Field
of
study
.................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Business/
management
.............................
15.7
13.8
15.8
17.1
14.8
17.1
Education
..................................................
6.8
6.6
6.8
26.1
23.8
26.2
Engineering/
computer
science
.................
9.6
10.9
9.6
8.3
3.7
8.4
Health
.......................................................
10.1
9.0
10.2
13.0
28.6
12.5
Humanities
................................................
11.6
13.9
11.5
9.7
6.2
9.8
Law
...........................................................
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.2
4.1
5.2
Life/
physical
sciences
...............................
5.3
3.2
5.4
6.3
2.1
6.5
Social/
Behavioral
sciences
.......................
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.8
5.8
7.9
Vocational/
technical
..................................
2.1
3.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Undeclared
...............................................
20.3
20.9
20.3
3.5
7.1
3.4
Other
.........................................................
10.8
11.3
10.7
2.9
3.8
2.9
1
Includes
chiropractic
medicine,
medicine,
dentistry,
optometry,
osteopathic
medicine,
pharmacy,
podiatry,
and
veterinary
medicine.
2
Disabled
students
are
those
who
reported
that
they
had
one
or
more
of
the
following
conditions:
a
specific
learning
disability,
a
visual
handicap,
hard
of
hearing,
deafness,
a
speech
disability,
an
orthopedic
handicap,
or
a
health
impairment.
 
Sample
size
too
small
for
a
reliable
estimate.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
The
1995
 
96
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997).
236
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
212.
 
Enrollment
of
persons
14
to
34
years
of
age
1
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity,
sex,
and
year
of
college:
October
1965
to
October
1997
Characteristic
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
2
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
3
1995
1996
1997
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Numbers
in
thousands
All
students
........
5,675
7,413
9,697
10,181
10,863
10,915
10,937
11,066
11,303
11,589
11,671
11,409
12,298
12,046
12,448
12,640
White,
non­
Hispanic
4
Total
....................
5,317
6,759
8,141
8,453
8,781
8,519
8,616
8,786
8,892
8,916
8,883
8,592
9,076
8,973
8,943
9,087
Men
.................
3,326
4,066
4,566
4,225
4,361
4,221
4,155
4,220
4,298
4,323
4,207
4,168
4,313
4,319
4,222
4,353
Women
............
1,991
2,693
3,576
4,228
4,420
4,299
4,461
4,565
4,594
4,594
4,676
4,424
4,764
4,654
4,721
4,734
Black,
non­
Hispanic
4
Total
....................
274
522
927
996
1,036
1,162
1,096
1,116
1,167
1,190
1,205
1,227
1,469
1,415
1,513
1,500
Men
.................
126
253
433
431
458
505
423
425
508
523
467
515
641
579
633
595
Women
............
148
269
494
565
578
657
674
690
659
667
738
713
828
837
879
904
Hispanic
origin
Total
....................
 
 
411
443
579
667
654
640
617
721
816
867
982
1,014
1,039
1,109
Men
.................
 
 
219
222
280
369
313
311
297
310
349
391
443
495
440
495
Women
............
 
 
192
221
299
298
341
330
321
411
468
475
539
519
599
614
Year
of
college
First
.................
1,861
2,212
2,886
2,958
2,956
2,915
3,131
2,983
3,109
2,995
3,274
3,139
3,357
3,236
3,295
3,637
Second
............
1,256
1,739
2,376
2,411
2,585
2,745
2,598
2,680
2,798
2,959
3,002
2,964
3,075
3,068
3,060
2,764
Third
................
896
1,248
1,491
1,716
1,931
2,011
1,979
2,017
1,958
2,009
2,136
2,080
2,244
2,239
2,235
2,280
Fourth
..............
803
1,074
1,354
1,403
1,642
1,556
1,631
1,676
1,817
1,877
1,681
1,692
1,902
1,772
2,033
2,010
Fifth
or
higher
..
859
1,140
1,590
1,692
1,749
1,690
1,598
1,711
1,620
1,749
1,578
1,535
1,719
1,731
1,823
1,948
Percentage
distribution
All
students
........
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
White,
non­
Hispanic
4
Total
....................
93.7
91.2
84.0
83.0
80.8
78.1
78.8
79.4
78.7
76.9
76.1
75.3
73.8
74.5
71.8
71.9
Men
.................
58.6
54.8
47.1
41.5
40.1
38.7
38.0
38.1
38.0
37.3
36.0
36.5
35.1
35.9
33.9
34.4
Women
............
35.1
36.3
36.9
41.5
40.7
39.4
40.8
41.3
40.6
39.6
40.1
38.8
38.7
38.6
37.9
37.5
Black,
non­
Hispanic
4
Total
....................
4.8
7.0
9.6
9.8
9.5
10.6
10.0
10.1
10.3
10.3
10.3
10.8
11.9
11.7
12.2
11.9
Men
.................
2.2
3.4
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.6
3.9
3.8
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.5
5.2
4.8
5.1
4.7
Women
............
2.6
3.6
5.1
5.5
5.3
6.0
6.2
6.2
5.8
5.8
6.3
6.2
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.2
Hispanic
origin
Total
....................
 
 
4.2
4.4
5.3
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.5
6.2
7.0
7.6
8.0
8.4
8.3
8.8
Men
.................
 
 
2.3
2.2
2.6
3.4
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.6
4.1
3.5
3.9
Women
............
 
 
2.0
2.2
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.5
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.8
4.9
Year
of
college
First
.................
32.8
29.8
29.8
29.1
27.2
26.7
28.6
27.0
27.5
25.8
28.1
27.5
27.3
26.9
26.5
28.8
Second
............
22.1
23.5
24.5
23.7
23.8
25.1
23.8
24.2
24.8
25.5
25.7
26.0
25.0
25.5
24.6
21.9
Third
................
15.8
16.8
15.4
16.9
17.8
18.4
18.1
18.2
17.3
17.3
18.3
18.2
18.3
18.6
18.0
18.0
Fourth
..............
14.1
14.5
14.0
13.8
15.1
14.3
14.9
15.1
16.1
16.2
14.4
14.8
15.5
14.7
16.3
15.9
Fifth
or
higher
..
15.1
15.4
16.4
16.6
16.1
15.5
14.6
15.5
14.3
15.1
13.5
13.5
14.0
14.4
14.6
15.4
1
Totals
differ
from
those
shown
in
other
tables.
This
table
presents
data
collected
in
sample
surveys
of
households
rather
than
surveys
of
institutions.
Excludes
persons
age
35
and
over.

2
Data
for
1985
to
1993
are
controlled
to
1980
census
base.

3
Data
are
controlled
to
1990
census
base.
Large
increase
in
1994
is
partly
due
to
the
change
in
census
base
and
change
in
survey
form
administration
procedures.

4
Data
for
1965
and
1970
include
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20,
No.
403,
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
237
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
213.
 
Enrollment
in
postsecondary
education,
by
major
field
of
study,
age,
and
level
of
student:
1995
 
96
Field
of
study
All
students
Undergraduate
Graduate
and
first­
professional
Total,
in
thousands
Percentage
distribution,
by
age
2­
year
institutions
1
4­
year
institutions
Total,
in
thousands
Percentage
distribution,
by
age
Under
25
25
to
34
Over
35
Total,
in
thousands
Percentage
distribution,
by
age
Total,
in
thousands
Percentage
distribution,
by
age
Under
25
25
to
34
Over
35
Under
25
25
to
34
Over
35
Under
25
25
to
34
Over
35
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
........................
19,444
53.0
26.3
20.7
8,887
48.1
27.0
24.9
7,791
71.4
17.1
11.5
2,767
17.4
49.5
33.1
Agriculture
...................
204
65.8
21.1
13.1
71
60.5
21.0
18.5
109
80.5
12.0
7.5
24
13.7
63.8
22.5
Architecture/
city
planning
.........................
82
62.8
32.5
4.6
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
50
89.0
8.8
2.2
22
16.3
73.5
10.2
Area
studies
................
 
 
 
 
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
24
76.2
11.5
12.3
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)

Business
.....................
2,949
48.7
29.7
21.6
1,295
45.2
29.0
25.8
1,233
64.2
20.8
15.0
420
13.9
58.0
28.1
Communications/

journalism
......................
335
71.5
17.5
11.0
89
57.3
23.1
19.6
224
82.0
11.8
6.2
22
21.3
52.9
25.8
Computer
science
.......
554
42.7
31.6
25.7
275
34.4
31.1
34.5
219
62.4
23.4
14.2
60
9.2
63.3
27.6
Education
....................
1,590
45.0
27.0
28.0
337
63.0
22.2
14.8
649
67.0
17.5
15.5
604
11.3
39.9
48.9
Engineering
.................
1,002
58.6
28.9
12.5
403
48.2
30.4
21.5
477
77.6
18.5
3.8
122
18.7
64.4
16.9
Foreign
language
........
 
 
 
 
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
55
78.2
16.1
5.7
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)

Health
.........................
2,157
47.4
31.4
21.2
1,273
42.7
34.4
22.9
637
65.9
19.8
14.3
247
23.6
46.1
30.3
Medicine/
dentistry
.......
83
43.3
49.9
6.8
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
83
43.3
49.9
6.8
Home
economics
........
473
55.8
27.7
16.5
375
53.0
30.5
16.6
81
77.8
13.0
9.2
17
15.0
36.1
48.9
Industrial
arts
..............
210
53.2
30.0
16.8
181
41.9
33.5
24.7
28
81.9
11.0
7.1
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)

Interdisciplinary
science
....................
153
62.8
22.4
14.9
37
73.8
11.7
14.6
89
72.8
17.0
10.2
27
14.0
55.1
30.9
Law
.............................
636
53.2
30.0
16.8
352
52.2
27.1
20.6
142
69.0
21.0
10.0
142
39.6
46.3
14.1
Letters/
liberal
studies
..
1,340
60.6
21.9
17.5
908
59.1
22.3
18.6
383
69.9
17.4
12.7
48
15.8
50.9
33.3
Library
science
...........
24
5.8
57.6
36.6
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
24
5.8
57.6
36.6
Life
sciences
...............
558
77.2
19.1
3.7
118
72.0
23.2
4.8
380
87.4
10.3
2.3
60
22.5
67.1
10.4
Mathematics
...............
113
56.7
28.8
14.5
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
63
76.5
17.6
6.0
25
20.6
61.1
18.4
Mechanics/

transportation
.......................
230
39.4
29.3
31.3
208
34.8
30.9
34.3
22
82.1
15.0
3.0
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)

Philosophy
and
religion
90
44.6
33.9
21.5
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
46
71.5
15.0
13.5
42
12.5
56.1
31.4
Physical
science
.........
178
63.4
29.1
7.5
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
106
81.4
17.0
1.6
44
20.9
59.5
19.6
Psychology
.................
495
67.4
21.1
11.5
84
69.8
20.8
9.4
347
75.3
15.7
9.1
65
21.9
50.8
27.3
Public
administration/

social
work
..............
241
38.7
34.5
26.8
59
39.1
33.5
27.4
90
55.0
20.7
24.2
93
22.7
48.4
29.0
Social
sciences
...........
713
67.3
21.4
11.3
122
65.2
22.0
12.8
492
76.9
15.0
8.2
99
22.7
52.4
24.9
Visual
and
performing
arts
..........................
603
66.0
20.7
13.3
169
57.1
19.4
23.5
357
79.4
14.7
5.9
78
23.6
51.2
25.2
Other
3
.........................
181
53.0
23.4
23.5
27
35.1
27.0
37.9
115
71.3
16.2
12.6
38
10.3
43.1
46.5
Undeclared
.................
3,523
54.0
21.2
24.9
2,196
45.5
23.4
31.1
1,248
71.7
15.5
12.8
78
9.8
49.0
41.2
1
Includes
less­
than­
2­
year
schools.

2
Too
few
sample
cases
for
a
reliable
estimate.

3
Includes
students
whose
classification
is
unknown.

 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
different
survey
editing
and
processing
procedures,
enrollment
data
in
this
table
may
differ
from
those
appearing
in
other
tables.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Includes
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
1995
 
96
academic
year.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
The
1995
 
96
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,''
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1997).
238
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
214.
 
Graduate
enrollment
in
science
and
engineering
programs
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
field
of
study:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
fall
1985
to
fall
1996
Field
of
engineering
or
science
1985
1
1986
1
1987
1
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Percent
change,
1990
to
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total,
all
sciences
and
engineering
.............
404,088
415,557
421,526
424,671
434,567
452,178
471,262
493,632
504,449
504,542
499,702
494,526
9.4
Engineering,
total
......................................................
95,991
101,874
103,953
102,829
104,043
107,625
113,576
118,035
116,858
113,023
107,199
103,223
 
4.1
Aerospace
........................................................
2,538
2,804
3,015
3223
3,524
3,934
4,120
4,036
3,940
3,715
3,343
3,208
 
18.5
Agricultural
.......................................................
948
1,071
1,080
1052
1,043
946
983
1,008
1,018
1,061
1,037
1,012
7.0
Biomedical
........................................................
1,370
1,534
1,674
1752
1,916
2,136
2,239
2,537
2,675
2,750
2,732
2,732
27.9
Chemical
..........................................................
7,150
7,012
7,111
6618
6,460
6,735
7,127
7,397
7,516
7,608
7,424
7,373
9.5
Civil
...................................................................
14,902
14,976
14,682
14811
14,909
15,542
17,398
19,572
19,583
19,925
19,218
18,528
19.2
Electrical
...........................................................
28,203
29,969
31,399
32035
33,257
33,722
35,182
36,460
35,314
33,050
30,747
29,736
 
11.8
Engineering
science
.........................................
2,098
2,362
2,343
2386
2,077
2,020
2,154
2,218
2,180
2,089
1,955
1,751
 
13.3
Industrial
...........................................................
10,499
11,529
12,220
11393
11,094
11,248
12,676
13,525
13,596
13,661
13,143
12,399
10.2
Mechanical
.......................................................
14,157
15,713
16,366
16151
16,265
16,879
17,730
18,637
18,477
17,761
16,363
15,509
 
8.1
Metallurgical/
materials
......................................
3,943
4,208
4,366
4337
4,594
4,941
5,160
5,512
5,363
5,191
4,920
4,713
 
4.6
Mining
...............................................................
489
512
513
489
418
437
489
437
427
424
373
371
 
15.1
Nuclear
.............................................................
1,220
1,265
1,279
1303
1,323
1,278
1,282
1,286
1,306
1,246
1,154
980
 
23.3
Petroleum
.........................................................
782
747
818
742
665
670
705
737
725
624
610
562
 
16.1
Other
engineering
............................................
7,692
8,172
7,087
6537
6,498
7,137
6,331
4,673
4,738
3,918
4,180
4,349
 
39.1
All
sciences,
total
......................................................
308,097
313,683
317,573
321,842
330,524
344,553
357,686
375,597
387,591
391,519
392,503
391,303
13.6
Physical
sciences,
total
.......................................
30,981
32,246
32,727
32962
33,616
34,075
34,710
35,348
35,318
34,449
33,417
32,342
 
5.1
Astronomy
........................................................
671
689
719
731
789
810
829
869
880
973
912
874
7.9
Chemistry
.........................................................
18,305
18,744
18,827
18579
18,828
19,118
19,407
19,929
20,131
19,797
19,594
19,345
1.2
Physics
.............................................................
11,672
12,437
12,807
13308
13,657
13,813
14,081
14,122
13,841
13,162
12,425
11,728
 
15.1
Other
physical
sciences
...................................
333
376
374
344
342
334
393
428
466
517
486
395
18.3
Earth,
atmospheric,
and
ocean
sciences
............
15,420
15,066
14,371
13,867
13,643
13,984
14,480
15,347
15,805
16,042
15,805
15,274
9.2
Atmospheric
sciences
......................................
964
961
952
940
912
929
968
1,089
1,112
1,109
1,072
1,080
16.3
Geosciences
.....................................................
10,294
9,819
8,998
8463
8,052
7,692
7,567
7,744
7,785
7,741
7,608
7,323
 
4.8
Oceanography
..................................................
2,081
2,128
2,127
2033
2,207
2,333
2,386
2,530
2,611
2,853
2,703
2,598
11.4
Other
environmental
sciences
.........................
2,081
2,158
2,294
2431
2,472
3,030
3,559
3,984
4,297
4,339
4,422
4,273
41.0
Mathematical
sciences,
total
...............................
17,563
17,949
18,508
19,077
19,247
19,774
19,952
20,355
20,000
19,579
18,509
18,015
 
8.9
Mathematics
and
applied
mathematics
...........
15,437
15,615
16,015
16,490
16,723
17,096
17,206
17,404
16,945
16,463
15,400
14,970
 
12.4
Statistics
...........................................................
2,126
2,334
2,493
2,587
2,524
2,678
2,746
2,951
3,055
3,116
3,109
3,045
13.7
Computer
sciences,
total
.....................................
29,769
31,349
32,051
32,227
32,482
34,257
34,610
36,293
36,189
34,128
33,432
34,592
1.0
Life
sciences,
total
...............................................
103,635
105,661
106,036
108,084
111,862
116,348
121,849
128,992
136,929
143,633
148,250
148,997
28.1
Agricultural
sciences,
total
...............................
11,561
11,458
11,118
11,135
11,190
11,316
11,506
11,827
11,914
12,199
12,367
11,914
5.3
Biological
sciences,
total
..................................
46,112
46,765
46,747
47,565
48,852
49,989
51,778
54,177
56,452
58,143
58,706
58,127
16.3
Anatomy
........................................................
993
973
1,016
1056
1,078
1,000
1,051
1,030
1,027
1,079
1,056
1,111
11.1
Biochemistry
.................................................
4,654
4,873
4,813
4921
5,082
5,039
5,201
5,376
5,513
5,632
5,520
5,265
4.5
Biology
..........................................................
12,710
12,678
12,331
12393
12,761
13,027
13,292
13,874
14,327
14,220
14,284
14,635
12.3
Biometry/
epidemiology
.................................
1,360
1,434
1,556
1682
1,722
1,871
2,032
2,365
2,658
2,710
2,812
3,001
60.4
Biophysics
.....................................................
441
547
591
592
655
642
697
751
780
794
845
833
29.8
Botany
...........................................................
3,157
3,123
2,979
2912
2,826
2,733
2,694
2,689
2,714
2,748
2,609
2,504
 
8.4
Cell
biology
...................................................
1,429
1,716
1,964
2078
2,234
2,555
2,809
3,093
3,374
3,768
3,890
3,896
52.5
Ecology
.........................................................
1,028
1,022
963
999
1,084
1,136
1,180
1,301
1,410
1,566
1,680
1,615
42.2
Entomology/
parasitology
..............................
1,342
1,306
1,244
1240
1,181
1,173
1,171
1,193
1,247
1,263
1,241
1,234
5.2
Genetics
........................................................
1,120
1,262
1,314
1289
1,365
1,408
1,520
1,639
1,785
1,699
1,700
1,729
22.8
Microbiology
..................................................
4,445
4,371
4,452
4773
4,827
4,873
4,928
4,972
5,068
5,141
5,072
4,963
1.8
Nutrition
........................................................
4,241
4,259
4,158
4132
4,164
4,172
4,164
4,159
4,388
4,747
5,016
4,859
16.5
Pathology
......................................................
1,305
1,323
1,369
1333
1,369
1,354
1,449
1,456
1,575
1,707
1,670
1,656
22.3
Pharmacology
...............................................
2,103
2,078
2,072
2124
2,267
2,353
2,432
2,529
2,645
2,830
2,700
2,652
12.7
Physiology
....................................................
2,211
2,220
2,213
2220
2,206
2,236
2,332
2,317
2,372
2,378
2,540
2,377
6.3
Zoology
.........................................................
2,127
2,075
2,104
2029
2,083
2,104
2,191
2,139
2,120
2,092
2,068
1,910
 
9.2
Other
biosciences
.........................................
1,446
1,505
1,608
1792
1,948
2,313
2,635
3,294
3,449
3,769
4,003
3,887
68.1
Health
fields,
total
............................................
45,962
47,438
48,171
49,384
51,820
55,043
58,565
62,988
68,563
73,291
77,177
78,956
43.4
Medical
fields
................................................
9,221
9,244
9,809
10,101
10,232
10,950
11,707
12,594
14,184
15,027
15,521
15,341
40.1
Other
health
fields
........................................
36,741
38,194
38,362
39,283
41,588
44,093
46,858
50,394
54,379
58,264
61,656
63,615
44.3
Dentistry
........................................................
797
908
1,022
1048
1,004
956
1,016
1,121
1,135
1,199
1,251
1,291
35.0
Nursing
.........................................................
17,965
18,398
18,444
18862
19,689
21,194
22,012
23,213
24,781
26,997
28,405
27,467
29.6
Pharmaceutical
sciences
..............................
2,553
2,682
2,607
2613
2,787
2,889
2,968
2,804
2,871
2,901
2,948
2,975
3.0
Speech
pathology/
audiology
........................
7,761
7,774
7,314
7479
7,911
8,354
8,945
9,791
10,740
11,473
12,092
12,973
55.3
Veterinary
sciences
......................................
637
630
731
752
801
900
894
942
877
875
929
946
5.1
Other
health
related
......................................
7,028
7,802
8,244
8529
9,396
9,800
11,023
12,523
13,975
14,819
16,031
17,963
83.3
Psychology,
total
..................................................
40,721
41,241
42,612
43,963
45,528
48,167
51,343
53,484
54,557
54,554
53,641
53,353
10.8
Psychology,
general
.........................................
104
118
267
15,443
19,408
20,108
19,555
18,819
18,916
18,329
17,688
16,917
 
15.9
Clinical
psychology
...........................................
39,919
40,361
41,566
20,548
9,298
9,916
10,834
12,073
12,497
12,652
12,497
12,761
28.7
Other
psychology
.............................................
698
762
779
7,972
16,822
18,143
20,954
22,592
23,144
23,573
23,456
23,675
30.5
Social
sciences,
total
...........................................
70,008
70,171
71,268
71,662
74,146
77,948
80,742
85,778
88,793
89,134
89,449
88,730
13.8
Agricultural
economics
.....................................
2,268
2,248
2,203
2259
2,276
2,273
2,364
2,522
2,415
2,289
2,338
2,117
 
6.9
Anthropology
....................................................
5,631
5,805
5,835
5945
6,128
6,479
6,731
7,123
7,361
7,665
7,693
7,767
19.9
Economics
(
except
agricultural)
.......................
12,430
12,103
11,998
12036
12,139
12,326
12,707
13,252
13,214
12,913
12,673
12,080
 
2.0
Geography
........................................................
2,936
3,055
3,223
3208
3,479
3,530
3,760
4,102
4,378
4,502
4,371
4,331
22.7
History
and
philosophy
of
science
...................
272
266
294
288
304
331
337
360
369
387
401
409
23.6
Linguistics
.........................................................
3,055
3,109
3,282
3243
3,286
3,404
3,425
3,277
3,321
3,279
3,194
3,156
 
7.3
Political
science
................................................
26,621
27,091
27,429
27723
29,194
30,582
31,707
33,797
35,076
34,317
34,298
33,342
9.0
Sociology
..........................................................
6,637
6,565
7,026
7117
7,405
7,801
8,393
9,011
9,425
9,498
9,564
9,428
20.9
Sociology/
anthropology
....................................
983
988
942
960
988
1,164
899
979
935
987
941
923
 
20.7
Other
social
sciences
.......................................
9,175
8,941
9,036
8883
8,947
10,058
10,419
11,355
12,299
13,297
13,976
15,177
50.9
1
Includes
estimates
for
master's
degree
granting
institutions
which
were
surveyed
on
a
sample
basis
from
1985
through
1987.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
National
Science
Foundation,
Division
of
Science
Resources
Studies,
Survey
of
Graduate
Students
and
Postdoctorates
in
Science
and
Engineering,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
239
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
215.
 
Degree­
granting
2­
year
and
4­
year
institutions,
by
type,
control,
and
size
of
enrollment:
Fall
1996
1
Control
of
institution
and
size
of
total
enrollment
All
institutions
Universities
All
other
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
institutions
Number
2
Enrollment
Number
2
Enrollment
Number
2
Enrollment
Number
2
Enrollment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
..................................................
3,842
14,367,520
156
2,984,965
2,044
5,819,228
1,642
5,563,327
Under
200
.................................................
474
54,775
0
0
249
27,519
225
27,256
200
to
499
................................................
563
188,906
0
0
247
84,757
316
104,149
500
to
999
................................................
523
384,035
0
0
346
257,487
177
126,548
1,000
to
2,499
..........................................
866
1,445,889
0
0
571
929,358
295
516,531
2,500
to
4,999
..........................................
563
1,946,596
5
20,988
285
973,753
273
951,855
5,000
to
9,999
..........................................
459
3,228,457
28
219,382
213
1,464,502
218
1,544,573
10,000
to
19,999
......................................
272
3,751,871
55
774,630
112
1,543,842
105
1,433,399
20,000
to
29,999
......................................
94
2,273,919
45
1,098,907
20
501,744
29
673,268
30,000
or
more
.........................................
28
1,093,072
23
871,058
1
36,266
4
185,748
Public
institutions
...............................
1,645
11,120,499
94
2,226,529
514
3,579,507
1,037
5,314,463
Under
200
........................................
28
3,519
0
0
5
281
23
3,238
200
to
499
........................................
55
19,630
0
0
9
3,200
46
16,430
500
to
999
........................................
115
88,222
0
0
31
24,246
84
63,976
1,000
to
2,499
..................................
348
618,430
0
0
87
150,946
261
467,484
2,500
to
4,999
..................................
381
1,342,602
0
0
112
402,761
269
939,841
5,000
to
9,999
..................................
368
2,613,085
6
53,094
146
1,028,912
216
1,531,079
10,000
to
19,999
..............................
235
3,263,388
27
398,838
103
1,431,151
105
1,433,399
20,000
to
29,999
..............................
89
2,146,275
40
971,263
20
501,744
29
673,268
30,000
or
more
.................................
26
1,025,348
21
803,334
1
36,266
4
185,748
Private
institutions
..............................
2,197
3,247,021
62
758,436
1,530
2,239,721
605
248,864
Under
200
........................................
446
51,256
0
0
244
27,238
202
24,018
200
to
499
........................................
508
169,276
0
0
238
81,557
270
87,719
500
to
999
........................................
408
295,813
0
0
315
233,241
93
62,572
1,000
to
2,499
..................................
518
827,459
0
0
484
778,412
34
49,047
2,500
to
4,999
..................................
182
603,994
5
20,988
173
570,992
4
12,014
5,000
to
9,999
..................................
91
615,372
22
166,288
67
435,590
2
13,494
10,000
to
19,999
..............................
37
488,483
28
375,792
9
112,691
0
0
20,000
to
29,999
..............................
5
127,644
5
127,644
0
0
0
0
30,000
or
more
.................................
2
67,724
2
67,724
0
0
0
0
Nonprofit
institutions
......................
1,633
2,942,556
62
758,436
1,397
2,108,745
174
75,375
Under
200
.....................................
292
32,125
0
0
226
25,188
66
6,937
200
to
499
....................................
257
87,446
0
0
195
66,755
62
20,691
500
to
999
....................................
315
232,625
0
0
279
207,810
36
24,815
1,000
to
2,499
..............................
470
755,555
0
0
462
743,319
8
12,236
2,500
to
4,999
..............................
168
558,903
5
20,988
162
534,974
1
2,941
5,000
to
9,999
..............................
87
592,051
22
166,288
64
418,008
1
7,755
10,000
to
19,999
..........................
37
488,483
28
375,792
9
112,691
0
0
20,000
to
29,999
..........................
5
127,644
5
127,644
0
0
0
0
30,000
or
more
.............................
2
67,724
2
67,724
0
0
0
0
Proprietary
institutions
...................
564
304,465
0
0
133
130,976
431
173,489
Under
200
.....................................
154
19,131
0
0
18
2,050
136
17,081
200
to
499
....................................
251
81,830
0
0
43
14,802
208
67,028
500
to
999
....................................
93
63,188
0
0
36
25,431
57
37,757
1,000
to
2,499
..............................
48
71,904
0
0
22
35,093
26
36,811
2,500
to
4,999
..............................
14
45,091
0
0
11
36,018
3
9,073
5,000
to
9,999
..............................
4
23,321
0
0
3
17,582
1
5,739
10,000
to
19,999
..........................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20,000
to
29,999
..........................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,000
or
more
.............................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
These
preliminary
data
represent
the
branch
campuses
and
enrollments
reported
in
the
``
Fall
Enrollment''
survey.
Includes
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Some
institutions
do
not
report
separate
enrollment
data
for
each
branch
campus.
For
this
reason,
counts
of
institutions
in
this
table
are
somewhat
lower
than
figures
appearing
in
other
tables.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1996''
survey
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
240
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
216.
 
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
Line
no.
Institution
State
Control
1
Type
2
Total
enrollment,
fall
1990
Total
enrollment,
fall
1995
Total
enrollment,
fall
1996
Total
enrollment,
fall
1997
Enrollment,
by
sex,
fall
1996
Enrollment,
by
attendance
status,
fall
1996
Men
Women
Full­
time
Part­
time
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
 
United
States,
all
institutions
...........................
 
 
 
13,818,637
14,261,781
14,300,255
 
6,343,992
7,956,263
8,213,490
6,086,765
 
Colleges
with
enrollment
over
14,600
................
 
 
 
5,058,120
5,097,869
5,118,100
 
2,403,032
2,715,068
2,998,186
2,119,914
1
Auburn
University,
Main
Campus
...............................
Ala.
1
1
21,537
22,122
21,778
21,505
11,457
10,321
18,675
3,103
2
The
University
of
Alabama
.........................................
Ala.
1
1
19,794
18,985
17,953
18,324
8,531
9,422
14,792
3,161
3
University
of
Alabama
at
Birmingham
........................
Ala.
1
1
15,356
15,502
15,274
14,933
6,739
8,535
9,931
5,343
4
University
of
Alaska,
Anchorage
................................
Alaska
1
1
17,490
16,206
16,041
14,765
6,298
9,743
6,113
9,928
5
Arizona
State
University,
Main
Campus
....................
Ariz.
1
1
42,936
42,040
42,463
 
20,831
21,632
29,949
12,514
6
Glendale
Community
College
.....................................
Ariz.
1
2
18,512
17,699
17,348
17,369
7,469
9,879
5,323
12,025
7
Mesa
Community
College
..........................................
Ariz.
1
2
19,818
21,244
21,761
21,814
10,356
11,405
7,109
14,652
8
Northern
Arizona
University
.......................................
Ariz.
1
1
16,992
20,131
19,605
 
7,937
11,668
13,521
6,084
9
Pima
Community
College
...........................................
Ariz.
1
2
28,766
27,866
27,177
27,761
12,102
15,075
6,961
20,216
10
University
of
Arizona
..................................................
Ariz.
1
1
35,729
34,777
34,777
 
17,161
17,616
27,004
7,773
11
American
River
College
..............................................
Calif.
1
2
18,716
20,170
19,786
 
8,605
11,181
4,907
14,879
12
Cal.
Polytechnic
State
U.,
San
Luis
Obispo
..............
Calif.
1
1
17,751
16,023
17,000
16,735
9,627
7,373
15,370
1,630
13
California
State
Polytechnic
U.,
Pomona
...................
Calif.
1
1
19,468
16,605
16,803
17,246
9,447
7,356
11,930
4,873
14
California
State
University,
Fresno
.............................
Calif.
1
1
19,960
17,461
17,213
18,113
7,703
9,510
13,600
3,613
15
California
State
University,
Fullerton
..........................
Calif.
1
1
25,592
22,604
24,040
24,906
10,201
13,839
15,005
9,035
16
California
State
University,
Long
Beach
....................
Calif.
1
1
33,987
26,403
27,431
27,809
12,108
15,323
17,900
9,531
17
California
State
University,
Los
Angeles
....................
Calif.
1
1
21,597
18,385
18,849
19,160
7,586
11,263
11,094
7,755
18
California
State
University,
Northridge
.......................
Calif.
1
1
31,167
25,015
27,189
27,653
11,555
15,634
17,472
9,717
19
California
State
University,
Sacramento
....................
Calif.
1
1
26,336
22,796
23,420
23,478
10,192
13,228
16,030
7,390
20
Cerritos
College
..........................................................
Calif.
1
2
15,886
19,981
19,622
 
8,604
11,018
4,286
15,336
21
City
College
of
San
Francisco
....................................
Calif.
1
2
24,408
26,019
26,933
 
12,034
14,899
6,687
20,246
22
De
Anza
College
........................................................
Calif.
1
2
21,948
22,545
23,697
 
11,028
12,669
7,581
16,116
23
Diablo
Valley
College
.................................................
Calif.
1
2
20,255
18,192
18,687
 
8,492
10,195
6,207
12,480
24
East
Los
Angeles
College
..........................................
Calif.
1
2
12,447
15,289
15,376
 
6,283
9,093
4,200
11,176
25
El
Camino
College
......................................................
Calif.
1
2
25,789
21,540
22,657
 
10,183
12,474
6,023
16,634
26
Fresno
City
College
....................................................
Calif.
1
2
14,710
16,287
16,819
 
7,722
9,097
5,066
11,753
27
Fullerton
College
........................................................
Calif.
1
2
17,548
17,748
17,971
 
8,563
9,408
5,288
12,683
28
Grossmont
College
.....................................................
Calif.
1
2
15,357
14,560
14,730
 
6,365
8,365
5,137
9,593
29
Long
Beach
City
College
............................................
Calif.
1
2
18,378
18,137
17,509
 
7,601
9,908
4,060
13,449
30
Los
Angeles
Valley
College
.......................................
Calif.
1
2
16,457
15,362
15,537
 
6,536
9,001
3,856
11,681
31
Mt.
San
Antonio
College
............................................
Calif.
1
2
20,563
22,202
22,960
 
10,660
12,300
6,956
16,004
32
Orange
Coast
College
................................................
Calif.
1
2
22,365
21,135
21,405
 
10,433
10,972
6,034
15,371
33
Palomar
College
.........................................................
Calif.
1
2
16,707
18,894
20,509
 
9,499
11,010
5,155
15,354
34
Pasadena
City
College
...............................................
Calif.
1
2
19,581
21,101
21,680
 
9,619
12,061
6,576
15,104
35
Rancho
Santiago
College
...........................................
Calif.
1
2
20,532
20,392
24,611
 
14,102
10,509
5,464
19,147
36
Riverside
Community
College
....................................
Calif.
1
2
15,683
18,633
19,971
 
8,052
11,919
5,294
14,677
37
Sacramento
City
College
............................................
Calif.
1
2
14,474
16,098
16,583
 
6,904
9,679
5,227
11,356
38
Saddleback
College
....................................................
Calif.
1
2
14,527
14,093
17,242
 
7,205
10,037
4,156
13,086
39
San
Diego
Mesa
College
...........................................
Calif.
1
2
23,410
19,904
20,055
 
9,513
10,542
5,163
14,892
40
San
Diego
State
University
........................................
Calif.
1
1
35,493
29,350
29,981
30,593
13,295
16,686
21,479
8,502
41
San
Francisco
State
University
..................................
Calif.
1
1
29,343
26,791
27,420
26,982
11,108
16,312
18,061
9,359
42
San
Joaquin
Delta
College
.........................................
Calif.
1
2
14,792
14,640
15,608
 
6,525
9,083
5,200
10,408
43
San
Jose
State
University
..........................................
Calif.
1
1
30,334
25,997
25,874
26,897
12,122
13,752
16,642
9,232
44
Santa
Monica
College
................................................
Calif.
1
2
18,108
20,392
22,068
 
9,559
12,509
6,660
15,408
45
Santa
Rosa
Junior
College
........................................
Calif.
1
2
20,475
20,102
22,663
 
9,464
13,199
5,976
16,687
46
Southwestern
College
................................................
Calif.
1
2
13,010
15,037
15,517
 
6,975
8,542
5,003
10,514
47
Stanford
University
.....................................................
Calif.
2
1
14,724
16,003
15,754
 
9,187
6,567
12,288
3,466
48
University
of
California,
Berkeley
...............................
Calif.
1
1
30,634
29,630
29,797
30,290
15,730
14,067
27,007
2,790
49
University
of
California,
Davis
....................................
Calif.
1
1
23,890
23,091
23,931
24,551
11,628
12,303
21,664
2,267
50
University
of
California,
Irvine
....................................
Calif.
1
1
16,808
17,256
17,885
17,803
8,985
8,900
16,765
1,120
51
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles
.........................
Calif.
1
1
36,420
34,713
35,594
35,558
17,894
17,700
33,622
1,972
52
University
of
California,
San
Diego
............................
Calif.
1
1
17,790
18,315
18,110
18,657
9,449
8,661
17,328
782
53
University
of
California,
Santa
Barbara
......................
Calif.
1
1
18,385
18,224
18,531
18,940
8,897
9,634
17,770
761
54
University
of
Southern
California
................................
Calif.
2
1
28,374
27,971
28,081
 
15,064
13,017
21,443
6,638
55
Colorado
State
University
...........................................
Colo.
1
1
26,828
26,340
25,865
26,365
12,472
13,393
19,483
6,382
56
Metropolitan
State
College
of
Denver
........................
Colo.
1
1
17,400
16,932
17,343
17,657
7,586
9,757
9,356
7,987
57
University
of
Colorado
at
Boulder
..............................
Colo.
1
1
28,600
27,624
27,546
28,209
14,665
12,881
21,137
6,409
58
University
of
Connecticut
............................................
Conn.
1
1
25,497
22,471
21,805
21,249
10,571
11,234
15,892
5,913
59
University
of
Delaware
...............................................
Del.
1
1
20,818
21,365
21,380
21,166
9,467
11,913
15,818
5,562
60
George
Washington
University
...................................
D.
C.
2
1
19,103
19,670
18,986
19,356
9,516
9,470
11,507
7,479
61
Broward
Community
College
......................................
Fla.
1
2
24,365
25,738
26,435
26,472
10,304
16,131
7,720
18,715
62
Florida
Atlantic
University
...........................................
Fla.
1
1
12,767
17,704
18,111
18,823
7,349
10,762
8,319
9,792
63
Florida
Community
College
at
Jacksonville
...............
Fla.
1
2
20,974
21,237
20,944
20,530
8,558
12,386
5,551
15,393
64
Florida
International
University
...................................
Fla.
1
1
22,466
28,171
29,720
30,012
12,663
17,057
13,591
16,129
65
Florida
State
University
..............................................
Fla.
1
1
28,170
30,155
30,154
30,401
13,523
16,631
23,811
6,343
66
Hillsborough
Community
College
...............................
Fla.
1
2
19,134
20,311
18,518
17,936
7,669
10,849
3,918
14,600
67
Miami­
Dade
Community
College
................................
Fla.
1
2
50,078
47,060
48,795
48,449
20,096
28,699
15,584
33,211
68
Nova
Southeastern
University
....................................
Fla.
2
1
9,562
13,941
14,951
15,782
5,706
9,245
6,899
8,052
69
Palm
Beach
Community
College
...............................
Fla.
1
2
18,392
18,310
18,032
18,410
6,890
11,142
5,101
12,931
70
Saint
Petersburg
Junior
College
................................
Fla.
1
2
20,012
21,176
20,174
20,696
7,759
12,415
5,878
14,296
71
University
of
Central
Florida
.......................................
Fla.
1
1
21,541
26,556
27,684
28,685
12,686
14,998
16,265
11,419
72
University
of
Florida
....................................................
Fla.
1
1
35,477
39,412
39,863
 
20,748
19,115
33,838
6,025
241
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
216.
 
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
 
Continued
Enrollment,
by
level,
fall
1996
Earned
degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Financial
statistics,
1995
 
96,
in
thousands
Full­
timeequivalent
enrollment,
fall
1995
Full­
timeequivalent
enrollment,
fall
1996
Line
no.

Undergraduate
Postbaccalaureate
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
First
professional
Current­
fund
revenues
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
12,259,417
2,040,838
555,216
1,164,792
406,301
44,652
76,734
$
197,973,236
$
190,476,163
$
151,445,605
10,334,956
10,402,260
 
4,205,151
912,949
113,371
483,712
182,416
30,088
27,500
3
$
81,004,932
3
$
78,591,049
3
$
60,617,294
3,742,828
3,764,942
 
18,396
3,382
 
3,586
714
151
99
371,125
348,471
303,146
20,074
19,865
1
14,113
3,840
 
2,684
1,148
197
186
290,745
278,572
230,524
16,871
16,003
2
10,692
4,582
 
1,556
940
126
252
992,240
920,710
467,498
12,077
12,028
3
15,473
568
665
833
180
 
 
116,306
115,110
107,232
10,274
10,105
4
31,859
10,604
 
5,727
1,962
315
138
534,148
519,690
457,549
34,122
34,793
5
17,348
 
647
 
 
 
 
42,979
38,271
34,708
9,416
9,360
6
21,761
 
1,002
 
 
 
 
60,744
51,119
46,276
11,677
12,028
7
14,250
5,355
 
2,905
1,419
57
 
206,445
193,910
167,486
15,978
15,812
8
27,177
 
987
 
 
 
 
77,805
75,513
74,700
14,075
13,748
9
26,153
8,624
 
4,599
1,374
384
316
761,884
745,243
655,588
30,013
30,013
10
19,786
 
989
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9,990
9,902
11
15,947
1,053
 
3,056
301
 
 
162,182
158,399
146,939
14,991
16,012
12
14,874
1,929
 
2,578
308
 
 
139,052
139,668
132,549
13,607
13,839
13
14,100
3,113
 
3,042
569
9
 
147,494
144,670
140,798
15,203
14,991
14
20,090
3,950
 
3,936
777
 
 
150,404
141,236
135,210
17,432
18,550
15
22,052
5,379
 
4,228
934
 
 
196,488
196,323
184,153
20,835
21,605
16
13,995
4,854
 
2,483
725
 
 
135,339
135,824
128,023
13,801
14,081
17
21,749
5,440
 
3,802
797
 
 
222,196
210,984
196,511
19,452
21,254
18
18,713
4,707
 
3,537
833
 
 
170,609
164,273
158,203
18,301
18,907
19
19,622
 
1,119
 
 
 
 
61,363
64,350
59,401
9,562
9,435
20
26,933
 
1,848
 
 
 
 
133,274
124,794
124,794
13,405
13,484
21
23,697
 
1,215
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,371
12,992
22
18,687
 
715
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,421
10,397
23
15,376
 
641
 
 
 
 
49,850
44,783
44,783
8,128
7,952
24
22,657
 
1,289
 
 
 
 
4
69,612
4
72,976
4
67,455
11,098
11,608
25
16,819
 
1,306
 
 
 
 
51,302
50,387
45,642
8,970
9,012
26
17,971
 
823
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9,611
9,546
27
14,730
 
948
 
 
 
 
4
41,863
4
38,251
4
38,251
8,303
8,358
28
17,509
 
788
 
 
 
 
64,191
62,093
61,586
8,986
8,575
29
15,537
 
641
 
 
 
 
49,771
48,816
48,816
7,597
7,778
30
22,960
 
1,037
 
 
 
 
75,501
70,054
69,378
11,953
12,329
31
21,405
 
1,018
 
 
 
 
4
55,696
4
53,496
4
48,332
11,125
11,195
32
20,509
 
944
 
 
 
 
62,598
61,435
56,045
9,583
10,310
33
21,680
 
1,129
 
 
 
 
67,429
64,443
64,443
11,360
11,647
34
24,611
 
1,397
 
 
 
 
87,825
74,627
70,050
10,162
11,892
35
19,971
 
968
 
 
 
 
4
62,085
4
54,713
4
49,012
9,595
10,222
36
16,583
 
809
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,763
9,040
37
17,242
 
780
 
 
 
 
103,189
90,878
86,851
6,273
8,549
38
20,055
 
832
 
 
 
 
45,797
38,648
33,945
10,173
10,163
39
24,239
5,742
 
4,644
1,378
21
 
241,873
230,851
219,154
24,008
24,779
40
21,049
6,371
 
3,917
1,229
 
 
209,582
210,100
197,713
21,190
21,708
41
15,608
 
897
 
 
 
 
56,572
52,114
47,889
8,183
8,694
42
20,489
5,385
 
3,816
1,284
 
 
204,050
190,845
179,768
20,120
20,239
43
22,068
 
931
 
 
 
 
78,332
73,465
65,779
11,190
11,833
44
22,663
 
1,053
 
 
 
 
70,711
68,221
62,676
10,551
11,578
45
15,517
 
871
 
 
 
 
47,538
47,278
41,803
8,274
8,533
46
6,814
8,940
 
1,719
1,893
585
257
1,974,342
1,884,784
1,146,948
13,980
13,640
47
21,226
8,571
 
5,678
1,601
770
338
942,774
938,027
878,836
28,037
28,091
48
18,874
5,057
 
3,847
565
397
352
1,186,732
1,187,074
692,946
21,652
22,571
49
14,240
3,645
 
3,093
461
185
84
 
 
 
16,606
17,206
50
23,914
11,680
 
5,644
1,975
611
569
1,962,754
1,947,694
1,222,688
33,472
34,399
51
14,623
3,487
 
3,319
384
259
38
1,127,924
1,166,647
813,279
17,783
17,638
52
16,281
2,250
 
4,223
506
222
 
359,017
355,259
309,774
17,766
18,069
53
15,342
12,739
 
3,388
2,716
539
595
1,061,388
1,055,085
819,130
23,690
23,997
54
20,024
5,841
 
3,423
759
196
123
405,166
397,218
342,253
22,088
21,924
55
17,343
 
 
2,142
 
 
 
75,415
75,155
73,430
12,287
12,579
56
21,487
6,059
 
4,105
925
297
152
496,707
481,093
387,478
23,465
23,567
57
14,454
7,351
16
2,839
1,328
239
196
420,917
441,077
375,020
18,444
18,180
58
18,094
3,286
11
3,184
729
157
 
393,076
379,825
324,963
17,859
17,997
59
7,382
11,604
12
1,235
2,996
166
617
774,505
768,431
391,585
14,629
14,411
60
26,435
 
2,014
 
 
 
 
79,218
77,237
69,671
13,419
14,003
61
14,650
3,461
61
2,602
621
50
 
160,800
157,952
143,085
11,708
12,162
62
20,944
 
2,160
 
 
 
 
87,568
89,960
88,322
10,789
10,719
63
23,722
5,998
 
3,748
1,080
74
 
210,555
206,582
183,507
19,290
19,926
64
23,305
6,849
562
5,279
1,264
273
171
402,366
397,675
342,463
26,309
26,244
65
18,518
 
1,991
 
 
 
 
55,435
57,185
53,092
9,687
8,820
66
48,795
 
4,467
 
 
 
 
212,786
208,306
198,393
26,183
26,734
67
3,902
11,049
 
1,016
2,156
447
512
183,029
171,456
159,482
9,425
10,016
68
18,032
 
1,658
 
 
 
 
45,944
45,669
45,312
9,400
9,442
69
20,174
 
2,700
 
 
 
 
61,813
59,414
59,055
11,449
10,678
70
22,767
4,917
236
4,894
1,049
77
 
203,444
194,600
169,978
19,619
20,716
71
30,008
9,855
952
6,087
1,869
434
715
920,618
918,950
849,928
35,760
36,173
72
242
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
216.
 
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
 
Continued
Line
no.
Institution
State
Control
1
Type
2
Total
enrollment,
fall
1990
Total
enrollment,
fall
1995
Total
enrollment,
fall
1996
Total
enrollment,
fall
1997
Enrollment,
by
sex,
fall
1996
Enrollment,
by
attendance
status,
fall
1996
Men
Women
Full­
time
Part­
time
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
73
University
of
South
Florida
.........................................
Fla.
1
1
32,326
36,142
36,266
34,036
15,133
21,133
18,747
17,519
74
Valencia
Community
College
.....................................
Fla.
1
2
18,438
23,569
23,901
24,470
10,132
13,769
8,423
15,478
75
DeKalb
College
...........................................................
Ga.
1
2
13,944
16,073
15,689
15,468
6,118
9,571
5,999
9,690
76
Georgia
State
University
............................................
Ga.
1
1
23,336
24,274
23,410
24,276
9,498
13,912
12,755
10,655
77
University
of
Georgia
..................................................
Ga.
1
1
28,395
30,149
29,404
29,693
13,446
15,958
25,320
4,084
78
University
of
Hawaii
at
Manoa
...................................
Hi.
1
1
18,799
19,769
18,243
17,356
8,339
9,904
12,884
5,359
79
Boise
State
University
................................................
Idaho
1
1
13,367
14,543
15,079
15,433
6,419
8,660
8,236
6,843
80
City
Colleges
of
Chicago,
Truman
College
................
Ill.
1
2
16,460
14,883
15,644
16,009
7,076
8,568
3,784
11,860
81
College
of
Du
Page
....................................................
Ill.
1
2
29,185
29,888
29,698
28,989
12,716
16,982
8,413
21,285
82
Depaul
University
.......................................................
Ill.
2
1
15,711
17,133
17,294
17,804
7,780
9,514
9,819
7,475
83
Illinois
State
University
...............................................
Ill.
1
1
22,662
19,756
19,722
20,331
8,477
11,245
16,227
3,495
84
Northern
Illinois
University
..........................................
Ill.
1
1
24,509
22,218
21,609
22,082
9,640
11,969
15,507
6,102
85
Northwestern
University
.............................................
Ill.
2
1
17,041
17,780
17,623
17,478
9,130
8,493
13,973
3,650
86
Southern
Illinois
University,
Carbondale
....................
Ill.
1
1
24,078
22,418
21,863
21,908
12,371
9,492
17,959
3,904
87
Triton
College
.............................................................
Ill.
1
2
16,759
15,362
17,576
16,799
8,142
9,434
3,804
13,772
88
University
of
Illinois
at
Chicago
..................................
Ill.
1
1
24,959
24,870
24,931
 
11,515
13,416
18,953
5,978
89
University
of
Illinois
at
Urbana
...................................
Ill.
1
1
38,163
38,420
38,841
38,070
20,942
17,899
33,571
5,270
90
William
Rainey
Harper
College
..................................
Ill.
1
2
16,509
15,106
15,041
15,690
6,367
8,674
4,610
10,431
91
Ball
State
University
...................................................
Ind.
1
1
20,343
20,014
19,431
19,419
9,098
10,333
15,976
3,455
92
Indiana
University,
Bloomington
.................................
Ind.
1
1
35,451
35,063
34,700
34,937
16,184
18,516
29,103
5,597
93
Indiana
U.­
Purdue
U.
at
Indianapolis
.........................
Ind.
1
1
27,517
26,939
27,011
27,036
11,286
15,725
13,492
13,519
94
Purdue
University,
Main
Campus
...............................
Ind.
1
1
37,588
36,427
36,893
37,447
21,550
15,343
31,290
5,603
95
Iowa
State
University
..................................................
Iowa
1
1
25,737
24,673
24,899
25,384
14,234
10,665
21,073
3,826
96
University
of
Iowa
.......................................................
Iowa
1
1
28,785
28,052
28,447
28,409
13,626
14,821
21,586
6,861
97
Johnson
County
Community
College
.........................
Kans.
1
2
13,740
15,477
15,073
15,271
6,788
8,285
4,528
10,545
98
Kansas
State
U.
of
Ag.
and
App.
Science
.................
Kans.
1
1
21,137
19,681
19,558
20,306
10,190
9,368
15,514
4,044
99
University
of
Kansas,
Main
Campus
..........................
Kans.
1
1
26,434
25,036
24,874
25,108
12,133
12,741
19,120
5,754
100
Eastern
Kentucky
University
......................................
Ky.
1
1
15,290
15,703
15,137
15,388
6,338
8,799
11,105
4,032
101
University
of
Kentucky
................................................
Ky.
1
1
22,538
23,794
23,431
23,540
11,368
12,063
18,477
4,954
102
University
of
Louisville
................................................
Ky.
1
1
22,979
20,559
20,374
20,283
9,430
10,944
12,705
7,669
103
Western
Kentucky
University
.....................................
Ky.
1
1
15,170
14,675
14,613
14,543
5,839
8,774
10,308
4,305
104
Louisiana
St.
U.
&
A&
M
&
Hebert
Laws
Center
........
La.
1
1
26,112
26,573
27,505
28,686
13,604
13,901
22,049
5,456
105
University
of
New
Orleans
..........................................
La.
1
1
15,322
15,483
15,665
15,833
6,808
8,857
9,347
6,318
106
University
of
Southwestern
Louisiana
........................
La.
1
1
15,764
16,902
16,740
17,020
7,196
9,544
12,658
4,082
107
Johns
Hopkins
University
...........................................
Md.
2
1
13,363
15,765
15,716
 
8,198
7,518
7,581
8,135
108
Towson
State
University
.............................................
Md.
1
1
15,035
14,643
15,105
15,524
5,808
9,297
10,556
4,549
109
University
of
Maryland
College
Park
Campus
...........
Md.
1
1
34,829
32,908
33,006
32,711
17,119
15,887
25,398
7,608
110
Boston
College
...........................................................
Mass.
2
1
14,502
14,729
14,863
14,705
6,708
8,155
11,528
3,335
111
Boston
University
........................................................
Mass.
2
1
27,996
29,132
28,706
29,387
13,034
15,672
23,112
5,594
112
Harvard
University
......................................................
Mass.
2
1
22,851
24,687
24,409
24,328
12,806
11,603
18,166
6,243
113
Northeastern
University
..............................................
Mass.
2
1
30,510
24,605
24,579
24,325
12,399
12,180
14,135
10,444
114
University
of
Massachusetts,
Amherst
.......................
Mass.
1
1
26,025
25,267
25,422
24,884
12,925
12,497
19,870
5,552
115
Central
Michigan
University
........................................
Mich.
1
1
18,286
23,575
24,249
24,747
10,393
13,856
15,583
8,666
116
Eastern
Michigan
University
.......................................
Mich.
1
1
25,011
23,142
22,541
22,730
8,937
13,604
12,813
9,728
117
Grand
Valley
State
University
....................................
Mich.
1
1
11,725
13,887
14,662
15,676
5,800
8,862
9,633
5,029
118
Lansing
Community
College
......................................
Mich.
1
2
22,343
16,404
16,136
15,690
6,890
9,246
4,147
11,989
119
Macomb
Community
College
.....................................
Mich.
1
2
31,538
25,176
24,400
23,574
12,062
12,338
5,517
18,883
120
Michigan
State
University
...........................................
Mich.
1
1
44,307
40,647
41,545
42,603
19,670
21,875
33,271
8,274
121
Oakland
Community
College
......................................
Mich.
1
2
28,069
25,913
24,732
24,223
9,943
14,789
5,006
19,726
122
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor
..............................
Mich.
1
1
36,391
36,687
36,525
36,995
19,376
17,149
33,057
3,468
123
Wayne
State
University
..............................................
Mich.
1
1
33,872
32,149
31,185
30,729
13,509
17,676
14,481
16,704
124
Western
Michigan
University
......................................
Mich.
1
1
26,989
26,537
25,699
26,132
11,476
14,223
16,598
9,101
125
University
of
Minnesota,
Twin
Cities
..........................
Minn.
1
1
57,168
51,445
51,388
45,410
24,183
27,205
23,713
27,675
126
Mississippi
State
University
........................................
Miss.
1
1
14,391
14,330
14,831
15,628
8,321
6,510
11,906
2,925
127
Southwest
Missouri
State
University
..........................
Mo.
1
1
19,480
16,439
16,364
16,468
7,107
9,257
11,804
4,560
128
University
of
Missouri,
Columbia
................................
Mo.
1
1
25,058
22,356
22,519
22,552
10,807
11,712
18,773
3,746
129
University
of
Missouri,
St.
Louis
.................................
Mo.
1
1
15,393
15,972
16,094
15,576
5,963
10,131
5,577
10,517
130
Central
Community
College
Area
...............................
Nebr.
1
2
10,915
11,869
14,903
6,743
6,006
8,897
2,699
12,204
131
University
of
Nebraska
at
Lincoln
..............................
Nebr.
1
1
24,453
24,320
23,887
22,827
12,676
11,211
18,989
4,898
132
Community
College
of
Southern
Nevada
...................
Nev.
1
2
14,161
20,417
24,678
24,728
11,103
13,575
3,368
21,310
133
University
of
Nevada,
Las
Vegas
...............................
Nev.
1
1
17,937
18,842
18,709
19,249
8,540
10,169
9,703
9,006
134
University
of
New
Hampshire,
Main
Campus
............
N.
H.
1
1
13,260
15,466
15,429
15,146
6,481
8,948
11,527
3,902
135
Rutgers
University,
New
Brunswick
...........................
N.
J.
1
1
33,016
33,773
33,862
34,420
15,251
18,611
25,222
8,640
136
Albuquerque
Technical­
Vocational
Institute
...............
N.
Mex.
1
2
9,739
15,225
15,549
16,069
6,581
8,968
4,171
11,378
137
New
Mexico
State
University,
Main
Campus
.............
N.
Mex.
1
1
14,812
15,127
14,750
15,067
7,091
7,659
10,446
4,304
138
University
of
New
Mexico,
Main
Campus
..................
N.
Mex.
1
1
23,950
24,605
23,762
23,956
10,373
13,389
14,065
9,697
139
Columbia
University
in
the
City
of
New
York
.............
N.
Y.
2
1
18,242
19,302
19,603
20,256
10,014
9,589
15,806
3,797
140
CUNY,
Bernard
M.
Baruch
College
...........................
N.
Y.
1
1
15,849
15,433
15,202
 
6,637
8,565
8,752
6,450
141
CUNY,
Borough
of
Manhattan
Community
College
...
N.
Y.
1
2
14,819
16,334
16,772
 
5,811
10,961
10,311
6,461
142
CUNY,
Brooklyn
College
............................................
N.
Y.
1
1
16,605
16,282
15,579
 
5,756
9,823
7,990
7,589
143
CUNY,
Hunter
College
...............................................
N.
Y.
1
1
19,639
18,250
18,772
 
5,178
13,594
9,645
9,127
144
CUNY,
Kingsborough
Community
College
................
N.
Y.
1
2
13,809
14,553
14,758
 
5,598
9,160
7,247
7,511
145
Nassau
Community
College
.......................................
N.
Y.
1
2
21,537
21,737
20,389
20,620
9,495
10,894
10,732
9,657
146
New
York
University
...................................................
N.
Y.
2
1
32,813
35,835
36,305
36,679
15,564
20,741
24,047
12,258
147
Queens
College
..........................................................
N.
Y.
1
1
18,072
17,522
16,633
 
6,151
10,482
8,542
8,091
148
Regents
College,
U.
of
the
State
of
New
York
..........
N.
Y.
2
1
13,303
19,433
18,421
17,348
6,849
11,572
 
18,421
243
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
216.
 
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
 
Continued
Enrollment,
by
level,
fall
1996
Earned
degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Financial
statistics,
1995
 
96,
in
thousands
Full­
timeequivalent
enrollment,
fall
1995
Full­
timeequivalent
enrollment,
fall
1996
Line
no.

Undergraduate
Postbaccalaureate
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
First
professional
Current­
fund
revenues
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
26,993
9,273
220
5,496
1,782
140
86
446,045
443,812
385,384
25,136
25,554
73
23,901
 
2,573
 
 
 
 
70,198
66,611
59,602
13,165
13,620
74
15,689
 
822
 
 
 
 
61,051
60,756
56,597
9,187
9,252
75
16,320
7,090
1
2,741
1,738
128
146
219,058
216,033
213,069
17,112
16,973
76
22,946
6,458
1
4,733
1,195
343
336
696,537
684,745
628,933
27,567
26,909
77
12,524
5,719
 
2,782
1,053
186
122
392,402
442,547
395,190
16,300
14,917
78
13,091
1,988
118
1,264
240
 
 
149,908
120,154
94,168
10,320
10,928
79
15,644
 
515
 
 
 
 
45,246
46,565
46,565
7,381
7,766
80
29,698
 
1,660
 
 
 
 
93,699
86,704
78,300
15,642
15,559
81
10,438
6,856
 
1,607
1,391
16
345
191,304
185,345
166,811
12,623
12,768
82
16,773
2,949
 
3,609
600
62
 
211,358
210,201
171,173
17,477
17,561
83
15,387
6,222
 
3,301
1,350
104
107
254,743
256,138
204,315
18,358
17,798
84
9,654
7,969
 
1,955
2,297
359
474
804,277
765,321
720,326
15,463
15,388
85
17,725
4,138
459
4,627
794
156
173
331,100
332,019
297,438
19,966
19,459
86
17,576
 
805
 
 
 
 
50,414
47,506
43,332
7,748
8,428
87
16,210
8,721
 
2,756
1,414
237
490
934,769
917,400
617,042
21,110
21,256
88
28,540
10,301
 
6,050
2,449
698
271
913,480
893,739
781,997
35,455
35,599
89
15,041
 
1,094
 
 
 
 
70,791
72,730
67,773
8,046
8,112
90
17,029
2,402
230
3,125
765
56
 
250,140
240,558
201,896
17,691
17,309
91
26,788
7,912
66
5,007
1,771
374
276
700,262
700,002
507,609
31,520
31,257
92
19,950
7,061
524
2,130
681
32
587
525,680
518,903
437,541
18,352
18,859
93
30,213
6,680
677
5,122
1,254
508
92
709,611
679,842
582,951
32,887
33,465
94
20,100
4,799
 
3,817
773
287
99
576,501
555,352
447,577
22,350
22,536
95
19,188
9,259
 
3,237
1,317
377
484
1,139,777
1,107,284
576,018
23,946
24,203
96
15,073
 
793
 
 
 
 
74,731
69,053
63,502
8,264
8,068
97
16,168
3,390
35
2,895
666
181
89
278,120
273,626
254,595
17,466
17,076
98
18,141
6,733
 
3,325
1,259
243
184
350,149
338,737
286,970
21,527
21,286
99
13,151
1,986
254
1,714
398
 
 
129,029
128,070
112,544
13,131
12,667
100
17,036
6,395
 
3,003
1,028
236
353
816,300
775,553
522,747
20,567
20,386
101
14,773
5,601
101
1,818
948
69
304
404,343
355,666
314,197
15,726
15,697
102
12,475
2,138
286
1,709
530
 
 
118,730
116,165
103,744
12,125
11,976
103
21,413
6,092
 
3,005
1,030
238
259
463,839
454,169
378,017
23,035
24,174
104
11,689
3,976
 
1,343
509
49
 
109,485
107,229
97,457
11,600
11,784
105
15,148
1,592
71
1,603
283
32
 
115,303
112,511
95,565
14,364
14,267
106
4,431
11,285
1
1,005
2,674
321
114
4
1,514,386
4
1,494,071
4
1,035,936
10,602
10,695
107
13,063
2,042
 
2,474
426
 
 
131,702
128,516
96,881
11,738
12,326
108
24,529
8,477
 
4,691
1,550
466
 
666,723
634,044
547,997
28,116
28,291
109
10,163
4,700
 
2,272
1,020
114
270
353,294
339,105
264,949
12,757
12,815
110
18,319
10,387
6
3,445
3,057
309
594
884,453
848,376
757,880
25,458
25,279
111
10,220
14,189
13
1,803
2,717
528
790
1,518,032
1,520,306
1,334,231
20,764
20,590
112
19,780
4,799
321
2,263
1,340
77
197
4
309,584
4
305,241
4
288,655
18,037
18,215
113
19,467
5,955
94
3,649
949
338
 
506,578
477,358
372,589
21,741
21,961
114
16,224
8,025
 
2,824
1,978
6
 
231,383
216,447
181,892
18,144
18,825
115
17,732
4,809
 
2,955
1,165
4
 
186,410
177,785
151,277
16,824
16,585
116
11,734
2,928
 
1,847
409
 
 
110,309
106,957
93,071
10,889
11,560
117
16,136
 
1,293
 
 
 
 
74,916
67,121
66,322
8,348
8,172
118
24,400
 
2,386
 
 
 
 
85,566
77,105
70,550
12,114
11,857
119
32,318
9,227
 
6,276
1,700
484
300
937,680
879,889
727,490
35,613
36,462
120
24,732
 
1,814
 
 
 
 
116,302
91,025
85,250
12,100
11,629
121
23,590
12,935
 
5,413
2,955
691
713
2,333,715
2,102,593
1,193,178
34,548
34,377
122
18,200
12,985
 
2,700
2,499
230
416
482,502
463,015
445,759
21,413
20,959
123
19,803
5,896
 
3,844
1,380
55
 
270,288
256,042
198,562
20,447
20,072
124
37,665
13,723
8
4,890
2,528
763
685
1,699,323
1,654,829
1,156,238
34,376
34,595
125
11,983
2,848
 
2,092
561
109
46
285,593
280,009
251,181
12,615
13,033
126
14,309
2,055
2
2,189
392
 
 
132,091
128,413
109,601
13,710
13,579
127
17,165
5,354
 
3,234
1,003
248
311
780,809
748,378
449,605
19,866
20,197
128
13,230
2,864
 
1,587
596
25
41
108,943
103,682
94,370
9,648
9,722
129
14,903
 
353
 
 
 
 
27,795
26,487
21,419
4,912
6,796
130
18,954
4,933
14
2,834
781
261
147
427,170
412,160
324,188
21,097
20,866
131
24,678
 
576
 
 
 
 
41,103
43,633
43,065
8,551
10,523
132
14,931
3,778
 
2,051
574
20
 
162,846
167,431
147,708
12,844
13,211
133
12,535
2,894
217
2,406
544
51
 
266,111
255,616
204,808
13,207
13,022
134
25,939
7,923
 
5,040
1,422
416
24
 
 
 
28,172
28,498
135
15,549
 
624
 
 
 
 
58,341
53,580
49,708
7,908
7,991
136
11,874
2,876
111
1,947
655
82
 
253,537
240,769
207,773
12,413
12,125
137
15,726
8,036
48
2,509
1,242
210
192
749,236
740,357
431,095
18,441
17,782
138
7,008
12,595
 
1,385
3,484
404
567
1,216,311
1,158,585
1,111,711
16,911
17,275
139
12,833
2,369
 
1,873
703
 
 
113,407
109,758
109,196
11,734
11,289
140
16,772
 
1,686
 
 
 
 
84,489
81,043
80,620
11,947
12,480
141
10,940
4,639
 
1,450
774
 
 
115,627
112,254
111,049
11,295
10,874
142
14,602
4,170
 
1,538
1,120
 
 
132,659
120,269
119,249
12,495
13,184
143
14,758
 
1,439
 
 
 
 
72,503
70,170
69,416
9,682
9,769
144
20,389
 
2,946
 
 
 
 
122,113
119,346
119,346
14,677
13,974
145
17,060
19,245
420
3,233
4,936
356
792
1,630,825
1,593,755
1,050,225
27,933
28,770
146
13,002
3,631
 
2,025
892
 
 
123,392
117,412
113,361
12,394
11,668
147
18,421
 
2,459
2,737
 
 
 
15,495
14,650
14,650
7,634
7,237
148
244
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
216.
 
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
 
Continued
Line
no.
Institution
State
Control
1
Type
2
Total
enrollment,
fall
1990
Total
enrollment,
fall
1995
Total
enrollment,
fall
1996
Total
enrollment,
fall
1997
Enrollment,
by
sex,
fall
1996
Enrollment,
by
attendance
status,
fall
1996
Men
Women
Full­
time
Part­
time
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
149
Saint
Johns
University,
New
York
..............................
N.
Y.
2
1
19,105
17,393
18,735
18,523
8,473
10,262
12,204
6,531
150
SUNY
at
Albany
.........................................................
N.
Y.
1
1
17,400
15,996
15,973
16,050
7,714
8,259
11,663
4,310
151
SUNY
at
Buffalo
.........................................................
N.
Y.
1
1
27,638
24,493
23,577
23,429
12,571
11,006
17,866
5,711
152
SUNY
at
Stony
Brook
.................................................
N.
Y.
1
1
17,624
17,665
17,316
17,831
8,152
9,164
13,321
3,995
153
Syracuse
University
....................................................
N.
Y.
2
1
21,900
18,804
18,574
18,387
8,600
9,974
13,688
4,886
154
Central
Piedmont
Community
College
.......................
N.
C.
1
2
16,311
15,176
15,239
14,175
6,638
8,601
4,827
10,412
155
East
Carolina
University
.............................................
N.
C.
1
1
17,564
17,923
17,583
18,271
7,226
10,357
14,179
3,404
156
North
Carolina
State
University
at
Raleigh
................
N.
C.
1
1
27,199
28,250
27,994
28,281
16,515
11,479
18,937
9,057
157
University
of
North
Carolina
at
Chapel
Hill
................
N.
C.
1
1
23,878
24,439
24,123
24,368
10,009
14,114
19,652
4,471
158
University
of
North
Carolina
at
Charlotte
...................
N.
C.
1
1
14,699
16,069
15,831
16,511
7,394
8,437
10,450
5,381
159
Bowling
Green
State
University,
Main
Campus
.........
Ohio
1
1
18,657
17,554
16,919
17,328
7,257
9,662
14,720
2,199
160
Cleveland
State
University
.........................................
Ohio
1
1
19,214
15,566
15,447
15,655
7,071
8,376
8,808
6,639
161
Columbus
State
Community
College
.........................
Ohio
1
2
13,290
16,013
16,330
16,340
6,686
9,644
5,687
10,643
162
Cuyahoga
Community
College
District
......................
Ohio
1
2
23,157
22,785
21,051
20,164
7,529
13,522
7,064
13,987
163
Kent
State
University,
Main
Campus
.........................
Ohio
1
1
24,434
20,972
20,635
20,743
8,408
12,227
14,888
5,747
164
Miami
University,
Oxford
............................................
Ohio
1
1
15,835
15,745
16,099
16,328
7,176
8,923
14,636
1,463
165
Ohio
State
University,
Main
Campus
.........................
Ohio
1
1
54,087
48,676
48,352
48,278
24,803
23,549
39,054
9,298
166
Ohio
University,
Main
Campus
...................................
Ohio
1
1
18,505
19,727
19,441
19,564
9,128
10,313
17,601
1,840
167
Sinclair
Community
College
.......................................
Ohio
1
2
16,367
17,344
17,221
17,239
6,578
10,643
5,941
11,280
168
University
of
Akron,
Main
Campus
.............................
Ohio
1
1
28,801
23,640
22,732
22,153
10,537
12,195
13,005
9,727
169
University
of
Cincinnati,
Main
Campus
......................
Ohio
1
1
31,013
28,373
28,995
28,161
14,975
14,020
20,175
8,820
170
University
of
Toledo
....................................................
Ohio
1
1
24,691
21,991
21,692
20,307
10,250
11,442
15,246
6,446
171
Wright
State
University,
Main
Campus
......................
Ohio
1
1
16,393
15,710
14,863
14,994
6,693
8,170
9,899
4,964
172
Oklahoma
State
University,
Main
Campus
................
Okla.
1
1
19,827
19,196
19,186
19,332
10,393
8,793
14,763
4,423
173
Tulsa
Junior
College
...................................................
Okla.
1
2
17,955
18,632
17,569
17,331
7,083
10,486
4,636
12,933
174
University
of
Oklahoma,
Norman
Campus
.................
Okla.
1
1
20,774
22,299
22,359
 
11,906
10,453
15,692
6,667
175
Portland
Community
College
......................................
Oreg.
1
2
21,888
26,540
23,617
23,782
10,623
12,994
5,618
17,999
176
Portland
State
University
............................................
Oreg.
1
1
16,921
15,600
16,660
16,997
7,362
9,298
8,266
8,394
177
University
of
Oregon
...................................................
Oreg.
1
1
18,840
17,470
17,788
17,530
8,540
9,248
15,378
2,410
178
Community
College
of
Allegheny
County
..................
Pa.
1
2
20,553
17,723
16,816
17,154
6,939
9,877
7,003
9,813
179
Community
College
of
Philadelphia
...........................
Pa.
1
2
15,151
17,865
17,233
16,539
5,829
11,404
5,190
12,043
180
International
Correspondence
Schools
......................
Pa.
3
3
20,727
32,560
40,077
 
29,367
10,710
 
40,077
181
Pennsylvania
State
University,
Main
Campus
...........
Pa.
1
1
38,864
39,646
39,855
40,538
22,135
17,720
35,432
4,423
182
Temple
University
.......................................................
Pa.
1
1
29,714
29,028
27,979
27,652
12,552
15,427
18,030
9,949
183
University
of
Pennsylvania
.........................................
Pa.
2
1
21,868
22,148
21,869
21,643
11,000
10,869
18,064
3,805
184
University
of
Pittsburgh,
Main
Campus
......................
Pa.
1
1
28,120
26,083
25,479
25,461
12,307
13,172
18,752
6,727
185
Community
College
of
Rhode
Island
.........................
R.
I.
1
2
16,620
15,889
15,236
15,220
5,725
9,511
4,866
10,370
186
Clemson
University
.....................................................
S.
C.
1
1
15,714
16,318
16,526
16,396
8,859
7,667
13,832
2,694
187
University
of
South
Carolina
at
Columbia
..................
S.
C.
1
1
25,613
26,346
25,489
25,447
10,869
14,620
17,309
8,180
188
Middle
Tennessee
State
University
............................
Tenn.
1
1
14,865
17,424
17,924
18,366
8,037
9,887
13,221
4,703
189
University
of
Memphis
................................................
Tenn.
1
1
20,681
19,975
19,271
19,851
8,316
10,955
12,614
6,657
190
University
of
Tennessee,
Knoxville
............................
Tenn.
1
1
26,055
25,723
25,517
25,401
12,564
12,953
20,006
5,511
191
Austin
Community
College
.........................................
Tex.
1
2
24,251
25,620
25,209
25,850
11,656
13,553
6,497
18,712
192
El
Paso
Community
College
......................................
Tex.
1
2
17,081
21,856
21,340
 
8,493
12,847
6,839
14,501
193
Houston
Community
College
System
........................
Tex.
1
2
36,437
39,541
38,493
38,463
16,861
21,632
10,062
28,431
194
North
Harris­
Montgomery
Community
College
..........
Tex.
1
2
15,653
19,251
19,959
21,044
7,913
12,046
7,010
12,949
195
San
Antonio
College
...................................................
Tex.
1
2
20,083
19,319
19,358
19,594
8,095
11,263
7,188
12,170
196
Southwest
Texas
State
University
.............................
Tex.
1
1
20,940
20,917
20,776
20,652
9,324
11,452
14,749
6,027
197
Tarrant
County
Junior
College
...................................
Tex.
1
2
28,161
25,953
25,273
25,856
10,873
14,400
7,653
17,620
198
Texas
A&
M
University
................................................
Tex.
1
1
41,171
41,790
41,892
41,461
23,157
18,735
37,563
4,329
199
Texas
Tech
University
................................................
Tex.
1
1
25,363
24,185
24,716
25,022
13,389
11,327
20,852
3,864
200
The
University
of
Texas
at
Arlington
..........................
Tex.
1
1
24,782
22,121
20,544
19,286
10,250
10,294
11,403
9,141
201
The
University
of
Texas
at
Austin
..............................
Tex.
1
1
49,617
47,905
48,008
48,857
24,826
23,182
42,029
5,979
202
The
University
of
Texas
at
El
Paso
...........................
Tex.
1
1
16,524
16,275
15,389
15,176
7,089
8,300
9,329
6,060
203
The
University
of
Texas
at
San
Antonio
....................
Tex.
1
1
15,489
17,389
17,547
17,494
8,143
9,404
10,095
7,452
204
University
of
Houston,
University
Park
.......................
Tex.
1
1
33,115
30,766
30,774
31,602
14,694
16,080
19,072
11,702
205
University
of
North
Texas
...........................................
Tex.
1
1
27,160
25,114
24,964
25,013
11,702
13,262
16,365
8,599
206
Brigham
Young
University
..........................................
Utah
2
1
31,662
31,300
31,419
32,161
15,303
16,116
28,420
2,999
207
Salt
Lake
Community
College
....................................
Utah
1
2
13,344
19,568
21,348
23,590
11,132
10,216
7,368
13,980
208
University
of
Utah
.......................................................
Utah
1
1
24,922
27,137
26,358
25,889
13,894
12,464
17,609
8,749
209
Utah
State
University
..................................................
Utah
1
1
15,155
19,861
20,808
21,234
9,678
11,130
12,363
8,445
210
Utah
Valley
State
College
..........................................
Utah
1
1
7,879
14,041
14,756
15,994
7,830
6,926
6,807
7,949
211
George
Mason
University
...........................................
Va.
1
1
20,308
24,172
24,368
23,826
10,587
13,781
11,959
12,409
212
Northern
Virginia
Community
College
........................
Va.
1
2
35,194
37,144
35,337
35,221
16,081
19,256
8,759
26,578
213
Old
Dominion
University
.............................................
Va.
1
1
16,729
17,077
17,800
18,557
7,914
9,886
9,809
7,991
214
Tidewater
Community
College
...................................
Va.
1
2
17,726
16,780
16,199
17,907
6,844
9,355
4,530
11,669
215
University
of
Virginia,
Main
Campus
..........................
Va.
1
1
21,110
21,728
21,488
21,942
10,076
11,412
17,730
3,758
216
Virginia
Commonwealth
University
.............................
Va.
1
1
21,764
21,349
21,681
22,702
8,668
13,013
13,959
7,722
217
Virginia
Polytechnic
Institute
and
State
U.
.................
Va.
1
1
25,568
25,492
26,645
27,208
15,713
10,932
23,624
3,021
218
University
of
Washington
............................................
Wash.
1
1
33,854
33,996
34,368
35,367
17,057
17,311
28,438
5,930
219
Washington
State
University
......................................
Wash.
1
1
18,412
19,571
20,122
20,243
10,156
9,966
16,892
3,230
220
West
Virginia
University
.............................................
W.
Va.
1
1
20,854
21,517
21,743
22,238
10,729
11,014
17,074
4,669
221
Milwaukee
Area
Technical
College
............................
Wisc.
1
2
21,600
21,903
21,903
19,757
9,205
12,698
5,268
16,635
222
University
of
Wisconsin,
Madison
..............................
Wisc.
1
1
43,209
39,005
39,289
 
19,253
20,036
33,717
5,572
223
University
of
Wisconsin,
Milwaukee
...........................
Wisc.
1
1
26,020
21,891
21,525
 
9,665
11,860
13,224
8,301
224
Community
College
of
the
Air
Force
4
........................
Ala.
1
2
29,567
69,611
63,123
 
53,078
10,045
1,267
61,856
245
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
216.
 
Selected
statistics
for
college
and
university
campuses
enrolling
more
than
14,600
students
in
1996
 
Continued
Enrollment,
by
level,
fall
1996
Earned
degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Financial
statistics,
1995
 
96,
in
thousands
Full­
timeequivalent
enrollment,
fall
1995
Full­
timeequivalent
enrollment,
fall
1996
Line
no.

Undergraduate
Postbaccalaureate
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
First
professional
Current­
fund
revenues
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
14,091
4,644
346
2,334
988
40
353
200,980
186,620
181,045
14,452
14,785
149
10,716
5,257
 
2,477
1,290
172
 
238,974
234,637
207,962
13,340
13,268
150
15,571
8,006
32
3,245
1,448
346
488
487,859
497,606
462,460
20,665
20,033
151
11,267
6,049
 
2,377
1,081
261
139
791,413
760,322
389,901
14,934
14,821
152
12,026
6,548
17
2,491
1,498
170
272
427,871
420,798
349,667
15,580
15,573
153
15,239
 
918
 
 
 
 
4
54,605
4
54,782
4
48,552
8,177
8,323
154
14,409
3,174
 
2,683
756
19
67
299,260
285,909
183,020
15,677
15,484
155
21,532
6,462
182
3,592
1,023
325
65
587,046
577,594
499,129
22,380
22,407
156
15,345
8,778
 
3,620
1,352
365
484
981,426
962,316
740,062
21,532
21,313
157
13,148
2,683
 
2,260
613
 
 
146,501
150,029
108,352
12,704
12,537
158
14,435
2,484
 
2,637
730
90
 
216,232
213,773
164,569
15,979
15,565
159
10,655
4,792
 
1,588
1,145
41
257
147,219
141,275
130,168
11,506
11,428
160
16,330
 
1,360
 
 
 
 
61,111
62,150
57,542
9,094
9,260
161
21,051
 
1,583
 
 
 
 
126,713
120,957
114,180
12,707
11,760
162
15,982
4,653
 
2,850
970
157
 
231,758
227,866
178,351
17,491
17,088
163
14,525
1,574
192
3,303
522
44
 
231,671
221,909
162,690
14,830
15,202
164
35,486
12,866
274
6,632
2,265
717
705
1,464,000
1,419,586
936,216
42,850
42,639
165
16,334
3,107
114
3,638
1,030
132
96
282,794
276,377
227,653
18,579
18,315
166
17,221
 
1,286
 
 
 
 
78,964
70,791
64,266
9,795
9,728
167
18,525
4,207
677
2,279
826
131
172
216,988
220,855
194,600
17,400
16,857
168
21,272
7,723
493
2,938
1,198
227
291
573,893
536,761
480,233
23,092
23,612
169
18,187
3,505
481
2,288
676
80
194
222,507
216,540
175,585
18,018
17,788
170
11,069
3,794
 
1,863
832
32
87
182,270
171,085
157,893
12,270
11,808
171
14,588
4,598
 
2,303
568
169
64
4
306,576
4
286,815
4
229,710
16,399
16,430
172
17,569
 
1,513
 
 
 
 
55,880
51,323
45,955
9,573
8,978
173
15,664
6,695
 
2,235
1,019
156
206
294,070
291,221
228,427
18,124
18,204
174
23,617
 
1,102
 
 
 
 
101,842
89,683
82,071
11,298
11,661
175
11,247
5,413
 
1,880
902
35
 
123,940
130,861
116,629
10,858
11,499
176
14,015
3,773
 
2,857
744
146
131
269,386
269,399
217,249
16,029
16,309
177
16,816
 
1,907
 
 
 
 
92,761
88,413
84,001
10,815
10,298
178
17,233
 
1,113
 
 
 
 
72,434
73,746
73,171
9,538
9,233
179
40,077
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
73,468
4
38,827
4
38,827
12,928
15,913
180
33,235
6,620
70
7,661
1,189
510
 
914,538
874,980
757,766
36,786
37,122
181
18,102
9,877
13
3,093
1,608
281
640
985,669
965,842
420,838
22,789
21,892
182
11,508
10,361
20
2,499
2,308
447
594
2,034,420
2,165,743
1,045,436
19,699
19,543
183
16,049
9,430
 
3,046
2,009
358
424
818,010
688,096
638,792
21,606
21,321
184
15,236
 
1,548
 
 
 
 
57,901
57,713
53,863
8,490
8,348
185
12,707
3,819
 
2,501
979
117
 
327,874
319,228
265,293
14,640
14,843
186
15,747
9,742
23
2,961
2,073
267
348
385,759
375,353
332,438
20,690
20,417
187
15,890
2,034
3
2,040
451
14
 
121,312
118,878
105,168
14,681
15,058
188
14,298
4,973
 
2,032
832
113
133
187,785
184,429
163,902
15,737
15,191
189
18,825
6,692
 
3,336
1,545
281
193
507,753
487,064
419,140
21,988
22,115
190
25,209
 
787
 
 
 
 
77,414
81,819
80,982
12,992
12,779
191
21,340
 
696
 
 
 
 
78,010
75,163
74,826
12,000
11,708
192
38,493
 
946
 
 
 
 
140,892
127,981
127,479
20,288
19,607
193
19,959
 
664
 
 
 
 
66,148
67,364
65,420
10,847
11,357
194
19,358
 
638
 
 
 
 
57,823
57,723
57,506
11,087
11,274
195
17,677
3,099
 
3,105
648
 
 
161,298
145,960
110,127
17,188
17,089
196
25,273
 
1,501
 
 
 
 
79,944
80,007
73,592
13,747
13,569
197
34,342
7,550
 
7,131
1,263
574
167
875,755
860,500
769,135
38,981
39,232
198
20,419
4,297
 
3,083
674
147
192
288,410
248,413
204,274
21,840
22,349
199
16,579
3,965
 
2,843
1,097
85
 
180,960
175,456
151,361
16,141
14,999
200
35,789
12,219
 
7,136
2,676
744
536
930,411
894,655
801,035
43,953
44,390
201
13,159
2,230
 
1,752
401
2
 
133,185
129,708
107,589
12,291
11,710
202
14,887
2,660
 
2,276
556
1
 
107,086
100,579
94,438
12,959
13,018
203
22,904
7,870
 
3,613
1,343
209
387
304,291
313,349
276,597
23,702
23,713
204
18,672
6,292
 
3,437
1,168
183
 
211,526
192,349
163,435
19,716
19,667
205
28,595
2,824
5
6,548
1,032
84
155
567,990
493,513
319,172
29,521
29,587
206
21,348
 
1,640
 
 
 
 
80,518
78,028
68,936
11,355
12,062
207
21,408
4,950
 
3,567
896
241
225
882,718
848,086
545,331
21,631
21,100
208
16,703
4,105
73
2,315
684
77
 
263,442
258,980
232,534
15,125
15,638
209
14,756
 
1,355
112
 
 
 
60,077
59,710
52,141
10,624
10,015
210
13,828
10,540
 
2,655
1,766
97
194
213,964
209,998
162,988
16,607
16,692
211
35,337
 
2,358
 
 
 
 
87,492
85,293
84,357
18,534
17,682
212
11,979
5,821
 
1,928
1,256
76
 
148,960
143,116
124,248
12,619
12,857
213
16,199
 
1,149
 
 
 
 
44,705
44,135
43,401
8,709
8,448
214
13,129
8,359
 
3,055
1,302
325
516
969,526
945,079
482,913
19,224
19,127
215
14,612
7,069
14
2,341
1,315
97
253
761,540
736,886
317,042
16,610
16,931
216
20,528
6,117
33
4,031
1,375
378
76
517,902
497,984
414,436
23,588
24,741
217
25,228
9,140
 
6,133
2,007
495
354
1,482,651
1,431,193
991,548
30,370
30,786
218
16,686
3,436
 
3,455
694
151
99
419,519
416,654
362,341
17,972
18,150
219
14,897
6,846
 
2,943
1,315
117
242
388,898
387,764
344,212
18,886
18,811
220
21,903
 
1,356
 
 
 
 
124,867
123,598
113,984
10,853
10,853
221
28,344
10,945
 
5,474
2,040
753
515
1,479,433
1,410,476
1,047,176
35,683
35,913
222
17,032
4,493
 
2,591
1,148
92
 
229,740
234,793
215,690
16,506
16,452
223
63,123
 
11,624
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24,297
22,034
224
1
Publicly
controlled
institutions
are
identified
by
a
``
1;''
private,
nonprofit,
by
a
``
2;''
and
private,
proprietary,
by
a
``
3.''

2
The
types
of
institutions
are
identified
as
follows:
``
1''
for
4­
year
institutions;
and
``
2''
for
2­
year
institutions.

3
Only
includes
institutions
with
reported
or
estimated
values.

4
Estimated.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions,''
``
Finance,''
and
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
246
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
217.
 
Enrollment
of
the
120
largest
college
and
university
campuses:
Fall
1996
Institution
State
Rank
Control
1
Type
2
Total
enrollment
fall
1996
3
Institution
State
Rank
Control
1
Type
2
Total
enrollment
fall
1996
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Community
College
of
the
Air
Force
4
...............
Ala.
1
1
2
63,123
Austin
Community
College
................................
Tex.
61
1
2
25,209
University
of
Minnesota,
Twin
Cities
..................
Minn.
2
1
1
51,388
University
of
North
Texas
..................................
Tex.
62
1
1
24,964
Miami­
Dade
Community
College
.......................
Fla.
3
1
2
48,795
University
of
Illinois
at
Chicago
.........................
Ill.
63
1
1
24,931
Ohio
State
University,
Main
Campus
.................
Ohio
4
1
1
48,352
Iowa
State
University
........................................
Iowa
64
1
1
24,899
The
University
of
Texas
at
Austin
.....................
Tex.
5
1
1
48,008
University
of
Kansas
Main
Campus
..................
Kans.
65
1
1
24,874
Arizona
State
University,
Main
Campus
............
Ariz.
6
1
1
42,463
Oakland
Community
College
............................
Mich.
66
1
2
24,732
Texas
A&
M
University
........................................
Tex.
7
1
1
41,892
Texas
Tech
University
.......................................
Tex.
67
1
1
24,716
Michigan
State
University
..................................
Mich.
8
1
1
41,545
Community
College
of
Southern
Nevada
.........
Nev.
68
1
2
24,678
International
Correspondence
Schools
..............
Pa.
9
3
3
40,077
Rancho
Santiago
College
.................................
Calif.
69
1
2
24,611
University
of
Florida
...........................................
Fla.
10
1
1
39,863
Northeastern
University
.....................................
Mass.
70
2
1
24,579
Pennsylvania
State
University,
Main
Campus
...
Pa.
11
1
1
39,855
Harvard
University
.............................................
Mass.
71
2
1
24,409
University
of
Wisconsin,
Madison
......................
Wisc.
12
1
1
39,289
Macomb
Community
College
............................
Mich.
72
1
2
24,400
University
of
Illinois
at
Urbana
...........................
Ill.
13
1
1
38,841
George
Mason
University
..................................
Va.
73
1
1
24,368
Houston
Community
College
System
................
Tex.
14
1
2
38,493
Central
Michigan
University
..............................
Mich.
74
1
1
24,249
Purdue
University,
Main
Campus
......................
Ind.
15
1
1
36,893
University
of
North
Carolina
at
Chapel
Hill
.......
N.
C.
75
1
1
24,123
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor
.....................
Mich.
16
1
1
36,525
California
State
University,
Fullerton
.................
Calif.
76
1
1
24,040
New
York
University
...........................................
N.
Y.
17
2
1
36,305
University
of
California,
Davis
...........................
Calif.
77
1
1
23,931
University
of
South
Florida
.................................
Fla.
18
1
1
36,266
Valencia
Community
College
............................
Fla.
78
1
2
23,901
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles
.................
Calif.
19
1
1
35,594
University
of
Nebraska
at
Lincoln
.....................
Nebr.
79
1
1
23,887
Northern
Virginia
Community
College
...............
Va.
20
1
2
35,337
University
of
New
Mexico,
Main
Campus
.........
N.
Mex.
80
1
1
23,762
University
of
Arizona
..........................................
Ariz.
21
1
1
34,777
De
Anza
College
...............................................
Calif.
81
1
2
23,697
Indiana
University,
Bloomington
........................
Ind.
22
1
1
34,700
Portland
Community
College
............................
Oreg.
82
1
2
23,617
University
of
Washington
...................................
Wash.
23
1
1
34,368
SUNY
at
Buffalo
................................................
N.
Y.
83
1
1
23,577
Rutgers
University,
New
Brunswick
...................
N.
J.
24
1
1
33,862
University
of
Kentucky
.......................................
Ky.
84
1
1
23,431
University
of
Maryland,
College
Park
Campus
..
Md.
25
1
1
33,006
California
State
University,
Sacramento
...........
Calif.
85
1
1
23,420
Brigham
Young
University
.................................
Utah
26
2
1
31,419
Georgia
State
University
...................................
Ga.
86
1
1
23,410
Wayne
State
University
......................................
Mich.
27
1
1
31,185
Mt.
San
Antonio
College
...................................
Calif.
87
1
2
22,960
University
of
Houston,
University
Park
..............
Tex.
28
1
1
30,774
University
of
Akron
Main
Campus
....................
Ohio
88
1
1
22,732
Florida
State
University
......................................
Fla.
29
1
1
30,154
Santa
Rosa
Junior
College
...............................
Calif.
89
1
2
22,663
San
Diego
State
University
................................
Calif.
30
1
1
29,981
El
Camino
College
............................................
Calif.
90
1
2
22,657
University
of
California,
Berkeley
.......................
Calif.
31
1
1
29,797
Eastern
Michigan
University
..............................
Mich.
91
1
1
22,541
Florida
International
University
..........................
Fla.
32
1
1
29,720
University
of
Missouri,
Columbia
.......................
Mo.
92
1
1
22,519
College
of
Du
Page
...........................................
Ill.
33
1
2
29,698
University
of
Oklahoma,
Norman
Campus
.......
Okla.
93
1
1
22,359
University
of
Georgia
.........................................
Ga.
34
1
1
29,404
Santa
Monica
College
.......................................
Calif.
94
1
2
22,068
University
of
Cincinnati,
Main
Campus
..............
Ohio
35
1
1
28,995
Milwaukee
Area
Technical
College
...................
Wisc.
95
1
2
21,903
Boston
University
...............................................
Mass.
36
2
1
28,706
University
of
Pennsylvania
................................
Pa.
96
2
1
21,869
University
of
Iowa
..............................................
Iowa
37
1
1
28,447
Southern
Illinois
University,
Carbondale
...........
Ill.
97
1
1
21,863
University
of
Southern
California
.......................
Calif.
38
2
1
28,081
University
of
Connecticut
..................................
Conn.
98
1
1
21,805
North
Carolina
State
University
at
Raleigh
........
N.
C.
39
1
1
27,994
Auburn
University,
Main
Campus
.....................
Ala.
99
1
1
21,778
Temple
University
..............................................
Pa.
40
1
1
27,979
Mesa
Community
College
.................................
Ariz.
100
1
2
21,761
University
of
Central
Florida
..............................
Fla.
41
1
1
27,684
West
Virginia
University
....................................
W.
Va.
101
1
1
21,743
University
of
Colorado
at
Boulder
......................
Colo.
42
1
1
27,546
University
of
Toledo
..........................................
Ohio
102
1
1
21,692
Louisiana
St.
U.
&
A&
M
&
Hebert
Laws
Center
La.
43
1
1
27,505
Virginia
Commonwealth
University
...................
Va.
103
1
1
21,681
California
State
University,
Long
Beach
............
Calif.
44
1
1
27,431
Pasadena
City
College
......................................
Calif.
104
1
2
21,680
San
Francisco
State
University
..........................
Calif.
45
1
1
27,420
Northern
Illinois
University
................................
Ill.
105
1
1
21,609
California
State
University,
Northridge
...............
Calif.
46
1
1
27,189
University
of
Wisconsin,
Milwaukee
..................
Wisc.
106
1
1
21,525
Pima
Community
College
..................................
Ariz.
47
1
2
27,177
University
of
Virginia,
Main
Campus
.................
Va.
107
1
1
21,488
Indiana
U.­
Purdue
U.
at
Indianapolis
................
Ind.
48
1
1
27,011
Orange
Coast
College
.......................................
Calif.
108
1
2
21,405
City
College
of
San
Francisco
...........................
Calif.
49
1
2
26,933
University
of
Delaware
......................................
Del.
109
1
1
21,380
Virginia
Polytechnic
Institute
and
State
U.
........
Va.
50
1
1
26,645
Salt
Lake
Community
College
...........................
Utah
110
1
2
21,348
Broward
Community
College
.............................
Fla.
51
1
2
26,435
El
Paso
Community
College
.............................
Tex.
111
1
2
21,340
University
of
Utah
..............................................
Utah
52
1
1
26,358
Cuyahoga
Community
College
District
.............
Ohio
112
1
2
21,051
San
Jose
State
University
.................................
Calif.
53
1
1
25,874
Florida
Community
College
at
Jacksonville
......
Fla.
113
1
2
20,944
Colorado
State
University
..................................
Colo.
54
1
1
25,865
Utah
State
University
........................................
Utah
114
1
1
20,808
Western
Michigan
University
.............................
Mich.
55
1
1
25,699
Southwest
Texas
State
University
....................
Tex.
115
1
1
20,776
University
of
Tennessee,
Knoxville
....................
Tenn.
56
1
1
25,517
Kent
State
University,
Main
Campus
................
Ohio
116
1
1
20,635
University
of
South
Carolina
at
Columbia
..........
S.
C.
57
1
1
25,489
The
University
of
Texas
at
Arlington
.................
Tex.
117
1
1
20,544
University
of
Pittsburgh,
Main
Campus
.............
Pa.
58
1
1
25,479
Palomar
College
................................................
Calif.
118
1
2
20,509
University
of
Massachusetts,
Amherst
...............
Mass.
59
1
1
25,422
Nassau
Community
College
..............................
N.
Y.
119
1
2
20,389
Tarrant
County
Junior
College
...........................
Tex.
60
1
2
25,273
University
of
Louisville
.......................................
Ky.
120
1
1
20,374
1
Publicly
controlled
institutions
are
identified
by
a
``
1,''
private,
nonprofit,
by
a
``
2,''
and
private,
proprietary,
by
a
``
3.''
2
The
types
of
institutions
are
identified
as
follows:
``
1''
for
4­
year
institutions;
and
``
2''
for
2­
year
institutions.
3
College
and
university
campuses
ranked
by
fall
1996
preliminary
enrollment
data.
4
Estimated.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1996''
survey
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
247
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
218.
 
Selected
statistics
on
historically
black
colleges
and
universities:
1
1980,
1990,
and
1996
Item
Total
Public
Private
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
Number
of
institutions,
fall
1996
........................................................................
104
40
10
51
3
Total
enrollment,
fall
1980
......................................................................................
233,557
155,085
13,132
62,924
2,416
Men
....................................................................................................................
106,387
70,236
6,758
28,352
1,041
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
81,818
53,654
2,781
24,412
971
Women
..............................................................................................................
127,170
84,849
6,374
34,572
1,375
Women,
black
................................................................................................
109,171
70,582
4,644
32,589
1,356
Total
enrollment,
fall
1990
......................................................................................
257,152
171,969
15,077
68,528
1,578
Men
....................................................................................................................
105,157
70,220
6,321
28,054
562
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
82,897
54,041
3,214
25,198
444
Women
..............................................................................................................
151,995
101,749
8,756
40,474
1,016
Women,
black
................................................................................................
125,785
80,883
6,066
38,115
721
Total
enrollment,
fall
1996
......................................................................................
273,931
182,063
18,506
72,383
979
Men
....................................................................................................................
110,056
72,929
7,763
28,900
464
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
88,257
57,845
3,657
26,348
407
Women
..............................................................................................................
163,875
109,134
10,743
43,483
515
Women,
black
................................................................................................
135,241
87,659
6,381
40,696
505
Full­
time
enrollment,
fall
1996
...........................................................................
211,940
136,341
9,927
64,959
713
Men
................................................................................................................
87,042
56,756
4,016
25,959
311
Women
...........................................................................................................
124,898
79,585
5,911
39,000
402
Part­
time
enrollment,
fall
1996
..........................................................................
61,991
45,722
8,579
7,424
266
Men
................................................................................................................
23,014
16,173
3,747
2,941
153
Women
...........................................................................................................
38,977
29,549
4,832
4,483
113
Earned
degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Associate
................................................................................................................
3,053
1,285
1,496
137
135
Men
....................................................................................................................
1,111
481
535
43
52
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
474
199
220
29
26
Women
..............................................................................................................
1,942
804
961
94
83
Women,
black
................................................................................................
1,052
313
588
76
75
Bachelor's
...............................................................................................................
29,728
20,187
 
9,541
 
Men
....................................................................................................................
10,884
7,584
 
3,300
 
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
9,087
6,007
 
3,080
 
Women
..............................................................................................................
18,844
12,603
 
6,241
 
Women,
black
................................................................................................
16,305
10,335
 
5,970
 
Master's
..................................................................................................................
5,848
4,777
 
1,071
 
Men
....................................................................................................................
1,881
1,545
 
336
 
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
1,088
850
 
238
 
Women
..............................................................................................................
3,967
3,232
 
735
 
Women,
black
................................................................................................
2,718
2,111
 
607
 
Doctor's
..................................................................................................................
236
105
 
131
 
Men
....................................................................................................................
127
50
 
77
 
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
83
26
 
57
 
Women
..............................................................................................................
109
55
 
54
 
Women,
black
................................................................................................
83
38
 
45
 
First­
professional
....................................................................................................
1,178
442
 
736
 
Men
....................................................................................................................
526
212
 
314
 
Men,
black
......................................................................................................
344
105
 
239
 
Women
..............................................................................................................
652
230
 
422
 
Women,
black
................................................................................................
497
162
 
335
 
Financial
statistics,
1995
 
96,
in
thousands
of
dollars
Current­
fund
revenues
...........................................................................................
$
3,855,794
$
2,037,292
$
96,108
$
1,712,458
$
9,936
Tuition
and
fees
.................................................................................................
942,423
419,116
18,198
501,837
3,272
Federal
government
2
........................................................................................
816,612
322,323
16,992
474,154
3,142
State
governments
2
..........................................................................................
942,577
844,659
49,045
48,406
466
Local
governments
2
..........................................................................................
96,157
80,093
6,793
9,064
207
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
....................................................................
240,160
36,703
170
202,049
1,237
Endowment
income
...........................................................................................
37,014
2,616
3
34,385
10
Sales
and
services
............................................................................................
688,975
284,649
3,651
399,285
1,391
Other
sources
....................................................................................................
91,876
47,134
1,255
43,276
211
Current­
fund
expenditures
......................................................................................
3,744,816
2,003,637
95,818
1,634,808
10,554
Educational
and
general
expenditures
..............................................................
3,112,805
1,738,574
92,034
1,271,960
10,238
Auxiliary
enterprises
..........................................................................................
388,753
265,063
3,785
119,590
316
Hospitals
............................................................................................................
233,460
0
0
233,460
0
Independent
operations
.....................................................................................
9,798
0
0
9,798
0
1
Historically
black
colleges
and
universities
are
accredited
institutions
of
higher
education
established
prior
to
1964
with
the
principal
mission
of
educating
black
Americans.
Federal
regulations,
20
U.
S.
Code,
Section
1061
(
2),
allow
for
certain
exceptions
to
the
founding
date.
Most
institutions
are
in
the
southern
and
border
states
and
were
established
prior
to
1954.

2
Includes
appropriations,
grants,
contracts,
and
independent
operations.
 
Not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;''
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,''
``
Completions,''
and
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
248
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
219.
 
Fall
enrollment,
degrees
conferred,
and
expenditures
in
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
by
institution:
1996
Institution
Type
and
control
1
Enrollment,
1996
Degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Expenditures,
1995
 
96
(
In
thousands)

Total
Black
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Firstprofessional
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
..............................................................
 
273,931
223,498
3,053
29,728
5,848
236
1,178
$
3,744,816
$
3,112,805
**
Alabama
A&
M
University,
AL
..........................
1
5,263
4,137
 
589
382
8
 
63,407
56,728
Alabama
State
University,
AL
...........................
1
5,552
4,952
1
419
123
 
 
56,228
47,697
Bishop
State
Community
College,
AL
..............
2
3,661
1,945
435
 
 
 
 
21,972
20,562
C.
A.
Fredd
State
Technical
College,
AL
2
.......
2
149
87
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concordia
College,
AL
......................................
3
473
454
38
17
 
 
 
2,942
2,407
J.
F.
Drake
Technical
College,
AL
.....................
2
678
335
20
 
 
 
 
4,693
4,549
Lawson
State
Community
College,
AL
.............
2
1,701
1,650
168
 
 
 
 
11,303
10,620
Miles
College,
AL
..............................................
3
1,202
1,199
 
140
 
 
 
9,950
8,808
Oakwood
College,
AL
.......................................
3
1,666
1,351
42
212
 
 
 
23,276
18,593
Selma
University,
AL
3
......................................
3
66
62
1
31
 
 
 
5,036
4,661
Stillman
College,
AL
..........................................
3
1,014
973
 
138
 
 
 
12,497
10,646
Talladega
College,
AL
.......................................
3
633
631
 
131
 
 
 
12,671
11,464
Trenholm
State
Technical
College,
AL
.............
2
695
537
55
 
 
 
 
7,293
7,124
**
Tuskegee
University,
AL
.................................
3
3,175
2,887
 
526
49
 
44
70,736
62,487
Arkansas
Baptist
College,
AR
...........................
3
225
224
3
22
 
 
 
2,061
1,959
Philander
Smith
College,
AR
............................
3
925
874
 
118
 
 
 
6,656
6,200
Shorter
College,
AR
..........................................
4
252
205
30
 
 
 
 
1,524
1,498
**
University
of
Arkansas,
Pine
Bluff,
AR
............
1
3,078
2,794
 
362
11
 
 
37,250
33,067
**
Delaware
State
College,
DE
...........................
1
3,328
2,271
 
326
125
 
 
45,652
38,872
Howard
University,
DC
......................................
3
10,248
8,780
 
1,333
456
84
322
553,976
297,794
**
University
of
the
District
of
Columbia,
DC
......
1
7,456
5,398
280
586
132
 
 
98,632
97,399
Bethune­
Cookman
College,
FL
.........................
3
2,335
2,168
 
230
 
 
 
33,555
29,098
Edward
Waters
College,
FL
..............................
3
429
377
 
78
 
 
 
6,276
5,987
**
Florida
A&
M
University,
FL
.............................
1
10,667
9,527
45
1,463
223
3
30
141,996
129,052
Florida
Memorial
College,
FL
............................
3
1,564
1,406
 
235
 
 
 
16,402
15,111
Albany
State
College,
GA
.................................
1
3,144
2,809
 
321
72
 
 
31,345
26,639
Clark
Atlanta
University,
GA
.............................
3
5,798
5,569
 
525
294
26
 
122,416
116,080
**
Fort
Valley
State
College,
GA
.........................
1
3,024
2,785
8
304
82
 
 
34,196
30,163
Interdenominational
Theological
Center,
GA
....
3
394
365
 
 
22
6
83
6,462
6,414
Morehouse
College,
GA
....................................
3
2,926
2,897
 
508
 
 
 
51,068
43,304
Morehouse
School
of
Medicine,
GA
.................
3
176
149
 
 
 
 
31
56,179
56,179
Morris
Brown
College,
GA
................................
3
1,980
1,883
 
279
 
 
 
25,661
22,414
Paine
College,
GA
4
..........................................
3
829
794
 
54
 
 
 
9,602
8,341
Savannah
State
College,
GA
............................
1
2,822
2,576
 
357
3
 
 
29,299
24,315
Spelman
College,
GA
.......................................
3
1,897
1,802
 
469
 
 
 
42,709
35,654
**
Kentucky
State
University,
KY
........................
1
2,356
1,239
67
192
23
 
 
36,561
33,374
Dillard
University,
LA
.........................................
3
1,543
1,537
 
236
 
 
 
19,322
17,779
Grambling
State
University,
LA
.........................
1
6,701
6,384
58
855
208
8
 
65,548
47,796
**
Southern
University
and
A&
M
College,
Baton
Rouge,
LA
...........................................
1
10,259
9,635
30
955
199
 
89
95,447
83,120
Southern
University,
New
Orleans,
LA
.............
1
4,280
3,923
16
472
140
 
 
21,808
20,629
Southern
University,
Shreveport­
Bossier
City
Campus,
LA
...........................................
2
1,270
1,153
103
 
 
 
 
7,392
7,303
Xavier
University
of
Louisiana,
LA
....................
3
3,526
3,093
 
444
89
 
89
53,337
49,293
Bowie
State
University,
MD
..............................
1
5,067
3,838
 
510
500
 
 
37,734
32,283
Coppin
State
College,
MD
................................
1
3,643
3,418
 
247
111
 
 
26,297
23,701
Morgan
State
University,
MD
............................
1
5,888
5,524
 
705
90
3
 
77,314
65,668
**
University
of
Maryland,
Eastern
Shore,
MD
....
1
3,166
2,237
 
346
54
3
 
39,790
32,672
Lewis
College
of
Business,
MI
..........................
4
223
221
26
 
 
 
 
2,020
2,016
**
Alcorn
State
University,
MS
............................
1
3,073
2,930
29
419
66
 
 
40,535
36,265
Coahoma
Community
College,
MS
..................
2
905
869
94
 
 
 
 
8,518
7,923
Hinds
Community
College,
Utica
Campus,
MS5
................................................................
2
1,351
1,102
58
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jackson
State
University,
MS
...........................
1
6,218
5,874
 
644
166
11
 
78,054
66,642
Mary
Holmes
College,
MS
4
..............................
4
383
368
48
 
 
 
 
7,010
6,724
Mississippi
Valley
State
University,
MS
............
1
2,228
2,191
 
169
1
 
 
25,537
21,444
Rust
College,
MS
..............................................
3
937
871
7
148
 
 
 
11,833
10,306
Tougaloo
College,
MS
......................................
3
981
979
2
163
 
 
 
14,109
13,425
Harris­
Stowe
State
College,
MO
.......................
1
1,723
1,277
 
136
 
 
 
12,157
12,157
**
Lincoln
University,
MO
....................................
1
2,980
684
101
280
85
 
 
29,020
27,039
249
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
219.
 
Fall
enrollment,
degrees
conferred,
and
expenditures
in
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
by
institution:
1996
 
Continued
Institution
Type
and
control
1
Enrollment,
1996
Degrees
conferred,
1995
 
96
Expenditures,
1995
 
96
(
In
thousands)

Total
Black
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Firstprofessional
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Barber­
Scotia
College,
NC
................................
3
440
432
 
51
 
 
 
4,851
4,385
Bennett
College,
NC
.........................................
3
550
541
 
100
 
 
 
12,055
11,035
Elizabeth
City
State
University,
NC
..................
1
1,931
1,435
 
352
 
 
 
31,790
26,966
Fayetteville
State
University,
NC
......................
1
4,609
2,929
42
583
133
 
 
40,071
34,630
Johnson
C.
Smith
University,
NC
.....................
3
1,438
1,435
 
169
 
 
 
24,847
22,012
Livingstone
College,
NC
...................................
3
727
707
 
89
2
 
13
12,134
10,817
**
North
Carolina
Agricultural
and
Technical
State
University,
NC
......................................
1
7,673
6,676
 
1,068
253
 
 
108,827
93,633
North
Carolina
Central
University,
NC
..............
1
5,557
4,563
 
669
227
 
94
63,836
52,968
St.
Augustine's
College,
NC
.............................
3
1,584
1,425
 
212
 
 
 
27,021
23,463
Shaw
University,
NC
.........................................
3
2,262
2,171
13
360
 
 
 
26,277
23,758
Winston­
Salem
State
University,
NC
................
1
2,889
2,201
 
509
 
 
 
34,652
28,451
Central
State
University,
OH
.............................
1
1,976
1,837
 
396
6
 
 
37,644
35,405
Wilberforce
University,
OH
................................
3
897
862
 
44
 
 
 
14,410
11,593
**
Langston
University,
OK
..................................
1
3,349
1,919
 
535
13
 
 
25,169
21,522
Cheyney
University
of
Pennsylvania,
PA
.........
1
1,360
1,262
 
127
88
 
 
25,528
22,603
Lincoln
University,
PA
.......................................
1
1,825
1,688
 
240
70
 
 
27,494
23,825
Allen
University,
SC
..........................................
3
242
242
 
17
 
 
 
3,008
2,749
Benedict
College,
SC
........................................
3
2,138
2,133
 
178
 
 
 
21,983
19,315
Claflin
College,
SC
............................................
3
978
963
 
103
 
 
 
12,635
11,141
Clinton
Junior
College,
SC
3,4
...........................
4
121
118
31
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denmark
Technical
College,
SC
.......................
2
915
853
111
 
 
 
 
6,610
5,992
Morris
College,
SC
............................................
3
911
911
 
110
 
 
 
10,803
9,513
**
South
Carolina
State
College,
SC
...................
1
4,899
4,568
 
699
107
15
 
54,599
42,937
Voorhees
College,
SC
......................................
3
806
778
 
101
 
 
 
9,369
7,859
Fisk
University,
TN
............................................
3
812
806
 
150
16
 
 
15,784
13,713
Knoxville
College,
TN
3
.....................................
3
433
433
4
51
 
 
 
8,295
7,259
Lane
College,
TN
4
............................................
3
679
678
 
73
 
 
 
8,693
6,815
Le
Moyne­
Owen
College,
TN
...........................
3
983
950
 
176
12
 
 
14,614
14,438
Meharry
Medical
College,
TN
...........................
3
733
595
 
 
23
7
109
72,541
67,346
**
Tennessee
State
University,
TN
.....................
1
8,643
5,852
150
794
262
33
 
84,191
77,365
Huston­
Tillotson
College,
TX
............................
3
701
544
 
65
 
 
 
8,716
7,816
Jarvis
Christian
College,
TX
.............................
3
557
540
 
74
 
 
 
10,414
9,260
Paul
Quinn
College,
TX
....................................
3
653
579
 
84
 
 
 
11,231
10,801
**
Prairie
View
A&
M
University,
TX
.....................
1
6,167
5,267
 
640
313
 
 
73,293
60,085
St.
Philip's
College,
TX
.....................................
2
7,181
1,507
448
 
 
 
 
28,038
27,960
Southwestern
Christian
College,
TX
.................
3
199
174
26
5
 
 
 
3,574
3,230
Texas
College,
TX
3
..........................................
3
293
290
1
31
 
 
 
5,755
5,262
Texas
Southern
University,
TX
.........................
1
8,116
6,303
 
581
171
19
229
76,078
70,748
Wiley
College,
TX
.............................................
3
647
560
 
108
 
 
 
8,384
7,707
Hampton
University,
VA
....................................
3
5,552
4,810
 
841
108
 
 
88,680
79,334
Norfolk
State
University,
VA
.............................
1
8,351
6,933
64
1,002
208
2
 
72,619
56,872
St.
Paul's
College,
VA
.......................................
3
675
639
 
156
 
 
 
10,752
9,625
**
Virginia
State
University,
VA
...........................
1
4,006
3,588
 
517
97
 
 
49,075
38,279
Virginia
Union
University,
VA
............................
3
1,551
1,521
 
156
 
8
45
19,250
17,309
Bluefield
State
College,
WV
..............................
1
2,521
152
216
226
 
 
 
13,322
12,285
West
Virginia
State
College,
WV
......................
1
4,545
603
147
426
 
 
 
25,892
21,258
**
University
of
the
Virgin
Islands,
St.
Thomas
Campus,
VI
................................
1
1,730
1,325
31
166
33
 
 
35,750
32,024
1
1=
public
4­
year;
2=
public
2­
year;
3=
private
4­
year;
and
4=
private
2­
year.
2
School
merged
with
Sheldon
State
Community
College.
Enrollment
is
for
C.
A.
Fredd
State
Technical
College
only.
School
reported
data.
3
School
lost
accreditation.
4
School
did
not
report.
Data
imputed.
5
School
reported
data.
**
Land­
grant
institution.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment,
1996,''
``
Completions,
1995
 
96,''
and
``
Finance,
1995
 
96''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
250
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
ENROLLMENT
Table
220.
 
Fall
enrollment
in
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1976
to
1996
Year
Total
enrollment
Type
of
institution
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1976
........................................................................
222,613
206,676
15,937
156,836
143,528
13,308
65,777
63,148
2,629
1977
........................................................................
226,062
209,898
16,164
158,823
145,450
13,373
67,239
64,448
2,791
1978
........................................................................
227,797
211,651
16,146
163,237
150,168
13,069
64,560
61,483
3,077
1979
........................................................................
230,124
214,147
15,977
166,315
153,139
13,176
63,809
61,008
2,801
1980
........................................................................
233,557
218,009
15,548
168,217
155,085
13,132
65,340
62,924
2,416
1981
........................................................................
232,460
217,152
15,308
166,991
154,269
12,722
65,469
62,883
2,586
1982
........................................................................
228,371
212,017
16,354
165,871
151,472
14,399
62,500
60,545
1,955
1983
........................................................................
234,446
217,909
16,537
170,051
155,665
14,386
64,395
62,244
2,151
1984
........................................................................
227,519
212,844
14,675
164,116
151,289
12,827
63,403
61,555
1,848
1985
........................................................................
225,801
210,648
15,153
163,677
150,002
13,675
62,124
60,646
1,478
1986
........................................................................
223,275
207,231
16,044
162,048
147,631
14,417
61,227
59,600
1,627
1987
........................................................................
227,994
211,654
16,340
165,486
150,560
14,926
62,508,
61,094
1,414
1988
........................................................................
239,755
223,250
16,505
173,672
158,606
15,066
66,083
64,644
1,439
1989
........................................................................
249,096
232,890
16,206
181,151
166,481
14,670
67,945
66,409
1,536
1990
........................................................................
257,152
240,497
16,655
187,046
171,969
15,077
70,106
68,528
1,578
1991
........................................................................
269,335
252,093
17,242
197,847
182,204
15,643
71,488
69,889
1,599
1992
........................................................................
279,541
261,089
18,452
204,966
188,143
16,823
74,575
72,946
1,629
1993
........................................................................
282,856
262,430
20,426
208,197
189,032
19,165
74,659
73,398
1,261
1994
........................................................................
280,071
259,997
20,074
206,520
187,735
18,785
73,551
72,262
1,289
1995
........................................................................
278,725
259,409
19,316
204,726
186,278
18,448
73,999
73,131
868
1996
........................................................................
273,931
254,446
19,485
200,569
182,063
18,506
73,362
72,383
979
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)

Table
221.
 
Employees
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
primary
occupation,
employment
status,
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1976,
fall
1991,
and
fall
1995
Primary
occupation
and
control
of
institution
Fall
1976
Fall
1991
Fall
1995
Total
staff
Full­
time
equivalent
staff
Total
staff
Full­
time
equivalent
staff
Total
staff
Full­
time
equivalent
staff
Number
Percent
Full­
time
Total
FTE
students
per
FTE
staff
Number
Percent
Total
FTE
students
per
FTE
staff
Number
Percent
Total
FTE
students
per
FTE
staff
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total,
all
institutions
..................................................
1,863,790
100.0
1,339,911
1,541,339
5.4
2,545,235
100.0
2,094,628
4.9
2,662,075
100.0
2,129,260
4.9
Professional
staff
.....................................................
1,073,119
57.6
709,400
845,456
9.8
1,595,460
62.7
1,244,588
8.3
1,744,867
65.5
1,319,947
7.8
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
....................
101,263
5.4
97,003
98,972
84.0
144,755
5.7
141,718
73.1
147,445
5.5
143,965
71.8
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
.......................
633,210
34.0
434,071
500,533
16.6
826,252
32.5
632,565
16.4
931,706
35.0
677,736
15.2
Instruction
and
research
assistants
.....................
160,086
8.6
28,007
82,684
100.5
197,751
7.8
81,467
127.2
215,909
8.1
89,238
115.8
Non­
faculty
professionals
.....................................
178,560
9.6
150,319
163,267
50.9
426,702
16.8
388,838
26.6
449,807
16.9
409,008
25.3
Nonprofessional
staff
...............................................
790,671
42.4
630,511
695,883
11.9
949,775
37.3
850,040
12.2
917,208
34.5
809,313
12.8
Public,
total
...................................................................
1,329,122
100.0
946,354
1,092,558
5.8
1,783,328
100.0
1,449,398
5.4
1,865,930
100.0
1,469,140
5.3
Professional
staff
.....................................................
769,836
57.9
502,325
601,942
10.5
1,133,264
63.5
868,112
9.1
1,230,006
65.9
910,408
8.5
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
....................
60,733
4.6
58,649
59,579
106.6
84,446
4.7
82,835
94.9
82,396
4.4
80,504
96.3
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
.......................
448,733
33.8
313,367
357,761
17.7
580,908
32.6
446,113
17.6
656,833
35.2
475,208
16.3
Instruction
and
research
assistants
.....................
127,925
9.6
19,076
63,420
100.1
173,560
9.7
70,707
111.2
181,743
9.7
74,040
104.7
Non­
faculty
professionals
.....................................
132,445
10.0
111,233
121,182
52.4
294,350
16.5
268,458
29.3
309,034
16.6
280,655
27.6
Nonprofessional
staff
...............................................
559,286
42.1
444,029
490,616
12.9
650,064
36.5
581,286
13.5
635,924
34.1
558,732
13.9
Private,
total
..................................................................
534,668
100.0
393,557
448,781
4.4
761,907
100.0
645,231
3.9
796,145
100.0
660,119
3.9
Professional
staff
.....................................................
303,283
56.7
207,075
243,514
8.1
462,196
60.7
376,476
6.6
514,861
64.7
409,539
6.3
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
....................
40,530
7.6
38,354
39,393
49.8
60,309
7.9
58,883
42.4
65,049
8.2
63,461
40.7
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
.......................
184,477
34.5
120,704
142,772
13.7
245,344
32.2
186,452
13.4
274,873
34.5
202,527
12.8
Instruction
and
research
assistants
.....................
32,161
6.0
8,931
19,264
101.9
24,191
3.2
10,760
232.1
34,166
4.3
15,197
170.0
Non­
faculty
professionals
.....................................
46,115
8.6
39,086
42,085
46.6
132,352
17.4
120,380
20.7
140,773
17.7
128,353
20.1
Nonprofessional
staff
...............................................
231,385
43.3
186,482
205,267
9.6
299,711
39.3
268,755
9.3
281,284
35.3
250,580
10.3
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Staff,
1976''
survey;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
251
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STAFF
Table
222.
 
Employees
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity,
primary
occupation,
employment
status
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1995
Primary
occupation,
sex,
employment
status,
and
type
and
control
of
institution
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Race/
ethnicity
unknown
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total,
all
institutions
.................................................................................
2,662,075
2,043,257
273,450
109,972
101,818
13,491
77,758
42,329
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
1,744,867
1,400,072
107,025
48,795
75,226
7,354
71,268
35,127
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
147,445
125,569
13,268
3,991
2,649
732
642
594
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
931,706
781,960
46,002
24,187
38,278
3,654
15,224
22,401
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
215,909
135,837
7,988
6,049
13,762
806
43,580
7,887
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
449,807
356,706
39,767
14,568
20,537
2,162
11,822
4,245
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
917,208
643,185
166,425
61,177
26,592
6,137
6,490
7,202
Men,
total
.....................................................................................................
1,274,676
980,448
105,860
50,641
55,078
6,128
51,861
24,660
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
946,134
757,657
45,498
24,784
44,737
3,690
48,732
21,036
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
82,127
71,373
6,123
2,062
1,456
376
392
345
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
562,893
472,998
23,050
13,904
26,340
2,037
11,003
13,561
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
123,962
74,129
3,491
3,108
8,269
407
29,932
4,626
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
177,152
139,157
12,834
5,710
8,672
870
7,405
2,504
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
328,542
222,791
60,362
25,857
10,341
2,438
3,129
3,624
Women,
total
...............................................................................................
1,387,399
1,062,809
167,590
59,331
46,740
7,363
25,897
17,669
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
798,733
642,415
61,527
24,011
30,489
3,664
22,536
14,091
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
65,318
54,196
7,145
1,929
1,193
356
250
249
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
368,813
308,962
22,952
10,283
11,938
1,617
4,221
8,840
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
91,947
61,708
4,497
2,941
5,493
399
13,648
3,261
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
272,655
217,549
26,933
8,858
11,865
1,292
4,417
1,741
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
588,666
420,394
106,063
35,320
16,251
3,699
3,361
3,578
Full­
time,
total
..............................................................................................
1,801,371
1,397,482
216,762
78,632
67,882
9,812
24,815
5,986
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
1,066,510
885,234
74,410
29,282
47,737
4,735
21,337
3,775
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
140,990
120,242
12,657
3,795
2,511
709
616
460
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
550,822
468,518
26,835
12,942
27,572
2,156
10,853
1,946
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
374,698
296,474
34,918
12,545
17,654
1,870
9,868
1,369
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
734,861
512,248
142,352
49,350
20,145
5,077
3,478
2,211
Part­
time,
total
.............................................................................................
860,704
645,775
56,688
31,340
33,936
3,679
52,943
36,343
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
678,357
514,838
32,615
19,513
27,489
2,619
49,931
31,352
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
6,455
5,327
611
196
138
23
26
134
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
380,884
313,442
19,167
11,245
10,706
1,498
4,371
20,455
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
215,909
135,837
7,988
6,049
13,762
806
43,580
7,887
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
75,109
60,232
4,849
2,023
2,883
292
1,954
2,876
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
182,347
130,937
24,073
11,827
6,447
1,060
3,012
4,991
Public
4­
year
...............................................................................................
1,383,476
1,042,710
144,149
53,894
58,927
7,815
58,593
17,388
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
893,345
697,570
52,721
24,200
45,376
3,998
55,591
13,889
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
60,590
51,714
5,771
1,442
1,011
307
141
204
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
384,399
318,839
18,035
9,124
20,768
1,518
10,647
5,468
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
178,342
112,691
6,200
5,094
11,298
727
37,370
4,962
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
270,014
214,326
22,715
8,540
12,299
1,446
7,433
3,255
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
490,131
345,140
91,428
29,694
13,551
3,817
3,002
3,499
Private
4­
year
..............................................................................................
770,004
591,777
83,314
28,828
31,191
1,882
18,011
15,001
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
495,383
402,305
30,203
11,285
22,132
990
15,012
13,456
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
62,314
53,431
5,231
1,556
1,248
145
492
211
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
262,660
220,660
11,357
5,136
11,216
452
4,076
9,763
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
33,853
20,065
1,496
850
2,414
67
6,205
2,756
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
136,556
108,149
12,119
3,743
7,254
326
4,239
726
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
274,621
189,472
53,111
17,543
9,059
892
2,999
1,545
Public
2­
year
...............................................................................................
482,454
386,804
44,133
26,141
11,258
3,539
1,095
9,484
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
336,661
283,455
22,885
12,701
7,383
2,219
617
7,401
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
21,806
18,049
2,109
918
357
239
5
129
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
272,434
231,818
15,936
9,598
6,071
1,625
476
6,910
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
3,401
2,840
267
95
38
11
5
145
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
39,020
30,748
4,573
2,090
917
344
131
217
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
145,793
103,349
21,248
13,440
3,875
1,320
478
2,083
Private
2­
year
..............................................................................................
26,141
21,966
1,854
1,109
442
255
59
456
Professional
staff
....................................................................................
19,478
16,742
1,216
609
335
147
48
381
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
...................................................
2,735
2,375
157
75
33
41
4
50
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
......................................................
12,213
10,643
674
329
223
59
25
260
Instruction
and
research
assistants
....................................................
313
241
25
10
12
1
0
24
Non­
faculty
professionals
....................................................................
4,217
3,483
360
195
67
46
19
47
Nonprofessional
staff
..............................................................................
6,663
5,224
638
500
107
108
11
75
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
252
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STAFF
Table
223.
 
Employees
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
primary
occupation,
sex,
employment
status,
and
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1995
Primary
occupation
and
type
and
control
of
institution
Full­
time
and
part­
time
Full­
time
Part­
time
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
of
all
employees
Number
Percent
of
all
employees
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total,
all
employees
................................................
2,662,075
100.0
1,274,676
1,387,399
52.1
1,801,371
67.7
856,289
945,082
860,704
418,387
442,317
Professional
staff
..................................................
1,744,867
65.5
946,134
798,733
45.8
1,066,510
61.1
590,916
475,594
678,357
355,218
323,139
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
.................
147,445
5.5
82,127
65,318
44.3
140,990
95.6
79,232
61,758
6,455
2,895
3,560
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
....................
931,706
35.0
562,893
368,813
39.6
550,822
59.1
360,150
190,672
380,884
202,743
178,141
Instruction
and
research
assistants
..................
215,909
8.1
123,962
91,947
42.6
 
 
 
 
215,909
123,962
91,947
Non­
faculty
professionals
..................................
449,807
16.9
177,152
272,655
60.6
374,698
83.3
151,534
223,164
75,109
25,618
49,491
Nonprofessional
staff
............................................
917,208
34.5
328,542
588,666
64.2
734,861
80.1
265,373
469,488
182,347
63,169
119,178
Technical
and
paraprofessionals
......................
187,900
7.1
75,996
111,904
59.6
141,677
75.4
59,212
82,465
46,223
16,784
29,439
Clerical
and
secretarial
.....................................
441,196
16.6
54,706
386,490
87.6
348,948
79.1
32,962
315,986
92,248
21,744
70,504
Skilled
crafts
......................................................
64,583
2.4
60,494
4,089
6.3
61,273
94.9
58,160
3,113
3,310
2,334
976
Service
and
maintenance
.................................
223,529
8.4
137,346
86,183
38.6
182,963
81.9
115,039
67,924
40,566
22,307
18,259
Public
4­
year,
total
.....................................................
1,383,476
100.0
676,113
707,363
51.1
986,996
71.3
480,094
506,902
396,480
196,019
200,461
Professional
staff
..................................................
893,345
64.6
497,227
396,118
44.3
576,361
64.5
328,613
247,748
316,984
168,614
148,370
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
.................
60,590
4.4
36,401
24,189
39.9
58,519
96.6
35,443
23,076
2,071
958
1,113
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
....................
384,399
27.8
250,584
133,815
34.8
291,049
75.7
199,881
91,168
93,350
50,703
42,647
Instruction
and
research
assistants
..................
178,342
12.9
102,834
75,508
42.3
 
 
 
 
178,342
102,834
75,508
Non­
faculty
professionals
..................................
270,014
19.5
107,408
162,606
60.2
226,793
84.0
93,289
133,504
43,221
14,119
29,102
Nonprofessional
staff
............................................
490,131
35.4
178,886
311,245
63.5
410,635
83.8
151,481
259,154
79,496
27,405
52,091
Technical
and
paraprofessionals
......................
106,173
7.7
42,790
63,383
59.7
82,351
77.6
34,356
47,995
23,822
8,434
15,388
Clerical
and
secretarial
.....................................
221,378
16.0
26,119
195,259
88.2
185,179
83.6
17,489
167,690
36,199
8,630
27,569
Skilled
crafts
......................................................
41,287
3.0
38,993
2,294
5.6
39,877
96.6
37,930
1,947
1,410
1,063
347
Service
and
maintenance
.................................
121,293
8.8
70,984
50,309
41.5
103,228
85.1
61,706
41,522
18,065
9,278
8,787
Public
2­
year,
total
.....................................................
482,454
100.0
219,665
262,789
54.5
240,511
49.9
107,007
133,504
241,943
112,658
129,285
Professional
staff
..................................................
336,661
69.8
169,416
167,245
49.7
144,782
43.0
73,989
70,793
191,879
95,427
96,452
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
.................
21,806
4.5
12,274
9,532
43.7
20,461
93.8
11,643
8,818
1,345
631
714
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
....................
272,434
56.5
140,912
131,522
48.3
95,527
35.1
51,137
44,390
176,907
89,775
87,132
Instruction
and
research
assistants
..................
3,401
0.7
1,457
1,944
57.2
 
 
 
 
3,401
1,457
1,944
Non­
faculty
professionals
..................................
39,020
8.1
14,773
24,247
62.1
28,794
73.8
11,209
17,585
10,226
3,564
6,662
Nonprofessional
staff
............................................
145,793
30.2
50,249
95,544
65.5
95,729
65.7
33,018
62,711
50,064
17,231
32,833
Technical
and
paraprofessionals
......................
33,042
6.8
12,610
20,432
61.8
20,335
61.5
8,001
12,334
12,707
4,609
8,098
Clerical
and
secretarial
.....................................
76,464
15.8
10,415
66,049
86.4
47,484
62.1
3,004
44,480
28,980
7,411
21,569
Skilled
crafts
......................................................
6,592
1.4
5,743
849
12.9
5,506
83.5
5,055
451
1,086
688
398
Service
and
maintenance
.................................
29,695
6.2
21,481
8,214
27.7
22,404
75.4
16,958
5,446
7,291
4,523
2,768
Private
4­
year,
total
...................................................
770,004
100.0
367,610
402,394
52.3
556,556
72.3
261,741
294,815
213,448
105,869
107,579
Professional
staff
..................................................
495,383
64.3
270,326
225,057
45.4
332,837
67.2
182,356
150,481
162,546
87,970
74,576
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
.................
62,314
8.1
32,124
30,190
48.4
59,394
95.3
30,869
28,525
2,920
1,255
1,665
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
....................
262,660
34.1
165,113
97,547
37.1
157,958
60.1
105,689
52,269
104,702
59,424
45,278
Instruction
and
research
assistants
..................
33,853
4.4
19,509
14,344
42.4
 
 
 
 
33,853
19,509
14,344
Non­
faculty
professionals
..................................
136,556
17.7
53,580
82,976
60.8
115,485
84.6
45,798
69,687
21,071
7,782
13,289
Nonprofessional
staff
............................................
274,621
35.7
97,284
177,337
64.6
223,719
81.5
79,385
144,334
50,902
17,899
33,003
Technical
and
paraprofessionals
......................
47,575
6.2
20,190
27,385
57.6
38,232
80.4
16,557
21,675
9,343
3,633
5,710
Clerical
and
secretarial
.....................................
139,888
18.2
17,884
122,004
87.2
113,708
81.3
12,303
101,405
26,180
5,581
20,599
Skilled
crafts
......................................................
16,391
2.1
15,513
878
5.4
15,623
95.3
14,954
669
768
559
209
Service
and
maintenance
.................................
70,767
9.2
43,697
27,070
38.3
56,156
79.4
35,571
20,585
14,611
8,126
6,485
Private
2­
year,
total
...................................................
26,141
100.0
11,288
14,853
56.8
17,308
66.2
7,447
9,861
8,833
3,841
4,992
Professional
staff
..................................................
19,478
74.5
9,165
10,313
52.9
12,530
64.3
5,958
6,572
6,948
3,207
3,741
Executive/
administrative/
managerial
.................
2,735
10.5
1,328
1,407
51.4
2,616
95.6
1,277
1,339
119
51
68
Faculty
(
instruction
and
research)
....................
12,213
46.7
6,284
5,929
48.5
6,288
51.5
3,443
2,845
5,925
2,841
3,084
Instruction
and
research
assistants
..................
313
1.2
162
151
48.2
 
 
 
 
313
162
151
Non­
faculty
professionals
..................................
4,217
16.1
1,391
2,826
67.0
3,626
86.0
1,238
2,388
591
153
438
Nonprofessional
staff
............................................
6,663
25.5
2,123
4,540
68.1
4,778
71.7
1,489
3,289
1,885
634
1,251
Technical
and
paraprofessionals
......................
1,110
4.2
406
704
63.4
759
68.4
298
461
351
108
243
Clerical
and
secretarial
.....................................
3,466
13.3
288
3,178
91.7
2,577
74.4
166
2,411
889
122
767
Skilled
crafts
......................................................
313
1.2
245
68
21.7
267
85.3
221
46
46
24
22
Service
and
maintenance
.................................
1,774
6.8
1,184
590
33.3
1,175
66.2
804
371
599
380
219
 
Not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
253
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STAFF
Table
224.
 
Staff
and
student/
staff
ratios
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
Fall
1995
State
or
other
area
Full­
time­
equivalent
staff
Full­
time­
equivalent
faculty
Full­
time­
equivalent
students
per
FTE
staff
Full­
time­
equivalent
students
per
FTE
faculty
Full­
time­
equivalent
faculty
as
a
percent
of
FTE
staff
Public
Private
Public
Private
Public
Private
Public
Private
Public
Private
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
United
States
....
1,143,594
325,546
639,524
20,595
321,664
153,545
194,189
8,338
4.2
9.2
3.8
8.1
14.8
19.5
12.4
20.1
28.1
47.2
30.4
40.5
Alabama
..................
32,599
5,113
3,913
103
7,004
2,670
1,393
35
3.2
10.7
5.0
4.4
14.9
20.4
14.0
12.7
21.5
52.2
35.6
34.2
Alaska
......................
3,116
29
169
47
1,016
6
47
28
5.7
11.3
3.5
3.6
17.5
51.5
12.5
6.0
32.6
22.0
27.9
59.4
Arizona
....................
19,732
6,654
1,802
101
4,742
2,939
791
32
4.2
11.5
9.2
8.8
17.5
26.1
21.1
27.7
24.0
44.2
43.9
31.7
Arkansas
.................
15,010
2,037
1,888
94
3,979
950
645
38
3.5
7.4
5.3
3.7
13.3
16.0
15.5
9.2
26.5
46.6
34.1
40.6
California
.................
92,969
42,432
45,518
1,605
29,354
20,832
14,391
605
4.5
13.3
4.4
8.0
14.3
27.0
13.9
21.3
31.6
49.1
31.6
37.7
Colorado
..................
21,434
4,672
4,362
410
7,956
2,090
1,302
193
4.9
8.6
5.0
8.4
13.1
19.3
16.7
17.9
37.1
44.7
29.8
47.0
Connecticut
.............
10,341
2,586
15,072
238
2,987
1,283
5,091
90
4.2
8.2
2.9
4.9
14.5
16.6
8.6
12.9
28.9
49.6
33.8
37.6
Delaware
.................
4,486
775
761
 
1,097
293
388
 
4.6
8.6
7.0
 
18.7
22.9
13.6
 
24.5
37.8
51.0
 
District
of
Columbia
974
 
24,214
 
522
 
5,269
 
6.1
 
2.3
 
11.4
 
10.5
 
53.6
 
21.8
 
Florida
.....................
32,694
21,272
18,977
784
9,456
8,983
5,953
289
4.9
8.3
4.2
6.5
16.9
19.7
13.5
17.7
28.9
42.2
31.4
36.8
Georgia
....................
32,561
7,901
12,200
530
7,835
3,789
4,848
239
4.1
7.2
4.5
7.8
16.9
15.0
11.4
17.3
24.1
48.0
39.7
45.2
Hawaii
......................
5,146
1,436
1,241
 
1,881
868
509
 
3.7
11.3
8.0
 
10.2
18.7
19.5
 
36.6
60.4
41.0
 
Idaho
.......................
5,591
679
363
845
2,000
297
165
358
5.8
7.8
5.5
9.6
16.1
17.7
12.1
22.7
35.8
43.8
45.3
42.3
Illinois
......................
43,829
19,683
40,654
523
11,336
9,074
12,861
220
3.6
9.3
3.6
7.2
14.1
20.2
11.3
17.2
25.9
46.1
31.6
42.1
Indiana
.....................
32,658
3,329
11,968
268
8,955
1,473
3,684
112
4.5
7.0
4.6
10.7
16.4
15.8
14.8
25.5
27.4
44.2
30.8
41.9
Iowa
.........................
17,502
4,805
8,121
117
4,001
1,963
2,834
51
3.3
8.3
5.1
7.9
14.5
20.3
14.6
18.3
22.9
40.9
34.9
43.1
Kansas
....................
15,532
5,272
2,529
174
4,726
2,378
1,074
52
4.6
7.6
5.4
4.2
15.1
16.7
12.8
14.2
30.4
45.1
42.5
29.8
Kentucky
..................
21,006
2,702
4,258
283
6,001
1,535
1,455
118
4.1
10.4
5.4
8.3
14.5
18.4
15.8
20.0
28.6
56.8
34.2
41.7
Louisiana
.................
25,612
1,448
6,190
94
7,847
692
2,037
48
4.9
11.8
3.8
8.0
16.0
24.6
11.5
15.7
30.6
47.8
32.9
51.2
Maine
.......................
4,960
643
2,949
137
1,498
308
882
60
4.6
6.8
4.2
12.1
15.2
14.2
14.0
27.6
30.2
47.8
29.9
43.8
Maryland
..................
20,655
8,437
13,466
158
6,936
3,790
3,723
44
4.3
6.8
2.2
6.5
12.7
15.1
8.1
23.6
33.6
44.9
27.6
27.6
Massachusetts
........
18,867
5,488
56,511
873
5,214
2,502
15,151
361
4.2
8.2
3.4
6.9
15.1
18.0
12.5
16.6
27.6
45.6
26.8
41.4
Michigan
..................
45,738
10,476
10,134
328
14,104
4,936
3,633
133
4.5
9.9
6.0
5.3
14.6
21.0
16.8
13.0
30.8
47.1
35.9
40.6
Minnesota
................
22,480
6,050
8,752
440
5,317
3,242
3,231
204
3.9
10.4
5.5
7.4
16.7
19.4
15.0
16.0
23.7
53.6
36.9
46.3
Mississippi
...............
15,867
4,873
1,575
130
3,168
2,530
563
44
3.2
8.5
6.0
5.6
16.3
16.4
16.7
16.5
20.0
51.9
35.7
33.7
Missouri
...................
23,276
4,983
17,752
743
7,711
2,150
5,819
308
4.1
8.2
4.1
5.3
12.3
18.9
12.5
12.8
33.1
43.1
32.8
41.4
Montana
..................
5,306
631
623
94
1,666
341
209
31
5.2
7.3
5.8
6.4
16.6
13.5
17.2
19.1
31.4
54.0
33.5
33.5
Nebraska
.................
13,760
2,441
4,013
54
3,383
1,015
1,450
38
3.5
8.1
4.1
7.5
14.0
19.4
11.5
10.6
24.6
41.6
36.1
70.4
Nevada
....................
4,544
1,654
137
14
1,628
821
68
5
4.8
9.2
7.1
1.9
13.4
18.5
14.2
5.4
35.8
49.6
49.7
36.1
New
Hampshire
.......
3,681
1,170
5,174
265
1,144
787
1,456
108
6.0
4.4
3.6
11.8
19.2
6.5
12.9
29.0
31.1
67.2
28.1
40.7
New
Jersey
.............
26,971
8,008
11,708
397
6,835
3,208
3,291
159
3.8
10.1
3.8
9.7
15.2
25.3
13.4
24.2
25.3
40.1
28.1
40.0
New
Mexico
.............
12,313
3,163
480
53
2,702
1,239
175
23
3.2
8.1
7.6
18.0
14.5
20.8
21.0
42.0
21.9
39.2
36.5
42.9
New
York
.................
52,989
22,351
104,750
2,644
16,916
10,428
30,515
1,144
5.0
7.9
3.2
9.6
15.7
16.8
11.1
22.1
31.9
46.7
29.1
43.3
North
Carolina
.........
33,513
14,575
26,912
341
8,755
7,957
5,722
129
4.0
6.3
2.2
3.9
15.2
11.4
10.5
10.3
26.1
54.6
21.3
37.9
North
Dakota
...........
5,332
926
404
170
1,831
383
173
34
4.7
7.3
7.7
1.5
13.7
17.7
17.8
7.3
34.3
41.4
43.0
20.1
Ohio
.........................
50,420
9,426
20,436
837
13,807
4,528
7,153
373
4.4
9.3
4.7
10.7
15.9
19.3
13.4
23.9
27.4
48.0
35.0
44.6
Oklahoma
................
15,896
4,411
3,461
393
4,802
1,803
1,231
152
4.9
8.4
5.1
4.9
16.1
20.6
14.4
12.6
30.2
40.9
35.6
38.6
Oregon
....................
15,723
6,733
3,990
17
5,471
2,955
1,585
11
3.4
6.4
5.0
9.0
9.8
14.5
12.7
14.3
34.8
43.9
39.7
63.4
Pennsylvania
...........
52,022
7,414
50,477
3,361
16,146
4,091
16,094
1,174
3.9
8.3
3.6
9.7
12.4
15.0
11.2
27.8
31.0
55.2
31.9
34.9
Rhode
Island
...........
3,327
673
7,174
212
1,013
287
1,796
109
5.3
12.6
4.0
 
17.4
29.6
15.9
 
30.4
42.6
25.0
 
South
Carolina
........
15,904
4,821
4,100
228
5,028
2,173
1,353
85
4.5
7.8
5.3
5.3
14.3
17.2
16.0
14.2
31.6
45.1
33.0
37.1
South
Dakota
..........
4,215
56
1,070
35
1,485
34
414
5
5.9
3.1
5.1
4.1
16.7
5.1
13.2
28.4
35.2
60.2
38.7
14.5
Tennessee
...............
27,278
5,021
17,161
304
6,929
2,240
4,427
150
3.5
9.4
2.7
6.6
13.8
21.0
10.4
13.4
25.4
44.6
25.8
49.4
Texas
.......................
83,986
28,587
21,891
644
20,276
13,226
6,944
263
4.0
8.3
4.2
8.8
16.6
17.9
13.2
21.4
24.1
46.3
31.7
40.9
Utah
.........................
15,447
1,777
4,805
157
3,545
612
1,740
84
4.1
10.9
6.9
7.3
17.7
31.7
19.1
13.6
22.9
34.4
36.2
53.8
Vermont
...................
3,866
266
3,194
176
1,198
157
974
104
3.5
7.1
3.9
1.0
11.4
12.0
12.6
1.7
31.0
59.0
30.5
59.1
Virginia
....................
37,812
4,688
10,216
585
9,250
1,999
3,379
261
3.7
14.2
4.6
6.9
14.9
33.4
13.9
15.4
24.5
42.6
33.1
44.6
Washington
.............
24,840
9,934
5,735
228
6,299
4,940
2,338
100
3.1
10.4
5.4
9.0
12.4
20.9
13.2
20.7
25.4
49.7
40.8
43.6
West
Virginia
...........
10,301
586
1,837
92
3,698
259
570
39
5.4
8.2
5.0
8.4
14.9
18.5
16.0
19.9
35.9
44.2
31.1
42.4
Wisconsin
................
29,113
10,809
14,440
127
7,634
5,795
3,396
57
4.2
5.5
2.9
11.8
15.9
10.2
12.3
26.2
26.2
53.6
23.5
45.1
Wyoming
.................
2,826
1,563
 
141
848
697
 
39
3.5
7.3
 
5.4
11.5
16.4
 
19.5
30.0
44.6
 
27.5
U.
S.
Service
Schools
7,575
88
 
 
2,731
 
 
 
2.4
 
 
 
6.5
 
 
 
36.1
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
....
11,629
1,976
7,802
584
3,797
766
2,722
298
4.7
5.7
10.5
13.4
14.4
14.7
30.1
26.2
32.6
38.8
34.9
51.0
American
Samoa
.....
 
182
 
 
 
98
 
 
 
5.4
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
 
53.8
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
...........
 
240
 
 
 
107
 
 
 
4.5
 
 
 
10.0
 
 
 
44.8
 
 
Guam
.......................
573
288
 
 
212
135
 
 
4.9
3.6
 
 
13.1
7.6
 
 
37.1
46.9
 
 
Marshall
Islands
......
 
32
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
7.9
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
25.3
 
 
Northern
Marianas
..
 
206
 
 
 
49
 
 
 
3.0
 
 
 
12.8
 
 
 
23.8
 
 
Palau
.......................
 
140
 
 
 
35
 
 
 
2.1
 
 
 
8.5
 
 
 
25.0
 
 
Puerto
Rico
.............
10,509
888
7,802
584
3,404
334
2,722
298
4.7
7.9
10.5
13.4
14.6
20.9
30.1
26.2
32.4
37.6
34.9
51.0
Virgin
Islands
...........
548
 
 
 
180
 
 
 
3.7
 
 
 
11.4
 
 
 
33.0
 
 
 
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff,
1995''
and
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
254
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
225.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
senior
instructional
faculty
1
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
employment
status,
control,
and
type
of
institution:
Fall
1970
to
fall
1995
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total
Employment
status
Control
Type
Full­
time
Part­
time
Public
Private
4­
year
2­
year
Total
Nonprofit
Proprietary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
.....................................
474
369
104
314
160
 
 
382
92
1971
2
...................................
492
379
113
333
159
 
 
387
105
1972
.....................................
500
380
120
343
157
 
 
384
116
1973
2
...................................
527
389
138
365
162
 
 
401
126
1974
2
...................................
567
406
161
397
170
 
 
427
140
1975
2
...................................
628
440
188
443
185
 
 
467
161
1976
.....................................
633
434
199
449
184
 
 
467
166
1977
.....................................
678
448
230
492
186
 
 
485
193
1979
2
...................................
675
445
230
488
187
 
 
494
182
1980
2
...................................
686
450
236
495
191
 
 
494
192
1981
.....................................
705
461
244
509
196
 
 
493
212
1982
2
...................................
710
462
248
506
204
 
 
493
217
1983
.....................................
724
471
254
512
212
 
 
504
220
1984
2
...................................
717
462
255
505
212
 
 
504
213
1985
2
...................................
715
459
256
503
212
 
 
504
211
1986
2
...................................
722
459
263
510
212
 
 
506
216
1987
3
...................................
793
523
270
553
240
 
 
548
246
1989
3
...................................
824
524
300
577
247
 
 
584
241
1991
3
...................................
826
536
291
581
245
 
 
591
235
1993
3
...................................
915
546
370
650
265
254
11
626
290
1995
3
...................................
932
551
381
657
275
261
14
647
285
1
Includes
faculty
members
with
the
title
of
professor,
associate
professor,
assistant
professor,
instructor,
lecturer,
assisting
professor,
adjunct
professor,
or
interim
professor
(
or
the
equivalent).
Excluded
are
graduate
students
with
titles
such
as
graduate
or
teaching
fellow
who
assist
senior
faculty.

2
Estimated
on
the
basis
of
enrollment.

3
Because
of
revised
survey
methods,
data
are
not
directly
comparable
with
figures
for
years
prior
to
1987.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
exclude
faculty
employed
by
system
offices.
For
methodological
details
on
estimates,
see
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2000.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Employees
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education,
various
years;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2000;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff''
survey;
and
U.
S.
Equal
Employment
Opportunity
Commission,
Higher
Education
Staff
Information
(
EEO­
6)
Survey,
1977,
1981,
and
1983.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)

Table
226.
 
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
race/
ethnicity,
academic
rank,
and
sex:
Fall
1995
Academic
rank
and
sex
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Minority
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Race/
ethnicity
unknown
Number
Percent
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Men
and
women,
all
ranks
.....
550,822
468,518
69,505
12.9
26,835
12,942
27,572
2,156
10,853
1,946
Professors
............................
159,333
142,819
15,254
9.6
4,768
2,470
7,643
373
975
285
Associate
professors
............
125,082
108,953
14,710
11.9
5,634
2,607
6,119
350
1,179
240
Assistant
professors
.............
129,682
104,037
20,725
16.6
8,011
3,736
8,459
519
4,311
609
Instructors
............................
66,708
55,211
10,223
15.6
4,857
2,530
2,323
513
848
426
Lecturers
..............................
12,874
10,533
1,838
14.9
798
429
557
54
426
77
Other
faculty
.........................
57,143
46,965
6,755
12.6
2,767
1,170
2,471
347
3,114
309
Men,
all
ranks
.....................
360,150
307,498
43,258
12.3
13,847
7,864
20,285
1,262
8,161
1,233
Professors
........................
130,940
117,844
11,987
9.2
3,085
1,912
6,691
299
879
230
Associate
professors
........
85,313
74,160
9,985
11.9
3,214
1,723
4,826
222
989
179
Assistant
professors
.........
73,141
57,580
11,952
17.2
3,897
2,068
5,734
253
3,225
384
Instructors
.........................
33,067
27,239
5,037
15.6
2,154
1,345
1,244
294
551
240
Lecturers
...........................
5,889
4,809
812
14.4
351
193
241
27
233
35
Other
faculty
.....................
31,800
25,866
3,485
11.9
1,146
623
1,549
167
2,284
165
Women,
all
ranks
...............
190,672
161,020
26,247
14.0
12,988
5,078
7,287
894
2,692
713
Professors
........................
28,393
24,975
3,267
11.6
1,683
558
952
74
96
55
Associate
professors
........
39,769
34,793
4,725
12.0
2,420
884
1,293
128
190
61
Assistant
professors
.........
56,541
46,457
8,773
15.9
4,114
1,668
2,725
266
1,086
225
Instructors
.........................
33,641
27,972
5,186
15.6
2,703
1,185
1,079
219
297
186
Lecturers
...........................
6,985
5,724
1,026
15.2
447
236
316
27
193
42
Other
faculty
.....................
25,343
21,099
3,270
13.4
1,621
547
922
180
830
144
1
Based
on
the
number
of
U.
S.
citizen
faculty
with
racial/
ethnic
data.

NOTE.
 
Data
exclude
faculty
employed
by
system
offices.
Totals
may
differ
from
figures
reported
in
other
tables
because
of
varying
survey
methodologies.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Staff''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
255
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
227.
 
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
instruction
activities
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
Instruction
activities
All
institutions
Public
research
Private
research
Public
doctoral
Private
doctoral
Public
comprehensive
Private
comprehensive
Private
liberal
arts
Public
2­
year
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Number
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
(
in
thousands)
...........................................................................................
528
107
32
53
29
94
39
38
110
26
Percentage
distribution
..............................................................................
100.0
20.3
6.1
10.0
5.4
17.9
7.3
7.2
20.8
5.0
Hours
worked
per
week
Average
hours
worked
per
week
..................................................................
52.5
56.4
57.6
55.1
53.4
52.4
51.8
52.5
46.9
49.0
Paid
activities
within
institution
................................................................
42.6
48.0
48.6
46.2
44.6
41.3
40.9
42.4
36.0
39.5
Unpaid
activities
within
institution
............................................................
5.1
4.3
4.1
4.3
3.4
5.9
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.1
Outside
paid
activities
..............................................................................
2.8
2.4
2.6
2.5
3.6
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.1
2.8
Unpaid
activities
outside
institution
..........................................................
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.1
1.8
2.3
2.1
1.6
1.9
1.7
Work
time
distribution
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Teaching
..................................................................................................
54.5
40.4
34.7
46.9
44.5
60.3
59.7
63.7
68.8
60.8
Research/
scholarship
...............................................................................
17.7
31.6
35.5
23.8
21.7
14.0
11.8
9.7
4.5
10.7
Professional
growth
.................................................................................
4.6
3.7
3.3
4.1
4.3
5.0
4.9
4.7
5.8
5.1
Administration
..........................................................................................
13.0
12.9
12.9
13.2
15.7
12.0
14.6
14.7
12.0
14.9
Outside
consulting
...................................................................................
2.7
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.3
2.7
2.8
Service/
non­
teaching
...............................................................................
7.4
8.9
10.6
9.6
11.0
6.1
5.9
4.9
6.1
5.6
Preferred
work
time
distribution
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Teaching
..................................................................................................
49.0
36.6
33.2
41.8
39.4
52.4
52.9
56.1
64.1
54.1
Research/
scholarship
...............................................................................
24.7
38.5
41.7
31.1
30.1
22.4
19.8
18.8
9.2
17.6
Professional
growth
.................................................................................
8.1
6.5
6.2
7.2
6.9
8.5
8.6
8.8
9.8
9.3
Administration
..........................................................................................
8.2
7.8
7.1
8.0
10.2
7.7
9.2
8.6
8.1
9.6
Outside
consulting
...................................................................................
3.3
3.1
3.4
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.9
2.9
3.1
3.7
Service/
non­
teaching
...............................................................................
6.6
7.4
8.4
8.6
9.9
5.6
5.7
4.8
5.7
5.6
Distribution
of
hours
taught
per
week
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
4.0
...........................................................................................
15.0
30.4
36.7
18.9
21.5
8.2
8.2
6.3
6.2
10.5
4.0
to
5.9
..................................................................................................
8.0
15.0
18.9
10.4
9.1
4.9
5.2
5.8
3.3
5.9
6.0
to
7.9
..................................................................................................
15.9
26.5
21.0
21.2
24.9
12.6
14.7
13.1
6.0
14.6
8.0
to
9.9
..................................................................................................
14.6
11.9
7.0
19.0
18.9
19.9
21.9
22.2
6.5
12.3
10.0
to
14.9
..............................................................................................
22.5
8.9
8.4
16.9
15.1
36.5
34.6
34.1
19.8
28.6
15.0
or
more
............................................................................................
23.9
7.3
8.1
13.6
10.6
17.9
15.4
18.5
58.2
28.0
Distribution
of
number
of
students
taught
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
25
............................................................................................
13.1
21.7
33.3
15.9
18.5
7.3
8.3
11.7
5.9
13.2
25
to
49
....................................................................................................
19.9
23.1
24.3
22.2
22.4
15.1
20.4
29.8
14.3
23.0
50
to
74
....................................................................................................
19.5
18.7
11.6
16.7
13.0
20.2
27.8
26.7
17.4
24.7
75
to
99
....................................................................................................
15.8
11.0
8.9
13.7
11.1
19.4
21.2
15.8
18.8
15.1
100
to
149
................................................................................................
18.9
10.9
10.2
15.5
17.6
25.1
17.4
12.0
27.6
16.3
150
or
more
.............................................................................................
12.8
14.7
11.7
16.1
17.5
13.0
5.0
4.0
16.0
7.7
Distribution
of
student
classroom
contact
hours
per
week
1
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
50
............................................................................................
8.4
16.6
25.7
10.3
13.2
3.3
4.6
6.1
2.4
6.6
50
to
99
....................................................................................................
10.6
16.2
18.2
13.5
12.7
7.6
9.9
11.8
4.6
12.1
100
to
199
................................................................................................
21.9
25.8
21.9
22.5
25.3
20.0
27.6
34.8
11.8
25.7
200
to
349
................................................................................................
27.6
20.1
18.4
25.9
18.1
34.0
38.4
30.2
28.2
28.7
350
to
499
................................................................................................
15.7
8.3
4.8
11.3
13.6
20.4
11.8
10.4
26.5
14.8
500
or
more
.............................................................................................
15.8
13.0
11.0
16.6
17.1
14.8
7.8
6.9
26.6
12.1
Distribution
of
total
classroom
credit
hours
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
4.0
...........................................................................................
14.1
26.2
28.6
15.4
19.4
8.0
8.5
11.8
7.2
12.1
4.0
to
5.9
..................................................................................................
8.6
14.7
14.8
12.5
10.8
5.8
6.0
5.9
4.2
7.8
6.0
to
7.9
..................................................................................................
18.3
31.0
25.0
26.0
26.5
15.0
13.6
13.2
8.0
15.3
8.0
to
9.9
..................................................................................................
18.6
15.0
16.1
22.6
18.8
23.6
28.2
24.4
10.7
18.8
10.0
to
14.9
..............................................................................................
24.9
9.5
7.4
17.9
17.0
37.3
34.6
34.9
28.4
29.1
15.0
or
more
............................................................................................
15.5
3.7
8.0
5.6
7.5
10.3
9.2
9.9
41.5
17.0
Number
of
classes
taught
for
credit
Faculty
with
undergraduate
classes
only
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1
...............................................................................................................
16.0
34.4
40.9
20.6
22.1
11.5
11.3
9.9
12.3
13.1
2
...............................................................................................................
23.2
42.9
37.2
34.0
40.8
20.8
21.2
21.6
13.9
19.6
3
...............................................................................................................
23.6
14.5
7.9
27.6
25.0
31.9
31.2
35.0
15.3
27.1
4
...............................................................................................................
20.0
6.1
7.4
13.3
6.5
26.7
26.1
20.7
21.9
25.4
5
or
more
.................................................................................................
17.2
2.1
6.5
4.5
5.5
9.2
10.2
12.9
36.6
14.8
Faculty
with
graduate
classes
only
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
 
 
100.0
1
...............................................................................................................
47.9
57.1
53.2
45.4
46.4
30.3
21.0
 
 
32.6
2
...............................................................................................................
33.4
33.7
38.4
35.0
31.3
23.0
36.3
 
 
36.0
3
...............................................................................................................
12.6
6.8
4.7
13.4
17.4
28.2
30.1
 
 
18.1
4
...............................................................................................................
4.1
1.9
1.6
3.5
3.5
13.3
9.9
 
 
9.3
5
or
more
.................................................................................................
2.0
0.6
2.1
2.7
1.4
5.2
2.8
 
 
4.1
Faculty
with
both
undergraduate
and
graduate
classes
(
percent)
Total
..............................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
 
 
2
...............................................................................................................
42.3
58.9
67.6
48.3
40.5
25.0
17.6
22.1
 
 
3
...............................................................................................................
32.2
29.9
22.8
31.3
36.6
34.0
45.7
21.7
 
 
4
...............................................................................................................
16.1
5.5
7.4
14.6
12.1
25.7
27.6
37.0
 
 
5
or
more
.................................................................................................
9.5
5.7
2.2
5.8
10.8
15.3
9.1
19.3
 
 
1
Hours
that
faculty
and
instructional
staff
spend
each
week
with
students
during
classroom
instruction
multiplied
by
the
number
of
students
taught.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1993.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
256
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
228.
 
Part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
instruction
activities
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
Instruction
activities
All
institutions
Public
research
Private
research
Public
doctoral
Private
doctoral
Public
comprehensive
Private
comprehensive
Private
liberal
arts
Public
2­
year
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Number
of
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
(
in
thousands)
....................................................................................
377
25
17
21
18
47
37
21
166
24
Percentage
distribution
......................................................................
100.0
6.7
4.6
5.5
4.8
12.5
9.7
5.6
44.2
6.5
Hours
worked
per
week
Average
hours
worked
per
week
..........................................................
33.8
38.9
40.3
34.6
37.0
34.7
35.6
33.4
31.5
32.6
Paid
activities
within
institution
.........................................................
11.7
19.9
11.6
14.3
10.7
13.5
10.3
12.8
10.1
10.4
Unpaid
activities
within
institution
.....................................................
3.2
4.2
4.3
3.9
3.6
3.5
2.3
2.5
3.1
2.8
Outside
paid
activities
......................................................................
16.9
12.5
22.7
14.5
20.6
15.5
20.9
16.2
16.5
17.1
Unpaid
activities
outside
institution
..................................................
1.9
2.3
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.8
2.3
Work
time
distribution
(
percent)
Total
.......................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Teaching
...........................................................................................
59.8
52.1
38.7
60.7
42.7
61.6
56.6
61.4
64.9
59.3
Research/
scholarship
.......................................................................
7.1
15.7
17.7
8.7
8.9
8.2
5.9
6.6
4.4
7.0
Professional
growth
..........................................................................
5.8
5.2
8.2
7.5
5.8
6.0
5.8
6.1
5.5
5.1
Administration
...................................................................................
5.8
5.4
12.7
5.1
4.6
6.2
6.3
7.0
5.0
5.2
Outside
consulting
............................................................................
10.4
10.4
11.0
8.6
17.0
8.2
12.4
10.6
9.9
11.0
Service/
non­
teaching
........................................................................
11.1
11.2
11.6
9.2
21.0
9.7
12.9
8.3
10.3
12.5
Preferred
work
time
distribution
(
percent)
Total
.......................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Teaching
...........................................................................................
57.7
51.9
37.5
58.2
40.6
57.0
56.2
58.8
63.1
56.4
Research/
scholarship
.......................................................................
11.2
18.8
21.2
13.2
12.6
13.3
10.1
11.4
8.1
11.4
Professional
growth
..........................................................................
9.0
7.6
9.4
9.7
8.6
9.3
8.4
9.0
9.1
8.6
Administration
...................................................................................
4.3
3.8
9.6
3.2
4.0
5.0
5.1
4.8
3.6
3.8
Outside
consulting
............................................................................
8.6
7.6
9.9
7.2
16.8
7.2
9.4
8.8
8.0
9.2
Service/
non­
teaching
........................................................................
9.3
10.3
12.3
8.5
17.4
8.3
10.8
7.3
8.0
10.6
Distribution
of
hours
taught
per
week
(
percent)
Total
hours
taught
per
week
.................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
4.0
....................................................................................
34.6
44.3
60.5
36.2
52.5
36.0
42.0
36.7
26.7
37.2
4.0
to
5.9
..........................................................................................
15.3
11.1
14.8
15.3
16.4
15.7
13.2
16.7
15.9
16.1
6.0
to
7.9
..........................................................................................
20.0
15.7
14.5
19.5
13.8
20.9
18.0
20.2
22.9
12.9
8.0
to
9.9
..........................................................................................
12.4
13.0
4.6
14.9
6.9
11.6
9.7
8.8
14.6
12.8
10.0
to
14.9
......................................................................................
9.7
5.7
3.4
8.5
4.0
9.7
8.5
9.2
11.6
10.9
15.0
or
more
.....................................................................................
7.9
10.2
2.2
5.8
6.4
6.2
8.6
8.5
8.4
10.2
Distribution
of
number
of
students
taught
(
percent)
Total
students
taught
.............................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
25
.....................................................................................
36.5
36.0
57.4
27.1
48.2
26.2
47.2
50.1
31.8
49.2
25
to
49
............................................................................................
33.5
22.9
25.5
29.4
31.8
33.7
28.9
32.7
38.7
23.4
50
to
74
............................................................................................
16.2
15.6
11.1
20.2
9.9
21.1
13.2
10.1
16.9
15.7
75
to
99
............................................................................................
6.2
5.9
3.1
8.7
2.4
8.0
5.4
3.5
6.7
5.3
100
to
149
........................................................................................
5.1
8.5
2.7
8.3
0.5
8.4
4.0
3.1
4.4
5.7
150
or
more
......................................................................................
2.5
11.1
0.2
6.2
7.2
2.7
1.4
0.6
1.5
0.7
Distribution
of
student
classroom
contact
hours
per
week
1
(
percent)
Total
contact
hours
................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
50
.....................................................................................
18.6
23.8
45.3
13.2
35.4
12.4
27.6
27.2
11.6
30.3
50
to
99
............................................................................................
26.8
18.9
34.6
21.8
28.5
24.0
30.0
33.3
27.8
20.2
100
to
199
........................................................................................
30.3
25.0
9.5
35.7
22.1
36.9
25.5
25.6
33.6
24.7
200
to
349
........................................................................................
15.4
14.4
7.7
17.6
4.5
14.8
9.6
8.9
18.8
18.0
350
to
499
........................................................................................
4.6
6.7
2.7
5.0
2.1
6.7
2.7
4.0
4.6
4.5
500
or
more
......................................................................................
4.4
11.1
0.2
6.6
7.5
5.2
4.7
1.1
3.7
2.3
Distribution
of
total
classroom
credit
hours
(
percent)
Total
credit
hours
..................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
4.0
....................................................................................
40.3
48.7
51.5
36.9
54.6
39.9
48.5
47.8
35.1
37.3
4.0
to
5.9
..........................................................................................
15.7
12.8
27.8
17.2
10.9
13.7
9.6
14.2
16.4
21.9
6.0
to
7.9
..........................................................................................
21.5
16.8
8.9
21.6
16.8
24.9
20.9
18.8
23.8
17.2
8.0
to
9.9
..........................................................................................
12.4
16.9
5.5
9.3
11.5
13.9
8.9
9.5
13.4
13.7
10.0
to
14.9
......................................................................................
6.9
3.2
6.3
8.1
4.3
5.4
7.9
7.3
8.0
5.2
15.0
or
more
.....................................................................................
3.2
1.6
(
2)
7.0
2.0
2.3
4.4
2.5
3.3
4.7
Number
of
classes
taught
for
credit
Faculty
with
undergraduate
classes
only
(
percent)
Total
undergraduate
credit
courses
.....................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1
........................................................................................................
50.2
49.4
69.1
48.6
61.6
49.6
54.5
50.7
48.1
52.4
2
........................................................................................................
32.0
26.7
26.1
34.8
27.0
32.6
28.0
30.8
33.8
28.3
3
........................................................................................................
11.2
12.8
0.8
11.0
8.5
12.5
10.7
9.3
11.6
12.1
4
........................................................................................................
4.0
6.6
4.0
4.6
1.5
3.6
4.0
4.1
3.8
5.6
5
or
more
..........................................................................................
2.6
4.5
(
2)
1.1
1.5
1.7
3.0
5.2
2.8
1.6
Faculty
with
graduate
classes
only
(
percent)
Total
graduate
credit
courses
..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
 
 
100.0
1
........................................................................................................
72.4
70.5
77.6
62.7
72.9
57.6
74.5
 
 
84.1
2
........................................................................................................
18.0
13.1
14.5
33.0
16.1
33.2
18.9
 
 
6.3
3
........................................................................................................
7.1
12.8
5.9
4.1
8.7
8.1
3.1
 
 
5.7
4
........................................................................................................
1.3
0.9
2.0
(
2)
1.4
1.0
1.4
 
 
1.8
5
or
more
..........................................................................................
1.2
2.7
(
2)
0.2
1.0
(
2)
2.1
 
 
2.2
Faculty
with
both
undergraduate
and
graduate
classes
(
percent)
Total
graduate
and
undergraduate
courses
........................................
100.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
........................................................................................................
48.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3
........................................................................................................
35.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4
........................................................................................................
10.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
or
more
..........................................................................................
5.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Hours
that
faculty
and
instructional
staff
spend
each
week
with
students
during
classroom
instruction
multiplied
by
the
number
of
students
taught.

2
Less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1993.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
257
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
229.
 
Percentage
distribution
of
full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
program
area,
race/
ethnicity,
and
sex:
Fall
1992
Program
area
Number
Percent
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
Total
...................................................................................
528,260
100.0
58.0
28.4
2.7
2.4
1.8
0.9
3.9
1.3
0.3
0.2
Agriculture
and
home
economics
.........................................
11,366
100.0
70.4
20.3
2.3
1.6
1.6
0.2
1.0
1.9
 
0.7
Business
...............................................................................
39,928
100.0
61.3
27.2
2.0
2.2
1.0
0.6
3.9
0.8
0.6
0.3
Communications
...................................................................
10,296
100.0
55.9
30.4
2.9
2.7
1.5
 
4.3
1.2
0.8
0.3
Education
..............................................................................
37,066
100.0
42.8
41.9
4.0
5.4
1.0
2.4
0.5
1.1
0.7
0.3
Teacher
education
............................................................
12,490
100.0
39.8
50.3
2.1
4.9
0.1
0.7
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.2
Other
education
................................................................
24,576
100.0
44.4
37.6
4.9
5.7
1.4
3.3
0.6
1.1
0.8
0.3
Engineering
...........................................................................
24,431
100.0
72.7
3.9
2.1
0.7
2.9
0.2
15.5
1.3
0.7
 
Fine
arts
................................................................................
31,659
100.0
59.6
29.0
3.8
1.9
2.1
0.3
1.2
1.5
0.3
0.2
Health
sciences
....................................................................
79,422
100.0
42.1
43.8
2.3
3.4
1.5
0.7
3.9
2.2
0.1
0.1
First­
professional
...............................................................
36,867
100.0
63.3
19.0
3.6
1.0
2.8
0.9
7.2
2.1
0.2
 
Nursing
..............................................................................
21,776
100.0
0.9
87.5
0.5
7.1
 
0.9
0.1
2.9
 
0.2
Other
health
sciences
.......................................................
20,779
100.0
47.5
42.0
1.8
3.7
0.9
0.3
2.0
1.5
0.2
0.2
Humanities
............................................................................
73,923
100.0
52.8
35.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.2
1.9
0.3
0.1
English
and
literature
........................................................
37,432
100.0
44.5
45.5
2.2
2.9
1.3
1.0
0.8
1.2
0.5
0.1
Foreign
languages
............................................................
13,722
100.0
39.5
36.8
1.2
0.6
5.7
7.5
1.8
6.4
 
0.4
History
...............................................................................
14,574
100.0
70.2
20.2
3.0
2.3
1.3
0.4
1.7
0.4
0.3
 
Philosophy
.........................................................................
8,195
100.0
82.1
12.5
1.7
0.2
1.2
0.3
1.5
0.2
0.2
 
Law
.......................................................................................
8,524
100.0
57.6
30.1
5.4
3.0
1.2
1.0
0.2
1.4
 
 
Natural
sciences
...................................................................
101,505
100.0
68.2
17.6
2.6
1.0
1.6
0.4
7.3
1.0
0.2
0.1
Biological
sciences
............................................................
34,289
100.0
67.1
20.8
3.2
1.5
1.1
0.5
4.5
0.9
0.3
0.1
Physical
sciences
..............................................................
28,313
100.0
76.7
10.2
2.2
0.3
2.0
0.1
7.7
0.9
 
 
Mathematics
......................................................................
25,325
100.0
61.3
21.6
2.7
1.0
1.7
0.6
9.1
1.2
0.5
0.4
Computer
sciences
...........................................................
13,578
100.0
65.8
17.8
2.1
1.3
1.7
0.1
10.3
0.8
 
 
Social
sciences
.....................................................................
58,232
100.0
64.6
22.7
3.1
3.1
1.9
0.8
2.6
0.7
0.3
0.2
Economics
.........................................................................
9,778
100.0
69.8
12.3
3.9
0.3
3.0
1.1
7.8
1.7
 
 
Political
science
................................................................
9,324
100.0
75.0
14.8
3.6
1.9
2.7
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.1
 
Psychology
........................................................................
17,784
100.0
56.9
32.3
2.3
4.3
1.5
0.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
Sociology
...........................................................................
9,511
100.0
67.4
20.6
2.7
3.3
2.3
0.5
1.3
0.8
0.9
 
Other
social
sciences
........................................................
11,835
100.0
61.3
25.0
3.4
4.3
0.8
1.1
2.7
0.6
0.3
0.6
Occupationally
specific
programs
.........................................
15,268
100.0
75.7
13.8
3.6
0.9
2.9
0.3
1.9
0.2
0.5
0.2
All
other
programs
................................................................
27,717
100.0
57.4
30.7
2.8
3.4
2.0
0.6
2.2
0.6
 
0.1
Part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
Total
...................................................................................
376,675
100.0
48.6
39.8
2.7
2.1
1.8
1.1
1.9
1.4
0.4
0.2
Agriculture
and
home
economics
.........................................
2,758
100.0
46.9
52.0
 
 
1.1
 
 
 
 
 
Business
...............................................................................
34,679
100.0
63.6
25.9
3.3
1.9
2.0
0.7
1.0
1.1
0.2
0.4
Communications
...................................................................
10,307
100.0
43.2
49.9
4.0
0.9
 
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.1
Education
..............................................................................
30,758
100.0
28.9
58.8
2.5
5.5
0.7
1.3
0.4
1.1
0.3
0.6
Teacher
education
............................................................
12,390
100.0
20.0
68.5
2.3
6.6
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.8
 
 
Other
education
................................................................
18,368
100.0
34.9
52.2
2.7
4.8
0.7
1.6
0.3
1.3
0.5
1.0
Engineering
...........................................................................
11,632
100.0
79.3
7.2
1.9
 
2.0
 
6.8
0.8
1.9
 
Fine
arts
................................................................................
32,814
100.0
46.2
43.1
3.4
1.8
1.3
1.3
0.4
1.9
0.5
0.2
Health
sciences
....................................................................
44,763
100.0
36.8
51.4
3.0
2.6
1.0
0.7
2.3
1.7
0.4
0.1
First­
professional
...............................................................
17,710
100.0
57.6
27.7
6.1
1.1
0.6
0.3
4.9
1.8
 
 
Nursing
..............................................................................
10,498
100.0
5.4
84.0
 
6.6
 
0.9
 
2.4
 
0.6
Other
health
sciences
.......................................................
16,555
100.0
34.5
56.0
1.7
1.8
2.0
0.9
0.9
1.2
1.1
 
Humanities
............................................................................
60,041
100.0
35.8
51.5
1.1
2.2
2.7
3.1
1.1
1.7
0.3
0.5
English
and
literature
........................................................
37,395
100.0
29.4
60.9
0.6
2.9
2.0
1.5
0.6
1.2
0.4
0.6
Foreign
languages
............................................................
10,566
100.0
27.0
44.7
1.1
1.7
5.9
12.1
2.2
4.9
 
0.5
History
...............................................................................
7,812
100.0
61.9
30.7
2.9
0.7
1.7
0.2
1.5
 
0.3
 
Philosophy
.........................................................................
4,268
100.0
66.3
24.6
2.6
0.3
2.7
 
2.3
1.2
 
 
Law
.......................................................................................
13,552
100.0
68.2
23.6
3.7
2.7
0.3
0.2
1.3
 
 
 
Natural
sciences
...................................................................
60,242
100.0
58.3
29.2
3.1
1.0
2.1
0.4
3.6
1.6
0.7
(
1)
Biological
sciences
............................................................
11,747
100.0
50.3
37.4
3.2
1.1
2.1
0.6
1.8
3.5
 
 
Physical
sciences
..............................................................
10,626
100.0
67.6
21.2
1.5
0.4
1.1
0.9
5.5
1.9
 
 
Mathematics
......................................................................
24,559
100.0
52.8
34.5
4.6
0.9
2.4
0.2
3.4
0.7
0.4
0.1
Computer
sciences
...........................................................
13,310
100.0
68.2
18.4
1.7
1.4
2.3
0.3
4.0
1.2
2.4
 
Social
sciences
.....................................................................
33,854
100.0
48.8
38.3
3.7
2.9
1.8
0.9
2.2
0.9
0.4
0.1
Economics
.........................................................................
3,038
100.0
69.0
13.8
1.7
1.0
2.7
 
9.1
2.5
 
 
Political
science
................................................................
3,055
100.0
72.4
18.6
4.6
0.4
3.4
0.5
 
 
 
 
Psychology
........................................................................
15,617
100.0
45.6
45.7
2.5
1.5
1.5
0.5
2.0
0.3
0.2
0.3
Sociology
...........................................................................
4,384
100.0
33.2
52.5
6.3
4.0
1.2
0.2
1.5
1.0
 
 
Other
social
sciences
........................................................
7,760
100.0
47.0
32.8
4.9
7.0
1.7
2.4
1.0
1.9
1.2
 
Occupationally
specific
programs
.........................................
16,490
100.0
71.2
18.0
3.5
0.8
5.1
 
1.3
 
0.1
 
All
other
programs
................................................................
19,769
100.0
44.7
43.5
1.9
1.5
2.3
1.6
2.4
2.1
 
 
1
Less
than
0.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding
and
nonresponse
to
program
area
question,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1993.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
258
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
230.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
selected
characteristics
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
Selected
characteristics
Number
in
thousands
Percent
total
Public
research
Private
research
Public
doctoral
Private
doctoral
Public
comprehensive
Private
comprehensive
Private
liberal
arts
Public
2­
year
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
Total
(
in
thousands)
...................................................
528
 
107
32
53
29
94
39
38
110
26
Percent
........................................................................
 
100.0
20.3
6.1
10.0
5.4
17.9
7.3
7.2
20.8
5.0
Percentage
distribution
Total
.............................................................................
 
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Sex
Male
................................................................................
353
66.8
76.7
69.1
69.9
76.4
66.1
64.9
61.1
54.7
70.5
Female
............................................................................
176
33.2
23.3
30.9
30.1
23.6
33.9
35.2
38.9
45.3
29.5
Race
White,
non­
Hispanic
........................................................
457
86.5
88.0
83.7
87.5
84.1
82.7
91.3
90.0
85.5
89.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................................................
27
5.2
2.8
5.0
3.1
4.9
9.1
3.5
5.4
6.2
3.7
Hispanic
..........................................................................
14
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.5
3.7
2.6
1.6
1.3
4.1
1.4
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.....................................................
28
5.2
6.9
9.0
6.1
7.1
5.1
3.3
2.8
3.3
5.2
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
....................................
3
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
1.0
0.5
Age
29
or
younger
.................................................................
8
1.4
1.0
1.8
1.2
0.6
1.5
1.4
2.1
1.7
2.0
30
to
34
..........................................................................
35
6.7
7.2
7.8
8.4
9.2
5.9
7.0
7.0
5.3
5.1
35
to
39
..........................................................................
67
12.6
14.3
20.4
14.4
15.4
10.6
10.4
13.9
9.8
10.8
40
to
44
..........................................................................
90
17.1
18.1
19.9
17.4
17.9
15.1
16.4
17.4
16.8
16.5
45
to
49
..........................................................................
98
18.5
17.0
15.3
16.8
19.7
18.8
18.9
19.7
20.8
17.8
50
to
54
..........................................................................
95
18.0
15.9
11.5
17.4
12.8
21.5
16.7
14.7
21.9
18.2
55
to
59
..........................................................................
67
12.7
12.8
9.1
11.7
10.0
14.4
12.8
11.9
13.5
14.4
60
to
64
..........................................................................
45
8.4
8.9
8.3
8.2
8.0
8.2
11.3
8.5
7.1
9.6
65
or
older
......................................................................
24
4.5
4.8
5.9
4.5
6.5
3.9
5.1
4.8
3.2
5.8
Highest
degree
Doctoral
..........................................................................
284
54.0
70.8
63.7
62.6
58.2
68.1
60.8
58.4
16.6
40.7
Professional
....................................................................
58
11.1
17.0
24.9
20.1
29.4
4.3
7.7
3.2
2.3
9.7
Master's
..........................................................................
156
29.7
10.6
10.2
16.0
10.5
26.4
29.3
35.3
63.9
42.1
Bachelor's
.......................................................................
21
4.0
1.6
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.1
2.1
3.1
11.9
6.6
Less
than
bachelor's
......................................................
6
1.2
0.1
0.1
(
1)
(
1)
0.2
0.1
(
1)
5.4
0.9
Academic
rank
Full
professor
..................................................................
161
30.4
39.8
33.3
31.3
30.5
34.3
26.8
28.7
19.1
27.8
Associate
professor
........................................................
124
23.4
26.4
22.7
26.3
26.8
26.9
29.0
25.3
12.9
23.4
Assistant
professor
.........................................................
124
23.5
22.7
27.0
31.2
29.1
26.1
31.9
29.9
11.3
21.8
Instructor
.........................................................................
74
14.0
4.0
4.6
7.6
9.1
8.6
8.0
9.2
39.7
12.5
Lecturer
...........................................................................
12
2.2
3.9
6.7
1.7
1.8
2.6
1.2
1.6
0.4
0.7
Other
...............................................................................
17
3.2
3.2
4.8
1.8
2.6
1.4
1.9
3.7
5.7
2.9
No
rank
...........................................................................
17
3.2
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.3
1.7
11.0
10.9
Base
salary
Under
$
10,000
................................................................
14
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.1
2.7
2.1
2.7
2.5
3.5
3.6
$
10,000
to
24,999
..........................................................
29
5.6
3.6
5.1
4.7
2.8
5.5
5.3
10.0
6.2
10.7
$
25,000
to
39,999
..........................................................
182
34.4
19.5
14.4
29.0
24.5
37.1
44.0
53.5
47.2
36.9
$
40,000
to
54,999
..........................................................
164
31.0
29.4
28.5
29.8
24.9
34.0
32.1
24.6
33.8
35.5
$
55,000
to
69,999
..........................................................
77
14.5
22.7
15.7
17.0
19.8
16.9
10.0
6.0
8.0
6.5
$
70,000
to
84,999
..........................................................
32
6.1
12.1
13.0
9.0
9.9
3.3
3.6
2.2
0.8
4.0
$
85,000
to
99,999
..........................................................
11
2.1
4.4
3.7
2.3
7.7
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.1
1.6
$
100,000
or
more
...........................................................
20
3.7
6.5
16.6
6.2
7.7
0.4
1.4
0.5
0.4
1.2
259
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
230.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
selected
characteristics
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
Fall
1992
 
Continued
Selected
characteristics
Number
in
thousands
Percent
total
Public
research
Private
research
Public
doctoral
Private
doctoral
Public
comprehensive
Private
comprehensive
Private
liberal
arts
Public
2­
year
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Part­
time
instructional
faculty
Total
(
in
thousands)
...................................................
377
 
25
17
21
18
47
37
21
166
24
Percent
........................................................................
 
100.0
6.7
4.6
5.5
4.8
12.5
9.7
5.6
44.2
6.5
Percentage
distribution
Total
.............................................................................
 
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Sex
Male
................................................................................
209
55.4
56.8
58.7
55.4
63.1
49.1
56.4
46.6
56.6
56.1
Female
............................................................................
168
44.6
43.3
41.3
44.6
36.9
51.0
43.7
53.4
43.4
44.0
Race
White,
non­
Hispanic
........................................................
333
88.3
87.8
89.5
91.4
87.7
85.0
90.8
89.6
87.9
90.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
........................................................
18
4.8
2.5
4.4
3.3
7.1
7.2
5.0
5.9
4.6
3.2
Hispanic
..........................................................................
11
3.0
3.2
2.7
1.6
1.5
3.0
1.1
2.9
4.0
1.1
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.....................................................
12
3.2
6.6
3.0
3.3
3.5
4.1
2.5
1.6
2.7
3.8
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
....................................
2
0.6
(
1)
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.8
1.1
Age
29
or
younger
.................................................................
20
5.4
4.0
2.7
8.3
1.9
7.7
4.0
2.7
6.1
5.0
30
to
34
..........................................................................
36
9.5
6.5
18.5
6.5
7.4
10.1
6.9
8.0
10.0
11.7
35
to
39
..........................................................................
59
15.6
15.7
13.8
16.8
27.3
15.0
14.6
19.3
14.6
14.5
40
to
44
..........................................................................
70
18.6
20.1
11.8
19.4
16.0
17.9
18.4
21.4
19.5
16.1
45
to
49
..........................................................................
68
18.0
19.0
19.0
17.1
18.9
16.1
20.9
21.8
17.5
16.7
50
to
54
..........................................................................
45
12.0
12.9
12.1
10.5
9.9
11.0
11.8
9.3
12.7
13.4
55
to
59
..........................................................................
29
7.6
8.1
11.1
6.2
3.8
10.0
9.3
6.1
7.2
6.3
60
to
64
..........................................................................
23
6.1
5.0
8.1
5.4
6.5
5.9
6.5
4.2
6.5
4.9
65
or
older
......................................................................
27
7.1
8.9
2.8
10.0
8.4
6.4
7.6
7.2
6.1
11.6
Highest
degree
Doctoral
..........................................................................
59
16.0
30.4
26.3
17.5
26.0
19.0
21.5
21.8
8.1
17.6
Professional
....................................................................
40
10.7
18.5
23.7
29.2
34.4
5.2
10.5
3.2
5.1
15.0
Master's
..........................................................................
190
51.6
39.1
43.2
41.4
31.5
61.1
58.4
58.7
53.0
50.3
Bachelor's
.......................................................................
63
17.0
12.1
6.8
11.7
7.9
14.0
9.3
15.7
24.0
13.3
Less
than
bachelor's
......................................................
17
4.7
(
1)
(
1)
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.6
9.8
3.8
Academic
rank
Full
professor
..................................................................
32
8.6
11.6
18.6
9.5
14.0
6.6
15.2
11.5
4.1
15.1
Associate
professor
........................................................
23
6.0
17.3
15.5
13.5
11.6
3.2
6.4
4.7
2.4
7.0
Assistant
professor
.........................................................
24
6.4
14.2
12.6
11.6
19.9
4.1
7.5
11.3
2.4
5.8
Instructor
.........................................................................
215
57.2
24.7
27.8
40.1
27.4
51.3
43.5
53.6
76.4
52.7
Lecturer
...........................................................................
45
12.0
24.2
18.1
12.9
18.9
23.1
17.6
10.4
5.2
7.4
Other
...............................................................................
28
7.3
7.8
5.9
10.9
7.3
11.0
7.9
7.8
5.7
7.7
No
rank
...........................................................................
9
2.5
0.3
1.6
1.4
0.8
0.8
1.9
0.7
3.8
4.3
Base
salary
Under
$
10,000
................................................................
281
74.5
51.8
70.9
65.1
66.3
69.2
79.4
70.0
81.7
72.2
$
10,000
to
24,999
..........................................................
68
18.1
30.8
19.3
21.8
23.3
23.0
16.4
23.1
13.2
19.3
$
25,000
to
39,999
..........................................................
16
4.2
8.8
5.0
8.1
4.2
5.1
2.9
4.4
2.9
4.7
$
40,000
to
54,999
..........................................................
5
1.4
2.6
1.9
2.8
2.2
1.0
0.7
1.1
1.1
2.1
$
55,000
to
69,999
..........................................................
2
0.6
3.5
0.9
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.3
(
1)
$
70,000
to
84,999
..........................................................
1
0.3
0.2
(
1)
0.6
1.4
0.2
(
1)
0.1
0.2
0.9
$
85,000
to
99,999
..........................................................
1
0.3
1.7
1.6
0.1
0.2
(
1)
(
1)
0.1
0.1
(
1)
$
100,000
or
more
...........................................................
3
0.7
0.6
0.4
1.0
1.9
1.1
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.9
1
Less
than
0.05
percent.
 
Data
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
may
not
add
to
totals
because
of
rounding
or
missing
data.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1993.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
260
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
231.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control,
academic
rank,
age,
salary,
race/
ethnicity,
and
sex:
Fall
1992
Selected
characteristics
Number
Percent
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
All
institutions
............................
528,260
 
306,477
150,265
14,457
12,941
9,289
4,564
20,858
6,851
1,638
920
Percentage
distribution
............
 
100.0
58.0
28.4
2.7
2.4
1.8
0.9
3.9
1.3
0.3
0.2
Type
and
control
Public
research
...................................
107,358
100.0
67.8
20.2
1.5
1.2
1.6
0.6
5.6
1.3
0.1
0.1
Private
research
..................................
32,164
100.0
58.0
25.7
3.0
2.0
1.3
0.8
6.6
2.4
0.2
 
Public
doctoral
....................................
52,808
100.0
61.0
26.5
1.7
1.4
1.8
0.7
4.7
1.4
0.6
0.2
Private
doctoral
...................................
28,684
100.0
64.8
19.4
3.4
1.5
2.6
1.1
5.6
1.6
0.1
0.1
Public
comprehensive
.........................
94,477
100.0
55.0
27.7
5.0
4.1
1.8
0.8
4.1
1.0
0.2
0.3
Private
comprehensive
.......................
38,561
100.0
59.7
31.6
1.7
1.9
1.0
0.6
2.5
0.9
(
1)
0.1
Private
liberal
arts
...............................
38,052
100.0
54.4
35.6
3.7
1.7
0.8
0.5
1.9
0.9
0.3
0.2
Public
2­
year
.......................................
109,957
100.0
47.2
38.3
2.5
3.7
2.5
1.6
1.9
1.4
0.7
0.3
Other
...................................................
26,200
100.0
63.6
25.5
1.7
2.1
1.1
0.4
3.8
1.4
0.3
0.2
Academic
rank
Full
professor
......................................
160,559
100.0
75.0
14.7
2.2
1.1
1.5
0.4
4.4
0.4
0.2
0.1
Associate
professor
............................
123,708
100.0
62.3
25.2
2.9
2.3
1.5
0.8
3.6
1.0
0.3
0.1
Assistant
professor
.............................
124,293
100.0
46.8
36.3
2.9
3.2
2.1
1.2
4.9
2.2
0.2
0.2
Instructor
.............................................
73,897
100.0
43.2
41.3
3.2
4.0
2.2
1.1
2.4
1.8
0.6
0.3
Lecturer
...............................................
11,869
100.0
28.7
54.5
2.6
3.7
2.0
1.2
3.8
2.5
 
1.1
Other
...................................................
17,072
100.0
40.3
40.6
4.2
4.8
2.2
1.8
4.1
1.7
0.2
0.1
No
rank
...............................................
16,862
100.0
50.9
39.0
1.3
1.3
1.8
0.9
1.9
1.7
0.9
0.3
Age
Under
30
.............................................
7,636
100.0
39.5
39.5
2.4
5.3
2.0
1.9
6.1
3.0
0.3
0.1
30
to
34
...............................................
35,418
100.0
45.6
33.3
4.1
3.6
3.1
1.2
6.4
2.4
0.2
 
35
to
39
...............................................
66,757
100.0
49.9
33.9
2.7
2.5
1.8
1.0
5.5
2.1
0.4
0.2
40
to
44
...............................................
90,175
100.0
51.1
33.3
2.5
3.1
2.1
1.5
4.2
1.6
0.2
0.5
45
to
49
...............................................
97,705
100.0
56.2
31.5
2.5
2.9
2.0
0.9
2.7
1.2
0.3
0.1
50
to
54
...............................................
94,852
100.0
63.3
26.2
2.5
1.9
1.3
0.6
3.1
0.8
0.3
0.2
55
to
59
...............................................
67,332
100.0
67.2
21.2
2.8
1.7
1.3
0.3
4.0
0.8
0.7
0.1
60
to
64
...............................................
44,609
100.0
70.2
18.2
2.8
1.8
1.3
0.5
4.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
65
or
older
..........................................
23,778
100.0
69.5
20.0
3.9
1.1
1.6
0.7
2.3
0.5
0.1
0.3
Base
salary
Under
$
10,000
....................................
13,771
100.0
53.2
30.4
7.1
4.9
0.9
0.3
1.9
1.0
0.3
0.1
10,000
to
24,999
.................................
29,384
100.0
35.7
50.6
1.8
3.9
1.3
1.3
2.5
2.3
0.1
0.6
25,000
to
39,999
.................................
181,830
100.0
45.4
40.7
2.8
3.4
1.8
1.2
2.5
1.6
0.4
0.2
40,000
to
54,999
.................................
163,774
100.0
61.8
23.7
2.8
2.1
1.9
1.0
5.1
1.2
0.3
0.1
55,000
to
69,999
.................................
76,716
100.0
73.3
15.2
2.4
1.3
2.3
0.4
4.0
0.9
0.2
0.1
70,000
to
84,999
.................................
32,096
100.0
78.9
11.2
2.1
0.9
1.7
(
1)
4.5
0.6
0.2
 
85,000
to
99,999
.................................
11,068
100.0
71.2
12.7
4.7
0.4
0.7
 
9.6
0.8
 
 
100,000
or
more
.................................
19,622
100.0
78.5
9.4
1.4
0.6
0.7
0.1
7.1
1.5
0.6
0.2
Total
income
Under
$
10,000
....................................
6,825
100.0
47.4
39.1
3.0
4.9
0.6
0.5
2.3
1.9
 
0.3
10,000
to
24,999
.................................
17,522
100.0
32.5
50.3
3.4
4.6
1.6
1.5
2.8
1.8
0.4
1.0
25,000
to
39,999
.................................
129,649
100.0
40.2
46.2
2.6
3.6
1.1
1.3
2.7
1.8
0.2
0.3
40,000
to
54,999
.................................
158,575
100.0
55.1
30.2
3.0
2.7
2.2
1.1
3.9
1.3
0.4
0.1
55,000
to
69,999
.................................
94,903
100.0
69.6
17.6
2.7
1.9
1.7
0.7
4.4
0.9
0.4
0.2
70,000
to
84,999
.................................
49,484
100.0
75.3
13.0
2.1
1.4
1.8
0.4
4.7
1.0
0.3
(
1)
85,000
to
99,999
.................................
23,811
100.0
76.4
11.1
4.0
0.6
1.8
0.1
5.3
0.4
0.3
 
100,000
or
more
.................................
47,490
100.0
77.1
10.9
1.9
0.7
2.3
0.1
5.8
1.0
0.2
0.1
261
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
231.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control,
academic
rank,
age,
salary,
race/
ethnicity,
and
sex:
Fall
1992
 
Continued
Selected
characteristics
Number
Percent
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
All
institutions
............................
376,675
 
182,976
149,814
10,274
7,987
6,965
4,232
7,016
5,135
1,478
797
Percentage
distribution
............
 
100.0
48.6
39.8
2.7
2.1
1.8
1.1
1.9
1.4
0.4
0.2
Type
and
control
Public
research
...................................
25,360
100.0
49.0
38.7
0.8
1.7
2.1
1.1
4.8
1.7
 
 
Private
research
..................................
17,259
100.0
50.6
39.0
3.3
1.2
2.7
 
1.8
1.2
0.4
 
Public
doctoral
....................................
20,761
100.0
50.6
40.8
1.7
1.6
1.0
0.5
1.8
1.5
0.2
0.3
Private
doctoral
...................................
18,014
100.0
54.6
33.1
6.0
1.2
1.3
0.2
1.0
2.5
0.2
 
Public
comprehensive
.........................
47,056
100.0
40.4
44.6
4.3
2.9
1.1
1.9
2.7
1.4
0.5
0.2
Private
comprehensive
.......................
36,525
100.0
51.4
39.5
2.1
2.8
0.8
0.3
1.6
0.9
0.4
0.1
Private
liberal
arts
...............................
20,909
100.0
40.5
49.1
3.9
2.0
1.4
1.5
0.8
0.8
0.1
 
Public
2­
year
.......................................
166,335
100.0
49.6
38.3
2.6
2.0
2.6
1.4
1.5
1.2
0.4
0.3
Other
...................................................
24,454
100.0
52.4
38.4
0.7
2.5
0.6
0.5
1.6
2.2
0.8
0.3
Academic
rank
Full
professor
......................................
32,269
100.0
63.2
25.0
3.5
1.7
1.7
0.4
2.9
0.7
0.8
0.2
Associate
professor
............................
22,518
100.0
59.4
30.1
1.6
1.2
1.5
0.4
3.7
1.3
0.4
0.4
Assistant
professor
.............................
24,237
100.0
49.1
37.4
5.7
2.5
0.6
0.4
2.4
1.9
 
0.1
Instructor
.............................................
215,442
100.0
46.1
42.4
2.5
2.2
2.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
0.5
0.2
Lecturer
...............................................
45,328
100.0
48.5
39.8
2.1
2.0
1.3
1.6
2.5
1.8
0.2
0.2
Other
...................................................
27,553
100.0
43.7
44.8
3.6
2.3
0.8
1.2
1.2
2.0
 
0.5
No
rank
...............................................
9,328
100.0
42.4
45.9
2.1
2.8
 
2.0
2.9
1.3
0.6
 
Age
Under
30
.............................................
20,483
100.0
41.2
46.3
2.1
2.1
1.5
1.9
1.5
2.5
0.3
0.5
30
to
34
...............................................
35,908
100.0
41.6
44.6
2.0
2.1
2.6
1.5
2.1
2.7
0.5
0.2
35
to
39
...............................................
58,923
100.0
42.8
43.8
4.1
2.2
2.1
1.0
2.0
1.1
0.6
0.2
40
to
44
...............................................
70,025
100.0
47.5
41.8
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.5
0.2
0.2
45
to
49
...............................................
67,969
100.0
48.2
41.8
2.1
1.7
1.5
1.3
2.2
1.0
(
1)
0.3
50
to
54
...............................................
45,093
100.0
49.2
36.5
3.6
2.8
2.2
0.6
2.3
1.6
0.9
0.3
55
to
59
...............................................
28,764
100.0
55.3
34.6
3.3
1.6
1.4
0.6
2.0
1.0
0.2
 
60
to
64
...............................................
22,943
100.0
56.2
33.6
2.1
2.3
2.2
0.5
1.2
0.9
1.1
0.1
65
or
older
..........................................
26,565
100.0
65.6
25.4
2.4
2.8
1.1
0.9
1.3
0.4
 
 
Base
salary
Under
$
10,000
....................................
280,526
100.0
49.6
39.1
2.7
2.3
1.7
1.1
1.6
1.3
0.3
0.2
10,000
to
24,999
.................................
68,117
100.0
43.1
44.9
2.2
1.4
2.8
1.3
2.5
1.5
0.3
0.2
25,000
to
39,999
.................................
15,840
100.0
49.4
38.1
4.1
2.0
1.6
0.3
2.5
1.2
0.8
 
40,000
to
54,999
.................................
5,307
100.0
55.2
32.8
2.1
1.9
1.5
2.7
0.1
1.8
1.9
 
55,000
to
69,999
.................................
2,157
 
 
 
3.5
 
0.6
 
22.0
8.6
 
 
70,000
to
84,999
.................................
1,127
 
 
 
7.7
4.2
 
 
2.7
 
8.0
 
85,000
to
99,999
.................................
942
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100,000
or
more
.................................
2,657
100.0
46.9
39.0
10.5
0.5
1.2
 
 
2.0
 
 
Total
income
Under
$
10,000
....................................
70,693
100.0
35.4
52.6
2.3
2.9
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.6
(
1)
0.4
10,000
to
24,999
.................................
84,803
100.0
33.2
57.1
1.3
1.8
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.9
0.4
0.1
25,000
to
39,999
.................................
74,809
100.0
48.5
39.6
2.5
2.9
2.0
1.2
1.6
1.4
0.2
0.3
40,000
to
54,999
.................................
58,057
100.0
55.8
32.1
3.4
1.9
1.5
1.2
1.8
0.7
1.3
0.4
55,000
to
69,999
.................................
32,386
100.0
69.3
17.5
3.4
1.6
3.2
0.5
3.0
1.2
0.3
 
70,000
to
84,999
.................................
17,199
100.0
69.4
17.8
4.7
0.7
2.9
0.7
2.8
0.5
0.5
 
85,000
to
99,999
.................................
8,231
100.0
70.2
18.1
4.7
0.8
4.7
 
1.4
 
 
 
100,000
or
more
.................................
30,497
100.0
68.9
19.0
4.7
1.5
1.0
 
3.3
1.6
0.1
 
1
Less
than
0.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available
or
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1993.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
262
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
232.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
faculty
characteristics
and
field:
Fall
1992
Faculty
characteristics
Number
in
thousands
All
fields
Agriculture
and
home
economics
Business
Education
Engineering
Fine
arts
Health
Humanities
Natural
sciences
Social
sciences
Other
and
not
reported
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
Full­
time,
in
thousands
.............
528
 
11
40
37
24
32
79
74
102
58
62
Percent
........................................
 
100.0
2.2
7.7
7.1
4.7
6.1
15.3
14.2
19.5
11.2
11.9
Percentage
distribution
of
full­
time
faculty
Total
............................................
528
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Sex
Male
............................................
353
66.8
75.3
68.9
48.9
93.9
67.0
49.9
58.6
79.9
72.5
69.6
Female
........................................
176
33.2
24.7
31.2
51.1
6.1
33.0
50.1
41.4
20.1
27.5
30.4
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................
457
86.5
90.8
88.5
84.7
76.6
88.6
85.9
88.1
85.8
87.3
88.1
Black,
non­
Hispanic
....................
27
5.2
3.9
4.1
9.4
2.8
5.8
5.6
4.2
3.6
6.2
6.0
Hispanic
......................................
14
2.6
1.8
1.6
3.3
3.1
2.5
2.3
4.1
1.9
2.8
2.5
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.................
28
5.2
2.9
4.8
1.6
16.8
2.7
6.0
3.2
8.3
3.3
2.9
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....................
3
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
Age
Under
30
.....................................
8
1.4
0.4
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.7
1.5
0.8
2.4
30
to
34
......................................
35
6.7
7.3
6.3
3.5
11.0
6.2
8.4
4.7
6.7
7.3
6.8
35
to
39
......................................
67
12.6
9.1
13.5
7.7
13.1
13.1
16.2
9.6
13.9
13.0
12.3
40
to
44
......................................
90
17.1
15.7
16.6
17.6
16.9
17.7
21.8
13.4
15.8
16.4
17.9
45
to
49
......................................
98
18.5
17.7
20.9
19.7
14.8
18.5
19.2
19.9
17.2
17.9
17.7
50
to
54
......................................
95
18.0
18.4
16.2
21.1
12.2
17.2
13.3
21.4
19.3
19.2
18.4
55
to
59
......................................
67
12.7
14.4
11.7
14.1
15.0
14.1
9.6
14.7
13.5
12.2
12.4
60
to
64
......................................
45
8.4
11.4
7.9
10.5
10.6
7.9
7.6
9.9
7.4
9.2
7.3
65
or
older
..................................
24
4.5
5.7
5.7
4.7
5.0
4.1
2.8
4.8
4.7
4.1
5.0
Degree
Less
than
bachelor's
..................
6
1.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
2.0
0.7
1.2
(
1)
0.2
0.1
6.2
Bachelor's
...................................
21
4.0
5.7
4.5
2.9
5.2
5.4
5.8
1.3
2.8
0.7
8.2
Master's
......................................
156
29.7
22.0
38.4
30.8
18.7
56.2
30.1
31.7
22.2
19.3
33.6
Professional
................................
58
11.1
4.4
4.5
2.9
2.3
4.3
42.9
2.4
4.5
3.5
17.1
Doctoral
......................................
284
54.0
67.8
52.0
63.2
71.8
33.4
20.0
64.6
70.3
76.4
35.0
Rank
Full
professor
..............................
161
30.4
41.4
24.7
24.3
36.8
32.0
21.2
33.1
37.0
36.8
26.9
Associate
professor
....................
124
23.4
22.6
25.5
29.5
28.0
25.4
23.0
22.4
22.5
24.8
19.3
Assistant
professor
.....................
124
23.5
19.3
25.6
22.9
22.5
21.4
32.9
19.3
20.7
24.3
23.0
Instructor
.....................................
74
14.0
10.8
16.7
13.2
10.4
10.3
16.9
14.9
11.7
7.9
21.7
Lecturer
......................................
12
2.2
1.0
1.3
2.5
0.9
2.8
2.3
3.9
1.7
1.7
2.7
Other
...........................................
17
3.2
3.2
2.2
5.5
0.5
3.3
2.5
1.9
2.4
2.0
3.6
No
rank
.......................................
17
3.2
1.7
4.0
1.9
1.0
4.8
1.4
4.7
3.9
2.5
3.0
263
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
232.
 
Full­
time
and
part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
faculty
characteristics
and
field:
Fall
1992
 
Continued
Faculty
characteristics
Number
in
thousands
All
fields
Agriculture
and
home
economics
Business
Education
Engineering
Fine
arts
Health
Humanities
Natural
sciences
Social
sciences
Other
and
not
reported
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Part­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
Part­
time,
in
thousands
............
377
 
3
35
31
12
33
45
60
60
34
60
Percent
........................................
 
100.0
0.7
9.3
8.3
3.1
8.8
12.0
16.2
16.2
9.1
16.2
Percentage
distribution
of
part­
time
faculty
Total
............................................
377
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Sex
Male
............................................
209
55.4
48.0
70.0
32.7
92.0
51.7
43.5
41.0
67.8
56.9
63.9
Female
........................................
168
44.6
52.0
30.0
67.3
8.0
48.3
56.5
59.0
32.2
43.2
36.1
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................
333
88.3
98.9
89.6
87.7
86.5
89.3
88.2
87.4
87.5
87.2
90.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
....................
18
4.8
0.0
5.1
8.0
1.9
5.1
5.7
3.3
4.1
6.6
4.6
Hispanic
......................................
11
3.0
1.1
2.7
2.0
2.0
2.6
1.6
5.8
2.5
2.7
2.9
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.................
12
3.2
(
1)
2.1
1.5
7.6
2.3
4.0
2.8
5.2
3.1
2.3
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.....................
2
0.6
(
1)
0.6
0.9
1.9
0.6
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.1
Age
Under
30
.....................................
20
5.4
8.4
2.2
2.4
7.9
4.3
4.6
6.6
6.8
7.6
5.4
30
to
34
......................................
36
9.5
5.9
7.3
3.6
8.9
11.1
11.1
10.6
11.2
8.3
9.7
35
to
39
......................................
59
15.6
18.9
13.3
7.3
21.9
18.6
22.8
11.5
13.1
16.2
19.8
40
to
44
......................................
70
18.6
22.1
17.1
26.7
16.0
21.0
20.4
15.6
15.2
16.7
21.1
45
to
49
......................................
68
18.0
16.2
23.1
18.8
12.8
14.3
14.1
20.6
16.8
16.6
19.8
50
to
54
......................................
45
12.0
6.9
15.4
13.3
9.2
10.2
11.1
13.5
13.0
12.8
9.4
55
to
59
......................................
29
7.6
7.5
7.7
8.6
6.3
8.7
4.9
8.9
8.4
8.8
6.5
60
to
64
......................................
23
6.1
10.0
6.0
8.6
7.2
5.7
2.9
6.1
8.7
6.7
4.1
65
or
older
..................................
27
7.1
4.2
7.8
10.7
9.9
6.2
8.1
6.7
6.7
6.4
4.3
Degree
Less
than
bachelor's
..................
17
4.7
1.8
2.2
0.7
13.4
3.6
9.6
0.3
1.9
0.1
13.0
Bachelor's
...................................
63
17.0
30.2
21.3
14.0
27.5
21.8
17.5
7.3
22.2
6.0
21.4
Master's
......................................
190
51.6
52.8
59.6
61.3
32.5
66.3
26.4
71.9
53.0
53.3
34.1
Professional
................................
40
10.7
8.6
8.1
0.7
(
1)
1.6
38.2
2.0
4.7
6.2
21.5
Doctoral
......................................
59
16.0
6.6
8.8
23.4
26.6
6.7
8.4
18.5
18.2
34.3
9.9
Rank
Full
professor
..............................
32
8.6
8.8
8.5
7.4
15.7
9.8
6.7
6.9
6.7
8.5
12.0
Associate
professor
....................
23
6.0
11.6
4.6
5.2
5.4
4.2
17.4
3.2
4.3
6.3
4.2
Assistant
professor
.....................
24
6.4
(
1)
6.4
4.9
7.4
6.9
16.9
3.5
4.3
8.8
3.4
Instructor
.....................................
215
57.2
55.1
60.2
57.4
50.4
56.3
45.6
60.0
62.5
51.9
61.8
Lecturer
......................................
45
12.0
19.9
11.3
10.8
13.0
12.3
6.5
17.5
10.6
16.4
10.0
Other
...........................................
28
7.3
4.5
6.3
10.8
7.2
6.8
6.0
5.8
8.2
6.7
7.1
No
rank
.......................................
9
2.5
(
1)
2.8
3.6
0.8
3.9
0.9
3.0
3.5
1.4
1.5
1
Less
than
0.05
percent.
 
Not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1993.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
264
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
233.
 
Average
base
salaries
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
and
staff
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
field
of
instruction:
1987
 
88
and
1992
 
93
Field
of
instruction
All
institutions
Total
public
Total
private
Public
research
Private
research
Public
doctoral
Private
doctoral
Public
comprehensive
Private
comprehensive
Private
liberal
arts
Public
2­
year
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1987
 
88
salaries
in
1992
 
93
dollars
Instructional
faculty,
in
thousands
..................
515
356
159
102
42
56
25
97
37
38
96
22
All
fields
..............................................................
$
48,381
$
48,826
$
47,386
$
58,118
$
63,669
$
54,028
$
57,215
$
45,342
$
39,564
$
35,462
$
39,847
$
37,698
Agriculture
and
home
economics
............................
48,452
48,713
 
54,431
 
43,501
 
46,934
 
 
 
 
Business
..................................................................
45,243
45,785
44,078
58,218
 
49,161
 
43,413
45,319
 
40,707
35,292
Education
.................................................................
40,498
42,517
33,529
45,861
 
43,315
 
41,766
33,499
29,400
41,133
 
Engineering
..............................................................
52,213
51,412
55,095
61,363
 
53,133
 
50,316
51,481
 
36,794
 
Fine
arts
...................................................................
37,840
39,547
34,368
40,297
 
38,155
 
39,367
33,170
34,484
40,216
 
Health
......................................................................
64,860
64,447
65,689
73,454
77,144
71,065
67,278
57,124
47,683
 
37,017
 
Humanities
...............................................................
42,420
44,092
39,867
46,326
48,988
39,327
46,313
44,601
37,089
38,127
43,461
34,783
Natural
sciences
......................................................
47,811
48,399
46,495
57,947
61,731
49,917
46,912
46,684
38,763
37,760
39,692
37,499
Social
sciences
........................................................
46,234
46,506
45,730
52,842
61,043
47,938
 
44,933
38,613
35,728
41,052
 
Other
........................................................................
44,712
44,239
45,834
52,646
 
45,427
 
41,853
35,733
 
37,762
44,331
1992
 
93
Instructional
faculty,
in
thousands
..................
478
339
140
89
25
46
23
91
37
37
105
25
All
fields
..............................................................
$
46,833
$
46,767
$
46,993
$
56,443
$
63,967
$
51,497
$
56,011
$
43,487
$
43,255
$
37,623
$
39,351
$
40,458
Agriculture
and
home
economics
...........................
47,809
48,488
 
54,735
 
44,480
 
43,377
 
 
39,788
 
Business
..................................................................
49,223
49,955
47,318
65,209
 
58,808
54,369
47,739
53,786
32,322
42,017
33,587
Education
.................................................................
42,046
43,259
37,618
49,822
 
42,202
49,254
41,456
37,961
32,419
41,224
 
Engineering
..............................................................
55,569
55,923
54,190
66,781
61,084
53,577
55,040
48,703
45,855
 
38,648
56,036
Fine
arts
...................................................................
40,574
39,285
42,526
41,337
86,221
39,379
37,874
39,144
35,812
37,764
37,524
34,100
Health
......................................................................
55,624
54,097
59,720
73,467
73,080
63,839
66,120
38,311
45,678
42,363
35,790
41,900
Humanities
...............................................................
40,972
41,601
39,634
44,018
44,695
39,661
42,928
40,735
41,043
37,667
41,183
36,547
Natural
sciences
......................................................
48,192
47,500
49,933
55,432
67,170
51,691
56,665
45,922
46,666
37,534
39,651
42,143
Social
sciences
........................................................
45,960
46,103
45,667
53,139
59,296
48,709
49,505
43,686
39,838
40,492
40,312
44,389
Other
........................................................................
44,594
43,431
47,030
51,007
65,685
43,777
61,854
45,357
41,722
36,436
37,668
39,199
 
Too
few
sample
cases
(
fewer
than
30)
for
a
reliable
estimate.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
1992
 
93
differ
from
other
tables
because
of
adjustments
to
maintain
consistency
with
the
1987
 
88
data.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF),
1987
 
88
and
1992
 
93.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
265
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
234.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1980
 
81,
1990
 
91,
1995
 
96,
and
1996
 
97
Academic
year,
control,
and
type
of
institution
All
faculty
Academic
rank
Sex
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Instructor
Lecturer
No
academic
rank
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1980
 
81
All
institutions
......................................
$
23,302
$
30,753
$
23,214
$
18,901
$
15,178
$
17,301
$
22,334
$
24,499
$
19,996
4­
year
.............................................
23,693
31,016
23,265
18,867
15,056
17,375
17,380
24,909
19,809
University
....................................
25,949
33,622
24,392
19,684
15,530
17,327
17,856
27,206
20,736
Other
4­
year
................................
22,230
28,798
22,558
18,398
14,887
17,425
17,334
23,271
19,372
2­
year
.............................................
21,898
26,528
22,750
19,166
15,621
16,222
22,615
22,736
20,434
Public
institutions
................................
23,745
31,077
23,772
19,431
15,613
17,620
22,820
24,873
20,673
4­
year
.............................................
24,373
31,442
23,898
19,442
15,486
17,712
19,240
25,509
20,608
University
....................................
25,571
32,945
24,268
19,637
15,305
17,426
17,358
26,788
20,564
Other
4­
year
................................
23,500
30,097
23,639
19,315
15,567
17,997
19,798
24,499
20,633
2­
year
.............................................
22,177
26,880
22,947
19,370
15,928
16,458
22,875
22,965
20,778
Private
institutions
...............................
22,093
29,994
21,833
17,767
14,192
15,899
15,946
23,493
18,073
4­
year
.............................................
22,325
30,089
21,887
17,816
14,316
15,971
16,706
23,669
18,326
University
....................................
26,897
35,227
24,730
19,792
16,197
16,956
18,933
28,251
21,176
Other
4­
year
................................
19,996
26,173
20,502
16,939
13,905
14,741
16,617
21,040
17,342
2­
year
.............................................
15,065
18,645
17,685
14,663
12,155
12,441
14,993
16,075
13,892
1990
 
91
All
institutions
......................................
42,165
55,540
41,414
34,434
26,332
30,097
36,395
45,065
35,881
4­
year
.............................................
43,693
56,485
41,811
34,657
25,772
30,209
31,494
46,519
36,574
University
....................................
49,430
63,437
44,877
37,838
27,105
31,748
31,533
52,426
39,788
Other
4­
year
................................
40,313
51,467
39,994
33,020
25,370
29,009
31,488
42,660
35,135
2­
year
.............................................
36,642
44,916
37,650
32,253
27,933
28,048
36,752
38,465
34,224
Public
institutions
................................
42,317
55,371
42,101
35,137
26,907
29,881
36,990
45,084
36,459
4­
year
.............................................
44,510
56,668
42,742
35,520
26,134
29,956
32,349
47,168
37,573
University
....................................
47,499
60,536
43,851
36,889
25,647
30,429
30,412
50,405
38,363
Other
4­
year
................................
42,499
53,704
41,969
34,680
26,316
29,664
33,507
44,804
37,147
2­
year
.............................................
37,055
45,411
38,051
32,673
28,389
28,780
37,096
38,787
34,720
Private
institutions
...............................
41,788
55,911
39,983
33,116
24,928
30,864
28,523
45,019
34,359
4­
year
.............................................
42,224
56,127
40,122
33,235
25,159
31,053
31,122
45,319
34,898
University
....................................
53,875
69,732
47,405
40,013
31,239
34,444
36,211
56,989
43,273
Other
4­
year
................................
36,888
47,405
36,965
30,688
23,973
25,416
30,915
39,162
32,251
2­
year
.............................................
24,088
29,520
26,353
24,587
20,911
 
23,187
25,937
22,585
1995
 
96
All
institutions
......................................
49,309
64,540
47,966
39,696
30,344
34,136
42,996
52,814
42,871
4­
year
.............................................
51,044
65,866
48,432
39,991
29,941
34,082
35,657
54,520
43,702
University
....................................
58,173
74,650
51,993
43,838
30,689
35,272
36,818
61,972
48,011
Other
4­
year
................................
46,946
59,599
46,356
38,179
29,718
33,140
35,470
49,726
41,773
2­
year
.............................................
43,009
51,454
43,107
36,927
31,421
35,165
43,537
44,944
40,791
Public
institutions
................................
48,837
63,189
48,122
40,092
30,581
33,634
43,590
52,163
42,871
4­
year
.............................................
51,172
64,946
48,815
40,562
29,907
33,525
36,829
54,448
43,986
University
....................................
55,068
69,924
50,186
42,335
29,186
34,139
35,532
58,648
45,676
Other
4­
year
................................
48,566
61,076
47,850
39,544
30,178
33,134
37,266
51,375
43,063
2­
year
.............................................
43,295
51,679
43,389
37,241
31,805
35,244
43,754
45,209
41,086
Private
institutions
...............................
50,466
67,457
47,654
38,964
29,701
35,792
34,599
54,364
42,871
4­
year
.............................................
50,819
67,598
47,760
39,071
30,002
35,810
35,098
54,649
43,236
University
....................................
65,405
84,970
56,517
47,387
35,782
37,516
38,649
69,579
53,717
Other
4­
year
................................
44,504
57,089
44,186
36,325
28,993
33,170
34,771
47,126
39,982
2­
year
.............................................
31,915
37,929
33,283
29,887
23,895
 
33,410
33,301
30,671
1996
 
97
1
All
institutions
......................................
50,829
66,659
49,307
40,687
31,193
34,962
44,200
54,465
44,325
4­
year
.............................................
52,618
68,152
49,809
40,987
30,748
34,948
36,701
56,266
45,145
University
....................................
60,199
77,464
53,552
45,038
31,304
36,389
38,265
64,242
49,703
Other
4­
year
................................
48,276
61,478
47,622
39,126
30,582
33,791
36,508
51,140
43,110
2­
year
.............................................
44,314
52,719
44,092
37,898
32,462
35,215
44,796
46,153
42,236
Public
institutions
................................
50,303
65,141
49,470
41,108
31,452
34,294
44,803
53,737
44,306
4­
year
.............................................
52,718
67,121
50,220
41,590
30,740
34,229
37,060
56,162
45,402
University
....................................
57,047
72,599
51,835
43,536
30,000
35,243
35,099
60,845
47,389
Other
4­
year
................................
49,836
62,846
49,082
40,500
31,025
33,607
37,506
52,744
44,321
2­
year
.............................................
44,584
52,927
44,371
38,232
32,822
35,215
44,998
46,393
42,531
Private
institutions
...............................
52,112
69,931
48,984
39,907
30,502
37,091
35,915
56,185
44,374
4­
year
.............................................
52,443
70,071
49,090
40,021
30,763
37,091
36,538
56,453
44,726
University
....................................
67,457
87,949
57,812
48,591
35,960
38,423
41,779
71,917
55,306
Other
4­
year
................................
45,938
59,174
45,515
37,259
29,899
34,735
36,109
48,626
41,432
2­
year
.............................................
32,628
38,687
33,998
30,281
24,189
 
34,079
34,736
30,661
 
Data
not
available.
1
Data
are
for
degree­
granting
institutions.
Survey
coverage
is
slightly
wider
than
data
for
higher
education
institutions
tabulated
for
earlier
years.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
1990
 
91
through
1996
 
97
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
Faculty
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits,
1980
 
81;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty''
surveys
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1998.)
266
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
235.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
control
and
type
of
institution:
1970
 
71
to
1996
 
97
Academic
year
and
sex
All
faculty
Academic
rank
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Instructor
Lecturer
No
rank
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Current
dollars
Total
1970
 
71
..............................
$
12,710
$
17,958
$
13,563
$
11,176
$
9,360
$
11,196
$
12,333
$
12,953
$
13,121
$
12,644
$
11,619
$
11,824
$
8,664
1972
 
73
..............................
13,856
19,191
14,580
12,032
10,737
11,637
12,676
14,016
14,417
12,919
13,452
13,622
9,288
1974
 
75
..............................
15,622
21,277
16,146
13,295
12,691
12,575
13,532
15,879
16,271
14,897
14,912
15,092
10,242
1975
 
76
..............................
16,659
22,649
17,065
13,986
13,672
12,906
15,196
16,942
17,400
15,820
15,921
16,116
10,901
1976
 
77
..............................
17,560
23,792
17,905
14,662
11,835
13,431
16,634
17,845
18,313
16,685
16,787
16,977
11,637
1977
 
78
..............................
18,709
25,133
18,987
15,530
12,504
14,528
17,831
19,045
19,517
17,895
17,773
17,966
12,191
1978
 
79
..............................
19,820
26,470
20,047
16,374
13,193
15,281
18,725
20,179
20,722
18,844
18,807
19,010
12,496
1979
 
80
..............................
21,348
28,388
21,451
17,465
14,023
16,122
20,262
21,798
22,349
20,429
20,105
20,318
13,250
1980
 
81
..............................
23,302
30,753
23,214
18,901
15,178
17,301
22,334
23,745
24,373
22,177
22,093
22,325
15,065
1981
 
82
..............................
25,449
33,437
25,278
20,608
16,450
18,756
24,331
25,886
26,591
24,193
24,255
24,509
15,926
1982
 
83
..............................
27,196
35,540
26,921
22,056
17,601
20,072
25,557
27,488
28,293
25,567
26,393
26,691
16,595
1984
 
85
..............................
30,447
39,743
29,945
24,668
20,230
22,334
27,683
30,646
31,764
27,864
29,910
30,247
18,510
1985
 
86
..............................
32,392
42,268
31,787
26,277
20,918
23,770
29,088
32,750
34,033
29,590
31,402
31,732
19,436
1987
 
88
..............................
35,897
47,040
35,231
29,110
22,728
25,977
31,532
36,231
37,840
32,209
35,049
35,346
21,867
1989
 
90
..............................
40,133
52,810
39,392
32,689
25,030
28,990
34,559
40,416
42,365
35,516
39,464
39,817
24,601
1990
 
91
..............................
42,165
55,540
41,414
34,434
26,332
30,097
36,395
42,317
44,510
37,055
41,788
42,224
24,088
1991
 
92
..............................
43,851
57,433
42,929
35,745
30,916
30,456
37,783
43,641
45,638
38,959
44,376
44,793
25,673
1992
 
93
..............................
44,714
58,788
43,945
36,625
28,499
30,543
37,771
44,197
46,515
38,935
45,985
46,427
26,105
1993
 
94
..............................
46,364
60,649
45,278
37,630
28,828
32,729
40,584
45,920
48,019
41,040
47,465
47,880
28,435
1994
 
95
..............................
47,811
62,709
46,713
38,756
29,665
33,198
41,227
47,432
49,738
42,101
48,741
49,379
25,613
1995
 
96
..............................
49,309
64,540
47,966
39,696
30,344
34,136
42,996
48,837
51,172
43,295
50,466
50,819
31,915
1996
 
97
2
...........................
50,829
66,659
49,307
40,687
31,193
34,962
44,200
50,303
52,718
44,584
52,112
52,443
32,628
Men
1972
 
73
..............................
14,422
19,414
14,723
12,193
11,147
12,106
13,047
14,545
14,944
13,268
14,116
14,253
9,571
1974
 
75
..............................
16,303
21,532
16,282
13,458
13,350
13,232
14,008
16,522
16,918
15,350
15,709
15,852
10,633
1975
 
76
..............................
17,414
22,902
17,209
14,174
14,430
13,579
15,761
17,661
18,121
16,339
16,784
16,946
11,378
1976
 
77
..............................
18,378
24,029
18,055
14,851
12,085
14,147
17,253
18,620
19,091
17,235
17,736
17,891
12,193
1977
 
78
..............................
19,575
25,370
19,133
15,726
12,729
15,181
18,459
19,867
20,347
18,479
18,783
18,935
12,759
1978
 
79
..............................
20,777
26,727
20,221
16,602
13,441
15,927
19,400
21,080
21,628
19,475
19,935
20,086
13,048
1979
 
80
..............................
22,394
28,672
21,651
17,720
14,323
16,932
20,901
22,789
23,350
21,131
21,317
21,472
13,938
1980
 
81
..............................
24,499
31,082
23,451
19,227
15,545
18,281
23,170
24,873
25,509
22,965
23,493
23,669
16,075
1981
 
82
..............................
26,796
33,799
25,553
21,025
16,906
19,721
25,276
27,149
27,864
25,085
25,849
26,037
16,834
1982
 
83
..............................
28,664
35,956
27,262
22,586
18,160
21,225
26,541
28,851
29,661
26,524
28,159
28,380
17,346
1984
 
85
..............................
32,182
40,269
30,392
25,330
21,159
23,557
28,670
32,240
33,344
28,891
32,028
32,278
19,460
1985
 
86
..............................
34,294
42,833
32,273
27,094
21,693
25,238
30,267
34,528
35,786
30,758
33,656
33,900
20,412
1987
 
88
..............................
38,112
47,735
35,823
30,086
23,645
27,652
32,747
38,314
39,898
33,477
37,603
37,817
22,641
1989
 
90
..............................
42,763
53,650
40,131
33,781
25,933
31,162
35,980
42,959
44,834
37,081
42,312
42,595
25,218
1990
 
91
..............................
45,065
56,549
42,239
35,636
27,388
32,398
38,036
45,084
47,168
38,787
45,019
45,319
25,937
1991
 
92
..............................
46,848
58,494
43,814
36,969
33,359
32,843
39,422
46,483
48,401
40,811
47,733
48,042
26,825
1992
 
93
..............................
47,866
59,972
44,855
37,842
29,583
32,512
39,365
47,175
49,392
40,725
49,518
49,837
27,402
1993
 
94
..............................
49,579
61,857
46,229
38,794
29,815
34,796
42,251
48,956
50,989
42,938
51,076
51,397
30,783
1994
 
95
..............................
51,228
64,046
47,705
39,923
30,528
35,082
43,103
50,629
52,874
44,020
52,653
53,036
29,639
1995
 
96
..............................
52,814
65,949
49,037
40,858
30,940
36,135
44,624
52,163
54,448
45,209
54,364
54,649
33,301
1996
 
97
2
...........................
54,465
68,214
50,457
41,864
31,738
36,932
45,688
53,737
56,162
46,393
56,185
56,453
34,736
Women
1972
 
73
..............................
11,925
17,123
13,827
11,510
10,098
10,775
11,913
12,250
12,300
12,165
11,044
11,219
8,888
1974
 
75
..............................
13,471
19,012
15,481
12,858
11,740
11,543
12,619
13,892
13,831
13,987
12,233
12,423
9,735
1975
 
76
..............................
14,308
20,308
16,364
13,522
12,572
11,901
14,094
14,762
14,758
14,769
13,030
13,231
10,201
1976
 
77
..............................
15,100
21,536
17,189
14,225
11,589
12,397
15,467
15,573
15,539
15,628
13,709
13,899
10,850
1977
 
78
..............................
16,159
22,943
18,325
15,109
12,288
13,688
16,637
16,684
16,619
16,785
14,597
14,799
11,470
1978
 
79
..............................
17,080
24,143
19,300
15,914
12,966
14,465
17,482
17,646
17,627
17,676
15,388
15,611
11,898
1979
 
80
..............................
18,396
25,910
20,642
16,974
13,750
15,142
19,069
19,042
18,985
19,134
16,539
16,787
12,541
1980
 
81
..............................
19,996
27,959
22,295
18,302
14,854
16,168
20,843
20,673
20,608
20,778
18,073
18,326
13,892
1981
 
82
..............................
21,802
30,438
24,271
19,866
16,054
17,676
22,672
22,524
22,454
22,632
19,743
20,024
14,984
1982
 
83
..............................
23,261
32,221
25,738
21,130
17,102
18,830
23,855
23,892
23,876
23,917
21,451
21,785
15,845
1984
 
85
..............................
25,941
35,824
28,517
23,575
19,362
21,004
26,050
26,566
26,813
26,172
24,186
24,560
17,575
1985
 
86
..............................
27,576
38,252
30,300
24,966
20,237
22,273
27,171
28,299
28,680
27,693
25,523
25,889
18,504
1987
 
88
..............................
30,499
42,371
33,528
27,600
21,962
24,370
29,605
31,215
31,820
30,228
28,621
28,946
21,215
1989
 
90
..............................
34,183
47,663
37,469
31,090
24,320
26,995
32,528
34,796
35,704
33,307
32,650
33,010
24,002
1990
 
91
..............................
35,881
49,728
39,329
32,724
25,534
28,111
34,179
36,459
37,573
34,720
34,359
34,898
22,585
1991
 
92
..............................
37,534
51,621
40,766
34,063
28,873
28,550
35,622
37,800
38,634
36,517
36,828
37,309
24,683
1992
 
93
..............................
38,385
52,755
41,861
35,032
27,700
28,922
35,792
38,356
39,470
36,710
38,460
38,987
25,068
1993
 
94
..............................
40,058
54,746
43,178
36,169
28,136
31,048
38,474
40,118
41,031
38,707
39,902
40,378
26,142
1994
 
95
..............................
41,369
56,555
44,626
37,352
29,072
31,677
38,967
41,548
42,663
39,812
40,908
41,815
22,851
1995
 
96
..............................
42,871
58,318
45,803
38,345
29,940
32,584
41,085
42,871
43,986
41,086
42,871
43,236
30,671
1996
 
97
2
...........................
44,325
60,160
47,101
39,350
30,819
33,415
42,474
44,306
45,402
42,531
44,374
44,726
30,661
267
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
235.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
control
and
type
of
institution:
1970
 
71
to
1996
 
97
 
Continued
Academic
year
and
sex
All
faculty
Academic
rank
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Instructor
Lecturer
No
rank
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Constant
1996
 
97
dollars
1
Total
1970
 
71
..............................
50,841
71,834
54,256
44,706
37,441
44,786
49,335
51,816
52,489
50,579
46,476
47,299
34,658
1972
 
73
..............................
51,435
71,238
54,123
44,663
39,856
43,196
47,054
52,028
53,516
47,955
49,935
50,565
34,479
1974
 
75
..............................
47,931
65,282
49,540
40,790
38,937
38,584
41,519
48,719
49,924
45,708
45,751
46,305
31,424
1975
 
76
..............................
47,733
64,898
48,898
40,076
39,177
36,980
43,542
48,545
49,858
45,329
45,619
46,180
31,235
1976
 
77
..............................
47,545
64,417
48,477
39,698
32,043
36,365
45,036
48,314
49,583
45,174
45,450
45,964
31,507
1977
 
78
..............................
47,466
63,767
48,173
39,402
31,723
36,859
45,240
48,320
49,518
45,401
45,093
45,581
30,929
1978
 
79
..............................
45,980
61,407
46,507
37,986
30,605
35,449
43,438
46,812
48,072
43,714
43,629
44,099
28,989
1979
 
80
..............................
43,698
58,108
43,908
35,750
28,703
32,999
41,474
44,619
45,746
41,817
41,152
41,588
27,122
1980
 
81
..............................
42,746
56,414
42,585
34,673
27,843
31,738
40,970
43,559
44,711
40,682
40,528
40,954
27,636
1981
 
82
..............................
42,972
56,461
42,684
34,798
27,777
31,671
41,085
43,710
44,901
40,852
40,957
41,386
26,892
1982
 
83
..............................
44,031
57,540
43,586
35,709
28,497
32,497
41,378
44,504
45,807
41,394
42,731
43,214
26,868
1984
 
85
..............................
45,745
59,711
44,990
37,062
30,394
33,555
41,592
46,044
47,723
41,864
44,938
45,444
27,810
1985
 
86
..............................
47,303
61,725
46,419
38,373
30,547
34,712
42,478
47,826
49,699
43,211
45,857
46,339
28,383
1987
 
88
..............................
49,242
64,528
48,329
39,932
31,177
35,634
43,255
49,700
51,908
44,183
48,079
48,486
29,996
1989
 
90
..............................
50,226
66,091
49,299
40,910
31,325
36,281
43,250
50,580
53,019
44,448
49,388
49,831
30,788
1990
 
91
..............................
50,034
65,905
49,142
40,860
31,246
35,714
43,187
50,214
52,816
43,970
49,586
50,104
28,583
1991
 
92
..............................
50,419
66,035
49,358
41,099
35,546
35,017
43,442
50,177
52,473
44,794
51,022
51,502
29,518
1992
 
93
..............................
49,854
65,545
48,996
40,835
31,775
34,054
42,112
49,277
51,862
43,410
51,271
51,764
29,106
1993
 
94
..............................
50,389
65,913
49,207
40,896
31,330
35,569
44,107
49,906
52,187
44,602
51,585
52,036
30,903
1994
 
95
..............................
50,513
66,252
49,353
40,946
31,341
35,074
43,557
50,112
52,549
44,480
51,495
52,169
27,060
1995
 
96
..............................
50,716
66,382
49,334
40,829
31,210
35,110
44,222
50,231
52,632
44,530
51,906
52,269
32,826
1996
 
97
2
...........................
50,829
66,659
49,307
40,687
31,193
34,962
44,200
50,303
52,718
44,584
52,112
52,443
32,628
Men
1972
 
73
..............................
53,536
72,068
54,654
45,262
41,380
44,937
48,432
53,994
55,473
49,253
52,400
52,909
35,528
1974
 
75
..............................
50,019
66,064
49,955
41,293
40,960
40,598
42,979
50,693
51,908
47,097
48,199
48,636
32,624
1975
 
76
..............................
49,897
65,622
49,309
40,615
41,347
38,909
45,161
50,606
51,922
46,819
48,093
48,556
32,601
1976
 
77
..............................
49,758
65,057
48,885
40,210
32,721
38,302
46,713
50,413
51,689
46,664
48,019
48,440
33,013
1977
 
78
..............................
49,665
64,367
48,543
39,899
32,296
38,515
46,832
50,405
51,622
46,884
47,655
48,040
32,370
1978
 
79
..............................
48,198
62,003
46,908
38,513
31,180
36,949
45,004
48,903
50,174
45,179
46,245
46,596
30,269
1979
 
80
..............................
45,838
58,689
44,317
36,271
29,318
34,658
42,782
46,647
47,796
43,253
43,635
43,951
28,531
1980
 
81
..............................
44,942
57,018
43,019
35,271
28,516
33,535
42,504
45,628
46,795
42,128
43,096
43,419
29,489
1981
 
82
..............................
45,247
57,072
43,148
35,502
28,547
33,300
42,680
45,842
47,050
42,358
43,648
43,965
28,425
1982
 
83
..............................
46,408
58,214
44,138
36,567
29,402
34,364
42,971
46,711
48,022
42,943
45,590
45,948
28,084
1984
 
85
..............................
48,351
60,502
45,662
38,057
31,790
35,393
43,075
48,438
50,097
43,407
48,120
48,496
29,237
1985
 
86
..............................
50,080
62,550
47,129
39,566
31,679
36,856
44,200
50,422
52,259
44,917
49,149
49,505
29,808
1987
 
88
..............................
52,280
65,481
49,141
41,271
32,435
37,932
44,921
52,558
54,731
45,923
51,582
51,876
31,058
1989
 
90
..............................
53,518
67,142
50,223
42,276
32,454
38,999
45,028
53,762
56,110
46,407
52,954
53,307
31,561
1990
 
91
..............................
53,475
67,102
50,121
42,286
32,500
38,444
45,134
53,498
55,970
46,025
53,421
53,777
30,777
1991
 
92
..............................
53,865
67,254
50,376
42,505
38,355
37,762
45,326
53,445
55,650
46,924
54,882
55,237
30,842
1992
 
93
..............................
53,368
66,866
50,012
42,192
32,984
36,249
43,890
52,597
55,070
45,406
55,210
55,566
30,551
1993
 
94
..............................
53,882
67,226
50,241
42,161
32,403
37,816
45,918
53,205
55,415
46,665
55,509
55,858
33,455
1994
 
95
..............................
54,123
67,666
50,401
42,179
32,253
37,065
45,539
53,490
55,862
46,508
55,629
56,034
31,314
1995
 
96
..............................
54,321
67,831
50,437
42,024
31,823
37,166
45,898
53,651
56,002
46,499
55,915
56,209
34,251
1996
 
97
2
...........................
54,465
68,214
50,457
41,864
31,738
36,932
45,688
53,737
56,162
46,393
56,185
56,453
34,736
Women
1972
 
73
..............................
44,266
63,561
51,326
42,726
37,486
39,997
44,224
45,475
45,660
45,156
40,997
41,645
32,992
1974
 
75
..............................
41,331
58,332
47,500
39,450
36,021
35,416
38,716
42,622
42,436
42,915
37,534
38,116
29,869
1975
 
76
..............................
40,997
58,190
46,889
38,745
36,023
34,099
40,384
42,300
42,289
42,318
37,337
37,911
29,228
1976
 
77
..............................
40,882
58,308
46,540
38,515
31,377
33,564
41,876
42,164
42,070
42,311
37,117
37,632
29,375
1977
 
78
..............................
40,997
58,209
46,493
38,334
31,176
34,729
42,211
42,329
42,165
42,586
37,034
37,548
29,102
1978
 
79
..............................
39,623
56,007
44,773
36,917
30,079
33,555
40,556
40,935
40,892
41,004
35,698
36,216
27,600
1979
 
80
..............................
37,655
53,037
42,252
34,744
28,146
30,995
39,034
38,977
38,860
39,167
33,853
34,362
25,669
1980
 
81
..............................
36,681
51,289
40,899
33,574
27,249
29,659
38,235
37,923
37,804
38,116
33,154
33,618
25,484
1981
 
82
..............................
36,814
51,397
40,983
33,545
27,108
29,847
38,283
38,033
37,915
38,216
33,337
33,811
25,302
1982
 
83
..............................
37,660
52,167
41,671
34,210
27,689
30,486
38,622
38,682
38,656
38,722
34,730
35,271
25,654
1984
 
85
..............................
38,975
53,823
42,845
35,420
29,090
31,557
39,138
39,914
40,285
39,322
36,338
36,900
26,405
1985
 
86
..............................
40,270
55,860
44,248
36,458
29,553
32,526
39,678
41,326
41,882
40,441
37,272
37,806
27,022
1987
 
88
..............................
41,838
58,123
45,993
37,861
30,126
33,430
40,611
42,820
43,650
41,466
39,261
39,707
29,102
1989
 
90
..............................
42,780
59,649
46,892
38,908
30,436
33,784
40,709
43,547
44,684
41,683
40,861
41,312
30,038
1990
 
91
..............................
42,576
59,009
46,669
38,831
30,299
33,357
40,557
43,263
44,585
41,199
40,771
41,410
26,800
1991
 
92
..............................
43,155
59,352
46,871
39,165
33,198
32,826
40,958
43,462
44,420
41,986
42,344
42,897
28,380
1992
 
93
..............................
42,797
58,820
46,672
39,059
30,885
32,247
39,906
42,764
44,007
40,930
42,881
43,468
27,949
1993
 
94
..............................
43,535
59,498
46,925
39,308
30,578
33,743
41,813
43,600
44,592
42,066
43,366
43,882
28,411
1994
 
95
..............................
43,707
59,751
47,148
39,463
30,715
33,467
41,169
43,896
45,074
42,062
43,220
44,178
24,143
1995
 
96
..............................
44,094
59,981
47,110
39,439
30,794
33,514
42,257
44,094
45,241
42,259
44,094
44,470
31,547
1996
 
97
2
...........................
44,325
60,160
47,101
39,350
30,819
33,415
42,474
44,306
45,402
42,531
44,374
44,726
30,661
1
Data
adjusted
by
the
Consumer
Price
Index
prepared
by
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics
averaged
on
an
academic
year
time
frame.
2
Data
are
for
degree­
granting
institutions.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
1987
 
88
and
later
years
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
Faculty
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
268
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
236.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9
 
month
contracts
in
degree­
granting
institutions,
1
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
All
institutions
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
Total
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
................................
$
50,829
$
50,303
$
52,718
$
57,047
$
49,836
$
44,584
$
52,112
$
52,443
$
67,457
$
45,938
$
32,628
Alabama
............................................
42,006
42,843
44,785
48,913
42,219
37,708
37,530
37,701
 
37,701
25,023
Alaska
................................................
50,091
50,725
50,657
50,914
50,494
59,281
38,307
38,307
 
38,307
 
Arizona
..............................................
52,605
52,681
54,206
57,275
45,889
49,601
50,636
50,636
 
50,636
 
Arkansas
............................................
39,488
39,915
42,800
48,836
40,820
31,780
37,269
38,059
 
38,059
16,681
California
...........................................
59,870
59,543
63,276
75,604
60,987
54,529
61,172
61,394
75,175
54,043
36,992
Colorado
............................................
50,095
49,784
52,336
58,381
47,221
37,225
52,270
52,270
55,228
48,623
 
Connecticut
........................................
61,592
61,598
64,695
70,883
58,855
52,640
61,584
62,293
79,548
55,058
35,069
Delaware
...........................................
56,948
57,203
59,872
62,295
46,688
43,846
54,483
54,483
 
54,483
 
District
of
Columbia
...........................
59,385
 
 
 
 
 
59,385
59,385
60,978
45,531
 
Florida
................................................
47,598
47,576
52,100
57,386
49,010
41,436
47,685
47,718
59,180
43,449
26,720
Georgia
..............................................
47,193
47,721
49,929
55,990
48,444
37,663
45,767
46,227
69,677
39,794
30,492
Hawaii
................................................
52,175
52,488
57,364
58,846
48,142
44,264
48,572
48,572
 
48,572
 
Idaho
..................................................
44,016
44,179
45,201
49,095
43,360
37,295
43,460
40,100
 
40,100
44,970
Illinois
.................................................
52,548
50,970
51,532
55,988
47,655
50,034
55,292
55,746
72,650
44,627
28,830
Indiana
...............................................
48,588
48,299
50,719
53,481
45,021
34,590
49,193
49,429
71,279
43,084
30,265
Iowa
...................................................
47,191
51,033
57,503
60,581
49,273
36,710
40,880
40,897
51,200
39,593
29,025
Kansas
...............................................
41,655
43,272
47,067
49,907
40,890
35,437
31,478
31,768
 
31,768
25,910
Kentucky
............................................
43,410
45,097
47,773
54,298
43,871
35,627
37,369
37,369
 
37,369
 
Louisiana
...........................................
44,884
43,530
44,635
52,901
42,521
34,416
51,281
51,340
58,881
38,830
48,630
Maine
.................................................
45,199
43,882
45,874
49,583
43,866
35,831
48,616
49,255
 
49,255
28,944
Maryland
............................................
50,802
49,781
52,144
59,221
48,566
45,594
54,379
54,441
71,669
45,791
25,000
Massachusetts
...................................
58,697
51,427
55,611
64,374
52,029
41,536
62,790
63,061
71,789
53,799
35,212
Michigan
............................................
54,248
56,393
56,869
63,355
51,451
54,698
43,242
43,459
47,513
42,919
20,074
Minnesota
..........................................
48,877
50,390
53,763
64,476
48,163
45,176
45,347
45,591
 
45,591
36,638
Mississippi
.........................................
39,644
40,232
43,302
45,240
42,010
36,257
34,896
35,749
 
35,749
23,554
Missouri
.............................................
47,063
47,579
49,568
58,603
47,753
40,596
46,023
46,424
62,112
37,842
29,963
Montana
.............................................
40,589
41,731
43,338
45,089
39,402
31,758
33,714
34,360
 
34,360
26,100
Nebraska
...........................................
44,701
46,030
49,374
56,249
44,649
34,332
40,574
40,574
47,592
36,828
 
Nevada
..............................................
51,959
52,050
55,194
58,997
52,647
44,829
37,946
37,946
 
37,946
 
New
Hampshire
.................................
49,425
47,339
50,127
51,630
47,545
36,029
52,143
52,991
 
52,991
27,236
New
Jersey
........................................
61,538
61,419
64,359
71,997
61,765
54,694
61,850
61,989
75,071
51,694
25,845
New
Mexico
.......................................
43,322
43,552
47,244
49,782
40,250
32,627
38,532
38,532
 
38,532
 
New
York
...........................................
56,996
55,913
58,051
62,459
57,349
52,120
58,092
58,546
69,356
51,389
29,503
North
Carolina
...................................
47,462
49,096
51,803
62,388
47,500
32,153
43,687
43,978
61,504
37,234
31,300
North
Dakota
.....................................
36,366
37,103
38,347
39,434
36,099
32,190
31,158
32,623
 
32,623
23,785
Ohio
...................................................
50,240
51,914
54,747
56,462
48,586
42,722
46,526
46,769
67,470
44,502
29,678
Oklahoma
..........................................
41,961
42,514
44,841
50,253
40,482
35,991
39,830
40,329
50,222
35,806
25,654
Oregon
...............................................
44,506
44,212
45,121
47,702
42,250
43,161
45,546
45,546
 
45,546
 
Pennsylvania
.....................................
55,132
56,029
57,330
62,407
54,469
48,938
54,040
54,457
73,122
48,846
31,440
Rhode
Island
.....................................
54,797
52,382
55,721
60,085
48,226
42,341
56,582
56,582
 
56,582
 
South
Carolina
...................................
42,246
43,199
48,228
53,983
42,235
32,486
38,030
38,169
 
38,169
31,540
South
Dakota
.....................................
36,482
37,279
37,382
38,107
36,391
26,212
33,685
33,738
 
33,738
28,800
Tennessee
.........................................
45,532
45,994
49,315
56,243
46,955
35,625
44,488
44,636
67,787
35,955
23,582
Texas
.................................................
46,434
45,576
48,678
55,528
43,062
39,963
50,117
50,292
59,321
43,378
26,395
Utah
...................................................
46,735
45,037
47,232
51,683
39,984
36,352
50,704
50,859
51,750
39,229
37,370
Vermont
.............................................
44,722
46,461
46,461
49,695
38,167
 
43,140
44,403
 
44,403
20,261
Virginia
...............................................
48,468
49,391
52,734
57,209
49,924
38,940
45,405
45,503
 
45,503
28,018
Washington
........................................
46,038
46,051
51,042
54,807
44,925
39,662
45,989
45,989
 
45,989
 
West
Virginia
.....................................
40,929
41,942
42,570
49,056
39,510
33,520
35,534
35,534
 
35,534
 
Wisconsin
..........................................
49,325
50,747
52,106
63,364
48,066
48,694
43,320
43,320
54,490
40,117
 
Wyoming
............................................
39,855
39,855
46,743
46,743
 
33,007
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
........................
61,536
61,536
61,536
 
61,536
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
..............................
33,163
34,652
34,840
36,820
33,761
33,380
21,412
21,412
 
21,412
 
American
Samoa
...............................
29,072
29,072
 
 
 
29,072
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
........
17,695
17,695
 
 
 
17,695
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
.................................................
47,679
47,679
51,109
 
51,109
43,155
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
.............................
35,628
35,628
 
 
 
35,628
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.................................................
17,743
17,743
 
 
 
17,743
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
........................................
32,030
33,641
33,495
36,820
31,389
36,361
21,412
21,412
 
21,412
 
Virgin
Islands
.....................................
44,976
44,976
44,976
 
44,976
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Includes
2
 
year
and
4
 
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty,
1996
 
97''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1998).
269
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
237.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
All
institutions
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
Total
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
Total
University
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
................................
$
49,309
$
48,837
$
51,172
$
55,068
$
48,566
$
43,295
$
50,466
$
50,819
$
65,405
$
44,504
$
31,915
Alabama
............................................
40,505
41,450
43,580
47,854
40,872
36,364
35,431
35,594
 
35,594
24,809
Alaska
................................................
49,036
49,646
49,594
49,685
49,531
56,164
37,489
37,489
 
37,489
 
Arizona
..............................................
50,841
51,255
52,809
55,301
44,966
48,231
39,682
39,682
 
39,682
 
Arkansas
............................................
38,782
39,378
41,299
47,001
39,502
31,125
36,037
36,748
 
36,748
16,052
California
...........................................
57,716
57,320
60,674
70,350
58,876
52,789
59,328
59,716
74,410
52,233
33,405
Colorado
............................................
47,874
47,745
50,262
56,009
45,562
35,652
48,763
48,763
53,584
43,665
 
Connecticut
........................................
59,253
59,018
61,635
67,363
56,188
51,143
59,524
60,090
77,086
53,141
33,576
Delaware
...........................................
55,148
55,378
57,693
59,944
45,399
42,950
53,092
53,092
 
53,092
 
District
of
Columbia
...........................
56,994
51,610
51,610
 
51,610
 
57,758
57,758
59,352
44,266
 
Florida
................................................
45,677
45,609
50,487
54,649
47,864
39,594
45,944
46,125
57,361
42,076
27,245
Georgia
..............................................
45,188
45,297
47,318
52,580
46,014
36,167
44,883
45,385
67,915
39,120
29,695
Hawaii
................................................
51,470
51,937
56,477
57,741
48,292
44,244
46,540
46,540
 
46,540
 
Idaho
..................................................
42,271
42,604
43,446
47,733
41,495
36,646
41,196
37,910
 
37,910
42,721
Illinois
.................................................
51,065
49,527
49,976
53,824
46,548
48,796
53,818
54,091
71,189
43,184
30,610
Indiana
...............................................
47,351
47,006
49,176
51,805
43,809
34,662
48,101
48,324
68,842
42,239
29,925
Iowa
...................................................
46,113
49,686
55,947
58,998
47,591
35,726
40,149
40,109
51,045
38,644
45,578
Kansas
...............................................
41,497
43,372
46,436
48,886
41,003
35,716
30,603
31,003
 
31,003
24,510
Kentucky
............................................
41,791
43,418
46,269
52,345
42,650
33,107
35,949
36,106
 
36,106
27,036
Louisiana
...........................................
40,689
39,037
39,929
46,288
38,298
31,745
48,104
48,133
54,380
37,270
46,619
Maine
.................................................
43,075
41,823
43,946
47,438
41,987
33,378
46,393
46,966
 
46,966
28,818
Maryland
............................................
49,835
48,994
51,395
57,592
48,264
44,772
52,861
52,923
68,457
45,004
24,267
Massachusetts
...................................
56,498
48,720
52,530
60,364
49,430
39,963
60,944
61,270
69,753
52,094
35,083
Michigan
............................................
52,555
54,677
55,244
61,133
50,274
52,722
41,843
42,067
44,205
41,805
26,714
Minnesota
..........................................
46,617
47,873
52,284
62,922
46,711
41,664
43,613
43,803
 
43,803
36,427
Mississippi
.........................................
39,565
40,004
43,367
45,722
41,882
35,808
36,152
37,077
 
37,077
22,701
Missouri
.............................................
44,993
45,438
47,125
55,872
45,419
39,479
44,113
44,424
58,456
36,649
33,675
Montana
.............................................
38,784
39,737
41,120
42,742
37,603
30,952
32,029
31,834
 
31,834
34,981
Nebraska
...........................................
43,443
44,599
48,000
54,734
43,255
33,692
39,726
39,726
46,658
35,985
 
Nevada
..............................................
49,235
49,338
52,010
55,724
49,758
43,284
29,688
29,688
 
29,688
 
New
Hampshire
.................................
48,438
46,856
49,817
52,205
45,604
34,956
50,547
51,242
 
51,242
24,508
New
Jersey
........................................
60,408
60,796
64,539
73,263
61,394
52,283
59,408
59,540
71,701
49,817
39,947
New
Mexico
.......................................
42,565
42,715
46,635
49,071
39,650
31,257
39,443
39,443
 
39,443
 
New
York
...........................................
55,764
55,594
58,182
62,285
57,527
50,933
55,938
56,393
66,589
49,800
29,601
North
Carolina
...................................
45,065
46,299
48,732
56,948
45,296
30,638
42,206
42,516
60,020
35,977
32,711
North
Dakota
.....................................
35,303
36,104
37,259
37,983
35,580
31,232
29,709
31,298
 
31,298
22,297
Ohio
...................................................
48,468
50,008
52,784
54,168
47,857
40,886
45,025
45,134
64,920
42,989
24,138
Oklahoma
..........................................
40,798
41,046
42,958
48,109
38,836
35,038
39,807
40,286
51,464
35,457
25,039
Oregon
...............................................
44,272
44,002
45,646
47,983
42,832
42,091
45,278
45,278
 
45,278
 
Pennsylvania
.....................................
53,987
55,481
56,830
60,944
54,526
48,206
52,196
52,742
69,693
47,251
28,934
Rhode
Island
.....................................
52,805
50,493
53,509
57,683
46,702
41,379
54,585
54,585
 
54,585
 
South
Carolina
...................................
40,820
41,813
46,655
52,582
40,494
31,510
36,544
36,682
 
36,682
30,294
South
Dakota
.....................................
35,982
37,139
37,274
38,096
36,101
24,834
31,858
31,943
 
31,943
24,000
Tennessee
.........................................
44,431
44,940
48,112
54,072
46,011
34,743
43,278
43,586
66,150
35,055
27,747
Texas
.................................................
45,164
44,294
46,992
53,063
41,883
39,331
48,938
49,130
58,942
41,439
24,942
Utah
...................................................
45,437
43,796
45,919
50,097
39,301
35,147
49,268
49,540
50,420
38,275
33,089
Vermont
.............................................
43,171
45,068
45,068
48,168
37,379
 
41,430
42,640
 
42,640
20,024
Virginia
...............................................
47,365
48,405
51,675
56,288
48,691
38,142
43,894
44,204
 
44,204
26,614
Washington
........................................
45,703
45,774
51,202
54,727
45,381
38,753
45,421
45,421
 
45,421
 
West
Virginia
.....................................
39,793
40,667
41,323
47,507
38,401
31,816
35,038
35,038
 
35,038
 
Wisconsin
..........................................
48,332
49,578
51,246
62,321
47,325
47,064
42,805
42,805
54,746
39,066
 
Wyoming
............................................
39,998
39,998
47,216
47,216
 
32,766
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
........................
61,758
61,758
61,758
 
61,758
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
..............................
31,663
33,248
33,796
34,217
33,495
31,026
19,633
19,633
 
19,633
 
American
Samoa
...............................
32,522
32,522
 
 
 
32,522
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
........
26,884
26,884
 
 
 
26,884
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
.................................................
47,021
47,021
51,273
 
51,273
42,964
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
................................
14,722
14,722
 
 
14,722
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
.............................
32,321
32,321
 
 
 
32,321
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.................................................
15,143
15,143
 
 
 
15,143
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
........................................
30,321
32,059
32,334
34,217
30,743
29,577
19,633
19,633
 
19,633
 
Virgin
Islands
.....................................
45,452
45,452
45,452
 
45,452
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty,
1995
 
96''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1997).
270
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
238.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
4­
year
degree­
granting
institutions,
1
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
rank
of
faculty
and
by
state:
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
Public
university
Public
other
4­
year
Private
university
Private
other
4­
year
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
.................................
$
72,599
$
51,835
$
43,536
$
62,846
$
49,082
$
40,500
$
87,949
$
57,812
$
48,591
$
59,174
$
45,515
$
37,259
Alabama
...............................................
64,158
47,267
40,463
54,692
44,005
37,519
 
 
 
49,175
38,723
32,250
Alaska
..................................................
64,801
55,212
42,008
62,321
51,766
41,529
 
 
 
43,999
41,320
34,617
Arizona
.................................................
71,484
51,330
43,989
59,834
48,623
39,631
 
 
 
56,029
67,093
34,818
Arkansas
..............................................
63,795
48,624
42,159
52,574
42,669
36,859
 
 
 
45,366
38,097
32,426
California
..............................................
91,095
60,378
52,565
69,322
54,177
44,316
93,888
62,303
53,034
68,586
50,189
41,434
Colorado
..............................................
70,540
52,825
45,245
58,442
46,475
39,201
69,380
52,574
45,530
63,840
46,693
36,589
Connecticut
..........................................
85,721
63,263
50,072
71,612
56,936
43,458
104,774
57,794
48,592
69,779
51,848
43,391
Delaware
..............................................
82,337
58,720
47,157
61,375
49,567
41,491
 
 
 
67,059
58,951
37,189
District
of
Columbia
.............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
81,081
54,604
44,940
56,923
45,678
36,637
Florida
..................................................
68,784
49,539
44,692
62,840
48,490
41,613
78,969
54,050
44,169
56,367
42,454
35,984
Georgia
................................................
73,791
52,015
44,752
63,385
50,058
41,113
92,931
58,662
49,729
51,171
41,681
34,420
Hawaii
..................................................
73,539
54,969
47,110
57,836
46,468
41,486
 
 
 
55,256
47,876
43,486
Idaho
....................................................
58,137
47,409
41,637
52,364
43,363
38,608
 
 
 
48,062
40,205
34,954
Illinois
...................................................
73,121
50,784
43,961
59,648
48,217
40,090
94,663
60,655
52,673
55,714
45,330
37,725
Indiana
.................................................
70,174
50,932
41,862
61,436
46,842
40,142
90,337
62,192
51,322
52,382
42,970
36,061
Iowa
.....................................................
75,140
53,768
45,220
64,145
50,027
42,735
63,918
48,366
40,124
50,397
39,711
33,578
Kansas
.................................................
62,199
45,949
40,166
52,362
41,630
35,848
 
 
 
37,858
33,034
28,391
Kentucky
..............................................
68,359
49,405
41,736
55,620
44,964
37,360
 
 
 
47,395
37,734
32,101
Louisiana
.............................................
70,607
52,243
43,494
56,489
45,104
38,101
73,992
52,249
45,363
47,894
39,822
35,312
Maine
...................................................
60,026
48,050
39,691
53,082
43,571
35,669
 
 
 
67,524
49,135
37,746
Maryland
..............................................
76,329
54,023
46,841
63,490
49,832
41,672
88,221
61,840
50,430
57,315
45,824
37,346
Massachusetts
.....................................
75,034
57,090
45,934
59,686
50,854
40,798
93,987
59,515
51,265
69,502
50,488
42,298
Michigan
..............................................
79,054
58,403
48,775
62,557
50,672
42,175
59,902
51,050
36,774
51,470
42,747
37,460
Minnesota
............................................
76,087
52,770
45,696
56,734
46,118
39,313
 
 
 
57,952
44,870
37,133
Mississippi
...........................................
59,110
47,079
40,676
53,554
44,391
38,058
 
 
 
46,357
35,466
32,415
Missouri
...............................................
72,974
54,586
46,778
60,511
48,307
39,465
80,705
54,912
48,918
47,096
39,280
33,745
Montana
...............................................
54,288
44,449
37,972
48,695
40,173
33,679
 
 
 
41,556
35,441
30,483
Nebraska
.............................................
73,016
50,605
43,566
55,717
46,709
37,794
70,712
48,884
36,563
44,919
37,278
32,694
Nevada
................................................
74,895
55,428
45,061
69,528
53,989
44,269
 
 
 
45,876
38,290
27,608
New
Hampshire
...................................
63,794
47,621
39,114
57,829
45,043
37,835
 
 
 
70,387
47,034
40,309
New
Jersey
..........................................
91,007
64,184
48,461
78,477
61,261
47,259
100,970
59,109
47,448
63,953
51,853
40,535
New
Mexico
.........................................
63,004
48,162
39,877
51,953
40,870
34,920
 
 
 
42,072
33,046
31,735
New
York
.............................................
78,429
55,743
43,981
70,744
53,964
43,642
87,507
60,115
50,356
66,417
51,349
40,735
North
Carolina
.....................................
79,294
55,394
48,613
60,946
48,423
41,684
79,455
55,780
44,090
46,356
37,701
32,462
North
Dakota
.......................................
49,892
41,318
36,740
46,731
38,471
34,259
 
 
 
42,283
35,202
31,726
Ohio
.....................................................
71,830
52,483
42,636
63,967
49,107
39,404
82,174
59,309
51,029
56,568
43,838
36,294
Oklahoma
............................................
63,279
46,424
38,676
49,687
42,303
38,069
69,968
47,919
38,694
48,989
39,398
30,383
Oregon
.................................................
60,405
46,014
39,507
51,640
40,592
35,780
 
 
 
58,375
44,469
35,179
Pennsylvania
.......................................
81,139
57,502
45,187
71,306
56,029
44,408
92,520
61,022
51,974
62,730
48,707
39,715
Rhode
Island
.......................................
68,840
51,631
44,032
54,238
47,880
39,535
 
 
 
71,982
51,771
45,032
South
Carolina
.....................................
68,422
50,207
42,245
52,509
43,677
36,923
 
 
 
49,045
37,662
32,153
South
Dakota
.......................................
47,584
39,128
34,428
46,889
38,811
33,324
 
 
 
41,344
35,324
31,156
Tennessee
...........................................
65,579
51,299
43,418
58,146
45,503
38,092
89,305
59,212
46,166
45,412
36,144
32,393
Texas
...................................................
72,418
48,720
42,985
55,577
43,991
38,151
78,127
54,650
45,442
55,335
42,932
35,081
Utah
.....................................................
65,870
47,800
40,538
47,910
39,846
36,200
64,766
49,191
42,334
47,935
39,540
34,458
Vermont
...............................................
64,822
48,988
39,650
45,983
37,666
30,465
 
 
 
57,600
42,070
37,205
Virginia
.................................................
73,057
52,082
44,719
63,388
49,503
39,985
 
 
 
57,444
44,612
36,374
Washington
..........................................
68,166
48,701
43,452
53,171
43,553
37,225
 
 
 
58,225
45,257
38,667
West
Virginia
.......................................
60,938
47,969
39,976
47,335
39,052
33,268
 
 
 
42,916
37,659
31,378
Wisconsin
............................................
71,625
53,805
47,896
56,712
46,598
39,737
69,887
53,844
43,280
50,112
40,446
35,029
Wyoming
..............................................
58,176
45,659
40,475
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
...........................
 
 
 
74,021
57,949
48,942
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
.................................
44,033
36,577
30,313
40,981
35,663
31,224
 
 
 
15,893
29,069
24,759
American
Samoa
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
...................................................
 
 
 
70,312
54,690
43,942
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
..........................................
44,033
36,577
30,313
38,836
32,555
28,236
 
 
 
15,893
29,069
24,759
Virgin
Islands
.......................................
 
 
 
54,987
45,124
38,777
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Includes
4­
year
degree
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty,
1996
 
97''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
271
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
239.
 
Average
salary
of
full­
time
instructional
faculty
on
9­
month
contracts
in
4­
year
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution
and
rank
of
faculty
and
by
state:
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
Public
university
Public
other
4­
year
Private
university
Private
other
4­
year
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States
..................................
$
69,924
$
50,186
$
42,335
$
61,076
$
47,850
$
39,544
$
84,970
$
56,517
$
47,387
$
57,089
$
44,186
$
36,325
Alabama
...............................................
62,390
46,175
39,248
53,010
42,698
36,375
 
 
 
45,566
37,175
31,028
Alaska
..................................................
65,161
54,047
43,848
61,135
50,717
41,174
 
 
 
41,498
41,676
34,410
Arizona
.................................................
68,888
49,492
43,066
58,775
47,539
38,981
 
 
 
47,956
44,806
31,343
Arkansas
..............................................
61,336
47,575
41,002
50,980
41,391
35,689
 
 
 
43,878
37,204
31,116
California
..............................................
85,413
56,794
49,216
67,003
51,564
42,685
93,239
61,898
51,850
66,408
49,750
40,383
Colorado
..............................................
67,322
50,431
43,378
56,309
45,183
38,142
67,217
50,895
44,940
56,859
42,967
33,621
Connecticut
..........................................
82,383
61,187
47,683
68,680
55,361
42,014
100,780
56,269
47,455
67,060
50,438
42,412
Delaware
..............................................
78,998
57,324
45,542
60,902
47,905
41,092
 
 
 
63,372
57,739
40,078
District
of
Columbia
.............................
 
 
 
60,588
48,285
39,443
77,980
53,007
43,517
55,920
44,624
36,383
Florida
..................................................
65,827
46,252
42,734
60,336
46,483
40,759
75,661
53,277
43,032
54,865
41,324
35,065
Georgia
................................................
69,549
49,500
41,710
59,802
47,848
39,414
88,656
57,909
48,878
49,438
40,894
33,869
Hawaii
..................................................
72,025
54,713
47,058
58,252
47,664
42,804
 
 
 
54,152
46,456
41,138
Idaho
....................................................
55,463
45,181
41,217
49,845
41,736
36,822
 
 
 
45,725
37,299
33,190
Illinois
...................................................
70,074
49,458
42,042
57,942
46,799
39,292
90,944
59,938
50,859
53,928
43,650
36,943
Indiana
.................................................
67,151
48,838
40,835
59,107
45,465
39,201
86,818
60,580
49,998
51,722
42,292
35,328
Iowa
.....................................................
72,891
53,185
44,020
62,052
48,729
41,629
63,809
47,234
40,652
48,518
39,040
32,773
Kansas
.................................................
61,279
45,374
39,387
51,778
41,733
35,815
 
 
 
36,583
32,111
28,159
Kentucky
..............................................
66,430
47,686
40,938
53,759
43,728
36,265
 
 
 
44,955
36,242
31,722
Louisiana
.............................................
61,130
44,254
37,898
49,829
40,080
34,664
72,166
53,193
42,826
46,697
38,563
34,696
Maine
...................................................
58,275
45,694
38,353
51,474
41,513
34,135
 
 
 
65,027
47,161
36,588
Maryland
..............................................
73,989
52,297
46,196
63,003
49,311
41,577
84,580
58,834
47,902
54,772
44,139
36,306
Massachusetts
.....................................
70,319
53,098
43,258
56,565
47,801
39,336
90,651
58,456
50,289
67,374
49,051
41,314
Michigan
..............................................
75,895
56,450
47,456
60,929
49,253
40,987
55,356
44,226
37,182
50,041
41,451
36,109
Minnesota
............................................
74,328
51,463
45,611
54,485
44,753
37,897
 
 
 
55,776
43,256
36,024
Mississippi
...........................................
58,615
46,386
40,649
53,495
43,670
37,733
 
 
 
45,818
37,042
32,997
Missouri
...............................................
68,773
51,557
45,108
57,140
46,356
38,212
76,800
52,602
45,574
45,663
37,430
32,730
Montana
...............................................
50,728
41,570
36,430
46,558
37,626
32,732
 
 
 
35,697
31,047
31,518
Nebraska
.............................................
71,391
49,411
42,735
53,718
44,698
37,161
69,771
48,644
35,633
43,626
36,600
32,035
Nevada
................................................
70,672
52,609
42,054
65,586
51,336
42,708
 
 
 
43,691
29,914
13,273
New
Hampshire
...................................
64,240
48,104
40,127
55,694
44,153
37,049
 
 
 
68,903
45,483
38,183
New
Jersey
..........................................
92,584
65,547
50,285
77,607
61,134
47,872
97,220
58,733
45,208
61,080
49,684
39,914
New
Mexico
.........................................
61,962
47,364
39,341
51,348
40,084
34,460
 
 
 
43,296
36,506
30,930
New
York
.............................................
78,428
55,887
43,915
70,935
54,347
43,701
83,612
58,311
48,607
64,002
49,809
39,691
North
Carolina
.....................................
72,682
51,440
45,144
57,847
46,052
39,827
76,066
54,509
44,586
44,847
36,641
31,727
North
Dakota
.......................................
48,084
39,786
35,827
45,131
36,887
33,415
 
 
 
41,017
34,158
31,044
Ohio
.....................................................
68,621
50,523
41,440
62,596
48,037
38,718
79,893
57,359
49,829
54,807
42,356
35,267
Oklahoma
............................................
60,434
44,890
37,858
47,875
40,570
36,880
68,185
49,088
39,205
45,394
38,630
29,639
Oregon
.................................................
61,149
46,138
40,124
51,820
40,855
35,929
 
 
 
56,483
43,361
35,767
Pennsylvania
.......................................
79,229
56,381
44,953
71,512
55,784
44,542
89,077
59,000
49,988
60,123
47,137
38,447
Rhode
Island
.......................................
65,870
49,774
43,346
52,979
46,045
38,662
 
 
 
69,683
50,282
43,466
South
Carolina
.....................................
65,998
48,591
41,654
49,727
42,142
35,537
 
 
 
47,102
36,172
31,038
South
Dakota
.......................................
47,974
38,615
35,270
47,079
38,980
32,553
 
 
 
40,347
32,752
30,257
Tennessee
...........................................
63,839
49,636
42,613
56,843
45,508
37,704
86,111
57,222
45,353
44,141
35,691
31,378
Texas
...................................................
69,440
46,850
41,170
53,810
43,590
36,831
77,482
53,540
46,490
52,668
41,411
33,416
Utah
.....................................................
63,886
46,098
39,541
48,595
39,511
35,211
63,292
47,942
40,652
46,967
39,284
33,638
Vermont
...............................................
62,301
47,018
38,208
44,854
36,723
30,548
 
 
 
55,337
41,376
35,455
Virginia
.................................................
71,669
50,956
43,504
61,642
47,985
39,168
 
 
 
55,891
43,744
35,576
Washington
..........................................
67,725
48,179
42,880
53,051
43,707
37,650
 
 
 
57,791
45,041
38,287
West
Virginia
.......................................
58,545
46,249
38,084
46,150
38,404
32,697
 
 
 
42,483
36,147
30,821
Wisconsin
............................................
70,851
52,938
46,561
56,095
46,069
39,377
71,423
53,621
43,878
49,252
39,352
33,800
Wyoming
..............................................
58,722
45,679
41,098
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
...........................
 
 
 
73,712
57,491
52,214
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
.................................
41,404
34,589
28,640
40,061
35,275
30,408
 
 
 
15,790
23,472
22,720
American
Samoa
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
...................................................
 
 
 
70,692
57,425
44,197
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
..........................................
41,404
34,589
28,640
37,870
31,559
27,202
 
 
 
15,790
23,472
22,720
Virgin
Islands
.......................................
 
 
 
55,827
46,009
39,102
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
include
imputations
for
nonrespondent
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty,
1995
 
96''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1997.)
272
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
FACULTY
Table
240.
 
Full­
time
instructional
faculty
with
tenure
for
institutions
reporting
tenure
status,
by
academic
rank,
sex,
and
type
and
control
of
institution:
1980
 
81,
1990
 
91,
1995
 
96,
and
1996
 
97
Academic
year,
type,
and
control
of
institution
Percent
with
tenure,
by
rank
Percent
with
tenure,
by
sex
All
ranks
Professor
Associate
professor
Assistant
professor
Instructor
Lecturer
No
academic
rank
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1980
 
81
All
institutions
...................................................
64.8
95.8
82.9
27.9
9.2
11.9
77.4
70.0
49.7
4­
year
..........................................................
62.7
95.8
82.2
24.1
6.6
10.7
24.7
68.3
44.0
University
.................................................
64.5
96.7
83.7
15.3
5.4
4.3
3.5
70.0
41.0
Other
4­
year
............................................
61.3
94.9
81.2
29.7
7.1
17.8
32.4
67.0
45.5
2­
year
..........................................................
74.5
95.6
89.2
58.9
19.8
34.8
81.1
78.8
66.6
Public
institutions
.............................................
68.0
96.6
85.9
32.5
11.8
14.3
79.4
72.8
54.0
4­
year
..........................................................
65.7
96.6
85.3
27.6
8.7
12.8
12.2
71.1
47.5
University
.................................................
66.0
96.9
86.5
16.8
6.1
4.9
4.5
71.3
42.8
Other
4­
year
............................................
65.5
96.3
84.4
35.5
10.0
21.4
17.2
70.9
50.2
2­
year
..........................................................
75.2
95.9
89.5
59.5
20.3
35.8
81.8
79.3
67.5
Private
institutions
............................................
55.9
93.8
75.2
17.5
3.0
1.5
43.4
62.2
37.2
4­
year
..........................................................
56.0
93.8
75.2
17.4
2.8
1.5
37.5
62.2
37.2
University
.................................................
60.4
96.3
75.8
11.5
3.5
1.8
0.6
66.3
36.5
Other
4­
year
............................................
53.6
92.0
74.9
20.2
2.6
1.2
43.4
59.8
37.4
2­
year
..........................................................
49.5
84.7
77.3
35.2
8.8
 
52.2
57.3
39.5
1990
 
91
All
institutions
...................................................
61.2
95.6
80.8
18.6
6.8
6.9
36.3
67.8
45.3
4­
year
..........................................................
61.7
95.7
80.4
15.8
4.1
6.0
19.1
68.6
43.9
University
.................................................
65.2
97.2
85.4
9.0
3.5
2.1
1.4
71.6
43.6
Other
4­
year
............................................
59.4
94.6
77.1
19.7
4.3
9.2
30.2
66.3
44.0
2­
year
..........................................................
57.1
93.7
85.3
50.7
16.3
26.6
39.8
60.9
51.9
Public
institutions
.............................................
62.9
96.3
83.7
21.7
8.6
8.4
36.6
69.4
47.4
4­
year
..........................................................
64.0
96.5
83.5
18.0
5.3
7.3
11.3
70.8
45.9
University
.................................................
66.3
97.3
88.3
9.7
4.2
2.4
0.4
72.8
44.5
Other
4­
year
............................................
62.3
95.9
79.9
23.4
5.7
10.6
23.5
69.1
46.7
2­
year
..........................................................
57.3
93.7
85.6
51.4
16.7
26.7
39.7
61.0
52.2
Private
institutions
............................................
56.7
93.9
73.8
11.8
1.5
1.0
33.3
63.7
39.8
4­
year
..........................................................
56.8
93.9
73.8
11.6
1.4
1.0
31.2
63.7
39.8
University
.................................................
62.2
96.9
77.4
7.3
1.4
1.4
6.5
68.5
41.3
Other
4­
year
............................................
53.9
91.9
72.0
13.5
1.5
0.5
36.3
60.9
39.2
2­
year
..........................................................
45.7
90.2
70.9
29.0
4.3
 
49.7
53.1
39.3
1995
 
96
All
institutions
...................................................
64.8
96.1
83.3
16.7
7.1
1.3
75.1
71.8
51.0
4­
year
..........................................................
63.1
96.3
83.1
13.7
3.9
1.3
21.1
70.8
46.2
University
.................................................
66.9
97.4
87.9
6.7
2.5
1.0
5.5
74.3
46.3
Other
4­
year
............................................
60.6
95.4
80.0
17.4
4.3
1.6
29.2
68.3
46.1
2­
year
..........................................................
73.7
93.4
85.0
50.0
18.1
 
79.8
78.0
68.3
Public
institutions
.............................................
67.7
97.3
87.1
19.8
9.1
1.4
76.6
74.6
54.3
4­
year
..........................................................
65.9
97.7
87.3
15.5
5.2
1.5
12.5
73.8
48.2
University
.................................................
69.1
98.2
91.4
7.3
3.0
1.1
5.9
76.7
47.9
Other
4­
year
............................................
63.5
97.3
84.1
20.6
6.1
1.7
16.2
71.3
48.3
2­
year
..........................................................
73.8
93.4
85.4
50.7
18.0
 
79.7
78.1
68.5
Private
institutions
............................................
57.8
93.4
75.2
10.7
1.4
0.9
51.1
65.2
42.9
4­
year
..........................................................
57.7
93.4
75.2
10.6
1.1
0.9
32.2
65.1
42.6
University
.................................................
61.5
95.5
78.8
5.5
1.1
0.9
5.1
68.5
42.7
Other
4­
year
............................................
55.7
92.0
73.6
12.8
1.1
1.0
45.9
63.1
42.6
2­
year
..........................................................
66.9
95.0
59.2
25.1
 
 
80.5
73.0
59.1
1996
 
97
All
institutions
...................................................
64.9
96.0
83.2
16.3
7.2
1.5
74.7
71.8
51.6
4­
year
..........................................................
63.2
96.2
83.2
13.2
3.8
1.5
22.4
70.9
46.9
University
.................................................
67.2
97.3
87.9
6.4
3.1
1.3
3.5
74.6
47.4
Other
4­
year
............................................
60.5
95.4
80.2
16.7
4.1
1.7
30.1
68.1
46.7
2­
year
..........................................................
73.7
93.3
83.5
50.7
18.9
 
79.6
77.7
68.9
Public
institutions
.............................................
67.6
97.2
87.0
19.1
9.2
1.4
76.4
74.4
54.8
4­
year
..........................................................
65.8
97.7
87.3
14.7
4.9
1.5
14.3
73.6
48.8
University
.................................................
69.4
98.1
91.5
6.8
3.4
1.2
1.3
76.9
49.1
Other
4­
year
............................................
63.2
97.2
84.1
19.4
5.5
1.7
19.9
70.9
48.7
2­
year
..........................................................
73.9
93.4
83.9
51.3
19.1
 
79.7
77.9
69.2
Private
institutions
............................................
58.2
93.4
75.3
10.8
1.6
1.6
47.5
65.6
43.5
4­
year
..........................................................
58.1
93.4
75.4
10.7
1.6
1.6
32.6
65.6
43.5
University
.................................................
62.1
95.2
78.5
5.7
2.1
1.5
6.5
69.2
43.4
Other
4­
year
............................................
56.1
92.2
73.9
12.8
1.4
1.7
42.3
63.4
43.5
2­
year
..........................................................
62.3
85.4
54.3
28.9
5.0
 
75.9
70.2
50.1
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Faculty
Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits;''
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Salaries
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
273
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
INSTITUTIONS
Table
241.
 
Institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
All
institutions
Public
Private
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Excluding
branch
campuses
1949
 
50
................................................................
1,851
1,327
524
641
344
297
1,210
983
227
1950
 
51
................................................................
1,852
1,312
540
636
341
295
1,216
971
245
1951
 
52
................................................................
1,832
1,326
506
641
350
291
1,191
976
215
1952
 
53
................................................................
1,882
1,355
527
639
349
290
1,243
1,006
237
1953
 
54
................................................................
1,863
1,345
518
662
369
293
1,201
976
225
1954
 
55
................................................................
1,849
1,333
516
648
353
295
1,201
980
221
1955
 
56
................................................................
1,850
1,347
503
650
360
290
1,200
987
213
1956
 
57
................................................................
1,878
1,355
523
656
359
297
1,222
996
226
1957
 
58
................................................................
1,930
1,390
540
666
366
300
1,264
1,024
240
1958
 
59
................................................................
1,947
1,394
553
673
366
307
1,274
1,028
246
1959
 
60
................................................................
2,004
1,422
582
695
367
328
1,309
1,055
254
1960
 
61
................................................................
2,021
1,431
590
700
368
332
1,321
1,063
258
1961
 
62
................................................................
2,033
1,443
590
718
374
344
1,315
1,069
246
1962
 
63
................................................................
2,093
1,468
625
740
376
364
1,353
1,092
261
1963
 
64
................................................................
2,132
1,499
633
760
386
374
1,372
1,113
259
1964
 
65
................................................................
2,175
1,521
654
799
393
406
1,376
1,128
248
1965
 
66
................................................................
2,230
1,551
679
821
401
420
1,409
1,150
259
1966
 
67
................................................................
2,329
1,577
752
880
403
477
1,449
1,174
275
1967
 
68
................................................................
2,374
1,588
786
934
414
520
1,440
1,174
266
1968
 
69
................................................................
2,483
1,619
864
1,011
417
594
1,472
1,202
270
1969
 
70
................................................................
2,525
1,639
886
1,060
426
634
1,465
1,213
252
1970
 
71
................................................................
2,556
1,665
891
1,089
435
654
1,467
1,230
237
1971
 
72
................................................................
2,606
1,675
931
1,137
440
697
1,469
1,235
234
1972
 
73
................................................................
2,665
1,701
964
1,182
449
733
1,483
1,252
231
1973
 
74
................................................................
2,720
1,717
1,003
1,200
440
760
1,520
1,277
243
1974
 
75
................................................................
2,747
1,744
1,003
1,214
447
767
1,533
1,297
236
1975
 
76
................................................................
2,765
1,767
998
1,219
447
772
1,546
1,320
226
1976
 
77
................................................................
2,785
1,783
1,002
1,231
452
779
1,554
1,331
223
1977
 
78
................................................................
2,826
1,808
1,018
1,241
454
787
1,585
1,354
231
1978
 
79
................................................................
2,954
1,843
1,111
1,308
463
845
1,646
1,380
266
1979
 
80
................................................................
2,975
1,863
1,112
1,310
464
846
1,665
1,399
266
1980
 
81
................................................................
3,056
1,861
1,195
1,334
465
869
1,722
1,396
1
326
1981
 
82
................................................................
3,083
1,883
1,200
1,340
471
869
1,743
1,412
1
331
1982
 
83
...............................................................
3,111
1,887
1,224
1,336
472
864
1,775
1,415
1
360
1983
 
84
................................................................
3,117
1,914
1,203
1,325
474
851
1,792
1,440
352
1984
 
85
................................................................
3,146
1,911
1,235
1,329
461
868
1,817
1,450
367
1985
 
86
................................................................
3,155
1,915
1,240
1,326
461
865
1,829
1,454
375
Including
branch
campuses
1974
 
75
................................................................
3,004
1,866
1,138
1,433
537
896
1,571
1,329
242
1975
 
76
................................................................
3,026
1,898
1,128
1,442
545
897
1,584
1,353
231
1976
 
77
................................................................
3,046
1,913
1,133
1,455
550
905
1,591
1,363
228
1977
 
78
................................................................
3,095
1,938
1,157
1,473
552
921
1,622
1,386
236
1978
 
79
................................................................
3,134
1,941
1,193
1,474
550
924
1,660
1,391
269
1979
 
80
................................................................
3,152
1,957
1,195
1,475
549
926
1,677
1,408
269
1980
 
81
................................................................
3,231
1,957
1,274
1,497
552
945
1,734
1,405
1
329
1981
 
82
................................................................
3,253
1,979
1,274
1,498
558
940
1,755
1,421
1
334
1982
 
83
................................................................
3,280
1,984
1,296
1,493
560
933
1,787
1,424
1
363
1983
 
84
................................................................
3,284
2,013
1,271
1,481
565
916
1,803
1,448
355
1984
 
85
................................................................
3,331
2,025
1,306
1,501
566
935
1,830
1,459
371
1985
 
86
................................................................
3,340
2,029
1,311
1,498
566
932
1,842
1,463
379
1986
 
87
2
..............................................................
3,406
2,070
1,336
1,533
573
960
1,873
1,497
376
1987
 
88
2
..............................................................
3,587
2,135
1,452
1,591
599
992
1,996
1,536
460
1988
 
89
2
..............................................................
3,565
2,129
1,436
1,582
598
984
1,983
1,531
452
1989
 
90
2
..............................................................
3,535
2,127
1,408
1,563
595
968
1,972
1,532
440
1990
 
91
2
..............................................................
3,559
2,141
1,418
1,567
595
972
1,992
1,546
446
1991
 
92
2
..............................................................
3,601
2,157
1,444
1,598
599
999
2,003
1,558
445
1992
 
93
2
..............................................................
3,638
2,169
1,469
1,624
600
1,024
2,014
1,569
445
1993
 
94
2
..............................................................
3,632
2,190
1,442
1,625
604
1,021
2,007
1,586
421
1994
 
95
2
..............................................................
3,688
2,215
1,473
1,641
605
1,036
2,047
1,610
437
1995
 
96
2
..............................................................
3,706
2,244
1,462
1,655
608
1,047
2,051
1,636
415
1
Large
increases
are
due
to
the
addition
of
schools
accredited
by
the
Accrediting
Commission
of
Career
Schools
and
Colleges
of
Technology.
2
Because
of
revised
survey
procedures,
data
are
not
entirely
comparable
with
figures
for
earlier
years.
The
number
of
branch
campuses
reporting
separately
has
increased
since
1986
 
87.

NOTE.
 
Includes
those
colleges
designated
as
institutions
of
higher
education
by
the
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
even
if
they
have
a
less
than
2­
year
program.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Education
Directory,
Colleges
and
Universities;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Higher
Education''
and
``
Institutional
Characteristics
of
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
274
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
INSTITUTIONS
Table
242.
 
Degree­
granting
institutions
of
higher
education
and
branches,
by
type,
control
of
institution,
and
state:
1996
 
97
State
or
other
area
Total
Public,
4­
year
institutions
Public
2­
year
Private
4­
year
institutions
Private
2­
year
Total
Research
1
Doctoral
2
Master
3
Baccalaureate
4
Other
4­
year
5
Total
Research
1
Doctoral
2
Master
3
Baccalaureate
4
Other
4­
year
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
United
States
..................
4,009
614
85
66
278
113
72
1,088
1,653
40
49
291
659
614
654
Alabama
...............................
82
18
2
2
13
1
0
34
18
0
0
4
10
4
12
Alaska
..................................
7
3
0
1
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
1
Arizona
.................................
67
5
2
1
1
0
1
20
20
0
0
2
8
10
22
Arkansas
..............................
47
10
1
0
6
2
1
24
10
0
0
1
8
1
3
California
..............................
383
32
9
1
19
0
3
108
175
3
9
33
33
97
68
Colorado
..............................
69
14
2
3
2
5
2
15
21
0
1
3
8
9
19
Connecticut
..........................
42
6
1
0
4
0
1
12
19
1
0
7
6
5
5
Delaware
..............................
9
2
1
0
1
0
0
3
4
0
0
2
1
1
0
District
of
Columbia
.............
17
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
15
3
2
3
1
6
0
Florida
..................................
134
10
3
3
3
0
1
28
59
1
2
11
24
21
37
Georgia
................................
102
19
2
1
12
1
3
34
40
1
2
2
21
14
9
Hawaii
..................................
20
3
1
0
0
2
0
7
7
0
0
2
1
4
3
Idaho
....................................
14
4
1
1
1
1
0
3
4
0
0
0
3
1
3
Illinois
...................................
173
12
3
2
7
0
0
49
94
2
3
15
30
44
18
Indiana
.................................
96
14
2
3
7
2
0
14
40
1
0
6
22
11
28
Iowa
.....................................
64
3
2
0
1
0
0
17
37
0
0
5
27
5
7
Kansas
.................................
58
10
2
1
4
1
2
23
21
0
0
5
13
3
4
Kentucky
..............................
65
8
1
1
6
0
0
14
28
0
0
4
16
8
15
Louisiana
..............................
77
14
1
3
9
0
1
43
11
1
0
3
3
4
9
Maine
...................................
34
8
0
1
1
5
1
7
13
0
1
1
7
4
6
Maryland
..............................
56
13
1
1
9
1
1
20
20
1
0
4
6
9
3
Massachusetts
.....................
124
15
1
1
8
2
3
18
80
6
3
12
26
33
11
Michigan
...............................
110
15
3
2
10
0
0
29
59
0
2
6
21
30
7
Minnesota
............................
116
12
1
0
6
4
1
46
37
0
1
4
15
17
21
Mississippi
............................
44
9
2
1
3
2
1
22
11
0
0
2
5
4
2
Missouri
................................
109
14
1
3
6
2
2
18
58
2
0
9
19
28
19
Montana
...............................
29
6
0
2
3
1
0
13
5
0
0
0
4
1
5
Nebraska
..............................
37
7
1
0
4
1
1
9
16
0
0
2
9
5
5
Nevada
.................................
13
2
0
1
1
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
1
2
4
New
Hampshire
...................
29
5
0
1
2
2
0
7
13
0
2
2
5
4
4
New
Jersey
..........................
58
14
1
2
7
3
1
19
20
1
2
5
6
6
5
New
Mexico
.........................
44
6
2
0
3
0
1
20
13
0
0
1
6
6
5
New
York
.............................
310
42
3
3
19
8
9
47
164
8
9
29
46
72
57
North
Carolina
......................
121
16
2
1
9
3
1
58
42
1
1
7
28
5
5
North
Dakota
........................
23
6
0
2
1
3
0
9
4
0
0
1
1
2
4
Ohio
.....................................
178
24
4
6
1
11
2
39
67
1
1
11
32
22
48
Oklahoma
.............................
45
14
2
0
6
4
2
15
13
0
1
4
4
4
3
Oregon
.................................
51
8
2
1
2
1
2
17
25
0
0
4
10
11
1
Pennsylvania
........................
249
45
3
2
16
21
3
20
100
3
3
19
44
31
84
Rhode
Island
........................
12
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
9
1
0
1
3
4
0
South
Carolina
.....................
60
12
2
0
6
3
1
21
22
0
0
2
17
3
5
South
Dakota
.......................
27
8
0
1
2
2
3
6
10
0
0
0
8
2
3
Tennessee
...........................
83
11
1
3
5
0
2
14
43
1
0
5
25
12
15
Texas
...................................
187
40
4
6
22
2
6
67
55
1
3
14
20
17
25
Utah
.....................................
21
5
2
0
1
2
0
4
4
1
0
2
1
0
8
Vermont
...............................
25
5
1
0
2
2
0
1
15
0
0
3
10
2
4
Virginia
.................................
92
15
3
3
6
3
0
24
41
0
0
13
20
8
12
Washington
..........................
72
8
2
0
5
1
0
32
26
0
0
11
3
12
6
West
Virginia
........................
37
13
1
0
1
9
2
5
10
0
0
3
6
1
9
Wisconsin
.............................
66
13
2
0
11
0
0
19
30
0
1
5
15
9
4
Wyoming
..............................
9
1
1
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
U.
S.
Service
Schools
...........
12
11
0
0
0
0
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Outlying
areas
.................
79
14
0
1
4
5
4
12
37
0
0
6
19
12
16
American
Samoa
.................
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Guam
...................................
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marshall
Islands
...................
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Micronesia
............................
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Northern
Marianas
...............
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Palau
....................................
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Puerto
Rico
..........................
66
11
0
1
1
5
4
2
37
0
0
6
19
12
16
Virgin
Islands
.......................
2
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Research
institutions
are
commited
to
graduate
education
through
the
doctorate,
give
high
priority
to
research
and
receive
more
than
$
15.5
million
in
federal
research
funds
annually.
2
Doctoral
institutions
offer
a
full
range
of
baccalaureate
programs
and
are
committed
to
eduation
through
the
doctorate.
They
award
at
least
40
doctoral
degrees
annually
in
5
or
more
disciplines.
3
Master's
institutions
offer
a
full
range
of
baccalaureate
programs
and
are
committed
to
education
through
the
master's
degree.
They
award
at
least
20
master's
degrees
per
year.
4
Baccalaureate
institutions
primarily
emphasize
undergraduate
education.
5
Other
specialized
4­
year
institutions
award
degrees
primarily
in
single
fields
of
study,
such
as
medicine,
business,
fine
arts,
theology
and
engineering.
Also,
includes
some
institutions
which
have
4­
year
programs,
but
have
not
reported
sufficient
data
to
identify
program
category.

NOTE.
 
New
institutions
which
do
not
have
sufficient
data
to
report
by
detailed
level
are
included
under
``
other
4­
year''
or
2­
year
depending
on
level
reported
by
institution.
Data
are
not
comparable
with
preceding
table.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Institutional
Characteristics,
1996
 
97''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
December
1998.)
275
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
INSTITUTIONS
Table
243.
 
Institutions
of
higher
education
that
have
closed
their
doors,
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1960
 
61
to
1996
 
97
Year
All
institutions
Public
Private
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
Total
4­
year
2­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Excluding
branch
campuses:
Total,
1960
 
61
to
1991
 
92
.........
343
179
164
38
1
37
305
178
127
1960
 
61
.............................................
8
1
7
1
 
1
7
1
6
1961
 
62
.............................................
2
1
1
 
 
 
2
1
1
1962
 
63
.............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1963
 
64
.............................................
7
1
6
1
 
1
6
1
5
1964
 
65
.............................................
8
1
7
4
 
4
4
1
3
1965
 
66
.............................................
8
2
6
4
 
4
4
2
2
1966
 
67
.............................................
9
2
7
3
 
3
6
2
4
1967
 
68
.............................................
14
6
8
 
 
 
14
6
8
1968
 
69
.............................................
21
11
10
1
 
1
20
11
9
1969
 
70
.............................................
18
8
10
3
 
3
15
8
7
1970
 
71
.............................................
32
9
23
9
 
9
23
9
14
1971
 
72
.............................................
12
3
9
3
 
3
9
3
6
1972
 
73
.............................................
19
12
7
2
 
2
17
12
5
1973
 
74
.............................................
18
11
7
 
 
 
18
11
7
1974
 
75
.............................................
17
13
4
3
 
3
14
13
1
1975
 
76
.............................................
8
6
2
2
1
1
6
5
1
1976
 
77
.............................................
8
5
3
 
 
 
8
5
3
1977
 
78
.............................................
12
9
3
 
 
 
12
9
3
1978
 
79
.............................................
9
4
5
 
 
 
9
4
5
1979
 
80
.............................................
6
5
1
 
 
 
6
5
1
1980
 
81
.............................................
4
3
1
 
 
 
4
3
1
1981
 
82
.............................................
7
6
1
 
 
 
7
6
1
1982
 
83
.............................................
7
4
3
 
 
 
7
4
3
1983
 
84
.............................................
4
4
 
 
 
 
4
4
 
1984
 
85
.............................................
4
4
 
 
 
 
4
4
 
1985
 
86
.............................................
10
6
4
1
 
1
9
6
3
1986
 
87
and
1987
 
88
......................
25
19
6
1
 
1
24
19
5
1988
 
89
.............................................
14
6
8
 
 
 
14
6
8
1989
 
90
.............................................
12
6
6
 
 
 
12
6
6
1990
 
91
.............................................
10
4
6
 
 
 
10
4
6
1991
 
92
.............................................
10
7
3
 
 
 
10
7
3
Including
branch
campuses:
Total,
1969
 
70
to
1996
 
97
.........
448
212
236
39
5
34
409
207
202
1969
 
70
.............................................
24
10
14
5
1
4
19
9
10
1970
 
71
.............................................
35
10
25
11
 
11
24
10
14
1971
 
72
.............................................
14
5
9
3
 
3
11
5
6
1972
 
73
.............................................
21
12
9
4
 
4
17
12
5
1973
 
74
.............................................
20
12
8
1
 
1
19
12
7
1974
 
75
.............................................
18
13
5
4
 
4
14
13
1
1975
 
76
.............................................
9
7
2
2
1
1
7
6
1
1976
 
77
.............................................
9
6
3
 
 
 
9
6
3
1977
 
78
.............................................
12
9
3
 
 
 
12
9
3
1978
 
79
.............................................
9
4
5
 
 
 
9
4
5
1979
 
80
.............................................
6
5
1
 
 
 
6
5
1
1980
 
81
.............................................
4
3
1
 
 
 
4
3
1
1981
 
82
.............................................
7
6
1
 
 
 
7
6
1
1982
 
83
.............................................
7
4
3
 
 
 
7
4
3
1983
 
84
.............................................
5
5
 
1
1
 
4
4
 
1984
 
85
.............................................
4
4
 
 
 
 
4
4
 
1985
 
86
.............................................
12
8
4
1
1
 
11
7
4
1986
 
87
and
1987
 
88
......................
26
19
7
1
 
1
25
19
6
1988
 
89
.............................................
14
6
8
 
 
 
14
6
8
1989
 
90
.............................................
19
8
11
 
 
 
19
8
11
1990
 
91
.............................................
18
6
12
 
 
 
18
6
12
1991
 
92
.............................................
26
8
18
1
 
1
25
8
17
1992
 
93
.............................................
24
6
18
 
 
 
24
6
18
1993
 
94
.............................................
38
10
28
1
 
1
37
10
27
1994
 
95
.............................................
15
8
7
2
 
2
13
8
5
1995
 
96
.............................................
21
8
13
1
1
 
20
7
13
1996
 
97
.............................................
31
10
21
1
 
1
30
10
20
 
Data
not
applicable
or
not
available.

NOTE.
 
This
table
indicates
the
year
in
which
the
institution
closed.
Some
data
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Education
Directory,
Higher
Education,
1960
 
61
to
1974
 
75;
Education
Directory,
Colleges
and
Universities,
1975
 
76
to
1983
 
84;
1982
 
83
Supplement
to
the
Education
Directory
Colleges
and
Universities;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
276
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
244.
 
Earned
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1869
 
70
to
2007
 
08
Year
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
First­
professional
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1869
 
70
......................................
 
 
 
1
9,371
1
7,993
1
1,378
0
0
0
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
1
1
0
1879
 
80
......................................
 
 
 
1
12,896
1
10,411
1
2,485
879
868
11
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
54
51
3
1889
 
90
......................................
 
 
 
1
15,539
1
12,857
1
2,682
1,015
821
194
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
149
147
2
1899
 
1900
.................................
 
 
 
1
27,410
1
22,173
1
5,237
1,583
1,280
303
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
382
359
23
1909
 
10
......................................
 
 
 
1
37,199
1
28,762
1
8,437
2,113
1,555
558
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
443
399
44
1919
 
20
......................................
 
 
 
1
48,622
1
31,980
1
16,642
4,279
2,985
1,294
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
615
522
93
1929
 
30
......................................
 
 
 
1
122,484
1
73,615
1
48,869
14,969
8,925
6,044
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
2,299
1,946
353
1939
 
40
......................................
 
 
 
1
186,500
1
109,546
1
76,954
26,731
16,508
10,223
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
3,290
2,861
429
1949
 
50
......................................
 
 
 
1
432,058
1
328,841
1
103,217
58,183
41,220
16,963
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
6,420
5,804
616
1959
 
60
......................................
 
 
 
1
392,440
1
254,063
1
138,377
74,435
50,898
23,537
(
2)
(
2)
(
2)
9,829
8,801
1,028
1960
 
61
......................................
 
 
 
365,174
224,538
140,636
84,609
57,830
26,779
25,253
24,577
676
10,575
9,463
1,112
1961
 
62
......................................
 
 
 
383,961
230,456
153,505
91,418
62,603
28,815
25,607
24,836
771
11,622
10,377
1,245
1962
 
63
......................................
 
 
 
411,420
241,309
170,111
98,684
67,302
31,382
26,590
25,753
837
12,822
11,448
1,374
1963
 
64
......................................
 
 
 
461,266
265,349
195,917
109,183
73,850
35,333
27,209
26,357
852
14,490
12,955
1,535
1964
 
65
......................................
 
 
 
493,757
282,173
211,584
121,167
81,319
39,848
28,290
27,283
1,007
16,467
14,692
1,775
1965
 
66
......................................
111,607
63,779
47,828
520,115
299,287
220,828
140,602
93,081
47,521
30,124
28,982
1,142
18,237
16,121
2,116
1966
 
67
......................................
139,183
78,356
60,827
558,534
322,711
235,823
157,726
103,109
54,617
31,695
30,401
1,294
20,617
18,163
2,454
1967
 
68
......................................
159,441
90,317
69,124
632,289
357,682
274,607
176,749
113,552
63,197
33,939
32,402
1,537
23,089
20,183
2,906
1968
 
69
......................................
183,279
105,661
77,618
728,845
410,595
318,250
193,756
121,531
72,225
35,114
33,595
1,519
26,158
22,722
3,436
1969
 
70
......................................
206,023
117,432
88,591
792,316
451,097
341,219
208,291
125,624
82,667
34,918
33,077
1,841
29,866
25,890
3,976
1970
 
71
......................................
252,311
144,144
108,167
839,730
475,594
364,136
230,509
138,146
92,363
37,946
35,544
2,402
32,107
27,530
4,577
1971
 
72
......................................
292,014
166,227
125,787
887,273
500,590
386,683
251,633
149,550
102,083
43,411
40,723
2,688
33,363
28,090
5,273
1972
 
73
......................................
316,174
175,413
140,761
922,362
518,191
404,171
263,371
154,468
108,903
50,018
46,489
3,529
34,777
28,571
6,206
1973
 
74
......................................
343,924
188,591
155,333
945,776
527,313
418,463
277,033
157,842
119,191
53,816
48,530
5,286
33,816
27,365
6,451
1974
 
75
......................................
360,171
191,017
169,154
922,933
504,841
418,092
292,450
161,570
130,880
55,916
48,956
6,960
34,083
26,817
7,266
1975
 
76
......................................
391,454
209,996
181,458
925,746
504,925
420,821
311,771
167,248
144,523
62,649
52,892
9,757
34,064
26,267
7,797
1976
 
77
......................................
406,377
210,842
195,535
919,549
495,545
424,004
317,164
167,783
149,381
64,359
52,374
11,985
33,232
25,142
8,090
1977
 
78
......................................
412,246
204,718
207,528
921,204
487,347
433,857
311,620
161,212
150,408
66,581
52,270
14,311
32,131
23,658
8,473
1978
 
79
......................................
402,702
192,091
210,611
921,390
477,344
444,046
301,079
153,370
147,709
68,848
52,652
16,196
32,730
23,541
9,189
1979
 
80
......................................
400,910
183,737
217,173
929,417
473,611
455,806
298,081
150,749
147,332
70,131
52,716
17,415
32,615
22,943
9,672
1980
 
81
......................................
416,377
188,638
227,739
935,140
469,883
465,257
295,739
147,043
148,696
71,956
52,792
19,164
32,958
22,711
10,247
1981
 
82
......................................
434,526
196,944
237,582
952,998
473,364
479,634
295,546
145,532
150,014
72,032
52,223
19,809
32,707
22,224
10,483
1982
 
83
......................................
449,620
203,991
245,629
969,510
479,140
490,370
289,921
144,697
145,224
73,054
51,250
21,804
32,775
21,902
10,873
1983
 
84
......................................
452,240
202,704
249,536
974,309
482,319
491,990
284,263
143,595
140,668
74,468
51,378
23,090
33,209
22,064
11,145
1984
 
85
......................................
454,712
202,932
251,780
979,477
482,528
496,949
286,251
143,390
142,861
75,063
50,455
24,608
32,943
21,700
11,243
1985
 
86
......................................
446,047
196,166
249,881
987,823
485,923
501,900
288,567
143,508
145,059
73,910
49,261
24,649
33,653
21,819
11,834
1986
 
87
......................................
436,304
190,839
245,465
991,264
480,782
510,482
289,349
141,269
148,080
71,617
46,523
25,094
34,041
22,061
11,980
1987
 
88
......................................
435,085
190,047
245,038
994,829
477,203
517,626
299,317
145,163
154,154
70,735
45,484
25,251
34,870
22,615
12,255
1988
 
89
......................................
436,764
186,316
250,448
1,018,755
483,346
535,409
310,621
149,354
161,267
70,856
45,046
25,810
35,720
22,648
13,072
1989
 
90
......................................
455,102
191,195
263,907
1,051,344
491,696
559,648
324,301
153,653
170,648
70,988
43,961
27,027
38,371
24,401
13,970
1990
 
91
......................................
481,720
198,634
283,086
1,094,538
504,045
590,493
337,168
156,482
180,686
71,948
43,846
28,102
39,294
24,756
14,538
1991
 
92
......................................
504,231
207,481
296,750
1,136,553
520,811
615,742
352,838
161,842
190,996
74,146
45,071
29,075
40,659
25,557
15,102
1992
 
93
......................................
514,756
211,964
302,792
1,165,178
532,881
632,297
369,585
169,258
200,327
75,387
45,153
30,234
42,132
26,073
16,059
1993
 
94
......................................
530,632
215,261
315,371
1,169,275
532,422
636,853
387,070
176,085
210,985
75,418
44,707
30,711
43,185
26,552
16,633
1994
 
95
......................................
539,691
218,352
321,339
1,160,134
526,131
634,003
397,629
178,598
219,031
75,800
44,853
30,947
44,446
26,916
17,530
1995
 
96
......................................
555,216
219,514
335,702
1,164,792
522,454
642,338
406,301
179,081
227,220
76,734
44,748
31,986
44,652
26,841
17,811
1996
 
97
3
...................................
528,000
211,000
317,000
1,166,000
523,000
643,000
402,000
181,000
221,000
79,700
46,000
33,700
44,700
27,100
17,600
1997
 
98
3
...................................
520,000
209,000
311,000
1,172,000
523,000
649,000
406,000
183,000
223,000
78,400
46,100
32,300
45,200
27,200
18,000
1998
 
99
3
...................................
528,000
209,000
319,000
1,166,000
510,000
655,000
410,000
185,000
225,000
75,800
43,700
32,000
45,800
27,300
18,500
1999
 
2000
3
...............................
532,000
208,000
323,000
1,161,000
502,000
659,000
414,000
187,000
227,000
74,000
42,000
32,000
46,400
27,400
19,000
2000
 
01
3
...................................
543,000
210,000
333,000
1,173,000
506,000
667,000
418,000
189,000
229,000
73,100
41,100
32,000
46,800
27,300
19,500
2001
 
02
3
...................................
550,000
211,000
339,000
1,195,000
510,000
685,000
422,000
191,000
231,000
72,400
40,500
31,800
47,200
27,200
20,000
2002
 
03
3
...................................
555,000
212,000
343,000
1,214,000
515,000
699,000
426,000
193,000
233,000
71,900
40,100
31,800
47,600
27,100
20,500
2003
 
04
3
...................................
559,000
213,000
346,000
1,227,000
519,000
708,000
430,000
195,000
235,000
71,800
39,800
32,000
47,900
27,000
20,900
2004
 
05
3
...................................
560,000
213,000
347,000
1,235,000
520,000
716,000
434,000
197,000
237,000
72,300
39,900
32,400
48,300
26,900
21,400
2005
 
06
3
...................................
565,000
214,000
351,000
1,243,000
524,000
719,000
438,000
199,000
239,000
73,100
40,100
33,000
48,700
26,800
21,900
2006
 
07
3
...................................
572,000
215,000
357,000
1,256,000
527,000
729,000
442,000
201,000
241,000
74,100
40,500
33,600
49,100
26,700
22,400
2007
 
08
3
...................................
579,000
216,000
363,000
1,270,000
530,000
739,000
446,000
203,000
243,000
75,000
40,800
34,200
49,500
26,600
22,900
1
Includes
first­
professional
degrees.
2
First­
professional
degrees
are
included
with
bachelor's
degrees.
3
Projected.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Earned
Degrees
Conferred;
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
277
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
245.
 
Degrees
awarded
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control,
level
of
degree,
and
state:
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
Public
Private
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
First­
professional
degrees
1
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
First­
professional
degrees
1
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
...............................
454,291
774,070
29,882
227,179
29,516
100,925
390,722
46,852
179,122
15,136
Alabama
............................................
7,320
16,758
600
6,023
531
940
3,350
435
450
2
Alaska
...............................................
890
1,411
0
419
28
71
82
 
55
 
Arizona
..............................................
6,076
14,049
454
4,860
756
2,070
2,914
 
2,008
 
Arkansas
...........................................
2,869
7,420
499
1,893
148
105
1,679
 
80
 
California
...........................................
57,151
82,540
2,093
18,217
2,754
7,831
27,705
6,562
19,871
2,356
Colorado
...........................................
5,361
16,105
436
4,450
709
3,276
3,334
354
2,403
121
Connecticut
.......................................
3,860
6,788
312
2,529
239
790
6,613
609
4,186
437
Delaware
...........................................
987
3,510
0
854
157
195
874
391
396
25
District
of
Columbia
..........................
280
586
68
132
0
109
6,527
2,427
7,127
526
Florida
...............................................
35,984
32,208
1,002
8,628
1,058
6,520
14,103
1,484
6,684
695
Georgia
.............................................
7,476
19,830
723
7,025
740
1,986
7,616
1,656
2,215
257
Hawaii
...............................................
2,201
3,395
122
1,053
186
487
1,344
 
526
10
Idaho
.................................................
1,275
4,138
157
1,064
94
2,993
351
 
39
 
Illinois
................................................
23,776
29,079
1,067
10,026
1,259
3,063
22,464
3,568
14,819
1,314
Indiana
..............................................
7,469
20,650
955
5,743
997
3,219
9,921
549
1,829
179
Iowa
..................................................
7,546
9,189
583
2,455
676
841
8,491
1,015
929
32
Kansas
..............................................
6,604
11,520
604
3,950
470
677
3,089
8
782
 
Kentucky
...........................................
4,926
11,609
785
3,815
305
1,614
3,071
356
678
96
Louisiana
...........................................
3,535
14,868
559
3,908
386
723
3,117
969
1,321
133
Maine
................................................
1,555
3,245
88
671
47
741
2,374
93
234
 
Maryland
...........................................
8,129
15,672
706
5,431
578
460
4,270
207
4,376
344
Massachusetts
..................................
8,213
12,312
91
3,076
440
4,469
28,413
3,577
19,177
1,936
Michigan
............................................
18,449
34,017
1,464
13,577
1,526
3,207
10,355
1,114
2,107
72
Minnesota
.........................................
8,666
15,074
685
3,896
763
2,847
8,205
812
2,679
274
Mississippi
.........................................
5,804
8,123
328
2,246
352
105
1,860
117
464
 
Missouri
.............................................
6,225
15,069
670
4,121
379
3,859
12,237
1,707
6,714
406
Montana
............................................
1,027
4,021
75
812
61
305
764
 
40
 
Nebraska
...........................................
2,816
6,641
376
1,878
282
380
3,248
450
495
3
Nevada
..............................................
1,274
3,357
55
955
76
151
64
 
31
 
New
Hampshire
................................
1,826
3,862
0
748
51
1,401
3,795
184
1,702
59
New
Jersey
.......................................
11,999
18,035
894
4,840
580
1,006
6,537
800
3,580
471
New
Mexico
......................................
3,172
5,645
192
2,305
305
304
572
 
274
 
New
York
..........................................
39,513
41,950
1,282
13,640
1,400
13,696
53,345
6,356
30,535
2,365
North
Carolina
...................................
13,032
22,821
710
5,863
789
876
9,940
1,031
1,905
258
North
Dakota
.....................................
1,789
3,910
173
661
79
238
574
 
44
 
Ohio
..................................................
16,723
32,089
2,022
10,548
1,678
3,902
16,592
1,267
5,375
532
Oklahoma
..........................................
5,974
12,191
501
3,003
333
135
2,231
198
853
25
Oregon
..............................................
5,352
9,359
322
2,767
406
362
3,877
635
1,244
70
Pennsylvania
.....................................
12,204
30,426
1,175
8,483
1,223
10,738
31,327
2,700
11,024
1,032
Rhode
Island
.....................................
1,548
3,208
7
888
82
2,391
5,536
173
1,112
219
South
Carolina
..................................
5,558
11,504
534
4,041
422
817
3,584
171
415
13
South
Dakota
....................................
1,606
3,585
126
946
89
368
854
15
116
3
Tennessee
........................................
5,814
13,491
691
4,296
492
1,246
7,117
647
1,955
210
Texas
................................................
22,605
55,388
2,615
17,074
2,443
3,307
15,316
2,481
5,514
421
Utah
..................................................
5,885
8,337
225
1,675
318
552
7,213
155
1,406
84
Vermont
............................................
689
2,396
94
425
57
781
2,099
 
866
4
Virginia
..............................................
9,052
23,515
1,210
8,554
1,025
2,039
8,049
667
2,252
36
Washington
.......................................
18,349
17,395
453
3,868
646
1,000
5,149
478
4,466
44
West
Virginia
.....................................
2,145
7,225
350
2,059
120
667
1,357
 
124
 
Wisconsin
..........................................
8,330
19,713
515
5,055
845
835
7,223
434
1,645
72
Wyoming
...........................................
1,758
1,641
78
410
78
230
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Service
Schools
........................
11,624
3,200
156
1,323
58
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
..............................
1,457
6,566
275
755
34
2,321
8,108
472
1,054
48
American
Samoa
..............................
42
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.......
156
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guam
................................................
44
358
 
47
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marshall
Islands
................................
113
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
............................
107
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palau
.................................................
16
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
.......................................
925
5,999
275
653
34
2,321
8,108
472
1,054
48
Virgin
Islands
....................................
54
209
 
55
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Includes
degrees
which
require
at
least
6
years
of
college
work
for
completion
(
including
at
least
2
years
of
preprofessional
training).
See
Definitions
for
details.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
278
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
246.
 
Earned
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
by
state:
1994
 
95
and
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
First­
professional
degrees
1
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
First­
professional
degrees
1
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
...............................
539,691
1,160,134
75,800
397,629
44,446
555,216
1,164,792
76,734
406,301
44,652
Alabama
............................................
7,835
19,924
963
5,983
438
8,260
20,108
1,035
6,473
533
Alaska
...............................................
960
1,526
 
463
19
961
1,493
0
474
28
Arizona
..............................................
6,809
16,175
445
6,498
787
8,146
16,963
454
6,868
756
Arkansas
...........................................
2,492
8,623
482
2,041
155
2,974
9,099
499
1,973
148
California
...........................................
60,503
109,714
8,783
38,065
5,367
64,982
110,245
8,655
38,088
5,110
Colorado
...........................................
6,984
19,929
833
7,111
788
8,637
19,439
790
6,853
830
Connecticut
.......................................
4,800
13,972
920
6,419
707
4,650
13,401
921
6,715
676
Delaware
...........................................
1,141
4,466
418
1,102
169
1,182
4,384
391
1,250
182
District
of
Columbia
..........................
205
7,027
2,467
6,607
474
389
7,113
2,495
7,259
526
Florida
...............................................
40,733
44,924
2,494
14,793
1,653
42,504
46,311
2,486
15,312
1,753
Georgia
.............................................
9,143
26,312
2,061
8,644
934
9,462
27,446
2,379
9,240
997
Hawaii
...............................................
2,387
4,500
160
1,520
166
2,688
4,739
122
1,579
196
Idaho
.................................................
4,181
4,235
167
1,077
80
4,268
4,489
157
1,103
94
Illinois
................................................
27,126
52,270
4,360
23,487
2,850
26,839
51,543
4,635
24,845
2,573
Indiana
..............................................
10,063
30,253
1,485
7,597
1,152
10,688
30,571
1,504
7,572
1,176
Iowa
..................................................
8,191
17,421
1,535
3,478
686
8,387
17,680
1,598
3,384
708
Kansas
..............................................
6,961
14,594
591
4,350
450
7,281
14,609
612
4,732
470
Kentucky
...........................................
6,446
14,570
1,127
4,219
397
6,540
14,680
1,141
4,493
401
Louisiana
...........................................
3,369
17,920
1,680
5,346
499
4,258
17,985
1,528
5,229
519
Maine
................................................
2,445
5,893
180
953
42
2,296
5,619
181
905
47
Maryland
...........................................
8,632
19,908
1,001
8,991
877
8,589
19,942
913
9,807
922
Massachusetts
..................................
12,808
40,279
3,656
21,276
2,283
12,682
40,725
3,668
22,253
2,376
Michigan
............................................
22,696
44,317
2,496
15,460
1,548
21,656
44,372
2,578
15,684
1,598
Minnesota
.........................................
12,216
24,068
1,538
5,760
889
11,513
23,279
1,497
6,575
1,037
Mississippi
.........................................
5,519
10,335
492
2,621
399
5,909
9,983
445
2,710
352
Missouri
.............................................
8,928
27,931
2,296
10,355
719
10,084
27,306
2,377
10,835
785
Montana
............................................
1,329
4,354
78
857
66
1,332
4,785
75
852
61
Nebraska
...........................................
3,365
10,105
825
2,252
255
3,196
9,889
826
2,373
285
Nevada
..............................................
1,411
3,371
54
897
77
1,425
3,421
55
986
76
New
Hampshire
................................
3,530
7,395
193
2,262
112
3,227
7,657
184
2,450
110
New
Jersey
.......................................
12,855
24,627
1,670
8,261
1,053
13,005
24,572
1,694
8,420
1,051
New
Mexico
......................................
3,277
6,363
172
2,438
285
3,476
6,217
192
2,579
305
New
York
..........................................
54,671
93,549
7,636
44,726
3,974
53,209
95,295
7,638
44,175
3,765
North
Carolina
...................................
14,107
32,321
1,696
7,430
1,022
13,908
32,761
1,741
7,768
1,047
North
Dakota
.....................................
1,738
4,440
187
628
84
2,027
4,484
173
705
79
Ohio
..................................................
20,183
49,588
3,069
15,387
2,191
20,625
48,681
3,289
15,923
2,210
Oklahoma
..........................................
7,011
15,307
955
4,928
414
6,109
14,422
699
3,856
358
Oregon
..............................................
5,813
12,917
904
3,914
493
5,714
13,236
957
4,011
476
Pennsylvania
.....................................
20,569
63,027
3,942
19,637
2,402
22,942
61,753
3,875
19,507
2,255
Rhode
Island
.....................................
3,890
8,978
76
2,041
295
3,939
8,744
180
2,000
301
South
Carolina
..................................
6,165
15,176
614
4,525
391
6,375
15,088
705
4,456
435
South
Dakota
....................................
834
4,293
137
1,007
63
1,974
4,439
141
1,062
92
Tennessee
........................................
6,721
20,463
1,436
6,193
665
7,060
20,608
1,338
6,251
702
Texas
................................................
25,800
70,048
4,775
22,740
2,727
25,912
70,704
5,096
22,588
2,864
Utah
..................................................
5,812
14,541
373
3,045
358
6,437
15,550
380
3,081
402
Vermont
............................................
1,311
4,591
90
1,091
54
1,470
4,495
94
1,291
61
Virginia
..............................................
10,882
31,106
1,817
10,706
1,077
11,091
31,564
1,877
10,806
1,061
Washington
.......................................
19,102
21,828
909
7,947
687
19,349
22,544
931
8,334
690
West
Virginia
.....................................
2,840
8,656
358
2,268
159
2,812
8,582
350
2,183
120
Wisconsin
..........................................
9,262
26,943
977
6,446
907
9,165
26,936
949
6,700
917
Wyoming
...........................................
1,663
1,777
70
396
63
1,988
1,641
78
410
78
U.
S.
Service
Schools
........................
11,977
3,284
157
1,391
44
11,624
3,200
156
1,323
58
Outlying
areas
..............................
4,403
14,302
657
1,799
67
3,778
14,674
747
1,809
82
American
Samoa
..............................
419
 
 
 
 
42
 
 
 
 
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.......
163
 
 
 
 
156
 
 
 
 
Guam
................................................
48
295
 
45
 
44
358
 
47
 
Marshall
Islands
................................
40
 
 
 
 
113
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
............................
180
 
 
 
 
107
 
 
 
 
Palau
.................................................
21
 
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
 
Puerto
Rico
.......................................
3,476
13,812
657
1,690
67
3,246
14,107
747
1,707
82
Virgin
Islands
....................................
56
195
 
64
 
54
209
 
55
 
1
Includes
degrees
which
require
at
least
6
years
of
college
work
for
completion
(
including
at
least
2
years
of
preprofessional
training).
See
Definitions
for
details.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
279
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
247.
 
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1989
 
90
to
1993
 
94
Field
of
study
Total
Women
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
................................................................................
455,102
481,720
504,231
514,756
530,632
263,907
283,086
296,750
302,792
315,371
Agriculture
and
natural
resources,
total
..............................
4,832
4,910
5,251
5,398
5,636
1,600
1,588
1,675
1,648
1,814
Agricultural
business
and
production
.............................
2,894
2,905
3,046
3,222
3,434
930
962
1,011
1,018
1,081
Agricultural
sciences
.......................................................
925
879
951
837
871
507
444
432
372
388
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources
............
1,013
1,126
1,254
1,339
1,331
163
182
232
258
345
Architecture
and
related
programs
......................................
2,013
2,031
443
372
353
1,745
1,741
337
253
238
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
........................................
68
19
29
33
75
56
13
20
23
50
Biological/
life
sciences
........................................................
1,023
1,119
1,361
1,435
1,771
593
667
797
847
1,064
Business
management
and
administrative
services
...........
92,390
89,537
93,762
91,719
92,284
63,163
62,109
65,459
63,364
64,857
Accounting
......................................................................
14,858
14,577
15,687
15,115
15,307
11,275
11,111
11,888
11,587
11,867
Business,
general
...........................................................
11,878
11,618
11,823
11,190
11,452
7,095
7,188
7,293
7,046
7,237
Business
administration
and
management
....................
28,292
26,625
31,185
29,556
29,691
16,753
15,863
18,902
17,932
18,090
Business
and
management,
other
.................................
11,691
11,663
11,089
12,285
11,114
6,480
6,655
6,769
6,645
6,493
Business
data
processing
..............................................
8,532
8,182
6,394
6,405
6,883
4,733
4,775
3,679
3,693
3,853
Secretarial
and
related
programs
...................................
17,139
16,872
17,584
17,168
17,837
16,827
16,517
16,928
16,461
17,317
Communications
..................................................................
1,657
1,847
1,886
1,904
2,052
910
966
996
959
1,099
Communications
technologies
............................................
2,027
2,032
1,794
1,828
2,469
678
681
649
632
834
Computer
and
information
sciences
...................................
7,574
7,677
9,290
9,196
9,301
3,768
3,770
4,725
4,655
4,677
Construction
trades
.............................................................
1,765
1,793
1,560
1,653
1,695
68
78
69
72
77
Consumer
and
personal
services
.......................................
2,121
2,494
4,420
4,692
5,175
843
887
1,519
1,572
1,691
Education
.............................................................................
8,061
7,842
10,267
9,315
9,271
5,731
5,640
6,559
6,284
6,319
Engineering
.........................................................................
2,345
2,451
2,685
2,478
2,445
279
268
344
309
300
Engineering­
related
technologies
........................................
40,033
37,890
35,861
36,321
35,618
4,006
3,724
3,757
3,690
3,799
English
language
and
literature/
letters
................................
527
426
1,019
1,320
1,289
358
302
671
851
822
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
......................................
329
327
433
511
492
251
210
305
358
345
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
............................
64,113
70,833
79,453
86,237
94,601
56,125
61,495
68,648
73,266
79,449
Dental
assisting
..............................................................
3,697
3,810
4,013
4,165
4,259
3,502
3,612
3,822
3,929
3,977
Emergency
medical
technician­
ambulance
and
paramedic
...................................................................
332
371
378
442
510
100
116
114
139
155
Medical
lab
technician
....................................................
1,627
1,731
1,874
2,172
2,570
1,284
1,311
1,425
1,601
1,905
Medical
assisting
............................................................
1,404
1,496
1,960
2,130
2,785
1,375
1,451
1,741
1,907
2,672
Nursing
assisting
............................................................
0
5
19
86
6
0
4
13
70
5
Practical
nursing
.............................................................
589
797
795
890
740
535
692
742
804
672
Nursing,
R.
N.
and
other
.................................................
40,212
45,317
51,193
54,085
57,405
36,915
41,261
46,217
48,289
50,740
Health
sciences,
other
....................................................
16,252
17,306
19,221
22,267
26,326
12,414
13,048
14,574
16,527
19,323
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
...........
7,798
8,067
6,436
6,914
7,463
6,080
6,243
5,749
6,259
6,821
Law
and
legal
studies
.........................................................
4,552
5,484
7,053
8,028
8,681
3,967
4,892
6,146
7,069
7,652
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
133,466
142,722
154,594
158,040
165,106
78,768
84,977
91,777
94,173
99,025
Library
science
....................................................................
107
111
103
85
118
95
102
85
76
102
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution
................
14,015
12,713
8,465
7,445
6,736
10,829
9,510
6,494
5,646
5,049
Mathematics
........................................................................
756
670
744
743
704
270
264
280
315
309
Mechanics
and
repairers
.....................................................
7,704
7,640
10,264
10,966
11,332
431
445
671
686
738
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...............................................
8,176
7,454
7,841
8,486
8,436
4,156
3,998
4,059
4,411
4,382
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
....................
485
425
620
717
755
200
177
251
288
301
Philosophy
and
religion
.......................................................
93
89
60
111
82
34
28
17
35
36
Physical
sciences
................................................................
2,021
2,091
2,066
2,241
2,546
811
901
861
945
1,069
Physical
sciences,
other
.................................................
1,279
1,281
1,228
1,390
1,567
539
562
522
598
671
Science
technologies
......................................................
742
810
838
851
979
272
339
339
347
398
Precision
production
trades
.................................................
8,616
9,093
9,005
9,204
9,357
1,898
1,975
1,872
1,811
1,846
Protective
services
..............................................................
12,855
13,564
15,117
16,834
18,199
3,402
3,599
3,876
4,545
5,131
Criminal
justice
and
corrections
.....................................
10,658
11,358
12,649
14,295
15,262
3,137
3,367
3,628
4,265
4,823
Fire
control
and
safety
....................................................
1,621
1,634
1,989
2,020
2,243
91
92
116
137
132
Protective
services,
other
...............................................
576
572
479
519
694
174
140
132
143
176
Psychology
..........................................................................
1,115
997
1,209
1,237
1,377
829
740
871
955
1,040
Public
administration
and
services
......................................
2,613
2,779
3,162
3,301
3,696
2,076
2,243
2,523
2,653
2,938
R.
O.
T.
C
and
military
technologies
......................................
129
85
172
52
265
15
8
16
8
20
Social
sciences
and
history
.................................................
2,872
2,505
3,160
3,930
3,936
1,611
1,494
1,760
2,252
2,400
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
...............................
653
578
496
508
641
264
243
216
227
299
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
......................
2,619
2,609
2,418
2,210
1,922
395
469
440
360
320
Visual
and
performing
arts
..................................................
8,740
9,126
11,888
12,690
13,227
5,327
5,362
7,085
7,606
7,731
Fine
arts,
general
...........................................................
1,150
1,166
1,159
1,346
1,473
729
766
767
886
907
Design
and
music
...........................................................
5,900
5,986
9,142
9,699
10,173
3,588
3,499
5,536
5,866
6,040
Visual
and
performing
arts,
other
...................................
1,690
1,974
1,587
1,645
1,581
1,010
1,097
782
854
784
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
............................................
4,839
19,690
9,844
6,602
1,526
2,275
11,277
5,171
3,689
727
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
280
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
248.
 
Associate
degrees
and
other
subbaccalaureate
awards
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
length
of
curriculum,
sex
of
student,
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
Field
of
study
Less
than
1­
year
awards
1­
to
less
than
4­
year
awards
Associate
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
..................................................................................................
100,888
47,358
53,530
139,688
55,878
83,810
555,216
219,514
335,702
Agriculture
and
natural
resources,
total
................................................
1,749
1,327
422
1,874
1,325
549
6,182
4,218
1,964
Agricultural
business
and
production
...............................................
1,471
1,151
320
1,677
1,186
491
3,846
2,574
1,272
Agricultural
sciences
.........................................................................
241
145
96
60
43
17
877
476
401
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources
..............................
37
31
6
137
96
41
1,459
1,168
291
Architecture
and
related
programs
........................................................
2
0
2
10
1
9
256
40
216
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
..........................................................
180
43
137
133
19
114
111
28
83
Biological/
life
sciences
..........................................................................
79
55
24
529
324
205
2,037
817
1,220
Business
management
and
administrative
services
.............................
15,411
4,401
11,010
26,509
4,126
22,383
93,487
25,932
67,555
Accounting
........................................................................................
1,325
278
1,047
4,175
754
3,421
15,926
3,375
12,551
Business,
general
.............................................................................
580
301
279
998
321
677
11,397
4,105
7,292
Business
administration
and
management
......................................
1,535
620
915
2,724
976
1,748
28,901
10,695
18,206
Business
and
management,
other
...................................................
2,539
1,400
1,139
2,404
747
1,657
9,950
3,696
6,254
Business
data
processing
................................................................
2,560
1,006
1,554
2,203
765
1,438
7,381
3,411
3,970
Secretarial
and
related
programs
.....................................................
6,872
796
6,076
14,005
563
13,442
19,932
650
19,282
Communications
....................................................................................
414
208
206
188
113
75
2,187
1,077
1,110
Communications
technologies
..............................................................
91
54
37
369
204
165
1,757
1,169
588
Computer
and
information
sciences
.....................................................
4,349
2,309
2,040
3,570
1,702
1,868
9,658
4,954
4,704
Construction
trades
...............................................................................
4,212
3,983
229
4,021
3,821
200
2,141
2,035
106
Consumer
and
personal
services
.........................................................
1,615
375
1,240
6,460
1,696
4,764
7,721
4,967
2,754
Education
...............................................................................................
569
146
423
677
50
627
9,750
3,109
6,641
Engineering
...........................................................................................
102
85
17
145
124
21
2,197
1,914
283
Engineering­
related
technologies
..........................................................
2,479
2,075
404
8,180
7,175
1,005
33,002
28,871
4,131
English
language
and
literature/
letters
..................................................
128
42
86
37
11
26
1,310
471
839
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
........................................................
419
155
264
29
7
22
607
163
444
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
..............................................
33,993
8,100
25,893
45,185
6,548
38,637
101,872
17,295
84,577
Dental
assisting
................................................................................
1,268
112
1,156
3,810
188
3,622
4,564
290
4,274
Emergency
medical
technician­
ambulance
and
paramedic
.............
7,062
4,479
2,583
1,668
1,159
509
889
630
259
Medical
lab
technician
......................................................................
103
19
84
96
22
74
2,982
776
2,206
Medical
assisting
..............................................................................
4,209
480
3,729
6,367
290
6,077
4,941
203
4,738
Nursing
assisting
..............................................................................
10,529
1,059
9,470
280
26
254
7
0
7
Practical
nursing
...............................................................................
595
85
510
20,769
2,261
18,508
605
55
550
Nursing,
R.
N.
and
other
...................................................................
2,536
260
2,276
2,248
265
1,983
56,562
7,307
49,255
Health
sciences,
other
......................................................................
7,691
1,606
6,085
9,947
2,337
7,610
31,322
8,034
23,288
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.............................
4,144
1,267
2,877
4,295
416
3,879
8,192
757
7,435
Law
and
legal
studies
...........................................................................
850
143
707
2,006
287
1,719
9,106
1,119
7,987
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
.................
152
66
86
481
141
340
174,970
67,994
106,976
Library
science
......................................................................................
117
10
107
57
8
49
94
13
81
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution
..................................
2,388
754
1,634
1,624
407
1,217
5,960
1,424
4,536
Mathematics
..........................................................................................
1
1
0
1
1
0
758
463
295
Mechanics
and
repairers
.......................................................................
4,614
4,292
322
15,624
14,870
754
12,524
11,723
801
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
.................................................................
439
69
370
134
74
60
8,611
4,212
4,399
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
......................................
95
34
61
130
52
78
936
545
391
Philosophy
and
religion
.........................................................................
67
25
42
19
13
6
83
45
38
Physical
sciences
..................................................................................
86
39
47
81
51
30
2,612
1,458
1,154
Physical
sciences,
other
...................................................................
26
11
15
17
13
4
1,749
961
788
Science
technologies
........................................................................
60
28
32
64
38
26
863
497
366
Precision
production
trades
...................................................................
4,009
3,285
724
8,104
6,711
1,393
10,217
8,119
2,098
Protective
services
................................................................................
10,156
7,954
2,202
2,821
2,008
813
19,196
13,427
5,769
Criminal
justice
and
corrections
.......................................................
8,277
6,279
1,998
2,222
1,489
733
15,990
10,610
5,380
Fire
control
and
safety
......................................................................
1,844
1,643
201
489
448
41
2,523
2,357
166
Protective
services,
other
.................................................................
35
32
3
110
71
39
683
460
223
Psychology
............................................................................................
24
6
18
52
13
39
1,583
406
1,177
Public
administration
and
services
........................................................
544
183
361
548
129
419
4,218
765
3,453
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
.......................................................
0
0
0
0
0
0
556
514
42
Social
sciences
and
history
...................................................................
22
10
12
29
9
20
4,021
1,488
2,533
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
.................................................
82
35
47
542
293
249
608
314
294
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
........................................
6,180
5,354
826
749
629
120
1,571
1,325
246
Visual
and
performing
arts
....................................................................
831
399
432
3,861
2,285
1,576
13,534
5,806
7,728
Fine
arts,
general
.............................................................................
46
3
43
129
62
67
1,515
569
946
Design
and
music
.............................................................................
437
211
226
2,863
1,548
1,315
10,579
4,524
6,055
Visual
and
performing
arts,
other
.....................................................
348
185
163
869
675
194
1,440
713
727
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
..............................................................
295
74
221
614
235
379
1,591
537
1,054
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
281
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
249.
 
Associate
degrees
and
other
subbaccalaureate
awards
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
length
of
curriculum,
sex
of
student,
and
field
of
study:
1994
 
95
Field
of
study
Less
than
1­
year
awards
1­
to
less
than
4­
year
awards
Associate
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
....................................................................................................
85,195
42,636
42,559
152,037
62,646
89,391
539,691
218,352
321,339
Agriculture
and
natural
resources,
total
..................................................
1,705
1,320
385
4,067
2,242
1,825
5,730
4,001
1,729
Agricultural
business
and
production
.................................................
1,311
997
314
1,344
913
431
3,564
2,458
1,106
Agricultural
sciences
...........................................................................
334
274
60
1,548
427
1,121
829
465
364
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources
................................
60
49
11
1,175
902
273
1,337
1,078
259
Architecture
and
related
programs
..........................................................
15
4
11
10
2
8
277
70
207
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
............................................................
118
28
90
136
10
126
68
17
51
Biological/
life
sciences
............................................................................
297
152
145
62
32
30
1,879
752
1,127
Business
management
and
administrative
services
...............................
12,446
3,451
8,995
27,005
4,835
22,170
90,113
26,629
63,484
Accounting
..........................................................................................
1,019
215
804
4,470
796
3,674
14,970
3,313
11,657
Business,
general
...............................................................................
447
209
238
906
318
588
11,622
4,368
7,254
Business
administration
and
management
........................................
1,687
674
1,013
2,367
834
1,533
28,968
11,076
17,892
Business
and
management,
other
.....................................................
1,913
832
1,081
3,336
1,429
1,907
10,233
4,072
6,161
Business
data
processing
..................................................................
1,401
508
893
2,067
696
1,371
6,962
3,275
3,687
Secretarial
and
related
programs
.......................................................
5,979
1,013
4,966
13,859
762
13,097
17,358
525
16,833
Communications
......................................................................................
1,712
1,182
530
348
134
214
3,160
1,624
1,536
Communications
technologies
................................................................
90
63
27
327
198
129
1,984
1,298
686
Computer
and
information
sciences
.......................................................
2,154
1,120
1,034
5,295
2,473
2,822
9,152
4,743
4,409
Construction
trades
.................................................................................
2,310
2,133
177
4,582
4,328
254
1,728
1,598
130
Consumer
and
personal
services
...........................................................
1,518
425
1,093
6,120
1,371
4,749
5,626
3,747
1,879
Education
.................................................................................................
355
37
318
1,461
152
1,309
9,658
3,058
6,600
Engineering
.............................................................................................
209
181
28
309
293
16
2,232
1,931
301
Engineering­
related
technologies
............................................................
2,050
1,618
432
7,491
6,638
853
34,732
30,820
3,912
English
language
and
literature/
letters
....................................................
98
28
70
50
14
36
1,548
505
1,043
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
..........................................................
248
86
162
196
118
78
616
177
439
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
................................................
25,428
6,785
18,643
42,467
6,590
35,877
98,474
16,530
81,944
Dental
assisting
..................................................................................
298
14
284
2,673
92
2,581
4,312
282
4,030
Emergency
medical
technician­
ambulance
and
paramedic
...............
6,215
4,022
2,193
1,619
1,149
470
771
536
235
Medical
lab
technician
........................................................................
98
13
85
154
59
95
2,769
742
2,027
Medical
assisting
................................................................................
1,069
97
972
3,886
115
3,771
3,544
135
3,409
Nursing
assisting
................................................................................
8,794
1,019
7,775
187
19
168
2
0
2
Practical
nursing
.................................................................................
571
57
514
19,976
2,287
17,689
772
86
686
Nursing,
R.
N.
and
other
.....................................................................
2,156
251
1,905
2,897
364
2,533
57,456
7,142
50,314
Health
sciences,
other
........................................................................
6,227
1,312
4,915
11,075
2,505
8,570
28,848
7,607
21,241
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
...............................
5,218
2,129
3,089
8,582
1,638
6,944
7,821
815
7,006
Law
and
legal
studies
.............................................................................
902
130
772
1,686
281
1,405
9,140
1,163
7,977
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
...................
334
249
85
1,273
423
850
170,817
67,834
102,983
Library
science
........................................................................................
73
5
68
53
8
45
101
9
92
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution
...................................
2,152
710
1,442
2,444
579
1,865
6,187
1,526
4,661
Mathematics
............................................................................................
5
4
1
1
0
1
782
438
344
Mechanics
and
repairers
.........................................................................
4,850
4,355
495
20,835
19,127
1,708
11,497
10,754
743
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...................................................................
181
17
164
130
56
74
8,692
4,228
4,464
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
........................................
86
43
43
145
73
72
864
501
363
Philosophy
and
religion
...........................................................................
46
19
27
483
192
291
81
52
29
Physical
sciences
....................................................................................
32
16
16
79
47
32
2,456
1,424
1,032
Physical
sciences,
other
.....................................................................
16
8
8
29
21
8
1,645
921
724
Science
technologies
..........................................................................
16
8
8
50
26
24
811
503
308
Precision
production
trades
.....................................................................
2,956
2,424
532
7,179
5,845
1,334
9,344
7,453
1,891
Protective
services
..................................................................................
8,678
6,796
1,882
3,536
2,628
908
19,709
14,202
5,507
Criminal
justice
and
corrections
.........................................................
7,499
5,737
1,762
2,943
2,108
835
16,584
11,408
5,176
Fire
control
and
safety
........................................................................
1,117
1,007
110
500
466
34
2,447
2,294
153
Protective
services,
other
...................................................................
62
52
10
93
54
39
678
500
178
Psychology
..............................................................................................
33
9
24
69
19
50
1,600
446
1,154
Public
administration
and
services
..........................................................
608
235
373
732
230
502
3,882
783
3,099
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
.........................................................
1
1
0
0
0
0
364
331
33
Social
sciences
and
history
.....................................................................
136
114
22
96
41
55
3,634
1,461
2,173
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
...................................................
65
33
32
617
332
285
607
309
298
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..........................................
7,759
6,601
1,158
668
466
202
1,446
1,226
220
Visual
and
performing
arts
......................................................................
324
131
193
3,401
1,191
2,210
12,544
5,275
7,269
Fine
arts,
general
...............................................................................
19
4
15
469
190
279
1,420
483
937
Design
and
music
...............................................................................
276
113
163
2,234
671
1,563
9,805
4,176
5,629
Visual
and
performing
arts,
other
.......................................................
29
14
15
698
330
368
1,319
616
703
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
................................................................
3
2
1
102
40
62
1,146
622
524
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1997.)
282
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
250.
 
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
discipline
division:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Discipline
division
1970
 
71
1975
 
76
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
....................................................
839,730
925,746
935,140
974,309
979,477
987,823
991,264
994,829
1,018,755
1,051,344
1,094,538
1,136,553
1,165,178
1,169,275
1,160,134
1,164,792
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
..........
12,672
19,402
21,886
19,317
18,107
16,823
14,991
14,222
13,492
12,900
13,124
15,124
16,778
18,070
19,841
21,431
Architecture
and
related
programs
.........
5,570
9,146
9,455
9,186
9,325
9,119
8,950
8,603
9,150
9,364
9,781
8,753
9,167
8,975
8,756
8,352
Area,
ethnic
and
cultural
studies
............
2,582
3,577
2,887
3,005
2,985
3,178
3,427
3,601
4,102
4,613
4,884
5,342
5,481
5,573
5,706
5,786
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
.............
35,743
54,275
43,216
38,640
38,445
38,524
38,121
36,755
36,059
37,204
39,530
42,941
47,038
51,383
55,984
60,994
Business
.................................................
114,729
142,034
198,983
229,478
232,636
237,319
240,546
243,021
246,399
248,698
249,311
256,603
256,842
246,654
234,323
227,102
Communications
.....................................
10,324
20,045
29,428
38,586
40,358
41,666
43,953
45,410
47,405
50,114
51,650
54,257
53,874
51,164
48,104
47,320
Communications
technologies
................
478
1,237
1,854
1,527
1,644
1,410
1,384
1,239
1,204
1,194
1,123
720
832
663
699
683
Computer
and
information
sciences
.......
2,388
5,652
15,121
32,172
38,878
41,889
39,589
34,523
30,454
27,257
25,083
24,557
24,200
24,200
24,404
24,098
Education
................................................
176,307
154,437
108,074
92,299
88,072
87,114
86,936
91,112
96,913
105,112
110,807
108,006
107,781
107,600
106,079
105,509
Engineering
.............................................
44,898
38,388
63,287
75,638
77,066
76,225
73,747
69,380
66,099
63,609
61,531
61,206
61,973
62,220
62,342
62,114
Engineering­
related
technologies
...........
5,148
7,943
11,713
18,547
18,762
19,435
19,069
19,126
18,903
17,713
17,119
16,335
16,078
16,005
15,812
15,323
English
language
and
literature/
letters
...
64,342
42,006
32,254
32,834
33,218
34,552
36,284
38,661
42,470
47,519
51,841
54,951
56,133
53,924
51,901
50,698
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
..........
20,536
16,484
11,273
10,384
10,827
10,984
11,034
10,926
11,693
12,386
13,133
13,903
14,387
14,378
13,775
13,952
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
25,226
53,958
63,649
64,288
64,422
64,396
63,103
60,644
59,005
58,302
59,070
61,720
67,089
74,421
79,855
84,036
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
...........................................
11,167
17,409
18,370
15,948
15,157
14,889
14,417
14,320
14,160
14,491
14,892
14,898
15,100
15,522
15,345
15,803
Law
and
legal
studies
.............................
545
531
776
1,272
1,157
1,197
1,178
1,303
1,976
1,592
1,758
2,144
2,056
2,171
2,032
2,052
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,

general
studies,
and
humanities
........
7,481
18,855
21,643
21,479
21,818
21,336
23,717
24,274
26,388
27,985
30,526
32,174
33,456
33,397
33,356
33,997
Library
science
........................................
1,013
843
375
252
197
155
136
119
121
77
90
97
83
62
50
58
Mathematics
............................................
24,937
16,329
11,433
13,764
15,861
17,147
16,999
16,608
15,994
15,176
15,310
14,783
14,812
14,396
13,723
13,143
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
..................
6,286
13,588
12,848
13,940
12,978
13,489
13,933
14,723
15,168
16,267
17,561
20,647
23,955
25,167
26,033
26,515
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
................................................
1,621
5,182
5,729
4,850
4,725
4,620
4,264
4,235
4,376
4,582
4,315
8,446
9,859
11,470
12,889
13,983
Philosophy
and
religion
..........................
8,146
8,447
6,776
6,435
6,400
6,239
5,984
5,963
6,425
6,868
7,315
7,526
7,781
7,546
7,276
7,388
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
.......................................
21,412
21,465
23,952
23,651
23,704
21,717
20,070
17,806
17,186
16,066
16,344
16,960
17,545
18,400
19,177
19,647
Precision
production
trades
....................
 
 
 
371
553
400
455
481
482
528
460
378
388
420
353
401
Protective
services
..................................
2,045
12,507
13,707
12,654
12,510
12,704
12,930
13,367
14,698
15,354
16,806
18,855
20,902
23,009
24,157
24,810
Psychology
..............................................
38,187
50,278
41,068
39,955
39,900
40,628
42,994
45,187
48,910
53,952
58,655
63,513
66,728
69,259
72,083
73,291
Public
administration
and
services
.........
5,466
15,440
16,707
12,570
11,754
11,887
12,328
12,385
13,162
13,908
14,350
15,987
16,775
17,815
18,586
19,849
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
.........
357
952
42
195
299
256
384
82
198
196
183
184
11
19
27
7
Social
sciences
and
history
....................
155,324
126,396
100,513
93,323
91,570
93,840
96,342
100,460
108,151
118,083
125,107
133,974
135,703
133,680
128,154
126,479
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
..
3,744
5,520
5,841
5,920
6,047
5,607
5,730
5,565
5,318
5,200
4,813
4,729
5,433
5,434
5,578
5,358
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
...............................................
662
1,282
1,801
1,698
1,962
1,837
1,654
1,983
2,062
2,387
2,622
3,598
3,930
3,923
3,698
3,561
Visual
and
performing
arts
.....................
30,394
42,138
40,479
40,131
38,140
37,241
36,615
36,944
38,227
39,934
42,186
46,522
47,761
49,053
48,690
49,296
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,801
2,405
2,713
13,258
6,720
5,247
3,302
1,346
1,756
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
The
new
Classification
of
Instructional
Programs
was
initiated
in
1991
 
92.
The
figures
for
earlier
years
have
been
reclassified
when
necessary
to
make
them
conform
to
the
new
taxonomy.
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services;
and
``
Engineering­
related
technologies''
includes
Engineering
related
technologies,
Mechanics
and
repairers,
and
Construction
trades.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
283
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
251.
 
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
discipline
division:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Discipline
division
1970
 
71
1975
 
76
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
.....................................................
230,509
311,771
295,739
284,263
286,251
288,567
289,349
299,317
310,621
324,301
337,168
352,838
369,585
387,070
397,629
406,301
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
............
2,457
3,340
4,003
4,178
3,928
3,801
3,522
3,479
3,245
3,382
3,295
3,735
3,965
4,119
4,252
4,569
Architecture
and
related
programs
..........
1,705
3,215
3,153
3,223
3,275
3,260
3,163
3,159
3,383
3,499
3,490
3,640
3,808
3,943
3,923
3,993
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
............
1,032
995
804
897
904
945
864
911
1,016
1,212
1,263
1,385
1,523
1,633
1,639
1,713
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
..............
5,728
6,582
5,978
5,406
5,059
5,013
4,952
4,784
4,961
4,869
4,765
4,785
4,756
5,196
5,393
6,157
Business
...................................................
25,977
42,054
57,391
66,150
66,996
66,689
67,093
69,230
73,065
76,676
78,255
84,642
89,615
93,437
93,809
93,982
Communications
......................................
1,770
2,961
2,896
3,513
3,460
3,500
3,622
3,678
3,940
4,063
4,123
4,180
4,754
5,005
5,142
5,080
Communications
technologies
.................
86
165
209
143
209
323
271
247
317
299
213
284
455
414
467
524
Computer
and
information
sciences
........
1,588
2,603
4,218
6,190
7,101
8,070
8,481
9,197
9,414
9,677
9,324
9,530
10,163
10,416
10,326
10,151
Education
.................................................
87,666
126,061
96,713
75,664
74,654
74,801
74,045
76,566
81,174
84,881
87,343
92,668
96,028
98,938
101,242
106,253
Engineering
..............................................
16,309
16,014
16,386
20,078
20,905
21,040
22,015
22,627
23,740
23,863
23,962
24,983
27,626
28,621
28,553
27,441
Engineering­
related
technologies
............
134
328
323
577
650
617
639
758
828
909
996
994
1,100
1,133
1,117
1,125
English
language
and
literature/
letters
....
10,686
8,809
5,929
5,010
5,187
5,518
5,483
5,562
5,950
6,567
7,026
7,450
7,790
7,885
7,845
7,893
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...........
5,217
4,190
2,690
2,581
2,471
2,494
2,379
2,469
2,595
2,760
2,800
2,926
3,198
3,288
3,136
3,124
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
5,749
12,556
16,515
17,411
17,385
18,573
18,394
18,657
19,268
20,321
21,200
23,065
25,718
28,025
31,243
33,398
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
............................................
1,452
2,179
2,570
2,416
2,375
2,294
2,064
2,047
2,164
2,100
2,019
2,412
2,479
2,421
2,864
2,917
Law
and
legal
studies
..............................
955
1,442
1,832
1,802
1,796
1,924
1,943
1,880
2,013
1,888
2,057
2,369
2,197
2,432
2,511
2,751
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,

general
studies,
and
humanities
.........
885
2,633
2,375
1,796
1,696
1,586
1,581
1,814
1,850
1,999
2,213
2,394
2,416
2,496
2,565
2,778
Library
science
.........................................
7,001
8,037
4,859
3,782
3,870
3,564
3,783
3,674
3,906
4,341
4,763
4,893
4,871
5,116
5,057
5,099
Mathematics
.............................................
5,695
4,315
3,074
3,244
3,413
3,607
3,730
3,867
3,903
4,146
4,041
4,011
4,067
4,100
4,181
4,031
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...................
821
1,158
2,144
2,431
2,583
2,625
2,482
2,575
2,762
2,834
1,796
2,126
2,498
2,464
2,457
2,347
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
.................................................
218
571
643
603
596
570
560
544
535
529
483
1,358
1,434
1,625
1,755
1,751
Philosophy
and
religion
............................
1,326
1,356
1,229
1,153
1,167
1,163
1,109
1,099
1,280
1,306
1,441
1,146
1,425
1,350
1,380
1,302
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
........................................
6,367
5,466
5,284
5,576
5,796
5,902
5,629
5,733
5,723
5,449
5,309
5,374
5,366
5,679
5,753
5,847
Precision
production
trades
.....................
 
 
 
0
4
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
2
2
5
8
Protective
services
...................................
194
1,197
1,538
1,219
1,235
1,074
1,019
1,024
1,047
1,151
1,108
1,249
1,357
1,437
1,706
1,812
Psychology
...............................................
5,717
10,167
10,223
9,525
9,891
9,845
9,562
9,180
9,940
10,730
11,349
10,215
10,957
12,181
13,921
13,792
Public
administration
and
services
..........
7,785
15,209
17,803
15,060
15,575
15,692
16,432
16,424
17,020
17,399
17,905
19,243
20,634
21,833
23,501
24,229
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..........
2
0
43
127
119
83
119
49
0
0
0
0
108
124
124
136
Social
sciences
and
history
.....................
16,539
15,953
11,945
10,577
10,503
10,564
10,506
10,412
11,023
11,634
12,233
12,702
13,471
14,561
14,845
15,012
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
...
2,710
3,290
4,220
5,211
4,435
4,556
4,966
4,905
4,749
4,959
4,810
5,185
4,985
4,956
5,240
5,107
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
................................................
63
108
120
194
295
454
433
679
692
538
406
385
495
664
823
919
Visual
and
performing
arts
.......................
6,675
8,817
8,629
8,526
8,718
8,420
8,508
7,939
8,267
8,481
8,657
9,353
9,440
9,925
10,277
10,280
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
.................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,144
851
1,836
8,523
4,156
884
1,651
577
780
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
The
new
Classification
of
Instructional
Programs
was
initiated
in
1991
 
92.
The
figures
for
earlier
years
have
been
reclassified
when
necessary
to
make
them
conform
to
the
new
taxonomy.
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services;
and
``
Engineering­
related
technologies''
includes
Engineering
related
technologies,
Mechanics
and
repairers,
and
Construction
trades.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
284
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
252.
 
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
discipline
division:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Discipline
division
1970
 
71
1975
 
76
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
.....................................................
32,107
34,064
32,958
33,209
32,943
33,653
34,041
34,870
35,720
38,371
39,294
40,659
42,132
43,185
44,446
44,652
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
............
1,086
928
1,067
1,172
1,213
1,158
1,049
1,142
1,183
1,295
1,185
1,214
1,173
1,278
1,264
1,271
Architecture
and
related
programs
...........
36
82
93
84
89
73
92
98
86
103
135
132
148
161
141
141
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
.............
144
188
162
141
140
159
134
142
114
131
167
155
178
155
186
184
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
..............
3,645
3,392
3,718
3,437
3,432
3,358
3,419
3,629
3,520
3,844
4,093
4,243
4,435
4,534
4,645
4,780
Business
...................................................
757
900
795
929
831
934
1,062
1,063
1,100
1,093
1,185
1,242
1,346
1,364
1,394
1,368
Communications
.......................................
145
196
171
215
228
212
273
230
247
267
259
252
293
337
320
338
Communications
technologies
.................
0
8
11
4
6
11
2
4
6
6
15
3
8
8
1
7
Computer
and
information
sciences
........
128
244
252
251
248
344
374
428
551
627
676
772
805
810
884
867
Education
.................................................
6,041
7,202
7,279
6,911
6,612
6,605
6,407
6,060
6,337
6,502
6,187
6,864
7,030
6,908
6,905
6,676
Engineering
..............................................
3,637
2,819
2,551
2,979
3,221
3,398
3,801
4,174
4,506
4,967
5,258
5,488
5,823
5,963
6,110
6,369
Engineering­
related
technologies
.............
1
2
10
2
9
12
17
17
17
14
14
11
20
16
18
11
English
language
and
literature/
letters
....
1,650
1,672
1,164
1,018
1,041
991
961
981
1,022
1,078
1,184
1,273
1,341
1,344
1,561
1,535
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...........
988
1,076
804
659
635
672
661
602
632
724
758
850
830
886
905
876
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
466
577
842
1,164
1,199
1,241
1,213
1,261
1,437
1,536
1,613
1,661
1,767
1,902
2,069
2,119
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.............................................
123
178
247
277
273
311
296
307
264
301
253
293
345
365
388
414
Law
and
legal
studies
..............................
20
76
60
121
105
54
120
89
76
111
90
68
86
79
88
91
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,

general
studies,
and
humanities
.........
32
162
121
173
112
90
56
66
72
63
70
67
81
80
90
75
Library
science
.........................................
39
71
71
74
87
62
57
46
61
42
56
50
77
45
55
53
Mathematics
.............................................
1,249
909
775
743
734
777
759
796
915
966
1,036
1,082
1,189
1,157
1,226
1,209
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
....................
59
111
158
249
219
263
247
224
212
272
220
231
196
227
238
441
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
.................................................
2
15
42
27
36
39
32
29
35
35
28
61
108
116
149
104
Philosophy
and
religion
............................
554
554
410
442
468
477
421
405
465
439
456
475
448
528
507
549
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
........................................
4,390
3,431
3,141
3,306
3,403
3,551
3,673
3,809
3,858
4,164
4,290
4,391
4,393
4,650
4,483
4,571
Precision
production
trades
.....................
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Protective
services
...................................
1
9
21
31
33
21
18
32
26
38
28
24
32
25
26
38
Psychology
...............................................
2,144
3,157
3,576
3,535
3,447
3,593
3,560
3,480
3,685
3,811
3,932
3,373
3,651
3,563
3,822
3,711
Public
administration
and
services
...........
174
292
362
420
431
382
398
470
428
508
430
432
459
519
556
499
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..........
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.....................
3,660
4,157
3,122
2,911
2,851
2,955
2,916
2,781
2,885
3,010
3,012
3,218
3,460
3,627
3,725
3,760
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
....
312
1,033
1,276
1,204
1,144
1,185
1,230
1,199
1,166
1,317
1,079
1,259
1,417
1,448
1,591
1,521
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
................................................
3
3
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
.......................
621
620
654
730
696
722
793
727
753
849
838
906
882
1,054
1,080
1,067
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
.................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
579
61
258
747
569
111
36
19
7
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
The
new
Classification
of
Instructional
Programs
was
initiated
in
1991
 
92.
The
figures
for
earlier
years
have
been
reclassified
when
necessary
to
make
them
conform
to
the
new
taxonomy.
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services;
and
``
Engineering­
related
technologies''
includes
Engineering
related
technologies,
Mechanics
and
repairers,
and
Construction
trades.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
285
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All
fields
........................................................................................
1,164,792
522,454
642,338
406,301
179,081
227,220
44,652
26,841
17,811
Agriculture
and
natural
resources,
total
................................................
21,431
13,535
7,896
4,569
2,650
1,919
1,271
935
336
Agricultural
business
and
production,
total
......................................
4,848
3,506
1,342
648
411
237
236
182
54
Agricultural
business
and
management,
total
..............................
3,279
2,379
900
501
313
188
193
151
42
Agricultural
business
and
management,
general
......................
870
599
271
49
26
23
0
0
0
Agricultural
business/
agribusiness
operations
..........................
1,070
784
286
17
10
7
0
0
0
Agricultural
economics
..............................................................
1,155
853
302
425
269
156
193
151
42
Agricultural
business
and
management,
other
.........................
184
143
41
10
8
2
0
0
0
Agricultural
mechanization
............................................................
245
232
13
3
3
0
2
2
0
Agricultural
production
workers
and
managers
............................
129
98
31
64
52
12
8
7
1
Horticulture
service
operations
and
management
........................
544
396
148
31
17
14
19
11
8
International
agriculture
................................................................
13
7
6
8
3
5
0
0
0
Agricultural
business
and
production,
other
.................................
638
394
244
41
23
18
14
11
3
Agricultural
sciences,
total
................................................................
7,457
4,256
3,201
1,601
895
706
744
540
204
Agriculture/
agricultural
sciences,
general
.....................................
1,085
765
320
180
115
65
2
2
0
Animal
sciences,
total
...................................................................
3,558
1,694
1,864
374
210
164
204
154
50
Animal
sciences,
general
..........................................................
2,980
1,372
1,608
286
157
129
155
116
39
Agricultural
animal
breeding
and
genetics
................................
37
20
17
7
3
4
11
11
0
Agricultural
animal
health
..........................................................
7
4
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
Agricultural
animal
nutrition
.......................................................
0
0
0
10
6
4
8
6
2
Dairy
science
.............................................................................
119
72
47
19
13
6
9
6
3
Poultry
science
..........................................................................
154
117
37
23
15
8
11
9
2
Animal
sciences,
other
..............................................................
261
109
152
27
15
12
10
6
4
Food
sciences
and
technology
.....................................................
513
201
312
308
112
196
144
76
68
Plant
sciences,
total
......................................................................
1,897
1,356
541
603
380
223
314
248
66
Plant
sciences,
general
.............................................................
327
218
109
76
51
25
37
21
16
Agronomy
and
crop
science
.....................................................
624
528
96
229
167
62
163
143
20
Horticulture
science
...................................................................
634
384
250
156
81
75
66
47
19
Plant
breeding
and
genetics
.....................................................
0
0
0
8
4
4
5
5
0
Agricultural
plant
pathology
.......................................................
6
4
2
8
4
4
4
3
1
Plant
protection
(
pest
management)
.........................................
37
31
6
16
10
6
2
2
0
Range
science
and
management
.............................................
169
115
54
67
38
29
23
15
8
Plant
sciences,
other
.................................................................
100
76
24
43
25
18
14
12
2
Soil
sciences
.................................................................................
153
93
60
87
60
27
67
52
15
Agriculture/
agricultural
sciences,
other
.........................................
251
147
104
49
18
31
13
8
5
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources,
total
.....................
9,126
5,773
3,353
2,320
1,344
976
291
213
78
Natural
resources
conservation,
general
......................................
5,113
2,923
2,190
1,256
661
595
80
56
24
Natural
resources
management
and
policy
..................................
463
292
171
223
139
84
4
4
0
Fishing
and
fisheries
sciences
and
management
........................
237
176
61
80
56
24
28
23
5
Forest
harvesting
and
production
technology/
technician
.............
281
194
87
11
10
1
15
12
3
Forestry,
general
...........................................................................
1,389
1,098
291
517
329
188
138
102
36
Wildlife
and
wildlands
management
.............................................
1,158
783
375
179
121
58
18
11
7
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources,
other
................
485
307
178
54
28
26
8
5
3
Architecture
and
related
programs,
total
...............................................
8,352
5,340
3,012
3,993
2,361
1,632
141
96
45
Architecture
...................................................................................
5,054
3,538
1,516
1,988
1,331
657
53
39
14
City/
urban,
community,
and
regional
planning
.............................
475
321
154
1,349
730
619
73
51
22
Architectural
environmental
design
...............................................
614
402
212
63
29
34
2
1
1
Interior
architecture
.......................................................................
740
106
634
10
1
9
0
0
0
Landscape
architecture
.................................................................
894
615
279
367
163
204
6
3
3
Architectural
urban
design
and
planning
......................................
13
6
7
60
41
19
2
1
1
Architecture
and
related
programs,
other
.....................................
562
352
210
156
66
90
5
1
4
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies,
total
.................................................
5,786
1,984
3,802
1,713
798
915
184
94
90
Area
studies,
total
.........................................................................
3,752
1,432
2,320
1,248
594
654
144
71
73
African
studies
...........................................................................
35
16
19
13
12
1
4
1
3
American
studies/
civilization
.....................................................
1,604
581
1,023
274
93
181
96
39
57
Latin
American
studies
..............................................................
413
133
280
271
125
146
6
3
3
Middle
Eastern
studies
..............................................................
84
41
43
90
48
42
18
14
4
Russian
and
Slavic
studies
.......................................................
159
61
98
97
50
47
1
1
0
Asian
studies
.............................................................................
836
392
444
294
155
139
15
10
5
European
studies
......................................................................
238
76
162
90
43
47
1
1
0
Area
studies,
other
....................................................................
383
132
251
119
68
51
3
2
1
Ethnic
and
cultural
studies,
total
...................................................
1,574
343
1,231
189
46
143
29
13
16
Afro­
American
(
black)
studies
...................................................
606
213
393
68
23
45
11
4
7
Hispanic­
American
studies
........................................................
187
61
126
20
10
10
0
0
0
Women's
studies
.......................................................................
602
9
593
72
3
69
0
0
0
Ethnic
studies,
other
..................................................................
179
60
119
29
10
19
8
6
2
Area,
ethnic
and
cultural
studies,
other
........................................
460
209
251
276
158
118
21
13
8
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences,
total
..................................................
60,994
28,849
32,145
6,157
2,902
3,255
4,780
2,773
2,007
Biology,
general
............................................................................
44,818
20,619
24,199
2,606
1,256
1,350
768
434
334
286
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Biochemistry
and
biophysics
........................................................
3,385
1,928
1,457
319
165
154
626
386
240
Botany,
total
..................................................................................
404
182
222
228
118
110
299
181
118
Botany,
general
.........................................................................
370
167
203
145
68
77
144
77
67
Plant
pathology
..........................................................................
9
7
2
72
44
28
109
76
33
Botany,
other
.............................................................................
25
8
17
11
6
5
46
28
18
Cell
and
molecular
biology,
total
..................................................
2,103
1,104
999
181
77
104
499
286
213
Cell
biology
................................................................................
234
131
103
40
16
24
152
95
57
Molecular
biology
......................................................................
680
347
333
83
41
42
247
136
111
Cell
and
molecular
biology,
other
.............................................
1,189
626
563
58
20
38
100
55
45
Microbiology/
bacteriology
..............................................................
2,130
1,067
1,063
324
143
181
477
260
217
Miscellaneous
biological
specializations,
total
..............................
2,981
1,382
1,599
1,507
587
920
1,083
605
478
Anatomy
....................................................................................
77
45
32
62
33
29
70
37
33
Ecology
......................................................................................
825
442
383
272
160
112
86
58
28
Marine/
aquatic
biology
..............................................................
703
322
381
118
58
60
21
16
5
Neurosciences
...........................................................................
264
139
125
49
32
17
215
133
82
Nutritional
sciences
...................................................................
370
77
293
351
33
318
108
36
72
Toxicology
.................................................................................
54
25
29
82
28
54
87
47
40
Genetics,
plant
and
animal
.......................................................
257
121
136
130
45
85
230
129
101
Biometrics
..................................................................................
23
10
13
42
23
19
27
18
9
Miscellaneous
specialized
areas,
other
....................................
408
201
207
401
175
226
239
131
108
Zoology,
total
................................................................................
3,549
1,789
1,760
815
459
356
855
523
332
Zoology,
general
........................................................................
2,903
1,444
1,459
236
128
108
150
102
48
Entomology
................................................................................
73
50
23
148
87
61
137
100
37
Pathology,
human
and
animal
..................................................
14
2
12
60
31
29
103
58
45
Pharmacology,
human
and
animal
...........................................
72
43
29
84
47
37
252
137
115
Physiology,
human
and
animal
.................................................
487
250
237
287
166
121
212
125
87
Zoology,
other
...........................................................................
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences,
other
........................................
1,624
778
846
177
97
80
173
98
75
Business
management,
administrative
services
and
marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
total
....................
227,102
116,842
110,260
93,982
58,685
35,297
1,368
974
394
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
total
...............
222,405
114,838
107,567
93,320
58,333
34,987
1,367
974
393
Business,
general
.........................................................................
22,214
11,696
10,518
10,960
7,114
3,846
207
147
60
Business
administration
and
management,
total
..........................
83,953
43,181
40,772
54,945
34,957
19,988
786
569
217
Office
supervision
and
management
........................................
823
125
698
1
0
1
0
0
0
Operations
management
and
supervision
................................
1,669
1,149
520
588
451
137
7
7
0
Business
administration
and
management,
other
.....................
81,461
41,907
39,554
54,356
34,506
19,850
779
562
217
Accounting
....................................................................................
42,002
18,312
23,690
4,170
2,150
2,020
47
27
20
Secretarial
and
related
programs
.................................................
302
27
275
5
0
5
0
0
0
Business/
managerial
economics
..................................................
2,743
1,770
973
196
133
63
54
44
10
Small
business
management
and
ownership
...............................
450
298
152
62
44
18
0
0
0
Finance,
general
and
banking
and
financial
support
services
.....
20,125
13,436
6,689
5,534
3,893
1,641
45
42
3
Actuarial
sciences
.........................................................................
288
184
104
67
44
23
0
0
0
Insurance
and
risk
management
..................................................
481
275
206
76
51
25
7
5
2
Investments
and
securities
and
financial
planning
.......................
312
191
121
326
224
102
0
0
0
Hospitality
services
management
.................................................
5,321
2,443
2,878
472
240
232
5
2
3
Human
resources
management
...................................................
5,715
2,236
3,479
1,787
700
1,087
38
16
22
Labor/
personnel
relations
and
studies
..........................................
876
457
419
740
275
465
26
14
12
Organizational
behavior
studies
...................................................
1,164
513
651
270
98
172
22
15
7
International
business
...................................................................
3,034
1,460
1,574
3,038
1,880
1,158
12
7
5
Business
information
systems,
total
.............................................
6,183
3,791
2,392
2,554
1,725
829
15
13
2
Management
information
systems
and
data
processing,
general
..........................................................................................
5,727
3,471
2,256
1,995
1,360
635
13
11
2
Business
information
systems,
other
........................................
456
320
136
559
365
194
2
2
0
Quantitative
methods
and
management
science,
total
................
1,714
999
715
825
553
272
28
22
6
Business
statistics
.....................................................................
13
10
3
18
11
7
5
5
0
Management
science,
other
......................................................
1,701
989
712
807
542
265
23
17
6
Marketing
management
and
research
..........................................
20,909
11,107
9,802
2,048
1,141
907
39
25
14
Real
estate
....................................................................................
400
279
121
252
196
56
1
1
0
Taxation
........................................................................................
0
0
0
1,693
947
746
0
0
0
Consumer
and
personal
services
.................................................
256
167
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
other
..........
3,963
2,016
1,947
3,300
1,968
1,332
35
25
10
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
total
....................
4,697
2,004
2,693
662
352
310
1
0
1
Apparel
and
accessories
marketing
operations
...........................
1,082
53
1,029
0
0
2
1
0
1
Business
and
personal
services
marketing
operations
................
344
193
151
15
5
10
0
0
0
General/
retailing
and
wholesaling
operations
and
skills
..............
2,444
1,249
1,195
486
243
243
0
0
0
Transportation
and
travel
marketing
.............................................
162
46
116
30
8
22
0
0
0
Marketing
and
distribution,
other
..................................................
665
463
202
129
96
33
0
0
0
Communications
and
communications
technologies,
total
...................
48,003
19,760
28,243
5,604
2,171
3,433
345
190
155
Communications,
total
......................................................................
47,320
19,391
27,929
5,080
1,900
3,180
338
184
154
Communications,
general
.............................................................
22,995
9,134
13,861
1,820
661
1,159
215
115
100
Advertising
....................................................................................
2,538
1,038
1,500
262
92
170
3
2
1
Journalism
.....................................................................................
9,097
3,250
5,847
1,393
505
888
31
15
16
Broadcast
journalism
....................................................................
586
255
331
14
5
9
0
0
0
287
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Public
relations
and
organizational
communications
....................
2,215
668
1,547
284
74
210
0
0
0
Radio
and
television
broadcasting
................................................
5,125
2,843
2,282
318
158
160
17
11
6
Communications,
other
.................................................................
4,764
2,203
2,561
989
405
584
72
41
31
Communications
technologies,
total
.................................................
683
369
314
524
271
253
7
6
1
Photographic
technology
..............................................................
15
5
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
Radio
and
television
technology
...................................................
581
318
263
385
190
195
7
6
1
Communications
technologies,
other
............................................
87
46
41
139
81
58
0
0
0
Computer
and
information
sciences,
total
............................................
24,098
17,468
6,630
10,151
7,444
2,707
867
741
126
Computer
and
information
sciences,
general
...............................
15,324
11,411
3,913
7,270
5,446
1,824
703
606
97
Computer
programming
................................................................
241
155
86
14
14
0
0
0
0
Data
processing
technology/
technician
........................................
177
113
64
0
0
0
0
0
0
Information
science
and
systems
.................................................
4,142
2,603
1,539
1,386
881
505
29
19
10
Computer
systems
analysis
..........................................................
195
129
66
51
40
11
2
2
0
Computer
and
information
sciences,
other
...................................
4,019
3,057
962
1,430
1,063
367
133
114
19
Education,
total
......................................................................................
105,509
26,233
79,276
106,253
25,214
81,039
6,676
2,525
4,151
Education,
general
........................................................................
1,660
338
1,322
11,745
2,836
8,909
1,171
423
748
Bilingual/
bicultural
education
........................................................
89
5
84
356
63
293
25
10
15
Curriculum
and
instruction
............................................................
22
15
7
9,773
1,940
7,833
732
210
522
Education
administration
and
supervision,
total
...........................
224
41
183
11,609
4,507
7,102
2,281
992
1,289
Education
administration
and
supervision,
general
..................
4
1
3
8,135
3,224
4,911
1,629
701
928
Administration
of
special
education
..........................................
0
0
0
17
4
13
9
3
6
Adult
and
continuing
education
administration
.........................
2
1
1
240
66
174
66
27
39
Educational
supervision
............................................................
0
0
0
621
168
453
21
5
16
Elementary,
middle,
and
secondary
education
administration
218
39
179
1,507
634
873
85
33
52
Higher
education
administration
................................................
0
0
0
531
205
326
289
138
151
Community
and
junior
college
education
administration
..........
0
0
0
19
7
12
4
2
2
Education
administration
and
supervision,
other
......................
0
0
0
539
199
340
152
72
80
Educational/
instructional
media
design
........................................
25
11
14
1,570
456
1,114
52
28
24
Educational
evaluation
and
research,
general
.............................
31
5
26
40
19
21
25
12
13
Educational
statistics
and
research
methods
...............................
2
0
2
25
9
16
31
17
14
Educational
assessment,
testing
and
measurement
....................
0
0
0
81
10
71
29
12
17
Social
and
philosophical
foundations
of
education
......................
5
1
4
213
59
154
101
36
65
Special
education,
total
.............................................................
10,029
1,022
9,007
11,158
1,532
9,626
193
43
150
Special
education,
general
........................................................
6,970
749
6,221
9,196
1,294
7,902
175
40
135
Education
of
the
deaf
and
hearing
impaired
.............................
266
16
250
165
22
143
0
0
0
Education
of
the
gifted
and
talented
.........................................
6
0
6
146
13
133
0
0
0
Education
of
the
emotionally
handicapped
...............................
308
53
255
209
48
161
3
1
2
Education
of
the
mentally
handicapped
....................................
528
56
472
80
7
73
0
0
0
Education
of
the
multiple
handicapped
.....................................
147
13
134
216
20
196
4
0
4
Education
of
the
physically
handicapped
..................................
45
4
41
68
12
56
0
0
0
Education
of
the
blind
and
visually
handicapped
.....................
29
5
24
21
5
16
0
0
0
Education
of
the
specific
learning
disabled
..............................
635
49
586
548
64
484
2
0
2
Education
of
the
speech
impaired
............................................
807
42
765
219
10
209
0
0
0
Special
education,
other
............................................................
288
35
253
290
37
253
9
2
7
Counselor
education/
counseling
and
guidance
services
.............
65
11
54
12,807
2,753
10,054
380
135
245
General
teacher
education,
total
..................................................
58,026
7,867
50,159
25,001
4,533
20,468
416
119
297
Adult
and
continuing
education
.................................................
43
19
24
885
242
643
167
58
109
Elementary
education
................................................................
45,578
5,430
40,148
13,682
1,637
12,045
82
7
75
Junior
high/
intermediate/
middle
school
education
....................
1,410
359
1,051
706
132
574
0
0
0
Pre­
elementary/
early
childhood/
kindergarten
education
...........
6,422
227
6,195
2,105
54
2,051
28
5
23
Secondary
education
.................................................................
3,933
1,729
2,204
4,643
1,750
2,893
57
23
34
Teacher
education,
general
programs,
other
............................
640
103
537
2,980
718
2,262
82
26
56
Teacher
education,
academic
and
vocational
programs
..............
34,012
16,338
17,674
16,287
5,333
10,954
677
322
355
Agricultural
education
(
vocational)
............................................
438
278
160
210
123
87
35
20
15
Art
education
.............................................................................
1,686
375
1,311
639
109
530
19
7
12
Business
education
(
vocational)
...............................................
1,088
304
784
425
132
293
8
4
4
Driver
and
safety
education
......................................................
70
64
6
28
16
12
1
1
0
English
education
......................................................................
2,640
612
2,028
804
201
603
15
3
12
Foreign
languages
education
....................................................
311
54
257
348
50
298
13
3
10
Health
education
.......................................................................
1,993
505
1,488
749
156
593
56
16
40
Home
economics
education
(
vocational)
..................................
245
4
241
70
2
68
6
0
6
Technology/
industrial
arts
education
.........................................
1,285
1,114
171
391
275
116
13
8
5
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution
education
.....
71
36
35
7
2
5
0
0
0
Mathematics
education
.............................................................
1,712
714
998
819
305
514
38
11
27
Music
education
........................................................................
2,786
1,231
1,555
684
279
405
56
24
32
Physical
education
and
coaching
..............................................
12,139
7,141
4,998
3,109
1,699
1,410
181
108
73
Reading
education
....................................................................
179
20
159
3,960
198
3,762
47
12
35
Science
education
.....................................................................
1,075
495
580
746
309
437
45
23
22
Social
science
education
...........................................................
794
429
365
98
53
45
1
1
0
Social
studies
education
...........................................................
2,053
1,191
862
588
342
246
1
0
1
Technical
education
(
vocational)
...............................................
178
114
64
398
146
252
30
18
12
Trade
and
industrial
education
(
vocational)
..............................
1,049
737
312
380
174
206
74
42
32
Teacher
education,
academic
and
vocational
programs,
other
2,220
920
1,300
1,834
762
1,072
38
21
17
288
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Teaching
English
as
a
second
language/
foreign
language
.........
52
12
40
1,662
334
1,328
13
8
5
Education,
other
............................................................................
1,267
567
700
3,926
830
3,096
576
169
407
Engineering
and
engineering­
related
technologies,
total
......................
77,437
64,956
12,481
28,566
23,641
4,925
6,380
5,580
800
Engineering,
total
..............................................................................
62,114
51,069
11,045
27,441
22,735
4,706
6,369
5,570
799
Engineering,
general
.....................................................................
1,904
1,538
366
1,342
1,128
214
207
178
29
Aerospace,
aeronautical,
and
astronautical
engineering
.............
1,642
1,395
247
765
673
92
260
238
22
Agricultural
engineering
................................................................
649
508
141
157
129
28
101
85
16
Architectural
engineering
..............................................................
489
397
92
51
39
12
7
7
0
Bioengineering
and
biomedical
engineering
.................................
998
660
338
492
352
140
183
141
42
Ceramic
sciences
and
engineering
..............................................
187
155
32
71
50
21
46
42
4
Chemical
engineering
...................................................................
6,319
4,243
2,076
1,176
906
270
670
543
127
Civil
engineering
...........................................................................
10,607
8,579
2,028
3,905
3,123
782
616
550
66
Computer
engineering
..................................................................
2,518
2,246
272
962
766
196
125
106
19
Electrical,
electronics,
and
communications
engineering
.............
13,900
12,246
1,654
7,103
6,110
993
1,591
1,431
160
Engineering
mechanics
.................................................................
106
91
15
123
108
15
77
70
7
Engineering
physics
......................................................................
263
227
36
58
51
7
41
36
5
Engineering
science
......................................................................
312
254
58
336
274
62
54
49
5
Environmental/
environmental
health
engineering
.........................
745
478
267
1,038
768
270
72
54
18
Geological
engineering
.................................................................
179
131
48
39
36
3
14
12
2
Geophysical
engineering
..............................................................
21
13
8
12
12
0
2
2
0
Industrial/
manufacturing
engineering
............................................
3,284
2,313
971
1,959
1,513
446
279
217
62
Material
engineering
.....................................................................
473
368
105
457
354
103
361
314
47
Mechanical
engineering
................................................................
14,177
12,484
1,693
3,881
3,443
438
940
875
65
Metallurgical
engineering
..............................................................
255
190
65
137
102
35
74
57
17
Mining
and
mineral
engineering
...................................................
126
114
12
40
39
1
26
23
3
Naval
architecture
and
marine
engineering
..................................
329
303
26
29
22
7
7
6
1
Nuclear
engineering
......................................................................
222
192
30
257
222
35
135
120
15
Ocean
engineering
........................................................................
167
132
35
112
99
13
30
26
4
Petroleum
engineering
..................................................................
240
209
31
145
132
13
49
47
2
Systems
engineering
....................................................................
386
310
76
484
407
77
58
48
10
Textile
sciences
and
engineering
.................................................
72
50
22
32
17
15
3
3
0
Engineering,
other
.........................................................................
1,544
1,243
301
2,278
1,860
418
341
290
51
Engineering­
related
technologies,
total
............................................
15,323
13,887
1,436
1,125
906
219
11
10
1
Architectural
engineering
technologies
.........................................
517
463
54
0
0
0
0
0
0
Civil
technologies
..........................................................................
544
487
57
0
0
0
1
1
0
Electrical
and
electronic
technologies
..........................................
4,033
3,732
301
22
21
1
0
0
0
Electromechanical
instrumentation
and
maintenance
technologies
..............................................................................
434
412
22
1
1
0
0
0
0
Environmental
control
technologies
..............................................
280
209
71
153
113
40
0
0
0
Industrial
production
technologies
................................................
3,848
3,412
436
231
186
45
4
4
0
Quality
control
and
safety
technologies
........................................
498
396
102
373
296
77
0
0
0
Mechanical
and
related
technologies
...........................................
1,668
1,555
113
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mining
and
petroleum
technologies
..............................................
14
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surveying
......................................................................................
149
137
12
25
23
2
6
5
1
Mechanics
and
repairers
..............................................................
54
48
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction
trades
.......................................................................
80
76
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
Engineering
and
related
technologies,
other
................................
3,204
2,946
258
320
266
54
0
0
0
English
language
and
literature/
letters,
total
.........................................
50,698
17,253
33,445
7,893
2,814
5,079
1,535
590
945
English
language
and
literature,
general
......................................
38,498
12,766
25,732
5,139
1,816
3,323
1,126
435
691
Comparative
literature
...................................................................
770
246
524
236
87
149
140
55
85
English
composition
......................................................................
262
100
162
24
5
19
5
1
4
English
creative
writing
.................................................................
965
417
548
1,132
459
673
5
3
2
American
literature
(
United
States)
..............................................
42
16
26
6
1
5
15
6
9
English
literature
(
British
and
Commonwealth)
............................
1,298
433
865
281
97
184
41
11
30
Speech
and
rhetorical
studies
......................................................
7,634
2,877
4,757
752
250
502
143
58
85
English
technical
and
business
writing
.........................................
183
52
131
172
47
125
0
0
0
English
language
and
literature/
letters,
other
...............................
1,046
346
700
151
52
99
60
21
39
Foreign
languages
and
literatures,
total
...............................................
13,952
4,219
9,733
3,124
1,017
2,107
876
387
489
Foreign
languages
and
literatures,
total
.......................................
1,498
452
1,046
894
299
595
249
127
122
Foreign
languages
and
literatures,
general
..............................
879
271
608
296
91
205
57
29
28
Linguistics
..................................................................................
619
181
438
598
208
390
192
98
94
East
and
Southeast
Asian
languages
and
literatures,
total
.........
581
291
290
110
35
75
31
13
18
Chinese
.....................................................................................
136
77
59
42
16
26
19
11
8
Japanese
...................................................................................
359
164
195
47
13
34
3
0
3
East
and
Southeast
Asian
languages,
other
............................
86
50
36
21
6
15
9
2
7
East
European
languages
and
literatures,
total
...........................
547
202
345
144
41
103
44
15
29
Russian
languages
....................................................................
494
182
312
58
15
43
7
2
5
Slavic
languages
(
other
than
Russian)
.....................................
49
20
29
79
25
54
36
12
24
East
European
languages,
other
..............................................
4
0
4
7
1
6
1
1
0
Germanic
languages
and
literatures,
total
....................................
1,322
513
809
325
133
192
84
34
50
German
......................................................................................
1,290
501
789
305
120
185
75
29
46
289
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Scandinavian
languages
...........................................................
20
6
14
6
4
2
0
0
0
Germanic
languages,
other
.......................................................
12
6
6
14
9
5
9
5
4
South
Asian
languages
and
literatures
.........................................
8
5
3
4
1
3
2
0
2
Romance
languages
and
literatures,
total
....................................
8,988
2,270
6,718
1,351
374
977
343
119
224
French
.......................................................................................
2,655
558
2,097
446
104
342
113
34
79
Italian
.........................................................................................
232
53
179
44
15
29
22
4
18
Portuguese
................................................................................
29
18
11
9
3
6
2
2
0
Spanish
......................................................................................
5,995
1,623
4,372
769
226
543
151
61
90
Romance
languages,
other
.......................................................
77
18
59
83
26
57
55
18
37
Middle
Eastern
languages
and
literatures,
total
...........................
76
24
52
53
24
29
18
15
3
Arabic
........................................................................................
8
4
4
3
2
1
2
1
1
Hebrew
......................................................................................
45
10
35
28
13
15
2
2
0
Middle
East
languages,
other
...................................................
23
10
13
22
9
13
14
12
2
Classical
and
ancient
Near
East
languages
and
literatures,
total
735
390
345
177
95
82
63
39
24
Classics
.....................................................................................
619
340
279
160
90
70
57
36
21
Greek
(
ancient
and
medieval)
...................................................
26
12
14
8
2
6
5
3
2
Latin
(
ancient
and
medieval)
.....................................................
90
38
52
9
3
6
1
0
1
Foreign
languages,
other
..............................................................
197
72
125
66
15
51
42
25
17
Health
professions
and
related
sciences,
total
.....................................
84,036
15,432
68,604
33,398
7,021
26,377
2,119
919
1,200
Communication
disorders
sciences
and
services
........................
6,120
370
5,750
5,027
264
4,763
92
24
68
Community
health
liaison
..............................................................
814
170
644
145
39
106
0
0
0
Dentistry
........................................................................................
9
5
4
362
243
119
35
23
12
Dental
services
.............................................................................
923
33
890
37
18
19
0
0
0
Epidemiology
.................................................................................
0
0
0
316
116
200
91
45
46
Health
services
administration,
total
.............................................
4,247
1,096
3,151
3,867
1,318
2,549
62
27
35
Health
services
administration
..................................................
2,298
612
1,686
2,195
793
1,402
36
18
18
Medical
records
administration
.................................................
709
92
617
0
0
0
0
0
0
Medical
records
technology/
technician
.....................................
2
0
2
6
4
2
4
3
1
Health
and
medical
administrative
services,
other
...................
1,238
392
846
1,666
521
1,145
22
6
16
Health
and
medical
assistants,
total
.............................................
1,440
636
804
394
131
263
0
0
0
Medical
assistant
.......................................................................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Physician
assistant
....................................................................
1,271
588
683
372
120
252
0
0
0
Health
and
medical
assistants,
other
........................................
169
48
121
22
11
11
0
0
0
Health
and
medical
diagnostic
and
treatment
services,
total
.......
1,595
614
981
32
23
9
3
2
1
Respiratory
therapy
technology/
technician
...............................
385
165
220
0
0
0
0
0
0
Health
and
medical
diagnostic
and
treatment
services,
other
..
1,210
449
761
32
23
9
3
2
1
Medical
laboratory
technologies,
total
..........................................
2,972
913
2,059
436
163
273
97
46
51
Medical
technology
....................................................................
2,543
752
1,791
69
19
50
1
0
1
Health
and
medical
laboratory
technologies/
technicians,
other
429
161
268
367
144
223
96
46
50
Pre­
dentistry
studies
.....................................................................
138
75
63
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pre­
medicine
studies
....................................................................
667
355
312
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pre­
pharmacy
studies
...................................................................
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pre­
veterinary
studies
...................................................................
266
83
183
2
0
2
0
0
0
Medical
basic
sciences
.................................................................
384
145
239
446
215
231
471
267
204
Mental
health
services,
total
.........................................................
621
128
493
380
56
324
6
1
5
Alcohol/
drug
abuse
counseling
.................................................
109
41
68
39
6
33
0
0
0
Psychiatric/
mental
health
services
technician
...........................
97
22
75
50
8
42
0
0
0
Clinical
and
medical
social
work
...............................................
117
20
97
74
13
61
6
1
5
Mental
health
services,
other
....................................................
298
45
253
217
29
188
0
0
0
Nursing
..........................................................................................
44,544
4,838
39,706
10,510
733
9,777
399
18
381
Optometry
.....................................................................................
133
72
61
14
7
7
7
4
3
Pharmacy
......................................................................................
6,288
2,331
3,957
298
157
141
298
167
131
Rehabilitation/
therapeutic
services,
total
......................................
8,069
1,923
6,146
5,615
1,431
4,184
31
10
21
Art
therapy
.................................................................................
75
3
72
198
12
186
0
0
0
Dance
therapy
...........................................................................
5
0
5
18
0
18
0
0
0
Music
therapy
............................................................................
185
26
159
31
10
21
0
0
0
Occupational
therapy
................................................................
3,217
474
2,743
1,030
101
929
3
0
3
Orthotics/
prosthetics
..................................................................
26
21
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
Physical
therapy
........................................................................
3,225
1,078
2,147
3,343
1,055
2,288
5
1
4
Recreational
therapy
.................................................................
160
28
132
0
0
0
0
0
0
Vocational
rehabilitation
counseling
..........................................
233
47
186
623
165
458
9
3
6
Rehabilitative
services,
other
....................................................
943
246
697
372
88
284
14
6
8
Veterinary
medicine
......................................................................
0
0
0
140
67
73
132
84
48
Miscellaneous
health
professions
.................................................
421
183
238
884
478
406
77
54
23
Health
professions
and
related
sciences,
other
...........................
4,384
1,461
2,923
4,493
1,562
2,931
318
147
171
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics,
total
....................
15,803
1,885
13,918
2,917
496
2,421
414
117
297
Home
economics,
total
.....................................................................
15,328
1,682
13,646
2,885
494
2,391
409
113
296
Home
economics,
general
............................................................
2,620
193
2,427
300
24
276
47
7
40
Home
economics
business
services
............................................
122
14
108
4
0
4
0
0
0
Family
and
community
studies
.....................................................
229
24
205
55
12
43
6
5
1
Family
and
consumer
resource
management
..............................
1,022
293
729
70
11
59
27
4
23
Food
and
nutrition
studies
............................................................
3,648
518
3,130
597
69
528
46
15
31
Housing
studies
............................................................................
489
73
416
13
1
12
3
2
1
Individual
and
family
development
studies
...................................
5,724
473
5,251
1,745
360
1,385
257
74
183
290
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Clothing/
apparel
and
textile
studies
..............................................
1,323
74
1,249
84
15
69
14
5
9
Home
economics,
other
................................................................
151
20
131
17
2
15
9
1
8
Vocational
home
economics,
total
...................................................
475
203
272
32
2
30
5
4
1
Child
care
and
guidance
management
.........................................
137
5
132
28
2
26
0
0
0
Vocational
home
economics,
other
..............................................
338
198
140
4
0
4
5
4
1
Law
and
legal
studies,
total
..................................................................
2,052
556
1,496
2,751
1,751
1,000
91
59
32
Pre­
law
studies
.............................................................................
201
92
109
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paralegal/
legal
assistant
...............................................................
1,125
177
948
31
7
24
0
0
0
Law
and
legal
studies,
other
.........................................................
726
287
439
2,720
1,744
976
91
59
32
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities,
total
........
33,997
13,379
20,618
2,778
961
1,817
75
33
42
Liberal
arts
and
sciences/
liberal
studies
.......................................
21,493
7,837
13,656
1,873
653
1,220
23
10
13
Humanities/
humanistic
studies
.....................................................
3,117
1,099
2,018
488
190
298
42
21
21
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
other
.........................
9,387
4,443
4,944
417
118
299
10
2
8
Library
science,
total
.............................................................................
58
8
50
5,099
1,071
4,028
53
10
43
Library
science/
librarianship
.........................................................
56
7
49
5,032
1,054
3,978
51
10
41
Library
science,
other
...................................................................
2
1
1
67
17
50
2
0
2
Mathematics,
total
.................................................................................
13,143
7,134
6,009
4,031
2,465
1,566
1,209
962
247
Mathematics
..................................................................................
11,346
6,029
5,317
2,381
1,407
974
831
672
159
Applied
mathematics,
total
............................................................
1,094
668
426
736
518
218
191
151
40
Applied
mathematics,
general
and
other
..................................
664
381
283
356
231
125
140
108
32
Operations
research
(
quantitative
methods)
.............................
430
287
143
380
287
93
51
43
8
Mathematical
statistics
..................................................................
434
257
177
819
481
338
166
127
39
Mathematics,
other
.......................................................................
269
180
89
95
59
36
21
12
9
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies,
total
........................................................
26,515
9,286
17,229
2,347
1,082
1,265
441
218
223
Biological
and
physical
sciences
..................................................
2,574
1,318
1,256
243
128
115
28
20
8
Systems
science
and
theory
.........................................................
114
71
43
166
90
76
21
14
7
Museology/
museum
studies
.........................................................
4
1
3
112
20
92
0
0
0
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies,
other
..............................................
23,823
7,896
15,927
1,826
844
982
392
184
208
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies,
total
.............................
13,983
7,090
6,893
1,751
911
840
104
65
39
Parks,
recreation
and
leisure
studies
...........................................
2,146
979
1,167
208
90
118
12
7
5
Parks,
recreation
and
leisure
facilities
management
....................
2,844
1,285
1,559
250
119
131
15
11
4
Health
and
physical
education/
fitness
..........................................
8,756
4,679
4,077
1,270
693
577
75
46
29
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies,
other
....................
237
147
90
23
9
14
2
1
1
Philosophy
and
religion,
total
................................................................
7,388
4,859
2,529
1,302
845
457
549
385
164
Philosophy
.....................................................................................
4,555
3,199
1,356
695
500
195
324
238
86
Religion/
religious
studies
..............................................................
2,543
1,477
1,066
540
321
219
216
140
76
Philosophy
and
religion,
other
......................................................
290
183
107
67
24
43
9
7
2
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies,
total
...............................
19,647
12,578
7,069
5,847
3,966
1,881
4,571
3,515
1,056
Physical
sciences,
total
....................................................................
19,518
12,517
7,001
5,823
3,952
1,871
4,563
3,508
1,055
Physical
sciences,
general
...........................................................
392
238
154
71
58
13
4
1
3
Astronomy
.....................................................................................
105
70
35
76
56
20
97
74
23
Astrophysics
..................................................................................
43
23
20
39
32
7
28
24
4
Atmospheric
science
and
meteorology
.........................................
434
348
86
199
164
35
97
80
17
Chemistry,
total
.............................................................................
10,415
5,970
4,445
2,254
1,269
985
2,287
1,598
689
Chemistry,
general
....................................................................
10,091
5,773
4,318
2,094
1,176
918
2,088
1,461
627
Analytical
chemistry
...................................................................
0
0
0
16
13
3
14
11
3
Inorganic
chemistry
...................................................................
0
0
0
2
0
2
3
3
0
Organic
chemistry
.....................................................................
14
8
6
19
10
9
5
3
2
Medicinal/
pharmaceutical
chemistry
.........................................
20
12
8
40
23
17
59
36
23
Chemistry,
other
........................................................................
290
177
113
83
47
36
118
84
34
Geological
and
related
sciences,
total
..........................................
3,190
2,091
1,099
991
711
280
372
298
74
Geology
.....................................................................................
2,922
1,927
995
816
581
235
279
215
64
Geochemistry
............................................................................
18
13
5
4
2
2
4
4
0
Geophysics
and
seismology
.....................................................
60
45
15
76
58
18
64
56
8
Geological
and
related
sciences,
other
.....................................
190
106
84
95
70
25
25
23
2
Miscellaneous
physical
sciences,
total
.........................................
904
575
329
405
233
172
191
137
54
Metallurgy
..................................................................................
0
0
0
3
3
0
1
1
0
Oceanography
...........................................................................
185
120
65
142
88
54
105
72
33
Earth
and
planetary
sciences
....................................................
644
411
233
155
88
67
78
59
19
Miscellaneous
physical
sciences,
other
....................................
75
44
31
105
54
51
7
5
2
Physics,
total
.................................................................................
3,679
2,999
680
1,678
1,377
301
1,462
1,276
186
Physics,
general
........................................................................
3,548
2,899
649
1,546
1,274
272
1,379
1,204
175
Physics,
other
............................................................................
131
100
31
132
103
29
83
72
11
Physical
sciences,
other
...............................................................
356
203
153
110
52
58
25
20
5
291
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Science
technologies,
total
...............................................................
129
61
68
24
14
10
8
7
1
Precision
production
trades,
total
..........................................................
401
305
96
8
6
2
0
0
0
Drafting,
general
...........................................................................
149
132
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
Precision
production
trades,
other
................................................
252
173
79
8
6
2
0
0
0
Protective
services,
total
.......................................................................
24,810
15,274
9,536
1,812
1,151
661
38
22
16
Criminal
justice
and
corrections,
total
...........................................
24,396
14,905
9,491
1,779
1,120
659
37
21
16
Corrections/
correctional
administration
.....................................
663
348
315
70
41
29
1
1
0
Criminal
justice/
law
enforcement
administration
.......................
8,254
5,043
3,211
611
371
240
4
0
4
Criminal
justice
studies
.............................................................
12,667
7,641
5,026
974
645
329
32
20
12
Forensic
studies
........................................................................
25
8
17
66
31
35
0
0
0
Law
enforcement/
police
science
...............................................
1,734
1,260
474
50
26
24
0
0
0
Criminal
justice,
other
................................................................
1,053
605
448
8
6
2
0
0
0
Fire
control
and
safety
..................................................................
304
287
17
29
27
2
1
1
0
Protective
services,
other
.............................................................
110
82
28
4
4
0
0
0
0
Psychology,
total
...................................................................................
73,291
19,817
53,474
13,792
3,813
9,979
3,711
1,259
2,452
Psychology,
general
......................................................................
69,044
18,715
50,329
4,793
1,456
3,337
1,553
573
980
Clinical
psychology
.......................................................................
56
18
38
1,394
339
1,055
1,328
422
906
Counseling
psychology
.................................................................
290
62
228
4,289
1,034
3,255
297
101
196
Developmental
and
child
psychology
...........................................
647
67
580
63
17
46
66
14
52
Experimental
psychology
..............................................................
246
73
173
62
25
37
70
23
47
Industrial
and
organizational
psychology
......................................
122
36
86
826
360
466
59
19
40
Physiological
psychology/
psychobiology
......................................
182
70
112
7
5
2
25
8
17
Social
psychology
.........................................................................
585
156
429
99
27
72
43
18
25
School
psychology
........................................................................
0
0
0
817
158
659
108
24
84
Psychology,
other
.........................................................................
2,119
620
1,499
1,442
392
1,050
162
57
105
Public
administration
and
services,
total
...............................................
19,849
4,205
15,644
24,229
6,927
17,302
499
220
279
Public
administration
.....................................................................
2,485
1,287
1,198
7,556
3,662
3,894
157
96
61
Community
organization,
resources
and
services
........................
1,702
386
1,316
263
91
172
5
1
4
Public
policy
analysis
....................................................................
435
202
233
862
413
449
88
44
44
Social
work
....................................................................................
14,687
2,110
12,577
15,057
2,569
12,488
243
74
169
Public
affairs,
other
.......................................................................
540
220
320
491
192
299
6
5
1
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies,
total
..............................................
7
7
0
136
132
4
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history,
total
..........................................................
126,479
65,872
60,607
15,012
8,093
6,919
3,760
2,339
1,421
Social
sciences,
general
...............................................................
7,343
2,992
4,351
543
240
303
69
33
36
Anthropology
.................................................................................
6,261
2,282
3,979
1,030
412
618
393
181
212
Archeology
....................................................................................
120
47
73
21
8
13
13
6
7
Criminology
...................................................................................
2,676
1,535
1,141
124
59
65
10
7
3
Demography
and
population
studies
............................................
1
0
1
44
16
28
4
4
0
Economics
.....................................................................................
16,674
11,634
5,040
2,533
1,687
846
916
709
207
Geography,
total
...........................................................................
4,145
2,746
1,399
756
473
283
173
129
44
Geography
.................................................................................
4,097
2,713
1,384
755
472
283
173
129
44
Cartography
...............................................................................
48
33
15
1
1
0
0
0
0
History
...........................................................................................
26,005
15,921
10,084
2,898
1,777
1,121
805
473
332
International
relations
and
affairs
.................................................
5,506
2,397
3,109
2,372
1,211
1,161
58
44
14
Political
science
and
government,
general
...................................
30,775
17,386
13,389
2,024
1,213
811
634
439
195
Sociology
.......................................................................................
24,071
7,767
16,304
1,772
623
1,149
527
247
280
Urban
affairs/
studies
.....................................................................
647
315
332
339
171
168
61
27
34
Social
sciences
and
history,
other
................................................
2,255
850
1,405
556
203
353
97
40
57
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations,
total
........................................
5,358
4,044
1,314
5,107
3,056
2,051
1,521
1,304
217
Biblical
and
other
theological
languages
and
literatures
..............
66
44
22
77
35
42
4
4
0
Bible/
biblical
studies
......................................................................
1,500
1,114
386
290
234
56
56
52
4
Missions/
missionary
studies
and
misology
...................................
259
133
126
225
133
92
38
36
2
Religious
education
.......................................................................
707
403
304
930
487
443
33
25
8
Religious/
sacred
music
.................................................................
158
88
70
138
92
46
9
6
3
Theology/
theological
studies
.........................................................
2,158
1,890
268
2,546
1,635
911
990
875
115
Pastoral
counseling
and
specialized
ministries
............................
236
191
45
570
247
323
190
151
39
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations,
other
.......................
274
181
93
331
193
138
201
155
46
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers,
total
...............................
3,561
3,143
418
919
856
63
0
0
0
Air
transportation
workers
.............................................................
3,336
2,950
386
905
845
60
0
0
0
Water
transportation
workers
........................................................
195
170
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
Transportation
and
material
moving,
other
...................................
30
23
7
14
11
3
0
0
0
Visual
and
performing
arts,
total
...........................................................
49,296
20,126
29,170
10,280
4,361
5,919
1,067
524
543
Visual
and
performing
arts,
general
.............................................
1,459
612
847
99
48
51
5
3
2
Crafts,
folk
art,
and
artisanry
........................................................
129
34
95
6
3
3
0
0
0
292
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
253.
 
Bachelor's,
master's,
and
doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student
and
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
 
Continued
Field
of
study
Bachelor's
degrees
requiring
4
or
5
years
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
(
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
etc.)

Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dance
............................................................................................
925
94
831
191
29
162
10
1
9
Design
and
applied
art
..................................................................
7,988
3,265
4,723
525
221
304
3
1
2
Dramatic/
theater
arts
and
stagecraft
............................................
6,217
2,486
3,731
1,317
567
750
99
42
57
Film/
video
and
photographic
arts,
total
........................................
2,814
1,718
1,096
680
377
303
11
7
4
Film­
video
making/
cinematography
and
production
.................
1,107
758
349
303
172
131
1
1
0
Photography
..............................................................................
939
481
458
157
72
85
5
5
0
Film
arts,
other
..........................................................................
768
479
289
220
133
87
5
1
4
Fine
arts
and
art
studies,
total
......................................................
20,585
7,413
13,172
3,354
1,201
2,153
183
51
132
Art,
general
................................................................................
11,326
4,322
7,004
968
385
583
38
16
22
Art
history,
criticism
and
conservation
......................................
4,565
1,241
3,324
1,102
341
761
142
33
109
Arts
management
......................................................................
102
17
85
171
27
144
1
0
1
Painting
......................................................................................
779
360
419
196
94
102
0
0
0
Ceramic
arts
and
ceramics
.......................................................
191
62
129
65
32
33
0
0
0
Fiber,
textile
and
weaving
arts
..................................................
95
6
89
38
5
33
2
2
0
Metal
and
jewelry
arts
...............................................................
97
19
78
21
5
16
0
0
0
Fine
arts
and
art
studies,
other
.................................................
3,430
1,386
2,044
793
312
481
0
0
0
Music,
total
....................................................................................
8,713
4,311
4,402
3,741
1,797
1,944
716
408
308
Music,
general
...........................................................................
4,391
2,061
2,330
1,157
549
608
312
181
131
Music
history
and
literature
.......................................................
57
23
34
69
34
35
24
14
10
Music,
general
performance
......................................................
2,843
1,314
1,529
1,908
920
988
242
124
118
Music
theory
and
composition
..................................................
271
199
72
199
135
64
76
62
14
Music,
other
...............................................................................
1,151
714
437
408
159
249
62
27
35
Visual
and
performing
arts,
other
.................................................
466
193
273
367
118
249
40
11
29
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
..............................................................
1,756
1,015
741
780
420
360
7
5
2
NOTE.
 
Aggregations
by
field
of
study
derived
from
the
Classification
of
Instructional
Programs
developed
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1998.)
293
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
254.
 
Degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
Year
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Firstprofessional
1
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Firstprofessional
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1969
 
70
.......................................
170,966
519,550
134,545
19,183
14,542
35,057
272,766
73,746
10,683
20,376
1970
 
71
.......................................
215,645
557,996
151,603
20,788
16,139
36,666
281,734
78,906
11,319
21,807
1971
 
72
.......................................
255,218
599,615
167,075
21,776
18,521
36,796
287,658
84,558
11,587
24,890
1972
 
73
.......................................
278,132
630,899
174,405
22,357
21,872
38,042
291,463
88,966
12,420
28,146
1973
 
74
.......................................
303,188
651,544
184,632
21,810
23,208
40,736
294,232
92,401
12,006
30,608
1974
 
75
.......................................
318,474
634,785
193,804
22,176
23,612
41,697
288,148
98,646
11,907
32,304
1975
 
76
.......................................
345,006
635,161
206,298
21,751
25,766
46,448
290,585
105,473
12,313
36,883
1976
 
77
.......................................
355,650
630,463
208,901
21,229
26,344
50,727
289,086
108,263
12,003
38,015
1977
 
78
.......................................
358,874
627,903
202,099
20,456
27,097
53,372
293,301
109,521
11,675
39,484
1978
 
79
.......................................
346,808
621,666
192,016
20,817
27,785
55,894
299,724
109,063
11,913
41,063
1979
 
80
.......................................
344,536
624,084
187,499
20,608
27,942
56,374
305,333
110,582
12,007
42,189
1980
 
81
.......................................
352,391
626,452
184,384
20,895
29,128
63,986
308,688
111,355
12,063
42,828
1981
 
82
.......................................
2
366,732
636,475
182,295
20,889
29,611
2
67,794
316,523
113,251
11,818
42,421
1982
 
83
.......................................
377,817
646,317
176,246
21,186
29,757
71,803
323,193
113,675
11,589
43,297
1983
 
84
.......................................
2
379,249
646,013
170,693
21,141
29,586
2
72,991
328,296
113,570
12,068
44,882
1984
 
85
.......................................
377,625
652,246
170,000
21,337
30,152
77,087
327,231
116,251
11,606
44,911
1985
 
86
.......................................
369,052
658,586
169,903
21,433
29,568
76,995
329,237
118,664
12,220
44,342
1986
 
87
.......................................
358,811
659,260
167,797
21,870
29,346
77,493
332,004
121,552
12,171
42,271
1987
 
88
.......................................
354,180
658,491
173,778
22,488
29,153
80,905
336,338
125,539
12,382
41,582
1988
 
89
.......................................
357,001
675,675
179,109
22,970
28,993
79,763
343,080
131,512
12,750
41,863
1989
 
90
.......................................
375,635
700,015
186,104
24,641
28,810
79,467
351,329
138,197
13,730
42,178
1990
 
91
.......................................
398,055
724,062
193,057
25,681
29,554
83,665
370,476
144,111
13,613
42,394
1991
 
92
.......................................
420,265
759,475
203,398
26,820
29,366
83,966
377,078
149,440
13,839
44,780
1992
 
93
.......................................
430,321
785,112
213,843
27,392
29,628
84,435
380,066
155,742
14,740
45,759
1993
 
94
.......................................
3
444,373
789,148
221,428
28,524
29,842
86,259
380,127
165,642
14,661
45,576
1994
 
95
.......................................
451,539
776,670
224,152
28,917
29,871
88,152
383,464
173,477
15,529
45,929
1995
 
96
.......................................
454,291
774,070
227,179
29,516
29,882
100,925
390,722
179,122
15,136
46,852
1
Includes
degrees
which
require
at
least
6
years
of
college
work
for
completion
(
including
at
least
2
years
of
preprofessional
training).
2
Data
are
approximations.
3
Revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
255.
 
Degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution,
level
of
degree,
and
discipline
division:
1995
 
96
Discipline
division
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
.........................................................................................
454,291
774,070
227,179
29,516
100,925
390,722
179,122
15,136
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
1
..............................................
5,826
19,933
3,895
1,243
356
1,498
674
28
Architecture
and
related
programs
..............................................
248
6,191
2,776
96
8
2,161
1,217
45
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
................................................
92
3,088
990
84
19
2,698
723
100
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
..................................................
1,961
39,634
4,296
3,291
76
21,360
1,861
1,489
Business
2
.....................................................................................
73,694
135,342
37,156
917
33,474
91,760
56,826
451
Communications
...........................................................................
1,357
33,139
2,666
276
830
14,181
2,414
62
Communications
technologies
.....................................................
1,590
420
102
0
167
263
422
7
Computer
and
information
sciences
............................................
6,811
14,627
5,705
546
2,847
9,471
4,446
321
Construction
trades
......................................................................
1,562
24
0
0
579
56
0
0
Education
.....................................................................................
8,593
78,471
67,562
5,082
1,157
27,038
38,691
1,594
Engineering
..................................................................................
1,756
47,068
18,610
4,531
441
15,046
8,831
1,838
Engineering­
related
technologies
.................................................
20,926
10,906
919
11
12,076
4,283
206
0
English
language
and
literature/
letters
........................................
1,225
34,023
5,817
1,172
85
16,675
2,076
363
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...............................................
380
9,070
2,356
524
227
4,882
768
352
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.....................................
84,257
54,666
19,091
1,568
17,615
29,370
14,307
551
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
....................
7,862
13,568
1,544
274
330
2,235
1,373
140
Law
and
legal
studies
..................................................................
5,807
1,205
588
9
3,299
847
2,163
82
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
.......
164,685
20,904
1,118
32
10,285
13,093
1,660
43
Library
science
.............................................................................
92
46
4,208
50
2
12
891
3
Mathematics
.................................................................................
725
8,694
3,056
845
33
4,449
975
364
Mechanics
and
repairers
..............................................................
10,164
43
0
0
2,360
11
0
0
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
.......................................................
8,517
20,500
1,590
193
94
6,015
757
248
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
.............................
808
10,788
1,433
101
128
3,195
318
3
Philosophy
and
religion
................................................................
34
3,025
504
218
49
4,363
798
331
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...............................
2,553
12,764
4,299
3,235
59
6,883
1,548
1,336
Precision
production
trades
.........................................................
6,466
379
0
0
3,751
22
8
0
Protective
services
.......................................................................
18,368
19,725
1,084
37
828
5,085
728
1
Psychology
...................................................................................
1,441
48,612
5,941
1,881
142
24,679
7,851
1,830
Public
administration
and
services
..............................................
3,847
14,288
14,551
287
371
5,561
9,678
212
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..............................................
551
3
136
0
5
4
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.........................................................
3,678
82,705
9,557
2,344
343
43,774
5,455
1,416
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
........................................
0
0
0
0
608
5,358
5,107
1,521
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..............................
1,255
1,677
106
0
316
1,884
813
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
...........................................................
6,726
28,542
5,523
669
6,808
20,754
4,757
398
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
.....................................................
434
0
0
0
1,157
1,756
780
7
1
Includes
``
Agricultural
business
and
production,''
``
Agricultural
sciences,''
and
``
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources.''

2
Includes
``
Business
management
and
administrative
services,''
``
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,''
and
``
Consumer
and
personal
services.''
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Completions''
survey,
1995
 
96
and
``
Consolidated''
survey
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
294
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
256.
 
Degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution,
level
of
degree,
and
discipline
division:
1994
 
95
Discipline
division
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
.........................................................................................
451,539
776,670
224,152
28,917
88,152
383,464
173,477
15,529
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
1
..............................................
5,418
18,471
3,778
1,246
312
1,370
474
18
Architecture
and
related
programs
..............................................
253
6,532
2,708
81
24
2,224
1,215
60
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
................................................
52
2,980
963
87
16
2,726
676
99
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
..................................................
1,802
36,640
3,904
3,274
77
19,344
1,489
1,371
Business
2
.....................................................................................
75,415
142,206
37,114
970
26,511
92,117
56,695
424
Communications
...........................................................................
1,340
33,847
2,773
266
1,820
14,257
2,369
54
Communications
technologies
.....................................................
1,659
471
82
0
325
228
385
1
Computer
and
information
sciences
............................................
6,716
14,793
5,661
594
2,436
9,611
4,665
290
Construction
trades
......................................................................
1,345
38
0
0
383
75
7
0
Education
.....................................................................................
8,414
79,536
65,265
5,139
1,244
26,543
35,977
1,766
Engineering
..................................................................................
1,908
47,026
19,314
4,277
324
15,316
9,239
1,833
Engineering­
related
technologies
.................................................
22,521
11,550
954
18
12,211
4,083
156
0
English
language
and
literature/
letters
........................................
1,491
34,848
5,900
1,098
57
17,053
1,945
463
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...............................................
349
8,896
2,301
563
267
4,879
835
342
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.....................................
84,962
53,101
18,049
1,468
13,512
26,754
13,194
601
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
....................
7,476
13,223
1,586
248
345
2,122
1,278
140
Law
and
legal
studies
..................................................................
6,208
1,242
550
10
2,932
790
1,961
78
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
.......
159,722
20,906
1,096
32
11,095
12,450
1,469
58
Library
science
.............................................................................
98
45
4,176
49
3
5
881
6
Mathematics
.................................................................................
748
8,939
3,190
867
34
4,784
991
359
Mechanics
and
repairers
..............................................................
9,880
32
0
0
1,617
34
0
0
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
.......................................................
8,575
20,157
1,609
171
117
5,876
848
67
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
.............................
730
10,234
1,375
120
134
2,655
380
29
Philosophy
and
religion
................................................................
45
2,931
496
203
36
4,345
884
304
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...............................
2,397
12,505
4,251
3,052
59
6,672
1,502
1,431
Precision
production
trades
.........................................................
6,413
336
0
0
2,931
17
5
0
Protective
services
.......................................................................
19,007
19,347
1,047
26
702
4,810
659
0
Psychology
...................................................................................
1,437
48,255
5,985
1,766
163
23,828
7,936
2,056
Public
administration
and
services
..............................................
3,499
13,349
14,206
291
383
5,237
9,295
265
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..............................................
349
6
124
0
15
21
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.........................................................
3,251
84,021
9,596
2,303
383
44,133
5,249
1,422
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
........................................
35
2
2
0
572
5,576
5,238
1,591
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..............................
1,174
1,693
75
0
272
2,005
748
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
...........................................................
6,402
28,227
5,664
679
6,142
20,463
4,613
401
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
.....................................................
448
285
358
19
698
1,061
219
0
1
Includes
``
Agricultural
business
and
production,''
``
Agricultural
sciences,''
and
``
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources.''
2
Includes
``
Business
management
and
administrative
services,''
``
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution''
and
``
Consumer
and
personal
services.''
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Completions''
survey,
1994
 
95
and
``
Consolidated''
survey
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1997.)
295
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
257.
 
Number
of
institutions
of
higher
education
conferring
degrees,
by
level
of
degree
and
discipline
division:
1995
 
96
Discipline
division
Total
number
of
institutions
awarding
degrees
Number
of
public
institutions
awarding
degrees
Number
of
private
institutions
awarding
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
...............................................
2,385
1,862
1,369
488
1,268
555
497
221
1,117
1,307
872
267
Agricultural
business
and
production
..
306
129
60
35
294
99
57
34
12
30
3
1
Agricultural
sciences
...........................
97
132
79
52
89
114
76
52
8
18
3
0
Architecture
and
related
programs
.....
36
169
116
26
33
109
88
19
3
60
28
7
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
.......
36
373
111
36
33
163
65
20
3
210
46
16
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
.........
188
1,230
419
222
174
471
302
149
14
759
117
73
Business
management
and
administrative
services
...................
1,713
1,400
748
119
1,115
498
356
80
598
902
392
39
Communications
.................................
246
905
226
47
201
369
158
37
45
536
68
10
Communications
technologies
............
157
32
10
2
142
17
2
0
15
15
8
2
Computer
and
information
sciences
...
759
1,056
334
121
540
436
214
83
219
620
120
38
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources
........................................
121
279
108
46
110
151
91
41
11
128
17
5
Consumer
and
personal
services
.......
238
12
0
0
198
6
0
0
40
6
0
0
Construction
trades
.............................
184
6
0
0
172
3
0
0
12
3
0
0
Education
............................................
383
1,140
854
217
298
424
421
148
85
716
433
69
Engineering
.........................................
277
397
264
173
246
217
173
124
31
180
91
49
Engineering­
related
technologies
.......
989
317
69
3
811
225
56
3
178
92
13
0
English
language
and
literature/
letters
................................
140
1,250
415
137
126
479
292
92
14
771
123
45
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
......
76
826
200
84
71
371
143
52
5
455
57
32
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
...........................................
1,356
944
569
149
994
420
306
109
362
524
263
40
Home
economics
................................
88
326
185
41
73
207
122
32
15
119
63
9
Law
and
legal
studies
.........................
482
128
66
15
313
47
26
4
169
81
40
11
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
.................
1,311
723
158
22
1,014
294
76
10
297
429
82
12
Library
science
....................................
31
13
70
13
29
11
58
12
2
2
12
1
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution
......................................
476
172
18
1
365
65
4
1
111
107
14
0
Mathematics
........................................
138
1,131
339
157
128
472
256
111
10
659
83
46
Mechanics
and
repairers
....................
549
6
0
0
508
4
0
0
41
2
0
0
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
..............
176
633
189
60
160
263
132
43
16
370
57
17
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
................................
131
513
129
27
120
242
110
25
11
271
19
2
Philosophy
and
religion
.......................
27
834
188
92
17
293
86
49
10
541
102
43
Physical
sciences
................................
154
1,063
340
204
144
457
245
138
10
606
95
66
Precision
production
trades
................
668
30
2
0
565
24
0
0
103
6
2
0
Protective
services
..............................
805
449
110
9
729
245
81
8
76
204
29
1
Psychology
..........................................
162
1,240
542
240
134
462
305
131
28
778
237
109
Public
administration
and
services
.....
258
640
345
77
222
299
234
46
36
341
111
31
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
.....
4
3
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
Science
technologies
..........................
114
18
4
3
108
8
2
3
6
10
2
0
Social
sciences
and
history
................
227
1,291
414
172
191
487
297
115
36
804
117
57
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
.........................................
85
323
252
106
0
0
0
0
85
323
252
106
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
...........................................
105
70
7
0
89
35
4
0
16
35
3
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
..................
555
1,203
375
94
412
445
233
60
143
758
142
34
Vocational
home
economics
...............
528
39
7
1
498
14
4
1
30
25
3
0
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
............
15
16
15
4
3
0
0
0
12
16
15
4
NOTE.
 
Data
represent
programs,
not
organizational
units
within
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Completions''
survey,
1995
 
96
and
``
Consolidated''
survey,
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
296
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
258.
 
Number
of
institutions
of
higher
education
conferring
degrees,
by
level
of
degree
and
discipline
division:
1994
 
95
Discipline
division
Total
number
of
institutions
awarding
degrees
Number
of
public
institutions
awarding
degrees
Number
of
private
institutions
awarding
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Associate
degrees
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
................................................
2,184
1,855
1,351
482
1,252
557
488
217
932
1,298
863
265
Agricultural
business
and
production
..
306
129
60
32
292
98
57
31
14
31
3
1
Agricultural
sciences
...........................
94
129
75
52
85
114
72
52
9
15
3
0
Architecture
and
related
programs
.....
44
171
119
26
36
107
92
18
8
64
27
8
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
.......
24
372
105
35
21
165
64
19
3
207
41
16
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
.........
186
1,236
422
216
172
474
307
142
14
762
115
74
Business
management
and
administrative
services
....................
1,577
1,383
729
118
1,097
497
352
80
480
886
377
38
Communications
.................................
227
900
226
46
187
369
156
36
40
531
70
10
Communications
technologies
............
165
34
11
1
148
16
2
0
17
18
9
1
Computer
and
information
sciences
...
727
1,068
339
119
529
437
209
83
198
631
130
36
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources
.........................................
116
257
100
45
108
141
85
42
8
116
15
3
Consumer
and
personal
services
.......
218
12
0
0
187
7
0
0
31
5
0
0
Construction
trades
.............................
179
7
1
0
166
3
0
0
13
4
1
0
Education
............................................
382
1,152
840
213
289
428
419
145
93
724
421
68
Engineering
.........................................
267
393
264
171
237
214
171
122
30
179
93
49
Engineering­
related
technologies
.......
969
315
70
3
801
224
55
3
168
91
15
0
English
language
and
literature/
letters
139
1,248
417
133
128
477
294
88
11
771
123
45
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
......
73
841
194
85
68
367
141
52
5
474
53
33
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
...........................................
1,247
937
547
148
962
423
297
107
285
514
250
41
Home
economics
................................
70
324
184
42
53
210
119
32
17
114
65
10
Law
and
legal
studies
.........................
434
132
62
14
295
45
26
3
139
87
36
11
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,
and
humanities
..................
1,316
714
140
21
1,001
297
68
10
315
417
72
11
Library
science
....................................
30
11
69
16
28
10
58
13
2
1
11
3
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution
.......................................
502
177
23
3
393
66
4
2
109
111
19
1
Mathematics
........................................
139
1,145
343
157
129
472
256
108
10
673
87
49
Mechanics
and
repairers
....................
529
9
0
0
495
4
0
0
34
5
0
0
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
..............
176
612
180
59
156
257
123
40
20
355
57
19
Parks,
recreation,
leisure,
and
fitness
studies
.............................................
131
500
121
24
118
243
102
22
13
257
19
2
Philosophy
and
religion
.......................
29
839
187
90
20
286
86
49
9
553
101
41
Physical
sciences
................................
152
1,064
341
201
146
459
245
132
6
605
96
69
Precision
production
trades
................
631
26
1
0
554
21
0
0
77
5
1
0
Protective
services
..............................
788
439
103
6
720
243
76
6
68
196
27
0
Psychology
..........................................
155
1,241
529
233
134
460
307
128
21
781
222
105
Public
administration
and
services
.....
260
635
349
79
224
293
230
45
36
342
119
34
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
.....
4
4
1
0
3
3
1
0
1
1
0
0
Science
technologies
..........................
103
19
4
3
95
9
3
3
8
10
1
0
Social
sciences
and
history
................
216
1,290
418
174
178
486
297
114
38
804
121
60
Theological
studies/
religious
vocations
82
337
269
111
1
1
1
0
81
336
268
111
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
............................................
107
66
6
0
91
33
2
0
16
33
4
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
..................
540
1,207
377
97
410
443
236
62
130
764
141
35
Vocational
home
economics
...............
505
42
9
2
479
21
6
1
26
21
3
1
Not
classified
by
field
of
study
............
10
14
6
1
2
2
1
1
8
12
5
0
NOTE.
 
Data
represent
programs,
not
organizational
units
within
institutions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Completions''
survey,
1994
 
95
and
``
Consolidated''
survey,
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1997.)
297
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
259.
 
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education
in
dentistry,
medicine,
and
law,
by
sex,
and
number
of
institutions
conferring
degrees:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.)
Medicine
(
M.
D.)
Law
(
LL.
B.
or
J.
D.)

Number
of
institutions
conferring
degrees
Degrees
conferred
Number
of
institutions
conferring
degrees
Degrees
conferred
Number
of
institutions
conferring
degrees
Degrees
conferred
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1949
 
50
.......................
40
2,579
2,561
18
72
5,612
5,028
584
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
1951
 
52
.......................
41
2,918
2,895
23
72
6,201
5,871
330
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
1953
 
54
.......................
42
3,102
3,063
39
73
6,712
6,377
335
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
(
1)
1955
 
56
.......................
42
3,009
2,975
34
73
6,810
6,464
346
131
8,262
7,974
288
1957
 
58
.......................
43
3,065
3,031
34
75
6,816
6,469
347
131
9,394
9,122
272
1959
 
60
.......................
45
3,247
3,221
26
79
7,032
6,645
387
134
9,240
9,010
230
1961
 
62
.......................
46
3,183
3,166
17
81
7,138
6,749
389
134
9,364
9,091
273
1963
 
64
.......................
46
3,180
3,168
12
82
7,303
6,878
425
133
10,679
10,372
307
1965
 
66
.......................
47
3,178
3,146
32
84
7,673
7,170
503
136
13,246
12,776
470
1967
 
68
.......................
48
3,422
3,375
47
85
7,944
7,318
626
138
16,454
15,805
649
1969
 
70
.......................
48
3,718
3,684
34
86
8,314
7,615
699
145
14,916
14,115
801
1970
 
71
.......................
48
3,745
3,703
42
89
8,919
8,110
809
147
17,421
16,181
1,240
1971
 
72
.......................
48
3,862
3,819
43
92
9,253
8,423
830
147
21,764
20,266
1,498
1972
 
73
.......................
51
4,047
3,992
55
97
10,307
9,388
919
152
27,205
25,037
2,168
1973
 
74
.......................
52
4,440
4,355
85
99
11,356
10,093
1,263
151
29,326
25,986
3,340
1974
 
75
.......................
52
4,773
4,627
146
104
12,447
10,818
1,629
154
29,296
24,881
4,415
1975
 
76
.......................
56
5,425
5,187
238
107
13,426
11,252
2,174
166
32,293
26,085
6,208
1976
 
77
.......................
57
5,138
4,764
374
109
13,461
10,891
2,570
169
34,104
26,447
7,657
1977
 
78
.......................
57
5,189
4,623
566
109
14,279
11,210
3,069
169
34,402
25,457
8,945
1978
 
79
.......................
58
5,434
4,794
640
109
14,786
11,381
3,405
175
35,206
25,180
10,026
1979
 
80
.......................
58
5,258
4,558
700
112
14,902
11,416
3,486
179
35,647
24,893
10,754
1980
 
81
.......................
58
5,460
4,672
788
116
15,505
11,672
3,833
176
36,331
24,563
11,768
1981
 
82
.......................
59
5,282
4,467
815
119
15,814
11,867
3,947
180
35,991
23,965
12,026
1982
 
83
.......................
59
5,585
4,631
954
118
15,484
11,350
4,134
177
36,853
23,550
13,303
1983
 
84
.......................
60
5,353
4,302
1,051
119
15,813
11,359
4,454
179
37,012
23,382
13,630
1984
 
85
.......................
59
5,339
4,233
1,106
120
16,041
11,167
4,874
181
37,491
23,070
14,421
1985
 
86
.......................
59
5,046
3,907
1,139
120
15,938
11,022
4,916
181
35,844
21,874
13,970
1986
 
87
.......................
58
4,741
3,603
1,138
121
15,428
10,431
4,997
179
36,056
21,561
14,495
1987
 
88
.......................
57
4,477
3,300
1,177
122
15,358
10,278
5,080
180
35,397
21,067
14,330
1988
 
89
.......................
58
4,265
3,124
1,141
124
15,460
10,310
5,150
182
35,634
21,069
14,565
1989
 
90
.......................
57
4,100
2,834
1,266
124
15,075
9,923
5,152
182
36,485
21,079
15,406
1990
 
91
.......................
55
3,699
2,510
1,189
121
15,043
9,629
5,414
179
37,945
21,643
16,302
1991
 
92
.......................
52
3,593
2,431
1,162
120
15,243
9,796
5,447
177
38,848
22,260
16,588
1992
 
93
.......................
55
3,605
2,383
1,222
122
15,531
9,679
5,852
184
40,302
23,182
17,120
1993
 
94
.......................
53
3,787
2,330
1,457
121
15,368
9,544
5,824
185
40,044
22,826
17,218
1994
 
95
.......................
53
3,897
2,480
1,417
119
15,537
9,507
6,030
183
39,349
22,592
16,757
1995
 
96
.......................
53
3,697
2,374
1,323
119
15,341
9,061
6,280
183
39,828
22,508
17,320
1
Data
prior
to
1955
 
56
are
not
shown
because
they
lack
comparability
with
the
figures
for
subsequent
years.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
298
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
260.
 
First­
professional
degrees
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
sex
of
student,
control
of
institution,
and
field
of
study:

1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96
Control
of
institution
and
field
of
study
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Total,
all
institutions
.........................
75,063
73,910
71,617
70,735
70,856
70,988
71,948
74,146
75,387
75,418
44,707
30,711
75,800
44,853
30,947
76,734
44,748
31,986
Dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.)
...................
5,339
5,046
4,741
4,477
4,265
4,100
3,699
3,593
3,605
3,787
2,330
1,457
3,897
2,480
1,417
3,697
2,374
1,323
Medicine
(
M.
D.)
......................................
16,041
15,938
15,428
15,358
15,460
15,075
15,043
15,243
15,531
15,368
9,544
5,824
15,537
9,507
6,030
15,341
9,061
6,280
Optometry
(
O.
D.)
....................................
1,115
1,029
1,082
1,023
1,093
1,072
1,115
1,232
1,148
1,103
554
549
1,185
538
647
1,231
568
663
Osteopathic
medicine
(
D.
O.)
..................
1,489
1,547
1,618
1,544
1,635
1,555
1,459
1,326
1,627
1,798
1,165
633
1,854
1,249
605
1,895
1,232
663
Pharmacy
(
Pharm.
D.)
.............................
861
903
861
962
1,074
1,199
1,244
1,339
1,904
1,936
643
1,293
2,264
785
1,479
2,555
873
1,682
Podiatry
(
Pod.
D.
or
D.
P.)
or
podiatric
medicine
(
D.
P.
M.)
...............
582
612
590
645
636
675
589
504
476
465
330
135
545
370
175
650
453
197
Veterinary
medicine
(
D.
V.
M.)
.................
2,178
2,270
2,230
2,235
2,157
2,151
2,032
2,044
2,057
2,089
798
1,291
2,148
762
1,386
2,109
715
1,394
Chiropractic
(
D.
C.
or
D.
C.
M.)
.................
2,661
3,395
2,493
2,628
2,890
2,581
2,640
2,694
2,799
2,806
2,010
796
2,968
2,094
874
3,379
2,470
909
Law
(
LL.
B.
or
J.
D.)
.................................
37,491
35,844
36,056
35,397
35,634
36,485
37,945
38,848
40,302
40,044
22,826
17,218
39,349
22,592
16,757
39,828
22,508
17,320
Theology
(
M.
Div.,
M.
H.
L.,
B.
D.,

or
Ord.
and
M.
H.
L./
Rav.)
...................
7,221
7,283
6,518
6,466
6,012
5,851
5,695
5,251
5,447
5,967
4,486
1,481
5,978
4,443
1,535
5,879
4,400
1,479
Other
.......................................................
85
43
0
0
0
244
487
2,072
491
55
21
34
75
33
42
170
94
76
Total,
public
institutions
..................
30,152
29,568
29,346
29,153
28,993
28,810
29,554
29,366
29,628
29,842
17,040
12,802
29,871
16,898
12,973
29,882
16,586
13,296
Dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.)
...................
3,051
2,827
2,655
2,524
2,512
2,353
2,308
2,200
2,167
2,189
1,377
812
2,236
1,477
759
2,198
1,455
743
Medicine
(
M.
D.)
......................................
10,071
9,991
9,711
9,557
9,491
9,108
9,364
9,259
9,370
9,506
5,977
3,529
9,599
5,905
3,694
9,370
5,570
3,800
Optometry
(
O.
D.)
....................................
456
441
454
429
451
444
477
595
460
471
219
252
461
203
258
499
234
265
Osteopathic
medicine
(
D.
O.)
..................
455
486
480
434
500
458
493
416
490
531
349
182
492
322
170
528
337
191
Pharmacy
(
Pharm.
D.)
.............................
416
473
475
615
679
727
808
852
1,171
1,185
390
795
1,344
489
855
1,557
553
1,004
Podiatry
(
Pod.
D.
or
D.
P.)
or
podiatric
medicine
(
D.
P.
M.)
...............
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Veterinary
medicine
(
D.
V.
M.)
.................
1,963
1,931
2,003
2,014
1,943
1,943
1,814
1,831
1,840
1,895
744
1,151
1,927
689
1,238
1,889
650
1,239
Chiropractic
(
D.
C.
or
D.
C.
M.)
.................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Law
(
LL.
B.
or
J.
D.)
.................................
13,695
13,419
13,568
13,580
13,417
13,585
14,290
14,097
14,130
14,065
7,984
6,081
13,812
7,813
5,999
13,841
7,787
6,054
Theology
(
M.
Div.,
M.
H.
L.,
B.
D.,

or
Ord.
and
M.
H.
L./
Rav.)
...................
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
.......................................................
43
0
0
0
0
192
0
116
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total,
private
institutions
.................
44,911
44,342
42,271
41,582
41,863
42,178
42,394
44,780
45,759
45,576
27,667
17,909
45,929
27,955
17,974
46,852
28,162
18,690
Dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.)
...................
2,288
2,219
2,086
1,953
1,753
1,747
1,391
1,393
1,438
1,598
953
645
1,661
1,003
658
1,499
919
580
Medicine
(
M.
D.)
......................................
5,970
5,947
5,717
5,801
5,969
5,967
5,679
5,984
6,161
5,862
3,567
2,295
5,938
3,602
2,336
5,971
3,491
2,480
Optometry
(
O.
D.)
....................................
659
588
628
594
642
628
638
637
688
632
335
297
724
335
389
732
334
398
Osteopathic
medicine
(
D.
O.)
..................
1,034
1,061
1,138
1,110
1,135
1,097
966
910
1,137
1,267
816
451
1,362
927
435
1,367
895
472
Pharmacy
(
Pharm.
D.)
.............................
445
430
386
347
395
472
436
487
733
751
253
498
920
296
624
998
320
678
Podiatry
(
Pod.
D.
or
D.
P.)
or
podiatric
medicine
(
D.
P.
M.)
...............
582
612
590
645
636
675
589
504
476
465
330
135
545
370
175
650
453
197
Veterinary
medicine
(
D.
V.
M.)
.................
215
339
227
221
214
208
218
213
217
194
54
140
221
73
148
220
65
155
Chiropractic
(
D.
C.
or
D.
C.
M.)
.................
2,661
3,395
2,493
2,628
2,890
2,581
2,640
2,694
2,799
2,806
2,010
796
2,968
2,094
874
3,379
2,470
909
Law
(
LL.
B.
or
J.
D.)
.................................
23,796
22,425
22,488
21,817
22,217
22,900
23,655
24,751
26,172
25,979
14,842
11,137
25,537
14,779
10,758
25,987
14,721
11,266
Theology
(
M.
Div.,
M.
H.
L.,
B.
D.,

or
Ord.
and
M.
H.
L./
Rav.)
...................
7,219
7,283
6,518
6,466
6,012
5,851
5,695
5,251
5,447
5,967
4,486
1,481
5,978
4,443
1,535
5,879
4,400
1,479
Other
.......................................................
42
43
0
0
0
52
487
1,956
491
55
21
34
75
33
42
170
94
76
1
Includes
degrees
which
require
at
least
6
years
of
college
work
for
completion
(
including
at
least
2
years
of
preprofessional
training).
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
299
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
261.
 
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Number
of
degrees
conferred
Percentage
distribution
of
degrees
conferred
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Total
1976
 
77
1
........
404,956
342,290
33,159
16,636
7,044
2,498
3,329
100.0
84.5
8.2
4.1
1.7
0.6
0.8
1978
 
79
2
........
396,745
331,092
34,979
16,269
7,518
2,336
4,551
100.0
83.5
8.8
4.1
1.9
0.6
1.1
1980
 
81
3
........
410,174
339,167
35,330
17,800
8,650
2,584
6,643
100.0
82.7
8.6
4.3
2.1
0.6
1.6
1984
 
85
4
........
429,815
355,343
35,791
19,407
9,914
2,953
6,407
100.0
82.7
8.3
4.5
2.3
0.7
1.5
1986
 
87
..........
436,304
361,861
35,447
19,334
11,779
3,195
4,688
100.0
82.9
8.1
4.4
2.7
0.7
1.1
1988
 
89
5,6
......
432,144
354,865
34,664
20,384
12,519
3,331
6,381
100.0
82.1
8.0
4.7
2.9
0.8
1.5
1989
 
90
5,7
......
450,263
369,580
35,327
22,195
13,482
3,530
6,149
100.0
82.1
7.8
4.9
3.0
0.8
1.4
1990
 
91
5,8
......
462,030
376,081
37,657
24,251
13,725
3,672
6,644
100.0
81.4
8.2
5.2
3.0
0.8
1.4
1991
 
92
5,9
......
494,387
400,530
39,411
26,905
15,596
4,008
7,937
100.0
81.0
8.0
5.4
3.2
0.8
1.6
1992
 
93
5,10
....
508,154
405,883
42,340
29,991
16,632
4,379
8,929
100.0
79.9
8.3
5.9
3.3
0.9
1.8
1993
 
94
5,11
....
529,106
418,301
45,461
32,074
18,433
4,871
9,966
100.0
79.1
8.6
6.1
3.5
0.9
1.9
1994
 
95
5,12
....
538,545
419,323
47,142
36,013
20,717
5,492
9,858
100.0
77.9
8.8
6.7
3.8
1.0
1.8
1995
 
96
5,13
....
553,625
425,028
51,672
38,163
23,091
5,556
10,115
100.0
76.8
9.3
6.9
4.2
1.0
1.8
Men
Men
1976
 
77
1
........
209,672
178,236
15,330
9,105
3,630
1,216
2,155
100.0
85.0
7.3
4.3
1.7
0.6
1.0
1978
 
79
2
........
187,284
156,671
14,425
8,135
4,058
1,069
2,926
100.0
83.7
7.7
4.3
2.2
0.6
1.6
1980
 
81
3
........
183,819
151,242
14,290
8,327
4,557
1,108
4,295
100.0
82.3
7.8
4.5
2.5
0.6
2.3
1984
 
85
4
........
190,409
157,278
14,184
8,561
5,492
1,198
3,696
100.0
82.6
7.4
4.5
2.9
0.6
1.9
1986
 
87
..........
190,839
158,132
13,959
8,760
6,169
1,263
2,556
100.0
82.9
7.3
4.6
3.2
0.7
1.3
1988
 
89
5,6
......
183,963
150,978
12,884
9,217
6,366
1,323
3,195
100.0
82.1
7.0
5.0
3.5
0.7
1.7
1989
 
90
5,7
......
188,631
154,748
13,147
9,859
6,477
1,433
2,967
100.0
82.0
7.0
5.2
3.4
0.8
1.6
1990
 
91
5,8
......
190,221
155,330
13,718
10,210
6,440
1,373
3,150
100.0
81.7
7.2
5.4
3.4
0.7
1.7
1991
 
92
5,9
......
202,808
164,799
14,294
11,536
7,254
1,531
3,394
100.0
81.3
7.0
5.7
3.6
0.8
1.7
1992
 
93
5,10
....
209,051
167,312
15,497
12,924
7,877
1,663
3,778
100.0
80.0
7.4
6.2
3.8
0.8
1.8
1993
 
94
5,11
....
214,462
170,137
16,917
13,204
8,288
1,836
4,080
100.0
79.3
7.9
6.2
3.9
0.9
1.9
1994
 
95
5,12
....
217,730
169,475
16,786
15,717
9,283
2,106
4,363
100.0
77.8
7.7
7.2
4.3
1.0
2.0
1995
 
96
5,13
....
218,977
168,858
17,854
15,700
10,204
1,989
4,372
100.0
77.1
8.2
7.2
4.7
0.9
2.0
Women
Women
1976
 
77
1
........
195,284
164,054
17,829
7,531
3,414
1,282
1,174
100.0
84.0
9.1
3.9
1.7
0.7
0.6
1978
 
79
2
........
209,461
174,421
20,554
8,134
3,460
1,267
1,625
100.0
83.3
9.8
3.9
1.7
0.6
0.8
1980
 
81
3
........
226,355
187,925
21,040
9,473
4,093
1,476
2,348
100.0
83.0
9.3
4.2
1.8
0.7
1.0
1984
 
85
4
........
239,406
198,065
21,607
10,846
4,422
1,755
2,711
100.0
82.7
9.0
4.5
1.8
0.7
1.1
1986
 
87
..........
245,465
203,729
21,488
10,574
5,610
1,932
2,132
100.0
83.0
8.8
4.3
2.3
0.8
0.9
1988
 
89
5,6
......
248,181
203,887
21,780
11,167
6,153
2,008
3,186
100.0
82.2
8.8
4.5
2.5
0.8
1.3
1989
 
90
5,7
......
261,632
214,832
22,180
12,336
7,005
2,097
3,182
100.0
82.1
8.5
4.7
2.7
0.8
1.2
1990
 
91
5,8
......
271,809
220,751
23,939
14,041
7,285
2,299
3,494
100.0
81.2
8.8
5.2
2.7
0.8
1.3
1991
 
92
5,9
......
291,579
235,731
25,117
15,369
8,342
2,477
4,543
100.0
80.8
8.6
5.3
2.9
0.8
1.6
1992
 
93
5,10
....
299,103
238,571
26,843
17,067
8,755
2,716
5,151
100.0
79.8
9.0
5.7
2.9
0.9
1.7
1993
 
94
5,11
....
314,644
248,164
28,544
18,870
10,145
3,035
5,886
100.0
78.9
9.1
6.0
3.2
1.0
1.9
1994
 
95
5,12
....
320,815
249,848
30,356
20,296
11,434
3,386
5,495
100.0
77.9
9.5
6.3
3.6
1.1
1.7
1995
 
96
5,13
....
334,648
256,170
33,818
22,463
12,887
3,567
5,743
100.0
76.5
10.1
6.7
3.9
1.1
1.7
1
Excludes
1,170
men
and
251
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
2
Excludes
4,807
men
and
1,150
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
3
Excludes
4,819
men
and
1,384
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
4
Racial/
ethnic
data
were
imputed
for
approximately
45,400
men
and
55,400
women.
This
tabulation
excludes
11,490
men
and
10,862
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
could
not
be
imputed.
In
addition,
data
for
1,033
men
and
1,512
women
were
not
available
by
field
of
study
and
were
not
imputed
by
race.
5
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
6
Excludes
2,353
men
and
2,267
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
7
Excludes
2,564
men
and
2,275
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
8
Excludes
8,413
men
and
11,277
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
9
Excludes
4,673
men
and
5,171
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
10
Excludes
2,913
men
and
3,689
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
11
Excludes
799
men
and
727
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
12
Excludes
622
men
and
524
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
13
Excludes
537
men
and
1,054
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
For
years
1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96,
reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
300
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
262.
 
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...............................................
553,625
425,028
51,672
38,163
23,091
5,556
10,115
218,977
168,858
17,854
15,700
10,204
1,989
4,372
334,648
256,170
33,818
22,463
12,887
3,567
5,743
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
........................
6,182
5,851
56
113
22
68
72
4,218
4,028
35
60
11
42
42
1,964
1,823
21
53
11
26
30
Architecture
and
related
programs
......................
256
219
3
20
5
3
6
40
32
1
4
1
1
1
216
187
2
16
4
2
5
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
........................
111
25
20
13
3
38
12
28
2
4
6
0
13
3
83
23
16
7
3
25
9
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
..........................
2,037
1,402
118
196
217
44
60
817
557
49
76
89
15
31
1,220
845
69
120
128
29
29
Business
...............................................................
107,168
78,779
12,620
7,611
4,585
938
2,635
32,323
24,059
3,405
2,142
1,500
206
1,011
74,845
54,720
9,215
5,469
3,085
732
1,624
Communications
...................................................
2,187
1,678
201
148
101
11
48
1,077
836
104
82
41
4
10
1,110
842
97
66
60
7
38
Communications
technologies
.............................
1,757
1,366
190
100
40
14
47
1,169
943
114
60
26
8
18
588
423
76
40
14
6
29
Computer
and
information
sciences
....................
9,658
6,727
1,242
717
563
165
244
4,954
3,605
483
351
313
67
135
4,704
3,122
759
366
250
98
109
Construction
trades
..............................................
2,141
1,832
85
68
116
27
13
2,035
1,748
80
62
108
24
13
106
84
5
6
8
3
0
Education
.............................................................
9,750
7,321
1,006
879
238
208
98
3,109
2,426
307
208
94
45
29
6,641
4,895
699
671
144
163
69
Engineering
..........................................................
2,197
1,692
155
119
149
12
70
1,914
1,481
126
100
135
10
62
283
211
29
19
14
2
8
Engineering­
related
technologies
.........................
33,002
25,646
2,929
2,481
1,406
245
295
28,871
22,566
2,392
2,212
1,254
204
243
4,131
3,080
537
269
152
41
52
English
language
and
literature/
letters
................
1,310
745
97
154
80
24
210
471
240
32
58
36
10
95
839
505
65
96
44
14
115
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
.......................
607
417
11
101
26
1
51
163
114
2
28
9
0
10
444
303
9
73
17
1
41
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.............
101,872
84,750
8,302
4,143
3,169
823
685
17,295
13,684
1,363
1,050
893
142
163
84,577
71,066
6,939
3,093
2,276
681
522
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.......................................................
8,192
5,791
1,089
716
328
87
181
757
475
93
61
96
9
23
7,435
5,316
996
655
232
78
158
Law
and
legal
studies
..........................................
9,106
7,217
1,041
620
133
65
30
1,119
779
170
113
33
16
8
7,987
6,438
871
507
100
49
22
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.................................................
174,970
131,859
15,401
13,754
8,307
1,815
3,834
67,994
51,496
5,351
5,313
3,410
657
1,767
106,976
80,363
10,050
8,441
4,897
1,158
2,067
Library
science
.....................................................
94
75
4
4
11
0
0
13
9
1
1
2
0
0
81
66
3
3
9
0
0
Mathematics
.........................................................
758
449
37
110
105
9
48
463
268
27
68
62
7
31
295
181
10
42
43
2
17
Mechanics
and
repairers
......................................
12,524
9,974
870
737
661
137
145
11,723
9,396
781
683
615
122
126
801
578
89
54
46
15
19
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...............................
8,611
6,637
901
511
400
72
90
4,212
3,215
461
265
191
33
47
4,399
3,422
440
246
209
39
43
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
......
936
734
101
54
20
7
20
545
418
63
33
15
4
12
391
316
38
21
5
3
8
Philosophy
and
religion
........................................
83
67
4
6
3
2
1
45
34
1
5
3
1
1
38
33
3
1
0
1
0
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
.......
2,612
1,895
217
146
228
31
95
1,458
1,077
120
85
112
14
50
1,154
818
97
61
116
17
45
Precision
production
trades
.................................
10,217
8,315
455
771
509
89
78
8,119
6,615
356
639
374
75
60
2,098
1,700
99
132
135
14
18
Protective
services
...............................................
19,196
15,363
1,801
1,385
382
199
66
13,427
11,163
895
897
301
123
48
5,769
4,200
906
488
81
76
18
Psychology
...........................................................
1,583
1,117
150
182
59
43
32
406
272
43
52
21
6
12
1,177
845
107
130
38
37
20
Public
administration
and
services
......................
4,218
2,595
938
454
99
89
43
765
441
164
92
28
21
19
3,453
2,154
774
362
71
68
24
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
......................
556
457
75
1
22
1
0
514
426
66
0
21
1
0
42
31
9
1
1
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.................................
4,021
2,505
449
520
268
130
149
1,488
933
162
183
105
31
74
2,533
1,572
287
337
163
99
75
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
........
608
467
79
31
10
3
18
314
237
40
23
6
1
7
294
230
39
8
4
2
11
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
......
1,571
1,269
132
58
60
5
47
1,325
1,083
104
55
46
5
32
246
186
28
3
14
0
15
Visual
and
performing
arts
...................................
13,534
9,792
893
1,240
766
151
692
5,806
4,200
459
633
253
72
189
7,728
5,592
434
607
513
79
503
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
537
men
and
1,054
women
whose
racial/

ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
301
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
263.
 
Associate
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...............................................
538,545
419,323
47,142
36,013
20,717
5,492
9,858
217,730
169,475
16,786
15,717
9,283
2,106
4,363
320,815
249,848
30,356
20,296
11,434
3,386
5,495
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
........................
5,730
5,380
57
118
37
82
56
4,001
3,772
39
78
25
50
37
1,729
1,608
18
40
12
32
19
Architecture
and
related
programs
......................
277
243
4
17
4
1
8
70
58
1
7
2
1
1
207
185
3
10
2
0
7
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
........................
68
19
9
8
2
16
14
17
3
2
3
0
6
3
51
16
7
5
2
10
11
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
..........................
1,879
1,225
150
191
195
41
77
752
503
53
70
82
11
33
1,127
722
97
121
113
30
44
Business
...............................................................
101,926
76,068
11,366
6,972
4,089
987
2,444
31,902
24,098
3,120
2,146
1,328
260
950
70,024
51,970
8,246
4,826
2,761
727
1,494
Communications
...................................................
3,160
2,687
216
135
53
24
45
1,624
1,429
90
60
22
10
13
1,536
1,258
126
75
31
14
32
Communications
technologies
.............................
1,984
1,512
194
155
56
13
54
1,298
1,010
110
103
34
10
31
686
502
84
52
22
3
23
Computer
and
information
sciences
....................
9,152
6,470
1,037
757
517
113
258
4,743
3,500
418
371
266
46
142
4,409
2,970
619
386
251
67
116
Construction
trades
..............................................
1,728
1,456
81
68
81
29
13
1,598
1,336
78
66
79
27
12
130
120
3
2
2
2
1
Education
.............................................................
9,658
7,350
915
855
221
223
94
3,058
2,252
311
268
104
76
47
6,600
5,098
604
587
117
147
47
Engineering
..........................................................
2,232
1,703
153
121
157
22
76
1,931
1,489
124
97
132
19
70
301
214
29
24
25
3
6
Engineering­
related
technologies
.........................
34,732
27,453
2,866
2,405
1,391
257
360
30,820
24,466
2,383
2,176
1,266
226
303
3,912
2,987
483
229
125
31
57
English
language
and
literature/
letters
................
1,548
756
103
194
149
25
321
505
227
38
68
47
3
122
1,043
529
65
126
102
22
199
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
.......................
616
466
10
78
28
1
33
177
130
6
23
10
1
7
439
336
4
55
18
0
26
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.............
98,474
83,473
7,211
3,654
2,701
812
623
16,530
13,598
1,081
846
688
164
153
81,944
69,875
6,130
2,808
2,013
648
470
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.........................................................
7,821
5,580
1,005
667
300
89
180
815
496
116
69
86
10
38
7,006
5,084
889
598
214
79
142
Law
and
legal
studies
..........................................
9,140
7,278
986
637
145
73
21
1,163
857
157
94
33
17
5
7,977
6,421
829
543
112
56
16
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.................................................
170,817
130,736
14,545
12,574
7,434
1,765
3,763
67,834
51,870
5,413
5,033
3,159
624
1,735
102,983
78,866
9,132
7,541
4,275
1,141
2,028
Library
science
.....................................................
101
91
4
0
6
0
0
9
8
0
0
1
0
0
92
83
4
0
5
0
0
Mathematics
.........................................................
782
488
46
101
95
13
39
438
253
26
57
62
8
32
344
235
20
44
33
5
7
Mechanics
and
repairers
......................................
11,497
9,089
745
755
593
143
172
10,754
8,553
663
691
550
132
165
743
536
82
64
43
11
7
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...............................
8,692
6,863
884
434
372
45
94
4,228
3,334
422
236
166
24
46
4,464
3,529
462
198
206
21
48
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
......
864
680
81
50
19
6
28
501
381
51
34
13
2
20
363
299
30
16
6
4
8
Philosophy
and
religion
........................................
81
66
3
9
2
0
1
52
43
2
4
2
0
1
29
23
1
5
0
0
0
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
.......
2,456
1,840
173
132
187
33
91
1,424
1,099
86
79
94
20
46
1,032
741
87
53
93
13
45
Precision
production
trades
.................................
9,344
7,605
373
734
449
92
91
7,453
6,108
280
601
337
67
60
1,891
1,497
93
133
112
25
31
Protective
services
...............................................
19,709
15,395
1,601
2,078
347
219
69
14,202
11,399
801
1,525
288
145
44
5,507
3,996
800
553
59
74
25
Psychology
...........................................................
1,600
1,163
128
196
59
35
19
446
308
48
53
19
13
5
1,154
855
80
143
40
22
14
Public
administration
and
services
......................
3,882
2,484
859
360
83
82
14
783
489
164
74
28
25
3
3,099
1,995
695
286
55
57
11
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
......................
364
279
36
28
13
3
5
331
253
32
25
13
3
5
33
26
4
3
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.................................
3,634
2,418
425
361
213
94
123
1,461
977
183
143
75
31
52
2,173
1,441
242
218
138
63
71
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
........
607
521
34
21
11
5
15
309
263
19
12
8
1
6
298
258
15
9
3
4
9
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
......
1,446
1,154
88
103
45
18
38
1,226
982
77
88
38
15
26
220
172
11
15
7
3
12
Visual
and
performing
arts
...................................
12,544
9,332
754
1,045
663
131
619
5,275
3,931
392
517
226
59
150
7,269
5,401
362
528
437
72
469
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
622
men
and
524
women
whose
racial/

ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
302
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
264.
 
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Number
of
degrees
conferred
Percentage
distribution
of
degrees
conferred
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian
Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Total
1976
 
77
1
........
917,900
807,688
58,636
18,743
13,793
3,326
15,714
100.0
88.0
6.4
2.0
1.5
0.4
1.7
1978
 
79
2
........
919,540
802,542
60,246
20,096
15,407
3,410
17,839
100.0
87.3
6.6
2.2
1.7
0.4
1.9
1980
 
81
3
........
934,800
807,319
60,673
21,832
18,794
3,593
22,589
100.0
86.4
6.5
2.3
2.0
0.4
2.4
1984
 
85
4
........
968,311
826,106
57,473
25,874
25,395
4,246
29,217
100.0
85.3
5.9
2.7
2.6
0.4
3.0
1986
 
87
5
........
991,264
841,818
56,560
26,988
32,624
3,968
29,306
100.0
84.9
5.7
2.7
3.3
0.4
3.0
1988
 
89
5,6
......
1,016,350
859,703
58,078
29,918
37,674
3,951
27,026
100.0
84.6
5.7
2.9
3.7
0.4
2.7
1989
 
90
5,7
......
1,048,631
884,376
61,063
32,844
39,248
4,392
26,708
100.0
84.3
5.8
3.1
3.7
0.4
2.5
1990
 
91
5,8
......
1,081,280
904,062
65,341
36,612
41,618
4,513
29,134
100.0
83.6
6.0
3.4
3.8
0.4
2.7
1991
 
92
5,9
......
1,129,833
936,771
72,326
40,761
46,720
5,176
28,079
100.0
82.9
6.4
3.6
4.1
0.5
2.5
1992
 
93
5,10
....
1,159,931
947,309
77,872
45,376
51,463
5,671
32,240
100.0
81.7
6.7
3.9
4.4
0.5
2.8
1993
 
94
5,11
....
1,165,973
936,227
83,576
50,241
55,660
6,189
34,080
100.0
80.3
7.2
4.3
4.8
0.5
2.9
1994
 
95
5,12
....
1,158,788
913,377
87,203
54,201
60,478
6,606
36,923
100.0
78.8
7.5
4.7
5.2
0.6
3.2
1995
 
96
5,13
....
1,163,036
904,709
91,166
58,288
64,359
6,970
37,544
100.0
77.8
7.8
5.0
5.5
0.6
3.2
Men
Men
1976
 
77
1
........
494,424
438,161
25,147
10,318
7,638
1,804
11,356
100.0
88.6
5.1
2.1
1.5
0.4
2.3
1978
 
79
2
........
476,065
418,215
24,659
10,418
8,261
1,736
12,776
100.0
87.8
5.2
2.2
1.7
0.4
2.7
1980
 
81
3
........
469,625
406,173
24,511
10,810
10,107
1,700
16,324
100.0
86.5
5.2
2.3
2.2
0.4
3.5
1984
 
85
4
........
476,148
405,085
23,018
12,402
13,554
1,998
20,091
100.0
85.1
4.8
2.6
2.8
0.4
4.2
1986
 
87
5
........
480,782
406,749
22,501
12,865
17,253
1,817
19,597
100.0
84.6
4.7
2.7
3.6
0.4
4.1
1988
 
89
5,6
......
481,946
407,154
22,370
13,950
19,260
1,730
17,482
100.0
84.5
4.6
2.9
4.0
0.4
3.6
1989
 
90
5,7
......
490,317
413,573
23,262
14,941
19,721
1,859
16,961
100.0
84.3
4.7
3.0
4.0
0.4
3.5
1990
 
91
5,8
......
496,424
415,505
24,328
16,158
20,678
1,901
17,854
100.0
83.7
4.9
3.3
4.2
0.4
3.6
1991
 
92
5,9
......
516,976
429,842
26,956
17,976
23,248
2,182
16,772
100.0
83.1
5.2
3.5
4.5
0.4
3.2
1992
 
93
5,10
....
530,541
435,084
28,883
19,865
25,293
2,449
18,967
100.0
82.0
5.4
3.7
4.8
0.5
3.6
1993
 
94
5,11
....
530,804
429,121
30,648
21,807
26,938
2,616
19,674
100.0
80.8
5.8
4.1
5.1
0.5
3.7
1994
 
95
5,12
....
525,174
417,006
31,775
23,600
28,973
2,736
21,084
100.0
79.4
6.1
4.5
5.5
0.5
4.0
1995
 
96
5,13
....
521,439
408,829
32,852
24,994
30,630
2,885
21,249
100.0
78.4
6.3
4.8
5.9
0.6
4.1
Women
Women
1976
 
77
1
........
423,476
369,527
33,489
8,425
6,155
1,522
4,358
100.0
87.3
7.9
2.0
1.5
0.4
1.0
1978
 
79
2
........
443,475
384,327
35,587
9,678
7,146
1,674
5,063
100.0
86.7
8.0
2.2
1.6
0.4
1.1
1980
 
81
3
........
465,175
401,146
36,162
11,022
8,687
1,893
6,265
100.0
86.2
7.8
2.4
1.9
0.4
1.3
1984
 
85
4
........
492,163
421,021
34,455
13,472
11,841
2,248
9,126
100.0
85.5
7.0
2.7
2.4
0.5
1.9
1986
 
87
5
........
510,482
435,069
34,059
14,123
15,371
2,151
9,709
100.0
85.2
6.7
2.8
3.0
0.4
1.9
1988
 
89
5,6
......
534,404
452,549
35,708
15,968
18,414
2,221
9,544
100.0
84.7
6.7
3.0
3.4
0.4
1.8
1989
 
90
5,7
......
558,314
470,803
37,801
17,903
19,527
2,533
9,747
100.0
84.3
6.8
3.2
3.5
0.5
1.7
1990
 
91
5,8
......
584,856
488,557
41,013
20,454
20,940
2,612
11,280
100.0
83.5
7.0
3.5
3.6
0.4
1.9
1991
 
92
5,9
......
612,857
506,929
45,370
22,785
23,472
2,994
11,307
100.0
82.7
7.4
3.7
3.8
0.5
1.8
1992
 
93
5,10
....
629,390
512,225
48,989
25,511
26,170
3,222
13,273
100.0
81.4
7.8
4.1
4.2
0.5
2.1
1993
 
94
5,11
....
635,169
507,106
52,928
28,434
28,722
3,573
14,406
100.0
79.8
8.3
4.5
4.5
0.6
2.3
1994
 
95
5,12
....
633,614
496,371
55,428
30,601
31,505
3,870
15,839
100.0
78.3
8.7
4.8
5.0
0.6
2.5
1995
 
96
5,13
....
641,597
495,880
58,314
33,294
33,729
4,085
16,295
100.0
77.3
9.1
5.2
5.3
0.6
2.5
1
Excludes
1,121
men
and
528
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
2
Excludes
1,279
men
and
571
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
3
Excludes
258
men
and
82
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
4
Excludes
6,380
men
and
4,786
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
5
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
6
Excludes
1,400
men
and
1,005
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
7
Excludes
1,379
men
and
1,334
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
8
Excludes
7,621
men
and
5,637
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
9
Excludes
3,835
men
and
2,885
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
10
Excludes
2,340
men
and
2,907
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
11
Excludes
1,618
men
and
1,684
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

12
Excludes
957
men
and
389
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

13
Excludes
1,015
men
and
741
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
For
years
1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96,
reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
303
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
265.
 
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...........................................
1,163,036
904,709
91,166
58,288
64,359
6,970
37,544
521,439
408,829
32,852
24,994
30,630
2,885
21,249
641,597
495,880
58,314
33,294
33,729
4,085
16,295
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
....................
21,431
19,286
606
573
448
171
347
13,535
12,341
323
337
215
100
219
7,896
6,945
283
236
233
71
128
Architecture
and
related
programs
..................
8,352
6,293
317
576
706
33
427
5,340
4,088
207
369
392
23
261
3,012
2,205
110
207
314
10
166
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
....................
5,786
3,583
690
573
668
68
204
1,984
1,226
228
186
222
21
101
3,802
2,357
462
387
446
47
103
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
......................
60,994
44,676
3,874
2,616
8,143
324
1,361
28,849
21,586
1,261
1,269
3,976
147
610
32,145
23,090
2,613
1,347
4,167
177
751
Business
...........................................................
227,102
168,220
20,190
11,286
13,523
1,089
12,794
116,842
89,656
7,728
5,488
6,131
518
7,321
110,260
78,564
12,462
5,798
7,392
571
5,473
Communications
...............................................
47,320
38,144
4,220
2,049
1,430
198
1,279
19,391
16,016
1,520
797
495
80
483
27,929
22,128
2,700
1,252
935
118
796
Communications
technologies
.........................
683
564
74
9
12
8
16
369
321
31
4
5
2
6
314
243
43
5
7
6
10
Computer
and
information
sciences
................
24,098
15,827
2,471
1,042
2,502
91
2,165
17,468
12,198
1,248
678
1,734
51
1,559
6,630
3,629
1,223
364
768
40
606
Construction
trades
..........................................
80
73
2
0
0
0
5
76
69
2
0
0
0
5
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
Education
.........................................................
105,509
91,259
7,149
3,792
1,517
886
906
26,233
22,539
1,863
889
415
234
293
79,276
68,720
5,286
2,903
1,102
652
613
Engineering
......................................................
62,114
44,185
3,073
2,883
6,968
249
4,756
51,069
36,922
2,016
2,292
5,503
200
4,136
11,045
7,263
1,057
591
1,465
49
620
Engineering­
related
technologies
.....................
15,189
11,719
1,326
748
727
105
564
13,763
10,785
1,033
678
661
86
520
1,426
934
293
70
66
19
44
English
language
and
literature/
letters
............
50,698
42,166
3,499
2,235
1,979
273
546
17,253
14,673
900
750
623
110
197
33,445
27,493
2,599
1,485
1,356
163
349
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...................
13,952
10,137
488
2,122
695
61
449
4,219
3,182
112
602
184
14
125
9,733
6,955
376
1,520
511
47
324
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.........
84,036
69,156
6,317
2,912
4,013
520
1,118
15,432
12,515
938
650
982
95
252
68,604
56,641
5,379
2,262
3,031
425
866
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
...................................................
15,803
13,351
1,101
448
552
98
253
1,885
1,531
159
66
74
17
38
13,918
11,820
942
382
478
81
215
Law
and
legal
studies
......................................
2,052
1,634
214
104
75
14
11
556
431
51
34
30
6
4
1,496
1,203
163
70
45
8
7
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.............................................
33,997
26,053
3,474
2,470
1,193
279
528
13,379
10,682
1,173
747
446
98
233
20,618
15,371
2,301
1,723
747
181
295
Library
science
.................................................
58
52
3
0
2
0
1
8
5
1
0
1
0
1
50
47
2
0
1
0
0
Mathematics
.....................................................
13,143
10,033
986
558
955
54
557
7,134
5,366
465
334
552
31
386
6,009
4,667
521
224
403
23
171
Mechanics
and
repairers
..................................
54
39
3
2
2
4
4
48
36
2
1
1
4
4
6
3
1
1
1
0
0
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...........................
26,515
20,043
2,115
2,192
1,568
210
387
9,286
7,129
668
540
675
66
208
17,229
12,914
1,447
1,652
893
144
179
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
..
13,983
12,146
790
579
219
79
170
7,090
6,022
457
350
113
46
102
6,893
6,124
333
229
106
33
68
Philosophy
and
religion
....................................
7,388
6,182
346
307
375
20
158
4,859
4,071
209
219
242
12
106
2,529
2,111
137
88
133
8
52
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...
19,647
15,551
1,130
566
1,605
108
687
12,578
10,277
497
355
934
77
438
7,069
5,274
633
211
671
31
249
Precision
production
trades
.............................
401
345
32
13
7
0
4
305
261
24
12
6
0
2
96
84
8
1
1
0
2
Protective
services
...........................................
24,810
18,386
3,710
1,918
447
222
127
15,274
11,979
1,687
1,106
294
126
82
9,536
6,407
2,023
812
153
96
45
Psychology
.......................................................
73,291
57,254
6,157
4,640
3,744
482
1,014
19,817
15,582
1,455
1,218
1,151
136
275
53,474
41,672
4,702
3,422
2,593
346
739
Public
administration
and
services
..................
19,849
14,205
3,433
1,290
546
194
181
4,205
2,942
747
286
147
33
50
15,644
11,263
2,686
1,004
399
161
131
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
sciences
........................
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.............................
126,479
96,637
10,977
7,366
6,892
811
3,796
65,872
51,938
4,635
3,568
3,242
395
2,094
60,607
44,699
6,342
3,798
3,650
416
1,702
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
....
5,358
4,740
205
106
122
20
165
4,044
3,630
139
74
74
17
110
1,314
1,110
66
32
48
3
55
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..
3,561
3,020
192
137
75
21
116
3,143
2,681
159
118
67
19
99
418
339
33
19
8
2
17
Visual
and
performing
arts
...............................
49,296
39,743
2,002
2,176
2,649
278
2,448
20,126
16,142
914
977
1,043
121
929
29,170
23,601
1,088
1,199
1,606
157
1,519
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
1,015
men
and
741
women
whose
racial/

ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
304
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
266.
 
Bachelor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...........................................
1,158,788
913,377
87,203
54,201
60,478
6,606
36,923
525,174
417,006
31,775
23,600
28,973
2,736
21,084
633,614
496,371
55,428
30,601
31,505
3,870
15,839
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
....................
19,841
17,986
472
460
424
163
336
12,692
11,645
233
280
204
99
231
7,149
6,341
239
180
220
64
105
Architecture
and
related
programs
..................
8,756
6,716
345
544
704
28
419
5,741
4,470
213
366
404
17
271
3,015
2,246
132
178
300
11
148
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
....................
5,706
3,704
650
519
558
47
228
2,092
1,321
221
189
196
25
140
3,614
2,383
429
330
362
22
88
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
......................
55,984
41,573
3,303
2,331
7,208
291
1,278
26,687
20,276
1,004
1,102
3,553
131
621
29,297
21,297
2,299
1,229
3,655
160
657
Business
...........................................................
234,323
176,471
20,286
10,753
13,174
999
12,640
121,898
95,039
7,991
5,258
6,029
478
7,103
112,425
81,432
12,295
5,495
7,145
521
5,537
Communications
...............................................
48,104
39,240
4,036
2,014
1,378
204
1,232
20,028
16,808
1,389
773
490
79
489
28,076
22,432
2,647
1,241
888
125
743
Communications
technologies
.........................
699
553
86
14
16
2
28
376
318
30
8
8
1
11
323
235
56
6
8
1
17
Computer
and
information
sciences
................
24,404
15,932
2,563
1,077
2,425
113
2,294
17,463
12,095
1,273
730
1,623
75
1,667
6,941
3,837
1,290
347
802
38
627
Construction
trades
..........................................
113
95
8
0
2
1
7
91
75
6
0
2
1
7
22
20
2
0
0
0
0
Education
.........................................................
106,079
93,033
6,658
3,430
1,381
846
731
25,641
22,347
1,640
823
382
214
235
80,438
70,686
5,018
2,607
999
632
496
Engineering
......................................................
62,342
44,735
2,908
2,724
6,939
226
4,810
51,646
37,662
1,890
2,203
5,467
180
4,244
10,696
7,073
1,018
521
1,472
46
566
Engineering­
related
technologies
.....................
15,633
12,332
1,262
688
714
115
522
14,133
11,253
1,035
610
639
99
497
1,500
1,079
227
78
75
16
25
English
language
and
literature/
letters
............
51,901
43,881
3,303
2,101
1,755
288
573
17,810
15,495
816
686
524
99
190
34,091
28,386
2,487
1,415
1,231
189
383
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...................
13,775
10,251
498
1,903
591
55
477
4,243
3,284
134
526
154
12
133
9,532
6,967
364
1,377
437
43
344
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.........
79,855
66,402
5,806
2,601
3,563
467
1,016
14,443
11,757
869
543
910
95
269
65,412
54,645
4,937
2,058
2,653
372
747
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.....................................................
15,345
13,103
1,051
395
459
93
244
1,808
1,487
154
47
71
8
41
13,537
11,616
897
348
388
85
203
Law
and
legal
studies
......................................
2,032
1,646
211
88
66
14
7
595
467
67
26
28
5
2
1,437
1,179
144
62
38
9
5
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.............................................
33,356
25,842
3,155
2,413
1,091
298
557
13,157
10,557
1,077
791
380
100
252
20,199
15,285
2,078
1,622
711
198
305
Library
science
.................................................
50
46
2
0
0
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
48
44
2
0
0
1
1
Mathematics
.....................................................
13,723
10,559
1,011
520
984
59
590
7,295
5,589
485
306
530
30
355
6,428
4,970
526
214
454
29
235
Mechanics
and
repairers
..................................
66
57
2
0
2
0
5
63
56
2
0
1
0
4
3
1
0
0
1
0
1
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...........................
26,033
20,006
1,893
2,088
1,478
147
421
9,158
7,081
649
557
608
56
207
16,875
12,925
1,244
1,531
870
91
214
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
..
12,889
11,245
715
499
183
74
173
6,724
5,769
439
310
87
34
85
6,165
5,476
276
189
96
40
88
Philosophy
and
religion
....................................
7,276
6,102
326
315
346
42
145
4,670
3,911
194
238
199
24
104
2,606
2,191
132
77
147
18
41
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...
19,177
15,398
1,056
507
1,387
102
727
12,497
10,319
505
320
809
69
475
6,680
5,079
551
187
578
33
252
Precision
production
trades
.............................
353
281
43
11
12
1
5
247
200
29
8
7
1
2
106
81
14
3
5
0
3
Protective
services
...........................................
24,157
17,980
3,702
1,701
420
203
151
15,049
11,845
1,726
983
287
107
101
9,108
6,135
1,976
718
133
96
50
Psychology
.......................................................
72,083
57,297
5,878
4,149
3,404
417
938
19,548
15,653
1,439
1,111
990
123
232
52,535
41,644
4,439
3,038
2,414
294
706
Public
administration
and
services
..................
18,586
13,533
3,026
1,170
467
205
185
3,935
2,833
640
253
134
36
39
14,651
10,700
2,386
917
333
169
146
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
sciences
........................
27
26
0
0
1
0
0
24
23
0
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.............................
128,154
99,544
10,562
7,002
6,626
798
3,622
68,139
54,659
4,466
3,462
3,136
389
2,027
60,015
44,885
6,096
3,540
3,490
409
1,595
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
....
5,578
4,830
243
136
151
24
194
4,201
3,707
160
99
96
16
123
1,377
1,123
83
37
55
8
71
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..
3,698
3,213
168
120
101
24
72
3,297
2,880
139
105
90
21
62
401
333
29
15
11
3
10
Visual
and
performing
arts
...............................
48,690
39,765
1,975
1,928
2,468
259
2,295
19,781
16,123
860
887
934
112
865
28,909
23,642
1,115
1,041
1,534
147
1,430
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
957
men
and
389
women
whose
racial/

ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
305
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
267.
 
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Number
of
degrees
conferred
Percentage
distribution
of
degrees
conferred
Total
White,
non­
Hispanic
Black,
non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian
Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Total
1976
 
77
1
........
316,602
266,061
21,037
6,071
5,122
967
17,344
100.0
84.0
6.6
1.9
1.6
0.3
5.5
1978
 
79
2
........
300,255
249,360
19,418
5,555
5,496
999
19,427
100.0
83.0
6.5
1.9
1.8
0.3
6.5
1980
 
81
3
........
294,183
241,216
17,133
6,461
6,282
1,034
22,057
100.0
82.0
5.8
2.2
2.1
0.4
7.5
1984
 
85
4
........
280,421
223,628
13,939
6,864
7,782
1,256
26,952
100.0
79.7
5.0
2.4
2.8
0.4
9.6
1986
 
87
5
........
289,349
228,874
13,873
7,044
8,559
1,103
29,896
100.0
79.1
4.8
2.4
3.0
0.4
10.3
1988
 
89
5,6
......
309,770
242,764
14,095
7,277
10,335
1,086
34,213
100.0
78.4
4.6
2.3
3.3
0.4
11.0
1989
 
90
5,7
......
322,465
251,690
15,446
7,950
10,577
1,101
35,701
100.0
78.1
4.8
2.5
3.3
0.3
11.1
1990
 
91
5,8
......
328,645
255,281
16,139
8,386
11,180
1,136
36,523
100.0
77.7
4.9
2.6
3.4
0.3
11.1
1991
 
92
5,9
......
348,682
268,371
18,116
9,358
12,658
1,273
38,906
100.0
77.0
5.2
2.7
3.6
0.4
11.2
1992
 
93
5,10
....
368,701
278,829
19,780
10,665
13,866
1,407
44,154
100.0
75.6
5.4
2.9
3.8
0.4
12.0
1993
 
94
5,11
....
385,419
288,288
21,937
11,913
15,267
1,697
46,317
100.0
74.8
5.7
3.1
4.0
0.4
12.0
1994
 
95
5,12
....
397,052
292,784
24,171
12,907
16,842
1,621
48,727
100.0
73.7
6.1
3.3
4.2
0.4
12.3
1995
 
96
5,13
....
405,521
297,558
25,801
14,412
18,161
1,778
47,811
100.0
73.4
6.4
3.6
4.5
0.4
11.8
Men
Men
1976
 
771
.........
167,396
139,210
7,781
3,268
3,123
521
13,493
100.0
83.2
4.6
2.0
1.9
0.3
8.1
1978
 
792
.........
152,637
124,058
7,070
2,786
3,325
495
14,903
100.0
81.3
4.6
1.8
2.2
0.3
9.8
1980
 
813
.........
145,666
115,562
6,158
3,085
3,773
501
16,587
100.0
79.3
4.2
2.1
2.6
0.3
11.4
1984
 
854
.........
139,417
106,059
5,200
3,059
4,842
583
19,674
100.0
76.1
3.7
2.2
3.5
0.4
14.1
1986
 
875
.........
141,269
105,572
5,153
3,331
5,239
518
21,456
100.0
74.7
3.6
2.4
3.7
0.4
15.2
1988
 
89
5,6
......
148,872
109,715
5,175
3,325
6,048
476
24,133
100.0
73.7
3.5
2.2
4.1
0.3
16.2
1989
 
90
5,7
......
152,926
112,877
5,539
3,586
6,002
463
24,459
100.0
73.8
3.6
2.3
3.9
0.3
16.0
1990
 
91
5,8
......
151,796
111,224
5,709
3,670
6,319
459
24,415
100.0
73.3
3.8
2.4
4.2
0.3
16.1
1991
 
92
5,9
......
159,543
116,096
6,054
4,132
7,062
523
25,676
100.0
72.8
3.8
2.6
4.4
0.3
16.1
1992
 
93
5,10
....
168,754
120,225
6,821
4,735
7,544
586
28,843
100.0
71.2
4.0
2.8
4.5
0.3
17.1
1993
 
94
5,11
....
175,355
123,854
7,413
5,113
8,225
691
30,059
100.0
70.6
4.2
2.9
4.7
0.4
17.1
1994
 
95
5,12
....
178,123
123,809
8,103
5,490
8,920
659
31,142
100.0
69.5
4.5
3.1
5.0
0.4
17.5
1995
 
96
5,13
....
178,661
124,514
8,442
5,833
9,373
704
29,795
100.0
69.7
4.7
3.3
5.2
0.4
16.7
Women
Women
1976
 
771
.........
149,206
126,851
13,256
2,803
1,999
446
3,851
100.0
85.0
8.9
1.9
1.3
0.3
2.6
1978
 
792
.........
147,618
125,302
12,348
2,769
2,171
504
4,524
100.0
84.9
8.4
1.9
1.5
0.3
3.1
1980
 
813
.........
148,517
125,654
10,975
3,376
2,509
533
5,470
100.0
84.6
7.4
2.3
1.7
0.4
3.7
1984
 
854
.........
141,004
117,569
8,739
3,805
2,940
673
7,278
100.0
83.4
6.2
2.7
2.1
0.5
5.2
1986
 
875
.........
148,080
123,302
8,720
3,713
3,320
585
8,440
100.0
83.3
5.9
2.5
2.2
0.4
5.7
1988
 
89
5,6
......
160,898
133,049
8,920
3,952
4,287
610
10,080
100.0
82.7
5.5
2.5
2.7
0.4
6.3
1989
 
90
5,7
......
169,539
138,813
9,907
4,364
4,575
638
11,242
100.0
81.9
5.8
2.6
2.7
0.4
6.6
1990
 
91
5,8
......
176,849
144,057
10,430
4,716
4,861
677
12,108
100.0
81.5
5.9
2.7
2.7
0.4
6.8
1991
 
92
5,9
......
189,139
152,275
12,062
5,226
5,596
750
13,230
100.0
80.5
6.4
2.8
3.0
0.4
7.0
1992
 
93
5,10
....
199,947
158,604
12,959
5,930
6,322
821
15,311
100.0
79.3
6.5
3.0
3.2
0.4
7.7
1993
 
94
5,11
....
210,064
164,434
14,524
6,800
7,042
1,006
16,258
100.0
78.3
6.9
3.2
3.4
0.5
7.7
1994
 
95
5,12
....
218,929
168,975
16,068
7,417
7,922
962
17,585
100.0
77.2
7.3
3.4
3.6
0.4
8.0
1995
 
96
5,13
....
226,860
173,044
17,359
8,579
8,788
1,074
18,016
100.0
76.3
7.7
3.8
3.9
0.5
7.9
1
Excludes
387
men
and
175
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
2
Excludes
733
men
and
91
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
3
Excludes
1,377
men
and
179
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
4
Excludes
3,973
men
and
1,857
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
5
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
6
Excludes
482
men
and
369
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
7
Excludes
727
men
and
1,109
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
8
Excludes
4,686
men
and
3,837
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
9
Excludes
2,299
men
and
1,857
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
10
Excludes
504
men
and
380
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
11
Excludes
730
men
and
921
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

12
Excludes
475
men
and
102
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

13
Excludes
420
men
and
360
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
For
years
1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96,
reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
306
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
268.
 
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...........................................
405,521
297,558
25,801
14,412
18,161
1,778
47,811
178,661
124,514
8,442
5,833
9,373
704
29,795
226,860
173,044
17,359
8,579
8,788
1,074
18,016
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
....................
4,569
3,334
116
101
124
15
879
2,650
1,922
63
59
50
6
550
1,919
1,412
53
42
74
9
329
Architecture
and
related
programs
..................
3,993
2,664
142
187
248
11
741
2,361
1,607
73
97
136
6
442
1,632
1,057
69
90
112
5
299
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
....................
1,713
1,198
115
99
98
24
179
798
558
38
60
42
9
91
915
640
77
39
56
15
88
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
......................
6,157
4,262
207
161
533
17
977
2,902
2,044
79
69
246
9
455
3,255
2,218
128
92
287
8
522
Business
...........................................................
93,982
65,685
5,753
2,938
5,417
302
13,887
58,685
41,964
2,611
1,800
3,194
184
8,932
35,297
23,721
3,142
1,138
2,223
118
4,955
Communications
...............................................
5,080
3,471
406
146
170
14
873
1,900
1,326
108
60
55
7
344
3,180
2,145
298
86
115
7
529
Communications
technologies
.........................
524
297
26
15
20
4
162
271
167
12
8
7
2
75
253
130
14
7
13
2
87
Computer
and
information
sciences
................
10,151
4,382
406
178
1,321
25
3,839
7,444
3,384
221
129
829
18
2,863
2,707
998
185
49
492
7
976
Construction
trades
..........................................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Education
.........................................................
106,253
87,310
8,557
4,628
1,833
598
3,327
25,214
20,376
1,991
1,110
464
159
1,114
81,039
66,934
6,566
3,518
1,369
439
2,213
Engineering
......................................................
27,441
14,250
704
707
2,755
59
8,966
22,735
11,972
484
546
2,103
54
7,576
4,706
2,278
220
161
652
5
1,390
Engineering­
related
technologies
.....................
1,125
843
62
36
45
3
136
906
682
44
27
37
2
114
219
161
18
9
8
1
22
English
language
and
literature/
letters
............
7,893
6,736
292
228
223
48
366
2,814
2,410
85
95
68
20
136
5,079
4,326
207
133
155
28
230
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...................
3,124
2,054
55
322
117
12
564
1,017
692
23
99
31
4
168
2,107
1,362
32
223
86
8
396
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.........
33,398
27,008
1,875
996
1,832
156
1,531
7,021
5,122
311
235
670
41
642
26,377
21,886
1,564
761
1,162
115
889
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
...................................................
2,917
2,293
192
94
74
24
240
496
374
38
15
9
6
54
2,421
1,919
154
79
65
18
186
Law
and
legal
studies
......................................
2,751
1,245
119
79
100
10
1,198
1,751
791
53
56
59
6
786
1,000
454
66
23
41
4
412
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.............................................
2,778
2,347
136
70
54
10
161
961
791
46
24
21
4
75
1,817
1,556
90
46
33
6
86
Library
science
.................................................
5,099
4,411
211
116
146
15
200
1,071
928
31
34
31
2
45
4,028
3,483
180
82
115
13
155
Mathematics
.....................................................
4,031
2,430
165
92
256
7
1,081
2,465
1,459
86
59
145
6
710
1,566
971
79
33
111
1
371
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...........................
2,347
1,865
119
73
85
11
194
1,082
848
40
38
31
7
118
1,265
1,017
79
35
54
4
76
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
..
1,751
1,483
124
36
17
8
83
911
773
54
22
9
3
50
840
710
70
14
8
5
33
Philosophy
and
religion
....................................
1,302
1,067
37
39
34
2
123
845
682
21
26
26
0
90
457
385
16
13
8
2
33
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...
5,847
3,548
123
102
327
10
1,737
3,966
2,459
63
69
182
6
1,187
1,881
1,089
60
33
145
4
550
Precision
production
trades
.............................
8
6
1
0
0
0
1
6
4
1
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
Protective
services
...........................................
1,812
1,437
240
64
25
11
35
1,151
957
118
30
14
9
23
661
480
122
34
11
2
12
Psychology
.......................................................
13,792
11,249
992
682
346
84
439
3,813
3,157
254
173
82
23
124
9,979
8,092
738
509
264
61
315
Public
administration
and
services
..................
24,229
17,968
3,004
1,267
713
165
1,112
6,927
4,989
753
378
227
49
531
17,302
12,979
2,251
889
486
116
581
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..................
136
127
5
0
1
0
3
132
123
5
0
1
0
3
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.............................
15,012
10,339
911
511
530
80
2,641
8,093
5,637
380
273
269
32
1,502
6,919
4,702
531
238
261
48
1,139
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
....
5,107
3,858
298
95
242
9
605
3,056
2,314
159
50
136
6
391
2,051
1,544
139
45
106
3
214
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..
919
830
26
26
19
5
13
856
784
20
22
17
5
8
63
46
6
4
2
0
5
Visual
and
performing
arts
...............................
10,280
7,561
382
324
456
39
1,518
4,361
3,218
177
170
182
19
595
5,919
4,343
205
154
274
20
923
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
420
men
and
360
women
whose
racial/

ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
307
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
269.
 
Master's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...........................................
397,052
292,784
24,171
12,907
16,842
1,621
48,727
178,123
123,809
8,103
5,490
8,920
659
31,142
218,929
168,975
16,068
7,417
7,922
962
17,585
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
....................
4,252
3,007
116
98
129
15
887
2,551
1,787
57
54
59
11
583
1,701
1,220
59
44
70
4
304
Architecture
and
related
programs
..................
3,923
2,628
142
155
282
9
707
2,310
1,557
73
93
134
4
449
1,613
1,071
69
62
148
5
258
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
....................
1,639
1,138
121
93
86
12
189
765
542
47
49
39
4
84
874
596
74
44
47
8
105
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
......................
5,393
3,741
169
154
431
21
877
2,602
1,805
52
68
215
11
451
2,791
1,936
117
86
216
10
426
Business
...........................................................
93,809
66,553
5,165
2,590
4,924
311
14,266
59,109
42,711
2,427
1,621
2,902
199
9,249
34,700
23,842
2,738
969
2,022
112
5,017
Communications
...............................................
5,142
3,597
376
131
171
21
846
1,869
1,358
105
45
46
7
308
3,273
2,239
271
86
125
14
538
Communications
technologies
.........................
467
259
34
12
14
0
148
239
149
16
8
5
0
61
228
110
18
4
9
0
87
Computer
and
information
sciences
................
10,326
4,521
372
207
1,329
17
3,880
7,627
3,488
215
160
847
12
2,905
2,699
1,033
157
47
482
5
975
Construction
trades
..........................................
7
0
3
1
0
0
3
4
0
1
1
0
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
1
Education
.........................................................
101,242
83,646
8,163
4,048
1,706
514
3,165
23,806
19,303
1,875
1,032
411
133
1,052
77,436
64,343
6,288
3,016
1,295
381
2,113
Engineering
......................................................
28,553
14,686
706
688
2,732
45
9,696
23,935
12,323
494
561
2,153
42
8,362
4,618
2,363
212
127
579
3
1,334
Engineering­
related
technologies
.....................
1,110
808
58
31
46
6
161
897
649
42
27
40
4
135
213
159
16
4
6
2
26
English
language
and
literature/
letters
............
7,845
6,758
300
198
192
38
359
2,764
2,418
74
73
63
15
121
5,081
4,340
226
125
129
23
238
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...................
3,136
2,071
75
288
112
5
585
995
690
27
83
28
3
164
2,141
1,381
48
205
84
2
421
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.........
31,243
25,244
1,682
849
1,590
131
1,747
6,754
4,879
293
233
606
28
715
24,489
20,365
1,389
616
984
103
1,032
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.....................................................
2,864
2,176
238
92
76
12
270
492
359
26
25
13
3
66
2,372
1,817
212
67
63
9
204
Law
and
legal
studies
......................................
2,511
1,228
89
65
59
6
1,064
1,680
818
43
47
38
3
731
831
410
46
18
21
3
333
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.............................................
2,565
2,114
158
70
39
14
170
924
747
60
24
8
7
78
1,641
1,367
98
46
31
7
92
Library
science
.................................................
5,057
4,384
227
114
146
12
174
1,054
925
30
27
26
3
43
4,003
3,459
197
87
120
9
131
Mathematics
.....................................................
4,181
2,523
162
72
257
11
1,156
2,543
1,485
70
52
147
5
784
1,638
1,038
92
20
110
6
372
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...........................
2,457
2,001
131
65
75
13
172
1,093
860
54
28
42
7
102
1,364
1,141
77
37
33
6
70
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
..
1,755
1,519
64
33
20
7
112
892
769
36
20
10
4
53
863
750
28
13
10
3
59
Philosophy
and
religion
....................................
1,380
1,128
44
51
27
9
121
875
704
31
28
18
4
90
505
424
13
23
9
5
31
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...
5,753
3,385
156
119
307
23
1,763
4,013
2,401
91
79
199
15
1,228
1,740
984
65
40
108
8
535
Precision
production
trades
.............................
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Protective
services
...........................................
1,706
1,321
252
54
33
3
43
912
705
117
34
20
3
33
794
616
135
20
13
0
10
Psychology
.......................................................
13,921
11,562
898
579
310
88
484
3,893
3,240
228
164
82
31
148
10,028
8,322
670
415
228
57
336
Public
administration
and
services
..................
23,501
18,056
2,702
1,128
593
137
885
6,870
5,030
739
357
205
38
501
16,631
13,026
1,963
771
388
99
384
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..................
124
105
7
4
7
1
0
117
99
6
4
7
1
0
7
6
1
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.............................
14,845
10,299
874
483
485
87
2,617
8,207
5,636
403
248
255
32
1,633
6,638
4,663
471
235
230
55
984
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
....
5,240
3,949
274
120
230
4
663
3,178
2,322
177
84
157
2
436
2,062
1,627
97
36
73
2
227
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..
823
741
30
19
18
6
9
775
703
26
18
16
4
8
48
38
4
1
2
2
1
Visual
and
performing
arts
...............................
10,277
7,631
383
296
416
43
1,508
4,374
3,343
168
143
129
24
567
5,903
4,288
215
153
287
19
941
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
475
men
and
102
women
whose
racial/

ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
308
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
270.
 
Doctor's
degrees
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Number
of
degrees
conferred
Percentage
distribution
of
degrees
conferred
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Total
1976
 
77
2
........
33,126
26,851
1,253
522
658
95
3,747
100.0
81.1
3.8
1.6
2.0
0.3
11.3
1978
 
79
3
........
32,675
26,138
1,268
439
811
104
3,915
100.0
80.0
3.9
1.3
2.5
0.3
12.0
1980
 
81
4
........
32,839
25,908
1,265
456
877
130
4,203
100.0
78.9
3.9
1.4
2.7
0.4
12.8
1984
 
85
5
........
32,307
23,934
1,154
677
1,106
119
5,317
100.0
74.1
3.6
2.1
3.4
0.4
16.5
1986
 
87
6
........
34,041
24,434
1,057
751
1,098
105
6,596
100.0
71.8
3.1
2.2
3.2
0.3
19.4
1988
 
89
6,7
......
35,659
24,884
1,066
629
1,323
85
7,672
100.0
69.8
3.0
1.8
3.7
0.2
21.5
1989
 
90
6,8
......
38,113
25,880
1,153
788
1,235
99
8,958
100.0
67.9
3.0
2.1
3.2
0.3
23.5
1990
 
91
6,9
......
38,547
25,328
1,211
732
1,459
102
9,715
100.0
65.7
3.1
1.9
3.8
0.3
25.2
1991
 
92
6,10
....
40,090
25,813
1,223
811
1,559
118
10,566
100.0
64.4
3.1
2.0
3.9
0.3
26.4
1992
 
93
6,11
....
42,021
26,700
1,352
827
1,582
106
11,454
100.0
63.5
3.2
2.0
3.8
0.3
27.3
1993
 
94
6,12
....
43,149
27,156
1,393
903
2,025
134
11,538
100.0
62.9
3.2
2.1
4.7
0.3
26.7
1994
 
95
6,13
....
44,427
27,826
1,667
984
2,690
130
11,130
100.0
62.6
3.8
2.2
6.1
0.3
25.1
1995
 
96
6,14
....
44,645
27,756
1,636
999
2,646
158
11,450
100.0
62.2
3.7
2.2
5.9
0.4
25.6
Men
Men
1976
 
77
2
........
25,036
20,032
766
383
540
67
3,248
100.0
80.0
3.1
1.5
2.2
0.3
13.0
1978
 
79
3
........
23,488
18,433
734
294
646
69
3,312
100.0
78.5
3.1
1.3
2.8
0.3
14.1
1980
 
81
4
........
22,595
17,310
694
277
655
95
3,564
100.0
76.6
3.1
1.2
2.9
0.4
15.8
1984
 
85
5
........
21,296
15,017
561
431
802
64
4,421
100.0
70.5
2.6
2.0
3.8
0.3
20.8
1986
 
87
6
........
22,061
14,812
485
441
794
57
5,472
100.0
67.1
2.2
2.0
3.6
0.3
24.8
1988
 
89
6,7
......
22,597
14,541
491
350
945
50
6,220
100.0
64.3
2.2
1.5
4.2
0.2
27.5
1989
 
90
6,8
......
24,248
15,105
533
423
871
49
7,267
100.0
62.3
2.2
1.7
3.6
0.2
30.0
1990
 
91
6,9
......
24,333
14,565
581
387
987
58
7,755
100.0
59.9
2.4
1.6
4.1
0.2
31.9
1991
 
92
6,10
....
25,168
14,674
576
458
1,062
65
8,333
100.0
58.3
2.3
1.8
4.2
0.3
33.1
1992
 
93
6,11
....
25,980
14,902
615
439
1,041
51
8,932
100.0
57.4
2.4
1.7
4.0
0.2
34.4
1993
 
94
6,12
....
26,531
15,126
631
465
1,373
66
8,870
100.0
57.0
2.4
1.8
5.2
0.2
33.4
1994
 
95
6,13
....
26,898
15,354
731
488
1,758
58
8,509
100.0
57.1
2.7
1.8
6.5
0.2
31.6
1995
 
96
6,14
....
26,836
15,101
730
516
1,693
80
8,716
100.0
56.3
2.7
1.9
6.3
0.3
32.5
Women
Women
1976
 
77
2
........
8,090
6,819
487
139
118
28
499
100.0
84.3
6.0
1.7
1.5
0.3
6.2
1978
 
79
3
........
9,187
7,705
534
145
165
35
603
100.0
83.9
5.8
1.6
1.8
0.4
6.6
1980
 
81
4
........
10,244
8,598
571
179
222
35
639
100.0
83.9
5.6
1.7
2.2
0.3
6.2
1984
 
85
5
........
11,011
8,917
593
246
304
55
896
100.0
81.0
5.4
2.2
2.8
0.5
8.1
1986
 
87
6
........
11,980
9,622
572
310
304
48
1,124
100.0
80.3
4.8
2.6
2.5
0.4
9.4
1988
 
89
6,7
......
13,062
10,343
575
279
378
35
1,452
100.0
79.2
4.4
2.1
2.9
0.3
11.1
1989
 
90
6,8
......
13,865
10,775
620
365
364
50
1,691
100.0
77.7
4.5
2.6
2.6
0.4
12.2
1990
 
91
6,9
......
14,214
10,763
630
345
472
44
1,960
100.0
75.7
4.4
2.4
3.3
0.3
13.8
1991
 
92
6,10
....
14,922
11,139
647
353
497
53
2,233
100.0
74.6
4.3
2.4
3.3
0.4
15.0
1992
 
93
6,11
....
16,041
11,798
737
388
541
55
2,522
100.0
73.5
4.6
2.4
3.4
0.3
15.7
1993
 
94
6,12
....
16,618
12,030
762
438
652
68
2,668
100.0
72.4
4.6
2.6
3.9
0.4
16.1
1994
 
95
6,13
....
17,529
12,472
936
496
932
72
2,621
100.0
71.2
5.3
2.8
5.3
0.4
15.0
1995
 
96
6,14
....
17,809
12,655
906
483
953
78
2,734
100.0
71.1
5.1
2.7
5.4
0.4
15.4
1
Includes
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D,
and
comparable
degrees
at
the
doctoral
level.
Excludes
firstprofessional
degrees.
2
Excludes
106
men
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
3
Excludes
53
men
and
2
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
4
Excludes
116
men
and
3
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
5
Excludes
404
men
and
232
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
6
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
7
Excludes
51
men
and
10
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
8
Excludes
153
men
and
105
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
9
Excludes
423
men
and
324
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
10
Excludes
389
men
and
180
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
11
Excludes
93
men
and
18
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
12
Excludes
21
men
and
15
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
13
Excludes
18
men
and
1
woman
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
14
Excludes
5
men
and
2
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
For
years
1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96,
reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
309
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
271.
 
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1995
 
96
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...........................................
44,645
27,756
1,636
999
2,646
158
11,450
26,836
15,101
730
516
1,693
80
8,716
17,809
12,655
906
483
953
78
2,734
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
....................
1,271
575
23
11
72
3
587
935
403
21
8
51
1
451
336
172
2
3
21
2
136
Architecture
and
related
programs
..................
141
67
5
0
6
0
63
96
38
3
0
5
0
50
45
29
2
0
1
0
13
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
....................
184
117
22
3
13
1
28
94
55
8
2
7
1
21
90
62
14
1
6
0
7
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
......................
4,780
2,838
79
101
464
14
1,284
2,773
1,610
43
55
264
6
795
2,007
1,228
36
46
200
8
489
Business
...........................................................
1,368
817
45
20
77
6
403
974
529
26
14
58
5
342
394
288
19
6
19
1
61
Communications
...............................................
338
232
19
5
12
0
70
184
124
10
4
6
0
40
154
108
9
1
6
0
30
Communications
technologies
.........................
7
0
1
0
4
0
2
6
0
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
Computer
and
information
sciences
................
867
367
10
9
84
2
395
741
302
10
8
72
2
347
126
65
0
1
12
0
48
Education
.........................................................
6,676
5,128
564
218
157
51
558
2,525
1,899
175
86
60
16
289
4,151
3,229
389
132
97
35
269
Engineering
......................................................
6,369
2,507
74
89
570
12
3,117
5,570
2,125
55
72
482
10
2,826
799
382
19
17
88
2
291
Engineering­
related
technologies
.....................
11
3
0
0
1
0
7
10
3
0
0
1
0
6
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
English
language
and
literature/
letters
............
1,535
1,240
50
32
46
5
162
590
460
16
12
17
3
82
945
780
34
20
29
2
80
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...................
876
499
8
64
45
1
259
387
209
3
28
18
0
129
489
290
5
36
27
1
130
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.........
2,119
1,342
64
52
166
2
493
919
493
18
15
90
1
302
1,200
849
46
37
76
1
191
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
...................................................
414
289
33
9
8
0
75
117
83
8
5
3
0
18
297
206
25
4
5
0
57
Law
and
legal
studies
......................................
91
40
2
3
5
0
41
59
24
1
1
2
0
31
32
16
1
2
3
0
10
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.............................................
75
61
6
1
2
0
5
33
28
3
1
0
0
1
42
33
3
0
2
0
4
Library
science
.................................................
53
39
2
1
6
0
5
10
6
0
1
2
0
1
43
33
2
0
4
0
4
Mathematics
.....................................................
1,209
547
9
9
98
1
545
962
427
7
8
73
1
446
247
120
2
1
25
0
99
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...........................
441
301
38
11
16
4
71
218
131
22
5
7
2
51
223
170
16
6
9
2
20
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
..
104
71
7
2
3
0
21
65
39
4
2
2
0
18
39
32
3
0
1
0
3
Philosophy
and
religion
....................................
549
436
15
8
14
1
75
385
301
10
6
7
1
60
164
135
5
2
7
0
15
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...
4,571
2,446
56
68
389
11
1,601
3,515
1,864
39
58
267
7
1,280
1,056
582
17
10
122
4
321
Precision
production
trades
.............................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Protective
services
...........................................
38
32
2
0
2
0
2
22
17
1
0
2
0
2
16
15
1
0
0
0
0
Psychology
.......................................................
3,711
3,087
159
148
100
23
194
1,259
1,047
41
45
28
12
86
2,452
2,040
118
103
72
11
108
Public
administration
and
services
..................
499
340
44
14
11
1
89
220
142
9
5
6
0
58
279
198
35
9
5
1
31
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.............................
3,760
2,471
121
95
163
15
895
2,339
1,448
69
59
86
10
667
1,421
1,023
52
36
77
5
228
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
....
1,521
1,062
147
10
63
4
235
1,304
903
112
9
57
2
221
217
159
35
1
6
2
14
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
...............................
1,067
802
31
16
49
1
168
524
391
16
7
16
0
94
543
411
15
9
33
1
74
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
5
men
and
2
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
310
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
272.
 
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:
1994
 
95
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields,
total
1
...........................................
44,427
27,826
1,667
984
2,690
130
11,130
26,898
15,354
731
488
1,758
58
8,509
17,529
12,472
936
496
932
72
2,621
Agriculture
and
natural
resources
....................
1,264
601
13
19
71
2
558
962
446
9
12
52
1
442
302
155
4
7
19
1
116
Architecture
and
related
programs
..................
141
69
6
6
4
0
56
95
43
4
5
3
0
40
46
26
2
1
1
0
16
Area,
ethnic,
and
cultural
studies
....................
186
121
22
6
5
4
28
80
53
8
1
3
1
14
106
68
14
5
2
3
14
Biological
sciences/
life
sciences
......................
4,645
2,883
87
98
407
4
1,166
2,771
1,687
52
63
228
0
741
1,874
1,196
35
35
179
4
425
Business
...........................................................
1,394
848
41
16
82
5
402
1,014
568
25
11
58
5
347
380
280
16
5
24
0
55
Communications
...............................................
320
234
14
6
15
0
51
162
116
3
3
7
0
33
158
118
11
3
8
0
18
Communications
technologies
.........................
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Computer
and
information
sciences
................
884
401
9
6
92
0
376
723
311
8
2
73
0
329
161
90
1
4
19
0
47
Education
.........................................................
6,905
5,205
620
252
151
40
637
2,621
1,964
191
88
52
15
311
4,284
3,241
429
164
99
25
326
Engineering
......................................................
6,110
2,333
76
60
635
5
3,001
5,383
1,972
59
51
525
3
2,773
727
361
17
9
110
2
228
Engineering­
related
technologies
.....................
18
7
0
0
2
1
8
16
7
0
0
2
1
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
English
language
and
literature/
letters
............
1,561
1,268
37
26
35
7
188
665
525
9
8
8
3
112
896
743
28
18
27
4
76
Foreign
languages
and
literatures
...................
905
536
8
71
33
3
254
395
221
5
27
13
3
126
510
315
3
44
20
0
128
Health
professions
and
related
sciences
.........
2,069
1,311
90
38
153
9
468
867
444
32
17
86
2
286
1,202
867
58
21
67
7
182
Home
economics
and
vocational
home
economics
.....................................................
388
279
28
7
9
0
65
99
67
6
1
2
0
23
289
212
22
6
7
0
42
Law
and
legal
studies
......................................
88
32
1
0
1
0
54
62
20
1
0
0
0
41
26
12
0
0
1
0
13
Liberal
arts
and
sciences,
general
studies,

and
humanities
.............................................
90
71
8
0
2
0
9
41
31
1
0
2
0
7
49
40
7
0
0
0
2
Library
science
.................................................
55
29
7
2
5
0
12
20
10
1
1
2
0
6
35
19
6
1
3
0
6
Mathematics
.....................................................
1,226
562
5
14
95
1
549
955
433
3
11
75
0
433
271
129
2
3
20
1
116
Multi/
interdisciplinary
studies
...........................
238
155
13
8
14
2
46
129
79
5
4
8
0
33
109
76
8
4
6
2
13
Parks,
recreation,
leisure
and
fitness
studies
..
149
110
5
7
6
0
21
87
61
4
4
2
0
16
62
49
1
3
4
0
5
Philosophy
and
religion
....................................
507
401
14
9
13
2
68
365
281
10
6
9
1
58
142
120
4
3
4
1
10
Physical
sciences
and
science
technologies
...
4,483
2,455
45
62
438
9
1,474
3,428
1,865
30
45
312
5
1,171
1,055
590
15
17
126
4
303
Precision
production
trades
.............................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Protective
services
...........................................
26
17
4
0
3
0
2
14
8
3
0
2
0
1
12
9
1
0
1
0
1
Psychology
.......................................................
3,822
3,231
154
129
104
18
186
1,431
1,213
35
44
41
5
93
2,391
2,018
119
85
63
13
93
Public
administration
and
services
..................
556
381
59
13
16
2
85
274
172
23
7
12
1
59
282
209
36
6
4
1
26
R.
O.
T.
C.
and
military
technologies
..................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Social
sciences
and
history
.............................
3,725
2,360
119
86
196
10
954
2,319
1,378
60
58
120
7
696
1,406
982
59
28
76
3
258
Theological
studies
and
religious
vocations
....
1,591
1,108
150
30
51
4
248
1,375
955
125
12
45
4
234
216
153
25
18
6
0
14
Transportation
and
material
moving
workers
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Visual
and
performing
arts
...............................
1,080
817
32
13
52
2
164
545
424
19
7
16
1
78
535
393
13
6
36
1
86
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
18
men
and
1
woman
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
To
facilitate
trend
comparisons,
certain
aggregations
have
been
made
of
the
degree
fields
as
reported
in
the
IPEDS
``
Completions''
survey:
``
Agriculture
and
natural
resources''
includes
Agricultural
business
and
production,
Agricultural
sciences,
and
Conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources;
and
``
Business''
includes
Business
management
and
administrative
services,
Marketing
operations/
marketing
and
distribution,
and
Consumer
and
personal
services
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
311
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
273.
 
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group
and
sex
of
student:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Number
of
degrees
conferred
Percentage
distribution
of
degrees
conferred
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,
non­

Hispanic
Black,
non­

Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Total
1976
 
77
1
........
63,953
58,422
2,537
1,076
1,021
196
701
100.0
91.4
4.0
1.7
1.6
0.3
1.1
1978
 
79
2
........
68,611
62,430
2,836
1,283
1,205
216
641
100.0
91.0
4.1
1.9
1.8
0.3
0.9
1980
 
81
3
........
71,340
64,551
2,931
1,541
1,456
192
669
100.0
90.5
4.1
2.2
2.0
0.3
0.9
1984
 
85
4
........
71,057
63,219
3,029
1,884
1,816
248
861
100.0
89.0
4.3
2.7
2.6
0.3
1.2
1986
 
87
..........
71,617
62,688
3,420
2,051
2,270
304
884
100.0
87.5
4.8
2.9
3.2
0.4
1.2
1988
 
89
..........
70,856
61,214
3,148
2,269
2,976
264
985
100.0
86.4
4.4
3.2
4.2
0.4
1.4
1989
 
90
5
........
70,744
60,240
3,410
2,427
3,362
257
1,048
100.0
85.2
4.8
3.4
4.8
0.4
1.5
1990
 
91
6
........
71,515
60,327
3,575
2,527
3,755
261
1,070
100.0
84.4
5.0
3.5
5.3
0.4
1.5
1991
 
92
7
........
72,129
59,800
3,560
2,766
4,455
296
1,252
100.0
82.9
4.9
3.8
6.2
0.4
1.7
1992
 
93
8
........
74,960
60,830
4,100
2,984
5,160
368
1,518
100.0
81.1
5.5
4.0
6.9
0.5
2.0
1993
 
94
..........
75,418
60,140
4,444
3,134
5,892
371
1,437
100.0
79.7
5.9
4.2
7.8
0.5
1.9
1994
 
95
..........
75,800
59,402
4,747
3,231
6,397
412
1,611
100.0
78.4
6.3
4.3
8.4
0.5
2.1
1995
 
96
9
........
76,641
59,456
5,016
3,476
6,617
463
1,613
100.0
77.6
6.5
4.5
8.6
0.6
2.1
Men
Men
1976
 
77
1
........
51,980
47,777
1,761
893
776
159
614
100.0
91.9
3.4
1.7
1.5
0.3
1.2
1978
 
79
2
........
52,425
48,123
1,783
989
860
150
520
100.0
91.8
3.4
1.9
1.6
0.3
1.0
1980
 
81
3
........
52,194
47,629
1,772
1,131
991
134
537
100.0
91.3
3.4
2.2
1.9
0.3
1.0
1984
 
85
4
........
47,501
42,630
1,623
1,239
1,152
176
681
100.0
89.7
3.4
2.6
2.4
0.4
1.4
1986
 
87
..........
46,523
41,149
1,835
1,303
1,420
183
633
100.0
88.4
3.9
2.8
3.1
0.4
1.4
1988
 
89
..........
45,046
39,399
1,618
1,374
1,819
148
688
100.0
87.5
3.6
3.1
4.0
0.3
1.5
1989
 
90
5
........
43,778
37,850
1,672
1,450
1,963
135
708
100.0
86.5
3.8
3.3
4.5
0.3
1.6
1990
 
91
6
........
43,601
37,348
1,672
1,506
2,178
144
753
100.0
85.7
3.8
3.5
5.0
0.3
1.7
1991
 
92
7
........
43,812
36,939
1,603
1,635
2,593
157
885
100.0
84.3
3.7
3.7
5.9
0.4
2.0
1992
 
93
8
........
44,821
37,157
1,777
1,762
2,858
190
1,077
100.0
82.9
4.0
3.9
6.4
0.4
2.4
1993
 
94
..........
44,707
36,573
1,902
1,781
3,214
222
1,015
100.0
81.8
4.3
4.0
7.2
0.5
2.3
1994
 
95
..........
44,853
36,146
2,077
1,836
3,491
222
1,081
100.0
80.6
4.6
4.1
7.8
0.5
2.4
1995
 
96
9
........
44,679
35,732
2,107
1,947
3,533
256
1,104
100.0
80.0
4.7
4.4
7.9
0.6
2.5
Women
Women
1976
 
77
1
........
11,973
10,645
776
183
245
37
87
100.0
88.9
6.5
1.5
2.0
0.3
0.7
1978
 
79
2
........
16,186
14,307
1,053
294
345
66
121
100.0
88.4
6.5
1.8
2.1
0.4
0.7
1980
 
81
3
........
19,146
16,922
1,159
410
465
58
132
100.0
88.4
6.1
2.1
2.4
0.3
0.7
1984
 
85
4
........
23,556
20,589
1,406
645
664
72
180
100.0
87.4
6.0
2.7
2.8
0.3
0.8
1986
 
87
..........
25,094
21,539
1,585
748
850
121
251
100.0
85.8
6.3
3.0
3.4
0.5
1.0
1988
 
89
..........
25,810
21,815
1,530
895
1,157
116
297
100.0
84.5
5.9
3.5
4.5
0.4
1.2
1989
 
90
5
........
26,966
22,390
1,738
977
1,399
122
340
100.0
83.0
6.4
3.6
5.2
0.5
1.3
1990
 
91
6
........
27,914
22,979
1,903
1,021
1,577
117
317
100.0
82.3
6.8
3.7
5.6
0.4
1.1
1991
 
92
7
........
28,317
22,861
1,957
1,131
1,862
139
367
100.0
80.7
6.9
4.0
6.6
0.5
1.3
1992
 
93
8
........
30,139
23,673
2,323
1,222
2,302
178
441
100.0
78.5
7.7
4.1
7.6
0.6
1.5
1993
 
94
..........
30,711
23,567
2,542
1,353
2,678
149
422
100.0
76.7
8.3
4.4
8.7
0.5
1.4
1994
 
95
..........
30,947
23,256
2,670
1,395
2,906
190
530
100.0
75.1
8.6
4.5
9.4
0.6
1.7
1995
 
96
9
........
31,962
23,724
2,909
1,529
3,084
207
509
100.0
74.2
9.1
4.8
9.6
0.6
1.6
1
Excludes
394
men
and
12
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
2
Excludes
227
men
and
10
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
3
Excludes
598
men
and
18
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
was
not
available.
4
Excludes
2,954
men
and
1,052
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
5
Excludes
183
men
and
61
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
6
Excludes
245
men
and
188
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
7
Excludes
1,259
men
and
758
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
8
Excludes
332
men
and
95
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
9
Excludes
69
men
and
24
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.

NOTE.
 
For
years
1984
 
85
to
1995
 
96,
reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
312
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
274.
 
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:

1995
 
96
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields
1
................................................................................
76,641
59,456
5,016
3,476
6,617
463
1,613
44,679
35,732
2,107
1,947
3,533
256
1,104
31,962
23,724
2,909
1,529
3,084
207
509
Dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.)
........................................................
3,697
2,516
175
177
598
11
220
2,374
1,705
76
103
332
9
149
1,323
811
99
74
266
2
71
Medicine
(
M.
D.)
............................................................................
15,341
10,956
988
702
2,406
93
196
9,061
6,661
387
397
1,435
54
127
6,280
4,295
601
305
971
39
69
Optometry
(
O.
D.)
..........................................................................
1,231
911
35
47
169
2
67
568
442
9
17
60
1
39
663
469
26
30
109
1
28
Osteopathic
medicine
(
D.
O.)
........................................................
1,895
1,529
45
74
210
14
23
1,232
1,009
23
54
124
8
14
663
520
22
20
86
6
9
Pharmacy
(
Pharm.
D.)
..................................................................
2,555
1,570
275
80
526
8
96
873
572
78
33
148
3
39
1,682
998
197
47
378
5
57
Podiatry
(
Pod.
D.
or
D.
P.)
or
podiatric
medicine
(
D.
P.
M.)
............
650
462
56
43
64
5
20
453
344
15
29
46
3
16
197
118
41
14
18
2
4
Veterinary
medicine
(
D.
V.
M.)
.......................................................
2,109
1,935
33
77
37
17
10
715
656
14
27
8
6
4
1,394
1,279
19
50
29
11
6
Chiropractic
medicine
(
D.
C.
or
D.
C.
M.)
.......................................
3,379
2,777
65
113
134
18
272
2,470
2,051
29
75
103
11
201
909
726
36
38
31
7
71
Law
(
LL.
B.
or
J.
D.)
.......................................................................
39,828
32,085
2,842
2,052
2,182
280
387
22,508
18,794
1,162
1,115
1,031
153
253
17,320
13,291
1,680
937
1,151
127
134
Theology
(
M.
Div.,
M.
H.
L.,
B.
D.,
or
Ord.)
.....................................
5,879
4,657
501
111
289
15
306
4,400
3,478
313
97
244
8
260
1,479
1,179
188
14
45
7
46
Other
............................................................................................
77
58
1
0
2
0
16
25
20
1
0
2
0
2
52
38
0
0
0
0
14
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
Excludes
69
men
and
24
women
whose
racial/
ethnic
group
and
field
of
study
were
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)

Table
275.
 
First­
professional
degrees
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
racial/
ethnic
group,
major
field
of
study,
and
sex
of
student:

1994
 
95
Major
field
of
study
Total
Men
Women
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
Total
White,

non­
Hispanic
Black,

non­
Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
American
Indian/

Alaskan
Native
Nonresident
alien
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
All
fields
1
................................................................................
75,800
59,402
4,747
3,231
6,397
412
1,611
44,853
36,146
2,077
1,836
3,491
222
1,081
30,947
23,256
2,670
1,395
2,906
190
530
Dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.)
........................................................
3,897
2,616
180
233
589
12
267
2,480
1,774
83
128
313
9
173
1,417
842
97
105
276
3
94
Medicine
(
M.
D.)
............................................................................
15,537
11,215
929
648
2,485
65
195
9,507
7,058
409
399
1,490
28
123
6,030
4,157
520
249
995
37
72
Optometry
(
O.
D.)
..........................................................................
1,185
899
27
36
157
5
61
538
439
5
16
48
2
28
647
460
22
20
109
3
33
Osteopathic
medicine
(
D.
O.)
........................................................
1,854
1,524
51
67
185
9
18
1,249
1,040
32
49
109
6
13
605
484
19
18
76
3
5
Pharmacy
(
Pharm.
D.)
.................................................................
2,264
1,444
233
50
434
7
96
785
522
66
20
134
1
42
1,479
922
167
30
300
6
54
Podiatry
(
Pod.
D.
or
D.
P.)
or
podiatric
medicine
(
D.
P.
M.)
..........
545
416
28
32
57
1
11
370
290
15
19
38
1
7
175
126
13
13
19
0
4
Veterinary
medicine
(
D.
V.
M.)
.......................................................
2,148
1,983
52
53
37
12
11
762
694
22
27
9
5
5
1,386
1,289
30
26
28
7
6
Chiropractic
medicine
(
D.
C.
or
D.
C.
M.)
.......................................
2,968
2,477
50
81
125
14
221
2,094
1,750
28
56
91
13
156
874
727
22
25
34
1
65
Law
(
LL.
B.
or
J.
D.)
.......................................................................
39,349
32,126
2,699
1,897
2,011
272
344
22,592
19,108
1,118
1,016
987
146
217
16,757
13,018
1,581
881
1,024
126
127
Theology
(
M.
Div.,
M.
H.
L.,
B.
D.,
or
Ord.)
....................................
5,978
4,641
496
132
317
15
377
4,443
3,443
298
106
272
11
313
1,535
1,198
198
26
45
4
64
Other
............................................................................................
75
61
2
2
0
0
10
33
28
1
0
0
0
4
42
33
1
2
0
0
6
1
Reported
racial/
ethnic
distributions
of
students
by
level
of
degree,
field
of
degree,
and
sex
were
used
to
estimate
race/
ethnicity
for
students
whose
race/
ethnicity
was
not
reported.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
313
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
276.
 
Earned
degrees
in
agriculture
and
natural
resources
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
..........................
12,672
12,136
536
2,457
2,313
144
1,086
1,055
31
1971
 
72
..........................
13,516
12,779
737
2,680
2,490
190
971
945
26
1972
 
73
..........................
14,756
13,661
1,095
2,807
2,588
219
1,059
1,031
28
1973
 
74
..........................
16,253
14,684
1,569
2,928
2,640
288
930
897
33
1974
 
75
..........................
17,528
15,061
2,467
3,067
2,703
364
991
958
33
1975
 
76
..........................
19,402
15,845
3,557
3,340
2,862
478
928
867
61
1976
 
77
..........................
21,467
16,690
4,777
3,724
3,177
547
893
831
62
1977
 
78
..........................
22,650
17,069
5,581
4,023
3,268
755
971
909
62
1978
 
79
..........................
23,134
16,854
6,280
3,994
3,187
807
950
877
73
1979
 
80
..........................
22,802
16,045
6,757
3,976
3,082
894
991
879
112
1980
 
81
..........................
21,886
15,154
6,732
4,003
3,061
942
1,067
940
127
1981
 
82
..........................
21,029
14,443
6,586
4,163
3,114
1,049
1,079
925
154
1982
 
83
..........................
20,909
14,085
6,824
4,254
3,129
1,125
1,149
1,004
145
1983
 
84
..........................
19,317
13,206
6,111
4,178
2,989
1,189
1,172
1,001
171
1984
 
85
..........................
18,107
12,477
5,630
3,928
2,846
1,082
1,213
1,036
177
1985
 
86
..........................
16,823
11,544
5,279
3,801
2,701
1,100
1,158
966
192
1986
 
87
..........................
14,991
10,314
4,677
3,522
2,460
1,062
1,049
871
178
1987
 
88
..........................
14,222
9,744
4,478
3,479
2,427
1,052
1,142
926
216
1988
 
89
..........................
13,492
9,298
4,194
3,245
2,231
1,014
1,183
950
233
1989
 
90
..........................
12,900
8,822
4,078
3,382
2,239
1,143
1,295
1,038
257
1990
 
91
..........................
13,124
8,832
4,292
3,295
2,160
1,135
1,185
953
232
1991
 
92
..........................
15,124
9,869
5,255
3,735
2,413
1,322
1,214
963
251
1992
 
93
..........................
16,778
11,080
5,698
3,965
2,477
1,488
1,173
879
294
1993
 
94
..........................
18,070
11,748
6,322
4,119
2,515
1,604
1,278
982
296
1994
 
95
..........................
19,841
12,692
7,149
4,252
2,551
1,701
1,264
962
302
1995
 
96
..........................
21,431
13,535
7,896
4,569
2,650
1,919
1,271
935
336
1
Includes
degrees
in
agricultural
business
and
production;
agricultural
sciences;
and
conservation
and
renewable
natural
resources.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)

Table
277.
 
Earned
degrees
in
architecture
and
related
programs
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
..........................
2,563
2,441
122
166
159
7
1
1
0
1959
 
60
..........................
1,801
1,744
57
319
305
14
17
17
0
1969
 
70
..........................
4,105
3,888
217
1,427
1,260
167
35
33
2
1970
 
71
..........................
5,570
4,906
664
1,705
1,469
236
36
33
3
1971
 
72
..........................
6,440
5,667
773
1,899
1,626
273
50
43
7
1972
 
73
..........................
6,962
6,042
920
2,307
1,943
364
58
54
4
1973
 
74
..........................
7,822
6,665
1,157
2,702
2,208
494
69
65
4
1974
 
75
..........................
8,226
6,791
1,435
2,938
2,343
595
69
58
11
1975
 
76
..........................
9,146
7,396
1,750
3,215
2,545
670
82
69
13
1976
 
77
..........................
9,222
7,249
1,973
3,213
2,489
724
73
62
11
1977
 
78
..........................
9,250
7,054
2,196
3,115
2,304
811
73
57
16
1978
 
79
..........................
9,273
6,876
2,397
3,113
2,226
887
96
74
22
1979
 
80
..........................
9,132
6,596
2,536
3,139
2,245
894
79
66
13
1980
 
81
..........................
9,455
6,800
2,655
3,153
2,234
919
93
73
20
1981
 
82
..........................
9,728
6,825
2,903
3,327
2,242
1,085
80
58
22
1982
 
83
..........................
9,823
6,403
3,420
3,357
2,224
1,133
97
74
23
1983
 
84
..........................
9,186
5,895
3,291
3,223
2,197
1,026
84
62
22
1984
 
85
..........................
9,325
6,019
3,306
3,275
2,148
1,127
89
66
23
1985
 
86
..........................
9,119
5,824
3,295
3,260
2,129
1,131
73
56
17
1986
 
87
..........................
8,950
5,617
3,333
3,163
2,086
1,077
92
66
26
1987
 
88
..........................
8,603
5,271
3,332
3,159
2,042
1,117
98
66
32
1988
 
89
..........................
9,150
5,545
3,605
3,383
2,192
1,191
86
63
23
1989
 
90
..........................
9,364
5,703
3,661
3,499
2,228
1,271
103
73
30
1990
 
91
..........................
9,781
5,788
3,993
3,490
2,244
1,246
135
101
34
1991
 
92
..........................
8,753
5,805
2,948
3,640
2,271
1,369
132
93
39
1992
 
93
..........................
9,167
5,940
3,227
3,808
2,376
1,432
148
105
43
1993
 
94
..........................
8,975
5,764
3,211
3,943
2,428
1,515
161
111
50
1994
 
95
..........................
8,756
5,741
3,015
3,923
2,310
1,613
141
95
46
1995
 
96
..........................
8,352
5,340
3,012
3,993
2,361
1,632
141
96
45
1
Prior
to
1969
 
70,
includes
degrees
in
architecture.
Beginning
in
1969
 
70,
includes
degrees
in
architecture;
city/
urban,
community,
and
regional
planning;
architectural
environmental
design;
interior
architecture;
landscape
architecture;
architectural
urban
design
and
planning;
and
architecture
and
related
programs,
other.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
314
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
278.
 
Earned
degrees
in
the
biological/
life
sciences
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1951
 
52
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1951
 
52
...............
11,094
8,212
2,882
2,307
1,908
399
764
680
84
1955
 
56
...............
12,423
9,515
2,908
1,759
1,379
380
1,025
908
117
1959
 
60
...............
15,576
11,654
3,922
2,154
1,668
486
1,205
1,086
119
1965
 
66
...............
26,916
19,368
7,548
4,232
3,085
1,147
2,097
1,792
305
1969
 
70
...............
34,034
23,919
10,115
5,800
3,975
1,825
3,289
2,820
469
1970
 
71
...............
35,743
25,333
10,410
5,728
3,805
1,923
3,645
3,050
595
1971
 
72
...............
37,293
26,323
10,970
6,101
4,087
2,014
3,653
3,031
622
1972
 
73
...............
42,233
29,636
12,597
6,263
4,354
1,909
3,636
2,926
710
1973
 
74
...............
48,340
33,245
15,095
6,552
4,555
1,997
3,439
2,740
699
1974
 
75
...............
51,741
34,612
17,129
6,550
4,587
1,963
3,384
2,641
743
1975
 
76
...............
54,275
35,520
18,755
6,582
4,497
2,085
3,392
2,663
729
1976
 
77
...............
53,605
34,218
19,387
7,114
4,718
2,396
3,397
2,671
726
1977
 
78
...............
51,502
31,705
19,797
6,806
4,400
2,406
3,309
2,511
798
1978
 
79
...............
48,846
29,191
19,655
6,831
4,265
2,566
3,542
2,636
906
1979
 
80
...............
46,370
26,828
19,542
6,510
4,098
2,412
3,636
2,690
946
1980
 
81
...............
43,216
24,149
19,067
5,978
3,654
2,324
3,718
2,666
1,052
1981
 
82
...............
41,639
22,754
18,885
5,874
3,426
2,448
3,743
2,654
1,089
1982
 
83
...............
39,982
21,564
18,418
5,696
3,214
2,482
3,341
2,266
1,075
1983
 
84
...............
38,640
20,558
18,082
5,406
2,996
2,410
3,437
2,381
1,056
1984
 
85
...............
38,445
20,064
18,381
5,059
2,647
2,412
3,432
2,307
1,125
1985
 
86
...............
38,524
19,993
18,531
5,013
2,616
2,397
3,358
2,229
1,129
1986
 
87
...............
38,121
19,657
18,464
4,952
2,538
2,414
3,419
2,225
1,194
1987
 
88
...............
36,755
18,245
18,510
4,784
2,423
2,361
3,629
2,349
1,280
1988
 
89
...............
36,059
17,953
18,106
4,961
2,492
2,469
3,520
2,234
1,286
1989
 
90
...............
37,204
18,312
18,892
4,869
2,395
2,474
3,844
2,394
1,450
1990
 
91
...............
39,530
19,412
20,118
4,765
2,302
2,463
4,093
2,577
1,516
1991
 
92
...............
42,941
20,798
22,143
4,785
2,301
2,484
4,243
2,620
1,623
1992
 
93
...............
47,038
22,842
24,196
4,756
2,343
2,413
4,435
2,664
1,771
1993
 
94
...............
51,383
25,050
26,333
5,196
2,465
2,731
4,534
2,690
1,844
1994
 
95
...............
55,984
26,687
29,297
5,393
2,602
2,791
4,645
2,771
1,874
1995
 
96
...............
60,994
28,849
32,145
6,157
2,902
3,255
4,780
2,773
2,007
1
Includes
degrees
in
biology;
biochemistry
and
biophysics;
botany;
cell
and
molecular
biology;
microbiology/
bacteriology;
zoology;
and
other
biological
sciences.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
279.
 
Earned
degrees
in
biology,
microbiology,
and
zoology
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Biology,
general
Microbiology
1
Zoology
2
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
...............
26,294
2,665
536
1,475
456
365
5,722
1,167
1,107
1971
 
72
...............
27,473
2,943
580
1,548
470
351
5,522
1,189
1,094
1972
 
73
...............
31,185
2,959
627
1,940
517
344
5,770
1,191
1,008
1973
 
74
...............
36,188
3,186
657
2,311
505
384
6,192
1,250
919
1974
 
75
...............
38,748
3,109
637
2,767
552
345
6,116
1,216
920
1975
 
76
...............
40,163
3,177
624
2,927
585
364
6,105
1,153
909
1976
 
77
...............
39,530
3,322
608
2,884
659
325
5,608
1,168
950
1977
 
78
...............
37,598
3,094
664
2,695
615
353
5,139
1,160
885
1978
 
79
...............
35,962
3,093
663
2,670
597
395
4,913
1,109
938
1979
 
80
...............
33,523
2,911
718
2,631
596
376
4,374
1,078
955
1980
 
81
...............
31,323
2,598
734
2,414
482
370
3,946
1,090
946
1981
 
82
...............
29,651
2,579
678
2,377
470
350
3,664
1,028
936
1982
 
83
...............
28,022
2,354
521
2,306
446
331
3,453
918
809
1983
 
84
...............
27,379
2,313
617
2,329
447
360
3,294
867
826
1984
 
85
...............
27,593
2,130
658
2,180
413
302
3,128
778
802
1985
 
86
...............
27,618
2,173
574
2,217
353
336
2,940
723
844
1986
 
87
...............
27,465
2,022
537
2,098
390
337
2,858
740
787
1987
 
88
...............
26,838
1,981
576
2,014
357
386
2,580
725
786
1988
 
89
...............
26,229
2,097
527
1,780
411
356
2,582
736
744
1989
 
90
...............
27,213
1,998
551
1,814
366
409
2,501
638
810
1990
 
91
...............
29,285
1,956
632
1,757
324
419
2,673
640
833
1991
 
92
...............
31,909
1,995
657
1,722
336
454
2,840
620
818
1992
 
93
...............
34,932
2,000
671
1,769
328
520
3,071
637
786
1993
 
94
...............
38,103
2,178
665
1,841
332
478
3,207
749
805
1994
 
95
...............
41,658
2,350
729
1,908
295
443
3,206
689
767
1995
 
96
...............
44,818
2,606
768
2,130
324
477
3,549
815
855
1
Includes
bacteriology.

2
Includes
general
zoology;
entomology;
pathology;
pharmacology;
physiology;
and
zoology
other.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
315
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
280.
 
Earned
degrees
in
business
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1955
 
56
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1955
 
56
..........................
42,813
38,706
4,107
3,280
3,118
162
129
127
2
1959
 
60
..........................
51,076
47,262
3,814
4,643
4,476
167
135
133
2
1965
 
66
..........................
62,721
57,516
5,205
12,959
12,628
331
387
370
17
1969
 
70
..........................
105,580
96,346
9,234
21,561
20,792
769
620
610
10
1970
 
71
..........................
114,729
104,275
10,454
25,977
24,967
1,010
757
736
21
1971
 
72
..........................
121,266
109,688
11,578
30,028
28,845
1,183
859
840
19
1972
 
73
..........................
126,144
112,783
13,361
30,638
29,128
1,510
902
850
52
1973
 
74
..........................
131,640
114,729
16,911
32,172
30,044
2,128
919
870
49
1974
 
75
..........................
132,731
111,144
21,587
35,758
32,732
3,026
936
897
39
1975
 
76
..........................
142,034
113,954
28,080
42,054
37,145
4,909
900
851
49
1976
 
77
..........................
150,765
115,353
35,412
46,006
39,400
6,606
827
775
52
1977
 
78
..........................
159,691
116,171
43,520
47,837
39,743
8,094
823
753
70
1978
 
79
..........................
171,241
118,825
52,416
49,855
40,274
9,581
821
724
97
1979
 
80
..........................
184,867
122,508
62,359
54,484
42,288
12,196
753
642
111
1980
 
81
..........................
198,983
125,523
73,460
57,391
42,980
14,411
795
675
120
1981
 
82
..........................
213,374
129,262
84,112
60,763
43,807
16,956
815
668
147
1982
 
83
..........................
226,627
131,538
95,089
64,758
45,999
18,759
776
644
132
1983
 
84
..........................
229,478
129,559
99,919
66,150
46,178
19,972
929
730
199
1984
 
85
..........................
232,636
127,659
104,977
66,996
46,209
20,787
831
688
143
1985
 
86
..........................
237,319
128,780
108,539
66,689
45,938
20,751
934
729
205
1986
 
87
..........................
240,546
128,603
111,943
67,093
44,913
22,180
1,062
808
254
1987
 
88
..........................
243,021
129,552
113,469
69,230
45,980
23,250
1,063
810
253
1988
 
89
..........................
246,399
131,157
115,242
73,065
48,540
24,525
1,100
800
300
1989
 
90
..........................
248,698
132,329
116,369
76,676
50,585
26,091
1,093
818
275
1990
 
91
..........................
249,311
131,624
117,687
78,255
50,883
27,372
1,185
876
309
1991
 
92
..........................
256,603
135,440
121,163
84,642
54,705
29,937
1,242
953
289
1992
 
93
..........................
256,842
135,573
121,269
89,615
57,651
31,964
1,346
969
377
1993
 
94
..........................
246,654
129,161
117,493
93,437
59,335
34,102
1,364
980
384
1994
 
95
..........................
234,323
121,898
112,425
93,809
59,109
34,700
1,394
1,014
380
1995
 
96
..........................
227,102
116,842
110,260
93,982
58,685
35,297
1,368
974
394
1
Includes
degrees
in
business
management/
administrative
services;
marketing
operations
marketing
and
distribution;
and
consumer
and
personal
services.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
281.
 
Earned
degrees
in
communications
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
..........................
10,802
6,989
3,813
1,856
1,214
642
145
126
19
1971
 
72
..........................
12,340
7,964
4,376
2,200
1,443
757
111
96
15
1972
 
73
..........................
14,317
9,074
5,243
2,406
1,546
860
139
114
25
1973
 
74
..........................
17,096
10,536
6,560
2,640
1,668
972
175
146
29
1974
 
75
..........................
19,248
11,455
7,793
2,794
1,618
1,176
165
119
46
1975
 
76
..........................
21,282
12,458
8,824
3,126
1,818
1,308
204
154
50
1976
 
77
..........................
23,214
12,932
10,282
3,091
1,719
1,372
171
130
41
1977
 
78
..........................
25,400
13,480
11,920
3,296
1,673
1,623
191
138
53
1978
 
79
..........................
26,457
13,266
13,191
2,882
1,483
1,399
192
138
54
1979
 
80
..........................
28,616
13,656
14,960
3,082
1,527
1,555
193
121
72
1980
 
81
..........................
31,282
14,179
17,103
3,105
1,448
1,657
182
107
75
1981
 
82
..........................
34,222
14,917
19,305
3,327
1,578
1,749
200
136
64
1982
 
83
..........................
38,567
16,161
22,406
3,604
1,661
1,943
214
126
88
1983
 
84
..........................
40,113
16,604
23,509
3,656
1,600
2,056
219
131
88
1984
 
85
..........................
42,002
17,175
24,827
3,669
1,576
2,093
234
143
91
1985
 
86
..........................
43,076
17,639
25,437
3,823
1,610
2,213
223
116
107
1986
 
87
..........................
45,337
18,110
27,227
3,893
1,590
2,303
275
158
117
1987
 
88
..........................
46,649
18,527
28,122
3,925
1,568
2,357
234
134
100
1988
 
89
..........................
48,609
19,215
29,394
4,257
1,737
2,520
253
138
115
1989
 
90
..........................
51,308
20,218
31,090
4,362
1,707
2,655
273
145
128
1990
 
91
..........................
52,773
20,645
32,128
4,336
1,711
2,625
274
151
123
1991
 
92
..........................
54,977
21,497
33,480
4,464
1,692
2,772
255
132
123
1992
 
93
..........................
54,706
22,028
32,678
5,209
1,980
3,229
301
146
155
1993
 
94
..........................
51,827
21,359
30,468
5,419
2,098
3,321
345
174
171
1994
 
95
..........................
48,803
20,404
28,399
5,609
2,108
3,501
321
162
159
1995
 
96
..........................
48,003
19,760
28,243
5,604
2,171
3,433
345
190
155
1
Includes
degrees
in
communications,
general;
advertising;
journalism;
broadcast
journalism
public
relations
and
organizational
communications;
radio
and
television
broadcasting
other
communications;
and
communications
technologies.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
316
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
282.
 
Earned
degrees
in
computer
and
information
sciences
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
..........................
2,388
2,064
324
1,588
1,424
164
128
125
3
1971
 
72
..........................
3,402
2,941
461
1,977
1,752
225
167
155
12
1972
 
73
..........................
4,304
3,664
640
2,113
1,888
225
196
181
15
1973
 
74
..........................
4,756
3,976
780
2,276
1,983
293
198
189
9
1974
 
75
..........................
5,033
4,080
953
2,299
1,961
338
213
199
14
1975
 
76
..........................
5,652
4,534
1,118
2,603
2,226
377
244
221
23
1976
 
77
..........................
6,407
4,876
1,531
2,798
2,332
466
216
197
19
1977
 
78
..........................
7,201
5,349
1,852
3,038
2,471
567
196
181
15
1978
 
79
..........................
8,719
6,272
2,447
3,055
2,480
575
236
206
30
1979
 
80
..........................
11,154
7,782
3,372
3,647
2,883
764
240
213
27
1980
 
81
..........................
15,121
10,202
4,919
4,218
3,247
971
252
227
25
1981
 
82
..........................
20,267
13,218
7,049
4,935
3,625
1,310
251
230
21
1982
 
83
..........................
24,510
15,606
8,904
5,321
3,813
1,508
262
228
34
1983
 
84
..........................
32,172
20,246
11,926
6,190
4,379
1,811
251
225
26
1984
 
85
..........................
38,878
24,579
14,299
7,101
5,064
2,037
248
223
25
1985
 
86
..........................
41,889
26,923
14,966
8,070
5,658
2,412
344
299
45
1986
 
87
..........................
39,589
25,865
13,724
8,481
5,985
2,496
374
322
52
1987
 
88
..........................
34,523
23,331
11,192
9,197
6,726
2,471
428
380
48
1988
 
89
..........................
30,454
21,087
9,367
9,414
6,775
2,639
551
466
85
1989
 
90
..........................
27,257
19,117
8,140
9,677
6,960
2,717
627
534
93
1990
 
91
..........................
25,083
17,726
7,357
9,324
6,563
2,761
676
584
92
1991
 
92
..........................
24,557
17,510
7,047
9,530
6,884
2,646
772
669
103
1992
 
93
..........................
24,200
17,403
6,797
10,163
7,410
2,753
805
689
116
1993
 
94
..........................
24,200
17,317
6,883
10,416
7,724
2,692
810
685
125
1994
 
95
..........................
24,404
17,463
6,941
10,326
7,627
2,699
884
723
161
1995
 
96
..........................
24,098
17,468
6,630
10,151
7,444
2,707
867
741
126
1
Includes
degrees
in
computer
and
information
sciences,
general;
computer
programming
data
processing
technology/
technician;
information
science
and
systems;
computer
systems
analysis;
and
other
computer
and
information
sciences.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
283.
 
Earned
degrees
in
education
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
..........................
61,472
31,398
30,074
20,069
12,025
8,044
953
797
156
1959
 
60
..........................
89,002
25,556
63,446
33,433
18,057
15,376
1,591
1,279
312
1969
 
70
..........................
163,964
40,420
123,544
78,020
34,832
43,188
5,588
4,479
1,109
1970
 
71
..........................
176,307
44,896
131,411
87,666
38,365
49,301
6,041
4,771
1,270
1971
 
72
..........................
190,880
49,344
141,536
96,668
41,141
55,527
6,648
5,104
1,544
1972
 
73
..........................
193,984
51,300
142,684
103,777
43,298
60,479
6,857
5,191
1,666
1973
 
74
..........................
184,907
48,997
135,910
110,402
44,112
66,290
6,757
4,974
1,783
1974
 
75
..........................
166,758
44,463
122,295
117,841
44,430
73,411
6,975
4,856
2,119
1975
 
76
..........................
154,437
42,004
112,433
126,061
44,831
81,230
7,202
4,826
2,376
1976
 
77
..........................
143,234
39,867
103,367
124,267
42,308
81,959
7,338
4,832
2,506
1977
 
78
..........................
135,821
37,410
98,411
116,916
37,662
79,254
7,018
4,281
2,737
1978
 
79
..........................
125,873
33,743
92,130
109,866
34,410
75,456
7,170
4,174
2,996
1979
 
80
..........................
118,038
30,901
87,137
101,819
30,300
71,519
7,314
4,100
3,214
1980
 
81
..........................
108,074
27,039
81,035
96,713
27,548
69,165
7,279
3,843
3,436
1981
 
82
..........................
100,932
24,380
76,552
91,601
25,339
66,262
6,999
3,612
3,387
1982
 
83
..........................
97,895
23,644
74,251
83,250
22,823
60,427
7,057
3,547
3,510
1983
 
84
..........................
92,299
22,195
70,104
75,664
21,142
54,522
6,911
3,446
3,465
1984
 
85
..........................
88,072
21,252
66,820
74,654
20,537
54,117
6,612
3,172
3,440
1985
 
86
..........................
87,114
20,959
66,155
74,801
20,295
54,506
6,605
3,088
3,517
1986
 
87
..........................
86,936
20,729
66,207
74,045
19,293
54,752
6,407
2,931
3,476
1987
 
88
..........................
91,112
20,988
70,124
76,566
19,108
57,458
6,060
2,739
3,321
1988
 
89
..........................
96,913
21,662
75,251
81,174
19,956
61,218
6,337
2,704
3,633
1989
 
90
..........................
105,112
23,007
82,105
84,881
20,467
64,414
6,502
2,776
3,726
1990
 
91
..........................
110,807
23,417
87,390
87,343
20,448
66,895
6,187
2,613
3,574
1991
 
92
..........................
108,006
22,686
85,320
92,668
21,244
71,424
6,864
2,783
4,081
1992
 
93
..........................
107,781
23,233
84,548
96,028
22,197
73,831
7,030
2,867
4,163
1993
 
94
..........................
107,600
24,450
83,150
98,938
23,008
75,930
6,908
2,706
4,202
1994
 
95
..........................
106,079
25,641
80,438
101,242
23,806
77,436
6,905
2,621
4,284
1995
 
96
..........................
105,509
26,233
79,276
106,253
25,214
81,039
6,676
2,525
4,151
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
317
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
284.
 
Earned
degrees
in
engineering
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
..........................
52,246
52,071
175
4,496
4,481
15
417
416
1
1959
 
60
..........................
37,679
37,537
142
7,159
7,133
26
786
783
3
1969
 
70
..........................
44,479
44,149
330
15,593
15,421
172
3,681
3,657
24
1970
 
71
..........................
50,046
49,646
400
16,443
16,258
185
3,638
3,615
23
1971
 
72
..........................
51,164
50,638
526
16,960
16,688
272
3,671
3,649
22
1972
 
73
..........................
51,265
50,652
613
16,619
16,341
278
3,492
3,438
54
1973
 
74
..........................
50,286
49,490
796
15,379
15,023
356
3,312
3,257
55
1974
 
75
..........................
46,852
45,838
1,014
15,348
14,973
375
3,108
3,042
66
1975
 
76
..........................
46,331
44,871
1,460
16,342
15,760
582
2,821
2,755
66
1976
 
77
..........................
49,283
47,065
2,218
16,245
15,525
720
2,586
2,513
73
1977
 
78
..........................
55,654
51,945
3,709
16,398
15,533
865
2,440
2,383
57
1978
 
79
..........................
62,375
57,201
5,174
15,495
14,544
951
2,506
2,423
83
1979
 
80
..........................
68,893
62,488
6,405
16,243
15,101
1,142
2,507
2,412
95
1980
 
81
..........................
75,000
67,301
7,699
16,709
15,347
1,362
2,561
2,457
104
1981
 
82
..........................
80,005
70,899
9,106
17,939
16,311
1,628
2,636
2,496
140
1982
 
83
..........................
89,018
78,096
10,922
19,344
17,548
1,796
2,831
2,706
125
1983
 
84
..........................
94,185
82,092
12,093
20,655
18,500
2,155
2,981
2,816
165
1984
 
85
..........................
95,828
83,232
12,596
21,555
19,247
2,308
3,230
3,022
208
1985
 
86
..........................
95,660
83,117
12,543
21,657
19,165
2,492
3,410
3,181
229
1986
 
87
..........................
92,816
80,104
12,712
22,654
19,804
2,850
3,818
3,555
263
1987
 
88
..........................
88,506
76,372
12,134
23,385
20,476
2,909
4,191
3,898
293
1988
 
89
..........................
85,002
73,436
11,566
24,568
21,374
3,194
4,523
4,123
400
1989
 
90
..........................
81,322
70,071
11,251
24,772
21,357
3,415
4,981
4,536
445
1990
 
91
..........................
78,650
67,738
10,912
24,958
21,430
3,528
5,272
4,787
485
1991
 
92
..........................
77,541
66,716
10,825
25,977
22,143
3,834
5,499
4,972
527
1992
 
93
..........................
78,051
66,836
11,215
28,726
24,454
4,272
5,843
5,283
560
1993
 
94
..........................
78,225
66,597
11,628
29,754
25,154
4,600
5,979
5,315
664
1994
 
95
..........................
78,154
65,933
12,221
29,670
24,836
4,834
6,128
5,399
729
1995
 
96
..........................
77,437
64,956
12,481
28,566
23,641
4,925
6,380
5,580
800
1
Includes
degrees
in
engineering,
engineering­
related
technologies,
construction
trades,
and
mechanics
and
repairers
from
1969
 
70
through
1995
 
96.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
285.
 
Earned
degrees
in
chemical,
civil,
electrical,
and
mechanical
engineering
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Chemical
engineering
Civil
engineering
1
Electrical,
electronics,
and
communications
engineering
Mechanical
engineering
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1970
 
71
............
3,579
1,100
406
6,526
2,425
446
12,198
4,282
879
8,858
2,237
438
1971
 
72
............
3,625
1,154
394
6,803
2,487
415
12,101
4,206
824
8,530
2,282
411
1972
 
73
............
3,578
1,051
397
7,390
2,627
397
12,313
3,895
791
8,523
2,141
370
1973
 
74
............
3,399
1,044
400
8,017
2,652
368
11,316
3,499
705
7,677
1,843
385
1974
 
75
............
3,070
990
346
7,651
2,769
356
10,161
3,469
701
6,890
1,858
340
1975
 
76
............
3,140
1,031
308
7,923
2,999
370
9,791
3,774
649
6,800
1,907
305
1976
 
77
............
3,524
1,086
291
8,228
2,964
309
9,936
3,788
566
7,703
1,952
283
1977
 
78
............
4,569
1,235
259
9,135
2,685
277
11,133
3,740
503
8,875
1,942
279
1978
 
79
............
5,568
1,149
304
9,809
2,646
253
12,338
3,591
586
10,107
1,877
271
1979
 
80
............
6,320
1,270
284
10,326
2,683
270
13,821
3,836
525
11,808
2,060
281
1980
 
81
............
6,527
1,267
300
10,678
2,891
325
14,938
3,901
535
13,329
2,291
276
1981
 
82
............
6,740
1,285
311
10,524
2,995
329
16,455
4,462
526
13,922
2,399
333
1982
 
83
............
7,185
1,368
319
9,989
3,074
340
18,049
4,531
550
15,675
2,511
299
1983
 
84
............
7,475
1,514
330
9,693
3,146
369
19,943
5,078
585
16,629
2,797
319
1984
 
85
............
7,146
1,544
418
9,162
3,172
377
21,691
5,153
660
16,794
3,053
409
1985
 
86
............
5,877
1,361
446
8,679
2,926
395
23,742
5,534
722
16,194
3,075
426
1986
 
87
............
4,991
1,184
497
8,147
2,901
451
24,547
6,183
724
15,450
3,198
528
1987
 
88
............
3,917
1,088
579
7,488
2,836
481
23,597
6,688
860
14,900
3,329
596
1988
 
89
............
3,663
1,093
602
7,312
2,903
505
21,908
7,028
998
14,843
3,498
633
1989
 
90
............
3,430
1,035
562
7,252
2,812
516
20,711
7,225
1,162
14,336
3,424
742
1990
 
91
............
3,444
903
611
7,314
2,927
536
19,320
7,095
1,220
13,977
3,516
757
1991
 
92
............
3,754
956
590
8,034
3,113
540
17,958
7,360
1,282
14,067
3,653
851
1992
 
93
............
4,459
990
595
8,868
3,610
577
17,281
7,870
1,413
14,464
3,982
871
1993
 
94
............
5,163
1,032
604
9,479
3,873
651
15,823
7,791
1,470
15,030
4,099
887
1994
 
95
............
5,901
1,085
571
9,927
4,077
625
14,929
7,693
1,543
14,794
4,213
890
1995
 
96
............
6,319
1,176
670
10,607
3,905
616
13,900
7,103
1,591
14,177
3,881
940
1
From
1970
 
71
to
1981
 
82
includes
``
construction
and
transportation
engineering.''

NOTE.
 
Degrees
in
engineering­
related
technologies
are
not
included
in
this
tabulation
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
318
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
286.
 
Earned
degrees
in
English
language
and
literature/
letters
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
...............
17,240
8,221
9,019
2,259
1,320
939
230
181
49
1959
 
60
...............
20,128
7,580
12,548
2,931
1,458
1,473
397
314
83
1969
 
70
...............
56,410
18,650
37,760
8,517
3,326
5,191
1,213
837
376
1970
 
71
...............
64,342
22,155
42,187
10,686
4,211
6,475
1,650
1,175
475
1971
 
72
...............
63,976
22,657
41,319
10,579
4,123
6,456
1,826
1,233
593
1972
 
73
...............
61,003
22,156
38,847
10,239
4,063
6,176
1,935
1,258
677
1973
 
74
...............
54,590
20,214
34,376
9,803
3,917
5,886
1,885
1,208
677
1974
 
75
...............
47,619
17,880
29,739
9,444
3,569
5,875
1,711
1,025
686
1975
 
76
...............
42,006
16,073
25,933
8,809
3,383
5,426
1,672
967
705
1976
 
77
...............
37,794
14,295
23,499
8,016
2,985
5,031
1,508
841
667
1977
 
78
...............
35,328
13,137
22,191
7,655
2,706
4,949
1,400
758
642
1978
 
79
...............
33,561
12,198
21,363
6,684
2,369
4,315
1,314
708
606
1979
 
80
...............
32,541
11,380
21,161
6,189
2,233
3,956
1,294
686
608
1980
 
81
...............
32,254
11,198
21,056
5,929
2,092
3,837
1,164
553
611
1981
 
82
...............
33,419
11,414
22,005
5,772
1,983
3,789
1,101
511
590
1982
 
83
...............
31,829
10,859
20,970
5,048
1,710
3,338
991
471
520
1983
 
84
...............
32,834
11,170
21,664
5,010
1,736
3,274
1,018
459
559
1984
 
85
...............
33,218
11,334
21,884
5,187
1,786
3,401
1,041
470
571
1985
 
86
...............
34,552
11,819
22,733
5,518
1,881
3,637
991
428
563
1986
 
87
...............
36,284
12,353
23,931
5,483
1,891
3,592
961
415
546
1987
 
88
...............
38,661
12,836
25,825
5,562
1,870
3,692
981
428
553
1988
 
89
...............
42,470
13,927
28,543
5,950
2,002
3,948
1,022
458
564
1989
 
90
...............
47,519
15,662
31,857
6,567
2,205
4,362
1,078
480
598
1990
 
91
...............
51,841
17,146
34,695
7,026
2,296
4,730
1,184
517
667
1991
 
92
...............
54,951
18,536
36,415
7,450
2,513
4,937
1,273
537
736
1992
 
93
...............
56,133
19,247
36,886
7,790
2,667
5,123
1,341
550
791
1993
 
94
...............
53,924
18,425
35,499
7,885
2,712
5,173
1,344
568
776
1994
 
95
...............
51,901
17,810
34,091
7,845
2,764
5,081
1,561
665
896
1995
 
96
...............
50,698
17,253
33,445
7,893
2,814
5,079
1,535
590
945
1
Includes
degrees
conferred
in
English
language
and
literature,
general;
comparative
literature;
English
composition;
English
creative
writing;
American
literature;
English
literature
speech
and
rhetorical
studies;
English
technical
and
business
writing;
and
English
language
and
literature/
letters,
other.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
287.
 
Earned
degrees
in
modern
foreign
languages
and
literatures
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
..........................
4,477
1,746
2,731
919
456
463
168
135
33
1959
 
60
..........................
4,527
1,548
2,979
832
392
440
150
100
50
1969
 
70
..........................
19,457
4,921
14,536
4,154
1,476
2,678
590
369
221
1970
 
71
..........................
19,055
4,734
14,321
4,407
1,492
2,915
703
425
278
1971
 
72
..........................
18,137
4,445
13,692
4,277
1,449
2,828
753
466
287
1972
 
73
..........................
18,232
4,347
13,885
3,992
1,407
2,585
889
519
370
1973
 
74
..........................
18,252
4,276
13,976
3,793
1,252
2,541
875
487
388
1974
 
75
..........................
17,115
3,912
13,203
3,672
1,179
2,493
829
442
387
1975
 
76
..........................
15,079
3,495
11,584
3,359
1,095
2,264
830
429
401
1976
 
77
..........................
13,626
3,225
10,401
2,986
886
2,100
728
347
381
1977
 
78
..........................
12,448
2,938
9,510
2,653
768
1,885
626
282
344
1978
 
79
..........................
11,531
2,705
8,826
2,338
685
1,653
625
287
338
1979
 
80
..........................
10,816
2,583
8,233
2,152
628
1,524
522
217
305
1980
 
81
..........................
10,050
2,402
7,648
2,018
657
1,361
556
259
297
1981
 
82
..........................
9,576
2,278
7,298
1,913
571
1,342
495
220
275
1982
 
83
..........................
9,334
2,343
6,991
1,597
528
1,069
451
183
268
1983
 
84
..........................
9,152
2,399
6,753
1,640
512
1,128
424
191
233
1984
 
85
..........................
9,675
2,529
7,146
1,611
503
1,108
387
156
231
1985
 
86
..........................
9,808
2,685
7,123
1,655
482
1,173
426
173
253
1986
 
87
..........................
9,858
2,655
7,203
1,692
491
1,201
403
162
241
1987
 
88
..........................
9,790
2,628
7,162
1,795
564
1,231
380
159
221
1988
 
89
..........................
10,498
2,767
7,731
1,821
552
1,269
389
145
244
1989
 
90
..........................
11,092
2,902
8,190
1,931
584
1,347
475
183
292
1990
 
91
..........................
11,724
3,207
8,517
1,973
595
1,378
477
200
277
1991
 
92
..........................
12,367
3,390
8,977
2,119
652
1,467
537
222
315
1992
 
93
..........................
12,819
3,537
9,282
2,353
744
1,609
535
210
325
1993
 
94
..........................
12,785
3,672
9,113
2,343
712
1,631
578
208
370
1994
 
95
..........................
12,309
3,666
8,643
2,306
688
1,618
626
250
376
1995
 
96
..........................
13,020
3,916
9,104
2,443
789
1,654
636
261
375
1
Includes
degrees
conferred
in
a
single
language
or
a
combination
of
modern
foreign
languages.
Excludes
degrees
in
linguistics,
Latin,
classical
Greek,
and
``
other''
foreign
languages.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
319
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
288.
 
Earned
degrees
in
French,
German,
and
Spanish
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
French
German
Spanish
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
...............
1,471
299
53
540
121
40
2,122
373
34
1959
 
60
...............
1,927
316
58
659
126
21
1,610
261
31
1969
 
70
...............
7,624
1,409
181
2,652
669
118
7,226
1,372
139
1970
 
71
...............
7,306
1,437
192
2,601
690
144
7,068
1,456
168
1971
 
72
...............
6,822
1,421
193
2,477
608
167
6,847
1,421
152
1972
 
73
...............
6,705
1,277
203
2,520
598
176
7,209
1,298
206
1973
 
74
...............
6,263
1,195
213
2,425
550
149
7,250
1,217
203
1974
 
75
...............
5,745
1,077
200
2,289
480
147
6,719
1,228
202
1975
 
76
...............
4,783
914
190
1,983
471
164
5,984
1,080
176
1976
 
77
...............
4,228
875
177
1,820
394
126
5,359
930
153
1977
 
78
...............
3,708
692
155
1,647
357
101
4,832
822
113
1978
 
79
...............
3,558
576
143
1,524
344
106
4,563
720
118
1979
 
80
...............
3,285
513
128
1,466
309
94
4,331
685
103
1980
 
81
...............
3,178
460
115
1,286
294
79
3,870
592
131
1981
 
82
...............
3,054
485
92
1,327
324
76
3,633
568
140
1982
 
83
...............
2,871
360
106
1,367
281
68
3,349
506
129
1983
 
84
...............
2,876
418
86
1,292
241
63
3,254
537
102
1984
 
85
...............
2,991
385
74
1,411
240
58
3,415
505
115
1985
 
86
...............
3,015
409
86
1,396
249
73
3,385
521
95
1986
 
87
...............
3,062
421
85
1,366
234
70
3,450
504
104
1987
 
88
...............
3,082
437
89
1,350
244
71
3,416
553
93
1988
 
89
...............
3,297
444
83
1,428
263
59
3,748
552
101
1989
 
90
...............
3,259
478
115
1,437
253
67
4,176
573
108
1990
 
91
...............
3,355
480
98
1,543
242
58
4,480
609
125
1991
 
92
...............
3,371
465
112
1,616
273
85
4,768
647
143
1992
 
93
...............
3,280
513
98
1,572
317
86
5,233
667
145
1993
 
94
...............
3,094
479
104
1,580
298
61
5,505
691
160
1994
 
95
...............
2,764
470
118
1,352
278
83
5,602
709
161
1995
 
96
...............
2,655
446
113
1,290
305
75
5,995
769
151
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
289.
 
Earned
degrees
in
the
health
professions
and
related
sciences
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
...............
25,226
5,788
19,438
5,749
2,567
3,182
466
389
77
1971
 
72
...............
28,611
7,005
21,606
7,207
3,141
4,066
442
362
80
1972
 
73
...............
33,564
7,754
25,810
8,362
3,567
4,795
646
485
161
1973
 
74
...............
41,459
9,388
32,071
9,599
3,819
5,780
578
447
131
1974
 
75
...............
49,090
10,930
38,160
10,692
4,092
6,600
618
441
177
1975
 
76
...............
53,958
11,456
42,502
12,556
4,217
8,339
577
411
166
1976
 
77
...............
57,328
11,947
45,381
12,951
4,163
8,788
538
366
172
1977
 
78
...............
59,434
11,593
47,841
14,325
4,265
10,060
654
402
252
1978
 
79
...............
62,085
11,205
50,880
15,485
4,494
10,991
718
454
264
1979
 
80
...............
63,920
11,391
52,529
15,704
4,357
11,347
786
435
351
1980
 
81
...............
63,649
10,519
53,130
16,515
4,316
12,199
842
475
367
1981
 
82
...............
63,653
10,105
53,548
16,503
4,006
12,497
925
503
422
1982
 
83
...............
64,685
10,218
54,467
17,047
4,235
12,812
1,155
649
506
1983
 
84
...............
64,288
10,040
54,248
17,411
4,251
13,160
1,164
574
590
1984
 
85
...............
64,422
9,741
54,681
17,385
4,119
13,266
1,199
565
634
1985
 
86
...............
64,396
9,630
54,766
18,573
4,428
14,145
1,241
604
637
1986
 
87
...............
63,103
9,134
53,969
18,394
3,874
14,520
1,213
564
649
1987
 
88
...............
60,644
8,929
51,715
18,657
4,047
14,610
1,261
548
713
1988
 
89
...............
59,005
8,872
50,133
19,268
4,226
15,042
1,437
609
828
1989
 
90
...............
58,302
9,118
49,184
20,321
4,534
15,787
1,536
704
832
1990
 
91
...............
59,070
9,596
49,474
21,200
4,444
16,756
1,613
694
919
1991
 
92
...............
61,720
10,189
51,531
23,065
4,691
18,374
1,661
698
963
1992
 
93
...............
67,089
11,347
55,742
25,718
5,227
20,491
1,767
753
1,014
1993
 
94
...............
74,421
13,062
61,359
28,025
5,814
22,211
1,902
789
1,113
1994
 
95
...............
79,855
14,443
65,412
31,243
6,754
24,489
2,069
867
1,202
1995
 
96
...............
84,036
15,432
68,604
33,398
7,021
26,377
2,119
919
1,200
1
Includes
degrees
in
chiropractic;
communication
disorders
sciences;
community
health
liaison;
dentistry;
dental
services;
health
services
administration;
health
and
medical
assistants;
health
and
medical
diagnostic
and
treatment
services;
medical
laboratory
technologies;
predentistry;
premedicine;
prepharmacy;
preveterinary;
medical
basic
sciences;
mental
health
services;
nursing;
optometry;
pharmacy;
epidemiology;
rehabilitation
and
therapeutic
services;
veterinary
medicine;
and
other
health
professions.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
320
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
290.
 
Earned
degrees
in
mathematics
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
..........................
6,382
4,942
1,440
974
784
190
160
151
9
1959
 
60
..........................
11,399
8,293
3,106
1,757
1,422
335
303
285
18
1969
 
70
..........................
27,442
17,177
10,265
5,636
3,966
1,670
1,236
1,140
96
1970
 
71
..........................
24,937
15,498
9,439
5,695
4,149
1,546
1,249
1,154
95
1971
 
72
..........................
23,807
14,542
9,265
5,537
3,976
1,561
1,165
1,075
90
1972
 
73
..........................
23,186
13,910
9,276
5,397
3,878
1,519
1,089
987
102
1973
 
74
..........................
21,761
12,912
8,849
5,306
3,784
1,522
1,093
992
101
1974
 
75
..........................
18,460
10,853
7,607
4,816
3,358
1,458
1,048
936
112
1975
 
76
..........................
16,329
9,788
6,541
4,315
2,961
1,354
909
812
97
1976
 
77
..........................
14,395
8,476
5,919
4,109
2,762
1,347
859
748
111
1977
 
78
..........................
13,065
7,806
5,259
3,862
2,635
1,227
848
722
126
1978
 
79
..........................
12,329
7,301
5,028
3,553
2,412
1,141
769
644
125
1979
 
80
..........................
11,872
6,951
4,921
3,382
2,262
1,120
763
659
104
1980
 
81
..........................
11,433
6,614
4,819
3,074
2,106
968
775
656
119
1981
 
82
..........................
12,226
6,999
5,227
3,263
2,257
1,006
721
623
98
1982
 
83
..........................
12,719
7,175
5,544
3,398
2,316
1,082
731
611
120
1983
 
84
..........................
13,764
7,716
6,048
3,244
2,178
1,066
743
614
129
1984
 
85
..........................
15,861
8,537
7,324
3,413
2,289
1,124
734
620
114
1985
 
86
..........................
17,147
9,216
7,931
3,607
2,397
1,210
777
648
129
1986
 
87
..........................
16,999
9,110
7,889
3,730
2,328
1,402
759
628
131
1987
 
88
..........................
16,608
8,919
7,689
3,867
2,391
1,476
796
668
128
1988
 
89
..........................
15,994
8,662
7,332
3,903
2,418
1,485
915
737
178
1989
 
90
..........................
15,176
8,236
6,940
4,146
2,568
1,578
966
794
172
1990
 
91
..........................
15,310
8,178
7,132
4,041
2,446
1,595
1,036
837
199
1991
 
92
..........................
14,783
7,888
6,895
4,011
2,452
1,559
1,082
851
231
1992
 
93
..........................
14,812
7,827
6,985
4,067
2,455
1,612
1,189
906
283
1993
 
94
..........................
14,396
7,735
6,661
4,100
2,536
1,564
1,157
904
253
1994
 
95
..........................
13,723
7,295
6,428
4,181
2,543
1,638
1,226
955
271
1995
 
96
..........................
13,143
7,134
6,009
4,031
2,465
1,566
1,209
962
247
1
Includes
degrees
conferred
in
statistics.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
291.
 
Earned
degrees
in
the
physical
sciences
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1959
 
60
..........................
16,007
14,013
1,994
3,376
3,049
327
1,838
1,776
62
1969
 
70
..........................
21,439
18,522
2,917
5,935
5,093
842
4,312
4,077
235
1970
 
71
..........................
21,412
18,459
2,953
6,367
5,521
846
4,390
4,144
246
1971
 
72
..........................
20,745
17,663
3,082
6,287
5,404
883
4,103
3,830
273
1972
 
73
..........................
20,696
17,626
3,070
6,257
5,414
843
4,006
3,738
268
1973
 
74
..........................
21,178
17,674
3,504
6,062
5,186
876
3,626
3,373
253
1974
 
75
..........................
20,778
16,992
3,786
5,807
4,969
838
3,626
3,325
301
1975
 
76
..........................
21,465
17,353
4,112
5,466
4,648
818
3,431
3,132
299
1976
 
77
..........................
22,497
17,996
4,501
5,331
4,450
881
3,341
3,022
319
1977
 
78
..........................
22,986
18,090
4,896
5,561
4,620
941
3,133
2,821
312
1978
 
79
..........................
23,207
17,985
5,222
5,451
4,461
990
3,102
2,752
350
1979
 
80
..........................
23,410
17,864
5,546
5,219
4,248
971
3,089
2,705
384
1980
 
81
..........................
23,952
18,064
5,888
5,284
4,200
1,084
3,141
2,765
376
1981
 
82
..........................
24,052
17,866
6,186
5,514
4,318
1,196
3,286
2,835
451
1982
 
83
..........................
23,381
16,993
6,388
5,290
4,157
1,133
3,269
2,811
458
1983
 
84
..........................
23,651
17,116
6,535
5,576
4,268
1,308
3,306
2,815
491
1984
 
85
..........................
23,704
17,069
6,635
5,796
4,452
1,344
3,403
2,851
552
1985
 
86
..........................
21,717
15,755
5,962
5,902
4,470
1,432
3,551
2,963
588
1986
 
87
..........................
20,070
14,372
5,698
5,629
4,219
1,410
3,673
3,039
634
1987
 
88
..........................
17,806
12,389
5,417
5,733
4,324
1,409
3,809
3,123
686
1988
 
89
..........................
17,186
12,077
5,109
5,723
4,199
1,524
3,858
3,088
770
1989
 
90
..........................
16,066
11,031
5,035
5,449
4,010
1,439
4,164
3,356
808
1990
 
91
..........................
16,344
11,176
5,168
5,309
3,837
1,472
4,290
3,447
843
1991
 
92
..........................
16,960
11,431
5,529
5,374
3,909
1,465
4,391
3,429
962
1992
 
93
..........................
17,545
11,825
5,720
5,366
3,808
1,558
4,393
3,432
961
1993
 
94
..........................
18,400
12,223
6,177
5,679
4,018
1,661
4,650
3,642
1,008
1994
 
95
..........................
19,177
12,497
6,680
5,753
4,013
1,740
4,483
3,428
1,055
1995
 
96
..........................
19,647
12,578
7,069
5,847
3,966
1,881
4,571
3,515
1,056
1
Includes
degrees
in
physical
sciences,
general;
astronomy;
astrophysics;
atmospheric
science
and
meteorology;
chemistry;
geology;
miscellaneous
physical
sciences;
physics;
science
technologies;
and
other
physical
sciences.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
321
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
292.
 
Earned
degrees
in
chemistry,
geology,
and
physics
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Chemistry
Geology
1
Physics
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
..........................
11,063
2,275
2,159
2,414
651
324
5,071
2,188
1,482
1971
 
72
..........................
10,590
2,248
1,971
2,573
841
310
4,634
2,033
1,344
1972
 
73
..........................
10,128
2,225
1,872
2,923
827
305
4,259
1,747
1,338
1973
 
74
..........................
10,438
2,125
1,823
3,253
938
315
3,952
1,655
1,115
1974
 
75
..........................
10,549
1,986
1,822
3,319
932
292
3,706
1,574
1,080
1975
 
76
..........................
11,022
1,783
1,621
3,358
1,003
313
3,544
1,451
997
1976
 
77
..........................
11,215
1,767
1,568
3,879
1,047
325
3,420
1,319
945
1977
 
78
..........................
11,315
1,886
1,521
4,342
1,239
268
3,330
1,294
873
1978
 
79
..........................
11,509
1,757
1,516
4,502
1,300
286
3,337
1,319
918
1979
 
80
..........................
11,232
1,723
1,545
4,597
1,295
313
3,396
1,192
830
1980
 
81
..........................
11,347
1,654
1,622
5,202
1,396
294
3,441
1,294
866
1981
 
82
..........................
11,062
1,751
1,722
5,538
1,540
282
3,472
1,284
873
1982
 
83
..........................
10,796
1,622
1,746
6,102
1,552
295
3,793
1,369
873
1983
 
84
..........................
10,704
1,667
1,744
6,549
1,514
315
3,907
1,532
953
1984
 
85
..........................
10,482
1,719
1,789
6,308
1,692
289
4,097
1,523
951
1985
 
86
..........................
10,116
1,754
1,908
4,974
1,767
271
4,180
1,501
1,010
1986
 
87
..........................
9,670
1,738
1,976
3,665
1,603
280
4,318
1,543
1,074
1987
 
88
..........................
9,052
1,708
1,995
2,551
1,523
350
4,100
1,675
1,093
1988
 
89
..........................
8,625
1,774
2,037
2,252
1,404
358
4,352
1,736
1,112
1989
 
90
..........................
8,132
1,682
2,183
1,767
1,200
414
4,155
1,831
1,192
1990
 
91
..........................
8,321
1,665
2,238
1,784
1,089
446
4,236
1,725
1,209
1991
 
92
..........................
8,641
1,780
2,280
2,078
990
413
4,098
1,834
1,337
1992
 
93
..........................
8,914
1,842
2,261
2,299
925
406
4,063
1,777
1,277
1993
 
94
..........................
9,425
1,999
2,353
2,677
937
422
4,001
1,945
1,465
1994
 
95
..........................
9,722
2,099
2,273
3,118
993
398
3,823
1,817
1,424
1995
 
96
..........................
10,415
2,254
2,287
3,190
991
372
3,679
1,678
1,462
1
Includes
geology,
geochemistry,
and
geophysics
and
seismology.
Beginning
in
1982
 
83,
also
includes
other
geological
sciences.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
293.
 
Earned
degrees
in
psychology
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
by
sex
of
student:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1949
 
50
..........................
9,569
6,055
3,514
1,316
948
368
283
241
42
1959
 
60
..........................
8,061
4,773
3,288
1,406
981
425
641
544
97
1969
 
70
..........................
33,679
19,077
14,602
5,158
2,975
2,183
1,962
1,505
457
1970
 
71
..........................
38,187
21,227
16,960
5,717
3,395
2,322
2,144
1,629
515
1971
 
72
..........................
43,433
23,352
20,081
6,764
3,934
2,830
2,277
1,694
583
1972
 
73
..........................
47,940
25,117
22,823
7,619
4,325
3,294
2,550
1,797
753
1973
 
74
..........................
52,139
25,868
26,271
8,796
4,983
3,813
2,872
1,987
885
1974
 
75
..........................
51,245
24,284
26,961
9,394
5,035
4,359
2,913
1,979
934
1975
 
76
..........................
50,278
22,898
27,380
10,167
5,136
5,031
3,157
2,115
1,042
1976
 
77
..........................
47,861
20,627
27,234
10,859
5,293
5,566
3,386
2,127
1,259
1977
 
78
..........................
44,879
18,422
26,457
10,282
4,670
5,612
3,164
1,974
1,190
1978
 
79
..........................
42,697
16,540
26,157
10,132
4,405
5,727
3,228
1,895
1,333
1979
 
80
..........................
42,093
15,440
26,653
9,938
4,096
5,842
3,395
1,921
1,474
1980
 
81
..........................
41,068
14,332
26,736
10,223
4,066
6,157
3,576
2,002
1,574
1981
 
82
..........................
41,212
13,645
27,567
9,947
3,823
6,124
3,461
1,856
1,605
1982
 
83
..........................
40,460
13,131
27,329
9,981
3,647
6,334
3,602
1,838
1,764
1983
 
84
..........................
39,955
12,812
27,143
9,525
3,400
6,125
3,535
1,774
1,761
1984
 
85
..........................
39,900
12,706
27,194
9,891
3,452
6,439
3,447
1,739
1,708
1985
 
86
..........................
40,628
12,605
28,023
9,845
3,347
6,498
3,593
1,724
1,869
1986
 
87
..........................
42,994
13,362
29,632
9,562
3,172
6,390
3,560
1,615
1,945
1987
 
88
..........................
45,187
13,538
31,649
9,180
2,923
6,257
3,480
1,573
1,907
1988
 
89
..........................
48,910
14,246
34,664
9,940
3,122
6,818
3,685
1,590
2,095
1989
 
90
..........................
53,952
15,336
38,616
10,730
3,377
7,353
3,811
1,566
2,245
1990
 
91
..........................
58,655
16,067
42,588
11,349
3,329
8,020
3,932
1,520
2,412
1991
 
92
..........................
63,513
17,031
46,482
10,215
2,988
7,227
3,373
1,359
2,014
1992
 
93
..........................
66,728
17,908
48,820
10,957
3,029
7,928
3,651
1,415
2,236
1993
 
94
..........................
69,259
18,642
50,617
12,181
3,401
8,780
3,563
1,346
2,217
1994
 
95
..........................
72,083
19,548
52,535
13,921
3,893
10,028
3,822
1,431
2,391
1995
 
96
..........................
73,291
19,817
53,474
13,792
3,813
9,979
3,711
1,259
2,452
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
322
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
294.
 
Earned
degrees
in
public
administration
and
services
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
...............
5,466
1,726
3,740
7,785
3,893
3,892
174
132
42
1971
 
72
...............
7,508
2,588
4,920
8,756
4,537
4,219
193
150
43
1972
 
73
...............
10,690
3,998
6,692
10,068
5,271
4,797
198
160
38
1973
 
74
...............
11,966
4,266
7,700
11,415
6,028
5,387
201
154
47
1974
 
75
...............
13,661
4,630
9,031
13,617
7,200
6,417
257
192
65
1975
 
76
...............
15,440
5,706
9,734
15,209
7,969
7,240
292
192
100
1976
 
77
...............
16,136
5,544
10,592
17,026
8,810
8,216
292
197
95
1977
 
78
...............
16,607
5,096
11,511
17,337
8,513
8,824
357
237
120
1978
 
79
...............
17,328
4,938
12,390
17,306
8,051
9,255
315
215
100
1979
 
80
...............
16,644
4,451
12,193
17,560
7,866
9,694
342
216
126
1980
 
81
...............
16,707
4,248
12,459
17,803
7,460
10,343
362
212
150
1981
 
82
...............
16,495
4,176
12,319
17,416
6,975
10,441
372
205
167
1982
 
83
...............
14,414
3,343
11,071
16,046
5,961
10,085
347
184
163
1983
 
84
...............
12,570
2,998
9,572
15,060
5,634
9,426
420
230
190
1984
 
85
...............
11,754
2,829
8,925
15,575
5,573
10,002
431
213
218
1985
 
86
...............
11,887
2,966
8,921
15,692
5,594
10,098
382
171
211
1986
 
87
...............
12,328
2,993
9,335
16,432
5,673
10,759
398
216
182
1987
 
88
...............
12,385
2,923
9,462
16,424
5,631
10,793
470
238
232
1988
 
89
...............
13,162
3,214
9,948
17,020
5,615
11,405
428
210
218
1989
 
90
...............
13,908
3,334
10,574
17,399
5,634
11,765
508
235
273
1990
 
91
...............
14,350
3,215
11,135
17,905
5,679
12,226
430
190
240
1991
 
92
...............
15,987
3,479
12,508
19,243
5,769
13,474
432
204
228
1992
 
93
...............
16,775
3,801
12,974
20,634
6,105
14,529
459
215
244
1993
 
94
...............
17,815
3,919
13,896
21,833
6,406
15,427
519
238
281
1994
 
95
...............
18,586
3,935
14,651
23,501
6,870
16,631
556
274
282
1995
 
96
...............
19,849
4,205
15,644
24,229
6,927
17,302
499
220
279
1
Includes
degrees
in
public
administration;
community
organization,
resources
and
services;
public
policy
analysis;
social
work;
and
public
affairs,
other.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
295.
 
Earned
degrees
in
the
social
sciences
and
history
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
...............
155,324
98,173
57,151
16,539
11,833
4,706
3,660
3,153
507
1971
 
72
...............
158,060
100,895
57,165
17,445
12,540
4,905
4,081
3,483
598
1972
 
73
...............
155,970
99,735
56,235
17,477
12,605
4,872
4,234
3,573
661
1973
 
74
...............
150,320
95,650
54,670
17,293
12,321
4,972
4,124
3,383
741
1974
 
75
...............
135,190
84,826
50,364
16,977
11,875
5,102
4,212
3,334
878
1975
 
76
...............
126,396
78,691
47,705
15,953
10,918
5,035
4,157
3,262
895
1976
 
77
...............
117,040
71,128
45,912
15,533
10,413
5,120
3,802
2,957
845
1977
 
78
...............
112,952
67,217
45,735
14,718
9,845
4,873
3,594
2,722
872
1978
 
79
...............
108,059
62,852
45,207
12,963
8,395
4,568
3,371
2,501
870
1979
 
80
...............
103,662
58,511
45,151
12,176
7,794
4,382
3,230
2,357
873
1980
 
81
...............
100,513
56,131
44,382
11,945
7,457
4,488
3,122
2,274
848
1981
 
82
...............
99,705
55,196
44,509
12,002
7,468
4,534
3,061
2,237
824
1982
 
83
...............
95,228
52,771
42,457
11,205
6,974
4,231
2,931
2,042
889
1983
 
84
...............
93,323
52,154
41,169
10,577
6,551
4,026
2,911
2,030
881
1984
 
85
...............
91,570
51,226
40,344
10,503
6,475
4,028
2,851
1,933
918
1985
 
86
...............
93,840
52,724
41,116
10,564
6,419
4,145
2,955
1,970
985
1986
 
87
...............
96,342
53,949
42,393
10,506
6,373
4,133
2,916
2,026
890
1987
 
88
...............
100,460
56,377
44,083
10,412
6,310
4,102
2,781
1,849
932
1988
 
89
...............
108,151
60,121
48,030
11,023
6,599
4,424
2,885
1,949
936
1989
 
90
...............
118,083
65,887
52,196
11,634
6,898
4,736
3,010
2,019
991
1990
 
91
...............
125,107
68,701
56,406
12,233
7,016
5,217
3,012
1,956
1,056
1991
 
92
...............
133,974
73,001
60,973
12,702
7,237
5,465
3,218
2,126
1,092
1992
 
93
...............
135,703
73,589
62,114
13,471
7,671
5,800
3,460
2,203
1,257
1993
 
94
...............
133,680
72,006
61,674
14,561
8,152
6,409
3,627
2,317
1,310
1994
 
95
...............
128,154
68,139
60,015
14,845
8,207
6,638
3,725
2,319
1,406
1995
 
96
...............
126,479
65,872
60,607
15,012
8,093
6,919
3,760
2,339
1,421
1
Includes
degrees
in
social
sciences,
general;
anthropology;
archeology;
criminology;
demography
and
population
studies;
economics;
geography;
history;
international
relations
and
affairs;
political
science
and
government;
sociology;
urban
affairs/
studies;
and
social
sciences
and
history,
other.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
323
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
296.
 
Earned
degrees
in
economics,
history,
political
science
and
government,
and
sociology
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree:
1949
 
50
to
1995
 
96
Year
Economics
History
Political
science
and
government
1
Sociology
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1949
 
50
....................
14,568
921
200
13,542
1,801
275
6,336
710
127
7,870
552
98
1955
 
56
....................
6,555
581
232
10,510
1,114
259
5,633
509
203
5,878
402
170
1959
 
60
....................
7,453
708
237
14,737
1,794
342
6,596
722
201
7,147
440
161
1961
 
62
....................
8,366
853
268
17,340
2,163
343
8,326
839
214
8,120
578
173
1963
 
64
....................
10,583
1,104
385
23,668
2,705
507
12,126
1,163
263
10,943
646
198
1965
 
66
....................
11,555
1,522
458
28,612
3,883
599
15,242
1,429
336
15,038
981
244
1967
 
68
....................
15,193
1,916
600
35,291
4,845
688
20,387
1,937
457
21,710
1,193
367
1969
 
70
....................
17,197
1,988
794
43,386
5,049
1,038
25,713
2,105
525
30,436
1,813
534
1970
 
71
....................
15,758
1,995
721
44,663
5,157
991
27,482
2,318
700
33,263
1,808
574
1971
 
72
....................
15,231
2,224
794
43,695
5,217
1,133
28,135
2,451
758
35,216
1,944
636
1972
 
73
....................
14,770
2,225
845
40,943
5,030
1,140
30,100
2,398
747
35,436
1,923
583
1973
 
74
....................
14,285
2,141
788
37,049
4,533
1,114
30,744
2,448
766
35,491
2,196
632
1974
 
75
....................
14,046
2,127
815
31,470
4,226
1,117
29,126
2,333
680
31,488
2,112
693
1975
 
76
....................
14,741
2,087
763
28,400
3,658
1,014
28,302
2,191
723
27,634
2,009
729
1976
 
77
....................
15,296
2,158
758
25,433
3,393
921
26,411
2,222
641
24,713
1,830
714
1977
 
78
....................
15,661
1,995
706
23,004
3,033
813
26,069
2,069
636
22,750
1,611
599
1978
 
79
....................
16,409
1,955
712
21,019
2,536
756
25,628
2,037
563
20,285
1,415
612
1979
 
80
....................
17,863
1,821
677
19,301
2,367
712
25,457
1,938
535
18,881
1,341
583
1980
 
81
....................
18,753
1,911
727
18,301
2,237
643
24,977
1,875
484
17,272
1,240
610
1981
 
82
....................
19,876
1,964
677
17,146
2,210
636
25,658
1,954
513
16,042
1,145
558
1982
 
83
....................
20,517
1,972
734
16,467
2,041
575
25,791
1,829
435
14,105
1,112
522
1983
 
84
....................
20,719
1,891
729
16,643
1,940
561
25,719
1,769
457
13,145
1,008
520
1984
 
85
....................
20,711
1,992
749
16,049
1,921
468
25,834
1,500
441
11,968
1,022
480
1985
 
86
....................
21,602
1,937
789
16,415
1,961
497
26,439
1,704
439
12,271
965
504
1986
 
87
....................
22,378
1,855
750
16,997
2,021
534
26,817
1,618
435
12,239
950
451
1987
 
88
....................
22,911
1,847
770
18,207
2,093
517
27,207
1,579
391
13,024
984
452
1988
 
89
....................
23,454
1,886
827
20,159
2,121
487
30,450
1,598
452
14,435
1,135
451
1989
 
90
....................
23,923
1,950
806
22,476
2,369
570
33,560
1,580
480
16,035
1,198
432
1990
 
91
....................
23,488
1,951
802
24,541
2,591
606
35,737
1,772
468
17,550
1,260
465
1991
 
92
....................
23,423
2,106
866
26,966
2,754
644
37,805
1,908
535
19,568
1,347
501
1992
 
93
....................
21,321
2,292
879
27,774
2,952
690
37,931
1,943
529
20,896
1,521
536
1993
 
94
....................
19,496
2,521
869
27,503
3,009
752
36,097
2,147
616
22,368
1,639
530
1994
 
95
....................
17,673
2,400
910
26,598
3,091
816
33,013
2,019
637
22,886
1,748
546
1995
 
96
....................
16,674
2,533
916
26,005
2,898
805
30,775
2,024
634
24,071
1,772
527
1
Excludes
degrees
in
public
administration
and
international
relations.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
297.
 
Earned
degrees
in
visual
and
performing
arts
1
conferred
by
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
level
of
degree
and
sex
of
student:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Year
Bachelor's
degrees
Master's
degrees
Doctor's
degrees
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1970
 
71
..........................
30,394
12,256
18,138
6,675
3,510
3,165
621
483
138
1971
 
72
..........................
33,831
13,580
20,251
7,537
4,049
3,488
572
428
144
1972
 
73
..........................
36,017
14,267
21,750
7,254
4,005
3,249
616
449
167
1973
 
74
..........................
39,730
15,821
23,909
8,001
4,325
3,676
585
440
145
1974
 
75
..........................
40,782
15,532
25,250
8,362
4,448
3,914
649
446
203
1975
 
76
..........................
42,138
16,491
25,647
8,817
4,507
4,310
620
447
173
1976
 
77
..........................
41,793
16,166
25,627
8,636
4,211
4,425
662
447
215
1977
 
78
..........................
40,951
15,572
25,379
9,036
4,327
4,709
708
448
260
1978
 
79
..........................
40,969
15,380
25,589
8,524
3,933
4,591
700
454
246
1979
 
80
..........................
40,892
15,065
25,827
8,708
4,067
4,641
655
413
242
1980
 
81
..........................
40,479
14,798
25,681
8,629
4,056
4,573
654
396
258
1981
 
82
..........................
40,422
14,819
25,603
8,746
3,866
4,880
670
380
290
1982
 
83
..........................
39,794
14,690
25,104
8,763
4,013
4,750
692
404
288
1983
 
84
..........................
40,131
15,089
25,042
8,526
3,897
4,629
730
406
324
1984
 
85
..........................
38,140
14,462
23,678
8,718
3,894
4,824
696
407
289
1985
 
86
..........................
37,241
14,236
23,005
8,420
3,775
4,645
722
396
326
1986
 
87
..........................
36,615
13,751
22,864
8,508
3,756
4,752
793
447
346
1987
 
88
..........................
36,944
14,068
22,876
7,939
3,442
4,497
727
424
303
1988
 
89
..........................
38,227
14,539
23,688
8,267
3,611
4,656
753
446
307
1989
 
90
..........................
39,934
15,189
24,745
8,481
3,706
4,775
849
472
377
1990
 
91
..........................
42,186
15,761
26,425
8,657
3,830
4,827
838
466
372
1991
 
92
..........................
46,522
17,616
28,906
9,353
4,078
5,275
906
504
402
1992
 
93
..........................
47,761
18,610
29,151
9,440
4,099
5,341
882
478
404
1993
 
94
..........................
49,053
19,538
29,515
9,925
4,229
5,696
1,054
585
469
1994
 
95
..........................
48,690
19,781
28,909
10,277
4,374
5,903
1,080
545
535
1995
 
96
..........................
49,296
20,126
29,170
10,280
4,361
5,919
1,067
524
543
1
Prior
to
1982
 
83:
Includes
visual
and
performing
arts,
general;
crafts,
folk
art,
and
artisanry;
dance;
design
and
applied
art;
theatre
arts;
film
and
photographic
arts;
fine
arts;
graphic
arts
technology;
music;
and
precision
production.
From
1982
 
83:
Includes
visual
and
performing
arts,
general;
crafts,
folk
art,
and
artisanry;
dance;
design
and
applied
art;
theatre
arts
and
stagecraft;
film/
video
and
photographic
arts;
fine
arts
and
art
studies;
music;
and
visual
and
performing
arts,
other.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
324
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
298.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees,
1
by
field
of
study:
1995
 
96
Item
All
fields
Field
of
study
Education
Engineering
Humanities
Life
sciences
Physical
sciences
2
Business
and
management
Social
sciences
and
psychology
Other
professional
fields
Total
Mathematics
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Doctor's
degrees
conferred
(
number)
.....
42,415
6,772
6,305
5,116
8,255
6,675
1,122
1,276
6,814
1,163
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................................................
60.0
38.3
87.7
50.3
56.5
79.3
79.4
70.2
48.4
52.4
Women
.......................................................
40.0
61.7
12.3
49.7
43.5
20.7
20.6
29.8
51.6
47.6
Racial/
ethnic
group
(
percent)
3
American
Indian
..........................................
0.6
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.7
Asian
...........................................................
11.9
3.1
26.8
5.1
17.9
19.8
22.0
10.7
6.4
5.3
Black
...........................................................
4.7
10.1
2.2
3.1
2.9
2.0
1.3
4.4
5.0
7.7
Hispanic
......................................................
3.5
3.6
2.9
4.3
3.1
2.6
1.6
2.6
4.6
3.7
White
...........................................................
79.3
82.2
67.6
87.0
75.5
75.3
75.0
82.0
83.3
82.7
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............................................
65.4
86.6
41.1
77.4
60.7
51.6
43.5
62.9
76.2
72.8
Non­
U.
S.,
permanent
visa
..........................
8.9
2.9
12.6
6.9
12.3
12.6
14.1
7.4
5.9
5.8
Non­
U.
S.,
temporary
visa
...........................
22.7
7.0
43.1
12.7
24.7
32.4
39.3
26.5
14.8
18.4
Unknown
.....................................................
3.1
3.4
3.3
3.0
2.2
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
.....................
33.8
44.3
31.7
35.2
32.5
31.1
30.9
36.4
33.7
39.6
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
..............................
54.8
36.1
80.2
55.8
49.2
65.6
69.7
35.1
53.4
30.3
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................................................
10.8
20.2
9.0
11.8
9.6
8.3
8.3
12.7
10.3
15.5
Registered
time
..........................................
7.2
8.2
6.4
8.3
7.0
6.7
6.7
7.3
7.4
8.0
Postdoctoral
plans
(
percent)
Postdoctoral
study
plans
............................
26.1
3.4
21.9
7.6
57.8
42.6
30.0
3.4
19.5
5.1
Fellowship
...............................................
13.0
1.2
7.0
4.2
32.8
18.3
14.8
1.2
12.1
2.3
Research
associateship
..........................
9.9
1.1
13.0
0.9
18.0
21.8
10.1
1.2
4.2
0.9
Traineeship
.............................................
1.0
0.4
0.9
0.4
1.6
0.9
2.4
0.2
1.5
0.8
Other
.......................................................
2.2
0.8
1.0
2.1
5.4
1.6
2.8
0.9
1.7
1.0
Postdoctoral
employment
...........................
65.1
86.3
69.6
83.5
35.3
48.7
61.2
86.1
70.8
86.8
Educational
institution
4
...........................
36.3
67.8
13.3
65.9
17.1
17.2
38.0
64.7
37.4
54.9
Industry,
business
...................................
16.7
6.1
46.0
5.4
8.5
24.7
16.9
15.3
12.1
10.2
Government
............................................
4.7
5.2
6.3
1.1
4.9
3.0
2.1
2.4
7.0
5.0
Nonprofit
organization
.............................
3.5
3.8
1.0
5.1
2.1
0.7
0.5
1.1
7.6
11.6
Other
and
unknown
................................
4.0
3.5
3.0
6.0
2.7
3.0
3.7
2.5
6.7
5.0
Postdoctoral
plans
unknown
......................
8.8
10.3
8.4
8.9
6.9
8.7
8.7
10.6
9.8
8.2
Definite
postdoctoral
study
.........................
18.0
1.8
12.9
4.0
42.4
30.6
19.3
1.8
13.3
2.8
Seeking
postdoctoral
study
........................
8.0
1.6
9.0
3.6
15.4
12.0
10.7
1.6
6.2
2.3
Definite
employment
...................................
43.2
64.1
44.7
49.5
22.8
30.9
37.7
64.5
45.8
62.3
Seeking
employment
..................................
21.9
22.2
24.9
34.0
12.5
17.7
23.5
21.6
25.0
24.4
Primary
postdoctoral
activity
(
percent)
5
Research
and
development
.......................
29.4
5.6
69.5
6.9
42.5
55.0
34.8
27.9
25.1
9.0
Teaching
.....................................................
37.7
38.1
11.9
73.9
31.4
27.2
48.0
52.9
34.2
54.9
Administration
.............................................
12.9
39.3
2.0
4.7
6.7
2.4
1.4
6.0
5.7
11.3
Professional
services
..................................
13.0
11.2
9.4
6.3
12.3
8.7
8.5
6.0
28.1
16.7
Other
...........................................................
3.6
2.3
4.2
4.4
3.7
3.4
2.8
3.8
3.4
5.1
Activity
unknown
.........................................
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.8
3.3
3.3
4.5
3.5
3.4
3.0
Region
of
employment
after
doctorate
(
percent)
5
New
England
..............................................
6.0
4.4
5.7
8.2
5.3
6.8
8.5
8.1
6.4
5.2
Middle
Atlantic
............................................
13.5
12.2
14.0
13.9
10.6
15.2
14.4
11.7
15.3
14.3
East
North
Central
......................................
13.5
14.7
12.9
14.4
12.1
13.3
14.2
13.2
13.0
11.7
West
North
Central
.....................................
6.9
9.1
3.8
8.6
6.8
5.8
8.3
5.8
5.9
7.7
South
Atlantic
.............................................
15.7
18.7
10.6
15.1
17.0
14.1
13.7
16.3
17.2
13.2
East
South
Central
.....................................
4.5
6.7
2.1
4.8
4.9
2.9
4.5
5.2
3.9
5.1
West
South
Central
....................................
8.5
9.9
9.0
7.9
6.9
7.0
6.4
10.3
7.8
10.9
Mountain
.....................................................
5.7
6.7
5.6
4.9
5.0
5.7
5.7
4.5
6.0
5.7
Pacific
and
insular
......................................
13.0
10.8
21.1
11.1
11.0
17.5
12.3
9.5
10.9
7.9
U.
S.,
region
unknown
.................................
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.1
0.8
0.2
0.5
1.2
1.4
Foreign
........................................................
11.4
5.5
14.0
9.4
19.2
10.6
10.9
14.8
12.2
16.6
Region
unknown
.........................................
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.9
0.0
0.1
0.3
1
Includes
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
and
comparable
degrees
at
the
doctoral
level.
Excludes
firstprofessional
degrees,
such
as
M.
D.,
D.
D.
S.,
and
D.
V.
M.
2
Includes
mathematics,
computer
science,
physics,
astronomy,
chemistry,
and
earth,
atmospheric,
and
marine
sciences.
3
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.
4
Includes
2
 
year,
4
 
year,
and
foreign
colleges
and
universities,
medical
schools,
and
elementary/
secondary
schools.
5
Includes
only
recipients
with
definite
employment
plans.

NOTE.
 
The
above
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
major
differences
are
that
history
is
included
under
humanities
rather
than
social
sciences
and
that
psychology
is
included
under
social
sciences.
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
The
above
tabulation
excludes
some
non­
research
doctorate
degrees
such
as
doctor's
degrees
in
theology.
Total
includes
a
small
number
of
graduates
not
reported
by
field
of
study.
Because
of
rounding
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Summary
Report
1996:
Doctorate
Recipients
from
United
States
Universities.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
325
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
299.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
education:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
Item
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
of
doctorates
7,576
7,489
6,780
6,717
6,649
6,454
6,362
6,281
6,510
6,454
6,677
6,689
6,708
6,649
6,772
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................
55.5
52.8
49.0
48.2
45.6
44.9
44.8
42.5
42.4
41.9
40.5
41.3
39.1
38.4
38.3
Women
........................
44.5
47.2
51.0
51.8
54.4
55.1
55.2
57.5
57.6
58.1
59.5
58.7
60.9
61.6
61.7
Racial/
ethnic
group
percent
1
American
Indian
..........
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.7
1.0
Asian
...........................
1.3
1.9
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.4
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.9
3.0
3.1
Black
...........................
9.1
9.1
8.7
8.7
8.1
7.4
7.6
8.1
8.2
7.9
8.4
9.4
8.6
10.4
10.1
Hispanic
......................
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.6
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.4
3.6
White
...........................
86.3
85.9
86.7
85.6
86.1
86.6
86.4
86.5
86.0
85.6
84.8
83.7
83.9
81.6
82.2
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............
88.7
87.7
86.8
85.5
84.7
84.9
83.1
82.9
84.4
84.8
86.8
86.4
87.4
86.8
86.6
Foreign
........................
8.2
8.8
9.8
10.4
9.6
9.2
10.2
9.7
9.7
10.2
10.7
10.8
11.0
11.0
9.9
Unknown
.....................
3.1
3.6
3.4
4.1
5.6
6.0
6.7
7.4
5.8
5.0
2.4
2.7
1.6
2.3
3.4
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
.........................
37.0
37.3
38.4
38.7
39.4
39.8
40.5
41.1
41.6
42.1
42.7
43.0
43.6
43.8
44.3
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
........
39.0
38.9
39.6
38.7
39.0
37.8
36.9
38.5
37.5
39.3
38.7
37.4
36.9
37.0
36.1
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................
13.1
13.5
14.6
15.1
15.7
16.2
16.9
17.3
17.9
18.4
18.9
19.2
19.7
19.9
20.2
Registered
time
...........
6.9
7.0
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.9
8.1
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.2
1
Longitudinal
comparisons
by
race/
ethnicity
should
be
done
with
extreme
care,
due
to
periodic
changes
in
the
survey.
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.

NOTE.
 
The
National
Research
Council's
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Doctorate
Records
File.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)

Table
300.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
engineering:
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
Item
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
of
doctorates
2,479
2,528
2,915
3,165
3,376
3,712
4,187
4,543
4,894
5,214
5,438
5,698
5,822
6,008
6,305
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................
96.4
96.1
94.8
93.7
93.3
93.5
93.2
91.8
91.5
91.3
90.7
90.9
89.1
88.4
87.7
Women
........................
3.6
3.9
5.2
6.3
6.7
6.6
6.8
8.2
8.5
8.7
9.3
9.1
10.9
11.6
12.3
Racial/
ethnic
group
(
percent)
1
American
Indian
..........
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Asian
...........................
18.9
20.0
17.1
18.4
15.6
17.7
16.0
16.6
15.3
17.4
18.2
19.7
28.8
31.5
26.8
Black
...........................
1.2
1.4
1.0
2.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.2
Hispanic
......................
1.9
1.0
2.4
1.5
2.1
1.8
3.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.9
White
...........................
77.8
77.3
79.3
77.8
80.6
78.8
79.4
79.5
80.4
77.4
76.5
75.9
67.0
63.7
67.6
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............
50.6
46.2
42.5
40.4
40.8
41.8
42.4
40.9
39.4
37.9
38.7
39.1
38.0
39.7
41.1
Foreign
........................
46.3
49.1
52.9
54.6
50.8
50.7
49.8
50.4
52.5
54.7
57.8
57.1
60.0
57.9
55.7
Unknown
.....................
3.1
4.7
4.6
5.0
8.4
7.4
7.7
8.8
8.1
7.3
3.5
3.9
2.1
2.5
3.3
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
.........................
30.3
30.5
30.7
30.9
31.0
31.0
31.0
31.1
31.2
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.7
31.7
31.7
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
........
75.2
74.1
74.3
74.2
73.0
75.2
76.4
76.2
76.9
79.0
81.8
80.1
80.4
79.1
80.2
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................
7.6
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.5
8.7
8.8
9.0
9.1
9.0
Registered
time
...........
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.4
1
Longitudinal
comparisons
by
race/
ethnicity
should
be
done
with
extreme
care,
due
to
periodic
changes
in
the
survey.
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.

NOTE.
 
The
National
Research
Council's
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Doctorate
Records
File.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
326
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
301.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
humanities:
1
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
Item
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
of
doctorates
3,863
3,745
3,528
3,428
3,461
3,500
3,555
3,552
3,822
4,099
4,444
4,482
4,744
5,061
5,116
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................
60.4
58.7
55.0
56.6
54.8
55.1
55.7
54.5
54.4
53.5
53.7
52.5
52.3
51.7
50.3
Women
........................
39.6
41.3
45.0
43.4
45.2
44.9
44.3
45.5
45.6
46.5
46.3
47.5
47.7
48.3
49.7
Racial/
ethnic
group
(
percent)
2
American
Indian
..........
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.5
Asian
...........................
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.3
1.8
2.1
2.3
3.0
2.4
2.5
3.0
3.6
4.6
5.1
5.1
Black
...........................
3.0
2.9
3.4
2.6
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.3
3.0
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.1
Hispanic
......................
3.0
3.2
3.7
3.8
3.5
4.3
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.4
3.8
4.3
White
...........................
91.6
91.7
90.9
91.1
91.6
90.3
90.5
90.2
90.9
89.9
89.9
88.9
87.5
87.8
87.0
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............
87.3
85.7
83.7
83.1
78.8
78.0
78.4
76.4
78.3
77.0
77.7
78.3
78.3
78.6
77.4
Foreign
........................
8.8
10.2
11.2
12.1
13.7
14.3
14.4
15.5
15.2
18.3
19.2
18.7
19.9
19.4
19.6
Unknown
.....................
3.9
4.1
5.2
4.8
7.4
7.7
7.1
8.1
6.5
4.7
3.2
3.0
1.8
1.9
3.0
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
..........................
33.4
33.5
34.5
34.7
35.0
35.0
35.4
35.7
35.7
35.8
35.6
35.6
35.7
35.4
35.2
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
..........
64.2
61.0
60.2
58.8
58.2
58.5
56.7
55.5
57.1
57.7
56.5
56.4
57.4
56.6
55.8
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................
10.6
10.8
11.5
11.7
12.1
12.0
12.2
12.5
12.2
12.3
12.0
11.9
12.0
12.0
11.8
Registered
time
...........
7.7
7.7
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.3
1
Includes
American
studies,
archeology,
art
history,
classics,
history,
letters,
literature,
music,
philosophy,
religion,
and
theatre.
2
Longitudinal
comparisons
by
race/
ethnicity
should
be
done
with
extreme
care,
due
to
periodic
changes
in
the
survey.
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.

NOTE.
 
The
National
Research
Council's
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
major
differences
are
that
history
is
included
under
humanities
rather
than
social
sciences
and
that
psychology
is
included
under
social
sciences.
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Doctorate
Records
File.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)

Table
302.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
life
sciences:
1
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
Item
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
of
doctorates
5,325
5,461
5,745
5,748
5,734
5,754
6,164
6,342
6,605
6,933
7,115
7,395
7,739
7,918
8,255
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................
74.8
73.6
68.9
67.7
66.0
64.8
63.2
61.8
62.6
61.4
60.7
58.3
58.4
57.9
56.5
Women
........................
25.2
26.4
31.1
32.3
34.0
35.2
36.8
38.2
37.4
38.6
39.3
41.7
41.6
42.1
43.5
Racial/
ethnic
group
(
percent)
2
American
Indian
..........
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
Asian
...........................
5.3
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.7
5.0
5.3
5.6
6.6
7.1
8.7
15.7
18.5
17.9
Black
...........................
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.5
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.9
2.6
3.1
2.9
Hispanic
......................
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.1
White
...........................
91.8
91.7
91.5
90.8
90.5
89.4
90.0
90.1
89.6
88.0
87.3
85.1
78.2
74.9
75.5
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............
80.4
80.3
79.4
77.1
75.9
73.5
71.3
71.1
68.0
66.8
65.7
65.3
64.0
63.1
60.7
Foreign
........................
17.6
17.1
17.6
19.3
18.8
20.5
22.2
22.1
26.3
29.1
31.8
32.6
34.9
35.2
37.0
Unknown
.....................
2.0
2.6
3.0
3.6
5.3
6.1
6.4
6.9
5.6
4.0
2.5
2.2
1.1
1.7
2.2
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
.........................
30.0
30.1
31.0
31.3
31.6
31.7
31.9
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.7
32.5
32.7
32.4
32.5
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
........
40.9
40.7
58.1
58.3
57.1
55.6
55.4
53.4
53.8
54.1
53.5
51.9
51.0
50.8
49.2
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................
7.3
7.3
8.2
8.4
8.7
8.7
8.9
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.5
9.6
Registered
time
...........
5.8
5.9
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
1
Includes
agricultural,
biological,
and
health
sciences.
2
Longitudinal
comparisons
by
race/
ethnicity
should
be
done
with
extreme
care,
due
to
periodic
changes
in
the
survey.
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.

NOTE.
 
The
National
Research
Council's
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Doctorate
Records
File.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
327
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
303.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
physical
sciences:
1
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
Item
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
of
doctorates
3,151
3,208
3,459
3,531
3,679
3,840
4,045
3,984
4,262
4,441
4,575
4,470
4,801
4,621
4,632
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................
87.7
88.7
85.4
83.7
83.6
83.3
82.6
80.9
81.2
81.0
79.1
78.9
79.0
77.3
78.1
Women
........................
12.3
11.3
14.6
16.3
16.4
16.7
17.4
19.2
18.8
19.0
20.9
21.1
21.0
22.7
21.9
Racial/
ethnic
group
(
percent)
2
American
Indian
..........
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
Asian
...........................
7.7
6.9
6.6
6.9
7.1
7.0
5.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
8.9
10.2
20.8
25.3
18.9
Black
...........................
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.4
2.1
Hispanic
......................
1.1
1.3
2.0
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.6
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.4
2.6
2.5
2.8
White
...........................
90.0
90.5
89.9
90.1
89.5
89.3
90.1
88.8
89.3
88.8
86.4
84.5
74.8
70.6
76.0
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............
75.9
75.4
73.6
70.3
66.1
65.1
64.3
62.5
61.0
59.3
57.9
57.1
56.3
56.7
54.7
Foreign
........................
21.6
21.3
23.5
25.5
27.8
28.5
28.8
29.8
32.4
35.9
39.6
39.7
41.7
41.7
41.8
Unknown
.....................
2.4
3.3
2.9
4.1
6.1
6.4
6.9
7.8
6.7
4.8
2.5
3.2
2.1
1.8
3.5
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
.........................
29.1
29.0
29.5
29.5
29.9
29.8
30.1
30.0
30.7
30.2
30.3
30.6
30.7
30.7
31.6
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
........
76.5
76.6
77.7
75.0
73.4
72.6
72.6
72.6
80.0
76.9
74.5
72.9
73.0
70.8
69.6
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................
6.8
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.8
7.5
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.1
8.9
Registered
time
...........
5.7
5.7
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.1
6.0
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.6
6.8
6.9
1
Includes
physics,
astronomy,
chemistry,
and
earth,
atmospheric,
and
marine
sciences.
Excludes
mathematics
and
computer
science.
2
Longitudinal
comparisons
by
race/
ethnicity
should
be
done
with
extreme
care,
due
to
periodic
changes
in
the
survey.
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.

NOTE.
 
The
National
Research
Council's
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Doctorate
Records
File.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)

Table
304.
 
Statistical
profile
of
persons
receiving
doctor's
degrees
in
the
social
sciences:
1
1979
 
80
to
1995
 
96
Item
1979
 
80
1980
 
81
1983
 
84
1984
 
85
1985
 
86
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Number
of
doctorates
6,253
6,505
5,895
5,720
5,893
5,790
5,781
5,961
6,093
6,152
6,216
6,545
6,613
6,635
6,814
Sex
(
percent)
Men
.............................
65.4
64.4
59.2
58.9
57.6
57.2
55.0
54.8
53.7
50.6
52.6
50.7
50.6
49.2
48.4
Women
........................
34.6
35.6
40.8
41.1
42.4
42.8
45.0
45.2
46.3
49.4
47.4
49.3
49.4
50.8
51.6
Racial/
ethnic
group
(
percent)
2
American
Indian
..........
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.7
Asian
...........................
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.6
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.6
4.0
6.1
7.3
6.4
Black
...........................
4.2
4.0
4.6
4.4
4.1
3.8
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.7
5.2
5.0
Hispanic
......................
2.0
2.3
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.8
4.1
3.6
4.2
4.6
White
...........................
90.7
91.0
90.0
89.8
89.7
89.0
88.8
88.7
88.2
87.2
87.7
86.9
85.0
82.8
83.3
Citizenship
(
percent)
United
States
..............
84.7
84.0
80.6
79.3
77.9
76.1
74.8
70.4
73.8
73.4
74.3
75.5
75.5
76.0
76.2
Foreign
........................
11.6
11.9
14.1
15.3
15.3
15.7
16.1
17.3
18.0
19.8
21.2
21.3
21.7
21.4
20.7
Unknown
.....................
3.7
4.2
5.4
5.4
6.9
8.3
9.1
12.2
8.2
6.8
4.4
3.1
2.8
2.6
3.1
Median
age
at
doctorate
(
years)
.........................
31.6
32.0
32.7
33.0
33.4
33.5
34.1
33.9
34.2
34.1
34.3
34.3
34.1
34.1
33.7
Percent
with
bachelor's
degree
in
same
field
as
doctorate
........
58.6
59.1
59.3
58.5
57.0
56.4
54.5
52.3
55.4
54.2
53.1
53.7
53.2
52.2
53.4
Median
time
lapse
from
bachelor's
to
doctorate
(
years)
Total
time
....................
8.7
9.0
9.7
9.9
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.3
10.6
10.5
10.6
10.4
10.5
10.5
10.3
Registered
time
...........
6.4
6.5
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.4
1
Includes
anthropology,
area
studies,
criminology,
economics,
geography,
political
science,
public
policy,
psychology,
and
sociology.

2
Longitudinal
comparisons
by
race/
ethnicity
should
be
done
with
extreme
care,
due
to
periodic
changes
in
the
survey.
Distribution
by
race/
ethnicity
based
on
U.
S.
citizens
and
those
with
permanent
visas
only.

NOTE.
 
The
National
Research
Council's
classification
of
degrees
by
field
differs
somewhat
from
that
in
most
publications
of
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES).
The
major
differences
are
that
history
is
included
under
humanities
rather
than
social
sciences
and
that
psychology
is
included
under
social
sciences.
The
number
of
degrees
also
differs
slightly
from
that
reported
in
the
NCES
``
Completions''
survey.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
percents
may
not
add
to
100.0.

SOURCE:
National
Academy
of
Sciences,
National
Research
Council,
Office
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Personnel,
Doctorate
Records
File.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
328
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
DEGREES
Table
305.
 
Doctor's
degrees
1
conferred
by
60
large
institutions
of
higher
education:
1986
 
87
to
1995
 
96
1
Institution
Rank
order
2
Total,
1986
 
87
to
1995
 
96
1986
 
87
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
United
States,
all
institutions
.............................
 
397,370
34,041
34,870
35,720
38,371
39,294
40,659
42,132
43,185
44,446
44,652
Total,
60
large
institutions
............................................
 
228,934
20,006
20,447
21,074
22,201
22,956
23,520
24,141
24,701
25,015
24,873
University
of
California,
Berkeley
..........................................
1
8,009
727
742
838
800
800
798
810
896
828
770
University
of
Wisconsin,
Madison
.........................................
2
7,093
667
684
667
717
708
680
676
783
758
753
University
of
Illinois
at
Urbana
..............................................
3
6,958
616
646
647
707
737
775
705
666
761
698
The
University
of
Texas
at
Austin
.........................................
4
6,682
612
588
583
647
710
671
686
714
727
744
Ohio
State
University,
Main
Campus
....................................
5
6,450
570
542
608
604
644
671
685
710
699
717
University
of
Minnesota
Twin
Cities
......................................
6
6,350
508
527
543
633
706
651
627
707
685
763
Columbia
University
in
the
City
of
New
York
.......................
7
6,325
593
567
615
723
802
630
687
644
660
404
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor
........................................
8
6,308
589
564
527
583
661
676
654
649
714
691
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles
....................................
9
5,695
448
508
459
558
558
613
657
620
663
611
Stanford
University
................................................................
10
5,550
562
560
540
532
487
569
581
560
574
585
Cornell
University
3
................................................................
11
5,160
445
454
481
555
531
540
520
593
525
516
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
.................................
12
5,085
458
516
492
509
497
514
516
508
521
554
Harvard
University
.................................................................
13
5,033
434
465
461
505
505
501
540
538
556
528
Texas
A
&
M
University
........................................................
14
4,713
369
382
420
411
446
472
496
579
564
574
Pennsylvania
State
University,
Main
Campus
......................
15
4,636
341
379
417
420
463
541
495
507
563
510
Purdue
University,
Main
Campus
.........................................
16
4,545
370
366
420
467
430
478
504
493
509
508
University
of
Maryland
College
Park
Campus
......................
17
4,526
378
364
393
468
453
506
490
528
480
466
University
of
Pennsylvania
....................................................
18
4,454
307
319
414
462
495
477
506
488
539
447
University
of
Washington
......................................................
19
4,366
411
392
403
457
459
396
416
455
482
495
Michigan
State
University
.....................................................
20
4,363
464
427
434
432
397
476
401
429
419
484
University
of
Southern
California
..........................................
21
4,188
354
354
429
429
359
355
415
415
539
539
New
York
University
..............................................................
22
3,908
392
421
376
392
392
404
404
391
380
356
University
of
Florida
..............................................................
23
3,718
313
315
342
366
370
364
372
442
400
434
Nova
Southeastern
University
..............................................
24
3,626
271
292
306
316
290
336
433
485
450
447
Rutgers
University,
New
Brunswick
......................................
25
3,625
320
311
327
342
326
402
376
400
405
416
University
of
Arizona
.............................................................
26
3,554
298
290
326
311
382
352
373
442
396
384
University
of
Pittsburgh,
Main
Campus
................................
27
3,524
394
390
367
337
344
343
333
334
324
358
Indiana
University,
Bloomington
...........................................
28
3,520
374
319
313
321
342
398
348
348
383
374
University
of
Massachusetts,
Amherst
..................................
29
3,445
311
281
329
362
400
409
370
338
307
338
University
of
North
Carolina
at
Chapel
Hill
...........................
30
3,417
311
301
299
337
336
338
388
373
369
365
Virginia
Polytechnic
Institute
and
State
University
...............
31
3,412
295
287
303
342
332
366
369
379
361
378
University
of
Chicago
............................................................
32
3,409
319
318
310
335
317
322
346
395
366
381
Northwestern
University
........................................................
33
3,378
319
313
358
327
308
351
363
305
375
359
Yale
University
......................................................................
34
3,365
305
290
317
312
344
347
369
348
366
367
University
of
Iowa
..................................................................
35
3,315
287
312
287
299
360
380
331
342
340
377
University
of
Georgia
............................................................
36
3,253
275
316
340
313
332
331
352
309
342
343
Iowa
State
University
............................................................
37
2,952
296
309
257
282
297
277
322
307
318
287
State
University
of
New
York
at
Buffalo
...............................
38
2,856
209
240
274
249
265
290
320
345
318
346
University
of
California,
Davis
...............................................
39
2,854
228
238
221
258
258
284
306
323
341
397
Boston
University
..................................................................
40
2,847
299
245
304
277
258
280
271
289
315
309
Temple
University
.................................................................
41
2,799
290
277
285
249
251
282
282
287
315
281
University
of
Virginia,
Main
Campus
.....................................
42
2,770
218
229
242
253
291
291
315
294
312
325
City
University
of
New
York
Graduate
School
and
University
Center
..........................................................
43
2,751
232
258
225
259
320
257
318
286
294
302
North
Carolina
State
University
at
Raleigh
...........................
44
2,704
200
239
224
294
256
279
283
300
304
325
Johns
Hopkins
University
......................................................
45
2,703
213
267
229
240
285
297
318
262
271
321
University
of
Colorado
at
Boulder
.........................................
46
2,642
229
231
221
248
263
249
299
306
299
297
Florida
State
University
.........................................................
47
2,618
226
250
246
249
257
286
262
274
295
273
Princeton
University
..............................................................
48
2,555
218
269
227
240
244
255
249
267
300
286
University
of
Tennessee,
Knoxville
.......................................
49
2,333
206
217
209
214
214
260
249
226
257
281
University
of
Missouri,
Columbia
..........................................
50
2,330
181
227
236
236
212
258
260
253
219
248
University
of
South
Carolina
at
Columbia
.............................
51
2,307
169
191
169
215
248
242
281
288
237
267
Arizona
State
University,
Main
Campus
...............................
52
2,286
146
158
194
191
227
222
270
258
305
315
State
University
of
New
York
at
Stony
Brook
.......................
53
2,268
156
196
190
200
248
225
283
268
241
261
University
of
Nebraska
at
Lincoln
.........................................
54
2,241
203
233
236
217
202
212
221
227
229
261
University
of
California,
San
Diego
.......................................
55
2,233
163
186
189
185
185
227
280
285
274
259
University
of
Cincinnati,
Main
Campus
.................................
56
2,206
182
188
182
213
231
220
226
273
264
227
University
of
Kansas
Main
Campus
......................................
57
2,193
221
213
224
180
209
235
193
225
250
243
University
of
Connecticut
......................................................
58
2,188
193
180
198
217
228
206
216
246
265
239
University
of
Rochester
.........................................................
59
2,185
198
167
208
226
194
231
224
236
242
259
Wayne
State
University
.........................................................
60
2,155
123
137
193
178
290
222
299
263
220
230
1
Includes
Ph.
D.,
Ed.
D.,
and
comparable
degrees
at
the
doctoral
level.
Excludes
firstprofessional
degrees
(
e.
g.,
M.
D.,
D.
D.
S.,
and
D.
V.
M.).
2
Institutions
are
ranked
by
the
total
number
of
doctor's
degrees
conferred
during
the
10­
year
period
ending
June
30,
1996.
3
Includes
degrees
conferred
by
the
Endowed
and
Statutory
Colleges.
 
Not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
329
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
OUTCOMES
Table
306.
 
Percentage
distribution
of
1980
high
school
sophomores,
by
highest
level
of
education
completed
through
1992,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1980
to
1992
Student
characteristics
All
1980
sophomores
Less
than
high
school
High
school
Certificate
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Master's
degree
Professional
degree
Doctor's
degree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
....................................................................................
100.0
5.8
51.5
11.0
7.9
20.0
2.7
0.9
0.2
Sex
Male
.........................................................................................
100.0
6.5
53.5
9.7
6.7
19.5
2.6
1.3
0.2
Female
.....................................................................................
100.0
5.0
49.5
12.4
9.1
20.5
2.8
0.5
0.1
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................................................
100.0
4.9
49.1
10.1
8.4
23.1
3.2
1.0
0.2
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.................................................................
100.0
6.9
59.6
16.3
5.2
10.0
1.5
0.5
0.2
Hispanic
...................................................................................
100.0
11.9
59.6
11.2
7.3
9.0
0.6
0.3
 
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
..............................................................
100.0
0.6
40.9
6.9
6.2
32.7
4.7
7.5
0.7
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
..............................................
100.0
17.8
58.2
11.8
5.0
6.7
0.5
 
 
Socioeconomic
status
(
1980)
Low
quartile
.............................................................................
100.0
9.0
64.6
12.3
6.9
6.4
0.7
0.1
 
Middle
two
quartiles
.................................................................
100.0
3.9
53.8
11.5
9.1
19.0
2.0
0.5
0.1
High
quartile
.............................................................................
100.0
1.4
32.7
7.0
7.6
41.2
6.9
2.7
0.5
Test
score
composite
(
1982)
Low
quartile
.............................................................................
100.0
15.6
64.0
13.0
4.1
3.0
0.2
 
0.1
Middle
two
quartiles
.................................................................
100.0
3.1
56.2
12.8
10.1
16.1
1.5
0.3
 
High
quartile
.............................................................................
100.0
0.1
26.5
4.8
7.2
49.2
8.7
3.0
0.6
Parents'
educational
attainment
in
1980
No
high
school
diploma
...........................................................
100.0
6.5
59.8
12.8
8.6
10.8
1.2
0.3
0.1
High
school
graduate
...............................................................
100.0
5.2
59.1
12.4
6.0
16.6
0.3
0.4
 
Vocational/
technical
.................................................................
100.0
3.0
49.2
15.4
10.2
19.1
2.4
0.5
0.1
Some
college
...........................................................................
100.0
2.1
43.7
8.4
8.4
32.0
4.3
1.0
0.2
Bachelor's
degree
....................................................................
100.0
1.4
32.6
4.9
8.1
42.4
6.9
3.1
0.5
Advanced
degree
.....................................................................
100.0
3.5
23.9
8.6
4.9
44.1
10.0
4.3
0.7
High
school
diploma
status
Regular
diploma
in
1982
.........................................................
100.0
0.3
51.9
10.8
8.7
23.9
3.2
1.1
0.2
Returned
for
diploma
...............................................................
100.0
6.8
68.3
14.4
7.0
3.4
0.1
0.1
 
Returned
but
no
diploma
.........................................................
100.0
27.1
47.7
19.9
3.4
1.9
 
 
 
Never
returned
.........................................................................
100.0
51.5
35.7
9.5
2.1
0.9
0.3
 
 
Postsecondary
expectations
in
1982
None
........................................................................................
100.0
15.5
71.1
9.3
3.0
1.0
0.1
 
0.1
Vocational/
technical
.................................................................
100.0
4.6
61.6
19.8
10.7
3.3
0.1
 
 
Less­
than­
4­
year
degree
.........................................................
100.0
1.6
53.2
13.3
15.6
15.0
1.1
0.2
 
Bachelor's
degree
....................................................................
100.0
0.9
35.3
6.8
6.3
44.9
5.0
0.8
0.1
Advanced
degree
.....................................................................
100.0
0.8
28.9
5.2
5.7
45.1
9.0
4.4
0.8
Type
of
start
in
postsecondary
education
Fall
1982
full­
time
4­
year
.........................................................
100.0
 
21.2
3.5
4.6
57.8
9.0
3.4
0.5
Fall
1982
full­
time
public
2­
year
..............................................
100.0
0.3
36.5
11.9
24.4
24.6
2.1
0.2
 
Fall
1982
part­
time
4­
year
.......................................................
100.0
 
52.2
6.7
10.0
27.2
3.5
0.1
0.4
Fall
1982
part­
time
public
2­
year
.............................................
100.0
1.6
59.5
13.4
9.4
14.4
0.9
0.8
 
Fall
1982
other
.........................................................................
100.0
0.2
23.0
34.3
24.5
15.7
1.9
0.4
 
Delayed
4­
year
........................................................................
100.0
0.4
55.6
8.1
7.4
24.0
3.7
0.4
0.4
Delayed
public
2­
year
..............................................................
100.0
1.7
63.0
16.9
12.0
6.2
0.2
 
 
Delayed
other
..........................................................................
100.0
1.9
31.4
48.4
14.4
3.8
0.1
0.1
 
Other
enrollment
......................................................................
100.0
 
 
86.5
5.1
6.0
1.1
0.4
0.8
Never
enrolled
.........................................................................
100.0
16.1
83.9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Data
not
applicable
or
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
100.0
percent.
SOURCE:
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
High
School
and
Beyond,
Educational
Attainment
of
High
School
Sophomores
by
1992.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1995.)
330
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
OUTCOMES
Table
307.
 
Mean
number
of
semester
credits
completed
by
bachelor's
degree
recipients,
by
major
and
course
area:
1976,
1984,
and
1992
 
93
Selected
college
majors
Course
areas
Total
Business
Computer
science
Education
Engineering
Mathematics
Biological
sciences
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences
and
psychology
Other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1972
high
school
seniors
who
completed
bachelor's
degrees
by
1976
Mean,
all
majors
......................
124.0
7.8
1.0
9.7
2.3
7.4
7.6
9.0
30.3
48.8
Business
and
management
..........
124.4
41.2
2.3
0.5
0.4
10.2
2.5
4.8
30.4
32.0
Computer
science
.........................
133.3
6.6
33.5
0.4
5.3
22.4
1.9
7.8
20.6
34.8
Education
......................................
126.4
0.9
0.3
40.2
 
5.0
5.5
4.3
23.9
46.4
Engineering
...................................
134.8
1.6
2.0
0.1
50.0
18.2
1.3
20.5
14.0
27.1
English
..........................................
117.8
0.5
0.1
7.8
0.1
3.2
3.4
3.4
24.2
75.2
Fine
arts
........................................
124.9
0.3
0.1
6.6
 
1.3
2.5
2.1
13.6
98.4
Life
sciences
.................................
122.2
0.4
0.8
1.7
 
8.4
35.6
26.2
17.8
31.3
Physical
sciences
.........................
122.7
0.8
1.4
0.9
1.9
16.2
9.6
49.5
13.1
29.2
Psychology
...................................
119.1
2.0
0.5
5.9
0.3
5.5
6.2
5.9
56.0
36.9
Social
sciences
.............................
120.6
3.4
0.4
3.3
0.4
5.3
3.2
4.3
60.3
40.1
1980
high
school
seniors
who
completed
bachelor's
degrees
by
1984
Mean,
all
majors
......................
123.5
12.8
3.3
6.2
4.6
8.4
5.3
8.1
27.5
47.2
Business
and
management
..........
122.8
41.2
4.5
0.6
1.1
8.9
2.2
3.9
27.5
32.7
Computer
science
.........................
129.3
11.8
27.9
0.3
4.7
21.3
1.8
8.5
19.0
33.9
Education
......................................
127.4
0.7
0.3
45.5
0.1
4.4
4.4
3.8
20.8
47.3
Engineering
...................................
132.3
1.0
2.3
0.8
52.5
16.2
1.1
20.2
12.3
25.9
English
..........................................
114.8
1.7
1.5
6.9
 
2.2
2.1
4.7
21.4
74.4
Fine
arts
........................................
120.5
1.7
0.6
5.1
 
1.7
2.7
1.5
14.1
93.1
Life
sciences
.................................
121.9
0.7
1.5
1.9
0.2
10.1
33.5
22.6
18.1
33.3
Physical
sciences
.........................
124.3
0.2
4.9
0.1
2.0
14.1
12.9
48.7
11.6
30.0
Psychology
...................................
120.7
3.0
2.7
2.1
 
6.5
5.8
4.2
55.2
41.2
Social
sciences
.............................
119.2
6.0
1.4
1.0
0.5
5.4
4.4
5.1
52.0
43.3
1988
 
89
high
school
seniors
who
completed
bachelor's
degrees
by
1993
Mean,
all
majors
......................
126.5
12.8
3.0
5.7
3.2
7.3
6.0
7.6
29.5
51.7
Business
and
management
..........
123.9
44.4
3.9
0.9
0.1
7.6
2.6
3.3
23.1
37.9
Computer
science
.........................
127.6
15.7
34.3
0.4
2.4
15.7
1.7
6.4
17.6
33.5
Education
......................................
126.8
1.6
1.5
32.6
 
5.9
4.7
4.4
24.5
51.6
Engineering
...................................
136.9
1.4
7.0
0.6
57.9
16.7
1.4
19.0
12.2
20.8
English
..........................................
127.5
1.8
1.0
3.0
0.1
4.0
3.5
3.8
22.7
87.5
Fine
arts
........................................
129.6
1.8
1.3
2.2
0.8
3.1
2.4
2.6
19.8
95.7
Life
sciences
.................................
128.9
1.1
1.4
2.1
1.0
8.0
33.8
23.3
20.7
37.5
Physical
sciences
.........................
129.1
1.1
2.7
1.1
2.3
15.0
7.5
49.3
16.9
33.2
Psychology
...................................
125.3
3.8
1.2
3.6
0.1
5.0
4.9
4.5
53.6
48.6
Social
sciences
.............................
125.5
6.2
1.2
1.8
0.1
4.8
2.9
5.1
55.7
47.6
All
bachelor's
degree
recipients
of
1992
 
93
Mean,
all
majors
......................
132.2
14.6
3.7
7.2
5.4
8.3
6.0
7.8
27.3
52.0
Business
and
management
..........
129.5
46.8
4.7
0.9
0.7
8.8
2.8
3.6
23.6
37.6
Computer
science
.........................
137.0
17.4
37.1
0.4
5.0
16.7
2.5
7.5
17.3
33.0
Education
......................................
135.9
2.2
1.5
40.1
0.3
6.3
5.4
5.0
24.7
50.5
Engineering
...................................
142.1
2.1
7.1
0.3
61.3
17.8
1.3
18.1
11.4
22.8
English
..........................................
128.8
2.9
1.4
4.6
0.1
4.3
3.5
4.2
23.2
84.5
Fine
arts
........................................
133.4
2.7
2.0
3.2
0.9
3.7
2.5
4.2
19.3
94.7
Life
sciences
.................................
132.5
1.7
1.6
2.9
0.9
8.7
34.8
22.3
21.3
38.2
Physical
sciences
.........................
137.8
2.6
2.9
1.9
4.0
15.5
8.2
50.6
18.2
33.9
Psychology
...................................
129.0
4.0
1.4
4.2
0.3
5.5
5.1
4.2
52.4
52.0
Social
sciences
.............................
127.9
6.2
1.4
2.3
0.3
5.6
3.3
5.4
54.8
48.6
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
All
majors
total
includes
fields
not
shown
separately.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
1972;
High
School
and
Beyond;
and
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)
331
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
OUTCOMES
Table
308.
 
Colleges
and
universities
offering
remedial
services,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1987
 
88
to
1997
 
98
Type
and
control
of
institution
Percent
of
colleges
offering
remedial
instruction
or
tutoring
Change
in
percentage
points
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
1997
 
98
1
1987
 
88
to
1996
 
97
1990
 
91
to
1997
 
98
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
................................
72.7
74.9
76.6
77.7
78.6
78.5
79.0
79.8
79.5
80.0
76.7
7.3
 
All
4­
year
colleges
.....
66.0
68.2
69.6
70.6
71.4
71.5
72.2
73.6
73.0
73.1
72.5
7.1
 
All
2­
year
colleges
.....
82.7
84.7
87.2
88.4
89.2
88.8
89.5
89.1
89.4
91.0
82.2
8.3
 
Public
institutions
.......
90.4
91.0
92.4
93.0
93.9
93.5
93.5
93.7
93.7
94.0
93.8
3.6
0.8
4­
year
colleges
.......
80.5
81.8
82.9
83.5
84.5
84.5
84.6
85.3
85.4
85.1
85.2
4.6
1.6
2­
year
colleges
.......
96.4
96.6
98.2
98.9
99.6
98.8
98.7
98.6
98.6
99.2
98.7
2.9
0.2
Private
institutions
.....
58.6
62.0
64.1
65.6
66.3
66.4
67.4
68.6
68.0
68.6
64.2
10.0
 
4­
year
colleges
.......
60.3
63.0
64.5
65.6
66.4
66.5
67.5
69.2
68.4
68.6
67.8
8.3
 
2­
year
colleges
.......
53.0
58.6
63.0
65.5
65.8
65.8
67.0
66.6
66.3
68.4
55.1
15.3
 
Nonprofit
.................
 
 
65.0
65.6
66.2
66.7
67.7
69.3
68.9
69.2
69.0
 
3.5
4­
year
colleges
...
 
 
64.2
64.9
65.8
66.2
67.0
68.7
68.3
68.3
68.3
 
3.4
2­
year
colleges
...
 
 
71.8
71.3
69.9
71.5
73.5
74.0
73.3
77.3
75.4
 
4.2
Proprietary
..............
 
 
59.5
65.6
66.6
64.6
65.6
65.2
63.5
65.2
51.7
 
 
4­
year
colleges
...
 
 
71.7
81.3
79.2
73.7
76.3
76.0
69.2
72.7
63.9
 
 
2­
year
colleges
...
 
 
57.0
62.0
63.2
62.0
62.1
60.8
60.5
60.8
47.5
 
 
1
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
finance
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)
332
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
OUTCOMES
Table
309.
 
Percent
distribution
of
enrollment
and
completion
status
of
first­
time
postsecondary
students
starting
during
the
1989
 
90
academic
year,
by
type
of
institution
and
other
student
characteristics:
1994
Student
and
institution
characteristics
Students
starting
in
2­
year
institutions
Students
starting
in
4­
year
institutions
Highest
degree
attained
No
degree
still
enrolled
No
degree
not
enrolled
Highest
degree
attained
No
degree
still
enrolled
No
degree
not
enrolled
Total,
any
degree
Certificate
Associate
Bachelor's
Total,
any
degree
Certificate
Associate
Bachelor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
...........................................................................
38.4
13.8
18.6
6.1
13.6
48.0
60.4
2.9
4.2
53.3
15.2
24.4
Male
.......................................................................
34.6
13.0
16.2
5.5
16.2
49.2
56.5
2.4
3.9
50.2
17.3
26.3
Female
...................................................................
41.9
14.4
20.9
6.6
11.2
46.8
63.9
3.3
4.4
56.2
13.4
22.7
Age
(
as
of
12/
31/
89)
18
years
or
younger
...............................................
46.8
9.9
25.8
11.0
14.7
38.5
64.4
2.4
4.0
58.0
15.3
20.3
19
years
.................................................................
33.2
13.6
19.3
0.2
17.4
49.5
47.8
4.7
3.0
40.0
16.7
35.5
20
to
29
years
........................................................
31.2
18.8
9.9
2.5
12.0
56.8
34.8
5.3
6.9
22.5
12.7
52.5
30
years
or
over
.....................................................
27.3
18.4
8.0
0.8
8.4
64.3
23.5
7.9
6.4
9.2
11.1
65.4
Socioeconomic
status
in
1989
 
90
Low
(
25
percent)
....................................................
31.9
18.1
11.8
1.9
9.6
58.4
33.5
2.8
4.9
25.8
17.4
49.1
Middle
(
50
percent)
................................................
36.9
14.9
16.6
5.4
14.8
48.3
53.8
3.7
5.0
45.1
17.0
29.2
High
(
25
percent)
...................................................
45.4
8.9
26.6
9.9
13.9
40.7
67.3
2.4
3.5
61.3
13.8
19.0
Race
White,
non­
Hispanic
...............................................
39.0
13.1
19.6
6.4
12.2
48.8
61.4
2.7
4.4
54.3
14.1
24.4
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...............................................
35.2
17.8
14.1
3.2
11.3
53.5
50.8
4.6
4.3
41.9
21.3
27.9
Hispanic
.................................................................
38.2
15.3
16.4
6.6
20.5
41.3
50.6
1.3
2.1
47.2
21.3
28.1
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.............................................
37.6
15.0
16.7
5.9
23.0
39.3
67.6
2.7
1.7
63.1
18.5
13.9
Highest
education
level
of
parents
Less
than
high
school
diploma
..............................
30.3
19.2
9.1
2.0
10.2
59.5
55.8
7.1
6.6
42.0
14.7
29.6
High
school
diploma
..............................................
39.6
14.6
18.7
6.3
9.8
50.7
50.5
4.6
4.6
41.3
16.7
32.8
Some
postsecondary
.............................................
39.0
11.4
20.9
6.8
16.3
44.7
58.1
2.1
4.9
51.2
14.9
26.9
Bachelor's
or
higher
...............................................
43.0
9.8
25.0
8.2
21.1
35.9
68.1
1.8
3.2
63.1
14.7
17.2
Dependency
status
in
1989
 
90
Dependent
..............................................................
43.5
11.7
23.5
8.4
14.6
41.8
62.9
2.6
4.0
56.3
15.3
21.8
Independent
...........................................................
28.8
17.6
9.4
1.8
11.7
59.5
33.1
6.2
5.4
21.5
14.1
52.8
Dependent
student
family
income
in
1989
 
90
Less
than
$
20,000
.................................................
40.6
12.7
22.3
5.6
14.4
45.1
52.5
3.0
4.9
44.5
18.2
29.3
$
20,000
to
$
39,999
................................................
44.0
13.1
21.5
9.3
12.6
43.4
58.1
2.5
4.0
51.5
16.5
25.5
$
40,000
to
$
59,999
................................................
44.5
12.1
23.3
9.1
12.5
43.0
64.8
3.3
4.1
57.4
15.5
19.6
$
60,000
or
more
....................................................
46.1
5.9
30.5
9.8
23.6
30.2
72.2
1.7
3.4
67.1
12.2
15.6
Delayed
postsecondary
enrollment
Did
not
delay
1
........................................................
46.4
11.1
25.8
9.5
15.1
38.5
64.1
2.4
4.0
57.7
15.5
20.4
Delayed
entry
.........................................................
28.4
17.1
9.6
1.7
11.6
60.0
32.6
6.4
5.4
20.8
12.7
54.7
Attendance
status
when
began
at
first
institution
Full­
time
.................................................................
48.0
12.6
25.6
9.8
13.7
38.3
63.9
2.6
4.0
57.4
14.9
21.2
Part­
time
.................................................................
27.3
15.0
10.6
1.8
14.4
58.2
33.3
6.4
8.2
18.7
14.9
51.9
Intensity
of
enrollment
through
first
degree
Exclusively
part­
time
..............................................
12.6
10.9
1.6
0.2
7.7
79.8
9.7
5.5
2.5
1.7
5.9
84.4
Mixed
full­
time
and
part­
time
.................................
46.5
14.3
24.7
7.5
22.3
31.3
59.4
2.9
4.1
52.4
19.8
20.8
Exclusively
full­
time
................................................
51.3
15.7
26.1
9.6
7.3
41.4
67.3
2.5
4.4
60.3
11.2
21.6
Degree
working
towards
at
first
institution
None
.......................................................................
13.0
6.0
3.6
3.4
13.8
73.3
30.5
5.3
4.4
20.8
12.4
57.1
Certificate
...............................................................
44.0
37.7
6.2
0.2
5.3
50.7
57.3
15.2
9.3
32.8
9.4
33.3
Associate's
degree
.................................................
42.6
11.4
23.7
7.5
12.1
45.2
44.0
5.8
16.7
21.5
13.1
43.0
Bachelor's
..............................................................
36.9
8.1
21.0
7.9
22.5
40.6
62.6
2.4
3.1
57.1
15.6
21.8
Worked
full
time
while
enrolled
when
began
at
first
institution
Did
not
work
full
time
.............................................
44.9
15.4
22.1
7.3
11.9
43.2
61.9
2.8
4.2
54.9
15.9
22.2
Worked
full
time
.....................................................
26.6
11.6
12.2
2.8
16.7
56.7
55.5
3.5
4.4
47.6
12.5
32.1
Control
of
first
institution
Public
.....................................................................
36.7
12.9
17.5
6.3
14.7
48.6
54.8
3.2
4.7
47.0
18.4
26.8
Private,
not
for
profit
..............................................
52.2
14.5
29.6
8.1
12.5
35.3
71.9
2.3
3.0
66.6
8.6
19.5
Private,
for
profit
....................................................
52.0
22.9
26.8
2.3
1.5
46.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Students
with
a
standard
high
school
diploma
who
attended
higher
education
in
the
same
year
as
their
graduation.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
reflect
completion
and
enrollment
status
by
spring
1994
of
first­
time
postsecondary
students
starting
academic
year
1989
 
90.
Some
cells
in
this
table
have
relatively
large
sampling
errors.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Beginning
Postsecondary
Student
Longitudinal
Survey,
1994.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1999.)
333
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
OUTCOMES
Table
310.
 
Scores
on
Graduate
Record
Examination
(
GRE)
and
subject
matter
tests:
1965
to
1997
Academic
year
ending
Number
of
GRE
takers
GRE
takers
as
a
percent
of
bachelor's
degrees
Verbal
Quantitative
Analytical
Subject
matter
tests
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
Biology
Chemistry
Education
Engineering
Literature
Psychology
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
Mean
Standard
deviation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1965
.............................
93,792
18.7
530
124
533
137
 
 
617
117
628
114
481
86
618
108
591
95
556
91
1966
.............................
123,960
23.8
520
124
528
133
 
 
610
115
618
110
474
87
609
106
588
94
552
91
1967
.............................
151,134
27.0
519
125
528
134
 
 
613
114
615
104
476
90
603
104
582
91
553
93
1968
.............................
182,432
28.8
520
124
527
135
 
 
614
114
617
104
478
87
601
105
572
91
547
93
1969
.............................
206,113
28.3
515
124
524
132
 
 
613
112
613
104
477
88
591
103
569
89
543
89
1970
.............................
265,359
33.5
503
123
516
132
 
 
603
111
613
113
462
92
586
110
556
90
532
91
1971
.............................
293,600
35.0
497
125
512
134
 
 
603
114
618
117
457
95
587
115
546
91
530
92
1972
.............................
293,506
33.1
494
126
508
136
 
 
606
115
624
124
446
93
594
119
544
96
528
92
1973
.............................
290,104
31.5
497
125
512
135
 
 
619
110
630
114
459
96
593
114
545
96
529
92
1974
.............................
301,070
31.8
492
126
509
137
 
 
624
110
634
115
452
93
591
121
547
99
530
95
1975
.............................
298,335
32.3
493
125
508
137
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1976
.............................
299,292
32.3
492
127
510
138
 
 
627
112
627
107
454
93
594
119
539
101
531
93
1977
.............................
287,715
31.3
490
129
514
139
 
 
625
113
630
109
453
93
592
115
532
101
532
95
1978
.............................
286,383
31.1
484
128
518
135
 
 
622
113
624
108
452
91
594
114
530
102
529
97
1979
.............................
282,482
30.7
476
130
517
135
 
 
621
117
623
104
451
89
592
115
525
102
530
97
1980
.............................
272,281
29.3
474
131
522
136
 
 
619
115
618
105
449
90
590
116
521
105
534
98
1981
.............................
262,855
28.1
473
128
523
136
 
 
617
115
615
103
453
90
590
116
520
99
532
97
1982
.............................
256,381
26.9
469
130
533
137
498
126
616
114
616
105
456
89
593
115
521
100
532
97
1983
.............................
263,674
27.2
473
131
541
138
504
128
623
115
620
105
459
90
599
114
527
98
542
95
1984
.............................
265,221
27.2
475
130
541
139
512
129
622
115
619
102
461
90
604
114
530
97
543
96
1985
.............................
271,972
27.8
474
126
545
140
516
129
619
114
621
101
459
89
615
120
531
95
541
95
1986
.............................
279,428
28.3
475
126
552
140
520
129
612
114
628
106
464
87
616
119
527
96
542
97
1987
.............................
293,560
29.6
477
126
550
140
521
128
616
116
629
104
465
86
619
119
526
95
536
95
1988
.............................
303,703
30.5
483
123
557
140
528
128
615
114
631
108
467
85
622
120
525
94
537
94
1989
.............................
326,096
32.0
484
125
560
142
530
129
612
114
642
117
465
87
626
116
528
91
538
95
1990
.............................
344,572
32.8
486
123
562
143
534
128
612
114
662
123
461
84
617
111
523
92
537
95
1991
.............................
379,882
34.7
485
122
562
141
536
129
609
113
660
123
457
85
611
111
523
93
535
95
1992
.............................
411,528
36.2
483
120
561
140
537
129
605
113
654
128
462
82
610
117
525
92
536
95
1993
.............................
400,246
34.4
481
117
557
140
541
129
606
114
662
133
462
80
602
115
516
94
536
97
1994
.............................
1
399,395
34.3
479
116
553
139
545
129
620
116
627
113
2
493
104
601
115
517
95
538
96
1995
.............................
1
389,539
33.0
477
115
553
140
544
131
622
116
675
138
2
488
102
596
113
513
96
544
98
1996
.............................
1
376,013
31.9
473
114
558
139
549
131
614
114
678
135
2
489
104
604
119
512
97
547
99
1997
.............................
1
376,062
31.9
472
113
562
139
548
129
620
115
684
143
2
487
103
602
114
525
100
554
99
1
Total
includes
examinees
who
received
no
score
on
one
or
more
General
Test
measures.

2
Data
reported
for
1994,
1995,
1996,
and
1997
are
from
the
revised
education
test.

 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
GRE
scores
for
the
verbal,
quantitative,
and
analytical
sections
range
from
200
to
800.
Subject
matter
test
scores
range
from
200
to
990.
SOURCE:
Graduate
Record
Examination
Board,
Examinee
and
Score
Trends
for
the
GRE
General
Test,
various
years;
and
A
Summary
of
Data
Collected
From
Graduate
Record
Examinations
Test­
Takers
During
1986
 
87;

unpublished
data;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS)
``
Degrees
and
Other
Formal
Awards
Conferred''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Completions''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
334
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
311.
 
Average
undergraduate
tuition
and
fees
and
room
and
board
rates
paid
by
full­
time­
equivalent
students
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1964
 
65
to
1997
 
98
Year
and
control
of
institution
Total
tuition,
room,
and
board
Tuition
and
required
fees
(
in­
state)
Dormitory
rooms
Board
(
7­
day
basis)
1
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
All
institutions
1976
 
77
.......................
$
2,275
$
2,577
$
2,647
$
2,527
$
1,598
$
924
$
1,218
$
1,210
$
1,223
$
346
$
603
$
611
$
649
$
584
$
503
$
748
$
748
$
788
$
719
$
750
1977
 
78
.......................
2,411
2,725
2,777
2,685
1,703
984
1,291
1,269
1,305
378
645
654
691
628
525
781
780
818
752
801
1978
 
79
.......................
2,587
2,917
2,967
2,879
1,828
1,073
1,397
1,370
1,413
411
688
696
737
667
575
826
825
860
800
842
1979
 
80
.......................
2,809
3,167
3,223
3,124
1,979
1,163
1,513
1,484
1,530
451
751
759
803
729
628
895
895
936
865
900
1980
 
81
.......................
3,101
3,499
3,535
3,469
2,230
1,289
1,679
1,634
1,705
526
836
846
881
821
705
976
975
1,020
943
1,000
1981
 
82
.......................
3,489
3,951
4,005
3,908
2,476
1,457
1,907
1,860
1,935
590
950
961
1,023
919
793
1,083
1,082
1,121
1,055
1,094
1982
 
83
.......................
3,877
4,406
4,466
4,356
2,713
1,626
2,139
2,081
2,173
675
1,064
1,078
1,150
1,028
873
1,187
1,189
1,235
1,155
1,165
1983
 
84
.......................
4,167
4,747
4,793
4,712
2,854
1,783
2,344
2,300
2,368
730
1,145
1,162
1,211
1,130
916
1,239
1,242
1,282
1,214
1,208
1984
 
85
.......................
4,563
5,160
5,236
5,107
3,179
1,985
2,567
2,539
2,583
821
1,267
1,282
1,343
1,242
1,058
1,310
1,311
1,353
1,282
1,301
1985
 
86
2
.....................
4,885
5,504
5,597
5,441
3,367
2,181
2,784
2,770
2,793
888
1,338
1,355
1,424
1,309
1,107
1,365
1,365
1,403
1,339
1,372
1986
 
87
3
.....................
5,206
5,964
6,124
5,857
3,295
2,312
3,042
3,042
3,042
897
1,405
1,427
1,501
1,376
1,034
1,489
1,495
1,581
1,439
1,364
1987
 
88
.......................
5,494
6,272
6,339
6,226
3,263
2,458
3,201
3,168
3,220
809
1,488
1,516
1,576
1,478
1,017
1,549
1,555
1,596
1,529
1,437
1988
 
89
.......................
5,869
6,725
6,801
6,673
3,573
2,658
3,472
3,422
3,499
979
1,575
1,609
1,665
1,573
1,085
1,636
1,644
1,715
1,601
1,509
1989
 
90
.......................
6,207
7,212
7,347
7,120
3,705
2,839
3,800
3,765
3,819
978
1,638
1,675
1,732
1,638
1,105
1,730
1,737
1,850
1,663
1,622
1990
 
91
.......................
6,562
7,602
7,709
7,528
3,930
3,016
4,009
3,958
4,036
1,087
1,743
1,782
1,848
1,740
1,182
1,802
1,811
1,903
1,751
1,660
1991
 
92
.......................
7,077
8,238
8,390
8,142
4,092
3,286
4,385
4,368
4,394
1,189
1,874
1,921
1,996
1,875
1,210
1,918
1,931
2,026
1,872
1,692
1992
 
93
.......................
7,452
8,758
8,934
8,648
4,207
3,517
4,752
4,665
4,795
1,276
1,939
1,991
2,104
1,926
1,240
1,996
2,015
2,165
1,927
1,692
1993
 
94
.......................
7,931
9,296
9,495
9,186
4,449
3,827
5,119
5,104
5,127
1,399
2,057
2,111
2,190
2,068
1,332
2,047
2,067
2,201
1,992
1,718
1994
 
95
.......................
8,306
9,728
9,863
9,646
4,633
4,044
5,391
5,287
5,441
1,488
2,145
2,200
2,281
2,155
1,396
2,116
2,138
2,295
2,049
1,750
1995
 
96
.......................
8,800
10,330
10,560
10,195
4,725
4,338
5,786
5,733
5,812
1,522
2,264
2,318
2,423
2,260
1,473
2,199
2,226
2,404
2,123
1,730
1996
 
97
.......................
9,206
10,841
11,033
10,726
4,895
4,564
6,118
6,055
6,150
1,543
2,365
2,422
2,518
2,368
1,522
2,276
2,301
2,460
2,208
1,830
1997
 
98
4
.....................
9,536
11,227
11,388
11,129
5,075
4,726
6,329
6,229
6,378
1,582
2,463
2,525
2,613
2,477
1,587
2,347
2,372
2,546
2,274
1,907
Public
institutions
1964
 
65
.......................
950
 
1,051
867
638
243
 
298
224
99
271
 
291
241
178
436
 
462
402
361
1965
 
66
.......................
983
 
1,105
904
670
257
 
327
241
109
281
 
304
255
194
445
 
474
408
367
1966
 
67
.......................
1,026
 
1,171
947
710
275
 
360
259
121
294
 
321
271
213
457
 
490
417
376
1967
 
68
.......................
1,064
 
1,199
997
789
283
 
366
268
144
313
 
337
292
243
468
 
496
437
402
1968
 
69
.......................
1,117
 
1,245
1,063
883
295
 
377
281
170
337
 
359
318
278
485
 
509
464
435
1969
 
70
.......................
1,203
 
1,362
1,135
951
323
 
427
306
178
369
 
395
346
308
511
 
540
483
465
1970
 
71
.......................
1,287
 
1,477
1,206
998
351
 
478
332
187
401
 
431
375
338
535
 
568
499
473
1971
 
72
.......................
1,357
 
1,579
1,263
1,073
376
 
526
354
192
430
 
463
400
366
551
 
590
509
515
1972
 
73
.......................
1,458
 
1,668
1,460
1,197
407
 
566
455
233
476
 
500
455
398
575
 
602
550
566
1973
 
74
.......................
1,517
 
1,707
1,506
1,274
438
 
581
463
274
480
 
505
464
409
599
 
621
579
591
1974
 
75
.......................
1,563
 
1,760
1,558
1,339
432
 
599
448
277
506
 
527
497
424
625
 
634
613
638
1975
 
76
.......................
1,666
 
1,935
1,657
1,386
433
 
642
469
245
544
 
573
533
442
689
 
720
655
699
1976
 
77
.......................
1,789
1,935
2,067
1,827
1,491
479
617
689
564
283
582
592
614
572
465
728
727
763
692
742
1977
 
78
.......................
1,888
2,038
2,170
1,931
1,590
512
655
736
596
306
621
631
649
616
486
755
752
785
720
797
1978
 
79
.......................
1,994
2,145
2,289
2,027
1,691
543
688
777
622
327
655
664
689
641
527
796
793
823
764
837
1979
 
80
.......................
2,165
2,327
2,487
2,198
1,822
583
738
840
662
355
715
725
750
703
574
867
865
898
833
893
1980
 
81
.......................
2,373
2,550
2,712
2,421
2,027
635
804
915
722
391
799
811
827
796
642
940
936
969
904
994
1981
 
82
.......................
2,663
2,871
3,079
2,705
2,224
714
909
1,042
813
434
909
925
970
885
703
1,039
1,036
1,067
1,006
1,086
1982
 
83
.......................
2,945
3,196
3,403
3,032
2,390
798
1,031
1,164
936
473
1,010
1,030
1,072
993
755
1,136
1,134
1,167
1,103
1,162
1983
 
84
.......................
3,156
3,433
3,628
3,285
2,534
891
1,148
1,284
1,052
528
1,087
1,110
1,131
1,092
801
1,178
1,175
1,213
1,141
1,205
1984
 
85
.......................
3,408
3,682
3,899
3,518
2,807
971
1,228
1,386
1,117
584
1,196
1,217
1,237
1,200
921
1,241
1,237
1,276
1,201
1,302
1985
 
86
2
.....................
3,571
3,859
4,146
3,637
2,981
1,045
1,318
1,536
1,157
641
1,242
1,263
1,290
1,240
960
1,285
1,278
1,320
1,240
1,380
1986
 
87
3
.....................
3,805
4,138
4,469
3,891
2,989
1,106
1,414
1,651
1,248
660
1,301
1,323
1,355
1,295
979
1,398
1,401
1,464
1,348
1,349
1987
 
88
.......................
4,050
4,403
4,619
4,250
3,066
1,218
1,537
1,726
1,407
706
1,378
1,410
1,410
1,409
943
1,454
1,456
1,482
1,434
1,417
1988
 
89
.......................
4,274
4,678
4,905
4,526
3,183
1,285
1,646
1,846
1,515
730
1,457
1,496
1,483
1,506
965
1,533
1,536
1,576
1,504
1,488
1989
 
90
.......................
4,504
4,975
5,324
4,723
3,299
1,356
1,780
2,035
1,608
756
1,513
1,557
1,561
1,554
962
1,635
1,638
1,728
1,561
1,581
1990
 
91
.......................
4,757
5,243
5,585
5,004
3,467
1,454
1,888
2,159
1,707
824
1,612
1,657
1,658
1,655
1,050
1,691
1,698
1,767
1,641
1,594
1991
 
92
.......................
5,138
5,693
6,050
5,458
3,623
1,628
2,117
2,409
1,931
936
1,731
1,785
1,789
1,782
1,074
1,780
1,792
1,852
1,745
1,612
1992
 
93
.......................
5,379
6,020
6,442
5,740
3,799
1,782
2,349
2,604
2,192
1,025
1,756
1,816
1,856
1,787
1,106
1,841
1,854
1,982
1,761
1,668
1993
 
94
.......................
5,694
6,365
6,710
6,146
3,996
1,942
2,537
2,820
2,360
1,125
1,873
1,934
1,897
1,958
1,190
1,880
1,895
1,993
1,828
1,681
1994
 
95
.......................
5,965
6,670
7,077
6,409
4,137
2,057
2,681
2,977
2,499
1,192
1,959
2,023
1,992
2,044
1,232
1,949
1,967
2,108
1,866
1,712
1995
 
96
.......................
6,256
7,014
7,448
6,730
4,217
2,179
2,848
3,151
2,660
1,239
2,057
2,121
2,104
2,133
1,297
2,020
2,045
2,192
1,937
1,681
1996
 
97
.......................
6,530
7,334
7,792
7,035
4,404
2,271
2,987
3,323
2,778
1,276
2,148
2,214
2,187
2,232
1,339
2,111
2,133
2,282
2,025
1,789
335
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
311.
 
Average
undergraduate
tuition
and
fees
and
room
and
board
rates
paid
by
full­
time­
equivalent
students
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1964
 
65
to
1997
 
98
 
Continued
Year
and
control
of
institution
Total
tuition,
room,
and
board
Tuition
and
required
fees
(
in­
state)
Dormitory
rooms
Board
(
7­
day
basis)
1
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
All
4­
year
Universities
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1997
 
98
4
.....................
6,788
7,628
8,148
7,290
4,601
2,365
3,110
3,489
2,876
1,318
2,243
2,314
2,280
2,338
1,419
2,180
2,204
2,380
2,076
1,864
Private
institutions
1964
 
65
.......................
1,907
 
2,202
1,810
1,455
1,088
 
1,297
1,023
702
331
 
390
308
289
488
 
515
479
464
1965
 
66
.......................
2,005
 
2,316
1,899
1,557
1,154
 
1,369
1,086
768
356
 
418
330
316
495
 
529
483
473
1966
 
67
.......................
2,124
 
2,456
2,007
1,679
1,233
 
1,456
1,162
845
385
 
452
355
347
506
 
548
490
487
1967
 
68
.......................
2,205
 
2,545
2,104
1,762
1,297
 
1,534
1,237
892
392
 
455
366
366
516
 
556
501
504
1968
 
69
.......................
2,321
 
2,673
2,237
1,876
1,383
 
1,638
1,335
956
404
 
463
382
391
534
 
572
520
529
1969
 
70
.......................
2,530
 
2,920
2,420
1,993
1,533
 
1,809
1,468
1,034
436
 
503
409
413
561
 
608
543
546
1970
 
71
.......................
2,738
 
3,163
2,599
2,103
1,684
 
1,980
1,603
1,109
468
 
542
434
434
586
 
641
562
560
1971
 
72
.......................
2,917
 
3,375
2,748
2,186
1,820
 
2,133
1,721
1,172
494
 
576
454
449
603
 
666
573
565
1972
 
73
.......................
3,038
 
3,512
2,934
2,273
1,898
 
2,226
1,846
1,221
524
 
622
490
457
616
 
664
598
595
1973
 
74
.......................
3,164
 
3,717
3,040
2,410
1,989
 
2,375
1,925
1,303
533
 
622
502
483
642
 
720
613
624
1974
 
75
.......................
3,403
 
4,076
3,156
2,591
2,117
 
2,614
1,954
1,367
586
 
691
536
564
700
 
771
666
660
1975
 
76
.......................
3,663
 
4,467
3,385
2,711
2,272
 
2,881
2,084
1,427
636
 
753
583
572
755
 
833
718
712
1976
 
77
.......................
3,906
3,977
4,715
3,714
2,971
2,467
2,534
3,051
2,351
1,592
649
651
783
604
607
790
791
882
759
772
1977
 
78
.......................
4,158
4,240
5,033
3,967
3,148
2,624
2,700
3,240
2,520
1,706
698
702
850
648
631
836
838
943
800
811
1978
 
79
.......................
4,514
4,609
5,403
4,327
3,389
2,867
2,958
3,487
2,771
1,831
758
761
916
704
700
889
890
1,000
851
858
1979
 
80
.......................
4,912
5,013
5,891
4,700
3,751
3,130
3,225
3,811
3,020
2,062
827
831
1,001
768
766
955
957
1,078
912
923
1980
 
81
.......................
5,470
5,594
6,569
5,249
4,303
3,498
3,617
4,275
3,390
2,413
918
921
1,086
859
871
1,054
1,056
1,209
1,000
1,019
1981
 
82
.......................
6,166
6,330
7,443
5,947
4,746
3,953
4,113
4,887
3,853
2,605
1,038
1,039
1,229
970
1,022
1,175
1,178
1,327
1,124
1,119
1982
 
83
.......................
6,920
7,126
8,536
6,646
5,364
4,439
4,639
5,583
4,329
3,008
1,181
1,181
1,453
1,083
1,177
1,300
1,306
1,501
1,234
1,179
1983
 
84
.......................
7,508
7,759
9,308
7,244
5,571
4,851
5,093
6,217
4,726
3,099
1,278
1,279
1,531
1,191
1,253
1,380
1,387
1,559
1,327
1,219
1984
 
85
.......................
8,202
8,451
10,243
7,849
6,203
5,315
5,556
6,843
5,135
3,485
1,426
1,426
1,753
1,309
1,424
1,462
1,469
1,647
1,405
1,294
1985
 
86
2
.....................
8,885
9,228
11,034
8,551
6,512
5,789
6,121
7,374
5,641
3,672
1,553
1,557
1,940
1,420
1,500
1,542
1,551
1,720
1,490
1,340
1986
 
87
3
.....................
9,676
10,039
12,278
9,276
6,384
6,316
6,658
8,118
6,171
3,684
1,658
1,673
2,097
1,518
1,266
1,702
1,708
2,063
1,587
1,434
1987
 
88
.......................
10,512
10,659
13,075
9,854
7,078
6,988
7,116
8,771
6,574
4,161
1,748
1,760
2,244
1,593
1,380
1,775
1,783
2,060
1,687
1,537
1988
 
89
.......................
11,189
11,474
14,073
10,620
7,967
7,461
7,722
9,451
7,172
4,817
1,849
1,863
2,353
1,686
1,540
1,880
1,889
2,269
1,762
1,609
1989
 
90
.......................
12,018
12,284
15,098
11,374
8,670
8,147
8,396
10,348
7,778
5,196
1,923
1,935
2,411
1,774
1,663
1,948
1,953
2,339
1,823
1,811
1990
 
91
.......................
12,910
13,237
16,503
12,220
9,302
8,772
9,083
11,379
8,389
5,570
2,063
2,077
2,654
1,889
1,744
2,074
2,077
2,470
1,943
1,989
1991
 
92
.......................
13,892
14,258
17,572
13,201
9,632
9,419
9,759
12,037
9,060
5,754
2,221
2,241
2,825
2,042
1,788
2,252
2,257
2,709
2,098
2,090
1992
 
93
.......................
14,634
15,009
18,898
13,882
9,903
9,942
10,294
13,055
9,533
6,059
2,348
2,362
3,018
2,151
1,970
2,344
2,354
2,825
2,197
1,875
1993
 
94
.......................
15,496
15,904
20,097
14,640
10,406
10,572
10,952
13,874
10,100
6,370
2,490
2,506
3,277
2,261
2,067
2,434
2,445
2,946
2,278
1,970
1994
 
95
.......................
16,207
16,602
21,041
15,363
11,170
11,111
11,481
14,537
10,653
6,914
2,587
2,601
3,469
2,347
2,233
2,509
2,520
3,035
2,362
2,023
1995
 
96
.......................
17,208
17,612
22,502
16,198
11,563
11,864
12,243
15,605
11,297
7,094
2,738
2,751
3,680
2,473
2,371
2,606
2,617
3,218
2,429
2,098
1996
 
97
.......................
18,039
18,442
23,520
16,994
11,954
12,498
12,881
16,552
11,871
7,236
2,878
2,889
3,826
2,602
2,537
2,663
2,672
3,142
2,520
2,181
1997
 
98
4
.....................
18,745
19,143
24,423
17,712
12,481
13,013
13,392
17,197
12,388
7,536
2,990
3,002
4,001
2,717
2,624
2,742
2,750
3,224
2,608
2,321
1
Data
for
1986
 
87
and
later
years
reflect
20
meals
per
week
rather
than
meals
7
days
per
week.

2
Room
and
board
data
are
estimated.

3
Because
of
revisions
in
data
collection
procedures,
figures
are
not
entirely
comparable
with
those
for
previous
years.
In
particular,
data
on
board
rates
are
somewhat
higher
than
earlier
years
because
they
reflect
a
basis
of
20
meals
per
week
rather
than
meals
served
7
days
per
week.
Since
many
institutions
serve
fewer
than
3
meals
each
day,
the
1986
 
87
and
later
data
reflect
a
more
accurate
accounting
of
total
board
costs.
Because
of
their
low
response
rate,
data
for
private
2­
year
colleges
must
be
interpreted
with
caution.

4
Preliminary
data
based
on
fall
1996
enrollment
weights.

 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
the
entire
academic
year
and
are
average
charges
paid
by
students.
Tuition
and
fees
were
weighted
by
the
number
of
full­
time­
equivalent
undergraduates,
but
were
not
adjusted
to
reflect
student
residency.

Room
and
board
were
based
on
full­
time
students.
The
data
have
not
been
adjusted
for
changes
in
the
purchasing
power
of
the
dollar
over
time.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,

details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Institutional
Characteristics
of
Colleges
and
Universities''
and
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
and
``

Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
336
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
312.
 
Average
undergraduate
tuition
and
fees
and
room
and
board
rates
paid
by
full­
time­
equivalent
students
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
of
institution
and
by
state:
1996
 
97
and
1997
 
98
State
or
other
area
Public
4­
year,
1996
 
97
Public
4­
year,
1997
 
98
1
Private
4­
year,
1996
 
97
Private
4­
year,
1997
 
98
1
Public
2­
year,
tuition
only
(
in­
state)

Total
Tuition
(
instate
Total
Tuition
(
instate
Room
Board
Total
Tuition
Total
Tuition
Room
Board
1996
 
97
1997
 
98
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
United
States
.......
$
7,334
$
2,987
$
7,628
$
3,110
$
2,314
$
2,204
$
18,442
$
12,881
$
19,143
$
13,392
$
3,002
$
2,750
$
1,276
$
1,318
Alabama
.....................
6,002
2,362
6,354
2,487
1,888
1,979
12,164
8,002
12,724
8,350
1,958
2,416
1,359
1,343
Alaska
........................
6,892
2,550
7,131
2,609
2,585
1,937
12,707
8,131
13,214
8,377
2,008
2,828
1,850
1,900
Arizona
.......................
6,314
2,009
6,669
2,058
2,403
2,208
12,330
7,886
11,388
6,992
2,042
2,354
783
820
Arkansas
....................
5,402
2,258
5,890
2,451
1,879
1,560
10,784
7,037
11,506
7,581
1,630
2,296
937
942
California
....................
8,304
2,720
8,491
2,709
3,164
2,619
20,760
14,429
19,745
13,469
3,258
3,018
371
379
Colorado
.....................
7,321
2,561
7,552
2,622
2,249
2,680
18,137
12,003
18,882
12,661
2,900
3,321
1,395
1,449
Connecticut
................
9,256
4,111
9,652
4,273
2,855
2,524
23,916
17,458
25,083
18,345
3,814
2,924
1,722
1,814
Delaware
....................
8,886
4,170
9,165
4,318
2,589
2,257
12,602
7,444
13,354
7,829
2,950
2,575
1,330
1,380
District
of
Columbia
....
 
1,502
 
1,910
 
 
22,599
15,586
23,807
16,496
4,361
2,949
 
 
Florida
........................
6,559
1,789
6,890
1,909
2,621
2,360
16,029
11,112
17,057
11,687
2,792
2,577
1,151
1,252
Georgia
......................
6,508
2,241
6,924
2,356
2,298
2,270
16,409
10,942
17,133
11,374
3,233
2,527
1,093
1,153
Hawaii
........................
 
2,294
 
2,790
 
 
14,151
6,541
14,448
6,748
3,000
4,700
789
956
Idaho
..........................
5,681
1,979
6,074
2,201
1,615
2,258
15,722
12,210
15,167
11,661
1,312
2,195
1,043
1,102
Illinois
.........................
8,193
3,522
8,537
3,701
2,237
2,600
17,606
12,376
18,580
13,105
2,963
2,513
1,290
1,347
Indiana
.......................
8,110
3,198
8,494
3,344
2,112
3,037
17,670
13,234
18,625
13,986
2,186
2,452
2,331
2,415
Iowa
............................
6,174
2,655
6,426
2,761
1,865
1,800
16,562
12,403
17,472
13,094
2,010
2,368
1,845
1,885
Kansas
.......................
5,895
2,219
6,098
2,311
1,833
1,953
12,995
9,129
13,737
9,688
1,685
2,364
1,248
1,285
Kentucky
....................
5,460
2,241
5,662
2,328
1,473
1,861
12,085
8,138
12,885
8,570
1,941
2,374
1,215
1,232
Louisiana
....................
5,637
2,233
5,710
2,269
1,573
1,868
18,407
12,885
18,928
13,212
2,922
2,794
1,047
1,080
Maine
.........................
8,262
3,648
8,576
3,880
2,319
2,378
22,619
16,956
24,505
18,645
2,764
3,096
2,545
2,594
Maryland
....................
9,179
3,849
9,717
4,135
2,976
2,606
21,967
15,332
23,079
16,209
3,755
3,116
2,102
2,171
Massachusetts
...........
9,045
4,272
8,894
3,981
2,564
2,350
24,339
17,188
25,620
18,149
4,095
3,376
2,341
2,221
Michigan
.....................
8,645
3,988
8,947
4,131
2,190
2,625
13,930
9,580
14,459
10,018
2,210
2,230
1,576
1,618
Minnesota
...................
7,148
3,546
7,617
3,776
2,193
1,649
17,980
13,623
18,559
14,046
2,220
2,293
2,187
2,245
Mississippi
..................
5,532
2,499
5,534
2,568
1,526
1,440
10,482
7,210
11,226
7,725
1,773
1,729
954
958
Missouri
......................
7,204
3,245
7,520
3,394
2,303
1,824
14,763
9,990
15,504
10,475
2,430
2,598
1,281
1,311
Montana
.....................
6,511
2,490
6,855
2,607
1,987
2,260
11,701
7,858
12,476
8,469
1,716
2,291
1,610
1,713
Nebraska
....................
5,722
2,269
6,100
2,414
1,563
2,123
13,748
9,797
14,456
10,308
1,989
2,159
1,227
1,267
Nevada
.......................
7,707
1,815
7,295
1,884
3,231
2,179
 
7,731
12,707
7,391
3,000
2,316
1,010
1,106
New
Hampshire
.........
9,123
4,641
9,846
5,193
2,821
1,831
21,436
15,839
21,129
15,729
3,160
2,240
2,858
3,177
New
Jersey
................
9,661
4,269
10,235
4,562
3,374
2,299
20,984
14,371
21,825
15,125
3,521
3,180
1,949
2,033
New
Mexico
...............
5,428
2,014
5,459
2,068
1,659
1,732
14,823
9,944
14,490
9,408
2,460
2,622
659
679
New
York
...................
9,294
3,802
9,460
3,844
3,124
2,492
21,528
14,544
22,569
15,246
4,058
3,265
2,519
2,576
North
Carolina
............
5,440
1,841
5,919
1,895
1,926
2,098
16,311
11,651
17,177
12,342
2,337
2,499
581
584
North
Dakota
..............
5,924
2,381
6,264
2,545
1,130
2,590
10,437
7,434
10,794
7,705
1,356
1,732
1,783
1,798
Ohio
............................
8,490
3,841
9,022
4,009
2,668
2,345
17,905
12,980
18,681
13,559
2,541
2,581
2,335
2,388
Oklahoma
...................
5,076
1,937
5,301
2,054
1,330
1,917
11,563
7,622
12,960
8,881
1,924
2,155
1,268
1,285
Oregon
.......................
7,988
3,408
8,394
3,496
1,963
2,935
19,869
14,769
21,096
15,796
2,473
2,827
1,526
1,573
Pennsylvania
..............
9,501
4,994
9,769
5,188
2,419
2,162
20,887
14,927
21,684
15,569
3,213
2,901
2,013
2,098
Rhode
Island
..............
9,648
3,903
9,962
4,013
3,100
2,848
22,490
15,675
23,209
16,263
3,881
3,066
1,736
1,746
South
Carolina
...........
7,238
3,205
7,160
3,414
2,153
1,594
14,125
10,207
14,847
10,755
1,994
2,098
1,114
1,162
South
Dakota
.............
5,814
2,722
5,993
2,900
1,335
1,758
13,756
9,617
14,538
9,950
1,766
2,822
3,430
3,930
Tennessee
.................
5,498
2,052
5,788
2,296
1,807
1,685
14,970
10,450
15,684
11,047
2,380
2,257
1,047
1,133
Texas
.........................
5,911
2,028
6,313
2,273
2,093
1,946
13,684
9,373
14,554
9,970
2,230
2,355
791
820
Utah
............................
5,559
2,011
5,953
2,113
1,524
2,316
7,697
3,094
7,787
3,183
1,436
3,167
1,390
1,439
Vermont
......................
11,360
6,533
11,469
6,492
3,259
1,718
22,855
16,474
23,917
17,158
3,774
2,985
2,516
2,616
Virginia
.......................
8,450
3,968
8,627
4,045
2,390
2,192
15,775
11,165
16,612
11,809
2,288
2,515
1,466
1,475
Washington
................
7,320
2,933
7,704
3,036
2,379
2,289
18,461
13,656
19,198
14,072
2,645
2,482
1,447
1,516
West
Virginia
..............
6,348
2,091
6,558
2,168
2,134
2,256
15,184
10,774
15,673
11,166
1,941
2,567
1,373
1,404
Wisconsin
...................
6,075
2,748
6,409
2,958
1,861
1,590
16,864
12,478
17,430
12,948
2,021
2,462
1,947
2,061
Wyoming
....................
6,016
2,144
6,450
2,326
1,724
2,400
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,048
1,157
1
Preliminary
data
based
on
fall
1996
enrollments.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
the
entire
academic
year
and
are
average
charges.
Tuition
and
fees
were
weighted
by
the
number
of
full­
time­
equivalent
undergraduates
in
1996,
but
are
not
adjusted
to
reflect
student
residency.
Room
and
board
are
based
on
full­
time
students.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
and
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
337
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
313.
 
Average
graduate
and
first­
professional
tuition
and
required
fees
in
institutions
of
higher
education:
1987
 
88
to
1997
 
98
Year
Average
full­
time
graduate
tuition
Average
full­
time
first­
professional
tuition
Chiropractic
Dentistry
Medicine
Optometry
Osteopathic
medicine
Pharmacy
Podiatry
Veterinary
medicine
Law
Theology
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
All
institutions
1987
 
88
..........................
$
3,599
$
6,996
$
9,399
$
9,034
$
7,926
$
10,674
$
5,201
$
12,736
$
4,503
$
6,636
$
3,572
1988
 
89
..........................
3,728
7,972
9,324
9,439
8,503
11,462
4,952
13,232
4,856
7,099
3,911
1989
 
90
..........................
4,135
8,315
10,515
10,597
9,469
11,888
5,890
14,611
5,470
8,059
4,079
1990
 
91
..........................
4,488
9,108
10,270
10,571
9,512
12,830
5,889
15,143
5,396
8,708
4,569
1991
 
92
..........................
5,116
10,226
12,049
11,646
9,610
13,004
6,731
16,257
6,367
9,469
4,876
1992
 
93
..........................
5,475
11,117
12,710
12,265
10,858
14,297
6,635
17,426
6,771
10,463
5,331
1993
 
94
..........................
5,973
11,503
14,403
13,074
10,385
15,038
7,960
17,621
7,159
11,552
5,253
1994
 
95
..........................
6,247
12,324
15,164
13,834
11,053
15,913
8,315
18,138
7,741
12,374
5,648
1995
 
96
..........................
6,741
12,507
15,647
14,860
11,544
16,785
8,602
18,434
8,208
13,278
5,991
1996
 
97
1
.......................
7,111
12,740
16,400
15,722
12,247
17,782
9,320
19,042
8,662
14,162
6,444
1997
 
98
2
.......................
7,243
13,234
17,428
16,402
12,986
18,625
9,792
19,379
9,066
15,022
6,752
Public
3
1987
 
88
..........................
1,827
 
4,614
5,245
2,789
5,125
2,462
 
3,523
2,810
 
1988
 
89
..........................
1,913
 
5,286
5,669
3,455
6,269
2,218
 
3,889
2,766
 
1989
 
90
..........................
1,999
 
5,728
6,259
3,569
6,521
2,816
 
4,505
3,196
 
1990
 
91
..........................
2,206
 
5,927
6,437
3,821
7,188
2,697
 
4,840
3,430
 
1991
 
92
..........................
2,524
 
6,595
7,106
4,161
7,699
2,871
 
5,231
3,933
 
1992
 
93
..........................
2,791
 
7,006
7,867
5,106
8,404
2,987
 
5,553
4,261
 
1993
 
94
..........................
3,050
 
7,525
8,329
5,325
8,640
3,567
 
6,107
4,835
 
1994
 
95
..........................
3,250
 
8,125
8,812
5,643
8,954
3,793
 
6,571
5,307
 
1995
 
96
..........................
3,449
 
8,806
9,585
6,130
9,448
4,100
 
6,907
5,821
 
1996
 
97
1
.......................
3,607
 
9,451
10,203
6,590
9,893
4,703
 
7,320
6,556
 
1997
 
98
2
.......................
3,754
 
9,821
10,653
7,316
10,358
5,032
 
7,682
7,035
 
Private
1987
 
88
..........................
6,769
6,996
16,201
14,945
11,635
13,311
8,834
12,736
12,544
9,048
3,572
1988
 
89
..........................
6,945
7,972
16,127
15,610
12,050
13,536
9,692
13,232
13,285
9,892
3,911
1989
 
90
..........................
7,881
8,315
16,800
16,826
13,640
14,117
10,656
14,611
14,184
10,901
4,079
1990
 
91
..........................
8,507
9,108
18,270
17,899
13,767
15,009
11,546
15,143
14,159
12,247
4,569
1991
 
92
..........................
9,592
10,226
20,318
19,225
14,366
16,098
12,937
16,257
15,816
12,946
4,876
1992
 
93
..........................
10,008
11,117
21,309
19,585
14,459
17,098
13,373
17,426
17,103
13,975
5,331
1993
 
94
..........................
10,790
11,503
23,824
20,769
14,156
17,720
14,838
17,621
17,433
15,193
5,253
1994
 
95
..........................
11,338
12,324
24,641
21,819
14,497
18,422
14,894
18,138
17,940
16,201
5,648
1995
 
96
..........................
12,083
12,507
25,678
23,001
15,235
19,619
15,618
18,434
19,380
17,251
5,991
1996
 
97
1
.......................
12,537
12,740
26,590
24,240
16,102
20,829
16,514
19,042
20,188
18,194
6,444
1997
 
98
2
.......................
12,879
13,234
29,667
25,379
16,851
21,818
17,212
19,379
20,948
19,256
6,752
1
Preliminary
first­
professional
figures
based
on
1995
 
96
graduates.
2
Preliminary
graduate
figures
based
on
fall
1996
data
and
first­
professional
figures
based
on
1995
 
96
graduates.
3
Data
are
based
on
in­
state
tuition
only.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Average
graduate
student
tuition
weighted
by
fall
full­
time­
equivalent
graduate
enrollment.
Average
first­
professional
tuition
weighted
by
number
of
degrees
conferred
during
the
academic
year.
Some
year­
to­
year
fluctuations
in
tuition
data
may
reflect
nonreporting
by
individual
institutions.
Excludes
institutions
not
reporting
degrees
conferred
and
institutions
not
reporting
tuition.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Institutional
Characteristics,''
``
Fall
Enrollment,''
and
``
Degrees
Conferred''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
338
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
314.
 
Percent
of
undergraduates
receiving
financial
aid,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
and
selected
student
characteristics:
1995
 
96
Selected
student
characteristics
Enrollment
of
undergraduates
1
in
thousands
Any
aid
Grants
Loans
Work
study
Other
Total
2
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
3
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Percent
of
all
undergraduates
receiving
aid
All
undergraduates
.............
16,677
49.7
36.6
32.0
39.0
21.9
27.6
25.6
25.3
1.1
5.0
7.4
2.4
4.8
Sex
Men
.....................................
7,197
46.7
33.1
31.4
35.8
18.2
26.4
24.4
23.9
1.3
4.3
8.7
2.7
5.8
Women
................................
9,481
51.9
39.2
32.5
41.4
24.8
28.5
26.5
26.2
0.9
5.6
6.5
2.2
4.2
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
............
11,681
47.1
33.2
31.1
35.4
16.6
26.9
25.6
25.2
1.0
4.6
7.5
2.5
4.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
............
2,030
62.9
50.0
38.3
52.8
38.1
31.7
30.9
30.4
1.3
6.1
9.8
2.6
7.0
Hispanic
...............................
1,723
54.2
44.6
30.6
47.3
36.1
27.2
22.3
22.0
0.9
5.8
5.2
1.5
3.6
Asian
American/
Pacific
Islander
................
967
42.9
33.1
30.8
35.7
22.9
27.5
21.3
20.7
1.3
6.6
5.7
2.2
3.5
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.................
163
59.4
47.8
37.1
48.4
37.3
27.3
25.2
25.2
0.2
3.9
12.0
1.5
7.7
Age
23
years
old
or
younger
......
9,116
53.5
42.1
34.0
41.7
22.7
30.9
31.1
30.7
1.2
7.7
7.7
4.4
3.4
24
to
29
years
old
...............
3,049
49.0
37.8
29.2
38.5
25.5
23.3
25.8
25.5
1.0
2.5
7.1
0.0
6.9
30
years
old
or
over
............
4,513
42.5
24.8
29.9
33.9
18.0
23.8
14.5
14.1
0.8
1.4
7.1
0.0
6.4
Marital
status
Married
................................
3,494
45.2
27.6
30.5
35.4
18.7
24.2
16.8
16.5
0.7
1.4
7.3
0.0
6.8
Not
married
4
.......................
12,861
50.4
38.4
32.2
39.4
22.0
28.5
27.9
27.5
1.2
6.1
7.3
3.1
4.1
Separated
............................
322
70.9
61.6
38.7
62.0
54.3
29.1
30.0
30.0
0.8
3.3
13.4
0.1
12.5
Attendance
status
Full­
time,
full­
year
................
6,306
68.4
55.6
45.7
54.1
30.6
41.0
43.7
43.2
1.7
11.0
10.9
5.0
5.9
Part­
time
and
part­
year
.......
10,372
38.3
24.8
24.0
29.9
16.6
19.7
14.4
14.1
0.7
1.4
5.4
0.8
4.3
Dependency
status
Dependent
...........................
8,201
50.9
39.2
33.4
38.8
18.9
30.7
30.5
30.1
1.3
7.8
7.7
4.9
3.0
Less
than
$
20,000
...........
1,543
70.2
62.9
43.0
66.3
57.0
40.4
35.4
35.2
1.1
10.9
6.5
3.0
3.6
$
20,000
 
$
39,999
.............
1,873
60.3
49.2
40.5
51.0
31.7
38.1
38.2
37.4
2.0
10.4
7.5
4.4
3.2
$
40,000
 
$
59,999
.............
1,865
47.4
34.6
31.8
30.4
3.7
29.2
32.4
32.2
1.1
7.8
9.0
6.3
2.9
$
60,000
 
$
79,999
.............
1,366
42.5
28.4
28.1
25.3
0.5
25.3
27.0
26.6
1.1
5.8
8.1
5.6
2.6
$
80,000
 
$
99,999
.............
681
37.6
24.4
24.4
50.4
0.2
20.3
23.3
23.1
0.6
4.9
9.0
6.0
3.2
$
100,000
or
more
............
873
27.5
13.9
19.7
17.3
0.3
17.1
12.6
12.2
1.0
2.7
6.0
4.1
1.9
Independent
........................
8,476
48.5
34.1
30.7
39.2
24.8
24.6
20.9
20.5
0.9
2.3
7.1
0.0
6.7
Less
than
$
9,999
.............
2,470
67.4
59.0
37.5
60.5
52.3
30.8
34.0
33.7
1.1
5.7
8.4
0.0
8.2
$
10,000
 
$
19,999
.............
1,923
50.6
38.6
29.8
38.4
24.4
23.2
23.7
23.1
1.3
1.6
7.7
0.0
7.2
$
20,000
 
$
29,999
.............
1,382
41.9
26.0
28.3
34.0
18.3
22.9
15.7
15.4
0.9
0.9
6.3
0.0
5.9
$
30,000
 
$
49,999
.............
1,502
36.3
16.4
27.3
24.7
6.0
21.0
12.3
12.1
0.4
0.6
6.9
0.0
6.2
$
50,000
or
more
..............
1,201
29.3
7.0
25.1
20.7
0.1
20.7
5.9
5.8
0.2
0.1
4.9
0.0
4.3
Housing
status
School­
owned
......................
2,292
73.6
60.0
54.6
59.5
26.6
51.6
53.1
52.5
2.4
18.9
13.7
9.3
4.7
Off­
campus,
not
with
parents
.............................
10,188
46.1
32.5
29.0
35.5
20.6
23.8
22.2
21.8
0.9
2.8
7.0
1.1
5.5
With
parents
........................
4,197
45.3
33.7
26.9
36.4
22.6
23.8
19.0
18.7
0.7
2.9
5.1
1.6
3.3
1
Numbers
of
undergraduates
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables,
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey.
Includes
all
postsecondary
institutions.

2
Includes
students
who
reported
they
were
awarded
aid,
but
did
not
specify
the
source
or
type
of
aid.

3
Details
on
federal
and
nonfederal
work
study
participants
are
not
available.

4
Includes
students
who
were
single,
divorced,
or
widowed.
 
Data
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding
and/
or
the
fact
that
some
students
receive
aid
from
multiple
sources,
row
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse,
enrollment
data
may
not
add
to
totals.
Data
include
undergraduates
in
noncollegiate
and
collegiate
institutions.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
339
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
315.
 
Average
amount
of
financial
aid
awarded
in
1995
 
96
per
student,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
and
selected
student
characteristics
Selected
student
characteristics
Enrollment
of
undergraduates
1
in
thousands
Any
aid
Grants
Loans
Work
study
Other
Total
2
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
3
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
1995
 
96
award
for
full­
time,
full­
year
undergraduates
enrolled
in
fall
1995
(
Award
averages
are
computed
for
students
participating
in
the
designated
program.)

All
full­
time,
full­
year
undergraduates
...............
6,306
$
6,832
$
5,362
$
3,883
$
3,864
$
2,001
$
3,599
$
4,345
$
4,288
$
2,747
$
1,371
$
4,904
$
6,334
$
3,463
Sex
Men
.....................................
2,843
6,847
5,553
3,952
3,759
1,961
3,532
4,396
4,339
2,729
1,350
4,983
6,261
3,788
Women
................................
3,462
6,821
5,225
3,831
3,939
2,027
3,648
4,308
4,251
2,762
1,384
4,818
6,400
3,053
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
............
4,500
6,836
5,549
3,848
3,762
1,894
3,541
4,437
4,366
2,912
1,367
5,070
6,426
3,550
Black,
non­
Hispanic
............
674
6,945
5,262
3,739
3,904
2,122
3,533
4,070
4,046
2,197
1,370
4,147
5,717
3,000
Hispanic
...............................
588
5,999
4,644
3,328
3,486
2,113
3,017
4,168
4,137
2,235
1,152
4,527
6,047
3,475
Asian
American/
Pacific
Islander
................
423
8,099
5,106
5,200
5,477
2,164
5,028
4,073
4,053
2,414
1,618
5,364
6,625
4,050
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.................
59
6,591
5,046
3,792
3,961
2,301
3,658
4,278
4,244
 
 
 
 
 
Age
23
years
old
or
younger
......
4,989
6,903
5,172
4,154
4,172
1,997
3,924
4,003
3,927
3,036
1,346
5,362
6,334
3,543
24
to
29
years
old
...............
686
6,909
6,165
2,814
2,829
1,992
2,087
5,471
5,471
1,668
1,569
3,652
 
3,364
30
years
old
or
over
............
631
6,255
5,628
2,941
2,887
2,033
2,247
5,391
5,389
1,611
1,516
3,633
 
3,380
Marital
status
Married
................................
600
6,143
5,587
2,926
2,744
1,914
2,225
5,296
5,284
2,826
1,576
3,729
 
3,318
Not
married
4
.......................
5,626
6,944
5,342
4,008
4,022
2,013
3,748
4,230
4,168
2,749
1,360
5,116
6,334
3,540
Separated
............................
80
5,378
4,877
2,473
2,650
2,061
1,850
4,532
4,519
 
 
2,675
 
2,703
Dependency
status
Dependent
...........................
4,659
6,938
5,137
4,253
4,279
1,969
4,027
3,900
3,820
3,015
1,348
5,475
6,334
3,590
Less
than
$
20,000
...........
808
7,198
4,921
4,063
4,682
2,329
3,896
3,778
3,737
1,844
1,317
3,616
4,534
2,858
$
20,000
 
$
39,999
.............
1,042
7,258
4,930
4,388
4,296
1,619
4,208
3,975
3,924
2,441
1,360
4,212
5,207
2,608
$
40,000
 
$
59,999
.............
1,043
6,913
5,090
4,436
4,176
1,147
4,180
3,908
3,819
3,044
1,387
5,277
5,643
3,807
$
60,000
 
$
79,999
.............
798
6,455
5,338
4,236
3,992
1,370
3,972
3,904
3,815
3,340
1,278
6,337
6,779
4,766
$
80,000
 
$
99,999
.............
399
6,758
6,008
4,207
3,839
 
3,843
3,793
3,731
 
1,288
7,756
7,936
6,671
$
100,000
or
more
............
568
6,051
6,319
3,816
3,481
 
3,465
4,082
3,707
6,051
1,523
7,990
9,705
3,668
Independent
........................
1,647
6,587
5,822
2,872
2,939
2,043
2,234
5,368
5,362
1,936
1,474
3,606
 
3,355
Less
than
$
9,999
.............
754
7,051
5,920
2,800
3,151
2,111
2,256
5,251
5,263
1,573
1,473
3,448
 
3,248
$
10,000
 
$
19,999
.............
377
6,310
5,695
2,653
2,756
2,115
2,060
5,526
5,516
1,678
1,708
3,174
 
3,061
$
20,000
 
$
29,999
.............
213
6,065
5,789
2,812
2,386
1,805
1,790
5,245
5,254
 
 
4,544
 
4,254
$
30,000
 
$
49,999
.............
187
6,420
5,857
3,770
2,687
1,147
2,951
5,949
5,856
 
 
4,247
 
3,797
$
50,000
or
more
..............
117
4,597
5,095
3,186
2,647
 
2,647
4,984
4,933
 
 
3,087
 
2,387
Housing
status
School­
owned
......................
1,802
8,907
5,931
5,370
5,409
2,118
5,039
3,996
3,887
3,235
1,408
5,929
6,728
3,772
Off­
campus,
not
with
parents
.............................
2,731
6,466
5,630
3,178
3,192
1,975
2,777
4,889
4,861
2,458
1,390
4,294
6,035
3,412
With
parents
........................
1,772
4,629
3,980
2,613
2,856
1,935
2,405
3,693
3,672
2,105
1,163
4,014
5,166
3,197
Average
1995
 
96
award
for
other
undergraduates
enrolled
in
fall
1995
(
Award
averages
are
computed
for
students
participating
in
the
designated
program.)

All
other
undergraduates
..
10,372
$
2,859
$
3,276
$
1,327
$
1,452
$
1,296
$
1,119
$
3,583
$
3,588
$
1,411
$
1,524
$
2,187
$
4,327
$
1,726
Sex
Men
.....................................
4,353
2,999
3,570
1,525
1,442
1,274
1,195
3,625
3,647
1,285
1,564
2,521
4,009
2,136
Women
................................
6,019
2,772
3,115
1,188
1,458
1,306
1,069
3,556
3,551
1,592
1,502
1,875
4,674
1,355
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
............
7,181
2,869
3,436
1,347
1,378
1,238
1,132
3,620
3,629
1,362
1,537
2,175
4,488
1,695
Black,
non­
Hispanic
............
1,356
2,889
3,166
1,320
1,524
1,315
1,119
3,491
3,500
1,259
1,570
2,081
3,879
1,817
Hispanic
...............................
1,135
2,526
2,740
985
1,431
1,352
829
3,434
3,437
1,646
1,372
2,040
3,325
1,735
Asian
American/
Pacific
Islander
................
544
3,563
3,592
1,817
2,038
1,526
1,549
3,842
3,777
 
1,612
3,356
5,212
2,150
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
.................
105
2,552
2,459
1,296
1,772
1,553
1,166
2,938
2,938
 
 
 
 
 
Age
23
years
old
or
younger
......
4,127
3,159
3,118
1,556
1,683
1,316
1,403
3,097
3,069
1,973
1,442
2,828
4,336
1,742
24
to
29
years
old
...............
2,363
3,062
3,612
1,265
1,308
1,254
944
4,053
4,067
1,071
1,564
2,098
 
1,985
30
years
old
or
over
............
3,882
2,395
3,233
1,181
1,308
1,302
977
4,023
4,097
1,086
1,763
1,669
 
1,562
Marital
status
Married
................................
2,894
2,365
3,201
1,208
1,259
1,245
987
3,979
3,984
1,155
1,994
1,721
 
1,650
Not
married
4
.......................
7,236
3,047
3,318
1,381
1,530
1,312
1,199
3,483
3,490
1,501
1,498
2,406
4,336
1,695
Separated
............................
242
3,123
3,021
1,430
1,515
1,301
768
3,517
3,481
 
 
2,411
 
2,514
Dependency
status
Dependent
...........................
3,542
3,278
3,241
1,675
1,766
1,320
1,555
2,978
2,941
2,029
1,415
3,053
4,336
1,595
Less
than
$
20,000
...........
736
3,260
2,892
1,567
1,967
1,480
1,504
2,879
2,847
 
1,451
2,250
3,059
1,322
$
20,000
 
$
39,999
.............
820
3,163
3,149
1,478
1,510
1,042
1,367
2,923
2,934
 
1,296
2,807
3,766
1,659
$
40,000
 
$
59,999
.............
822
3,347
3,467
1,788
1,658
608
1,692
2,886
2,843
 
1,407
3,333
4,447
1,571
$
60,000
 
$
79,999
.............
568
3,590
3,962
2,110
1,797
 
1,775
3,363
3,251
 
1,533
3,634
5,190
 
$
80,000
 
$
99,999
.............
283
3,012
3,787
1,697
1,865
 
1,865
3,139
3,118
 
 
2,602
 
 
$
100,000
or
more
............
305
3,315
4,881
1,849
1,674
 
1,674
3,244
3,053
 
 
4,390
 
 
Independent
........................
6,829
2,686
3,294
1,208
1,337
1,287
958
3,962
3,996
1,093
1,648
1,841
 
1,752
Less
than
$
9,999
.............
1,716
3,239
3,251
1,229
1,590
1,362
950
3,812
3,821
1,110
1,579
1,916
 
1,861
$
10,000
 
$
19,999
.............
1,546
2,870
3,325
1,200
1,326
1,366
836
3,970
4,059
883
1,735
1,941
 
1,936
$
20,000
 
$
29,999
.............
1,169
2,357
3,144
1,101
1,042
1,008
802
4,151
4,209
823
 
2,106
 
1,969
$
30,000
 
$
49,999
.............
1,315
2,091
3,496
1,224
1,020
737
1,007
4,162
4,139
 
 
1,740
 
1,511
340
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
315.
 
Average
amount
of
financial
aid
awarded
in
1995
 
96
per
student,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
and
selected
student
characteristics
 
Continued
Selected
student
characteristics
Enrollment
of
undergraduates
1
in
thousands
Any
aid
Grants
Loans
Work
study
Other
Total
2
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
3
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
$
50,000
or
more
..............
1,083
1,705
3,814
1,273
1,263
 
1,262
4,350
4,392
 
 
1,250
 
1,135
Housing
status
School­
owned
......................
490
2,782
3,362
1,267
1,371
1,273
1,045
3,815
3,828
1,461
1,669
1,960
4,356
1,696
Off­
campus,
not
with
parents
.............................
7,456
4,827
4,218
2,513
2,481
1,460
2,305
3,303
3,284
1,583
1,208
4,071
4,961
2,474
With
parents
........................
2,425
2,497
2,713
1,160
1,406
1,316
960
2,994
2,991
1,163
1,467
2,373
3,690
1,722
1
Numbers
of
undergraduates
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables,
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey.
Includes
all
postsecondary
institutions.

2
Includes
students
who
reported
they
were
awarded
aid,
but
did
not
specify
the
source
or
type
of
aid.

3
Details
on
federal
and
nonfederal
work
study
participants
are
not
available.

4
Includes
students
who
were
single,
divorced,
or
widowed.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding
and/
or
the
fact
that
some
students
receive
aid
from
multiple
sources,
row
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse,
enrollment
data
may
not
add
to
totals.
Data
include
undergraduates
in
noncollegiate
and
collegiate
institutions.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)

Table
316.
 
Undergraduates
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
aid
status
and
source
of
aid
during
1995
 
96,
and
control
and
level
of
institution
Control
and
level
of
institution
Number
of
undergraduates
1995,1
in
thousands
Cumulative
amount
borrowed
for
undergraduate
education
Aid
status,
1995
 
96,
in
percents
Nonaided
Receiving
aid,
by
source
Any
aid
2
Federal
State
Institutional
Other
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Full­
time
students
3
All
institutions
.................................................
6,306
$
7,747
31.6
68.4
55.6
19.8
27.7
10.9
Public
....................................................................
4,413
7,082
37.2
62.8
50.8
17.4
18.8
9.3
4­
year
doctoral
................................................
1,859
8,699
34.7
65.4
51.9
17.6
22.9
11.0
Other
4­
year
....................................................
1,070
7,168
30.7
69.3
59.8
22.8
19.1
8.6
2­
year
..............................................................
1,397
4,120
44.1
55.9
44.5
13.5
13.9
7.4
Less
than
2
 
year
.............................................
88
3,111
60.5
39.5
20.6
9.6
7.2
12.6
Private,
nonprofit
..................................................
1,555
9,460
19.7
80.3
64.0
28.1
56.3
14.0
4­
year
doctoral
................................................
508
10,415
29.4
70.6
55.4
19.5
52.3
13.3
Other
4­
year
....................................................
958
9,243
14.4
85.6
68.3
33.1
60.5
14.6
2­
year
or
less
..................................................
89
6,867
20.8
79.2
67.5
24.0
33.9
11.4
Private,
proprietary
...............................................
337
6,942
13.8
86.2
79.7
12.8
11.5
17.2
2­
year
and
above
............................................
167
9,026
14.3
85.8
79.1
18.1
5.9
15.3
Less
than
2­
year
.............................................
170
4,745
13.4
86.6
80.3
7.6
17.0
19.1
Part­
time
students
3
All
institutions
.................................................
10,157
$
5,672
61.8
38.3
24.8
6.5
8.9
5.4
Public
....................................................................
8,519
5,265
66.3
33.7
20.8
5.5
7.4
4.7
4­
year
doctoral
................................................
1,211
8,210
41.8
41.8
31.2
7.5
10.1
5.8
Other
4­
year
....................................................
1,030
6,581
41.9
41.9
30.9
8.1
6.1
4.8
2­
year
..............................................................
6,174
3,833
30.7
30.7
17.2
4.5
7.1
4.4
Less
than
2­
year
.............................................
105
3,274
34.3
34.3
13.9
13.9
4.4
8.6
Private,
nonprofit
..................................................
1,070
8,302
44.4
55.6
34.9
12.8
21.2
8.6
4­
year
doctoral
................................................
280
9,474
51.0
51.0
27.7
10.2
22.5
8.4
Other
4­
year
....................................................
668
8,305
58.4
58.4
37.0
14.6
22.0
8.9
2­
year
or
less
..................................................
123
5,529
50.8
50.8
39.7
9.0
14.5
7.8
Private,
proprietary
...............................................
567
5,194
25.9
74.1
66.4
9.5
8.9
10.4
2­
year
and
above
............................................
269
6,395
74.5
74.5
66.9
11.2
6.7
12.2
Less
than
2­
year
.............................................
298
4,055
73.8
73.8
66.1
7.9
10.9
8.7
1
Numbers
of
undergraduates
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables,
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey.
Includes
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.
2
Includes
students
who
reported
that
they
were
awarded
aid
but
did
not
specify
the
source
of
the
aid.
3
Full­
time
students
are
students
who
attend
full­
time
for
the
entire
academic
year.
All
other
students,
including
those
who
attend
full­
time
for
part
of
the
academic
year,
are
counted
as
part­
time
students.
NOTE.
 
Because
some
students
receive
aid
from
multiple
sources,
percents
do
not
add
to
totals.
Excludes
students
whose
attendance
status
was
not
reported.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
341
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
317.
 
Percent
of
undergraduates
receiving
aid,
by
type
and
source
of
aid
received,
and
by
control
and
level
of
institution:
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96
Control
and
level
of
institution
Number
of
undergraduates
1
in
thousands
Percent
receiving
aid,
by
type
and
source
Any
aid
Grants
Loans
Work­
study
Other
Total
2
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
Total
Federal
3
Total
Federal
Nonfederal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Full­
time
students,
4
1992
 
93
All
institutions
..........
6,000
57.9
45.6
37.9
48.1
29.4
34.0
33.6
32.7
2.7
10.2
6.8
9.5
5.2
4.6
Public
.............................
4,110
51.9
40.0
33.0
42.3
27.8
29.1
26.9
26.1
2.0
6.8
4.2
7.9
3.7
4.4
4­
year
doctoral
..........
1,772
53.7
39.3
34.8
41.9
23.8
30.8
33.0
32.2
2.4
7.1
4.3
8.6
5.0
3.9
Other
4­
year
..............
1,087
56.4
46.1
37.4
45.5
32.1
32.4
33.7
32.7
2.8
9.5
5.5
7.9
4.2
3.8
2­
year
........................
1,196
45.9
36.0
27.0
40.6
29.9
24.3
12.7
12.3
0.7
4.1
3.0
7.0
1.3
5.7
Less
than
2­
year
.......
55
35.0
31.6
15.7
29.9
26.6
12.8
3.0
3.0
0.6
1.5
1.4
5.1
0.8
4.4
Private,
nonprofit
...........
1,469
69.5
53.4
58.0
62.1
27.7
54.1
46.5
44.9
4.9
22.2
15.9
12.1
7.7
5.0
4­
year
doctoral
..........
681
62.7
44.5
54.8
55.2
17.3
51.8
41.6
39.7
6.1
18.9
13.2
11.6
7.4
4.5
Other
4­
year
..............
719
75.5
60.8
62.7
68.7
35.6
58.1
51.7
50.3
4.1
27.0
19.7
12.2
7.9
5.3
2­
year
or
less
............
70
73.9
63.9
42.0
61.3
47.3
35.4
41.1
39.5
2.5
4.6
3.0
17.2
9.4
7.8
Private,
proprietary
........
421
76.1
72.4
16.4
55.3
50.9
11.4
54.1
53.8
2.1
1.9
0.7
15.6
11.3
4.5
2­
year
and
above
......
182
80.6
77.4
22.7
49.5
43.4
16.4
65.2
65.2
3.0
3.5
1.4
24.6
18.8
6.5
Less
than
2­
year
.......
238
72.7
68.6
11.5
59.7
56.7
7.5
45.6
45.1
1.5
0.7
0.2
8.7
5.6
3.1
Full­
time
students,
4
1995
 
96
All
institutions
..........
6,306
68.4
55.6
45.7
54.1
30.6
41.0
43.7
43.2
1.7
11.0
9.0
10.9
5.0
5.9
Public
.............................
4,413
62.8
50.8
39.0
47.5
29.6
34.2
37.2
36.9
0.8
7.0
5.4
9.3
3.7
5.5
4­
year
doctoral
..........
1,859
65.4
51.9
42.2
47.6
26.1
37.2
44.5
44.1
1.4
7.4
5.3
11.0
5.6
5.4
Other
4­
year
..............
1,070
69.3
59.8
44.5
52.3
34.4
40.0
47.4
47.2
0.4
9.2
6.7
8.6
3.7
4.8
2­
year
........................
1,397
55.9
44.5
31.3
44.6
31.1
26.9
21.8
21.3
0.4
5.1
4.7
7.4
1.3
6.0
Less
than
2­
year
.......
88
39.5
20.6
27.5
30.9
18.5
16.0
4.4
4.4
0.0
0.1
0.1
12.6
0.1
12.0
Private,
nonprofit
...........
1,555
80.3
64.0
67.6
71.3
28.6
64.8
56.9
56.2
3.4
24.6
21.0
14.0
8.2
6.1
4­
year
doctoral
..........
508
70.6
55.4
61.2
61.6
19.3
58.7
50.9
49.9
3.9
22.6
20.2
13.3
8.6
4.9
Other
4­
year
..............
958
85.6
68.3
72.5
77.3
32.5
70.1
60.4
60.0
2.6
27.6
23.0
14.6
8.2
6.7
2­
year
or
less
............
89
79.2
67.5
52.0
61.9
40.0
42.0
52.9
51.7
9.3
5.3
4.6
11.4
5.0
6.3
Private,
proprietary
........
337
86.2
79.7
32.7
61.3
53.9
20.2
67.7
65.5
5.1
0.5
0.5
17.2
7.6
8.9
2­
year
and
above
......
167
85.8
80.3
33.0
60.0
49.1
26.0
70.9
70.9
1.4
0.7
0.7
15.3
7.8
6.9
Less
than
2­
year
.......
170
86.6
79.1
32.5
62.5
58.6
14.5
64.6
60.3
8.7
0.3
0.2
19.1
7.4
10.9
Part­
time
students,
4
1995
 
96
All
institutions
..........
10,157
38.3
24.8
24.0
29.9
16.6
19.7
14.4
14.1
0.7
1.4
1.1
5.4
0.8
4.3
Public
.............................
8,519
33.7
20.8
21.7
26.5
14.4
17.9
10.5
10.3
0.3
1.2
0.9
4.7
0.4
3.9
4­
year
doctoral
..........
1,211
41.8
31.2
23.7
28.9
16.9
19.0
25.9
25.6
0.7
2.4
1.4
5.8
1.7
3.9
Other
4­
year
..............
1,030
41.9
30.9
22.8
30.2
18.2
19.3
22.3
22.1
0.4
2.3
2.0
4.8
0.8
3.7
2­
year
........................
6,174
30.7
17.2
21.1
25.4
13.4
17.5
5.7
5.5
0.3
0.8
0.7
4.4
0.2
3.9
Less
than
2­
year
.......
105
34.3
13.9
26.0
27.8
12.3
17.4
2.2
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.6
0.0
8.3
Private,
nonprofit
...........
1,070
55.6
34.9
41.5
44.1
17.9
36.1
26.4
26.1
1.3
4.0
3.1
8.6
2.0
6.6
4­
year
doctoral
..........
280
51.0
27.7
39.7
39.3
12.0
34.3
24.4
23.6
1.4
4.6
3.7
8.4
2.1
5.9
Other
4­
year
..............
668
58.4
37.0
44.6
47.5
19.1
39.7
27.3
27.2
0.8
4.5
3.3
8.9
1.7
7.1
2­
year
or
less
............
123
50.8
39.7
28.3
36.8
24.6
20.5
26.2
25.9
4.3
0.4
0.3
7.8
2.9
5.1
Private,
proprietary
........
567
74.1
66.4
24.3
53.4
46.4
15.3
50.3
49.3
4.6
0.4
0.4
10.4
4.2
5.7
2­
year
and
above
......
269
74.5
66.9
25.5
53.4
44.8
17.9
50.2
49.8
1.7
0.8
0.7
12.2
4.9
6.9
Less
than
2­
year
.......
298
73.8
66.1
23.2
53.5
47.9
13.0
50.5
48.8
7.2
0.1
0.1
8.7
3.5
4.7
1
Numbers
of
undergraduates
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables,
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey.
Includes
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.
2
Includes
students
who
reported
they
were
awarded
aid
but
did
not
specify
the
source
of
aid.
3
Details
on
nonfederal
work
study
participants
are
not
available.
4
Full­
time
students
are
students
who
attend
full­
time
for
the
entire
academic
year.
All
other
students,
including
those
who
attend
full­
time
for
part
of
the
academic
year,
are
counted
as
part­
time
students.
NOTE.
 
Excludes
students
whose
attendance
status
was
not
reported.
Because
some
students
receive
multiple
types
and
sources
of
aid
and
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
342
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
318.
 
Undergraduates
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
federal
aid
program
and
by
control
and
level
of
institution:
1995
 
96
Control
and
level
of
institution
Number
of
undergraduates
1995,
1
in
thousands
Percent
receiving
federal
aid
in
1995
 
96,
by
type
Any
federal
aid
Selected
Title
IV
programs
2
Any
Title
IV
aid
Pell
SEOG3
CWS4
Perkins
5
Stafford
6
Plus
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Full­
time
students
8
All
institutions
..........................
6,306
55.6
54.7
30.1
9.1
9.0
7.6
42.2
5.0
Public
.............................................
4,413
50.8
49.9
29.2
7.2
5.4
5.4
36.0
3.7
4­
year
doctoral
..........................
1,859
51.9
50.9
25.5
6.9
5.3
8.5
43.2
5.6
Other
4­
year
..............................
1,070
59.8
59.1
34.0
8.4
6.7
6.0
45.8
3.7
2­
year
........................................
1,397
44.5
43.3
31.1
7.3
4.7
1.4
20.7
1.3
Less
than
2­
year
.......................
88
20.6
20.2
18.5
0.3
0.1
 
4.4
0.1
Private,
nonprofit
............................
1,555
64.0
63.2
27.4
13.0
21.0
14.4
55.1
8.2
4­
year
doctoral
..........................
508
55.4
54.5
17.8
9.7
20.2
17.0
48.9
8.6
Other
4­
year
..............................
958
68.3
67.6
31.4
15.2
23.0
14.3
58.8
8.2
2­
year
or
less
............................
89
67.5
66.8
39.5
8.3
4.6
1.4
51.2
5.0
Private,
proprietary
........................
337
79.7
79.4
53.6
16.1
0.5
4.9
64.6
7.6
2­
year
and
above
......................
167
80.3
80.0
48.8
16.1
0.7
8.0
70.5
7.8
Less
than
2­
year
.......................
170
79.1
78.8
58.3
16.1
0.2
1.8
58.8
7.4
Part­
time
students
8
All
institutions
..........................
10,157
24.8
23.8
16.4
3.3
1.1
1.4
13.8
0.8
Public
.............................................
8,519
20.8
19.7
14.4
2.5
0.9
1.0
10.0
0.4
4­
year
doctoral
..........................
1,211
31.2
30.4
16.7
3.3
1.4
3.5
25.1
1.7
Other
4­
year
..............................
1,030
30.9
30.0
18.1
3.4
2.0
2.2
21.5
0.8
2­
year
........................................
6,174
17.2
16.0
13.3
2.3
0.7
0.3
5.3
0.1
Less
than
2­
year
.......................
105
13.9
13.0
12.3
 
 
 
2.2
 
Private,
nonprofit
............................
1,070
34.9
33.5
17.1
4.7
3.1
3.4
25.3
2.0
4­
year
doctoral
..........................
280
27.7
27.5
11.6
3.9
3.7
5.2
23.2
2.1
Other
4­
year
..............................
668
37.0
34.9
18.2
5.3
3.3
3.3
26.2
1.7
2­
year
or
less
............................
123
39.7
39.4
24.2
3.1
0.3
0.1
25.8
2.9
Private,
proprietary
........................
567
66.4
66.2
46.1
11.3
0.4
3.1
48.4
4.2
2­
year
and
above
......................
269
66.9
66.3
44.7
11.9
0.7
5.1
49.2
4.9
Less
than
2­
year
.......................
298
66.1
66.1
47.4
10.7
0.1
1.4
47.6
3.5
1
Numbers
of
undergraduates
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables,
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey.
Includes
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.
2
Title
IV
of
the
Higher
Education
Act.
3
Supplemental
Educational
Opportunity
Grants.
4
College
Work
Study
(
CWS).
Prior
to
October
17,
1986,
private,
proprietary
institutions
were
prohibited
by
law
from
spending
CWS
funds
for
on­
campus
work.
Includes
persons
who
participated
in
the
program,
but
had
no
earnings.
5
Formerly
National
Direct
Student
Loans
(
NDSL).
6
Formerly
Guaranteed
Student
Loans
(
GSL).
7
Parent
loans
for
Undergraduate
Students.
8
Full­
time
students
are
students
who
attend
full­
time
for
the
entire
academic
year.
All
other
students,
including
those
who
attend
full­
time
for
part
of
the
academic
year,
are
counted
as
part­
time
students.
 
Less
than
.05
percent.

NOTE.
 
Excludes
students
whose
attendance
status
was
not
reported.
Because
some
students
receive
aid
from
multiple
sources
and
rounding,
percents
do
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)
343
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
319.
 
Postbaccalaureate
students
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
aid
status,
source
of
aid,
and
by
level
of
study
and
control
and
level
of
institution:
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96
Level
of
degree,
control
and
type
of
institution
Postbaccalaureate
students,
1
in
thousands
Cumulative
amount
borrowed
for
postbaccalaureate
education
Aid
status
in
percents
Nonaided
Receiving
aid,
by
source
Any
aid
2
Federal
State
Institutional
Employer
Other
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Full­
time
students,
4
1992
 
93
All
institutions
.......
673
$
18,572
31.9
68.1
44.4
7.0
40.6
5.3
14.6
Master's
degree
..........
281
11,109
37.5
62.5
33.8
5.8
42.4
8.3
12.0
Public
.....................
163
9,335
34.6
65.4
33.9
7.8
44.0
7.6
9.7
4­
year
doctoral
...
139
9,597
34.3
65.7
32.4
6.7
46.3
7.7
10.1
Other
4­
year
.......
24
7,970
36.1
63.9
42.5
14.4
30.4
6.8
7.5
Private
....................
118
13,628
41.6
58.4
33.7
3.2
40.2
9.4
15.2
4­
year
doctoral
...
102
13,879
39.3
60.7
34.2
2.9
42.9
8.9
16.4
Other
4­
year
.......
16
 
56.5
43.5
30.5
5.1
22.8
12.1
7.4
Doctor's
degree
..........
120
16,895
30.4
69.6
28.3
4.4
51.6
3.0
13.2
Public
.....................
73
12,758
30.3
69.7
22.3
6.5
55.5
3.9
11.7
Private
....................
46
21,742
30.4
69.6
37.8
1.1
45.5
1.7
15.7
First­
professional
........
211
30,045
23.0
77.0
68.2
10.0
37.0
2.3
20.3
Public
.....................
101
24,469
20.7
79.3
72.5
13.4
37.7
2.3
15.8
Private
....................
110
35,301
25.1
74.9
64.3
6.8
36.4
2.3
24.4
Other
graduate
...........
61
13,102
39.3
60.7
42.4
6.7
22.9
6.0
9.1
Full­
time
students,
4
1995
 
96
All
institutions
.......
861
$
27,122
23.9
76.1
49.3
4.1
43.4
9.6
22.7
Master's
degree
..........
387
18,806
27.4
72.6
43.6
2.4
42.8
16.4
22.5
Public
.....................
236
15,905
25.3
74.7
40.7
3.0
45.6
16.7
31.4
4­
year
doctoral
...
195
16,910
23.5
76.5
40.5
2.6
47.9
19.2
34.1
Other
4­
year
.......
41
11,417
34.0
66.0
41.4
5.1
35.0
4.9
18.7
Private
....................
151
22,568
30.6
69.4
48.2
1.4
38.3
15.9
8.7
4­
year
doctoral
...
104
23,816
28.8
71.2
44.6
1.5
42.2
20.2
11.5
Other
4­
year
.......
47
20,299
34.6
65.4
56.1
1.3
29.7
6.6
2.6
Doctor's
degree
..........
147
24,380
17.1
82.9
27.6
0.6
75.7
4.0
53.4
Public
.....................
94
22,687
14.1
85.9
27.6
1.0
77.8
5.1
62.1
Private
....................
53
28,083
22.5
77.5
27.6
0.0
72.0
2.1
37.9
First­
professional
........
253
37,540
16.8
83.2
73.9
9.4
31.6
2.2
8.7
Public
.....................
115
34,463
14.3
85.7
79.5
9.7
33.5
1.2
8.0
Private
....................
138
40,350
19.0
81.0
69.3
9.2
30.0
3.1
9.3
Other
graduate
...........
54
12,057
43.5
56.5
34.0
2.2
31.4
7.0
14.7
Public
4­
year
doctoral
......................
18
 
36.9
63.1
32.2
4.0
35.2
 
17.3
Public
other
4­
year
36
12,057
46.8
53.2
35.0
1.2
29.4
10.5
13.4
Part­
time
students,
4
1995
 
96
All
institutions
.......
1,869
$
16,193
59.3
40.7
13.8
1.4
16.7
26.0
10.4
Master's
degree
..........
1,118
14,635
56.3
43.7
15.1
1.2
16.5
27.9
10.3
Public
.....................
649
12,971
57.3
42.7
13.6
1.7
18.5
24.2
13.3
4­
year
doctoral
...
432
14,443
52.8
47.2
14.8
1.2
22.6
25.7
16.5
Other
4­
year
.......
217
9,273
66.4
33.6
11.1
2.8
10.3
21.4
6.9
Private
....................
470
16,904
54.9
45.1
17.2
0.5
13.7
33.0
6.3
4­
year
doctoral
...
255
19,948
55.3
44.7
17.7
0.6
17.2
29.0
7.6
Other
4­
year
.......
215
13,006
54.5
45.5
16.6
0.3
9.6
37.8
4.7
Doctor's
degree
..........
181
19,530
48.6
51.4
12.1
0.6
39.3
11.9
27.0
Public
.....................
119
16,288
46.1
53.9
9.5
0.9
42.5
13.2
32.5
Private
....................
62
24,882
53.3
46.7
17.2
0.0
33.3
9.3
16.6
First­
professional
........
60
32,803
32.2
67.8
47.4
4.3
27.0
14.2
7.0
Public
.....................
15
31,882
29.6
70.4
59.6
4.0
25.7
9.3
8.6
Private
....................
46
33,160
33.1
66.9
43.5
4.3
27.4
15.8
6.5
Other
graduate
...........
483
13,008
74.0
26.0
7.0
1.9
8.4
26.7
5.1
Public
4­
year
doctoral
......................
166
11,166
67.8
32.2
9.8
0.5
12.4
24.7
4.0
Public
other
4­
year
317
15,473
77.3
22.7
5.5
2.6
6.3
27.8
5.7
1
Numbers
of
postbaccalaureate
students
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
all
postbaccalaureate
students.
Includes
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.

2
Includes
students
who
reported
they
were
awarded
aid
but
did
not
specify
the
source
of
aid.

3
Includes
aid
provided
by
corporations,
unions,
foundations,
fraternal
organizations,
community
organizations,
etc.

4
Full­
time
students
are
students
who
attend
full­
time
for
the
entire
academic
year.
All
other
students,
including
those
who
attend
full­
time
for
part
of
the
academic
year,
are
counted
as
part­
time
students.
 
Sample
size
too
small
to
permit
reliable
estimate.
NOTE.
 
Total
includes
some
students
whose
level
of
study
was
unknown.
Because
some
students
receive
aid
from
multiple
sources
and
rounding,
percents
do
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)
344
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
320.
 
Postbaccalaureate
students
enrolled
full
time
and
part
time,
by
type
of
aid
and
by
level
of
study,
control,
and
level
of
institution:
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96
Level
of
degree,
control
and
type
of
institution
Postbaccalaureate
students,
1
in
thousands
Type
of
aid
in
percents
Any
aid
2
Fellowship
grants
Tuition
waivers
Assistantships
3
Employer
Loans
Any
loans
Stafford
4
Perkins
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Full­
time
students,
5
1992
 
93
All
institutions
.............
673
68.1
3.5
12.4
14.3
3.3
43.5
41.1
9.0
Master's
degree
................
281
62.5
3.5
15.6
18.1
5.1
32.5
30.5
5.0
Public
...........................
163
65.4
2.2
20.5
22.4
4.8
32.2
30.8
4.0
4­
year
doctoral
.........
139
65.7
2.4
23.3
23.5
4.7
30.6
29.6
3.3
Other
4­
year
.............
24
63.9
1.0
4.4
15.8
5.3
41.5
38.4
8.3
Private
..........................
118
58.4
5.3
8.9
12.1
5.6
32.9
30.0
6.4
4­
year
doctoral
.........
102
60.7
6.2
9.5
13.6
5.7
33.6
30.8
6.8
Other
4­
year
.............
16
43.5
0.0
5.4
3.0
4.7
28.7
24.6
4.4
Doctor's
degree
................
120
69.6
9.3
19.4
27.0
2.2
25.8
23.9
3.5
Public
...........................
73
69.7
4.2
23.1
31.6
3.1
20.6
18.9
2.9
Private
..........................
46
69.6
17.5
13.6
19.9
0.9
34.1
31.9
4.3
First­
professional
..............
211
77.0
0.9
5.6
4.4
1.2
67.8
65.5
19.3
Public
...........................
101
79.3
0.4
5.4
4.3
1.3
71.8
69.9
23.2
Private
..........................
110
74.9
1.2
5.8
4.5
1.2
64.1
61.6
15.7
Other
graduate
.................
61
60.7
1.1
7.5
6.2
3.7
44.4
39.6
2.7
Full­
time
students,
5
1995
 
96
All
institutions
.............
861
76.1
5.2
11.7
19.5
5.0
48.7
48.0
8.1
Master's
degree
................
387
72.6
4.3
13.5
20.2
6.6
43.1
42.5
5.1
Public
...........................
236
74.7
4.8
17.8
28.8
7.1
39.5
38.8
3.5
4­
year
doctoral
.........
195
76.5
5.2
19.5
31.1
7.6
39.2
38.6
4.0
Other
4­
year
.............
41
66.0
2.5
9.9
18.1
4.5
40.8
39.8
1.5
Private
..........................
151
69.4
3.6
6.7
6.6
5.8
48.6
48.2
7.6
4­
year
doctoral
.........
104
71.2
3.6
6.4
8.8
7.1
44.6
44.6
9.6
Other
4­
year
.............
47
65.4
3.7
7.4
1.9
3.2
57.4
56.1
3.3
Doctor's
degree
................
147
82.9
15.8
24.3
51.8
5.5
25.2
25.2
1.5
Public
...........................
94
85.9
13.7
30.9
59.9
5.9
26.7
26.7
1.4
Private
..........................
53
77.5
19.6
12.4
37.3
4.9
22.6
22.6
1.7
First­
professional
..............
253
83.2
1.4
3.0
4.0
1.3
74.4
73.0
18.4
Public
...........................
115
85.7
2.0
3.8
4.1
1.5
79.0
78.6
20.7
Private
..........................
138
81.0
0.9
2.4
3.8
1.2
70.6
68.3
16.4
Other
graduate
.................
54
56.5
2.1
9.8
6.4
6.1
31.3
30.9
1.7
Public
4­
year
doctoral
..
18
63.1
0.0
9.2
6.2
1.8
30.2
30.2
3.6
Public
other
4­
year
......
36
53.2
3.1
10.1
6.6
8.3
31.8
31.2
0.7
Part­
time
students,
5
1995
 
96
All
institutions
.............
1,869
40.7
0.8
6.1
7.4
16.1
13.4
13.1
0.9
Master's
degree
................
1,118
43.7
0.8
5.6
7.4
18.4
14.5
14.2
0.7
Public
...........................
649
42.7
0.8
6.0
10.7
16.0
13.2
12.9
0.9
4­
year
doctoral
.........
432
47.2
1.0
7.1
13.7
16.6
14.3
14.2
1.0
Other
4­
year
.............
217
33.6
0.4
3.9
4.9
14.8
11.0
10.5
0.6
Private
..........................
470
45.1
0.9
5.1
2.7
21.7
16.4
16.1
0.5
4­
year
doctoral
.........
255
44.7
1.2
4.3
4.0
18.3
17.6
17.0
0.8
Other
4­
year
.............
215
45.5
0.5
5.9
1.2
25.9
15.0
14.9
0.1
Doctor's
degree
................
181
51.4
2.5
12.7
26.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
0.4
Public
...........................
119
53.9
3.1
15.6
31.9
9.2
9.2
9.2
0.3
Private
..........................
62
46.7
1.4
7.4
14.7
8.6
17.2
17.2
0.7
First­
professional
..............
60
67.8
1.4
3.8
3.1
7.0
47.8
45.7
8.6
Public
...........................
15
70.4
1.6
4.8
7.9
7.5
58.1
57.4
12.2
Private
..........................
46
66.9
1.3
3.5
1.6
6.8
44.5
41.9
8.6
Other
graduate
.................
483
26.0
0.2
5.5
1.5
13.3
6.7
6.5
0.5
Public
4­
year
doctoral
..
166
32.2
0.0
8.6
0.4
14.9
9.7
9.6
0.6
Public
other
4­
year
......
317
22.7
0.2
3.8
2.1
12.4
5.2
5.0
0.4
1
Numbers
of
postbaccalaureate
students
may
not
equal
figures
reported
in
other
tables
since
these
data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
all
postbaccalaureate
students.
Includes
students
who
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
academic
year.

2
Includes
students
who
reported
they
were
awarded
aid
but
did
not
specify
the
source
of
aid.

3
Includes
students
who
received
teaching
or
research
assistantships
and/
or
participated
in
work­
study
programs.

4
Stafford
loans,
formerly
Guaranteed
Student
Loans
(
GSL).

5
Full­
time
students
are
students
who
attend
full­
time
for
the
entire
academic
year.
All
other
students,
including
those
who
attend
full­
time
for
part
of
the
academic
year,
are
counted
as
part­
time
students.
NOTE.
 
Excludes
students
whose
attendance
status
was
not
reported.
Total
includes
some
students
whose
level
of
study
was
unknown.
Because
some
students
receive
aid
from
multiple
sources
and
rounding,
details
do
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study,
1992
 
93
and
1995
 
96.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)
345
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
321.
 
Scholarship
and
fellowship
awards
1
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
control
of
institution:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

Year
Total
scholarship
and
fellowship
awards
Scholarship
and
fellowship
awards
from
unrestricted
funds
Scholarship
and
fellowship
awards
from
restricted
funds
All
institutions
Public
Private
All
institutions
Public
Private
All
institutions
Public
Private
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Higher
education
institutions
2
1959
 
60
............................
$
172,051
$
59,673
$
112,377
 
 
 
 
 
 
1961
 
62
............................
228,765
78,255
150,510
 
 
 
 
 
 
1963
 
64
............................
300,370
107,767
192,603
 
 
 
 
 
 
1965
 
66
............................
425,524
153,256
272,269
 
 
 
 
 
 
1966
 
67
............................
583,390
248,077
335,311
 
 
 
 
 
 
1967
 
68
............................
712,425
326,915
385,510
 
 
 
 
 
 
1968
 
69
............................
814,755
367,433
447,322
 
 
 
 
 
 
1969
 
70
............................
984,594
456,977
527,617
 
 
 
 
 
 
1970
 
71
............................
1,098,198
528,243
569,955
 
 
 
 
 
 
1971
 
72
............................
1,241,372
621,387
619,986
 
 
 
 
 
 
1972
 
73
............................
1,322,411
656,054
666,357
 
 
 
 
 
 
1973
 
74
............................
1,396,488
705,691
690,797
 
 
 
 
 
 
1974
 
75
............................
1,449,542
718,780
730,762
$
631,801
$
267,191
$
364,610
$
817,741
$
451,589
$
366,152
1975
 
76
............................
1,635,859
798,515
837,343
686,604
276,334
410,269
949,255
522,181
427,074
1976
 
77
............................
1,770,215
859,011
911,204
748,763
291,073
457,690
1,021,451
567,938
453,514
1977
 
78
............................
1,839,298
840,666
998,632
818,101
305,563
512,537
1,021,197
535,102
486,095
1978
 
79
............................
1,944,599
861,578
1,083,021
883,213
326,201
557,012
1,061,386
535,377
526,009
1979
 
80
............................
2,200,468
970,363
1,230,106
904,876
324,224
580,652
1,295,592
646,138
649,454
1980
 
81
............................
2,504,525
1,064,864
1,439,661
1,080,614
367,476
713,138
1,423,911
697,388
726,523
1981
 
82
............................
2,684,945
1,088,717
1,596,228
1,236,081
374,632
861,449
1,448,864
714,085
734,779
1982
 
83
............................
2,922,897
1,188,383
1,734,514
1,478,762
460,291
1,018,470
1,444,136
728,092
716,044
1983
 
84
............................
3,301,673
1,276,644
2,025,028
1,738,188
518,626
1,219,562
1,563,485
758,018
805,466
1984
 
85
............................
3,670,355
1,374,803
2,295,551
1,961,597
569,058
1,392,539
1,708,758
805,745
903,012
1985
 
86
............................
4,160,174
1,575,909
2,584,266
2,285,116
696,973
1,588,143
1,875,059
878,935
996,123
1986
 
87
............................
4,776,100
1,751,671
3,024,430
2,644,615
750,931
1,893,684
2,131,486
1,000,740
1,130,746
1987
 
88
............................
5,325,358
1,941,389
3,383,968
2,941,143
830,195
2,110,948
2,384,215
1,111,194
1,273,021
1988
 
89
............................
5,918,666
2,150,350
3,768,316
3,282,698
944,001
2,338,697
2,635,969
1,206,349
1,429,619
1989
 
90
............................
6,655,544
2,386,493
4,269,051
3,853,904
1,099,425
2,754,479
2,801,640
1,287,068
1,514,572
1990
 
91
............................
7,551,184
2,688,532
4,862,651
4,445,106
1,270,158
3,174,947
3,106,078
1,418,374
1,687,704
1991
 
92
............................
9,060,000
3,255,660
5,804,340
5,205,797
1,523,721
3,682,076
3,854,203
1,731,939
2,122,264
1992
 
93
............................
10,148,373
3,727,838
6,420,536
5,949,037
1,745,339
4,203,697
4,199,337
1,982,498
2,216,838
1993
 
94
............................
11,238,010
4,222,923
7,015,087
6,644,717
1,934,617
4,710,100
4,593,293
2,288,306
2,304,987
1994
 
95
............................
12,285,328
4,662,023
7,623,304
7,329,384
2,149,036
5,180,348
4,955,944
2,512,988
2,442,957
1995
 
96
3
..........................
13,138,965
5,085,519
8,053,446
8,206,014
2,456,142
5,749,873
4,932,951
2,629,377
2,303,573
Degree­
granting
institutions
4
1995
 
96
3
..........................
13,195,102
5,084,653
8,110,450
8,213,049
2,457,139
5,755,910
4,982,054
2,627,514
2,354,540
1
Includes
Supplemental
Educational
Opportunity
Grants
and
State
Student
Incentive
Grants,
but
excludes
Pell
Grants.

2
Includes
institutions
with
programs
accreditable
towards
an
associate
or
higher
level
degree.

3
Preliminary
data.

4
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
collected.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
346
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
322.
 
Pell
Grant
revenue
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions
compared
to
current­
fund
revenue
and
tuition,

by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
[
Amounts
in
thousands]

Year
and
type
of
control
of
institution
Total
Public
Private
Current­
fund
revenue
Tuition
Pell
Grant
revenue
Pell
Grants
as
a
percent
of
currentfund
revenue
Current­
fund
revenue
Tuition
Pell
Grant
revenue
Pell
Grants
as
a
percent
of
currentfund
revenue
Current­
fund
revenue
Tuition
Pell
Grant
revenue
Pell
Grants
as
a
percent
of
currentfund
revenue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Higher
education
institutions
1985
 
86
..............................................
$
100,437,616
$
23,116,605
$
2,565,048
2.6
$
65,004,632
$
9,439,177
$
1,873,456
2.9
$
35,432,985
$
13,677,429
$
691,592
2.0
4­
year
.............................................
88,144,386
20,498,399
1,770,042
2.0
53,746,503
7,539,717
1,214,303
2.3
34,397,882
12,958,683
555,739
1.6
2­
year
.............................................
12,293,231
2,618,206
795,006
6.5
11,258,128
1,899,460
659,153
5.9
1,035,102
718,746
135,853
13.1
1987
 
88
..............................................
117,340,109
27,836,781
2,496,133
2.1
74,771,255
11,184,657
1,876,777
2.5
42,568,854
16,652,124
619,355
1.5
4­
year
.............................................
103,280,070
24,779,364
1,714,118
1.7
61,958,780
9,032,936
1,207,418
1.9
41,321,290
15,746,428
506,700
1.2
2­
year
.............................................
14,060,039
3,057,417
782,015
5.6
12,812,475
2,151,721
669,359
5.2
1,247,564
905,696
112,656
9.0
1989
 
90
..............................................
139,635,477
33,926,060
3,348,018
2.4
88,911,433
13,820,240
2,566,209
2.9
50,724,044
20,105,820
781,809
1.5
4­
year
.............................................
122,858,290
30,302,689
2,253,803
1.8
73,415,696
11,090,012
1,591,684
2.2
49,442,595
19,212,677
662,119
1.3
2­
year
.............................................
16,777,187
3,623,371
1,094,215
6.5
15,495,738
2,730,229
974,525
6.3
1,281,449
893,143
119,690
9.3
1990
 
91
..............................................
149,766,051
37,434,462
3,510,537
2.3
94,904,506
15,258,024
2,725,357
2.9
54,861,545
22,176,439
785,180
1.4
4­
year
.............................................
131,743,973
33,405,241
2,312,931
1.8
78,272,989
12,188,851
1,647,376
2.1
53,470,984
21,216,389
665,554
1.2
2­
year
.............................................
18,022,078
4,029,222
1,197,606
6.6
16,631,517
3,069,173
1,077,981
6.5
1,390,562
960,049
119,625
8.6
1991
 
92
..............................................
161,395,896
41,559,037
4,238,047
2.6
102,202,890
17,460,263
3,312,386
3.2
59,193,006
24,098,774
925,661
1.6
4­
year
.............................................
141,700,893
36,910,390
2,710,510
1.9
83,969,040
13,827,245
1,928,623
2.3
57,731,852
23,083,145
781,887
1.4
2­
year
.............................................
19,695,003
4,648,647
1,527,537
7.8
18,233,850
3,633,018
1,383,763
7.6
1,461,153
1,015,629
143,774
9.8
1992
 
93
..............................................
170,880,503
45,346,071
4,701,905
2.8
108,186,484
19,490,221
3,663,529
3.4
62,694,018
25,855,850
1,038,377
1.7
4­
year
.............................................
150,075,119
40,127,624
2,982,999
2.0
88,952,983
15,406,746
2,097,638
2.4
61,122,135
24,720,878
885,360
1.4
2­
year
.............................................
20,805,384
5,218,447
1,718,907
8.3
19,233,501
4,083,475
1,565,890
8.1
1,571,883
1,134,972
153,017
9.7
1993
 
94
..............................................
179,226,601
48,646,538
4,564,790
2.5
112,968,097
20,825,388
3,543,643
3.1
66,258,504
27,821,149
1,021,147
1.5
4­
year
.............................................
157,265,446
43,052,545
2,674,392
1.7
92,747,344
16,457,225
1,860,187
2.0
64,518,102
26,595,320
814,204
1.3
2­
year
.............................................
21,961,155
5,593,993
1,890,399
8.6
20,220,753
4,368,164
1,683,456
8.3
1,740,402
1,225,829
206,942
11.9
1994
 
95
..............................................
189,120,570
51,506,876
4,524,313
2.4
119,312,493
21,908,104
3,594,407
3.0
69,808,077
29,598,772
929,906
1.3
4­
year
.............................................
166,144,023
45,863,702
2,690,643
1.6
97,963,262
17,385,587
1,890,393
1.9
68,180,761
28,478,115
800,250
1.2
2­
year
.............................................
22,976,547
5,643,174
1,833,670
8.0
21,349,231
4,522,517
1,704,014
8.0
1,627,317
1,120,657
129,656
8.0
1995
 
96
1
............................................
197,414,848
54,725,982
4,504,570
2.3
123,378,526
23,222,284
3,595,360
2.9
74,036,321
31,503,698
909,210
1.2
4­
year
.............................................
173,428,636
48,892,798
2,692,691
1.6
101,029,863
18,510,094
1,906,264
1.9
72,398,773
30,382,704
786,427
1.1
2­
year
.............................................
23,986,211
5,833,184
1,811,879
7.6
22,348,663
4,712,190
1,689,096
7.6
1,637,548
1,120,994
122,783
7.5
Degree­
granting
institutions
2
1995
 
96
1
............................................
197,973,236
55,260,293
4,598,793
2.3
123,501,152
23,257,454
3,603,696
2.9
74,472,083
32,002,839
995,097
1.3
4­
year
.............................................
173,358,920
48,937,146
2,692,395
1.6
101,033,907
18,512,146
1,906,294
1.9
72,325,013
30,425,000
786,101
1.1
2­
year
.............................................
24,614,316
6,323,147
1,906,398
7.7
22,467,245
4,745,308
1,697,402
7.6
2,147,071
1,577,839
208,997
9.7
1
Preliminary
data.

2
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

NOTE.
 
Pell
Grants
which
are
spent
on
campus
for
tuition,
room,
board
or
other
college
expenses
are
included
in
current­
fund
revenue.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
347
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
STUDENT
CHARGES
Table
323.
 
State
awards
for
need­
based
undergraduate
scholarship
and
grant
programs,
by
state:
1983
 
84
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

State
1983
 
84
1985
 
86
1987
 
88
1988
 
89
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1
1993
 
94
1
1994
 
95
1
1995
 
96
1
Percent
change,
1983
 
84
to
1995
 
96
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Need­
based
aid
as
a
percent
of
all
state
financial
aid
3
........................
 
 
81.0
78.2
76.8
77.4
74.7
75.7
75.7
77.5
84.4
 
Need­
based
aid
....................
$
1,024,206
$
1,222,112
$
1,377,996
$
1,423,743
$
1,529,421
$
1,658,221
$
1,781,820
$
1,923,720
$
2,195,993
$
2,421,952
$
2,435,687
137.8
Alabama
....................................
1,731
2,242
2,260
2,196
2,984
2,878
2,183
2,271
2,283
2,281
2,142
23.7
Alaska
........................................
189
241
240
234
228
464
475
470
454
444
430
127.5
Arizona
......................................
2,027
2,401
3,222
3,508
3,420
3,318
2,278
2,437
3,476
3,482
2,291
13.0
Arkansas
...................................
2,226
4,108
3,759
3,903
3,946
3,885
4,742
6,319
7,701
8,907
10,765
383.6
California
...................................
86,031
112,373
118,819
129,264
153,045
161,642
172,852
151,379
207,969
232,067
235,582
173.8
Colorado
....................................
7,341
9,282
9,327
9,395
10,349
11,276
12,380
14,812
16,480
18,252
21,076
187.1
Connecticut
...............................
9,371
11,095
14,650
21,149
19,915
20,580
20,595
20,805
20,641
20,690
20,372
117.4
Delaware
...................................
548
756
807
829
956
1,066
906
1,121
1,270
1,033
1,188
116.8
District
of
Columbia
...................
759
1,106
1,106
1,075
1,069
947
978
1,015
1,022
1,022
939
23.7
Florida
.......................................
12,515
14,819
15,245
16,522
20,134
24,729
29,279
29,628
31,277
36,824
34,822
178.2
Georgia
......................................
3,683
4,510
4,599
5,197
4,607
5,070
5,084
4,951
26,853
5,147
4,757
29.2
Hawaii
........................................
493
604
563
598
726
612
632
724
748
732
499
1.2
Idaho
.........................................
378
509
343
348
346
350
483
580
634
779
763
101.9
Illinois
........................................
104,384
122,300
135,880
143,373
171,361
183,508
184,753
203,532
214,809
244,352
256,872
146.1
Indiana
.......................................
20,380
26,448
45,408
35,692
41,874
46,756
4
50,441
55,814
55,814
67,742
68,340
235.3
Iowa
...........................................
20,263
22,379
25,960
30,050
32,467
35,586
34,654
34,067
34,718
35,642
38,953
92.2
Kansas
......................................
4,664
5,609
5,337
5,540
6,478
6,462
6,587
6,894
9,060
9,802
9,526
104.2
Kentucky
....................................
7,886
8,758
12,161
12,522
12,605
19,866
16,996
20,520
20,619
25,517
26,215
232.4
Louisiana
...................................
1,693
2,003
1,880
1,947
2,786
3,827
4,446
5,125
6,374
6,429
6,580
288.7
Maine
.........................................
477
809
1,418
1,408
1,877
4,802
5,002
5,200
5,170
5,787
6,988
1,365.0
Maryland
....................................
5,459
6,859
8,737
12,841
14,800
15,607
16,253
20,828
23,713
24,571
30,350
456.0
Massachusetts
..........................
25,655
43,466
61,600
62,443
50,844
46,000
23,690
45,989
45,059
61,850
54,565
112.7
Michigan
....................................
30,753
57,645
70,099
75,467
70,721
68,918
78,116
75,469
79,735
81,340
84,154
173.6
Minnesota
..................................
46,600
45,486
63,300
68,293
58,136
74,656
81,322
83,170
102,920
97,920
92,069
97.6
Mississippi
.................................
1,015
1,288
1,230
1,251
1,243
1,136
1,131
1,244
1,255
1,248
1,175
15.8
Missouri
.....................................
8,766
9,645
8,394
10,234
10,796
11,078
10,142
11,097
11,124
11,913
12,233
39.6
Montana
....................................
353
440
419
420
415
383
414
418
401
419
393
11.3
Nebraska
...................................
860
1,093
1,094
1,052
1,276
2,192
2,370
2,613
2,686
2,726
3,114
262.1
Nevada
......................................
327
414
352
352
4
352
321
326
341
342
342
2,595
693.6
New
Hampshire
.........................
536
660
810
886
918
770
825
1,253
840
1,425
765
42.7
New
Jersey
...............................
47,980
65,173
70,298
76,204
84,347
87,054
100,220
118,868
135,251
159,683
132,383
175.9
New
Mexico
...............................
695
1,461
4,107
5,024
5,601
6,479
4
7,293
8,295
9,266
13,886
14,629
2,004.9
New
York
...................................
327,320
363,949
372,363
355,192
382,655
428,358
504,195
554,803
618,849
636,704
625,711
91.2
North
Carolina
...........................
3,974
4,440
4,559
4,489
3,046
2,519
2,908
3,163
14,436
13,774
16,659
319.2
North
Dakota
.............................
635
808
490
976
1,242
1,177
1,475
2,162
2,036
1,996
1,898
198.9
Ohio
...........................................
41,974
45,000
49,200
50,865
53,848
54,600
57,275
66,000
77,940
91,225
86,053
105.0
Oklahoma
..................................
6,561
8,242
10,245
9,861
11,591
11,871
12,612
13,286
13,405
13,325
13,642
107.9
Oregon
......................................
8,546
9,514
9,959
10,108
10,092
11,809
12,023
12,606
12,903
13,761
13,651
59.7
Pennsylvania
.............................
83,474
96,800
110,992
118,986
132,344
142,389
158,092
173,214
188,751
218,604
232,020
178.0
Rhode
Island
.............................
6,745
7,856
8,138
8,967
9,917
9,522
9,141
9,586
6,500
6,340
5,741
 
14.9
South
Carolina
..........................
12,588
15,146
16,346
17,810
18,150
17,901
16,800
17,105
16,795
17,297
18,622
47.9
South
Dakota
............................
440
624
516
506
504
468
480
587
589
589
562
27.7
Tennessee
.................................
6,700
9,434
12,591
11,977
12,977
13,487
12,793
13,723
16,755
18,313
18,811
180.8
Texas
.........................................
21,438
19,033
22,705
22,266
24,784
24,135
27,385
27,467
29,102
29,102
40,768
90.2
Utah
...........................................
1,538
1,131
1,133
1,081
1,091
1,001
1,034
1,115
1,132
1,129
1,197
 
22.2
Vermont
.....................................
7,039
7,724
8,414
9,264
11,137
10,184
11,019
11,120
11,167
11,788
11,865
68.6
Virginia
......................................
4,075
4,415
4,414
8,062
7,966
7,351
4,892
6,654
6,408
53,885
59,568
1361.8
Washington
...............................
7,530
8,827
12,425
12,858
13,925
21,095
23,527
23,571
46,617
53,369
56,573
651.3
West
Virginia
.............................
4,376
5,167
5,189
5,204
5,217
5,559
5,781
5,868
5,802
6,761
8,132
85.8
Wisconsin
..................................
23,011
27,816
34,653
35,842
38,072
42,365
42,324
44,216
46,592
49,511
46,470
101.9
Wyoming
...................................
204
204
240
212
4
241
4
212
216
225
250
225
219
7.4
1
Estimated.

2
Changes
may
reflect
introduction
of
new
programs
or
discontinuation
of
existing
programs

3
Participation
requirements
vary
from
state
to
state.

4
Data
are
estimated
based
on
prior
year's
report.
NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
National
Association
of
State
Scholarship
and
Grant
Programs,
Annual
Survey
Report,
(
1983
 
84
to
1994
 
95)
and
National
Association
of
State
Student
Grant
and
Aid
Programs,
Annual
Survey
Report
(
1995
 
96).
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
348
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
324.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Source
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
revenue
......................
$
65,584,789
$
100,437,616
$
139,635,477
$
149,766,051
$
161,395,896
$
170,880,503
$
179,226,601
$
189,120,570
$
197,973,236
Tuition
and
fees
...................................................
13,773,259
23,116,605
33,926,060
37,434,462
41,559,037
45,346,071
48,646,538
51,506,876
55,260,293
Federal
government
............................................
9,747,586
12,704,750
17,254,874
18,236,082
19,833,317
21,014,564
22,076,385
23,243,172
23,939,075
Appropriations
.................................................
1,346,835
1,617,510
1,890,046
1,840,694
1,907,403
1,872,840
1,994,279
1,984,450
2,036,948
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
1,126,558
1,658,636
2,353,119
2,504,859
2,703,590
2,913,256
3,129,307
3,297,173
3,652,186
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
...................
6,005,317
7,190,345
9,773,266
10,443,977
11,561,444
12,589,727
13,554,435
14,421,419
14,713,289
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
................
1,268,877
2,238,259
3,238,442
3,446,552
3,660,881
3,638,741
3,398,364
3,540,129
3,536,653
State
governments
..............................................
20,106,222
29,911,500
38,349,239
39,480,874
40,586,907
41,247,955
41,910,288
44,343,012
45,692,673
Appropriations
.................................................
19,266,186
28,402,288
35,223,174
36,255,090
36,884,957
37,314,176
37,824,061
39,638,444
40,323,301
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
84,848
154,109
411,757
366,206
376,176
382,204
360,852
524,586
1,090,932
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
755,188
1,355,102
2,714,309
2,859,577
3,325,774
3,551,575
3,725,375
4,179,982
4,278,440
Local
governments
..............................................
1,790,740
2,544,506
3,639,902
3,931,239
4,159,876
4,444,875
4,998,306
5,165,961
5,607,909
Appropriations
.................................................
1,482,536
2,153,160
2,919,447
3,177,696
3,336,012
3,599,983
4,023,620
4,247,748
4,400,741
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
29,629
56,975
122,404
116,982
140,135
139,881
134,491
134,611
377,754
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
278,575
334,371
598,051
636,561
683,729
705,011
840,195
783,602
829,414
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
......................
3,176,670
5,410,905
7,781,422
8,361,265
8,977,271
9,659,977
10,203,062
10,866,749
11,903,126
Unrestricted
.....................................................
1,210,903
2,111,972
2,634,974
2,720,233
2,921,997
3,229,718
3,400,457
3,556,608
4,072,454
Restricted
........................................................
1,965,766
3,298,933
5,146,448
5,641,032
6,055,274
6,430,259
6,802,605
7,310,141
7,830,672
Endowment
income
.............................................
1,364,443
2,275,898
3,143,696
3,268,629
3,442,009
3,627,773
3,669,536
3,988,217
4,562,171
Unrestricted
.....................................................
770,358
1,285,194
1,614,088
1,521,940
1,549,930
1,536,511
1,557,733
1,649,296
2,064,490
Restricted
........................................................
594,085
990,704
1,529,608
1,746,690
1,892,079
2,091,262
2,111,803
2,338,921
2,497,681
Sales
and
services
..............................................
13,677,366
21,274,265
30,787,233
34,107,502
37,519,828
39,824,766
41,791,319
43,039,561
43,009,873
Educational
activities
......................................
1,409,730
2,373,494
3,632,100
4,054,703
4,520,890
5,037,901
5,294,030
5,603,251
5,530,763
Auxiliary
enterprises
.......................................
7,287,290
10,674,136
13,938,469
14,903,127
15,758,599
16,662,850
17,537,514
18,336,094
18,867,540
Hospitals
.........................................................
4,980,346
8,226,635
13,216,664
15,149,672
17,240,338
18,124,015
18,959,776
19,100,217
18,611,570
Other
sources
......................................................
1,948,503
3,199,186
4,753,051
4,945,998
5,317,651
5,714,523
5,931,167
6,967,023
7,998,116
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
revenue
......................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Tuition
and
fees
...................................................
21.0
23.0
24.3
25.0
25.7
26.5
27.1
27.2
27.9
Federal
government
............................................
14.9
12.6
12.4
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.1
Appropriations
.................................................
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
...................
9.2
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.6
7.4
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
................
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.8
State
governments
..............................................
30.7
29.8
27.5
26.4
25.1
24.1
23.4
23.4
23.1
Appropriations
.................................................
29.4
28.3
25.2
24.2
22.9
21.8
21.1
21.0
20.4
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.6
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
1.2
1.3
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
Local
governments
..............................................
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.8
Appropriations
.................................................
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
(
4)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
......................
4.8
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.7
6.0
Unrestricted
.....................................................
1.8
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.1
Restricted
........................................................
3.0
3.3
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.0
Endowment
income
.............................................
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.3
Unrestricted
.....................................................
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
Restricted
........................................................
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
Sales
and
services
..............................................
20.9
21.2
22.0
22.8
23.2
23.3
23.3
22.8
21.7
Educational
activities
......................................
2.1
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.8
Auxiliary
enterprises
.......................................
11.1
10.6
10.0
10.0
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.7
9.5
Hospitals
.........................................................
7.6
8.2
9.5
10.1
10.7
10.6
10.6
10.1
9.4
Other
sources
......................................................
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.0
1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
Federally
supported
student
aid
that
is
received
through
students
is
included
under
tuition
and
auxiliary
enterprises.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
revenues
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
349
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
325.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Source
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
revenue
.......................
$
43,195,617
$
65,004,632
$
88,911,433
$
94,904,506
$
102,202,890
$
108,186,484
$
112,968,097
$
119,312,493
$
123,501,152
Tuition
and
fees
...................................................
5,570,404
9,439,177
13,820,240
15,258,024
17,460,263
19,490,221
20,825,388
21,908,104
23,257,454
Federal
government
............................................
5,540,101
6,852,370
9,171,488
9,763,427
10,783,842
11,655,011
12,465,038
13,191,843
13,672,467
Appropriations
.................................................
1,128,101
1,401,367
1,636,047
1,604,548
1,662,229
1,658,052
1,781,837
1,766,412
1,826,738
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
529,424
816,364
1,214,836
1,319,035
1,462,372
1,601,201
1,694,596
1,802,822
1,996,861
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
...................
3,812,197
4,481,723
6,106,112
6,629,484
7,426,627
8,155,317
8,776,458
9,368,072
9,598,340
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
................
70,379
152,916
214,493
210,360
232,613
240,441
212,148
254,537
250,529
State
governments
..............................................
19,675,968
29,220,586
37,052,307
38,239,978
39,107,560
39,789,641
40,536,393
42,854,681
44,242,546
Appropriations
.................................................
19,006,716
28,071,070
34,858,904
35,898,653
36,612,540
37,073,932
37,565,065
39,405,865
40,081,437
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
45,390
88,779
297,338
250,168
253,184
259,046
271,298
381,165
924,837
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
623,863
1,060,737
1,896,065
2,091,157
2,241,836
2,456,663
2,700,030
3,067,650
3,236,272
Local
governments
..............................................
1,622,938
2,325,844
3,264,303
3,531,714
3,778,615
4,040,897
4,508,604
4,756,884
5,074,511
Appropriations
.................................................
1,478,001
2,150,459
2,910,444
3,159,789
3,319,119
3,594,207
4,021,421
4,243,984
4,397,098
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
9,915
27,852
82,405
73,281
90,257
84,974
71,098
60,123
184,597
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
135,022
147,533
271,453
298,644
369,239
361,717
416,084
452,777
492,815
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
......................
1,100,084
2,109,782
3,368,635
3,651,107
4,039,212
4,330,112
4,521,452
4,737,529
5,089,344
Unrestricted
.....................................................
110,462
279,381
436,028
529,496
650,468
686,214
698,497
684,264
784,979
Restricted
........................................................
989,622
1,830,401
2,932,607
3,121,611
3,388,743
3,643,898
3,822,955
4,053,266
4,304,365
Endowment
income
.............................................
214,561
398,603
461,701
431,235
593,998
667,711
639,343
693,313
721,079
Unrestricted
.....................................................
102,888
181,624
164,242
147,368
248,770
257,113
259,172
266,960
304,860
Restricted
........................................................
111,673
216,979
297,459
283,867
345,228
410,598
380,172
426,354
416,219
Sales
and
services
..............................................
8,455,449
12,990,670
19,330,429
21,546,202
23,738,382
25,282,113
26,404,241
27,517,662
27,399,796
Educational
activities
......................................
943,737
1,596,946
2,423,779
2,700,185
2,960,980
3,236,037
3,329,681
3,616,034
3,528,610
Auxiliary
enterprises
.......................................
4,614,561
6,684,794
8,473,282
9,058,745
9,655,373
10,255,044
10,814,804
11,373,646
11,595,408
Hospitals
.........................................................
2,897,151
4,708,930
8,433,369
9,787,271
11,122,029
11,791,033
12,259,757
12,527,982
12,275,778
Other
sources
......................................................
1,016,110
1,667,600
2,442,330
2,482,819
2,701,019
2,930,778
3,067,638
3,652,477
4,043,955
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
revenue
......................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Tuition
and
fees
...................................................
12.9
14.5
15.5
16.1
17.1
18.0
18.4
18.4
18.8
Federal
government
............................................
12.8
10.5
10.3
10.3
10.6
10.8
11.0
11.1
11.1
Appropriations
.................................................
2.6
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
...................
8.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
State
governments
..............................................
45.6
45.0
41.7
40.3
38.3
36.8
35.9
35.9
35.8
Appropriations
.................................................
44.0
43.2
39.2
37.8
35.8
34.3
33.3
33.0
32.5
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.7
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
1.4
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6
Local
governments
..............................................
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.1
Appropriations
.................................................
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.6
3.6
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
(
4)
(
4)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
......................
2.5
3.2
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.1
Unrestricted
.....................................................
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
Restricted
........................................................
2.3
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
Endowment
income
.............................................
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
Unrestricted
.....................................................
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Restricted
........................................................
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
Sales
and
services
..............................................
19.6
20.0
21.7
22.7
23.2
23.4
23.4
23.1
22.2
Educational
activities
......................................
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.9
Auxiliary
enterprises
.......................................
10.7
10.3
9.5
9.5
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.5
9.4
Hospitals
.........................................................
6.7
7.2
9.5
10.3
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.5
9.9
Other
sources
......................................................
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
3.1
3.3
1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
Federally
supported
student
aid
that
is
received
through
students
is
included
under
tuition
and
auxiliary
enterprises.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
revenues
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
350
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
326.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
private
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Source
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
revenue
......................
$
22,389,172
$
35,432,985
$
50,724,044
$
54,861,545
$
59,193,006
$
62,694,018
$
66,258,504
$
69,808,077
$
74,472,083
Tuition
and
fees
...................................................
8,202,855
13,677,429
20,105,820
22,176,439
24,098,774
25,855,850
27,821,149
29,598,772
32,002,839
Federal
government
............................................
4,207,485
5,852,380
8,083,386
8,472,654
9,049,476
9,359,554
9,611,348
10,051,329
10,266,608
Appropriations
.................................................
218,733
216,143
254,000
236,146
245,173
214,788
212,443
218,038
210,210
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
597,134
842,272
1,138,283
1,185,824
1,241,218
1,312,056
1,434,711
1,494,351
1,655,325
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
...................
2,193,119
2,708,622
3,667,154
3,814,493
4,134,817
4,434,410
4,777,978
5,053,347
5,114,949
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
................
1,198,498
2,085,343
3,023,949
3,236,192
3,428,267
3,398,300
3,186,216
3,285,593
3,286,124
State
governments
..............................................
430,253
690,914
1,296,932
1,240,896
1,479,347
1,458,314
1,373,894
1,488,332
1,450,127
Appropriations
.................................................
259,470
331,219
364,270
356,437
272,417
240,244
258,996
232,579
241,864
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
39,458
65,330
114,419
116,038
122,992
123,158
89,554
143,421
166,095
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
131,326
294,365
818,244
768,421
1,083,938
1,094,912
1,025,344
1,112,332
1,042,168
Local
governments
..............................................
167,801
218,662
375,599
399,525
381,261
403,977
489,703
409,077
533,398
Appropriations
.................................................
4,535
2,701
9,003
17,907
16,893
5,776
2,199
3,763
3,643
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
19,714
29,123
39,999
43,701
49,878
54,907
63,393
74,488
193,156
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
143,552
186,838
326,598
337,917
314,490
343,294
424,111
330,826
336,598
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
......................
2,076,585
3,301,124
4,412,787
4,710,158
4,938,060
5,329,865
5,681,610
6,129,220
6,813,782
Unrestricted
.....................................................
1,100,441
1,832,592
2,198,946
2,190,736
2,271,529
2,543,504
2,701,960
2,872,344
3,287,476
Restricted
........................................................
976,144
1,468,532
2,213,841
2,519,421
2,666,531
2,786,361
2,979,650
3,256,876
3,526,306
Endowment
income
.............................................
1,149,883
1,877,295
2,681,995
2,837,394
2,848,012
2,960,062
3,030,193
3,294,904
3,841,091
Unrestricted
.....................................................
667,471
1,103,570
1,449,846
1,374,572
1,301,160
1,279,398
1,298,562
1,382,336
1,759,630
Restricted
........................................................
482,412
773,725
1,232,149
1,462,822
1,546,851
1,680,664
1,731,631
1,912,567
2,081,461
Sales
and
services
..............................................
5,221,917
8,283,595
11,456,804
12,561,301
13,781,446
14,542,653
15,387,078
15,521,899
15,610,078
Educational
activities
......................................
465,993
776,548
1,208,322
1,354,518
1,559,910
1,801,865
1,964,349
1,987,217
2,002,153
Auxiliary
enterprises
.......................................
2,672,729
3,989,342
5,465,187
5,844,382
6,103,226
6,407,806
6,722,710
6,962,448
7,272,132
Hospitals
.........................................................
2,083,195
3,517,705
4,783,295
5,362,401
6,118,309
6,332,982
6,700,019
6,572,234
6,335,792
Other
sources
......................................................
932,392
1,531,586
2,310,720
2,463,178
2,616,632
2,783,744
2,863,529
3,314,546
3,954,162
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
revenue
......................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Tuition
and
fees
...................................................
36.6
38.6
39.6
40.4
40.7
41.2
42.0
42.4
43.0
Federal
government
............................................
18.8
16.5
15.9
15.4
15.3
14.9
14.5
14.4
13.8
Appropriations
.................................................
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
...................
9.8
7.6
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.2
6.9
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
................
5.4
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.4
4.8
4.7
4.4
State
governments
..............................................
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.9
Appropriations
.................................................
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
0.6
0.8
1.6
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.4
Local
governments
..............................................
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
Appropriations
.................................................
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
..................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
......................
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
......................
9.3
9.3
8.7
8.6
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.8
9.1
Unrestricted
.....................................................
4.9
5.2
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.4
Restricted
........................................................
4.4
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.7
Endowment
income
.............................................
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.7
5.2
Unrestricted
.....................................................
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.5
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.4
Restricted
........................................................
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8
Sales
and
services
..............................................
23.3
23.4
22.6
22.9
23.3
23.2
23.2
22.2
21.0
Educational
activities
......................................
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.7
Auxiliary
enterprises
.......................................
11.9
11.3
10.8
10.7
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.0
9.8
Hospitals
.........................................................
9.3
9.9
9.4
9.8
10.3
10.1
10.1
9.4
8.5
Other
sources
......................................................
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.7
5.3
1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
Federally
supported
student
aid
that
is
received
through
students
is
included
under
tuition
and
auxiliary
enterprises.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
revenues
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
351
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
327.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
private
nonprofit
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Source
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
revenue
................................................
$
22,078,144
$
34,839,494
$
53,652,864
$
57,904,208
$
61,291,366
$
64,726,849
$
68,215,391
$
72,263,702
Tuition
and
fees
............................................................................
7,930,156
13,152,750
21,150,439
22,990,730
24,663,506
26,504,664
28,223,908
29,988,621
Federal
government
.....................................................................
4,203,605
5,843,729
8,400,320
9,011,581
9,323,425
9,576,958
10,023,252
10,189,345
Appropriations
..........................................................................
217,866
215,398
233,826
242,458
214,788
212,443
218,038
210,210
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
...........................................
596,257
840,593
1,164,075
1,240,445
1,310,776
1,431,294
1,490,585
1,648,590
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
............................................
2,190,984
2,703,772
3,776,751
4,101,491
4,399,937
4,747,005
5,029,036
5,042,597
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.........................................
1,198,498
2,083,966
3,225,668
3,427,187
3,397,924
3,186,216
3,285,592
3,287,947
State
governments
.......................................................................
430,007
688,502
1,221,746
1,419,019
1,384,288
1,297,296
1,412,609
1,336,890
Appropriations
..........................................................................
259,463
331,004
356,009
271,941
240,067
258,995
232,579
242,997
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
...........................................
39,349
65,330
114,495
121,179
121,755
88,814
142,522
160,535
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
..............................................
131,195
292,168
751,242
1,025,899
1,022,466
949,488
1,037,509
933,358
Local
governments
.......................................................................
167,266
218,599
398,367
379,364
401,468
487,629
406,862
524,751
Appropriations
..........................................................................
4,535
2,696
17,543
16,446
5,572
2,198
3,763
3,898
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
...........................................
19,536
29,067
43,647
49,431
54,549
63,311
74,301
188,680
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
..............................................
143,195
186,836
337,177
313,487
341,347
422,119
328,797
332,174
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
..............................................
2,072,631
3,293,435
4,705,341
4,934,809
5,328,009
5,680,389
6,127,716
6,854,515
Unrestricted
.............................................................................
1,096,871
1,826,109
2,187,630
2,269,272
2,542,575
2,701,866
2,872,151
3,327,762
Restricted
.................................................................................
975,760
1,467,326
2,517,711
2,665,536
2,785,434
2,978,523
3,255,565
3,526,752
Endowment
income
......................................................................
1,149,042
1,876,203
2,834,333
2,846,578
2,960,043
3,030,193
3,294,805
3,849,693
Unrestricted
.............................................................................
667,002
1,102,801
1,373,303
1,300,310
1,279,388
1,298,562
1,382,336
1,768,169
Restricted
.................................................................................
482,040
773,402
1,461,030
1,546,268
1,680,655
1,731,631
1,912,468
2,081,523
Sales
and
services
.......................................................................
5,198,255
8,242,785
12,501,834
13,723,798
14,468,452
15,309,195
15,436,197
15,599,719
Educational
activities
...............................................................
461,859
772,272
1,351,766
1,556,995
1,794,217
1,952,836
1,974,500
2,014,598
Auxiliary
enterprises
................................................................
2,653,200
3,952,809
5,787,670
6,048,495
6,341,253
6,656,340
6,889,833
7,188,666
Hospitals
..................................................................................
2,083,195
3,517,705
5,362,398
6,118,307
6,332,982
6,700,019
6,571,863
6,396,455
Other
sources
...............................................................................
927,183
1,523,490
2,440,485
2,598,329
2,762,175
2,840,526
3,290,042
3,920,169
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
revenue
...............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Tuition
and
fees
............................................................................
35.9
37.8
39.4
39.7
40.2
40.9
41.4
41.5
Federal
government
.....................................................................
19.0
16.8
15.7
15.6
15.2
14.8
14.7
14.1
Appropriations
..........................................................................
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
...........................................
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
2
............................................
9.9
7.8
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.0
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.........................................
5.4
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.5
4.9
4.8
4.5
State
governments
.......................................................................
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.1
1.9
Appropriations
..........................................................................
1.2
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
...........................................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
..............................................
0.6
0.8
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.3
Local
governments
.......................................................................
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
Appropriations
..........................................................................
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
Unrestricted
grants
and
contracts
...........................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
Restricted
grants
and
contracts
..............................................
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.5
0.5
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
..............................................
9.4
9.5
8.8
8.5
8.7
8.8
9.0
9.5
Unrestricted
.............................................................................
5.0
5.2
4.1
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.6
Restricted
.................................................................................
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.9
Endowment
income
......................................................................
5.2
5.4
5.3
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.8
5.3
Unrestricted
.............................................................................
3.0
3.2
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.4
Restricted
.................................................................................
2.2
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
Sales
and
services
.......................................................................
23.5
23.7
23.3
23.7
23.6
23.7
22.6
21.6
Educational
activities
...............................................................
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.8
Auxiliary
enterprises
................................................................
12.0
11.3
10.8
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.1
9.9
Hospitals
..................................................................................
9.4
10.1
10.0
10.6
10.3
10.4
9.6
8.9
Other
sources
...............................................................................
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.8
5.4
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
Federally
supported
student
aid
that
is
received
through
students
is
included
under
tuition
and
auxiliary
enterprises.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
revenues
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)
352
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
328.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
source
of
funds:
1919
 
20
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

Year
Current­
fund
revenue
Student
tuition
and
fees
1
Federal
government
2
State
governments
3
Local
governments
Endowment
earnings
Private
gifts
and
grants
4
Sales
and
services
of
educational
activities
Auxiliary
enterprises
Hospitals
5
Other
current
income
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Higher
education
institutions
1919
 
20
.......................
$
199,922
$
42,255
$
12,783
$
61,690
(
6)
$
26,482
$
7,584
 
$
26,993
 
$
22,135
1929
 
30
.......................
554,511
144,126
20,658
150,847
(
6)
68,605
26,172
 
60,419
 
83,684
1939
 
40
.......................
715,211
200,897
38,860
151,222
$
24,392
71,304
40,453
$
32,777
143,923
 
11,383
1949
 
50
.......................
2,374,645
394,610
524,319
491,636
61,700
96,341
118,627
111,987
511,265
 
64,160
1959
 
60
.......................
5,785,537
1,157,482
1,036,990
1,374,476
151,715
206,619
382,569
102,525
1,004,283
$
187,769
181,110
1969
 
70
.......................
21,515,242
4,419,845
4,130,066
5,873,626
778,162
516,038
1,129,438
612,777
2,900,390
619,578
535,323
1975
 
76
.......................
39,703,166
8,171,942
6,477,178
12,260,885
1,616,975
687,470
1,917,036
645,420
4,547,622
2,494,340
884,298
1976
 
77
.......................
43,436,827
9,024,932
7,169,031
13,285,684
1,626,908
764,788
2,105,070
779,058
4,919,602
2,859,376
902,377
1977
 
78
.......................
47,034,032
9,855,270
6,968,501
14,746,166
1,744,230
832,286
2,320,368
882,715
5,327,821
3,268,956
1,087,719
1978
 
79
.......................
51,837,789
10,704,171
7,851,326
16,363,784
1,573,018
985,242
2,489,366
1,037,130
5,741,309
3,763,453
1,328,991
1979
 
80
.......................
58,519,982
11,930,340
8,902,844
18,378,299
1,587,552
1,176,627
2,808,075
1,239,439
6,481,458
4,373,384
1,641,965
1980
 
81
.......................
65,584,789
13,773,259
9,747,586
20,106,222
1,790,740
1,364,443
3,176,670
1,409,730
7,287,290
4,980,346
1,948,503
1981
 
82
.......................
72,190,856
15,774,038
9,591,805
21,848,791
1,937,669
1,596,813
3,563,558
1,582,922
8,121,611
5,838,565
2,335,084
1982
 
83
.......................
77,595,726
17,776,041
9,631,097
23,065,636
2,031,353
1,720,677
4,052,649
1,723,484
8,769,521
6,531,562
2,293,706
1983
 
84
.......................
84,417,287
19,714,884
10,406,166
24,706,990
2,192,275
1,873,945
4,415,275
1,970,747
9,456,369
7,040,662
2,639,973
1984
 
85
.......................
92,472,694
21,283,329
11,509,125
27,583,011
2,387,212
2,096,298
4,896,325
2,126,927
10,100,410
7,474,575
3,015,483
1985
 
86
.......................
100,437,616
23,116,605
12,704,750
29,911,500
2,544,506
2,275,898
5,410,905
2,373,494
10,674,136
8,226,635
3,199,186
1986
 
87
.......................
108,809,827
25,705,827
13,904,049
31,309,303
2,799,321
2,377,958
5,952,682
2,641,906
11,364,188
9,277,834
3,476,760
1987
 
88
.......................
117,340,109
27,836,781
14,771,954
33,517,166
3,006,263
2,586,441
6,359,282
2,918,090
11,947,778
10,626,566
3,769,787
1988
 
89
.......................
128,501,638
30,806,566
15,893,978
36,031,208
3,363,676
2,914,396
7,060,730
3,315,620
12,855,580
11,991,265
4,268,618
1989
 
90
.......................
139,635,477
33,926,060
17,254,874
38,349,239
3,639,902
3,143,696
7,781,422
3,632,100
13,938,469
13,216,664
4,753,051
1990
 
91
.......................
149,766,051
37,434,462
18,236,082
39,480,874
3,931,239
3,268,629
8,361,265
4,054,703
14,903,127
15,149,672
4,945,998
1991
 
92
.......................
161,395,896
41,559,037
19,833,317
40,586,907
4,159,876
3,442,009
8,977,271
4,520,890
15,758,599
17,240,338
5,317,651
1992
 
93
.......................
170,880,503
45,346,071
21,014,564
41,247,955
4,444,875
3,627,773
9,659,977
5,037,901
16,662,850
18,124,015
5,714,523
1993
 
94
.......................
179,226,601
48,646,538
22,076,385
41,910,288
4,998,306
3,669,536
10,203,062
5,294,030
17,537,514
18,959,776
5,931,167
1994
 
95
.......................
189,120,570
51,506,876
23,243,172
44,343,012
5,165,961
3,988,217
10,866,749
5,603,251
18,336,094
19,100,217
6,967,023
1995
 
96
7
.....................
197,414,848
54,725,982
23,879,098
45,621,627
5,589,988
4,570,933
11,942,987
5,552,907
18,861,585
18,672,680
7,997,061
Degree­
granting
institutions
8
1995
 
96
7
.....................
197,973,236
55,260,293
23,939,075
45,692,673
5,607,909
4,562,171
11,903,126
5,530,763
18,867,540
18,611,570
7,998,116
1
Tuition
and
fees
received
from
veterans
under
Public
Law
550
are
reported
under
student
fees
and
are
not
under
income
from
the
federal
government.

2
Federally
supported
student
aid
that
is
received
through
students
is
included
under
tuition
and
auxiliary
enterprises.

3
Includes
federal
aid
received
through
state
channels
and
regional
compacts,
through
1959
 
60.

4
Beginning
in
1969
 
70,
the
private
grants
represent
nongovernmental
revenue
for
sponsored
research,
student
aid,

and
other
sponsored
programs.

5
Prior
to
1959
 
60,
data
for
hospitals
are
included
under
sales
and
services
of
educational
activities.

6
Income
from
state
and
local
governments
tabulated
under
``
State
governments.''

7
Preliminary
data.
8
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
years
prior
to
1969
 
70
are
not
entirely
comparable
with
data
for
later
years.
Also,
some
details
for
1969
 
70
are
not
directly
comparable
with
data
for
later
years.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
353
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
329.
 
Revenue
of
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
source
of
funds,
and
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1995
 
96
1
Control
and
type
of
institution
Current­
fund
revenue
Student
tuition
and
fees
2
Federal
government
3
State
governments
Local
governments
Private
gifts
and
grants
Endowment
earnings
Educational
activities
Auxiliary
enterprises
Hospitals
Other
current
income
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
In
thousands
Total
.......................................
$
197,973,236
$
55,260,293
$
23,939,075
$
45,692,673
$
5,607,909
$
11,903,126
$
4,562,171
$
5,530,763
$
18,867,540
$
18,611,570
$
7,998,116
Public
........................................
123,501,152
23,257,454
13,672,467
44,242,546
5,074,511
5,089,344
721,079
3,528,610
11,595,408
12,275,778
4,043,955
Research
I
universities
4
.......
45,852,598
6,987,745
6,947,554
12,900,110
265,733
2,783,156
455,956
1,881,408
4,508,912
7,868,627
1,253,397
Research
II
universities
4
......
7,435,932
1,734,166
850,568
2,947,146
16,689
392,881
60,092
239,868
997,861
0
196,660
Doctoral
universities
..............
13,095,143
3,075,536
1,123,412
5,481,957
141,922
597,166
93,975
290,084
1,527,466
28,016
735,610
Master's
.................................
19,859,470
5,432,628
1,085,117
9,175,109
141,683
402,474
42,421
334,154
2,548,088
213,992
483,804
Baccalaureate
.......................
2,614,689
819,012
169,645
1,119,902
20,952
69,393
5,954
32,710
323,686
0
53,433
Associate
of
arts
...................
22,390,650
4,737,100
1,202,053
9,726,884
4,310,097
219,693
22,723
148,172
1,321,780
0
702,148
Specialized
institutions
5
........
12,153,717
461,503
2,229,198
2,886,555
173,129
619,622
37,957
601,410
364,726
4,165,143
614,474
Health
and
medicine
..........
10,321,242
307,002
1,092,398
2,626,054
148,363
595,699
37,060
595,787
240,458
4,095,711
582,711
Engineering
........................
210,784
49,143
14,598
110,015
9
10,195
436
3,357
16,676
0
6,354
Business
............................
29,189
6,881
1,143
16,022
25
574
20
2,008
2,260
0
256
Fine
arts
.............................
124,753
31,786
825
38,374
20,422
1,677
15
89
13,149
0
18,418
Other
specialized
...............
1,467,749
66,692
1,120,235
96,090
4,310
11,476
426
169
92,183
69,432
6,736
Tribal
colleges
6
.....................
98,952
9,763
64,918
4,883
4,307
4,958
2,003
804
2,889
0
4,428
4­
year
.................................
22,357
1,555
16,263
416
14
1,520
1,137
58
281
0
1,113
2­
year
.................................
76,595
8,208
48,655
4,467
4,293
3,438
866
745
2,608
0
3,315
Private
.......................................
74,472,083
32,002,839
10,266,608
1,450,127
533,398
6,813,782
3,841,091
2,002,153
7,272,132
6,335,792
3,954,162
Research
I
universities
4
.......
28,660,156
6,536,105
7,614,907
308,927
227,917
2,751,160
1,660,623
1,535,736
1,865,321
4,780,755
1,378,705
Research
II
universities
4
......
4,223,996
1,631,549
363,920
33,859
696
441,760
247,042
19,262
583,118
744,305
158,486
Doctoral
universities
..............
6,716,799
3,828,444
467,146
159,855
10,560
475,027
281,992
158,168
648,935
109,900
576,771
Master's
.................................
10,766,428
7,160,907
482,107
267,073
5,147
672,409
289,055
145,176
1,383,871
9,664
351,019
Baccalaureate
.......................
13,844,720
8,106,824
427,024
346,823
9,828
1,299,133
967,274
39,381
2,165,122
0
483,311
Associate
of
arts
...................
2,126,183
1,575,989
84,814
115,617
9,421
97,686
20,570
15,123
135,206
811
70,946
Specialized
institutions
5
........
8,100,221
3,159,368
803,441
216,598
269,828
1,074,991
374,365
89,285
489,983
690,359
932,005
Religion
and
theology
........
1,065,614
325,057
15,206
5,353
1,789
367,175
150,378
6,318
141,526
424
52,388
Health
and
medicine
..........
4,120,600
787,812
715,469
139,812
264,667
504,006
86,667
53,510
114,464
689,362
764,829
Engineering
........................
410,164
231,960
29,620
9,844
325
48,781
30,136
2,263
30,511
0
26,723
Business
............................
1,073,672
776,928
14,374
36,375
17
48,388
16,204
18,951
117,798
0
44,635
Fine
arts
.............................
857,648
614,559
16,863
18,542
1,499
71,030
41,239
3,032
66,516
0
24,368
Other
specialized
...............
572,525
423,052
11,909
6,672
1,531
35,610
49,741
5,210
19,168
572
19,061
Tribal
colleges
6
.....................
33,580
3,652
23,249
1,375
0
1,616
171
22
576
0
2,918
4­
year
.................................
12,692
1,803
8,402
438
0
942
0
22
249
0
836
2­
year
.................................
20,888
1,849
14,847
937
0
674
171
0
327
0
2,082
Percentage
distribution
Total
......................................
100.00
27.91
12.09
23.08
2.83
6.01
2.30
2.79
9.53
9.40
4.04
Public
........................................
100.00
18.83
11.07
35.82
4.11
4.12
0.58
2.86
9.39
9.94
3.27
Research
I
universities
4
.......
100.00
15.24
15.15
28.13
0.58
6.07
0.99
4.10
9.83
17.16
2.73
Research
II
universities
4
......
100.00
23.32
11.44
39.63
0.22
5.28
0.81
3.23
13.42
0.00
2.64
Doctoral
universities
..............
100.00
23.49
8.58
41.86
1.08
4.56
0.72
2.22
11.66
0.21
5.62
Master's
.................................
100.00
27.36
5.46
46.20
0.71
2.03
0.21
1.68
12.83
1.08
2.44
Baccalaureate
.......................
100.00
31.32
6.49
42.83
0.80
2.65
0.23
1.25
12.38
0.00
2.04
Associate
of
arts
...................
100.00
21.16
5.37
43.44
19.25
0.98
0.10
0.66
5.90
0.00
3.14
Specialized
institutions
5
........
100.00
3.80
18.34
23.75
1.42
5.10
0.31
4.95
3.00
34.27
5.06
Health
and
medicine
..........
100.00
2.97
10.58
25.44
1.44
5.77
0.36
5.77
2.33
39.68
5.65
Engineering
........................
100.00
23.31
6.93
52.19
0.00
4.84
0.21
1.59
7.91
0.00
3.01
Business
............................
100.00
23.57
3.92
54.89
0.09
1.97
0.07
6.88
7.74
0.00
0.88
Fine
arts
.............................
100.00
25.48
0.66
30.76
16.37
1.34
0.01
0.07
10.54
0.00
14.76
Other
specialized
...............
100.00
4.54
76.32
6.55
0.29
0.78
0.03
0.01
6.28
4.73
0.46
Tribal
colleges
6
.....................
100.00
9.87
65.61
4.93
4.35
5.01
2.02
0.81
2.92
0.00
4.47
4­
year
.................................
100.00
6.96
72.74
1.86
0.06
6.80
5.09
0.26
1.26
0.00
4.98
2­
year
.................................
100.00
10.72
63.52
5.83
5.60
4.49
1.13
0.97
3.40
0.00
4.33
Private
.......................................
100.00
42.97
13.79
1.95
0.72
9.15
5.16
2.69
9.76
8.51
5.31
Research
I
universities
4
.......
100.00
22.81
26.57
1.08
0.80
9.60
5.79
5.36
6.51
16.68
4.81
Research
II
universities
4
......
100.00
38.63
8.62
0.80
0.02
10.46
5.85
0.46
13.80
17.62
3.75
Doctoral
universities
..............
100.00
57.00
6.95
2.38
0.16
7.07
4.20
2.35
9.66
1.64
8.59
Master's
.................................
100.00
66.51
4.48
2.48
0.05
6.25
2.68
1.35
12.85
0.09
3.26
Baccalaureate
.......................
100.00
58.56
3.08
2.51
0.07
9.38
6.99
0.28
15.64
0.00
3.49
Associate
of
arts
...................
100.00
74.12
3.99
5.44
0.44
4.59
0.97
0.71
6.36
0.04
3.34
Specialized
institutions
5
........
100.00
39.00
9.92
2.67
3.33
13.27
4.62
1.10
6.05
8.52
11.51
Religion
and
theology
........
100.00
30.50
1.43
0.50
0.17
34.46
14.11
0.59
13.28
0.04
4.92
Health
and
medicine
..........
100.00
19.12
17.36
3.39
6.42
12.23
2.10
1.30
2.78
16.73
18.56
Engineering
........................
100.00
56.55
7.22
2.40
0.08
11.89
7.35
0.55
7.44
0.00
6.52
Business
............................
100.00
72.36
1.34
3.39
0.00
4.51
1.51
1.77
10.97
0.00
4.16
Fine
arts
.............................
100.00
71.66
1.97
2.16
0.17
8.28
4.81
0.35
7.76
0.00
2.84
Other
specialized
...............
100.00
73.89
2.08
1.17
0.27
6.22
8.69
0.91
3.35
0.10
3.33
Tribal
colleges
6
......................
100.00
10.88
69.24
4.09
0.00
4.81
0.51
0.07
1.72
0.00
8.69
4­
year
.................................
100.00
14.20
66.20
3.45
0.00
7.42
0.00
0.18
1.96
0.00
6.59
2­
year
.................................
100.00
8.85
71.08
4.49
0.00
3.23
0.82
0.00
1.56
0.00
9.97
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Includes
federally
supported
aid
received
through
students.
3
Includes
appropriations,
grants,
contracts,
and
revenues
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
4
Research
institutions
are
committed
to
graduate
education
through
the
doctorate,
and
give
high
priority
to
research.
Research
I
institutions
receive
$
40
million
or
more
annually
in
federal
support.
Research
II
institutions
receive
between
$
15.5
million
and
$
40
million
annually.
5
Specialized
institutions
award
baccalaureate
or
higher
level
degrees
in
specific
fields
of
study.
6
Tribally
controlled
colleges
are
located
on
reservations
and
are
members
of
the
American
Indian
Higher
Education
Consortium.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance,
1995
 
96''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
354
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
330.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state,
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Institutions
of
higher
education
Percent
change,
1990
 
91
to
1995
 
96
Degreegranting
institutions,
1995
 
96
2
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
.........
$
43,195,617
$
65,004,632
$
88,911,433
$
94,904,506
$
102,202,890
$
108,186,484
$
112,968,097
$
119,312,493
$
123,378,526
30.0
$
123,501,152
Alabama
......................
889,121
1,401,693
1,926,148
2,131,005
2,296,665
2,521,938
2,614,224
2,805,154
2,852,401
33.9
2,852,401
Alaska
.........................
159,446
221,837
270,926
291,826
304,857
323,740
342,624
344,877
357,215
22.4
357,215
Arizona
........................
719,835
1,049,493
1,483,996
1,596,710
1,655,873
1,677,711
1,834,035
1,931,523
2,037,986
27.6
2,046,890
Arkansas
.....................
350,597
539,185
781,375
818,079
920,699
995,482
1,036,610
1,113,954
1,210,768
48.0
1,239,571
California
.....................
5,906,729
8,739,396
11,776,298
12,281,700
13,628,928
14,262,239
13,868,703
14,558,144
14,716,907
19.8
14,726,206
Colorado
......................
747,040
1,085,076
1,390,413
1,483,901
1,594,541
1,714,698
1,803,735
1,914,233
2,027,721
36.6
2,027,721
Connecticut
.................
378,527
578,866
833,154
889,831
940,067
976,380
1,020,170
1,148,389
1,179,290
32.5
1,177,959
Delaware
.....................
168,522
251,677
354,322
388,635
433,186
446,768
471,017
496,696
505,678
30.1
505,678
District
of
Columbia
.....
66,138
84,144
96,906
95,729
100,038
98,170
99,749
103,770
100,393
4.9
105,037
Florida
.........................
1,202,788
1,810,090
2,812,644
2,944,935
3,049,921
3,202,499
3,411,727
3,584,085
3,790,131
28.7
3,777,158
Georgia
.......................
765,826
1,267,472
1,794,990
1,953,866
2,042,825
2,268,331
2,494,263
2,760,323
3,000,258
53.6
2,878,818
Hawaii
.........................
219,633
316,246
433,164
497,495
579,805
594,752
628,043
651,282
560,760
12.7
560,760
Idaho
...........................
169,274
235,507
320,119
359,710
396,173
416,359
456,107
492,918
538,173
49.6
545,766
Illinois
..........................
1,809,981
2,560,241
3,370,011
3,566,406
3,659,328
3,924,599
4,100,967
4,360,136
4,542,868
27.4
4,542,868
Indiana
........................
1,094,560
1,701,421
2,302,583
2,494,029
2,767,477
2,882,592
3,009,908
3,080,345
2,857,055
14.6
2,857,055
Iowa
.............................
784,950
1,109,681
1,653,221
1,775,267
1,827,776
1,930,399
2,014,244
2,106,504
2,231,113
25.7
2,231,113
Kansas
........................
594,104
864,119
1,174,759
1,219,129
1,297,129
1,350,052
1,469,872
1,553,593
1,606,739
31.8
1,618,071
Kentucky
.....................
671,414
943,068
1,283,778
1,450,958
1,565,021
1,576,644
1,656,119
1,778,568
1,881,064
29.6
1,881,064
Louisiana
.....................
735,374
1,055,941
1,301,127
1,447,772
1,553,258
1,821,190
1,844,187
1,968,669
1,937,787
33.8
1,998,340
Maine
..........................
157,370
222,624
352,024
373,770
375,512
384,730
398,639
400,426
410,472
9.8
413,730
Maryland
.....................
818,850
1,144,230
1,638,822
1,777,841
1,745,479
1,913,029
1,984,038
2,074,521
2,227,596
25.3
2,227,596
Massachusetts
............
582,873
1,075,348
1,429,770
1,457,142
1,525,943
1,639,854
1,491,921
1,586,319
1,684,869
15.6
1,691,648
Michigan
......................
2,094,394
3,071,172
4,322,956
4,648,488
5,127,892
5,329,224
5,529,883
5,798,882
6,047,686
30.1
6,047,686
Minnesota
....................
894,236
1,373,436
1,916,297
2,080,637
2,261,978
2,363,483
2,494,341
2,671,566
2,781,726
33.7
2,786,053
Mississippi
...................
543,209
734,813
956,300
1,005,448
1,054,530
1,150,201
1,215,602
1,443,162
1,488,765
48.1
1,500,350
Missouri
.......................
717,626
1,032,685
1,416,556
1,517,071
1,566,480
1,698,594
1,805,266
1,978,783
2,095,143
38.1
2,100,852
Montana
......................
123,933
181,462
227,403
258,189
334,243
349,102
362,905
385,984
414,843
60.7
414,843
Nebraska
.....................
390,372
554,814
787,282
870,289
941,062
989,156
1,033,731
1,124,836
1,216,869
39.8
1,216,869
Nevada
........................
113,298
184,883
286,719
336,841
368,245
392,258
412,884
484,276
492,276
46.1
492,276
New
Hampshire
...........
131,990
190,462
275,121
304,315
324,186
348,839
373,498
391,619
412,456
35.5
412,456
New
Jersey
.................
917,143
1,446,098
2,253,830
2,413,530
2,610,949
2,745,100
2,920,767
3,106,652
3,189,439
32.1
3,189,439
New
Mexico
................
334,392
473,716
858,989
944,248
1,056,819
1,125,366
1,190,519
1,316,934
1,356,644
43.7
1,369,513
New
York
....................
2,519,437
3,830,119
5,014,789
5,424,379
5,616,604
6,117,555
6,574,152
6,887,321
6,861,111
26.5
6,861,111
North
Carolina
.............
1,146,931
1,857,124
2,480,396
2,650,124
2,873,684
3,113,193
3,299,213
3,521,601
3,640,049
37.4
3,640,049
North
Dakota
...............
196,267
286,550
365,089
377,960
411,293
431,464
431,381
467,926
445,128
17.8
445,128
Ohio
.............................
1,828,079
2,824,411
3,871,477
4,184,621
4,484,576
4,628,902
4,895,812
4,976,134
4,975,749
18.9
4,982,846
Oklahoma
....................
588,936
873,446
997,781
1,072,967
1,190,393
1,209,863
1,257,552
1,300,779
1,382,711
28.9
1,382,711
Oregon
........................
647,391
899,709
1,242,595
1,358,244
1,523,505
1,615,882
1,687,205
1,816,031
1,891,391
39.3
1,891,391
Pennsylvania
...............
1,575,104
2,473,794
3,511,535
3,692,745
4,153,483
4,262,533
4,423,633
4,684,460
5,017,535
35.9
5,017,535
Rhode
Island
...............
156,451
213,859
291,376
292,404
308,383
325,003
329,277
344,171
354,437
21.2
354,437
South
Carolina
............
630,966
957,771
1,333,941
1,502,709
1,629,876
1,733,468
1,924,747
1,997,203
1,960,481
30.5
1,960,481
South
Dakota
..............
127,839
147,699
184,954
198,583
219,751
241,536
260,907
260,853
266,880
34.4
297,342
Tennessee
..................
675,770
1,104,118
1,556,416
1,634,491
1,672,605
1,839,384
1,961,312
2,053,495
2,110,517
29.1
2,111,127
Texas
..........................
2,858,725
4,558,275
5,777,100
6,015,609
6,664,828
7,126,068
7,688,388
8,123,435
8,775,323
45.9
8,779,578
Utah
.............................
431,294
686,817
960,027
1,020,836
1,160,882
1,224,127
1,307,681
1,402,962
1,489,664
45.9
1,489,664
Vermont
.......................
127,337
191,559
267,178
281,526
298,524
305,477
316,905
329,679
341,988
21.5
341,988
Virginia
........................
1,159,453
1,876,151
2,736,307
2,902,939
3,041,850
3,176,437
3,323,028
3,483,691
3,609,275
24.3
3,609,275
Washington
.................
998,146
1,445,849
1,966,838
2,188,366
2,355,445
2,539,934
2,744,035
2,877,386
3,004,118
37.3
3,040,757
West
Virginia
...............
318,915
385,170
502,436
563,796
608,294
631,619
666,268
693,159
733,332
30.1
734,283
Wisconsin
....................
1,228,414
1,761,927
2,343,203
2,487,501
2,629,388
2,775,635
2,954,564
3,033,547
3,105,328
24.8
3,108,030
Wyoming
.....................
140,520
208,595
237,093
251,760
271,290
270,515
278,270
293,209
298,526
18.6
298,526
U.
S.
Service
Schools
..
586,095
920,790
1,188,896
1,128,158
1,181,348
1,204,411
1,253,468
1,248,328
1,361,895
20.7
1,361,895
Outlying
areas
........
242,380
451,734
573,106
557,655
665,323
704,076
589,470
750,676
836,541
50.0
831,925
American
Samoa
........
1,305
2,413
3,585
3,939
4,057
4,428
4,610
4,817
13,880
252.3
13,880
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
...............
 
 
1,842
2,063
2,078
3,453
3,932
6,517
8,496
311.7
8,496
Guam
..........................
14,291
31,139
50,411
61,667
70,658
74,928
68,198
71,873
65,710
6.6
65,710
Marshall
Islands
..........
 
 
 
 
3,798
1,111
2,176
1,633
1,685
 
1,685
Northern
Marianas
......
 
1,350
791
1,458
1,715
2,462
3,511
12,174
15,792
983.0
15,792
Palau
...........................
 
 
4,038
4,100
3,948
5,133
4,762
4,083
3,900
 
4.9
3,900
Puerto
Rico
.................
213,012
392,194
487,133
428,768
518,747
581,128
468,739
615,912
691,409
61.3
686,792
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
......................
1,669
5,681
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
..............
12,103
18,957
25,307
55,659
60,322
31,432
33,542
33,668
35,669
 
35.9
35,669
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4
 
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1999.)
355
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
331.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
source
of
funds
and
state:
1995
 
96
1
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Total
Tuition
and
fees
Federal
appropriations
grants,
and
contracts
2
State
appropriations
grants,
and
contracts
Local
appropriations
grants,
and
contracts
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
Endowment
income
Auxiliary
enterprises
Hospitals
Educational
activities
and
other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
.........................................
$
123,501,152
$
23,257,454
$
13,672,467
$
44,242,546
$
5,074,511
$
5,089,344
$
721,079
$
11,595,408
$
12,275,778
$
7,572,564
Alabama
......................................................
2,852,401
422,162
329,268
910,821
12,774
94,439
22,368
199,804
708,660
152,105
Alaska
.........................................................
357,215
48,965
47,811
184,926
1,537
16,119
4,354
21,404
0
32,098
Arizona
........................................................
2,046,890
446,910
283,416
717,882
227,935
101,063
4,576
184,578
0
80,530
Arkansas
.....................................................
1,239,571
170,198
103,826
482,995
2,549
30,698
1,877
97,111
290,677
59,640
California
.....................................................
14,726,206
1,946,651
1,447,361
5,364,254
1,539,469
466,487
72,189
884,446
1,801,345
1,204,003
Colorado
.....................................................
2,027,721
558,587
379,708
562,522
31,803
94,370
10,003
250,515
14,247
125,966
Connecticut
.................................................
1,177,959
244,852
81,541
485,531
2
25,581
191
81,549
196,741
61,971
Delaware
.....................................................
505,678
176,218
47,397
135,563
18,845
17,897
20,897
69,173
0
19,687
District
of
Columbia
....................................
105,037
12,681
6,879
0
75,446
755
820
656
0
7,799
Florida
.........................................................
3,777,158
643,509
361,659
2,041,106
3,430
182,621
122
347,172
0
197,539
Georgia
.......................................................
2,878,818
442,426
283,325
1,401,323
22,406
143,057
3,330
254,768
250,147
78,033
Hawaii
.........................................................
560,760
66,979
113,314
291,598
637
19,665
1,886
55,775
0
10,907
Idaho
...........................................................
545,766
95,044
66,841
246,420
11,116
22,528
11,010
62,790
0
30,016
Illinois
..........................................................
4,542,868
821,903
416,940
1,593,582
431,393
148,347
4,660
454,316
271,423
400,304
Indiana
........................................................
2,857,055
707,374
245,947
1,041,265
2,874
132,223
6,928
510,658
0
209,785
Iowa
............................................................
2,231,113
325,677
293,127
675,733
31,053
74,743
3,358
233,981
436,158
157,282
Kansas
........................................................
1,618,071
281,686
140,493
561,416
127,349
41,348
34,298
126,427
201,750
103,304
Kentucky
.....................................................
1,881,064
322,127
129,500
745,011
7,571
66,550
12,450
144,610
253,189
200,055
Louisiana
.....................................................
1,998,340
385,661
141,488
749,542
15,448
55,113
4,502
228,815
158,532
259,238
Maine
..........................................................
413,730
98,845
38,181
176,932
150
16,287
2,680
52,369
0
28,285
Maryland
.....................................................
2,227,596
559,473
262,120
793,161
140,585
84,244
6,719
265,687
0
115,607
Massachusetts
............................................
1,691,648
498,490
153,230
724,892
10,531
48,027
1,554
183,495
6,092
65,337
Michigan
......................................................
6,047,686
1,389,680
624,085
1,648,531
233,291
320,338
38,372
631,299
868,828
293,261
Minnesota
...................................................
2,786,053
484,686
290,132
994,185
2,511
213,422
7,832
267,339
369,987
155,958
Mississippi
...................................................
1,500,350
221,330
161,794
621,888
35,514
37,300
1,461
153,150
205,265
62,648
Missouri
.......................................................
2,100,852
481,379
123,550
724,349
74,785
78,092
12,692
201,668
230,915
173,421
Montana
......................................................
414,843
96,889
71,519
132,339
4,124
16,976
516
57,404
0
35,074
Nebraska
.....................................................
1,216,869
152,686
132,136
393,822
59,522
53,128
3,078
129,766
244,850
47,882
Nevada
........................................................
492,276
81,588
55,200
244,157
6,961
25,634
2,364
43,924
0
32,449
New
Hampshire
..........................................
412,456
163,490
38,789
87,273
2,452
20,450
2,192
80,700
0
17,111
New
Jersey
.................................................
3,189,439
685,731
201,708
1,207,942
164,063
96,628
13,225
250,677
382,962
186,502
New
Mexico
................................................
1,369,513
117,418
248,205
463,473
49,249
69,426
12,901
87,057
227,577
94,207
New
York
....................................................
6,861,111
1,600,781
516,413
2,624,410
465,633
272,804
13,723
417,880
793,132
156,334
North
Carolina
.............................................
3,640,049
418,900
426,178
1,741,318
83,757
175,561
25,755
659,884
0
108,697
North
Dakota
...............................................
445,128
91,813
76,171
143,788
685
24,416
2,607
68,198
214
37,236
Ohio
............................................................
4,982,846
1,364,964
327,456
1,599,547
129,006
210,341
45,987
495,799
573,353
236,391
Oklahoma
....................................................
1,382,711
226,452
205,622
604,725
18,836
49,509
3,209
216,990
0
57,369
Oregon
........................................................
1,891,391
337,755
255,654
478,915
99,424
121,309
2,594
177,776
312,935
105,030
Pennsylvania
...............................................
5,017,535
1,410,114
513,432
1,219,422
86,585
220,138
40,037
498,576
779,089
250,140
Rhode
Island
...............................................
354,437
115,367
43,841
127,561
0
6,071
0
47,781
0
13,816
South
Carolina
............................................
1,960,481
366,369
177,459
662,357
28,474
69,703
2,502
187,447
400,577
65,594
South
Dakota
..............................................
297,342
72,112
38,370
121,145
2,376
9,993
1,151
30,177
0
22,018
Tennessee
..................................................
2,111,127
333,262
172,386
891,501
14,777
100,752
14,821
182,183
305,736
95,708
Texas
..........................................................
8,779,578
1,328,120
898,808
3,742,170
433,667
372,938
160,923
567,359
286,429
989,165
Utah
............................................................
1,489,664
196,963
188,104
437,418
32,240
48,841
11,984
116,519
267,239
190,356
Vermont
......................................................
341,988
149,199
40,785
48,474
62
26,920
4,897
39,035
0
32,617
Virginia
........................................................
3,609,275
778,303
303,202
927,914
12,048
190,137
34,584
486,855
799,000
77,233
Washington
.................................................
3,040,757
541,393
496,527
1,041,168
25,093
154,670
11,829
350,611
264,081
155,386
West
Virginia
...............................................
734,283
177,456
72,994
344,360
1,770
28,346
0
84,657
0
24,699
Wisconsin
....................................................
3,108,030
554,169
360,387
948,994
278,032
158,991
15,574
239,038
305,214
247,631
Wyoming
.....................................................
298,526
42,089
34,314
132,929
14,668
22,625
3,496
39,267
0
9,138
U.
S.
Service
Schools
..................................
1,361,895
574
1,203,873
0
0
11,722
0
76,294
69,432
0
Outlying
areas
........................................
831,925
83,717
64,402
609,894
24,245
10,868
1,824
14,287
0
22,686
American
Samoa
........................................
13,880
807
891
1,663
9,443
0
0
235
0
841
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
..............................................
8,496
2,788
1,869
67
2,978
239
0
499
0
55
Guam
..........................................................
65,710
7,441
5,897
34,284
10,118
1,057
1,445
2,648
0
2,819
Marshall
Islands
..........................................
1,685
540
715
324
0
12
13
69
0
12
Northern
Marianas
......................................
15,792
2,058
3,943
9,477
16
15
0
0
0
283
Palau
...........................................................
3,900
937
600
2,040
0
0
0
203
0
119
Puerto
Rico
.................................................
686,792
63,757
45,451
544,143
67
8,014
113
7,006
0
18,241
Virgin
Islands
..............................................
35,669
5,389
5,035
17,896
1,623
1,530
253
3,627
0
316
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Includes
independent
operations
(
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
356
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
332.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source
of
funds
and
state:
1994
 
95
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Total
Tuition
and
fees
Federal
appropriations
grants,
and
contracts
1
State
appropriations
grants,
and
contracts
Local
appropriations
grants,
and
contracts
Private
gifts,
grants,
and
contracts
Endowment
income
Auxiliary
enterprises
Hospitals
Educational
activities
and
other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
.........................................
$
119,312,493
$
21,908,104
$
13,191,843
$
42,854,681
$
4,756,884
$
4,737,529
$
693,313
$
11,373,646
$
12,527,982
$
7,268,511
Alabama
......................................................
2,805,154
394,846
288,564
932,269
12,827
108,873
20,115
196,402
688,581
162,677
Alaska
.........................................................
344,877
44,282
53,125
183,183
1,484
8,751
4,424
20,965
0
28,663
Arizona
........................................................
1,931,523
417,437
289,468
677,981
207,387
94,965
4,951
172,181
0
67,154
Arkansas
.....................................................
1,113,954
157,945
88,617
428,995
4,836
28,841
1,561
91,823
262,342
48,995
California
.....................................................
14,558,144
1,925,425
1,488,730
5,136,791
1,436,249
467,666
93,966
977,893
1,786,356
1,245,068
Colorado
.....................................................
1,914,233
529,501
361,312
513,024
31,058
93,448
7,550
242,308
21,697
114,336
Connecticut
.................................................
1,148,389
240,963
73,453
483,674
3
28,729
29
85,554
188,246
47,738
Delaware
.....................................................
496,696
168,566
45,589
144,038
6,404
18,424
19,594
63,401
0
30,680
District
of
Columbia
....................................
103,770
10,834
7,198
0
76,822
509
745
686
0
6,976
Florida
.........................................................
3,584,085
630,396
334,083
1,945,909
9,406
170,314
451
339,537
0
153,988
Georgia
.......................................................
2,760,323
421,658
259,024
1,353,550
24,990
142,696
3,383
234,879
243,834
76,310
Hawaii
.........................................................
651,282
49,393
118,703
400,248
866
15,809
1,907
55,564
0
8,792
Idaho
...........................................................
492,918
81,763
40,966
233,397
10,199
24,089
8,526
61,439
0
32,540
Illinois
..........................................................
4,360,136
785,264
411,547
1,526,511
415,509
128,261
4,540
439,042
290,289
359,172
Indiana
........................................................
3,080,345
667,290
245,079
997,241
2,485
131,184
8,592
505,492
337,027
185,956
Iowa
............................................................
2,106,504
306,259
291,733
644,529
28,206
67,431
1,189
211,661
408,107
147,390
Kansas
........................................................
1,553,593
270,928
136,406
534,983
123,932
35,890
33,176
126,387
205,404
86,487
Kentucky
.....................................................
1,778,568
308,502
126,816
723,541
6,689
43,558
10,457
140,923
254,025
164,056
Louisiana
.....................................................
1,968,669
361,178
131,191
722,746
4,842
52,884
3,788
215,840
233,197
243,002
Maine
..........................................................
400,426
95,166
37,732
170,016
54
14,937
2,409
52,293
0
27,819
Maryland
.....................................................
2,074,521
533,817
231,506
746,749
135,183
84,204
5,402
245,288
0
92,372
Massachusetts
............................................
1,586,319
489,187
146,036
657,970
7,640
47,221
2,901
169,164
6,253
59,947
Michigan
......................................................
5,798,882
1,324,433
576,638
1,549,814
270,342
280,757
31,474
789,543
693,849
282,031
Minnesota
...................................................
2,671,566
452,163
281,445
944,101
12,140
204,456
10,967
228,265
349,949
188,079
Mississippi
...................................................
1,443,162
211,749
167,756
577,021
33,999
41,484
917
154,065
193,866
62,305
Missouri
.......................................................
1,978,783
445,292
116,570
672,581
70,403
77,159
11,273
191,918
225,693
167,896
Montana
......................................................
385,984
83,962
65,963
127,456
5,349
14,694
260
55,565
0
32,736
Nebraska
.....................................................
1,124,836
143,020
123,956
376,415
55,893
54,094
3,656
116,648
207,068
44,087
Nevada
........................................................
484,276
74,680
52,260
245,977
6,989
27,855
1,468
46,037
0
29,010
New
Hampshire
..........................................
391,619
158,519
37,003
85,739
2,200
17,933
2,178
72,833
0
15,214
New
Jersey
.................................................
3,106,652
638,453
200,184
1,178,646
166,050
93,456
11,405
236,490
412,290
169,677
New
Mexico
................................................
1,316,934
111,777
248,072
435,562
45,947
60,926
12,343
91,238
232,906
78,162
New
York
....................................................
6,887,321
1,353,229
511,853
2,936,415
400,559
268,175
16,413
411,486
821,039
168,152
North
Carolina
.............................................
3,521,601
395,357
410,645
1,719,471
80,338
160,493
24,455
568,919
0
161,922
North
Dakota
...............................................
467,926
90,081
69,312
152,737
10,617
9,330
2,647
84,185
13,076
35,941
Ohio
............................................................
4,976,134
1,316,933
338,914
1,496,777
106,878
210,032
43,812
469,762
772,301
220,725
Oklahoma
....................................................
1,300,779
212,190
182,377
588,246
16,827
46,596
2,463
206,153
0
45,927
Oregon
........................................................
1,816,031
310,600
263,044
480,700
108,039
83,535
5,226
166,731
311,672
86,484
Pennsylvania
...............................................
4,684,460
1,337,745
504,383
1,185,305
86,983
187,252
37,900
476,893
679,862
188,138
Rhode
Island
...............................................
344,171
113,798
40,573
123,733
0
4,928
0
47,155
0
13,984
South
Carolina
............................................
1,997,203
349,249
177,590
632,927
25,902
73,937
2,718
182,026
492,824
60,029
South
Dakota
..............................................
260,853
61,618
35,396
104,922
17
8,661
1,038
31,226
0
17,974
Tennessee
..................................................
2,053,495
316,665
177,565
867,689
14,391
91,514
14,222
173,029
304,376
94,043
Texas
..........................................................
8,123,435
1,173,143
833,823
3,444,421
337,615
343,462
140,806
548,766
269,625
1,031,775
Utah
............................................................
1,402,962
185,596
178,645
414,059
26,961
39,222
10,343
111,192
256,821
180,124
Vermont
......................................................
329,679
141,177
39,285
47,322
114
26,386
4,785
37,632
0
32,979
Virginia
........................................................
3,483,691
759,433
304,650
920,807
27,942
169,963
30,181
445,412
755,757
69,546
Washington
.................................................
2,877,386
512,285
472,037
988,475
19,136
141,288
11,783
353,953
246,295
132,135
West
Virginia
...............................................
693,159
175,146
66,256
326,596
2,012
18,004
0
84,271
0
20,874
Wisconsin
....................................................
3,033,547
527,641
361,851
945,078
261,078
145,071
16,156
230,519
306,372
239,782
Wyoming
.....................................................
293,209
40,987
37,985
128,346
15,093
20,514
2,768
38,853
0
8,662
U.
S.
Service
Schools
..................................
1,248,328
583
1,108,932
0
0
7,667
0
74,163
56,982
0
Outlying
areas
750,676
75,136
65,845
548,747
19,394
8,397
750
12,892
0
19,515
American
Samoa
........................................
4,817
81
2,114
2,622
0
0
0
0
0
0
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.................
6,517
3,061
299
50
2,470
70
8
506
0
53
Guam
..........................................................
71,873
6,947
7,095
39,743
11,761
896
509
2,759
0
2,162
Marshall
Islands
..........................................
1,633
521
697
313
0
11
12
67
0
11
Northern
Marianas
......................................
12,174
2,357
3,020
6,388
146
0
0
38
0
225
Palau
...........................................................
4,083
781
522
1,993
0
0
0
598
0
189
Puerto
Rico
.................................................
615,912
56,847
47,348
480,551
2,680
5,807
0
6,148
0
16,532
Virgin
Islands
..............................................
33,668
4,542
4,750
17,087
2,336
1,613
220
2,777
0
343
1
Includes
independent
operations
(
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
357
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
333.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
from
state
and
local
governments
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degreegranting
institutions,
by
state:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

State
Current­
fund
revenue
from
state
and
local
governments
for
institutions
of
higher
education
Current­
fund
revenue
from
state
and
local
governments
for
degree­
granting
institutions
1995
 
96
2
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
Total
State
appropriations
for
public
institutions
Local
appropriations
for
public
institutions
State
and
local
appropriations
for
private
institutions
State
and
local
grants
and
contracts
for
public
institutions
State
and
local
grants
and
contracts
for
private
institutions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
3
....................
$
32,456,006
$
43,412,081
$
46,908,594
$
49,508,974
$
51,211,615
$
51,300,582
$
40,081,437
$
4,397,098
$
245,507
$
4,838,522
$
1,738,018
Alabama
...................................
656,823
758,900
849,967
956,058
932,994
933,041
879,680
4,736
4,804
39,178
4,643
Alaska
......................................
159,781
175,938
186,305
184,683
186,469
186,469
171,580
693
0
14,190
5
Arizona
.....................................
539,054
768,654
817,274
885,484
941,265
947,411
691,335
217,426
0
37,057
1,594
Arkansas
..................................
266,898
332,367
415,536
436,261
468,365
487,917
437,257
2,524
0
45,764
2,373
California
..................................
4,943,659
6,628,037
6,411,115
6,620,028
6,941,662
6,954,655
4,811,297
1,353,630
337
738,796
50,596
Colorado
...................................
391,468
510,649
521,088
550,059
601,294
601,791
497,663
28,786
0
67,876
7,466
Connecticut
..............................
280,012
406,306
411,711
517,270
519,140
518,510
462,183
0
5,886
23,350
27,091
Delaware
..................................
88,661
124,881
140,191
150,656
154,637
154,637
107,968
12,379
0
34,061
229
District
of
Columbia
..................
71,761
84,471
77,727
81,762
77,794
79,705
0
68,257
0
7,189
4,259
Florida
......................................
1,172,112
1,863,133
1,942,724
2,071,336
2,178,675
2,168,310
1,898,618
116
15,192
145,801
108,583
Georgia
....................................
689,379
1,001,889
1,242,527
1,419,447
1,560,494
1,469,948
1,254,216
17,371
8,470
152,142
37,748
Hawaii
......................................
195,375
321,195
400,980
401,145
292,299
292,299
280,503
0
0
11,733
63
Idaho
........................................
125,338
193,188
218,399
244,514
252,641
257,596
223,108
10,435
0
23,993
60
Illinois
.......................................
1,405,622
1,855,023
1,931,481
2,064,998
2,152,959
2,153,129
1,161,833
418,269
0
444,872
128,154
Indiana
.....................................
645,880
984,176
1,019,058
1,026,788
1,074,213
1,074,383
977,517
2,831
0
63,791
30,244
Iowa
..........................................
431,840
599,407
673,738
697,177
727,973
729,291
649,901
29,098
0
27,787
22,505
Kansas
.....................................
422,278
556,372
630,158
662,454
686,794
693,030
528,243
117,684
0
42,838
4,264
Kentucky
..................................
483,027
665,808
705,050
737,954
759,829
759,701
690,328
6,041
0
56,213
7,119
Louisiana
..................................
562,205
634,541
683,174
756,642
731,129
777,333
603,825
8,061
2,487
153,105
9,856
Maine
.......................................
103,724
189,099
178,079
171,750
177,300
178,795
158,044
27
0
19,012
1,712
Maryland
..................................
631,471
943,620
898,788
924,547
979,175
979,175
717,377
136,661
30,213
79,708
15,216
Massachusetts
.........................
589,876
545,606
639,251
700,546
768,557
773,902
669,102
1,779
4,525
64,542
33,955
Michigan
...................................
1,215,291
1,589,630
1,769,771
1,866,604
1,926,437
1,926,437
1,572,241
215,733
7,590
93,848
37,025
Minnesota
.................................
533,573
818,117
956,836
982,180
1,016,743
1,022,884
901,114
0
74
95,582
26,114
Mississippi
................................
362,517
419,177
471,136
611,482
651,102
658,887
570,035
31,725
0
55,642
1,485
Missouri
....................................
506,246
651,819
685,610
751,150
805,954
807,597
669,832
72,895
0
56,407
8,463
Montana
...................................
97,672
119,813
136,263
133,066
136,988
136,988
121,730
3,526
0
11,208
524
Nebraska
..................................
248,544
374,112
419,798
432,997
456,602
456,809
382,465
53,004
0
17,875
3,465
Nevada
.....................................
99,841
173,580
208,216
252,977
251,125
251,136
223,413
0
0
27,704
19
New
Hampshire
.......................
52,393
79,979
90,950
95,768
97,170
97,170
79,376
0
0
10,348
7,446
New
Jersey
..............................
837,214
1,190,657
1,359,960
1,409,358
1,441,939
1,441,937
1,045,117
156,011
3,327
170,877
66,605
New
Mexico
.............................
221,094
413,558
431,098
482,860
507,945
515,083
413,344
42,363
0
57,014
2,362
New
York
.................................
2,726,150
3,421,222
3,893,354
3,982,026
3,746,100
3,746,940
2,202,186
405,160
41,920
482,696
614,976
North
Carolina
..........................
1,074,960
1,633,096
1,746,867
1,852,503
1,881,020
1,881,041
1,686,718
79,490
1,607
58,867
54,360
North
Dakota
............................
118,691
133,796
136,744
163,593
144,751
144,751
138,785
170
0
5,518
278
Ohio
..........................................
1,132,678
1,541,996
1,553,389
1,659,566
1,786,481
1,791,873
1,488,806
120,161
5,736
119,586
57,583
Oklahoma
.................................
437,693
535,024
580,522
606,743
625,298
625,273
536,307
18,578
0
68,676
1,712
Oregon
.....................................
394,899
544,631
571,448
592,624
581,381
581,437
442,603
82,282
0
53,454
3,098
Pennsylvania
............................
961,089
1,276,665
1,379,619
1,508,534
1,552,669
1,564,432
1,110,896
78,912
66,146
116,199
192,279
Rhode
Island
............................
107,265
123,502
117,735
125,567
129,286
129,286
121,153
0
0
6,408
1,725
South
Carolina
.........................
491,802
618,304
631,482
669,239
703,837
703,837
647,111
25,737
0
17,982
13,007
South
Dakota
...........................
65,151
86,262
106,452
105,197
109,075
123,707
105,090
957
0
17,473
186
Tennessee
...............................
528,933
711,103
824,936
898,678
922,486
922,904
850,110
2,113
1,476
54,055
15,150
Texas
.......................................
2,521,860
3,069,099
3,783,870
3,895,369
4,296,038
4,299,323
3,302,958
280,141
33,490
592,738
89,995
Utah
..........................................
256,997
346,711
402,523
441,726
470,613
470,673
414,407
0
0
55,251
1,015
Vermont
....................................
35,334
48,485
49,586
49,432
57,909
57,909
42,400
62
0
6,074
9,373
Virginia
.....................................
775,474
961,845
914,056
977,099
967,358
967,313
839,587
1,282
12,228
99,093
15,123
Washington
..............................
620,383
915,462
1,023,612
1,009,039
1,044,083
1,067,489
914,200
100
0
151,961
1,228
West
Virginia
............................
222,693
280,199
316,565
329,313
346,867
347,179
320,198
693
0
25,240
1,049
Wisconsin
.................................
825,610
1,053,246
1,213,191
1,219,284
1,241,107
1,241,665
937,513
275,712
0
13,800
14,639
Wyoming
..................................
127,714
137,727
138,684
143,439
147,597
147,597
130,162
13,489
0
3,945
0
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
3
Excludes
U.
S.
Service
Schools.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
358
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
REVENUE
Table
334.
 
Current­
fund
revenue
received
from
the
federal
government
by
the
120
institutions
of
higher
education
receiving
the
largest
amounts:
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

Institution
Rank
order
Current­
fund
revenue
from
the
federal
government
1
Institution
Rank
order
Currentfund
revenue
from
the
federal
government
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
United
States
(
all
institutions)
...................
 
$
23,939,075
120
institutions
receiving
the
largest
amounts
.....
 
17,749,174
California
Institute
of
Technology
.........................
1
1,222,384
University
of
Colorado,
Health
Sciences
Center
........................
61
101,937
Johns
Hopkins
University
(
MD)
............................
2
817,287
Purdue
University,
Main
Campus
(
IN)
........................................
62
100,898
University
of
Chicago
(
IL)
.....................................
3
700,181
University
of
Virginia,
Main
Campus
..........................................
63
96,302
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
................
4
608,625
University
of
Hawaii
at
Manoa
....................................................
64
93,741
Stanford
University
(
CA)
.......................................
5
462,069
Rutgers
University,
Central
Office
(
NJ)
......................................
65
92,856
University
of
Washington
......................................
6
380,684
Oregon
State
University
..............................................................
66
91,603
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor
........................
7
320,239
University
of
Texas,
Southwestern
Medical
Center,
Dallas
.......
67
88,857
United
States
Air
Force
Academy
(
CO)
...............
8
305,640
North
Carolina
State
University
at
Raleigh
.................................
68
88,477
University
of
Miami
(
FL)
.......................................
9
286,948
Uniformed
Services
University
of
the
Health
Sciences
(
MD)
.....
69
88,464
United
States
Military
Academy
(
NY)
...................
10
283,007
State
University
of
New
York
at
Stony
Brook
............................
70
84,467
University
of
Wisconsin,
Madison
.........................
11
273,630
Colorado
State
University
...........................................................
71
83,481
University
of
Southern
California
..........................
12
272,429
University
of
Georgia
..................................................................
72
82,148
University
of
California,
San
Diego
......................
13
272,426
Wake
Forest
University
(
NC)
......................................................
73
81,458
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles
...................
14
259,647
Tulane
University
of
Louisiana
...................................................
74
76,650
Harvard
University
(
MA)
.......................................
15
259,419
Cornell
University,
Statutory
Colleges
(
NY)
...............................
75
73,773
Cornell
University
Medical
Center
(
NY)
...............
16
254,693
University
of
Texas
Health
Science
Center
................................
76
73,391
University
of
Pennsylvania
...................................
17
248,881
Virginia
Polytechnic
Institute
and
State
University
.....................
77
73,340
Columbia
University
in
the
City
of
New
York
.......
18
239,546
Yeshiva
University
(
NY)
..............................................................
78
71,317
University
of
Minnesota,
Twin
Cities
....................
19
238,092
University
of
Tennessee,
Knoxville
.............................................
79
71,192
Georgetown
University
(
DC)
.................................
20
236,866
New
Mexico
State
University,
Main
Campus
.............................
80
70,316
University
of
California,
San
Francisco
................
21
231,890
University
of
Maryland,
Baltimore
Professional
Schools
............
81
69,642
United
States
Naval
Academy
(
MD)
....................
22
228,590
Indiana
University­
Purdue
University
at
Indianapolis
.................
82
69,165
University
of
North
Carolina,
Chapel
Hill
..............
23
216,635
State
University
of
New
York
at
Buffalo
.....................................
83
68,885
Yale
University
(
CT)
.............................................
24
202,483
University
of
California,
Santa
Barbara
......................................
84
68,610
Howard
University
(
DC)
........................................
25
198,855
University
of
Kentucky
................................................................
85
67,429
University
of
Pittsburgh,
Main
Campus
(
PA)
........
26
195,479
Washington
State
University
.......................................................
86
65,672
Princeton
University
(
NJ)
......................................
27
192,874
Mount
Sinai
School
of
Medicine
(
NY)
........................................
87
65,242
Pennsylvania
State
University,
Main
Campus
.....
28
188,380
Wayne
State
University
(
MI)
.......................................................
88
65,175
Duke
University
(
NC)
............................................
29
187,672
City
University
of
New
York
System
Office
................................
89
64,511
University
of
Illinois
at
Urbana
..............................
30
185,539
University
of
Cincinnati,
Main
Campus
(
OH)
..............................
90
64,317
University
of
California,
Berkeley
.........................
31
183,503
Arizona
State
University,
Main
Campus
.....................................
91
62,487
University
of
Arizona
.............................................
32
176,863
Utah
State
University
..................................................................
92
61,984
University
of
Texas
at
Austin
................................
33
173,225
University
of
Texas,
Health
Science
Center,
San
Antonio
.........
93
60,550
Washington
University
(
MO)
.................................
34
173,216
University
of
Medicine
and
Dentistry
of
New
Jersey
..................
94
59,543
Cornell
University,
Endowed
Colleges
(
NY)
.........
35
147,520
Florida
State
University
...............................................................
95
59,278
University
of
Alabama
at
Birmingham
..................
36
147,204
Virginia
Commonwealth
University
.............................................
96
59,196
Ohio
State
University,
Main
Campus
...................
37
140,525
Rush
University
(
IL)
....................................................................
97
58,066
University
of
Iowa
.................................................
38
138,791
University
of
Massachusetts,
Amherst
.......................................
98
57,999
Carnegie
Mellon
University
(
PA)
..........................
39
134,210
Gallaudet
University
(
DC)
...........................................................
99
57,283
Georgia
Institute
of
Technology,
Main
Campus
...
40
131,260
Thomas
Jefferson
University
(
PA)
..............................................
100
56,475
University
of
Colorado
at
Boulder
........................
41
129,225
The
University
of
Texas
Medical
Branch,
Galveston
.................
101
55,805
University
of
New
Mexico,
Main
Campus
............
42
126,582
Tufts
University
(
MA)
..................................................................
102
55,611
Naval
Postgraduate
School
(
CA)
.........................
43
126,176
University
of
Nebraska
at
Lincoln
...............................................
103
55,571
Case
Western
Reserve
University
(
OH)
..............
44
123,802
West
Virginia
University
..............................................................
104
53,928
Iowa
State
University
............................................
45
120,969
Indiana
University,
Bloomington
.................................................
105
53,619
Texas
A
&
M
University
........................................
46
118,974
Brown
University
(
RI)
..................................................................
106
53,051
University
of
California,
Davis
..............................
47
118,234
Mississippi
State
University
........................................................
107
53,017
Northwestern
University
(
IL)
.................................
48
116,653
Clark
Atlanta
University
(
GA)
......................................................
108
52,762
University
of
Rochester
(
NY)
................................
49
114,837
Oregon
Health
Science
University
..............................................
109
48,150
University
of
Florida
..............................................
50
114,069
University
of
Missouri,
Columbia
................................................
110
48,141
New
York
University
.............................................
51
113,818
Auburn
University,
Main
Campus
(
AL)
.......................................
111
48,047
Emory
University
(
GA)
..........................................
52
113,493
Dartmouth
College
(
NH)
.............................................................
112
47,817
University
of
Maryland,
College
Park
Campus
....
53
113,009
Central
Michigan
University
........................................................
113
47,661
Vanderbilt
University
(
TN)
....................................
54
112,906
Rochester
Institute
of
Technology
(
NY)
.....................................
114
47,429
Boston
University
(
MA)
.........................................
55
108,349
University
of
South
Carolina
at
Columbia
..................................
115
46,963
Baylor
College
of
Medicine
(
TX)
..........................
56
108,230
Air
Force
Institute
of
Technology
(
OH)
.......................................
116
45,975
University
of
Oklahoma,
Health
Sciences
Center
57
106,500
United
States
Army
Command
and
General
Staff
College
(
KS)
117
44,911
University
of
Illinois
at
Chicago
............................
58
104,366
Medical
University
of
South
Carolina
.........................................
118
43,870
Michigan
State
University
.....................................
59
104,093
University
of
Oregon
...................................................................
119
43,455
University
of
Utah
.................................................
60
103,199
University
of
Connecticut
............................................................
120
42,321
1
Includes
federal
appropriations,
unrestricted
and
restricted
federal
contracts
and
grants,
and
revenue
for
independent
operations.
Independent
operations
generally
include
only
the
revenues
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers.
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
Federally
supported
student
aid
that
is
received
through
students
is
excluded.
 
Data
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance,
1995
 
96''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
359
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
335.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
expenditures
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
and
control
of
institution:
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96
Control
of
institution
and
year
All
institutions
4­
year
institutions
2­
year
institutions
Current­
fund
expenditures,
in
millions
Current­
fund
expenditures
per
student,
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
Current­
fund
expenditures,
in
millions
Current­
fund
expenditures
per
student,
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
Current­
fund
expenditures,
in
millions
Current­
fund
expenditures
per
student,
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
Unadjusted
dollars
Constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
Unadjusted
dollars
Constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
Unadjusted
dollars
Constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All
institutions
1970
 
71
...........................
$
23,375
$
96,221
$
14,281
$
21,049
$
86,644
$
16,839
$
2,327
$
9,577
$
6,014
1975
 
76
...........................
38,903
116,642
13,755
33,811
101,375
17,181
5,092
15,267
5,919
1977
 
78
...........................
45,971
121,259
14,409
39,899
105,242
17,732
6,072
16,017
6,458
1978
 
79
...........................
50,721
124,680
14,934
44,163
108,560
18,300
6,558
16,120
6,672
1979
 
80
...........................
56,914
127,266
14,995
49,661
111,048
18,458
7,253
16,218
6,563
1980
 
81
...........................
64,053
129,375
14,670
55,840
112,787
18,306
8,212
16,588
6,241
1981
 
82
...........................
70,339
129,817
14,401
61,333
113,196
18,112
9,006
16,621
6,012
1982
 
83
...........................
75,936
131,597
14,474
66,238
114,791
18,370
9,697
16,806
5,912
1983
 
84
...........................
81,993
135,586
14,792
71,680
118,532
18,740
10,314
17,055
6,003
1984
 
85
...........................
89,951
140,691
15,717
78,744
123,162
19,572
11,207
17,529
6,592
1985
 
86
...........................
97,536
145,339
16,251
85,560
127,494
20,255
11,976
17,845
6,736
1986
 
87
...........................
105,764
151,603
16,726
92,985
133,286
20,956
12,779
18,318
6,775
1987
 
88
...........................
113,786
156,377
16,943
100,143
137,627
21,217
13,644
18,751
6,835
1988
 
89
...........................
123,867
161,643
17,079
109,141
142,426
21,372
14,726
19,217
6,863
1989
 
90
...........................
134,656
165,737
16,945
118,578
145,949
21,420
16,077
19,788
6,669
1990
 
91
...........................
146,088
170,830
17,111
128,594
150,374
21,581
17,494
20,457
6,784
1991
 
92
...........................
156,189
176,566
17,042
137,375
155,297
21,930
18,814
21,269
6,486
1992
 
93
...........................
165,241
181,242
17,366
145,300
159,370
22,354
19,941
21,872
6,613
1993
 
94
...........................
173,351
183,966
17,772
152,164
161,482
22,677
21,187
22,484
6,960
1994
 
95
...........................
182,969
188,404
18,207
160,891
165,671
23,212
22,078
22,734
7,081
1995
 
96
2
........................
189,986
189,986
18,383
167,044
167,044
23,288
22,942
22,942
7,255
Public
institutions
1970
 
71
...........................
14,996
61,730
12,463
12,899
53,097
15,308
2,097
8,633
5,815
1975
 
76
...........................
26,184
78,507
12,037
21,392
64,139
15,811
4,792
14,368
5,827
1977
 
78
...........................
30,725
81,045
12,670
25,013
65,978
16,335
5,712
15,067
6,391
1978
 
79
...........................
33,733
82,921
13,206
27,600
67,846
16,978
6,132
15,075
6,603
1979
 
80
...........................
37,768
84,454
13,211
30,979
69,273
17,065
6,789
15,181
6,506
1980
 
81
...........................
42,280
85,397
12,857
34,677
70,042
16,844
7,602
15,355
6,182
1981
 
82
...........................
46,219
85,301
12,579
37,890
69,928
16,616
8,330
15,373
5,975
1982
 
83
...........................
49,573
85,910
12,541
40,616
70,387
16,677
8,957
15,523
5,902
1983
 
84
...........................
53,087
87,785
12,757
43,588
72,078
16,897
9,499
15,707
6,005
1984
 
85
...........................
58,315
91,209
13,644
48,017
75,102
17,722
10,298
16,106
6,583
1985
 
86
...........................
63,194
94,166
14,123
52,184
77,760
18,341
11,010
16,406
6,756
1986
 
87
...........................
67,654
96,976
14,307
56,003
80,275
18,688
11,651
16,701
6,727
1987
 
88
...........................
72,641
99,831
14,390
60,137
82,646
18,801
12,505
17,185
6,761
1988
 
89
...........................
78,946
103,022
14,516
65,349
85,278
18,926
13,597
17,743
6,848
1989
 
90
...........................
85,771
105,568
14,321
70,865
87,222
18,880
14,906
18,346
6,667
1990
 
91
...........................
92,961
108,706
14,383
76,722
89,716
18,927
16,239
18,990
6,739
1991
 
92
...........................
98,847
111,743
14,212
81,334
91,945
19,172
17,513
19,798
6,455
1992
 
93
...........................
104,570
114,696
14,497
86,065
94,399
19,675
18,505
20,297
6,518
1993
 
94
...........................
109,310
116,003
14,849
89,697
95,190
19,973
19,612
20,813
6,832
1994
 
95
...........................
115,465
118,895
15,274
94,895
97,714
20,573
20,570
21,181
6,979
1995
 
96
2
........................
119,401
119,401
15,403
97,901
97,901
20,579
21,500
21,500
7,180
Private
institutions
1970
 
71
...........................
8,379
34,492
19,327
8,150
33,547
20,006
230
945
8,763
1975
 
76
...........................
12,719
38,136
19,483
12,419
37,237
20,194
300
899
7,923
1977
 
78
...........................
15,246
40,214
19,919
14,885
39,264
20,709
360
950
7,733
1978
 
79
...........................
16,988
41,759
20,181
16,563
40,714
21,027
425
1,046
7,861
1979
 
80
...........................
19,146
42,812
20,438
18,682
41,775
21,349
464
1,037
7,519
1980
 
81
...........................
21,773
43,978
20,204
21,163
42,745
21,340
610
1,232
7,098
1981
 
82
...........................
24,120
44,516
19,934
23,444
43,268
21,196
676
1,248
6,505
1982
 
83
...........................
26,363
45,687
20,386
25,623
44,404
21,893
740
1,283
6,028
1983
 
84
...........................
28,907
47,801
20,920
28,092
46,453
22,557
815
1,348
5,976
1984
 
85
...........................
31,637
49,482
21,827
30,727
48,059
23,389
910
1,423
6,705
1985
 
86
...........................
34,342
51,173
22,487
33,376
49,734
24,205
966
1,439
6,515
1986
 
87
...........................
38,110
54,627
23,895
36,982
53,011
25,673
1,128
1,617
7,305
1987
 
88
...........................
41,145
56,546
24,671
40,006
54,980
26,297
1,139
1,566
7,779
1988
 
89
...........................
44,922
58,621
24,762
43,792
57,147
26,477
1,130
1,474
7,053
1989
 
90
...........................
48,885
60,169
24,974
47,713
58,727
26,770
1,172
1,442
6,691
1990
 
91
...........................
53,127
62,125
25,614
51,872
60,658
27,226
1,255
1,467
7,428
1991
 
92
...........................
57,342
64,823
25,952
56,041
63,352
27,716
1,301
1,471
6,937
1992
 
93
...........................
60,671
66,546
26,354
59,235
64,971
27,867
1,436
1,575
8,135
1993
 
94
...........................
64,041
67,963
26,767
62,466
66,292
28,150
1,575
1,671
9,077
1994
 
95
...........................
67,504
69,509
27,113
65,996
67,957
28,460
1,508
1,552
8,828
1995
 
96
2
........................
70,585
70,585
27,325
69,143
69,143
28,623
1,442
1,442
8,609
1
Dollars
adjusted
by
the
Higher
Education
Price
Index.

2
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
and
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Colleges
and
Universities''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
and
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
360
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
336.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
purpose
and
per
student:
1929
 
30
to
1995
 
96
[
Columns
2
through
17
in
thousands]

Year
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Administration
and
general
expense
Instruction
and
departmental
research
Organized
research
Libraries
Plant
operation
and
maintenance
Organized
activities
related
to
instructional
departments
1
Other
sponsored
programs
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1929
 
30
...........................
$
507,142
$
377,903
$
42,633
$
221,598
6
$
18,007
$
9,622
$
61,061
(
7)
 
1931
 
32
...........................
536,523
420,633
47,232
232,645
6
21,978
11,379
56,797
8
$
21,297
 
1933
 
34
...........................
469,329
369,661
43,155
203,332
6
17,064
13,387
51,046
8
14,155
 
1935
 
36
...........................
541,391
419,883
48,069
225,143
6
22,091
15,531
56,802
8
20,241
 
1937
 
38
...........................
614,385
475,191
56,406
253,006
6
25,213
17,588
62,738
8
24,031
 
1939
 
40
...........................
674,688
521,990
62,827
280,248
6
27,266
19,487
69,612
8
27,225
 
1941
 
42
...........................
738,169
572,465
66,968
298,558
6
34,287
19,763
72,594
8
37,771
 
1943
 
44
...........................
974,118
753,846
69,668
334,189
6
58,456
20,452
81,201
8
48,415
9
$
97,044
1945
 
46
...........................
1,088,422
820,326
104,808
375,122
6
86,812
26,560
110,947
8
60,604
 
1947
 
48
...........................
1,883,269
1,391,594
171,829
657,945
6
159,090
44,208
201,996
8
85,346
 
1949
 
50
...........................
2,245,661
1,706,444
213,070
780,994
6
225,341
56,147
225,110
8
119,108
 
1951
 
52
...........................
2,471,008
1,960,481
233,844
823,117
6
317,928
60,612
240,446
8
147,854
 
1953
 
54
...........................
2,882,864
2,345,331
288,147
960,556
6
372,643
72,944
277,874
8
186,905
 
1955
 
56
...........................
3,499,463
2,861,858
355,207
1,140,655
6
500,793
85,563
324,229
8
222,007
 
1957
 
58
...........................
4,509,666
3,734,350
473,945
1,465,603
6
727,776
109,715
406,226
8
238,455
 
1959
 
60
...........................
5,601,376
4,685,258
583,224
1,793,320
6
1,022,353
135,384
469,943
8
294,255
 
1961
 
62
...........................
7,154,526
5,997,007
730,429
2,202,443
6
1,474,406
177,362
564,225
8
375,040
 
1963
 
64
...........................
9,177,677
7,725,433
957,512
2,801,707
6
1,973,383
236,718
686,054
8
458,507
 
1965
 
66
...........................
12,509,489
10,376,630
1,251,107
3,756,175
6
2,448,300
346,248
844,506
8
558,170
155,202
1966
 
67
...........................
14,230,341
10,724,974
1,445,074
4,356,413
1,565,102
415,903
969,275
591,848
350,950
1967
 
68
...........................
16,480,786
12,847,350
1,738,946
5,139,179
1,933,473
493,266
1,127,290
350,711
514,294
1968
 
69
...........................
18,481,583
14,718,140
2,277,585
5,941,972
2,034,074
571,572
1,337,903
535,269
668,483
1969
 
70
...........................
21,043,113
16,845,212
2,627,993
6,883,844
2,144,076
652,596
1,541,698
648,089
769,253
1970
 
71
...........................
23,375,197
18,714,642
2,983,911
7,804,410
2,209,338
716,212
1,730,664
693,011
890,507
1971
 
72
...........................
25,559,560
20,441,878
3,344,215
8,443,261
2,265,282
764,481
1,927,553
779,728
1,059,989
1972
 
73
...........................
27,955,624
22,400,379
3,713,068
9,243,641
2,394,261
840,727
2,141,162
791,290
1,284,085
1973
 
74
...........................
30,713,581
24,653,849
4,200,955
10,219,118
2,480,450
939,023
2,494,057
838,170
1,355,027
1974
 
75
...........................
35,057,563
27,547,620
4,495,391
11,797,823
3,132,132
1,001,868
2,786,768
1,253,824
 
1975
 
76
...........................
38,903,177
30,598,685
5,240,066
13,094,943
3,287,364
1,223,723
3,082,959
1,248,670
 
1976
 
77
...........................
42,599,816
33,151,681
5,590,669
14,031,145
3,600,067
1,250,314
3,436,705
1,544,646
 
1977
 
78
...........................
45,970,790
36,256,604
6,177,029
15,336,229
3,919,830
1,348,747
3,795,043
1,781,160
 
1978
 
79
...........................
50,720,984
39,833,116
6,832,004
16,662,820
4,447,760
1,426,614
4,178,574
2,044,386
 
1979
 
80
...........................
56,913,588
44,542,843
7,621,143
18,496,717
5,099,151
1,623,811
4,700,070
2,252,577
 
1980
 
81
...........................
64,052,938
50,073,805
8,681,513
20,733,166
5,657,719
1,759,784
5,350,310
2,513,502
 
1981
 
82
...........................
70,339,448
54,848,752
9,648,069
22,962,527
5,929,894
1,922,416
5,979,281
2,734,038
 
1982
 
83
...........................
75,935,749
58,929,218
10,412,233
24,673,293
6,265,280
2,039,671
6,391,596
3,047,220
 
1983
 
84
...........................
81,993,360
63,741,276
11,561,260
26,436,308
6,723,534
2,231,149
6,729,825
3,300,003
 
1984
 
85
...........................
89,951,263
70,061,324
12,765,452
28,777,183
7,551,892
2,361,793
7,345,482
3,712,460
 
1985
 
86
...........................
97,535,742
76,127,965
13,913,724
31,032,099
8,437,367
2,551,331
7,605,226
4,116,061
 
1986
 
87
...........................
105,763,557
82,955,555
15,060,576
33,711,146
9,352,309
2,441,184
7,819,032
5,134,267
 
1987
 
88
...........................
113,786,476
89,157,430
16,171,015
35,833,563
10,350,931
2,836,498
8,230,986
5,305,083
 
1988
 
89
...........................
123,867,184
96,803,377
17,309,956
38,812,690
11,432,170
3,009,870
8,739,895
5,894,409
 
1989
 
90
...........................
134,655,571
105,585,076
19,062,179
42,145,987
12,505,961
3,254,239
9,458,262
6,183,405
 
1990
 
91
...........................
146,087,836
114,139,901
20,751,966
45,496,117
13,444,040
3,343,892
10,062,581
6,706,881
 
1991
 
92
...........................
156,189,161
121,567,157
21,984,118
47,997,196
14,261,554
3,595,834
10,346,580
6,981,184
 
1992
 
93
...........................
165,241,040
128,977,968
23,414,977
50,340,914
15,291,309
3,684,852
10,783,727
7,388,118
 
1993
 
94
...........................
173,350,617
136,024,350
24,489,022
52,775,599
16,117,610
3,908,412
11,368,496
7,769,499
 
1994
 
95
...........................
182,968,610
144,158,002
25,904,821
55,719,707
17,109,541
4,165,761
11,745,905
8,112,930
 
1995
 
96
11
.......................
189,986,238
150,927,324
27,683,381
57,572,851
17,519,665
4,299,177
12,257,540
9,010,262
 
Degree­
granting
institutions
12
1995
 
96
11
.......................
190,476,163
151,445,605
27,886,345
57,810,033
17,517,887
4,293,363
12,330,885
9,003,700
 
361
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
336.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
purpose
and
per
student:
1929
 
30
to
1995
 
96
 
Continued
[
Columns
2
through
17
in
thousands]

Year
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Auxiliary
enterprises
Independent
operations
3
Hospitals
Other
current
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
per
student
in
fall
enrollment
4
Extension
and
public
service
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Other
general
expenditures
Current
dollars
Constant
1995
 
96
dollars
5
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1929
 
30
...........................
$
24,982
(
7)
 
$
3,127
(
6)
(
8)
$
126,112
$
343
$
3,099
1931
 
32
...........................
24,066
(
7)
$
5,239
90,897
(
6)
(
8)
24,993
364
3,906
1933
 
34
...........................
20,020
(
7)
7,502
78,730
(
6)
(
8)
20,938
350
4,087
1935
 
36
...........................
29,426
(
7)
2,580
95,332
(
6)
(
8)
26,176
348
3,907
1937
 
38
...........................
34,189
(
7)
2,020
115,620
(
6)
(
8)
23,574
352
3,794
1939
 
40
...........................
35,325
(
7)
 
124,184
(
6)
(
8)
28,514
349
3,862
1941
 
42
...........................
42,525
(
7)
 
137,328
(
6)
(
8)
28,375
408
4,040
1943
 
44
...........................
44,421
(
7)
 
199,344
(
6)
(
8)
20,928
653
5,786
1945
 
46
...........................
55,473
(
7)
 
242,028
(
6)
(
8)
26,068
489
4,143
1947
 
48
...........................
71,180
(
7)
 
438,988
(
6)
(
8)
52,687
595
3,946
1949
 
50
...........................
86,674
(
7)
 
476,401
(
6)
(
8)
62,816
698
4,553
1951
 
52
...........................
97,408
$
39,272
 
477,672
(
6)
(
8)
32,855
933
5,483
1953
 
54
...........................
112,227
74,035
 
537,533
(
6)
(
8)
 
1,051
6,039
1955
 
56
...........................
137,914
95,490
 
637,605
(
6)
(
8)
 
1,079
6,199
1957
 
58
...........................
175,256
129,935
7,439
775,316
(
6)
(
8)
 
1,124
6,078
1959
 
60
...........................
205,595
172,050
9,134
916,117
(
6)
(
8)
 
1,287
6,768
1961
 
62
...........................
244,337
228,765
 
1,157,517
(
6)
(
8)
 
1,447
7,437
1963
 
64
...........................
297,350
300,370
13,832
1,452,244
(
6)
(
8)
 
1,616
8,097
1965
 
66
...........................
438,385
425,524
153,013
1,887,744
(
6)
(
8)
10
245,115
1,753
8,486
1966
 
67
...........................
226,566
583,390
220,453
2,060,130
$
951,668
$
253,790
10
239,780
1,678
7,878
1967
 
68
...........................
597,544
712,425
240,222
2,302,419
765,495
290,000
10
275,523
1,859
8,444
1968
 
69
...........................
536,527
814,755
 
2,539,183
697,317
526,943
 
1,959
8,486
1969
 
70
...........................
593,067
984,594
 
2,769,276
757,388
671,236
 
2,104
8,607
1970
 
71
...........................
588,390
1,098,198
 
2,988,407
829,596
842,552
 
2,181
8,482
1971
 
72
...........................
615,997
1,241,372
 
3,178,272
940,825
998,585
 
2,284
8,577
1972
 
73
...........................
669,735
1,322,411
 
3,337,789
1,033,746
1,183,709
 
2,431
8,773
1973
 
74
...........................
730,560
1,396,488
 
3,613,256
1,014,872
1,431,604
 
2,568
8,508
1974
 
75
...........................
1,097,788
1,449,542
532,485
4,073,590
1,085,590
2,350,763
 
2,694
8,038
1975
 
76
...........................
1,238,603
1,635,859
546,498
4,476,841
1,132,016
2,695,635
 
2,736
7,621
1976
 
77
...........................
1,343,404
1,770,214
584,515
4,858,328
1,434,738
3,155,069
 
3,010
7,925
1977
 
78
...........................
1,425,294
1,839,298
633,973
5,261,477
855,054
3,597,655
 
3,213
7,925
1978
 
79
...........................
1,593,097
1,944,599
703,262
5,749,974
1,007,119
4,130,775
 
3,538
7,979
1979
 
80
...........................
1,816,521
2,200,468
732,385
6,485,608
1,127,728
4,757,409
 
3,850
7,662
1980
 
81
...........................
2,057,770
2,504,525
815,516
7,288,089
1,257,934
5,433,111
 
4,139
7,383
1981
 
82
...........................
2,203,726
2,684,945
783,854
7,997,632
1,258,777
6,234,287
 
4,433
7,278
1982
 
83
...........................
2,320,478
2,922,897
856,548
8,614,316
1,406,126
6,986,089
 
4,742
7,465
1983
 
84
...........................
2,499,203
3,301,673
958,321
9,250,196
1,622,233
7,379,654
 
5,114
7,762
1984
 
85
...........................
2,861,095
3,670,355
1,015,613
10,012,248
1,867,550
8,010,141
 
5,723
8,360
1985
 
86
...........................
3,119,533
4,160,174
1,192,449
10,528,303
2,187,361
8,692,113
 
6,216
8,826
1986
 
87
...........................
3,448,453
4,776,100
1,212,488
11,037,333
2,597,655
9,173,014
 
6,635
9,215
1987
 
88
...........................
3,786,362
5,325,358
1,317,633
11,399,953
2,822,632
10,406,461
 
6,984
9,314
1988
 
89
...........................
4,227,323
5,918,666
1,458,397
12,280,063
2,958,962
11,824,782
 
7,415
9,453
1989
 
90
...........................
4,689,758
6,655,544
1,629,742
13,203,984
3,187,224
12,679,286
 
7,799
9,489
1990
 
91
...........................
5,076,177
7,551,184
1,707,063
14,272,247
3,349,824
14,325,865
 
8,260
9,529
1991
 
92
...........................
5,489,298
9,060,000
1,851,393
14,966,100
3,551,592
16,104,313
 
8,466
9,464
1992
 
93
...........................
5,935,095
10,148,373
1,990,603
15,561,508
3,651,891
17,049,672
 
8,903
9,651
1993
 
94
...........................
6,242,414
11,238,010
2,115,288
16,429,341
3,387,323
17,509,603
 
9,509
10,048
1994
 
95
...........................
6,691,485
12,285,328
2,422,524
17,204,917
3,534,332
18,071,359
 
10,096
10,371
1995
 
96
11
.......................
7,045,145
13,138,965
2,400,338
17,569,276
3,492,548
17,997,090
 
10,583
10,583
Degree­
granting
institutions
12
1995
 
96
11
.......................
7,007,413
13,195,102
2,400,876
17,599,061
3,490,511
17,940,986
 
 
 
1
Academic
support
excluding
expenditures
for
libraries.
2
Includes
all
separately
budgeted
programs,
other
than
research,
which
are
supported
by
sponsors
outside
the
institution.
Examples
are
training
programs,
workshops,
and
training
and
instructional
institutes.
For
years
not
shown,
most
expenditures
for
these
programs
are
included
under
``
Extension
and
public
service.''
3
Generally
includes
only
those
expenditures
associated
with
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDCs).
4
Data
for
1929
 
30
to
1945
 
46
are
based
on
school
year
enrollment.
5
Data
adjusted
by
the
Consumer
Price
Index
computed
on
a
school
year
basis.
6
Expenditures
for
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
are
included
under
``
Organized
research.''
7
Included
under
``
Other
current
expenditures.''
8
Expenditures
for
hospitals
included
under
``
Organized
activities
related
to
instructional
departments.''
9
Expenditures
were
for
federal
contract
courses.
10
Includes
current
expenditures
for
physical
plant
assets.
In
later
years,
the
educational
and
general
expenditures
for
physical
plant
assets
are
included
under
``
Other
general
expenditures.''
11
Preliminary
data.

12
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
The
data
in
this
table
reflect
limitations
of
data
availability
and
comparability.
Major
changes
in
data
collection
forms
in
1965
 
66
and
1974
 
75
cause
significant
data
comparability
problems
among
the
three
mostly
consistent
time
periods,
1929
 
30
to
1963
 
64,
1965
 
66
to
1973
 
74,
and
1974
 
75
to
the
present.
The
largest
problems
affect
Hospitals,
Independent
operations,
Organized
research,
Other
sponsored
programs,
Extension
and
public
service,
and
Scholarships
and
fellowships.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Biennial
Survey
of
Education
in
the
United
States;
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
362
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
337.
 
Expenditures
of
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
purpose
and
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1995
 
96
1
Control
and
type
of
institution
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Instruction
Research
Public
service
Academic
support
Total
Libraries
only
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
In
thousands
Total
.........................................................
$
190,476,163
$
151,445,605
$
57,810,033
$
17,517,887
$
7,007,413
$
13,297,063
$
4,293,363
Public
............................................................
119,524,500
96,085,623
38,653,245
12,076,357
5,321,014
9,004,113
2,690,547
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
44,391,472
32,554,192
10,940,654
7,985,405
2,551,389
3,164,464
904,547
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
7,321,555
6,295,468
2,334,613
1,107,188
500,296
653,614
212,284
Doctoral
universities
.................................
12,654,818
11,100,406
4,224,600
1,282,938
647,497
1,146,700
370,321
Master's
....................................................
19,294,804
16,567,809
7,493,334
532,501
584,189
1,579,379
574,428
Baccalaureate
...........................................
2,569,266
2,219,738
893,402
33,202
75,663
223,347
76,867
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
21,546,546
20,202,436
9,737,645
23,168
475,198
1,691,120
448,225
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
11,649,588
7,052,919
2,998,217
1,111,474
485,310
536,963
101,722
Health
and
medicine
..............................
9,791,333
5,387,219
2,453,843
1,015,905
465,127
347,353
70,352
Engineering
...........................................
213,755
194,784
75,269
21,607
4,533
16,144
5,921
Business
................................................
29,076
26,938
12,068
0
1,322
2,970
744
Fine
arts
................................................
120,995
110,530
48024
0
1,112
13,832
3,755
Other
specialized
..................................
1,494,427
1,333,449
409,013
73,962
13,216
156,663
20,950
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
96,452
92,655
30,780
481
1,472
8,524
2,154
4­
year
....................................................
23,036
22,705
6,270
69
329
2,129
652
2­
year
....................................................
73,416
69,951
24,510
412
1,143
6,395
1,501
Private
..........................................................
70,951,662
55,359,982
19,156,788
5,441,530
1,686,399
4,292,950
1,602,816
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
27,593,269
18,402,482
6,688,949
3,974,170
537,817
1,458,295
552,107
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
4,021,082
2,795,688
1,074,243
324,401
22,069
236,600
93,065
Doctoral
universities
.................................
6,433,667
5,669,088
2,095,623
354,658
264,491
500,356
185,027
Master's
....................................................
10,174,350
9,023,040
3,161,786
161,815
122,211
699,872
259,468
Baccalaureate
...........................................
13,203,120
11,408,175
3,518,386
101,988
77,543
799,360
339,054
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
1,883,084
1,761,461
544,889
1,315
3,748
117,272
22,527
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
7,611,939
6,269,565
2,064,888
523,176
653,280
478,615
151,142
Religion
and
theology
...........................
987,438
869,961
256,000
4,687
11,446
88,651
48,877
Health
and
medicine
.............................
3,965,671
2,942,170
989,420
482,838
614,131
167,825
36,170
Engineering
...........................................
378,215
352,606
115,548
29,216
1,283
23,905
5,257
Business
................................................
969,156
875,588
256,884
106
4,413
91,476
16,656
Fine
arts
................................................
809,089
744,844
257,914
203
10,426
52,091
12,608
Other
specialized
..................................
502,370
484,396
189,122
6,127
11,580
54,667
31,573
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
31,152
30,483
8,025
6
5,239
2,581
427
4­
year
....................................................
12,079
11,814
3,229
6
4,030
695
174
2­
year
....................................................
19,074
18,669
4,796
0
1,209
1,886
253
Percentage
distribution
of
current­
fund
expenditures
Total
.........................................................
100.00
79.51
30.35
9.20
3.68
6.98
2.25
Public
.............................................................
100.00
80.39
32.34
10.10
4.45
7.53
2.25
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
100.00
73.33
24.65
17.99
5.75
7.13
2.04
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
100.00
85.99
31.89
15.12
6.83
8.93
2.90
Doctoral
universities
.................................
100.00
87.72
33.38
10.14
5.12
9.06
2.93
Master's
.....................................................
100.00
85.87
38.84
2.76
3.03
8.19
2.98
Baccalaureate
...........................................
100.00
86.40
34.77
1.29
2.94
8.69
2.99
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
100.00
93.76
45.19
0.11
2.21
7.85
2.08
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
100.00
60.54
25.74
9.54
4.17
4.61
0.87
Health
and
medicine
..............................
100.00
55.02
25.06
10.38
4.75
3.55
0.72
Engineering
...........................................
100.00
91.12
35.21
10.11
2.12
7.55
2.77
Business
................................................
100.00
92.64
41.50
0.00
4.55
10.22
2.56
Fine
arts
................................................
100.00
91.35
39.69
0.00
0.92
11.43
3.10
Other
specialized
..................................
100.00
89.23
27.37
4.95
0.88
10.48
1.40
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
100.00
96.06
31.91
0.50
1.53
8.84
2.23
4­
year
....................................................
100.00
98.56
27.22
0.30
1.43
9.24
2.83
2­
year
....................................................
100.00
95.28
33.38
0.56
1.56
8.71
2.04
Private
..........................................................
100.00
78.02
27.00
7.67
2.38
6.05
2.26
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
100.00
66.69
24.24
14.40
1.95
5.28
2.00
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
100.00
69.53
26.72
8.07
0.55
5.88
2.31
Doctoral
universities
.................................
100.00
88.12
32.57
5.51
4.11
7.78
2.88
Master's
.....................................................
100.00
88.68
31.08
1.59
1.20
6.88
2.55
Baccalaureate
...........................................
100.00
86.41
26.65
0.77
0.59
6.05
2.57
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
100.00
93.54
28.94
0.07
0.20
6.23
1.20
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
100.00
82.36
27.13
6.87
8.58
6.29
1.99
Religion
and
theology
...........................
100.00
88.10
25.93
0.47
1.16
8.98
4.95
Health
and
medicine
.............................
100.00
74.19
24.95
12.18
15.49
4.23
0.91
Engineering
...........................................
100.00
93.23
30.55
7.72
0.34
6.32
1.39
Business
................................................
100.00
90.35
26.51
0.01
0.46
9.44
1.72
Fine
arts
................................................
100.00
92.06
31.88
0.03
1.29
6.44
1.56
Other
specialized
..................................
100.00
96.42
37.65
1.22
2.30
10.88
6.28
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
100.00
97.85
25.76
0.02
16.82
8.28
1.37
4­
year
....................................................
100.00
97.81
26.73
0.05
33.36
5.75
1.44
2­
year
....................................................
100.00
97.88
25.14
0.00
6.34
9.89
1.32
363
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
337.
 
Expenditures
of
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
purpose
and
by
control
and
type
of
institution:
1995
 
96
1
 
Continued
Control
and
type
of
institution
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Auxiliary
enterprises
Hospitals
Independent
operations
2
Student
services
Institutional
support
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Mandatory
transfers
1
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
In
thousands
Total
.........................................................
$
9,630,576
$
18,255,769
$
12,330,885
$
13,195,102
$
2,400,876
$
17,599,061
$
17,940,986
$
3,490,511
Public
...........................................................
5,810,403
10,710,279
8,005,101
5,084,653
1,420,459
11,309,031
11,878,939
250,906
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
1,096,586
2,198,520
2,146,919
1,858,537
611,717
4,271,937
7,472,224
93,118
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
293,437
514,892
453,506
355,504
82,417
1,024,624
0
1,463
Doctoral
universities
.................................
612,280
1,522,084
823,667
659,211
181,428
1,529,439
20,596
4,377
Master's
....................................................
1,222,814
2,156,871
1,604,038
1,113,893
280,791
2,504,384
208,917
13,693
Baccalaureate
...........................................
209,354
330,278
235,586
175,432
43,473
308,605
0
40,922
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
2,167,115
3,110,851
2,071,045
773,332
152,962
1,330,303
0
13,807
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
196,586
857,882
659,023
141,058
66,407
336,997
4,177,202
82,471
Health
and
medicine
.............................
49,555
580,654
352,687
66,446
55,648
217,319
4,107,770
79,026
Engineering
...........................................
11,571
26,182
19,936
11,782
7,760
15,532
0
3,440
Business
...............................................
1,816
4,156
2,493
2,113
0
2,139
0
0
Fine
arts
................................................
8,705
19,996
12,675
6,137
49
10,466
0
0
Other
specialized
..................................
124,939
226,893
271,232
54,581
2,950
91,542
69,432
5
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
12,230
18,901
11,317
7,686
1,265
2,742
0
1,055
4­
year
....................................................
5,375
4,852
2,846
834
0
331
0
0
2­
year
....................................................
6,855
14,049
8,471
6,852
1,265
2,411
0
1,055
Private
..........................................................
3,820,174
7,545,490
4,325,784
8,110,450
980,417
6,290,030
6,062,047
3,239,604
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
591,377
1,732,531
1,258,193
1,845,798
315,352
1,750,388
4,565,567
2,874,832
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
124,817
322,619
205,766
441,343
43,830
513,310
697,841
14,242
Doctoral
universities
.................................
346,964
776,419
428,873
781,422
120,281
612,033
101,280
51,266
Master's
....................................................
887,939
1,391,852
679,744
1,718,153
199,668
1,122,730
9,311
19,269
Baccalaureate
...........................................
1,212,265
1,907,387
991,314
2,598,646
201,286
1,748,771
0
46,174
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
269,259
387,789
218,743
213,558
4,889
120,791
0
832
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
383,426
1,021,622
541,084
508,792
94,682
421,337
688,047
232,991
Religion
and
theology
...........................
65,162
220,057
106,645
110,020
7,293
111,346
424
5,706
Health
and
medicine
.............................
84,605
298,123
195,532
71,184
38,512
113,931
686,826
222,745
Engineering
...........................................
33,502
67,490
29,185
42,065
10,412
25,609
0
0
Business
...............................................
105,547
189,554
72,504
136,079
19,027
93,568
0
0
Fine
arts
................................................
59,516
149,877
90,413
111,100
13,304
60,038
0
4,206
Other
specialized
..................................
35,095
96,521
46,806
38,344
6,134
16,844
797
333
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
4,128
5,271
2,066
2,737
429
670
0
0
4­
year
....................................................
615
1,469
385
1,385
0
265
0
0
2­
year
....................................................
3,512
3,803
1,681
1,352
429
405
0
0
Percentage
distribution
of
current­
fund
expenditures
Total
.........................................................
5.06
9.58
6.47
6.93
1.26
9.24
9.42
1.83
Public
...........................................................
4.86
8.96
6.70
4.25
1.19
9.46
9.94
0.21
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
2.47
4.95
4.84
4.19
1.38
9.62
16.83
0.21
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
4.01
7.03
6.19
4.86
1.13
13.99
0.00
0.02
Doctoral
universities
.................................
4.84
12.03
6.51
5.21
1.43
12.09
0.16
0.03
Master's
....................................................
6.34
11.18
8.31
5.77
1.46
12.98
1.08
0.07
Baccalaureate
...........................................
8.15
12.85
9.17
6.83
1.69
12.01
0.00
1.59
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
10.06
14.44
9.61
3.59
0.71
6.17
0.00
0.06
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
1.69
7.36
5.66
1.21
0.57
2.89
35.86
0.71
Health
and
medicine
.............................
0.51
5.93
3.60
0.68
0.57
2.22
41.95
0.81
Engineering
...........................................
5.41
12.25
9.33
5.51
3.63
7.27
0.00
1.61
Business
...............................................
6.25
14.29
8.57
7.27
0.00
7.36
0.00
0.00
Fine
arts
................................................
7.19
16.53
10.48
5.07
0.04
8.65
0.00
0.00
Other
specialized
..................................
8.36
15.18
18.15
3.65
0.20
6.13
4.65
0.00
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
12.68
19.60
11.73
7.97
1.31
2.84
0.00
1.09
4­
year
....................................................
23.33
21.06
12.36
3.62
0.00
1.44
0.00
0.00
2­
year
....................................................
9.34
19.14
11.54
9.33
1.72
3.28
0.00
1.44
Private
..........................................................
5.38
10.63
6.10
11.43
1.38
8.87
8.54
4.57
Research
I
universities
3
...........................
2.14
6.28
4.56
6.69
1.14
6.34
16.55
10.42
Research
II
universities
3
..........................
3.10
8.02
5.12
10.98
1.09
12.77
17.35
0.35
Doctoral
universities
.................................
5.39
12.07
6.67
12.15
1.87
9.51
1.57
0.80
Master's
....................................................
8.73
13.68
6.68
16.89
1.96
11.03
0.09
0.19
Baccalaureate
...........................................
9.18
14.45
7.51
19.68
1.52
13.25
0.00
0.35
Associate
of
arts
.......................................
14.30
20.59
11.62
11.34
0.26
6.41
0.00
0.04
Specialized
institutions
4
...........................
5.04
13.42
7.11
6.68
1.24
5.54
9.04
3.06
Religion
and
theology
...........................
6.60
22.29
10.80
11.14
0.74
11.28
0.04
0.58
Health
and
medicine
.............................
2.13
7.52
4.93
1.80
0.97
2.87
17.32
5.62
Engineering
...........................................
8.86
17.84
7.72
11.12
2.75
6.77
0.00
0.00
Business
...............................................
10.89
19.56
7.48
14.04
1.96
9.65
0.00
0.00
Fine
arts
................................................
7.36
18.52
11.17
13.73
1.64
7.42
0.00
0.52
Other
specialized
..................................
6.99
19.21
9.32
7.63
1.22
3.35
0.16
0.07
Tribal
colleges
5
........................................
13.25
16.92
6.63
8.79
1.38
2.15
0.00
0.00
4­
year
....................................................
5.10
12.16
3.19
11.46
0.00
2.19
0.00
0.00
2­
year
....................................................
18.42
19.94
8.81
7.09
2.25
2.12
0.00
0.00
1
Preliminary
data.

2
Generally
includes
only
those
expenditures
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).

3
Research
institutions
are
committed
to
graduate
education
through
the
doctorate,
and
give
high
priority
to
research.
Research
I
institutions
receive
$
40
million
or
more
annually
in
federal
support.
Research
II
institutions
receive
between
$
15.5
million
and
$
40
million
annually.
4
Specialized
institutions
award
baccalaureate
or
higher
level
degrees
in
specific
fields
of
study.

5
Tribally
controlled
colleges
are
located
on
reservations.
They
are
members
of
the
American
Indian
Higher
Education
Consortium.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance,
1995
 
96''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
364
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
338.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
purpose:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Purpose
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
...........
$
64,052,938
$
97,535,742
$
134,655,571
$
146,087,836
$
156,189,161
$
165,241,040
$
173,350,617
$
182,968,610
$
190,476,163
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............
50,073,805
76,127,965
105,585,076
114,139,901
121,567,157
128,977,968
136,024,350
144,158,002
151,445,605
Instruction
...................................................
20,733,166
31,032,099
42,145,987
45,496,117
47,997,196
50,340,914
52,775,599
55,719,707
57,810,033
Research
.....................................................
5,657,719
8,437,367
12,505,961
13,444,040
14,261,554
15,291,309
16,117,610
17,109,541
17,517,887
Public
service
..............................................
2,057,770
3,119,533
4,689,758
5,076,177
5,489,298
5,935,095
6,242,414
6,691,485
7,007,413
Academic
support
.......................................
4,273,286
6,667,392
9,437,644
10,050,773
10,577,018
11,072,970
11,677,911
12,278,691
13,297,063
Libraries
...................................................
1,759,784
2,551,331
3,254,239
3,343,892
3,595,834
3,684,852
3,908,412
4,165,761
4,293,363
Student
services
.........................................
2,908,998
4,562,938
6,388,148
7,025,482
7,509,094
8,165,079
8,562,783
9,059,994
9,630,576
Institutional
support
.....................................
5,772,515
9,350,786
12,674,031
13,726,484
14,475,023
15,249,898
15,926,239
16,844,827
18,255,769
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
..........
5,350,310
7,605,226
9,458,262
10,062,581
10,346,580
10,783,727
11,368,496
11,745,905
12,330,885
Scholarships
and
fellowships
.....................
2,504,525
4,160,174
6,655,544
7,551,184
9,060,000
10,148,373
11,238,010
12,285,328
13,195,102
From
unrestricted
funds
..........................
1,080,614
2,285,116
3,853,904
4,445,106
5,205,797
5,949,037
6,644,717
7,329,384
8,213,049
From
restricted
funds
2
............................
1,423,911
1,875,059
2,801,640
3,106,078
3,854,203
4,199,337
4,593,293
4,955,944
4,982,054
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
815,516
1,192,449
1,629,742
1,707,063
1,851,393
1,990,603
2,115,288
2,422,524
2,400,876
Auxiliary
enterprises
........................................
7,288,089
10,528,303
13,203,984
14,272,247
14,966,100
15,561,508
16,429,341
17,204,917
17,599,061
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
508,377
617,171
836,852
936,876
1,003,299
1,109,549
1,158,848
1,228,278
1,145,366
Hospitals
..........................................................
5,433,111
8,692,113
12,679,286
14,325,865
16,104,313
17,049,672
17,509,603
18,071,359
17,940,986
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
57,963
128,833
222,192
274,452
333,714
308,059
344,665
346,072
268,439
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.................
1,257,934
2,187,361
3,187,224
3,349,824
3,551,592
3,651,891
3,387,323
3,534,332
3,490,511
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
643
3,432
5,812
5,645
3,396
2,271
2,354
2,373
2,123
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
..........
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............
78.2
78.1
78.4
78.1
77.8
78.1
78.5
78.8
79.5
Instruction
...................................................
32.4
31.8
31.3
31.1
30.7
30.5
30.4
30.5
30.4
Research
.....................................................
8.8
8.7
9.3
9.2
9.1
9.3
9.3
9.4
9.2
Public
service
..............................................
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
Academic
support
.......................................
6.7
6.8
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
7.0
Libraries
...................................................
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
Student
services
.........................................
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
Institutional
support
.....................................
9.0
9.6
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.6
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
..........
8.4
7.8
7.0
6.9
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.4
6.5
Scholarships
and
fellowships
.....................
3.9
4.3
4.9
5.2
5.8
6.1
6.5
6.7
6.9
From
unrestricted
funds
..........................
1.7
2.3
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.3
From
restricted
funds
2
............................
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.6
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
Auxiliary
enterprises
........................................
11.4
10.8
9.8
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.5
9.4
9.2
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
Hospitals
..........................................................
8.5
8.9
9.4
9.8
10.3
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.4
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.................
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.8
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)

1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
expenditures
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
365
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
339.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
purpose:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Purpose
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
..........
$
42,279,806
$
63,193,853
$
85,770,530
$
92,961,093
$
98,847,180
$
104,570,101
$
109,309,541
$
115,464,975
$
119,524,500
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............
34,173,013
50,872,962
69,163,958
74,395,428
78,554,534
83,210,979
87,139,226
92,173,768
96,085,623
Instruction
...................................................
14,849,822
21,880,782
29,257,209
31,371,394
32,828,420
34,260,177
35,688,497
37,599,194
38,653,245
Research
.....................................................
3,813,350
5,705,144
8,542,235
9,364,213
9,948,580
10,604,973
11,180,363
11,829,665
12,076,357
Public
service
..............................................
1,718,924
2,515,734
3,688,664
3,990,232
4,285,501
4,563,397
4,741,719
5,034,445
5,321,014
Academic
support
.......................................
3,029,284
4,693,543
6,535,076
6,933,847
7,274,159
7,613,244
8,035,556
8,463,236
9,004,113
Libraries
...................................................
1,187,116
1,685,052
2,102,672
2,167,161
2,284,520
2,329,625
2,449,109
2,614,609
2,690,547
Student
services
.........................................
1,950,566
2,921,758
4,021,328
4,398,365
4,690,921
5,173,239
5,315,370
5,614,011
5,810,403
Institutional
support
.....................................
3,563,194
5,667,144
7,490,137
8,030,642
8,423,156
9,049,589
9,328,236
9,929,007
10,710,279
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
..........
3,681,921
5,177,254
6,333,582
6,655,605
6,790,215
7,076,805
7,433,185
7,668,919
8,005,101
Scholarships
and
fellowships
.....................
1,064,864
1,575,909
2,386,493
2,688,532
3,255,660
3,727,838
4,222,923
4,662,023
5,084,653
From
unrestricted
funds
..........................
367,476
696,973
1,099,425
1,270,158
1,523,721
1,745,339
1,934,617
2,149,036
2,457,139
From
restricted
funds
2
............................
697,388
878,935
1,287,068
1,418,374
1,731,939
1,982,498
2,288,306
2,512,988
2,627,514
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
501,087
735,695
909,234
962,598
1,057,923
1,141,717
1,193,379
1,373,267
1,420,459
Auxiliary
enterprises
........................................
4,658,140
6,830,235
8,282,332
9,049,935
9,634,131
10,024,352
10,637,783
11,235,143
11,309,031
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
344,043
410,777
551,331
623,146
655,301
758,644
784,115
835,993
793,125
Hospitals
..........................................................
3,377,972
5,358,699
8,113,989
9,315,902
10,432,773
11,100,602
11,317,674
11,801,589
11,878,939
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
26,613
75,569
156,029
195,961
224,095
223,241
242,216
262,343
213,387
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.................
70,681
131,956
210,252
199,827
225,742
234,168
214,858
254,474
250,906
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
322
846
2,276
1,201
510
462
474
465
1,343
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
..........
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............
80.8
80.5
80.6
80.0
79.5
79.6
79.7
79.8
80.4
Instruction
...................................................
35.1
34.6
34.1
33.7
33.2
32.8
32.6
32.6
32.3
Research
.....................................................
9.0
9.0
10.0
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.1
Public
service
..............................................
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.5
Academic
support
.......................................
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.5
Libraries
...................................................
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
Student
services
.........................................
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
Institutional
support
.....................................
8.4
9.0
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.7
8.5
8.6
9.0
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
..........
8.7
8.2
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.7
Scholarships
and
fellowships
.....................
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.3
From
unrestricted
funds
..........................
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
From
restricted
funds
2
............................
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.2
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
Auxiliary
enterprises
........................................
11.0
10.8
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.5
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Hospitals
..........................................................
8.0
8.5
9.5
10.0
10.6
10.6
10.4
10.2
9.9
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.................
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)

1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
expenditures
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
366
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
340.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
private
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
purpose:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
Purpose
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
In
thousands
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
..........
$
21,773,132
$
34,341,889
$
48,885,041
$
53,126,743
$
57,341,982
$
60,670,938
$
64,041,076
$
67,503,635
$
70,951,662
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............
15,900,792
25,255,003
36,421,118
39,744,472
43,012,623
45,766,989
48,885,124
51,984,234
55,359,982
Instruction
...................................................
5,883,343
9,151,318
12,888,779
14,124,723
15,168,776
16,080,736
17,087,102
18,120,513
19,156,788
Research
.....................................................
1,844,369
2,732,222
3,963,726
4,079,827
4,312,973
4,686,336
4,937,247
5,279,876
5,441,530
Public
service
..............................................
338,845
603,799
1,001,094
1,085,945
1,203,797
1,371,697
1,500,695
1,657,040
1,686,399
Academic
support
.......................................
1,244,002
1,973,849
2,902,568
3,116,927
3,302,859
3,459,726
3,642,355
3,815,455
4,292,950
Libraries
...................................................
572,667
866,279
1,151,567
1,176,731
1,311,314
1,355,227
1,459,304
1,551,152
1,602,816
Student
services
.........................................
958,432
1,641,180
2,366,819
2,627,117
2,818,174
2,991,840
3,247,414
3,445,983
3,820,174
Institutional
support
.....................................
2,209,321
3,683,642
5,183,893
5,695,842
6,051,868
6,200,308
6,598,004
6,915,821
7,545,490
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
..........
1,668,389
2,427,972
3,124,680
3,406,975
3,556,365
3,706,923
3,935,311
4,076,986
4,325,784
Scholarships
and
fellowships
.....................
1,439,661
2,584,266
4,269,051
4,862,651
5,804,340
6,420,536
7,015,087
7,623,304
8,110,450
From
unrestricted
funds
..........................
713,138
1,588,143
2,754,479
3,174,947
3,682,076
4,203,697
4,710,100
5,180,348
5,755,910
From
restricted
funds
2
............................
726,523
996,123
1,514,572
1,687,704
2,122,264
2,216,838
2,304,987
2,442,957
2,354,540
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
314,429
456,754
720,508
744,465
793,471
848,886
921,908
1,049,256
980,417
Auxiliary
enterprises
........................................
2,629,948
3,698,067
4,921,653
5,222,312
5,331,969
5,537,156
5,791,558
5,969,773
6,290,030
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
164,335
206,394
285,521
313,730
347,999
350,905
374,733
392,285
352,241
Hospitals
..........................................................
2,055,139
3,333,414
4,565,297
5,009,963
5,671,540
5,949,070
6,191,929
6,269,769
6,062,047
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
31,349
53,264
66,164
78,491
109,619
84,818
102,449
83,729
55,052
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.................
1,187,253
2,055,405
2,976,973
3,149,996
3,325,850
3,417,723
3,172,465
3,279,859
3,239,604
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
321
2,586
3,535
4,444
2,886
1,808
1,880
1,908
780
Percentage
distribution
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
..........
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Educational
and
general
expenditures
............
73.0
73.5
74.5
74.8
75.0
75.4
76.3
77.0
78.0
Instruction
...................................................
27.0
26.6
26.4
26.6
26.5
26.5
26.7
26.8
27.0
Research
.....................................................
8.5
8.0
8.1
7.7
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.7
Public
service
..............................................
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.4
Academic
support
.......................................
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
6.1
Libraries
...................................................
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
Student
services
.........................................
4.4
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.4
Institutional
support
.....................................
10.1
10.7
10.6
10.7
10.6
10.2
10.3
10.2
10.6
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
..........
7.7
7.1
6.4
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
6.1
Scholarships
and
fellowships
.....................
6.6
7.5
8.7
9.2
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.3
11.4
From
unrestricted
funds
..........................
3.3
4.6
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.7
8.1
From
restricted
funds
2
............................
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.3
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.4
Auxiliary
enterprises
........................................
12.1
10.8
10.1
9.8
9.3
9.1
9.0
8.8
8.9
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
Hospitals
..........................................................
9.4
9.7
9.3
9.4
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.3
8.5
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
Independent
operations
(
FFRDC)
3
.................
5.5
6.0
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.0
4.9
4.6
Mandatory
transfers
....................................
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)
(
4)

1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
3
Generally
includes
only
those
expenditures
associated
with
major
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).
4
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)

Table
341.
 
Voluntary
support
for
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
source
and
purpose
of
support:
1959
 
60
to
1995
 
96
[
In
millions]

Source
and
purpose
of
support
1959
 
60
1965
 
66
1970
 
71
1975
 
76
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1989
 
90
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
voluntary
support
1
.........
$
815
$
1,440
$
1,860
$
2,410
$
4,230
$
7,400
$
9,800
$
10,200
$
10,700
$
11,200
$
12,350
$
12,750
$
14,250
Sources
Alumni
........................................
191
310
458
588
1,049
1,825
2,540
2,680
2,840
2,980
3,410
3,600
4,040
Nonalumni
individuals
................
194
350
495
569
1,007
1,781
2,230
2,310
2,500
2,530
2,800
2,940
3,400
Corporations
..............................
130
230
259
379
778
1,702
2,170
2,230
2,260
2,400
2,510
2,560
2,800
Foundations
...............................
163
357
418
549
922
1,363
1,920
2,030
2,090
2,200
2,540
2,460
2,815
Religious
organizations
..............
80
108
104
130
140
211
240
240
240
250
240
250
255
Other
..........................................
57
85
126
195
334
518
700
710
770
840
850
940
940
Purpose
Current
operations
.....................
385
675
1,050
1,480
2,590
4,022
5,440
5,830
6,100
6,300
6,710
7,230
7,850
Capital
purposes
........................
430
765
810
930
1,640
3,378
4,360
4,370
4,600
4,900
5,640
5,520
6,400
Voluntary
support
as
a
percent
of
total
expenditures
2
....
11.4
9.2
6.8
5.5
6.0
6.9
6.5
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.5
6.3
6.7
1
Data
are
based
on
sample
surveys
of
institutions
of
higher
education.

2
Total
expenditures
include
current­
fund
expenditures
and
additions
to
plant
value.
SOURCE:
Council
for
Aid
to
Education,
Research
Report,
``
Contributions
to
Colleges
Drop
for
First
Time
Since
1975'';
and
``
Voluntary
Support
of
Education,''
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
367
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
342.
 
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
universities,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Instruction
Administration
1
Student
services
Research
Libraries
Public
service
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Mandatory
transfers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Expenditures,
in
thousands
of
current
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
9,413,626
$
3,670,554
$
1,222,410
$
346,906
$
1,727,807
$
331,614
$
763,809
$
857,677
$
377,749
$
115,099
1977
 
78
....
10,220,191
4,009,870
1,344,538
388,262
1,896,578
343,198
803,309
938,952
389,682
105,803
1978
 
79
....
11,284,191
4,408,025
1,478,568
419,231
2,136,135
363,875
920,726
1,046,740
396,356
114,533
1979
 
80
....
12,540,072
4,860,411
1,572,523
473,460
2,444,471
463,642
1,012,376
1,148,942
439,461
124,786
1980
 
81
....
13,951,029
5,374,271
1,795,504
525,891
2,743,145
451,978
1,158,512
1,270,339
492,225
139,164
1981
 
82
....
15,077,263
5,852,958
1,974,219
566,366
2,903,178
488,939
1,223,417
1,412,557
525,498
130,131
1982
 
83
....
16,089,168
6,247,358
2,107,933
604,657
3,086,846
528,470
1,300,353
1,512,947
562,903
137,702
1983
 
84
....
17,234,711
6,646,501
2,263,565
643,614
3,295,053
577,136
1,385,191
1,627,702
624,642
171,306
1984
 
85
....
18,960,810
7,257,618
2,598,784
701,451
3,682,755
609,365
1,519,324
1,745,825
677,533
168,155
1985
 
86
....
20,716,657
7,807,522
2,882,006
762,324
4,076,258
669,253
1,664,917
1,831,618
780,080
242,679
1986
 
87
....
22,023,387
8,368,187
3,088,348
819,829
4,399,405
677,531
1,725,613
1,829,880
847,328
267,266
1987
 
88
....
23,848,427
8,902,624
3,311,806
889,528
4,911,929
762,858
1,857,008
1,934,489
949,438
328,746
1988
 
89
....
26,138,665
9,623,797
3,638,424
975,801
5,476,936
813,888
2,096,267
2,069,744
1,096,447
347,362
1989
 
90
....
28,338,312
10,364,088
3,927,198
1,047,364
6,030,489
871,279
2,273,699
2,222,046
1,211,690
390,458
1990
 
91
....
30,367,325
11,012,373
4,157,677
1,103,058
6,599,209
906,506
2,479,956
2,305,115
1,367,754
435,676
1991
 
92
....
31,565,791
11,373,749
4,198,990
1,161,633
6,937,360
946,098
2,609,520
2,323,220
1,556,868
458,354
1992
 
93
....
32,836,061
11,708,500
4,317,605
1,211,143
7,330,922
959,306
2,714,785
2,365,942
1,734,530
493,328
1993
 
94
....
34,318,548
12,115,695
4,578,770
1,273,008
7,676,832
1,006,301
2,784,869
2,459,895
1,909,173
514,006
1994
 
95
....
36,255,063
12,837,030
4,814,366
1,348,617
8,082,388
1,096,566
2,943,284
2,526,104
2,057,116
549,593
1995
 
96
2
..
37,693,678
13,289,323
5,146,842
1,419,733
8,211,609
1,134,159
3,082,968
2,596,786
2,235,290
576,968
Percentage
distribution
1976
 
77
....
100.0
39.0
13.0
3.7
18.4
3.5
8.1
9.1
4.0
1.2
1979
 
80
....
100.0
38.8
12.5
3.8
19.5
3.7
8.1
9.2
3.5
1.0
1980
 
81
....
100.0
38.5
12.9
3.8
19.7
3.2
8.3
9.1
3.5
1.0
1981
 
82
....
100.0
38.8
13.1
3.8
19.3
3.2
8.1
9.4
3.5
0.9
1982
 
83
....
100.0
38.8
13.1
3.8
19.2
3.3
8.1
9.4
3.5
0.9
1983
 
84
....
100.0
38.6
13.1
3.7
19.1
3.3
8.0
9.4
3.6
1.0
1984
 
85
....
100.0
38.3
13.7
3.7
19.4
3.2
8.0
9.2
3.6
0.9
1985
 
86
....
100.0
37.7
13.9
3.7
19.7
3.2
8.0
8.8
3.8
1.2
1986
 
87
....
100.0
38.0
14.0
3.7
20.0
3.1
7.8
8.3
3.8
1.2
1987
 
88
....
100.0
37.3
13.9
3.7
20.6
3.2
7.8
8.1
4.0
1.4
1988
 
89
....
100.0
36.8
13.9
3.7
21.0
3.1
8.0
7.9
4.2
1.3
1989
 
90
....
100.0
36.6
13.9
3.7
21.3
3.1
8.0
7.8
4.3
1.4
1990
 
91
....
100.0
36.3
13.7
3.6
21.7
3.0
8.2
7.6
4.5
1.4
1991
 
92
....
100.0
36.0
13.3
3.7
22.0
3.0
8.3
7.4
4.9
1.5
1992
 
93
....
100.0
35.7
13.1
3.7
22.3
2.9
8.3
7.2
5.3
1.5
1993
 
94
....
100.0
35.3
13.3
3.7
22.4
2.9
8.1
7.2
5.6
1.5
1994
 
95
....
100.0
35.4
13.3
3.7
22.3
3.0
8.1
7.0
5.7
1.5
1995
 
96
2
..
100.0
35.3
13.7
3.8
21.8
3.0
8.2
6.9
5.9
1.5
Expenditure
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
15,112
$
5,893
$
1,962
$
557
$
2,774
$
532
$
1,226
$
1,377
$
606
$
185
1977
 
78
....
15,247
5,982
2,006
579
2,829
512
1,198
1,401
581
158
1978
 
79
....
15,801
6,172
2,070
587
2,991
510
1,289
1,466
555
160
1979
 
80
....
15,633
6,059
1,960
590
3,047
578
1,262
1,432
548
156
1980
 
81
....
15,391
5,929
1,981
580
3,026
499
1,278
1,401
543
154
1981
 
82
....
15,172
5,890
1,987
570
2,922
492
1,231
1,421
529
131
1982
 
83
....
15,139
5,878
1,983
569
2,905
497
1,224
1,424
530
130
1983
 
84
....
15,506
5,980
2,036
579
2,964
519
1,246
1,464
562
154
1984
 
85
....
16,236
6,215
2,225
601
3,153
522
1,301
1,495
580
144
1985
 
86
....
16,868
6,357
2,347
621
3,319
545
1,356
1,491
635
198
1986
 
87
....
17,162
6,521
2,407
639
3,428
528
1,345
1,426
660
208
1987
 
88
....
17,628
6,581
2,448
658
3,631
564
1,373
1,430
702
243
1988
 
89
....
17,961
6,613
2,500
671
3,764
559
1,440
1,422
753
239
1989
 
90
....
18,081
6,613
2,506
668
3,848
556
1,451
1,418
773
249
1990
 
91
....
18,237
6,613
2,497
662
3,963
544
1,489
1,384
821
262
1991
 
92
....
18,133
6,534
2,412
667
3,985
543
1,499
1,335
894
263
1992
 
93
....
18,577
6,624
2,443
685
4,147
543
1,536
1,338
981
279
1993
 
94
....
18,957
6,693
2,529
703
4,241
556
1,538
1,359
1,055
284
1994
 
95
....
19,513
6,909
2,591
726
4,350
590
1,584
1,360
1,107
296
1995
 
96
2
..
19,700
6,946
2,690
742
4,292
593
1,611
1,357
1,168
302
1
Includes
institutional
and
academic
support
less
libraries.

2
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Data
in
this
table
may
differ
slightly
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables.
Data
for
1976
 
77
through
1985
 
86
include
only
institutions
which
provided
both
enrollment
and
finance
data.
The
Higher
Education
Price
Index
was
used
to
convert
the
per
student
figures
to
constant
dollars.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys;
and
Research
Associates
of
Washington,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
368
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
343.
 
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
4­
year
colleges,
1
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Instruction
Administration
2
Student
services
Research
Libraries
Public
service
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Mandatory
transfers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Expenditures,
in
thousands
of
current
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
8,682,538
$
4,027,051
$
1,445,651
$
500,832
$
607,235
$
340,002
$
250,152
$
1,001,848
$
338,432
$
171,335
1977
 
78
....
9,568,977
4,423,487
1,598,092
572,193
677,414
369,408
274,314
1,118,393
332,899
202,777
1978
 
79
....
10,455,134
4,770,598
1,789,534
651,541
786,072
395,299
301,387
1,214,996
337,588
208,119
1979
 
80
....
11,750,398
5,271,621
2,029,327
733,557
937,874
448,190
359,467
1,375,308
383,036
212,019
1980
 
81
....
13,139,618
5,890,759
2,258,987
807,249
1,043,614
511,817
407,816
1,563,514
412,972
242,890
1981
 
82
....
14,321,586
6,537,888
2,518,182
834,225
1,086,146
536,080
440,736
1,738,210
403,069
227,050
1982
 
83
....
15,286,145
6,980,269
2,660,360
904,745
1,150,011
559,353
469,841
1,857,151
450,067
254,349
1983
 
84
....
16,538,128
7,464,035
3,013,666
1,041,488
1,246,289
622,879
513,732
1,873,628
473,503
288,908
1984
 
85
....
18,333,578
8,211,171
3,370,676
1,140,312
1,420,844
669,518
603,018
2,137,225
489,188
291,626
1985
 
86
....
19,860,947
8,945,373
3,658,627
1,235,418
1,618,737
712,112
648,178
2,118,522
569,841
354,139
1986
 
87
....
21,490,078
9,608,239
4,019,850
1,318,666
1,846,712
695,692
766,865
2,226,599
660,940
346,515
1987
 
88
....
23,124,455
10,310,532
4,261,440
1,434,726
2,053,638
774,274
864,347
2,340,495
711,704
373,299
1988
 
89
....
24,639,653
10,991,086
4,496,286
1,504,869
2,305,152
813,801
941,434
2,429,103
754,412
403,508
1989
 
90
....
27,210,634
12,079,093
5,076,792
1,648,526
2,525,080
888,526
1,088,113
2,607,385
871,944
425,175
1990
 
91
....
28,903,790
12,818,677
5,374,417
1,800,723
2,745,613
888,162
1,145,892
2,728,949
963,436
437,921
1991
 
92
....
30,720,827
13,270,992
5,805,724
1,868,329
2,986,474
945,097
1,310,700
2,782,200
1,248,220
503,091
1992
 
93
....
33,119,294
13,906,211
6,416,859
2,164,309
3,246,542
979,635
1,447,684
2,960,373
1,457,901
539,779
1993
 
94
....
34,477,869
14,519,321
6,477,847
2,135,560
3,473,971
1,018,304
1,525,406
3,084,509
1,685,785
557,166
1994
 
95
....
36,659,833
15,321,392
6,909,606
2,236,127
3,717,964
1,084,945
1,647,855
3,175,330
1,884,283
682,332
1995
 
96
3
..
38,115,758
15,600,219
7,502,742
2,217,691
3,841,169
1,105,930
1,761,690
3,328,604
2,068,459
689,256
Percentage
distribution
1976
 
77
....
100.0
46.4
16.7
5.8
7.0
3.9
2.9
11.5
3.9
2.0
1979
 
80
....
100.0
44.9
17.3
6.2
8.0
3.8
3.1
11.7
3.3
1.8
1980
 
81
....
100.0
44.8
17.2
6.1
7.9
3.9
3.1
11.9
3.1
1.8
1981
 
82
....
100.0
45.7
17.6
5.8
7.6
3.7
3.1
12.1
2.8
1.6
1982
 
83
....
100.0
45.7
17.4
5.9
7.5
3.7
3.1
12.1
2.9
1.7
1983
 
84
....
100.0
45.1
18.2
6.3
7.5
3.8
3.1
11.3
2.9
1.7
1984
 
85
....
100.0
44.8
18.4
6.2
7.7
3.7
3.3
11.7
2.7
1.6
1985
 
86
....
100.0
45.0
18.4
6.2
8.2
3.6
3.3
10.7
2.9
1.8
1986
 
87
....
100.0
44.7
18.7
6.1
8.6
3.2
3.6
10.4
3.1
1.6
1987
 
88
....
100.0
44.6
18.4
6.2
8.9
3.3
3.7
10.1
3.1
1.6
1988
 
89
....
100.0
44.6
18.2
6.1
9.4
3.3
3.8
9.9
3.1
1.6
1989
 
90
....
100.0
44.4
18.7
6.1
9.3
3.3
4.0
9.6
3.2
1.6
1990
 
91
....
100.0
44.3
18.6
6.2
9.5
3.1
4.0
9.4
3.3
1.5
1991
 
92
....
100.0
43.2
18.9
6.1
9.7
3.1
4.3
9.1
4.1
1.6
1992
 
93
....
100.0
42.0
19.4
6.5
9.8
3.0
4.4
8.9
4.4
1.6
1993
 
94
....
100.0
42.1
18.8
6.2
10.1
3.0
4.4
8.9
4.9
1.6
1994
 
95
....
100.0
41.8
18.8
6.1
10.1
3.0
4.5
8.7
5.1
1.9
1995
 
96
3
..
100.0
40.9
19.7
5.8
10.1
2.9
4.6
8.7
5.4
1.8
Expenditure
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
11,020
$
5,111
$
1,835
$
636
$
771
$
432
$
317
$
1,272
$
430
$
217
1979
 
80
....
11,598
5,203
2,003
724
926
442
355
1,357
378
209
1980
 
81
....
11,482
5,148
1,974
705
912
447
356
1,366
361
212
1981
 
82
....
11,425
5,215
2,009
665
866
428
352
1,387
322
181
1982
 
83
....
11,148
5,091
1,940
660
839
408
343
1,354
328
185
1983
 
84
....
11,265
5,084
2,053
709
849
424
350
1,276
323
197
1984
 
85
....
11,892
5,326
2,186
740
922
434
391
1,386
317
189
1985
 
86
....
12,283
5,532
2,263
764
1,001
440
401
1,310
352
219
1986
 
87
....
12,278
5,489
2,297
753
1,055
397
438
1,272
378
198
1987
 
88
....
12,527
5,586
2,309
777
1,113
419
468
1,268
386
202
1988
 
89
....
12,335
5,502
2,251
753
1,154
407
471
1,216
378
202
1989
 
90
....
12,447
5,525
2,322
754
1,155
406
498
1,193
399
194
1990
 
91
....
12,102
5,367
2,250
754
1,150
372
480
1,143
403
183
1991
 
92
....
12,254
5,294
2,316
745
1,191
377
523
1,110
498
201
1992
 
93
....
12,706
5,335
2,462
830
1,245
376
555
1,136
559
207
1993
 
94
....
12,862
5,416
2,417
797
1,296
380
569
1,151
629
208
1994
 
95
....
13,309
5,562
2,508
812
1,350
394
598
1,153
684
248
1995
 
96
3
..
13,403
5,486
2,638
780
1,351
389
619
1,170
727
242
1
Excludes
universities.
See
preceding
table.

2
Includes
institutional
and
academic
support
less
libraries.

3
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Data
in
this
table
may
differ
slightly
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables.
Data
for
1976
 
77
through
1985
 
86
include
only
institutions
which
provided
both
enrollment
and
finance
data.
The
Higher
Education
Price
Index
was
used
to
convert
the
per
student
figures
to
constant
dollars.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys;
and
Research
Associates
of
Washington,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
369
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
344.
 
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
2­
year
colleges,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Instruction
Administration
1
Student
services
Research
Libraries
Public
service
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Mandatory
transfers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Expenditures,
in
thousands
of
current
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
4,875,998
$
2,490,274
$
882,813
$
409,217
$
15,698
$
171,409
$
97,635
$
547,515
$
142,827
$
118,610
1977
 
78
....
5,336,153
2,700,489
1,035,206
437,060
9,333
188,201
112,944
605,464
117,996
129,458
1978
 
79
....
5,734,611
2,877,651
1,119,840
482,323
21,289
193,703
110,918
650,447
127,633
150,807
1979
 
80
....
6,334,777
3,185,815
1,204,082
547,457
26,288
202,583
141,000
743,014
147,865
136,672
1980
 
81
....
7,063,474
3,575,743
1,347,020
615,869
26,591
222,391
152,597
844,781
159,474
119,008
1981
 
82
....
7,757,435
3,947,065
1,473,733
684,650
15,632
262,697
147,385
952,691
160,109
113,473
1982
 
83
....
8,292,446
4,218,388
1,620,644
741,179
18,090
248,682
123,722
1,016,267
175,069
130,403
1983
 
84
....
8,820,575
4,481,854
1,748,535
775,084
18,189
263,485
150,109
1,076,371
178,500
128,448
1984
 
85
....
9,560,507
4,806,050
1,929,968
841,101
15,591
278,363
193,903
1,156,074
207,975
131,482
1985
 
86
....
10,252,955
5,116,884
2,122,060
920,299
10,136
295,691
202,440
1,220,646
225,979
138,820
1986
 
87
....
10,845,969
5,382,631
2,363,275
1,020,496
12,508
246,131
235,115
1,252,152
243,402
90,258
1987
 
88
....
11,666,586
5,741,049
2,479,661
1,157,858
11,358
316,278
264,809
1,326,748
280,247
88,578
1988
 
89
....
12,666,590
6,278,809
2,727,058
1,197,748
14,864
328,809
314,250
1,414,420
299,491
91,142
1989
 
90
....
13,875,566
6,909,109
2,977,932
1,344,339
19,213
353,165
336,927
1,526,086
314,906
93,889
1990
 
91
....
15,124,313
7,540,344
3,265,233
1,494,583
19,390
372,492
364,384
1,621,542
357,343
89,001
1991
 
92
....
16,267,915
8,183,678
3,408,080
1,660,958
24,747
393,325
365,281
1,684,796
450,572
96,477
1992
 
93
....
17,255,624
8,645,466
3,598,745
1,797,787
27,510
390,684
400,927
1,750,489
535,406
108,610
1993
 
94
....
18,342,808
9,053,480
3,858,066
1,906,802
29,560
424,504
431,444
1,888,780
627,964
122,207
1994
 
95
....
19,258,872
9,440,773
4,053,662
2,029,268
29,313
433,098
443,306
1,967,485
720,624
141,342
1995
 
96
2
..
20,161,543
9,701,637
4,349,565
2,163,469
23,676
445,660
472,767
2,070,286
781,770
152,713
Percentage
distribution
1976
 
77
....
100.0
51.1
18.1
8.4
0.3
3.5
2.0
11.2
2.9
2.4
1979
 
80
....
100.0
50.3
19.0
8.6
0.4
3.2
2.2
11.7
2.3
2.2
1980
 
81
....
100.0
50.6
19.1
8.7
0.4
3.1
2.2
12.0
2.3
1.7
1981
 
82
....
100.0
50.9
19.0
8.8
0.2
3.4
1.9
12.3
2.1
1.5
1982
 
83
....
100.0
50.9
19.5
8.9
0.2
3.0
1.5
12.3
2.1
1.6
1983
 
84
....
100.0
50.8
19.8
8.8
0.2
3.0
1.7
12.2
2.0
1.5
1984
 
85
....
100.0
50.3
20.2
8.8
0.2
2.9
2.0
12.1
2.2
1.4
1985
 
86
....
100.0
49.9
20.7
9.0
0.1
2.9
2.0
11.9
2.2
1.4
1986
 
87
....
100.0
49.6
21.8
9.4
0.1
2.3
2.2
11.5
2.2
0.8
1987
 
88
....
100.0
49.2
21.3
9.9
0.1
2.7
2.3
11.4
2.4
0.8
1988
 
89
....
100.0
49.6
21.5
9.5
0.1
2.6
2.5
11.2
2.4
0.7
1989
 
90
....
100.0
49.8
21.5
9.7
0.1
2.5
2.4
11.0
2.3
0.7
1990
 
91
....
100.0
49.9
21.6
9.9
0.1
2.5
2.4
10.7
2.4
0.6
1991
 
92
....
100.0
50.3
20.9
10.2
0.2
2.4
2.2
10.4
2.8
0.6
1992
 
93
....
100.0
50.1
20.9
10.4
0.2
2.3
2.3
10.1
3.1
0.6
1993
 
94
....
100.0
49.4
21.0
10.4
0.2
2.3
2.4
10.3
3.4
0.7
1994
 
95
....
100.0
49.0
21.0
10.5
0.2
2.2
2.3
10.2
3.7
0.7
1995
 
96
2
..
100.0
48.1
21.6
10.7
0.1
2.2
2.3
10.3
3.9
0.8
Expenditure
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
5,939
$
3,033
$
1,075
$
498
$
19
$
209
$
119
$
667
$
174
$
144
1977
 
78
....
5,971
3,022
1,158
489
10
211
126
677
132
145
1978
 
79
....
6,174
3,098
1,206
519
23
209
119
700
137
162
1979
 
80
....
6,071
3,053
1,154
525
25
194
135
712
142
131
1980
 
81
....
5,818
2,945
1,109
507
22
183
126
696
131
98
1981
 
82
....
5,812
2,957
1,104
513
12
197
110
714
120
85
1982
 
83
....
5,499
2,797
1,075
491
12
165
82
674
116
86
1983
 
84
....
5,576
2,833
1,105
490
11
167
95
680
113
81
1984
 
85
....
6,111
3,072
1,234
538
10
178
124
739
133
84
1985
 
86
....
6,292
3,140
1,302
565
6
181
124
749
139
85
1986
 
87
....
6,394
3,173
1,393
602
7
145
139
738
143
53
1987
 
88
....
6,309
3,104
1,341
626
6
171
143
717
152
48
1988
 
89
....
6,379
3,162
1,373
603
7
166
158
712
151
46
1989
 
90
....
6,206
3,090
1,332
601
9
158
151
683
141
42
1990
 
91
....
6,276
3,129
1,355
620
8
155
151
673
148
37
1991
 
92
....
5,988
3,012
1,254
611
9
145
134
620
166
36
1992
 
93
....
6,078
3,045
1,268
633
10
138
141
617
189
38
1993
 
94
....
6,390
3,154
1,344
664
10
148
150
658
219
43
1994
 
95
....
6,534
3,203
1,375
689
10
147
150
668
245
48
1995
 
96
2
..
6,733
3,240
1,452
722
8
149
158
691
261
51
1
Includes
institutional
and
academic
support
less
libraries.

2
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Data
in
this
table
may
differ
slightly
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables.
Data
for
1976
 
77
through
1985
 
86
include
only
institutions
which
provided
both
enrollment
and
finance
data.
The
Higher
Education
Price
Index
was
used
to
convert
the
per
student
figures
to
constant
dollars.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys;
and
Research
Associates
of
Washington,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
370
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
345.
 
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
(
nonprofit)
universities,
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Instruction
Administration
1
Student
services
Research
Libraries
Public
service
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Mandatory
transfers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Expenditures,
in
thousands
of
current
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
4,694,593
$
1,784,975
$
621,733
$
156,457
$
988,656
$
195,146
$
105,011
$
411,340
$
380,821
$
50,453
1977
 
78
....
5,120,125
1,943,031
683,988
172,261
1,063,906
215,068
108,201
447,743
427,907
58,019
1978
 
79
....
5,675,608
2,120,800
796,751
195,238
1,175,657
221,676
119,082
510,819
460,200
75,385
1979
 
80
....
6,408,288
2,426,312
908,580
215,646
1,315,469
236,184
148,028
568,806
507,257
82,006
1980
 
81
....
7,249,102
2,763,320
1,009,957
254,872
1,436,318
267,142
149,946
660,152
596,241
111,154
1981
 
82
....
7,951,934
3,105,731
1,100,088
289,398
1,505,340
294,523
160,496
752,673
650,285
93,401
1982
 
83
....
8,198,167
3,227,925
1,214,617
304,617
1,464,809
295,709
169,382
754,480
670,390
96,238
1983
 
84
....
9,491,967
3,660,650
1,445,910
350,096
1,683,020
360,238
187,615
859,065
833,108
112,266
1984
 
85
....
10,431,950
3,965,165
1,556,854
393,526
1,892,570
366,356
253,010
930,229
931,027
143,212
1985
 
86
....
11,407,571
4,308,432
1,711,155
438,678
2,108,731
397,745
271,271
981,131
1,040,677
149,751
1986
 
87
....
13,013,183
4,998,565
1,977,175
502,291
2,399,976
397,460
332,223
1,006,334
1,218,002
181,159
1987
 
88
....
13,876,586
5,209,101
2,107,206
529,261
2,597,435
484,987
340,475
1,073,880
1,328,775
205,464
1988
 
89
....
15,123,369
5,743,104
2,293,256
565,903
2,786,178
510,820
377,820
1,135,273
1,472,675
238,340
1989
 
90
....
16,363,342
6,188,447
2,411,051
607,623
3,048,455
555,752
414,916
1,231,028
1,615,096
290,974
1990
 
91
....
17,827,649
6,827,220
2,633,605
669,160
3,170,083
567,800
456,615
1,383,686
1,833,124
286,357
1991
 
92
....
19,307,030
7,367,629
2,852,739
711,041
3,364,795
624,416
484,871
1,453,365
2,142,466
305,707
1992
 
93
....
20,435,319
7,844,576
2,874,208
719,657
3,648,010
644,005
547,159
1,495,825
2,322,331
339,547
1993
 
94
....
21,702,227
8,347,500
3,009,434
772,524
3,831,668
693,223
603,658
1,578,840
2,481,742
383,638
1994
 
95
....
23,059,247
8,838,806
3,158,159
820,099
4,121,604
752,683
612,464
1,632,166
2,680,828
442,438
1995
 
96
2
..
24,094,517
9,004,148
3,691,277
903,900
4,243,335
777,957
621,908
1,662,803
2,754,177
435,014
Percentage
distribution
1976
 
77
....
100.0
38.0
13.2
3.3
21.1
4.2
2.2
8.8
8.1
1.1
1979
 
80
....
100.0
37.9
14.2
3.4
20.5
3.7
2.3
8.9
7.9
1.3
1980
 
81
....
100.0
38.1
13.9
3.5
19.8
3.7
2.1
9.1
8.2
1.5
1981
 
82
....
100.0
39.1
13.8
3.6
18.9
3.7
2.0
9.5
8.2
1.2
1982
 
83
....
100.0
39.4
14.8
3.7
17.9
3.6
2.1
9.2
8.2
1.2
1983
 
84
....
100.0
38.6
15.2
3.7
17.7
3.8
2.0
9.1
8.8
1.2
1984
 
85
....
100.0
38.0
14.9
3.8
18.1
3.5
2.4
8.9
8.9
1.4
1985
 
86
....
100.0
37.8
15.0
3.8
18.5
3.5
2.4
8.6
9.1
1.3
1986
 
87
....
100.0
38.4
15.2
3.9
18.4
3.1
2.6
7.7
9.4
1.4
1987
 
88
....
100.0
37.5
15.2
3.8
18.7
3.5
2.5
7.7
9.6
1.5
1988
 
89
....
100.0
38.0
15.2
3.7
18.4
3.4
2.5
7.5
9.7
1.6
1989
 
90
....
100.0
37.8
14.7
3.7
18.6
3.4
2.5
7.5
9.9
1.8
1990
 
91
....
100.0
38.3
14.8
3.8
17.8
3.2
2.6
7.8
10.3
1.6
1991
 
92
....
100.0
38.2
14.8
3.7
17.4
3.2
2.5
7.5
11.1
1.6
1992
 
93
....
100.0
38.4
14.1
3.5
17.9
3.2
2.7
7.3
11.4
1.7
1993
 
94
....
100.0
38.5
13.9
3.6
17.7
3.2
2.8
7.3
11.4
1.8
1994
 
95
....
100.0
38.3
13.7
3.6
17.9
3.3
2.7
7.1
11.6
1.9
1995
 
96
2
..
100.0
37.4
15.3
3.8
17.6
3.2
2.6
6.9
11.4
1.8
Expenditure
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
23,395
$
8,895
$
3,098
$
780
$
4,927
$
972
$
523
$
2,050
$
1,898
$
251
1977
 
78
....
23,119
8,773
3,088
778
4,804
971
489
2,022
1,932
262
1978
 
79
....
23,411
8,748
3,287
805
4,849
914
491
2,107
1,898
311
1979
 
80
....
23,750
8,992
3,367
799
4,875
875
549
2,108
1,880
304
1980
 
81
....
24,040
9,164
3,349
845
4,763
886
497
2,189
1,977
369
1981
 
82
....
23,947
9,353
3,313
871
4,533
887
483
2,267
1,958
281
1982
 
83
....
24,140
9,505
3,577
897
4,313
871
499
2,222
1,974
283
1983
 
84
....
25,909
9,992
3,947
956
4,594
983
512
2,345
2,274
306
1984
 
85
....
26,964
10,249
4,024
1,017
4,892
947
654
2,404
2,406
370
1985
 
86
....
27,983
10,569
4,198
1,076
5,173
976
665
2,407
2,553
367
1986
 
87
....
30,544
11,732
4,641
1,179
5,633
933
780
2,362
2,859
425
1987
 
88
....
30,934
11,612
4,697
1,180
5,790
1,081
759
2,394
2,962
458
1988
 
89
....
31,609
12,004
4,793
1,183
5,823
1,068
790
2,373
3,078
498
1989
 
90
....
31,961
12,087
4,709
1,187
5,954
1,085
810
2,404
3,155
568
1990
 
91
....
32,945
12,616
4,867
1,237
5,858
1,049
844
2,557
3,388
529
1991
 
92
....
33,901
12,937
5,009
1,248
5,908
1,096
851
2,552
3,762
537
1992
 
93
....
34,848
13,377
4,901
1,227
6,221
1,098
933
2,551
3,960
579
1993
 
94
....
35,876
13,799
4,975
1,277
6,334
1,146
998
2,610
4,103
634
1994
 
95
....
36,806
14,108
5,041
1,309
6,579
1,201
978
2,605
4,279
706
1995
 
96
2
..
37,200
13,902
5,699
1,396
6,551
1,201
960
2,567
4,252
672
1
Includes
institutional
and
academic
support
less
libraries.
2
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Data
in
this
table
may
differ
slightly
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables.
Data
for
1976
 
77
through
1985
 
86
include
only
institutions
which
provided
both
enrollment
and
finance
data.
The
Higher
Education
Price
Index
was
used
to
convert
the
per
student
figures
to
constant
dollars.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys;
and
Research
Associates
of
Washington,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
371
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
346.
 
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
(
nonprofit)
4­
year
colleges,
1
by
purpose:
1976
 
77
to
1995
 
96
Year
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Total
Instruction
Administration
2
Student
services
Research
Libraries
Public
service
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
Scholarships
and
fellowships
Mandatory
transfers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Expenditures,
in
thousands
of
current
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
5,139,939
$
1,919,574
$
1,047,932
$
381,428
$
259,530
$
200,844
$
123,717
$
574,910
$
511,907
$
120,097
1977
 
78
....
5,637,836
2,114,043
1,160,141
428,265
271,637
221,807
123,214
638,330
550,372
130,026
1978
 
79
....
6,263,692
2,328,418
1,299,063
483,031
328,042
240,098
136,861
704,180
598,487
145,513
1979
 
80
....
7,063,953
2,589,908
1,466,556
549,639
374,520
259,969
153,056
807,943
694,791
167,570
1980
 
81
....
8,061,774
2,907,255
1,703,307
639,795
407,622
289,944
186,399
930,075
811,636
185,741
1981
 
82
....
9,061,667
3,271,255
1,938,727
727,382
419,283
322,702
228,368
1,036,118
913,999
203,834
1982
 
83
....
9,805,459
3,552,387
2,124,446
804,943
437,286
356,768
236,142
1,092,836
983,887
216,764
1983
 
84
....
10,845,622
3,900,082
2,347,962
890,707
480,459
388,153
259,932
1,184,788
1,149,813
243,726
1984
 
85
....
11,835,351
4,213,485
2,564,844
980,416
539,322
416,539
289,124
1,251,490
1,312,673
267,459
1985
 
86
....
12,855,040
4,507,505
2,790,504
1,067,717
623,050
446,766
328,827
1,317,062
1,481,954
291,654
1986
 
87
....
14,232,003
4,886,585
3,249,910
1,184,395
693,450
410,013
384,594
1,386,729
1,717,948
318,379
1987
 
88
....
15,405,503
5,248,764
3,403,379
1,293,302
776,022
485,517
456,111
1,462,345
1,966,124
313,939
1988
 
89
....
16,980,645
5,738,789
3,766,237
1,437,829
848,094
530,032
495,683
1,596,786
2,198,328
368,866
1989
 
90
....
18,717,398
6,276,102
4,097,242
1,599,951
909,822
578,520
581,730
1,712,000
2,547,600
414,432
1990
 
91
....
20,374,743
6,809,318
4,533,043
1,770,071
901,357
589,052
624,663
1,809,977
2,898,547
438,715
1991
 
92
....
22,121,380
7,320,211
4,723,853
1,919,662
942,407
659,416
714,728
1,896,424
3,478,153
466,528
1992
 
93
....
23,609,625
7,743,656
4,887,700
2,044,830
1,036,676
680,457
821,381
1,995,164
3,900,807
498,954
1993
 
94
....
25,262,199
8,169,221
5,199,838
2,205,411
1,104,561
733,711
893,500
2,112,367
4,316,138
527,451
1994
 
95
....
26,999,085
8,714,437
5,438,969
2,350,717
1,157,255
764,903
1,040,959
2,195,045
4,739,447
597,354
1995
 
96
3
..
28,875,543
9,402,691
5,851,682
2,541,516
1,198,549
798,027
1,100,983
2,345,694
5,097,295
539,106
Percentage
distribution
1976
 
77
....
100.0
37.3
20.4
7.4
5.0
3.9
2.4
11.2
10.0
2.3
1979
 
80
....
100.0
36.7
20.8
7.8
5.3
3.7
2.2
11.4
9.8
2.4
1980
 
81
....
100.0
36.1
21.1
7.9
5.1
3.6
2.3
11.5
10.1
2.3
1981
 
82
....
100.0
36.1
21.4
8.0
4.6
3.6
2.5
11.4
10.1
2.2
1982
 
83
....
100.0
36.2
21.7
8.2
4.5
3.6
2.4
11.1
10.0
2.2
1983
 
84
....
100.0
36.0
21.6
8.2
4.4
3.6
2.4
10.9
10.6
2.2
1984
 
85
....
100.0
35.6
21.7
8.3
4.6
3.5
2.4
10.6
11.1
2.3
1985
 
86
....
100.0
35.1
21.7
8.3
4.8
3.5
2.6
10.2
11.5
2.3
1986
 
87
....
100.0
34.3
22.8
8.3
4.9
2.9
2.7
9.7
12.1
2.2
1987
 
88
....
100.0
34.1
22.1
8.4
5.0
3.2
3.0
9.5
12.8
2.0
1988
 
89
....
100.0
33.8
22.2
8.5
5.0
3.1
2.9
9.4
12.9
2.2
1989
 
90
....
100.0
33.5
21.9
8.5
4.9
3.1
3.1
9.1
13.6
2.2
1990
 
91
....
100.0
33.4
22.2
8.7
4.4
2.9
3.1
8.9
14.2
2.2
1991
 
92
....
100.0
33.1
21.4
8.7
4.3
3.0
3.2
8.6
15.7
2.1
1992
 
93
....
100.0
32.8
20.7
8.7
4.4
2.9
3.5
8.5
16.5
2.1
1993
 
94
....
100.0
32.3
20.6
8.7
4.4
2.9
3.5
8.4
17.1
2.1
1994
 
95
....
100.0
32.3
20.1
8.7
4.3
2.8
3.9
8.1
17.6
2.2
1995
 
96
3
..
100.0
32.6
20.3
8.8
4.2
2.8
3.8
8.1
17.7
1.9
Expenditure
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
constant
1995
 
96
dollars
1976
 
77
....
$
11,533
$
4,307
$
2,351
$
856
$
582
$
451
$
278
$
1,290
$
1,149
$
269
1977
 
78
....
11,481
4,305
2,363
872
553
452
251
1,300
1,121
265
1978
 
79
....
11,623
4,321
2,411
896
609
446
254
1,307
1,111
270
1979
 
80
....
11,821
4,334
2,454
920
627
435
256
1,352
1,163
280
1980
 
81
....
11,876
4,283
2,509
943
600
427
275
1,370
1,196
274
1981
 
82
....
12,028
4,342
2,573
965
557
428
303
1,375
1,213
271
1982
 
83
....
12,279
4,449
2,660
1,008
548
447
296
1,369
1,232
271
1983
 
84
....
12,693
4,564
2,748
1,042
562
454
304
1,387
1,346
285
1984
 
85
....
13,152
4,682
2,850
1,090
599
463
321
1,391
1,459
297
1985
 
86
....
13,605
4,770
2,953
1,130
659
473
348
1,394
1,568
309
1986
 
87
....
14,409
4,947
3,290
1,199
702
415
389
1,404
1,739
322
1987
 
88
....
14,768
5,032
3,263
1,240
744
465
437
1,402
1,885
301
1988
 
89
....
14,916
5,041
3,308
1,263
745
466
435
1,403
1,931
324
1989
 
90
....
15,167
5,085
3,320
1,296
737
469
471
1,387
2,064
336
1990
 
91
....
15,417
5,153
3,430
1,339
682
446
473
1,370
2,193
332
1991
 
92
....
15,802
5,229
3,374
1,371
673
471
511
1,355
2,485
333
1992
 
93
....
15,954
5,233
3,303
1,382
701
460
555
1,348
2,636
337
1993
 
94
....
16,340
5,284
3,363
1,427
714
475
578
1,366
2,792
341
1994
 
95
....
16,789
5,419
3,382
1,462
720
476
647
1,365
2,947
371
1995
 
96
3
..
17,177
5,593
3,481
1,512
713
475
655
1,395
3,032
321
1
Excludes
universities.
See
preceding
table.
2
Includes
institutional
and
academic
support
less
libraries.
3
Preliminary
data.

NOTE.
 
Data
in
this
table
may
differ
slightly
from
data
appearing
in
other
tables.
Data
for
1976
 
77
through
1985
 
86
include
only
institutions
which
provided
both
enrollment
and
finance
data.
The
Higher
Education
Price
Index
was
used
to
convert
the
per
student
figures
to
constant
dollars.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys;
and
Research
Associates
of
Washington,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
372
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
347.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree­
granting
institutions,
1995
 
96
2
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
Percent
change,
1990
 
91
to
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
................................
$
42,279,806
$
63,193,853
$
92,961,093
$
98,847,180
$
104,570,101
$
109,309,541
$
115,464,975
$
119,400,868
28.4
$
119,524,500
Alabama
..............................................
839,366
1,324,774
2,054,798
2,189,029
2,428,620
2,510,081
2,648,077
2,715,643
32.2
2,715,643
Alaska
.................................................
158,700
224,042
289,606
306,218
322,620
336,405
336,584
352,811
21.8
352,811
Arizona
................................................
691,481
1,017,203
1,586,891
1,620,019
1,621,716
1,754,682
1,854,180
1,963,390
23.7
1,976,169
Arkansas
.............................................
340,621
528,831
797,291
878,783
976,735
1,002,908
1,070,668
1,153,714
44.7
1,181,083
California
.............................................
5,775,482
8,515,440
12,023,304
12,910,152
13,537,367
13,244,130
13,899,338
14,274,642
18.7
14,284,348
Colorado
.............................................
738,363
1,057,558
1,452,137
1,546,642
1,670,921
1,760,679
1,862,438
1,974,306
36.0
1,974,306
Connecticut
.........................................
367,850
562,696
886,846
957,627
981,286
1,026,593
1,134,014
1,169,349
31.9
1,168,038
Delaware
.............................................
158,332
229,377
367,012
396,947
416,699
442,488
469,085
491,597
33.9
491,597
District
of
Columbia
............................
71,791
80,764
97,556
99,535
98,826
97,072
99,351
98,632
1.1
103,072
Florida
.................................................
1,170,305
1,782,180
2,896,046
2,988,794
3,179,353
3,408,957
3,549,470
3,727,585
28.7
3,714,984
Georgia
...............................................
754,060
1,255,964
1,929,993
2,015,816
2,227,608
2,453,100
2,728,682
2,953,792
53.0
2,835,505
Hawaii
.................................................
222,718
312,248
498,307
575,337
602,346
613,356
653,303
634,970
27.4
634,970
Idaho
...................................................
166,844
238,438
353,561
391,441
409,167
445,463
473,733
503,014
42.3
510,601
Illinois
..................................................
1,780,403
2,571,409
3,528,967
3,644,740
3,877,243
4,053,858
4,293,437
4,498,142
27.5
4,498,142
Indiana
................................................
1,064,395
1,602,203
2,391,173
2,643,997
2,671,055
2,858,990
2,967,184
2,783,027
16.4
2,783,027
Iowa
....................................................
767,590
1,092,542
1,734,476
1,776,217
1,899,159
1,981,068
2,051,631
2,163,536
24.7
2,163,536
Kansas
................................................
579,857
848,602
1,190,573
1,262,215
1,329,587
1,429,200
1,495,926
1,536,701
29.1
1,547,154
Kentucky
.............................................
673,775
898,718
1,400,529
1,514,985
1,516,017
1,577,584
1,663,738
1,779,945
27.1
1,779,945
Louisiana
.............................................
716,702
1,039,177
1,439,415
1,541,126
1,800,188
1,835,151
1,909,675
1,911,633
32.8
1,970,177
Maine
..................................................
153,658
216,737
355,074
362,905
375,090
387,991
391,269
404,171
13.8
407,819
Maryland
.............................................
795,100
1,064,430
1,684,341
1,674,918
1,829,812
1,940,403
1,997,636
2,136,898
26.9
2,136,898
Massachusetts
....................................
553,019
980,585
1,435,063
1,474,589
1,605,121
1,496,856
1,557,225
1,641,256
14.4
1,647,254
Michigan
..............................................
2,053,795
2,946,336
4,416,914
4,741,682
4,925,759
5,095,422
5,395,757
5,653,791
28.0
5,653,791
Minnesota
...........................................
876,632
1,324,691
2,012,225
2,219,016
2,286,336
2,459,437
2,624,464
2,689,857
33.7
2,694,395
Mississippi
...........................................
539,222
706,380
978,366
1,012,544
1,102,806
1,200,196
1,358,795
1,429,107
46.1
1,440,692
Missouri
...............................................
687,643
999,869
1,453,608
1,501,166
1,582,746
1,694,484
1,836,878
1,988,392
36.8
1,994,150
Montana
..............................................
121,894
182,102
254,175
320,876
337,189
350,943
376,618
402,792
58.5
402,792
Nebraska
.............................................
378,928
537,858
848,778
916,814
968,407
1,004,263
1,076,670
1,143,547
34.7
1,143,547
Nevada
................................................
111,347
180,107
330,592
363,306
377,786
415,785
447,901
505,518
52.9
505,518
New
Hampshire
..................................
134,391
183,959
281,542
307,217
335,575
360,833
371,554
390,816
38.8
390,816
New
Jersey
.........................................
903,169
1,406,490
2,309,968
2,489,088
2,630,533
2,809,931
2,982,535
3,064,901
32.7
3,064,901
New
Mexico
........................................
325,960
456,600
896,299
1,010,859
1,069,497
1,142,903
1,278,741
1,315,168
46.7
1,329,422
New
York
............................................
2,519,104
3,802,602
5,605,621
5,681,964
6,096,863
6,481,594
6,922,118
6,728,593
20.0
6,728,593
North
Carolina
.....................................
1,128,383
1,799,173
2,581,156
2,770,977
3,002,915
3,192,215
3,406,215
3,538,606
37.1
3,538,606
North
Dakota
.......................................
192,046
288,214
367,959
408,219
419,268
432,190
456,730
440,332
19.7
440,332
Ohio
....................................................
1,784,754
2,718,408
4,084,840
4,359,943
4,389,408
4,640,316
4,907,686
4,812,773
17.8
4,818,930
Oklahoma
............................................
583,174
844,829
1,057,248
1,158,696
1,177,061
1,214,084
1,263,002
1,329,938
25.8
1,329,938
Oregon
................................................
642,411
880,696
1,329,794
1,484,621
1,560,699
1,623,771
1,756,424
1,815,638
36.5
1,815,638
Pennsylvania
.......................................
1,544,586
2,392,145
3,602,685
3,904,332
4,004,062
4,240,094
4,506,833
4,781,347
32.7
4,781,347
Rhode
Island
.......................................
158,365
213,253
292,199
303,606
330,038
331,359
344,457
353,270
20.9
353,270
South
Carolina
....................................
617,963
951,848
1,475,074
1,595,552
1,702,419
1,766,671
1,817,631
1,903,952
29.1
1,903,952
South
Dakota
......................................
124,103
149,092
197,853
217,756
240,061
259,120
252,443
262,682
32.8
290,868
Tennessee
..........................................
665,885
1,081,052
1,585,614
1,621,202
1,776,066
1,911,953
2,042,171
2,061,946
30.0
2,062,547
Texas
..................................................
2,736,276
4,375,082
5,959,584
6,370,847
6,982,016
7,414,174
7,817,433
8,296,878
39.2
8,300,915
Utah
....................................................
405,314
669,714
993,625
1,116,845
1,174,239
1,260,797
1,354,017
1,442,592
45.2
1,442,592
Vermont
..............................................
122,708
188,112
274,746
294,045
298,626
306,100
316,455
329,457
19.9
329,457
Virginia
................................................
1,143,755
1,825,156
2,812,109
2,939,683
3,072,851
3,301,020
3,414,167
3,515,201
25.0
3,515,201
Washington
.........................................
993,171
1,399,780
2,157,074
2,278,549
2,486,455
2,639,504
2,807,168
2,909,056
34.9
2,945,074
West
Virginia
.......................................
317,482
376,293
548,802
582,453
609,447
650,642
674,664
717,095
30.7
718,596
Wisconsin
............................................
1,208,396
1,754,395
2,469,260
2,596,853
2,726,350
2,872,001
2,941,034
3,022,205
22.4
3,024,877
Wyoming
.............................................
126,082
203,307
240,216
265,048
260,592
271,396
294,334
291,864
21.5
291,864
U.
S.
Service
Schools
..........................
592,454
912,393
1,150,209
1,241,392
1,267,497
1,309,330
1,313,438
1,394,800
21.3
1,394,800
Outlying
areas
................................
268,310
451,370
516,958
574,988
654,292
662,130
727,524
813,290
57.3
809,779
American
Samoa
................................
1,609
1,092
3,187
3,228
3,356
3,416
3,483
15,486
386.0
15,486
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.........
 
 
3,777
3,765
3,294
3,520
5,056
8,442
123.5
8,442
Guam
..................................................
16,100
31,310
57,645
67,220
71,917
66,913
81,148
68,230
18.4
68,230
Marshall
Islands
..................................
 
 
 
3,588
1,298
1,527
1,237
1,282
 
1,282
Northern
Marianas
..............................
 
1,350
2,798
3,194
2,505
3,214
12,366
15,029
437.2
15,029
Palau
...................................................
 
 
3,837
3,687
4,485
3,476
3,667
5,942
54.9
5,942
Puerto
Rico
.........................................
237,319
394,046
385,511
434,032
536,917
546,575
586,910
663,128
72.0
659,617
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
...............
1,447
5,992
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
......................................
11,835
17,580
60,202
56,274
30,520
33,489
33,656
35,750
 
40.6
35,750
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
373
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
348.
 
Educational
and
general
expenditures
of
public
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1980
 
81
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree­
granting
institutions,
1995
 
96
2
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1991
 
92
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
Percent
change,
1990
 
91
to
1995
 
96
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
................................
$
34,173,013
$
50,872,962
$
74,395,428
$
78,554,534
$
83,210,979
$
87,139,226
$
92,173,768
$
95,970,979
29.0
$
96,085,623
Alabama
..............................................
611,409
979,770
1,415,440
1,456,605
1,580,484
1,710,955
1,834,533
1,880,788
32.9
1,880,788
Alaska
.................................................
150,421
210,894
273,577
288,999
304,137
316,779
316,397
331,723
21.3
331,723
Arizona
................................................
554,120
862,816
1,364,060
1,407,819
1,409,122
1,523,655
1,653,840
1,747,648
28.1
1,759,850
Arkansas
.............................................
266,522
415,800
633,194
604,885
676,378
707,166
746,129
817,974
29.2
843,906
California
.............................................
4,847,879
7,049,635
9,615,356
10,341,888
11,000,665
10,734,842
11,280,758
11,709,716
21.8
11,719,821
Colorado
.............................................
561,552
809,621
1,258,356
1,363,615
1,452,957
1,529,290
1,604,656
1,705,832
35.6
1,705,832
Connecticut
.........................................
281,581
439,397
673,182
736,202
731,570
771,954
883,759
912,566
35.6
911,255
Delaware
.............................................
135,164
202,331
325,838
349,369
366,801
387,810
413,692
429,293
31.8
429,293
District
of
Columbia
............................
71,245
79,922
96,411
98,973
97,586
95,824
98,041
97,399
1.0
101,839
Florida
.................................................
1,071,754
1,638,227
2,657,553
2,710,041
2,904,932
3,101,072
3,234,938
3,402,373
28.0
3,390,561
Georgia
...............................................
628,939
1,046,341
1,617,020
1,665,009
1,834,141
2,037,534
2,277,756
2,484,493
53.6
2,366,561
Hawaii
.................................................
202,154
282,058
454,880
526,269
546,473
556,567
590,389
569,448
25.2
569,448
Idaho
...................................................
141,296
202,736
303,224
334,762
346,932
375,289
395,733
420,747
38.8
428,068
Illinois
..................................................
1,487,123
2,152,955
2,979,768
3,068,891
3,245,802
3,397,183
3,583,012
3,794,018
27.3
3,794,018
Indiana
................................................
771,564
1,183,098
1,842,610
1,935,566
2,014,834
2,105,645
2,196,013
2,300,841
24.9
2,300,841
Iowa
....................................................
512,205
736,894
1,172,328
1,184,382
1,267,646
1,354,777
1,392,753
1,459,013
24.5
1,459,013
Kansas
................................................
461,979
660,995
928,772
994,560
1,059,683
1,134,392
1,196,211
1,234,345
32.9
1,244,531
Kentucky
.............................................
527,235
737,101
1,112,190
1,208,448
1,212,211
1,254,859
1,321,523
1,419,040
27.6
1,419,040
Louisiana
.............................................
557,825
810,479
1,135,955
1,215,771
1,275,446
1,339,408
1,449,305
1,513,214
33.2
1,570,429
Maine
..................................................
127,983
183,349
308,699
316,116
324,515
338,776
343,665
356,682
15.5
360,331
Maryland
.............................................
604,419
911,562
1,443,669
1,428,072
1,564,259
1,673,163
1,737,204
1,878,053
30.1
1,878,053
Massachusetts
....................................
441,068
779,341
1,122,629
1,165,598
1,295,720
1,339,199
1,400,824
1,470,591
31.0
1,476,589
Michigan
..............................................
1,610,016
2,278,217
3,325,625
3,556,178
3,727,115
3,885,984
4,042,460
4,306,553
29.5
4,306,553
Minnesota
...........................................
667,119
1,023,324
1,563,054
1,728,356
1,775,640
1,937,650
2,068,280
2,072,145
32.6
2,076,375
Mississippi
...........................................
409,942
542,022
756,492
772,618
842,603
919,354
1,049,356
1,099,535
45.3
1,111,120
Missouri
...............................................
553,793
802,936
1,155,531
1,184,338
1,260,304
1,339,527
1,456,516
1,560,758
35.1
1,566,489
Montana
..............................................
99,990
148,099
210,813
262,480
279,323
303,495
322,880
350,086
66.1
350,086
Nebraska
.............................................
286,122
397,523
600,224
639,475
672,427
706,454
727,977
753,703
25.6
753,703
Nevada
................................................
105,177
163,714
301,487
332,246
353,875
379,154
402,097
459,599
52.4
459,599
New
Hampshire
..................................
104,285
143,191
229,360
252,021
275,138
295,687
304,474
316,456
38.0
316,456
New
Jersey
.........................................
735,097
1,140,310
1,875,481
2,002,975
2,103,355
2,237,339
2,363,439
2,461,249
31.2
2,461,249
New
Mexico
........................................
278,960
393,151
671,206
724,157
769,646
806,673
899,545
939,532
40.0
953,396
New
York
............................................
2,249,821
3,238,773
4,680,376
4,768,772
5,113,506
5,398,182
5,799,931
5,630,108
20.3
5,630,108
North
Carolina
.....................................
971,928
1,527,535
2,227,060
2,406,405
2,600,325
2,671,176
2,849,310
2,881,827
29.4
2,881,827
North
Dakota
.......................................
151,372
228,609
292,978
328,738
336,361
344,187
361,276
372,051
27.0
372,051
Ohio
....................................................
1,327,483
2,019,351
3,046,603
3,214,612
3,185,955
3,362,837
3,616,901
3,769,392
23.7
3,774,974
Oklahoma
............................................
404,178
594,561
830,929
906,908
930,102
953,027
996,963
1,037,701
24.9
1,037,701
Oregon
................................................
497,593
672,175
996,887
1,086,673
1,142,781
1,194,805
1,281,381
1,351,507
35.6
1,351,507
Pennsylvania
.......................................
1,231,502
1,814,384
2,737,817
2,963,168
3,087,186
3,280,879
3,439,340
3,562,793
30.1
3,562,793
Rhode
Island
.......................................
138,965
185,215
251,992
260,123
284,957
285,742
297,597
306,825
21.8
306,825
South
Carolina
....................................
481,737
741,740
1,065,867
1,100,035
1,172,246
1,244,696
1,310,645
1,369,352
28.5
1,369,352
South
Dakota
......................................
108,632
130,825
173,396
192,001
211,716
229,080
222,811
233,749
34.8
258,488
Tennessee
..........................................
515,578
865,946
1,231,619
1,228,340
1,352,125
1,478,085
1,581,929
1,626,688
32.1
1,627,212
Texas
..................................................
2,278,337
3,674,109
5,105,246
5,439,843
5,961,535
6,352,088
6,643,734
7,023,005
37.6
7,026,170
Utah
....................................................
320,278
503,557
730,496
826,170
856,933
921,052
991,014
1,073,017
46.9
1,073,017
Vermont
..............................................
101,539
157,266
238,512
258,150
263,475
271,261
279,882
292,072
22.5
292,072
Virginia
................................................
796,616
1,241,534
1,852,416
1,892,627
1,991,591
2,124,635
2,248,402
2,282,078
23.2
2,282,078
Washington
.........................................
837,281
1,143,285
1,757,053
1,837,095
2,007,044
2,074,451
2,211,588
2,273,160
29.4
2,308,241
West
Virginia
.......................................
228,755
310,142
459,984
494,733
522,173
560,380
579,349
621,234
35.1
622,712
Wisconsin
............................................
998,862
1,438,918
2,057,786
2,158,188
2,266,312
2,394,285
2,437,859
2,510,572
22.0
2,513,244
Wyoming
.............................................
111,170
171,335
204,028
225,238
222,188
231,190
254,469
251,339
23.2
251,339
U.
S.
Service
Schools
..........................
555,447
805,892
1,030,399
1,110,028
1,130,748
1,169,731
1,181,234
1,247,093
21.0
1,247,093
Outlying
areas
................................
253,820
421,500
498,958
555,054
607,730
637,164
700,528
780,785
56.5
777,274
American
Samoa
................................
1,609
1,092
3,187
3,228
3,356
3,416
3,483
14,909
367.8
14,909
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
.........
 
 
3,302
3,286
2,898
3,096
4,589
7,965
141.2
7,965
Guam
..................................................
15,582
29,916
55,641
64,772
68,550
63,515
77,783
65,258
17.3
65,258
Marshall
Islands
..................................
 
 
 
3,093
1,220
1,454
1,183
1,226
 
1,226
Northern
Marianas
..............................
 
1,328
2,472
2,803
2,230
2,838
12,305
14,989
506.3
14,989
Palau
...................................................
 
 
3,277
3,172
3,808
2,847
3,156
3,332
1.7
3,332
Puerto
Rico
.........................................
224,988
367,523
378,352
427,021
497,590
529,255
567,140
641,083
69.4
637,571
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
...............
1,320
5,992
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
......................................
10,322
15,649
52,726
47,679
28,078
30,743
30,889
32,024
 
39.3
32,024
1
Preliminary
data.
2
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
particpate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
374
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
349.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
institutions
of
higher
education
and
degree­
granting
institutions,
by
state:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Institutions
of
higher
education
Degree­
granting
institutions,
1995
 
96
1
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
1985
 
86
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1985
 
86
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
........................
$
34,341,889
$
64,041,076
$
67,503,635
$
70,585,370
$
25,255,003
$
48,885,124
$
51,984,234
$
54,956,345
$
70,951,662
$
55,359,982
Alabama
......................................
186,596
299,982
310,329
329,049
164,093
265,046
273,268
291,111
329,527
291,954
Alaska
.........................................
10,171
23,199
19,825
18,352
9,106
18,140
15,631
14,705
17,614
14,264
Arizona
........................................
52,887
118,954
130,973
145,613
48,600
111,414
122,573
136,806
221,992
211,736
Arkansas
.....................................
70,755
130,253
140,758
148,871
56,492
108,969
118,323
125,776
148,871
125,776
California
.....................................
3,644,031
6,419,322
6,841,207
7,239,184
2,275,958
4,366,131
4,630,342
4,890,029
7,385,479
5,029,754
Colorado
.....................................
160,193
327,275
342,407
370,975
142,218
297,087
312,444
339,143
381,651
349,390
Connecticut
.................................
836,949
1,527,283
1,608,612
1,703,828
733,144
1,363,083
1,441,297
1,525,586
1,706,149
1,527,907
Delaware
.....................................
29,569
31,836
32,995
34,192
26,501
29,040
30,471
31,751
34,192
31,751
District
of
Columbia
....................
1,307,377
2,386,469
2,533,943
2,577,736
803,566
1,375,811
1,463,154
1,514,309
2,576,230
1,513,135
Florida
.........................................
723,270
1,561,498
1,672,960
1,787,230
553,391
1,234,246
1,329,012
1,417,897
1,835,413
1,460,803
Georgia
.......................................
696,734
1,683,308
1,798,384
1,906,664
429,639
1,122,545
1,188,358
1,269,705
1,916,837
1,279,641
Hawaii
.........................................
32,553
95,803
100,596
116,244
25,323
76,909
81,060
98,308
118,609
100,594
Idaho
...........................................
49,768
95,011
98,011
103,613
37,736
82,923
86,269
90,922
104,356
91,665
Illinois
..........................................
2,729,672
4,778,173
5,103,123
4,958,939
1,495,654
2,936,263
3,186,567
3,425,425
4,875,603
3,348,573
Indiana
........................................
530,163
1,000,966
1,073,603
1,147,246
426,813
831,223
895,861
965,305
1,167,186
984,720
Iowa
............................................
353,753
676,124
701,059
726,685
292,291
573,136
595,823
617,065
739,510
629,919
Kansas
........................................
105,193
171,402
180,052
189,318
87,719
149,127
157,710
166,024
192,432
167,472
Kentucky
.....................................
194,873
330,341
348,262
365,573
159,293
275,986
291,198
307,379
365,868
307,915
Louisiana
.....................................
353,433
739,368
624,279
649,135
221,928
459,780
523,694
516,757
656,789
523,097
Maine
..........................................
133,778
238,196
250,032
269,305
106,912
199,895
210,350
228,581
269,305
228,581
Maryland
.....................................
896,251
1,729,558
1,797,362
1,871,954
562,773
1,217,678
1,299,953
1,355,765
1,871,954
1,355,765
Massachusetts
............................
3,544,867
6,116,367
6,416,410
6,786,016
2,817,687
5,122,411
5,430,455
5,728,902
6,796,569
5,737,256
Michigan
......................................
447,436
826,746
855,969
908,360
384,533
730,458
759,066
805,962
913,662
810,989
Minnesota
...................................
521,441
800,291
859,388
907,452
443,972
679,001
732,714
773,952
940,013
805,340
Mississippi
...................................
64,054
123,506
129,945
138,808
55,252
108,547
115,582
122,699
124,907
110,765
Missouri
.......................................
904,573
1,769,749
1,897,323
1,998,070
713,411
1,453,221
1,579,030
1,610,073
2,014,787
1,626,355
Montana
......................................
22,349
44,193
50,343
56,028
18,565
38,509
44,086
49,855
59,825
52,627
Nebraska
.....................................
161,066
303,472
319,962
337,614
138,929
271,942
290,697
307,831
339,289
309,293
Nevada
........................................
2,448
6,768
8,194
9,784
2,448
5,998
7,294
9,069
14,063
12,904
New
Hampshire
..........................
264,440
487,785
507,227
534,486
230,657
426,736
442,671
466,623
533,508
465,732
New
Jersey
.................................
714,733
1,208,726
1,252,185
1,304,191
540,245
980,224
1,022,274
1,066,686
1,303,480
1,065,975
New
Mexico
................................
22,196
40,520
42,331
45,414
19,678
35,079
37,509
40,101
51,722
46,138
New
York
....................................
5,596,257
10,157,945
10,653,695
11,072,488
4,572,405
8,315,046
8,721,147
9,117,361
11,085,580
9,129,100
North
Carolina
.............................
837,291
2,166,337
2,329,951
2,439,903
592,910
1,417,518
1,515,305
1,593,079
2,438,635
1,592,276
North
Dakota
...............................
18,853
36,380
37,350
45,261
15,860
31,776
32,912
40,600
48,441
43,707
Ohio
............................................
976,303
1,807,756
1,905,659
2,028,849
833,879
1,586,086
1,673,414
1,782,573
2,051,600
1,802,592
Oklahoma
....................................
178,905
286,118
298,275
326,381
149,565
248,299
263,719
287,192
326,548
287,148
Oregon
........................................
171,604
334,424
365,448
389,397
149,289
299,529
327,566
347,864
403,937
361,277
Pennsylvania
...............................
3,155,505
6,008,469
6,246,550
6,523,828
2,033,015
4,115,506
4,386,385
4,760,938
6,479,714
4,769,807
Rhode
Island
...............................
315,651
636,510
667,901
706,781
261,616
545,057
575,255
604,862
706,781
604,862
South
Carolina
............................
196,271
318,200
333,278
357,255
154,496
268,292
282,443
305,051
357,255
305,051
South
Dakota
..............................
51,675
66,315
69,866
73,495
44,726
59,358
62,863
65,923
74,217
66,632
Tennessee
..................................
686,514
1,352,769
1,410,990
1,526,247
440,308
894,506
955,718
1,030,665
1,519,687
1,025,044
Texas
..........................................
993,824
1,833,288
1,955,975
2,062,693
855,445
1,653,269
1,764,618
1,863,376
2,076,444
1,878,356
Utah
............................................
183,060
458,878
492,298
527,193
110,880
317,681
333,683
352,033
533,283
358,123
Vermont
......................................
150,689
269,666
288,223
305,294
126,299
232,565
250,310
264,387
310,422
269,514
Virginia
........................................
387,455
807,849
874,960
895,065
313,055
702,430
766,327
785,505
900,487
792,130
Washington
.................................
227,211
475,565
513,782
541,014
189,575
413,941
448,823
473,884
547,539
480,329
West
Virginia
...............................
73,716
143,742
172,925
173,764
60,900
126,231
153,757
154,858
179,167
160,159
Wisconsin
....................................
373,533
775,629
827,317
891,492
326,254
701,051
746,036
805,252
891,492
805,252
Wyoming
.....................................
 
12,788
11,142
13,044
 
10,426
9,219
10,838
13,044
10,838
Outlying
areas
........................
198,653
337,721
360,203
371,434
189,080
320,304
343,782
355,818
379,447
363,814
Puerto
Rico
.................................
198,653
337,721
360,203
371,434
189,080
320,304
343,782
355,818
379,447
363,814
1
Preliminary
data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
pariticipate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
2
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
375
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
350.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
and
educational
and
general
expenditures
of
private
nonprofit
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
state:
1985
 
86
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

State
Current­
fund
expenditures
Educational
and
general
expenditures
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
.........................
$
33,796,683
$
52,079,906
$
62,702,212
$
66,122,565
$
69,102,394
$
24,738,587
$
38,769,871
$
47,600,834
$
50,662,377
$
53,540,243
Alabama
......................................
178,766
239,264
295,574
305,267
325,421
156,267
207,496
260,722
268,310
287,587
Alaska
.........................................
10,171
20,217
19,000
15,935
15,825
9,106
17,465
13,945
11,741
12,178
Arizona
........................................
29,714
55,142
68,051
73,978
79,145
25,426
48,149
62,256
67,250
72,212
Arkansas
.....................................
66,123
105,495
127,431
140,758
148,871
51,883
86,400
106,175
118,323
125,776
California
.....................................
3,603,948
5,471,945
6,244,725
6,664,795
7,045,087
2,239,751
3,435,708
4,195,856
4,458,381
4,701,163
Colorado
.....................................
149,800
228,407
272,360
281,927
306,164
132,057
201,333
243,812
254,409
276,668
Connecticut
.................................
833,406
1,289,575
1,522,821
1,604,088
1,698,631
729,820
1,139,410
1,358,776
1,436,899
1,520,554
Delaware
.....................................
29,569
23,875
31,836
32,995
34,192
26,501
21,598
29,040
30,471
31,751
District
of
Columbia
....................
1,302,567
1,944,605
2,359,300
2,502,088
2,542,361
798,756
1,167,674
1,348,642
1,431,299
1,478,935
Florida
.........................................
699,301
1,196,724
1,463,445
1,579,744
1,685,909
530,090
927,485
1,138,697
1,238,143
1,320,668
Georgia
.......................................
678,129
1,179,901
1,629,638
1,737,652
1,837,837
413,148
745,739
1,072,149
1,131,412
1,205,439
Hawaii
.........................................
32,553
42,881
95,803
100,046
112,487
25,323
36,528
76,909
80,510
94,552
Idaho
...........................................
49,768
73,335
92,807
95,706
101,336
37,736
58,068
80,720
83,963
88,645
Illinois
..........................................
2,697,651
3,898,129
4,717,431
5,039,207
4,886,489
1,464,293
2,297,177
2,879,622
3,126,846
3,357,508
Indiana
........................................
516,649
816,342
985,351
1,057,524
1,131,998
413,628
669,802
816,341
880,576
950,855
Iowa
............................................
348,541
526,077
672,105
699,340
724,931
287,079
438,537
569,117
594,104
615,311
Kansas
........................................
105,193
144,471
171,402
180,052
189,318
87,719
124,578
149,127
157,710
166,024
Kentucky
.....................................
164,491
251,560
303,998
322,466
343,696
129,775
205,496
251,021
266,885
287,055
Louisiana
.....................................
352,186
566,331
735,286
619,042
647,591
220,929
366,843
455,750
518,458
515,214
Maine
..........................................
130,626
195,243
231,191
243,003
261,920
103,759
162,712
192,943
203,574
221,447
Maryland
.....................................
895,453
1,460,393
1,728,026
1,795,866
1,870,451
562,025
985,902
1,216,146
1,298,456
1,354,261
Massachusetts
............................
3,539,442
5,332,122
6,110,778
6,410,944
6,778,728
2,813,131
4,270,480
5,116,856
5,425,030
5,721,614
Michigan
......................................
447,436
699,193
826,746
855,969
906,246
384,533
618,422
730,458
759,066
803,848
Minnesota
...................................
514,606
704,159
777,317
835,710
880,488
437,137
600,818
656,286
709,344
747,375
Mississippi
...................................
61,672
97,737
121,959
128,400
138,808
52,869
84,806
107,001
114,038
122,699
Missouri
.......................................
895,639
1,460,670
1,738,375
1,863,299
1,961,954
705,570
1,155,834
1,423,585
1,546,602
1,575,734
Montana
......................................
19,882
33,471
44,193
50,343
56,028
16,269
29,165
38,509
44,086
49,855
Nebraska
.....................................
161,066
243,678
300,276
316,684
333,719
138,929
217,590
268,746
287,419
303,937
Nevada
........................................
2,448
2,991
4,926
5,356
5,981
2,448
2,593
4,293
4,616
5,391
New
Hampshire
..........................
259,187
399,725
476,137
493,772
518,980
225,456
348,112
416,727
431,135
453,866
New
Jersey
.................................
711,478
957,661
1,176,088
1,215,489
1,262,798
537,298
766,929
949,927
988,131
1,027,923
New
Mexico
................................
22,196
22,969
32,874
33,350
34,683
19,678
19,682
27,567
28,714
29,652
New
York
....................................
5,487,876
8,113,252
9,930,462
10,424,477
10,836,610
4,467,861
6,607,801
8,095,536
8,500,357
8,888,821
North
Carolina
.............................
815,258
1,698,373
2,165,209
2,328,865
2,439,035
576,298
1,117,334
1,416,468
1,514,290
1,592,275
North
Dakota
...............................
18,853
27,978
36,380
37,350
45,261
15,860
24,033
31,776
32,912
40,600
Ohio
............................................
924,464
1,441,192
1,755,406
1,850,166
1,973,986
782,760
1,241,939
1,536,893
1,620,912
1,730,980
Oklahoma
....................................
174,542
257,433
270,702
283,509
310,010
145,202
216,368
233,556
248,985
271,900
Oregon
........................................
168,031
271,971
328,798
359,579
385,185
145,976
242,945
294,062
321,865
343,768
Pennsylvania
...............................
3,106,911
4,838,303
5,856,506
6,089,249
6,361,053
1,986,082
3,180,299
3,969,587
4,237,558
4,607,717
Rhode
Island
...............................
315,651
518,425
636,510
667,901
706,781
261,616
437,800
545,057
575,255
604,862
South
Carolina
............................
192,141
315,236
310,486
324,648
347,026
151,123
254,390
260,850
274,049
294,984
South
Dakota
..............................
39,893
52,180
54,663
57,643
59,988
34,212
46,187
48,450
51,477
53,557
Tennessee
..................................
676,815
1,084,292
1,343,820
1,402,160
1,512,404
431,327
694,318
885,665
946,888
1,017,011
Texas
..........................................
986,318
1,492,198
1,781,097
1,900,574
2,004,583
848,799
1,332,293
1,604,014
1,712,398
1,808,955
Utah
............................................
182,127
269,613
449,691
480,990
515,069
109,947
220,023
308,494
322,375
339,908
Vermont
......................................
150,689
266,539
269,666
288,223
305,294
126,299
229,548
232,565
250,310
264,387
Virginia
........................................
384,007
649,347
775,845
848,456
864,606
309,665
559,607
672,359
741,528
756,700
Washington
.................................
225,637
354,262
455,483
492,370
517,804
188,068
302,690
394,923
429,428
452,996
West
Virginia
...............................
71,547
104,122
137,492
167,111
168,229
58,730
89,187
120,423
148,386
149,678
Wisconsin
....................................
366,266
640,901
766,744
818,499
881,396
320,370
514,579
692,432
737,505
795,443
Wyoming
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
........................
189,424
245,693
316,382
337,090
345,802
179,851
231,377
298,995
320,705
330,230
Puerto
Rico
.................................
189,424
245,693
316,382
337,090
345,802
179,851
231,377
298,995
320,705
330,230
1
Preliminary
data.
 
Data
not
reported
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1999.)
376
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
EXPENDITURES
Table
351.
 
Current­
fund
expenditures
per
full­
time­
equivalent
student
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
control
and
type
of
institution
and
purpose
of
expenditure:
1995
 
96
1
Item
Total
Public
Private
All
institutions
Universities
Other
4­
year
2­
year
All
institutions
Universities
Other
4­
year
2­
year
All
institutions
2
Universities
Other
4­
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
current­
fund
expenditures
3
..........
$
18,383
$
32,265
$
18,304
$
7,255
$
15,403
$
25,444
$
17,307
$
7,180
$
27,325
$
52,413
$
19,907
Educational
and
general
expenditures
.........
14,604
24,126
14,676
6,785
12,380
19,700
13,403
6,733
21,275
37,200
16,725
Instruction
.................................................
5,571
8,705
5,466
3,185
4,978
6,946
5,486
3,240
7,348
13,902
5,435
Research
..................................................
1,695
4,863
1,093
8
1,558
4,292
1,351
8
2,107
6,551
678
Public
service
...........................................
682
1,447
621
151
686
1,611
619
158
669
960
623
Academic
support
.....................................
1,288
2,182
1,280
576
1,160
1,865
1,314
563
1,671
3,118
1,224
Libraries
................................................
416
747
414
151
346
593
389
149
625
1,201
455
Student
services
.......................................
923
907
1,054
744
748
742
780
722
1,446
1,396
1,494
Institutional
support
..................................
1,756
2,015
2,082
1,071
1,379
1,417
1,713
1,038
2,886
3,782
2,675
Operation
and
maintenance
of
plant
........
1,186
1,663
1,250
706
1,031
1,357
1,170
691
1,650
2,567
1,379
Scholarships
and
fellowships
...................
1,271
1,948
1,564
296
656
1,168
727
261
3,118
4,252
2,910
From
unrestricted
funds
........................
794
1,280
1,026
62
317
689
349
49
2,226
3,026
2,116
From
restricted
funds
4
..........................
477
668
538
234
339
479
379
212
892
1,226
794
Mandatory
transfers
.................................
232
395
267
50
183
302
242
51
380
672
306
1
Preliminary
data.

2
Includes
private
2­
year
colleges.

3
Includes
expenditures
for
auxiliary
enterprises,
hospitals,
and
independent
operations
which
are
not
shown
separately.

4
Excludes
Pell
Grants.
NOTE.
 
Data
for
private
2­
year
colleges
are
not
shown
separately
because
of
low
survey
response
rate.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
and
``
Finance
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)

Table
352.
 
Additions
to
physical
plant
value
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
by
type
of
addition
and
control
of
institution:
1969
 
70
to
1995
 
96
[
In
millions]

Year
Total,
all
institutions
Public
institutions
Private
institutions
Total
Land
Buildings
Equipment
Total
Land
Buildings
Equipment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1969
 
70
..............................................
$
4,233
$
2,985
$
152
$
2,185
$
648
$
1,248
$
59
$
967
$
221
1970
 
71
..............................................
4,165
3,032
128
2,241
663
1,134
41
895
198
1971
 
72
..............................................
4,163
3,054
112
2,277
665
1,109
53
860
195
1972
 
73
..............................................
3,967
2,940
126
2,077
737
1,028
53
750
225
1973
 
74
..............................................
4,312
3,206
205
2,188
813
1,106
55
816
235
1974
 
75
..............................................
4,761
3,476
263
2,246
967
1,284
67
860
357
1975
 
76
..............................................
4,702
3,552
168
2,365
1,019
1,150
58
768
325
1976
 
77
..............................................
4,623
3,362
128
2,208
1,026
1,261
58
838
366
1977
 
78
..............................................
4,527
3,306
102
2,117
1,087
1,221
45
777
400
1978
 
79
..............................................
4,576
3,377
154
1,944
1,279
1,199
52
763
383
1979
 
80
..............................................
5,551
3,666
164
2,149
1,354
1,886
98
1,220
568
1980
 
81
..............................................
6,471
4,279
146
2,555
1,579
2,192
104
1,398
690
1981
 
82
..............................................
6,975
4,594
170
2,679
1,744
2,382
83
1,488
811
1982
 
83
..............................................
7,421
4,765
374
2,396
1,994
2,656
106
1,666
884
1983
 
84
..............................................
7,604
5,038
196
2,427
2,415
2,566
110
1,507
950
1984
 
85
..............................................
8,306
5,390
202
2,455
2,733
2,916
135
1,671
1,110
1985
 
86
..............................................
10,149
6,875
237
3,318
3,320
3,274
128
1,922
1,225
1986
 
87
..............................................
10,675
6,899
313
3,235
3,351
3,776
160
2,408
1,208
1987
 
88
..............................................
11,589
7,218
272
3,520
3,426
4,371
250
2,715
1,406
1988
 
89
..............................................
13,638
8,162
562
3,845
3,756
5,477
243
3,401
1,833
1989
 
90
..............................................
15,900
10,616
532
5,438
4,647
5,284
408
3,277
1,599
1990
 
91
..............................................
17,634
11,472
449
6,168
4,855
6,162
448
3,799
1,914
1991
 
92
..............................................
15,543
9,820
412
5,272
4,136
5,723
380
3,419
1,925
1992
 
93
..............................................
16,494
10,599
336
5,982
4,281
5,895
491
3,458
1,946
1993
 
94
..............................................
16,379
10,263
361
5,582
4,320
6,116
259
3,840
2,017
1994
 
95
..............................................
18,556
12,129
448
7,079
4,603
6,427
277
3,994
2,156
1995
 
96
1
............................................
20,873
13,228
428
7,658
5,141
7,645
356
4,897
2,392
1
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
377
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
PROPERTY
Table
353.
 
Value
of
property
and
liabilities
of
institutions
of
higher
education:
1899
 
1900
to
1995
 
96
[
In
thousands]

Academic
year
Property
value
at
end
of
year
Endowment
(
end
of
year
market
value)
1
Liabilities
of
plant
funds
Total
Physical
plant
value
Endowment
(
book
value)
1
Total
Land
Buildings
Equipment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1899
 
1900
.............................
$
448,597
$
253,599
 
 
 
2
$
194,998
 
 
1909
 
10
.................................
781,255
457,594
$
92,359
$
297,153
$
68,082
2
323,661
 
 
1919
 
20
.................................
1,316,404
747,333
128,922
495,920
122,491
2
569,071
 
 
1929
 
30
.................................
3,437,117
2,065,049
304,114
1,490,014
270,921
2
1,372,068
 
 
1935
 
36
.................................
3,913,028
2,359,418
334,085
1,636,722
388,611
2
1,553,610
 
 
1937
 
38
.................................
4,208,695
2,556,075
313,665
1,811,309
431,101
1,652,620
 
 
1939
 
40
.................................
4,440,063
2,753,780
 
 
 
1,686,283
 
 
1941
 
42
.................................
4,525,925
2,759,261
 
 
 
2
1,766,664
 
 
1947
 
48
.................................
6,076,212
3,691,725
 
 
 
2,384,487
 
 
1949
 
50
.................................
7,401,187
4,799,964
 
 
 
2
2,601,223
 
 
1951
 
52
.................................
9,241,725
6,373,195
 
 
 
2,868,530
 
 
1953
 
54
.................................
10,717,082
7,523,193
 
 
 
3,193,889
 
 
1955
 
56
.................................
12,561,046
8,858,907
624,467
3
6,697,648
1,536,792
3,702,139
 
$
894,383
1957
 
58
.................................
15,770,197
11,124,489
733,182
3
8,540,429
1,850,878
4,645,708
 
1,444,602
1959
 
60
.................................
18,870,628
13,548,548
842,664
3
10,472,478
2,233,407
5,322,080
 
1,964,306
1961
 
62
.................................
22,761,193
16,681,844
1,009,294
3
12,900,093
2,772,457
6,079,349
 
2,806,868
1963
 
64
.................................
28,232,362
21,279,346
1,292,691
3
16,460,867
3,525,788
6,953,016
 
4,190,189
1965
 
66
.................................
35,274,597
26,851,273
1,758,901
3
20,653,028
4,439,344
8,423,324
$
11,126,831
6,071,750
1967
 
68
.................................
 
34,506,348
2,062,545
3
26,673,826
5,769,977
 
 
 
1969
 
70
.................................
52,930,923
42,093,580
3,076,751
31,865,179
7,151,649
10,837,343
11,206,632
9,384,731
1970
 
71
.................................
57,394,951
46,053,585
3,117,895
35,042,590
7,893,100
11,341,366
13,714,330
9,786,240
1971
 
72
.................................
62,136,459
50,153,251
3,287,326
38,131,339
8,734,586
11,983,208
15,180,934
10,291,095
1972
 
73
.................................
66,814,103
53,814,596
3,492,611
40,808,481
9,513,503
12,999,507
15,099,840
10,823,595
1973
 
74
.................................
71,305,817
58,002,777
3,888,372
43,701,491
10,412,914
13,303,040
13,168,076
11,400,916
1974
 
75
.................................
75,585,674
62,183,078
4,210,901
46,453,642
11,518,536
13,402,596
14,364,545
12,413,420
1975
 
76
.................................
80,300,595
66,348,304
4,345,232
49,349,224
12,653,847
13,952,291
15,488,265
12,687,015
1976
 
77
.................................
85,486,550
70,739,427
4,444,927
52,384,393
13,910,107
14,747,123
16,304,553
13,068,341
1977
 
78
.................................
90,337,044
74,770,804
4,621,071
55,188,603
14,961,131
15,566,240
16,840,129
13,437,861
1978
 
79
.................................
95,442,468
78,637,991
4,824,250
57,563,005
16,250,737
16,804,477
18,158,634
13,712,648
1979
 
80
.................................
102,294,859
83,733,387
5,037,172
60,847,097
17,849,119
18,561,472
20,743,045
14,181,991
1980
 
81
.................................
109,701,242
88,760,567
5,212,453
64,158,017
19,390,097
20,940,675
23,465,001
14,794,669
1981
 
82
.................................
117,601,954
94,516,512
5,402,339
67,794,877
21,319,297
23,085,442
24,415,245
15,487,618
1982
 
83
.................................
127,345,302
100,992,841
5,889,080
71,519,718
23,584,042
26,352,461
32,691,133
16,749,900
1983
 
84
.................................
137,141,741
107,640,113
6,109,746
75,220,765
26,309,602
29,501,629
32,975,610
18,277,315
1984
 
85
.................................
148,163,096
114,763,986
6,236,159
79,133,998
29,393,829
33,399,110
39,916,361
22,105,712
1985
 
86
.................................
160,959,517
122,261,355
6,573,923
82,886,012
32,801,419
38,698,162
50,280,775
25,699,408
1986
 
87
.................................
 
126,426,171
7,165,445
84,838,657
34,422,069
 
56,585,153
 
1987
 
88
.................................
 
139,456,342
8,307,789
92,428,615
38,719,937
 
57,391,814
 
1988
 
89
.................................
 
158,693,085
9,462,095
104,743,145
44,487,845
 
64,155,247
 
1989
 
90
.................................
 
164,635,000
9,968,000
108,609,000
46,058,000
 
67,978,726
 
1990
 
91
.................................
 
178,084,000
10,028,000
117,683,000
50,373,000
 
72,048,579
 
1991
 
92
.................................
 
184,813,238
10,528,395
122,422,566
51,862,277
 
82,534,026
 
1992
 
93
.................................
 
192,760,817
11,006,451
128,436,599
53,317,767
 
92,239,311
 
1993
 
94
.................................
 
199,463,715
11,197,662
133,124,680
55,141,373
 
96,012,591
 
1994
 
95
.................................
 
212,201,113
11,710,436
142,553,837
57,936,840
 
109,706,704
 
1995
 
96
4
...............................
 
220,400,104
11,407,020
150,458,886
58,534,198
 
128,837,030
 
1
Includes
funds
functioning
as
endowment.
2
Includes
annuity
funds.
3
Includes
improvements
to
land
and
equipment.
These
funds
are
included
under
appropriate
categories
after
1967
 
68.
4
Data
are
for
4­
year
and
2­
year
degree­
granting
institutions
that
were
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS),
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
378
HIGHER
EDUCATION:
PROPERTY
Table
354.
 
Endowment
funds
of
the
120
institutions
of
higher
education
with
the
largest
amounts:
Fiscal
year
1996
Institution
Rank
order
1
Market
value
of
endowment,
in
thousands
of
dollars
(
end
of
fiscal
year)
Institution
Rank
order
1
Market
value
of
endowment,
in
thousands
of
dollars
(
end
of
fiscal
year)

1
2
3
1
2
3
United
States
(
all
institutions)
........................................
 
$
128,837,030
120
institutions
with
the
largest
amounts
.......................
 
85,506,186
Harvard
University
(
MA)
.....................................................
1
9,058,923
Wesleyan
University
(
CT)
..................................................
61
383,613
Yale
University
(
CT)
...........................................................
2
4,860,582
Baylor
University
(
TX)
........................................................
62
380,916
University
of
Texas
at
Austin
.............................................
3
4,359,738
Tulane
University
of
Louisiana
..........................................
63
370,723
Stanford
University
(
CA)
....................................................
4
3,691,298
Lafayette
College
(
PA)
.......................................................
64
359,861
Princeton
University
(
NJ)
...................................................
5
2
2,872,865
Rensselaer
Polytechnic
Institute
(
NY)
...............................
65
352,212
Columbia
University
(
NY)
...................................................
6
2,698,929
Purdue
University,
Main
Campus
(
IN)
...............................
66
345,639
University
of
California
System
..........................................
7
2,594,787
Syracuse
University,
Main
Campus
(
NY)
..........................
67
332,540
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
..............................
8
2,493,627
Agnes
Scott
College
(
GA)
.................................................
68
328,698
Washington
University
(
MO)
..............................................
9
2,344,618
Oberlin
College
(
OH)
.........................................................
69
328,291
University
of
Pennsylvania
.................................................
10
2,108,961
Loyola
University
of
Chicago
(
IL)
......................................
70
326,628
Rice
University
(
TX)
...........................................................
11
1,712,577
University
of
Miami
(
FL)
.....................................................
71
310,481
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor
.....................................
12
1,639,285
The
Juilliard
School
(
NY)
...................................................
72
309,627
Northwestern
University
(
IL)
..............................................
13
1,517,852
Cornell
University
Medical
College
(
NY)
...........................
73
308,374
University
of
Notre
Dame
(
IN)
...........................................
14
1,227,256
Tufts
University
(
MA)
.........................................................
74
298,291
Vanderbilt
University
(
TN)
..................................................
15
1,144,784
Carleton
College
(
MN)
.......................................................
75
292,689
Dartmouth
College
(
NH)
....................................................
16
1,142,079
Rochester
Institute
of
Technology
(
NY)
............................
76
292,589
University
of
Southern
California
.......................................
17
1,022,339
Brigham
Young
University
(
UT)
.........................................
77
289,647
University
of
Virginia,
Main
Campus
..................................
18
944,457
Bryn
Mawr
College
(
PA)
....................................................
78
289,512
California
Institute
of
Technology
......................................
19
827,747
University
of
Florida
...........................................................
79
287,843
University
of
Rochester
(
NY)
.............................................
20
811,507
University
of
Texas,
Southwest
Medical
Center
................
80
278,217
New
York
University
...........................................................
21
806,233
Bowdoin
College
(
ME)
.......................................................
81
276,486
Brown
University
(
RI)
.........................................................
22
789,699
Mount
Sinai
School
of
Medicine
(
NY)
...............................
82
272,153
Rockefeller
University
(
NY)
................................................
23
699,928
University
of
South
Alabama
.............................................
83
269,921
University
of
North
Carolina
at
Chapel
Hill
........................
24
641,934
Mount
Holyoke
College
(
MA)
.............................................
84
258,726
Ohio
State
University,
Main
Campus
.................................
25
640,640
Colgate
University
(
NY)
.....................................................
85
248,381
Swarthmore
College
(
PA)
..................................................
26
623,981
Thomas
Jefferson
University
(
PA)
.....................................
86
247,874
University
of
Washington
...................................................
27
613,981
Trinity
College
(
CT)
............................................................
87
246,972
Princeton
Theological
Seminary
(
NJ)
................................
28
608,752
Hamilton
College
(
NY)
.......................................................
88
246,934
Wellesley
College
(
MA)
......................................................
29
605,509
Rush
University
(
IL)
...........................................................
89
246,493
Texas
Christian
University
.................................................
30
602,727
Virginia
Polytechnic
Institute
and
State
University
............
90
244,900
Boston
College
(
MA)
..........................................................
31
591,609
Brandeis
University
(
MA)
...................................................
91
234,751
Southern
Methodist
University
(
TX)
...................................
32
589,163
University
of
Tennessee
(
Central
office)
...........................
92
234,279
University
of
Delaware
.......................................................
33
583,249
University
of
Louisville
(
KY)
...............................................
93
233,020
Smith
College
(
MA)
............................................................
34
583,163
Rutgers,
The
State
University,
Central
Office
(
NJ)
...........
94
232,679
Grinnell
College
(
IA)
...........................................................
35
573,157
Cornell
University,
Statutory
Colleges
(
NY)
......................
95
231,656
Williams
College
(
MA)
........................................................
36
561,148
College
of
the
Holy
Cross
(
MA)
.........................................
96
228,416
University
of
Richmond
(
VA)
..............................................
37
550,166
Loyola
University
in
New
Orleans
(
LA)
.............................
97
227,702
University
of
Cincinnati,
Main
Campus
(
OH)
.....................
38
549,193
Santa
Clara
University
(
CA)
..............................................
98
225,736
Baylor
College
of
Medicine
(
TX)
........................................
39
548,387
University
of
Wisconsin,
Madison
......................................
99
213,606
Washington
and
Lee
University
(
VA)
.................................
40
532,803
Colorado
College
...............................................................
100
213,504
Carnegie
Mellon
University
(
PA)
........................................
41
524,305
Denison
University
(
OH)
....................................................
101
211,888
University
of
Pittsburgh,
Main
Campus
(
PA)
.....................
42
509,716
North
Carolina
State
University
at
Raleigh
........................
102
208,927
Macalester
College
(
MN)
...................................................
43
507,822
Southwestern
University
(
TX)
............................................
103
208,524
George
Washington
University
(
DC)
.................................
44
497,138
Depauw
University
(
IN)
......................................................
104
206,379
Pomona
College
(
CA)
........................................................
45
495,413
University
of
Alabama
........................................................
105
206,169
Wake
Forest
University
(
NC)
.............................................
46
474,904
Bucknell
University
(
PA)
....................................................
106
204,458
University
of
Tulsa
(
OK)
.....................................................
47
474,770
University
of
Missouri
at
Columbia
....................................
107
198,911
State
University
of
New
York
(
multiple
campuses)
...........
48
462,422
Regent
University
(
VA)
......................................................
108
198,412
Saint
Louis
University,
Main
Campus
(
MO)
......................
49
448,993
Wabash
College
(
IN)
.........................................................
109
194,881
Georgetown
University
(
DC)
..............................................
50
447,651
State
University
of
New
York
at
Buffalo
............................
110
192,847
Berea
College
(
KY)
............................................................
51
445,787
University
of
New
Mexico,
Main
Campus
..........................
111
192,229
Lehigh
University
(
PA)
.......................................................
52
433,571
Franklin
And
Marshall
College
(
PA)
..................................
112
181,962
Boston
University
(
MA)
......................................................
53
430,466
Occidental
College
(
CA)
....................................................
113
178,162
Pennsylvania
State
University,
Main
Campus
...................
54
426,599
Worcester
Polytechnic
Institute
(
MA)
................................
114
178,037
Middlebury
College
(
VT)
....................................................
55
423,363
Texas
A
&
M
University
.....................................................
115
177,209
Amherst
College
(
MA)
........................................................
56
413,635
University
of
the
South
(
TN)
..............................................
116
175,276
Trinity
University
(
TX)
........................................................
57
412,543
Union
College
(
NY)
............................................................
117
174,391
Vassar
College
(
NY)
..........................................................
58
403,287
Whitman
College
(
WA)
......................................................
118
173,416
University
of
Minnesota,
Twin
Cities
..................................
59
401,318
Reed
College
(
OR)
............................................................
119
172,994
Yeshiva
University
(
NY)
.....................................................
60
394,398
Davidson
College
(
NC)
......................................................
120
172,804
1
Institutions
ranked
by
size
of
endowment.
Excludes
institutions
which
have
not
reported
data
for
1995
 
96.

2
1995
data.
 
Data
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
total.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Finance,
1995
 
96''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
379
POSTSECONDARY:
ADULT
EDUCATION
Table
355.
 
Participation
of
employed
persons,
17
years
old
and
over,
in
adult
education
during
the
previous
12
months,
by
selected
characteristics
of
participants:
1995
Characteristics
of
employed
persons
Employed
persons,
in
thousands
Adult
education
participants
in
thousands
1
Percent
of
adults
participating
Number
of
career
or
job­
related
courses
taken,
in
thousands
Number
of
career
or
job
related
courses
taken,
per
employee
Percent
of
career
or
job­
related
courses
provided
by
businesses
2
Percent
of
career
or
job­
related
courses
paid
for
by
businesses
2
Percent
of
parttime
higher
education
courses
provided
by
businesses
3
Percent
of
parttime
higher
education
courses
paid
for
by
businesses
3
Percent
of
employees
receiving
workrelated
computeraided
instruction
In
any
program
In
parttime
higher
education
In
career
or
job
related
courses
In
apprentice
programs
Other
personal
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
...................................................
117,826
59,734
50.7
8.2
31.1
1.5
22.0
91,408
0.78
49.0
86.5
11.2
43.4
17.0
Sex
Men
.......................................................
63,127
29,346
46.5
7.0
29.0
2.1
17.9
44,151
0.70
46.7
88.1
13.0
49.4
16.0
Women
..................................................
54,699
30,387
55.6
9.7
33.4
0.8
26.8
47,257
0.86
50.9
85.1
9.6
38.3
18.1
Age
17
to
24
years
.......................................
15,104
7,653
50.7
14.2
18.6
4.1
21.8
5,924
0.39
53.8
75.7
8.8
18.7
14.7
25
to
29
years
.......................................
14,207
7,746
54.5
12.5
31.2
2.8
22.2
10,855
0.76
51.3
89.9
10.1
40.6
17.4
30
to
34
years
.......................................
16,291
8,323
51.1
8.9
31.6
1.4
22.8
12,765
0.78
49.7
89.7
11.3
49.2
18.3
35
to
39
years
.......................................
17,595
9,361
53.2
8.4
35.1
1.3
21.8
15,927
0.91
51.8
89.1
11.6
53.6
18.3
40
to
44
years
.......................................
16,049
8,906
55.5
8.0
36.6
1.0
26.0
14,957
0.93
44.9
85.9
13.4
59.7
18.6
45
to
49
years
.......................................
13,743
7,586
55.2
6.3
39.6
0.6
23.0
14,127
1.03
44.8
85.3
9.3
47.8
19.2
50
to
54
years
.......................................
10,408
5,222
50.2
4.9
34.4
0.3
20.9
9,041
0.87
49.2
84.5
19.5
49.3
20.2
55
to
59
years
.......................................
6,698
2,667
39.8
2.3
26.7
0.3
18.0
4,432
0.66
46.8
84.8
 
 
10.3
60
to
64
years
.......................................
4,435
1,394
31.4
0.6
21.1
0.2
15.3
2,175
0.49
58.6
85.5
 
 
10.3
65
and
over
...........................................
3,297
876
26.6
0.3
13.7
0.0
16.3
1,203
0.37
39.7
87.3
 
 
6.7
Racial/
ethnic
group
White,
non­
Hispanic
..............................
92,333
47,967
51.9
8.0
33.2
1.2
22.7
77,096
0.83
47.9
86.8
11.9
45.1
17.5
Black,
non­
Hispanic
..............................
11,577
5,800
50.1
10.5
26.2
2.6
23.1
7,785
0.67
58.4
86.0
9.4
42.6
14.3
Hispanic
.................................................
8,980
3,627
40.4
6.7
18.1
2.3
15.1
3,361
0.37
46.8
82.9
5.8
26.7
14.3
Asian
American/
Pacific
Islander
...........
2,825
1,246
44.1
8.0
25.5
2.8
15.1
1,636
0.58
48.6
87.3
15.2
 
18.1
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
...........
663
329
49.6
13.9
34.0
0.5
25.2
570
0.86
54.6
81.8
 
 
24.4
Highest
level
of
education
completed
Less
than
high
school
diploma
.............
9,635
2,444
25.4
0.8
8.8
1.7
9.4
1,412
0.15
56.6
76.3
 
 
4.9
High
school
diploma
..............................
38,071
14,639
38.5
4.9
20.9
1.9
16.5
17,072
0.45
56.7
91.0
13.9
48.9
11.8
Some
vocational/
technical
....................
3,997
2,078
52.0
7.2
32.3
1.7
23.5
3,258
0.82
45.3
85.9
7.6
 
15.6
Some
college
........................................
23,006
12,868
55.9
14.3
29.9
2.2
25.4
17,039
0.74
53.5
86.3
9.6
31.8
19.8
Associate
degree
..................................
7,591
4,746
62.5
13.3
39.2
1.4
27.7
7,718
1.02
49.7
87.9
13.2
45.2
20.3
Bachelor's
degree
.................................
20,602
12,948
62.8
8.3
44.6
0.6
26.5
24,024
1.17
47.2
86.5
8.3
48.8
22.9
Some
graduate
work
(
or
study)
............
14,924
10,010
67.1
9.9
50.2
0.4
29.6
20,885
1.40
40.3
82.9
11.8
52.6
24.1
No
degree
..........................................
2,770
1,987
71.8
19.7
44.3
0.2
34.8
3,333
1.20
45.6
83.7
11.5
50.0
23.3
Master's
.............................................
8,149
5,456
67.0
9.6
50.5
0.4
30.4
11,704
1.44
41.7
83.9
9.4
55.3
24.7
Doctor's
..............................................
2,060
1,133
55.0
5.0
40.4
0.6
22.4
2,008
0.98
35.5
79.5
 
 
24.4
Professional
.......................................
1,946
1,434
73.7
2.6
67.6
0.8
26.4
3,840
1.97
31.4
79.7
 
 
22.9
Metropolitan
area
Inside
metropolitan
area
89,192
46,911
52.6
8.7
32.4
1.5
22.6
72,388
0.81
48.6
86.3
11.6
41.9
17.7
Inside
central
city
...............................
74,367
39,519
53.1
8.8
33.3
1.5
22.5
62,033
0.83
48.3
86.4
11.1
41.6
18.5
Outside
central
city
............................
14,825
7,392
49.9
8.0
27.9
1.5
23.1
10,355
0.70
50.9
86.0
14.3
43.7
13.8
Outside
metropolitan
area
.....................
28,634
12,823
44.8
6.9
26.9
1.4
20.2
19,020
0.66
50.2
87.2
9.4
49.1
14.7
Occupation
Executive,
administrative,
or
managerial
.......................................................
12,500
7,070
56.6
7.4
42.9
0.4
23.4
15,041
1.20
37.7
90.2
8.7
54.1
27.8
Engineers,
surveyors,
and
architects
....
1,702
1,116
65.6
14.5
44.2
1.1
23.7
1,828
1.07
59.0
94.6
6.1
82.0
25.0
Natural
scientists
and
mathematicians
1,648
1,211
73.5
10.4
59.7
0.0
25.6
2,875
1.75
44.0
94.6
 
 
30.7
Social
scientists
and
workers,
lawyers
2,438
1,873
76.8
11.7
59.5
1.5
32.4
4,307
1.77
35.6
83.1
7.1
31.3
17.5
Teachers,
elementary/
secondary
..........
5,207
4,046
77.7
16.9
53.9
0.2
36.9
7,619
1.46
50.5
76.3
8.3
31.6
18.3
Teachers,
postsecondary
......................
1,175
657
55.9
4.4
41.6
0.0
26.1
1,213
1.03
53.5
79.8
 
 
26.6
Physicians,
dentists,
veterinarians
........
828
590
71.3
1.3
68.6
0.9
18.3
1,656
2.00
32.4
64.7
 
 
20.0
Registered
nurses,
pharmacists
...........
2,143
1,896
88.5
11.2
72.8
0.2
34.6
4,791
2.24
45.6
74.0
9.9
43.8
13.1
Writers,
artists,
entertainers,
and
athletes
....................................................
1,675
829
49.5
8.1
23.4
1.7
28.7
776
0.46
33.3
73.6
 
 
20.2
Health
technologists
and
technicians
...
1,528
1,147
75.1
12.9
50.0
0.0
32.1
2,130
1.39
45.0
76.5
5.2
49.6
15.9
Technologists,
except
health
................
3,283
2,153
65.6
12.9
43.8
0.8
28.3
3,685
1.12
55.8
91.2
9.2
58.0
31.6
Marketing
and
sales
occupations
.........
15,666
7,131
45.5
6.6
25.2
1.1
20.2
8,619
0.55
51.2
86.5
10.2
21.6
19.6
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
.......................................................
20,460
10,727
52.4
9.3
30.8
0.7
24.1
14,064
0.69
52.4
91.5
10.5
46.6
24.0
Service
occupations
..............................
17,355
8,238
47.5
9.0
22.6
1.7
22.7
10,404
0.60
57.0
85.4
12.3
28.8
7.3
Agriculture,
forestry,
and
fishing
...........
1,908
500
26.2
1.8
12.4
0.4
14.8
493
0.26
 
 
 
 
6.6
Mechanics
and
repairers
.......................
4,266
2,129
49.9
7.6
29.1
3.9
16.6
3,109
0.73
57.2
90.7
19.5
60.0
9.8
Construction
and
extractive
occupations
....................................................
5,490
2,093
38.1
4.6
18.6
5.5
18.4
1,832
0.33
48.8
83.8
 
 
5.9
Precision
production
occupations
.........
1,685
754
44.8
5.9
25.6
4.9
16.2
982
0.58
40.8
84.2
 
 
12.0
Production
workers
...............................
8,309
2,515
30.3
5.9
14.8
2.9
10.1
2,203
0.27
58.5
97.9
16.2
57.2
8.1
Transportation,
material
moving
...........
4,488
1,295
28.8
3.8
15.8
1.0
12.1
1,274
0.28
60.6
82.0
 
 
6.0
Handler,
equipment,
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
........................................
1,989
519
26.1
3.1
11.7
2.9
10.3
422
0.21
46.9
70.6
 
 
7.5
Miscellaneous
occupations
...................
2,022
1,194
59.0
8.5
38.8
4.0
22.1
2,088
1.03
51.8
90.4
 
 
20.9
380
POSTSECONDARY:
ADULT
EDUCATION
Table
355.
 
Participation
of
employed
persons,
17
years
old
and
over,
in
adult
education
during
the
previous
12
months,
by
selected
characteristics
of
participants:
1995
 
Continued
Characteristics
of
employed
persons
Employed
persons,
in
thousands
Adult
education
participants
in
thousands
1
Percent
of
adults
participating
Number
of
career
or
job­
related
courses
taken,
in
thousands
Number
of
career
or
job
related
courses
taken,
per
employee
Percent
of
career
or
job­
related
courses
provided
by
businesses
2
Percent
of
career
or
job­
related
courses
paid
for
by
businesses
2
Percent
of
parttime
higher
education
courses
provided
by
businesses
3
Percent
of
parttime
higher
education
courses
paid
for
by
businesses
3
Percent
of
employees
receiving
workrelated
computeraided
instruction
In
any
program
In
parttime
higher
education
In
career
or
job
related
courses
In
apprentice
programs
Other
personal
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Annual
family
income
$
10,000
or
less
.....................................
9,776
3,224
33.0
6.1
12.6
1.7
15.6
2,441
0.25
50.9
75.2
19.0
18.7
9.2
$
10,001
to
$
15,000
...............................
6,183
2,389
38.6
7.2
15.1
1.6
19.5
2,257
0.37
59.1
82.0
10.0
11.2
10.7
$
15,001
to
$
20,000
...............................
7,321
3,040
41.5
8.0
20.1
2.4
18.2
3,110
0.42
52.8
83.0
7.5
26.0
14.6
$
20,001
to
$
25,000
...............................
7,832
3,164
40.4
7.4
20.4
1.5
19.3
3,785
0.48
53.1
82.9
12.1
28.5
12.6
$
25,001
to
$
30,000
...............................
10,133
4,803
47.4
8.8
24.7
2.1
21.4
5,461
0.54
55.8
86.9
8.4
40.7
14.4
$
30,001
to
$
40,000
...............................
19,617
9,734
49.6
8.9
30.2
1.8
21.9
14,903
0.76
50.2
89.2
12.1
42.9
17.0
$
40,001
to
$
50,000
...............................
15,115
8,127
53.8
8.0
34.7
1.3
22.9
12,430
0.82
48.3
85.3
14.0
55.3
16.8
$
50,001
to
$
75,000
...............................
23,006
13,288
57.8
8.9
40.0
1.1
23.7
23,430
1.02
48.3
86.9
10.2
55.9
20.8
More
than
$
75,000
................................
18,843
11,964
63.5
8.6
45.2
0.9
26.5
23,592
1.25
45.0
87.6
9.2
49.2
22.7
1
Adult
education
is
defined
as
all
education
activities,
except
full­
time
enrollment
in
higher
education
credential
programs.
Examples
of
adult
education
activities
include
part­
time
college
attendance,
classes
or
seminars
given
by
employers,
and
classes
taken
for
adult
literacy
purposes,
or
for
recreation
and
enjoyment.
Includes
adult
basic
education
and
English
as
a
second
language
classes.
2
Percentages
based
on
the
respondent's
reports
of
the
first
six
work­
related
courses
taken.
3
Percentages
based
on
the
respondent's
reports
of
the
first
three
part­
time
higher
education
courses
taken.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
a
sample
survey
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
Because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Household
Education
Survey,
``
Participation
in
Adult
Education,''
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1997.)
381
POSTSECONDARY:
ADULT
EDUCATION
Table
356.
 
Participation
in
adult
education
during
the
previous
12
months
by
adults
17
years
old
and
older,
by
selected
characteristics
of
participants:
1991
and
1995
Characteristics
of
participants
1991
1995
Population
in
thousands
Adult
education
participants
in
thousands
1
Percent
of
adults
participating
Population
in
thousands
Adult
education
participants
in
thousands
1
Percent
of
adults
participating
In
any
program
In
basic
education
In
English
as
a
second
language
In
parttime
higher
education
In
any
program
In
basic
education
In
English
as
a
second
language
In
parttime
higher
education
In
career
or
job
related
courses
In
apprentice
programs
Other
personal
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Total
............................................
181,800
59,924
33.0
2.8
0.8
3.9
189,543
76,261
40.2
1.2
0.7
6.1
20.9
1.1
19.9
Sex
Men
............................................
82,154
26,817
32.6
2.6
0.8
3.5
90,256
34,450
38.2
1.2
0.7
5.6
21.8
1.7
15.8
Women
.......................................
99,646
33,108
33.2
2.9
0.9
4.2
99,287
41,811
42.1
1.2
0.6
6.5
20.2
0.6
23.5
Age
17
to
24
years
............................
21,688
8,197
37.8
7.4
1.9
7.9
22,407
10,539
47.0
4.6
1.4
12.6
14.7
3.2
21.5
25
to
29
years
............................
22,603
9,049
40.0
4.1
1.7
6.7
18,988
9,420
49.6
1.4
1.4
10.9
25.5
2.5
21.0
30
to
34
years
............................
24,641
9,275
37.6
2.9
1.0
5.0
21,338
10,088
47.3
1.1
0.8
8.0
26.1
1.3
23.3
35
to
39
years
............................
21,000
8,839
42.1
2.8
0.9
5.5
22,494
10,737
47.7
1.2
1.0
7.5
29.1
1.3
20.9
40
to
44
years
............................
17,565
8,650
49.2
2.7
0.6
4.4
19,810
10,078
50.9
0.9
0.8
7.1
31.2
0.9
24.9
45
to
49
years
............................
11,303
4,523
40.0
2.0
0.3
3.2
17,463
8,499
48.7
0.6
0.4
5.7
32.5
0.5
21.1
50
to
54
years
............................
14,072
3,767
26.8
1.7
0.6
1.3
14,344
6,093
42.5
0.5
0.1
3.9
26.3
0.3
19.7
55
to
59
years
............................
9,564
2,770
29.0
1.7
0.1
1.0
11,096
3,577
32.2
0.4
0.2
1.7
17.8
0.3
17.3
60
to
64
years
............................
10,403
1,808
17.4
0.6
0.1
0.5
10,728
2,540
23.7
0.1
0.3
0.6
10.6
0.3
15.2
65
to
69
years
............................
9,920
1,409
14.2
0.5
0.0
0.3
10,215
1,850
18.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
4.0
0.0
15.3
70
years
and
over
......................
19,040
1,638
8.6
0.2
0.0
0.1
20,661
2,841
13.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.4
0.0
12.6
Racial/
ethnic
group
White,
non­
Hispanic
...................
143,144
48,843
34.1
2.2
0.2
4.0
144,587
59,982
41.5
0.7
0.1
6.0
22.8
0.9
20.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
...................
20,141
5,207
25.9
4.5
0.6
3.2
20,806
7,704
37.0
2.3
0.1
7.3
16.2
1.6
18.9
Hispanic
.....................................
13,804
4,339
31.4
6.0
6.6
3.6
15,689
5,281
33.7
3.6
5.7
4.8
11.8
1.8
13.8
Asian
American/
Pacific
Islander
2,738
984
35.9
4.1
4.9
6.4
4,377
1,739
39.7
1.9
4.0
6.5
18.1
2.6
15.9
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
997
293
29.3
2.3
4.2
12.5
1,155
448
38.8
3.6
0.0
9.3
20.6
0.9
21.6
Highest
level
of
education
completed
Eighth
grade
or
less
..................
10,163
784
7.7
1.9
1.2
0.0
12,808
1,283
10.0
1.8
2.4
0.1
1.9
0.5
4.9
9th
to
12th
grade,
no
diploma
...
17,581
2,781
15.8
2.9
1.1
0.7
16,511
3,332
20.2
6.7
0.4
0.8
4.9
1.1
9.2
High
school
diploma
..................
67,129
16,194
24.1
2.5
0.6
2.1
62,956
19,341
30.7
1.0
0.7
3.6
13.9
1.3
15.4
Some
vocational/
technical
.........
6,994
2,392
34.2
1.8
0.9
1.3
6,327
2,648
41.9
0.6
0.6
5.4
21.9
1.5
21.1
Some
college
.............................
36,823
15,260
41.4
4.4
1.3
7.7
34,433
16,978
49.3
0.5
0.5
12.1
22.3
1.8
25.3
Associate
degree
.......................
5,034
2,479
49.2
3.7
1.3
7.0
9,975
5,601
56.1
0.4
0.2
10.9
32.1
1.4
27.4
Bachelor's
degree
......................
23,545
12,025
51.1
1.8
0.6
6.0
26,858
15,286
56.9
0.0
0.4
7.1
36.1
0.5
27.0
Some
graduate
work
(
or
study)
14,531
8,009
55.1
2.2
0.6
5.9
19,677
11,792
59.9
0.0
0.8
8.5
40.4
0.4
29.1
No
degree
..............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,123
2,563
62.2
0.0
0.7
15.2
32.5
0.5
33.5
Master's
..................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,522
6,219
59.1
0.0
0.9
8.1
41.0
0.4
29.0
Doctor's
..................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,564
1,384
54.0
0.0
0.4
4.7
35.0
0.5
25.1
Professional
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,467
1,626
65.9
0.0
0.9
3.0
56.6
0.6
26.0
Metropolitan
area
Inside
metropolitan
area
............
137,472
47,387
34.5
3.0
0.9
4.3
142,522
59,627
41.8
1.2
0.9
6.5
22.0
1.2
20.3
Inside
central
city
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
118,170
49,996
42.3
1.3
1.0
6.7
22.7
1.2
20.2
Outside
central
city
................
 
 
 
 
 
 
24,352
9,630
39.5
1.1
0.5
5.6
18.4
1.0
21.1
Outside
metropolitan
area
.........
44,328
12,537
28.3
2.2
0.5
2.7
47,021
16,634
35.4
1.0
0.1
4.9
17.9
1.0
18.5
Labor
force
status
In
labor
force
..............................
125,439
51,068
40.7
3.4
0.9
5.1
125,982
62,717
49.8
1.3
0.6
8.1
29.8
1.5
21.7
Employed
...............................
115,620
48,512
42.0
3.3
0.8
5.2
117,826
59,734
50.7
1.1
0.5
8.2
31.1
1.5
22.0
Unemployed
...........................
9,820
2,556
26.0
4.7
2.3
3.9
8,155
2,983
36.6
5.0
2.3
5.5
11.1
2.3
17.4
Not
in
labor
force
.......................
56,361
8,856
15.7
1.4
0.6
1.2
63,562
13,544
21.3
0.9
0.8
2.2
3.4
0.3
16.2
Occupation
Executive,
administrative,
or
managerial
...............................
14,092
6,949
49.3
2.5
0.2
5.8
13,098
7,313
55.8
0.0
0.0
7.3
42.1
0.4
23.1
Engineers,
surveyors,
and
architects
.................................
2,820
1,765
62.6
3.2
0.4
6.2
1,756
1,150
65.5
0.0
1.0
14.1
44.6
1.0
23.3
Natural
scientists
and
mathematicians
.......................
1,009
487
48.2
0.3
0.3
5.7
1,743
1,261
72.3
0.0
0.2
9.9
58.6
0.0
24.8
Social
scientists
and
workers,
lawyers
....................................
3,206
1,781
55.6
1.2
0.1
4.4
2,530
1,938
76.6
0.0
0.2
11.5
59.4
1.5
32.3
Teachers,
elementary
and
secondary
................................
7,824
4,305
55.0
5.0
1.0
11.1
5,414
4,155
76.7
0.0
0.0
16.6
52.4
0.2
36.9
Teachers,
postsecondary
..........
1,247
568
45.5
1.5
0.5
9.4
1,254
687
54.8
0.0
0.3
4.1
40.8
0.0
26.0
Physicians,
dentists,
veterinarians
..........................................
1,045
701
67.1
0.8
1.1
1.3
859
611
71.1
0.0
0.0
1.2
67.1
0.8
19.0
Registered
nurses,
pharmacists
4,692
2,798
59.6
2.5
0.9
6.9
2,337
2,026
86.7
0.1
0.1
10.6
71.3
0.2
33.6
Writers,
artists,
entertainers,
and
athletes
....................................
3,459
1,485
42.9
1.5
0.2
4.0
1,874
934
49.9
0.1
0.6
7.7
23.1
1.5
30.0
Health
technologists
and
technicians
........................................
1,233
846
68.6
5.9
2.9
6.6
1,697
1,270
74.8
0.0
0.5
12.8
47.5
0.0
33.0
Technologists,
except
health
.....
2,225
1,232
55.4
4.5
0.7
6.4
3,543
2,279
64.3
0.3
0.1
13.5
41.3
0.8
28.7
Marketing
and
sales
occupations
.........................................
18,787
6,470
34.4
2.3
0.6
3.1
18,174
8,038
44.2
1.1
0.4
6.8
23.2
1.0
20.4
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
.....................................
32,321
9,662
29.9
2.5
0.4
4.6
22,968
11,867
51.7
1.0
0.3
9.5
28.9
0.7
24.7
Service
occupations
...................
25,386
6,409
25.2
3.8
1.1
3.4
20,072
9,342
46.5
2.4
0.9
9.0
20.9
1.6
22.8
Agriculture,
forestry,
and
fishing
4,800
686
14.3
0.6
0.4
0.7
2,336
616
26.4
0.4
0.5
1.6
11.5
0.3
15.6
Mechanics
and
repairers
...........
6,744
2,165
32.1
3.1
0.4
2.5
4,692
2,231
47.6
2.1
0.6
7.1
27.7
4.5
15.6
Construction
and
extractive
occupations
.................................
6,201
1,360
21.9
3.2
1.0
1.6
6,100
2,319
38.0
1.2
0.8
4.3
17.6
5.8
18.0
Precision
production
occupations
.........................................
3,690
1,152
31.2
3.3
1.8
4.3
1,875
807
43.0
1.5
2.2
5.5
23.2
4.8
16.1
382
POSTSECONDARY:
ADULT
EDUCATION
Table
356.
 
Participation
in
adult
education
during
the
previous
12
months
by
adults
17
years
old
and
older,
by
selected
characteristics
of
participants:
1991
and
1995
 
Continued
Characteristics
of
participants
1991
1995
Population
in
thousands
Adult
education
participants
in
thousands
1
Percent
of
adults
participating
Population
in
thousands
Adult
education
participants
in
thousands
1
Percent
of
adults
participating
In
any
program
In
basic
education
In
English
as
a
second
language
In
parttime
higher
education
In
any
program
In
basic
education
In
English
as
a
second
language
In
parttime
higher
education
In
career
or
job
related
courses
In
apprentice
programs
Other
personal
courses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Production
workers
....................
14,368
3,029
21.1
2.9
1.2
1.6
9,483
2,908
30.7
2.5
1.1
5.8
14.7
2.8
10.7
Transportation,
material
moving
5,655
1,173
20.7
1.6
0.2
1.0
5,311
1,507
28.4
1.9
0.1
3.5
15.5
0.9
11.9
Handler,
equipment,
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
..............
5,069
1,056
20.8
3.7
2.0
2.2
2,456
617
25.1
2.7
0.7
3.1
11.1
3.3
9.7
Miscellaneous
occupations
........
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,311
1,308
56.6
0.5
1.5
7.9
35.4
4.0
22.6
Annual
family
income
$
5,000
or
less
............................
10,227
1,394
13.6
3.8
2.0
1.2
12,638
2,689
21.3
3.1
1.7
3.3
4.1
1.1
11.8
$
5,001
to
$
10,000
.....................
17,277
3,024
17.5
2.3
0.8
2.2
17,560
4,194
23.9
2.5
1.5
4.0
6.7
1.0
13.2
$
10,001
to
$
15,000
....................
15,465
3,521
22.8
2.4
1.1
2.7
13,523
3,610
26.7
2.0
0.8
4.0
8.7
1.1
14.8
$
15,001
to
$
20,000
....................
16,117
3,525
21.9
2.7
1.2
3.1
13,116
4,176
31.8
1.3
1.1
5.4
13.0
1.5
15.8
$
20,001
to
$
25,000
....................
16,092
4,294
26.7
2.5
1.2
3.3
13,812
4,339
31.4
1.1
0.8
4.8
13.3
1.1
17.0
$
25,001
to
$
30,000
....................
17,973
5,772
32.1
3.4
1.1
4.5
16,386
6,208
37.9
1.2
0.4
6.5
17.1
1.3
19.2
$
30,001
to
$
40,000
....................
26,110
9,288
35.6
3.0
0.6
4.4
28,628
12,220
42.7
0.8
0.4
6.9
22.1
1.4
22.0
$
40,001
to
$
50,000
....................
21,303
9,550
44.8
3.0
0.7
5.4
20,446
9,567
46.8
0.7
0.4
6.8
27.0
1.0
22.4
$
50,001
to
$
75,000
....................
24,540
11,425
46.6
3.0
0.3
5.6
29,161
15,169
52.0
0.4
0.3
7.6
32.8
1.0
23.6
More
than
$
75,000
....................
16,695
8,130
48.7
1.9
0.3
4.0
24,274
14,089
58.0
0.5
0.3
7.7
37.3
0.8
26.8
1
Adult
education
is
defined
as
all
education
activities,
except
full­
time
enrollment
in
higher
education
credential
programs.
Examples
of
adult
education
activities
include
part­
time
college
attendance,
classes
or
seminars
given
by
employers,
and
classes
taken
for
adult
literacy
purposes,
or
for
recreation
and
enjoyment.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
a
sample
survey
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
Because
of
rounding
and
survey
item
nonresponse,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Participation
in
Adult
Education,''
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1997.)
383
POSTSECONDARY:
ADULT
EDUCATION
Table
357.
 
Participants
in
adult
basic
and
secondary
education
programs,
by
level
of
enrollment
and
state:
Fiscal
years
1980,
1990,
and
1995
State
or
other
area
1980
1990
1995
Total
Level
of
enrollment
Total
Level
of
enrollment
Total
Level
of
enrollment
Adult
basic
education
Adult
secondary
education
Ungraded
Adult
basic
education
1
Adult
secondary
education
Adult
basic
education
1
Adult
secondary
education
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
............................
2,018,906
915,936
531,663
571,307
3,535,970
2,435,649
1,100,321
3,875,452
2,948,302
927,150
Alabama
.........................................
51,599
36,726
12,372
2,501
40,177
32,984
7,193
56,488
45,193
11,295
Alaska
............................................
5,667
2,200
2,188
1,279
5,067
4,267
800
7,906
6,203
1,703
Arizona
...........................................
9,996
9,968
22
6
33,805
24,915
8,890
52,656
40,002
12,654
Arkansas
........................................
8,583
7,308
1,275
 
29,065
17,103
11,962
42,457
24,344
18,113
California
........................................
267,625
60,385
 
207,240
1,021,227
753,282
267,945
1,088,044
1,057,257
30,787
Colorado
........................................
9,381
4,295
2,644
2,442
12,183
9,877
2,306
14,851
11,020
3,831
Connecticut
....................................
21,889
8,882
4,805
8,202
46,434
25,560
20,874
26,170
15,766
10,404
Delaware
........................................
1,797
1,110
503
184
2,662
2,348
314
3,884
3,391
493
District
of
Columbia
.......................
25,214
4,928
6,502
13,784
19,586
12,631
6,955
9,138
6,656
2,482
Florida
............................................
467,162
100,958
184,568
181,636
419,429
249,339
170,090
474,651
302,990
171,661
Georgia
..........................................
50,820
26,734
17,008
7,078
69,580
49,622
19,958
92,022
64,079
27,943
Hawaii
............................................
16,457
16,457
 
 
52,012
31,766
20,246
61,664
36,988
24,676
Idaho
..............................................
12,851
8,915
3,010
926
11,171
9,180
1,991
9,828
7,467
2,361
Illinois
.............................................
76,456
59,314
17,142
 
87,121
69,770
17,351
94,808
80,122
14,686
Indiana
...........................................
20,882
18,127
2,660
95
44,166
27,138
17,028
38,102
26,170
11,932
Iowa
...............................................
25,851
16,928
5,153
3,770
41,507
30,470
11,037
40,510
28,961
11,549
Kansas
...........................................
14,405
3,687
7,436
3,282
10,274
9,191
1,083
13,762
10,679
3,083
Kentucky
........................................
27,800
6,147
4,735
16,918
28,090
20,406
7,684
30,352
23,207
7,145
Louisiana
.......................................
16,046
12,608
2,485
953
40,039
20,941
19,098
46,087
24,663
21,424
Maine
.............................................
5,327
3,029
942
1,356
14,964
6,620
8,344
15,687
7,050
8,637
Maryland
........................................
34,572
23,421
6,043
5,108
41,230
36,244
4,986
30,677
21,692
8,985
Massachusetts
...............................
20,420
10,241
5,044
5,135
34,220
28,140
6,080
15,014
11,828
3,186
Michigan
........................................
40,973
29,945
 
11,028
194,178
80,206
113,972
164,075
69,014
95,061
Minnesota
......................................
10,826
8,627
877
1,322
45,648
33,190
12,458
36,350
26,556
9,794
Mississippi
.....................................
14,317
10,340
2,918
1,059
18,957
15,834
3,123
22,857
17,660
5,197
Missouri
.........................................
33,292
27,206
3,732
2,354
31,815
27,274
4,541
34,804
29,882
4,922
Montana
.........................................
3,525
1,795
978
752
6,071
3,962
2,109
6,545
4,044
2,501
Nebraska
.......................................
7,514
5,152
2,362
 
6,158
5,349
809
7,616
6,974
642
Nevada
..........................................
3,063
845
82
2,136
17,262
7,270
9,992
16,359
4,556
11,803
New
Hampshire
.............................
4,844
2,657
1,625
562
7,198
5,073
2,125
6,223
3,309
2,914
New
Jersey
....................................
35,770
17,152
6,790
11,828
64,080
46,526
17,554
37,500
29,410
8,090
New
Mexico
...................................
13,102
3,590
5,147
4,365
30,236
18,069
12,167
35,080
20,628
14,452
New
York
.......................................
94,574
57,217
20,002
17,355
156,611
125,893
30,718
209,390
165,892
43,498
North
Carolina
...............................
84,252
33,854
46,679
3,719
109,740
71,698
38,042
120,945
83,673
37,272
North
Dakota
.................................
2,810
1,963
538
309
3,587
2,500
1,087
3,270
2,329
941
Ohio
...............................................
50,056
42,421
7,635
 
95,476
79,527
15,949
110,305
91,221
19,084
Oklahoma
......................................
14,701
6,983
5,697
2,021
24,307
19,131
5,176
32,778
26,621
6,157
Oregon
...........................................
27,645
10,690
12,594
4,361
37,075
24,915
12,160
40,800
22,875
17,925
Pennsylvania
.................................
29,477
19,246
6,436
3,795
52,444
40,108
12,336
52,176
37,497
14,679
Rhode
Island
.................................
5,844
2,266
1,357
2,221
7,347
5,874
1,473
6,182
4,829
1,353
South
Carolina
...............................
69,659
27,959
35,165
6,535
81,200
37,117
44,083
108,041
46,644
61,397
South
Dakota
.................................
4,067
2,080
1,109
878
3,184
2,458
726
4,518
3,624
894
Tennessee
.....................................
26,268
17,079
3,244
5,945
41,721
39,604
2,117
51,054
39,019
12,035
Texas
.............................................
157,349
94,245
51,126
11,978
218,747
145,067
73,680
207,921
159,983
47,938
Utah
...............................................
18,541
3,756
14,785
 
24,841
6,003
18,838
30,302
11,147
19,155
Vermont
.........................................
4,583
3,990
 
593
4,808
4,452
356
4,800
4,434
366
Virginia
...........................................
21,525
10,480
3,804
7,241
31,649
30,005
1,644
33,786
24,920
8,866
Washington
....................................
16,286
7,245
3,894
5,147
31,776
25,336
6,440
44,728
39,061
5,667
West
Virginia
.................................
14,628
9,743
3,672
1,213
21,186
14,227
2
6,959
26,232
18,912
7,320
Wisconsin
......................................
16,158
14,185
1,973
 
61,081
45,116
15,965
78,544
60,162
18,382
Wyoming
........................................
2,457
857
905
695
3,578
2,071
2
1,507
4,370
2,912
1,458
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
...........................
313
252
61
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Northern
Marianas
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
430
246
184
Guam
.............................................
1,346
612
471
263
1,311
414
2
897
2,034
632
1,402
Puerto
Rico
....................................
30,164
17,844
9,010
3,310
28,436
28,436
 
68,394
32,943
35,451
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
..........
3,753
2,138
699
916
 
 
 
 
 
 
Virgin
Islands
.................................
3,500
1,002
859
1,639
1,653
1,215
438
2,285
965
1,320
1
Includes
English
as
a
second
language.

2
Estimated.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Women
and
Minority
Groups
Make
Up
Largest
Segment
of
Adult
Basic
and
Secondary
Education
Programs;''
Office
of
Vocational
and
Adult
Education,
``
Adult
Education
Program
Facts,
Program
Year
1990
 
1991''
and
Division
of
Adult
Education
and
Literacy,
``
Adult
Education
Program
Facts,
Program
Year
1995
 
96.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997).
384
POSTSECONDARY:
INSTITUTIONS
Table
358.
 
Number
of
noncollegiate
institutions
offering
postsecondary
education,
by
control
and
state:
1993
 
94,
1994
 
95,
and
1995
 
96
State
or
other
area
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
Total
Public
Private
Total
Nonprofit
Proprietary
Total
Nonprofit
Proprietary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
United
States
.....................
6,737
527
6,210
6,558
538
6,020
1,214
4,806
6,256
534
5,722
1,171
4,551
Alabama
.................................
76
10
66
71
8
63
8
55
63
7
56
7
49
Alaska
.....................................
32
3
29
31
3
28
5
23
31
3
28
5
23
Arizona
...................................
125
4
121
124
4
120
16
104
113
4
109
16
93
Arkansas
.................................
82
20
62
76
19
57
9
48
69
16
53
8
45
California
................................
1,126
32
1,094
1,041
35
1,006
230
776
997
35
962
225
737
Colorado
.................................
138
8
130
146
8
138
21
117
143
6
137
22
115
Connecticut
.............................
100
1
99
105
1
104
21
83
97
2
95
20
75
Delaware
................................
15
1
14
14
1
13
2
11
12
1
11
2
9
District
of
Columbia
................
24
1
23
21
1
20
9
11
19
1
18
8
10
Florida
.....................................
341
40
301
339
40
299
56
243
333
39
294
54
240
Georgia
...................................
102
4
98
104
4
100
15
85
101
5
96
16
80
Hawaii
.....................................
29
1
28
26
1
25
4
21
22
1
21
3
18
Idaho
.......................................
26
1
25
25
1
24
1
23
24
1
23
1
22
Illinois
......................................
304
12
292
285
11
274
56
218
264
10
254
56
198
Indiana
....................................
117
8
109
114
7
107
13
94
108
8
100
14
86
Iowa
........................................
72
0
72
66
0
66
17
49
62
0
62
16
46
Kansas
....................................
62
14
48
62
13
49
11
38
53
10
43
7
36
Kentucky
.................................
112
21
91
113
22
91
7
84
105
23
82
6
76
Louisiana
................................
165
49
116
150
49
101
9
92
141
51
90
9
81
Maine
......................................
21
0
21
23
0
23
8
15
24
1
23
8
15
Maryland
.................................
135
0
135
122
0
122
21
101
112
0
112
20
92
Massachusetts
........................
159
13
146
162
12
150
44
106
160
12
148
42
106
Michigan
.................................
247
6
241
282
6
276
44
232
264
6
258
43
215
Minnesota
...............................
89
14
75
88
5
83
18
65
79
4
75
16
59
Mississippi
..............................
52
0
52
49
0
49
4
45
38
0
38
3
35
Missouri
..................................
168
30
138
170
31
139
25
114
159
31
128
24
104
Montana
..................................
45
5
40
43
4
39
9
30
36
0
36
8
28
Nebraska
................................
50
0
50
51
0
51
8
43
50
0
50
8
42
Nevada
...................................
46
0
46
47
0
47
1
46
57
0
57
1
56
New
Hampshire
......................
25
0
25
22
0
22
2
20
18
0
18
2
16
New
Jersey
.............................
176
10
166
166
10
156
37
119
161
12
149
33
116
New
Mexico
............................
46
3
43
45
4
41
6
35
38
3
35
6
29
New
York
................................
353
15
338
337
26
311
118
193
343
31
312
115
197
North
Carolina
........................
81
4
77
81
4
77
8
69
74
4
70
7
63
North
Dakota
..........................
19
0
19
19
0
19
6
13
17
0
17
5
12
Ohio
........................................
312
52
260
303
54
249
60
189
290
55
235
56
179
Oklahoma
...............................
95
34
61
111
33
78
5
73
108
33
75
4
71
Oregon
....................................
109
0
109
99
0
99
9
90
94
1
93
11
82
Pennsylvania
..........................
347
19
328
352
30
322
100
222
345
31
314
103
211
Rhode
Island
..........................
28
0
28
28
0
28
9
19
29
0
29
9
20
South
Carolina
........................
60
2
58
56
2
54
11
43
57
1
56
11
45
South
Dakota
..........................
17
5
12
17
5
12
5
7
16
5
11
4
7
Tennessee
..............................
143
30
113
139
29
110
20
90
135
29
106
17
89
Texas
......................................
382
6
376
360
7
353
37
316
350
6
344
38
306
Utah
........................................
43
6
37
42
6
36
2
34
39
5
34
2
32
Vermont
..................................
13
3
10
13
3
10
4
6
10
0
10
4
6
Virginia
....................................
148
11
137
144
11
133
32
101
139
12
127
31
96
Washington
.............................
111
5
106
107
5
102
13
89
104
5
99
12
87
West
Virginia
..........................
70
19
51
73
18
55
14
41
71
19
52
13
39
Wisconsin
...............................
90
4
86
86
5
81
24
57
74
5
69
20
49
Wyoming
.................................
9
1
8
8
0
8
0
8
8
0
8
0
8
Outlying
areas
....................
95
5
90
84
6
78
16
62
84
6
78
14
64
American
Samoa
....................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Guam
......................................
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Northern
Marianas
..................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Palau
......................................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Puerto
Rico
.............................
94
5
89
84
6
78
16
62
84
6
78
14
64
Virgin
Islands
..........................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1996.)
385
CHAPTER
4
Federal
Programs
for
Education
and
Related
Activities
This
chapter
provides
a
summary
of
federal
funds
for
education
to
help
describe
the
magnitude
of
the
federal
fiscal
effort
and
give
some
indication
of
the
scope
and
variety
of
the
education
programs.
Data
in
this
chapter
reflect
outlays
and
obligations
of
federal
agencies.
These
tabulations
differ
from
federal
receipts
reported
in
other
chapters
because
of
numerous
variations
in
the
data
collection
systems.
Federal
dollars
are
not
necessarily
spent
by
recipient
institutions
in
the
same
year
they
are
appropriated.
In
some
cases,
institutions
cannot
identify
the
source
of
federal
revenues
because
they
flow
through
state
agencies.
Some
types
of
revenues,
such
as
tuition
and
fees,
are
reported
as
revenues
from
students
even
though
they
may
be
supported
by
federal
student
aid
programs.
Some
institutions
that
receive
federal
education
funds
are
not
included
in
regular
surveys
conducted
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
Thus,
the
revenue
data
tabulated
in
this
chapter
are
not
comparable
with
figures
reported
in
other
chapters.
Readers
should
be
careful
about
comparing
data
on
obligations
shown
in
some
tables
with
data
on
outlays
and
appropriations
appearing
in
others.
Federal
on­
budget
funding
for
education
showed
sizable
growth
between
fiscal
years
(
FYs)
1965
and
1998,
after
adjustment
for
inflation.
Particularly
large
increases
occurred
between
1965
and
1975.
After
a
period
of
small
increases
between
1975
and
1980,
federal
funding
for
education,
excluding
estimated
federal
tax
expenditures
for
education,
declined
approximately
16
percent
between
1980
and
1985
after
adjustment
for
inflation.
From
1985
to
1998,
federal
on­
budget
funding
for
education
increased
by
30
percent
(
table
359).
During
the
1965
to
1975
period,
after
adjustment
for
inflation,
federal
funds
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
rose
by
210
percent,
postsecondary
education
by
262
percent,
other
education
by
144
percent,
and
by
7
percent
for
research
at
educational
institutions.
Between
1975
and
1980,
federal
funding
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
rose
by
2
percent
and
research
by
14
percent,
but
postsecondary
education
fell
slightly
by
2
percent
and
other
education
fell
by
35
percent.
After
declining
22
percent
between
1980
and
1985,
federal
funding
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
programs
rose
by
47
percent
between
1985
and
1998.
Postsecondary
education
fell
by
25
percent
between
1980
and
1985
then
fell
3
percent
between
1985
and
1998.
Between
1985
and
1998,
other
education
rose
by
66
percent,
and
research
by
31
percent,
after
adjustment
for
inflation
(
table
359).
According
to
FY
1998
estimates,
$
30.7
billion
or
about
41
percent
of
the
$
75.1
billion
spent
by
the
federal
government
on
education
came
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
Large
amounts
of
money
also
came
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
($
13.6
billion),
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
($
10.2
billion),
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor
($
5.0
billion),
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
($
3.6
billion),
and
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Energy
($
3.2
billion)
(
table
360).
Fiscal
year
1998
estimates
call
for
federal
program
funds
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
to
be
$
36.8
billion;
for
postsecondary
education,
$
16.0
billion
for
research
at
universities
and
related
institutions
$
17.1
billion;
and
for
other
programs,
$
5.2
billion
(
table
361).
Almost
58
percent
of
total
federal
education
support
excluding
estimated
federal
tax
expenditures,
went
to
educational
institutions
in
FY
1998.
Another
20
percent
was
used
for
student
support.
Banks
and
other
lending
agencies
received
9
percent,
and
all
other
recipients,
including
libraries,
museums,
and
federal
institutions,
received
14
percent
(
table
362).
Between
FYs
1990
and
1998,
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
obligations
rose
73
percent,
after
adjustment
for
inflation.
Funds
for
student
financial
assistance
increased
by
$
19.9
billion
in
1998,
a
rise
of
123
percent
since
1990.
Funds
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
were
an
estimated
$
11.3
billion
in
1998,
an
increase
of
26
percent
since
1990,
after
adjustment
for
inflation.
Funds
for
the
handicapped
increased
by
75
percent,
to
$
7.6
billion,
and
funds
for
vocational
and
adult
education
increased
9
percent,
after
adjustment
for
inflation
(
tables
38
and
363).
Of
the
$
30.7
billion
spent
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
in
FY
1998,
about
$
11.5
billion
went
to
school
districts,
$
6.0
billion
to
institutions
of
higher
education,
$
5.5
billion
to
college
students,
and
$
3.7
billion
to
state
education
agencies.
A
portion
of
the
remaining
$
4.0
billion
went
to
banks
to
subsidize
student
loans
(
table
364).
386
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
*
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
as
established
in
1867
was
later
known
as
the
Office
of
Education.
In
1980,
under
Public
Law
96
 
88,
it
became
a
cabinet­
level
department.
Therefore,
for
purposes
of
consistency,
it
is
referred
to
as
the
``
U.
S.
Department
of
Education''
even
in
those
tables
covering
years
when
it
was
officially
the
Office
of
Education.
Thirty­
three
percent
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
school
students
in
the
United
States
received
publicly
funded
free
or
reduced­
price
lunches
in
1993
 
94.
At
public
elementary
schools,
the
participation
rate
was
39
percent
compared
with
22
percent
for
public
secondary
schools
(
table
373).
About
13
percent
of
all
elementary
and
secondary
school
children
received
Title
I
services
in
1993
 
94.
Federally
sponsored
Title
I
programs
are
designed
to
compensate
for
the
linkage
between
family
poverty
and
low
student
achievement,
particularly
for
children
in
schools
with
high
concentrations
of
poverty.
Children
in
rural
areas
(
13
percent)
and
central
cities
(
17
percent)
were
more
likely
to
receive
services
than
those
in
suburban
areas
(
9
percent)
(
table
374).

Federal
Education
Legislation
A
capsule
view
of
the
history
of
federal
education
activities
is
provided
in
the
following
list
of
selected
legislation:

1787
Northwest
Ordinance
authorized
land
grants
for
the
establishment
of
educational
institutions.

1802
An
Act
Fixing
the
Military
Peace
Establishment
of
the
United
States
established
the
U.
S.
Military
Academy.
(
The
U.
S.
Naval
Academy
was
established
in
1845
by
the
Secretary
of
the
Navy.)

1862
First
Morrill
Act
authorized
public
land
grants
to
the
states
for
the
establishment
and
maintenance
of
agricultural
and
mechanical
colleges

1867
Department
of
Education
Act
authorized
the
establishment
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education

1876
Appropriation
Act,
U.
S.
Department
of
the
Treasury,
established
the
U.
S.
Coast
Guard
Academy.

1890
Second
Morrill
Act
provided
for
money
grants
for
support
of
instruction
in
the
agricultural
and
mechanical
colleges.

1911
State
Marine
School
Act
authorized
federal
funds
to
be
used
for
the
benefit
of
any
nautical
school
in
any
of
11
specified
state
seaport
cities.

1917
Smith­
Hughes
Act
provided
for
grants
to
states
for
support
of
vocational
education.
1918
Vocational
Rehabilitation
Act
provided
for
grants
for
rehabilitation
through
training
of
World
War
I
veterans.

1919
An
Act
to
Provide
for
Further
Educational
Facilities
authorized
the
sale
by
the
federal
government
of
surplus
machine
tools
to
educational
institutions
at
15
percent
of
acquisition
cost.

1920
Smith­
Bankhead
Act
authorized
grants
to
states
for
vocational
rehabilitation
programs.

1935
Bankhead­
Jones
Act
(
Public
Law
74
 
182)
authorized
grants
to
states
for
agricultural
experiment
stations.

Agricultural
Adjustment
Act
(
Public
Law
74
 
320)
authorized
30
percent
of
the
annual
customs
receipts
to
be
used
to
encourage
the
exportation
and
domestic
consumption
of
agricultural
commodities.
Commodities
purchased
under
this
authorization
began
to
be
used
in
school
lunch
programs
in
1936.
The
National
School
Lunch
Act
of
1946
continued
and
expanded
this
assistance.

1936
An
Act
to
Further
the
Development
and
Maintenance
of
an
Adequate
and
Well­
Balanced
American
Merchant
Marine
(
Public
Law
74
 
415)
established
the
U.
S.
Merchant
Marine
Academy.

1937
National
Cancer
Institute
Act
established
the
Public
Health
Service
fellowship
program.

1941
Amendment
to
Lanham
Act
of
1940
authorized
federal
aid
for
construction,
maintenance,
and
operation
of
schools
in
federally
impacted
areas.
Such
assistance
was
continued
under
Public
Law
815
and
Public
Law
874,
81st
Congress,
in
1950.

1943
Vocational
Rehabilitation
Act
(
Public
Law
78
 
16)
provided
assistance
to
disabled
veterans.

School
Lunch
Indemnity
Plan
(
Public
Law
78
 
129)
provided
funds
for
local
lunch
food
purchases

1944
Servicemen's
Readjustment
Act
(
Public
Law
78
 
346)
known
as
the
GI
Bill,
provided
assistance
for
the
education
of
veterans.

Surplus
Property
Act
(
Public
Law
78
 
457)
authorized
transfer
of
surplus
property
to
educational
institutions.

1946
National
School
Lunch
Act
(
Public
Law
79
 
396)
authorized
assistance
through
grants­
inaid
and
other
means
to
states
to
assist
in
providing
adequate
foods
and
facilities
for
the
establishment,
maintenance,
operation,
and
387
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
expansion
of
nonprofit
school
lunch
programs

George­
Barden
Act
(
Public
Law
80
 
402)
expanded
federal
support
of
vocational
education

1948
United
States
Information
and
Educational
Exchange
Act
(
Public
Law
80
 
402)
provided
for
the
interchange
of
persons,
knowledge,
and
skills
between
the
United
States
and
other
countries.

1949
Federal
Property
and
Administrative
Services
Act
(
Public
Law
81
 
152)
provided
for
donation
of
surplus
property
to
educational
institutions
and
for
other
public
purposes.

1950
Financial
Assistance
for
Local
Educational
Agencies
Affected
by
Federal
Activities
(
Public
Law
81
 
815
and
Public
Law
81
 
874)
provided
assistance
for
construction
(
Public
Law
815)
and
operation
(
Public
Law
874)
of
schools
in
federally
affected
areas.

Housing
Act
(
Public
Law
81
 
475)
authorized
loans
for
construction
of
college
housing
facilities

1954
An
Act
for
the
Establishment
of
the
United
States
Air
Force
Academy
and
Other
Purposes
(
Public
Law
83
 
325)
established
the
U.
S.
Air
Force
Academy.

Educational
Research
Act
(
Public
Law
83
 
531)
authorized
cooperative
arrangements
with
universities,
colleges,
and
state
educational
agencies
for
educational
research.

School
Milk
Program
Act
(
Public
Law
83
 
597)
provided
funds
for
purchase
of
milk
for
school
lunch
programs.

1956
Library
Services
Act
(
Public
Law
84
 
597)
provided
grants
to
states
for
extension
and
improvement
of
rural
public
library
services.

1957
Practical
Nurse
Training
Act
(
Public
Law
84
 
911)
provided
grants
to
states
for
practical
nurse
training.

1958
National
Defense
Education
Act
(
Public
Law
85
 
864)
provided
assistance
to
state
and
local
school
systems
for
strengthening
instruction
in
science,
mathematics,
modern
foreign
languages,
and
other
critical
subjects;
improvement
of
state
statistical
services;
guidance,
counseling,
and
testing
services
and
training
institutes;
higher
education
student
loans
and
fellowships;
foreign
language
study
and
training
provided
by
colleges
and
universities;
experimentation
and
dissemination
of
information
on
more
effective
utilization
of
television,
motion
pictures,
and
related
media
for
educational
purposes;
and
vocational
education
for
technical
occupations
necessary
to
the
national
defense.

Education
of
Mentally
Retarded
Children
Act
(
Public
Law
85
 
926)
authorized
federal
assistance
for
training
teachers
of
the
handicapped

Captioned
Films
for
the
Deaf
Act
(
Public
Law
85
 
905)
authorized
a
loan
service
of
captioned
films
for
the
deaf.

1961
Area
Redevelopment
Act
(
Public
Law
87
 
27)
included
provisions
for
training
or
retraining
of
persons
in
redevelopment
areas.

1962
Manpower
Development
and
Training
Act
(
Public
Law
87
 
415)
provided
training
in
new
and
improved
skills
for
the
unemployed
and
underemployed

Migration
and
Refugee
Assistance
Act
of
1962
(
Public
Law
87
 
510)
authorized
loans,
advances
and
grants
for
education
and
training
of
refugees.

1963
Health
Professions
Educational
Assistance
Act
of
1963
(
Public
Law
88
 
129)
provided
funds
to
expand
teaching
facilities
and
for
loans
to
students
in
the
health
professions.

Vocational
Education
Act
of
1963
(
Part
of
Public
Law
88
 
210)
increased
federal
support
of
vocational
education
schools;
vocational
work­
study
programs;
and
research,
training,
and
demonstrations
in
vocational
education.

Higher
Education
Facilities
Act
of
1963
(
Public
Law
88
 
204)
authorized
grants
and
loans
for
classrooms,
libraries,
and
laboratories
in
public
community
colleges
and
technical
institutes
as
well
as
undergraduate
and
graduate
facilities
in
other
institutions
of
higher
education

1964
Civil
Rights
Act
of
1964
(
Public
Law
88
 
352)
authorized
the
Commissioner
of
Education
to
arrange
for
support
for
institutions
of
higher
education
and
school
districts
to
provide
inservice
programs
for
assisting
instructional
staff
in
dealing
with
problems
caused
by
desegregation

Economic
Opportunity
Act
of
1964
(
Public
Law
88
 
452)
authorized
grants
for
college
workstudy
programs
for
students
from
low­
income
families;
established
a
Job
Corps
program
and
authorized
support
for
work­
training
programs
to
provide
education
and
vocational
training
and
work
experience
opportunities
in
388
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
welfare
programs;
authorized
support
of
education
and
training
activities
and
of
community
action
programs,
including
Head
Start,
Follow
Through,
and
Upward
Bound;
and
authorized
the
establishment
of
Volunteers
in
Service
to
America
(
VISTA).

1965
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
of
1965
(
Public
Law
89
 
10)
authorized
grants
for
elementary
and
secondary
school
programs
for
children
of
low­
income
families;
school
library
resources,
textbooks,
and
other
instructional
materials
for
school
children;
supplementary
educational
centers
and
services
strengthening
state
education
agencies;
and
educational
research
and
research
training

Health
Professions
Educational
Assistance
Amendments
of
1965
(
Public
Law
89
 
290)
authorized
scholarships
to
aid
needy
students
in
the
health
professions.

Higher
Education
Act
of
1965
(
Public
Law
89
 
329)
provided
grants
for
university
community
service
programs,
college
library
assistance,
library
training
and
research,
strengthening
developing
institutions,
teacher
training
programs
and
undergraduate
instructional
equipment.
Authorized
insured
student
loans,
established
a
National
Teacher
Corps,
and
provided
for
graduate
teacher
training
fellowships

National
Foundation
on
the
Arts
and
the
Humanities
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
209)
authorized
grants
and
loans
for
projects
in
the
creative
and
performing
arts
and
for
research,
training
and
scholarly
publications
in
the
humanities

National
Technical
Institute
for
the
Deaf
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
36)
provided
for
the
establishment
construction,
equipping,
and
operation
of
a
residential
school
for
postsecondary
education
and
technical
training
of
the
deaf.

School
Assistance
in
Disaster
Areas
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
313)
provided
for
assistance
to
local
education
agencies
to
help
meet
exceptional
costs
resulting
from
a
major
disaster.

1966
International
Education
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
698)
provided
grants
to
institutions
of
higher
education
for
the
establishment,
strengthening
and
operation
of
centers
for
research
and
training
in
international
studies
and
the
international
aspects
of
other
fields
of
study.
National
Sea
Grant
College
and
Program
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
688)
authorized
the
establishment
and
operation
of
Sea
Grant
Colleges
and
programs
by
initiating
and
supporting
programs
of
education
and
research
in
the
various
fields
relating
to
the
development
of
marine
resources.

Adult
Education
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
750)
authorized
grants
to
states
for
the
encouragement
and
expansion
of
educational
programs
for
adults,
including
training
of
teachers
of
adults
and
demonstrations
in
adult
education
(
previously
part
of
Economic
Opportunity
Act
of
1964).

Model
Secondary
School
for
the
Deaf
Act
(
Public
Law
89
 
694)
authorized
the
establishment
and
operation,
by
Gallaudet
College,
of
a
model
secondary
school
for
the
deaf.

1967
Education
Professions
Development
Act
(
Public
Law
90
 
35)
amended
the
Higher
Education
Act
of
1965
for
the
purpose
of
improving
the
quality
of
teaching
and
to
help
meet
critical
shortages
of
adequately
trained
educational
personnel.

Public
Broadcasting
Act
of
1967
(
Public
Law
90
 
129)
established
a
Corporation
for
Public
Broadcasting
to
assume
major
responsibility
in
channeling
federal
funds
to
noncommercial
radio
and
television
stations,
program
production
groups,
and
ETV
networks;
conduct
research
demonstration,
or
training
in
matters
related
to
noncommercial
broadcasting;
and
award
grants
for
construction
of
educational
radio
and
television
facilities.

1968
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Amendments
of
1968
(
Public
Law
90
 
247)
modified
existing
programs,
authorized
support
of
regional
centers
for
education
of
handicapped
children,
model
centers
and
services
for
deafblind
children,
recruitment
of
personnel
and
dissemination
of
information
on
education
of
the
handicapped;
technical
assistance
in
education
to
rural
areas;
support
of
dropout
prevention
projects;
and
support
of
bilingual
education
programs.

Handicapped
Children's
Early
Education
Assistance
Act
(
Public
Law
90
 
538)
authorized
preschool
and
early
education
programs
for
handicapped
children.

Vocational
Education
Amendments
of
1968
(
Public
Law
90
 
576)
modified
existing
programs
and
provided
for
a
National
Advisory
Council
on
Vocational
Education
and
collection
and
dissemination
of
information
for
pro­
389
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
grams
administered
by
the
Commissioner
of
Education.

1970
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Assistance
Programs,
Extension
(
Public
Law
91
 
230)
authorized
comprehensive
planning
and
evaluation
grants
to
state
and
local
education
agencies;
provided
for
the
establishment
of
a
National
Commission
on
School
Finance.

National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Services
Act
(
Public
Law
91
 
345)
established
a
National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Science
to
effectively
utilize
the
nation's
educational
resources.

Office
of
Education
Appropriation
Act
(
Public
Law
91
 
380)
provided
emergency
school
assistance
to
desegregating
local
education
agencies.

Environmental
Education
Act
(
Public
Law
91
 
516)
established
an
Office
of
Environmental
Education
to
develop
curriculum
and
initiate
and
maintain
environmental
education
programs
at
the
elementary­
secondary
levels;
disseminate
information;
provide
training
programs
for
teachers
and
other
educational,
public,
community,
labor,
and
industrial
leaders
and
employees;
provide
community
education
programs;
and
distribute
material
dealing
with
the
environment
and
ecology.

Drug
Abuse
Education
Act
of
1970
(
Public
Law
91
 
527)
provided
for
development,
demonstration
and
evaluation
of
curricula
on
the
problems
of
drug
abuse.

1971
Comprehensive
Health
Manpower
Training
Act
of
1971
(
Public
Law
92
 
257)
amended
Title
VII
of
the
Public
Health
Service
Act,
increasing
and
expanding
provisions
for
health
manpower
training
and
training
facilities.

1972
Drug
Abuse
Office
and
Treatment
Act
of
1972
(
Public
Law
92
 
255)
established
a
Special
Action
Office
for
Drug
Abuse
Prevention
to
provide
overall
planning
and
policy
for
all
federal
drug­
abuse
prevention
functions;
a
National
Advisory
Council
for
Drug
Abuse
Prevention
community
assistance
grants
for
community
mental
health
centers
for
treatment
and
rehabilitation
of
persons
with
drugabuse
problems,
and,
in
December
1974,
a
National
Institute
on
Drug
Abuse.

Education
Amendments
of
1972
(
Public
Law
92
 
318)
established
the
Education
Division
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare
and
the
National
Institute
of
Education
general
aid
for
institutions
of
higher
education;
federal
matching
grants
for
state
Student
Incentive
Grants;
a
National
Commission
on
Financing
Postsecondary
Education;
State
Advisory
Councils
on
Community
Colleges
a
Bureau
of
Occupational
and
Adult
Education
and
State
Grants
for
the
design,
establishment,
and
conduct
of
postsecondary
occupational
education;
and
a
bureau­
level
Office
of
Indian
Education.
Amended
current
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
programs
to
increase
their
effectiveness
and
better
meet
special
needs.
Prohibited
sex
bias
in
admission
to
vocational,
professional,
and
graduate
schools,
and
public
institutions
of
undergraduate
higher
education.

1973
Older
Americans
Comprehensive
Services
Amendment
of
1973
(
Public
Law
93
 
29)
made
available
to
older
citizens
comprehensive
programs
of
health,
education,
and
social
services.

Comprehensive
Employment
and
Training
Act
of
1973
(
Public
Law
93
 
203)
provided
for
opportunities
for
employment
and
training
to
unemployed
and
underemployed
persons.
Extended
and
expanded
provisions
in
the
Manpower
Development
and
Training
Act
of
1962,
Title
I
of
the
Economic
Opportunity
Act
of
1962,
Title
I
of
the
Economic
Opportunity
Act
of
1964,
and
the
Emergency
Employment
Act
of
1971
as
in
effect
prior
to
June
30,
1973.

1974
Education
Amendments
of
1974
(
Public
Law
93
 
380)
provided
for
the
consolidation
of
certain
programs;
and
established
a
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.

Juvenile
Justice
and
Delinquency
Prevention
Act
of
1974
(
Public
Law
93
 
415)
provided
for
technical
assistance,
staff
training,
centralized
research,
and
resources
to
develop
and
implement
programs
to
keep
students
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools;
and
established
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Justice,
a
National
Institute
for
Juvenile
Justice
and
Delinquency
Prevention.

1975
Indian
Self­
Determination
and
Education
Assistance
Act
(
Public
Law
93
 
638)
provided
for
increased
participation
of
Indians
in
the
establishment
and
conduct
of
their
education
programs
and
services.

Harry
S
Truman
Memorial
Scholarship
Act
(
Public
Law
93
 
642)
established
the
Harry
S
Truman
Scholarship
Foundation
and
created
a
perpetual
education
scholarship
fund
for
390
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
young
Americans
to
prepare
and
pursue
careers
in
public
service.

Indochina
Migration
and
Refugee
Assistance
Act
of
1975
(
Public
Law
94
 
23)
authorized
funds
to
be
used
for
education
and
training
of
aliens
who
have
fled
from
Cambodia
or
Vietnam

Education
for
All
Handicapped
Children
Act
(
Public
Law
94
 
142)
provided
that
all
handicapped
children
have
available
to
them
a
free
appropriate
education
designed
to
meet
their
unique
needs.

1976
Educational
Broadcasting
Facilities
and
Telecommunications
Demonstration
Act
of
1976
(
Public
Law
94
 
309)
established
a
telecommunications
demonstration
program
to
promote
the
development
of
nonbroadcast
telecommunications
facilities
and
services
for
the
transmission,
distribution,
and
delivery
of
health,
education,
and
public
or
social
service
information.

Education
Amendments
of
1976
(
Public
Law
94
 
482)
extended
and
revised
federal
programs
for
education
assistance
for
higher
education,
vocational
education,
and
a
variety
of
other
programs.

1977
Youth
Employment
and
Demonstration
Projects
Act
of
1977
(
Public
Law
95
 
93)
established
a
youth
employment
training
program
that
includes
among
other
activities,
promoting
education­
to­
work
transition,
literacy
training
and
bilingual
training,
and
attainment
of
certificates
of
high
school
equivalency.

Career
Education
Incentive
Act
(
Public
Law
95
 
207)
authorized
the
establishment
of
a
career
education
program
for
elementary
and
secondary
schools.

1978
Tribally
Controlled
Community
College
Assistance
Act
of
1978
(
Public
Law
95
 
471)
provided
federal
funds
for
the
operation
and
improvement
of
tribally
controlled
community
colleges
for
Indian
students.

Education
Amendments
of
1978
(
Public
Law
95
 
561)
established
a
comprehensive
basic
skills
program
aimed
at
improving
pupil
achievement
(
replaced
the
existing
National
Reading
Improvement
program);
and
established
a
community
schools
program
to
provide
for
the
use
of
public
buildings.

Middle
Income
Student
Assistance
Act
(
Public
Law
95
 
566)
modified
the
provisions
for
student
financial
assistance
programs
to
allow
middle­
income
as
well
as
low­
income
students
attending
college
or
other
postsecondary
institutions
to
qualify
for
federal
education
assistance.

1979
Department
of
Education
Organization
Act
(
Public
Law
96
 
88)
established
a
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
containing
functions
from
the
Education
Division
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare
along
with
other
selected
education
programs
from
HEW,
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Justice,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
and
the
National
Science
Foundation.

1980
Asbestos
School
Hazard
Detection
and
Control
Act
of
1980
(
Public
Law
96
 
270)
established
a
program
for
inspection
of
schools
for
detection
of
hazardous
asbestos
materials
and
provided
loans
to
assist
educational
agencies
to
contain
or
remove
and
replace
such
materials

1981
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act
of
1981
(
Part
of
Public
Law
97
 
35)
consolidated
42
programs
into
7
programs
to
be
funded
under
the
elementary
and
secondary
block
grant
authority.

1983
Student
Loan
Consolidation
and
Technical
Amendments
Act
of
1983
(
Public
Law
98
 
79)
established
an
8
percent
interest
rate
for
Guaranteed
Student
Loans
and
extended
Family
Contribution
Schedule.

Challenge
Grant
Amendments
of
1983
(
Public
Law
98
 
95)
amended
Title
III,
Higher
Education
Act,
and
added
authorization
of
Challenge
Grant
program.
The
Challenge
Grant
program
provides
funds
to
eligible
institutions
on
a
matching
basis
as
an
incentive
to
seek
alternative
sources
of
funding.

Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
Amendments
of
1983
(
Public
Law
98
 
199)
added
the
Architectural
Barrier
amendment
and
clarified
participation
of
handicapped
children
in
private
schools.

1984
Education
for
Economic
Security
Act
(
Public
Law
98
 
377)
added
new
science
and
mathematics
programs
for
elementary,
secondary,
and
postsecondary
education.
The
new
programs
included
magnet
schools,
excellence
in
education,
and
equal
access.

Carl
D.
Perkins
Vocational
Education
Act
(
Public
Law
98
 
524)
continued
federal
assistance
for
vocational
education
through
FY
1989.
The
act
replaced
the
Vocational
Education
Act
of
1963.
It
provided
aid
to
the
states
to
make
vocational
education
programs
acces­
391
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
sible
to
all
persons,
including
handicapped
and
disadvantaged,
single
parents
and
homemakers
and
the
incarcerated.

Human
Services
Reauthorization
Act
(
Public
Law
98
 
558)
reauthorized
the
Head
Start
and
Follow
Through
programs
through
FY
1986.
It
also
created
a
Carl
D.
Perkins
scholarship
program,
a
National
Talented
Teachers
Fellowship
program,
a
Federal
Merit
Scholarships
program,
and
a
Leadership
in
Educational
Administration
program.

1985
Montgomery
GI
Bill
 
Active
Duty
(
Public
Law
98
 
525),
brought
about
a
new
GI
Bill
for
individuals
who
initially
entered
active
military
duty
on
or
after
July
1,
1985.

Montgomery
GI
Bill
 
Selected
Reserve
(
Public
Law
98
 
525),
is
an
education
program
for
members
of
the
Selected
Reserve
(
which
includes
the
National
Guard)
who
enlist,
reenlist
or
extend
an
enlistment
after
June
30,
1985,
for
a
6­
year
period.

1986
Handicapped
Children's
Protection
Act
of
1986
(
Public
Law
99
 
372)
allowed
parents
of
handicapped
children
to
collect
attorneys'
fees
in
cases
brought
under
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
and
provided
that
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
does
not
preempt
other
laws,
such
as
Section
504
of
the
Rehabilitation
Act.

Drug­
Free
Schools
and
Communities
Act
of
1986
(
Part
of
Public
Law
99
 
570),
part
of
the
Anti­
Drug
Abuse
Act
of
1986,
authorized
funding
for
FYs
1987
 
89.
Established
programs
for
drug
abuse
education
and
prevention
coordinated
with
related
community
efforts
and
resources,
through
the
use
of
federal
financial
assistance.

1987
Higher
Education
Act
Amendments
of
1987
(
Public
Law
100
 
50)
made
technical
corrections
clarifications,
or
conforming
amendments
related
to
the
enactment
of
the
Higher
Education
Amendments
of
1986.

1988
Augustus
F.
Hawkins­
Robert
T.
Stafford
Elementary
and
Secondary
School
Improvement
Amendments
of
1988
(
Public
Law
100
 
297)
reauthorized
through
1993
major
elementary
and
secondary
education
programs
including:
Chapter
1,
Chapter
2,
Bilingual
Education,
Math­
Science
Education,
Magnet
Schools,
Impact
Aid,
Indian
Education,
Adult
Education
and
other
smaller
education
programs.

Technology­
Related
Assistance
for
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Act
of
1988
(
Public
Law
100
 
407)
provided
financial
assistance
to
states
to
develop
and
implement
consumer­
responsive
statewide
programs
of
technology­
related
assistance
for
persons
of
all
ages
with
disabilities

Stewart
B.
McKinney
Homeless
Assistance
Amendments
Act
of
1988
(
Public
Law
100
 
628)
extended
for
2
additional
years
programs
providing
assistance
to
the
homeless,
including
literacy
training
for
homeless
adults
and
education
for
homeless
youths.

Tax
Reform
Technical
Amendments
(
Public
Law
100
 
647)
authorized
an
Education
Savings
Bond
for
the
purpose
of
postsecondary
educational
expenses.
The
bill
grants
tax
exclusion
for
interest
earned
on
regular
series
EE
savings
bonds.

1989
Children
with
Disabilities
Temporary
Care
Reauthorization
Act
of
1989
(
Public
Law
101
 
127)
revised
and
extended
the
programs
established
in
the
Temporary
Child
Care
for
Handicapped
Children
and
Crises
Nurseries
Act
of
1986.

Drug­
Free
Schools
and
Communities
Act
Amendments
of
1989
(
Public
Law
101
 
226)
amended
the
Drug­
Free
Schools
and
Communities
Act
of
1986
to
revise
certain
requirements
relating
to
the
provision
of
drug
abuse
education
and
prevention
programs
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools.

Childhood
Education
and
Development
Act
of
1989
(
Part
of
Public
Law
101
 
239)
authorized
the
appropriations
to
expand
Head
Start
Programs
and
programs
carried
out
under
the
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
of
1965
to
include
child
care
services.

1990
Excellence
in
Mathematics,
Science
and
Engineering
Education
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
589)
promotes
excellence
in
American
mathematics,
science,
and
engineering
education
by
creating
a
national
mathematics
and
science
clearinghouse,
and
creating
several
other
mathematics,
science,
and
engineering
education
programs.

Student
Right­
To­
Know
and
Campus
Security
Act
(
Public
Law
101
 
542)
requires
institutions
of
higher
education
receiving
federal
financial
assistance
to
provide
certain
information
with
respect
to
the
graduation
rates
of
student­
athletes
at
such
institutions.
The
act
also
requires
the
institution
to
certify
that
it
has
a
campus
security
policy
and
will
annually
submit
a
uniform
crime
report
to
the
Federal
Bureau
of
Investigation
(
FBI).
392
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
Americans
with
Disabilities
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
336)
prohibits
discrimination
against
persons
with
disabilities.

National
and
Community
Service
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
610)
increased
school
and
college­
based
community
service
opportunities
and
authorized
the
President's
Points
of
Light
Foundation.

School
Dropout
Prevention
and
Basic
Skills
Improvement
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
600)
improves
secondary
school
programs
for
basic
skills
improvements
and
dropout
reduction

Asbestos
School
Hazard
Abatement
Reauthorization
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
637)
reauthorized
the
Asbestos
School
Hazard
Abatement
Act
of
1984,
which
provided
financial
support
to
elementary
and
secondary
schools
to
inspect
for
asbestos
and
to
develop
and
implement
an
asbestos
management
plan.

Eisenhower
Exchange
Fellowship
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
454)
provided
a
permanent
endowment
for
the
Eisenhower
Exchange
Fellowship
Program.

Public
Service
Assistance
Education
Act
(
Enacted
as
part
of
Department
of
Defense
Authorization
Act,
Public
Law
101
 
510)
gave
federal
agencies
authority
to
provide
new
educational
benefits
to
employees
by
paying
for
an
employee
to
obtain
an
academic
degree
for
which
there
is
an
agency
shortage
of
qualified
personnel,
and
by
repaying
up
to
$
6,000
per
year
of
the
student
loan
of
a
qualified
employee
in
exchange
for
a
3­
year
commitment.

Omnibus
Budget
Reconciliation
Act
of
1990
(
Public
Law
101
 
508)
included
a
set
of
student
aid
provisions
that
were
estimated
to
yield
a
savings
of
$
2
billion
over
5
years.
These
provisions
included
delayed
Guaranteed
Student
Loan
disbursements,
tightened
ability­
to­
benefit
eligibility,
and
expanded
pro
rata
refund
policy
and
the
elimination
of
student
aid
eligibility
at
high
default
schools.

1991
National
Literacy
Act
of
1991
(
Public
Law
102
 
73)
established
the
National
Institute
for
Literacy
the
National
Institute
Board,
and
the
Interagency
Task
Force
on
Literacy.
Amended
various
federal
laws
to
establish
and
extend
various
literacy
programs.

National
Defense
Authorization
Act
for
Fiscal
Years
1992
and
1993
(
Public
Law
102
 
190)
authorized
appropriations
for
education
functions
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense.
Included
Defense
Manufacturing
Education
Program
and
planning
for
science,
mathematics
and
engineering
education.

National
Commission
on
Time
and
Learning
Act
(
Public
Law
102
 
62)
established
the
National
Education
Commission
on
Time
and
Learning.
Directed
the
Secretary
of
Education
to:
(
1)
make
grants
for
research
in
the
teaching
of
writing;
and
(
2)
carry
out
a
program
to
educate
students
about
the
history
and
principles
of
the
Constitution,
including
the
Bill
of
Rights.
Established
the
National
Council
on
Education
Standards
and
Testing.

High­
Performance
Computing
Act
of
1991
(
Public
Law
102
 
194)
directed
the
President
to
implement
a
National
High­
Performance
Computing
Program.
Provided
for:
(
1)
establishment
of
a
National
Research
and
Education
Network;
(
2)
standards
and
guidelines
for
high
performance
networks;
and
(
3)
the
responsibility
of
certain
federal
departments
and
agencies
with
regard
to
the
Network.

Veterans'
Educational
Assistance
Amendments
of
1991
(
Public
Law
102
 
127)
restored
certain
educational
benefits
available
to
reserve
and
active­
duty
personnel
under
the
Montgomery
GI
Bill
to
students
whose
course
studies
were
interrupted
by
the
Persian
Gulf
War.

Civil
Rights
Act
of
1991
(
Public
Law
102
 
166)
amended
the
Civil
Rights
Act
of
1964,
the
Age
Discrimination
in
Employment
Act
of
1967,
and
the
Americans
with
Disabilities
Act
of
1990,
with
regard
to
employment
discrimination
Established
the
Technical
Assistance
Training
Institute.

1992
Higher
Education
Amendments
of
1992
(
Public
Law
102
 
325)
amended
the
Higher
Education
Act
of
1965
to
revise
and
reauthorize
funding
for
its
various
programs.

Ready­
To­
Learn
Act
(
Public
Law
102
 
545)
amended
the
General
Education
Provisions
Act
to
establish
Ready­
To­
Learn
Television
programs
to
support
educational
programming
and
support
materials
for
preschool
and
elementary
school
children
and
their
parents,
child
care
providers,
and
educators.

National
Commission
on
Time
and
Learning,
Extension
(
Public
Law
102
 
359)
amended
the
National
Education
Commission
on
Time
and
Learning
Act
to
extend
the
authorization
of
appropriations
for
such
Commission,
393
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
amended
the
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
of
1965
to
revise
provisions
for
(
1)
a
specified
civic
education
program;
and
(
2)
schoolwide
projects
for
educationally
disadvantaged
children,
and
provided
for
additional
Assistant
Secretaries
of
Education.

1993
Student
Loan
Reform
Act
(
Public
Law
103
 
66)
reformed
the
student
aid
process
by
phasing
in
a
system
of
direct
lending
designed
to
provide
savings
for
taxpayers
and
students.
Allows
students
to
choose
among
a
variety
of
repayment
options,
including
income
contingency

National
Service
Trust
Act
(
Public
Law
103
 
82)
amended
the
National
and
Community
Service
Act
of
1990
to
establish
a
Corporation
for
National
Service
and
enhance
opportunities
for
national
service.
In
addition,
the
Act
provided
education
grants
up
to
$
4,725
per
year
for
2
years
to
people
age
17
years
or
older
who
perform
community
service
before,
during
or
after
postsecondary
education.

NAEP
Assessment
Authorization
(
Public
Law
103
 
33)
authorizes
the
use
of
NAEP
for
state­
by­
state
comparisons.

Migrant
Student
Record
Transfer
System
Extension
(
Public
Law
103
 
59)
extends
the
operation
of
the
migrant
student
record
transfer
system.

1994
Goals
2000:
Educate
America
Act
(
Public
Law
103
 
227)
established
a
new
federal
partnership
through
a
system
of
grants
to
states
and
local
communities
to
reform
the
nation's
education
system.
The
Act
formalized
the
national
education
goals
and
established
the
National
Education
Goals
Panel.
It
also
created
a
National
Education
Standards
and
Improvement
Council
(
NESIC)
to
provide
voluntary
national
certification
of
state
and
local
education
standards
and
assessments
and
established
the
National
Skill
Standards
Board
to
develop
voluntary
national
skill
standards.

School­
To­
Work
Opportunities
Act
of
1994
(
Public
Law
103
 
239)
established
a
national
framework
within
which
states
and
communities
can
develop
School­
To­
Work
Opportunities
systems
to
prepare
young
people
for
first
jobs
and
continuing
education.
The
Act
also
provided
money
to
states
and
communities
to
develop
a
system
of
programs
that
include
work­
based
learning,
school­
based
learning,
and
connecting
activities
components
School­
To­
Work
programs
will
provide
students
with
a
high
school
diploma
(
or
its
equivalent),
a
nationally
recognized
skill
certificate
or
an
associate
degree
(
if
appropriate
and
may
lead
to
a
first
job
or
further
education.

Safe
Schools
Act
of
1994
(
Part
of
Public
Law
103
 
227)
authorized
the
award
of
competitive
grants
to
local
educational
agencies
with
serious
crime
to
implement
violence
prevention
activities
such
as
conflict
resolution
and
peer
mediation.

Educational
Research,
Development,
Dissemination
and
Improvement
Act
of
1994
(
Part
of
Public
Law
103
 
227)
authorized
the
educational
research
and
dissemination
activities
of
the
Office
of
Educational
Research
and
Improvement
The
regional
educational
laboratories
and
university­
based
research
and
development
centers
are
authorized
under
this
act.

Student
Loan
Default
Exemption
Extension
(
Public
Law
103
 
235)
amended
the
Higher
Education
Act
of
1965
to
extend
until
July
1,
1998,
the
effective
date
for
cohort
default
rate
extension
for
Historically
Black
Colleges
and
Universities,
tribally
controlled
community
colleges
and
Navajo
community
colleges.

Improving
America's
Schools
Act
(
Public
Law
103
 
382)
reauthorized
and
revamps
the
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act.
The
legislation
includes
Title
I,
the
federal
government's
largest
program
providing
educational
assistance
to
disadvantaged
children;
professional
development
and
technical
assistance
programs;
a
safe
and
drug­
free
schools
and
communities
provision;
and
provisions
promoting
school
equity.

1995
Amendment
to
the
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
of
1965
(
Public
Law
104
 
5)
amended
a
provision
of
Part
A
of
Title
IX
of
the
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
of
1965
relating
to
Indian
education,
to
provide
a
technical
amendment
and
for
other
purposes.

1996
Contract
With
America:
Unfunded
Mandates
(
Public
Law
104
 
4)
a
bill
to
curb
the
practice
of
imposing
unfunded
federal
mandates
on
states
and
local
governments;
to
strengthen
the
partnership
between
the
federal
government
and
state,
local,
and
tribal
governments;
to
end
the
imposition,
in
the
absence
of
full
consideration
by
Congress,
of
federal
mandates
on
state,
local,
and
tribal
governments
without
adequate
funding,
in
a
manner
that
394
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
may
displace
other
essential
governmental
priorities
and
to
ensure
that
the
federal
government
pays
the
costs
incurred
by
those
governments
in
complying
with
certain
requirements
under
federal
statutes
and
regulations
and
for
other
purposes.

Developmental
Disabilities
Assistance
and
Bill
of
Rights
Act
Amendments
of
1996
(
Public
Law
104
 
1834)
amended
the
Developmental
Disabilities
Assistance
and
Bill
of
Rights
Act
to
extend
the
act,
and
for
other
purposes.

Remove
Grant
Limits
on
Historically
Black
Colleges
(
Public
Law
104
 
141)
amended
section
326
of
the
Higher
Education
Act
of
1965
to
permit
continued
participation
by
historically
black
graduate
and
professional
schools
in
the
grant
program
authorized
by
that
section.

Correct
Impact­
Aid
Payments
(
Public
Law
104
 
195)
amends
the
Impact
Aid
Program
to
provide
for
a
hold­
harmless
with
respect
to
amounts
for
payments
relating
to
the
federal
acquisition
of
real
property,
and
for
other
purposes

Human
Rights,
Refugee,
and
Other
Foreign
Relations
Provisions
Act
of
1996
(
Public
Law
104
 
319)
made
certain
provisions
with
respect
to
internationally
recognized
human
rights,
refugees,
and
foreign
relations
to
revise
U.
S.
human
rights
policy.

1997
Need­
Based
Educational
Aid
Antitrust
Protection
Act
of
1997
(
Public
Law
105­
43)
amends
the
Improving
America's
Schools
Act
of
1994
to
clarify
the
financial
information
exchanged
between
institutions
of
higher
education.

The
Taxpayer
Relief
Act
of
1997
(
Public
Law
105
 
34)
enacted
the
Hope
Scholarship
and
Life­
Long
Learning
Tax
Credit
provisions
into
law.

Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
Amendments
of
1997
(
Public
Law
105
 
17)
amends
the
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
(
IDEA)
to
revise
its
provisions
and
extend
through
fiscal
year
2002
the
authorization
of
appropriations
for
IDEA
programs.

Emergency
Student
Loan
Consolidation
Act
of
1997
(
Public
Law
105
 
78)
amends
the
Higher
Education
Act
to
provide
for
improved
student
loan
consolidation
services.
395
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
Department
of
Interior,
1.0%
Department
of
Agriculture,
13.6%
Department
of
Education,
40.9%

Department
of
Defense,
4.8%

Department
of
Energy,
4.2%

Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
18.1%
Department
of
Labor,
6.6%
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs,
1.8%
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration,
2.3%
National
Science
Foundation,
3.3%
Other,
3.4%

Total
=
$
75.1
billion
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
Fiscal
Year
1999;
and
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development,
Fiscal
Years
1996,
1997,
and
1998.
Figure
20.­
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
agency:
Fiscal
year
1998
396
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
FOR
EDUCATION
AND
RELATED
ACTIVITIES
Elementary
and
secondary
Other
education
Postsecondary
Research
at
educational
institutions
State
education
agencies,
12.2%
Local
education
agencies,
37.4%

Other,
6.6%

Multiple
types
of
recipients,
4.8%

Federal,
1.6%

Institutions
of
higher
education,
19.6%
College
students,
17.9%

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
Fiscal
Year
1999;
Catalog
of
Federal
Domestic
Assistance;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development
,
Fiscal
Years
1996,
1997,
and
1998;
and
unpublished
data
obtained
from
various
federal
agencies.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
fiscal
years
1967
to
1999;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development,
fiscal
years
1967
to
1998;
and
unpublished
data.
$

37.4
12.2
17.9
19.6
1.6
4.8
6.6
Total
outlays=$
30.7
billion
Figure
22.­
Department
of
Education
outlays,
by
type
of
recipient:
Fiscal
year
1998
Figure
21.­
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose:
1965
to
1998
[
In
constant
FY
1998
dollars]

1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
1998
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Fiscal
year
In
billions
of
dollars
397
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
359.
 
Federal
support
and
estimated
federal
tax
expenditures
for
education,
by
category:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
[
In
millions
of
dollars]

Fiscal
year
Total
on­
budget
support,
off­
budget
support,
and
nonfederal
funds
generated
by
federal
legislation
On­
budget
support
1
Off­
budget
support
and
nonfederal
funds
generated
by
federal
legislation
Estimated
federal
tax
expenditures
for
education
9
Total
Elementary
and
secondary
Postsecondary
Other
education
Research
at
educational
institutions
Total
Off­
budget
support
Nonfederal
funds
Federal
Direct
Student
Loan
2
Federal
Family
Education
Loan
Program
3
Perkins
Loans
4
Income
Contingent
Loans
5
State
Student
Incentive
Grants
6
Supplemental
Educational
Opportunity
Grants
7
Work­
Study
aid
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Current
dollars
1965
..........................
$
5,354.7
$
5,331.0
$
1,942.6
$
1,197.5
$
374.7
$
1,816.3
$
23.7
 
 
$
16.1
 
 
 
$
7.6
 
1970
..........................
13,359.1
12,526.5
5,830.4
3,447.7
964.7
2,283.6
832.6
 
$
770.0
21.0
 
 
 
41.6
 
1975
..........................
24,691.5
23,288.1
10,617.2
7,644.0
1,608.5
3,418.4
1,403.4
 
1,233.0
35.7
 
$
20.0
 
114.7
$
8,605.0
1980
..........................
39,349.2
34,493.5
16,027.7
11,115.9
1,548.7
5,801.2
4,855.7
 
4,598.0
31.8
 
76.5
 
149.4
13,320.0
1981
..........................
44,296.7
36,621.3
15,903.7
12,260.0
2,182.2
6,275.5
7,675.4
 
7,433.0
20.7
 
76.5
 
145.2
16,380.0
1982
..........................
40,292.7
34,455.1
14,839.2
11,023.3
1,995.1
6,597.4
5,837.5
 
5,597.0
19.8
 
72.0
 
148.7
16,180.0
1983
..........................
41,709.4
34,883.9
14,527.8
10,918.1
2,204.1
7,233.8
6,825.5
 
6,582.0
19.8
 
60.0
 
163.7
16,725.0
1984
..........................
44,042.4
36,271.0
15,292.4
10,329.7
2,710.4
7,938.6
7,771.4
 
7,520.0
17.9
 
76.0
 
157.5
17,090.0
1985
..........................
47,753.4
39,027.9
16,901.3
11,174.4
2,107.6
8,844.6
8,725.5
 
8,467.0
21.4
 
76.0
 
161.1
19,105.0
1986
..........................
48,357.3
39,962.9
17,049.9
11,283.6
2,620.0
9,009.4
8,394.4
 
8,142.0
20.2
 
72.7
 
159.5
20,425.0
1987
..........................
50,724.6
41,194.7
17,535.7
10,300.0
2,820.4
10,538.6
9,529.8
 
9,272.0
20.9
$
0.6
76.0
 
160.4
20,830.0
1988
..........................
54,078.9
43,454.4
18,564.9
10,657.5
2,981.6
11,250.5
10,624.5
 
10,380.0
20.6
0.5
73.0
 
150.4
17,025.0
1989
..........................
59,537.4
48,269.6
19,809.5
13,269.9
3,180.3
12,009.8
11,267.8
 
10,938.0
20.4
0.5
71.9
$
22.0
215.0
17,755.0
1990
..........................
62,811.5
51,624.3
21,984.4
13,650.9
3,383.0
12,606.0
11,187.2
 
10,826.0
15.0
0.5
59.2
48.8
237.7
19,040.0
1991
..........................
70,375.6
57,599.5
25,418.0
14,707.4
3,698.6
13,775.4
12,776.1
 
12,372.0
17.3
0.5
63.5
87.7
235.0
18,995.0
1992
..........................
74,481.1
60,483.1
27,926.9
14,387.4
3,992.0
14,176.9
13,998.0
 
13,568.0
17.3
0.5
72.0
97.2
242.9
19,950.0
1993
..........................
84,741.5
67,740.6
30,834.3
17,844.0
4,107.2
14,955.1
17,000.8
 
16,524.0
29.3
 
72.4
184.6
190.5
21,010.0
1994
..........................
92,781.5
68,254.2
32,304.4
16,177.1
4,483.7
15,289.1
24,527.3
$
813.0
23,214.0
52.7
 
72.4
184.6
190.5
22,630.0
1995
..........................
95,810.8
71,639.5
33,623.8
17,618.1
4,719.7
15,677.9
24,171.2
5,161.0
18,519.0
52.7
 
63.4
184.6
190.5
24,600.0
1996
..........................
96,832.9
71,327.4
34,391.5
15,775.5
4,828.0
16,332.3
25,505.5
8,357.0
16,711.0
31.1
 
31.3
184.6
190.5
26,340.0
1997
..........................
102,664.8
73,136.8
35,478.9
15,959.4
5,021.2
16,677.3
29,528.0
9,838.0
19,163.0
52.7
 
50.0
184.6
239.7
28,125.0
1998
10
.......................
107,242.3
75,077.5
36,818.8
15,990.0
5,171.4
17,097.3
32,164.8
11,204.0
20,461.0
45.0
 
25.0
194.3
235.5
29,540.0
Constant
fiscal
year
1998
dollars
11
1965
..........................
$
27,866.7
$
27,743.3
$
10,109.4
$
6,232.0
$
1,949.7
$
9,452.1
$
123.4
 
 
$
83.8
 
 
 
$
39.6
 
1970
..........................
56,163.4
52,663.2
24,512.0
14,494.6
4,055.8
9,600.7
3,500.3
 
$
3,237.2
88.2
 
 
 
174.9
 
1975
..........................
72,921.5
68,776.9
31,355.8
22,575.2
4,750.3
10,095.6
4,144.6
 
3,641.4
105.3
 
$
59.1
 
338.7
$
25,413.2
1980
..........................
78,292.5
68,631.2
31,890.1
22,117.1
3,081.5
11,542.6
9,661.3
 
9,148.6
63.2
 
152.2
 
297.3
26,502.6
1981
..........................
79,845.8
66,010.8
28,666.8
22,099.0
3,933.4
11,311.7
13,835.0
 
13,398.2
37.3
 
137.9
 
261.7
29,525.3
1982
..........................
67,911.4
58,072.5
25,010.8
18,579.3
3,362.7
11,119.6
9,838.9
 
9,433.5
33.4
 
121.4
 
250.6
27,270.6
1983
..........................
67,066.6
56,091.5
23,360.0
17,555.7
3,544.2
11,631.6
10,975.1
 
10,583.5
31.9
 
96.5
 
263.2
26,892.9
1984
..........................
67,569.8
55,647.0
23,461.6
15,847.7
4,158.3
12,179.3
11,922.9
 
11,537.2
27.5
 
116.6
 
241.6
26,219.5
1985
..........................
70,605.2
57,704.2
24,989.3
16,521.8
3,116.2
13,077.0
12,901.0
 
12,518.8
31.6
 
112.4
 
238.2
28,247.5
1986
..........................
69,535.0
57,464.4
24,516.8
16,225.2
3,767.4
12,954.9
12,070.7
 
11,707.7
29.1
 
104.5
 
229.4
29,370.0
1987
..........................
70,981.3
57,645.7
24,538.5
14,413.3
3,946.7
14,747.2
13,335.6
 
12,974.7
29.2
$
0.8
106.4
 
224.5
29,148.4
1988
..........................
73,257.2
58,864.9
25,148.6
14,437.1
4,038.9
15,240.3
14,392.3
 
14,061.1
28.0
0.6
98.9
 
203.7
23,062.7
1989
..........................
77,416.7
62,765.1
25,758.4
17,254.9
4,135.4
15,616.4
14,651.6
 
14,222.7
26.5
0.7
93.5
$
28.6
279.6
23,086.9
1990
..........................
78,533.1
64,545.8
27,487.0
17,067.7
4,229.8
15,761.3
13,987.3
 
13,535.7
18.8
0.6
74.0
61.0
297.2
23,805.7
1991
..........................
84,015.1
68,762.9
30,344.3
17,557.9
4,415.5
16,445.3
15,252.2
 
14,769.8
20.7
0.6
75.8
104.7
280.5
22,676.4
1992
..........................
86,204.5
70,003.1
32,322.6
16,652.0
4,620.3
16,408.3
16,201.3
 
15,703.6
20.1
0.6
83.3
112.6
281.2
23,090.1
1993
..........................
95,668.9
76,475.8
34,810.4
20,145.0
4,636.8
16,883.5
19,193.1
 
18,654.8
33.0
 
81.8
208.4
215.1
23,719.2
1994
..........................
102,320.4
75,271.5
35,625.6
17,840.2
4,944.7
16,861.0
27,048.9
$
896.6
25,600.7
58.1
 
79.9
203.6
210.1
24,956.6
1995
..........................
102,991.9
77,009.0
36,144.0
18,938.6
5,073.4
16,853.0
25,982.9
5,547.8
19,907.0
56.6
 
68.2
198.5
204.8
26,443.8
1996
..........................
101,406.4
74,696.2
36,015.9
16,520.6
5,056.1
17,103.7
26,710.2
8,751.7
17,500.3
32.6
 
32.8
193.3
199.5
27,584.1
1997
..........................
104,931.3
74,751.4
36,262.2
16,311.8
5,132.0
17,045.5
30,179.9
10,055.2
19,586.1
53.9
 
51.1
188.7
245.0
28,745.9
1998
10
.......................
107,242.3
75,077.5
36,818.8
15,990.0
5,171.4
17,097.3
32,164.8
11,204.0
20,461.0
45.0
 
25.0
194.3
235.5
29,540.0
1
On­
budget
support
includes
federal
funds
for
education
programs
tied
to
appropriations.

2
The
Federal
Direct
Student
Loan
(
FDSL)
program,
recently
renamed
the
William
D.
Ford
Direct
Loan
program,

provides
students
with
the
same
benefits
they
are
currently
eligible
to
receive
under
the
Federal
Family
Education
Loan
(
FFEL)
program
but
provides
loans
to
students
through
federal
capital
rather
than
through
private
lenders.
This
program
is
an
off­
budget
support
program.

3
Formerly
the
Guaranteed
Student
Loan
program.
New
student
loans
guaranteed
by
the
federal
government
and
disbursed
to
borrowers.

4
Student
loans
created
from
institutional
matching
funds
(
1/
3
of
the
federal
contribution).
Excludes
repayments
of
outstanding
loans.

5
Student
loans
created
from
institutional
matching
funds
(
1/
9
of
the
federal
contribution).
This
was
a
demonstration
project
that
involved
only
10
institutions
and
had
unsubsidized
interest
rates.

6
Required
state
matching
contributions.

7
Institutions
award
grants
to
undergraduate
students,
and
the
federal
share
of
such
grants
may
not
exceed
75
percent
of
the
total
grant.

8
Employer
contributions
to
student
earnings.
9
Losses
of
tax
revenue
attributable
to
provisions
of
the
federal
income
tax
laws
that
allow
a
special
exclusion,

exemption
or
deduction
from
gross
income
or
provide
a
special
credit,
preferential
rate
of
tax,
or
a
deferral
of
tax
liability
affecting
individual
or
corporate
income
tax
liabilities.

10
Estimated.

11
Data
adjusted
by
the
federal
funds
composite
deflator
prepared
by
the
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget.

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
To
the
extent
possible,
federal
education
funds
data
represent
outlays
rather
than
obligations.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
compiled
from
data
appearing
in
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
Appendix,
fiscal
years
1967
to
1999;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development,
fiscal
years
1965
to
1998;
``
Estimates
of
Federal
Tax
Expenditures
for
Education,
Selected
Fiscal
Years,
FY
1975
to
FY
1990,''
by
Stephen
M.
Barro;
and
``
Federal
Tax
Expenditures,
FY
1975
to
FY
2001,''
by
Richard
Phelps,
both
prepared
for
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics;

and
unpublished
data
obtained
from
various
federal
agencies.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
398
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
360.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
agency:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Agency
1965
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
........................................................
$
5,331,016
$
12,526,499
$
23,288,120
$
34,493,502
$
34,883,900
$
36,271,011
$
39,027,876
$
39,962,901
$
41,194,718
$
43,454,423
Department
of
Education
................................
1,000,567
4,625,224
7,350,355
13,137,785
14,585,825
15,534,737
16,701,065
17,740,051
16,879,827
18,326,916
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
768,927
960,910
2,219,352
4,562,467
4,340,869
4,616,372
4,782,274
5,041,317
5,189,779
5,481,976
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
9,347
13,990
38,967
135,561
55,090
55,160
55,114
64,613
38,896
38,553
Department
of
Defense
..................................
587,412
821,388
1,009,229
1,560,301
2,487,597
2,625,146
3,119,213
3,354,588
3,695,617
3,461,345
Department
of
Energy
....................................
442,434
551,527
764,676
1,605,558
1,933,068
2,042,881
2,247,822
2,181,391
2,256,799
2,385,966
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
..
1,027,537
1,796,854
3,675,225
5,613,930
4,968,658
4,902,016
5,322,356
5,316,853
6,104,812
6,505,428
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
............................................
221,256
114,709
 
52,768
5,314
2,158
2,000
438
342
463
51
Department
of
the
Interior
..............................
170,088
190,975
300,191
440,547
484,314
576,779
549,479
454,273
485,922
528,409
Department
of
Justice
.....................................
10,252
15,728
61,542
60,721
68,700
62,282
66,802
72,191
79,815
83,405
Department
of
Labor
.......................................
230,041
424,494
1,103,935
1,862,738
1,833,392
1,755,839
1,948,685
1,976,960
2,258,631
2,272,228
Department
of
State
.......................................
64,200
59,742
89,433
25,188
23,813
23,086
23,820
23,401
24,288
38,671
Department
of
Transportation
.........................
 
27,534
52,290
54,712
82,139
83,931
82,035
66,214
75,360
65,134
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
8,240
18
1,118,840
1,247,463
287,300
287,905
290,276
41,257
19,279
32,768
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
......................
97,237
1,032,918
4,402,212
2,351,233
1,672,348
1,445,049
1,289,849
1,055,948
1,002,109
966,549
Other
agencies
and
programs
ACTION
..........................................................
 
 
7,081
2,833
1,830
4,975
1,761
1,368
3,368
4,110
Agency
for
International
Development
...........
63,329
88,034
78,896
176,770
173,629
236,983
198,807
198,929
240,827
242,650
Appalachian
Regional
Commission
................
 
37,838
45,786
19,032
2,899
4,919
4,745
6,582
5,445
6,377
Barry
Goldwater
Scholarship
and
Excellence
in
Education
Foundation
........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service
.....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental
Protection
Agency
..................
 
19,446
33,875
41,083
43,557
43,700
60,521
69,718
67,465
58,053
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
..........................
11,350
33,019
55,487
81,847
97,516
97,385
107,340
101,844
126,942
122,366
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
.....
 
290
290
1,946
1,195
351
1,828
290
290
290
General
Services
Administration
....................
4,013
14,775
22,532
34,800
44,200
50,894
 
 
 
 
Harry
S
Truman
Scholarship
fund
..................
 
 
 
 
1,895
1,795
1,929
1,332
2,441
2,717
2,815
Institute
of
American
Indian
and
Alaskan
Native
Culture
and
Arts
Development
...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institute
of
Museum
and
Library
Services
......
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
James
Madison
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation
..............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,200
Japanese­
United
States
Friendship
Commission
.............................................
 
 
 
2,294
2,364
1,611
2,236
235
3,225
2,274
Library
of
Congress
........................................
15,111
29,478
63,766
151,871
154,198
164,080
169,310
166,130
160,835
160,505
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
..........................................
208,788
258,366
197,901
255,511
367,763
354,528
487,624
490,948
787,391
899,897
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
52,118
55,252
59,521
65,153
National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Science
................................
 
 
449
2,090
681
733
723
781
512
522
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts
...................
 
340
4,754
5,220
4,701
5,197
5,536
5,188
5,394
5,550
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities
........
 
8,459
63,955
142,586
123,315
127,571
125,671
121,125
124,407
125,230
National
Science
Foundation
..........................
181,216
295,628
535,294
808,392
907,917
1,035,746
1,147,115
1,147,273
1,270,415
1,329,520
Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission
....................
 
 
7,093
32,590
37,987
36,400
30,261
27,472
29,176
25,676
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity
......................
189,871
1,092,410
16,619
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Smithsonian
Institution
....................................
2,233
2,461
5,509
5,153
6,073
5,758
7,886
6,191
6,545
5,393
United
States
Arms
Control
Agency
...............
 
100
 
661
157
 
395
276
3,244
2,633
United
States
Information
Agency
..................
7,512
8,423
9,405
66,210
86,556
83,768
143,007
170,514
179,653
189,464
United
States
Institute
of
Peace
.....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
230
4,083
3,476
Other
agencies
...............................................
10,055
1,421
5,949
990
296
1,300
432
715
1,666
1,870
399
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
360.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
agency:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Agency
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
.......................................................
$
48,269,575
$
51,624,342
$
57,599,476
$
60,483,092
$
67,740,618
$
68,254,206
$
71,639,520
$
71,327,361
$
73,136,767
$
75,077,477
Department
of
Education
................................
21,671,232
23,198,575
25,391,310
26,116,013
30,478,215
29,713,408
31,403,000
29,977,805
30,110,555
30,735,581
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
5,793,616
6,260,843
6,875,216
7,586,729
8,067,050
8,494,772
9,092,089
9,281,044
9,793,122
10,179,474
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
47,586
53,835
67,204
80,510
74,354
85,423
88,929
88,667
82,671
75,198
Department
of
Defense
..................................
3,746,031
3,605,509
3,707,276
3,948,471
3,958,746
3,899,582
3,879,002
3,841,697
3,718,148
3,604,849
Department
of
Energy
....................................
2,563,978
2,561,950
2,738,862
2,917,137
2,787,423
2,671,660
2,692,314
3,035,169
3,150,530
3,170,735
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
..
6,952,995
7,956,011
9,470,027
9,362,010
10,885,245
11,921,727
12,469,563
12,886,323
13,266,326
13,565,579
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
............................................
186
118
48
203
401
856
1,613
1,771
1,325
1,398
Department
of
the
Interior
..............................
542,466
630,537
844,830
715,382
723,448
696,649
702,796
665,251
774,715
754,914
Department
of
Justice
.....................................
88,129
99,775
114,653
134,235
148,381
150,398
172,350
220,487
245,942
282,821
Department
of
Labor
.......................................
2,277,556
2,511,380
3,214,695
3,709,531
4,241,590
4,015,434
3,967,914
4,089,862
4,432,267
4,990,139
Department
of
State
.......................................
45,848
51,225
49,086
53,343
69,051
54,414
54,671
55,330
49,393
55,443
Department
of
Transportation
.........................
90,840
76,186
73,699
94,733
115,925
123,106
135,816
106,214
119,190
114,974
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
39,511
41,715
60,356
51,779
56,912
63,301
49,496
59,145
51,085
75,496
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
......................
896,435
757,476
783,789
1,047,579
1,145,108
1,381,925
1,324,382
1,420,731
1,396,746
1,374,221
Other
agencies
and
programs
ACTION
..........................................................
4,800
8,472
11,321
8,600
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
for
International
Development
...........
227,864
249,786
209,018
245,199
242,907
266,582
290,580
324,900
367,120
363,430
Appalachian
Regional
Commission
................
6,145
93
3,907
7,608
7,974
10,242
10,623
8,322
6,347
6,750
Barry
Goldwater
Scholarship
and
Excellence
in
Education
Foundation
........................
753
1,033
1,941
2,900
3,023
2,789
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service
.....................................................
 
 
 
 
8,500
93,250
214,600
279,000
361,000
374,000
Environmental
Protection
Agency
..................
64,517
87,481
62,753
152,012
124,500
98,241
125,721
75,744
82,220
90,360
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
..........................
103,764
104,940
125,835
130,371
139,755
97,752
78,796
70,427
97,146
109,900
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
.....
77
215
33
261
76,467
85,200
170,400
7,500
95,661
50,000
General
Services
Administration
....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Harry
S
Truman
Scholarship
fund
..................
2,851
2,883
2,968
2,401
2,894
2,323
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
Institute
of
American
Indian
and
Alaskan
Native
Culture
and
Arts
Development
...
3,094
4,305
5,447
6,612
7,462
12,213
13,000
6,000
6,000
4,000
Institute
of
Museum
and
Library
Services
......
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
135,000
192,000
James
Madison
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation
...............................................
10,005
191
531
885
1,298
1,464
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Japanese­
United
States
Friendship
Commission
.............................................
3,004
2,299
1,377
1,610
1,503
1,585
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
Library
of
Congress
........................................
177,954
189,827
279,745
296,044
311,453
312,724
241,000
252,000
261,000
277,000
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
..........................................
978,778
1,093,303
1,275,970
1,383,422
1,374,042
1,418,765
1,757,900
1,760,492
1,658,142
1,705,086
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration
..........................................
86,266
77,397
81,462
99,412
106,975
110,411
105,172
104,536
110,541
114,864
National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Science
................................
839
3,281
3,447
1,437
867
724
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts
...................
5,655
5,577
6,498
8,286
7,784
7,221
9,421
4,548
7,222
7,703
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities
........
137,076
141,048
149,832
159,103
160,275
157,468
151,727
93,359
94,770
93,175
National
Science
Foundation
..........................
1,472,835
1,588,891
1,738,471
1,875,072
2,080,154
2,031,024
2,086,195
2,303,485
2,395,037
2,473,321
Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission
....................
25,690
42,328
23,860
27,418
22,934
20,227
22,188
16,828
16,141
13,432
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity
......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Smithsonian
Institution
....................................
5,880
5,779
5,906
6,578
7,828
10,059
9,961
9,908
7,669
7,684
United
States
Arms
Control
Agency
...............
1,619
25
69
100
25
 
 
 
 
 
United
States
Information
Agency
..................
185,521
201,547
208,181
237,226
288,059
230,493
294,800
257,400
219,800
187,000
United
States
Institute
of
Peace
.....................
7,232
7,621
8,238
11,350
10,468
10,794
12,000
11,000
11,000
12,000
Other
agencies
...............................................
947
885
1,616
1,532
1,622
 
500
1,418
2,935
2,950
1
Estimated.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
To
the
extent
possible,
amounts
reported
represent
outlays,
rather
than
obligations
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
data.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
compiled
from
data
appearing
in
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
Appendix,
fiscal
years
1982
to
1999;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development,
fiscal
years
1965
to
1998;
and
unpublished
data
obtained
from
various
federal
agencies.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
400
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1965
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total,
all
programs
.........................
$
5,331,016
$
12,526,499
$
23,288,120
$
34,493,502
$
34,883,900
$
36,271,011
$
39,027,876
$
39,962,901
$
41,194,718
$
43,454,423
Elementary/
secondary
education
programs
................................................
$
1,942,577
$
5,830,442
$
10,617,195
$
16,027,686
$
14,527,848
$
15,292,409
$
16,901,334
$
17,049,940
$
17,535,707
$
18,564,859
Department
of
Education10
.............................
567,343
2,719,204
4,132,742
6,629,095
5,986,633
6,220,820
7,296,702
7,551,973
7,554,487
8,098,436
Grants
for
the
disadvantaged
.................
 
1,339,014
1,874,353
3,204,664
2,645,688
3,077,304
4,206,754
3,404,687
3,209,923
4,027,559
Impact
aid
program11
.............................
349,671
656,372
618,711
690,170
548,205
577,676
647,402
684,311
704,197
707,539
School
improvement
programs
..............
72,298
288,304
700,470
788,918
552,590
631,537
526,401
618,850
889,478
443,468
Indian
education
.....................................
 
 
40,036
93,365
69,603
71,588
82,328
62,067
39,638
18,339
Bilingual
education
.................................
 
21,250
92,693
169,540
163,268
167,400
157,539
119,601
141,483
159,746
Special
education
...................................
13,849
79,090
151,244
821,777
1,289,710
952,778
1,017,964
1,627,894
1,339,241
1,465,985
Vocational
and
adult
education
..............
131,525
335,174
655,235
860,661
717,569
742,537
658,314
1,034,563
1,230,527
1,275,800
Education
Reform
­
Goals
200012
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
623,014
760,477
1,884,345
4,064,497
3,727,171
3,992,808
4,134,906
4,428,143
4,562,093
4,806,766
Child
nutrition
programs13
......................
178,580
299,131
1,452,267
3,377,056
3,278,133
3,536,378
3,664,561
3,819,734
4,044,830
4,286,242
Agricultural
Marketing
Service
 
commodities14
.................................
340,073
341,597
248,839
388,000
362,297
338,764
336,502
344,350
350,118
349,670
Special
milk
program13
..........................
86,609
83,800
122,858
159,293
14,912
16,000
15,993
15,267
15,446
18,342
Estimated
education
share
of
Forest
Service
permanent
appropriations
..
17,752
35,949
60,381
140,148
71,829
101,666
117,850
248,792
151,699
152,512
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
 
 
 
54,816
1,348
337
 
 
 
 
Local
public
works
program
 
school
facilities15
.............................
 
 
 
54,816
1,348
337
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Defense
..................................
73,000
143,100
264,500
370,846
564,885
694,946
831,625
903,493
861,393
988,265
Junior
R.
O.
T.
C.
......................................
 
12,100
12,500
32,000
50,400
44,300
55,600
58,600
57,440
45,300
Overseas
dependents
schools
...............
73,000
131,000
252,000
338,846
414,485
546,072
613,437
691,437
664,941
773,810
Section
VI
schools11
..............................
 
 
 
 
100,000
104,574
162,588
153,456
139,012
169,155
Department
of
Energy16
.................................
100
200
300
77,633
40,798
22,469
23,031
21,385
12,061
12,931
Energy
conservation
for
school
buildings17
.......................................
 
 
 
77,240
40,634
22,269
22,731
21,000
11,761
12,611
Pre­
engineering
program
.......................
100
200
300
393
164
200
300
385
300
320
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services18
79,999
167,333
683,885
1,077,000
1,265,000
1,472,750
1,531,059
1,455,315
1,555,542
1,651,324
Head
Start19
...........................................
 
 
403,900
735,000
912,000
995,750
1,075,059
1,040,315
1,130,542
1,206,324
Payments
to
states
for
AFDC
work
programs20
......................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Social
Security
student
benefits21
..........
79,999
167,333
279,985
342,000
353,000
477,000
456,000
415,000
425,000
445,000
Department
of
the
Interior
..............................
130,096
140,705
220,392
318,170
346,242
393,529
389,810
308,089
344,183
379,645
Mineral
Leasing
Act
and
other
funds:
Payments
to
states
 
estimated
education
share
.......................
11,075
12,294
27,389
62,636
123,670
170,645
127,369
98,606
87,437
92,227
Payments
to
counties
 
estimated
education
share
.......................
10,731
16,359
29,494
48,953
20,220
24,221
59,016
5,615
36,455
34,922
Indian
Education:
Bureau
of
Indian
Affairs
schools
.....
92,603
95,850
141,056
178,112
176,878
173,141
177,265
181,235
195,994
231,512
Johnson­
O'Malley
assistance22
......
15,534
16,080
22,251
28,081
25,077
25,029
25,675
22,053
22,824
20,400
Education
expenses
for
children
of
employees,
Yellowstone
National
Park
..............
153
122
202
388
397
493
485
580
1,473
584
Department
of
Justice
.....................................
6,402
8,237
9,822
23,890
30,462
31,759
36,117
39,684
44,531
50,679
Vocational
training
expenses
for
prisoners
in
federal
prisons23
.........
1,466
2,720
3,039
4,966
8,230
7,377
8,292
8,744
8,744
8,679
Inmate
programs24
.................................
4,936
5,517
6,783
18,924
22,232
24,382
27,825
30,940
35,787
42,000
Department
of
Labor
.......................................
230,041
420,927
1,097,811
1,849,800
1,827,000
1,751,039
1,945,268
1,976,619
2,258,199
2,266,700
Job
Corps25
............................................
 
 
175,000
469,800
563,000
595,772
604,748
632,619
678,599
712,218
Training
programs
 
estimated
funds
for
education
programs26
.....................
230,041
420,927
922,811
1,380,000
1,264,000
1,155,267
1,340,520
1,344,000
1,579,600
1,554,482
Department
of
Transportation27
.....................
 
45
50
60
65
105
60
60
55
50
Tuition
assistance
for
educational
accreditation
 
Coast
Guard
personnel28
................
 
45
50
60
65
105
60
60
55
50
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
32
 
847,139
935,903
273,728
273,278
273,728
25,085
 
 
Estimated
education
share
of
general
revenue
sharing:
29
State30
.............................................
 
 
475,224
525,019
 
 
 
 
 
 
Local
................................................
 
 
371,915
410,884
273,728
273,278
273,728
25,085
 
 
Tuition
assistance
for
educational
accreditation
 
Coast
Guard
personnel28
................
32
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs31
...................
41,250
338,910
1,371,500
545,786
378,663
351,940
344,758
251,782
235,297
196,159
Noncollegiate
and
job
training
programs32
......................................
14,550
281,640
1,249,410
439,993
244,060
227,991
224,035
137,805
119,702
76,367
Vocational
rehabilitation
for
disabled
veterans33
.........................
17,400
41,700
73,100
87,980
117,598
110,187
107,480
103,159
105,947
112,058
Dependents'
education34
.......................
9,300
15,570
48,990
17,813
17,005
13,762
13,243
10,818
9,648
7,734
Service
members
occupational
conversion
and
training
act
of
1992
23,35
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
agencies
Appalachian
Regional
Commission36
....
 
33,161
41,667
9,157
2,801
4,589
4,632
4,632
5,323
5,327
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts37
........
 
 
3,686
4,989
4,069
4,378
4,399
4,060
4,099
4,350
Arts
in
education
.............................
 
 
3,686
4,989
4,069
4,378
4,399
4,060
4,099
4,350
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities38
...................................
 
20
149
330
510
462
321
460
352
826
401
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1989
1990
1
1991
2
1992
3
1993
4
1994
5
1995
6
1996
7
1997
8
1998
9
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total,
all
programs
.........................
$
48,269,575
$
51,624,342
$
57,599,476
$
60,483,092
$
67,740,618
$
68,254,206
$
71,639,520
$
71,327,361
$
73,136,767
$
75,077,477
Elementary/
secondary
education
programs
................................................
$
19,809,528
$
21,984,361
$
25,418,031
$
27,926,888
$
30,834,326
$
32,304,357
$
33,623,809
$
34,391,501
$
35,478,905
$
36,818,774
Department
of
Education10
.............................
8,869,300
9,681,313
10,865,336
12,057,746
13,058,974
13,769,196
14,029,000
14,323,770
14,511,199
14,787,265
Grants
for
the
disadvantaged
.................
4,185,357
4,494,111
5,218,749
6,158,813
6,615,047
6,845,651
6,808,000
7,020,460
7,201,565
6,235,944
Impact
aid
program11
.............................
755,477
816,366
753,530
794,794
432,153
829,952
808,000
952,277
656,474
1,007,323
School
improvement
programs
..............
975,237
1,189,158
1,375,910
1,514,892
2,032,552
1,469,964
1,397,000
1,247,360
1,276,599
1,391,141
Indian
education
.....................................
65,683
69,451
65,639
68,523
99,925
79,095
71,000
77,402
55,989
55,016
Bilingual
education
.................................
164,759
188,919
186,748
198,332
124,778
221,681
225,000
184,529
181,257
279,504
Special
education
...................................
1,880,751
1,616,623
2,174,358
2,243,338
2,564,070
2,980,328
3,177,000
3,222,180
3,305,477
3,812,384
Vocational
and
adult
education
..............
842,036
1,306,685
1,090,402
1,079,054
1,190,449
1,340,762
1,482,000
1,348,064
1,402,369
1,337,861
Education
Reform
­
Goals
200012
.........
 
 
 
 
 
1,763
61,000
271,498
431,469
668,092
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
5,104,502
5,528,950
6,074,735
6,714,082
7,154,483
7,604,447
8,201,294
8,408,072
8,830,229
9,320,189
Child
nutrition
programs13
......................
4,555,581
4,977,075
5,536,966
6,126,983
6,596,588
7,043,699
7,644,789
7,875,000
8,300,000
8,800,000
Agricultural
Marketing
Service
 
commodities14
.................................
342,071
350,441
350,859
400,000
389,900
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
Special
milk
program13
..........................
18,544
18,707
19,900
19,178
15,535
(
12)
(
12)
(
12)
(
12)
(
12)
Estimated
education
share
of
Forest
Service
permanent
appropriations
..
188,306
182,727
167,010
167,921
152,460
160,748
156,505
133,072
130,229
120,189
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Local
public
works
program
 
school
facilities15
.............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Defense
..................................
1,059,259
1,097,876
1,253,105
1,197,318
1,259,374
1,210,168
1,295,547
1,313,126
1,351,788
1,316,587
Junior
R.
O.
T.
C.
......................................
53,930
39,300
53,174
54,746
84,100
95,500
155,600
163,800
164,226
162,265
Overseas
dependents
schools
...............
821,365
864,958
960,293
912,916
895,674
849,649
855,772
813,270
832,577
852,142
Section
VI
schools11
..............................
183,964
193,618
239,638
229,656
279,600
265,019
284,175
336,056
354,985
302,180
Department
of
Energy16
.................................
12,851
15,563
15,676
15,236
6,254
11,615
12,646
 
 
 
Energy
conservation
for
school
buildings17
.......................................
12,442
15,213
14,206
12,586
5,054
10,535
10,746
 
 
 
Pre­
engineering
program
.......................
409
350
1,470
2,650
1,200
1,080
1,900
 
 
 
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services18
1,789,026
2,396,793
2,997,194
3,310,200
4,114,498
4,669,181
5,116,559
5,185,871
5,110,233
5,195,442
Head
Start19
...........................................
1,234,869
1,447,758
1,951,775
2,201,800
2,776,286
3,215,946
3,534,000
3,570,000
3,980,546
4,355,000
Payments
to
states
for
AFDC
work
programs20
......................................
85,511
459,221
545,700
594,184
736,474
838,981
953,000
931,000
453,000
160,000
Social
Security
student
benefits21
..........
468,646
489,814
499,719
514,216
601,738
614,254
629,559
684,871
676,687
680,442
Department
of
the
Interior
..............................
379,381
445,267
644,770
517,666
536,483
485,758
493,124
486,463
558,395
535,603
Mineral
Leasing
Act
and
other
funds:
Payments
to
states
 
estimated
education
share
.......................
114,414
123,811
131,683
122,045
108,924
21,693
18,750
17,940
28,000
18,000
Payments
to
counties
 
estimated
education
share
.......................
54,804
102,522
35,038
45,805
34,903
39,819
37,490
39,000
61,000
39,000
Indian
Education:
Bureau
of
Indian
Affairs
schools
.....
186,643
192,841
452,521
325,582
368,817
399,234
411,524
408,889
450,218
460,387
Johnson­
O'Malley
assistance22
......
23,000
25,556
24,931
23,590
22,980
24,326
24,359
19,634
18,177
17,216
Education
expenses
for
children
of
employees,
Yellowstone
National
Park
..............
520
538
597
644
859
686
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Department
of
Justice
.....................................
58,523
65,997
78,050
94,724
107,857
112,447
128,850
175,900
191,400
222,200
Vocational
training
expenses
for
prisoners
in
federal
prisons23
.........
6,933
2,066
1,748
1,944
1,725
1,240
3,000
 
3,500
1,000
1,000
Inmate
programs24
.................................
51,590
63,931
76,302
92,780
106,132
111,207
125,850
179,400
190,400
221,200
Department
of
Labor
.......................................
2,271,966
2,505,487
3,209,147
3,708,362
4,240,990
4,011,184
3,957,800
4,084,000
4,432,000
4,990,000
Job
Corps25
............................................
771,966
739,376
805,270
925,826
949,287
964,234
1,029,000
1,114,000
1,185,000
1,203,000
Training
programs
 
estimated
funds
for
education
programs26
.....................
1,500,000
1,766,111
2,403,877
2,782,536
3,291,703
3,046,950
2,928,800
2,970,000
3,247,000
3,787,000
Department
of
Transportation27
.....................
40
46
31
60
60
60
62
40
40
40
Tuition
assistance
for
educational
accreditation
 
Coast
Guard
personnel28
................
40
46
31
60
60
60
62
40
40
40
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated
education
share
of
general
revenue
sharing:
29
State30
.............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Local
................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tuition
assistance
for
educational
accreditation
 
Coast
Guard
personnel28
................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs31
...................
168,865
155,351
167,040
190,608
222,567
335,866
311,768
344,298
402,229
347,831
Noncollegiate
and
job
training
programs32
......................................
43,696
12,848
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vocational
rehabilitation
for
disabled
veterans33
.........................
118,749
136,780
161,096
184,500
216,276
265,597
298,132
349,637
386,000
338,000
Dependents'
education34
.......................
6,420
5,723
5,944
6,108
5,840
5,740
5,961
4,493
5,236
5,331
Service
members
occupational
conversion
and
training
act
of
1992
23,35
...............................
 
 
 
 
451
64,529
7,675
 
9,832
10,993
4,500
Other
agencies
Appalachian
Regional
Commission36
....
5,145
93
3,790
5,182
5,382
2,529
2,173
2,862
1,700
1,900
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts37
........
4,462
4,641
4,870
5,000
5,000
5,000
7,117
4,030
4,382
5,398
Arts
in
education
.............................
4,462
4,641
4,870
5,000
5,000
5,000
7,117
4,030
4,382
5,398
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities38
...................................
698
404
590
809
1,645
278
997
101
310
320
402
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1965
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity39
..........
182,793
1,072,375
16,619
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Head
Start40
....................................
96,400
325,700
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
elementary
and
secondary
programs41
...............................
20,000
42,809
16,612
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Job
Corps42
.....................................
34,000
144,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Youth
Corps
and
other
training
programs43
...............................
31,000
553,368
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volunteers
in
Service
to
America
(
VISTA)
44
.................................
1,393
6,498
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
programs
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
..............
8,507
25,748
42,588
65,714
78,473
77,200
84,918
79,160
98,092
103,400
Postsecondary
education
programs
..........
$
1,197,511
$
3,447,697
$
7,644,037
$
11,115,882
$
10,918,099
$
10,329,650
$
11,174,379
$
11,283,589
$
10,299,998
$
10,657,530
Department
of
Education10
.............................
237,955
1,187,962
2,089,184
5,682,242
7,213,341
7,341,239
8,202,499
8,444,924
7,438,674
8,247,103
Student
financial
assistance45
...............
 
 
 
3,682,789
4,043,597
3,743,262
4,162,695
4,585,210
4,779,817
5,219,916
Federal
Direct
Student
Loan
Program46
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
Family
Education
Loan
Program47
.......................................
 
2,323
111,087
1,407,977
2,555,539
3,245,226
3,534,795
3,322,734
2,548,179
2,779,304
Higher
education
....................................
218,264
1,029,131
1,838,066
399,787
364,422
419,200
404,511
402,035
419,105
411,775
Facilities
 
loans
and
insurance23
..........
3,588
114,199
16,292
 
19,031
21,148
 
945
5,307
1,920
 
84,866
 
43,282
College
housing
loans
23,48
....................
 
 
 
14,082
 
16,510
 
238,818
 
164,061
 
73,992
 
558,178
 
372,778
Educational
activities
overseas23
...........
129
774
1,881
3,561
1,243
1,259
1,838
 
1,413
 
8
233
Historically
Black
Colleges
and
Universities
Capital
Financing,
Program
Account49
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gallaudet
College
and
Howard
University
..........................................
15,974
38,559
111,971
176,829
216,782
148,600
229,938
171,729
299,085
224,781
National
Technical
Institute
for
the
Deaf50
.......................................
 
2,976
9,887
16,248
27,120
23,455
27,476
36,701
35,540
27,154
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
 
 
6,450
10,453
16,241
17,241
17,741
16,877
16,877
27,799
Agriculture
Extension
Service,
Second
Morrill
Act
payments
to
agricultural
and
mechanical
colleges
and
Tuskegee
Institute51
........................
 
 
6,450
10,453
16,241
17,241
17,741
16,877
16,877
27,799
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
5,081
8,277
14,973
29,971
2,282
2,223
2,163
2,207
2,061
2,420
Sea
Grant
Program52
.............................
 
 
1,886
3,123
2,282
2,223
2,163
2,207
2,061
2,420
Merchant
Marine
Academy53
.................
3,570
6,160
10,152
14,809
 
 
 
 
 
 
State
marine
schools53
..........................
1,511
2,117
2,935
12,039
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Defense54
...............................
77,500
322,100
379,800
545,000
810,500
857,700
1,041,700
1,068,300
1,079,768
573,400
Tuition
assistance
for
military
personnel
 
57,500
86,800
(
55)
61,300
68,900
77,100
89,700
111,368
134,500
Service
academies56
..............................
77,500
78,700
86,200
106,100
151,900
160,700
196,400
214,500
223,700
109,100
Senior
R.
O.
T.
C.
......................................
 
108,100
116,500
(
55)
345,700
395,100
354,000
362,000
382,440
179,200
Professional
development
education57
..
 
77,800
90,300
(
55)
251,600
233,000
414,200
402,100
362,260
150,600
Department
of
Energy16
.................................
3,000
3,000
3,000
57,701
31,158
19,012
19,475
18,051
19,225
22,609
University
laboratory
cooperative
program
...........................................
3,000
3,000
3,000
2,800
4,284
3,467
6,500
5,714
9,859
13,571
Teacher
development
projects58
............
 
 
 
1,400
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graduate
traineeship
programs
23,59
......
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52
 
4
 
26
Energy
conservation
for
buildings
 
higher
education17
..........................
 
 
 
53,501
26,874
15,395
12,705
11,815
8,500
7,746
Minority
honors
vocational
training60
.....
 
 
 
 
 
150
150
230
390
598
Honors
research
program60
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
120
240
480
720
Students
and
teachers61
........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services18
469,223
981,483
1,686,650
2,412,058
1,209,860
629,690
516,088
492,524
506,093
509,927
Health
professions
training
programs62
139,795
353,029
599,350
460,736
172,004
180,715
212,200
198,004
202,710
210,404
Indian
health
manpower63
......................
 
 
 
7,187
5,692
5,471
5,577
4,750
7,018
5,998
National
Health
Service
Corps
scholarships
....................................
 
 
1,206
70,667
32,016
14,526
2,268
2,130
2,277
4,100
National
Institutes
of
Health
training
grants64
...........................................
 
 
154,875
176,388
164,654
166,462
217,927
217,943
222,542
238,430
National
Institute
of
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
training
grants
...............
4,327
8,088
7,182
12,899
5,760
8,760
8,760
8,383
9,900
9,718
Alcohol,
drug
abuse,
and
mental
health
training
programs65
.........................
85,101
118,366
83,727
122,103
59,380
27,607
43,617
46,216
61,075
40,726
Health
teaching
facilities
........................
 
 
353
3,078
40,354
6,149
739
15,098
571
551
Social
Security
postsecondary
students'
benefits66
.........................................
240,000
502,000
839,957
1,559,000
730,000
220,000
25,000
 
 
 
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development23
.......................................
220,744
114,199
 
55,418
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
College
housing
loans
23,48
....................
220,744
114,199
 
55,418
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
the
Interior
..............................
30,153
31,749
50,844
80,202
109,456
146,750
125,247
109,744
108,386
113,661
Shared
revenues,
Mineral
Leasing
Act
and
other
receipts
 
estimated
education
share
...............................
6,260
6,949
15,480
35,403
69,900
96,451
71,991
55,733
49,421
52,117
Indian
programs:
Continuing
education67
...................
8,993
9,380
13,311
16,909
14,951
25,299
24,338
24,167
25,986
30,822
Higher
education
scholarships
........
14,900
15,420
22,053
27,890
24,605
25,000
28,918
29,844
32,979
30,722
Department
of
State
.......................................
53,420
30,850
50,347
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,120
Educational
exchange68
.........................
53,420
30,850
50,347
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mutual
educational
and
cultural
exchange
activities
...................
47,025
30,454
50,300
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
International
educational
exchange
activities
...................
6,395
396
47
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Russian,
Eurasian,
and
East
European
Research
and
Training69
................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,120
403
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1989
1990
1
1991
2
1992
3
1993
4
1994
5
1995
6
1996
7
1997
8
1998
9
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity39
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Head
Start40
....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
elementary
and
secondary
programs41
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Job
Corps42
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Youth
Corps
and
other
training
programs43
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volunteers
in
Service
to
America
(
VISTA)
44
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
programs
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
..............
85,510
86,579
103,697
109,894
120,759
86,627
66,871
62,968
85,000
96,000
Postsecondary
education
programs
..........
$
13,269,888
$
13,650,915
$
14,707,406
$
14,387,386
$
17,844,015
$
16,177,051
$
17,618,137
$
15,775,507
$
15,959,426
$
15,989,999
Department
of
Education10
.............................
10,640,044
11,175,978
12,002,766
11,323,584
14,660,704
12,871,390
14,234,000
12,257,553
12,377,033
12,406,056
Student
financial
assistance45
...............
5,859,774
5,920,328
6,333,839
7,071,440
7,678,293
7,118,034
7,047,000
6,861,599
7,247,288
8,352,775
Federal
Direct
Student
Loan
Program46
 
 
 
 
10,000
148,247
840,000
594,761
659,521
941,029
Federal
Family
Education
Loan
Program47
.......................................
3,899,387
4,372,446
4,781,918
3,253,648
5,554,920
4,509,696
5,190,000
3,663,956
3,313,835
1,967,843
Higher
education
....................................
606,849
659,492
615,372
718,406
1,041,583
796,278
871,000
846,517
876,944
855,672
Facilities
 
loans
and
insurance23
..........
10,182
19,219
34,805
25,984
 
2,976
 
5,605
 
6,000
8,837
787
 
1,124
College
housing
loans
23,48
....................
 
31,299
 
57,167
 
33,249
 
39,907
 
28,355
 
18,434
 
46,000
 
34,815
 
42,697
 
32,028
Educational
activities
overseas23
...........
374
82
 
47
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Historically
Black
Colleges
and
Universities
Capital
Financing,
Program
Account49
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
129
 
323
150
130
Gallaudet
College
and
Howard
University
..........................................
258,519
230,327
233,209
263,497
353,390
280,945
292,000
273,904
278,373
279,881
National
Technical
Institute
for
the
Deaf50
.......................................
36,258
31,251
36,919
30,516
53,849
42,100
46,000
42,471
42,832
41,878
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
27,799
31,273
32,302
34,238
32,730
25,472
33,373
32,872
32,639
32,639
Agriculture
Extension
Service,
Second
Morrill
Act
payments
to
agricultural
and
mechanical
colleges
and
Tuskegee
Institute51
........................
27,799
31,273
32,302
34,238
32,730
25,472
33,373
32,872
32,639
32,639
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
2,765
3,312
4,334
3,270
3,549
4,000
3,487
3,384
3,429
3,429
Sea
Grant
Program52
.............................
2,765
3,312
4,334
3,270
3,549
4,000
3,487
3,384
3,429
3,429
Merchant
Marine
Academy53
.................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State
marine
schools53
..........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Defense54
...............................
746,464
635,769
665,059
680,194
696,800
679,000
729,500
864,900
913,554
923,462
Tuition
assistance
for
military
personnel
236,089
95,300
92,800
102,400
123,400
130,200
127,000
260,300
271,892
275,433
Service
academies56
..............................
115,150
120,613
132,487
125,146
128,000
141,500
163,300
171,700
183,726
191,438
Senior
R.
O.
T.
C.
......................................
198,325
193,056
198,072
193,348
184,100
195,300
219,400
218,200
228,593
225,377
Professional
development
education57
..
196,900
226,800
241,700
259,300
261,300
212,000
219,800
214,700
229,343
231,214
Department
of
Energy16
.................................
15,062
25,502
30,851
34,373
17,654
17,951
28,027
 
 
 
University
laboratory
cooperative
program
...........................................
5,929
9,402
19,330
19,100
4,000
3,600
8,552
 
 
 
Teacher
development
projects58
............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Graduate
traineeship
programs
23,59
......
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Energy
conservation
for
buildings
 
higher
education17
..........................
6,493
7,459
7,411
9,573
6,654
8,051
7,381
 
 
 
Minority
honors
vocational
training60
.....
720
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Honors
research
program60
...................
820
6,472
1,000
1,000
1,000
900
2,221
 
 
 
Students
and
teachers61
........................
1,100
2,169
3,110
4,700
6,000
5,400
9,873
 
 
 
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services18
542,796
578,542
697,385
743,456
720,911
795,914
796,035
798,596
801,884
793,072
Health
professions
training
programs62
223,811
230,600
271,937
305,829
299,785
305,549
298,302
273,519
313,672
291,079
Indian
health
manpower63
......................
5,972
9,508
13,379
19,460
26,100
26,398
27,000
26,000
28,000
29,000
National
Health
Service
Corps
scholarships
....................................
6,531
4,759
48,795
58,706
33,323
79,250
78,206
28,847
30,000
30,000
National
Institutes
of
Health
training
grants64
...........................................
255,558
241,356
268,492
348,034
350,804
372,698
380,502
457,000
416,992
429,820
National
Institute
of
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
training
grants
...............
10,095
10,461
10,472
10,972
10,472
11,622
11,660
12,898
12,923
12,948
Alcohol,
drug
abuse,
and
mental
health
training
programs65
.........................
40,301
81,353
83,829
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Health
teaching
facilities
........................
528
505
481
455
427
397
365
332
297
225
Social
Security
postsecondary
students'
benefits66
.........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development23
.......................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
College
housing
loans
23,48
....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
the
Interior
..............................
123,529
135,480
141,523
140,266
132,916
156,734
159,054
132,478
165,611
167,832
Shared
revenues,
Mineral
Leasing
Act
and
other
receipts
 
estimated
education
share
...............................
64,669
69,980
74,430
68,982
61,566
79,815
82,810
59,020
89,310
86,190
Indian
programs:
Continuing
education67
...................
28,424
34,911
36,875
38,970
39,840
43,184
43,907
47,173
49,820
52,118
Higher
education
scholarships
........
30,436
30,589
30,218
32,315
31,510
33,735
32,337
26,285
26,481
29,524
Department
of
State
.......................................
4,422
2,167
6,396
9,057
10,211
7,842
3,000
2,000
 
 
Educational
exchange68
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mutual
educational
and
cultural
exchange
activities
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
International
educational
exchange
activities
...................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Russian,
Eurasian,
and
East
European
Research
and
Training69
................
4,422
2,167
6,396
9,057
10,211
7,842
3,000
2,000
 
 
404
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1965
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Department
of
Transportation27
.....................
 
11,197
11,885
12,530
46,177
57,245
55,569
44,074
47,226
44,998
Merchant
Marine
Academy53
.................
 
 
 
 
23,211
18,739
19,898
19,505
20,476
20,579
State
marine
schools70
..........................
 
 
 
 
9,383
23,733
19,777
8,363
12,073
7,961
Coast
Guard
Academy28
........................
 
9,342
9,780
10,000
10,329
11,364
11,857
11,845
10,086
10,810
Postgraduate
training
for
Coast
Guard
officers71
..........................................
 
1,655
1,855
2,230
2,891
2,959
3,499
3,807
3,978
5,084
Tuition
assistance
to
Coast
Guard
military
personnel28
.........................
 
200
250
300
363
450
538
554
613
564
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
8,208
 
268,605
296,750
 
 
 
 
 
 
General
revenue
sharing
 
estimated
state
share
to
higher
education
29,30
 
 
268,605
296,750
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coast
Guard
Academy28
........................
6,815
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Postgraduate
training
for
Coast
Guard
officers71
..........................................
1,293
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tuition
assistance
to
Coast
Guard
military
personnel28
.........................
100
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs31
...................
55,650
693,490
3,029,600
1,803,847
1,292,885
1,092,609
944,091
803,166
764,561
768,090
Vietnam­
era
veterans:
72
.........................
33,950
638,260
2,840,600
1,579,974
1,077,391
861,310
694,217
514,476
411,967
345,242
College
student
support
..................
 
 
 
1,560,081
1,052,859
839,135
679,953
504,290
403,527
337,568
Work­
study
......................................
 
 
 
19,893
24,532
22,175
14,264
10,186
8,440
7,674
Service
persons
college
support73
.........
 
18,900
74,690
46,617
36,054
38,896
35,630
30,707
28,410
33,472
Post­
Vietnam
veterans74
........................
 
 
 
922
24,871
52,241
82,554
121,929
171,752
203,262
All­
volunteer­
force
educational
assistance:
75
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
196
24,171
45,688
73,731
Veterans76
.......................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
107
8,386
Reservists77
....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
196
24,169
45,581
65,345
Veteran
dependents'
education78
..........
21,700
36,330
114,310
176,334
154,569
140,162
131,494
111,883
106,744
100,883
Payments
to
state
education
agencies79
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11,500
Other
agencies
Appalachian
Regional
Commission36
....
 
4,105
2,545
1,751
 
 
 
1,950
30
1,050
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities38
...................................
 
3,349
25,320
56,451
48,457
52,359
49,098
42,346
48,679
47,601
National
Science
Foundation
.................
27,170
42,000
60,283
64,583
50,126
29,746
60,069
74,151
85,494
97,466
Science
and
engineering
education
programs
..................................
27,170
37,000
60,283
64,583
50,126
29,746
60,069
74,151
85,494
97,466
Sea
Grant
Program52
......................
 
5,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United
States
Information
Agency80
......
7,512
8,423
9,405
51,095
69,298
64,394
124,041
148,483
162,897
166,705
Educational
and
cultural
affairs68
...
 
 
 
49,546
68,041
17,414
21,079
23,008
24,313
29,724
Educational
and
cultural
exchange
programs81
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
45,570
101,529
125,246
138,039
136,646
Educational
exchange
activities,
international
..............................
 
 
 
1,549
1,257
1,410
1,433
229
545
335
Information
center
and
library
activities82
................................
7,512
8,423
9,405
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
programs
Barry
Goldwater
Scholarship
and
Excellence
in
Education
Foundation83
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
..............
1,895
5,513
10,564
13,143
16,523
17,513
15,266
14,351
17,310
14,566
Harry
S
Truman
Scholarship
fund
23,84
..
 
 
 
 
1,895
1,795
1,929
1,332
2,441
2,717
2,815
Institute
of
American
Indian
and
Alaskan
Native
Culture
and
Arts
Development85
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
James
Madison
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation86
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,200
Other
education
programs
..........................
$
374,652
$
964,719
$
1,608,478
$
1,548,730
$
2,204,147
$
2,710,402
$
2,107,588
$
2,620,021
$
2,820,407
$
2,981,571
Department
of
Education10
.............................
182,021
630,235
1,045,659
747,706
1,326,271
1,813,128
1,173,055
1,674,171
1,825,754
1,938,998
Administration
.........................................
17,732
47,456
108,372
187,317
247,966
307,447
284,900
263,216
285,296
295,615
Libraries87
...............................................
26,111
108,284
225,810
129,127
124,451
87,059
85,650
96,406
129,062
101,202
Rehabilitative
services
and
disability
research
..........................................
137,313
473,091
709,483
426,886
948,650
1,414,396
798,298
1,311,485
1,405,357
1,536,905
American
Printing
House
for
the
Blind
...
865
1,404
1,994
4,349
5,174
4,054
4,230
3,031
5,989
5,234
Trust
funds
and
contributions23
.............
 
 
 
27
30
172
 
23
33
50
42
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
87,551
135,637
220,395
271,112
322,430
327,123
336,375
322,599
330,866
342,523
Extension
Service
...................................
85,924
131,734
215,523
263,584
312,413
317,099
325,986
311,132
322,095
330,164
National
Agricultural
Library
...................
1,627
3,903
4,872
7,528
10,017
10,024
10,389
11,467
8,771
12,359
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
251
1,226
2,317
2,479
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maritime
Administration:
Training
for
private
sector
employees53
.............................
251
1,226
2,317
2,479
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services18
3,953
24,273
31,653
37,819
44,899
48,876
47,195
59,306
59,770
62,060
National
Library
of
Medicine
..................
3,953
24,273
31,653
37,819
44,899
48,876
47,195
59,306
59,770
62,060
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
..........................................
512
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urban
mass
transportation
 
managerial
training
grants88
..............................
512
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Justice
.....................................
3,850
5,546
42,818
27,642
31,082
23,723
25,517
27,412
26,293
26,361
F.
B.
I.
National
Academy
........................
1,850
2,066
5,100
7,234
8,832
4,285
4,189
3,946
4,408
5,385
F.
B.
I.
Field
Police
Academy
...................
1,450
2,500
5,254
7,715
8,792
8,069
10,220
9,756
8,984
9,995
Narcotics
and
dangerous
drug
training
..
550
980
1,152
2,416
1,740
63
83
68
 
142
National
Institute
of
Corrections89
..........
 
 
31,312
10,277
11,718
11,306
11,025
13,642
12,901
10,839
Department
of
State
.......................................
10,780
20,672
28,113
25,000
23,784
23,086
23,791
23,371
23,856
33,308
Foreign
Service
Institute
........................
6,395
15,857
20,750
25,000
23,784
23,086
23,791
23,371
23,856
33,308
Center
for
Cultural
and
Technical
Interchange68
..................................
4,385
4,815
7,363
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
405
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1989
1990
1
1991
2
1992
3
1993
4
1994
5
1995
6
1996
7
1997
8
1998
9
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Department
of
Transportation27
.....................
63,559
46,025
50,459
57,239
57,576
59,940
59,257
53,518
58,337
59,328
Merchant
Marine
Academy53
.................
20,611
20,926
22,855
27,007
26,788
30,241
30,850
31,000
31,000
32,000
State
marine
schools70
..........................
26,062
8,269
8,829
11,072
10,320
10,270
8,980
7,000
7,000
7,000
Coast
Guard
Academy28
........................
11,740
12,074
12,074
13,071
13,602
13,103
13,500
9,553
13,918
13,965
Postgraduate
training
for
Coast
Guard
officers71
..........................................
4,621
4,173
6,060
5,788
6,306
6,026
5,513
5,511
5,519
5,363
Tuition
assistance
to
Coast
Guard
military
personnel28
.........................
525
582
641
301
560
300
414
454
900
1,000
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General
revenue
sharing
 
estimated
state
share
to
higher
education
29,30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coast
Guard
Academy28
........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Postgraduate
training
for
Coast
Guard
officers71
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tuition
assistance
to
Coast
Guard
military
personnel28
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs31
...................
725,270
599,825
614,449
854,480
919,991
1,043,709
1,010,114
1,074,713
992,665
1,024,776
Vietnam­
era
veterans:
72
.........................
264,702
46,998
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
College
student
support
..................
258,982
39,458
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Work­
study
......................................
5,720
7,540
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service
persons
college
support73
.........
34,399
8,911
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Post­
Vietnam
veterans74
........................
195,142
161,475
118,139
88,500
65,894
48,114
33,596
44,387
16,279
11,731
All­
volunteer­
force
educational
assistance:
75
...................................
122,222
269,947
380,720
650,540
745,786
886,951
868,394
922,807
863,906
898,759
Veterans76
.......................................
43,423
183,765
303,861
530,820
626,669
769,481
760,390
809,336
781,296
807,533
Reservists77
....................................
78,799
86,182
76,859
119,720
119,117
117,470
108,004
113,471
82,610
91,226
Veteran
dependents'
education78
..........
96,805
100,494
103,590
103,440
96,311
96,644
95,124
94,519
99,480
101,286
Payments
to
state
education
agencies79
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
13,000
13,000
13,000
13,000
Other
agencies
Appalachian
Regional
Commission36
....
825
 
92
1,487
1,587
3,413
2,741
2,704
2,981
3,100
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities38
...................................
51,449
50,938
55,861
58,512
57,804
58,404
56,481
30,896
25,792
20,505
National
Science
Foundation
.................
130,187
161,884
191,661
210,375
246,591
225,168
211,800
262,000
355,000
358,000
Science
and
engineering
education
programs
..................................
130,187
161,884
191,661
210,375
246,591
225,168
211,800
262,000
355,000
358,000
Sea
Grant
Program52
......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United
States
Information
Agency80
......
164,807
181,172
185,905
207,676
256,068
200,429
260,800
239,400
204,800
172,000
Educational
and
cultural
affairs68
...
21,596
35,862
35,714
38,858
44,183
28,927
13,600
17,000
12,000
 
Educational
and
cultural
exchange
programs81
...............................
143,194
145,307
150,183
168,818
211,885
171,502
247,200
222,400
192,800
172,000
Educational
exchange
activities,
international
..............................
17
3
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Information
center
and
library
activities82
................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
programs
Barry
Goldwater
Scholarship
and
Excellence
in
Education
Foundation83
...................................
753
1,033
1,941
2,900
3,023
2,789
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
..............
14,207
14,637
17,477
16,382
14,247
8,896
9,468
6,494
11,700
12,800
Harry
S
Truman
Scholarship
fund
23,84
..
2,851
2,883
2,968
2,401
2,894
2,323
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
Institute
of
American
Indian
and
Alaskan
Native
Culture
and
Arts
Development85
.................................
3,094
4,305
5,447
6,612
7,462
12,213
13,000
6,000
6,000
4,000
James
Madison
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation86
...................................
10,005
191
531
885
1,298
1,464
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
Other
education
programs
..........................
$
3,180,334
$
3,383,031
$
3,698,617
$
3,991,955
$
4,107,193
$
4,483,704
$
4,719,655
$
4,828,038
$
5,021,163
$
5,171,360
Department
of
Education10
.............................
2,071,574
2,251,801
2,419,277
2,579,883
2,526,372
2,795,984
2,861,000
3,085,587
2,882,329
2,961,776
Administration
.........................................
301,260
328,293
365,681
368,420
353,545
403,877
404,000
502,949
412,629
437,080
Libraries87
...............................................
140,398
137,264
142,596
214,928
181,219
142,223
117,000
167,585
 
 
Rehabilitative
services
and
disability
research
..........................................
1,623,255
1,780,360
1,902,338
1,991,875
1,983,848
2,244,226
2,333,000
2,410,178
2,462,236
2,515,356
American
Printing
House
for
the
Blind
...
6,645
5,736
8,242
4,587
7,774
5,636
7,000
4,693
7,308
9,220
Trust
funds
and
contributions23
.............
16
148
420
73
14
22
 
182
156
120
Department
of
Agriculture
...............................
347,021
352,511
382,343
400,442
443,650
426,316
422,878
412,878
413,634
408,737
Extension
Service
...................................
333,571
337,907
366,176
385,087
424,928
409,110
405,371
394,878
393,634
390,737
National
Agricultural
Library
...................
13,450
14,604
16,167
15,355
18,722
17,206
17,507
18,000
20,000
18,000
Department
of
Commerce
..............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maritime
Administration:
Training
for
private
sector
employees53
.............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services18
71,912
77,962
89,094
97,643
96,860
107,896
138,000
117,000
144,000
155,000
National
Library
of
Medicine
..................
71,912
77,962
89,094
97,643
96,860
107,896
138,000
117,000
144,000
155,000
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urban
mass
transportation
 
managerial
training
grants88
..............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
Justice
.....................................
23,906
26,920
30,543
34,525
37,028
34,065
36,296
35,072
46,055
39,821
F.
B.
I.
National
Academy
........................
5,513
6,028
6,368
10,631
14,388
10,311
12,831
14,411
22,260
18,699
F.
B.
I.
Field
Police
Academy
...................
7,673
10,548
12,700
12,578
10,563
11,790
11,140
10,277
11,375
8,902
Narcotics
and
dangerous
drug
training
..
824
850
1,180
695
230
275
325
384
420
220
National
Institute
of
Corrections89
..........
9,896
9,494
10,295
10,621
11,847
11,689
12,000
10,000
12,000
12,000
Department
of
State
.......................................
40,157
47,539
41,790
44,086
58,840
46,557
51,648
53,330
49,378
55,428
Foreign
Service
Institute
........................
40,157
47,539
41,790
44,086
58,840
46,557
51,648
53,330
49,378
55,428
Center
for
Cultural
and
Technical
Interchange68
..................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
406
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1965
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Department
of
Transportation27
.....................
 
3,964
11,877
10,212
6,175
4,781
3,785
1,865
2,895
3,153
Highways
training
and
education
grants90
................................................
 
2,418
3,250
3,412
3,527
2,050
1,500
 
1,000
1,416
Maritime
Administration:
Training
for
private
sector
employees53
.............................
 
 
 
 
1,448
1,381
1,135
1,143
1,291
1,517
Urban
mass
transportation
 
managerial
training
grants88
..............................
 
1,546
2,627
500
1,200
1,350
1,150
722
604
220
Federal
Aviation
Administration91
Air
traffic
controllers
second
career
program92
.................................
 
 
6,000
6,300
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
 
18
3,096
14,584
13,334
14,327
16,160
15,982
19,110
32,768
Federal
Law
Enforcement
Training
Center93
............................................
 
18
3,096
14,584
13,334
14,327
16,160
15,982
19,110
32,768
Other
agencies
ACTION94
...............................................
 
 
7,045
2,833
1,830
4,975
1,761
1,368
3,368
4,110
Estimated
education
funds95
..........
 
 
7,045
2,833
1,830
4,975
1,761
1,368
3,368
4,110
Agency
for
International
Development
...
63,329
88,034
78,896
99,707
130,257
127,383
141,847
154,627
186,175
193,115
Education
and
human
resources
....
53,968
61,570
58,349
80,518
109,624
101,408
115,104
126,132
152,332
160,051
American
schools
and
hospitals
abroad
......................................
9,361
26,464
20,547
19,189
20,633
25,975
26,743
28,495
33,843
33,064
Appalachian
Regional
Commission35
....
 
572
1,574
8,124
98
330
113
 
92
 
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service94
.........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated
education
funds95
..........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency96
.........................................
 
290
290
281
390
351
405
290
290
290
Estimated
architect/
engineer
student
development
program97
...........
 
40
40
31
90
71
155
40
40
40
Estimated
other
training
programs98
 
250
250
250
300
280
250
250
250
250
Estimated
disaster
relief99
..............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General
Services
Administration100
Libraries
and
other
archival
activities
.....................................
4,013
14,775
22,532
34,800
44,200
50,894
 
 
 
 
Institute
of
Museum
and
Library
Services87
.......................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese­
United
States
Friendship
Commission101
................................
 
 
 
2,294
2,364
1,611
2,236
235
3,225
2,274
Library
of
Congress
................................
15,111
29,478
63,766
151,871
154,198
164,080
169,310
166,130
160,835
160,505
Salaries
and
expenses
....................
11,421
20,700
48,798
102,364
122,823
127,935
130,354
126,747
124,878
122,356
Books
for
the
blind
and
the
physically
handicapped
............
2,317
6,195
11,908
31,436
26,116
30,739
32,954
35,460
33,813
36,245
Special
foreign
currency
program
...
1,187
2,273
2,333
3,492
3,578
3,745
4,621
2,372
809
405
Furniture
and
furnishings
................
186
310
727
14,579
1,681
1,661
1,381
1,551
1,335
1,499
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
Aerospace
education
services
project
........................................
100
350
600
882
1,323
1,628
1,800
1,900
2,250
2,400
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration102
Libraries
and
other
archival
activities
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
52,118
55,252
59,521
65,153
National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Science103
....................
 
 
449
2,090
681
733
723
781
512
522
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts37
........
 
340
1,068
231
632
819
1,137
1,128
1,295
1,200
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities38
....................................
 
5,090
38,486
85,805
74,348
74,750
76,252
78,319
75,376
76,803
Smithsonian
Institution
...........................
2,233
2,461
5,509
5,153
6,073
5,758
7,886
6,191
6,545
5,393
Museum
programs
and
related
research
...................................
2,133
2,261
4,203
3,254
3,365
2,642
4,665
2,341
2,506
1,223
National
Gallery
of
Art
extension
service
......................................
100
200
300
426
617
692
675
662
731
656
Woodrow
Wilson
International
Center
for
Scholars
..................
 
 
1,006
1,473
2,091
2,424
2,546
3,188
3,308
3,514
U.
S.
Information
Agency
 
Center
for
Cultural
and
Technical
Interchange68
............................
 
 
 
15,115
17,258
19,374
18,966
20,531
16,756
22,759
U.
S.
Institute
of
Peace104
.......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
230
4,083
3,476
Other
programs:
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
for
the
District
of
Columbia
.............
948
1,758
2,335
2,990
2,520
2,672
7,156
8,333
11,540
4,400
Research
programs
at
universities
and
related
institutions105
............................
$
1,816,276
$
2,283,641
$
3,418,410
$
5,801,204
$
7,233,806
$
7,938,550
$
8,844,575
$
9,009,351
$
10,538,606
$
11,250,464
Department
of
Education106
...................
13,248
87,823
82,770
78,742
59,580
159,550
28,809
68,983
60,912
42,379
Department
of
Agriculture
......................
58,362
64,796
108,162
216,405
275,027
279,200
293,252
273,698
279,943
304,888
Department
of
Commerce
......................
4,015
4,487
21,677
48,295
51,460
52,600
52,951
62,406
36,835
36,133
Department
of
Defense
..........................
436,912
356,188
364,929
644,455
1,112,212
1,072,500
1,245,888
1,382,795
1,754,456
1,899,680
Department
of
Energy
............................
439,334
548,327
761,376
1,470,224
1,861,112
2,001,400
2,205,316
2,141,955
2,225,513
2,350,426
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
...........................................
474,362
623,765
1,273,037
2,087,053
2,448,899
2,750,700
3,228,014
3,309,708
3,983,407
4,282,117
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
...................................
 
510
2,650
5,314
2,158
2,000
438
342
463
51
Department
of
the
Interior
......................
9,839
18,521
28,955
42,175
28,616
36,500
34,422
36,440
33,353
35,103
Department
of
Justice
............................
 
1,945
8,902
9,189
7,156
6,800
5,168
5,095
8,991
6,365
Department
of
Labor
..............................
 
3,567
6,124
12,938
6,392
4,800
3,417
341
432
5,528
Department
of
State
...............................
 
8,220
10,973
188
29
 
29
30
432
1,243
Department
of
Transportation
................
 
12,328
28,478
31,910
29,722
21,800
22,621
20,215
25,184
16,933
Department
of
the
Treasury
...................
 
 
 
226
238
300
388
190
169
 
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
..............
337
518
1,112
1,600
800
500
1,000
1,000
2,251
2,300
407
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1989
1990
1
1991
2
1992
3
1993
4
1994
5
1995
6
1996
7
1997
8
1998
9
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Department
of
Transportation27
.....................
4,415
1,507
2,022
2,419
500
500
650
700
750
725
Highways
training
and
education
grants90
................................................
1,416
 
1,371
1,945
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maritime
Administration:
Training
for
private
sector
employees53
.............................
1,499
1,507
651
474
500
500
650
700
750
725
Urban
mass
transportation
 
managerial
training
grants88
..............................
1,500
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
Aviation
Administration91
Air
traffic
controllers
second
career
program92
.................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Department
of
the
Treasury
...........................
39,100
41,488
60,127
51,694
56,779
61,992
48,000
59,000
51,000
73,000
Federal
Law
Enforcement
Training
Center93
............................................
39,100
41,488
60,127
51,694
56,779
61,992
48,000
59,000
51,000
73,000
Other
agencies
ACTION94
...............................................
4,800
8,472
11,321
8,600
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated
education
funds95
..........
4,800
8,472
11,321
8,600
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
for
International
Development
...
182,839
170,371
154,021
212,220
215,248
241,948
260,408
307,000
355,600
347,700
Education
and
human
resources
....
146,915
142,801
122,231
195,570
190,020
221,988
248,408
302,000
348,600
344,700
American
schools
and
hospitals
abroad
......................................
35,924
27,570
31,790
16,650
25,228
19,960
12,000
5,000
7,000
3,000
Appalachian
Regional
Commission35
....
175
 
25
938
1,005
4,299
5,709
2,756
1,666
1,750
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service94
.........................................
 
 
 
 
8,500
93,250
214,600
279,000
361,000
374,000
Estimated
education
funds95
..........
 
 
 
 
8,500
93,250
214,600
279,000
361,000
374,000
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency96
.........................................
77
215
33
261
76,467
85,200
170,400
7,500
95,661
50,000
Estimated
architect/
engineer
student
development
program97
...........
50
200
28
250
375
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated
other
training
programs98
27
15
5
11
92
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated
disaster
relief99
..............
 
 
 
 
76,000
85,200
170,400
7,500
95,661
50,000
General
Services
Administration100
Libraries
and
other
archival
activities
.....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institute
of
Museum
and
Library
Services87
.......................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
135,000
192,000
Japanese­
United
States
Friendship
Commission101
................................
3,004
2,299
1,377
1,610
1,503
1,585
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
Library
of
Congress
................................
177,954
189,827
279,745
296,044
311,453
312,724
241,000
252,000
261,000
277,000
Salaries
and
expenses
....................
137,637
148,985
239,429
252,623
260,918
261,814
198,000
201,000
208,000
223,000
Books
for
the
blind
and
the
physically
handicapped
............
38,233
37,473
36,878
38,688
45,261
46,600
39,000
47,000
46,000
47,000
Special
foreign
currency
program
...
99
10
10
10
30
 
 
 
 
 
Furniture
and
furnishings
................
1,985
3,359
3,428
4,723
5,244
4,310
4,000
4,000
7,000
7,000
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
Aerospace
education
services
project
........................................
2,300
3,300
5,900
6,100
6,500
6,100
5,923
5,927
5,926
6,119
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration102
Libraries
and
other
archival
activities
...................................
86,266
77,397
81,462
99,412
106,975
110,411
105,172
104,536
110,541
114,864
National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Science103
....................
839
3,281
3,447
1,437
867
724
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts37
........
1,193
936
1,628
3,286
2,784
2,221
2,304
518
2,840
2,306
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities38
....................................
84,929
89,706
93,381
99,782
100,826
98,786
94,249
62,362
68,667
72,350
Smithsonian
Institution
...........................
5,880
5,779
5,906
6,578
7,828
10,059
9,961
9,908
7,669
7,684
Museum
programs
and
related
research
...................................
870
690
440
93
1,165
3,060
3,190
3,180
1,000
1,000
National
Gallery
of
Art
extension
service
......................................
650
474
641
793
763
816
771
728
669
684
Woodrow
Wilson
International
Center
for
Scholars
..................
4,360
4,615
4,825
5,692
5,900
6,183
6,000
6,000
6,000
6,000
U.
S.
Information
Agency
 
Center
for
Cultural
and
Technical
Interchange68
............................
20,714
20,375
22,276
29,550
31,991
30,064
34,000
18,000
15,000
15,000
U.
S.
Institute
of
Peace104
.......................
7,232
7,621
8,238
11,350
10,468
10,794
12,000
11,000
11,000
12,000
Other
programs:
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
for
the
District
of
Columbia
4,047
3,724
4,661
4,095
4,749
2,229
2,457
964
446
1,100
Research
programs
at
universities
and
related
institutions105
............................
$
12,009,825
$
12,606,035
$
13,775,422
$
14,176,863
$
14,955,083
$
15,289,094
$
15,677,919
$
16,332,315
$
16,677,273
$
17,097,344
Department
of
Education106
...................
90,314
89,483
103,931
154,800
232,165
276,838
279,000
310,895
339,994
580,484
Department
of
Agriculture
......................
314,294
348,109
385,836
437,967
436,187
438,537
434,544
427,222
516,620
417,909
Department
of
Commerce
......................
44,821
50,523
62,870
77,240
70,805
81,423
85,442
85,283
79,242
71,769
Department
of
Defense
..........................
1,940,308
1,871,864
1,789,112
2,070,959
2,002,572
2,010,414
1,853,955
1,663,671
1,452,806
1,364,800
Department
of
Energy
............................
2,536,065
2,520,885
2,692,335
2,867,528
2,763,515
2,642,094
2,651,641
3,035,169
3,150,530
3,170,735
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
...........................................
4,549,261
4,902,714
5,686,354
5,210,711
5,952,976
6,348,736
6,418,969
6,784,856
7,210,209
7,422,065
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
...................................
186
118
48
203
401
856
1,613
1,771
1,325
1,398
Department
of
the
Interior
......................
39,556
49,790
58,537
57,449
54,049
54,157
50,618
46,310
50,709
51,479
Department
of
Justice
............................
5,700
6,858
6,060
4,986
3,496
3,886
7,204
9,515
8,487
20,800
Department
of
Labor
..............................
5,590
5,893
5,548
1,169
600
4,250
10,114
5,862
267
139
Department
of
State
...............................
1,269
1,519
900
200
 
15
23
 
15
15
Department
of
Transportation
................
22,826
28,608
21,187
35,015
57,789
62,606
75,847
51,956
60,063
54,881
Department
of
the
Treasury
...................
411
227
229
85
133
1,309
1,496
145
85
2,496
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
..............
2,300
2,300
2,300
2,491
2,550
2,350
2,500
1,720
1,852
1,614
408
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1965
1970
1975
1980
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ACTION
..................................................
 
 
36
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
for
International
Development
...
 
 
 
77,063
43,372
109,600
56,960
44,302
54,652
49,535
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service
............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental
Protection
Agency
..........
 
19,446
33,875
41,083
43,557
43,700
60,521
69,718
67,465
58,053
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
..............................................
 
 
 
1,665
805
 
1,423
 
 
 
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
..................................
208,688
258,016
197,301
254,629
366,440
352,900
485,824
489,048
785,141
897,497
National
Science
Foundation
.................
154,046
253,628
475,011
743,809
857,791
1,006,000
1,087,046
1,073,122
1,184,921
1,232,054
Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission
............
 
 
7,093
32,590
37,987
36,400
30,261
27,472
29,176
25,676
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity
.............
7,078
20,035
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Arms
Control
and
Disarmament
Agency
.................................................
 
100
 
661
157
 
395
276
3,244
2,633
U.
S.
Information
Agency
........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,500
 
 
Other
agencies
.......................................
10,055
1,421
5,949
990
296
1,300
432
715
1,666
1,870
Footnotes
1
Excludes
$
4,440,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services.
Is
not
included
in
the
total
because
data
before
fiscal
year
1990
are
not
available.
This
program
has
existed
since
Medicare
began,
but
was
not
available
as
a
separate
budget
item
until
FY
90.
2
Excludes
$
4,900,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
3
Excludes
$
5,350,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
4
Excludes
$
5,710,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
5
Excludes
$
6,150,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
6
Excludes
$
7,510,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
7
Excludes
$
8,010,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
8
Excludes
$
8,700,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
9
Estimated.
Excludes
$
9,460,000,000
for
federal
support
for
medical
education
benefits
under
Medicare.
See
footnote
1.
10
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
was
created
in
May
1980.
It
formerly
was
the
Office
of
Education
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare.
11
Section
VI
was
funded
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
in
FYs
65
 
81
in
the
Impact
Aid
program.
This
program
provides
for
the
education
of
dependents
of
federal
employees
residing
on
federal
property
in
cases
where
free
public
education
is
unavailable
in
the
nearby
community.
12
This
program
creates
a
national
framework
for
education
reform
and
meeting
the
National
Education
Goals.
This
program
includes
the
School­
To­
Work
Opportunities
program
which
will
initiate
a
national
system
to
be
administered
jointly
by
the
U.
S.
Departments
of
Education
and
Labor.
Both
departments
are
to
establish
a
national
framework
within
which
all
states
can
create
statewide
systems
to
help
youth
acquire
the
knowledge,
skills,
abilities,
and
labor
market
information
they
need
to
make
an
effective
transition
from
school
to
work
or
to
further
their
education
or
training.
13
Starting
in
FY
94,
the
Special
Milk
program
was
included
in
the
Child
Nutrition
program.
14
These
commodities
are
purchased
under
Section
32
of
the
Act
of
August
24,
1935,
for
use
in
the
child
nutrition
programs.
15
This
program
assisted
in
the
construction
of
public
facilities,
such
as
vocational
schools,
through
grants
or
loans.
No
funds
have
been
appropriated
for
this
account
since
FY
77,
and
it
was
completely
phased
out
in
FY
84.
16
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Energy
was
created
in
1977.
It
formerly
was
the
Energy
Research
and
Development
Administration
and
before
that
the
Atomic
Energy
Commission.
No
funds
were
designated
for
any
of
the
education
programs
listed
on
this
table
in
FYs
96
and
97.
17
This
program
was
established
in
1979.
Funds
were
first
appropriated
for
this
program
in
FY
80.
18
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
was
part
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare
until
May
1980.
19
The
Head
Start
program
was
formerly
in
the
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity,
and
funds
were
appropriated
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare,
Office
of
Child
Development
beginning
in
1972.
20
This
program
was
created
by
the
Family
Support
Act
of
1988.
It
provides
funds
for
the
Job
Opportunities
and
Basic
Skills
Training
program.
21
After
age
18,
benefits
terminate
at
the
end
of
the
school
term
or
in
3
months,
whichever
is
less.
409
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
361.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
for
education,
by
level
or
other
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program:
Fiscal
years
1965
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
current
dollars]

Level
or
educational
purpose,
by
agency
and
program
1989
1990
1
1991
2
1992
3
1993
4
1994
5
1995
6
1996
7
1997
8
1998
9
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
ACTION
..................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
for
International
Development
...
45,025
79,415
54,997
32,979
27,659
24,634
30,172
17,900
11,520
15,730
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service
............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental
Protection
Agency
..........
64,517
87,481
62,753
152,012
124,500
98,241
125,721
75,744
82,220
90,360
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
..............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
..................................
976,478
1,090,003
1,270,070
1,377,322
1,367,542
1,412,665
1,751,977
1,754,565
1,652,216
1,698,967
National
Science
Foundation
.................
1,342,648
1,427,007
1,546,810
1,664,697
1,833,563
1,805,856
1,874,395
2,041,485
2,040,037
2,115,321
Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission
............
25,690
42,328
23,860
27,418
22,934
20,227
22,188
16,828
16,141
13,432
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity
.............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Arms
Control
and
Disarmament
Agency
.................................................
1,619
25
69
100
25
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Information
Agency
........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
agencies
.......................................
947
885
1,616
1,532
1,622
 
500
1,418
2,935
2,950
Footnotes
 
Continued
22
This
program
provides
funding
for
supplemental
programs
for
eligible
Indian
students
in
public
schools.
23
Negative
amounts
occur
when
program
receipts
exceed
outlays
24
This
program
finances
the
cost
of
academic,
social,
and
occupational
education
courses
for
inmates
in
federal
prisons.
25
The
Job
Corps
program
was
formerly
in
the
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity,
and
funds
were
appropriated
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor
beginning
in
1971
and
1972.
26
Some
of
the
work
and
training
programs
included
in
this
program
were
in
the
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity
and
were
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor
in
1971
and
1972.
Beginning
in
FY
94,
the
School­
to­
Work
Opportunities
program
is
included
This
program
is
administered
jointly
by
the
U.
S.
Departments
of
Education
and
Labor.
27
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
was
created
in
1967.
28
This
program
was
transferred
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
the
Treasury
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
in
1967.
29
This
program
was
established
in
FY
72
and
closed
in
FY
86.
30
The
states'
share
of
revenue­
sharing
funds
could
not
be
spent
on
education
in
FYs
81
 
86.
31
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs,
formerly
the
Veterans
Administration,
was
created
in
March
1989.
32
This
program
provides
educational
assistance
allowances
in
order
to
restore
lost
educational
opportunities
to
those
individuals
whose
careers
were
interrupted
or
impeded
by
reason
of
active
military
service
between
January
31,
1955,
and
January
1,
1977.
Includes
``
Readjustment
Benefits,''
Chapter
34,
for
education
other
than
college
and
also
includes
the
Veterans
Job
Training
program
for
service
persons
and
veterans.
The
Chapter
34
program
closed
December
31,
1989.
The
Veterans
Job
Training
Program
was
put
in
the
program
Payments
to
State
Education
Agencies.
Veterans
who
were
still
eligible
to
receive
benefits
under
Chapter
34
were
covered
by
Chapter
30
(
The
All­
Volunteer­
Force
Educational
Assistance
program).
33
This
program
is
in
``
Readjustment
Benefits''
program,
Chapter
31,
and
covers
the
costs
of
subsistence,
tuition,
books,
supplies,
and
equipment
for
disabled
veterans
requiring
vocational
rehabilitation
34
This
program
is
in
the
``
Readjustment
Benefits''
program,
Chapter
35,
and
provides
benefits
to
children
and
spouses
of
veterans
35
The
purpose
of
this
program
is
to
provide
stable
and
permanent
employment
to
those
men
and
women
who
have
served
on
active
duty
on
or
after
August
2,
1990,
and
are
unemployed.
36
This
agency
was
established
March
9,
1965.
Its
first
year
of
appropriations
was
1966.
The
outlays
were
larger
in
the
years
1970
and
1975
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
because
of
the
construction
of
facilities
for
vocational
schools.
37
This
agency
was
established
in
1965.
In
1970,
$
900,000
was
appropriated
through
the
Office
of
Education,
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare,
for
the
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts,
Arts
in
Education
program.
38
This
agency
was
established
in
1965.
First
year
of
appropriations
was
1966.
39
The
Economic
Opportunity
Act
of
1964
authorized
10
major
action
programs,
including
Job
Corps,
Neighborhood
Youth
Corps,
Adult
Literacy,
Work
Experience,
College
Work­
Study,
and
Community
Action
programs,
including
Head
Start,
Follow
Through,
and
Upward
Bound,
and
authorized
the
establishment
of
Volunteers
in
Service
to
America
(
VISTA).
These
programs
were
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
and
the
Action
Agency
in
the
1970s.
An
act
on
January
4,
1975
established
the
Community
Services
Administration
as
the
successor
agency
to
the
Office
of
Economic
Opportunity.
40
Head
Start
program
funds
were
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare,
Office
of
Child
Development
in
1972.
41
Most
of
these
programs
were
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare,
Office
of
Education,
in
1972.
42
The
Job
Corps
programs
were
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor
in
1971
and
1972.
43
These
programs
were
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor
in
1971
and
1972.
44
These
programs
were
transferred
to
the
Action
Agency
in
1972.
45
Similar
programs
were
included
in
the
``
higher
education''
program
in
1965
through
1975.
46
The
Student
Loan
Reform
Act
of
1993
authorized
a
new
Federal
Direct
Student
Loan
(
FDSL)
program,
recently
renamed
the
William
D.
Ford
Direct
Loan
program.
This
program
is
a
new
streamlined
lending
system
that
simplifies
the
process
of
obtaining
and
repaying
loans
for
student
and
parent
borrowers
and
provides
borrowers
with
greater
choice
in
repayment
plans.
47
Similar
programs
were
included
in
the
``
higher
education''
program
in
1965
through
1975,
formerly
called
the
``
Guaranteed
Student
Loan''
program.
The
large
drop
in
FY
94
reflects
a
$
4.79
billion
loan
prepayment
from
the
Student
Loan
Marketing
Association
of
its
outstanding
debt
to
the
Treasury
Department.
48
This
program
was
transferred
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare,
Office
of
Education,
in
FY
79.
49
The
Historically
Black
Colleges
and
Universities
(
HBCUs)
Capital
Financing
program
was
authorized
by
the
Higher
Education
Act
Amendments
of
1992
to
provide
HBCUs
with
private
funds
for
repair,
renovation,
and
construction
projects.
410
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Footnotes
 
Continued
50
First
year
of
appropriations
for
this
program
was
1967.
51
Program
funds
were
first
appropriated
for
Tuskegee
Institute
in
1972.
52The
Sea
Grant
College
Program
Act
of
1966
established
a
matching
fund
grant
program
that
provides
for
the
establishment
of
a
network
of
programs
in
fields
related
to
development
and
preservation
of
the
nation's
coastal
and
marine
resources.
This
program
was
transferred
from
the
National
Science
Foundation
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
October
1970.
53This
program
was
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
in
FY
81
by
Public
Law
97
 
31,
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce.
54The
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
funds
for
FYs
90
to
96
exclude
military
pay
and
reserve
accounts
which
were
included
in
previous
years.
FY
65
data
are
not
available
except
for
service
academies.
55Included
in
total
above.
56Instructional
costs
only
are
included.
These
include
academics
audiovisual,
academic
computing
center,
faculty
training,
military
training,
physical
education,
and
libraries.
57Includes
special
education
programs
(
military
and
civilian);
legal
education
program;
flight
training;
advanced
degree
program;
college
degree
program
(
officers);
and
``
Armed
Forces
Health
Professions
Scholarship''
program.
58No
funds
have
been
appropriated
since
FY
82.
59This
program
receives
funds
periodically.
60Appropriations
began
in
FY
84.
61Appropriations
began
in
FY
89.
62Does
not
include
higher
education
assistance
loans.
63Appropriations
began
in
FY
78.
64Alcohol,
drug
abuse,
and
mental
health
training
programs
are
included
starting
in
fiscal
year
1992.
65Beginning
in
fiscal
year
1992,
data
were
included
in
the
National
Institutes
of
Health
training
grants
program.
66Postsecondary
student
benefits
were
ended
by
the
Omnibus
Budget
Reconciliation
Act
of
1981
(
Public
Law
97
 
35)
and
were
completely
phased
out
by
August
1985.
67Includes
adult
education,
tribally­
controlled
community
colleges
postsecondary
instruction,
and
other
education.
68This
program
was
transferred
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
State
to
the
International
Communication
Agency
(
I.
C.
A.)
in
1977,
which
consolidated
the
functions
of
the
U.
S.
Information
Agency
and
the
U.
S.
Department
of
State's
Bureau
of
Educational
and
Cultural
Affairs.
In
FY
82
the
I.
C.
A.
became
the
U.
S.
I.
A.
69This
program
provides
funds
for
advanced
study
and
research
projects
of
the
Russian,
Eurasian,
and
Eastern
European
countries
by
American
institutions
of
higher
education
and
private
research
firms.
Appropriations
began
in
FY
88.
70This
program
was
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
in
FY
81
by
Public
Law
97
 
31
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce.
71Includes
flight
training.
This
program
was
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
the
Treasury
in
1965
and
was
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
in
1967.
72Includes
benefits
for
Vietnam­
era
veterans
under
Chapter
34
(
GI
Bill)
of
the
``
Readjustment
Benefits''
education
and
training
program
This
program
provides
educational
assistance
allowances,
primarily
on
a
monthly
basis,
in
order
to
restore
lost
educational
opportunities
to
those
individuals
whose
careers
were
interrupted
or
impeded
by
reason
of
active
military
service
between
January
31,
1955,
and
January
1,
1977.
This
program
closed
December
31,
1989.
Some
veterans
who
were
still
eligible
were
put
in
Chapter
30
(
the
All­
Volunteer­
Force
Educational
Assistance
program).
73Includes
service
persons
under
Chapter
34
(
GI
Bill)
of
the
``
Readjustment
Benefits''
education
and
training
program.
Service
persons
with
over
180
days
of
active
duty,
any
part
of
which
was
before
January
1,
1977,
are
eligible
to
participate
in
this
program.
74Includes
post­
Vietnam­
era
veterans,
under
Chapter
32,
of
the
post­
Vietnam­
era
``
Veterans
Education
Account.''
Provides
education
and
training
assistance
payments
to
veterans
and
service
persons
with
no
active
duty
time
before
January
1,
1977.
Funding
is
provided
through
participants'
contributions
while
on
active
duty
and
through
transfers
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
(
DOD).
The
U.
S.
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
funds
are
not
appropriated
for
this
program,
so
these
data
represent
obligations,
which
are
funded
through
other
agencies'
appropriations.
75Public
Law
98
 
525,
enacted
October
19,
1984
(
New
GI
Bill),
established
two
new
peacetime
educational
programs:
an
assistance
program
for
veterans
who
entered
active
duty
during
the
period
beginning
July
1,
1985
to
June
30,
1988,
and
an
assistance
program
for
certain
members
of
the
Selected
Reserve.
76Chapter
30,
also
called
the
Montgomery
Bill,
and
the
new
GI
Bill
are
for
eligible
veterans
who
have
agreed
to
have
their
military
pay
reduced
$
100
per
month
for
their
first
12
months
of
active
duty.
The
``
Readjustment
Benefits''
account
under
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
pays
only
the
basic
allowance,
up
to
a
maximum
of
$
300
per
month,
for
full­
time
training.
``
Supplemental
Benefits''
are
paid
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
(
DOD).
77Chapter
106
is
for
members
of
the
Selected
Reserve.
The
reserve
components
include
the
Army,
Navy,
Air
Force,
Marine
Corps
Reserve,
Army
National
Guard
and
Air
National
Guard
under
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
(
DOD),
and
the
Coast
Guard
Reserve,
which
is
under
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
(
DOT)
when
it
is
not
operating
as
a
service
in
the
Navy.
Eligible
persons
can
receive
up
to
$
140
per
month
for
full­
time
training
The
DOD
and
DOT
pay
for
this
program,
and
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
administers
it.
78Includes
dependents
of
veterans
under
Chapter
35,
the
``
Readjustment
Benefits''
education
and
training
program.
Provides
education
and
training
benefits
to
dependents
of
veterans
who
died
of
a
service­
connected
disability
or
whose
service­
connected
disability
is
rated
permanent
and
total.
79Payments
have
been
made
to
state
education
agencies
for
a
number
of
years
but
were
not
listed
separately
until
FY
88.
80The
USIA
was
called
the
``
International
Communication
Agency
in
FYs
80
and
81.
81This
program
was
in
the
``
Educational
and
Cultural
Affairs''
program
in
FYs
80
 
83,
and
became
an
independent
program
in
FY
84.
82This
program
was
combined
with
the
``
Educational
and
Cultural
Affairs''
program
in
FY
77.
83Public
Law
99
 
661
established
this
program
to
operate
the
Foundation
which
awards
scholarships
and
fellowships
to
outstanding
graduate
and
undergraduate
students
who
intend
to
pursue
careers
or
advanced
degrees
in
science
or
mathematics.
It
may
also
award
honoraria
to
outstanding
individuals
who
have
made
significant
contributions
to
improve
the
instruction
of
science
and
mathematics
in
secondary
schools.
84Appropriations
for
this
program
began
in
FY
76.
85Public
Law
99
 
498
established
this
Institute
as
an
independent
non­
profit
corporation
to
provide
Native
Americans
with
an
opportunity
to
obtain
a
postsecondary
education
in
various
fields
of
Indian
art
and
culture.
86Public
Laws
99
 
500
and
99
 
591
established
the
James
Madison
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation
to
operate
a
fellowship
program
to
encourage
graduate
study
of
the
American
Constitution.
First
year
of
appropriations
was
FY
88.
87This
program
was
transferred
to
the
Institute
of
Museum
and
Library
Services
in
fiscal
year
1997.
Program
was
formerly
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
411
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Footnotes
 
Continued
88This
program
was
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
in
FY
68
from
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development.
89This
program
was
established
by
the
Juvenile
Justice
and
Delinquency
Prevention
Act
of
1974
to
provide
education
and
training
and
to
provide
leadership
in
improving
correctional
programs
and
practices
in
prisons.
90Appropriations
for
this
program
began
in
FY
70.
91The
Federal
Aviation
Administration,
originally
an
independent
agency,
was
transferred
to
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation
in
FY
67.
92Appropriations
began
in
FY
72.
93First
year
of
appropriations
was
FY
70.
94The
National
Service
Trust
Act
of
1993
established
the
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service.
In
1993,
ACTION
became
part
of
this
agency.
95These
programs
included
the
Service
Learning
programs,
University
Year
for
ACTION,
Volunteers
in
Service
to
America,
Youth
Challenge
program,
and
the
National
Student
Volunteer
program
in
FY
1975.
In
FY
80,
programs
included
were
the
University
Year
for
ACTION,
Young
Volunteers
for
ACTION,
and
National
Service
Learning
programs.
In
fiscal
year
1985,
the
program
included
was
the
Service
Learning
programs,
and
in
FYs
89
to
94,
programs
included
were
the
Literacy
Corps
and
the
Student
Community
Services
program.
In
FYs
94
through
98
the
AmeriCorps
program
was
included.
This
program
provides
education
grants
to
help
pay
for
college
or
to
repay
student
loans
for
people
who
perform
community
service
before,
during
or
after
postsecondary
education.
96The
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
was
created
in
1979,
representing
a
combination
of
five
existing
agencies.
The
two
largest
were
the
Defense
Civil
Preparedness
Agency
in
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
and
the
Federal
Preparedness
Agency
in
the
General
Services
Administration.
The
funds
for
the
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
in
FY
70
to
FY
75
were
in
the
other
agencies.
97First
year
of
appropriations
was
FY
68.
98First
appropriations
for
the
``
other
training
programs''
were
in
the
late
1960s.
These
programs
include
the
Fall­
Out
Shelter
Analysis
Blast
Protection
Design
through
1992.
Starting
in
FY
1993,
earthquake
training
and
safety
for
teachers
and
administrators
for
grades
1
through
12
are
included.
99The
disaster
relief
program
repairs
and
replaces
damaged
and
destroyed
school
buildings.
In
FY
94
and
FY
95
funds
were
for
repairs
due
to
the
Northridge
Earthquake
in
California.
In
FY
94,
$
37.2
million
was
spent
on
school
districts;
$
4.2
million
was
spent
on
community
colleges
and
$
43.8
million
spent
on
universities.
In
FY
95,
$
74.4
million
was
spent
on
school
districts;
$
8.4
million
on
community
colleges
and
$
87.6
million
on
colleges
and
universities.
100This
program
was
transferred
from
the
General
Services
Administration
to
the
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration
in
April
1985.
101This
program
makes
grants
for
the
promotion
of
scholarly,
cultural,
and
artistic
exchanges
between
Japan
and
the
United
States.
Appropriations
began
in
FY
76.
102The
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration
became
an
independent
agency
in
April
1985.
103This
program
was
established
by
the
act
of
July
20,
1970,
Public
Law
91
 
345.
104This
program
was
established
by
Congress
to
conduct
and
support
research
and
scholarships
in
the
fields
of
peace,
arms
control,
and
conflict
resolution.
105Includes
federal
obligations
for
research
and
development
centers
administered
by
colleges
and
universities.
FYs
97
and
98
are
estimated.
106Total
outlays
for
FYs
65
and
70
include
the
``
Research
and
Training''
program.
FY
75
includes
the
``
National
Institute
of
Education
program.
FYs
80
to
98
include
outlays
for
the
Office
of
Educational
Research
and
Improvement.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
To
the
extent
possible,
amounts
reported
represent
outlays
rather
than
obligations.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
compiled
from
data
appearing
in
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
fiscal
years
1967
to
1999;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development,
fiscal
years
1965
to
1998;
and
unpublished
data
obtained
from
various
federal
agencies.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
412
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
362.
 
Estimated
federal
support
for
education,
by
agency
and
type
of
ultimate
recipient:
Fiscal
year
1998
[
In
millions
of
dollars]

Agency
Total
Local
education
agencies
State
education
agencies
College
students
Institutions
of
higher
education
Federal
Multiple
types
of
recipients
Other
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
2
.........................................................................................
$
107,242.3
$
21,430.2
$
5,639.4
$
21,408.2
$
34,656.7
$
3,292.7
$
11,296.5
$
9,518.6
Total
program
funds
­
on­
budget
........................................
$
75,077.5
$
21,430.2
$
4,674.5
$
8,220.6
$
23,399.0
$
3,292.7
$
11,296.5
$
2,764.0
Department
of
Education
............................................................
30,735.6
11,486.7
3,737.8
5,502.1
6,031.0
484.6
1,475.8
2,017.4
Department
of
Agriculture
..........................................................
10,179.5
9,167.5
152.7
 
450.5
18.0
 
390.7
Department
of
Commerce
..........................................................
75.2
 
 
 
75.2
 
 
 
Department
of
Defense
..............................................................
3,604.8
162.3
 
285.5
1,580.1
1,345.7
231.2
 
Department
of
Energy
................................................................
3,170.7
 
 
 
3,170.7
 
 
 
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
..............................
13,565.6
435.5
 
825.7
7,763.0
155.0
4,386.4
 
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
......................
1.4
 
 
 
1.4
 
 
 
Department
of
the
Interior
..........................................................
754.9
57.2
18.0
29.5
137.7
460.4
52.1
 
Department
of
Justice
................................................................
282.8
 
 
 
20.8
262.0
 
 
Department
of
Labor
..................................................................
4,990.1
 
748.5
 
0.1
 
4,241.5
 
Department
of
State
...................................................................
55.4
 
 
 
 
55.4
 
 
Department
of
Transportation
....................................................
115.0
 
 
3.6
57.6
46.0
0.7
7.0
Department
of
the
Treasury
.......................................................
75.5
 
 
 
2.5
73.0
 
 
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
..................................................
1,374.2
 
17.5
1,355.1
1.6
 
 
 
Other
agencies
and
programs
Agency
for
International
Development
.......................................
363.4
 
 
 
15.7
 
 
347.7
Appalachian
Regional
Commission
............................................
6.8
 
 
 
3.1
 
3.7
 
Barry
Goldwater
Scholarship
and
Excellence
in
Education
Foundation
............................................................
3.0
 
 
 
 
 
3.0
 
Corporation
for
National
and
Community
Service
.....................
374.0
 
 
 
 
 
374.0
 
Environmental
Protection
Agency
..............................................
90.4
 
 
 
90.4
 
 
 
Estimated
education
share
of
federal
aid
to
the
District
of
Columbia
...............................................................
109.9
96.0
 
 
12.8
 
1.1
 
Federal
Emergency
Management
Agency
.................................
50.0
25.0
 
 
 
 
25.0
 
General
Services
Administration
................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Harry
S
Truman
scholarship
fund
..............................................
4.0
 
 
 
 
 
4.0
 
Institute
of
American
Indian
and
Alaskan
Native
Culture
and
Arts
Development
..............................................
4.0
 
 
 
 
 
4.0
 
Institute
of
Library
and
Museum
Services
..................................
192.0
 
 
 
 
 
192.0
 
James
Madison
Memorial
Fellowship
Foundation
.....................
2.0
 
 
 
 
 
2.0
 
Japanese­
United
States
Friendship
Commission
......................
2.0
 
 
 
 
 
2.0
 
Library
of
Congress
....................................................................
277.0
 
 
 
 
277.0
 
 
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
........................
1,705.1
 
 
 
1,699.0
 
6.1
 
National
Archives
and
Records
Administration
..........................
114.9
 
 
 
 
114.9
 
 
National
Commission
on
Libraries
and
Information
Science
...............................................................
1.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.0
National
Endowment
for
the
Arts
...............................................
7.7
 
 
 
 
 
7.7
 
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities
....................................
93.2
 
 
 
 
 
93.2
 
National
Science
Foundation
.....................................................
2,473.3
 
 
204.1
2,269.3
 
 
 
Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission
................................................
13.4
 
 
 
13.4
 
 
 
Smithsonian
Institution
...............................................................
7.7
 
 
 
 
0.7
7.0
 
U.
S.
Arms
Control
and
Disarmament
Agency
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.
S.
Information
Agency
............................................................
187.0
 
 
15.0
 
 
172.0
 
U.
S.
Institute
of
Peace
...............................................................
12.0
 
 
 
 
 
12.0
 
Other
agencies
...........................................................................
3.0
 
 
 
3.0
 
 
 
Off­
budget
support
and
nonfederal
funds
generated
by
federal
legislation
.........................................
32,164.8
 
964.9
13,187.6
11,257.7
 
 
6,754.6
1
Other
recipients
include
Indian
tribes,
private
nonprofit
agencies,
and
banks.
2
Includes
on­
budget
support,
off­
budget
support,
and
nonfederal
funds
generated
by
federal
legislation.
Excludes
federal
tax
expenditures.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Outlays
by
type
of
recipient
are
estimated
based
on
obligation
data.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Office
of
the
Undersecretary,
unpublished
tabulations;
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
Fiscal
Year
1999;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development
Fiscal
Years
1996,
1997,
and
1998;
and
unpublished
data
obtained
from
various
federal
agencies.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
413
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
363.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
obligated
for
programs
administered
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education:
Fiscal
years
1980
to
1998
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

Program
(
In
current
dollars)

1980
1985
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2
1998
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
...................................................................................
$
14,102,165
$
18,818,201
$
25,214,923
$
33,748,670
$
36,735,985
$
46,433,000
$
45,540,000
$
57,478,000
$
54,525,000
Elementary
and
secondary
education
...................................
4,239,022
4,732,864
7,169,693
8,565,459
8,820,052
9,124,000
7,824,000
10,387,000
11,310,000
Grants
for
the
disadvantaged
...........................................
3,204,664
3,745,855
5,383,960
6,659,203
7,038,334
7,200,000
5,893,000
7,831,000
7,881,000
School
improvement
programs
.........................................
788,918
748,000
1,524,001
1,600,013
1,368,108
1,343,000
1,220,000
1,428,000
1,543,000
Bilingual
education
............................................................
169,540
171,605
188,152
225,693
239,805
206,000
178,000
261,000
354,000
Indian
education
...............................................................
75,900
67,404
73,580
80,550
82,762
81,000
53,000
61,000
63,000
Education
Reform
 
Goals
2000
.......................................
 
 
 
 
91,043
294,000
480,000
806,000
1,469,000
School
assistance
in
federally
affected
areas
.......................
812,873
695,746
815,573
760,456
911,716
783,000
703,000
737,000
851,000
Maintenance
and
operations
............................................
690,000
665,000
717,354
713,108
787,263
715,000
689,000
680,000
742,000
Construction
......................................................................
110,873
23,037
22,929
5,291
8,584
2,000
13,000
12,000
19,000
Disaster
assistance
...........................................................
12,000
7,709
75,290
42,057
115,869
66,000
1,000
45,000
90,000
Education
for
the
handicapped
.............................................
1,555,253
2,666,056
3,480,122
4,752,116
5,965,688
5,767,000
5,849,000
6,552,000
7,605,000
State
grant
programs
........................................................
815,805
1,245,219
1,258,871
1,842,956
2,779,228
2,467,000
2,350,000
3,066,000
3,866,000
Early
childhood
education
4
..............................................
38,745
27,625
280,341
476,180
661,665
661,000
820,000
723,000
869,000
Special
centers,
projects,
and
research
...........................
55,075
53,430
72,966
139,265
101,605
132,000
110,000
124,000
144,000
Captioned
films
and
media
services
................................
17,778
35,670
15,191
17,571
18,608
19,000
19,000
46,000
53,000
Personnel
training
.............................................................
55,375
68,025
70,838
90,120
104,012
91,000
91,000
81,000
82,000
Handicapped
rehabilitation
service
and
research
............
572,475
1,236,087
1,781,915
2,186,024
2,300,570
2,397,000
2,459,000
2,512,000
2,591,000
Vocational
education
and
adult
programs
.............................
1,153,743
856,271
1,138,674
1,575,268
1,456,185
1,461,000
1,366,000
1,484,000
1,552,000
Basic
programs
5
...............................................................
744,653
725,624
858,716
1,049,834
950,244
1,004,000
1,083,000
1,015,000
1,044,000
Consumer
and
homemaking
............................................
63,169
33,138
34,517
35,872
33,895
1,000
 
 
 
Program
improvement
and
supportive
services
...............
162,512
5,202
 
 
 
 
 
100,000
103,000
State
planning
and
advisory
councils
...............................
13,423
7,584
7,923
8,928
9,087
9,000
4,000
 
 
Adult
education,
grants
to
states
......................................
153,724
84,723
188,280
309,810
254,724
299,000
272,000
354,000
375,000
Other
6
...............................................................................
16,262
 
49,238
170,824
208,235
148,000
7,000
15,000
30,000
Postsecondary
student
financial
assistance
.........................
5,108,534
8,534,205
11,112,068
16,065,617
17,400,855
26,956,000
27,705,000
36,064,000
31,018,000
Educational
opportunity
grants
7
.......................................
2,534,378
3,558,440
4,919,264
6,764,683
7,092,393
6,484,000
5,545,000
8,158,000
5,193,000
Work­
study
........................................................................
596,065
599,467
615,269
625,043
620,878
620,000
619,000
825,000
830,000
Perkins
loan
program
.......................................................
322,749
219,850
157,415
183,262
177,413
187,000
118,000
182,000
165,000
Federal
Family
Education
Loan
program
8
.......................
1,597,877
4,130,920
5,341,039
8,380,619
8,444,937
10,461,000
10,722,000
11,732,000
8,295,000
Other
student
assistance
programs
9
...............................
57,465
25,528
79,081
112,010
1,065,234
9,204,000
10,701,000
15,167,000
16,535,000
Direct
aid
to
postsecondary
institutions
................................
277,068
329,714
341,634
518,908
740,677
780,000
830,000
887,000
952,000
Aid
to
minority
and
developing
institutions
.......................
114,680
140,374
99,812
130,743
211,054
231,000
304,000
321,000
334,000
Special
programs
for
the
disadvantaged
..........................
147,389
174,940
241,822
388,165
529,623
549,000
526,000
566,000
618,000
Cooperative
education
......................................................
14,999
14,400
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Higher
education
facilities
.....................................................
268,493
194,556
84,305
81,026
49,888
46,000
51,000
24,000
29,000
Construction
loans
and
insurance
....................................
35,362
33,188
30,000
46,472
20,607
15,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
Interest
subsidy
grants
.....................................................
24,626
24,968
38,741
22,647
18,188
21,000
17,000
 
 
College
housing
loans
......................................................
208,505
136,400
15,564
11,907
11,093
10,000
33,000
23,000
28,000
Other
higher
education
programs
.........................................
34,927
74,340
188,999
201,734
129,951
120,000
 
 
 
International
education
and
foreign
languages
10
............
19,977
32,050
86,337
114,761
 
 
 
 
 
Funds
for
Improvement
of
Postsecondary
Education
11
..
12,000
12,710
99,450
86,257
129,554
116,000
(
11)
(
12)
(
12)
Other
.................................................................................
2,950
29,580
3,212
716
397
4,000
 
 
 
Public
library
services
............................................................
101,218
116,027
132,583
144,380
149,591
150,000
128,000
(
13)
(
13)

Public
library
services
.......................................................
66,451
75,000
82,505
83,227
83,227
83,000
93,000
(
13)
(
13)
Interlibrary
cooperation
.....................................................
 
18,000
19,551
19,749
19,749
24,000
18,000
(
13)
(
13)
Public
library
construction
.................................................
 
16,027
14,837
14,871
21,074
24,000
12,000
(
13)
(
13)
Research
libraries
.............................................................
5,992
6,000
6,593
5,808
5,808
 
3,000
(
13)
(
13)
Other
.................................................................................
28,775
1,000
9,097
20,725
19,733
19,000
2,000
(
13)
(
13)

Payments
to
special
institutions
............................................
273,860
253,622
292,736
320,455
321,753
340,000
314,000
324,000
343,000
American
Printing
House
for
the
Blind
.............................
4,349
5,500
5,663
6,298
6,463
7,000
7,000
7,000
8,000
National
Technical
Institute
for
the
Deaf
..........................
19,799
31,400
35,594
40,964
41,836
43,000
42,000
43,000
44,000
Gallaudet
College
.............................................................
49,409
59,092
67,643
77,589
78,435
80,000
78,000
79,000
81,000
Howard
University
.............................................................
200,303
157,630
183,836
195,604
195,019
210,000
187,000
195,000
210,000
Departmental
accounts
..........................................................
277,174
364,800
458,536
763,251
789,629
906,000
770,000
1,019,000
865,000
Educational
research
and
improvement
...........................
51,415
60,556
87,074
283,078
294,323
327,000
353,000
598,000
431,000
Departmental
management
account
................................
223,857
300,885
370,844
480,166
495,249
579,000
416,000
416,000
433,000
Other
.................................................................................
1,875
3,349
 
 
 
 
1,000
5,000
1,000
Trust
funds
........................................................................
27
10
618
7
57
 
 
 
 
414
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
363.
 
Federal
on­
budget
funds
obligated
for
programs
administered
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education:
Fiscal
years
1980
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
thousands
of
dollars]

Program
(
In
constant
1998
dollars)
1
1980
1985
1990
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2
1998
3
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Total
.................................................................................
$
28,058,872
$
27,823,436
$
31,526,144
$
38,100,576
$
40,512,843
$
49,913,211
$
47,690,912
$
58,746,942
$
54,525,000
Elementary
and
secondary
education
...................................
8,434,320
6,997,722
8,964,246
9,669,979
9,726,849
9,807,855
8,193,537
10,616,314
11,310,000
Grants
for
the
disadvantaged
...........................................
6,376,273
5,538,391
6,731,549
7,517,910
7,761,951
7,739,649
6,171,334
8,003,885
7,881,000
School
improvement
programs
.........................................
1,569,699
1,105,947
1,905,454
1,806,335
1,508,764
1,443,660
1,277,622
1,459,526
1,543,000
Bilingual
education
............................................................
337,331
253,725
235,246
254,796
264,460
221,440
186,407
266,762
354,000
Indian
education
...............................................................
151,017
99,659
91,997
90,937
91,271
87,071
55,503
62,347
63,000
Education
Reform
 
Goals
2000
.......................................
 
 
 
 
100,403
316,036
502,671
823,794
1,469,000
School
assistance
in
federally
affected
areas
.......................
1,617,362
1,028,687
1,019,709
858,517
1,005,450
841,687
736,204
753,271
851,000
Maintenance
and
operations
............................................
1,372,883
983,228
896,906
805,064
868,202
768,590
721,542
695,012
742,000
Construction
......................................................................
220,602
34,061
28,668
5,973
9,467
2,150
13,614
12,265
19,000
Disaster
assistance
...........................................................
23,876
11,398
94,135
47,480
127,782
70,947
1,047
45,993
90,000
Education
for
the
handicapped
.............................................
3,094,464
3,941,867
4,351,186
5,364,903
6,579,026
6,199,244
6,125,256
6,696,649
7,605,000
State
grant
programs
........................................................
1,623,195
1,841,104
1,573,963
2,080,606
3,064,963
2,651,905
2,460,993
3,133,688
3,866,000
Early
childhood
education
4
..............................................
77,090
40,845
350,510
537,584
729,691
710,543
858,730
738,962
869,000
Special
centers,
projects,
and
research
...........................
109,582
78,998
91,229
157,223
112,051
141,894
115,195
126,738
144,000
Captioned
films
and
media
services
................................
35,373
52,739
18,993
19,837
20,521
20,424
19,897
47,016
53,000
Personnel
training
.............................................................
110,179
100,578
88,569
101,741
114,706
97,821
95,298
82,788
82,000
Handicapped
rehabilitation
service
and
research
............
1,139,045
1,827,602
2,227,923
2,467,913
2,537,094
2,576,658
2,575,142
2,567,457
2,591,000
Vocational
education
and
adult
programs
.............................
2,295,586
1,266,030
1,423,681
1,778,400
1,605,897
1,570,504
1,430,518
1,516,762
1,552,000
Basic
programs
5
...............................................................
1,481,625
1,072,863
1,073,650
1,185,211
1,047,939
1,079,251
1,134,151
1,037,408
1,044,000
Consumer
and
homemaking
............................................
125,686
48,996
43,157
40,498
37,380
1,075
 
 
 
Program
improvement
and
supportive
services
...............
323,348
7,691
 
 
 
 
 
102,208
103,000
State
planning
and
advisory
councils
...............................
26,708
11,213
9,906
10,079
10,021
9,675
4,189
 
 
Adult
education,
grants
to
states
......................................
305,862
125,266
235,406
349,760
280,912
321,410
284,847
361,815
375,000
Other
6
...............................................................................
32,356
 
61,562
192,852
229,644
159,093
7,331
15,331
30,000
Postsecondary
student
financial
assistance
.........................
10,164,376
12,618,151
13,893,386
18,137,286
19,189,852
28,976,386
29,013,542
36,860,185
31,018,000
Educational
opportunity
grants
7
.......................................
5,042,615
5,261,291
6,150,541
7,636,992
7,821,568
6,969,984
5,806,897
8,338,104
5,193,000
Work­
study
........................................................................
1,185,982
886,335
769,269
705,643
684,711
666,470
648,236
843,214
830,000
Perkins
loan
program
.......................................................
642,169
325,057
196,816
206,894
195,653
201,016
123,573
186,018
165,000
Federal
Family
Education
Loan
program
8
.......................
3,179,273
6,107,725
6,677,885
9,461,304
9,313,168
11,245,065
11,228,414
11,991,007
8,295,000
Other
student
assistance
programs
9
...............................
114,337
37,744
98,875
126,454
1,174,752
9,893,851
11,206,422
15,501,842
16,535,000
Direct
aid
to
postsecondary
institutions
................................
551,278
487,495
427,144
585,821
816,827
838,462
869,202
906,582
952,000
Aid
to
minority
and
developing
institutions
.......................
228,177
207,548
124,795
147,602
232,753
248,314
318,358
328,087
334,000
Special
programs
for
the
disadvantaged
..........................
293,258
258,656
302,349
438,219
584,074
590,148
550,844
578,496
618,000
Cooperative
education
......................................................
29,843
21,291
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Higher
education
facilities
.....................................................
534,217
287,659
105,406
91,474
55,017
49,448
53,409
24,530
29,000
Construction
loans
and
insurance
....................................
70,359
49,070
37,509
52,465
22,726
16,124
1,047
1,022
1,000
Interest
subsidy
grants
.....................................................
48,998
36,916
48,438
25,567
20,058
22,574
17,803
 
 
College
housing
loans
......................................................
414,859
201,673
19,460
13,442
12,233
10,750
34,559
23,508
28,000
Other
higher
education
programs
.........................................
69,494
109,915
236,305
227,748
143,311
128,994
 
 
 
International
education
and
foreign
languages
10
............
39,748
47,387
107,947
129,559
 
 
 
 
 
Funds
for
Improvement
of
Postsecondary
Education
11
..
23,876
18,792
124,342
97,380
142,874
124,694
 
(
12)
(
12)
Other
.................................................................................
5,870
43,735
4,016
808
438
4,300
 
 
 
Public
library
services
............................................................
201,392
171,550
165,768
162,998
164,971
161,243
134,046
(
13)
(
13)

Public
library
services
.......................................................
132,217
110,890
103,156
93,959
91,784
89,221
97,393
(
13)
(
13)
Interlibrary
cooperation
.....................................................
 
26,614
24,445
22,296
21,779
25,799
18,850
(
13)
(
13)
Public
library
construction
.................................................
 
23,697
18,551
16,789
23,241
25,799
12,567
(
13)
(
13)
Research
libraries
.............................................................
11,922
8,871
8,243
6,557
6,405
 
3,142
(
13)
(
13)
Other
.................................................................................
57,253
1,479
11,374
23,397
21,762
20,424
2,094
(
13)
(
13)

Payments
to
special
institutions
............................................
544,895
374,990
366,007
361,778
354,833
365,483
328,831
331,153
343,000
American
Printing
House
for
the
Blind
.............................
8,653
8,132
7,080
7,110
7,127
7,525
7,331
7,155
8,000
National
Technical
Institute
for
the
Deaf
..........................
39,394
46,426
44,503
46,246
46,137
46,223
43,984
43,949
44,000
Gallaudet
College
.............................................................
98,308
87,370
84,574
87,594
86,499
85,996
81,684
80,744
81,000
Howard
University
.............................................................
398,540
233,062
229,850
220,827
215,069
225,740
195,832
199,305
210,000
Departmental
accounts
..........................................................
551,489
539,371
573,306
861,673
870,811
973,906
806,368
1,041,496
865,000
Educational
research
and
improvement
...........................
102,300
89,534
108,868
319,581
324,583
351,509
369,673
611,202
431,000
Departmental
management
account
................................
445,405
444,870
463,665
542,084
546,166
622,397
435,648
425,184
433,000
Other
.................................................................................
3,731
4,952
 
 
 
 
1,047
5,110
1,000
Trust
funds
........................................................................
54
15
773
8
63
 
 
 
 
1
Data
adjusted
by
the
federal
funds
composite
deflator
prepared
by
the
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget.

2
Revised
from
previously
published
data.

3
Estimated.

4
Includes
preschool
incentive
grants.

5
Includes
programs
of
national
significance
and
special
programs
for
the
disadvantaged

6
Includes
national
programs
for
research,
demonstrations,
evaluation
and
technical
assistance,
literacy
training
for
homeless
adults,
and
some
other
small
programs.

7
Includes
Pell
Grants,
Supplemental
Education
Opportunity
Grants,
State
Student
Incentive
Grants,
and
Income
Contingent
Loans.

8
Formerly
the
Guaranteed
Student
Loan
program.

9
Includes
Federal
Direct
Student
Loan
program
starting
in
fiscal
year
1994.

10
Starting
in
fiscal
year
1994
this
program
is
included
under
the
program,
``
Funds
for
Improvement
of
Postsecondary
Education.''
11
International
education
and
foreign
languages
are
included
under
this
program
starting
in
fiscal
year
1994.

12
This
program
is
included
under
the
``
Special
programs
for
the
disadvantaged''
program

13
This
program
was
transferred
to
the
Institute
of
Museum
and
Library
Services
in
fiscal
year
1997.
 
Data
are
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Data
presented
in
this
tabulation
are
obligations,
which
differ
from
outlay
figures
reported
in
other
tables
in
this
chapter.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government
fiscal
years
1982
to
1999.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
415
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
364.
 
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
outlays,
by
level
of
education
and
type
of
recipient:
Fiscal
years
1980
to
1998
[
In
millions
of
dollars]

Year
and
area
of
education
Total
Local
education
agencies
State
education
agencies
College
students
Institutions
of
higher
education
Federal
Multiple
types
of
recipients
Other
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1980
total
.............................................
$
13,137.8
$
5,313.7
$
1,103.2
$
2,137.4
$
2,267.2
$
249.8
$
693.8
$
1,372.7
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
6,629.1
5,309.4
662.2
34.2
22.0
62.5
513.4
25.5
Postsecondary
education
.........................
5,682.2
 
99.5
2,103.2
2,166.5
 
 
1,313.0
Other
programs
........................................
747.7
4.3
341.5
 
 
187.3
180.4
34.2
Education
research
and
statistics
............
78.7
 
 
 
78.7
 
 
 
1984
total
.............................................
15,534.7
5,256.5
1,879.0
2,193.4
2,167.4
330.2
516.7
3,191.4
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
6,220.8
5,252.4
536.0
55.5
35.3
22.9
259.9
58.8
Postsecondary
education
.........................
7,341.2
 
211.5
2,137.9
1,972.5
 
 
3,019.3
Other
programs
........................................
1,813.1
4.1
1,131.5
 
 
307.3
256.8
113.3
Education
research
and
statistics
............
159.6
 
 
 
159.6
 
 
 
1988
total
.............................................
18,326.9
6,614.8
2,234.6
3,103.4
2,519.5
319.4
838.8
2,696.3
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
8,098.4
6,606.3
717.9
66.2
39.5
23.8
616.7
28.0
Postsecondary
education
.........................
8,247.1
 
184.6
3,037.2
2,437.6
 
 
2,587.7
Other
programs
........................................
1,939.0
8.5
1,332.1
 
 
295.6
222.1
80.6
Education
research
and
statistics
............
42.4
 
 
 
42.4
 
 
 
1990
total
.............................................
23,198.6
8,000.7
2,490.3
3,859.6
3,649.8
441.4
912.2
3,844.4
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
9,681.3
7,995.0
700.3
80.5
85.4
113.1
650.7
56.3
Postsecondary
education
.........................
11,176.0
 
261.6
3,779.1
3,475.0
 
 
3,660.4
Other
programs
........................................
2,251.8
5.7
1,528.5
 
 
328.3
261.5
127.8
Education
research
and
statistics
............
89.5
 
 
 
89.5
 
 
 
1992
total
.............................................
26,116.0
9,834.7
2,883.2
4,090.7
4,107.4
418.3
1,189.4
3,592.4
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
12,057.7
9,830.1
1,011.0
92.9
232.7
49.8
762.3
78.8
Postsecondary
education
.........................
11,323.6
 
245.5
3,997.7
3,719.9
 
 
3,360.5
Other
programs
........................................
2,579.9
4.6
1,626.6
 
 
368.5
427.0
153.1
Education
research
and
statistics
............
154.8
 
 
 
154.8
 
 
 
1994
total
.............................................
29,713.4
10,935.6
3,264.8
4,800.5
4,831.3
504.5
1,258.2
4,118.5
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
13,769.2
10,929.2
1,354.0
159.9
275.2
60.9
902.1
87.9
Postsecondary
education
.........................
12,871.4
 
53.0
4,640.6
4,279.3
 
 
3,898.5
Other
programs
........................................
2,796.0
6.4
1,857.8
 
 
443.6
356.1
132.1
Education
research
and
statistics
............
276.8
 
 
 
276.8
 
 
 
1995
total
.............................................
31,403.0
11,210.7
3,584.0
4,964.7
5,016.1
485.4
1,349.2
4,792.9
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
14,029.0
11,203.3
1,410.0
190.5
170.1
70.3
946.9
37.9
Postsecondary
education
.........................
14,234.0
 
250.8
4,774.2
4,567.0
 
 
4,642.0
Other
programs
........................................
2,861.0
7.4
1,923.2
 
 
415.1
402.3
113.0
Education
research
and
statistics
............
279.0
 
 
 
279.0
 
 
 
1996
total
.............................................
29,977.8
11,077.8
3,669.6
5,129.8
5,053.4
562.1
1,682.3
2,802.9
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
14,323.8
11,073.1
1,650.7
161.1
141.5
59.2
1,201.4
36.8
Postsecondary
education
.........................
12,257.6
 
90.7
4,968.7
4,601.0
 
 
2,597.2
Other
programs
........................................
3,085.6
4.7
1,928.2
 
 
502.9
480.9
168.9
Education
research
and
statistics
............
310.9
 
 
 
310.9
 
 
 
1997
total
.............................................
30,110.6
11,229.1
3,698.5
5,200.5
5,480.0
467.9
1,535.4
2,499.1
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
14,511.2
11,220.3
1,654.2
165.4
149.5
58.3
1,224.1
39.4
Postsecondary
education
.........................
12,377.0
 
48.6
5,035.1
4,990.5
 
 
2,302.8
Other
programs
........................................
2,882.3
8.8
1,995.7
 
 
409.6
311.3
156.9
Education
research
and
statistics
............
340.0
 
 
 
340.0
 
 
 
1998
total
.............................................
30,735.6
11,486.7
3,737.9
5,502.1
6,031.0
484.6
1,475.8
2,017.5
Elementary/
secondary
..............................
14,787.3
11,477.5
1,662.2
241.8
153.4
47.5
1,148.8
56.0
Postsecondary
education
.........................
12,406.1
 
63.4
5,260.3
5,297.1
 
 
1,785.3
Other
programs
........................................
2,961.8
9.2
2,012.3
 
 
437.1
327.0
176.2
Education
research
and
statistics
............
580.5
 
 
 
580.5
 
 
 
1
Other
recipients
include
Indian
tribes,
private
nonprofit
agencies,
and
banks.
 
Data
are
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Outlays
by
type
of
recipient
are
estimated
based
on
obligation
data.
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
Budget
of
the
U.
S.
Government,
Fiscal
Years
1982
to
1999,
and
Catalog
of
Federal
Domestic
Assistance;
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development,
Fiscal
Years
1980
to
1998;
and
unpublished
data
obtained
from
various
federal
agencies.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
416
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
365.
 
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
obligations
for
major
programs,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
year
1997
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
Grants
for
the
disadvantaged
1
Block
grants
to
states
for
school
improvement
2
School
assistance
in
federally
affected
areas
3
Vocational
and
adult
education
4
Education
for
the
handicapped
5
Bilingual
education
6
Indian
education
Higher
and
continuing
education
7
Student
financial
assistance
8
Rehabilitation
services
9
Goals
2000
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total
..............................................
$
28,611,252
$
7,782,801
$
1,181,345
$
655,500
$
1,446,611
$
3,787,023
$
254,025
$
57,947
$
1,178,199
$
9,357,369
$
2,254,099
$
656,333
Alabama
............................................
461,534
131,021
18,772
1,916
28,154
56,607
436
$
1,101
39,535
133,282
47,175
3,536
Alaska
................................................
139,173
26,454
5,792
59,153
5,114
13,523
865
6,493
2,278
8,453
8,035
3,012
Arizona
..............................................
467,681
119,447
18,020
78,919
23,335
10,674
10,232
6,951
7,771
147,061
35,300
9,972
Arkansas
...........................................
277,119
81,904
11,376
275
16,768
39,446
144
116
15,211
76,199
28,778
6,903
California
...........................................
3,052,628
914,350
130,884
39,479
156,381
343,137
86,600
3,838
73,696
1,014,151
214,884
75,228
Colorado
............................................
323,443
74,354
14,189
4,855
17,801
46,376
3,669
377
11,749
115,047
27,580
7,446
Connecticut
.......................................
246,311
69,789
11,553
5,200
13,326
51,352
2,005
23
6,578
63,245
17,299
5,943
Delaware
...........................................
76,054
18,908
5,792
36
5,457
10,966
100
0
4,633
19,380
8,041
2,741
District
of
Columbia
...........................
762,360
23,452
5,760
629
5,468
4,934
1,032
0
321,434
387,105
11,547
1,000
Florida
................................................
1,238,872
346,594
51,936
6,356
68,165
201,975
16,911
52
23,242
388,960
105,809
28,872
Georgia
..............................................
652,130
198,098
29,998
5,694
41,888
91,689
1,644
0
34,959
167,380
63,828
16,951
Hawaii
................................................
107,957
20,820
5,879
23,226
6,791
11,400
1,370
0
7,413
20,077
8,151
2,829
Idaho
.................................................
119,569
26,509
5,774
3,442
7,780
16,871
1,548
262
3,408
39,310
11,596
3,068
Illinois
................................................
1,131,926
338,289
51,290
6,343
57,554
186,266
10,524
77
31,952
335,849
83,775
30,006
Indiana
...............................................
531,780
118,630
22,041
99
33,445
87,240
250
7
13,142
198,131
46,941
11,854
Iowa
...................................................
275,983
54,582
10,791
75
16,222
42,279
1,218
113
13,798
104,749
26,453
5,701
Kansas
..............................................
254,806
64,875
10,578
9,017
13,904
35,940
982
320
12,334
79,038
21,980
5,839
Kentucky
............................................
445,232
139,631
17,901
295
26,360
62,191
259
0
15,444
129,299
42,592
11,260
Louisiana
...........................................
585,124
201,296
24,774
3,091
29,675
64,848
1,239
461
25,678
169,749
48,421
15,894
Maine
.................................................
139,869
32,678
5,760
2,434
7,285
21,056
1,459
100
5,531
47,274
13,149
3,142
Maryland
............................................
393,007
100,045
18,454
4,306
21,742
73,649
1,349
150
17,359
113,315
33,118
9,519
Massachusetts
...................................
649,815
146,133
22,079
858
25,616
101,520
5,661
74
19,211
273,196
43,206
12,261
Michigan
............................................
935,139
340,860
44,979
4,137
50,097
123,749
1,505
2,559
25,931
235,206
78,461
27,654
Minnesota
..........................................
410,126
91,077
18,377
5,466
22,416
60,312
1,576
2,180
15,045
146,666
37,595
9,416
Mississippi
.........................................
395,297
130,376
15,546
2,566
19,458
41,600
322
222
18,636
121,673
34,662
10,237
Missouri
.............................................
504,818
128,588
21,442
6,983
29,972
77,151
1,370
41
14,786
163,385
49,256
11,844
Montana
............................................
136,611
27,077
5,760
23,452
6,272
13,981
3,059
1,889
7,484
37,326
9,310
1,000
Nebraska
...........................................
180,656
37,092
6,578
7,428
9,158
24,807
499
406
4,365
71,831
14,820
3,671
Nevada
..............................................
90,539
22,496
5,920
2,367
7,165
19,652
951
445
1,737
17,331
9,611
2,864
New
Hampshire
.................................
96,755
17,768
5,921
7
6,729
18,465
100
0
2,814
32,948
9,278
2,724
New
Jersey
........................................
622,211
163,840
28,294
9,939
33,320
125,751
3,960
106
13,363
183,341
45,237
15,060
New
Mexico
.......................................
272,387
64,799
8,874
46,475
10,915
32,930
6,246
5,026
8,745
64,845
18,178
5,355
New
York
...........................................
2,319,571
687,951
83,470
9,456
80,184
269,268
37,482
1,081
37,972
939,864
120,175
52,668
North
Carolina
...................................
616,830
144,895
26,398
5,913
41,928
106,773
1,250
2,091
35,847
168,573
69,162
13,997
North
Dakota
.....................................
104,531
18,994
5,760
12,704
5,500
8,967
1,315
1,002
4,927
34,586
8,014
2,763
Ohio
...................................................
1,124,159
312,174
48,148
2,600
60,914
142,022
306
7
21,944
406,862
100,889
28,293
Oklahoma
..........................................
379,079
88,452
14,437
16,138
20,856
48,982
5,791
11,129
16,978
119,934
34,025
2,358
Oregon
..............................................
277,649
80,981
12,594
1,861
16,660
43,454
2,764
1,230
7,754
76,576
26,581
7,195
Pennsylvania
.....................................
1,148,244
338,831
49,098
1,037
60,797
139,082
1,355
0
24,023
402,446
102,727
28,848
Rhode
Island
.....................................
125,983
25,127
5,760
1,363
7,017
17,940
1,063
0
5,328
50,469
9,017
2,898
South
Carolina
..................................
377,008
97,056
15,340
2,406
24,138
54,508
100
32
22,265
112,855
39,461
8,847
South
Dakota
....................................
165,003
20,831
5,796
18,276
5,602
12,385
2,509
2,025
3,844
82,849
8,053
2,833
Tennessee
.........................................
503,587
131,125
20,982
1,108
31,873
83,347
364
0
21,278
149,617
52,002
11,890
Texas
.................................................
2,068,166
679,899
90,396
24,613
111,243
311,994
18,274
172
51,167
565,249
160,646
54,513
Utah
...................................................
233,330
35,922
8,930
4,691
14,047
34,609
1,795
720
6,972
101,474
19,741
4,427
Vermont
.............................................
86,520
17,715
5,760
2
5,273
6,986
124
88
4,721
35,093
8,042
2,716
Virginia
..............................................
677,327
112,577
22,475
23,334
33,577
98,488
1,609
14
23,599
298,932
51,186
11,536
Washington
.......................................
465,961
122,852
20,877
22,395
25,774
69,712
4,375
2,979
14,512
132,873
38,337
11,276
West
Virginia
.....................................
225,620
74,995
8,839
6
12,827
30,757
100
0
8,600
61,662
22,040
5,794
Wisconsin
..........................................
509,542
129,779
22,038
7,327
27,673
78,166
694
1,654
17,840
166,162
45,941
12,270
Wyoming
...........................................
74,179
16,806
5,797
5,672
5,110
10,852
524
336
3,128
16,801
6,439
2,713
Indian
tribe
setaside
..........................
103,406
37,250
7,837
0
482
41,882
0
0
0
0
12,000
3,955
Undistributed
.....................................
160,275
20,406
2,031
129,108
0
7,243
0
0
0
0
738
750
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
...............................
18,029
9,191
1,555
0
373
4,550
355
0
651
280
834
241
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
........
562
0
0
0
100
0
100
0
89
274
0
0
Guam
.................................................
31,535
8,794
3,973
0
766
10,828
916
0
1,521
2,041
2,199
496
Marshall
Islands
................................
395
0
0
0
100
0
100
0
195
0
0
0
North
Mariana
Islands
.......................
12,084
4,603
886
0
365
2,526
219
0
1,801
849
721
114
Palau
.................................................
1,191
0
1
0
100
502
100
0
180
159
150
0
Puerto
Rico
.......................................
790,120
278,114
27,803
823
28,683
31,684
351
0
19,416
324,380
59,139
19,727
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
.............
1,619
0
0
0
0
0
728
0
890
0
0
0
Virgin
Islands
.....................................
32,834
15,647
3,279
150
915
7,180
281
0
1,492
1,706
1,775
410
1
Title
I,
formerly
called
Chapter
1,
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act
of
1981,
includes
Grants
to
Local
Education
Agencies,
Migrant
Education
 
Basic
State
Grants,
Program
for
Neglected
and
Delinquent
Children,
Capital
Expenses,
and
Even
Start
 
State
Educational
Agencies.
2
Title
VI,
formerly
called
Chapter
2
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act
of
1981,
includes
Eisenhower
Professional
Development
Grants,
Safe
and
Drug­
Free
Schools
and
Communities
 
State
Grants,
Education
for
Homeless
Children
and
Youth,
and
Innovative
Education
Program
Strategies.
3
Impact
Aid
 
Basic
Support
Payments
and
Impact
Aid
 
Payments
for
Children
with
Disabilities.
4
Includes
Vocational
Education
 
Basic
Grants
to
States,
Tech­
Prep
Education,
and
Adult
Education­
State
Grant
Program.
5
Includes
Special
Education
 
Grants
to
States,
Preschool
Grants,
and
Grants
for
Infants
and
Families
with
Disabilities.
6
Includes
Emergency
Immigrant
Education
Program
and
Bilingual
Education
State
Grants.
7
Includes
Institutional
Aid
to
Strengthen
Higher
Education
Institutions
serving
significant
numbers
of
low­
income
students,
Other
Special
Programs
for
the
Disadvantaged,
Cooperative
Education,
Fund
for
the
Improvement
of
Postsecondary
Education,
Fellowships
and
Scholarships,
and
annual
interest
subsidy
grants
for
facilities
construction.
8
Includes
Pell
Grants,
State
Student
Incentive
Grants,
Federal
Supplemental
Educational
Opportunity
Grants,
Federal
Work­
Study,
and
Federal
Perkins
Loans­
Capital
Contributions,
and
Guaranteed
Student
Loan
interest
subsidies.

9
Includes
Rehabilitation
Services
 
Vocational
Rehabilitation
Grants
to
States,
Supported
Employment
Services
for
Individuals
with
Severe
Disabilities,
Rehabilitation
Services
 
Client
Assistance
Program,
and
Independent
Living
 
State
Grants,
and
Protection
and
Advocacy
of
Individual
Rights.

10
Includes
State
and
Local
Education
Systemic
Improvement
Grants
and
Innovative
Education
Program
Strategies.

NOTE.
 
Data
reflect
revisions
to
figures
in
the
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government
Fiscal
Year
1999.
To
the
extent
possible,
data
represent
obligations
rather
than
outlays.
Because
of
the
exclusion
of
certain
programs,
totals
in
this
table
are
lower
than
those
reported
in
other
tables.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
based
on
unpublished
tabulations
from
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Federal
Expenditures
by
State
for
Fiscal
Year
1997.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1998.)
417
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
366.
 
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
obligations
for
major
programs,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
year
1996
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
Grants
for
the
disadvantaged
1
Block
grants
to
states
for
school
improvement
2
School
assistance
in
federally
affected
areas
3
Vocational
and
adult
education
4
Education
for
the
handicapped
5
Bilingual
education
6
Indian
education
Higher
and
continuing
education
7
Student
financial
assistance
8
Public
library
programs
9
Rehabilitation
services
10
Goals
2000
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
............................
$
23,169,044
$
5,877,908
$
1,014,622
$
621,707
$
1,324,769
$
3,144,751
$
186,524
$
50,180
$
1,037,480
$
7,275,673
$
122,624
$
2,191,920
$
320,885
Alabama
..........................
401,419
104,932
16,386
3,822
25,534
55,413
214
1,205
39,758
99,388
2,343
46,370
$
6,054
Alaska
.............................
115,798
22,498
4,974
50,357
4,984
10,390
1,016
5,715
2,456
4,618
899
7,862
29
Arizona
............................
410,975
87,262
15,136
67,929
20,932
40,807
7,185
5,864
7,282
117,446
1,982
33,596
5,554
Arkansas
.........................
221,201
64,679
9,837
889
15,057
29,434
100
101
14,102
57,400
1,328
28,204
69
California
.........................
2,517,806
691,965
111,557
52,700
140,435
344,881
66,018
3,494
74,588
765,436
13,004
210,819
42,909
Colorado
.........................
254,932
57,264
12,210
6,140
16,096
41,004
2,129
321
11,759
75,903
1,564
26,538
4,004
Connecticut
.....................
181,800
45,962
9,703
5,411
12,061
42,656
1,754
21
6,326
39,105
1,660
17,077
66
Delaware
.........................
63,584
14,308
4,974
67
5,253
9,124
160
0
4,636
15,357
562
7,874
1,267
District
of
Columbia
........
369,884
17,857
4,874
1,515
4,363
4,756
716
0
198,518
123,567
570
11,595
1,552
Florida
.............................
979,634
252,802
43,463
11,227
61,095
172,852
8,532
40
26,151
279,772
5,548
103,138
15,014
Georgia
...........................
517,636
143,475
25,677
6,058
37,781
71,144
686
0
35,486
123,752
2,796
61,652
9,129
Hawaii
.............................
86,306
16,056
4,974
17,414
6,247
10,427
1,550
0
6,736
13,863
1,007
8,005
26
Idaho
...............................
102,623
22,888
4,975
3,230
6,904
14,720
747
213
3,351
30,615
650
11,252
3,076
Illinois
..............................
864,739
266,003
44,193
9,063
51,880
133,309
5,639
68
31,564
235,991
4,497
82,230
303
Indiana
............................
420,921
92,514
19,058
538
30,439
68,549
301
8
12,979
143,409
2,324
44,122
6,681
Iowa
................................
225,630
42,509
9,446
124
14,669
33,610
615
88
12,268
79,920
1,440
24,582
6,359
Kansas
............................
213,163
49,909
9,092
9,759
12,565
28,661
989
281
10,230
66,239
1,369
20,909
3,160
Kentucky
.........................
351,966
109,184
15,497
966
23,672
47,360
275
0
14,596
91,289
1,626
41,842
5,659
Louisiana
........................
476,701
156,947
21,338
5,346
27,048
48,661
2,011
405
25,631
131,605
2,630
47,287
7,793
Maine
..............................
102,845
24,459
4,974
2,443
6,495
16,700
743
112
5,203
26,410
899
12,840
1,567
Maryland
.........................
319,999
72,257
15,573
8,962
19,462
53,545
1,116
129
18,429
90,689
2,209
32,511
5,118
Massachusetts
................
525,798
103,185
20,499
3,904
23,859
91,048
3,951
61
18,676
202,189
2,522
42,540
13,366
Michigan
.........................
762,383
261,032
39,009
5,025
46,088
99,024
990
2,081
24,918
189,009
4,166
77,117
13,926
Minnesota
.......................
333,882
69,899
15,731
4,632
20,569
56,709
2,158
1,880
13,750
98,648
2,490
36,874
10,541
Mississippi
......................
316,673
102,740
13,511
3,356
17,571
34,158
100
184
18,073
86,539
1,207
34,041
5,191
Missouri
..........................
418,419
98,868
18,601
6,040
26,773
60,645
1,008
35
13,893
129,487
2,152
48,134
12,782
Montana
..........................
113,558
21,422
4,974
20,219
5,751
9,946
1,606
1,604
7,064
29,748
685
8,949
1,590
Nebraska
........................
152,432
28,478
5,542
6,728
8,170
19,935
506
342
4,526
60,934
829
14,419
2,024
Nevada
...........................
69,984
15,994
5,026
3,047
6,515
15,190
413
409
1,777
10,214
927
9,142
1,330
New
Hampshire
..............
73,135
13,604
4,974
986
6,208
13,074
412
0
2,729
20,196
652
8,984
1,315
New
Jersey
.....................
476,660
118,721
24,258
11,571
29,886
99,695
2,086
97
13,214
120,798
3,103
44,273
8,959
New
Mexico
....................
223,086
49,780
7,619
36,628
9,840
24,248
4,303
4,327
8,541
56,231
1,181
17,726
2,663
New
York
........................
1,896,975
515,108
71,682
17,716
73,572
214,036
27,341
958
39,106
810,531
7,661
118,750
513
North
Carolina
................
486,613
111,143
22,433
7,820
38,172
77,113
875
1,785
35,211
121,617
2,801
67,496
147
North
Dakota
..................
92,451
14,559
4,974
14,665
5,278
7,230
1,464
859
4,165
28,220
597
7,813
2,626
Ohio
................................
969,863
247,970
41,853
3,537
55,788
126,415
829
6
21,717
338,348
4,762
99,296
29,341
Oklahoma
.......................
317,729
69,293
12,460
18,309
18,847
37,096
7,715
9,493
16,285
88,959
1,600
33,192
4,480
Oregon
............................
216,654
66,750
10,675
2,516
14,935
33,291
2,289
1,071
8,061
45,714
1,430
26,047
3,876
Pennsylvania
..................
927,378
258,813
42,383
2,611
54,771
125,741
1,668
0
24,468
310,111
5,196
101,323
294
Rhode
Island
..................
95,837
17,931
4,974
2,492
6,416
13,187
630
0
2,681
35,950
742
7,965
2,868
South
Carolina
................
317,256
75,967
13,344
5,562
22,092
49,661
129
21
19,326
85,433
2,027
38,894
4,800
South
Dakota
..................
149,118
16,314
4,974
13,497
5,355
9,196
1,881
1,755
3,628
82,700
513
7,866
1,439
Tennessee
......................
401,598
100,063
18,114
2,067
28,832
63,771
283
0
22,784
106,456
2,231
50,489
6,509
Texas
..............................
1,710,624
515,462
77,550
26,965
100,123
223,335
13,402
143
48,108
514,630
6,897
156,266
27,741
Utah
................................
183,397
28,066
7,820
5,934
12,736
30,149
850
592
7,109
67,321
1,023
19,294
2,502
Vermont
..........................
68,681
13,469
4,974
10
5,106
8,194
274
82
4,259
22,633
552
7,878
1,250
Virginia
............................
457,917
84,425
19,420
29,334
30,343
73,577
628
10
23,651
143,359
3,014
50,156
0
Washington
.....................
400,936
94,508
17,813
21,761
22,930
57,742
2,514
2,597
15,319
120,064
2,176
37,335
6,177
West
Virginia
..................
179,339
57,100
7,753
16
11,636
23,449
45
0
8,275
42,450
1,237
21,738
5,641
Wisconsin
.......................
409,962
101,937
18,972
6,474
25,106
57,479
981
1,435
16,147
127,609
2,306
44,808
6,707
Wyoming
.........................
61,614
13,287
4,974
5,460
4,977
7,562
595
287
3,046
13,002
532
6,605
1,287
Indian
tribe
setaside
.......
70,234
0
6,763
0
12,311
35,848
0
0
0
0
2,540
10,572
2,200
Undistributed
...................
389,922
22,843
1,120
67,549
2,812
0
0
0
2,138
292,717
7
735
0
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
............
7,670
0
1,328
0
349
3,096
194
0
614
822
89
819
358
Federated
States
of
Micronesia
...................
852
0
0
0
100
0
450
0
0
0
0
0
302
Guam
..............................
16,300
0
3,092
0
720
7,415
510
0
1,577
1,316
124
1,352
195
Marshall
Islands
..............
203
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
103
North
Mariana
Islands
....
4,899
0
756
0
344
2,254
107
0
79
489
87
680
103
Palau
...............................
1,204
0
2
0
100
662
0
0
0
0
57
202
182
Puerto
Rico
.....................
652,497
213,443
24,209
1,181
25,864
49,534
490
0
18,104
258,262
1,516
50,104
9,791
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
...................
798
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
798
0
0
0
0
Virgin
Islands
..................
14,954
0
2,552
137
847
6,045
352
0
1,618
1,194
87
1,742
380
1
Title
I,
formerly
called
Chapter
1,
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act
of
1981,
includes
Grants
to
Local
Education
Agencies,
Migrant
Education
 
Basic
State
Grants,
Program
for
Neglected
and
Delinquent
Children,
Capital
Expenses,
and
Even
Start
 
State
Educational
Agencies.

2
Title
VI,
formerly
called
Chapter
2
Education
Consolidation
and
Improvement
Act
of
1981,
includes
Eisenhower
Professional
Development
Grants,
Drug­
Free
Schools
and
Communities
 
State
Grants,
Education
for
Homeless
Children
and
Youth,
and
Innovative
Education
Program
Strategies.

3
Impact
Aid
 
Basic
Support
Payments
and
Impact
Aid
 
Payments
for
Children
with
Disabilities.

4
Includes
Vocational
Education
 
Basic
Grants
to
States,
Tech­
Prep
Education,
and
Adult
Education­
State
Grant
Program.

5
Includes
Special
Education
 
Grants
to
States,
Preschool
Grants,
Special
Education
 
Grants
for
Infants
and
Families
with
Disabilities,
and
Education
of
Children
with
Disabilities.

6
Includes
Emergency
Immigrant
Education
Program
and
Bilingual
Education
State
Grants.

7
Includes
Institutional
Aid
to
Strengthen
Higher
Education
Institutions
serving
significant
numbers
of
low­
income
students,
Other
Special
Programs
for
the
Disadvantaged,
Cooperative
Education,
Fund
for
the
Improvement
of
Postsecondary
Education,
Fellowships
and
Scholarships,
and
annual
interest
subsidy
grants
for
facilities
construction.
8
Includes
Pell
Grants,
State
Student
Incentive
Grants,
and
Guaranteed
Student
Loan
interest
subsidies.

9
Includes
Public
Library
Services,
Public
Library
Construction
and
Technology
Enhancement
and
Interlibrary
Cooperation
and
Resource
Sharing.

10
Includes
Rehabilitation
Services
 
Vocational
Rehabilitation
Grants
to
States,
Supported
Employment
Services
for
Individuals
with
Severe
Disabilities,
Rehabilitation
Services
 
Client
Assistance
Program,
Independent
Living
 
State
Grants,
and
Program
of
Protection
and
Advocacy
of
Individual
Rights.

11
Includes
State
and
Local
Education
Systemic
Improvement
Grants.

NOTE.
 
Data
reflect
revisions
to
figures
in
the
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government
Fiscal
Year
1998.
To
the
extent
possible,
data
represent
obligations
rather
than
outlays.
Because
of
the
exclusion
of
certain
programs,
totals
in
this
table
are
lower
than
those
reported
in
other
tables.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
based
on
unpublished
tabulations
from
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Federal
Expenditures
by
State
for
Fiscal
Year
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1997.)
418
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
367.
 
Appropriations
for
Title
I
and
Title
VI,
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
(
ESEA)
1
of
1994,
by
state
or
other
area:
1996
 
97
and
1997
 
98
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Title
I
total,
school
year
1996
 
97
2
Title
I,
3
school
year
1997
 
98
4
Title
VI
5
Total
Local
education
grants
Neglected
and
delinquent
children
Migrant
children
Other
6
1996
appropriations
for
1996
 
97
1997
appropriations
for
1997
 
98
Total
7
Basic
grants
Concentration
grants
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
8
........................................................................
$
7,215,249
$
7,783,127
$
7,295,232
$
6,207,799
$
1,012,028
$
39,311
$
305,473
$
143,111
$
275,000
$
310,000
Alabama
........................................................................
128,784
131,409
125,698
106,699
18,999
617
3,381
1,714
4,220
4,684
Alaska
............................................................................
25,348
26,662
16,935
15,302
1,633
172
9,071
484
1,365
1,539
Arizona
..........................................................................
105,959
121,119
112,826
95,305
17,521
803
5,774
1,716
4,312
5,032
Arkansas
........................................................................
78,937
80,476
75,042
64,318
10,724
385
3,995
1,054
2,541
2,866
California
.......................................................................
830,700
924,684
820,147
694,666
125,481
3,640
84,472
16,425
31,703
35,956
Colorado
........................................................................
69,894
74,147
69,612
60,653
8,959
277
3,238
1,020
3,797
4,280
Connecticut
....................................................................
55,932
71,835
67,008
58,097
8,911
775
2,732
1,320
3,020
3,426
Delaware
.......................................................................
17,074
19,069
17,723
15,250
2,473
202
398
746
1,365
1,539
District
of
Columbia
.......................................................
21,703
23,309
21,490
18,099
3,391
847
308
664
1,365
1,539
Florida
............................................................................
306,097
358,106
328,272
280,197
48,075
1,326
23,513
4,995
12,480
14,442
Georgia
..........................................................................
175,799
200,419
191,891
164,749
27,141
1,377
4,596
2,556
7,289
8,247
Hawaii
............................................................................
19,751
20,746
20,124
17,290
2,835
120
0
502
1,365
1,539
Idaho
..............................................................................
27,055
26,092
21,879
19,128
2,751
100
3,588
524
1,366
1,553
Illinois
.............................................................................
327,388
334,055
324,606
278,804
45,802
1,719
2,048
5,682
11,763
13,249
Indiana
...........................................................................
113,324
117,423
111,758
100,338
11,420
632
3,248
1,784
5,784
6,486
Iowa
...............................................................................
52,283
53,355
51,587
47,050
4,537
237
608
923
2,937
3,249
Kansas
...........................................................................
59,938
64,479
53,947
47,957
5,991
539
9,112
881
2,748
3,066
Kentucky
........................................................................
132,963
137,956
127,104
107,970
19,134
859
7,944
2,049
3,845
4,276
Louisiana
.......................................................................
192,972
197,894
191,287
161,779
29,509
656
2,564
3,386
4,870
5,426
Maine
.............................................................................
29,334
32,818
28,085
25,272
2,814
132
4,095
506
1,365
1,539
Maryland
........................................................................
88,763
101,037
97,405
85,142
12,263
1,113
320
2,199
4,795
5,432
Massachusetts
...............................................................
125,917
148,846
142,984
121,950
21,033
743
2,196
2,924
5,431
6,123
Michigan
........................................................................
319,188
340,649
321,769
276,704
45,065
958
12,852
5,070
9,893
11,037
Minnesota
......................................................................
85,557
90,942
86,178
76,809
9,369
197
2,562
2,005
4,957
5,557
Mississippi
.....................................................................
126,428
127,989
124,675
106,146
18,529
279
1,137
1,898
2,978
3,325
Missouri
.........................................................................
117,408
128,881
124,488
107,700
16,788
709
1,097
2,587
5,442
6,082
Montana
.........................................................................
26,226
26,509
25,308
21,716
3,592
68
620
514
1,365
1,539
Nebraska
.......................................................................
34,365
36,505
31,736
28,834
2,902
297
3,562
911
1,768
1,978
Nevada
..........................................................................
19,543
22,897
21,881
19,364
2,517
170
348
499
1,417
1,679
New
Hampshire
.............................................................
16,648
17,689
16,730
15,324
1,407
347
89
523
1,365
1,539
New
Jersey
....................................................................
145,386
165,699
158,037
136,704
21,333
2,464
1,133
4,064
7,333
8,330
New
Mexico
...................................................................
61,052
64,712
62,366
52,663
9,703
292
1,037
1,018
1,941
2,174
New
York
.......................................................................
627,760
691,343
665,779
568,981
96,799
2,786
7,094
15,684
16,973
19,091
North
Carolina
...............................................................
136,057
144,469
137,011
119,980
17,031
1,001
4,636
1,820
6,759
7,723
North
Dakota
.................................................................
17,773
18,866
17,675
15,393
2,282
46
571
574
1,365
1,539
Ohio
...............................................................................
307,328
307,721
298,122
257,641
40,481
2,118
1,598
5,882
11,232
12,541
Oklahoma
......................................................................
85,198
89,482
86,346
73,844
12,502
359
1,608
1,170
3,486
3,892
Oregon
...........................................................................
79,527
80,243
67,462
59,481
7,981
1,198
10,614
969
3,112
3,530
Pennsylvania
.................................................................
315,880
338,981
323,243
280,804
42,440
670
6,572
8,496
11,385
12,769
Rhode
Island
.................................................................
21,939
25,482
24,175
21,094
3,081
357
122
829
1,365
1,539
South
Carolina
...............................................................
93,480
95,786
93,292
79,932
13,360
871
433
1,190
3,680
4,095
South
Dakota
.................................................................
19,921
20,536
19,289
16,676
2,613
191
536
519
1,365
1,539
Tennessee
.....................................................................
123,385
130,600
128,056
108,973
19,083
620
173
1,750
5,049
5,677
Texas
.............................................................................
625,538
682,084
627,681
532,726
94,955
2,034
42,739
9,630
20,300
22,947
Utah
...............................................................................
34,293
35,270
33,044
29,508
3,536
445
1,274
508
2,661
2,949
Vermont
.........................................................................
16,327
17,774
16,307
14,525
1,781
104
845
518
1,365
1,539
Virginia
...........................................................................
102,822
111,611
108,448
95,505
12,944
932
661
1,570
6,151
6,903
Washington
....................................................................
113,398
123,404
107,699
93,183
14,515
778
13,339
1,588
5,499
6,204
West
Virginia
.................................................................
70,426
74,226
72,921
61,857
11,064
228
110
967
1,742
1,895
Wisconsin
......................................................................
125,368
128,105
124,316
113,849
10,467
936
595
2,258
5,406
6,065
Wyoming
........................................................................
16,270
16,624
15,894
14,313
1,581
87
153
490
1,365
1,539
Other
activities
Bureau
of
Indian
Affairs
................................................
41,609
45,458
45,458
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Migrant
coordination
activities
.......................................
5,999
5,998
0
0
0
0
5,998
0
0
0
Even
Start
Migrant,
Indian,
and
Territory
setaside
.......
8,600
8,600
3,500
0
0
0
0
5,100
0
0
Even
Start
Evaluation/
Technical
Assistance
...............
1,374
1,369
0
0
0
0
0
1,369
0
0
Even
Start/
State
Literacy
Initiative
................................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Competitive
grants
........................................................
5,000
5,000
5,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
...........................................................
4,978
5,141
5,141
0
0
0
0
0
330
373
Guam
.............................................................................
4,846
4,819
4,819
0
0
0
0
0
771
869
Northern
Marianas
.........................................................
2,362
2,734
2,734
0
0
0
0
0
188
212
Puerto
Rico
....................................................................
261,604
274,238
262,487
221,557
40,929
497
4,164
7,090
4,624
5,122
Virgin
Islands
.................................................................
8,474
8,753
8,753
0
0
0
0
0
635
716
1
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
was
most
recently
revised
through
the
Improving
America's
Schools
Act
(
IASA)
of
1994.
2
Data
are
based
on
fiscal
year
1997
budget
authorizations.
Excludes
$
3,359,000
for
Title
I
evaluation.
3
Formerly
Chapter
1.
4
Data
are
based
on
fiscal
year
1998
budget
authorizations.
Excludes
$
6,977,000
for
Title
I
evaluation.
5
Formerly
Chapter
2.
6
Includes
capital
expenses,
and
Even
Start
grants.
7
Includes
other
programs
not
shown
separately.
8
Total
includes
other
activities
and
outlying
areas.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
Budget
Service,
Elementary,
Secondary,
and
Vocational
Education
Analysis
Division,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1998.)
419
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
368.
 
Federal
science
and
engineering
obligations
to
colleges
and
universities,
by
agency
and
state:
Fiscal
year
1996
1
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total
Department
of
Agriculture
Department
of
Defense
Department
of
Education
Department
of
Energy
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
National
Science
Foundation
Other
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
United
States
......................
18,397,350
863,033
2,119,199
173,637
3,222,520
102,440
7,311,754
1,837,491
2,329,520
437,756
Alabama
...................................
237,514
25,523
18,304
3,621
4,848
592
137,543
33,052
12,630
1,401
Alaska
......................................
32,650
3,772
752
433
98
15
2,403
9,194
6,742
9,241
Arizona
.....................................
213,828
8,824
22,040
3,600
6,686
5,146
65,455
25,291
70,822
5,964
Arkansas
..................................
57,442
23,547
6,271
3,745
200
75
19,624
532
2,167
1,281
California
..................................
4,042,474
33,411
232,421
20,683
1,054,028
10,262
1,007,776
1,252,030
393,446
38,417
Colorado
..................................
352,771
12,041
18,085
5,533
8,917
2,734
130,906
21,391
120,507
32,657
Connecticut
..............................
271,161
7,813
14,067
857
10,465
157
210,166
1,654
22,027
3,955
Delaware
..................................
42,632
7,888
7,395
2,572
1,768
1,434
5,851
1,424
11,106
3,194
District
of
Columbia
.................
175,363
1,774
37,130
3,775
4,561
828
82,213
7,466
11,359
26,257
Florida
......................................
317,244
22,024
39,291
5,063
14,617
2,173
131,576
22,863
64,165
15,472
Georgia
....................................
324,462
28,383
82,375
3,626
13,007
3,378
130,685
14,504
36,611
11,893
Hawaii
......................................
70,073
11,643
2,894
633
2,810
192
17,155
7,708
17,444
9,594
Idaho
........................................
18,838
7,887
1,544
672
1,298
266
1,345
396
3,285
2,145
Illinois
.......................................
1,075,285
23,485
52,699
9,162
578,120
1,527
264,876
12,133
124,322
8,961
Indiana
.....................................
209,979
22,549
17,198
1,373
18,180
1,420
94,404
3,522
48,385
2,948
Iowa
.........................................
195,030
26,080
5,162
896
32,346
4,205
92,384
8,091
19,540
6,326
Kansas
.....................................
80,368
13,137
3,446
5,605
6,328
1,516
33,942
2,190
13,311
893
Kentucky
..................................
88,395
23,299
3,506
1,408
5,488
381
43,680
1,144
9,032
457
Louisiana
..................................
148,158
20,089
26,667
1,325
15,231
1,260
57,870
4,890
14,366
6,460
Maine
.......................................
17,013
7,204
1,314
236
511
277
872
116
3,726
2,757
Maryland
..................................
938,400
15,993
375,385
3,670
15,627
4,029
362,325
84,121
52,343
24,907
Massachusetts
.........................
1,187,272
10,309
411,724
4,496
86,732
6,347
421,414
56,712
162,272
27,266
Michigan
...................................
454,959
23,757
40,888
3,477
14,446
5,207
253,966
17,111
82,381
13,726
Minnesota
................................
225,288
19,735
13,842
2,730
6,127
2,551
134,473
2,878
37,490
5,462
Mississippi
................................
74,365
33,220
7,060
1,545
3,671
776
12,627
2,471
8,568
4,427
Missouri
....................................
293,247
26,888
9,291
3,514
5,584
392
218,661
4,638
22,500
1,779
Montana
...................................
38,938
8,914
4,528
2,048
1,591
508
5,165
2,202
12,888
1,094
Nebraska
..................................
65,110
15,974
3,393
706
897
24
22,531
1,352
14,538
5,695
Nevada
.....................................
27,301
3,232
1,332
198
3,908
1,004
6,497
922
7,666
2,542
New
Hampshire
.......................
77,345
4,104
3,375
459
1,142
356
39,056
12,957
12,446
3,450
New
Jersey
..............................
285,297
11,268
25,827
1,073
75,165
4,045
95,162
8,064
54,410
10,283
New
Mexico
.............................
678,817
9,454
45,516
3,284
555,757
395
24,077
23,136
14,928
2,270
New
York
.................................
1,463,124
26,916
62,246
10,149
378,262
3,565
720,571
23,153
220,194
18,068
North
Carolina
..........................
543,479
36,996
34,707
8,340
11,556
7,231
361,143
8,146
51,803
23,557
North
Dakota
............................
39,418
9,942
2,781
1,067
14,842
492
3,765
944
4,497
1,088
Ohio
.........................................
400,015
22,127
53,047
3,843
9,183
3,862
234,896
15,802
47,300
9,955
Oklahoma
.................................
79,505
17,842
5,395
1,667
3,087
1,168
22,899
8,351
14,543
4,553
Oregon
.....................................
173,839
21,584
14,527
6,153
9,704
4,464
70,470
4,689
29,993
12,255
Pennsylvania
............................
895,194
24,754
166,944
8,168
45,040
3,602
502,846
15,917
121,083
6,840
Rhode
Island
............................
74,012
7,379
12,190
0
3,069
275
24,751
2,358
16,390
7,600
South
Carolina
.........................
111,858
16,260
17,010
1,357
24,071
299
34,920
2,269
11,256
4,416
South
Dakota
...........................
19,334
9,910
967
328
0
0
926
1,368
5,384
451
Tennessee
...............................
207,613
25,466
12,290
2,442
7,512
1,069
134,230
6,360
14,847
3,397
Texas
.......................................
772,016
39,769
90,591
7,835
25,241
2,779
465,015
35,699
91,032
14,055
Utah
.........................................
136,090
7,331
25,351
2,251
7,005
509
66,192
4,630
21,557
1,264
Vermont
...................................
44,143
9,325
1,419
1,802
1,023
74
25,809
470
3,622
599
Virginia
.....................................
328,581
20,692
23,115
4,467
88,957
1,044
116,181
20,056
40,999
13,070
Washington
..............................
393,809
21,250
36,798
3,182
22,859
2,218
228,671
10,025
55,561
13,245
West
Virginia
............................
84,002
8,139
7,823
855
2,076
4,794
8,016
18,119
34,080
100
Wisconsin
.................................
297,040
19,942
14,841
7,477
18,538
1,369
162,865
12,283
50,537
9,188
Wyoming
..................................
17,259
4,188
2,435
236
341
154
908
697
7,419
881
Outlying
areas
.....................
73,615
20,351
3,822
1,613
1,049
424
24,270
3,154
18,170
762
American
Samoa
.....................
1,173
1,029
0
94
50
0
0
0
0
0
Guam
.......................................
3,696
2,289
200
102
0
354
553
0
158
40
Puerto
Rico
..............................
64,010
12,351
3,622
1,417
999
70
23,717
3,154
17,978
702
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
....
2,731
2,731
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Virgin
Islands
...........................
2,005
1,951
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
20
1
Dollars
reflect
actual
obligations
during
the
fiscal
year
regardless
of
when
the
funds
were
actually
spent
by
a
recipient
institution.
Data
include
obligations
to
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
administered
by
colleges
and
universities.
2
Includes
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
U.
S.
Department
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development
U.
S.
Department
of
the
Interior,
Agency
for
International
Development,
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation,
and
Nuclear
Regulatory
Commission

SOURCE:
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Support
to
Universities,
Colleges,
and
Nonprofit
Institutions,
Fiscal
Year
1996.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
420
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
369.
 
Summary
of
federal
funds
for
research,
development,
and
R&
D
plant:
Fiscal
years
1990
to
1998
[
In
millions]

Item
Actual
Estimate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Percent
change,
1997
to
1998
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
outlays
for
research,
development,
and
R
&
D
plant
.............................................................................
$
64,276.5
$
64,292.3
$
65,719.0
$
68,385.8
$
68,335.9
$
68,410.0
$
67,756.1
$
70,023.0
$
69,499.9
 
0.7
Research
and
development
...................................................
62,246.8
61,130.4
62,934.5
65,241.3
66,158.8
66,374.6
65,909.9
68,057.5
67,585.1
 
0.7
R
&
D
plant
.............................................................................
2,029.7
3,162.0
2,784.5
3,144.5
2,177.1
2,035.4
1,846.2
1,965.5
1,914.8
 
2.6
Total
obligations
for
research,
development,
and
R
&
D
plant
.............................................................................
65,950.9
64,990.5
68,577.2
70,414.7
69,427.0
71,011.8
69,408.7
71,996.1
71,592.7
 
0.6
Research
and
development
obligations
.................................
63,667.3
61,295.2
65,592.6
67,314.0
67,255.8
68,754.9
67,662.6
69,972.9
69,838.4
 
0.2
Performers
Federal
intramural
1
.........................................................
16,002.5
15,238.1
15,690.1
16,556.2
16,139.1
17,342.7
16,596.4
17,438.4
16,806.5
 
3.6
Industrial
firms
.................................................................
29,378.3
26,420.6
29,744.8
30,326.1
30,454.4
30,468.7
30,361.4
31,519.7
31,727.2
0.7
FFRDCs2
administered
by
industrial
firms
.....................
2,237.6
2,068.3
2,009.8
1,451.3
1,293.5
1,203.9
1,137.0
1,111.3
1,190.7
7.1
Universities
and
colleges
................................................
9,142.2
10,168.5
10,271.2
11,156.1
11,828.7
11,933.0
11,944.7
12,340.6
12,515.0
1.4
FFRDCs2
administered
by
universities
and
colleges
.....
3,466.4
3,603.8
3,855.5
3,666.5
3,292.9
3,574.3
3,447.7
3,369.7
3,347.2
 
0.7
Other
nonprofit
institutions
..............................................
2,249.6
2,637.4
2,803.6
2,811.9
2,929.6
2,806.5
2,886.9
2,938.1
3,033.1
3.2
FFRDCs2
administered
by
nonprofit
institutions
............
632.3
679.4
745.6
753.4
735.5
831.4
754.5
732.1
746.2
1.9
State
and
local
governments
..........................................
213.9
215.1
184.1
320.3
325.4
316.5
246.7
245.2
194.7
 
20.6
Foreign
............................................................................
344.7
263.9
287.9
272.2
256.6
277.8
287.4
277.7
277.8
0.0
Research
obligations
..........................................................
21,738.9
23,968.4
24,490.6
26,890.5
27,440.4
28,573.4
28,265.1
29,485.2
30,218.6
2.5
Performers
Federal
intramural
1
.....................................................
5,953.3
6,539.3
6,615.7
7,360.1
7,488.2
7,787.8
7,528.2
7,887.9
8,017.3
1.6
Industrial
firms
.............................................................
3,199.9
3,406.5
3,451.2
4,018.9
4,063.5
4,727.9
4,291.3
4,601.6
4,760.6
3.5
FFRDCs2
administered
by
industrial
firms
..................
542.7
624.6
592.4
795.8
737.2
818.0
696.2
722.5
751.3
4.0
Universities
and
colleges
.............................................
8,141.5
8,867.5
9,060.7
9,844.1
10,323.5
10,371.6
10,673.7
11,120.2
11,327.5
1.9
FFRDCs2
administered
by
universities
and
colleges
1,808.1
2,160.9
2,351.8
2,347.6
2,181.1
2,235.6
2,386.0
2,404.7
2,506.0
4.2
Other
nonprofit
institutions
...........................................
1,662.2
1,925.9
2,049.6
2,041.3
2,094.9
2,056.1
2,179.5
2,242.4
2,345.6
4.6
FFRDCs2
administered
by
nonprofit
institutions
.........
148.2
170.9
139.9
173.4
178.0
210.1
195.8
211.2
224.3
6.2
State
and
local
governments
.......................................
126.4
129.3
109.3
211.8
230.8
221.4
187.4
171.7
163.2
 
4.9
Foreign
.........................................................................
156.5
143.4
120.0
97.4
143.3
144.8
126.8
122.8
122.7
 
0.1
Fields
of
science
Life
sciences
................................................................
8,837.8
9,622.0
9,910.5
10,772.1
11,078.8
11,979.0
12,099.7
12,805.0
13,008.5
1.6
Psychology
...................................................................
448.6
482.4
298.1
550.7
550.2
653.6
513.0
544.4
544.9
0.1
Physical
sciences
........................................................
3,808.7
4,235.3
4,439.2
4,427.0
6,792.7
4,851.2
3,964.4
4,277.7
4,100.1
 
4.2
Environmental
sciences
...............................................
2,174.1
2,149.8
2,207.6
2,608.5
2,032.0
2,722.9
2,997.0
3,010.6
3,129.2
3.9
Mathematics
and
computer
sciences
..........................
840.7
903.7
1,150.3
1,225.4
1,242.3
1,667.9
1,554.1
1,675.6
1,959.5
16.9
Engineering
..................................................................
4,335.2
4,944.5
4,977.0
5,499.4
4,023.3
4,952.7
5,679.6
5,565.3
5,830.4
4.8
Social
sciences
............................................................
630.0
727.3
689.7
674.9
655.0
682.9
674.2
749.1
786.9
5.1
Other
sciences
.............................................................
663.7
903.4
806.3
1,132.5
1,066.1
1,063.2
783.0
857.4
859.1
0.2
Basic
research
obligations
..............................................
11,285.6
12,170.8
12,489.9
13,399.1
13,552.9
13,895.5
14,462.4
14,958.7
15,204.7
1.6
Performers
Federal
intramural
1
..................................................
2,366.0
2,446.5
2,397.0
2,605.1
2,505.0
2,712.9
2,689.2
2,756.4
2,717.6
 
1.4
Industrial
firms
..........................................................
887.5
949.9
920.3
959.2
1,109.1
1,221.2
1,131.0
1,150.7
1,090.4
 
5.2
FFRDCs2
administered
by
industrial
firms
..............
175.4
209.1
187.8
237.3
237.6
239.1
272.8
293.6
312.0
6.3
Universities
and
colleges
.........................................
5,548.2
6,064.5
6,331.8
6,798.5
7,024.2
6,951.3
7,406.1
7,673.9
7,874.9
2.6
FFRDCs2
administered
by
universities
and
colleges
......................................................................
1,227.3
1,306.2
1,394.1
1,437.8
1,336.0
1,438.3
1,522.0
1,569.7
1,648.4
5.0
Other
nonprofit
institutions
.......................................
924.1
1,015.5
1,097.2
1,164.9
1,125.7
1,134.2
1,235.2
1,303.0
1,330.8
2.1
FFRDCs2
administered
by
nonprofit
institutions
.....
59.2
80.8
65.5
71.3
73.9
75.2
76.5
83.0
103.8
25.0
State
and
local
governments
...................................
50.4
49.1
42.4
71.7
75.2
78.7
80.2
78.1
75.6
 
3.3
Foreign
.....................................................................
47.6
49.1
53.8
53.3
66.1
44.5
49.5
50.3
51.3
2.0
Fields
of
science
Life
sciences
............................................................
5,177.5
5,433.6
5,841.7
6,288.8
6,429.8
6,746.7
6,911.0
7,315.2
7,393.9
1.1
Psychology
...............................................................
215.1
225.5
122.6
246.8
247.4
279.8
281.5
298.2
302.0
1.3
Physical
sciences
.....................................................
2,661.5
2,881.5
2,951.4
2,907.1
3,649.2
2,709.3
2,901.7
3,115.0
2,962.4
 
4.9
Environmental
sciences
...........................................
1,274.8
1,263.5
1,303.6
1,533.5
997.2
1,410.7
1,531.2
1,514.8
1,507.9
 
0.5
Mathematics
and
computer
sciences
......................
406.9
426.1
481.4
511.3
503.6
626.1
622.0
733.5
760.7
3.7
Engineering
..............................................................
1,101.5
1,233.7
1,249.8
1,207.4
1,061.7
1,432.2
1,606.6
1,338.8
1,612.5
20.4
Social
sciences
........................................................
146.0
161.4
139.9
194.1
191.7
210.8
230.0
237.5
252.4
6.3
Other
sciences
.........................................................
302.3
545.6
399.4
510.1
472.4
479.9
378.3
405.7
412.9
1.8
Applied
research
obligations
...........................................
10,453.3
11,797.6
12,000.7
13,491.4
13,887.5
14,677.9
13,802.7
14,526.5
15,013.9
3.4
Performers
Federal
intramural
1
..................................................
3,587.3
4,092.8
4,218.7
4,755.0
4,983.2
5,074.9
4,839.0
5,131.4
5,299.7
3.3
Industrial
firms
..........................................................
2,312.4
2,456.6
2,530.9
3,059.7
2,954.4
3,506.7
3,160.3
3,451.0
3,670.2
6.4
FFRDCs2
administered
by
industrial
firms
..............
367.3
415.5
404.6
558.6
499.6
578.9
423.4
428.9
439.3
2.4
Universities
and
colleges
.........................................
2,593.4
2,803.0
2,728.9
3,045.5
3,299.3
3,420.3
3,267.6
3,446.4
3,452.6
0.2
FFRDCs2
administered
by
universities
and
colleges
......................................................................
580.8
854.7
957.6
909.8
845.1
797.3
864.0
835.0
857.6
2.7
Other
nonprofit
institutions
.......................................
738.1
910.4
952.5
876.4
969.2
921.9
944.3
939.4
1,014.8
8.0
FFRDCs2
administered
by
nonprofit
institutions
.....
89.0
90.1
74.5
102.2
104.0
134.9
119.4
128.2
120.6
 
6.0
State
and
local
governments
...................................
76.1
80.2
66.9
140.1
155.5
142.7
107.3
93.6
87.7
 
6.3
Foreign
.....................................................................
109.0
94.3
66.2
44.1
77.2
100.3
77.4
72.5
71.4
 
1.5
Fields
of
science
Life
sciences
............................................................
3,660.3
4,188.4
4,068.8
4,483.3
4,649.0
5,232.3
5,188.7
5,489.8
5,614.6
2.3
Psychology
...............................................................
233.5
258.9
175.6
303.9
302.9
373.9
231.5
246.2
242.9
 
1.3
Physical
sciences
.....................................................
1,147.2
1,353.9
1,467.7
1,519.8
3,143.5
2,141.9
1,062.7
1,162.7
1,137.6
 
2.2
Environmental
sciences
...........................................
899.3
886.3
904.0
1,075.0
1,034.8
1,312.3
1,465.8
1,495.8
1,621.3
8.4
Mathematics
and
computer
sciences
......................
433.9
477.6
678.9
714.1
738.7
1,041.7
932.1
942.2
1,198.8
27.2
Engineering
..............................................................
3,233.7
3,710.8
3,727.1
4,292.0
2,961.6
3,520.5
4,073.0
4,226.4
4,217.9
 
0.2
421
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
369.
 
Summary
of
federal
funds
for
research,
development,
and
R&
D
plant:
Fiscal
years
1990
to
1998
 
Continued
[
In
millions]

Item
Actual
Estimate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Percent
change,
1997
to
1998
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Social
sciences
........................................................
484.0
566.0
549.8
480.8
463.3
472.0
444.2
511.6
534.5
4.5
Other
sciences
.........................................................
361.5
357.8
406.8
622.4
593.8
583.3
404.7
451.7
446.1
 
1.2
Development
obligations
.....................................................
41,928.4
37,326.8
41,102.0
40,423.5
39,815.4
40,181.4
39,397.5
40,487.7
39,619.8
 
2.1
Performers
Federal
intramural
1
.....................................................
10,049.2
8,698.8
9,074.4
9,196.2
8,650.9
9,554.9
9,068.1
9,550.5
8,789.1
 
8.0
Industrial
firms
.............................................................
26,178.4
23,014.1
26,293.6
26,307.2
26,390.9
25,740.7
26,070.1
26,918.1
26,966.6
0.2
FFRDCs2
administered
by
industrial
firms
..................
1,694.9
1,443.7
1,417.4
655.5
556.3
385.9
440.7
388.9
439.4
13.0
Universities
and
colleges
.............................................
1,000.5
1,301.0
1,210.6
1,312.0
1,505.2
1,561.4
1,271.0
1,220.4
1,187.5
 
2.7
FFRDCs2
administered
by
universities
and
colleges
1,658.3
1,442.9
1,503.7
1,318.9
1,111.8
1,338.7
1,061.6
965.0
841.2
 
12.8
Other
nonprofit
institutions
...........................................
587.4
711.5
753.9
770.6
834.8
750.4
707.4
695.7
687.5
 
1.2
FFRDCs2
administered
by
nonprofit
institutions
.........
484.0
508.5
605.7
580.0
557.6
621.3
558.7
520.8
521.9
0.2
State
and
local
governments
.......................................
87.5
85.8
74.8
108.5
94.7
95.1
59.3
73.5
31.5
 
57.2
Foreign
.........................................................................
188.1
120.5
167.9
174.8
113.3
133.0
160.5
154.8
155.1
0.2
R
&
D
plant
obligations
..........................................................
2,283.6
3,695.4
2,984.6
3,100.7
2,171.2
2,256.9
1,746.1
2,023.3
1,754.3
 
13.3
Performers
Federal
intramural
1
.........................................................
359.9
461.1
506.2
432.0
392.6
482.6
405.1
678.4
508.5
 
25.0
Industrial
firms
.................................................................
884.0
1,889.2
1,014.4
1,048.2
746.8
696.6
465.4
464.8
372.9
 
19.8
FFRDCs2
administered
by
industrial
firms
.....................
231.0
279.6
202.2
124.4
119.4
95.1
43.9
54.9
53.5
 
2.5
Universities
and
colleges
................................................
155.8
253.3
241.5
361.4
209.0
323.8
243.1
187.1
120.3
 
35.7
FFRDCs2
administered
by
universities
and
colleges
.....
495.8
624.6
579.5
619.5
608.8
543.9
497.8
564.0
671.3
19.0
Other
nonprofit
institutions
..............................................
121.3
154.6
393.9
415.6
20.9
25.6
23.4
15.6
6.7
 
57.2
FFRDCs2
administered
by
nonprofit
institutions
............
31.4
19.7
46.3
65.5
72.9
62.6
66.1
57.9
20.6
 
64.5
State
and
local
governments
..........................................
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
Foreign
............................................................................
3.9
12.8
0.0
33.4
0.2
26.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1
Includes
costs
associated
with
the
administration
of
intramural
and
extramural
programs
by
federal
personnel
as
well
as
actual
intramural
performance.

2
Federally
funded
research
and
development
centers.
NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
National
Science
Foundation,
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
422
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
370.
 
Federal
obligations
to
colleges
and
universities
for
research
and
development,
by
field:
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
1980
to
1995
Field
of
science
or
engineering
1980
1981
1986
1988
1989
1990
1
1991
1
1992
1
1993
1
1994
1
1995
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total,
all
fields
................................
$
4,160,543
$
4,410,931
$
6,456,743
$
7,719,237
$
8,525,212
$
9,009,235
$
10,031,252
$
10,851,509
$
10,951,143
$
11,811,097
$
12,081,192
Engineering,
total
.................................
612,456
792,223
998,312
1,129,303
1,157,047
474,709
543,530
587,404
683,676
706,452
287,098
Aeronautical
.................................
28,044
31,056
42,257
47,946
66,096
45,965
44,207
48,539
50,114
82,826
63,166
Astronautical
................................
4,634
4,875
24,147
32,516
42,276
11,803
20,977
21,407
13,402
16,071
14,555
Chemical
......................................
22,210
27,667
50,379
67,647
45,829
56,845
67,968
63,900
67,234
58,293
5,610
Civil
..............................................
48,130
58,300
35,402
30,947
43,026
37,306
34,064
30,756
44,252
68,240
39,364
Electrical
......................................
86,916
115,011
212,175
251,336
240,638
53,162
60,299
68,416
69,045
74,686
8,074
Mechanical
...................................
42,593
37,954
56,416
60,551
71,137
52,652
54,674
60,748
67,471
52,118
13,206
Metallurgy
and
materials
.............
63,057
52,815
101,457
121,228
146,253
81,678
91,686
76,926
180,553
164,272
23,230
Engineering,
other
.......................
316,872
464,545
476,079
517,132
501,792
135,298
169,655
216,712
191,605
189,946
119,893
All
sciences,
total
.................................
3,548,087
3,618,708
5,458,431
6,589,934
7,368,165
8,534,526
9,487,722
10,264,175
10,267,433
11,104,608
11,793,855
Physical
sciences
............................
507,884
500,657
770,254
859,764
980,297
891,596
1,022,807
1,136,460
1,024,928
1,138,746
1,009,330
Astronomy
....................................
52,736
54,835
78,435
89,791
103,271
98,804
115,212
149,417
139,579
214,549
132,640
Chemistry
.....................................
170,048
165,189
255,593
281,573
299,417
272,929
295,576
325,224
321,105
324,213
134,622
Physics
........................................
249,661
250,342
379,289
426,005
506,983
454,690
518,840
546,081
513,084
542,800
698,846
Physical
sciences,
other
..............
35,439
30,291
56,937
62,395
70,626
65,173
93,179
115,738
51,160
57,184
43,222
Mathematical
sciences
....................
53,987
53,668
96,405
119,217
134,998
109,587
125,893
140,544
131,875
77,337
21,856
Computer
sciences
.........................
37,585
37,493
82,691
84,424
123,197
99,214
113,545
124,962
137,893
159,963
38,369
Environmental
sciences
..................
379,453
330,079
468,882
474,695
555,679
522,767
572,778
623,757
653,092
786,446
351,675
Atmospheric
sciences
..................
86,486
95,112
124,657
132,379
131,959
139,914
149,426
171,557
162,385
235,810
81,960
Geological
sciences
.....................
109,523
101,207
118,401
131,913
152,449
147,517
173,492
149,913
163,011
186,542
30,552
Oceanography
.............................
92,079
91,863
121,855
129,473
163,035
117,636
94,448
107,897
103,472
116,367
43,424
Environmental
sciences,
other
....
91,365
41,897
103,969
80,930
108,236
117,700
155,412
194,390
224,224
247,727
195,739
Life
sciences
...................................
2,137,751
2,290,587
3,463,114
4,349,268
4,730,663
4,773,434
5,319,947
5,633,514
5,572,481
6,313,516
5,915,567
Agricultural
sciences
....................
111,739
134,660
143,249
155,772
180,908
181,453
193,763
211,936
190,033
183,944
192,635
Biological
sciences
......................
1,085,602
1,192,756
1,849,516
2,345,433
2,558,987
2,578,470
2,820,183
2,950,701
2,931,726
3,191,651
2,935,783
Environmental
biology
.................
13,137
14,636
86,088
97,126
108,584
104,053
124,218
130,633
109,351
171,332
96,164
Medical
sciences
.........................
885,898
904,963
1,325,157
1,689,606
1,829,888
1,853,979
2,102,127
2,252,375
2,253,419
2,689,279
2,598,691
Life
sciences,
other
.....................
41,375
43,572
59,104
61,331
52,296
55,479
79,656
87,869
87,952
77,310
92,294
Psychological
sciences
...................
86,459
87,734
138,338
186,924
209,344
225,987
258,886
254,311
277,667
318,832
298,545
Biological
aspects
........................
28,269
26,273
39,049
53,287
66,959
71,705
80,438
75,307
8,542
3,792
1,390
Social
aspects
.............................
31,129
28,846
38,589
52,113
59,502
66,960
82,257
75,285
4,754
7,357
3,519
Psychological
sciences,
other
.....
27,061
32,615
60,700
81,524
82,883
87,322
96,191
103,719
264,371
307,683
293,636
Social
sciences
...............................
203,948
197,695
172,148
184,539
218,404
250,366
303,798
301,056
267,080
279,575
228,978
Anthropology
................................
7,757
5,543
6,455
5,972
7,054
7,061
8,768
9,015
8,474
8,115
1,297
Economics
...................................
51,414
56,704
43,764
48,039
51,806
58,441
60,142
70,582
68,102
60,478
62,295
History
..........................................
1,688
1,069
1,508
1,527
1,665
1,890
2,116
2,166
2,014
0
0
Linguistics
....................................
2,997
2,745
2,481
3,248
3,402
3,055
3,383
3,684
3,554
0
100
Political
science
...........................
5,890
5,122
5,003
5,926
6,988
7,415
8,287
8,894
7,687
6,625
2,067
Sociology
.....................................
34,903
38,136
34,580
55,204
75,404
96,240
113,829
104,430
35,666
30,602
11,066
Social
sciences,
other
.................
99,299
88,376
78,357
64,623
72,085
76,264
107,273
102,285
141,583
173,755
152,153
Other
sciences
................................
141,020
120,795
266,599
331,103
415,583
1,661,575
1,770,068
2,049,571
2,202,417
2,030,193
3,929,535
Residual
amounts
.............................
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
70
34
37
239
1
All
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
data
are
reported
as
other
sciences.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Fields
of
science
and
engineering
are
no
longer
reported
as
of
fiscal
year
1996.
SOURCE:
National
Science
Foundation,
Science
Resources
Studies
Division,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1998.)
423
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
371.
 
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture
obligations
for
child
nutrition
programs,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
years
1996
and
1997
[
In
thousands]

State
or
other
area
Total,
fiscal
year
1996
Fiscal
year
1997
Total
Special
milk
School
lunch
1
School
breakfast
State
administrative
expenses
Commodities
and
cash
in
lieu
of
commodities
2
Child
and
adult
care
Summer
food
service
Nutrition
education
and
training
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
..................................
$
8,527,590
$
8,980,908
$
18,008
$
5,032,061
$
1,212,745
$
104,079
$
743,017
$
1,608,801
$
258,456
$
3,741
Alabama
................................
162,114
173,635
42
99,921
22,334
2,018
15,525
27,937
5,791
67
Alaska
....................................
22,384
23,034
3
14,110
2,039
417
1,021
5,365
13
67
Arizona
..................................
152,469
160,756
175
88,352
22,917
1,912
11,375
32,178
3,780
67
Arkansas
................................
100,111
102,716
35
57,434
17,669
1,299
9,111
15,103
1,999
67
California
...............................
1,069,307
1,129,777
833
660,923
174,666
12,423
74,571
182,270
24,023
67
Colorado
................................
89,243
91,754
144
47,550
7,744
1,341
8,788
24,456
1,663
67
Connecticut
............................
65,571
68,093
503
38,446
8,863
876
5,658
11,433
2,248
67
Delaware
...............................
23,224
25,591
50
10,467
2,777
451
2,344
8,493
942
67
District
of
Columbia
...............
23,245
22,694
12
13,542
3,213
368
1,252
2,924
1,316
67
Florida
....................................
433,007
472,852
166
288,338
72,451
4,663
34,415
50,465
22,287
67
Georgia
..................................
289,944
320,047
41
181,186
57,595
3,108
29,095
41,479
7,477
67
Hawaii
....................................
35,625
38,368
8
23,527
5,263
507
4,259
4,419
318
67
Idaho
......................................
32,386
33,821
216
20,926
3,289
484
3,752
4,206
882
67
Illinois
.....................................
313,903
334,452
2,769
194,736
30,868
3,740
28,627
58,725
14,919
67
Indiana
...................................
126,965
134,757
347
75,590
15,865
1,629
17,444
22,242
1,574
67
Iowa
.......................................
77,341
78,346
167
43,465
7,213
1,065
9,953
15,717
698
67
Kansas
...................................
91,049
92,226
149
42,164
9,450
1,445
7,500
30,542
909
67
Kentucky
................................
143,730
145,383
109
85,250
27,425
1,639
14,246
13,546
3,101
67
Louisiana
...............................
239,544
241,719
56
132,446
40,111
2,996
17,106
42,809
6,128
67
Maine
.....................................
34,389
34,963
122
16,685
3,250
594
2,644
10,833
767
67
Maryland
................................
120,036
127,386
435
67,123
14,596
1,684
10,516
30,127
2,839
67
Massachusetts
.......................
145,662
148,911
535
73,729
17,116
1,942
13,374
38,231
3,916
67
Michigan
................................
223,117
231,960
957
123,346
27,614
2,865
22,306
51,224
3,582
67
Minnesota
..............................
153,856
157,173
1,094
62,579
11,467
2,546
15,154
61,405
2,862
67
Mississippi
.............................
152,096
158,118
9
92,222
29,613
1,850
11,303
19,622
3,432
67
Missouri
.................................
148,921
162,424
462
86,798
23,020
1,942
16,561
29,233
4,341
67
Montana
.................................
27,096
27,484
48
13,387
2,494
487
2,338
8,245
417
67
Nebraska
...............................
60,179
61,420
223
26,443
3,966
1,054
5,455
23,596
615
67
Nevada
..................................
31,112
34,911
149
20,491
5,530
421
3,321
3,344
1,587
67
New
Hampshire
.....................
19,190
19,304
234
10,624
1,976
332
2,903
2,849
319
67
New
Jersey
............................
159,973
166,617
991
101,998
14,260
1,865
15,207
25,694
6,536
67
New
Mexico
...........................
94,822
97,302
5
43,073
11,817
1,422
4,961
30,398
5,559
67
New
York
...............................
599,469
647,236
1,199
368,219
85,357
6,701
48,234
97,823
39,637
67
North
Carolina
.......................
231,740
255,432
148
140,685
41,289
2,835
23,347
43,618
3,444
67
North
Dakota
.........................
25,613
25,142
70
9,739
1,439
536
2,518
10,508
266
67
Ohio
.......................................
246,381
258,079
944
144,691
30,239
3,095
29,049
45,949
4,045
67
Oklahoma
..............................
122,854
126,341
87
67,842
19,566
1,666
9,092
26,009
2,012
67
Oregon
...................................
88,585
92,504
199
42,552
12,357
1,321
6,821
27,977
1,211
67
Pennsylvania
.........................
251,751
268,039
866
156,703
30,187
2,880
29,220
33,739
14,376
67
Rhode
Island
.........................
21,961
23,161
125
14,018
1,977
342
2,063
3,321
1,246
67
South
Carolina
.......................
148,417
156,390
29
88,422
28,249
1,665
12,346
18,334
7,279
67
South
Dakota
.........................
29,023
28,311
48
14,821
2,619
484
2,796
6,705
772
67
Tennessee
.............................
164,136
176,847
40
99,282
27,334
2,006
16,954
26,800
4,364
67
Texas
.....................................
776,792
821,197
113
484,339
137,657
8,940
64,264
106,880
18,936
67
Utah
.......................................
73,697
78,243
76
34,898
4,602
1,204
7,030
28,433
1,932
67
Vermont
.................................
15,150
15,737
98
7,143
1,706
350
1,587
4,528
258
67
Virginia
...................................
152,677
164,514
341
96,341
23,623
1,242
16,517
24,109
2,274
67
Washington
............................
140,536
146,789
285
76,972
18,353
1,933
12,270
34,132
2,778
67
West
Virginia
.........................
59,791
64,961
32
35,438
12,601
819
5,077
9,378
1,549
67
Wisconsin
..............................
115,045
113,994
1,645
65,032
7,001
1,485
11,590
25,146
2,029
67
Wyoming
................................
15,382
15,601
15
7,619
1,273
347
1,523
4,696
62
67
Administrative
costs
..............
6,396
5,643
0
0
0
0
5,643
0
0
0
Department
of
Defense
dependents
schools
...........
5,566
5,893
0
5,485
3
0
405
0
0
0
Outlying
areas
American
Samoa
...................
63
67
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67
Guam
.....................................
4,769
4,711
0
2,824
909
230
441
240
0
67
Northern
Marianas
.................
63
67
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67
Puerto
Rico
............................
165,018
158,057
0
104,721
23,977
1,688
9,351
14,952
3,301
67
Trust
Territory
of
the
Pacific
................................
57
46
0
0
0
0
45
0
0
1
Virgin
Islands
.........................
5,583
6,335
4
4,312
175
239
438
696
403
67
Undistributed
3
.......................
199,464
203,576
554
103,087
1,781
686
2,309
85,723
9,445
 
9
1
Special
Meal
Assistance
program
is
combined
with
``
School
Lunch''
program.

2
Commodities
are
based
on
preliminary
food
orders
for
fiscal
year
1997.

3
Undistributed
amount
reflects
the
difference
between
preliminary
state
earnings
reports
and
federal
obligations
as
of
September
30,
1997.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
obligations
as
reported
September
30,
1997.
Negative
amounts
occur
when
program
receipts
exceed
the
obligations.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture,
Food
and
Nutrition
Service,
Budget
Division
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
January
1998.)
424
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
372.
 
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
allocations
for
Head
Start
and
enrollment
in
Head
Start,
by
state
or
other
area:
Fiscal
years
1994
to
1997
State
or
other
area
1994
1995
1996
1997
Head
Start
allocations
(
in
thousands)
Head
Start
enrollment
1
Head
Start
allocations
(
in
thousands)
Head
Start
enrollment
2
Head
Start
allocations
(
in
thousands)
Head
Start
enrollment
3
Head
Start
allocations
(
in
thousands)
Head
Start
enrollment
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total
.............................................
$
3,215,946
740,493
$
3,402,947
750,696
$
3,438,268
752,077
$
3,876,707
793,809
Alabama
............................................
54,282
14,525
57,542
14,552
58,265
14,429
65,970
14,979
Alaska
................................................
6,295
1,209
6,534
1,209
6,748
1,299
7,581
1,212
Arizona
..............................................
44,416
9,846
47,208
10,029
47,617
9,818
53,478
10,561
Arkansas
............................................
30,719
9,065
32,681
9,244
33,153
9,193
36,396
9,637
California
...........................................
371,227
70,995
392,331
72,650
392,965
72,606
458,841
79,929
Colorado
............................................
31,787
8,118
35,757
8,576
36,364
8,647
40,902
8,952
Connecticut
........................................
26,061
5,660
27,022
5,625
27,382
5,567
32,985
6,190
Delaware
...........................................
5,815
1,455
6,027
1,574
6,239
1,455
8,314
2,077
District
of
Columbia
...........................
12,854
2,841
14,329
2,913
14,530
3,339
17,361
3,273
Florida
................................................
118,976
27,398
125,508
27,623
127,325
27,535
144,663
29,523
Georgia
..............................................
81,974
19,445
85,792
19,523
86,596
19,563
96,295
20,505
Hawaii
................................................
9,939
2,260
10,312
2,226
10,981
2,517
12,632
2,539
Idaho
..................................................
9,574
1,912
10,009
1,841
10,043
1,869
12,529
2,213
Illinois
.................................................
139,137
30,537
148,120
31,579
148,915
31,817
170,193
33,924
Indiana
...............................................
46,558
11,730
48,871
11,739
49,804
11,847
55,293
12,415
Iowa
...................................................
23,430
5,946
25,539
6,199
25,968
6,178
28,458
6,341
Kansas
...............................................
22,095
5,793
24,772
6,158
25,129
6,074
28,815
6,355
Kentucky
............................................
54,364
14,071
58,383
14,267
58,935
14,447
65,587
14,828
Louisiana
...........................................
75,876
19,344
78,691
19,344
79,596
19,344
87,261
19,998
Maine
.................................................
12,610
3,439
13,118
3,439
13,734
10,816
15,536
3,392
Maryland
............................................
38,810
8,509
42,023
8,874
42,461
8,915
47,688
9,514
Massachusetts
...................................
57,264
10,794
61,129
10,990
61,742
3,466
68,913
11,499
Michigan
............................................
126,686
30,701
132,990
30,936
135,349
31,198
150,074
32,440
Minnesota
..........................................
36,930
8,576
38,281
8,576
38,812
8,641
43,536
9,117
Mississippi
.........................................
92,012
24,110
95,493
24,150
97,001
24,081
103,523
24,693
Missouri
.............................................
55,979
14,063
58,752
14,064
59,241
14,035
66,763
14,899
Montana
.............................................
9,563
2,304
9,772
2,304
10,048
2,304
11,500
2,510
Nebraska
...........................................
14,342
3,644
15,456
3,764
15,890
3,800
19,037
4,088
Nevada
..............................................
8,017
1,793
8,315
1,793
8,213
1,823
9,942
2,019
New
Hampshire
.................................
5,699
1,156
6,379
1,232
6,558
1,235
7,430
1,267
New
Jersey
........................................
71,189
12,898
74,610
13,016
75,151
13,085
82,650
13,746
New
Mexico
.......................................
24,241
6,397
27,269
6,821
27,731
6,587
33,971
7,187
New
York
...........................................
215,678
39,062
226,840
39,491
228,243
40,365
261,541
43,716
North
Carolina
...................................
66,643
15,695
71,603
16,161
72,594
16,002
80,559
16,825
North
Dakota
.....................................
6,723
1,738
6,966
1,738
7,206
1,874
8,733
2,121
Ohio
...................................................
133,913
33,919
139,497
34,215
141,607
33,919
155,354
35,441
Oklahoma
..........................................
39,073
11,165
40,705
11,165
41,397
11,165
45,865
11,631
Oregon
...............................................
27,080
4,638
29,086
4,698
29,460
4,695
34,466
5,222
Pennsylvania
.....................................
119,354
25,672
126,251
26,149
127,086
26,198
142,973
27,515
Rhode
Island
.....................................
10,060
2,476
10,453
2,434
10,549
2,567
13,135
2,676
South
Carolina
...................................
40,772
10,142
44,021
10,415
44,540
10,164
51,714
10,822
South
Dakota
.....................................
7,985
2,025
8,258
2,025
8,480
2,258
10,139
2,374
Tennessee
.........................................
58,610
14,380
61,630
14,213
62,163
14,291
69,365
14,553
Texas
.................................................
213,394
51,521
223,309
51,925
224,923
52,107
253,186
54,624
Utah
...................................................
15,832
4,028
18,145
4,334
18,219
4,201
20,132
4,419
Vermont
.............................................
5,957
1,271
7,636
1,486
7,811
1,531
8,433
1,379
Virginia
...............................................
46,411
10,993
48,896
11,147
49,706
11,028
54,571
11,480
Washington
........................................
45,968
8,260
53,385
8,803
52,311
8,878
59,644
9,387
West
Virginia
.....................................
26,014
6,402
27,626
6,522
28,125
6,515
31,064
6,858
Wisconsin
..........................................
49,461
11,953
52,633
12,171
54,013
12,283
58,550
12,556
Wyoming
............................................
4,925
1,323
5,099
1,313
5,195
1,279
5,814
1,395
Migrant
programs
..............................
130,409
35,063
138,802
35,243
139,438
35,117
153,788
36,458
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
programs
...........................
90,793
18,738
95,130
18,821
96,836
19,071
113,920
21,019
Special
projects
.................................
76
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outlying
areas
Puerto
Rico
........................................
127,066
32,145
132,423
32,118
134,072
31,744
143,121
32,221
Pacific
Territories
...............................
9,019
5,849
9,309
5,849
9,541
5,849
9,963
5,849
Virgin
Islands
.....................................
6,009
1,501
6,228
1,430
6,267
1,446
6,560
1,446
1
The
distribution
of
enrollment
by
age
was:
6
percent
were
5
years
old
and
over;
64
percent
were
4­
year­
olds;
27
percent
were
3­
year­
olds;
and
3
percent
were
under
3
years
of
age.
Handicapped
children
accounted
for
13.0
percent
in
Head
Start
programs.
The
racial/
ethnic
composition
was:
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native,
4
percent;
Hispanic,
24
percent;
black,
36
percent;
white,
33
percent;
and
Asian,
3
percent.
2
The
distribution
of
enrollment
by
age
was:
7
percent
were
5
years
old
and
over;
61
percent
were
4­
year­
olds;
28
percent
were
3­
year­
olds;
and
4
percent
were
under
3
years
of
age.
Handicapped
children
accounted
for
13.1
percent
in
Head
Start
programs.
The
racial/
ethnic
composition
was:
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native,
4
percent;
Hispanic,
25
percent;
black,
36
percent;
white,
33
percent;
and
Asian,
3
percent.
3
The
distribution
of
enrollment
by
age
was:
6
percent
were
5
years
old
and
over;
62
percent
were
4­
year­
olds;
29
percent
were
3­
year­
olds;
and
4
percent
were
under
3
years
of
age.
Handicapped
children
accounted
for
12.8
percent
in
Head
Start
programs.
The
racial/
ethnic
composition
was:
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native,
3.5
percent;
Hispanic
25.2
percent;
black,
36
percent;
white,
32.3
percent;
and
Asian,
3
percent.

4
The
distribution
of
enrollment
by
age
was:
6
percent
were
5
years
old
and
over;
60
percent
were
4­
year­
olds;
30
percent
were
3­
year­
olds;
and
4
percent
were
under
3
years
of
age.
Handicapped
children
accounted
for
13
percent
in
Head
Start
programs.
The
racial/
ethnic
composition
was:
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native,
4
percent;
Hispanic,
26
percent;
black,
36
percent;
white,
31
percent;
and
Asian,
3
percent.
 
Not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
Office
of
Human
Development
Services.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1998.)
425
FEDERAL
PROGRAMS
Table
373.
 
Public
school
students
receiving
federally
funded
free
or
reduced
price
lunches,
by
selected
school
characteristics:
School
year
1993
 
94
School
characteristics
Percent
of
students
participating
in
program
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
1
1
2
3
4
5
Total
..................................................................................................................................................
33.2
(
0.5)
38.8
(
0.7)
22.0
(
0.4)
39.1
(
1.7)

Community
type
Central
city
..........................................................................................................................................
44.9
(
1.0)
52.1
(
1.3)
28.9
(
0.9)
52.2
(
3.0)
Urban
fringe/
large
town
.......................................................................................................................
23.5
(
0.9)
28.3
(
1.4)
14.6
(
0.6)
23.9
(
3.8)
Rural/
small
town
..................................................................................................................................
32.2
(
0.6)
36.3
(
0.8)
23.0
(
0.4)
39.9
(
1.9)

School
size
(
students)
Less
than
150
......................................................................................................................................
38.6
(
1.3)
38.4
(
1.9)
35.8
(
1.5)
50.2
(
2.4)
150
 
299
...............................................................................................................................................
38.1
(
0.9)
39.5
(
1.2)
28.4
(
1.1)
51.8
(
4.9)
300
 
499
...............................................................................................................................................
37.0
(
0.9)
38.8
(
1.0)
26.2
(
1.1)
37.3
(
2.6)
500
 
749
...............................................................................................................................................
33.5
(
0.9)
36.0
(
1.0)
22.3
(
0.7)
34.7
(
2.2)
750
or
more
.........................................................................................................................................
29.7
(
0.9)
42.5
(
1.8)
20.6
(
0.5)
34.3
(
3.2)

Minority
students
Less
than
5%
......................................................................................................................................
22.0
(
0.5)
24.4
(
0.7)
17.0
(
0.6)
28.6
(
1.6)
5
to
19%
..............................................................................................................................................
18.9
(
0.5)
22.2
(
0.8)
11.7
(
0.4)
30.6
(
2.3)
20
to
49%
............................................................................................................................................
32.0
(
0.7)
38.1
(
1.0)
20.1
(
0.4)
38.6
(
5.0)
50%
or
more
........................................................................................................................................
57.3
(
1.1)
65.5
(
1.2)
38.9
(
1.0)
60.6
(
3.2)

1
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
ending
with
grade
9
or
above.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)

Table
374.
 
Public
and
private
school
students
receiving
federally
funded
Chapter
1
1
services,
by
selected
school
characteristics:
School
year
1993
 
94
School
characteristics
Percent
of
students
participating
in
program
All
schools
Public
Private
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
2
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
..........................
13.1
(
0.4)
14.3
(
0.4)
18.5
(
0.6)
6.1
(
0.3)
13.6
(
0.7)
3.3
(
0.2)
4.6
(
0.3)
1.9
(
0.4)
1.4
(
0.2)

Community
type
Central
city
...................
17.0
(
0.7)
19.4
(
0.8)
24.2
(
1.2)
9.2
(
1.0)
14.4
(
2.3)
4.4
(
0.4)
6.7
(
0.6)
2.5
(
0.7)
0.8
(
0.2)
Urban
fringe/
large
town
9.1
(
0.7)
10.1
(
0.8)
13.0
(
1.2)
4.6
(
0.6)
8.3
(
1.3)
2.0
(
0.2)
2.4
(
0.3)
0.9
(
0.3)
1.9
(
0.6)
Rural/
small
town
..........
13.2
(
0.5)
13.7
(
0.5)
18.2
(
0.7)
5.2
(
0.2)
14.9
(
1.0)
3.0
(
0.5)
4.0
(
0.6)
2.3
(
0.6)
1.8
(
0.7)

School
size
(
students)
Less
than
150
..............
9.8
(
0.6)
16.7
(
0.9)
20.0
(
1.3)
11.1
(
0.9)
15.6
(
1.4)
3.8
(
0.5)
3.3
(
0.5)
8.1
(
3.0)
3.8
(
0.9)
150
 
299
.......................
13.1
(
0.6)
16.7
(
0.8)
19.2
(
1.0)
7.6
(
0.8)
11.6
(
1.7)
5.1
(
0.4)
6.2
(
0.5)
4.1
(
1.9)
1.4
(
0.5)
300
 
499
.......................
14.7
(
0.6)
16.3
(
0.6)
18.0
(
0.7)
7.0
(
0.9)
13.1
(
1.0)
2.6
(
0.4)
3.7
(
0.7)
0.9
(
0.2)
0.8
(
0.2)
500
 
749
.......................
14.7
(
0.6)
15.5
(
0.7)
17.6
(
0.9)
6.0
(
0.7)
18.3
(
2.4)
2.0
(
0.6)
3.8
(
1.3)
1.1
(
0.3)
0.3
(
0.2)
750
or
more
.................
11.3
(
0.7)
11.7
(
0.7)
20.1
(
1.7)
5.8
(
0.4)
11.4
(
1.0)
1.3
(
0.3)
4.5
(
1.6)
0.8
(
0.2)
0.4
(
0.2)

Minority
students
Less
than
5%
...............
7.8
(
0.2)
8.8
(
0.2)
11.6
(
0.3)
3.7
(
0.3)
9.7
(
0.6)
1.7
(
0.1)
2.4
(
0.2)
0.6
(
0.2)
0.8
(
0.3)
5
to
19%
.......................
6.0
(
0.2)
6.6
(
0.3)
8.6
(
0.4)
2.3
(
0.2)
14.2
(
1.7)
2.1
(
0.2)
3.0
(
0.3)
1.6
(
0.5)
0.9
(
0.4)
20
to
49%
.....................
10.2
(
0.7)
10.8
(
0.7)
14.6
(
1.1)
3.3
(
0.2)
13.7
(
1.5)
2.7
(
0.4)
2.7
(
0.6)
3.7
(
1.2)
1.7
(
0.5)
50%
or
more
................
27.8
(
1.0)
29.0
(
1.1)
35.8
(
1.6)
14.9
(
1.2)
18.2
(
2.1)
10.0
(
1.1)
12.4
(
1.3)
2.5
(
0.7)
5.2
(
1.6)

1
Chapter
1
was
reauthorized
under
the
Improving
America's
Schools
Act
(
IASA)
of
1994
and
is
now
called
Title
I.
2
Includes
schools
beginning
with
grade
6
or
below
and
ending
with
grade
9
or
above.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
427
CHAPTER
5
Outcomes
of
Education
This
chapter
contains
tables
comparing
educational
attainment
and
work
force
characteristics.
The
data
show
labor
force
participation
and
income
levels
of
high
school
dropouts
and
high
school
and
college
graduates.
Population
characteristics
are
provided
for
many
of
the
measures
to
help
evaluate
disparities
among
various
demographic
groups.
Tables
377
to
383
contain
data
from
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
on
educational
attainment
and
income
of
the
labor
force,
and
data
from
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics
on
employment
and
unemployment.
These
tables
provide
information
on
the
educational
attainment
of
the
labor
force,
by
occupation,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity;
income,
by
level
of
education
attained;
and
unemployment
rates,
by
levels
of
education
attained
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity.
The
second
group
of
tables
was
compiled
from
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics
data
on
high
school
dropouts
and
graduates.
These
data
show
the
labor
force
participation
and
college
enrollment
of
high
school
students
within
the
year
after
they
leave
school.
The
tabulations
also
provide
comparative
labor
force
participation
and
unemployment
rates
for
graduates
and
dropouts.
Additional
information
on
college
enrollment
rates
by
race/
ethnicity
and
sex
have
been
included
to
help
form
a
more
complete
picture
of
high
school
outcomes.
The
third
set
of
tables
has
been
prepared
from
the
Recent
College
Graduates
and
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
surveys
from
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
and
from
a
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
survey
on
earnings
and
education
These
tables
provide
data
on
employment
outcomes
for
college
graduates.
A
table
provides
a
salary
comparison
by
field
of
college
degree
for
the
entire
population.
Trends
in
salaries
received
by
college
graduates
also
are
featured
in
this
section.
Statistics
on
educational
attainment
of
the
entire
population
are
in
chapter
1.
More
detailed
data
on
the
numbers
of
high
school
and
college
graduates
are
contained
in
chapters
2
and
3.
Chapter
3
contains
trend
data
on
the
proportion
of
high
school
graduates
going
to
college.
Additional
data
on
the
income
of
persons
by
educational
attainment
may
be
obtained
from
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
in
the
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P
 
60.
The
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics
has
a
series
of
publications
dealing
with
the
educational
characteristics
of
the
labor
force.
The
last
tables
in
the
chapter
deal
with
community
service
and
literacy
skills.
Further
information
on
survey
methodologies
is
in
the
``
Guide
to
Sources''
in
the
appendix
and
in
the
publications
cited
in
the
source
notes.

Opinions
One
life
goal
consistently
rated
``
very
important''
by
young
men
and
women
was
``
being
successful
in
work.''
A
survey
of
1992
high
school
seniors
found
that
89
percent
of
the
men
and
90
percent
of
the
women
rated
``
being
successful
in
work''
as
a
``
very
important
goal.''
Two
of
the
other
most
highly
rated
goals
in
the
1992
survey
were
``
finding
steady
work''
(``
very
important''
for
87
percent
of
men
and
89
percent
of
women)
and
``
having
strong
friendships''
(``
very
important''
for
80
percent
of
both
men
and
women).
Two
years
later
in
1994,
these
values
continued
to
be
highly
rated
by
the
former
high
school
seniors.
Another
value
that
was
highly
rated
2
years
after
high
school
was
``
Providing
better
opportunities
for
my
children''
which
was
cited
by
91
percent
of
the
young
adults
as
``
very
important''
(
table
376).

Labor
Force
Adults
with
higher
levels
of
education
were
more
likely
to
participate
in
the
labor
force
than
those
with
less
education.
About
79
percent
of
adults,
25
years
old
and
over
with
a
bachelor's
degree,
participated
in
the
labor
force
in
1997
compared
with
66
percent
of
persons
who
were
high
school
graduates.
In
contrast
39
percent
of
those
25
and
older,
who
were
not
high
school
graduates,
were
in
the
labor
force.
The
labor
force
participation
rates
for
blacks
age
25
and
older
with
bachelor's
degrees
and
high
school
diplomas
were
higher
than
the
average
for
all
people
with
similar
levels
of
education
(
table
377).
Persons
with
lower
levels
of
educational
attainment
were
more
likely
to
be
unemployed
than
those
who
had
higher
levels
of
educational
attainment.
The
1997
unemployment
rate
for
adults
(
25
years
old
and
over)
who
had
not
completed
high
school
was
8.1
percent
compared
with
4.3
percent
for
those
with
4
years
of
high
school
and
2.0
percent
for
those
with
a
bachelor's
degree
or
higher.
Younger
people
with
high
school
diplomas
tended
to
have
higher
unem­
428
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
ployment
rates
than
persons
25
and
over,
even
after
allowing
for
level
of
educational
attainment
(
table
379).
One
year
after
graduating
from
college
in
1992
 
93,
87
percent
of
those
receiving
bachelor's
degrees
were
employed
(
73
percent
full
time
and
14
percent
part
time),
4.5
percent
were
unemployed,
and
8.5
percent
were
not
in
the
labor
force
(
table
386).

Income
Between
1995
and
1997,
median
annual
income
of
male
full­
time
year­
round
workers,
when
adjusted
for
inflation,
remained
stable
while
the
income
for
females
rose
by
3
percent.
Women's
incomes
remain
much
lower
than
men's
incomes,
even
after
adjusting
for
level
of
education.
The
average
1997
incomes
for
full­
time
year­
round
workers
with
a
bachelor's
degree
were
$
48,616
for
men
and
$
35,379
for
women
(
table
380).
Dropouts
and
Graduates
The
difficulties
in
entering
the
job
market
for
dropouts
and
youth
in
general,
are
highlighted
by
examining
their
labor
force
and
unemployment
status.
About
60
percent
of
1996
 
97
dropouts
were
in
the
labor
force
(
employed
or
looking
for
work),
and
25
percent
of
those
were
unemployed.
Of
the
1997
high
school
graduates
who
were
not
in
college,
81
percent
were
in
the
labor
force,
and
17
percent
of
those
in
the
labor
force
were
unemployed
(
tables
382
and
383).
About
two­
thirds
of
the
employed
college
graduates
of
the
class
of
1992
 
93
had
jobs
in
professional
managerial,
and
technical
areas
in
1994.
The
remainder
were
employed
in
nonprofessional,
nonmanagerial
and
nontechnical
areas.
Overall,
about
56
percent
of
the
employees
reported
that
their
bachelor's
degree
was
necessary
to
obtain
their
current
job
(
table
386).

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
Office
of
Employment
and
Unemployment
Statistics,
Current
Population
Survey,
1997.
16
to
19
20
to
24
25
and
over
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Age
Percent
Less
than
high
school
High
school
graduate
Some
college
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
Figure
23.­
Labor
force
participation
of
persons
16
years
old
and
over,
by
age
and
highest
level
of
education:
1997
NOTE.­
Data
for
16­
to
19­
year
olds
who
have
associate
or
bachelor's
degrees
are
not
available.
429
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Less
than
high
school
graduate
High
school
graduate,
no
college
Some
college,
no
degree
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
or
higher
degree
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
Office
of
Employment
and
Unemployment
Statistics,
Current
Population
Survey,
1997.
All
levels
3.8
8.1
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
"
Employment
Status
of
School
Age
Youth,
High
School
Graduates
and
Dropouts,
1997."
Figure
24.­
Unemployment
rates
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
highest
degree
attained:
1997
0
5
10
15
20
Percent
unemployed
4.3
3.5
2.7
2.0
Figure
25.­
Labor
force
status
of
1996
 
97
high
school
dropouts
and
graduates
not
enrolled
in
college:
October
1997
Dropouts
0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent
Employed
Unemployed
Not
in
labor
force
High
school
graduates
430
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
60,
"
Money
Income
in
the
United
States:
1996."

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
"
Recent
College
Graduates"
surveys,
1987
and
1991,
and
"
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study,
First
Follow­
up"
survey.
Some
high
school,
no
degree
High
school
graduate
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Master's
degree
$

$
Figure
26.­
Median
annual
income
of
persons
with
income
25
years
old
and
over,
by
highest
degree
attained
and
sex:
1996
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Income
Men
Women
Figure
27.­
Salaries
of
recent
bachelor's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field:
1987,
1991,
and
1994
[
In
constant
1994
dollars]

All
fields
Biological
Business
Education
Engineering
Health
Mathematics
Social
sciences
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Salary
1985­
86
graduates
1989­
90
graduates
1992­
93
graduates
431
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
375.
 
Percent
of
18­
to
25­
year­
olds
reporting
drug
use
during
the
past
30
days
and
the
past
year:
1982
to
1996
Drug
1982
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Percent
reporting
drug
use
during
past
30
days
Any
illicit
use
.....................................
 
25.3
17.9
15.0
15.4
13.1
13.6
13.3
14.2
15.6
Marijuana
.....................................
27.2
21.7
15.3
12.7
12.9
10.9
11.1
12.1
12.0
13.2
Cocaine
........................................
7.0
8.1
4.8
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.2
1.3
2.0
Alcohol
..............................................
66.6
70.1
64.7
62.8
63.1
58.6
58.7
63.1
61.3
60.0
Cigarettes
..........................................
 
47.4
45.6
40.9
41.7
41.5
37.9
34.6
35.3
38.3
Percent
reporting
drug
use
during
past
year
Any
illicit
use
.....................................
 
37.4
29.1
26.1
26.6
24.1
24.2
24.6
25.5
26.8
Marijuana
.....................................
37.4
34.0
26.1
23.0
22.9
21.2
21.4
21.8
21.8
23.8
Cocaine
........................................
15.9
13.6
10.5
6.5
6.7
5.5
4.4
3.6
4.3
4.7
Alcohol
..............................................
80.6
84.2
79.6
78.1
80.7
75.6
76.9
78.5
76.5
75.3
Cigarettes
..........................................
 
49.9
50.9
45.1
46.9
46.8
43.7
41.1
42.5
44.7
 
Data
not
available
or
low
precision;
no
estimate
reported.

NOTE.
 
Some
1982
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
Substance
Abuse
and
Mental
Health
Services
Administration,
Preliminary
Estimates
from
the
1996
National
Household
Survey
on
Drug
Abuse.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
376.
 
Percent
of
1972,
1982,
and
1992
high
school
seniors
who
felt
that
certain
life
values
were
``
very
important,''
by
sex:
1972
to
1994
Value
Percent
of
1972
seniors
Percent
of
1982
seniors
Percent
of
1992
seniors
1972
1974
(
2
years
after
high
school)
1976
(
4
years
after
high
school)
1982
1984
(
2
years
after
high
school)
1986
(
4
years
after
high
school)
1992
1994
(
2
years
after
high
school)

Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Being
successful
in
work
...........................................
86.5
83.0
81.2
74.9
80.3
69.7
88.2
85.5
88.7
84.2
84.0
77.2
89.0
89.6
90.1
89.9
90.3
Finding
steady
work
..................................................
82.3
73.7
74.7
59.9
79.3
62.1
88.0
84.4
87.4
83.3
84.2
76.3
87.1
88.6
89.7
88.7
90.7
Having
lots
of
money
.................................................
26.0
9.8
17.8
9.1
17.7
9.4
41.3
24.1
35.8
20.9
27.8
16.9
45.3
29.4
35.2
39.5
30.9
Being
a
leader
in
the
community
..............................
14.9
8.0
8.5
4.4
9.2
4.2
11.3
5.9
13.7
6.4
9.5
4.5
 
 
 
 
 
Correcting
inequalities
...............................................
22.5
31.1
16.6
18.2
16.2
17.1
11.8
11.7
13.3
13.9
10.7
10.9
17.0
23.6
 
 
 
Having
children
..........................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
37.0
47.0
42.7
56.3
41.4
56.2
39.0
49.2
 
 
 
Having
a
happy
family
life
.........................................
78.6
85.7
83.1
86.7
84.2
86.4
81.6
86.3
86.1
90.2
86.8
87.8
 
 
 
 
 
Providing
better
opportunities
for
my
children
..........
66.6
66.2
59.5
61.6
59.8
58.8
71.0
68.7
72.1
69.9
68.4
67.4
74.5
76.5
90.5
90.3
90.8
Living
closer
to
parents
or
relatives
..........................
6.8
8.2
8.3
12.4
7.7
11.9
15.0
15.7
15.6
20.1
12.9
19.8
15.2
18.7
 
 
 
Moving
from
area
......................................................
14.3
14.6
8.3
7.4
6.7
6.4
14.4
12.8
10.5
9.1
9.0
7.4
20.7
20.1
 
 
 
Having
strong
friendships
..........................................
81.2
78.7
76.5
74.7
76.1
72.1
80.4
79.1
80.1
79.7
76.5
75.0
79.8
80.0
87.6
88.1
87.0
Having
leisure
time
....................................................
 
 
60.9
55.1
65.4
60.1
70.2
68.8
74.5
72.0
70.1
68.9
65.3
62.0
 
 
 
 
Question
not
asked.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Longitudinal
Study,''
``
High
School
and
Beyond''
surveys,
and
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study,''
second
and
third
followup
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1995.)
432
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
377.
 
Labor
force
participation
of
persons
16
years
old
and
over,
by
age,
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
highest
level
of
education:
1997
Age,
sex,
and
race/
ethnicity
Labor
force
participation
rate
1
Employment/
population
ratio
2
Total
Less
than
high
school
graduate
3
High
school
graduate
College
Total
Less
than
high
school
graduate
3
High
school
graduate
College
Some
college
no
degree
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
Some
college
no
degree
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
to
19
years
old
4
..............
51.6
44.7
69.4
61.5
(
5)
(
5)
43.4
36.2
59.6
56.2
(
5)
(
5)
Men
...........................................
52.3
46.1
72.1
58.3
(
5)
(
5)
43.4
37.0
62.1
52.9
(
5)
(
5)
Women
......................................
51.0
43.1
66.7
63.8
(
5)
(
5)
43.3
35.3
57.3
58.7
(
5)
(
5)
White
6
.......................................
55.2
48.2
72.5
64.6
(
5)
(
5)
47.7
40.4
64.0
60.0
(
5)
(
5)
Black
6
........................................
38.7
32.5
58.2
47.9
(
5)
(
5)
26.1
20.6
41.9
37.8
(
5)
(
5)
Hispanic
7
...................................
43.0
37.0
62.8
57.1
(
5)
(
5)
33.7
27.5
53.0
50.7
(
5)
(
5)

20
to
24
years
old
4
..............
77.6
68.1
82.6
73.8
84.5
85.3
71.0
56.5
74.6
68.8
80.9
82.2
Men
...........................................
82.5
83.0
89.5
74.6
87.2
85.9
75.2
70.5
80.9
69.3
83.6
82.3
Women
......................................
72.7
50.1
75.1
73.0
82.2
84.9
66.8
39.5
67.8
68.4
78.6
82.1
White
6
.......................................
79.6
71.3
84.3
75.8
85.4
86.7
74.1
61.7
77.6
71.5
82.5
84.0
Black
6
........................................
70.9
56.6
76.4
68.3
82.2
88.0
57.9
36.3
62.3
58.7
73.6
82.3
Hispanic
7
...................................
76.4
71.0
80.7
78.7
79.6
79.7
68.6
61.7
72.7
72.1
74.5
76.7
25
and
older
.........................
67.4
42.2
65.8
72.8
79.3
80.5
64.9
38.8
63.0
70.2
77.2
78.9
Men
...........................................
76.4
55.0
76.6
80.3
86.3
85.0
73.6
51.1
73.3
77.6
84.0
83.4
Women
......................................
59.3
30.7
56.8
65.9
74.1
75.5
57.0
27.7
54.4
63.5
72.0
73.8
White
6
.......................................
67.3
42.6
65.1
71.9
79.0
80.2
65.1
39.6
62.7
69.7
77.1
78.7
Black
6
........................................
67.2
39.4
70.2
78.4
82.3
84.5
62.3
34.2
64.5
73.6
78.7
81.4
Hispanic
7
...................................
69.8
58.6
75.2
81.3
82.3
83.9
65.6
53.7
70.9
77.9
79.0
81.0
1
Percent
of
the
civilian
population
who
are
employed
or
seeking
employment.

2
Number
of
persons
employed
as
a
percent
of
civilian
population.

3
Includes
persons
reporting
no
school
years
completed.
4
Excludes
persons
enrolled
in
school.
5
Sample
size
too
small
for
stable
estimates.
6
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
7
Hispanics
may
be
of
any
race.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
Office
of
Employment
and
Unemployment
Statistics,
unpublished
tabulations
of
annual
averages
from
the
Current
Population
Survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)

Table
378.
 
Occupation
of
employed
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
educational
attainment
and
sex:
1997
Sex
and
occupation
Total
employed,
in
thousands
Percentage
distribution,
by
years
of
school
completed
Total
Less
than
one
year
of
high
school
High
school
College
1
 
4
years
of
high
school,
no
diploma
High
school
graduate
Some
college
no
degree
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
More
than
a
bachelor's
degree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
All
persons
All
occupational
groups
.........................................................
106,757
100.0
3.5
6.6
32.7
18.8
8.9
19.7
9.8
Managerial
and
professional
specialty
.............................
34,446
100.0
0.3
1.4
13.1
13.8
8.7
36.3
26.3
Executive,
administrative,
and
managerial
...................
16,965
100.0
0.5
2.2
20.8
19.6
8.4
33.9
14.6
Professional
specialty
occupations
...............................
17,481
100.0
0.2
0.5
5.7
8.2
9.1
38.6
37.6
Teachers,
except
college
and
university
...................
4,342
100.0
0.1
0.5
5.3
6.0
3.2
48.5
36.3
Teachers,
college
and
university
...............................
751
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.3
1.7
15.8
79.5
Technical,
sales,
and
administrative
support
...................
30,459
100.0
0.8
3.5
35.6
25.6
11.3
19.8
3.4
Technicians
and
related
support
...................................
3,688
100.0
0.2
1.4
19.8
24.2
23.9
24.8
5.7
Sales
occupations
.........................................................
11,722
100.0
1.3
4.7
33.0
23.0
7.8
25.8
4.5
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
......................
15,049
100.0
0.6
3.0
41.6
27.9
11.0
13.9
2.0
Service
occupations
..........................................................
12,354
100.0
7.6
12.6
43.6
19.7
7.8
7.6
1.2
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
.............................
12,380
100.0
5.5
11.0
47.5
20.2
9.0
5.8
1.0
Operators,
fabricators,
and
laborers
.................................
14,594
100.0
8.6
15.7
50.4
15.3
5.2
4.2
0.6
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
...........................................
2,524
100.0
18.5
12.2
37.3
14.3
6.2
9.5
1.9
Men
All
occupational
groups
.........................................................
57,507
100.0
4.3
7.4
32.2
18.3
7.7
19.6
10.5
Managerial
and
professional
specialty
.............................
17,574
100.0
0.5
1.6
12.1
13.6
6.6
36.2
29.4
Executive,
administrative,
and
managerial
...................
9,436
100.0
0.7
2.5
18.1
18.1
7.1
36.5
17.0
Professional
specialty
occupations
...............................
8,139
100.0
0.2
0.5
5.2
8.4
5.9
35.9
43.8
Teachers,
except
college
and
university
...................
1,045
100.0
0.1
0.4
4.3
6.7
3.3
44.3
41.1
Teachers,
college
and
university
...............................
430
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
2.1
1.6
15.1
80.5
Technical,
sales,
and
administrative
support
...................
11,029
100.0
1.1
3.1
27.5
24.8
10.1
28.0
5.3
Technicians
and
related
support
...................................
1,754
100.0
0.3
1.3
17.7
25.0
20.0
28.6
7.0
Sales
occupations
.........................................................
6,226
100.0
1.3
3.2
26.6
23.9
7.7
31.5
5.8
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
......................
3,048
100.0
1.3
3.7
34.9
26.7
9.6
20.5
3.2
Service
occupations
..........................................................
4,816
100.0
8.4
10.3
38.0
22.2
8.9
10.2
1.8
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
.............................
11,273
100.0
5.5
10.8
47.3
20.5
9.2
5.6
1.0
Operators,
fabricators,
and
laborers
.................................
10,816
100.0
7.7
15.3
50.1
16.3
5.4
4.5
0.6
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
...........................................
2,000
100.0
20.2
13.0
37.0
13.4
5.6
9.1
2.0
Women
All
occupational
groups
.........................................................
49,250
100.0
2.5
5.7
33.4
19.3
10.2
19.9
9.0
Managerial
and
professional
specialty
.............................
16,872
100.0
0.2
1.2
14.2
14.0
11.0
36.3
23.1
Executive,
administrative,
and
managerial
...................
7,530
100.0
0.3
1.9
24.1
21.5
10.0
30.6
11.6
Professional
specialty
occupations
...............................
9,342
100.0
0.2
0.5
6.2
8.0
11.9
41.0
32.2
Teachers,
except
college
and
university
...................
3,297
100.0
0.1
0.5
5.6
5.8
3.3
49.9
34.7
Teachers,
college
and
university
...............................
321
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.5
1.6
16.8
78.5
Technical,
sales,
and
administrative
support
...................
19,431
100.0
0.6
3.7
40.2
26.0
12.0
15.1
2.4
Technicians
and
related
support
...................................
1,933
100.0
0.1
1.4
21.7
23.4
27.6
21.3
4.6
Sales
occupations
.........................................................
5,496
100.0
1.3
6.5
40.1
22.0
8.0
19.2
3.0
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
......................
12,001
100.0
0.4
2.8
43.3
28.2
11.4
12.2
1.7
Service
occupations
..........................................................
7,538
100.0
7.0
14.0
47.2
18.1
7.0
5.9
0.8
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
.............................
1,107
100.0
6.1
12.2
48.8
17.0
7.1
7.8
1.1
Operators,
fabricators,
and
laborers
.................................
3,778
100.0
11.0
16.7
51.1
12.5
4.7
3.4
0.5
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
...........................................
524
100.0
12.2
9.7
38.5
17.7
8.8
11.3
1.9
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
Office
of
Employment
and
Unemployment
Statistics,
unpublished
tabulations
from
the
Current
Population
Survey
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
433
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
379.
 
Unemployment
rate
of
persons
16
years
old
and
over,
by
age,
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
highest
degree
attained:
1995,
1996,
and
1997
Sex,
race/
ethnicity,
and
highest
degree
attained
Percent
unemployed,
1995
1
Percent
unemployed,
1996
1
Percent
unemployed,
1997
1
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
2
25
years
old
and
over
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
2
25
years
old
and
over
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
2
25
years
old
and
over
Total
16
to
19
years
20
to
24
years
Total
16
to
19
years
20
to
24
years
Total
16
to
19
years
20
to
24
years
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
All
persons
All
education
levels
..............................
12.1
17.3
9.1
4.3
12.0
16.7
9.3
4.2
11.3
16.0
8.5
3.8
Less
than
a
high
school
graduate
..
20.2
20.8
18.6
9.0
19.7
19.7
19.4
8.7
18.4
18.9
17.1
8.1
High
school
graduate,
no
college
...
12.0
14.7
10.8
4.8
12.0
14.9
10.8
4.7
11.0
14.0
9.6
4.3
Some
college,
no
degree
...............
6.7
8.4
6.3
4.3
7.0
8.1
6.7
4.0
7.1
8.5
6.7
3.5
Associate
degree
............................
5.3
 
5.1
3.3
4.8
 
4.5
3.3
4.5
 
4.3
2.7
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
...........
5.5
 
5.5
2.4
5.3
 
5.3
2.2
3.7
 
3.7
2.0
Men
All
education
levels
..............................
12.5
18.4
9.2
4.3
12.6
18.1
9.5
4.1
11.8
16.9
8.9
3.6
Less
than
a
high
school
graduate
..
19.9
21.6
15.9
8.8
19.8
21.2
16.4
7.8
18.3
19.7
15.1
7.2
High
school
graduate,
no
college
...
11.7
15.3
10.4
4.8
11.9
15.1
10.6
4.7
10.8
13.9
9.6
4.2
Some
college,
no
degree
...............
6.8
9.3
6.3
4.0
7.5
9.4
7.1
3.9
7.5
9.2
7.1
3.3
Associate
degree
............................
4.9
 
4.8
3.3
4.1
 
4.2
3.2
 
 
 
2.6
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
...........
6.3
 
6.3
2.3
6.1
 
6.1
2.1
4.2
 
4.3
1.9
Women
All
education
levels
..............................
11.7
16.1
9.0
4.4
11.3
15.2
9.0
4.3
10.7
15.0
8.1
3.9
Less
than
a
high
school
graduate
..
20.8
19.9
24.4
9.2
19.5
18.1
25.3
10.1
18.6
17.9
21.2
9.6
High
school
graduate,
no
college
...
12.3
14.2
11.4
4.7
12.2
14.7
10.9
4.6
11.2
14.2
9.7
4.3
Some
college,
no
degree
...............
6.6
7.7
6.3
4.6
6.6
7.2
6.4
4.1
6.7
8.0
6.3
3.7
Associate
degree
............................
5.5
 
5.5
3.3
5.2
 
4.8
3.3
4.8
 
4.5
2.8
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
...........
5.0
 
4.9
2.7
4.8
 
4.8
2.4
3.2
 
3.3
2.2
White
3
All
education
levels
..............................
10.2
14.5
7.7
3.9
10.2
14.2
7.8
3.7
9.4
13.6
6.9
3.3
Less
than
a
high
school
graduate
..
17.2
17.7
15.9
8.3
16.7
17.0
16.0
8.0
15.5
16.2
13.5
7.2
High
school
graduate,
no
college
...
10.0
11.9
9.2
4.2
9.9
12.2
8.9
4.0
9.1
11.6
7.9
3.6
Some
college,
no
degree
...............
5.8
7.3
5.3
3.7
6.0
7.0
5.8
3.5
5.9
7.1
5.6
3.0
Associate
degree
............................
4.8
 
4.7
3.1
4.2
 
3.9
3.0
3.6
 
3.4
2.5
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
...........
5.1
 
5.1
2.3
5.1
 
5.1
2.1
3.1
 
3.2
1.8
Black
3
All
education
levels
..............................
23.9
35.7
17.7
7.4
23.9
33.6
18.8
7.7
23.2
32.4
18.3
7.3
Less
than
a
high
school
graduate
..
39.1
40.4
35.8
12.4
37.8
37.6
38.2
12.6
36.3
36.4
35.8
13.1
High
school
graduate,
no
college
...
22.5
31.8
19.3
8.2
23.0
31.5
20.0
9.1
20.9
28.1
18.4
8.1
Some
college,
no
degree
...............
13.0
18.7
12.2
7.5
13.7
17.1
13.1
6.7
15.1
21.0
14.0
6.1
Associate
degree
............................
10.7
 
8.5
4.6
9.7
 
10.0
5.5
 
 
 
 
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
...........
8.7
 
8.6
3.2
6.1
 
6.0
3.1
6.5
 
6.4
3.6
Hispanic
origin
4
All
education
levels
..............................
15.5
24.1
11.5
7.6
15.5
23.6
11.8
7.1
13.8
21.6
10.3
6.1
Less
than
a
high
school
graduate
..
20.2
28.2
13.7
10.4
20.1
26.1
14.6
9.7
18.8
25.7
13.0
8.5
High
school
graduate,
no
college
...
14.1
18.7
12.3
6.8
13.6
20.7
11.5
6.6
11.4
15.7
9.9
5.7
Some
college,
no
degree
...............
10.4
14.1
9.4
6.1
10.5
13.2
9.8
4.9
8.9
11.3
8.4
4.1
Associate
degree
............................
 
 
 
5.5
 
 
 
4.9
 
 
 
 
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
...........
 
 
 
3.5
 
 
 
3.8
 
 
 
3.5
1
The
unemployment
rate
is
the
percent
of
individuals
in
the
labor
force
who
are
not
working
and
who
made
specific
efforts
to
find
employment
sometime
during
the
prior
4
weeks.
The
labor
force
includes
both
employed
and
unemployed
persons.
2
Excludes
persons
enrolled
in
school.
3
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
4
Persons
of
Hispanic
origin
may
be
of
any
race.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
Office
of
Employment
and
Unemployment
Statistics,
unpublished
tabulations
of
annual
everages
from
the
Current
Population
Survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
434
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
380.
 
Median
annual
income
of
year­
round
full­
time
workers
25
years
old
and
over,
by
level
of
education
completed
and
sex:
1989
to
1997
Sex
and
year
Total
Elementary/
secondary
College
Less
than
9th
grade
9th
to
12th
grade,
no
diploma
1
High
school
graduate
2
Some
college,
no
degree
3
Associate
degree
4
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
5
Total
5
Bachelor's
6
Master's
7
Professional
7
Doctorate
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Current
dollars
Men
1989
..............................................
$
30,465
$
17,555
$
21,065
$
26,609
$
31,308
 
$
41,892
$
38,565
 
 
 
1990
..............................................
30,733
17,394
20,902
26,653
31,734
 
42,671
39,238
 
 
 
1991
..............................................
31,613
17,623
21,402
26,779
31,663
$
33,817
45,138
40,906
$
49,734
$
73,996
$
57,187
1992
..............................................
32,057
17,294
21,274
27,280
32,103
33,433
45,802
41,355
49,973
76,220
57,418
1993
..............................................
32,359
16,863
21,752
27,370
32,077
33,690
47,740
42,757
51,867
80,549
63,149
1994
..............................................
33,440
17,532
22,048
28,037
32,279
35,794
49,228
43,663
53,500
75,009
61,921
1995
..............................................
34,551
18,354
22,185
29,510
33,883
35,201
50,481
45,266
55,216
79,667
65,336
1996
..............................................
35,622
17,962
22,717
30,709
34,845
37,131
51,436
45,846
60,508
85,963
71,227
1997
..............................................
36,678
19,291
24,726
31,215
35,945
38,022
53,450
48,616
61,690
85,011
76,234
Women
1989
..............................................
20,570
12,188
13,923
17,528
21,631
 
28,799
26,709
 
 
 
1990
..............................................
21,372
12,251
14,429
18,319
22,227
 
30,377
28,017
 
 
 
1991
..............................................
22,043
12,066
14,455
18,836
22,143
25,000
31,310
29,079
34,949
46,742
43,303
1992
..............................................
23,139
12,958
14,559
19,427
23,157
25,624
32,304
30,326
36,037
46,257
45,790
1993
..............................................
23,629
12,415
15,386
19,963
23,056
25,883
34,307
31,197
38,612
50,211
47,248
1994
..............................................
24,399
12,430
15,133
20,373
23,514
25,940
35,378
31,741
39,457
50,615
51,119
1995
..............................................
24,875
13,577
15,825
20,463
23,997
27,311
35,259
32,051
40,263
50,000
48,141
1996
..............................................
25,808
14,414
16,953
21,175
25,167
28,083
36,461
33,525
41,901
57,624
56,267
1997
..............................................
26,974
14,161
16,697
22,067
26,335
28,812
38,038
35,379
44,949
61,051
53,037
Constant
1997
dollars
Men
1989
..............................................
$
39,433
$
22,722
$
27,266
$
34,441
$
40,524
 
$
54,223
$
49,917
 
 
 
1990
..............................................
37,740
21,360
25,668
32,730
38,969
 
52,400
48,184
 
 
 
1991
..............................................
37,253
20,767
25,220
31,557
37,312
$
39,850
53,191
48,204
$
58,607
$
87,198
$
67,390
1992
..............................................
36,672
19,784
24,337
31,208
36,725
38,247
52,396
47,309
57,168
87,194
65,685
1993
..............................................
35,942
18,730
24,161
30,401
35,629
37,420
53,026
47,491
57,610
89,468
70,141
1994
..............................................
36,215
18,987
23,878
30,364
34,958
38,765
53,314
47,287
57,940
81,234
67,060
1995
..............................................
36,387
19,330
23,364
31,078
35,684
37,072
53,164
47,672
58,151
83,901
68,809
1996
..............................................
36,439
18,374
23,238
31,414
35,645
37,983
52,616
46,898
61,896
87,935
72,861
1997
..............................................
36,678
19,291
24,726
31,215
35,945
38,022
53,450
48,616
61,690
85,011
76,234
Women
1989
..............................................
26,625
15,776
18,021
22,687
27,998
 
37,276
34,571
 
 
 
1990
..............................................
26,245
15,044
17,719
22,496
27,295
 
37,303
34,405
 
 
 
1991
..............................................
25,976
14,219
17,034
22,197
26,094
29,460
36,896
34,267
41,184
55,081
51,029
1992
..............................................
26,470
14,824
16,655
22,224
26,491
29,313
36,955
34,692
41,226
52,917
52,383
1993
..............................................
26,245
13,790
17,090
22,173
25,609
28,749
38,106
34,651
42,887
55,771
52,480
1994
..............................................
26,424
13,462
16,389
22,064
25,466
28,093
38,314
34,375
42,732
54,816
55,362
1995
..............................................
26,197
14,299
16,666
21,551
25,272
28,763
37,133
33,754
42,403
52,657
50,700
1996
..............................................
26,400
14,745
17,342
21,661
25,744
28,727
37,298
34,294
42,862
58,946
57,558
1997
..............................................
26,974
14,161
16,697
22,067
26,335
28,812
38,038
35,379
44,949
61,051
53,037
Number
with
income
(
in
thousands)

Men
1989
..............................................
44,596
2,425
3,312
16,392
9,028
 
13,439
7,473
 
 
 
1990
..............................................
44,406
2,250
3,315
16,394
9,113
 
13,334
7,569
 
 
 
1991
..............................................
44,199
1,807
3,083
15,025
8,034
2,899
13,350
8,456
3,073
1,147
674
1992
..............................................
44,752
1,815
3,009
14,722
8,067
3,203
13,937
8,719
3,178
1,295
745
1993
..............................................
45,873
1,790
3,083
14,604
8,493
3,557
14,346
9,178
3,131
1,231
808
1994
..............................................
47,566
1,895
3,057
15,109
8,783
3,735
14,987
9,636
3,225
1,258
868
1995
..............................................
48,500
1,946
3,335
15,331
8,908
3,926
15,054
9,597
3,395
1,208
853
1996
..............................................
49,764
2,041
3,441
15,840
9,173
3,931
15,339
9,898
3,272
1,277
893
1997
..............................................
50,807
1,914
3,548
16,225
9,170
4,086
15,864
10,349
3,228
1,321
966
Women
1989
..............................................
28,056
906
1,830
11,785
6,217
 
7,318
4,465
 
 
 
1990
..............................................
28,636
847
1,861
11,810
6,462
 
7,655
4,704
 
 
 
1991
..............................................
29,474
733
1,819
10,959
5,633
2,523
7,807
5,263
2,025
312
206
1992
..............................................
30,346
734
1,659
11,039
5,904
2,655
8,355
5,604
2,192
334
225
1993
..............................................
30,683
765
1,576
10,513
6,279
3,067
8,483
5,735
2,166
323
260
1994
..............................................
31,379
696
1,675
10,785
6,256
3,210
8,756
5,901
2,174
398
283
1995
..............................................
32,673
774
1,763
11,064
6,329
3,336
9,406
6,434
2,268
421
283
1996
..............................................
33,549
750
1,751
11,363
6,582
3,468
9,636
6,689
2,213
413
322
1997
..............................................
34,624
791
1,765
11,475
6,628
3,538
10,427
7,173
2,448
488
318
1
Includes
1
to
3
years
high
school
for
1989
and
1990.

2
Includes
4
years
of
high
school
for
1989
and
1990,
and
equivalency
certificates
for
the
other
years.

3
Includes
1
to
3
years
of
college
and
associate
degrees
for
1989
and
1990.

4
Not
reported
separately
for
1989
and
1990.

5
Includes
4
or
more
years
of
college
for
1989
and
1990.

6
Includes
4
years
of
college
for
1989
and
1990.

7
Data
not
collected
in
1989
and
1990.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
for
1982
and
later
years
are
based
on
1990
census
counts.
Due
to
rounding,
numbers
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
60,
``
Money
Income
of
Households,
Families,
and
Persons
in
the
United
States,''
``
Income,
Poverty,
and
Valuation
of
Noncash
Benefits,''
various
years,
``
Money
Income
in
the
United
States:
1995,''
P60
 
193,
and
``
Money
Income
in
the
United
States:
1997''
P60
 
200.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
435
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
381.
 
Total
annual
money
income
and
median
income
of
persons
25
years
old
and
over,
by
educational
attainment
and
sex:
1996
Sex,
earnings,
and
age
Total
Less
than
9th
grade
Some
high
school
(
no
diploma)
High
school
graduate
(
includes
equivalency
College
Some
college,
no
degree
Associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree
or
higher
Total
Bachelor's
degree
Master's
degree
Professional
degree
Doctor's
degree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Number,
in
thousands
Men,
25
years
old
and
over
Total
.........................................
81,620
6,477
8,212
26,226
14,033
5,299
21,374
13,672
4,776
1,708
1,218
With
income
.............................
79,423
6,139
7,671
25,510
13,756
5,210
21,136
13,510
4,709
1,702
1,215
Percentage
distribution
of
men
with
income
Total
....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
$
1
to
$
4,999
or
loss
................
4.3
8.9
8.3
4.5
3.5
3.1
2.2
2.5
2.1
1.3
1.4
$
5,000
to
$
9,999
.....................
9.4
28.8
17.2
9.5
7.0
4.6
3.4
3.9
2.7
2.6
1.7
$
10,000
to
$
14,999
.................
11.2
24.8
20.8
11.9
9.0
7.1
5.2
6.2
3.6
2.5
3.5
$
15,000
to
$
24,999
.................
20.1
22.5
27.8
24.5
20.9
17.6
11.2
13.1
9.1
6.0
5.9
$
25,000
to
$
34,999
.................
17.3
8.9
14.6
20.1
20.6
20.8
14.2
16.3
12.4
8.0
7.0
$
35,000
to
$
49,999
.................
17.2
3.5
7.1
18.0
20.1
24.7
20.2
21.5
20.1
14.4
14.7
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
.................
12.4
1.7
3.0
8.7
13.2
16.4
21.8
21.3
23.7
17.2
26.3
$
75,000
and
over
....................
8.2
0.9
1.1
2.8
5.6
5.7
21.7
15.1
26.3
48.1
39.3
Median
income
...................
$
27,248
$
12,174
$
16,058
$
24,814
$
29,160
$
33,065
$
44,161
$
39,624
$
50,003
$
71,869
$
62,255
Number,
in
thousands
Women,
25
years
old
and
over
Total
.........................................
88,961
6,836
9,000
31,360
15,335
7,107
19,323
13,685
4,356
739
543
With
income
.............................
83,056
5,775
7,929
29,212
14,528
6,839
18,775
13,247
4,285
715
527
Percentage
distribution
of
women
with
income
Total
....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
$
1
to
$
4,999
or
loss
................
16.2
24.5
22.5
17.1
15.3
12.5
11.4
12.9
8.0
9.0
5.5
$
5,000
to
$
9,999
.....................
20.1
45.8
36.1
21.8
16.5
12.1
8.5
9.5
6.1
4.6
5.7
$
10,000
to
$
14,999
.................
14.5
16.5
19.3
18.0
14.7
12.9
6.9
7.7
5.3
3.6
3.2
$
15,000
to
$
24,999
.................
21.2
9.5
15.7
24.9
24.8
23.8
17.4
19.3
13.3
9.4
13.5
$
25,000
to
$
34,999
.................
13.0
2.1
3.9
10.8
14.8
19.5
19.8
20.5
20.0
13.0
11.2
$
35,000
to
$
49,999
.................
8.9
0.8
1.6
5.0
9.2
13.1
18.7
16.5
25.6
16.6
20.3
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
.................
4.4
0.6
0.5
1.8
3.6
4.9
11.6
9.5
15.6
18.9
19.7
$
75,000
and
over
....................
1.9
0.2
0.3
0.6
1.0
1.2
5.8
4.0
6.2
24.9
20.9
Median
income
...................
$
14,682
$
7,276
$
8,544
$
12,702
$
16,255
$
20,460
$
27,556
$
25,192
$
33,302
$
42,059
$
42,431
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
60,
No.
197,
``
Money
Income
in
the
United
States:
1996.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
436
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
382.
 
College
enrollment
and
labor
force
status
of
1996
and
1997
high
school
graduates,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
October
1996
and
October
1997
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Item
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian
labor
force
1
Not
in
labor
force
Number
Percent
Percent
of
high
school
graduates
Number
Labor
force
participation
rate
Employed
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Unemployment
rate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1996
high
school
graduates
2
Total
...........................................................
2,660
100.0
100.0
1,528
57.4
1,225
46.1
303
19.8
1,132
Men
........................................................
1,297
48.8
48.8
771
59.5
605
46.6
167
21.6
526
Women
..................................................
1,363
51.2
51.2
756
55.5
620
45.5
136
18.0
606
White
3
...................................................
2,092
78.6
78.6
1,253
59.9
1,047
50.0
206
16.5
839
Black
3
....................................................
416
15.6
15.6
231
55.6
150
36.1
82
35.4
185
Hispanic
origin
4
.....................................
227
8.5
8.5
138
60.6
100
44.1
37
27.1
89
Enrolled
in
college,
October
1996
.........
1,729
100.0
65.0
801
46.3
676
39.1
126
15.7
928
Men
....................................................
779
45.1
29.3
348
44.7
286
36.7
63
18.0
431
Women
...............................................
950
54.9
35.7
453
47.7
390
41.1
63
14.0
497
2­
year
.................................................
615
35.6
23.1
379
61.7
310
50.4
69
18.3
235
4­
year
.................................................
1,115
64.5
41.9
422
37.9
366
32.8
57
13.4
692
Full­
time
students
..............................
1,589
91.9
59.7
681
42.8
562
35.4
119
17.5
908
Part­
time
students
..............................
140
8.1
5.3
120
86.1
113
80.7
7
5.8
19
White
3
................................................
1,377
79.6
51.8
679
49.4
584
42.4
96
14.1
697
Black
3
................................................
230
13.3
8.6
94
40.9
74
32.2
21
21.8
136
Hispanic
origin
4
.................................
115
6.7
4.3
66
57.4
55
47.8
12
(
5)
49
Not
enrolled
in
college,
October
1996
..
931
100.0
35.0
726
78.1
549
59.0
177
24.4
204
Men
....................................................
518
55.6
19.5
423
81.7
319
61.6
104
24.6
95
Women
...............................................
413
44.4
15.5
303
73.5
231
55.9
73
23.9
109
White
3
................................................
716
76.9
26.9
574
80.2
463
64.7
111
19.3
142
Black
3
................................................
186
20.0
7.0
137
73.8
76
40.9
61
44.8
49
Hispanic
origin
4
.................................
112
12.0
4.2
71
63.9
46
41.1
26
(
5)
40
1997
high
school
graduates
6
Total
...........................................................
2,769
100.0
100.0
1,590
57.4
1,362
49.2
228
14.3
1,179
Men
........................................................
1,354
48.9
48.9
793
58.6
675
49.8
118
14.9
561
Women
..................................................
1,415
51.1
51.1
798
56.4
688
48.6
110
13.8
618
White
3
...................................................
2,228
80.5
80.5
1,337
60.0
1,168
52.4
169
12.6
891
Black
3
....................................................
394
14.2
14.2
193
49.0
140
35.5
53
27.6
201
Hispanic
origin
4
.....................................
336
12.1
12.1
188
56.0
141
41.9
47
25.1
148
Enrolled
in
college,
October
1997
.........
1,856
100.0
67.0
853
46.0
751
40.5
102
11.9
1,003
Men
....................................................
860
46.3
31.1
364
42.3
311
36.2
52
14.4
497
Women
...............................................
995
53.6
35.9
489
49.1
440
44.2
49
10.1
506
2­
year
.................................................
630
33.9
22.8
398
63.2
346
54.9
52
13.1
232
4­
year
.................................................
1,225
66.0
44.2
454
37.1
405
33.1
49
10.8
771
Full­
time
students
..............................
1,680
90.5
60.7
704
41.9
615
36.6
89
12.7
976
Part­
time
students
..............................
176
9.5
6.4
149
84.6
137
77.6
12
8.3
27
White
3
................................................
1,504
81.0
54.3
744
49.5
659
43.8
85
11.4
760
Black
3
................................................
235
12.7
8.5
70
29.9
55
23.4
15
(
5)
165
Hispanic
origin
4
.................................
220
11.9
7.9
101
45.8
80
36.5
21
20.4
119
Not
enrolled
in
college,
October
1997
..
913
100.0
33.0
738
80.7
611
66.9
126
17.1
176
Men
....................................................
493
54.0
17.8
429
86.9
363
73.7
66
15.3
64
Women
...............................................
420
46.0
15.2
309
73.5
248
59.0
61
19.7
111
White
3
................................................
724
79.3
26.1
593
81.9
509
70.3
84
14.1
131
Black
3
................................................
159
17.4
5.7
123
77.2
85
53.3
38
31.0
36
Hispanic
origin
4
.................................
116
12.7
4.2
87
75.4
60
52.3
27
30.7
28
1
The
labor
force
includes
all
employed
persons
plus
those
seeking
employment.
The
labor
force
participation
rate
is
the
percentage
of
persons
either
employed
or
seeking
employment.
2
Includes
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
who
graduated
from
high
school
between
January
and
October
1996.
3
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.
4
Persons
of
Hispanic
origin
may
be
of
any
race.
5
Data
not
shown
where
base
is
less
than
75,000.
6
Includes
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
who
graduated
from
high
school
between
January
and
October
1997.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
Percents
are
only
shown
when
the
base
is
75,000
or
greater.
Even
though
the
standard
errors
are
large,
smaller
estimates
are
shown
to
permit
users
to
combine
categories
in
various
ways.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Detail
for
the
above
race
and
Hispanic­
origin
groups
will
not
sum
to
totals
because
data
for
the
``
other
races''
groups
are
not
presented
and
Hispanics
are
included
in
both
the
white
and
black
population
groups.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
``
College
Enrollment
and
Work
Activity
of
1997
High
School
Graduates.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
437
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
383.
 
Labor
force
status
of
1979
 
80
to
1996
 
97
high
school
dropouts,
by
sex
and
race/
ethnicity:
October
1980
to
October
1997
[
Numbers
in
thousands]

Year,
sex,
and
race
Dropouts
Dropouts
in
civilian
labor
force
1
Not
in
labor
force
Number
Percent
of
total
Number
Labor
force
participation
rate
Employed
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
dropouts
Number
Unemployment
rate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
All
dropouts
2
1980
........................................................
739
100.0
471
63.7
322
43.6
149
31.6
268
36.3
1985
........................................................
612
100.0
413
67.5
266
43.5
147
35.6
199
32.5
1986
........................................................
562
100.0
359
63.9
259
46.1
100
27.9
203
36.1
1987
........................................................
502
100.0
333
66.4
207
41.2
126
37.8
169
33.7
1988
........................................................
552
100.0
327
59.2
240
43.5
87
26.7
225
40.8
1989
........................................................
446
100.0
292
65.4
210
47.1
82
28.0
154
34.5
1990
........................................................
405
100.0
280
69.0
189
46.7
90
32.3
125
30.9
1991
........................................................
380
100.0
235
61.8
140
36.9
95
40.3
145
38.2
1992
........................................................
406
100.0
242
59.6
147
36.3
95
39.1
164
40.4
1993
........................................................
399
100.0
254
63.8
187
47.0
67
26.3
145
36.3
1994
........................................................
510
100.0
311
61.1
219
42.9
93
29.8
198
38.8
1995
........................................................
604
100.0
409
67.7
288
47.7
121
29.6
195
32.3
1996
........................................................
496
100.0
289
58.4
210
42.3
80
27.6
206
41.5
1997
........................................................
502
100.0
302
60.2
225
44.9
77
25.4
200
39.8
Men
1980
........................................................
422
57.1
305
72.3
212
50.2
93
30.5
117
27.7
1985
........................................................
321
52.5
261
81.3
163
50.8
98
37.5
60
18.7
1990
........................................................
215
53.1
173
80.2
110
51.2
63
36.2
42
19.5
1993
........................................................
213
53.4
156
73.5
132
61.8
25
15.9
57
26.8
1994
........................................................
259
50.8
198
76.5
151
58.2
47
23.9
61
23.6
1995
........................................................
339
56.1
251
74.0
179
52.8
72
28.7
88
26.0
1996
........................................................
241
48.6
178
74.0
123
51.0
56
31.1
63
26.1
1997
........................................................
289
57.6
207
71.8
165
57.2
42
20.3
81
28.0
Women
1980
........................................................
317
42.9
166
52.4
110
34.7
56
33.7
151
47.6
1985
........................................................
291
47.5
152
52.2
103
35.4
49
32.2
139
47.8
1990
........................................................
190
46.9
107
56.3
79
41.6
28
26.1
83
43.7
1993
........................................................
186
46.6
98
52.6
56
30.1
42
42.9
88
47.3
1994
........................................................
251
49.2
113
45.2
68
27.1
45
40.0
137
54.6
1995
........................................................
265
43.9
157
59.5
109
41.1
49
30.9
107
40.4
1996
........................................................
255
51.4
111
43.6
87
34.1
24
21.8
144
56.5
1997
........................................................
213
42.4
95
44.4
60
28.1
35
36.6
119
55.9
White
3
1980
........................................................
580
78.5
392
67.6
286
49.3
106
27.0
188
32.4
1985
........................................................
458
74.8
330
72.1
214
46.7
116
35.2
128
27.9
1990
........................................................
303
74.8
211
69.8
156
51.4
56
26.3
92
30.4
1993
........................................................
304
76.2
209
68.8
159
52.2
50
24.1
95
31.3
1994
........................................................
382
74.9
252
66.0
177
46.3
75
29.8
130
34.0
1995
........................................................
448
74.2
312
69.8
227
50.8
85
27.2
135
30.1
1996
........................................................
365
73.6
238
65.1
178
48.6
60
25.3
127
34.8
1997
........................................................
386
76.9
250
64.8
199
51.5
51
20.5
136
35.2
Black
3
1980
........................................................
146
19.8
73
50.0
33
22.6
40
(
4)
73
50.0
1985
........................................................
132
21.6
69
52.3
39
29.5
30
(
4)
63
47.7
1990
........................................................
86
21.2
56
65.3
26
29.9
30
(
4)
30
34.9
1993
........................................................
80
20.1
34
42.9
21
26.2
13
(
4)
46
57.5
1994
........................................................
100
19.6
48
47.9
34
34.1
14
(
4)
52
52.0
1995
........................................................
109
18.0
66
61.0
40
36.4
27
(
4)
42
38.5
1996
........................................................
111
22.4
40
35.7
23
20.7
17
(
4)
71
64.0
1997
........................................................
90
17.9
41
45.1
18
20.4
22
(
4)
49
54.4
Hispanic
5
1980
........................................................
91
12.3
60
65.9
43
47.3
17
(
4)
31
34.1
1985
........................................................
106
17.3
73
68.9
40
37.7
33
(
4)
33
31.1
1990
........................................................
67
16.5
32
(
4)
22
(
4)
10
(
4)
35
52.2
1993
........................................................
60
15.0
43
(
4)
28
(
4)
15
(
4)
17
28.3
1994
........................................................
108
21.2
51
47.5
31
28.6
20
(
4)
57
52.8
1995
........................................................
174
28.8
119
68.6
84
48.5
35
29.3
55
31.6
1996
........................................................
105
21.2
71
67.7
57
54.5
14
(
4)
34
32.4
1997
........................................................
121
24.1
88
73.1
73
60.4
15
17.4
32
26.4
1
The
labor
force
includes
all
employed
persons
plus
those
seeking
employment.
The
labor
force
participation
rate
is
the
percentage
of
persons
either
employed
or
seeking
employment.
The
unemployment
rate
is
the
percent
of
persons
in
the
labor
force
who
are
seeking
employment.

2
Persons,
16
to
24
years
old,
who
dropped
out
of
school
in
the
12­
month
period
ending
in
October
of
years
shown.

3
Includes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin.

4
Data
not
shown
where
base
is
less
than
75,000.

5
Persons
of
Hispanic
origin
may
be
of
any
race.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
upon
sample
surveys
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
Includes
dropouts
from
any
grade,
including
a
small
number
from
elementary
and
middle
schools.
Percents
are
only
shown
when
the
base
is
75,000
or
greater.
Even
though
the
standard
errors
are
large,
smaller
estimates
are
shown
to
permit
users
to
combine
categories
in
various
ways.
Detail
for
the
above
race
and
Hispanic­
origin
groups
will
not
sum
to
totals
because
data
for
the
``
other
races''
group
are
not
presented
and
Hispanics
are
included
in
both
the
white
and
black
population
groups.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
College
Enrollment
of
High
School
Graduates,
various
years.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1998.)
438
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
384.
 
Employment
of
12th­
graders,
by
selected
student
characteristics:
1992
Employment
characteristics
Total
Sex
Race/
ethnicity
Socioeconomic
status
1
Location
of
school
attended
Male
Female
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
American
Indian
Low
Middle
low
Middle
high
High
Urban
Suburban
Rural
1
2345678
910111213141516
Percentage
distribution
Average
hours
worked
per
week
during
senior
year
Total
......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Did
not
work
during
year
...........................................................
31.8
33.0
30.7
27.6
47.4
38.9
43.3
45.0
38.2
29.8
28.2
32.5
35.6
29.4
31.6
1
to
5
hours
................................................................................
6.8
6.0
7.6
7.0
4.9
6.0
9.5
8.5
5.2
5.5
5.8
10.1
6.7
6.6
7.2
6
to
10
hours
..............................................................................
9.8
8.9
10.7
11.2
6.5
5.3
6.7
5.6
6.7
8.3
10.6
12.6
9.4
9.6
10.6
11
to
15
hours
............................................................................
12.7
11.1
14.4
14.1
7.2
11.3
9.3
6.2
9.5
11.9
13.7
15.0
12.2
13.6
12.1
16
to
20
hours
............................................................................
16.1
15.0
17.2
17.3
11.9
13.3
13.5
12.5
13.4
18.6
18.4
14.0
14.3
18.3
14.9
More
than
20
hours
...................................................................
22.7
26.0
19.5
22.8
22.1
25.2
17.7
22.3
27.1
25.9
23.3
15.8
21.7
22.5
23.7
21
to
25
hours
.......................................................................
9.8
10.2
9.5
10.0
8.8
10.7
8.1
12.0
10.2
10.9
10.8
8.0
9.5
10.6
9.1
26
to
30
hours
.......................................................................
5.6
6.5
4.8
5.5
6.4
6.6
4.4
3.8
6.8
6.4
5.9
3.4
5.3
5.7
5.8
31
to
35
hours
.......................................................................
2.5
3.1
1.9
2.6
2.4
2.4
0.8
5.0
3.6
3.2
2.4
1.3
2.3
2.5
2.7
36
to
40
hours
.......................................................................
3.3
4.2
2.4
3.3
2.9
4.1
3.7
0.9
4.3
4.2
2.7
2.1
3.3
2.4
4.3
More
than
40
hours
...............................................................
1.5
2.0
1.0
1.5
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.7
2.2
1.4
1.6
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.8
Most
recent
type
of
work
for
employed
students
Total
......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Lawn
work
or
odd
jobs
..............................................................
2.2
4.2
0.3
2.5
0.8
0.9
1.7
5.3
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.5
1.3
2.2
2.9
Food
service
..............................................................................
24.0
22.2
25.7
22.8
34.8
24.8
22.9
24.6
28.0
26.6
25.1
18.6
23.6
23.1
25.4
Delivery
person
..........................................................................
1.6
2.5
0.6
1.5
1.9
1.1
3.2
1.3
0.8
1.7
1.3
2.1
1.5
1.7
1.5
Babysitter
or
child
care
..............................................................
4.3
0.6
7.9
4.8
2.4
2.2
5.0
1.1
3.2
3.9
4.5
5.4
4.9
4.4
3.9
Camp
counselor/
life
guard
.........................................................
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.9
(
2)
0.5
0.6
(
2)
0.2
0.3
0.9
1.3
0.8
0.9
0.5
Farm
worker
...............................................................................
2.2
4.4
0.1
2.7
(
2)
1.1
(
2)
(
2)
3.7
3.3
1.6
1.1
0.2
1.1
5.5
Mechanic
....................................................................................
1.4
2.8
(
2)
1.5
0.7
1.5
1.0
1.4
2.0
1.8
1.5
0.6
1.0
1.3
1.9
Grocery
clerk
or
cashier
............................................................
14.5
12.5
16.4
14.8
15.9
11.6
8.5
25.7
15.5
16.6
14.5
12.3
14.2
13.4
16.4
Beautician
..................................................................................
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
1.1
0.3
(
2)
(
2)
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
House
cleaning
..........................................................................
0.9
0.7
1.1
0.8
0.8
2.0
0.6
(
2)
1.5
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.7
0.6
1.4
Construction
...............................................................................
2.0
4.0
0.1
2.1
1.0
1.9
0.9
2.0
2.6
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.7
Office
or
clerical
.........................................................................
6.9
2.9
10.7
6.3
9.2
8.7
12.1
5.8
6.3
6.0
7.2
8.0
9.0
6.8
5.4
Health
services
..........................................................................
1.6
0.9
2.3
1.6
2.1
1.1
1.0
4.5
2.5
2.0
1.4
0.9
1.5
1.6
1.7
Salesperson
...............................................................................
11.8
9.8
13.7
12.0
8.7
11.9
15.0
7.9
7.2
8.8
12.5
15.8
13.4
14.1
7.3
Warehouse
worker
.....................................................................
2.1
3.9
0.4
2.2
1.3
1.7
2.0
2.3
1.7
2.5
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.3
1.9
Other
..........................................................................................
23.5
27.7
19.6
23.5
19.3
28.8
25.4
18.3
22.0
21.4
22.3
27.4
24.4
24.6
21.3
Most
recent
hourly
wage
for
employed
students
Total
......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less
than
$
4.25
per
hour
..........................................................
9.9
7.2
12.4
10.3
8.3
8.8
7.9
5.8
12.2
11.4
9.0
8.0
7.9
7.5
14.8
$
4.25
to
$
6.00
per
hour
.............................................................
77.5
75.6
79.2
76.7
80.9
81.1
77.0
79.3
79.0
76.8
80.0
74.8
80.1
77.0
75.8
$
6.01
to
$
8.00
per
hour
.............................................................
7.7
10.3
5.3
8.0
5.8
6.1
10.7
6.7
5.3
8.3
6.8
9.3
7.3
9.2
6.1
$
8.01
or
more
per
hour
..............................................................
5.0
6.9
3.2
5.1
5.0
4.0
4.5
8.3
3.5
3.5
4.1
7.9
4.8
6.3
3.4
1
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
of
parental
education
and
occupations
and
family
income
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile.

2
Less
than
0.05
percent.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988,''
Second
Followup
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1995.)
439
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
385.
 
Full­
time
employment
status
of
bachelor's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field
of
study:
1976
to
1991
Field
of
study
Percent
employed
full­
time
Percent
employed
full­
time
in
a
job
closely
related
to
field
of
study
Percent
employed
full­
time
in
nonprofessional
job
1
1974
 
75
graduates
in
May
1976
1979
 
80
graduates
in
May
1981
1983
 
84
graduates
in
June
1985
1985
 
86
graduates
in
June
1987
1989
 
90
graduates
in
April
1991
1974
 
75
graduates
in
May
1976
1979
 
80
graduates
in
May
1981
1983
 
84
graduates
in
June
1985
1985
 
86
graduates
in
June
1987
1989
 
90
graduates
in
April
1991
1974
 
75
graduates
in
May
1976
1979
 
80
graduates
in
May
1981
1983
 
84
graduates
in
June
1985
1985
 
86
graduates
in
June
1987
1989
 
90
graduates
in
April
1991
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Total
..................................................
67
71
73
74
74
35
38
38
38
39
10
12
13
14
13
Professional/
technical
fields
................
77
80
82
81
80
51
51
47
47
48
9
10
13
11
11
Arts
and
sciences
fields
......................
56
56
56
62
64
18
17
15
25
26
12
14
15
15
14
Other
....................................................
65
74
75
74
73
36
43
47
36
38
9
19
12
17
13
Newly
qualified
to
teach
...........................
66
75
73
68
74
43
56
54
47
58
7
8
9
9
6
Not
newly
qualified
to
teach
.....................
67
71
73
74
73
33
36
36
37
36
12
13
13
14
14
Professional/
technical
fields
................
80
81
82
82
83
52
49
47
47
48
10
10
13
11
12
Engineering
......................................
79
84
84
83
84
57
55
53
46
50
4
2
3
5
3
Business
and
management
.............
84
83
85
85
83
49
44
41
40
42
15
14
19
17
16
Health
...............................................
75
77
75
76
86
71
66
70
65
83
2
4
2
3
1
Education
2
.......................................
66
67
63
73
67
22
29
24
57
39
12
18
16
9
11
Public
affairs
and
services
...............
 
77
74
72
66
 
46
31
37
49
 
10
15
20
9
Arts
and
sciences
fields
......................
57
56
56
63
64
17
16
15
25
23
13
15
15
15
15
Biological
sciences
...........................
56
45
43
42
50
26
18
17
15
26
6
8
11
11
8
Physical
sciences
and
mathematics
3
..........................................
50
58
51
76
72
19
29
20
48
48
6
2
7
9
7
Psychology
.......................................
61
56
57
66
59
22
17
12
22
22
18
17
16
19
14
Social
sciences
................................
59
61
61
61
68
12
10
13
12
16
15
21
14
17
20
Humanities
.......................................
56
55
59
59
59
12
14
17
19
11
17
18
19
19
21
Other
....................................................
68
75
77
75
73
36
43
42
36
37
10
20
14
21
14
Communications
..............................
 
71
76
77
75
 
31
31
33
29
 
24
16
18
17
Miscellaneous
..................................
66
76
77
74
73
35
46
46
38
38
11
19
13
23
13
1
Includes
those
not
working
in
technical,
managerial,
or
administrative
types
of
jobs
who
reported
that
they
did
not
need
a
college
degree
to
obtain
their
job.

2
Includes
those
who
have
not
finished
all
requirements
for
teaching
certification
or
were
previously
qualified
to
teach.

3
Includes
computer
sciences.

 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
from
sample
surveys
of
recent
college
graduates.
Notes
on
methodology
are
included
in
the
Guide
to
Sources.
Data
exclude
bachelor's
recipients
from
U.
S.
Service
Schools.
Deceased
graduates
and
graduates
living
at
foreign
addresses
at
the
time
of
the
survey
are
not
included.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Recent
College
Graduates''

surveys
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1993.)
440
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
386.
 
Employment
status
of
1992
 
93
bachelor's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field
of
study
and
occupational
area:
1994
[
Percentage
distribution]

Status
in
April
1994
All
fields
of
study
Professional/
technical
fields
Arts
and
sciences
Other
fields
Business
and
management
Education
Engineering
Health
professions
Public
affairs
and
social
services
Biological
sciences
Mathematics,

computer,
and
physical
sciences
Social
sciences
History
Humanities
Psychology
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
1992
 
93
graduates
..............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Time
between
high
school
graduation
and
degree
completion
4
years
or
less
................................................................
31.1
27.5
28.0
21.4
18.0
24.3
47.7
35.0
45.1
43.2
34.3
36.6
29.9
More
than
4,
up
to
5
years
.............................................
27.6
27.2
30.9
35.2
26.2
28.3
22.7
22.8
24.7
19.3
26.0
26.5
30.3
More
than
5,
up
to
6
years
.............................................
11.2
9.4
10.5
16.2
12.7
11.9
11.7
10.1
10.1
16.8
11.0
7.2
13.3
More
than
6,
up
to
10
years
...........................................
12.7
13.3
12.1
13.4
15.1
14.5
6.8
16.1
12.7
6.5
14.1
9.8
11.7
More
than
10
years
.........................................................
17.4
22.6
18.5
13.8
28.1
21.0
11.1
15.9
7.4
14.3
14.6
20.0
14.7
Enrollment
status
in
April
1994
Enrolled
full­
time
.............................................................
12.0
5.0
10.9
14.6
10.5
8.7
26.6
20.5
14.4
18.2
14.2
18.4
10.5
Enrolled
part­
time
............................................................
5.8
4.7
8.2
6.6
6.8
5.4
8.6
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.1
9.9
4.5
Not
enrolled
.....................................................................
82.2
90.3
80.9
78.8
82.7
85.9
64.9
75.1
80.7
76.6
80.7
71.7
85.0
Employment
status
Employed
........................................................................
87.0
92.4
89.4
85.0
88.7
87.8
68.8
81.6
85.5
86.1
84.3
81.4
88.3
Full
time
......................................................................
73.1
84.7
68.3
75.8
73.4
74.6
51.6
67.8
72.5
71.7
64.1
66.9
74.6
Part
time
.....................................................................
13.9
7.7
21.1
9.2
15.3
13.2
17.3
13.9
12.9
14.4
20.2
14.5
13.8
Unemployed
1
..................................................................
4.5
3.6
3.4
6.2
4.5
4.6
7.4
4.9
4.8
5.4
4.9
5.1
4.5
Not
in
labor
force
2
..........................................................
8.5
3.9
7.3
8.8
6.7
7.6
23.8
13.5
9.8
8.5
10.8
13.6
7.2
Unemployment
experiences
since
graduation
Experienced
any
unemployment
.....................................
28.7
27.2
34.0
33.1
19.1
26.8
28.3
25.7
31.3
34.8
30.0
23.8
28.8
Average
number
of
consecutive
months
unemployed
...
5.1
5.4
4.6
5.7
5.1
5.1
5.7
5.8
5.1
5.0
4.8
5.8
4.6
April
1994
unemployment
rate
3
......................................
4.9
3.8
3.6
6.8
4.9
4.9
9.7
5.7
5.3
5.9
5.5
5.8
4.8
Total
employed
..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Occupation
Business
management
....................................................
20.1
31.4
9.2
12.2
7.2
16.3
9.3
8.0
26.4
23.9
16.7
25.6
26.9
School
teacher
................................................................
11.7
1.2
57.1
1.5
2.0
1.2
7.7
11.9
3.2
15.1
11.3
6.9
6.0
Engineering
.....................................................................
4.4
0.5
(
4)
54.3
1.5
(
4)
0.7
6.9
(
4)
(
4)
1.0
(
4)
1.7
Health
professions
..........................................................
5.8
(
4)
1.5
(
4)
60.2
1.4
6.6
1.3
1.0
0.5
1.3
5.0
1.9
Other
profession
5
...........................................................
15.5
19.6
7.0
2.7
5.3
27.5
14.5
11.3
15.5
12.6
24.5
19.5
20.2
Computer
science/
programming
.....................................
3.9
3.9
0.8
7.9
0.7
0.6
3.4
25.9
2.3
1.4
3.4
1.5
1.7
Non­
computer
technician
................................................
3.0
1.1
0.7
5.4
7.9
1.7
15.9
4.7
1.7
1.4
1.1
2.9
3.4
Administrative/
clerical/
support
.........................................
17.9
23.6
13.3
5.1
7.4
15.4
16.8
16.6
26.7
18.0
21.3
22.2
16.2
Mechanic
operator/
laborer
..............................................
4.1
3.2
2.4
5.9
1.2
4.1
8.1
4.8
3.4
3.8
5.1
2.2
6.7
Sales
...............................................................................
7.1
11.7
2.5
2.1
2.3
4.4
9.0
4.6
10.0
7.7
7.8
4.4
7.9
Service
............................................................................
4.2
2.4
4.5
1.3
3.7
5.4
6.2
3.0
5.5
6.8
5.4
8.7
5.4
Military/
protective
service
................................................
2.3
1.1
0.7
1.5
0.6
21.9
2.1
1.1
4.3
8.9
1.2
0.7
2.1
Job
characteristics
in
April
1994
Definite/
possible
career
potential
....................................
72.0
77.2
75.4
81.5
80.0
67.8
57.4
75.1
68.0
66.5
65.5
52.6
67.6
Bachelor's
degree
required
to
obtain
job
........................
55.9
51.4
65.7
78.6
73.0
49.4
48.8
67.7
46.5
41.2
44.6
45.3
51.5
Job
related
to
bachelor's
degree
....................................
75.1
85.1
78.5
87.4
90.5
71.6
64.3
82.3
57.2
41.6
58.2
57.3
73.6
Annual
salaries
6
Less
than
$
5,000
............................................................
1.0
0.4
1.3
0.6
1.0
0.6
1.5
0.2
0.7
5.9
1.5
1.5
1.6
$
5,000
to
$
9,999
.............................................................
3.5
1.7
5.8
0.8
3.1
1.8
3.7
3.5
4.8
6.8
5.7
7.4
3.4
$
10,000
to
$
14,999
.........................................................
17.8
12.5
29.8
3.4
6.3
24.7
26.3
14.5
19.3
21.1
24.3
25.4
19.5
$
15,000
to
$
19,999
.........................................................
17.3
14.9
21.3
4.5
5.5
24.6
17.6
12.8
20.2
19.2
17.9
22.4
26.1
$
20,000
to
$
24,999
.........................................................
22.7
22.5
27.5
12.6
13.6
21.4
24.2
20.2
28.1
16.9
27.5
23.4
23.1
$
25,000
to
$
34,999
.........................................................
24.5
31.1
10.9
46.2
38.1
16.9
19.9
32.1
20.1
22.8
14.4
14.7
19.1
$
35,000
to
$
49,999
.........................................................
9.9
11.8
2.0
30.4
24.1
7.6
3.9
14.2
4.2
2.5
7.3
4.8
4.4
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
.........................................................
2.5
3.9
0.9
1.2
7.8
2.0
1.8
2.1
1.7
4.8
0.8
0.4
1.8
$
75,000
or
more
..............................................................
0.7
1.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
1.1
0.4
0.9
(
4)
0.5
(
4)
0.8
Average
annual
salary
7
..................................................
$
24,195
$
27,069
$
19,280
$
30,948
$
31,302
$
22,042
$
22,763
$
25,414
$
22,082
$
21,047
$
21,307
$
19,463
$
21,619
1
Percent
not
working,
but
looking
for
work.

2
Percent
not
working
and
not
looking
for
work.

3
Excluding
those
not
in
the
labor
force.

4
Less
than
0.05
percent.

5
All
other
professional
occupations
excluding
business,
teaching,
engineering,
and
health.
6
Salaries
for
those
employed
full
time
in
April
1994.

7
Respondents
reporting
salaries
less
than
$
1,000
or
more
than
$
500,000
were
excluded.

NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study,
First
Follow­
up''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
441
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
387.
 
Percentage
of
1992
 
93
bachelor's
degree
recipients
pursuing
further
education
within
one
year
after
graduation,
by
type
of
enrollment
and
undergraduate
major:
April
1994
Undergraduate
major
field
of
study
Ever
enrolled
since
graduation
Enrolled
full­
time
Enrolled
part­
time
Enrolled
and
employed
Enrolled
and
not
employed
Enrolled
in
degree
program
beyond
bachelor's
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
All
graduates
...................................................................................
27.3
12.0
5.8
 
 
17.0
Professional
fields
............................................................................
23.5
8.6
6.1
 
 
14.2
Engineering
..................................................................................
28.3
14.6
6.6
7.0
8.1
20.8
Business
and
management
.........................................................
15.7
5.0
4.7
13.9
8.9
8.8
Health
professions
.......................................................................
23.9
10.5
6.8
7.8
6.1
14.7
Education
.....................................................................................
33.9
10.9
8.2
15.2
11.3
19.9
Public
affairs
and
social
services
................................................
24.7
8.7
5.4
2.7
2.9
13.8
Arts
and
sciences
fields
...................................................................
34.5
17.5
5.9
 
 
22.5
Biological
sciences
......................................................................
50.0
26.6
8.6
6.4
13.2
32.6
Mathematics
and
other
sciences
.................................................
36.0
20.5
4.5
6.7
10.3
25.0
Psychology
..................................................................................
38.0
18.4
9.9
5.8
5.7
24.0
Social
sciences
............................................................................
31.2
14.4
4.9
10.0
10.4
19.6
History
..........................................................................................
38.4
18.2
5.3
2.1
2.7
28.8
Humanities
...................................................................................
27.5
14.2
5.1
10.1
10.1
17.5
Other
.................................................................................................
23.6
10.5
4.5
12.2
10.4
14.0
Highest
degree
graduate
expects
to
obtain
Bachelor's
degree
........................................................................
8.5
1.1
2.0
 
 
0.5
Postbaccalaureate
certificate
......................................................
31.7
5.3
0.8
 
 
11.5
Master's
degree
...........................................................................
22.9
7.4
6.0
 
 
12.8
Doctor's
degree
...........................................................................
50.5
29.5
8.6
 
 
38.6
First­
professional
degree
.............................................................
52.3
34.8
6.3
 
 
41.7
Other
degree
...............................................................................
31.0
11.9
8.7
 
 
15.1
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
from
a
sample
survey
of
recent
college
graduates.
Notes
on
methodology
are
included
in
the
Guide
to
Sources.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study,
First
Follow­
up''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)

Table
388.
 
Average
annual
salary
of
bachelor's
degree
recipients
employed
full
time
1
year
after
graduation,
by
field
of
study:
1976
to
1994
Field
of
study
Average
salary
1
of
1974
 
75
degree
recipients
in
February
1976
Average
salary
1
of
1979
 
80
degree
recipients
in
May
1981
Average
salary
1
of
1983
 
84
degree
recipients
in
June
1985
Average
salary
of
1985
 
86
degree
recipients
in
June
1987
Average
salary
of
1989
 
90
degree
recipients
in
June
1991
Average
salary
1
of
1992
 
93
degree
recipients
in
April
1994
Percent
change
in
constant
dollars,
1976
to
1994
Percent
change
in
constant
dollars,
1991
to
1994
Current
dollars
Constant
1994
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1994
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1994
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1994
dollars
Current
dollars
Constant
1994
dollars
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
.................................
$
7,600
$
19,800
$
15,200
$
24,800
$
17,700
$
24,400
$
20,400
$
26,500
$
23,600
$
25,700
$
24,200
22.2
 
5.8
Engineering
..........................
12,200
31,800
22,400
36,500
24,100
33,200
26,600
34,700
30,900
33,600
30,900
 
2.8
 
8.0
Business
and
management
10,200
26,600
16,300
26,600
18,700
25,800
21,100
27,500
24,700
26,900
27,100
1.9
0.7
Health
professions
...............
8,600
22,400
17,300
28,200
20,800
28,600
22,600
29,400
31,500
34,200
31,300
39.7
 
8.5
Education
2
...........................
6,300
16,400
11,500
18,700
13,800
19,000
15,800
20,600
19,100
20,800
19,300
17.7
 
7.2
Public
affairs
and
social
services
............................
 
 
13,700
22,300
15,100
20,800
17,700
23,100
20,800
22,600
22,000
 
 
2.7
Biological
sciences
..............
6,500
16,900
14,500
23,600
15,100
20,800
16,400
21,400
21,100
22,900
22,800
34.9
 
0.4
Mathematics
and
other
sciences
...........................
7,000
18,200
16,300
26,600
17,500
24,100
22,500
29,400
27,200
29,500
25,400
39.6
 
13.9
Psychology
..........................
 
 
12,500
20,400
14,600
20,100
17,300
22,600
19,200
20,800
19,500
 
 
6.3
Social
sciences
....................
6,700
17,500
14,000
22,800
15,800
21,800
20,300
26,500
22,200
24,200
22,100
26.3
 
8.7
History
..................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
Humanities
...........................
5,800
15,100
12,600
20,500
14,000
19,300
16,200
21,200
19,100
20,700
21,300
41.1
2.9
Communications
3
................
 
 
 
 
16,200
22,300
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Miscellaneous
......................
6,800
17,700
15,100
24,600
18,600
25,600
17,600
23,000
20,800
22,600
21,600
22.0
 
4.4
1
Reported
salaries
of
full­
time
workers
under
$
2,600
in
1976,
$
4,200
in
1981,
$
5,000
in
1985,
and
$
1,000
in
1994
were
excluded
from
the
tabulations.
Also,
those
with
salaries
over
$
500,000
in
1994
were
excluded.

2
Most
educators
work
9­
to
10­
month
contracts.

3
In
1994,
data
were
not
collected
in
Communications
as
a
separate
field
of
study.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
exclude
bachelor's
recipients
from
U.
S.
Service
Schools
and
graduates
living
at
foreign
addresses
at
the
time
of
the
survey.
Constant
dollar
adjustments
based
on
the
Consumer
Price
Index.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
Recent
College
Graduates''
surveys
and
``
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study,
First
Follow­
up''
survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997).
442
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
389.
 
Participation
of
young
adults
in
voluntary
or
community
service
activities,
by
selected
characteristics:
1992
to
1994
Young
adult
characteristics
Percent
participating
in
voluntary
or
community
service
activity
Percentage
distribution
of
volunteer
hours
per
week
Any
activity
Sports
teams
or
clubs
Church
activities
Union,
farm,

trade,
or
professional
associations
Educational
organizations
Youth
organizations
Political
clubs
Organized
volunteer
work
1
Other
voluntary
group
None
2
Less
than
2
hours
2
to
4
hours
4
to
6
hours
6
hours
or
more
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1992
to
1994
3
Total
.........................................
37.2
7.2
11.8
1.8
6.0
10.3
3.0
10.4
7.3
62.7
15.2
7.9
5.8
8.3
Sex
Male
..........................................
36.8
9.5
11.1
1.9
4.6
11.2
2.9
8.3
7.3
63.2
14.7
7.7
5.6
8.8
Female
......................................
37.9
4.9
12.7
1.6
7.1
9.4
3.2
12.6
7.3
62.2
15.8
8.2
6.1
7.9
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
..................
38.5
7.5
11.3
2.0
5.8
10.3
3.1
11.6
7.8
61.5
17.1
8.0
5.5
7.9
Black,
non­
Hispanic
..................
35.9
6.3
15.8
1.1
6.4
11.5
3.1
5.8
6.2
64.1
9.6
8.1
7.7
10.6
Hispanic
....................................
31.7
6.3
11.2
0.8
6.5
9.6
2.3
6.7
5.4
68.4
9.8
7.3
6.0
8.5
Asian
.........................................
35.8
5.7
10.5
1.4
7.1
8.1
3.4
13.0
8.4
64.2
14.9
8.7
4.3
8.0
American
Indian
........................
34.1
12.1
14.6
3.6
6.1
11.9
3.8
5.1
3.9
65.9
8.7
6.3
8.1
11.1
Socioeconomic
status
4
Low
...........................................
26.4
5.0
10.4
0.9
4.0
7.4
1.5
5.9
5.0
73.6
8.2
5.8
4.5
7.9
Low­
middle
................................
30.4
6.3
10.8
1.3
3.9
8.3
2.1
7.1
6.3
69.6
11.0
6.0
5.9
7.5
High­
middle
...............................
38.6
7.0
13.0
2.0
5.8
10.9
3.3
9.2
7.5
61.4
16.9
7.9
6.1
7.8
High
...........................................
51.1
9.2
14.7
2.7
9.7
14.2
4.9
18.0
10.3
48.9
24.6
11.4
5.9
9.2
1
E.
g.,
hospital
volunteer.

2
Not
a
volunteer.

3
Sample
survey
in
1994
based
on
people
who
were
high
school
seniors
in
spring
1992.
Respondents
to
the
survey
were
asked
about
their
voluntary
participation
in
selected
organizations
over
the
previous
24­
month
period.

4
Socioeconomic
status
was
measured
by
a
composite
score
on
parental
education
and
occupations,
and
family
income
The
``
Low''
SES
group
is
the
lowest
quartile.
NOTE.
 
Some
persons
participated
in
more
than
one
organization.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
``
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study,
Third
Followup.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1995.)
443
OUTCOMES
OF
EDUCATION
Table
390.
 
Literacy
skills
of
adults,
16
years
old
and
over,
by
selected
characteristics:
1992
Selected
characteristics
Prose
literacy
1
Document
literacy
2
Quantitative
literacy
3
Average
score
Percent
of
adults
with
profiency
at
level
Average
score
Percent
of
adults
with
profiency
at
level
Average
score
Percent
of
adults
with
profiency
at
level
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Total
................................................
272
21
27
32
17
3
267
23
28
31
15
3
271
22
25
31
17
4
Sex
Male
....................................................
272
22
26
31
18
4
269
23
27
31
17
3
277
21
23
31
20
5
Female
...............................................
273
20
28
33
17
3
265
23
30
31
14
2
266
23
28
31
15
3
Age
16
to
18
years
old
..............................
271
16
35
38
11
1
274
15
34
38
12
1
268
20
35
33
12
1
19
to
24
years
old
..............................
280
14
29
37
18
2
280
14
29
37
18
2
277
16
28
37
16
2
25
to
39
years
old
..............................
284
15
24
34
22
5
282
16
25
35
21
4
283
17
23
33
21
5
40
to
54
years
old
..............................
286
15
23
34
22
5
278
17
27
33
19
3
286
16
22
33
23
6
55
to
64
years
old
..............................
260
26
31
30
12
1
249
30
34
26
8
1
261
25
30
30
13
2
65
years
old
and
older
.......................
230
44
32
19
5
1
217
53
32
13
2
(
4)
227
45
26
20
7
2
Race/
ethnicity
White
..................................................
286
14
25
36
21
4
280
16
27
34
19
3
287
14
24
35
21
5
Black
...................................................
237
38
37
21
4
(
4)
230
43
36
18
3
(
4)
224
46
34
17
3
(
4)

Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
....................
242
36
25
25
12
2
245
34
25
28
12
2
256
30
23
27
16
4
American
Indian
.................................
254
25
39
28
7
1
254
27
37
29
7
(
4)
250
33
32
28
7
1
Hispanic,
Mexican
..............................
206
54
25
16
5
(
4)
205
54
25
16
4
(
4)
205
54
25
17
4
(
4)

Hispanic,
Cuban
.................................
211
53
24
17
6
1
212
48
30
16
4
2
223
46
20
25
6
3
Hispanic,
Puerto
Rican
......................
218
47
32
17
3
(
4)
215
49
29
18
3
(
4)
212
51
28
17
3
1
Hispanic,
Central/
South
American
.....
207
56
22
17
4
(
4)
206
53
25
16
4
(
4)
203
53
25
18
4
(
4)

Hispanic,
other
...................................
260
25
27
33
13
2
254
28
26
32
12
2
246
31
25
31
11
1
Highest
level
of
education
Still
in
high
school
..............................
271
16
36
37
11
(
4)
274
15
35
38
12
1
269
19
35
32
12
1
0
to
8
years,
not
enrolled
...................
177
75
20
4
(
4)
(
4)
170
79
18
3
(
4)
(
4)
169
76
18
5
1
(
4)

9
to
12
years,
not
enrolled
.................
231
42
38
17
2
(
4)
227
46
37
15
2
(
4)
227
45
34
17
3
(
4)

GED
....................................................
268
14
39
39
7
(
4)
264
17
42
34
7
(
4)
268
16
38
35
10
1
High
school
diploma
...........................
270
16
36
37
10
1
264
20
38
33
9
1
270
18
33
37
12
1
Some
college
.....................................
294
8
23
45
22
3
290
9
27
42
20
2
295
8
23
42
23
4
Associate
degree
...............................
308
4
19
41
32
4
299
6
23
43
25
3
307
4
19
43
29
5
Bachelor's
degree
..............................
322
4
11
35
40
10
314
4
15
37
36
8
322
4
12
35
38
12
Graduate
studies/
degree
....................
336
2
7
28
47
16
326
3
10
34
41
12
334
2
9
30
42
17
Region
Northeast
............................................
270
22
28
31
16
3
264
24
29
30
14
2
267
24
25
31
16
4
Midwest
..............................................
279
16
28
35
18
3
274
19
30
33
16
2
280
17
26
34
19
4
South
..................................................
267
23
28
30
15
3
262
26
29
29
14
2
265
25
27
29
15
4
West
...................................................
276
20
23
33
21
4
271
22
24
32
18
3
276
20
22
32
20
5
Prison
population
....................................
246
31
37
26
6
(
4)
240
33
38
25
4
(
4)
236
40
32
22
6
1
1
Prose
literacy
is
the
ability
to
understand
and
use
information
contained
in
various
kinds
of
textual
material.
A
level
1
task
rated
0
to
225
requires
the
reader
to
locate
a
single
piece
of
information
in
a
short
text.
A
level
2
task
rated
226
to
275
requires
the
reader
to
locate
a
single
piece
of
information
in
the
text
with
several
distractors
or
to
make
low­
level
inferences.
A
level
3
task
rated
276
to
325
requires
the
reader
to
make
literal
or
synonymous
matches
between
the
text
and
information
given
in
the
task,
or
to
make
low­
level
inferences.
A
level
4
task
rated
326
to
375
requires
the
reader
to
perform
multiple­
feature
matches
and
to
integrate
or
synthesize
information
from
complex
passages
A
level
5
task
rated
376
to
500
requires
the
reader
to
search
for
information
in
dense
text
which
contains
a
number
of
distractors.

2
Document
literacy
reflects
the
knowledge
and
skills
used
to
process
information
from
documents.
A
level
1
task
rated
0
to
225
requires
the
reader
to
locate
pieces
of
information
based
on
a
literal
match.
A
level
2
task
rated
226
to
275
requires
the
reader
to
match
a
single
piece
of
information
among
several
distractors.
A
level
3
task
rated
276
to
325
requires
the
reader
to
integrate
multiple
pieces
of
information
from
one
or
more
documents.
A
level
4
task
rated
326
to
375
requires
the
performance
of
multiple­
feature
matches,
cycling
through
documents,
and
integrating
information
A
level
5
task
rated
376
to
500
requires
the
reader
to
search
through
complex
displays
that
contain
multiple
distractors,
to
make
high­
level
text­
based
inferences.

3
Quantitative
literacy
is
the
ability
to
perform
numerical
operations
in
everyday
life.
A
level
1
task
rated
0
to
225
requires
the
reader
to
perform
a
single,
relatively
simple,
arithmetic
operation.
A
level
2
task
rated
226
to
275
requires
the
reader
to
perform
a
single
operation
using
numbers
that
are
either
stated
in
the
task
or
easily
located
in
the
material
A
level
3
task
rated
276
to
325
requires
the
reader
to
use
two
or
more
numbers
to
solve
the
problem.
A
level
4
task
rated
326
to
375
requires
the
reader
to
perform
two
or
more
sequential
operations
or
a
single
operation
in
which
the
quantities
are
found
in
different
types
of
displays.
A
level
5
task
rated
376
to
500
requires
the
reader
to
perform
multiple
operations
sequentially.
They
must
extract
the
features
of
the
problem
from
text
or
rely
on
background
knowledge
to
determine
the
quantities
or
operations
needed.

4
Less
than
.5
percent.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Adult
Literacy
Survey,

Adult
Literacy
in
America,
1992,
prepared
by
Educational
Testing
Service.
(
This
table
was
prepared
February
1994.)
445
CHAPTER
6
International
Comparisons
of
Education
This
chapter
offers
a
broad
perspective
on
education
across
the
nations
of
the
world.
It
also
provides
an
international
context
for
examining
the
condition
of
education
in
the
United
States.
In
the
early
1990s,
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES)
expanded
its
role
in
collecting
international
data
by
serving
as
the
national
research
center
for
the
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement
(
IEA)
Reading
Literacy
Study.
In
addition,
NCES
has
provided
funding
for
international
research
studies
comparing
mathematics
and
science
education,
including
the
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study
(
TIMSS)
and
the
Second
International
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress.
NCES
is
also
cooperating
with
international
agencies
in
the
compilation
of
statistics
and
the
development
of
education
indicators.
Some
of
the
data
in
this
chapter
were
drawn
from
materials
prepared
by
the
United
Nations
Educational
Scientific,
and
Cultural
Organization
(
UNESCO),
the
Institute
of
International
Education,
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD),
and
the
International
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
IAEP).
The
basic
summary
data
on
enrollments,
teachers,
enrollment
ratios,
and
finances
were
synthesized
from
information
appearing
in
Education
at
a
Glance
published
by
OECD.
Even
though
OECD
tabulations
are
very
carefully
prepared,
international
data
users
should
be
cautioned
about
the
many
problems
of
definition
and
reporting
involved
in
the
collection
of
data
about
the
educational
systems
in
the
world.
This
chapter
provides
information
from
the
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study
(
TIMSS),
carried
out
by
the
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement
(
IEA).
The
mathematics
and
science
performance
of
8thgrade
students
in
41
countries,
and
4th­
grade
students
in
26
countries,
was
studied
through
assessments
administered
during
1994
 
95.
The
mathematics
and
science
performance
of
students
at
the
end
of
secondary
schooling
(
12th
grade
in
the
United
States)
was
also
assessed
at
the
same
time.
A
different
perspective
is
provided
by
data
on
foreign
students
enrolled
in
U.
S.
institutions
of
higher
education.
These
data
from
the
Institute
of
International
Education
provide
information
on
the
number
of
foreign
students
and
their
countries
of
origin.
Further
information
on
survey
methodologies
is
in
the
``
Guide
to
Sources''
in
the
appendix
and
in
the
publications
cited
in
the
source
notes.

Population
The
percent
of
young
people
in
a
population
can
influence
the
proportion
of
national
income
spent
per
student.
Countries
with
a
greater
proportion
of
young
people
must
set
aside
larger
proportions
of
domestic
product
for
their
education.
Among
the
OECD
countries
Turkey
had
the
largest
percentage
of
young
people
ages
5
to
13
at
19.7
percent
in
1995.
The
closest
followers
were
Ireland
at
15.2
percent,
and
Korea
at
14.5
percent.
Countries
with
relatively
small
numbers
of
persons
in
this
age
group
included
Italy
at
9.1
percent,
and
Denmark
at
9.7
percent.
The
proportion
of
5­
to
13­
year­
olds
in
the
United
States
was
13.0
percent,
which
was
higher
than
most
other
OECD
countries
(
table
391).

Enrollments
In
1995,
over
1
billion
students
were
enrolled
in
schools
around
the
world.
Of
these
students,
650
million
were
in
elementary­
level
programs,
372
million
were
in
secondary
programs,
and
82
million
were
in
higher
education
programs
(
table
393).
Between
1980
and
1995,
enrollment
changes
varied
from
region
to
region.
Elementary
enrollment
changes
ranged
from
increases
of
54
percent
in
Africa
and
25
percent
in
Central
and
South
America
to
a
9
percent
decrease
in
Europe.
Enrollment
increases
at
the
secondary
level
generally
outpaced
increases
at
the
primary
(
elementary)
level,
especially
in
Africa
(
112
percent),
Oceania
(
76
percent),
Central
and
South
America
(
52
percent),
and
Asia
(
51
percent
Secondary­
level
enrollment
increased
in
Europe
by
11
percent,
and
decreased
in
Northern
America
(
United
States,
Canada,
and
Greenland)
by
1
percent
(
table
393).
Pupil/
teacher
ratios
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools
vary
from
country
to
country.
Developed
countries
with
relatively
low
pupil/
teacher
ratios
at
the
elementary
level
in
1995
were
Italy
(
11.0)
and
Denmark
(
11.1).
Countries
with
relatively
high
ratios
in­
446
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
cluded
Turkey
(
27.7)
and
Ireland
(
23.4)
(
table
395).
At
the
postsecondary
level,
developing
areas
of
the
world
had
substantial
increases
in
enrollment
between
1980
and
1995.
Postsecondary
enrollment
rose
by
146
percent
in
Africa
and
by
116
percent
in
Asia.
Postsecondary
enrollment
in
Oceania
and
Central
and
South
America
increased
by
181
percent
and
65
percent,
respectively,
followed
by
Europe
at
30
percent
and
Northern
America
at
22
percent.
These
increases
are
due
to
growth
in
the
postsecondary
attendance
rates
and
increased
population
(
tables
393
and
394).
Postsecondary
enrollment
varied
among
countries
partially
due
to
differing
definitions
of
postsecondary
education
and
at
what
age
it
begins.
In
1994,
among
the
OECD
countries,
Canada
reported
the
largest
proportion
of
18­
to
21­
year­
olds
enrolled
in
postsecondary
education
at
40
percent,
followed
by
the
United
States
(
35
percent),
France
(
33
percent),
Ireland
(
31
percent),
and
New
Zealand
(
31
percent).
For
the
22
to
25
age
group,
Finland's
enrollment
rate
was
highest
at
27
percent,
with
Norway
following
at
24
percent,
Canada
at
23,
Denmark
at
22
percent,
and
the
United
States
at
21
(
table
392).
In
1996
 
97
there
were
458,000
foreign
students
studying
at
U.
S.
colleges
and
universities.
This
was
about
the
same
as
the
year
before.
Approximately
57
percent
of
the
students
were
from
South
and
East
Asian
countries
(
table
414).

Achievement
TIMSS
is
the
largest,
most
comprehensive
comparative
study
of
education
that
has
ever
been
undertaken
testing
a
half
million
students.
The
study
was
designed
to
focus
on
students
at
different
stages
in
school:
midway
through
elementary
school,
midway
through
lower
secondary
school,
and
at
the
end
of
upper
secondary
school.
Results
from
the
4th­
and
8th­
grade
levels
were
released
in
late
1996
and
1997,
respectively.
Findings
for
12th­
grade
were
released
in
early
1998.
The
results
of
the
1994
 
95
TIMSS
show
U.
S.
4thgraders
performing
above
the
international
average
in
both
mathematics
and
science,
and
showing
a
stronger
standing
relative
to
other
countries
than
8thand
12th­
graders
in
both
subjects.
In
addition,
U.
S.
students
perform
better
in
science
overall
than
in
mathematics
compared
to
their
international
counterparts
at
the
4th­
and
8th­
grade
levels.

Mathematics
In
the
1994
 
95
TIMSS
assessment
in
mathematics
U.
S.
4th­
graders
scored
above
the
international
average
of
the
26
countries
that
participated.
Fourth­
graders
performed
below
students
in
7
countries
not
significantly
different
from
students
in
6
countries,
and
above
students
in
12
countries.
U.
S.
4th­
graders
scored
below
Japan,
not
significantly
different
from
Canada,
and
above
England
(
table
403).
U.
S.
8th­
graders
scored
below
the
international
average
of
the
41
countries
that
were
tested.
In
mathematics
U.
S.
8th­
graders
scored
below
their
counterparts
in
20
countries,
including
top
performer
Singapore
but
not
significantly
different
from
England
and
Germany
(
table
397).
U.
S.
12th­
graders
performed
below
the
international
average,
and
among
the
lowest
of
the
21
TIMSS
countries
on
the
assessment
of
mathematics
general
knowledge.
U.
S.
students
were
outperformed
by
those
in
14
countries,
outperformed
students
in
2
countries,
and
were
not
significantly
different
from
those
in
4
countries
(
table
405).

Science
U.
S.
4th­
graders
performed
above
the
international
average
of
the
26
countries
assessing
4th­
grade
students
in
science.
Only
Korea
scored
above
the
United
States,
with
U.
S.
4th­
graders
outperforming
19
other
countries,
including
England
and
Canada.
The
remaining
countries'
scores,
including
Japan's,
were
not
significantly
different
from
those
of
U.
S.
4th­
grade
students
(
table
404).
U.
S.
8th­
graders
compared
more
favorably
with
other
countries
in
science
than
in
mathematics,
scoring
above
the
international
average
of
41
countries.
U.
S.
8th­
grade
students
scored
below
their
peers
in
9
countries,
not
significantly
different
from
16
countries,
including
Canada,
England,
and
Germany,
and
outperformed
students
in
15
nations
(
table
399).
U.
S.
12th­
graders
performed
below
the
international
average
and
among
the
lowest
scoring
of
the
21
TIMSS
countries
on
the
assessment
of
general
science
knowledge.
U.
S.
students
were
outperformed
by
students
in
11
countries,
outperformed
students
in
2
countries,
and
did
not
score
significantly
different
from
students
in
7
countries
(
table
406).
U.
S.
4th­
grade
students
were
above
the
international
average
in
all
four
science
content
areas
studied
by
TIMSS.
Among
the
five
science
content
areas
assessed
at
the
8th­
grade
level
in
TIMSS,
U.
S.
students
performed
above
the
international
average
in
earth
science,
life
science,
and
environmental
issues
and
no
different
from
the
international
average
in
chemistry
and
physics
(
table
404).

Degrees
Ratios
of
bachelor's
degrees
conferred
per
hundred
22­
or
23­
year­
olds
in
1994
ranged
from
7
in
Turkey
and
9
in
Switzerland
to
32
in
the
United
States
and
35
in
Australia.
In
1994,
women
had
higher
bachelor's
degree
ratios
than
men
in
13
out
of
16
countries
reporting
data
(
table
409).
Countries
pay
careful
attention
to
the
percent
of
graduates
in
the
fields
of
mathematics
and
science.
Regarding
the
percent
of
undergraduate
degrees
447
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
awarded
in
science
fields
(
including
natural
sciences,
mathematics
and
computer
science,
and
engineering
OECD
countries
reported
rates
from
15
to
37
percent
for
1995.
Ireland,
Germany
and
Finland
were
over
30
percent,
while
Canada,
Australia,
Italy,
Norway
Portugal,
and
Spain
were
under
20
percent
(
table
410).
The
proportion
of
graduate
degrees
awarded
in
science
fields
also
ranged
widely
across
countries
in
1991.
Among
the
countries
with
the
highest
proportions
were
Japan
(
54
percent),
Sweden
(
44
percent),
and
Austria
(
37
percent).
Among
the
countries
with
the
lowest
proportions
were
the
United
States
(
14
percent),
Australia
(
14
percent),
New
Zealand
(
19
percent),
and
Canada
(
20
percent)
(
table
411).

Finances
In
general,
higher
income
countries
spend
more
per
student
than
lower
income
countries.
At
the
primary
level
of
education,
Sweden,
the
United
States,
and
Switzerland
ranked
at
the
upper
end
of
per
pupil
expenditures
in
1993.
For
primary
education
per
student
Sweden
spent
about
$
4,900
per
student,
the
United
States
spent
$
5,500,
and
Switzerland
spent
about
$
5,800.
At
the
secondary
level,
Switzerland,
Austria,
United
States,
Germany
and
Denmark
had
expenditures
over
$
6,000
per
student.
Switzerland,
the
United
States,
and
Sweden
spent
relatively
large
amounts
per
student
in
higher
education,
with
each
having
expenditures
per
student
over
$
12,000
(
table
412).
A
comparison
of
public
expenditures
on
education
as
a
percent
of
gross
domestic
product
(
GDP)
in
OECD
countries
shows
that
national
investment
in
education
in
1994
ranged
from
3.3
percent
of
GDP
in
Turkey
to
6.9
percent
in
Norway
(
table
413).
448
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
unpublished
data.
Figure
29.­
Public
expenditures
for
education
as
a
percentage
of
the
gross
domestic
product:
Selected
countries,
1994
27.6
42.7
26.4
37.4
31.9
22.3
25.1
22.0
22.7
19.9
10.8
20.9
12.9
30.4
14.9
20.6
23.4
5.2
28.6
17.2
28.9
19.6
28.6
14.0
17.0
8.6
SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
unpublished
data.
29.3
37.3
42.7
14.0
18.2
6.8
11.4
30.3
32.9
Australia
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
New
Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United
Kingdom
United
States
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4.4
5.5
6.5
5.6
4.5
5.1
4.6
3.8
4.5
5.4
6.9
5.3
4.8
6.6
5.5
3.3
4.6
4.8
Country
Percentage
of
GDP
Figure
30.­
Bachelor's
degree
recipients
as
a
percentage
of
population
of
the
theoretical
age
of
graduation,
by
sex:
Selected
countries,
1995
Australia
Canada
Denmark
Finland
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
New
Zealand
Norway
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United
Kingdom
United
States
0
10
20
30
40
50
Country
Percentage
of
population
Men
Women
449
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Fourth
grade
Twelfth
grade
Average
scores
not
significantly
different
from
the
United
States
Average
scores
significantly
lower
than
the
United
States
Singapore
Korea
Japan
Hong
Kong
(
Netherlands)
Czech
Republic
(
Austria)

(
Slovenia)
Ireland
(
Hungary)
(
Australia)

(
Latvia)
Scotland
England
Cyprus
Norway
New
Zealand
Greece
(
Thailand)
(
Netherlands)
Sweden
(
Denmark)
Switzerland
(
Iceland)
(
Norway)
(
France)
New
Zealand
(
Australia)
(
Canada)
(
Austria)
(
Slovenia)
(
Germany)
Hungary
(
Italy)
(
Russian
Federation)
(
Lithuania)
Czech
Republic
(
Cyprus)
(
South
Africa)

Fourth
grade
Twelfth
grade
Average
scores
significantly
higher
than
the
United
States
Korea
Japan
(
Austria)
(
Australia)
(
Netherlands)
Czech
Republic
England
Canada
Singapore
(
Slovenia)
Ireland
Scotland
Hong
Kong
(
Hungary)
New
Zealand
Norway
(
Latvia)
(
Israel)
Iceland
Greece
Portugal
Cyprus
(
Thailand)
Iran,
Islamic
Republic
(
Kuwait)
Sweden
(
Canada)
(
Austria)
(
Netherlands)
New
Zealand(
Slovenia)
(
Iceland)
(
Australia)
(
Denmark)
(
Norway)
Switzerland
(
Germany)
(
France)
Czech
Republic
(
Russian
Federation)

(
Cyprus)
(
South
Africa)
Canada
(
Israel)

(
Italy)
Hungary
(
Lithuania)
Portugal
Iceland
Iran,
Islamic
Republic
(
Kuwait)
Figure
31.­
Average
mathematics
performance
of
other
countries
compared
with
the
United
States:
1995
Figure
32.­
Average
science
performance
of
other
countries
compared
with
the
United
States:
1995
Average
scores
significantly
higher
than
the
United
States
Average
scores
not
significantly
different
from
the
United
States
Average
scores
significantly
lower
than
the
United
States
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Pursuing
Excellence:
A
Study
of
U.
S.
Fourth­
Grade
Mathematics
and
Science
Achievement
in
International
Context,
1997
and
Pursuing
Excellence:
A
Study
of
U.
S.
Twelfth
Grade
Mathematics
and
Science
Achievement
in
International
Context,
1998
.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Pursuing
Excellence:
A
Study
of
U.
S.
Fourth­
Grade
Mathematics
and
Science
Achievement
in
International
Context,
1997
and
Pursuing
Excellence:
A
Study
of
U.
S.
Twelfth­
Grade
Mathematics
and
Science
Achievement
in
International
Context,
1998
.

Average
scores
significantly
higher
than
the
United
States
Average
scores
significantly
higher
than
the
United
States
Average
scores
not
significantly
different
from
the
United
States
Average
scores
not
significantly
different
from
the
United
States
Average
scores
significantly
lower
than
the
United
States
Average
scores
significantly
lower
than
the
United
States
NOTE.­
Nations
not
meeting
international
guidelines
are
shown
in
parentheses.
NOTE:
Nations
not
meeting
international
guidelines
are
shown
in
parentheses.
450
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
391.
 
School­
age
populations
as
a
percent
of
total
population:
Selected
countries,
1985,
1990,
and
1995
Country
5­
to
13­
year­
olds
as
a
percent
of
total
population
14­
to
17­
year­
olds
as
a
percent
of
total
population
1985
1990
1995
1985
1990
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Australia
....................................................................................................
14.5
13.1
12.9
6.6
6.4
5.6
Belgium
.....................................................................................................
11.4
10.9
10.7
5.8
5.1
4.9
Canada
.....................................................................................................
12.8
12.4
12.2
6.1
5.5
5.4
Czech
Republic
........................................................................................
 
 
11.6
 
 
6.5
Denmark
...................................................................................................
12.0
10.1
9.7
5.8
5.7
4.7
Finland
......................................................................................................
11.5
11.8
11.4
5.6
4.9
5.1
France
......................................................................................................
12.8
12.1
12.0
6.2
5.8
5.3
Germany
1
.................................................................................................
9.1
8.7
10.0
6.1
4.1
4.3
Greece
......................................................................................................
 
 
10.7
 
5.5
5.8
Iceland
......................................................................................................
15.7
15.0
14.3
6.7
6.8
6.4
Ireland
.......................................................................................................
17.9
17.5
15.2
7.7
8.0
7.8
Italy
...........................................................................................................
12.7
10.3
9.1
6.5
6.0
4.8
Japan
........................................................................................................
14.0
11.8
10.2
6.2
6.5
5.4
Korea
........................................................................................................
 
 
14.5
 
 
7.1
Luxembourg
..............................................................................................
10.2
10.1
10.5
5.5
4.4
4.4
Netherlands
..............................................................................................
12.0
10.7
10.8
6.8
5.4
4.8
New
Zealand
............................................................................................
15.3
13.5
13.5
7.5
6.7
5.7
Norway
.....................................................................................................
12.5
11.0
11.2
6.4
5.8
4.9
Portugal
....................................................................................................
15.3
14.3
10.9
6.9
6.8
6.1
Russian
Federation
..................................................................................
 
 
14.3
 
 
5.8
Spain
........................................................................................................
15.0
12.9
10.2
6.8
6.8
6.2
Sweden
.....................................................................................................
11.3
10.2
10.8
5.4
5.2
4.6
Switzerland
...............................................................................................
10.6
10.1
10.4
5.8
4.8
4.5
Turkey
.......................................................................................................
20.6
20.6
19.7
8.7
8.9
8.8
United
Kingdom
........................................................................................
11.4
11.1
11.6
6.3
5.2
4.8
United
States
............................................................................................
12.6
12.8
13.0
6.2
5.4
5.5
1
Data
for
1985
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
Education
at
a
Glance,
1996;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)

Table
392.
 
Percent
of
population
enrolled
in
secondary
and
postsecondary
institutions,
by
age
group:
Selected
countries,
1985,
1990,
and
1995
Country
Secondary
schools,
16
years
old
1
Secondary
schools,
17
years
old
1
Postsecondary
institutions
1985
1990
1995
1985
1990
1995
18
to
21
years
old
22
to
25
years
old
26
to
29
years
old
1985
1990
1995
1985
1990
1995
1985
1990
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Belgium
.........................................
90.0
 
98.9
80.9
 
96.7
24.5
 
40.7
7.2
 
16.5
1.5
 
4.4
Canada
.........................................
 
 
86.5
 
 
68.5
 
 
37.9
 
 
22.0
 
 
9.5
Denmark
.......................................
31.2
34.6
28.9
69.3
73.1
73.3
7.4
7.4
8.9
16.3
17.9
22.6
8.2
9.3
11.2
Finland
..........................................
74.6
89.7
84.3
80.5
81.7
88.5
9.3
13.6
17.5
17.3
20.7
27.4
7.9
10.2
12.9
France
...........................................
67.0
68.2
78.6
72.4
79.7
86.5
19.3
24.6
34.2
10.0
11.8
17.7
4.3
3.9
4.6
Germany
2
.....................................
52.3
46.5
42.6
82.7
81.2
80.1
8.8
8.5
 
 
15.9
17.0
8.9
10.3
11.4
Ireland
...........................................
 
79.2
83.8
 
68.0
74.9
 
20.5
29.1
 
 
15.0
 
 
 
Japan
............................................
 
93.5
100.4
 
88.6
96.6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Netherlands
..................................
41.7
45.0
53.0
55.6
58.5
73.7
14.4
17.9
23.2
11.9
13.4
18.7
5.7
4.7
5.6
New
Zealand
................................
 
79.9
98.5
 
57.2
76.9
 
20.7
27.9
 
14.8
11.9
 
 
7.3
Norway
..........................................
83.4
90.4
94.1
76.1
82.6
90.2
8.6
13.5
17.5
13.9
17.4
23.6
6.2
7.5
10.0
Portugal
........................................
18.0
 
49.3
22.3
 
58.8
5.9
 
17.9
5.4
 
15.7
2.3
 
5.9
Spain
.............................................
58.2
70.6
82.3
50.9
62.1
74.4
15.0
21.3
25.6
10.7
13.5
17.5
4.0
4.5
5.5
Sweden
.........................................
86.7
83.1
92.4
82.4
84.6
95.6
7.8
8.7
13.0
11.3
11.4
16.6
6.5
6.1
7.5
Switzerland
...................................
58.1
61.9
52.9
78.8
81.7
76.4
5.7
6.4
7.7
10.6
12.1
14.7
5.2
6.4
7.2
Turkey
...........................................
20.5
27.3
37.8
12.7
17.3
23.9
 
7.3
10.3
 
4.3
7.3
 
2.2
3.2
United
Kingdom
............................
67.0
75.6
83.9
45.9
57.4
72.0
15.0
16.1
26.2
7.4
10.6
9.4
 
 
4.8
United
States
3
..............................
83.6
84.8
81.7
78.1
78.4
73.9
33.2
35.6
34.1
14.6
17.3
21.2
8.2
8.6
10.8
1
Includes
full­
time
and
part­
time
enrollment.

2
Data
for
1985
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.

3
Postsecondary
includes
higher
education
only.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Some
increases
in
enrollment
rates
may
be
due
to
more
complete
reporting
by
countries.

SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
Education
at
a
Glance,
1996;
andunpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
451
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
393.
 
Estimated
population,
school
enrollment,
teachers,
and
public
expenditures
for
education
in
major
areas
of
the
world:
1980,
1990,
1994,
and
1995
Item
World
total
1
Major
areas
of
the
world
Africa
2
Asia
3
Europe
4
Central
and
South
America
5
Northern
America
5
Oceania
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1980
Population,
all
ages,
7
in
thousands
....................................................................
4,447,405
475,714
2,641,312
693,264
359,306
255,109
22,700
Enrollment,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
...................................................................
857,017
78,024
494,813
132,112
87,211
60,042
4,815
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
541,002
62,128
335,946
52,255
65,310
22,611
2,752
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
264,855
14,354
144,617
63,352
16,972
23,913
1,647
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
51,160
1,542
14,250
16,505
4,930
13,516
416
Teachers,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
.....................................................................
38,158
2,340
19,554
8,245
3,731
4,015
272
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
19,009
1,663
10,849
2,530
2,260
1,580
129
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
15,360
583
7,491
4,411
1,083
1,679
112
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
3,788
94
1,215
1,304
388
756
31
Public
expenditures
on
education,
in
millions
of
U.
S.
dollars
............................
$
516,400
$
22,900
$
93,800
$
200,600
$
33,500
$
155,100
$
10,400
As
a
percent
of
gross
national
product
...............................................................
4.8
5.3
4.0
11
5.1
3.8
5.2
5.6
1990
Population,
all
ages,
7
in
thousands
....................................................................
5,282,359
629,390
3,184,342
722,317
437,822
282,020
26,468
Enrollment,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
...................................................................
981,455
107,796
569,719
131,789
104,937
62,007
5,208
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
596,637
80,595
364,117
48,889
75,504
24,811
2,721
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
316,154
24,345
182,222
64,079
22,079
21,569
1,859
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
68,665
2,856
23,380
18,821
7,353
15,628
628
Teachers,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
.....................................................................
47,001
3,791
24,396
9,389
5,166
3,927
331
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
22,571
2,390
12,684
2,765
3,006
1,582
143
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
19,362
1,240
9,893
5,114
1,519
1,449
146
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
5,068
161
1,819
1,511
641
896
41
Public
expenditures
on
education,
in
millions
of
U.
S.
dollars
............................
$
986,500
$
25,700
$
199,800
$
367,500
$
44,600
$
330,300
$
18,600
As
a
percent
of
gross
national
product
...............................................................
4.8
5.6
3.7
12
5.1
4.1
5.4
5.6
1994
Population,
all
ages,
7
in
thousands
....................................................................
5,607,060
700,695
3,387,959
727,604
468,945
293,882
27,975
Enrollment,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
...................................................................
1,078,000
125,746
628,247
138,196
112,931
66,135
6,746
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
639,762
92,902
389,493
47,925
80,295
26,243
2,903
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
358,867
29,216
209,251
69,413
24,686
23,597
2,703
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
79,371
3,627
29,503
20,857
7,950
16,294
1,140
Teachers,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
.....................................................................
50,848
4,263
26,285
10,121
5,651
4,099
428
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
24,024
2,706
13,353
2,874
3,318
1,622
150
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
21,050
1,364
10,801
5,548
1,618
1,503
216
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
5,773
193
2,131
1,699
714
974
62
Public
expenditures
on
education,
in
millions
of
U.
S.
dollars
............................
$
1,329,900
$
29,100
$
302,100
$
492,600
$
72,800
$
408,900
$
23,500
As
a
percent
of
gross
national
product
...............................................................
4.9
5.9
3.6
5.4
4.5
5.5
6.0
1995
Population,
all
ages,
7
in
thousands
....................................................................
5,687,174
719,497
3,437,791
728,249
476,641
296,644
28,352
Enrollment,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
...................................................................
1,103,959
129,552
645,271
139,580
115,582
66,975
6,999
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
650,179
95,378
395,658
47,663
81,678
26,861
2,941
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
372,037
30,378
218,851
70,458
25,784
23,675
2,891
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
81,742
3,795
30,762
21,459
8,121
16,438
1,168
Teachers,
all
levels,
8
in
thousands
.....................................................................
51,919
4,451
26,851
10,220
5,814
4,155
428
First
(
primary)
level
9
......................................................................................
24,329
2,782
13,491
2,851
3,386
1,668
153
Second
level
10
...............................................................................................
21,670
1,460
11,167
5,627
1,699
1,504
212
Third
level
11
...................................................................................................
5,919
209
2,193
1,742
728
984
64
Public
expenditures
on
education,
in
millions
of
U.
S.
dollars
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As
a
percent
of
gross
national
product
...............................................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Enrollment
and
teacher
data
exclude
the
Democratic
People's
Republic
of
Korea.
Expenditure
data
exclude
Albania,
Cambodia,
Democratic
People's
Republic
of
Korea,
Lao
People's
Democratic
Republic,
Lebanon,
Mongolia,
Mozambique,
South
Africa,
and
Viet
Nam.
2
Excludes
Rodrigues
and
other
small
islands.
3
Excludes
the
former
U.
S.
S.
R.,
the
Democratic
People's
Republic
of
Korea,
and
Arab
states,
but
includes
both
the
Asian
and
the
European
portions
of
Turkey.
4
Includes
the
former
U.
S.
S.
R.
5
Northern
America
includes
Bermuda,
Canada,
Greenland,
St.
Pierre,
and
the
United
States
of
America.
Hawaii
is
included
in
Northern
America
rather
than
Oceania.
Central
and
South
America
includes
Latin
America
and
the
Caribbean.
6
Includes
American
Samoa,
Australia,
Cook
Islands,
Fiji,
French
Polynesia,
Guam,
Kiribati,
Marshall
Islands,
Federated
States
of
Micronesia,
Nauru,
New
Caledonia,
New
Zealand,
Niue,
Norfolk
Island,
Northern
Mariana
Islands,
Pacific
Islands,
Papua
New
Guinea,
Pitcairn,
Samoa,
Solomon
Islands,
Tokelau,
Tonga,
Tuvalu,
Republic
of
Vanuatu,
and
Wallis
and
Fortuna
Islands.
7
Estimate
of
midyear
population.
8
Excludes
special
and
adult
education
provided
outside
regular
schools.
Data
prior
to
1992
exclude
preprimary.
9
First
level
enrollment
generally
consists
of
elementary
school,
grades
1
 
6.
10
Second
level
enrollment
includes
general
education,
teacher
training
(
at
the
second
level),
and
technical
and
vocational
education.
This
level
generally
corresponds
to
secondary
education
in
the
United
States,
grades
7
 
12.
11
Third
level
enrollment
includes
college
and
university
enrollment,
and
technical
and
vocational
education
beyond
the
high
school
level.
There
is
considerable
variation
in
reporting
from
country
to
country.
12
This
figure
is
for
Europe,
not
including
the
former
U.
S.
S.
R.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific,
and
Cultural
Organization,
Paris,
1996
Statistical
Yearbook,
Facts
on
Education,
Technology,
and
Culture
Worldwide.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
452
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
394.
 
Selected
statistics
for
countries
1
with
populations
over
10
million,
by
continent:
1980,
1990,
and
1995
Country
Population
in
millions
Persons
per
square
kilometer
in
1995
First
level
2
1980
1990
1995
Enrollment
in
thousands
Enrollment
ratio
6
1980
1990
1995
1980
1990
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
World
total
7
..................................................................
4,447.4
5,282.4
5,687.2
42
541,002
596,637
650,179
96
99
100
Africa
Algeria
8
...............................................................................
18.7
24.9
28.1
12
3,119
4,189
4,618
94
100
107
Angola
.................................................................................
7.0
9.2
10.8
9
1,301
990
 
174
91
 
Cameroon
...........................................................................
8.7
11.5
13.2
28
1,379
1,964
9
1,897
98
101
9
88
Cote
D'Ivoire
.......................................................................
8.2
11.7
13.7
42
1,025
1,415
1,662
75
67
69
Egypt
8
.................................................................................
43.7
56.3
62.1
62
4,663
6,964
15
7,470
73
94
100
Ethiopia
...............................................................................
36.4
48.1
56.4
51
2,131
2,466
9
2,722
36
33
9
31
Ghana
.................................................................................
10.8
15.0
17.3
73
19
1,378
1,945
 
79
77
 
Kenya
8
................................................................................
16.6
23.5
27.2
47
3,927
5,392
5,545
115
95
85
Madagascar
8
......................................................................
9.1
12.6
14.9
25
1,724
1,571
10
1,505
133
84
10
72
Morocco
..............................................................................
19.4
24.0
26.5
59
2,172
2,484
3,102
83
67
83
Mozambique
8
.....................................................................
12.1
14.2
17.3
22
1,387
1,260
1,415
99
67
60
Nigeria
8
..............................................................................
72.0
96.2
111.7
121
22
12,117
13,607
9
16,191
105
85
9
89
South
Africa
........................................................................
29.2
37.1
41.5
34
4,353
6,952
8,061
85
109
117
Sudan
8
...............................................................................
18.7
24.1
26.7
11
1,464
2,043
3,024
50
50
9
54
Uganda
...............................................................................
13.1
16.6
19.7
82
1,292
2,470
2,912
26
50
26
74
26
73
United
Republic
of
Tanzania
..............................................
18.6
25.5
30.0
34
27
3,368
27
3,379
3,878
93
70
67
Zaire
....................................................................................
27.0
37.4
45.5
19
4,196
4,562
9
5,418
92
70
9
72
Zimbabwe
...........................................................................
7.1
9.9
11.2
29
1,235
2,116
2,483
85
116
116
Asia
Afghanistan
8
.......................................................................
16.1
14.8
19.7
30
1,116
623
1,312
34
27
49
Bangladesh
.........................................................................
88.2
109.8
118.2
821
8,240
11,940
 
61
69
 
China
8
................................................................................
998.9
1,155.3
1,220.2
127
146,270
122,414
131,951
113
127
118
India
....................................................................................
688.9
850.8
929.0
283
73,873
99,118
109,734
83
97
100
Indonesia
............................................................................
151.0
182.8
197.5
104
25,537
29,754
9
29,722
107
115
9
114
Iran,
Islamic
Republic
of
8
...................................................
39.3
59.2
68.4
42
4,799
9,370
9
9,746
87
110
9
99
Iraq
......................................................................................
13.0
18.1
20.1
46
2,616
3,328
 
113
111
 
Japan
..................................................................................
116.8
123.5
125.1
331
11,827
9,373
8,370
101
100
102
Kazakstan
...........................................................................
14.9
16.7
16.8
6
1,064
1,197
1,373
84
87
96
Korea,
North
(
DPR)
............................................................
17.7
20.4
22.1
183
 
29
1,543
 
 
 
 
Korea,
South
(
Republic
of)
.................................................
38.1
42.9
44.9
452
5,658
4,869
3,916
110
105
 
Malaysia
..............................................................................
13.8
17.9
20.1
61
2,009
2,456
2,803
93
93
91
Myanmar
(
former
Burma)
...................................................
33.8
41.4
45.1
67
4,148
5,385
5,414
91
105
100
Nepal
8
................................................................................
14.5
18.8
21.5
152
1,068
2,789
10
3,092
86
108
10
110
Pakistan
..............................................................................
85.3
119.1
136.3
171
5,474
11,451
10
15,532
39
61
10
74
Philippines
...........................................................................
48.3
60.8
67.8
226
19
8,034
10,427
11,542
112
113
116
Saudi
Arabia
.......................................................................
9.6
16.0
18.3
8
927
1,877
2,248
61
73
78
Sri
Lanka
8
..........................................................................
14.8
17.1
17.9
273
2,081
2,112
1,962
103
105
113
Syrian
Arab
Republic
..........................................................
8.7
12.4
14.2
77
1,556
2,452
2,673
100
108
101
Thailand
8
............................................................................
46.7
55.6
58.2
114
7,393
6,957
5,962
99
99
87
Turkey
.................................................................................
44.4
56.1
60.8
79
5,656
6,862
9
6,467
96
99
9
105
Uzbekistan
..........................................................................
16.0
20.5
22.8
51
1,391
1,778
9
1,906
81
81
9
77
Vietnam
8
.............................................................................
53.7
66.7
73.8
222
7,887
8,862
10,229
109
103
114
Yemen
.................................................................................
8.2
11.6
15.0
28
703.369
31
1,671
10
2,679
 
1
10
79
Europe
Belarus
................................................................................
9.7
10.3
10.4
50
750
615
632
104
95
97
Czechoslovakia
(
former)
8
...................................................
15.3
15.6
15.6
 
1,904
1,924
9,34
861
 
96
9
103
Czech
Republic
..............................................................
10.3
10.3
10.3
130
 
546
9
539
 
96
9
103
Slovakia
..........................................................................
5.0
5.3
5.3
109
 
 
330
 
 
100
France
.................................................................................
53.9
56.7
58.1
105
4,610
4,149
9
4,072
111
108
9
106
Germany
35
.........................................................................
78.3
79.4
81.6
229
3,636
3,431
9
3,727
 
101
9
102
Greece
................................................................................
9.6
10.2
10.5
79
901
813
9
711
103
98
 
Hungary
..............................................................................
10.7
10.4
10.1
109
1,162
1,131
9
985
96
95
9
97
Italy
.....................................................................................
56.4
57.0
57.2
190
4,423
3,056
9
2,816
100
97
9
98
Netherlands
8
......................................................................
14.1
15.0
15.5
379
1,333
1,082
9
1,189
100
102
9
107
Poland
.................................................................................
35.6
38.1
38.6
119
4,167
5,189
9
5,205
100
98
9
98
Romania
..............................................................................
22.2
23.2
22.7
95
3,237
1,253
1,392
102
91
100
Russian
Federation
.............................................................
138.7
148.3
148.5
9
6,009
7,596
9
7,849
102
109
9
108
Spain
...................................................................................
37.5
39.3
39.6
78
3,610
2,820
9
2,365
109
107
9
105
Ukrainian
S.
S.
R.
.................................................................
50.0
51.9
51.8
86
3,592
3,991
9,38
2,659
102
89
10
87
United
Kingdom
..................................................................
56.3
57.6
58.1
238
19
4,911
19
4,533
9,19
5,209
103
104
9,40
115
Yugoslavia,
Federal
Republic
.............................................
9.5
10.2
10.3
100
1,432
467
449
 
72
72
North
America
Canada
...............................................................................
24.6
27.8
29.4
3
2,185
2,376
9
2,413
99
103
9
102
Cuba
8
.................................................................................
9.7
10.6
11.0
99
1,469
888
1,074
106
98
105
Mexico
.................................................................................
67.6
83.2
91.1
47
14,666
14,402
9
14,574
120
114
9
115
United
States
42
..................................................................
230.4
254.1
267.1
29
20,420
22,429
9
23,824
99
102
9
102
South
America
Argentina
.............................................................................
28.1
32.5
34.8
13
3,917
4,965
9
5,181
106
106
44
113
Brazil
8
.................................................................................
121.7
148.0
159.0
19
22,598
28,944
9
31,220
98
106
9
112
Chile
....................................................................................
11.1
13.1
14.2
19
2,185
27
1,991
2,150
109
100
99
Colombia
.............................................................................
26.5
32.6
35.8
31
4,168
4,247
4,693
124
112
114
Ecuador
...............................................................................
8.0
10.3
11.5
40
1,534
1,846
9
1,777
117
116
9
109
Peru
....................................................................................
17.3
21.6
23.5
18
3,161
3,855
4,131
114
25
118
9
121
Venezuela
...........................................................................
15.1
19.5
21.8
24
45
3,158
45
4,053
10,45
4,217
93
96
10
94
Oceania
Australia
..............................................................................
47
14.6
47
16.9
17.9
2
1,718
1,583
1,647
112
108
108
1
Selection
based
on
total
population
for
midyear
1993.

2
First
level
enrollment
generally
consists
of
elementary
school,
grades
1
 
6.

3
Second
level
enrollment
includes
general
education,
teacher
training
(
at
the
second
level),
and
technical
and
vocational
education.
This
level
generally
corresponds
to
secondary
education
in
the
United
States,
grades
7
 
12.

4
Third
level
enrollment
includes
college
and
university
enrollment,
and
technical
and
vocational
education
beyond
the
high
school
level.
There
is
considerable
variation
in
reporting
from
country
to
country.

5
In
many
countries,
a
child
may
be
exempt
from
school
attendance
if
there
is
no
suitable
school
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
his/
her
home.

6
Data
are
the
total
enrollment
of
all
ages
in
the
school
level
divided
by
the
population
of
the
specific
age
groups
which
correspond
to
the
school
level.
The
year
shown
in
this
column
is
the
one
in
which
the
school
or
academic
year
starts.
Adjustments
have
been
made
for
the
varying
lengths
of
first
and
second
level
programs.
Because
some
countries
have
many
students
from
outside
the
normal
age
range,
ratios
may
exceed
100.

7
Enrollment
totals
and
ratios
exclude
Democratic
People's
Republic
of
Korea.
Data
do
not
include
adult
education
or
special
education
provided
outside
regular
schools.
8
Classification
of
first
and/
or
second
levels
have
been
revised.
Data
by
level
may
not
be
comparable
over
time.
9
Data
for
1994
 
95.
10
Data
for
1993
 
94.
11
Data
exclude
Ecole
Nationale
d'Administration
et
de
Magistrature
(
ENAM).
12
Eastern
Cameroon.
13
Data
for
1986
 
87.
14
Data
for
1988
 
89.
15
Data
do
not
include
Al
Azhar.
16
Excludes
all
private
institutions.
17
Data
for
1985
 
86.
18
Data
for
1992.
19
Data
refer
to
public
education
only.
20
Data
for
1989
 
90.
21
The
educational
system
allows
for
other
alternatives.
22
Data
for
1979.
23
Data
for
1984.
24
Data
for
1981.
453
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
394.
 
Selected
statistics
for
countries
1
with
populations
over
10
million,
by
continent:
1980,
1990,
and
1995
 
Continued
Second
level
3
Third
level
4
Age
for
compulsory
attendance
5
Enrollment
in
thousands
Enrollment
ratio
6
Enrollment
in
thousands
Enrollment
ratio
6
1980
1990
1995
1980
1990
1995
1980
1990
1995
1980
1990
1995
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
264,855
316,154
372,037
46
52
58
51,160
68,665
81,742
12.2
13.8
16.2
 
1,028
2,176
2,545
33
61
62
79
286
9
299
5.9
11.4
10.9
6
 
15
191
186
 
21
12
 
2
7
 
0.4
0.8
 
7
 
15
234
500
10
550
18
28
9
27
11
12
33
10
51
1.6
3.3
 
12
6
 
12
222
 
9
475
19
22
23
20
13
24
 
2.8
14
3.1
 
7
 
13
2,929
15
5,507
15
6,143
50
76
74
716
16
628
 
16.1
15.9
9
18.1
6
 
13
17
666
866
9
756
9
14
9
11
14
34
 
0.4
0.8
9
0.7
7
 
13
693
20
830
 
41
37
 
8
10
 
1.6
1.4
 
21
6
 
14
428
17458
 
20
24
24
13
20
31
 
0.9
1.6
 
6
 
14
22
234
 
 
23
29
17
10
14
23
36
 
2.6
3.1
 
6
 
13
797
1,194
1,412
26
35
39
112
256
9
295
5.9
10.6
9
11.3
7
 
13
24108
160
185
5
8
7
1
18
5
7
0.1
17
0.1
0.5
21
6
 
12
22
1,865
2,908
9
4,451
16
23
9
30
150
20
336
 
2.2
17
3.3
18
4.1
6
 
12
 
25
2,939
9
3,571
13
55
68
84
 
439
9
618
 
12.8
17.3
7
 
16
384
732
9
254
16
23
9
13
29
20
60
 
1.7
3.0
 
6
 
14
87
268
292
26
5
26
13
26
12
6
18
9
28
26
0.5
26
1.2
9
1.5
 
27
79
27
167
213
3
5
5
 
205
13
 
17
0.3
0.5
7
 
13
862
25
1,097
9
1,541
24
17
23
9
26
28
80
9
93
1.2
2.4
9
2.3
6
 
12
75
661
711
8
49
47
8
49
46
1.3
5.2
6.9
7
 
15
137
182
513
10
9
22
13
22
24
 
 
1.8
 
7
 
13
2,659
3,593
 
18
21
 
240
434
 
2.8
4.4
 
6
 
10
56,778
53,063
63,800
46
49
67
28
1,161
28
3,822
5,622
1.7
2.9
5.3
21
7
 
16
32,748
17
44,485
66,634
30
44
49
3,545
4,951
5,582
5.2
6.0
6.4
6
 
14
5,722
10,965
9
12,224
29
44
9
48
543
1,591
2,303
3.6
9.2
 
7
 
13
2,718
5,085
9
7,653
42
54
9
69
17
184
312
1,048
0.0
9.6
9
14.8
6
 
10
1,033
17
1,191
18
1,145
57
47
 
107
14
210
 
8.7
12.6
 
6
 
12
9,558
11,026
9
9,879
93
97
9
99
2,412
25
2,899
9
3,918
30.5
29.1
9
40.3
21
6
 
15
1,996
2,144
10
2,020
93
98
83
525
537
419
34.1
40.1
32.7
6
 
18
 
29
2,468
 
 
 
 
 
29
390
196
 
 
 
5
 
15
4,286
4,560
4,707
78
90
101
30
648
1,691
2,225
14.7
38.6
52.0
6
 
15
1,084
1,456
1,625
48
58
57
58
121
9
191
4.1
7.2
 
21
6
 
16
1,066
1,281
9
1,753
22
23
32
163
25
196
9
245
4.7
4.3
9
5.4
5
 
10
512
709
10
910
22
33
10
38
19
34
94
10
102
2.7
4.4
5.2
6
 
11
2,166
4,345
 
14
23
 
17
268
20
337
 
18
2.5
2.9
 
 
2,929
4,034
4,810
64
73
79
1,276
1,709
9
1,833
24.4
27.4
9
27.4
7
 
13
349
893
1,425
29
44
58
62
154
9
234
7.1
11.6
9
15.3
 
1,267
2,082
2,314
55
74
75
43
25
55
64
2.7
4.6
5.1
5
 
15
604
914
941
46
52
44
140
222
18
194
16.9
18.2
10
17.9
6
 
11
1,920
2,230
3,794
29
30
55
17
1,027
20
952
1,220
14.7
15.7
20.1
6
 
11
2,218
3,808
9
4,726
35
47
9
56
246
750
9
1,174
5.4
13.1
9
18.2
6
 
14
2,879
3,195
9
3,319
105
99
9
93
516
603
 
28.5
30.4
18
31.7
 
 
 
 
42
32
47
115
130
298
2.1
1.9
4.1
6
 
11
73
32
421
10
212
 
 
10
23
8
25
53
 
 
25
4.4
 
6
 
15
760
968
1,055
98
93
94
340
322
314
38.9
45.7
42.6
21,33
6
 
15
781
864
 
89
83
 
197
190
 
17.4
16.0
 
6
 
16
 
 
9
1,193
 
 
9
96
120
118
9
179
17.5
16.0
9
20.8
6
 
15
 
 
666
 
 
91
 
18
66
92
 
 
20.2
6
 
15
5,014
5,522
9
6,004
85
100
9
111
1,077
1,699
10
2,083
25.3
39.6
10
49.6
6
 
16
36
8,457
7,398
9
8,152
 
98
9
103
1,624
2,049
9
2,140
27.2
33.9
9
42.7
6
 
18
740
851
10
851
81
93
9
95
121
283
9
296
17.1
24.8
9
38.1
21
6
 
15
357
514
9
523
70
79
9
81
101
102
9
155
14.1
14.0
9
19.1
6
 
16
5,308
5,118
10
4,938
72
79
9
88
1,118
1,452
9
1,792
27.0
30.8
9
40.6
6
 
13
37
1,391
1,402
9
1,509
93
120
9
139
360
479
10
532
29.3
39.8
10
48.9
21
5
 
16
1,674
1,888
9
2,443
77
81
9
96
589
545
10
748
18.1
21.7
10
27.4
7
 
14
871
2,838
2,223
71
92
78
193
20
165
337
12.1
20
8.5
18.3
7
 
14
12,991
13,956
10
13,732
96
93
10
87
5,700
5,100
9
4,458
46.1
52.2
9
42.9
21
7
 
17
3,977
4,755
9
4,745
87
105
9
118
698
1,222
9
1,527
23.2
36.7
9
46.1
6
 
15
3,406
3,408
10
4,731
94
93
10
91
39
1,684
39
1,652
1,541
41.6
46.6
10
40.6
21,33
7
 
15
5,342
4,336
9
6,678
83
85
134
827
1,258
9
1,813
19.1
30.2
9
48.3
5
 
16
 
788
832
 
63
65
 
25
133
160
 
18.2
21.1
7
 
15
2,323
2,292
9
2,470
88
101
9
106
41
1,173
1,917
10
2,011
57.1
94.7
10102.9
21
6
 
16
1,146
1,002
705
81
89
80
152
242
122
17.3
20.9
12.7
6
 
11
4,742
6,704
9
7,265
49
53
9
58
930
1,311
9
1,420
14.3
14.5
9
14.3
6
 
14
43
21,585
43
19,270
9,43
21,123
91
93
9
97
12,097
13,710
14,419
55.5
75.2
9
81.1
21
7
 
16
1,327
2,160
44
2,594
56
68
44
77
491
25
1,008
9
1,070
21.8
25
38.1
 
21
6
 
14
2,819
3,499
9
4,510
33
38
9
45
1,409
1,540
9
1,716
11.1
11.2
9
11.3
7
 
14
538
699
679
53
73
69
145
25
262
343
12.3
25
23.2
28.2
6
 
13
1,733
25
2,378
3,025
41
18
61
67
272
25
511
588
9.1
14.7
17.2
6
 
12
592
17
730
18
814
53
55
9
50
270
207
 
34.9
20.0
 
6
 
14
1,203
25
1,711
1,863
59
67
69
306
682
9
756
17.3
30.4
9
31.1
6
 
16
46
222
46
281
10,45
311
21
35
10
35
307
550
 
20.6
29.0
 
5
 
15
1,100
1,278
2,182
71
82
147
324
485
965
25.4
35.5
71.7
21
6
 
16
25
Data
for
1991
 
92.
26
Data
refer
to
government
maintained
and
aided
schools
only.
27
Data
refer
to
Tanzania
mainland
only.
28
Includes
full
time
students
only.
29
Data
for
1987
 
88.
30
Data
do
not
include
Air
and
Correspondence
courses.
31
Data
for
Former
Democratic
Yemen
do
not
include
schools
for
nomads.
32
Former
Yemen
Arab
Republic
only.
33
Grade
levels
changed
for
compatibility
with
ISCED.
34
Data
are
a
combination
of
data
for
the
Czech
Republic
and
Slovakia.
35
Data
include
both
former
East
and
West
Germany.
36
Excludes
technical
education,
consisting
of
both
on
the
job
training
and
school
education
37
Data
do
not
include
apprenticeships
and
health
care
training.
38
Enrollment
data
refer
to
grades
1
 
4
only.
39
Excludes
students
enrolled
in
third
level
programs
in
secondary
specialized
schools.
40
Includes
infant
classes
in
primary
schools,
previously
considered
as
preprimary
education
41
Excludes
trade
and
vocational
programs.
42
Population
data
are
from
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports
Population
Estimates.
Enrollment
totals
and
ratios
are
based
on
data
compiled
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
and
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census.
First
level
includes
grades
1
through
6
(
ages
5
 
10),
second
level
includes
grades
7
through
12
(
ages
11
 
16),
and
third
level
includes
ages
20
 
24.
43
Revised
data
series
corresponding
to
grades
7
 
12.
44
Data
for
1996
 
97.
45
Data
refer
to
grades
1
to
9
(
basic
education).
46
Data
refer
to
grades
10
and
11.
47
Includes
Norfolk
Island.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Some
data
have
been
revised
from
previously
published
figures.

SOURCE:
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific,
and
Cultural
Organization
(
UNESCO),
Paris,
Statistical
Yearbook,
various
years;
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P­
20;
and
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Common
Core
of
Data
and
``
Fall
Enrollment
in
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
surveys,
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS),
``
Fall
Enrollment''
surveys.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
454
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
395.
 
Pupils
per
teacher
in
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
by
level
of
education:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1995
Country
Elementary
Junior
high
schools
(
lower
secondary)
Senior
high
schools
(
upper
secondary)

1985
1990
1992
1994
1995
1985
1990
1992
1994
1995
1985
1990
1992
1994
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Australia
..................................
1
13.8
 
2
18.4
18.5
18.1
 
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
 
Austria
.....................................
11.3
11.6
12.2
11.9
12.9
9.2
7.7
7.7
8.3
9.0
15.2
12.4
11.6
7.8
8.2
Belgium
...................................
 
 
13.7
13.3
12.8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
....................................
18.1
17.1
 
16.5
16.7
16.0
15.5
 
19.1
19.7
16.0
15.3
 
19.1
19.2
Denmark
..................................
12.7
11.2
3
10.9
11.0
11.1
10.2
9.3
9.1
9.0
9.4
14.8
13.3
3
10.4
9.1
9.9
France
.....................................
 
 
4
20.4
19.6
19.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Germany
5
...............................
20.7
20.3
6
19.6
20.5
20.7
16.9
14.6
14.6
15.7
15.8
23.7
21.0
6
19.0
12.0
13.0
Ireland
.....................................
 
 
25.6
24.3
23.4
 
 
 
 
 
7.2
8.3
 
 
 
Italy
..........................................
12.8
10.7
10.9
10.2
11.0
9.6
8.5
9.0
8.0
9.9
10.8
10.7
8.8
8.9
9.3
Japan
......................................
 
1
20.8
7
19.8
19.2
19.5
 
18.6
16.8
16.2
16.6
 
16.2
7
16.4
15.8
16.4
Netherlands
.............................
20.2
19.2
8
23.6
22.4
 
12.7
12.4
 
16.9
 
 
 
 
16.5
 
New
Zealand
...........................
20.1
19.1
18.5
20.2
22.3
 
 
 
16.7
18.4
 
 
 
13.2
15.6
Norway
....................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Portugal
...................................
 
 
 
12.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
.......................................
26.8
21.2
21.2
19.2
17.8
21.4
18.8
17.6
18.2
17.5
15.3
14.8
15.9
14.8
14.8
Sweden
...................................
11.6
10.6
11.9
12.5
12.3
10.8
10.2
10.6
10.9
12.2
13.1
11.9
16.0
14.6
14.8
Turkey
.....................................
31.1
30.6
29.3
27.4
27.7
41.3
48.4
47.5
45.6
41.2
11.0
12.1
13.2
14.1
14.9
United
Kingdom
......................
19.7
22.0
20.8
20.7
21.0
 
18.5
15.9
16.9
16.0
11.1
13.9
9
14.8
15.1
15.9
United
States
..........................
17.0
15.6
 
 
17.1
16.5
15.9
16.8
 
17.6
16.2
15.8
15.0
 
10
14.7
1
Public
schools
only.
2
Teachers
include
principals,
deputy
principals
and
senior
teachers
mainly
involved
in
administrative
tasks.
3
Full­
time
and
part­
time
teachers
are
estimates.
Distribution
by
school
level
(
elementary
and
junior
high
school
levels)
is
also
an
estimate.
Kindergartens
are
classified
as
public
institutions.
4
The
number
of
full­
time
equivalent
teachers
does
not
take
into
account
the
additional
hours
given
by
teachers.
In
public
secondary
education
institutions,
an
increase
of
6.6
per
cent
of
total
full­
time
equivalents
would
be
observed
if
the
additional
hours
were
taken
into
account.
The
number
of
teachers
in
independent
private
secondary
education
institutions
are
entirely
estimates.
About
18
per
cent
of
all
the
pedagogical
and
support
staff,
and
about
7
per
cent
of
all
the
staff
employed
in
education
have
been
estimated.
5
Data
for
1985
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.
6
Most
components
are
estimates.

7
Principals
and
vice­
principals
are
included.
Full­
time
equivalents
of
part­
time
teachers
are
not
included.

8
Teaching
staff
do
not
include
direction
staff.

9
Some
teachers
at
lower
secondary
education
are
included
in
upper
secondary
education

10
Teachers
and
pupils
in
independent
upper
secondary
vocational
education
and
nursing
and
paramedical
establishments
are
excluded.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
Education
at
a
Glance,
various
years;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)

Table
396.
 
Geography
proficiency
of
13­
year­
olds
in
educational
systems
participating
in
the
International
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress:
1991
Country
Average
percent
correct
All
geography
items
1
Geographic
skills
and
tools
2
Physical
geography
items
3
Cultural
geography
items
4
1
2
3
4
5
Hungary
............................................................
69.8
(
0.6)
76.3
(
0.5)
67.8
(
0.7)
65.0
(
0.7)
Slovenia
............................................................
65.3
(
0.6)
67.9
(
0.5)
63.6
(
0.7)
64.3
(
0.9)
Canada
5
...........................................................
63.0
(
0.5)
69.5
(
0.4)
61.0
(
0.6)
58.2
(
0.6)
Soviet
Union
(
former)
6
.....................................
62.6
(
1.1)
72.2
(
0.9)
61.2
(
1.0)
53.4
(
1.8)
United
States
....................................................
61.9
(
0.8)
69.4
(
0.6)
58.3
(
1.0)
58.1
(
1.0)
Spain
7
...............................................................
60.1
(
0.7)
62.4
(
0.9)
58.9
(
0.7)
58.9
(
1.1)
Korea
................................................................
59.7
(
0.5)
67.8
(
0.5)
52.1
(
0.7)
60.3
(
0.6)
Ireland
...............................................................
58.5
(
0.6)
62.7
(
0.6)
59.5
(
0.8)
52.3
(
0.8)
Scotland
............................................................
58.3
(
0.6)
66.2
(
0.5)
57.1
(
0.8)
50.6
(
0.8)

1
All
24
geography
items.
2
Eight
items
testing
ability
to
use
maps,
charts,
and
globes.
3
Nine
items
testing
knowledge
of
location
of
physical
features
and
concepts
of
climate.
4
Seven
items
testing
knowledge
of
cultural
entities
and
interactions
between
people
and
their
environment.
5
Eight
provinces.
6
Schools
in
14
republics
where
instruction
is
in
Russian.
7
Schools
where
instruction
is
in
Spanish,
in
all
regions
except
Cataluna.

NOTE.
 
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
International
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
Learning
About
The
World,
1992.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1993.)
455
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
397.
 
Average
8th­
grade
mathematics
scores
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
studying
out
of
school,
by
country:

1994
 
95
Country
Average
percent
correct
by
content
area
Distribution
of
daily
out­
of­
school
study
time
in
all
subjects,
with
mean
mathematics
scores
Mathematics
overall
Fractions
and
number
sense
Geometry
Algebra
Data
representation

analysis
and
probability
Measurement
Proportionality
Less
than
1
hour
At
least
1,
but
less
than
2
hours
2
to
3
hours
More
than
3
hours
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
International
average
percent
correct
...........................
55
(
0.1)
58
(
0.1)
56
(
0.1)
52
(
0.2)
62
(
0.1)
51
(
0.1)
45
(
0.2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Australia
1
.........................................
58
(
0.9)
61
(
0.9)
57
(
1.0)
55
(
1.0)
67
(
0.8)
54
(
1.0)
47
(
0.9)
15
(
0.9)
486
(
5.7)
46
(
1.0)
541
(
4.4)
22
(
0.6)
543
(
5.2)
17
(
0.7)
532
(
4.8)

Austria
1
............................................
62
(
0.8)
66
(
0.8)
57
(
1.0)
59
(
0.8)
68
(
0.8)
62
(
1.0)
49
(
0.9)
9
(
0.8)
524
(
6.7)
46
(
1.3)
551
(
4.1)
21
(
0.9)
544
(
4.5)
24
(
1.2)
528
(
5.3)

Belgium
(
Flemish)
............................
66
(
1.4)
71
(
1.2)
64
(
1.5)
63
(
1.7)
73
(
1.3)
60
(
1.3)
53
(
1.8)
2
(
0.4)
 
 
25
(
1.3)
552
(
8.9)
28
(
1.1)
592
(
5.9)
45
(
1.6)
560
(
4.6)

Belgium
(
French)
1
...........................
59
(
0.9)
62
(
1.0)
58
(
1.0)
53
(
1.1)
68
(
1.0)
56
(
1.0)
48
(
0.9)
7
(
0.8)
466
(
7.4)
32
(
1.0)
543
(
4.6)
21
(
1.3)
544
(
5.5)
40
(
1.5)
519
(
4.5)

Bulgaria
1
..........................................
60
(
1.2)
60
(
1.4)
65
(
1.3)
62
(
1.5)
62
(
1.1)
54
(
1.6)
47
(
1.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
.............................................
59
(
0.5)
64
(
0.6)
58
(
0.6)
54
(
0.7)
69
(
0.5)
51
(
0.7)
48
(
0.7)
14
(
1.2)
514
(
5.6)
47
(
1.1)
538
(
2.8)
18
(
0.7)
534
(
3.7)
21
(
1.1)
511
(
3.6)

Colombia
1
........................................
29
(
0.8)
31
(
0.9)
29
(
0.9)
28
(
0.9)
37
(
1.0)
25
(
1.5)
23
(
0.9)
2
(
0.4)
 
 
17
(
1.1)
394
(
5.2)
20
(
1.2)
389
(
3.6)
61
(
1.9)
390
(
3.5)

Cyprus
..............................................
48
(
0.5)
50
(
0.6)
47
(
0.6)
48
(
0.7)
53
(
0.6)
44
(
0.9)
40
(
0.7)
9
(
0.5)
442
(
5.8)
19
(
0.7)
475
(
3.9)
26
(
0.8)
491
(
4.0)
46
(
0.9)
475
(
2.9)

Czech
Republic
................................
66
(
1.1)
69
(
1.1)
66
(
1.1)
65
(
1.3)
68
(
0.9)
62
(
1.2)
52
(
1.3)
13
(
1.1)
551
(
7.1)
57
(
1.1)
571
(
5.1)
17
(
0.9)
568
(
8.2)
13
(
0.8)
542
(
7.6)

Denmark
1
........................................
52
(
0.7)
53
(
0.9)
54
(
0.9)
45
(
0.7)
67
(
0.9)
49
(
1.0)
41
(
0.8)
39
(
1.6)
517
(
4.4)
39
(
1.4)
508
(
3.8)
13
(
0.8)
479
(
4.1)
9
(
0.7)
468
(
6.9)

England
1
..........................................
53
(
0.7)
54
(
0.8)
54
(
1.0)
49
(
0.9)
66
(
0.7)
50
(
0.9)
41
(
1.1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
France
..............................................
61
(
0.8)
64
(
0.8)
66
(
0.8)
54
(
1.0)
71
(
0.8)
57
(
0.9)
49
(
0.9)
8
(
0.7)
505
(
8.0)
33
(
1.2)
545
(
3.6)
28
(
1.0)
547
(
4.5)
31
(
1.2)
537
(
3.7)

Germany
1
........................................
54
(
1.1)
58
(
1.1)
51
(
1.4)
48
(
1.3)
64
(
1.2)
51
(
1.1)
42
(
1.3)
14
(
1.1)
476
(
6.7)
51
(
1.2)
521
(
4.3)
18
(
1.0)
524
(
7.0)
17
(
0.9)
498
(
5.0)

Greece
1
...........................................
49
(
0.7)
53
(
0.8)
51
(
0.7)
46
(
0.8)
56
(
0.8)
43
(
0.9)
39
(
1.1)
6
(
0.6)
450
(
7.4)
14
(
0.7)
483
(
5.2)
21
(
0.7)
485
(
3.9)
59
(
1.2)
491
(
3.3)

Hong
Kong
.......................................
70
(
1.4)
72
(
1.4)
73
(
1.5)
70
(
1.5)
72
(
1.3)
65
(
1.7)
62
(
1.4)
13
(
1.0)
539
(
9.3)
32
(
0.9)
586
(
6.6)
25
(
0.9)
607
(
6.1)
30
(
1.1)
604
(
7.2)

Hungary
............................................
62
(
0.7)
65
(
0.8)
60
(
0.8)
63
(
0.9)
66
(
0.7)
56
(
0.8)
47
(
0.9)
4
(
0.4)
483
(
11.3)
33
(
1.1)
536
(
5.0)
22
(
0.9)
541
(
5.2)
41
(
1.3)
545
(
3.7)

Iceland
..............................................
50
(
1.1)
54
(
1.2)
51
(
1.4)
40
(
1.3)
63
(
1.1)
45
(
1.4)
38
(
1.4)
5
(
1.0)
450
(
12.0)
46
(
1.7)
501
(
5.1)
25
(
1.3)
489
(
5.4)
23
(
1.4)
477
(
7.3)

Iran,
Islamic
Republic
......................
38
(
0.6)
39
(
0.6)
43
(
0.8)
37
(
0.8)
41
(
0.6)
29
(
1.2)
36
(
0.8)
1
(
0.2)
 
 
5
(
0.5)
428
(
5.6)
12
(
1.0)
436
(
4.8)
82
(
1.3)
431
(
2.4)

Ireland
..............................................
59
(
1.2)
65
(
1.2)
51
(
1.3)
53
(
1.3)
69
(
1.1)
53
(
1.3)
51
(
1.2)
5
(
0.6)
465
(
8.8)
29
(
1.0)
517
(
5.3)
40
(
1.1)
547
(
5.5)
26
(
1.2)
533
(
5.7)

Israel
1
..............................................
57
(
1.3)
60
(
1.4)
57
(
1.4)
61
(
1.6)
63
(
1.3)
48
(
1.6)
43
(
1.6)
5
(
0.6)
539
(
10.9)
36
(
2.2)
546
(
6.3)
26
(
1.5)
521
(
6.8)
33
(
2.1)
502
(
6.3)

Japan
...............................................
73
(
0.4)
75
(
0.4)
80
(
0.4)
72
(
0.6)
78
(
0.4)
67
(
0.5)
61
(
0.5)
13
(
0.8)
578
(
5.3)
39
(
0.8)
607
(
2.6)
20
(
0.6)
609
(
4.0)
28
(
1.0)
612
(
2.7)

Korea
................................................
72
(
0.5)
74
(
0.5)
75
(
0.6)
69
(
0.6)
78
(
0.6)
66
(
0.7)
62
(
0.6)
15
(
0.9)
582
(
4.9)
32
(
1.1)
604
(
3.5)
25
(
0.8)
607
(
4.0)
29
(
1.2)
628
(
4.3)

Kuwait
1
............................................
30
(
0.7)
27
(
0.8)
38
(
1.0)
30
(
1.0)
38
(
1.0)
23
(
1.0)
21
(
0.7)
3
(
0.6)
358
(
10.3)
13
(
1.5)
401
(
5.5)
19
(
1.3)
397
(
5.1)
65
(
1.8)
392
(
2.0)

Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
1
51
(
0.8)
53
(
0.9)
57
(
0.8)
51
(
0.9)
56
(
0.8)
47
(
0.9)
39
(
0.9)
4
(
0.5)
467
(
9.4)
35
(
1.1)
507
(
4.4)
32
(
1.2)
497
(
4.9)
29
(
1.2)
487
(
3.4)

Lithuania
1
........................................
48
(
0.9)
51
(
1.0)
53
(
1.1)
47
(
1.2)
52
(
1.0)
43
(
0.9)
35
(
0.9)
5
(
0.6)
453
(
9.4)
39
(
1.4)
487
(
3.9)
28
(
1.0)
481
(
4.6)
28
(
1.4)
474
(
5.4)

Netherlands
1
....................................
60
(
1.6)
62
(
1.6)
59
(
1.8)
53
(
1.6)
72
(
1.7)
57
(
1.6)
51
(
1.9)
3
(
0.9)
492
(
16.2)
54
(
1.7)
539
(
9.0)
27
(
1.7)
562
(
7.0)
16
(
0.8)
524
(
6.0)

New
Zealand
....................................
54
(
1.0)
57
(
1.1)
54
(
1.1)
49
(
1.1)
66
(
1.0)
48
(
1.2)
42
(
1.0)
12
(
0.9)
472
(
5.6)
51
(
1.2)
519
(
4.7)
21
(
1.0)
518
(
6.1)
17
(
0.9)
495
(
5.6)

Norway
.............................................
54
(
0.5)
58
(
0.6)
51
(
0.6)
45
(
0.7)
66
(
0.6)
51
(
0.6)
40
(
0.6)
6
(
0.5)
481
(
6.8)
50
(
1.2)
514
(
2.9)
24
(
0.9)
510
(
3.6)
21
(
0.9)
483
(
3.6)

Portugal
............................................
43
(
0.7)
44
(
0.7)
44
(
0.8)
40
(
0.8)
54
(
0.7)
39
(
0.7)
32
(
0.8)
3
(
0.3)
458
(
8.1)
41
(
1.1)
463
(
3.1)
18
(
0.7)
455
(
3.3)
38
(
1.2)
448
(
3.0)

Romania
1
.........................................
49
(
1.0)
48
(
1.0)
52
(
0.9)
52
(
1.3)
49
(
1.0)
48
(
1.1)
42
(
1.2)
9
(
0.7)
459
(
10.4)
16
(
1.0)
464
(
7.0)
15
(
0.7)
481
(
5.4)
60
(
1.6)
494
(
4.2)

Russian
Federation
..........................
60
(
1.3)
62
(
1.2)
63
(
1.4)
63
(
1.5)
60
(
1.2)
56
(
1.5)
48
(
1.5)
4
(
0.5)
493
(
10.3)
33
(
1.1)
538
(
5.3)
25
(
1.0)
538
(
5.2)
38
(
1.4)
544
(
6.9)

Scotland
1
.........................................
52
(
1.3)
53
(
1.3)
52
(
1.4)
46
(
1.5)
65
(
1.3)
48
(
1.6)
40
(
1.4)
17
(
1.4)
461
(
4.8)
54
(
1.2)
506
(
5.7)
17
(
1.0)
517
(
8.6)
12
(
0.8)
503
(
7.4)

Singapore
.........................................
79
(
0.9)
84
(
0.8)
76
(
1.0)
76
(
1.1)
79
(
0.8)
77
(
1.0)
75
(
1.0)
2
(
0.3)
 
 
7
(
0.4)
642
(
8.0)
13
(
0.6)
652
(
6.6)
78
(
0.9)
643
(
4.9)

Slovak
Republic
...............................
62
(
0.8)
66
(
0.8)
63
(
0.8)
62
(
0.9)
62
(
0.7)
60
(
0.9)
49
(
1.0)
6
(
0.5)
549
(
8.3)
46
(
0.9)
556
(
3.9)
25
(
0.7)
548
(
4.4)
23
(
1.0)
532
(
4.1)

Slovenia
1
.........................................
61
(
0.7)
63
(
0.7)
60
(
0.9)
61
(
0.8)
66
(
0.7)
59
(
0.9)
49
(
0.8)
5
(
0.5)
551
(
9.8)
36
(
1.0)
561
(
4.1)
21
(
0.8)
537
(
4.8)
37
(
1.1)
523
(
3.4)

South
Africa
1
...................................
24
(
1.1)
26
(
1.4)
24
(
1.0)
23
(
1.1)
26
(
1.2)
18
(
1.1)
21
(
0.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
................................................
51
(
0.5)
52
(
0.5)
49
(
0.6)
54
(
0.8)
60
(
0.7)
44
(
0.7)
40
(
0.8)
3
(
0.4)
443
(
5.5)
26
(
1.0)
490
(
3.1)
18
(
0.9)
495
(
3.3)
53
(
1.3)
487
(
2.4)

Sweden
............................................
56
(
0.7)
62
(
0.8)
48
(
0.7)
44
(
0.9)
70
(
0.7)
56
(
0.9)
44
(
0.9)
7
(
0.6)
496
(
6.9)
55
(
1.2)
528
(
3.1)
17
(
0.8)
525
(
4.3)
21
(
0.9)
503
(
4.2)

Switzerland
1
....................................
62
(
0.6)
67
(
0.7)
60
(
0.8)
53
(
0.7)
72
(
0.7)
61
(
0.8)
52
(
0.7)
4
(
0.3)
523
(
7.9)
44
(
1.2)
556
(
3.4)
19
(
0.8)
548
(
5.1)
33
(
1.1)
536
(
4.0)

Thailand
1
.........................................
57
(
1.4)
60
(
1.5)
62
(
1.3)
53
(
1.7)
63
(
1.1)
50
(
1.4)
51
(
1.5)
3
(
0.3)
495
(
11.9)
26
(
1.0)
514
(
5.4)
18
(
0.7)
515
(
5.7)
54
(
1.5)
531
(
6.6)

United
States
...................................
53
(
1.1)
59
(
1.1)
48
(
1.2)
51
(
1.2)
65
(
1.1)
40
(
1.1)
42
(
1.1)
17
(
1.1)
471
(
7.2)
42
(
0.9)
514
(
4.2)
17
(
0.7)
507
(
5.5)
24
(
0.8)
498
(
5.9)

1
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
8th
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Middle
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.

Copyright
Ó
 
1996
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
456
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
398.
 
Instructional
practices
and
time
spent
teaching
mathematics
in
8th­
grade,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Percent
of
students
whose
teachers
report
using
each
organizational
approach
``
most
of
every
lesson''
Average
number
of
hours
mathematics
is
taught
weekly
to
mathematics
classes
Work
together
as
a
class
and
students
respond
to
one
another
Work
together
as
a
class
and
teacher
teaches
whole
class
Work
individually
with
assistance
from
teacher
Work
individually
without
assistance
from
teacher
Work
in
pairs
or
groups
with
assistance
from
teacher
Work
in
pairs
or
groups
without
assistance
from
teacher
Less
than
2
hours
At
least
2,
but
less
than
3.5
hours
At
least
3.5,
but
less
than
5
hours
5
hours
or
more
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Australia
1
.........................................
2
14
2
46
2
64
2
27
2
25
2
9
2
5
(
1.7)
528
(
19.5)
50
(
3.7)
518
(
6.2)
44
(
3.7)
552
(
7.6)
1
(
0.7)
 
 
Austria
1
............................................
2
6
2
52
2
51
2
23
2
19
2
7
2
0
(
0.0)
 
 
99
(
0.1)
549
(
4.1)
1
(
0.1)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Belgium
(
Flemish)
............................
10
59
57
36
6
5
3
0
(
0.0)
 
 
50
(
4.4)
572
(
5.6)
50
(
4.4)
603
(
5.4)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Belgium
(
French)
1
...........................
3
7
3
38
3
55
3
29
3
11
3
5
3
0
(
0.0)
 
 
3
(
1.8)
486
(
12.9)
83
(
4.2)
544
(
4.7)
14
(
3.8)
564
(
10.0)

Bulgaria
1
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
.............................................
2
12
37
57
2
25
2
28
2
14
3
(
1.2)
528
(
11.8)
31
(
3.8)
521
(
5.0)
50
(
3.6)
537
(
4.3)
17
(
3.1)
520
(
10.2)

Colombia
1
........................................
25
41
55
2
19
44
2
22
2
4
(
2.0)
389
(
8.2)
25
(
5.5)
367
(
8.8)
58
(
5.4)
397
(
3.9)
13
(
3.3)
390
(
8.2)

Cyprus
..............................................
2
13
2
61
2
73
2
23
2
26
2
9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Czech
Republic
................................
5
47
72
42
13
8
1
(
0.9)
 
 
6
(
2.0)
587
(
17.2)
90
(
2.7)
561
(
5.1)
3
(
1.6)
535
(
10.2)

Denmark
1
........................................
5
41
74
16
18
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
England
1
..........................................
3
19
3
46
3
57
3
25
3
14
3
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
France
..............................................
11
48
56
26
17
4
2
2
(
1.4)
 
 
10
(
3.2)
532
(
13.4)
87
(
3.3)
539
(
3.9)
2
(
1.3)
 
 
Germany
1
........................................
3
23
3
70
3
54
3
15
3
20
3
9
3
2
(
1.5)
 
 
85
(
3.1)
523
(
5.3)
12
(
2.9)
463
(
13.3)
1
(
0.9)
 
 
Greece
1
...........................................
4
58
60
18
14
3
4
(
1.7)
459
(
10.8)
88
(
2.8)
486
(
3.5)
3
(
1.6)
459
(
12.3)
4
(
1.6)
480
(
8.9)

Hong
Kong
.......................................
11
37
62
17
9
4
5
(
2.4)
612
(
47.4)
26
(
5.2)
590
(
19.5)
63
(
5.8)
590
(
7.6)
6
(
2.9)
567
(
30.1)

Hungary
............................................
11
60
65
22
7
1
0
(
0.0)
 
 
75
(
3.6)
538
(
3.9)
23
(
3.6)
536
(
7.0)
1
(
1.0)
 
 
Iceland
..............................................
2
2
2
39
2
82
2
38
2
32
2
17
2
0
(
0.0)
 
 
90
(
2.9)
492
(
5.3)
8
(
2.9)
467
(
3.5)
1
(
0.2)
 
 
Iran,
Islamic
Republic
......................
33
66
55
8
42
10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
..............................................
27
67
47
37
2
9
2
6
2
1
(
0.7)
 
 
86
(
3.7)
524
(
6.4)
12
(
3.4)
555
(
15.2)
1
(
1.1)
 
 
Israel
1
..............................................
2
70
2
65
2
35
2
68
2
51
2
62
2
6
(
4.1)
523
(
13.7)
41
(
8.0)
520
(
12.7)
47
(
8.1)
514
(
9.2)
6
(
3.7)
579
(
22.6)

Japan
...............................................
22
78
27
15
7
1
4
(
1.8)
607
(
24.3)
91
(
2.3)
602
(
2.7)
4
(
1.4)
649
(
18.5)
0
(
0.5)
 
 
Korea
................................................
39
89
41
30
12
11
1
(
0.7)
 
 
90
(
3.0)
610
(
2.8)
5
(
1.8)
608
(
13.8)
5
(
2.3)
604
(
19.5)

Kuwait
1
............................................
3
34
48
14
7
5
2
(
1.6)
 
 
21
(
6.5)
396
(
6.8)
76
(
6.6)
391
(
2.3)
1
(
1.0)
 
 
Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
1
24
86
90
2
55
28
2
11
1
(
0.5)
 
 
30
(
4.8)
491
(
5.8)
62
(
5.3)
492
(
4.3)
8
(
2.6)
489
(
15.0)

Lithuania
1
........................................
10
55
72
25
32
10
1
(
0.8)
 
 
61
(
4.1)
482
(
5.0)
29
(
3.9)
481
(
7.5)
9
(
2.3)
448
(
13.8)

Netherlands
1
....................................
7
56
65
38
49
34
3
(
1.9)
529
(
54.2)
97
(
1.9)
542
(
8.1)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
New
Zealand
....................................
19
52
63
28
25
14
5
(
1.8)
484
(
11.6)
42
(
4.3)
514
(
7.1)
50
(
4.3)
507
(
6.4)
3
(
1.5)
503
(
27.3)

Norway
.............................................
2
17
2
58
2
71
4
4
2
36
4
6
2
7
(
2.6)
502
(
5.0)
80
(
3.9)
508
(
3.1)
8
(
2.8)
502
(
7.7)
5
(
2.1)
513
(
7.7)

Portugal
............................................
10
67
69
5
50
4
1
(
0.8)
 
 
89
(
2.9)
455
(
2.7)
10
(
2.8)
452
(
7.8)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Romania
1
.........................................
12
86
56
19
18
3
8
(
2.6)
497
(
17.6)
80
(
3.4)
481
(
5.0)
9
(
2.5)
482
(
12.4)
2
(
0.6)
 
 
Russian
Federation
..........................
6
66
65
37
22
13
0
(
0.0)
 
 
17
(
3.6)
519
(
8.6)
70
(
5.6)
533
(
5.1)
14
(
4.8)
567
(
18.0)

Scotland
1
.........................................
2
5
2
34
2
62
2
28
2
7
2
3
5
(
2.0)
473
(
14.7)
35
(
4.4)
500
(
11.6)
60
(
4.6)
494
(
7.1)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Singapore
.........................................
15
61
48
27
20
6
0
(
0.0)
 
 
52
(
4.7)
654
(
6.9)
48
(
4.7)
633
(
7.6)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Slovak
Republic
...............................
35
47
50
31
8
7
0
(
0.0)
 
 
2
(
1.3)
 
 
86
(
3.0)
544
(
3.2)
11
(
2.9)
561
(
11.0)

Slovenia
1
.........................................
2
11
2
60
2
87
2
34
2
40
2
11
2
0
(
0.0)
 
 
87
(
3.4)
542
(
4.0)
12
(
3.3)
525
(
9.5)
1
(
0.8)
 
 
South
Africa
1
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
................................................
2
15
2
68
2
58
2
24
2
15
2
10
2
2
(
1.1)
 
 
28
(
4.0)
480
(
5.5)
62
(
4.7)
490
(
3.6)
8
(
2.6)
494
(
9.2)

Sweden
............................................
2
24
2
50
2
72
2
1
2
43
2
5
2
3
(
1.2)
506
(
24.2)
97
(
1.3)
520
(
3.2)
0
(
0.4)
 
 
0
(
0.3)
 
 
Switzerland
1
....................................
3
4
3
48
3
61
3
25
3
35
3
20
3
2
(
1.4)
 
 
14
(
3.4)
520
(
17.8)
71
(
3.5)
557
(
6.5)
13
(
3.0)
566
(
12.4)

Thailand
1
.........................................
2
19
3
58
2
41
2
18
2
22
2
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United
States
...................................
2
22
2
49
2
50
2
19
2
26
2
12
3
8
(
1.4)
492
(
26.2)
24
(
3.4)
501
(
9.9)
58
(
4.4)
507
(
5.4)
11
(
2.8)
498
(
10.0)

1
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications

2
Teacher
response
data
available
for
70
to
84
percent
of
students.

3
Teacher
response
data
available
for
50
to
69
percent
of
students.

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
8th
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Middle
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.

Copyright
Ó
 
1996
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
457
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
399.
 
Average
8th­
grade
science
scores
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
studying
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Average
percent
correct
by
content
area
Distribution
of
daily
out­
of­
school
study
time
in
all
subjects,
with
mean
science
scores
Overall
science
scores
Earth
science
Life
science
Physics
Chemistry
Environmental
issues
and
the
nature
of
science
Less
than
1
hour
At
least
1,
but
less
than
2
hours
2
to
3
hours
More
than
3
hours
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
International
average
percent
correct
...........................
56
(
0.1)
55
(
0.1)
59
(
0.1)
55
(
0.1)
51
(
0.2)
53
(
0.2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Australia
1
.........................................
60
(
0.7)
57
(
0.8)
63
(
0.8)
60
(
0.7)
54
(
0.9)
62
(
1.0)
15
(
0.9)
505
(
6.9)
46
(
1.0)
556
(
4.1)
22
(
0.6)
557
(
4.9)
17
(
0.7)
546
(
5.0)

Austria
1
............................................
61
(
0.7)
62
(
0.8)
65
(
0.7)
62
(
0.7)
58
(
1.1)
55
(
0.9)
9
(
0.8)
551
(
9.9)
46
(
1.3)
563
(
4.8)
21
(
0.9)
561
(
5.0)
24
(
1.2)
553
(
4.8)

Belgium
(
Flemish)
............................
60
(
1.1)
62
(
1.2)
64
(
1.1)
61
(
1.1)
51
(
1.3)
58
(
1.5)
2
(
0.4)
 
 
25
(
1.3)
545
(
5.0)
28
(
1.1)
562
(
5.9)
45
(
1.6)
547
(
3.6)

Belgium
(
French)
1
...........................
50
(
0.7)
50
(
0.9)
55
(
0.9)
51
(
0.7)
41
(
0.8)
46
(
1.0)
7
(
0.8)
428
(
6.9)
32
(
1.0)
481
(
4.7)
21
(
1.3)
481
(
4.5)
40
(
1.5)
467
(
4.0)

Bulgaria
1
..........................................
62
(
1.0)
58
(
1.2)
64
(
1.0)
60
(
1.0)
65
(
1.7)
59
(
1.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
.............................................
59
(
0.5)
58
(
0.6)
62
(
0.6)
59
(
0.4)
52
(
0.7)
61
(
0.7)
14
(
1.2)
524
(
6.1)
47
(
1.1)
541
(
2.8)
18
(
0.7)
531
(
3.9)
21
(
1.1)
517
(
3.6)

Colombia
1
........................................
39
(
0.8)
37
(
0.8)
44
(
0.9)
37
(
0.8)
32
(
1.0)
40
(
1.1)
2
(
0.4)
 
 
17
(
1.1)
421
(
5.3)
20
(
1.2)
422
(
4.9)
61
(
1.9)
413
(
5.8)

Cyprus
..............................................
47
(
0.4)
46
(
0.6)
49
(
0.5)
46
(
0.4)
45
(
0.6)
46
(
0.8)
9
(
0.5)
430
(
7.0)
19
(
0.7)
468
(
4.4)
26
(
0.8)
475
(
3.4)
46
(
0.9)
466
(
2.9)

Czech
Republic
................................
64
(
0.8)
63
(
1.2)
69
(
0.8)
64
(
0.7)
60
(
1.2)
59
(
1.1)
13
(
1.1)
558
(
9.0)
57
(
1.1)
579
(
3.9)
17
(
0.9)
582
(
7.2)
13
(
0.8)
560
(
6.4)

Denmark
1
........................................
51
(
0.6)
49
(
0.7)
56
(
0.7)
53
(
0.7)
41
(
0.8)
47
(
1.0)
39
(
1.6)
494
(
4.4)
39
(
1.4)
479
(
4.1)
13
(
0.8)
459
(
5.5)
9
(
0.7)
457
(
6.8)

England
1
..........................................
61
(
0.6)
59
(
0.8)
64
(
0.8)
62
(
0.6)
55
(
0.8)
65
(
1.0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
France
..............................................
54
(
0.6)
55
(
0.8)
56
(
0.8)
54
(
0.5)
47
(
0.9)
53
(
0.9)
8
(
0.7)
481
(
6.8)
33
(
1.2)
497
(
3.3)
28
(
1.0)
506
(
4.0)
31
(
1.2)
499
(
3.4)

Germany
1
........................................
58
(
1.0)
57
(
1.0)
63
(
1.1)
57
(
1.0)
54
(
1.3)
51
(
1.3)
14
(
1.1)
505
(
8.2)
51
(
1.2)
541
(
4.6)
18
(
1.0)
544
(
7.0)
17
(
0.9)
525
(
6.5)

Greece
1
...........................................
52
(
0.5)
49
(
0.6)
54
(
0.6)
53
(
0.5)
51
(
0.5)
51
(
1.0)
6
(
0.6)
473
(
4.8)
14
(
0.7)
497
(
5.0)
21
(
0.7)
500
(
3.1)
59
(
1.2)
502
(
2.5)

Hong
Kong
.......................................
58
(
1.0)
54
(
1.0)
61
(
1.0)
58
(
0.9)
55
(
1.0)
55
(
1.3)
13
(
1.0)
489
(
7.3)
32
(
0.9)
519
(
4.7)
25
(
0.9)
534
(
4.8)
30
(
1.1)
534
(
5.2)

Hungary
............................................
61
(
0.6)
60
(
0.8)
65
(
0.7)
60
(
0.6)
60
(
0.8)
53
(
0.8)
4
(
0.4)
519
(
10.0)
33
(
1.1)
553
(
4.4)
22
(
0.9)
557
(
5.6)
41
(
1.3)
557
(
3.0)

Iceland
..............................................
52
(
0.9)
50
(
1.2)
58
(
1.0)
53
(
0.9)
42
(
0.8)
49
(
1.0)
5
(
1.0)
470
(
8.7)
46
(
1.7)
505
(
5.6)
25
(
1.3)
493
(
4.5)
23
(
1.4)
488
(
7.5)

Iran,
Islamic
Republic
......................
47
(
0.6)
45
(
0.6)
49
(
0.6)
48
(
0.7)
52
(
0.8)
39
(
1.1)
1
(
0.2)
 
 
5
(
0.5)
476
(
6.0)
12
(
1.0)
479
(
5.2)
82
(
1.3)
471
(
2.7)

Ireland
..............................................
58
(
0.9)
61
(
1.0)
60
(
1.1)
56
(
0.8)
54
(
1.0)
60
(
1.1)
5
(
0.6)
475
(
9.0)
29
(
1.0)
529
(
5.4)
40
(
1.1)
550
(
4.7)
26
(
1.2)
550
(
4.9)

Israel
1
..............................................
57
(
1.1)
55
(
1.1)
61
(
1.1)
57
(
1.1)
53
(
1.5)
52
(
1.6)
5
(
0.6)
532
(
13.5)
36
(
2.2)
555
(
7.7)
26
(
1.5)
523
(
6.9)
33
(
2.1)
505
(
5.2)

Japan
...............................................
65
(
0.3)
61
(
0.4)
71
(
0.4)
67
(
0.3)
61
(
0.5)
60
(
0.7)
13
(
0.8)
551
(
4.4)
39
(
0.8)
573
(
2.2)
20
(
0.6)
572
(
3.0)
28
(
1.0)
577
(
2.4)

Korea
................................................
66
(
0.3)
63
(
0.5)
70
(
0.4)
65
(
0.5)
63
(
0.6)
64
(
0.8)
15
(
0.9)
544
(
5.0)
32
(
1.1)
564
(
2.9)
25
(
0.8)
562
(
3.1)
29
(
1.2)
581
(
3.7)

Kuwait
1
............................................
43
(
0.9)
43
(
1.0)
45
(
1.1)
43
(
0.7)
40
(
1.5)
39
(
1.3)
3
(
0.6)
400
(
10.4)
13
(
1.5)
436
(
7.8)
19
(
1.3)
432
(
7.1)
65
(
1.8)
431
(
3.4)

Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
1
50
(
0.6)
48
(
0.8)
53
(
0.7)
51
(
0.7)
48
(
0.8)
47
(
1.0)
4
(
0.5)
468
(
8.5)
35
(
1.1)
492
(
4.1)
32
(
1.2)
490
(
4.1)
29
(
1.2)
481
(
3.0)

Lithuania
1
........................................
49
(
0.7)
46
(
0.9)
52
(
0.9)
51
(
0.7)
48
(
0.9)
40
(
1.0)
5
(
0.6)
457
(
9.1)
39
(
1.4)
484
(
4.5)
28
(
1.0)
483
(
3.8)
28
(
1.4)
472
(
4.7)

Netherlands
1
....................................
62
(
1.0)
61
(
1.4)
67
(
1.4)
63
(
0.9)
52
(
0.9)
65
(
1.6)
3
(
0.9)
519
(
17.1)
54
(
1.7)
559
(
6.1)
27
(
1.7)
578
(
5.4)
16
(
0.8)
545
(
5.7)

New
Zealand
....................................
58
(
0.8)
56
(
0.9)
60
(
1.0)
58
(
0.7)
53
(
1.1)
59
(
1.2)
12
(
0.9)
488
(
7.6)
51
(
1.2)
536
(
4.6)
21
(
1.0)
537
(
5.7)
17
(
0.9)
516
(
5.7)

Norway
.............................................
58
(
0.4)
61
(
0.6)
61
(
0.5)
57
(
0.4)
49
(
0.6)
55
(
0.8)
6
(
0.5)
501
(
7.3)
50
(
1.2)
533
(
2.5)
24
(
0.9)
536
(
3.4)
21
(
0.9)
516
(
3.7)

Portugal
............................................
50
(
0.6)
50
(
0.7)
53
(
0.6)
48
(
0.5)
50
(
0.9)
45
(
0.8)
3
(
0.3)
465
(
8.8)
41
(
1.1)
488
(
2.9)
18
(
0.7)
478
(
4.1)
38
(
1.2)
474
(
2.8)

Romania
1
.........................................
50
(
0.8)
49
(
1.0)
55
(
1.0)
49
(
0.8)
46
(
1.0)
42
(
1.0)
9
(
0.7)
460
(
11.7)
16
(
1.0)
468
(
7.0)
15
(
0.7)
487
(
5.7)
60
(
1.6)
499
(
5.2)

Russian
Federation
..........................
58
(
0.8)
58
(
0.8)
62
(
0.7)
57
(
0.9)
57
(
1.3)
50
(
0.8)
4
(
0.5)
511
(
10.1)
33
(
1.1)
542
(
4.4)
25
(
1.0)
538
(
4.4)
38
(
1.4)
543
(
4.6)

Scotland
1
.........................................
55
(
1.0)
52
(
1.0)
57
(
1.1)
57
(
0.8)
51
(
1.3)
57
(
1.4)
17
(
1.4)
470
(
5.3)
54
(
1.2)
526
(
5.1)
17
(
1.0)
537
(
8.5)
12
(
0.8)
532
(
6.5)

Singapore
.........................................
70
(
1.0)
65
(
1.1)
72
(
1.0)
69
(
0.8)
69
(
1.2)
74
(
1.1)
2
(
0.3)
 
 
7
(
0.4)
604
(
8.4)
13
(
0.6)
617
(
7.3)
78
(
0.9)
607
(
5.4)

Slovak
Republic
...............................
59
(
0.6)
60
(
0.7)
60
(
0.6)
61
(
0.6)
57
(
0.8)
53
(
0.9)
6
(
0.5)
551
(
7.1)
46
(
0.9)
552
(
3.7)
25
(
0.7)
541
(
3.8)
23
(
1.0)
536
(
4.7)

Slovenia
1
.........................................
62
(
0.5)
64
(
0.7)
65
(
0.6)
61
(
0.6)
56
(
0.9)
59
(
0.9)
5
(
0.5)
559
(
9.2)
36
(
1.0)
580
(
3.5)
21
(
0.8)
557
(
3.2)
37
(
1.1)
544
(
3.3)

South
Africa
1
...................................
27
(
1.3)
26
(
1.1)
27
(
1.3)
27
(
1.4)
26
(
1.4)
26
(
1.3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
................................................
56
(
0.4)
57
(
0.5)
58
(
0.5)
55
(
0.4)
51
(
0.7)
53
(
0.6)
3
(
0.4)
482
(
7.9)
26
(
1.0)
522
(
2.8)
18
(
0.9)
522
(
3.5)
53
(
1.3)
516
(
2.2)

Sweden
............................................
59
(
0.6)
62
(
0.7)
63
(
0.7)
57
(
0.5)
56
(
0.7)
52
(
0.8)
7
(
0.6)
520
(
6.0)
55
(
1.2)
544
(
3.2)
17
(
0.8)
539
(
4.9)
21
(
0.9)
523
(
4.9)

Switzerland
1
....................................
56
(
0.5)
58
(
0.6)
59
(
0.6)
58
(
0.5)
50
(
0.7)
51
(
0.8)
4
(
0.3)
500
(
8.3)
44
(
1.2)
530
(
3.1)
19
(
0.8)
526
(
6.2)
33
(
1.1)
514
(
3.5)

Thailand
1
.........................................
57
(
0.9)
56
(
1.0)
66
(
0.9)
54
(
0.7)
43
(
1.2)
62
(
1.1)
3
(
0.3)
510
(
8.8)
26
(
1.0)
520
(
4.0)
18
(
0.7)
519
(
4.3)
54
(
1.5)
532
(
4.1)

United
States
...................................
58
(
1.0)
58
(
1.0)
63
(
1.1)
56
(
0.8)
53
(
1.2)
61
(
1.0)
17
(
1.1)
507
(
9.5)
42
(
0.9)
548
(
4.1)
17
(
0.7)
541
(
5.2)
24
(
0.8)
533
(
5.7)

1
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
8th
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Science
Achievement
in
the
Middle
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.
Copyright
Ó
 
1996
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
458
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
400.
 
Instructional
practices
and
time
spent
teaching
science
in
8th­
grade,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Percent
of
students
whose
teachers
report
using
each
organizational
approach
``
most
of
every
lesson''
Average
number
of
hours
science
is
taught
weekly
to
science
classes
Work
together
as
a
class
and
students
respond
to
one
another
Work
together
as
a
class
and
teacher
teaches
whole
class
Work
individually
with
assistance
from
teacher
Work
individually
without
assistance
from
teacher
Work
in
pairs
or
groups
with
assistance
from
teacher
Work
in
pairs
or
groups
without
assistance
from
teacher
Less
than
2
hours
At
least
2,
but
less
than
3.5
hours
At
least
3.5,
but
less
than
5
hours
5
hours
or
more
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Australia
1
.........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Austria
1
............................................
2
3
2
65
2
13
2
3
2
18
2
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belgium
(
Flemish)
............................
2
11
2
62
2
19
2
6
2
13
2
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Belgium
(
French)
1
...........................
3
11
3
53
3
24
3
8
3
8
3
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bulgaria
1
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
.............................................
3
17
2
28
2
26
2
23
2
33
3
24
2
11
(
2.1)
512
(
8.9)
69
(
3.9)
540
(
3.8)
11
(
2.5)
528
(
5.5)
8
(
2.1)
517
(
10.3)

Colombia
1
........................................
2
33
2
48
2
55
2
10
2
43
2
13
2
6
(
2.3)
416
(
4.5)
75
(
4.2)
415
(
5.6)
13
(
3.2)
404
(
5.5)
6
(
2.4)
403
(
18.6)

Cyprus
..............................................
3
3
3
74
3
35
3
3
3
17
3
6
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Czech
Republic
................................
11
70
2
46
15
14
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denmark
1
........................................
3
2
3
22
3
25
3
3
3
46
3
13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
England
1
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
France
..............................................
16
57
34
16
27
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Germany
1
........................................
3
30
3
69
3
28
3
7
3
19
3
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greece
1
...........................................
3
67
45
10
13
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hong
Kong
.......................................
12
45
35
2
44
13
7
(
2.3)
492
(
29.9)
82
(
3.9)
526
(
5.3)
9
(
3.3)
518
(
8.6)
2
(
1.6)
 
 
Hungary
............................................
7
80
54
13
11
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Iceland
..............................................
3
1
2
35
2
30
2
9
2
16
2
6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Iran,
Islamic
Republic
......................
25
57
36
2
25
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
..............................................
3
7
3
62
3
25
3
6
3
20
3
6
3
4
(
1.9)
578
(
16.5)
94
(
2.1)
540
(
6.2)
2
(
0.8)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Israel
1
..............................................
3
17
2
41
2
30
2
15
2
32
2
18
3
19
(
7.9)
547
(
19.6)
77
(
7.2)
520
(
9.1)
4
(
3.5)
529
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Japan
...............................................
19
79
12
8
12
6
5
(
1.6)
618
(
15.2)
94
(
1.7)
569
(
1.5)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
1
(
0.6)
 
 
Korea
................................................
34
83
28
8
15
3
43
(
2.9)
569
(
3.3)
51
(
3.2)
561
(
3.1)
1
(
0.8)
 
 
5
(
2.3)
568
(
12.7)

Kuwait
1
............................................
2
9
2
46
2
45
2
0
2
36
2
2
2
3
(
2.6)
409
(
1.9)
97
(
2.6)
426
(
4.4)
1
(
0.5)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
1
325
3
84
3
59
3
32
3
24
3
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lithuania
1
........................................
2
16
2
60
2
57
2
22
2
26
2
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Netherlands
1
....................................
2
5
2
63
2
36
2
23
2
25
2
18
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New
Zealand
....................................
15
41
33
26
44
20
1
(
0.9)
 
 
52
(
4.1)
527
(
6.3)
47
(
4.2)
525
(
6.6)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Norway
.............................................
3
24
3
62
3
23
3
1
3
23
3
4
3
27
(
4.9)
526
(
3.0)
73
(
4.9)
524
(
2.6)
1
(
0.6)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Portugal
............................................
14
66
54
3
54
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Romania
1
.........................................
15
86
47
8
27
2
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Russian
Federation
..........................
9
68
43
21
13
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland
1
.........................................
3
7
3
22
3
27
3
11
3
56
3
19
3
14
(
3.1)
538
(
23.4)
83
(
3.6)
519
(
4.8)
3
(
1.7)
488
(
22.5)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Singapore
.........................................
12
59
41
17
40
19
0
(
0.0)
 
 
24
(
4.4)
618
(
14.6)
76
(
4.4)
603
(
6.0)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Slovak
Republic
...............................
2
48
2
64
2
45
2
15
2
3
2
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Slovenia
1
.........................................
2
7
2
65
2
57
2
19
2
34
2
13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
South
Africa
1
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
................................................
2
14
2
65
2
46
2
14
2
18
2
7
2
5
(
2.6)
532
(
2.5)
84
(
3.9)
518
(
2.1)
11
(
3.0)
502
(
9.4)
1
(
0.7)
 
 
Switzerland
1
....................................
3
3
3
56
3
21
3
6
3
30
8
3
41
(
4.7)
532
(
6.6)
37
(
4.4)
524
(
8.4)
9
(
3.1)
486
(
13.7)
13
(
3.5)
519
(
15.6)

Thailand
1
.........................................
2
16
2
38
2
33
2
10
2
32
2
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United
States
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications

2
Teacher
response
data
available
for
70
to
84
percent
of
students.

3
Teacher
response
available
for
50
to
69
percent
of
students.

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
8th
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Science
Achievement
in
the
Middle
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.
Copyright
Ó
 
1996
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
459
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
401.
 
Average
size
of
8th­
grade
mathematics
classes,
and
frequency
teachers
assign
mathematics
homework,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Average
size
of
mathematics
classes
Percent
of
students,
by
frequency
and
average
length
of
mathematics
assignments
1
to
20
students
21
to
30
students
31
to
40
students
41
or
more
students
Never
assigning
homework
Assigning
homework
less
than
once
a
week
Assigning
homework
once
or
twice
a
week
Assigning
homework
3
or
more
times
a
week
30
minutes
or
less
More
than
30
minutes
30
minutes
or
less
More
than
30
minutes
30
minutes
or
less
More
than
30
minutes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Australia
1
.........................................
2
13
(
2.4)
71
(
3.3)
16
(
2.6)
1
(
0.5)
2
1
(
0.8)
6
(
1.6)
0
(
0.2)
21
(
2.6)
4
(
1.9)
62
(
3.4)
5
(
1.7)
Austria
1
............................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.5)
0
(
0.0)
24
(
4.4)
3
(
1.4)
63
(
5.0)
10
(
2.1)
Belgium
(
Flemish)
............................
49
(
3.6)
51
(
3.6)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
17
(
3.5)
2
(
1.1)
52
(
4.8)
10
(
2.6)
15
(
2.9)
5
(
2.1)
Belgium
(
French)
1
...........................
3
43
(
5.3)
57
(
5.3)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
1.2)
2
(
1.4)
0
(
0.0)
30
(
5.1)
5
(
2.2)
55
(
5.5)
7
(
2.8)
Bulgaria
1
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
.............................................
2
11
(
2.1)
65
(
4.0)
23
(
3.6)
1
(
0.5)
2
2
(
1.1)
2
(
0.9)
1
(
0.7)
22
(
3.4)
2
(
0.9)
59
(
3.7)
13
(
2.7)
Colombia
1
........................................
2
16
(
4.2)
6
(
2.2)
29
(
4.0)
48
(
4.6)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.9)
1
(
0.8)
17
(
4.7)
13
(
2.9)
29
(
4.2)
39
(
4.2)
Cyprus
..............................................
1
(
0.0)
37
(
3.9)
62
(
3.9)
0
(
0.0)
2
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
50
(
5.3)
50
(
5.3)
Czech
Republic
................................
13
(
3.3)
77
(
5.3)
11
(
4.5)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.4)
14
(
4.5)
0
(
0.0)
62
(
5.2)
0
(
0.3)
23
(
3.5)
1
(
0.6)
Denmark
1
.........................................
2
49
(
4.8)
51
(
4.8)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
4
(
1.8)
0
(
0.0)
42
(
4.7)
3
(
1.6)
49
(
5.2)
2
(
1.0)

England
1
..........................................
3
18
(
3.1)
62
(
3.7)
20
(
3.4)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
3
(
1.0)
1
(
0.6)
44
(
3.8)
47
(
3.7)
3
(
1.4)
2
(
1.1)
France
..............................................
11
(
2.6)
86
(
2.9)
3
(
1.8)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
2
(
0.9)
7
(
2.5)
4
(
1.2)
77
(
3.9)
10
(
2.8)
Germany
1
........................................
3
25
(
4.4)
72
(
4.5)
3
(
1.8)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
1.4)
1
(
1.4)
0
(
0.0)
22
(
4.4)
0
(
0.0)
73
(
5.0)
3
(
1.8)
Greece
1
...........................................
9
(
2.3)
64
(
4.4)
27
(
3.9)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.9)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.2)
31
(
3.4)
67
(
3.5)
Hong
Kong
.......................................
3
(
1.9)
4
(
2.2)
56
(
5.7)
37
(
5.9)
1
(
1.4)
4
(
2.2)
3
(
1.8)
25
(
4.7)
15
(
4.1)
38
(
6.0)
14
(
4.1)

Hungary
............................................
37
(
4.0)
57
(
4.1)
6
(
2.2)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.7)
0
(
0.0)
2
(
1.3)
0
(
0.0)
82
(
3.0)
15
(
3.1)
Iceland
..............................................
2
36
(
5.9)
64
(
5.9)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
5
(
2.0)
1
(
1.0)
75
(
5.5)
19
(
5.5)
Iran,
Islamic
Republic
.......................
2
1
(
0.9)
26
(
4.5)
54
(
5.3)
19
(
4.4)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.5)
3
(
1.4)
10
(
3.0)
59
(
4.4)
2
(
1.1)
26
(
4.3)
Ireland
..............................................
2
12
(
2.7)
68
(
4.5)
20
(
3.9)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.9)
0
(
0.0)
94
(
2.2)
5
(
2.0)
Israel
1
..............................................
2
14
(
5.1)
36
(
7.4)
49
(
9.1)
2
(
1.6)
2
0
(
0.0)
1
(
1.2)
0
(
0.0)
3
(
2.2)
0
(
0.0)
48
(
7.1)
48
(
6.8)

Japan
................................................
0
(
0.2)
4
(
1.4)
88
(
2.0)
8
(
1.5)
0
(
0.0)
27
(
4.0)
4
(
1.7)
37
(
3.7)
10
(
2.3)
16
(
2.9)
6
(
1.5)
Korea
................................................
2
(
1.2)
1
(
1.0)
4
(
1.5)
93
(
2.0)
0
(
0.0)
5
(
1.6)
8
(
2.2)
27
(
3.7)
21
(
3.3)
21
(
3.2)
18
(
3.4)
Kuwait
1
............................................
0
(
0.0)
49
(
6.5)
49
(
6.3)
2
(
1.9)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
19
(
6.1)
2
(
2.0)
60
(
8.3)
18
(
6.0)
Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
1
241
(
4.0)
51
(
3.8)
4
(
2.1)
4
(
2.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
8
(
2.8)
1
(
0.9)
83
(
3.9)
9
(
2.4)
Lithuania
1
.........................................
2
43
(
3.8)
54
(
3.7)
3
(
1.6)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
2
(
1.3)
0
(
0.0)
76
(
3.9)
22
(
3.9)

Netherlands
1
....................................
16
(
4.7)
77
(
5.6)
7
(
3.6)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
1.2)
1
(
0.9)
0
(
0.0)
12
(
3.5)
2
(
1.4)
81
(
4.2)
4
(
2.2)
New
Zealand
....................................
11
(
2.2)
68
(
3.8)
21
(
3.1)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
5
(
1.9)
2
(
0.1)
34
(
4.3)
4
(
1.5)
54
(
4.2)
2
(
1.2)
Norway
.............................................
2
20
(
3.5)
79
(
3.7)
1
(
0.5)
1
(
0.8)
2
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
7
(
2.7)
8
(
2.7)
67
(
4.3)
18
(
4.0)
Portugal
............................................
12
(
2.8)
80
(
3.7)
7
(
2.6)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.9)
1
(
0.5)
30
(
4.0)
2
(
1.1)
57
(
4.1)
9
(
2.4)
Romania
1
.........................................
23
(
2.7)
51
(
4.3)
24
(
4.1)
2
(
1.2)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.8)
1
(
0.6)
11
(
2.8)
87
(
2.8)

Russian
Federation
..........................
15
(
2.7)
75
(
3.6)
9
(
2.3)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
2
(
0.9)
1
(
0.8)
42
(
3.5)
55
(
3.4)
Scotland
1
.........................................
2
12
(
2.8)
80
(
3.8)
8
(
2.7)
0
(
0.0)
2
0
(
0.4)
20
(
4.3)
4
(
2.0)
46
(
5.1)
6
(
2.3)
24
(
4.1)
0
(
0.0)
Singapore
.........................................
1
(
0.7)
10
(
2.5)
72
(
4.3)
18
(
4.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.9)
0
(
0.0)
3
(
1.5)
11
(
3.1)
26
(
4.1)
58
(
4.5)
Slovak
Republic
...............................
15
(
2.8)
67
(
4.2)
19
(
3.6)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.9)
0
(
0.0)
12
(
2.8)
1
(
0.7)
83
(
3.4)
4
(
1.7)
Slovenia
1
.........................................
2
15
(
3.1)
80
(
3.6)
5
(
1.8)
0
(
0.0)
2
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
2
(
1.4)
0
(
0.0)
74
(
4.4)
24
(
4.2)

South
Africa
1
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
................................................
2
13
(
2.8)
48
(
4.0)
36
(
4.2)
4
(
1.7)
2
0
(
0.0)
4
(
1.6)
0
(
0.0)
18
(
3.3)
9
(
2.7)
47
(
4.4)
22
(
3.7)
Sweden
............................................
2
36
(
3.9)
61
(
4.0)
2
(
1.2)
0
(
0.0)
2
0
(
0.4)
19
(
3.0)
7
(
1.9)
45
(
4.0)
26
(
3.3)
2
(
1.2)
1
(
1.2)
Switzerland
1
.....................................
3
56
(
4.5)
44
(
4.5)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
1
(
0.4)
1
(
0.3)
26
(
4.2)
4
(
1.5)
61
(
4.4)
6
(
2.3)
Thailand
1
.........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
0
(
0.0)
6
(
3.5)
20
(
4.8)
16
(
4.7)
58
(
6.6)

United
States
....................................
3
24
(
3.0)
59
(
3.9)
12
(
2.2)
4
(
1.8)
2
0
(
0.1)
3
(
1.3)
0
(
0.0)
7
(
1.8)
3
(
0.9)
64
(
2.9)
23
(
3.1)

1
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications.

2
Teacher
response
data
available
for
70
to
84
percent
of
students.

3
Teacher
response
data
available
for
50
to
69
percent
of
students.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
8th
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Middle
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.
Copyright
Ó
 
1996
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
460
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
402.
 
Eighth­
grade
students'
perceptions
about
mathematics
achievement
and
hours
spent
on
leisure
activities,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Students'
self­
perceptions
about
usually
doing
well
in
mathematics
Average
hours
each
day
Strongly
disagree
Disagree
Agree
Strongly
agree
Watching
TV
or
videos
Playing
or
talking
with
friends
Doing
jobs
at
home
Playing
sports
Reading
for
enjoyment
Playing
computer
games
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Australia
1
.........................................
3
(
0.3)
457
(
7.9)
17
(
0.7)
487
(
5.6)
60
(
0.8)
530
(
3.9)
20
(
0.9)
586
(
4.7)
2.4
(
0.05)
1.4
(
0.03)
0.9
(
0.02)
1.6
(
0.03)
0.6
(
0.02)
0.6
(
0.02)

Austria
1
............................................
3
(
0.4)
512
(
10.1)
21
(
1.1)
508
(
5.4)
45
(
1.2)
535
(
4.0)
31
(
1.4)
572
(
4.3)
1.9
(
0.06)
2.9
(
0.08)
0.8
(
0.03)
1.9
(
0.07)
0.8
(
0.03)
0.6
(
0.03)

Belgium
(
Flemish)
............................
5
(
0.4)
512
(
6.7)
29
(
1.0)
548
(
5.9)
48
(
1.1)
567
(
6.4)
17
(
0.9)
609
(
7.2)
2.0
(
0.05)
1.6
(
0.05)
1.1
(
0.03)
1.8
(
0.07)
0.7
(
0.03)
0.5
(
0.06)

Belgium
(
French)
1
...........................
3
(
0.4)
467
(
7.8)
19
(
1.3)
505
(
5.4)
48
(
1.3)
528
(
3.8)
29
(
1.5)
550
(
5.0)
1.9
(
0.08)
1.7
(
0.10)
0.8
(
0.03)
1.8
(
0.04)
0.8
(
0.03)
0.7
(
0.03)

Bulgaria
1
..........................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
.............................................
3
(
0.3)
480
(
9.0)
13
(
0.6)
480
(
4.9)
49
(
1.1)
514
(
2.3)
35
(
1.1)
570
(
3.4)
2.3
(
0.04)
2.2
(
0.05)
1.0
(
0.02)
1.9
(
0.03)
0.8
(
0.02)
0.5
(
0.02)

Colombia
1
........................................
2
(
0.4)
 
 
17
(
1.3)
373
(
3.7)
51
(
1.9)
385
(
4.6)
30
(
1.4)
398
(
5.3)
2.2
(
0.07)
1.9
(
0.06)
2.3
(
0.07)
1.9
(
0.06)
0.9
(
0.05)
2
0.4
(
0.06)

Cyprus
..............................................
5
(
0.4)
411
(
7.6)
18
(
0.8)
432
(
3.7)
46
(
1.0)
469
(
2.6)
31
(
1.0)
521
(
4.4)
2.3
(
0.04)
1.7
(
0.04)
1.0
(
0.03)
1.4
(
0.04)
0.8
(
0.02)
0.8
(
0.03)

Czech
Republic
................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
37
(
1.4)
516
(
4.2)
48
(
1.4)
584
(
5.2)
13
(
1.0)
640
(
8.0)
2.6
(
0.05)
2.9
(
0.09)
1.3
(
0.04)
1.9
(
0.06)
1.0
(
0.03)
0.6
(
0.03)

Denmark
1
........................................
1
(
0.2)
 
 
8
(
0.6)
431
(
7.0)
53
(
1.4)
492
(
3.0)
38
(
1.3)
537
(
4.0)
2.2
(
0.06)
2.8
(
0.07)
1.1
(
0.04)
1.7
(
0.06)
0.7
(
0.03)
0.7
(
0.03)

England
1
..........................................
1
(
0.2)
 
 
6
(
0.6)
475
(
8.3)
69
(
1.0)
500
(
3.0)
24
(
1.0)
538
(
5.8)
2.7
(
0.07)
2.5
(
0.06)
0.8
(
0.03)
1.5
(
0.05)
0.7
(
0.03)
0.9
(
0.05)

France
..............................................
6
(
0.7)
495
(
6.1)
26
(
1.1)
513
(
4.0)
46
(
1.0)
548
(
3.4)
22
(
0.8)
564
(
5.1)
1.5
(
0.04)
1.5
(
0.05)
0.9
(
0.03)
1.7
(
0.04)
0.8
(
0.03)
0.5
(
0.02)

Germany
1
........................................
7
(
0.5)
474
(
7.1)
24
(
1.0)
491
(
5.2)
33
(
1.1)
511
(
5.1)
36
(
1.1)
529
(
5.3)
1.9
(
0.04)
3.5
(
0.07)
0.9
(
0.02)
1.7
(
0.04)
0.7
(
0.02)
0.8
(
0.04)

Greece
1
...........................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
16
(
0.7)
454
(
3.6)
55
(
0.8)
481
(
3.2)
27
(
0.8)
515
(
4.2)
2.1
(
0.04)
1.5
(
0.04)
0.9
(
0.03)
1.8
(
0.04)
1.0
(
0.03)
0.7
(
0.03)

Hong
Kong
.......................................
11
(
0.9)
536
(
9.5)
51
(
1.2)
577
(
6.7)
33
(
1.2)
620
(
6.7)
5
(
0.5)
643
(
8.2)
2.6
(
0.05)
1.2
(
0.04)
0.7
(
0.02)
0.9
(
0.03)
0.9
(
0.02)
0.8
(
0.03)

Hungary
............................................
3
(
0.3)
469
(
11.7)
25
(
0.9)
490
(
4.2)
57
(
1.0)
545
(
3.4)
15
(
0.8)
608
(
4.8)
3.0
(
0.06)
2.3
(
0.05)
2.0
(
0.04)
1.7
(
0.04)
1.2
(
0.04)
0.7
(
0.03)

Iceland
..............................................
3
(
0.6)
421
(
10.1)
14
(
1.4)
447
(
4.9)
55
(
1.6)
486
(
4.5)
28
(
1.8)
519
(
9.5)
2.2
(
0.05)
3.1
(
0.06)
0.8
(
0.03)
1.8
(
0.06)
0.9
(
0.06)
0.7
(
0.06)

Iran,
Islamic
Republic
......................
1
(
0.4)
 
 
8
(
0.7)
403
(
4.3)
62
(
1.4)
423
(
2.6)
29
(
1.4)
450
(
3.7)
1.8
(
0.06)
1.2
(
0.04)
1.8
(
0.06)
1.2
(
0.09)
1.1
(
0.04)
2
0.2
(
0.02)

Ireland
..............................................
3
(
0.3)
475
(
7.7)
18
(
1.0)
492
(
5.5)
61
(
0.9)
530
(
5.2)
18
(
1.0)
572
(
7.6)
2.1
(
0.03)
1.5
(
0.06)
0.9
(
0.03)
1.4
(
0.05)
0.6
(
0.02)
0.5
(
0.03)

Israel
1
..............................................
2
(
0.4)
 
 
12
(
1.3)
494
(
10.1)
45
(
1.9)
513
(
6.2)
41
(
1.9)
549
(
8.3)
3.3
(
0.10)
2.4
(
0.08)
1.2
(
0.05)
1.9
(
0.09)
1.0
(
0.04)
0.9
(
0.04)

Japan
...............................................
10
(
0.5)
523
(
3.7)
45
(
0.7)
577
(
2.3)
40
(
0.7)
650
(
2.5)
4
(
0.3)
669
(
7.8)
2.6
(
0.04)
1.9
(
0.04)
0.6
(
0.01)
1.3
(
0.03)
0.9
(
0.02)
0.6
(
0.02)

Korea
................................................
9
(
0.5)
535
(
5.7)
53
(
1.0)
572
(
3.0)
32
(
0.9)
669
(
3.0)
6
(
0.6)
702
(
5.7)
2.0
(
0.04)
0.9
(
0.03)
0.5
(
0.02)
0.5
(
0.02)
0.8
(
0.03)
0.3
(
0.02)

Kuwait
1
............................................
3
(
0.7)
364
(
11.3)
9
(
0.9)
382
(
3.6)
49
(
1.7)
386
(
2.4)
39
(
2.1)
405
(
3.9)
1.9
(
0.07)
1.5
(
0.11)
1.2
(
0.08)
1.5
(
0.10)
1.0
(
0.04)
0.7
(
0.05)

Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
1
2
(
0.3)
 
 
43
(
1.2)
471
(
3.5)
43
(
1.2)
505
(
3.7)
12
(
0.8)
542
(
5.5)
2.6
(
0.05)
2.1
(
0.06)
1.5
(
0.04)
1.2
(
0.04)
1.1
(
0.03)
0.7
(
0.04)

Lithuania
1
........................................
5
(
0.5)
446
(
7.5)
46
(
1.2)
454
(
3.4)
38
(
1.2)
492
(
4.3)
11
(
0.8)
544
(
6.0)
2.8
(
0.05)
2.7
(
0.06)
1.2
(
0.03)
1.2
(
0.04)
1.0
(
0.03)
0.9
(
0.04)

Netherlands
1
....................................
4
(
0.5)
487
(
12.4)
21
(
1.4)
504
(
7.1)
43
(
1.3)
537
(
8.4)
32
(
1.6)
580
(
7.3)
2.5
(
0.09)
2.8
(
0.08)
0.9
(
0.04)
1.8
(
0.06)
0.6
(
0.03)
0.7
(
0.04)

New
Zealand
....................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
13
(
0.8)
466
(
6.1)
62
(
0.9)
501
(
4.5)
22
(
0.8)
559
(
5.5)
2.5
(
0.05)
1.5
(
0.04)
0.9
(
0.02)
1.5
(
0.04)
0.8
(
0.02)
0.7
(
0.03)

Norway
.............................................
3
(
0.3)
434
(
7.4)
18
(
0.9)
455
(
3.2)
58
(
1.0)
504
(
2.2)
21
(
0.8)
555
(
4.4)
2.5
(
0.04)
3.2
(
0.06)
1.1
(
0.03)
1.9
(
0.05)
0.7
(
0.02)
0.8
(
0.03)

Portugal
............................................
7
(
0.5)
419
(
3.6)
37
(
1.1)
435
(
2.3)
42
(
1.1)
463
(
2.5)
14
(
0.8)
502
(
5.2)
2.0
(
0.04)
1.7
(
0.05)
1.0
(
0.04)
1.7
(
0.04)
0.7
(
0.02)
0.7
(
0.03)

Romania
1
.........................................
6
(
0.6)
455
(
12.0)
25
(
1.0)
459
(
4.6)
49
(
0.9)
488
(
4.3)
20
(
1.0)
505
(
6.3)
1.9
(
0.06)
1.5
(
0.06)
1.9
(
0.08)
1.3
(
0.05)
1.3
(
0.07)
0.6
(
0.05)

Russian
Federation
..........................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
37
(
1.4)
501
(
7.1)
43
(
1.1)
547
(
5.1)
18
(
0.8)
590
(
4.9)
2.9
(
0.05)
2.9
(
0.05)
1.5
(
0.03)
1.0
(
0.03)
1.3
(
0.04)
1.0
(
0.04)

Scotland
1
.........................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
10
(
0.8)
455
(
5.5)
66
(
1.3)
491
(
4.8)
22
(
1.3)
553
(
9.3)
2.7
(
0.05)
2.8
(
0.08)
0.7
(
0.02)
1.9
(
0.05)
0.7
(
0.02)
1.0
(
0.04)

Singapore
.........................................
6
(
0.4)
587
(
9.0)
38
(
1.2)
624
(
5.2)
46
(
1.1)
659
(
4.9)
11
(
0.6)
677
(
6.2)
2.7
(
0.05)
1.5
(
0.04)
1.0
(
0.03)
0.7
(
0.03)
1.1
(
0.02)
0.6
(
0.03)

Slovak
Republic
...............................
1
(
0.2)
 
 
28
(
1.1)
496
(
3.8)
55
(
1.1)
555
(
3.8)
15
(
0.7)
619
(
5.2)
2.7
(
0.05)
2.9
(
0.07)
1.5
(
0.05)
1.8
(
0.04)
1.0
(
0.03)
0.6
(
0.03)

Slovenia
1
.........................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
24
(
1.1)
497
(
4.0)
53
(
1.0)
538
(
3.6)
21
(
0.9)
602
(
4.2)
2.0
(
0.04)
1.7
(
0.05)
1.6
(
0.05)
1.6
(
0.03)
0.9
(
0.02)
0.6
(
0.02)

South
Africa
1
...................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spain
................................................
5
(
0.5)
441
(
4.6)
23
(
1.0)
456
(
2.6)
45
(
1.1)
488
(
2.6)
27
(
1.0)
522
(
3.4)
1.8
(
0.05)
1.8
(
0.06)
1.1
(
0.03)
1.7
(
0.04)
0.6
(
0.02)
0.3
(
0.02)

Sweden
............................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
16
(
0.7)
475
(
3.4)
61
(
0.9)
517
(
3.0)
21
(
0.8)
565
(
3.8)
2.3
(
0.04)
2.3
(
0.05)
0.9
(
0.02)
1.6
(
0.04)
0.7
(
0.02)
0.6
(
0.02)

Switzerland
1
....................................
3
(
0.4)
497
(
10.1)
21
(
0.9)
528
(
4.0)
47
(
0.9)
541
(
3.0)
28
(
1.1)
575
(
3.3)
1.3
(
0.03)
2.4
(
0.05)
1.0
(
0.03)
1.8
(
0.03)
0.8
(
0.02)
0.4
(
0.02)

Thailand
1
.........................................
2
(
0.3)
 
 
38
(
1.5)
510
(
5.1)
45
(
1.1)
529
(
6.6)
15
(
0.9)
537
(
7.4)
2.1
(
0.07)
1.2
(
0.03)
1.6
(
0.03)
1.1
(
0.02)
1.0
(
0.02)
0.3
(
0.02)

United
States
...................................
3
(
0.3)
430
(
5.1)
11
(
0.6)
462
(
4.8)
52
(
0.9)
491
(
4.3)
34
(
1.0)
534
(
5.9)
2.6
(
0.07)
2.5
(
0.06)
1.2
(
0.04)
2.2
(
0.05)
0.7
(
0.02)
0.7
(
0.03)

1
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications

2
Student
response
data
available
for
70
to
84
percent
of
students.

 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
8th
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Middle
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.

Copyright
Ó
 
1996
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
June
1997.)
461
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
403.
 
Average
4th­
grade
mathematics
scores,
1
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
studying
mathematics
out
of
school,
by
country:

1994
 
95
Country
Average
percent
correct
by
content
area
Amount
of
daily
out­
of­
school
study
time
in
mathematics
Overall
mathematics
scores
Whole
numbers
Fractions
and
proportionality
Measurement
estimation,

and
number
sense
Data
representation,

analysis,

and
probability
Geometry
Patterns,
relations,

and
functions
No
time
Less
than
1
hour
1
hour
or
more
Average
hours
2
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Australia
3
..........................
63
(
0.6)
67
(
0.6)
51
(
0.7)
60
(
0.7)
67
(
0.8)
74
(
0.7)
64
(
0.9)
15
(
0.9)
526
(
5.6)
61
(
1.2)
559
(
3.2)
24
(
1.0)
530
(
4.4)
0.8
(
0.02)

Austria
3
.............................
65
(
0.7)
74
(
0.8)
51
(
0.8)
69
(
0.8)
66
(
1.1)
67
(
0.8)
64
(
1.1)
4
(
0.7)
555
(
8.6)
58
(
1.8)
571
(
3.8)
38
(
1.6)
546
(
4.1)
1.0
(
0.03)

Canada
..............................
60
(
1.0)
68
(
0.9)
48
(
1.0)
54
(
1.1)
68
(
1.4)
72
(
1.4)
62
(
1.5)
14
(
1.1)
526
(
4.4)
60
(
1.4)
544
(
4.0)
26
(
1.2)
522
(
5.0)
0.8
(
0.02)

Cyprus
...............................
54
(
0.6)
65
(
0.7)
48
(
0.7)
48
(
0.8)
52
(
0.9)
53
(
0.9)
55
(
1.1)
9
(
0.7)
473
(
6.1)
51
(
1.9)
519
(
3.6)
40
(
1.6)
495
(
3.8)
1.1
(
0.03)

Czech
Republic
.................
66
(
0.6)
75
(
0.6)
53
(
0.8)
68
(
0.7)
67
(
0.9)
71
(
0.7)
67
(
0.9)
9
(
0.9)
547
(
6.6)
69
(
1.2)
576
(
3.6)
22
(
1.1)
560
(
4.3)
0.7
(
0.02)

England
3,5
.........................
57
(
0.7)
58
(
0.7)
45
(
0.8)
52
(
0.7)
64
(
0.9)
74
(
0.8)
55
(
1.0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greece
..............................
51
(
0.9)
62
(
1.0)
42
(
1.1)
48
(
1.0)
50
(
1.2)
53
(
1.2)
47
(
1.2)
6
(
0.5)
453
(
6.8)
38
(
1.6)
512
(
4.1)
56
(
1.7)
493
(
4.0)
1.6
(
0.04)

Hong
Kong
........................
73
(
0.9)
79
(
0.9)
66
(
1.0)
69
(
0.9)
76
(
1.0)
74
(
0.8)
73
(
1.2)
6
(
0.7)
550
(
7.9)
44
(
1.2)
595
(
4.2)
50
(
1.2)
586
(
4.5)
1.3
(
0.03)

Hungary
3
...........................
64
(
0.8)
76
(
0.7)
49
(
0.9)
64
(
0.9)
60
(
1.0)
66
(
0.8)
69
(
1.1)
5
(
0.7)
543
(
10.8)
58
(
1.3)
563
(
3.9)
37
(
1.4)
533
(
4.2)
1.0
(
0.03)

Iceland
...............................
50
(
0.8)
56
(
0.9)
36
(
1.0)
44
(
0.9)
58
(
1.2)
63
(
1.0)
48
(
1.4)
10
(
0.8)
457
(
4.3)
63
(
1.4)
483
(
3.5)
27
(
1.4)
472
(
3.2)
0.8
(
0.02)

Iran,
Islamic
Republic
4
.....
38
(
0.9)
51
(
1.2)
32
(
1.0)
36
(
0.9)
23
(
0.9)
42
(
0.9)
40
(
1.4)
5
(
0.7)
402
(
6.6)
17
(
1.3)
433
(
6.0)
78
(
1.5)
443
(
4.5)
2.3
(
0.07)

Ireland
...............................
63
(
0.8)
70
(
0.8)
58
(
1.0)
56
(
0.9)
69
(
0.9)
66
(
0.8)
64
(
1.0)
7
(
0.6)
516
(
7.1)
70
(
1.3)
565
(
3.2)
23
(
1.2)
530
(
4.9)
0.8
(
0.02)

Israel
3,4
.............................
59
(
1.0)
71
(
1.0)
48
(
1.1)
54
(
1.0)
64
(
1.2)
62
(
1.0)
60
(
1.5)
14
(
1.3)
525
(
6.4)
46
(
2.2)
535
(
4.7)
40
(
1.9)
528
(
4.1)
1.1
(
0.05)

Japan
................................
74
(
0.4)
82
(
0.4)
65
(
0.6)
72
(
0.5)
79
(
0.5)
72
(
0.6)
76
(
0.6)
10
(
0.7)
558
(
4.3)
60
(
1.1)
598
(
2.3)
31
(
1.2)
610
(
3.0)
0.9
(
0.02)

Korea
.................................
76
(
0.4)
88
(
0.3)
65
(
0.5)
72
(
0.5)
80
(
0.6)
72
(
0.6)
83
(
0.7)
14
(
0.8)
593
(
4.2)
44
(
1.1)
610
(
2.5)
42
(
1.2)
621
(
2.3)
1.0
(
0.02)

Kuwait
3
.............................
32
(
0.5)
36
(
0.5)
25
(
0.5)
35
(
0.6)
26
(
0.6)
36
(
0.6)
33
(
1.0)
5
(
0.7)
372
(
5.7)
34
(
1.4)
410
(
3.0)
60
(
1.5)
401
(
2.8)
1.9
(
0.05)

Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
3
.......................
59
(
1.0)
68
(
0.9)
44
(
1.3)
60
(
1.0)
54
(
1.3)
67
(
1.0)
65
(
1.2)
7
(
0.7)
476
(
7.5)
61
(
1.9)
542
(
6.3)
33
(
1.7)
518
(
5.1)
1.0
(
0.03)

Netherlands
3
.....................
69
(
0.7)
75
(
0.8)
60
(
0.9)
70
(
0.8)
75
(
0.9)
71
(
0.8)
65
(
1.1)
47
(
2.7)
593
(
4.3)
39
(
2.3)
578
(
3.6)
14
(
1.5)
541
(
6.1)
0.5
(
0.03)

New
Zealand
.....................
53
(
1.0)
57
(
1.0)
41
(
1.1)
49
(
1.1)
61
(
1.3)
66
(
1.1)
52
(
1.2)
21
(
1.6)
488
(
9.7)
54
(
1.7)
512
(
4.4)
25
(
1.4)
493
(
5.2)
0.8
(
0.03)

Norway
..............................
53
(
0.7)
61
(
0.8)
38
(
0.7)
56
(
0.7)
59
(
0.9)
58
(
0.9)
50
(
1.2)
23
(
1.3)
503
(
4.1)
58
(
1.2)
512
(
3.3)
19
(
1.1)
497
(
5.3)
0.6
(
0.02)

Portugal
.............................
48
(
0.7)
57
(
0.8)
38
(
0.7)
49
(
0.8)
43
(
1.1)
52
(
1.0)
47
(
1.1)
3
(
0.5)
420
(
9.1)
55
(
1.7)
489
(
3.9)
42
(
1.6)
470
(
3.9)
1.3
(
0.03)

Scotland
4
..........................
58
(
0.8)
61
(
0.8)
46
(
1.0)
53
(
0.9)
66
(
1.0)
72
(
0.8)
57
(
1.0)
26
(
1.8)
519
(
7.2)
63
(
2.0)
528
(
3.8)
11
(
1.0)
501
(
8.9)
0.5
(
0.02)

Singapore
..........................
76
(
0.8)
83
(
0.7)
74
(
1.0)
67
(
1.0)
81
(
0.8)
72
(
0.8)
76
(
0.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Slovenia
3
..........................
64
(
0.6)
74
(
0.6)
50
(
0.9)
64
(
0.9)
64
(
1.0)
72
(
0.8)
68
(
0.8)
3
(
0.4)
502
(
11.4)
57
(
1.5)
563
(
3.7)
40
(
1.4)
548
(
3.7)
1.0
(
0.03)

Thailand
3
..........................
50
(
1.1)
58
(
1.3)
44
(
1.0)
44
(
1.0)
56
(
1.5)
53
(
1.2)
50
(
1.3)
17
(
1.3)
470
(
4.3)
44
(
1.6)
496
(
4.5)
39
(
1.8)
489
(
6.1)
1.0
(
0.03)

United
States
....................
63
(
0.6)
71
(
0.7)
51
(
0.8)
53
(
0.6)
73
(
0.9)
71
(
0.7)
66
(
0.9)
8
(
0.5)
516
(
4.4)
60
(
1.1)
561
(
3.1)
32
(
1.1)
528
(
2.9)
1.0
(
0.03)

1
Fourth
grade
students
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.

2
Average
hours
based
on:
No
time
=
0;
Less
than
1
hour
=
.5;
1
 
2
hours
=
1.5;
3
 
4
hours
=
3.5;
More
than
4
hours
=
5.

3
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement's
sampling
specifications

4
Indicates
a
70
to
84
percent
student
response
rate
on
question
about
time
spent
studying
mathematics.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
­
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Primary
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.

Copyright
Ó
 
1997
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
462
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
404.
 
Average
4th­
grade
science
scores,
1
by
content
areas,
and
average
time
spent
teaching
science
in
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Science
content
areas
Average
number
of
hours
science
is
taught
weekly
to
science
classes
Overall
science
scores
Earth
science
Life
science
Physical
science
Environmental
issues
and
the
nature
of
science
Less
than
1
hour
1
to
2
hours
2
to
3
hours
More
than
3
hours
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Australia
2,3
........................
66
(
0.5)
61
(
0.6)
72
(
0.5)
63
(
0.7)
63
(
0.8)
35
(
3.9)
556
(
5.0)
55
(
4.0)
568
(
5.9)
5
(
1.5)
562
(
18.1)
5
(
2.1)
562
(
8.4)

Austria
2
.............................
66
(
0.7)
62
(
0.8)
72
(
0.7)
64
(
0.8)
54
(
1.0)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
97
(
1.8)
566
(
3.6)
3
(
1.8)
540
(
30.3)

Canada
..............................
64
(
0.6)
62
(
0.6)
68
(
0.6)
61
(
0.7)
56
(
0.7)
8
(
2.0)
536
(
10.1)
42
(
3.8)
542
(
5.1)
27
(
3.3)
567
(
5.4)
23
(
3.2)
550
(
4.6)

Cyprus
...............................
51
(
0.5)
48
(
0.7)
55
(
0.5)
50
(
0.7)
42
(
1.0)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Czech
Republic
.................
65
(
0.5)
64
(
0.6)
71
(
0.5)
62
(
0.7)
56
(
0.9)
2
(
1.1)
 
 
79
(
3.6)
557
(
3.9)
3
(
1.4)
572
(
6.8)
16
(
3.2)
563
(
7.3)

England
4,5
.........................
63
(
0.6)
61
(
0.6)
68
(
0.6)
60
(
0.8)
56
(
1.0)
6
(
1.7)
540
(
8.7)
27
(
4.1)
548
(
7.5)
44
(
4.8)
556
(
5.9)
23
(
3.8)
550
(
8.2)

Greece
..............................
54
(
0.8)
52
(
0.9)
61
(
0.9)
49
(
0.9)
43
(
1.2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hong
Kong
........................
62
(
0.7)
61
(
0.6)
68
(
0.7)
60
(
0.8)
50
(
1.1)
13
(
3.4)
530
(
13.3)
84
(
3.7)
534
(
4.3)
2
(
1.5)
 
 
1
(
0.8)
 
 
Hungary
2
...........................
62
(
0.6)
62
(
0.7)
66
(
0.6)
59
(
0.8)
50
(
0.9)
6
(
2.2)
556
(
13.3)
72
(
4.1)
529
(
3.7)
8
(
3.0)
521
(
8.4)
14
(
3.1)
549
(
10.5)

Iceland
3
............................
55
(
0.7)
55
(
0.7)
60
(
0.8)
52
(
0.7)
47
(
1.2)
17
(
4.1)
513
(
7.3)
41
(
5.6)
504
(
7.7)
30
(
5.1)
499
(
6.5)
12
(
4.3)
523
(
6.8)

Iran,
Islamic
Republic
.......
40
(
0.7)
38
(
0.7)
44
(
0.7)
40
(
0.9)
26
(
0.9)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ireland
...............................
61
(
0.6)
60
(
0.8)
66
(
0.6)
57
(
0.7)
55
(
0.9)
47
(
5.0)
536
(
5.6)
40
(
4.4)
540
(
5.8)
11
(
3.1)
550
(
7.1)
2
(
0.9)
 
 
Israel
2,3,6
...........................
57
(
0.8)
51
(
0.8)
61
(
0.9)
55
(
0.9)
51
(
1.3)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
53
(
5.6)
508
(
5.5)
32
(
5.8)
494
(
6.9)
15
(
4.3)
493
(
10.6)

Japan
................................
70
(
0.3)
66
(
0.4)
73
(
0.3)
70
(
0.4)
62
(
0.6)
2
(
1.3)
 
 
1
(
0.6)
 
 
95
(
1.8)
575
(
1.8)
2
(
1.2)
 
 
Korea
.................................
74
(
0.4)
72
(
0.5)
76
(
0.4)
75
(
0.5)
70
(
0.8)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
1
(
0.6)
 
 
95
(
1.8)
597
(
1.9)
5
(
1.7)
588
(
10.3)

Kuwait
2,3
...........................
39
(
0.5)
36
(
0.6)
45
(
0.6)
37
(
0.5)
25
(
0.7)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
1
(
0.7)
 
 
96
(
2.0)
402
(
3.9)
4
(
1.8)
416
(
42.2)

Latvia
(
Latvian­
speaking
schools)
2
.......................
56
(
0.8)
57
(
1.0)
60
(
0.8)
54
(
0.9)
46
(
1.2)
89
(
2.9)
505
(
5.7)
5
(
2.2)
538
(
47.2)
5
(
2.2)
532
(
11.9)
1
(
0.8)
 
 
Netherlands
2
.....................
67
(
0.5)
61
(
0.6)
73
(
0.5)
65
(
0.6)
61
(
0.9)
38
(
5.1)
559
(
4.0)
44
(
4.8)
556
(
4.5)
9
(
2.6)
556
(
7.2)
9
(
2.7)
549
(
20.1)

New
Zealand
3
...................
60
(
0.9)
57
(
0.9)
66
(
0.9)
57
(
1.1)
54
(
1.2)
29
(
4.2)
542
(
8.3)
48
(
4.4)
536
(
6.1)
14
(
3.1)
537
(
17.2)
9
(
2.6)
509
(
21.2)

Norway
3
............................
60
(
0.6)
60
(
0.6)
67
(
0.7)
55
(
0.7)
53
(
0.9)
73
(
5.0)
527
(
5.4)
27
(
5.0)
535
(
7.6)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Portugal
.............................
50
(
0.7)
50
(
0.8)
54
(
0.8)
49
(
0.9)
39
(
1.0)
2
(
1.1)
 
 
3
(
1.4)
486
(
28.2)
12
(
3.1)
474
(
8.8)
84
(
3.6)
481
(
4.8)

Scotland
3,4
........................
60
(
0.8)
58
(
0.9)
65
(
0.8)
57
(
0.8)
53
(
1.2)
35
(
4.7)
543
(
5.9)
44
(
4.7)
534
(
6.4)
14
(
3.3)
531
(
13.2)
7
(
2.5)
529
(
12.5)

Singapore
..........................
64
(
0.8)
58
(
0.8)
70
(
0.8)
64
(
0.8)
53
(
1.1)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
4
(
1.5)
548
(
18.9)
96
(
1.5)
547
(
5.1)
0
(
0.0)
 
 
Slovenia
2
..........................
64
(
0.7)
64
(
0.7)
68
(
0.7)
61
(
0.8)
54
(
0.8)
3
(
1.9)
544
(
18.9)
60
(
5.3)
541
(
4.6)
18
(
4.0)
550
(
9.5)
19
(
3.4)
548
(
6.8)

Thailand
2,3
........................
49
(
0.9)
48
(
0.9)
52
(
0.8)
46
(
1.0)
48
(
1.4)
2
(
1.2)
 
 
9
(
3.5)
463
(
21.5)
17
(
6.1)
469
(
16.5)
73
(
6.6)
477
(
6.5)

United
States
3
..................
66
(
0.5)
64
(
0.7)
71
(
0.6)
60
(
0.6)
65
(
0.8)
9
(
2.1)
562
(
11.5)
16
(
2.9)
550
(
10.2)
33
(
3.8)
578
(
5.9)
42
(
4.1)
565
(
5.1)

1
Fourth
grade
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.

2
Did
not
satisfy
one
or
more
guidelines
for
sample
participation
rates,
age/
grade
specification,
or
classroom
sampling
procedures.

3
Teacher
response
rate
for
number
of
hours
science
is
taught
is
84
percent
or
less.

4
Met
guidelines
for
sample
participation
rates
only
after
replacement
schools
were
included.

5
National
defined
population
covers
less
than
90
percent
of
international
desired
population.

6
National
defined
population
does
not
cover
all
of
international
desired
population.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
­
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Science
Achievement
in
the
Primary
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.

Copyright
Ó
 
1997
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
463
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
405.
 
Average
12th­
grade
mathematics
scores,
1
by
sex,
and
average
time
spent
studying
mathematics
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Average
score
in
mathematics
Amount
of
daily
out­
of­
school
study
time
in
mathematics
Mathematics
overall
Males
Females
Less
than
1
hour
One
to
two
hours
Three
or
more
hours
Average
hours
2
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Australia
3
.....................................
522
(
9.3)
540
(
10.3)
510
(
9.3)
59
(
2.2)
521
(
8.3)
36
(
2.2)
557
(
10.2)
5
(
0.8)
534
(
13.4)
1.0
(
0.04)
Austria
3
.......................................
518
(
5.3)
545
(
7.2)
503
(
5.5)
77
(
1.7)
526
(
5.8)
19
(
1.6)
533
(
9.4)
4
(
0.8)
502
(
13.7)
0.6
(
0.04)
Canada
3
......................................
519
(
2.8)
537
(
3.8)
504
(
3.5)
56
(
2.1)
539
(
5.1)
38
(
1.9)
547
(
5.0)
7
(
1.0)
526
(
14.6)
1.1
(
0.05)
Cyprus
3
.......................................
446
(
2.5)
454
(
4.9)
439
(
3.7)
63
(
2.1)
435
(
4.3)
29
(
1.8)
471
(
4.8)
8
(
1.3)
451
(
9.0)
1.0
(
0.05)
Czech
Republic
...........................
466
(
12.3)
488
(
11.3)
443
(
16.8)
92
(
1.5)
464
(
13.8)
8
(
1.4)
482
(
17.8)
0
(
0.2)
 
 
0.4
(
0.03)

Denmark
3
....................................
547
(
3.3)
575
(
4.0)
523
(
4.0)
68
(
2.0)
571
(
4.9)
28
(
1.6)
563
(
4.7)
4
(
0.7)
562
(
11.9)
0.9
(
0.04)
France
3
.......................................
523
(
5.1)
544
(
5.6)
506
(
5.3)
59
(
2.3)
517
(
5.1)
35
(
2.3)
539
(
6.7)
5
(
0.7)
505
(
14.7)
1.0
(
0.04)
Germany
3
....................................
495
(
5.9)
509
(
8.7)
480
(
8.8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hungary
.......................................
483
(
3.2)
485
(
4.9)
481
(
4.8)
74
(
0.9)
480
(
3.2)
24
(
0.8)
496
(
5.5)
2
(
0.2)
 
 
0.7
(
0.02)
Iceland
3
.......................................
534
(
2.0)
558
(
3.4)
514
(
2.2)
79
(
1.1)
553
(
3.2)
19
(
1.1)
542
(
7.0)
2
(
0.4)
 
 
0.7
(
0.02)

Italy
3
............................................
476
(
5.5)
490
(
7.4)
464
(
6.0)
55
(
2.6)
479
(
6.3)
40
(
2.2)
486
(
7.2)
5
(
0.9)
477
(
11.2)
1.0
(
0.05)
Lithuania
3
....................................
469
(
6.1)
485
(
7.3)
461
(
7.7)
67
(
1.8)
472
(
5.8)
29
(
1.7)
480
(
5.2)
4
(
0.5)
484
(
11.5)
0.8
(
0.03)
Netherlands
3
...............................
560
(
4.7)
585
(
5.6)
533
(
5.9)
82
(
1.7)
606
(
6.2)
16
(
1.6)
581
(
11.1)
1
(
0.3)
 
 
0.7
(
0.03)
New
Zealand
...............................
522
(
4.5)
536
(
4.9)
507
(
6.2)
75
(
1.4)
544
(
6.1)
23
(
1.4)
552
(
5.9)
2
(
0.3)
 
 
0.7
(
0.03)
Norway
3
......................................
528
(
4.1)
555
(
5.3)
501
(
4.8)
85
(
1.4)
541
(
5.1)
14
(
1.3)
558
(
9.5)
1
(
0.3)
 
 
0.5
(
0.03)

Russian
Federation
3
...................
471
(
6.2)
488
(
6.5)
460
(
6.6)
56
(
2.0)
463
(
5.9)
33
(
1.4)
484
(
7.5)
11
(
1.2)
494
(
8.1)
1.2
(
0.06)
Slovenia
3
.....................................
512
(
8.3)
535
(
12.7)
490
(
8.0)
72
(
2.7)
521
(
9.4)
25
(
2.6)
518
(
9.5)
2
(
0.6)
 
 
0.7
(
0.05)
South
Africa
3
...............................
356
(
8.3)
365
(
9.3)
348
(
10.8)
33
(
1.8)
394
(
17.1)
51
(
1.8)
375
(
10.9)
17
(
1.2)
344
(
7.2)
1.7
(
0.05)
Sweden
........................................
552
(
4.3)
573
(
5.9)
531
(
3.9)
90
(
0.9)
579
(
5.4)
9
(
0.9)
580
(
7.8)
1
(
0.2)
 
 
0.4
(
0.02)
Switzerland
..................................
540
(
5.8)
555
(
6.4)
522
(
7.4)
67
(
1.6)
569
(
4.9)
28
(
1.3)
550
(
5.6)
5
(
0.9)
522
(
10.6)
0.9
(
0.04)
United
States
3
.............................
461
(
3.2)
466
(
4.1)
456
(
3.6)
76
(
1.5)
475
(
3.8)
22
(
1.5)
486
(
5.9)
2
(
0.2)
 
 
0.7
(
0.02)

1
Twelfth
grade
students
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.

2
Average
hours
based
on:
No
time
=
0;
Less
than
1
hour
=
.5;
1
 
2
hours
=
1.5;
3
 
5
hours
=
4;
More
than
5
hours
=
7.

3
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Education
Achievement's
sampling
specifications.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
­
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Primary
School
Years,
and
Science
Achievement
in
the
Primary
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.
Copyright
Ó
 
1998
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
464
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
406.
 
Average
12th­
grade
science
scores,
1
by
sex,
and
average
time
spent
studying
science
out
of
school,
by
country:
1994
 
95
Country
Average
score
in
science
Amount
of
daily
out­
of­
school
study
time
in
science
Science
overall
Males
Females
Less
than
1
hour
One
to
two
hours
Three
or
more
hours
Average
hours
2
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
Percent
Mean
score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Australia
3
.....................................
527
(
9.8)
547
(
11.5)
513
(
9.4)
58
(
1.8)
540
(
9.5)
35
(
1.7)
575
(
6.9)
7
(
1.0)
588
(
33.0)
1.0
(
0.04)
Austria
3
.......................................
520
(
5.6)
554
(
8.7)
501
(
5.8)
87
(
1.4)
529
(
6.0)
11
(
1.4)
526
(
13.8)
1
(
0.3)
 
 
0.4
(
0.03)
Canada
3
......................................
532
(
2.6)
550
(
3.6)
518
(
3.8)
57
(
2.1)
554
(
4.2)
35
(
1.8)
567
(
6.8)
8
(
0.9)
537
(
18.0)
1.1
(
0.05)
Cyprus
3
.......................................
448
(
3.0)
459
(
5.8)
439
(
3.0)
80
(
1.1)
436
(
3.7)
16
(
0.9)
483
(
10.7)
4
(
0.6)
552
(
11.8)
0.5
(
0.03)
Czech
Republic
...........................
487
(
8.8)
512
(
8.8)
460
(
11.0)
84
(
2.6)
520
(
11.6)
14
(
2.3)
571
(
11.5)
3
(
0.5)
583
(
13.6)
0.5
(
0.05)

Denmark
3
....................................
509
(
3.6)
532
(
5.4)
490
(
4.1)
73
(
1.8)
555
(
4.7)
25
(
1.6)
570
(
6.1)
3
(
0.6)
565
(
15.0)
0.7
(
0.03)
France
3
.......................................
487
(
5.1)
508
(
6.7)
468
(
4.8)
59
(
2.0)
497
(
5.7)
35
(
1.8)
525
(
7.0)
6
(
0.8)
515
(
9.1)
1.0
(
0.04)
Germany
3
....................................
497
(
5.1)
514
(
7.9)
478
(
8.5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hungary
.......................................
471
(
3.0)
484
(
4.2)
455
(
4.3)
67
(
1.2)
475
(
3.9)
27
(
0.9)
486
(
4.9)
6
(
0.6)
497
(
11.5)
0.4
(
0.03)
Iceland
3
.......................................
549
(
1.5)
572
(
2.7)
530
(
2.1)
87
(
1.0)
566
(
2.5)
12
(
1.0)
575
(
4.6)
1
(
0.3)
 
 
0.9
(
0.01)

Italy
3
............................................
475
(
5.3)
495
(
6.7)
458
(
5.6)
70
(
2.8)
487
(
6.3)
25
(
2.5)
482
(
9.7)
5
(
1.2)
462
(
13.9)
0.8
(
0.06)
Lithuania
3
....................................
461
(
5.7)
481
(
6.4)
450
(
7.3)
69
(
1.5)
465
(
5.5)
26
(
1.3)
469
(
6.5)
5
(
0.6)
470
(
11.4)
0.8
(
0.03)
Netherlands
3
...............................
558
(
5.3)
582
(
5.7)
532
(
6.2)
78
(
2.8)
593
(
6.4)
20
(
2.9)
605
(
16.9)
1
(
0.4)
 
 
0.7
(
0.03)
New
Zealand
...............................
529
(
5.2)
543
(
7.1)
515
(
5.2)
80
(
1.1)
551
(
6.3)
18
(
1.1)
581
(
6.6)
3
(
0.5)
553
(
15.3)
0.6
(
0.02)
Norway
3
......................................
544
(
4.1)
574
(
5.1)
513
(
4.5)
74
(
2.4)
592
(
7.1)
23
(
2.2)
598
(
10.8)
3
(
0.7)
583
(
23.8)
0.5
(
0.02)

Russian
Federation
3
...................
481
(
5.7)
510
(
5.7)
463
(
6.7)
61
(
1.6)
478
(
6.0)
30
(
1.3)
488
(
7.0)
10
(
0.8)
501
(
8.0)
1.1
(
0.04)
Slovenia
3
.....................................
517
(
8.2)
541
(
12.7)
494
(
6.4)
85
(
2.0)
528
(
8.1)
13
(
1.9)
548
(
8.9)
2
(
0.6)
 
 
0.5
(
0.04)
South
Africa
3
...............................
349
(
10.5)
367
(
11.5)
333
(
13.0)
47
(
1.6)
373
(
15.5)
35
(
1.3)
367
(
12.2)
18
(
1.4)
326
(
7.3)
1.5
(
0.05)
Sweden
........................................
559
(
4.4)
585
(
5.9)
534
(
3.5)
81
(
1.9)
599
(
7.4)
17
(
1.8)
632
(
10.1)
2
(
0.5)
 
 
0.6
(
0.03)
Switzerland
..................................
523
(
5.3)
540
(
6.1)
500
(
7.8)
76
(
2.3)
564
(
6.6)
21
(
2.3)
564
(
10.9)
3
(
0.9)
508
(
29.0)
0.7
(
0.04)
United
States
3
.............................
480
(
3.3)
492
(
4.5)
469
(
3.9)
76
(
2.1)
505
(
4.3)
21
(
2.1)
517
(
5.7)
2
(
0.4)
 
 
0.7
(
0.04)

1
Twelfth
grade
students
or
equivalent
in
most
countries.

2
Average
hours
based
on:
No
time
=
0;
Less
than
1
hour
=
.5;
1
 
2
hours
=
1.5;
3
 
5
hours
=
4;
More
than
5
hours
=
7.

3
Countries
not
meeting
all
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Education
Achievement's
sampling
specifications.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
­
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
Mathematics
Achievement
in
the
Primary
School
Years,
and
Science
Achievement
in
the
Primary
School
Years:
IEA's
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study,
1997,
by
Albert
E.
Beaton
et
al.
Copyright
Ó
 
1998
Boston
College,
Chestnut
Hill,
MA.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
465
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
407.
 
Reading
literacy
test
scores
of
9­
year­
olds:
Selected
countries,
1992
Country
Grade
tested
Mean
age
Overall
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
Narrative
2
1st
quartile
Narrative
2
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
Narrative
2
3rd
quartile
Expository
3
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
Documents
4
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Finland
......................................................
3
9.7
569
(
3.4)
508
568
(
3.0)
602
569
(
3.1)
569
(
4.0)
United
States
............................................
4
10.0
547
(
2.8)
476
553
(
3.1)
619
538
(
2.6)
550
(
2.7)
Sweden
.....................................................
3
9.8
539
(
2.8)
467
536
(
2.6)
592
542
(
2.7)
539
(
3.2)
France
.......................................................
4
10.1
531
(
4.0)
467
532
(
4.1)
580
533
(
4.1)
527
(
3.9)
Italy
...........................................................
4
9.9
529
(
4.3)
468
533
(
4.0)
576
538
(
4.0)
517
(
4.9)

New
Zealand
............................................
5
10.0
528
(
3.3)
452
534
(
3.5)
594
531
(
3.1)
521
(
3.3)
Norway
......................................................
3
9.8
524
(
2.6)
455
525
(
2.8)
576
528
(
2.3)
519
(
2.8)
Iceland
5
....................................................
3
9.8
518
(
0.0)
448
518
(
0.0)
571
517
(
0.0)
519
(
0.0)
Hong
Kong
................................................
4
10.0
517
(
3.9)
431
494
(
4.1)
548
503
(
3.4)
554
(
4.2)
Singapore
.................................................
3
9.3
515
(
1.0)
450
521
(
1.1)
567
519
(
1.0)
504
(
1.0)

Switzerland
...............................................
3
9.7
511
(
2.7)
438
506
(
2.6)
566
507
(
2.7)
522
(
2.8)
Ireland
.......................................................
4
9.3
509
(
3.6)
445
518
(
3.7)
571
514
(
3.2)
495
(
3.8)
Belgium
6
...................................................
4
9.8
507
(
3.2)
439
510
(
3.3)
558
505
(
2.8)
506
(
3.5)
Greece
......................................................
4
9.3
504
(
3.7)
447
514
(
3.8)
567
511
(
3.6)
488
(
3.8)
Spain
.........................................................
4
10.0
504
(
2.5)
429
497
(
2.4)
543
505
(
2.3)
509
(
2.7)

Germany
(
former
West)
............................
3
9.4
503
(
3.0)
421
491
(
2.8)
543
497
(
2.9)
520
(
3.2)
Canada
7
...................................................
3
8.9
500
(
3.0)
437
502
(
3.5)
566
499
(
2.7)
500
(
2.8)
Germany
(
former
East)
.............................
3
9.5
499
(
4.3)
414
482
(
4.2)
531
493
(
3.6)
522
(
5.0)
Hungary
....................................................
3
9.3
499
(
3.1)
437
496
(
2.9)
541
493
(
3.1)
509
(
3.5)
Slovenia
....................................................
3
9.7
498
(
2.6)
435
502
(
2.7)
570
489
(
2.5)
503
(
2.5)

Netherlands
..............................................
3
9.2
485
(
3.6)
425
494
(
3.3)
539
480
(
3.4)
481
(
3.9)
Cyprus
......................................................
4
9.8
481
(
2.3)
421
492
(
2.4)
548
475
(
2.3)
476
(
2.1)
Portugal
....................................................
4
10.4
478
(
3.6)
419
483
(
3.3)
531
480
(
3.0)
471
(
4.5)
Denmark
...................................................
3
9.8
475
(
3.5)
386
463
(
3.4)
539
467
(
3.5)
496
(
3.6)
Trinidad/
Tobago
........................................
4
9.6
451
(
3.4)
383
455
(
3.6)
502
458
(
3.4)
440
(
3.3)

Indonesia
..................................................
4
10.8
394
(
3.0)
351
402
(
2.8)
436
411
(
3.2)
369
(
3.0)
Venezuela
.................................................
4
10.1
383
(
3.4)
322
378
(
3.2)
426
396
(
3.3)
374
(
3.7)

1
s.
e.=
standard
error.
2
Narrative
prose
is
continuous
text
in
which
the
writer's
aim
is
to
tell
a
story.
3
Expository
prose
is
continuous
text
designed
to
describe
factual
information
to
the
reader.
4
Documents
are
structured
information
presented
in
the
form
of
charts,
tables,
maps,
graphs,
lists,
or
sets
of
instructions.
5
Iceland
tested
all
students,
therefore
standard
errors
are
not
applicable.
6
Only
French­
speaking
students
were
tested.
7
British
Columbia
only.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
How
in
the
World
Do
Students
Read?,
1992.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1993.)
466
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
408.
 
Reading
literacy
test
scores
of
14­
year­
olds:
Selected
countries,
1992
Country
Grade
tested
Mean
age
Overall
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
Narrative
2
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
Expository
3
1st
quartile
Expository
3
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
Expository
3
3rd
quartile
Documents
4
mean
score
(
s.
e.)
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Finland
......................................................
8
14.7
560
(
2.5)
559
(
2.8)
493
541
(
2.2)
575
580
(
2.5)
France
.......................................................
9
15.4
549
(
4.3)
556
(
4.2)
484
546
(
4.3)
580
544
(
4.2)
Sweden
.....................................................
8
14.8
546
(
2.5)
556
(
2.6)
469
533
(
2.4)
576
550
(
2.4)
New
Zealand
............................................
10
15.0
545
(
5.6)
547
(
5.7)
457
535
(
5.7)
597
552
(
5.3)
Hungary
....................................................
8
14.1
536
(
3.3)
530
(
3.1)
469
536
(
3.6)
577
542
(
3.2)

Iceland
5
....................................................
8
14.8
536
(
0.0)
550
(
0.0)
472
548
(
0.0)
617
509
(
0.0)
Switzerland
...............................................
8
14.9
536
(
3.2)
534
(
3.4)
466
525
(
3.2)
572
549
(
3.0)
Hong
Kong
................................................
9
15.2
535
(
3.7)
509
(
3.7)
480
540
(
3.8)
576
557
(
3.8)
United
States
............................................
9
15.0
535
(
4.8)
539
(
4.9)
456
539
(
5.6)
599
528
(
4.0)
Singapore
.................................................
8
14.4
534
(
1.1)
530
(
1.1)
476
539
(
1.2)
574
533
(
1.1)

Slovenia
....................................................
8
14.7
532
(
2.3)
534
(
2.6)
471
525
(
2.2)
576
537
(
2.2)
Germany
(
former
East)
.............................
8
14.4
526
(
3.5)
512
(
3.9)
464
523
(
3.5)
566
543
(
2.9)
Denmark
...................................................
8
14.8
525
(
2.1)
517
(
2.0)
458
524
(
2.2)
573
532
(
2.1)
Portugal
....................................................
9
15.6
523
(
3.1)
523
(
2.5)
469
523
(
3.4)
556
523
(
3.4)
Canada
6
...................................................
8
13.9
522
(
3.0)
526
(
3.1)
449
516
(
3.1)
569
522
(
2.7)

Germany
(
former
West)
............................
8
14.6
522
(
4.4)
514
(
4.9)
453
521
(
4.5)
573
532
(
3.9)
Norway
......................................................
8
14.8
516
(
2.3)
515
(
2.1)
464
520
(
2.4)
569
512
(
2.4)
Italy
...........................................................
8
14.1
515
(
3.4)
520
(
3.6)
459
524
(
3.2)
565
501
(
3.3)
Netherlands
..............................................
8
14.3
514
(
4.9)
506
(
4.8)
442
503
(
4.7)
546
533
(
5.3)
Ireland
.......................................................
9
14.5
511
(
5.2)
510
(
5.3)
439
505
(
5.3)
555
518
(
4.9)

Greece
......................................................
9
14.4
509
(
2.9)
526
(
2.9)
450
508
(
3.1)
548
493
(
2.6)
Cyprus
......................................................
9
14.8
497
(
2.2)
516
(
2.2)
427
492
(
2.4)
536
482
(
2.0)
Spain
.........................................................
8
14.2
490
(
2.5)
500
(
3.0)
435
495
(
2.6)
536
475
(
2.0)
Belgium
7
...................................................
8
14.3
481
(
4.9)
484
(
5.1)
415
477
(
4.8)
522
483
(
4.7)
Trinidad/
Tobago
........................................
9
14.4
479
(
1.7)
482
(
1.7)
408
485
(
1.8)
537
472
(
1.7)

Thailand
....................................................
9
15.2
477
(
6.2)
468
(
6.6)
429
486
(
5.9)
533
478
(
6.2)
Philippines
................................................
8
14.5
430
(
3.9)
421
(
3.6)
378
439
(
4.1)
472
430
(
3.9)
Venezuela
.................................................
9
15.5
417
(
3.1)
407
(
2.9)
381
433
(
3.3)
482
412
(
3.0)
Nigeria
8,9
..................................................
9
15.3
401
(
 
)
402
(
 
)
351
406
(
 
)
441
394
(
 
)
Zimbabwe
9
...............................................
9
15.5
372
(
3.8)
367
(
3.3)
326
374
(
3.6)
411
373
(
4.6)
Botswana
..................................................
9
14.7
330
(
2.0)
340
(
1.6)
294
339
(
1.9)
371
312
(
2.4)

1
s.
e.=
standard
error.
2
Narrative
prose
is
continuous
text
in
which
the
writer's
aim
is
to
tell
a
story.
3
Expository
prose
is
continuous
text
designed
to
describe
factual
information
to
the
reader.
4
Documents
are
structured
information
presented
in
the
form
of
charts,
tables,
maps,
graphs,
lists,
or
sets
of
instructions.
5
Iceland
tested
all
students,
therefore
standard
errors
are
not
applicable.
6
British
Columbia
only.
7
Only
French­
speaking
students
were
tested.

8
Insufficient
data
to
calculate
the
standard
error.

9
Sampling
response
rate
of
schools
was
below
80
percent.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
How
in
the
World
Do
Students
Read?,
1992.
(
This
table
was
prepared
April
1993.)
467
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
409.
 
Number
of
bachelor's
degree
recipients
per
100
persons
of
the
theoretical
age
of
graduation,
1
by
sex:
Selected
countries,
1989
to
1995
Country
Men
and
women
Men
Women
1989
1990
1991
1992
1994
1995
1989
1990
1991
1992
1994
1995
1989
1990
1991
1992
1994
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Australia
..........................................
19.6
 
24.1
28.5
32.2
34.9
18.9
 
21.0
23.7
25.9
27.6
21.1
 
27.3
33.6
38.7
42.7
Austria
.............................................
6.6
7.7
7.7
 
9.2
9.8
7.6
8.5
8.5
 
10.1
10.6
5.5
6.8
6.9
 
8.4
8.9
Belgium
...........................................
16.5
17.1
13.2
 
 
 
18.9
19.5
15.0
 
 
 
14.1
14.7
11.4
 
 
 
Canada
...........................................
 
 
31.1
32.2
30.3
31.8
 
 
26.6
27.6
25.5
26.4
 
 
35.8
37.6
35.3
37.4
Denmark
..........................................
12.9
15.0
16.6
22.3
30.5
28.5
11.5
13.3
14.4
17.7
26.4
25.1
14.4
16.9
18.9
27.2
34.9
31.9
Finland
............................................
16.9
17.1
17.1
 
22.2
22.2
17.1
17.0
16.9
 
22.2
22.0
16.6
17.1
17.3
17.9
22.1
22.3
France
.............................................
13.8
14.9
16.3
 
 
 
13.7
14.7
14.9
 
 
 
13.9
15.1
17.7
 
 
 
Germany
2
.......................................
13.2
12.9
12.4
 
14.6
16.2
16.1
15.7
14.3
 
16.4
18.2
10.1
10.0
10.4
 
12.6
14.0
Ireland
.............................................
16.4
17.4
16.8
17.8
 
21.2
31.9
17.5
17.0
17.9
 
19.9
 
17.3
16.6
17.7
 
22.7
Italy
.................................................
8.9
9.2
9.5
 
11.3
11.8
9.1
9.3
9.5
 
10.3
10.8
8.7
9.0
9.5
 
12.4
12.9
Japan
..............................................
 
22.1
23.2
23.2
23.2
22.8
 
31.5
32.7
31.9
31.0
30.4
 
12.4
13.4
14.0
15.2
14.9
Netherlands
.....................................
10.2
8.0
8.3
17.6
 
22.0
12.3
9.4
9.6
17.3
 
20.6
7.9
6.5
6.9
17.8
 
23.4
New
Zealand
...................................
36.1
15.3
15.2
17.2
 
24.7
16.6
15.4
15.4
16.9
 
20.9
15.5
15.1
15.0
17.4
 
28.6
Norway
............................................
24.6
27.5
30.7
19.0
23.0
23.0
18.1
19.1
22.3
14.5
17.4
17.2
31.7
36.3
39.4
23.7
28.8
28.9
Portugal
...........................................
 
7.6
 
 
13.8
14.6
 
5.9
 
 
10.4
10.8
 
9.3
 
 
17.2
18.3
Spain
...............................................
17.7
18.6
19.9
 
 
24.0
14.6
15.3
16.3
 
 
19.6
21.0
22.0
23.6
 
 
28.6
Sweden
...........................................
13.0
12.2
12.5
14.1
13.7
15.5
11.1
10.5
10.9
11.8
12.0
14.0
15.1
14.0
14.3
16.4
15.4
17.0
Switzerland
......................................
7.7
7.7
7.6
 
8.5
9.1
10.1
10.3
9.8
 
10.7
11.4
5.3
5.1
5.4
 
6.3
6.8
Turkey
.............................................
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
 
7.0
7.3
7.5
7.5
7.5
 
8.6
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
 
5.2
United
Kingdom
..............................
 
 
 
20.4
25.9
31.6
 
 
 
21.0
25.5
30.3
 
 
 
19.8
26.3
32.9
United
States
..................................
27.3
28.6
29.3
27.4
32.2
33.2
25.5
26.2
26.5
24.6
28.7
29.3
29.2
31.1
32.3
30.3
35.9
37.3
1
The
graduation
rate
relates
the
number
of
people
with
bachelor's
degrees
to
the
number
of
people
in
the
population
at
typical
age
of
graduation.
2
Data
for
1989
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
unpublished
tabulations
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)

Table
410.
 
Percent
of
bachelor's
degrees
awarded
in
science:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1995
Country
All
science
degrees
Natural
sciences
Mathematics
and
computer
science
Engineering
1985
1990
1994
1995
1985
1990
1994
1995
1985
1990
1994
1995
1985
1990
1994
1995
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Australia
.......................................................
 
 
19.2
19.3
 
 
10.2
9.9
 
 
3.6
3.8
 
 
5.4
5.6
Austria
..........................................................
16.8
19.6
20.7
21.1
5.0
5.3
5.5
6.0
4.1
5.2
5.4
5.3
7.7
9.0
9.8
9.9
Belgium
........................................................
 
 
 
 
4.6
 
 
 
1.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
........................................................
17.1
16.4
16.3
16.7
4.9
6.0
6.2
6.5
4.5
4.2
3.8
3.8
7.7
6.2
6.3
6.4
Denmark
......................................................
 
 
 
 
6.3
4.4
4.2
2.5
 
 
 
 
16.2
21.7
 
17.0
Finland
.........................................................
39.3
33.5
37.0
37.2
7.7
4.1
4.4
4.0
6.3
5.9
7.4
6.9
25.3
23.4
25.1
26.3
Germany
1
....................................................
23.8
31.3
31.7
31.6
5.0
7.2
6.9
6.7
2.3
3.5
5.2
5.2
16.5
20.5
19.6
19.7
Ireland
..........................................................
28.8
34.1
 
32.3
12.8
14.1
 
16.9
4.0
6.3
 
4.7
12.0
13.7
 
10.7
Italy
..............................................................
19.5
19.7
19.1
19.5
8.1
7.6
7.0
6.8
3.1
3.9
3.4
3.8
8.3
8.3
8.7
8.9
Japan
...........................................................
22.7
23.5
22.8
22.8
2.4
2.4
3.4
3.4
 
 
 
 
20.3
21.0
19.3
19.3
Netherlands
.................................................
21.8
21.1
 
 
8.5
7.1
 
 
1.2
1.6
 
1.6
12.1
12.4
 
 
New
Zealand
...............................................
20.5
19.5
 
 
11.7
8.2
 
 
5.5
5.5
 
 
3.3
5.8
 
3.2
Norway
.........................................................
 
12.9
18.6
16.8
2.5
2.1
4.1
3.1
1.8
0.6
0.4
0.5
 
10.2
14.2
13.2
Portugal
.......................................................
 
 
15.9
15.0
6.5
6.7
2.6
2.2
 
 
2.4
2.8
 
10.5
11.0
9.9
Spain
............................................................
13.9
15.0
 
18.2
5.5
5.7
 
4.3
1.3
2.6
 
4.5
7.0
6.7
 
9.4
Sweden
........................................................
15.4
24.0
25.0
26.4
2.6
4.1
3.9
3.9
1.6
4.7
5.3
5.5
11.3
15.2
15.9
17.0
Switzerland
..................................................
20.2
23.0
22.1
22.3
10.3
11.2
10.4
10.4
2.1
3.7
3.3
3.7
7.9
8.1
8.4
8.3
Turkey
..........................................................
23.0
20.6
 
20.9
3.6
4.6
 
5.1
1.6
2.1
 
2.7
17.8
13.8
 
13.1
United
States
...............................................
21.7
16.9
15.9
 
6.3
5.1
6.0
 
5.5
4.0
3.3
3.3
9.8
7.8
6.7
6.7
1
Data
for
1985
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
Education
at
a
Glance,
unpublished
figures.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
468
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
411.
 
Percent
of
graduate
degrees
awarded
in
science:
Selected
countries,
1985,
1990,
and
1991
Country
All
science
degrees
Natural
sciences
Mathematics
and
computer
science
Engineering
1985
1990
1991
1985
1990
1991
1985
1990
1991
1985
1990
1991
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Australia
...............................................
 
 
13.9
 
 
9.6
 
 
 
 
 
4.3
Austria
..................................................
43.3
37.7
37.4
14.2
12.3
13.4
7.3
4.6
6.1
21.7
20.8
17.9
Canada
................................................
19.7
20.0
19.7
7.5
7.8
7.7
2.8
3.4
3.4
9.4
8.8
8.7
Denmark
..............................................
16.0
22.2
22.9
4.1
5.8
5.4
2.7
4.8
4.5
9.2
11.6
13.0
Finland
.................................................
47.6
30.6
29.2
24.0
14.7
12.4
6.3
5.4
4.6
17.2
10.5
12.2
Germany
1
............................................
27.7
33.2
33.9
18.7
23.5
23.3
1.8
2.3
2.2
7.2
7.4
8.4
Ireland
..................................................
31.4
34.5
28.4
18.9
19.5
15.7
2.6
5.8
4.1
9.9
9.3
8.6
Japan
...................................................
50.1
54.6
54.2
9.5
9.5
9.5
 
 
 
40.5
45.1
44.7
Netherlands
.........................................
 
28.9
29.9
20.6
17.7
16.7
 
1.5
1.6
7.5
9.7
11.6
New
Zealand
.......................................
45.1
22.6
19.3
24.6
13.8
11.5
5.4
4.7
3.6
15.1
4.0
4.2
Norway
.................................................
40.1
33.4
33.8
17.9
8.0
7.9
3.5
2.1
2.5
18.7
23.3
23.4
Spain
....................................................
35.6
26.9
26.6
28.6
19.7
19.1
1.8
1.4
2.5
5.1
5.7
5.0
Sweden
................................................
48.0
48.5
44.4
21.2
19.4
15.1
6.8
9.2
8.2
20.0
19.9
21.1
Switzerland
..........................................
30.7
30.2
32.6
20.3
22.0
23.1
2.8
1.7
1.8
7.6
6.5
7.6
Turkey
..................................................
35.8
24.0
21.7
6.6
7.6
6.4
2.8
3.3
2.8
26.3
13.2
12.4
United
States
.......................................
13.5
14.5
13.8
4.5
4.2
3.8
2.8
3.4
3.2
6.3
6.9
6.7
1
Data
for
1985
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.
 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
May
1995.)

Table
412.
 
Public
education
expenditures
per
student,
by
level
of
student:
Selected
countries,
1985
to
1993
[
In
constant
1993
dollars]

Country
Primary
Secondary
Higher
education
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Austria
......................................
$
3,554
$
3,632
$
3,791
$
4,130
$
4,291
$
4,061
$
4,771
$
4,965
$
6,612
$
6,721
$
6,753
$
6,560
$
6,834
$
5,994
$
8,642
Belgium
....................................
2,299
2,195
2,273
2,462
2,953
5,437
4,949
5,305
5,304
5,373
7,310
6,363
6,615
6,787
6,380
Denmark
..................................
3,677
4,579
4,665
4,346
4,745
5,196
5,459
5,706
5,088
6,175
8,826
8,582
8,153
6,911
8,045
France
......................................
 
 
2,749
2,987
3,154
 
 
4,923
5,593
5,685
 
 
5,050
6,200
6,033
Germany
2
................................
 
 
 
3,069
2,815
 
 
 
4,388
6,481
 
 
 
 
7,902
Japan
.......................................
 
 
 
3,636
3,960
 
 
 
4,017
4,356
 
 
 
12,205
7,556
Ireland
......................................
1,363
1,472
1,636
1,823
1,882
2,346
2,475
2,640
2,853
3,031
5,327
5,693
5,927
7,488
7,076
Norway
.....................................
3,505
3,995
4,122
4,614
 
4,961
5,307
5,704
6,386
 
8,092
8,887
8,917
8,981
8,343
Portugal
....................................
1,369
1,989
2,239
 
2,581
1,811
 
2,508
 
2,491
3,844
 
6,536
 
5,667
Spain
........................................
1,482
1,854
1,974
2,091
2,293
2,058
2,787
2,896
3,234
3,033
1,964
3,250
3,440
3,883
3,835
Sweden
1
..................................
 
5,429
5,803
4,985
4,917
 
6,480
7,039
6,231
5,651
 
8,929
9,083
7,333
12,693
Switzerland
1
............................
 
 
5,779
3,667
5,835
 
 
6,963
 
7,024
 
 
15,577
13,286
15,731
Turkey
......................................
 
 
599
 
832
 
 
535
 
587
 
 
2,965
 
2,696
United
Kingdom
.......................
2,406
2,984
2,964
3,213
3,295
3,979
5,664
4,514
4,521
4,494
 
 
10,207
10,680
8,241
United
States
...........................
4,495
5,380
5,492
5,768
5,492
5,440
6,742
6,866
6,664
6,541
10,527
12,373
12,521
12,236
14,607
1
Change
in
definition
of
expenditures
in
1992.

2
Data
for
1985
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
adjusted
to
U.
S.
dollars
using
the
purchasing­
power­
parity
(
PPP)
index.
Public
subsidies
for
students'
living
expenses
are
excluded.
The
figures
include
public
expenditures
per
student
in
public
and
private
institutions.

SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
Education
at
a
Glance,
1996;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
469
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
413.
 
Total
public
direct
expenditures
for
education
as
a
percentage
of
gross
domestic
product,
by
level
of
education:

Selected
countries,
1985
to
1994
Country
All
levels
1
Primary
education
Secondary
education
Higher
education
1985
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Australia
...................
5.4
4.8
 
 
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.4
1.6
 
 
 
1.5
1.4
1.9
 
2.4
2.8
2.0
1.8
1.7
 
1.9
1.5
1.1
1.1
Austria
......................
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.3
 
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
 
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.5
 
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
 
Belgium
....................
6.3
5.5
5.6
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.5
1.1
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
2.9
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.6
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.6
1.0
1.0
Denmark
..................
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.7
6.5
1.8
1.7
 
1.4
1.5
1.5
2.9
2.7
 
2.6
2.9
2.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
France
......................
 
 
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.6
 
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
 
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.9
 
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
Germany
2
................
4.6
4.3
 
 
 
 
4.5
4.5
0.6
 
 
 
0.7
0.8
2.2
 
 
 
2.3
2.1
1.0
 
 
 
0.9
0.9
Ireland
......................
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.1
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.2
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Italy
..........................
4.7
4.9
5.0
5.2
 
5.0
5.0
4.6
1.2
1.1
 
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.1
2.2
 
2.3
2.4
2.2
0.6
1.0
 
0.8
0.8
0.7
Japan
.......................
 
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.8
 
 
 
1.3
1.4
1.4
 
 
 
1.4
1.5
1.6
 
 
 
0.3
0.4
0.5
Luxembourg
.............
 
5.2
5.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Netherlands
..............
6.2
6.1
5.7
5.7
 
4.6
4.6
4.5
1.6
1.3
 
1.1
1.2
1.2
2.5
2.2
 
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.6
 
1.2
1.2
1.2
New
Zealand
............
 
4.8
5.9
6.2
6.3
5.9
5.8
5.4
 
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.5
 
1.5
1.4
1.9
2.6
2.4
 
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.1
Norway
.....................
5.1
5.9
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.8
6.8
6.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.9
2.4
1.6
0.7
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
Portugal
....................
 
4.0
4.0
 
4.9
 
5.4
5.3
 
 
2.0
 
2.0
1.8
 
 
1.8
 
1.9
2.1
 
 
0.8
 
0.8
0.8
Spain
........................
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.8
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
0.4
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
Sweden
....................
 
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.9
6.5
6.6
6.6
 
1.9
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.0
 
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.5
 
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.5
Switzerland
..............
4.9
5.0
 
 
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.5
2.7
 
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.3
 
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.5
0.9
 
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
Turkey
......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.3
3.3
 
 
 
 
1.7
1.4
 
 
 
 
0.8
0.7
 
 
 
 
0.8
1.2
United
Kingdom
.......
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.6
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.6
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.2
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
United
States
...........
4.7
4.9
4.8
5.3
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.8
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
 
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1
Includes
primary,
secondary,
and
higher
education
and
other
expenditures
not
classified
by
level
of
education.

2
Data
prior
to
1991
are
for
the
former
West
Germany.

 
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
470
INTERNATIONAL
COMPARISONS
OF
EDUCATION
Table
414.
 
Foreign
students
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education
in
the
United
States
and
outlying
areas,
by
continent,
region,
and
selected
countries
of
origin:
1980
 
81
to
1996
 
97
Continent,
region,
and
country
1980
 
81
1985
 
86
1990
 
91
1992
 
93
1993
 
94
1994
 
95
1995
 
96
1996
 
97
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
..................................
311,880
100.0
343,780
100.0
407,530
100.0
438,620
100.0
449,704
100.0
452,635
100.0
453,787
100.0
457,984
100.0
Africa
......................................
38,180
12.2
34,190
9.9
23,800
5.8
20,520
4.7
20,569
4.6
20,724
4.6
20,844
4.6
22,078
4.8
Eastern
Africa
....................
6,260
2.0
6,730
2.0
7,590
1.9
6,950
1.6
7,093
1.6
7,139
1.6
7,596
1.7
8,628
1.9
Central
Africa
.....................
1,130
0.4
1,540
0.4
1,650
0.4
1,470
0.3
1,472
0.3
1,430
0.3
1,346
0.3
1,187
0.3
North
Africa
........................
7,310
2.3
5,980
1.7
4,540
1.1
3,730
0.9
3,614
0.8
3,522
0.8
3,422
0.8
3,469
0.8
Southern
Africa
..................
1,480
0.5
2,360
0.7
2,840
0.7
2,560
0.6
2,563
0.6
2,672
0.6
2,657
0.6
2,678
0.6
West
Africa
........................
22,000
7.1
17,580
5.1
7,180
1.8
5,800
1.3
5,804
1.3
5,943
1.3
5,818
1.3
6,115
1.3
Nigeria
............................
17,350
5.6
13,710
4.0
3,710
0.9
2,490
0.6
2,285
0.5
2,147
0.5
2,093
0.5
2,184
0.5
Europe
....................................
25,330
8.1
34,310
10.0
49,640
12.2
58,010
13.2
62,442
13.9
64,811
14.3
67,358
14.8
68,315
14.9
Eastern
Europe
..................
1,670
0.5
1,770
0.5
4,780
1.2
9,800
2.2
12,929
2.9
15,906
3.5
18,032
4.0
19,471
4.3
Western
Europe
.................
23,660
7.6
32,540
9.5
44,860
11.0
48,210
11.0
49,496
11.0
48,905
10.8
49,326
10.9
48,844
10.7
France
............................
 
 
3,680
1.1
5,630
1.4
5,660
1.3
5,976
1.3
5,843
1.3
5,710
1.3
5,692
1.2
Germany,
Federal
Republic
of
1
...............
3,310
1.1
4,730
1.4
7,000
1.7
7,880
1.8
8,508
1.9
8,592
1.9
9,017
2.0
8,990
2.0
Greece
...........................
3,750
1.2
4,440
1.3
4,360
1.1
4,350
1.0
4,144
0.9
3,699
0.8
3,365
0.7
3,010
0.7
Spain
..............................
 
 
1,740
0.5
4,300
1.1
5,160
1.2
5,246
1.2
5,126
1.1
4,809
1.1
4,673
1.0
United
Kingdom
.............
4,440
1.4
5,940
1.7
7,300
1.8
7,630
1.7
7,828
1.7
7,786
1.7
7,799
1.7
7,357
1.6
Latin
America
.........................
49,810
16.0
45,480
13.2
47,580
11.7
43,250
9.9
45,246
10.1
47,239
10.4
47,253
10.4
49,592
10.8
Caribbean
..........................
10,650
3.4
11,100
3.2
12,610
3.1
10,270
2.3
10,672
2.4
11,286
2.5
10,737
2.4
11,796
2.6
Central
America
.................
12,970
4.2
12,740
3.7
15,950
3.9
13,460
3.1
13,886
3.1
14,923
3.3
14,220
3.1
14,524
3.2
Mexico
............................
6,730
2.2
5,460
1.6
6,740
1.7
7,580
1.7
8,021
1.8
9,003
2.0
8,687
1.9
8,975
2.0
South
America
...................
26,190
8.4
21,640
6.3
19,020
4.7
19,530
4.5
20,708
4.6
21,030
4.6
22,296
4.9
23,272
5.1
Brazil
..............................
 
 
2,840
0.8
3,900
1.0
4,540
1.0
4,977
1.1
5,017
1.1
5,497
1.2
6,168
1.3
Colombia
........................
 
 
4,010
1.2
3,180
0.8
2,850
0.6
3,077
0.7
3,208
0.7
3,462
0.8
3,636
0.8
Venezuela
......................
11,750
3.8
7,040
2.0
2,890
0.7
3,440
0.8
3,742
0.8
4,092
0.9
4,456
1.0
4,590
1.0
Middle
East
.............................
84,710
27.2
52,720
15.3
33,420
8.2
30,240
6.9
29,509
6.6
30,246
6.7
30,563
6.7
29,841
6.5
Iran
.....................................
47,550
15.2
14,210
4.1
6,260
1.5
4,090
0.9
3,621
0.8
2,896
0.6
2,628
0.6
2,129
0.5
Jordan
................................
6,140
2.0
6,590
1.9
4,320
1.1
3,260
0.7
2,826
0.6
2,431
0.5
2,222
0.5
2,094
0.5
Lebanon
.............................
6,770
2.2
7,090
2.1
3,900
1.0
2,540
0.6
2,165
0.5
1,835
0.4
1,554
0.3
1,370
0.3
Saudi
Arabia
......................
10,440
3.3
6,900
2.0
3,590
0.9
3,750
0.9
3,721
0.8
4,075
0.9
4,191
0.9
4,264
0.9
Turkey
................................
 
 
2,460
0.7
4,080
1.0
4,980
1.1
5,474
1.2
6,716
1.5
7,678
1.7
8,194
1.8
North
America
2
......................
14,790
4.7
16,030
4.7
18,950
4.6
21,550
4.9
23,288
5.2
23,394
5.2
23,644
5.2
23,611
5.2
Canada
..............................
14,320
4.6
15,410
4.5
18,350
4.5
20,970
4.8
22,655
5.0
22,747
5.0
23,005
5.1
22,984
5.0
Oceania
..................................
4,180
1.3
4,030
1.2
4,230
1.0
4,300
1.0
3,857
0.9
4,327
1.0
4,202
0.9
3,690
0.8
South
and
East
Asia
..............
94,640
30.3
156,830
45.6
229,830
56.4
260,670
59.4
264,693
58.9
261,789
57.8
259,893
57.3
260,743
56.9
East
Asia
...........................
51,650
16.6
80,720
23.5
146,020
35.8
168,410
38.4
171,279
38.1
168,190
37.2
166,717
36.7
167,935
36.7
China
..............................
2,770
0.9
13,980
4.1
39,600
9.7
45,130
10.3
44,381
9.9
39,403
8.7
39,613
8.7
42,503
9.3
Hong
Kong
.....................
9,660
3.1
10,710
3.1
12,630
3.1
14,020
3.2
13,752
3.1
12,935
2.9
12,018
2.6
10,942
2.4
Japan
.............................
13,500
4.3
13,360
3.9
36,610
9.0
42,840
9.8
43,770
9.7
45,276
10.0
45,531
10.0
46,292
10.1
Korea,
Republic
of
.........
6,150
2.0
18,660
5.4
23,360
5.7
28,520
6.5
31,076
6.9
33,599
7.4
36,231
8.0
37,130
8.1
Taiwan
............................
19,460
6.2
23,770
6.9
33,530
8.2
37,430
8.5
37,581
8.4
36,407
8.0
32,702
7.2
30,487
6.7
South
Central
Asia
............
14,540
4.7
25,800
7.5
42,370
10.4
50,430
11.5
48,941
10.9
47,836
10.6
45,401
10.0
44,256
9.7
India
...............................
9,250
3.0
16,070
4.7
28,860
7.1
35,950
8.2
34,796
7.7
33,537
7.4
31,743
7.0
30,641
6.7
Pakistan
.........................
2,990
1.0
5,440
1.6
7,730
1.9
8,020
1.8
7,299
1.6
6,989
1.5
6,427
1.4
6,095
1.3
South
East
Asia
.................
28,450
9.1
50,310
14.6
41,440
10.2
41,830
9.5
44,461
9.9
45,763
10.1
47,774
10.5
48,550
10.6
Indonesia
........................
3,250
1.0
8,210
2.4
9,520
2.3
10,920
2.5
11,744
2.6
11,872
2.6
12,820
2.8
12,461
2.7
Malaysia
.........................
6,010
1.9
23,020
6.7
13,610
3.3
12,660
2.9
13,718
3.1
13,617
3.0
14,015
3.1
14,527
3.2
Philippines
......................
 
 
3,920
1.1
4,270
1.0
3,700
0.8
3,528
0.8
3,472
0.8
3,127
0.7
2,796
0.6
Singapore
.......................
 
 
3,930
1.1
4,500
1.1
4,860
1.1
4,823
1.1
4,473
1.0
4,098
0.9
3,727
0.8
Thailand
.........................
6,550
2.1
6,940
2.0
7,090
1.7
8,630
2.0
9,537
2.1
10,889
2.4
12,165
2.7
13,481
2.9
Stateless
3
...............................
240
0.1
190
0.1
80
(
4)
80
(
4)
100
(
4)
105
(
4)
30
(
4)
109
(
4)

1
1990
 
91
and
later
years
data
are
for
Germany,
which
includes
the
former
Federal
Republic
of
Germany
and
the
former
Democratic
Republic
of
Germany.
2
Excludes
Mexico
and
Central
America,
which
are
included
with
Latin
America.
3
Home
country
unknown
or
undeclared.
4
Less
than
.05
percent.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
for
``
nonimmigrants,''
i.
e.,
students
who
have
not
migrated
to
this
country.
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
Institute
of
International
Education,
``
Open
Doors,''
various
years;
and
unpublished
data.
(
Latest
edition
copyright
Ó
 
1997
by
the
Institute
of
International
Education
All
rights
reserved.)
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1998.)
471
CHAPTER
7
Learning
Resources
and
Technology
This
chapter
contains
statistics
on
libraries
and
on
the
use
of
information
technologies.
These
data
show
the
extent
of
America's
access
to
information
technologies
outside
of
formal
classroom
activities.
The
data
also
provide
a
capsule
description
of
the
magnitude
and
availability
of
library
resources.
Access
to
information
has
been
widely
cited
as
the
key
to
success
in
a
growing
number
of
endeavors.
Thus,
how
information
is
made
available
and
to
whom
are
matters
of
concern.
The
first
section
of
the
chapter
deals
with
public
libraries
public
and
private
school
libraries,
and
college
and
university
libraries.
It
contains
data
on
collections
population
served,
staff,
and
expenditures.
Two
tables
provide
institutional­
level
information
for
the
largest
public
libraries
and
the
largest
college
libraries
in
the
country.
The
second
half
of
the
chapter
provides
information
on
the
availability
and
use
of
technology.
For
example
the
proportion
of
children
using
computers
at
school
is
shown
over
time.
Also
included
are
data
on
the
use
of
home
computers
by
adults
and
school
children,
with
comparisons
among
various
demographic
groups.
Related
data
may
be
found
in
various
sections
of
this
report.
For
example,
statistics
on
the
number
of
degrees
conferred
in
computer
and
information
sciences
and
library
sciences
are
in
chapter
3.
Further
information
on
survey
methodologies
is
in
the
``
Guide
to
Sources''
and
in
the
publications
cited
in
the
source
notes.

Resources
In
1993
 
94,
there
were
83
school
library
visits
each
week
per
100
public
school
students.
Elementary
school
students
were
more
likely
to
visit
their
school
libraries
(
89
visits
per
100
students
each
week)
than
secondary
school
students
(
69
per
100).
Private
school
students
were
slightly
less
likely
to
visit
their
libraries
(
77
per
100).
The
average
number
of
library
staff
per
school
was
1.8
at
public
schools,
and
1.2
at
private
schools.
Public
school
libraries
generally
had
smaller
numbers
of
books
on
a
per
student
basis
than
private
school
libraries.
In
1993
 
94,
public
school
libraries
held
an
average
of
2,585
books
per
100
students
compared
to
an
average
of
3,716
per
100
students
at
private
schools.
Although
public
elementary
school
libraries
had
slightly
smaller
holdings
than
public
secondary
schools
on
a
per
student
basis,
the
elementary
school
students
checked
out
twice
as
many
books
on
a
per
student
basis
(
1.5
per
week
compared
to
.7
per
week)
(
table
415).
In
1995,
there
were
8,981
public
libraries
in
the
United
States
with
695
million
books
and
serial
volumes
The
annual
attendance
per
capita
was
3.9
and
the
reference
transactions
per
capita
was
1.1
(
table
423).
The
increase
in
college
library
resources
kept
pace
with
increases
in
enrollment
between
1984
 
85
and
1994
 
95.
The
library
staff
to
student
ratio
decreased
slightly
from
153
students
per
staff
member
to
150
students
per
staff
member.
The
library
operating
expenditure
per
student
average
rose
9
percent
in
constant
dollars
to
$
417
in
1994
 
95.
However,
other
college
expenditures
rose
faster
than
library
expenditures
and
the
proportion
of
college
education
budgets
spent
on
libraries
fell
from
3.4
percent
in
1984
 
85
to
2.9
percent
in
1994
 
95
(
table
420).

Technology
There
has
been
widespread
introduction
of
computers
into
the
schools
in
recent
years.
In
1997,
the
average
public
school
contained
75
computers.
One
important
technological
advance
that
has
come
to
schools
following
the
introduction
of
computers
has
been
connections
to
the
Internet.
The
proportion
of
schools
with
Internet
access
has
increased
rapidly
from
35
percent
in
1994
to
89
percent
in
1998.
Although
some
access
is
now
widespread,
most
schools
are
not
extensively
connected.
About
51
percent
of
instructional
rooms
had
access
to
the
Internet
in
1998
(
table
419).
The
total
computer
usage
rate
of
students
at
school
increased
from
59
percent
in
1993,
to
69
percent
in
October
1997.
The
rate
for
grades
1
to
8
increased
from
69
percent
in
1989
to
79
percent
in
1997.
The
computer
usage
rate
in
1997
was
70
percent
for
students
in
high
school
and
55
percent
for
students
in
college.
Sizable
percentages
of
students
used
computers
at
home,
though
fewer
actually
used
them
for
schoolwork.
About
43
percent
of
elementary
school
children
used
computers
at
home
and
about
24
percent
used
them
for
schoolwork.
Students
at
the
high
school
and
undergraduate
level
were
much
472
LEARNING
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY
more
likely
than
elementary
school
children
to
use
home
computers
for
schoolwork.
In
general,
students
in
higher
income
families
were
more
likely
to
use
computers
at
home
and
use
them
for
schoolwork
than
students
from
lower
income
families.
About
13
percent
of
the
high
school
students
in
the
$
25,000
to
$
29,999
household
income
group
used
computers
at
home
for
school
work
compared
to
45
percent
in
the
$
75,000
and
over
income
group
(
table
428).
The
use
of
computers
has
become
widespread
in
the
workplace.
In
October
1997,
50
percent
of
all
workers
used
computers
on
the
job.
More
frequent
use
of
computers
was
associated
with
higher
levels
of
education
and
higher
incomes.
Only
36
percent
of
the
high
school
graduates
and
12
percent
of
the
high
school
dropouts
used
computers
compared
to
79
percent
of
those
with
master's
degrees.
Among
those
who
did
use
computers,
the
master's
degree
recipients
were
more
likely
to
use
the
computers
for
a
wider
variety
of
applications
than
high
school
graduates
Among
the
most
common
applications
for
all
employees
using
computers
on
the
job
were:
bookkeeping
invoicing
(
66
percent),
word
processing
(
57
percent),
communications
(
47
percent),
analysis/
spreadsheets
(
41
percent),
and
calendar/
schedule
(
38
percent).
Workers
in
the
25­
to
59­
year­
old
age
range
were
more
likely
to
use
computers
than
younger
or
older
workers.
Elementary
and
secondary
teachers
were
less
likely
to
use
computers
than
persons
employed
in
other
managerial
or
professional
fields
(
table
424).

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Fast
Response
Survey
System,
Advanced
Telecommunications
in
U.
S.
Elementary
and
Secondary
Public
Schools,
Fall
1996,
and
Internet
Access
in
Public
Schools
and
Classrooms:
1994­
98.
1994
1995
1996
1997
1994
1995
1996
1997
Schools
with
Internet
access
Instructional
rooms
with
Internet
access
Figure
33.­
Percent
of
all
public
schools
and
instructional
rooms
having
Internet
access:
Fall
1994
to
fall
1998
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
35
3
50
8
65
14
78
27
89
51
Fall
Percent
1998
1998
473
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
415.
 
Percentage
of
school
library/
media
centers
that
offered
selected
services
and
equipment,
and
library/
media
center
expenditures,
by
control
and
level
of
school:
1993
 
94
Selected
statistics
Public
Private
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
Total
Elementary
Secondary
Combined
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Number
of
schools
with
libraries
............
72,286
 
53,059
 
17,356
 
1,871
 
19,301
 
10,880
 
4,178
 
4,243
 
Average
number
of
staff
per
library
Total
.............................................................
1.81
(
0.02)
1.69
(
0.03)
2.12
(
0.03)
1.71
(
0.07)
1.23
(
0.03)
1.09
(
0.03)
1.58
(
0.06)
1.25
(
0.07)
Certified
library/
media
specialists
...........
0.86
(
0.01)
0.79
(
0.02)
1.03
(
0.02)
0.79
(
0.05)
0.28
(
0.01)
0.20
(
0.02)
0.47
(
0.03)
0.30
(
0.02)
Full­
time
..............................................
0.61
(
0.01)
0.51
(
0.01)
0.84
(
0.02)
0.51
(
0.03)
0.17
(
0.01)
0.07
(
0.01)
0.35
(
0.03)
0.21
(
0.02)
Part­
time
..............................................
0.25
(
0.01)
0.28
(
0.02)
0.19
(
0.01)
0.28
(
0.04)
0.11
(
0.01)
0.12
(
0.02)
0.11
(
0.01)
0.09
(
0.02)
Other
professional
staff
..........................
0.27
(
0.01)
0.27
(
0.01)
0.26
(
0.02)
0.29
(
0.03)
0.66
(
0.02)
0.65
(
0.02)
0.65
(
0.04)
0.70
(
0.06)
Full­
time
..............................................
0.13
(
0.01)
0.13
(
0.01)
0.14
(
0.01)
0.13
(
0.03)
0.23
(
0.02)
0.19
(
0.01)
0.26
(
0.03)
0.32
(
0.04)
Part­
time
..............................................
0.13
(
0.01)
0.14
(
0.01)
0.13
(
0.01)
0.16
(
0.02)
0.43
(
0.01)
0.47
(
0.02)
0.39
(
0.03)
0.39
(
0.04)
Other
paid
employees
............................
0.68
(
0.02)
0.63
(
0.02)
0.83
(
0.02)
0.62
(
0.04)
0.29
(
0.02)
0.24
(
0.02)
0.46
(
0.03)
0.25
(
0.03)
Full­
time
..............................................
0.34
(
0.01)
0.28
(
0.01)
0.49
(
0.02)
0.29
(
0.03)
0.07
(
0.01)
0.05
(
0.01)
0.12
(
0.02)
0.07
(
0.01)
Part­
time
..............................................
0.34
(
0.01)
0.34
(
0.02)
0.34
(
0.02)
0.33
(
0.03)
0.22
(
0.01)
0.19
(
0.02)
0.34
(
0.02)
0.18
(
0.03)

Percentage
of
schools'
library
media
centers
with
the
following
equipment
Telephone
....................................................
61.2
(
1.3)
55.8
(
1.8)
74.7
(
1.6)
51.6
(
3.3)
40.8
(
1.3)
30.7
(
1.6)
52.8
(
2.5)
54.6
(
4.2)
Fax
machine
................................................
7.8
(
0.5)
4.7
(
0.6)
15.1
(
0.8)
8.8
(
1.4)
5.1
(
0.5)
3.1
(
0.6)
7.9
(
1.1)
7.4
(
1.2)
Computer
with
modem
................................
34.3
(
1.0)
28.3
(
1.2)
48.2
(
1.5)
38.1
(
3.0)
19.5
(
1.0)
12.2
(
1.5)
30.2
(
1.9)
27.9
(
2.7)
Automated
catalog
......................................
24.0
(
0.9)
20.3
(
1.1)
32.8
(
1.1)
20.5
(
1.9)
9.7
(
0.7)
5.5
(
0.5)
15.8
(
1.9)
14.4
(
2.3)
Automated
circulation
system
.....................
37.9
(
1.1)
34.1
(
1.6)
47.7
(
1.3)
27.8
(
2.6)
9.5
(
0.7)
5.4
(
0.6)
16.0
(
1.8)
13.8
(
1.8)
Database
searching
with
CD­
ROM
.............
31.2
(
0.8)
23.9
(
1.2)
48.1
(
1.3)
31.4
(
3.1)
13.9
(
0.8)
6.3
(
0.8)
25.7
(
1.6)
21.6
(
2.2)
On­
line
database
searching
........................
9.4
(
0.5)
5.4
(
0.5)
18.9
(
0.9)
8.8
(
1.5)
5.5
(
0.5)
0.7
(
0.3)
12.2
(
1.2)
11.0
(
1.7)
Compact
disc
for
periodical
indices,
etc.
....
46.7
(
1.1)
39.6
(
1.5)
63.5
(
1.3)
46.6
(
3.7)
19.6
(
1.0)
12.3
(
1.1)
33.5
(
2.2)
24.6
(
2.2)
Video
laser
disc
...........................................
31.9
(
1.0)
30.3
(
1.3)
36.1
(
1.3)
26.1
(
2.8)
6.3
(
0.6)
4.8
(
0.7)
9.9
(
1.2)
6.9
(
1.1)
Connection
to
Internet
.................................
12.0
(
0.6)
9.5
(
0.8)
17.5
(
0.8)
15.0
(
1.9)
5.3
(
0.5)
2.8
(
0.8)
9.2
(
1.1)
7.5
(
1.2)
Cable
television
...........................................
76.2
(
0.8)
75.0
(
1.1)
80.6
(
0.9)
57.7
(
3.6)
39.9
(
1.3)
42.6
(
2.0)
43.1
(
2.8)
30.1
(
2.7)
Broadcast
television
....................................
48.6
(
1.0)
48.0
(
1.4)
49.9
(
1.3)
48.1
(
3.1)
39.9
(
1.6)
42.9
(
1.9)
39.7
(
2.5)
32.2
(
3.9)
Closed
circuit
television
...............................
25.5
(
0.7)
22.0
(
1.0)
34.0
(
1.0)
20.9
(
2.2)
8.8
(
0.7)
5.7
(
1.0)
19.2
(
1.6)
6.3
(
1.5)
Satellite
dish
................................................
22.9
(
0.6)
14.4
(
0.7)
41.1
(
1.1)
45.2
(
3.0)
8.7
(
0.9)
5.6
(
0.9)
15.6
(
1.2)
9.8
(
2.5)

Total
students
using
library
per
100
students
each
week
1
...................................
83.4
(
0.4)
88.9
(
0.5)
68.6
(
0.9)
66.4
(
1.8)
76.5
(
0.9)
84.9
(
1.0)
64.6
(
1.7)
60.0
(
2.6)

Books
checked
out
per
100
students
each
week
1
......................................................
128
(
2)
150
(
3)
67
(
4)
85
(
8)
116
(
18)
146
(
28)
47
(
8)
68
(
5)

Percentage
of
schools
offering
 
Microcomputers
......................................
90.1
(
0.7)
88.5
(
1.0)
94.0
(
1.0)
87.4
(
1.5)
75.8
(
1.6)
72.8
(
2.1)
80.6
(
2.9)
78.5
(
3.5)
Long
distance
learning
...........................
19.0
(
0.8)
15.9
(
1.1)
24.8
(
1.0)
36.4
(
2.6)
8.8
(
0.9)
8.3
(
0.9)
8.2
(
1.6)
10.9
(
2.9)

Average
holdings
per
100
students
at
the
end
of
the
1992
 
93
school
year
Books
(
number
of
volumes)
........................
2,585
(
57)
2,467
(
81)
2,891
(
101)
3,085
(
262)
3,716
(
252)
3,455
(
349)
5,383
(
726)
3,677
(
286)
Current
serial
subscriptions
(
print/
microfilm)
9
(
2)
7
(
2)
14
(
1)
15
(
3)
8
(
1)
7
(
1)
16
(
1)
8
(
1)
Video
materials
(
tape
and
disc)
..................
38
(
2)
35
(
2)
46
(
2)
70
(
11)
47
(
5)
44
(
5)
50
(
6)
54
(
10)
Other
audiovisual
materials
.........................
116
(
4)
114
(
6)
117
(
7)
187
(
24)
76
(
6)
74
(
5)
120
(
16)
63
(
16)
Microcomputer
software
..............................
18
(
1)
20
(
1)
12
(
1)
21
(
2)
26
(
4)
28
(
5)
11
(
4)
26
(
9)
CD­
ROM
titles
.............................................
1
(
2)
1
(
2)
2
(
2)
3
(
2)
1
(
2)
 
(
2)
2
(
1)
2
(
1)

Locally
budgeted
expenditures
3
per
student,
1992
 
93
Books
...........................................................
$
8.52
(
0.23)
$
7.80
(
0.25)
$
10.06
(
0.42)
$
14.40
(
2.06)
$
7.86
(
0.45)
$
6.94
(
0.52)
$
12.86
(
1.26)
$
8.09
(
0.97)
Current
serial
subscriptions
(
print/
microfilm)
2.18
(
0.05)
1.49
(
0.06)
4.15
(
0.14)
3.33
(
0.30)
1.57
(
0.09)
0.95
(
0.10)
4.83
(
0.36)
1.78
(
0.20)
Video
materials
(
tape
and
disc)
..................
1.24
(
0.04)
1.04
(
0.05)
1.77
(
0.10)
1.74
(
0.35)
1.07
(
0.09)
0.87
(
0.08)
1.49
(
0.15)
1.40
(
0.27)
Other
audiovisual
materials
.........................
0.82
(
0.04)
0.77
(
0.06)
0.87
(
0.07)
1.54
(
0.30)
0.55
(
0.05)
0.55
(
0.06)
0.72
(
0.10)
0.45
(
0.11)
Microcomputer
software
..............................
1.09
(
0.09)
0.89
(
0.07)
1.50
(
0.35)
2.84
(
0.90)
1.41
(
0.19)
1.25
(
0.20)
1.86
(
0.59)
1.63
(
0.36)
CD­
ROM
titles
.............................................
0.63
(
0.05)
0.38
(
0.06)
1.24
(
0.09)
2.09
(
0.53)
0.69
(
0.17)
0.59
(
0.25)
1.69
(
0.18)
0.53
(
0.11)

Expenditures
(
all
sources)
per
student,
1992
 
93
Total,
library/
media
materials
......................
17.18
(
0.35)
14.86
(
0.45)
22.71
(
0.82)
31.11
(
3.02)
15.96
(
0.80)
13.68
(
0.92)
27.29
(
2.29)
16.99
(
1.53)
Microcomputer
hardware
........................
3.84
(
0.25)
3.43
(
0.33)
4.73
(
0.46)
7.15
(
1.42)
3.60
(
0.59)
2.62
(
0.55)
8.68
(
1.87)
3.98
(
1.27)
Audiovisual
equipment
...........................
2.24
(
0.15)
2.00
(
0.17)
2.98
(
0.46)
2.25
(
0.30)
1.57
(
0.19)
1.39
(
0.25)
3.12
(
0.60)
1.37
(
0.32)
On­
line
database
searching/
electronic
communications
...................................
0.30
(
0.04)
0.25
(
0.06)
0.43
(
0.05)
0.55
(
0.26)
0.31
(
0.13)
0.29
(
0.19)
0.60
(
0.16)
0.24
(
0.06)

1
During
the
most
recent
full
week
of
school.

2
Standard
error
less
than
.5.

3
Locally
budgeted
expenditures
exclude
federal
gifts
and
grants.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Percentages
are
based
on
schools
that
have
library/
media
centers.
In
school
year
1990
 
91,
96
percent
of
public
schools
had
library/
media
centers.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
474
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
416.
 
Selected
statistics
on
public
school
library/
media
centers,
by
level
and
enrollment
size
of
school:
1993
 
94
Selected
statisics
Public
elementary
secondary,
and
combined
Elementary
libraries,
by
enrollment
size
of
school
Secondary
libraries,
by
enrollment
size
of
school
Total
Less
than
150
150
to
499
500
to
749
750
or
more
Total
Less
than
150
150
to
499
500
to
749
750
or
more
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Number
of
schools
with
libraries
.......................
72,286
 
53,059
 
4,068
 
27,288
 
15,587
 
6,116
 
17,536
 
1,991
 
5,431
 
3,610
 
6,503
 
Average
number
of
staff
per
library
Total
................................
1.81
(
0.02)
1.69
(
0.03)
1.39
(
0.09)
1.61
(
0.04)
1.76
(
0.05)
2.03
(
0.07)
2.12
(
0.03)
1.66
(
0.09)
1.73
(
0.04)
1.80
(
0.05)
2.90
(
0.04)
Certified
library/
media
specialists
...............
0.86
(
0.01)
0.79
(
0.02)
0.65
(
0.07)
0.75
(
0.03)
0.85
(
0.04)
0.90
(
0.04)
1.03
(
0.02)
0.80
(
0.06)
0.93
(
0.03)
0.98
(
0.03)
1.36
(
0.03)
Full­
time
..................
0.61
(
0.01)
0.51
(
0.01)
0.13
(
0.04)
0.42
(
0.02)
0.66
(
0.02)
0.82
(
0.04)
0.84
(
0.02)
0.28
(
0.04)
0.68
(
0.02)
0.92
(
0.02)
1.27
(
0.02)
Part­
time
.................
0.25
(
0.01)
0.28
(
0.02)
0.52
(
0.06)
0.33
(
0.02)
0.19
(
0.03)
0.08
(
0.02)
0.19
(
0.01)
0.52
(
0.05)
0.24
(
0.02)
0.06
(
0.01)
0.09
(
0.01)
Other
professional
staff
..........................
0.27
(
0.01)
0.27
(
0.01)
0.30
(
0.05)
0.27
(
0.02)
0.25
(
0.02)
0.31
(
0.04)
0.26
(
0.02)
0.33
(
0.05)
0.23
(
0.03)
0.17
(
0.02)
0.25
(
0.02)
Full­
time
..................
0.13
(
0.01)
0.13
(
0.01)
0.09
(
0.02)
0.13
(
0.01)
0.12
(
0.02)
0.22
(
0.03)
0.14
(
0.01)
0.13
(
0.04)
0.11
(
0.02)
0.08
(
0.02)
0.17
(
0.02)
Part­
time
.................
0.13
(
0.01)
0.14
(
0.01)
0.21
(
0.04)
0.14
(
0.02)
0.13
(
0.02)
0.09
(
0.03)
0.13
(
0.01)
0.19
(
0.03)
0.11
(
0.02)
0.09
(
0.02)
0.08
(
0.01)
Other
paid
employees
0.68
(
0.02)
0.63
(
0.02)
0.44
(
0.06)
0.59
(
0.03)
0.66
(
0.04)
0.82
(
0.06)
0.83
(
0.02)
0.54
(
0.06)
0.57
(
0.04)
0.66
(
0.05)
1.29
(
0.04)
Full­
time
..................
0.34
(
0.01)
0.28
(
0.01)
0.10
(
0.03)
0.22
(
0.02)
0.34
(
0.03)
0.51
(
0.04)
0.49
(
0.02)
0.28
(
0.04)
0.27
(
0.03)
0.39
(
0.03)
0.86
(
0.03)
Part­
time
.................
0.34
(
0.01)
0.34
(
0.02)
0.34
(
0.05)
0.37
(
0.03)
0.32
(
0.03)
0.31
(
0.04)
0.34
(
0.02)
0.26
(
0.04)
0.31
(
0.02)
0.27
(
0.04)
0.43
(
0.02)
Percentage
of
schools'
library
media
centers
with
the
following
equipment
Telephone
.......................
61.2
(
1.3)
55.8
(
1.8)
40.1
(
5.0)
49.4
(
2.3)
64.0
(
2.8)
73.8
(
4.0)
74.7
(
1.6)
42.7
(
4.9)
68.0
(
2.6)
85.5
(
1.9)
92.9
(
1.0)
Fax
machine
....................
7.8
(
0.5)
4.7
(
0.6)
8.2
(
2.6)
3.4
(
0.7)
5.7
(
1.3)
5.1
(
1.4)
15.1
(
0.8)
11.5
(
2.3)
16.4
(
1.5)
18.7
(
2.3)
18.5
(
1.3)
Computer
with
modem
....
34.3
(
1.0)
28.3
(
1.2)
21.9
(
4.5)
24.9
(
1.7)
33.4
(
2.8)
34.6
(
3.1)
48.2
(
1.5)
46.4
(
4.1)
47.3
(
2.6)
51.3
(
2.9)
59.0
(
2.0)
Automated
catalog
..........
24.0
(
0.9)
20.3
(
1.1)
14.2
(
3.8)
17.5
(
1.4)
24.9
(
2.1)
25.4
(
2.2)
32.8
(
1.1)
21.6
(
3.5)
25.9
(
2.1)
32.2
(
2.7)
43.6
(
1.7)
Automated
circulation
system
........................
37.9
(
1.1)
34.1
(
1.6)
16.0
(
3.8)
28.5
(
1.9)
40.4
(
2.7)
55.0
(
3.3)
47.7
(
1.3)
22.4
(
3.9)
41.6
(
2.5)
48.0
(
3.1)
64.7
(
1.8)
Database
searching
with
CD­
ROM
.....................
31.2
(
0.8)
23.9
(
1.2)
23.3
(
3.3)
21.9
(
1.7)
25.3
(
2.6)
30.1
(
2.8)
48.1
(
1.3)
35.5
(
4.1)
48.6
(
2.3)
53.1
(
3.1)
63.0
(
2.1)
On­
line
database
searching
.....................
9.4
(
0.5)
5.4
(
0.5)
6.0
(
1.3)
4.1
(
0.7)
7.1
(
1.3)
6.8
(
1.3)
18.9
(
0.9)
14.6
(
2.2)
19.9
(
2.0)
20.5
(
2.6)
26.3
(
1.4)
Compact
disc
for
periodical
indices,
etc.
46.7
(
1.1)
39.6
(
1.5)
27.0
(
3.5)
37.5
(
2.1)
42.6
(
2.7)
49.5
(
3.4)
63.5
(
1.3)
50.4
(
3.9)
62.4
(
2.3)
69.8
(
2.7)
76.9
(
1.5)
Video
laser
disc
...............
31.9
(
1.0)
30.3
(
1.3)
19.6
(
4.8)
24.8
(
1.7)
37.2
(
2.3)
44.3
(
3.1)
36.1
(
1.3)
20.0
(
4.3)
27.5
(
2.1)
41.1
(
2.1)
43.5
(
1.7)
Connection
to
Internet
.....
12.0
(
0.6)
9.5
(
0.8)
5.0
(
1.3)
8.7
(
1.4)
11.9
(
1.8)
10.0
(
1.5)
17.5
(
0.8)
12.3
(
2.8)
18.5
(
1.7)
18.9
(
2.5)
23.8
(
1.6)
Cable
television
...............
76.2
(
0.8)
75.0
(
1.1)
59.8
(
4.9)
78.0
(
1.6)
74.7
(
2.3)
73.0
(
3.0)
80.6
(
0.9)
65.5
(
4.5)
80.3
(
1.9)
81.9
(
2.5)
83.9
(
1.1)
Broadcast
television
........
48.6
(
1.0)
48.0
(
1.4)
47.0
(
4.8)
45.2
(
1.6)
51.5
(
2.5)
52.3
(
4.1)
49.9
(
1.3)
36.4
(
4.3)
46.0
(
2.7)
52.0
(
3.1)
59.4
(
1.5)
Closed
circuit
television
..
25.5
(
0.7)
22.0
(
1.0)
7.0
(
2.1)
19.2
(
1.4)
23.1
(
2.0)
41.4
(
2.9)
34.0
(
1.0)
14.3
(
3.4)
26.8
(
2.0)
46.1
(
3.1)
44.5
(
1.5)
Satellite
dish
....................
22.9
(
0.6)
14.4
(
0.7)
15.4
(
2.8)
13.6
(
1.2)
12.7
(
1.4)
21.3
(
3.1)
41.1
(
1.1)
48.1
(
4.9)
53.3
(
2.2)
54.5
(
2.7)
42.4
(
1.8)
Total
students
using
library
per
100
students
each
week
1
................
83.4
(
0.4)
88.9
(
0.5)
93.6
(
1.0)
91.7
(
0.7)
88.0
(
1.0)
75.1
(
2.0)
68.6
(
0.9)
87.9
(
2.5)
74.2
(
1.4)
67.0
(
1.8)
58.9
(
1.1)
Books
checked
out
per
100
students
each
week
1
..........................
128
(
2)
150
(
3)
222
(
11.5)
161
(
5.2)
134
(
4.6)
93
(
4.7)
67
(
4.0)
227
(
21.3)
66
(
4.2)
46
(
3.6)
31
(
1.1)
Percentage
of
schools
offering
 
Microcomputers
..........
90.1
(
0.7)
88.5
(
1.0)
79.2
(
3.4)
89.1
(
1.6)
88.4
(
2.0)
92.1
(
2.2)
94.0
(
1.0)
88.4
(
2.7)
96.4
(
1.1)
96.4
(
0.9)
96.5
(
0.8)
Long
distance
learning
19.0
(
0.8)
15.9
(
1.1)
16.7
(
2.7)
16.3
(
1.6)
14.4
(
1.7)
17.5
(
2.6)
24.8
(
1.0)
33.0
(
3.0)
26.6
(
1.6)
25.6
(
2.0)
25.3
(
1.4)
Average
holdings
per
100
students
at
the
end
of
the
1992
 
93
school
year
Books
(
number
of
volumes)
......................
2,585
(
57)
2,467
(
81)
5,774
(
355)
2,721
(
124)
1,600
(
46)
1,340
(
37)
2,891
(
101)
10,071
(
815)
2,809
(
79)
1,822
(
50)
1,354
(
22)
Current
serial
subscriptions
(
print/
microfilm)
...........
9
(
2)
7
(
2)
25
(
3)
7
(
2)
4
(
2)
3
(
2)
14
(
1)
55
(
4)
14
(
2)
8
(
2)
5
(
0)
Video
materials
(
tape
and
disc)
............................
38
(
2)
35
(
2)
91
(
12)
36
(
4)
24
(
2)
20
(
2)
46
(
2)
129
(
15)
49
(
3)
35
(
2)
23
(
1)
Other
audiovisual
materials
......................
116
(
4)
114
(
6)
183
(
37)
122
(
8)
96
(
9)
73
(
8)
117
(
7)
267
(
34)
123
(
17)
102
(
10)
74
(
4)
Microcomputer
software
..
18
(
1)
20
(
1)
60
(
13)
22
(
2)
11
(
1)
10
(
1)
12
(
1)
47
(
11)
8
(
1)
8
(
1)
6
(
0)
CD­
ROM
titles
.................
1
(
2)
1
(
2)
2
(
2)
1
(
2)
1
(
2)
0
(
2)
2
(
2)
9
(
1)
1
(
2)
1
(
2)
1
(
2)
Locally
budgeted
expenditures
3
per
student,
1992
 
93
Books
..............................
$
8.52
(
0.23)
$
7.80
(
0.25)
$
17.30
(
1.3)
$
7.95
(
0.3)
$
6.36
(
0.4)
$
4.49
(
0.3)
$
10.06
(
0.4)
$
28.34
(
2.3)
$
11.20
(
0.7)
$
6.84
(
0.4)
$
5.30
(
0.2)
Current
serial
subscriptions
(
print/
microfilm)
...........
2.18
(
0.05)
1.49
(
0.06)
4.66
(
0.47)
1.53
(
0.08)
0.89
(
0.05)
0.76
(
0.06)
4.15
(
0.14)
13.59
(
1.05)
4.11
(
0.22)
2.84
(
0.15)
2.02
(
0.06)
Video
materials
(
tape
and
disc)
.............................
1.24
(
0.04)
1.04
(
0.05)
2.58
(
0.37)
0.97
(
0.05)
0.91
(
0.07)
0.67
(
0.07)
1.77
(
0.10)
5.67
(
0.67)
1.75
(
0.15)
1.26
(
0.11)
0.89
(
0.05)
Other
audiovisual
materials
......................
0.82
(
0.04)
0.77
(
0.06)
1.30
(
0.49)
0.79
(
0.07)
0.70
(
0.06)
0.53
(
0.07)
0.87
(
0.07)
2.63
(
0.53)
0.89
(
0.09)
0.64
(
0.08)
0.45
(
0.03)
Microcomputer
software
..
1.09
(
0.09)
0.89
(
0.07)
1.95
(
0.47)
0.92
(
0.09)
0.77
(
0.13)
0.41
(
0.06)
1.50
(
0.35)
7.52
(
3.10)
1.07
(
0.13)
0.69
(
0.10)
0.46
(
0.03)
CD­
ROM
titles
.................
0.63
(
0.05)
0.38
(
0.06)
0.92
(
0.28)
0.33
(
0.04)
0.42
(
0.16)
0.16
(
0.02)
1.24
(
0.09)
3.76
(
0.55)
1.24
(
0.13)
0.84
(
0.10)
0.69
(
0.04)
Expenditures
(
all
sources)
per
student,
1992
 
93
Total,
library/
media
materials
.....................
17.18
(
0.35)
14.86
(
0.45)
35.43
(
2.38)
15.31
(
0.58)
11.19
(
0.55)
8.51
(
0.43)
22.71
(
0.82)
69.98
(
5.56)
23.74
(
0.98)
14.91
(
0.71)
11.72
(
0.35)
Microcomputer
hardware
..................
3.84
(
0.25)
3.43
(
0.33)
10.82
(
3.37)
2.91
(
0.30)
3.10
(
0.49)
1.72
(
0.26)
4.73
(
0.46)
7.81
(
2.43)
5.68
(
1.15)
4.06
(
0.71)
3.36
(
0.39)
Audiovisual
equipment
2.24
(
0.15)
2.00
(
0.17)
5.21
(
1.73)
1.71
(
0.13)
1.88
(
0.24)
1.45
(
0.26)
2.98
(
0.46)
10.44
(
4.10)
2.75
(
0.24)
1.70
(
0.15)
1.59
(
0.10)
On­
line
database
searching/
searching
electronic
communications
......
0.30
(
0.04)
0.25
(
0.06)
0.30
(
0.13)
0.27
(
0.08)
0.26
(
0.15)
0.11
(
0.03)
0.43
(
0.05)
0.79
(
0.31)
0.62
(
0.14)
0.27
(
0.05)
0.26
(
0.04)

1
During
the
most
recent
full
week
of
school.

2
Standard
error
less
than
.5.

3
Locally
budgeted
expenditures
exclude
federal
gifts
and
grants.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Percentages
are
based
on
schools
that
have
library/
media
centers.
In
school
year
1990
 
91,
96
percent
of
public
schools
had
library/
media
centers.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
475
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
417.
 
Selected
statistics
on
public
school
library/
media
centers,
by
state:
1993
 
94
State
or
other
area
Percent
of
centers
offering
selected
services/
equipment
Books
held
per
100
students
Total
students
using
library
per
100
students
each
week
1
Total
expenditures
for
materials
per
student
Expenditure
for
microcomputers
for
library
per
student
Expenditure
for
audiovisual
materials
for
library
per
student
Computer
with
modem
Automated
catalog
Database
searching
with
CDROM
On­
line
database
searching
Compact
disc
for
indices
etc.
Connection
to
the
Internet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
United
States
................
34.3
(
1.0)
24.0
(
0.9)
31.2
(
0.8)
9.4
(
0.5)
46.7
(
1.1)
12.0
(
0.6)
2,585
(
57)
83.4
(
0.4)
$
17.18
(
0.35)
$
3.84
(
0.25)
$
2.24
(
0.15)

Alabama
.............................
33.0
(
4.2)
37.6
(
5.9)
29.3
(
4.0)
5.7
(
2.0)
44.1
(
4.6)
3.2
(
1.5)
1,510
(
61)
76.3
(
2.2)
11.22
(
0.62)
1.91
(
0.39)
0.91
(
0.22)
Alaska
................................
34.7
(
3.6)
34.3
(
4.0)
39.7
(
4.7)
6.8
(
1.9)
44.6
(
4.5)
15.1
(
2.3)
4,167
(
260)
85.0
(
2.0)
47.38
(
5.86)
9.76
(
2.55)
1.94
(
0.30)
Arizona
...............................
28.1
(
3.5)
38.3
(
5.3)
28.0
(
4.0)
5.6
(
2.2)
43.0
(
4.4)
6.0
(
1.9)
2,552
(
211)
81.0
(
3.3)
17.55
(
3.05)
4.66
(
1.37)
1.56
(
0.31)
Arkansas
............................
19.0
(
4.0)
18.7
(
4.0)
20.5
(
4.1)
5.6
(
2.4)
29.7
(
4.6)
8.5
(
2.5)
2,377
(
355)
78.3
(
2.8)
15.03
(
1.45)
1.92
(
0.53)
1.56
(
0.29)
California
............................
19.9
(
4.3)
14.0
(
3.4)
23.4
(
3.7)
3.1
(
1.0)
38.0
(
5.7)
6.2
(
2.3)
1,751
(
193)
77.9
(
2.7)
7.26
(
1.00)
3.13
(
0.87)
0.59
(
0.17)

Colorado
............................
47.0
(
4.7)
43.6
(
5.7)
43.3
(
5.5)
30.7
(
4.7)
60.7
(
5.5)
16.3
(
3.5)
2,190
(
177)
80.6
(
2.5)
16.42
(
1.81)
3.01
(
0.57)
1.63
(
0.25)
Connecticut
........................
43.8
(
6.5)
12.8
(
2.7)
45.4
(
5.3)
17.9
(
3.8)
54.4
(
6.0)
6.5
(
2.6)
2,289
(
129)
88.0
(
2.2)
15.71
(
2.06)
2.84
(
1.01)
1.21
(
0.21)
Delaware
............................
41.8
(
3.6)
22.5
(
3.0)
34.7
(
3.5)
14.4
(
2.5)
48.2
(
3.5)
5.7
(
2.0)
1,587
(
84)
80.5
(
2.3)
8.68
(
0.87)
1.63
(
0.24)
0.64
(
0.23)
District
of
Columbia
...........
23.5
(
4.0)
4.4
(
2.2)
25.4
(
2.8)
10.4
(
3.3)
31.2
(
3.2)
1.7
(
1.1)
1,578
(
74)
65.6
(
2.9)
8.06
(
0.69)
0.49
(
0.13)
1.46
(
0.30)
Florida
................................
45.3
(
3.8)
29.8
(
3.3)
39.9
(
3.6)
11.8
(
2.8)
71.0
(
4.0)
21.1
(
3.4)
1,855
430
76.6
(
2.6)
13.61
(
1.98)
1.85
(
0.29)
2.30
(
0.33)

Georgia
..............................
29.8
(
4.7)
48.2
(
4.4)
34.5
(
4.6)
13.6
(
2.6)
46.6
(
4.7)
10.8
(
2.7)
1,535
(
72)
83.9
(
1.6)
13.02
(
0.65)
2.99
(
0.71)
2.21
(
0.38)
Hawaii
................................
75.3
(
5.3)
27.1
(
4.4)
47.7
(
5.7)
24.3
(
4.9)
64.8
(
4.9)
29.4
(
5.0)
1,592
(
100)
83.3
(
2.6)
10.90
(
1.01)
2.77
(
0.46)
1.59
(
0.42)
Idaho
..................................
29.9
(
4.2)
15.4
(
4.0)
21.6
(
4.4)
6.2
(
2.3)
32.1
(
5.1)
8.6
(
3.1)
2,457
(
289)
86.6
(
1.9)
12.20
(
1.24)
2.50
(
0.63)
1.12
(
0.24)
Illinois
.................................
32.2
(
3.5)
17.7
(
3.8)
23.0
(
3.4)
7.9
(
1.7)
36.6
(
4.2)
7.1
(
2.2)
2,517
(
264)
85.7
(
1.8)
13.40
(
1.34)
4.09
(
1.48)
1.59
(
0.19)
Indiana
...............................
29.9
(
6.7)
31.0
(
4.9)
32.0
(
5.9)
2.4
(
0.7)
66.1
(
6.3)
5.5
(
1.2)
2,518
(
387)
86.2
(
2.4)
14.40
(
1.12)
12.45
(
3.24)
2.20
(
0.45)

Iowa
...................................
38.8
(
6.4)
17.4
(
5.0)
44.2
(
5.7)
14.6
(
3.6)
71.2
(
5.7)
8.6
(
3.1)
4,549
(
698)
91.0
(
1.8)
23.04
(
2.23)
5.14
(
2.03)
2.78
(
0.61)
Kansas
...............................
24.9
(
3.0)
31.5
(
4.9)
20.9
(
3.1)
9.7
(
2.0)
46.6
(
4.5)
10.6
(
2.5)
3,797
(
218)
89.1
(
1.8)
30.85
(
2.76)
11.16
(
2.26)
2.93
(
0.49)
Kentucky
............................
30.1
(
6.2)
33.1
(
7.0)
32.3
(
5.5)
4.3
(
2.2)
60.3
(
6.3)
5.3
(
2.4)
1,732
(
110)
84.8
(
2.3)
15.16
(
1.08)
2.32
(
0.51)
2.40
(
0.31)
Louisiana
............................
24.2
(
3.9)
13.9
(
3.5)
21.9
(
3.4)
2.3
(
0.8)
28.1
(
3.8)
6.2
(
2.4)
1,784
(
74)
64.8
(
3.9)
16.18
(
3.82)
1.43
(
0.42)
0.50
(
0.08)
Maine
.................................
33.3
(
5.4)
18.9
(
4.4)
25.5
(
3.8)
5.4
(
2.0)
38.9
(
6.7)
5.4
(
1.6)
2,331
(
169)
89.4
(
2.7)
17.83
(
2.74)
2.21
(
0.58)
0.64
(
0.16)

Maryland
............................
41.0
(
3.9)
15.4
(
3.4)
31.8
(
4.5)
22.3
(
3.1)
46.2
(
4.7)
32.6
(
3.5)
1,510
(
70)
87.0
(
1.8)
11.70
(
0.73)
0.25
(
0.06)
1.65
(
0.45)
Massachusetts
...................
38.2
(
4.9)
9.1
(
1.6)
45.3
(
4.8)
8.9
(
1.6)
46.3
(
4.8)
24.1
(
3.8)
2,523
(
224)
74.8
(
3.9)
10.14
(
1.22)
1.50
(
0.29)
1.77
(
0.52)
Michigan
.............................
42.2
(
7.6)
12.1
(
3.9)
38.1
(
6.3)
10.2
(
3.8)
57.9
(
6.1)
15.1
(
5.3)
1,820
(
100)
83.5
(
4.1)
13.36
(
2.13)
1.62
(
0.55)
1.35
(
0.39)
Minnesota
..........................
35.6
(
4.8)
53.4
(
6.1)
52.9
(
6.1)
13.8
(
3.0)
69.0
(
5.6)
17.3
(
3.6)
3,114
(
253)
86.5
(
2.8)
22.39
(
3.60)
6.01
(
0.96)
4.93
(
1.70)
Mississippi
..........................
9.4
(
2.0)
5.2
(
2.1)
14.2
(
3.9)
3.0
(
1.4)
23.2
(
3.6)
3.1
(
1.3)
1,593
(
69)
74.6
(
2.5)
16.26
(
4.13)
1.58
(
0.62)
1.30
(
0.30)

Missouri
..............................
31.3
(
4.3)
39.4
(
6.7)
31.4
(
5.0)
17.8
(
3.9)
46.0
(
5.9)
15.7
(
4.2)
2,681
(
232)
81.4
(
2.6)
16.95
(
1.64)
2.80
(
0.90)
1.23
(
0.20)
Montana
.............................
50.8
(
4.3)
20.6
(
3.1)
43.7
(
4.1)
17.4
(
3.3)
58.2
(
3.6)
6.2
(
2.0)
9,562
(
1,005)
89.5
(
2.3)
67.92
(
8.98)
15.79
(
6.03)
5.61
(
1.22)
Nebraska
............................
31.6
(
5.0)
29.0
(
4.9)
36.3
(
5.7)
12.1
(
2.5)
58.8
(
6.0)
15.8
(
3.0)
7,103
(
817)
90.3
(
2.7)
41.70
(
4.30)
23.16
(
10.55)
13.52
(
6.68)
Nevada
...............................
18.4
(
4.0)
48.2
(
5.5)
32.2
(
4.5)
3.0
(
1.3)
37.1
(
4.2)
9.4
(
2.9)
1,827
(
168)
87.0
(
1.7)
11.15
(
1.00)
1.46
(
0.38)
0.77
(
0.14)
New
Hampshire
.................
43.9
(
6.6)
21.4
(
4.8)
39.8
(
6.6)
8.2
(
2.6)
51.2
(
5.9)
17.4
(
4.4)
2,221
(
182)
87.1
(
1.8)
18.97
(
1.75)
2.83
(
0.86)
1.41
(
0.24)

New
Jersey
........................
39.1
(
6.8)
28.5
(
6.5)
30.2
(
6.4)
7.2
(
1.4)
46.2
(
7.2)
5.2
(
1.3)
2,954
(
400)
84.2
(
3.0)
22.91
(
3.96)
3.52
(
1.37)
2.05
(
0.88)
New
Mexico
.......................
32.8
(
6.1)
21.9
(
5.3)
32.0
(
4.3)
3.9
(
1.5)
43.1
(
5.5)
7.8
(
2.4)
2,533
(
223)
82.9
(
2.8)
16.80
(
3.05)
1.55
(
0.44)
1.73
(
0.32)
New
York
...........................
39.5
(
5.5)
14.3
(
3.9)
25.2
(
3.4)
12.5
(
2.4)
44.8
(
5.1)
16.0
(
3.6)
2,207
(
213)
82.0
(
3.4)
13.67
(
1.21)
1.56
(
0.46)
1.15
(
0.35)
North
Carolina
....................
40.4
(
4.6)
29.4
(
4.0)
42.0
(
4.3)
10.8
(
1.7)
65.0
(
4.1)
7.9
(
2.3)
1,630
(
50)
80.8
(
2.4)
14.19
(
0.94)
4.39
(
0.53)
2.10
(
0.28)
North
Dakota
......................
65.8
(
5.3)
18.0
(
3.6)
27.3
(
5.1)
39.1
(
5.7)
41.1
(
6.5)
36.8
(
5.5)
6,607
(
689)
93.0
(
1.3)
29.45
(
2.25)
3.77
(
0.84)
5.02
(
1.77)

Ohio
...................................
33.1
(
7.1)
12.9
(
5.0)
16.9
(
3.9)
3.3
(
1.1)
31.9
(
6.7)
7.1
(
2.3)
3,796
(
762)
86.5
(
2.3)
11.03
(
1.48)
0.75
(
0.25)
1.53
(
0.75)
Oklahoma
...........................
20.1
(
2.7)
32.7
(
3.8)
32.5
(
3.5)
6.7
(
1.7)
44.1
(
4.2)
4.0
(
1.7)
2,851
(
163)
84.2
(
1.5)
36.26
(
4.69)
3.46
(
0.60)
7.51
(
4.23)
Oregon
...............................
38.6
(
5.8)
39.2
(
5.2)
51.5
(
6.7)
18.9
(
4.7)
49.5
(
6.5)
11.7
(
4.2)
3,154
(
362)
84.3
(
3.2)
21.32
(
2.14)
7.59
(
2.49)
2.75
(
0.86)
Pennsylvania
......................
33.9
(
6.9)
17.3
(
4.0)
32.6
(
5.5)
2.5
(
1.1)
39.2
(
6.4)
6.4
(
3.1)
2,562
(
203)
89.6
(
2.6)
15.33
(
2.09)
2.23
(
0.60)
1.97
(
0.67)
Rhode
Island
......................
25.0
(
4.9)
11.8
(
3.2)
13.0
(
3.5)
1.0
(
0.6)
21.7
(
4.8)
18.6
(
4.2)
1,835
(
232)
84.0
(
2.5)
8.58
(
1.51)
0.23
(
0.10)
0.34
(
0.14)

South
Carolina
...................
44.0
(
5.4)
46.4
(
5.0)
39.4
(
5.7)
6.9
(
1.7)
55.4
(
7.1)
13.5
(
4.1)
1,655
(
133)
80.3
(
3.2)
11.01
(
0.71)
2.39
(
0.55)
1.03
(
0.19)
South
Dakota
.....................
56.2
(
6.8)
12.6
(
3.4)
37.7
(
6.2)
23.1
(
4.2)
60.2
(
5.5)
9.0
(
2.7)
5,049
(
542)
89.8
(
2.0)
45.53
(
5.37)
8.26
(
1.61)
3.73
(
1.41)
Tennessee
.........................
15.1
(
4.3)
18.9
(
5.1)
16.6
(
4.5)
2.5
(
2.3)
34.9
(
6.5)
3.6
(
1.9)
1,677
(
102)
85.4
(
2.2)
8.60
(
0.68)
2.65
(
1.04)
0.91
(
0.20)
Texas
.................................
39.4
(
4.6)
20.5
(
4.2)
27.2
(
3.1)
9.9
(
2.8)
33.9
(
3.8)
24.7
(
4.2)
1,885
(
123)
83.3
(
2.0)
18.94
(
1.79)
3.75
(
1.18)
2.95
(
0.40)
Utah
...................................
22.2
(
3.6)
37.4
(
4.1)
28.6
(
3.6)
5.1
(
2.3)
39.1
(
3.6)
6.7
(
1.9)
1,557
(
105)
79.5
(
2.2)
9.08
(
0.95)
1.62
(
0.26)
1.82
(
0.32)

Vermont
.............................
47.0
(
4.9)
27.2
(
5.6)
35.3
(
4.2)
14.5
(
3.3)
51.9
(
4.8)
32.2
(
3.4)
3,155
179
87.5
(
1.8)
34.53
(
4.95)
6.18
(
1.57)
2.90
(
0.52)
Virginia
...............................
61.7
(
8.3)
35.5
(
6.1)
38.6
(
5.8)
10.6
(
2.9)
72.4
(
7.0)
31.4
(
5.6)
1,974
(
108)
88.2
(
2.2)
15.20
(
1.09)
3.48
(
0.66)
3.71
(
1.01)
Washington
........................
40.2
(
5.2)
35.7
(
5.6)
43.1
(
3.6)
11.7
(
2.9)
53.1
(
4.9)
13.0
(
2.6)
2,004
(
84)
89.7
(
1.3)
14.70
(
1.27)
3.34
(
0.69)
1.52
(
0.29)
West
Virginia
......................
24.7
(
6.0)
16.7
(
4.2)
18.0
(
4.0)
8.3
(
3.5)
31.0
(
5.5)
6.4
(
3.2)
2,039
(
201)
76.0
(
4.7)
7.37
(
1.41)
0.77
(
0.25)
0.17
(
2)
Wisconsin
...........................
34.2
(
6.5)
27.2
(
4.7)
36.1
(
5.0)
14.8
(
3.8)
57.1
(
6.1)
9.0
(
2.6)
2,895
(
157)
86.5
(
2.8)
23.99
(
1.18)
5.40
(
1.55)
4.10
(
0.74)
Wyoming
............................
39.0
(
3.4)
28.0
(
4.2)
32.1
(
5.7)
8.1
(
2.5)
41.7
(
4.5)
6.6
(
2.3)
10,729
(
1,185)
83.5
(
3.4)
46.04
(
5.36)
3.23
(
0.59)
3.92
(
0.85)

1
During
the
most
recent
full
week
of
school.

NOTE.
 
Percentages
are
based
on
schools
that
have
library/
media
centers.
In
school
year
1990
 
91,
96
percent
of
public
schools
had
library
media
centers.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey,
1993
 
94,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1997.)
476
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
418.
 
Percent
of
public
and
private
schools
having
access
to
selected
telecommunication
capabilities,
by
location
of
access
site
and
control
of
school:
1995
Telecommunications
capabilities
Percent
of
schools
having
access
Percent
of
schools
with
telecommunications
access,
by
location
1
Administrative
offices
Teacher
workrooms
Classrooms
Computer
labs
Library/
media
centers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
All
public
schools
Computer
with
any
telecommunication
capabilities
via
local
area
network
......................
77
73
20
45
71
64
Computer
with
any
telecommunication
capabilities
via
modem
.......................................
76
61
10
30
41
64
Computer
with
any
telecommunication
capabilities
via
wide
area
network
......................
61
58
14
35
41
68
Broadcast
television
................................................
71
35
28
82
47
88
Cable
television
.......................................................
76
33
25
72
42
91
Closed
circuit
television
...........................................
28
50
32
91
60
89
Two­
way
video
with
two
 
way
audio
........................
13
24
17
57
37
69
One­
way
video
with
two­
way
audio
or
computer
link
......................................................
7
26
15
63
41
54
All
private
schools
Computer
with
any
telecommunication
capabilities
via
local
area
network
......................
43
71
18
33
58
35
Computer
with
any
telecommunication
capabilities
via
modem
.......................................
48
70
14
24
38
33
Computer
with
any
telecommunication
capabilities
via
wide
area
network
......................
29
59
15
26
41
40
Broadcast
television
................................................
52
24
23
81
27
59
Cable
television
.......................................................
37
21
21
75
29
60
Closed
circuit
television
...........................................
5
32
29
99
51
71
Two­
way
video
with
two
 
way
audio
........................
5
9
13
50
54
44
One­
way
video
with
two­
way
audio
or
computer
link
......................................................
2
32
21
66
39
46
1
Location
estimates
are
based
on
those
schools
having
access
to
each
type
of
telecommunication
capability.
Percents
of
schools
reporting
telecommunication
locations
do
not
sum
to
100
because
many
schools
have
access
in
more
than
one
location.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
derived
from
a
sample
survey
and
are
subject
to
sampling
error.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Fast
Response
Survey
System,
Advanced
Telecommunications
in
U.
S.
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools,
1995;
and
Advanced
Telecommunications
in
U.
S.
Private
Schools,
K
 
12,
Fall
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1997.)
477
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
419.
 
Percent
of
public
schools
and
school
classrooms
having
access
to
the
Internet,
by
school
characteristics:
1994
to
1998
Schools,
computers,
instruction
rooms,
and
access
All
public
schools
Instructional
level
1
Size
of
school
enrollment
Metropolitan
status
Percent
of
students
eligible
for
free
or
reduced­
price
lunch
Elementary
Secondary
Less
than
300
300
to
999
1,000
or
more
City
Urban
fringe
Town
Rural
Less
than
11
percent
11
to
30
percent
31
to
70
percent
71
percent
or
more
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Estimated
number
of
schools
1995
....................................
77,853
57,705
18,083
20,673
50,044
7,136
17,906
18,464
19,539
21,944
13,192
21,876
28,017
14,651
1997
....................................
79,125
59,695
19,430
20,540
51,169
7,416
21,071
23,419
12,637
21,998
10,677
21,686
32,666
14,097
Percent
of
schools
having
access
to
the
Internet
1994
....................................
35
30
49
30
35
58
40
38
29
35
 
 
 
 
1995
....................................
50
46
65
39
52
69
47
59
47
48
62
59
47
31
1996
....................................
65
61
77
57
66
80
64
75
61
60
78
72
58
53
1997
....................................
78
75
89
75
78
89
74
78
84
79
88
83
78
63
1998
....................................
89
88
94
87
89
95
92
85
90
92
87
94
91
80
Number
of
computers,
in
thousands
1995
2
..................................
5,621
3,453
2,021
850
3,600
1,171
1,497
1,526
1,404
1,195
1,017
1,712
1,919
951
1997
....................................
5,959
3,701
2,258
839
3,767
1,353
1,727
2,084
934
1,214
1,008
1,782
2,211
959
Mean
number
of
computers
per
school
1995
....................................
72
60
112
41
72
164
84
83
72
54
77
78
68
65
1997
....................................
75
62
116
41
74
183
82
89
74
55
94
82
68
68
Number
of
computers
with
Internet
access,
in
thousands
1995
....................................
448
232
187
59
315
73
96
131
126
94.279
111
163
123
39
Percent
of
all
computers
with
access
to
the
Internet
1995
....................................
8
7
9
7
9
6
6
9
9
8
11
10
6
4
Number
of
instructional
rooms,
3
in
thousands.
1997
....................................
2,625
1,720
906
335
1,725
566
830
902
388
505
412
758
976
480
Percent
of
instructional
rooms
3
with
access
to
the
Internet
1994
....................................
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
 
 
 
 
1995
....................................
8
8
8
9
8
4
6
8
8
8
9
10
7
3
1996
....................................
14
13
16
15
13
16
12
16
14
14
18
16
14
7
1997
....................................
27
24
32
27
28
25
20
29
34
30
36
32
27
14
1998
....................................
51
51
52
54
53
45
47
50
55
57
62
53
52
39
1
Excludes
combined
elementary/
secondary
schools
because
of
small
sample
size.
2
Includes
computers
used
for
instructional
or
administrative
purposes.
3
Includes
all
classrooms,
computer
labs,
and
library/
media
centers.
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
derived
from
sample
surveys
and
are
subject
to
sampling
error.
Details
may
not
add
to
totals
because
of
rounding
of
weighted
estimates.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Fast
Response
Survey
System,
Internet
Access
in
Public
Schools
and
Classrooms:
1994
 
98;
Internet
Access
in
U.
S.
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools,
and
Classrooms
1994
 
98;
and
Advanced
Telecommunications
in
U.
S.
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools,
1995;
and
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
March
1999.)
478
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
420.
 
General
statistics
of
college
and
university
libraries:
1974
 
75
to
1994
 
95
Item
1974
 
75
1
1975
 
76
1
1976
 
77
1
1978
 
79
1
1981
 
82
1984
 
85
1987
 
88
1991
 
92
1994
 
95
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Number
of
libraries
.............................
2,972
2,987
3,058
3,122
3,104
3,322
3,438
3,274
3,639
Transactions,
general
collection
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
186,092
Transactions,
reserve
collection
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
49,567
Total
enrollment,
in
thousands
2
.........
10,322
11,291
11,121
11,392
12,372
12,242
12,767
14,359
14,279
Full­
time­
equivalent
enrollment,
in
thousands
2
..................................
7,805
8,480
8,313
8,348
9,015
8,952
9,230
10,361
10,348
Collections,
thousands
of
units
Number
of
volumes
at
end
of
year
.....
447,059
468,033
481,442
519,895
567,826
631,727
718,504
749,429
792,707
Number
of
volumes
added
during
year
......................................
23,242
22,977
22,367
21,608
19,507
20,658
21,907
20,982
22,460
Number
of
serial
subscriptions
3
.........
4,434
4,618
4,670
4,775
4,890
6,317
6,416
6,966
6,780
Microform
titles
at
end
of
year
............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
160,188
Computer
files
at
end
of
year
.............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
480
Library
staff,
in
full­
time
equivalents
Total
staff
in
regular
positions
4
..........
56,836
56,852
57,087
58,416
58,476
58,476
67,251
67,166
68,920
FTE
enrollment
per
FTE
staff
.............
137.3
149.2
145.6
142.9
154.2
153.1
137.2
154.3
150.1
Librarians
and
professional
staff
....
23,530
23,104
23,308
23,676
23,816
21,822
25,115
26,341
27,376
Other
paid
staff
..............................
33,306
33,748
33,779
34,740
34,660
38,026
40,733
40,421
41,227
Contributed
services
......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,403
404
317
Student
assistants
..........................
 
 
 
 
 
 
33,821
29,075
29,077
Hours
of
student
and
other
assistance,
in
thousands
.................
34,687
36,725
39,950
39,552
40,068
28,360
 
 
 
Library
operating
expenditures
(
excluding
capital
outlay)
Operating
expenditures,
total,
in
thousands
....................................
$
1,091,784
$
1,180,128
$
1,259,637
$
1,502,158
$
1,943,769
$
2,404,524
$
2,770,075
$
3,648,654
$
4,317,847
Salaries
5
........................................
592,568
649,374
698,090
824,438
1,081,894
1,156,138
1,451,551
1,889,368
2,058,375
Hourly
wages
.................................
61,474
66,175
68,683
79,535
100,847
 
 
 
 
Fringe
benefits
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
231,209
 
 
238,984
Preservation
...................................
22,206
22,375
22,521
25,274
30,351
32,939
34,144
43,126
47,296
Furniture/
equipment
.......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56,432
Computer
hardware/
software
.........
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
126,936
Utilities/
networks/
consortia
.............
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
81,686
Collections
......................................
327,904
357,544
373,699
450,180
561,199
750,282
891,281
1,197,293
1,374,407
Print
materials
............................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
420,930
451,988
Serial
subscriptions
....................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
639,128
703,463
Microforms
..................................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
43,666
61,702
Audiovisual
materials
.................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23,879
29,375
Machine
readable
materials
.......
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29,093
72,735
Collections,
loans
.......................
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,440
Other
collection
expenditures
.....
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40,596
42,704
Other
library
operating
expenditures
.............................................
87,632
84,660
96,643
122,731
169,478
233,957
393,099
518,867
333,732
Operating
expenditures
per
FTE
student
.............................................
140
139
152
180
216
269
300
352
417
Operating
expenditures
per
FTE
student
in
constant
1994
 
95
dollars
406
377
388
395
345
382
390
383
417
Operating
expenditures,
total,
in
percents
.......................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Salaries
5
........................................
54.3
55.0
55.4
54.9
55.7
48.1
52.4
51.8
47.7
Hourly
wages
.................................
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
 
 
 
 
Fringe
benefits
...............................
 
 
 
 
 
9.6
 
 
5.5
Preservation
...................................
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.1
Collections
......................................
30.0
30.3
29.7
30.0
28.9
31.2
32.2
32.8
31.8
Other
library
operating
expenditures
.............................................
8.0
7.2
7.7
8.2
8.7
9.7
14.2
14.2
13.9
Library
operating
expenditures
as
percent
of
total
institutional
expenditures
for
educational
and
general
purposes
............................
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
1
Includes
data
for
U.
S.
territories.
2
Fall
enrollment
for
the
academic
year
specified.
3
Data
are
for
end
of
year.
4
Excludes
student
assistants.
5
Includes
expenditures
for
fringe
benefits
(
except
for
1984
 
85
and
1987
 
88)
and
salary
equivalents
of
contributed
services
staff.
 
Data
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Library
Statistics
of
Colleges
and
Universities,
various
years;
and
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
``
Academic
Library
Survey.''
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
479
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
421.
 
Selected
statistics
on
the
collections,
staff,
and
operating
expenditures
of
60
large
college
and
university
libraries:
1994
Institution
Rank
order,
by
number
of
volumes
Number
of
volumes
at
end
of
year,
in
thousands
Full­
time­
equivalent
staff
Operating
expenditures
in
thousands
Public
service
hours
per
week
Gate
count
per
week
Reference
transactions
per
week
Total
Professional
Total
Salaries
and
wages
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Harvard
University
(
Mass.)
1
....................................
1
12,395
1,096
363
$
54,451
$
29,467
95
(
2)
(
2)
Yale
University
(
Conn.)
...........................................
2
10,503
623
191
38,333
16,254
90
(
2)
(
2)
University
of
Illinois,
Urbana
Campus
.....................
3
8,475
513
152
21,535
10,704
94
(
2)
13,516
University
of
Texas,
Austin
......................................
4
7,020
643
144
22,387
12,517
107
170,346
13,664
University
of
Michigan,
Ann
Arbor
...........................
5
6,664
590
140
30,521
13,424
99
(
2)
(
2)

University
of
California,
Berkeley
............................
6
6,654
543
132
32,954
16,696
82
(
2)
(
2)
Columbia
University,
Main
Division
(
N.
Y.)
..............
7
6,532
568
170
27,916
14,768
103
(
2)
(
2)
Stanford
University
(
Calif.)
......................................
8
6,409
555
162
36,203
18,658
49
(
2)
(
2)
University
of
California,
Los
Angeles
......................
9
6,306
560
126
27,313
13,141
87
79,871
12,996
University
of
Chicago
(
Ill.)
.......................................
10
5,710
362
75
18,124
8,781
109
24,370
1,407
Indiana
University,
Bloomington
..............................
11
5,554
471
142
22,761
11,400
101
(
2)
15,644
University
of
Wisconsin,
Madison
...........................
12
5,536
533
150
25,320
13,245
131
129,254
10,314
University
of
Washington
.........................................
13
5,355
485
130
23,846
12,704
104
(
2)
(
2)
Princeton
University
(
N.
J.)
.......................................
14
5,186
400
121
23,608
11,556
120
(
2)
(
2)
University
of
Minnesota,
Twin
Cities
.......................
15
5,101
446
104
23,870
11,883
122
(
2)
6,450
Ohio
State
University,
Main
Campus
......................
16
4,786
409
103
19,772
9,304
168
50,616
18,926
Cornell
University
(
N.
Y.)
..........................................
17
4,705
458
134
20,415
9,768
79
(
2)
4,818
Duke
University
(
N.
C.)
.............................................
18
4,330
330
104
20,929
8,619
113
(
2)
3,734
University
of
Pennsylvania
......................................
19
4,210
376
108
21,498
10,200
137
51,923
8,433
University
of
North
Carolina,
Chapel
Hill
................
20
4,155
430
122
20,668
10,006
110
(
2)
6,401
University
of
Arizona
...............................................
21
4,126
361
84
17,171
7,272
158
55,783
4,068
University
of
Virginia,
Main
Campus
.......................
22
4,059
353
92
17,011
8,157
111
(
2)
3,400
Michigan
State
University
........................................
23
3,904
290
64
13,369
6,871
109
(
2)
(
2)
University
of
Iowa
....................................................
24
3,567
304
94
15,095
7,250
107
(
2)
(
2)
New
York
University
................................................
25
3,335
440
140
24,418
11,889
115
50,000
6,000
University
of
Southern
California
.............................
26
3,248
346
107
17,794
9,061
168
6,433
5,731
University
of
Georgia
...............................................
27
3,216
317
83
14,455
6,534
114
26,398
2,775
University
of
Pittsburgh,
Main
Campus
(
Penn.)
......
28
3,201
379
95
18,671
7,689
121
42,017
6,203
University
of
Kansas,
Main
Campus
.......................
29
3,117
282
88
11,760
5,420
100
(
2)
(
2)
University
of
Florida
.................................................
30
3,092
400
110
15,780
8,553
74
187,737
15,000
University
of
Hawaii,
Manoa
....................................
31
2,942
258
74
13,203
7,277
106
55,620
3,165
Northwestern
University
(
Ill.)
...................................
32
2,932
315
84
12,663
6,422
119
22,401
2,727
Johns
Hopkins
University
(
Md.)
..............................
33
2,874
281
81
16,853
6,771
123
15,219
1,579
State
U.
of
New
York,
Buffalo,
Main
Campus
........
34
2,864
257
91
12,681
6,554
90
69,700
6,215
University
of
Rochester
(
N.
Y.)
.................................
35
2,843
218
69
9,841
4,377
97
17,385
635
Wayne
State
University
(
Mich.)
...............................
36
2,834
261
79
12,938
6,023
97
46,709
9,649
Syracuse
University,
Main
Campus
(
N.
Y.)
..............
37
2,779
251
70
9,435
4,910
105
23,318
2,193
Louisiana
State
U.
&
A&
M
&
Hebert
Laws
Center
38
2,778
201
48
9,444
4,466
99
(
2)
3,400
Arizona
State
University
..........................................
39
2,777
314
86
14,053
6,892
97
6,000
5,260
Brown
University
(
R.
I.)
............................................
40
2,710
264
79
13,028
5,746
111
25,329
2,019
University
of
Missouri,
Columbia
.............................
41
2,684
248
58
10,166
4,444
105
42,000
2,503
Southern
Illinois
University,
Carbondale
.................
42
2,648
215
42
9,508
4,453
92
22,974
2,660
University
of
South
Carolina
at
Columbia
...............
43
2,639
236
69
10,549
5,008
111
39,392
5,110
University
of
Massachusetts
at
Amherst
.................
44
2,604
189
51
10,432
5,493
95
28,892
3,137
University
of
Kentucky
.............................................
45
2,557
325
78
11,652
5,950
146
47,034
8,876
Pennsylvania
State
University,
Main
Campus
........
46
2,541
419
84
18,067
9,558
168
65,231
8,426
University
of
Colorado,
Boulder
..............................
47
2,504
249
62
13,512
5,841
107
74,629
5,029
Washington
University
(
Missouri)
............................
48
2,476
188
52
10,355
4,039
102
16,811
5,292
University
of
Maryland,
College
Park
Campus
.......
49
2,454
464
104
14,473
7,538
126
72,844
12,636
North
Carolina
State
University
at
Raleigh
.............
50
2,399
244
63
11,937
4,943
107
39,954
3,109
University
of
California,
Davis
.................................
51
2,391
306
65
13,132
7,066
87
20,167
4,939
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
...................
52
2,366
226
85
11,771
6,072
100
30,000
3,000
University
of
Utah
....................................................
53
2,350
319
65
12,856
5,713
100
32,672
1,307
Brigham
Young
University
(
Utah)
............................
54
2,326
291
100
12,421
5,877
101
73,668
13,231
University
of
Nebraska
at
Lincoln
...........................
55
2,324
221
56
9,445
4,339
108
18,556
1,243
University
of
California,
San
Diego
.........................
56
2,297
335
81
15,078
8,166
100
43,753
3,333
Southern
Methodist
University
(
Tex.)
......................
57
2,240
159
50
7,752
3,737
116
(
2)
2,500
Indiana
University
of
Pennsylvania
1
.......................
58
2,236
232
60
10,707
5,111
104
(
2)
(
2)
Auburn
University,
Main
Campus
(
Ala.)
..................
59
2,234
191
51
8,911
3,733
99
24,714
3,999
University
of
Oklahoma,
Norman
Campus
..............
60
2,225
149
42
6,957
2,862
97
30,402
4,017
1
Data
estimated
based
on
previous
year's
report.

2
Data
not
available.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System,
1994
Academic
Library
Survey.
(
This
table
was
prepared
July
1997.)
480
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
LIBRARIES
Table
422.
 
General
statistics
of
public
libraries,
by
population
of
legal
service
area:
1995
Item
Population
of
legal
service
area
Total
Under
10,000
10,000
to
49,999
50,000
to
99,999
100,000
to
249,999
250,000
to
499,999
500,000
and
over
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Number
of
public
library
service
outlets
....................................................
16,972
5,795
4,110
1,793
2,085
1,138
2,051
Central
libraries
..............................................
8,937
5,465
2,504
493
324
81
70
Branch
libraries
..............................................
7,057
255
1,265
1,094
1,582
982
1,879
Bookmobiles
..................................................
978
75
341
206
179
75
102
Collections,
in
thousands
Books
and
serial
volumes
1
...........................
695,331
96,675
169,876
84,203
98,539
73,450
172,587
Audio
and
video
materials
and
films
.............
35,715
3,477
8,345
4,400
5,304
3,305
10,884
Serial
subscriptions
........................................
1,837
272
482
225
237
169
450
Paid
staff,
in
full­
time
equivalents
Librarians
.......................................................
38,694
5,639
9,840
4,561
5,370
4,028
9,256
Librarians
with
ALA
 
MLS
2
.......................
26,636
1,069
6,067
3,448
4,296
3,248
8,508
Other
staff
......................................................
77,140
5,087
18,408
10,502
12,918
8,527
21,698
Income,
in
thousands
Total
operating
income
..................................
$
5,594,069
$
377,585
$
1,281,141
$
705,908
$
884,573
$
658,645
$
1,686,216
Percentage
distribution
Source
of
operating
income
Total
.......................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Federal
3
....................................................
1.0
1.3
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.0
State
..........................................................
12.0
9.6
10.9
13.8
9.8
10.4
14.5
Local
..........................................................
78.3
73.1
79.2
78.3
82.8
82.4
74.6
Other
.........................................................
8.7
16.0
9.0
7.2
6.3
6.0
9.8
1
Some
data
are
different
from
other
tables
due
to
a
different
population
base.

2
ALA
 
MLS
=
A
master's
degree
from
a
graduate
library
education
program
accredited
by
the
American
Library
Association
(
ALA).

3
Excludes
some
federal
funds
received
through
state
library
agencies.
NOTE.
 
Because
of
rounding,
details
may
not
add
to
totals.
Totals
may
be
underestimated
due
to
nonresponse
on
item
or
legal
service
area.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Public
Libraries
in
the
United
States:
FY
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)

Table
423.
 
Public
libraries,
books
and
serial
volumes,
library
visits,
and
reference
transactions,
by
state:
1995
State
Number
of
public
libraries
Number
of
books
and
serial
volumes
1
(
in
thousands
Number
of
books
and
serial
volumes
per
capita
Library
visits
per
capita
2
Circulation
per
capita
Public
library
reference
transactions
per
capita
3
State
Number
of
public
libraries
Number
of
books
and
serial
volumes
1
(
in
thousands
Number
of
books
and
serial
volumes
per
capita
Library
visits
per
capita
2
Circulation
per
capita
Public
library
reference
transactions
per
capita
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
United
States
.......
8,981
695,331
2.8
3.9
6.4
1.1
Alabama
....................
207
8,133
2.1
3.2
3.9
0.5
Missouri
....................
148
20,137
4.1
4.3
7.9
0.9
Alaska
........................
84
1,926
3.1
4.6
5.8
0.8
Montana
...................
82
2,567
3.1
3.6
6.2
0.8
Arizona
......................
39
7,946
2.0
4.5
6.3
1.2
Nebraska
..................
269
5,159
4.0
4.7
8.0
1.1
Arkansas
....................
35
4,883
2.2
2.6
4.0
0.4
Nevada
.....................
23
3,296
2.1
2.9
4.8
0.7
California
...................
171
59,847
1.9
3.4
4.5
1.1
New
Hampshire
.......
229
5,004
4.5
4.9
7.6
0.7
Colorado
....................
120
9,471
2.5
4.5
8.3
1.4
New
Jersey
..............
308
30,052
3.8
4.9
5.9
0.9
Connecticut
................
195
14,202
4.3
6.1
8.3
1.2
New
Mexico
.............
72
3,910
3.4
4.1
6.5
 
Delaware
...................
30
1,320
2.0
3.4
4.4
0.5
New
York
.................
741
72,347
4.4
5.3
7.3
1.9
District
of
Columbia
...
1
2,662
4.4
3.4
3.0
2.2
North
Carolina
..........
74
13,956
2.0
3.2
5.7
0.8
Florida
........................
97
23,673
1.8
 
5.3
2.1
North
Dakota
............
79
1,950
3.6
5.1
7.5
0.7
Georgia
......................
54
13,290
1.8
2.8
4.5
0.7
Ohio
..........................
250
41,974
3.8
4.8
12.0
1.5
Hawaii
........................
1
3,502
3.0
2.7
6.4
1.8
Oklahoma
.................
112
5,786
2.3
 
6.4
0.7
Idaho
..........................
106
3,145
3.3
4.9
7.8
0.9
Oregon
.....................
124
7,130
2.4
 
9.7
0.7
Illinois
.........................
613
36,803
3.6
5.3
7.7
1.4
Pennsylvania
............
455
25,053
2.2
3.1
4.6
0.7
Indiana
.......................
238
21,069
4.1
5.3
10.2
1.0
Rhode
Island
............
51
4,228
4.2
5.3
6.6
0.9
Iowa
...........................
527
11,407
4.0
4.9
8.9
 
South
Carolina
.........
40
6,448
1.8
2.8
4.3
1.1
Kansas
.......................
324
9,276
4.5
5.1
9.3
1.3
South
Dakota
...........
112
2,431
4.6
4.5
8.7
 
Kentucky
....................
116
7,384
2.0
2.8
5.3
0.4
Tennessee
...............
140
7,931
1.6
2.6
4.1
1.0
Louisiana
...................
65
9,951
2.3
2.5
4.3
0.7
Texas
.......................
499
32,206
2.0
2.9
4.3
1.0
Maine
.........................
266
5,472
5.3
 
7.8
 
Utah
..........................
69
4,969
2.6
 
9.0
 
Maryland
....................
24
12,916
2.6
4.3
9.1
1.1
Vermont
....................
200
2,626
5.0
4.4
7.0
 
Massachusetts
...........
372
28,747
4.8
 
7.2
 
Virginia
.....................
90
16,248
2.5
4.2
7.4
1.1
Michigan
....................
382
25,767
2.8
3.8
5.3
0.9
Washington
..............
69
14,957
2.8
 
10.0
 
Minnesota
..................
130
13,138
2.9
4.0
9.4
1.6
West
Virginia
............
97
4,744
2.6
3.6
4.7
0.9
Mississippi
.................
47
5,084
1.9
2.4
3.0
0.4
Wisconsin
.................
381
16,864
3.3
5.3
8.9
1.2
Wyoming
..................
23
2,344
4.9
4.9
7.9
0.9
1
Some
data
are
different
from
other
tables
due
to
a
different
population
base.

2
The
total
number
of
persons
entering
the
library
for
whatever
purpose
during
the
year.

3
A
reference
transaction
is
an
information
contact
which
involves
the
knowledge,
use,
recommendations,
interpretation
or
instructions
in
the
use
of
one
or
more
information
sources
by
a
member
of
the
library
staff.
 
Response
rate
less
than
70
percent.

NOTE.
 
Totals
may
be
underestimated
due
to
nonresponse.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Public
Libraries
in
the
United
States:
FY
1995.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
481
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
TECHNOLOGY
Table
424.
 
Percent
of
workers,
18
years
old
and
over,
using
computers
on
the
job,
by
selected
characteristics
and
computer
activities:
October
1993
and
October
1997
Selected
characteristics
Percent
using
computers
at
work,
1993
1997
Percent
using
computers
at
work
Number
using
computers
at
work,
in
thousands
Percent
of
on­
the­
job
computer
workers
using
specific
computer
applications
1
Analysis/
spreadsheets
Bookkeeping
invoicing,
and
inventory
Communications
2
Calendar

schedule
Data
bases
Desktop
publishing
graphics
Programming
Sales
and
telemarketing
Word
processing
Using
4
or
more
categories
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
.......................................
45.8
49.8
(
0.2)
63,885
40.9
66.4
47.0
37.5
34.1
26.1
15.0
22.1
57.0
44.0
Age
18
to
24
..................................
34.4
37.1
(
0.7)
6,007
28.2
70.3
35.3
28.0
23.4
18.4
11.0
23.5
43.1
30.5
25
to
29
..................................
48.3
52.5
(
0.7)
7,984
41.7
69.8
46.6
38.3
35.0
25.8
16.3
23.4
58.3
45.7
30
to
39
..................................
50.7
53.3
(
0.5)
18,864
44.0
67.0
49.1
39.6
35.4
28.3
16.7
24.0
58.5
46.8
40
to
49
..................................
51.3
54.9
(
0.5)
18,182
43.6
65.8
48.6
39.5
36.9
27.1
15.7
20.6
58.9
46.4
50
to
59
..................................
43.9
50.7
(
0.6)
10,092
39.1
62.8
49.0
37.2
33.5
26.1
13.5
19.6
58.8
43.1
60
or
older
..............................
27.2
32.6
(
0.9)
2,755
33.5
62.1
42.2
29.4
28.8
21.6
10.0
21.3
54.1
35.9
Educational
attainment
and
sex
Not
high
school
graduate
.......
10.0
11.9
(
0.5)
1,645
18.6
68.9
23.4
22.1
17.3
10.7
8.7
19.7
30.7
20.2
High
school
graduate
.............
34.2
36.4
(
0.4)
15,395
28.7
72.0
34.1
29.0
23.1
16.6
10.1
21.0
41.5
30.7
Some
college
..........................
50.4
53.6
(
0.5)
14,172
36.5
71.6
42.6
36.0
31.3
24.1
13.7
24.0
52.7
40.6
Associate
degree
....................
58.2
60.7
(
0.8)
6,580
38.9
69.8
43.7
36.0
33.0
25.5
15.1
19.7
52.7
41.2
Bachelor's
degree
..................
68.8
73.9
(
0.5)
17,335
52.7
63.9
57.1
44.0
43.1
32.4
18.9
25.8
67.6
55.3
Master's
degree
......................
71.2
78.7
(
0.8)
6,004
53.8
51.7
63.4
48.1
45.8
39.7
20.8
18.4
80.1
59.8
Doctor's
or
professional
degree
.....................................
66.9
74.6
(
1.2)
2,754
46.6
47.5
64.9
42.0
39.0
30.3
16.2
10.5
75.2
50.2
Male
........................................
40.3
44.1
(
0.3)
30,336
46.5
64.3
51.4
39.2
36.8
29.4
20.0
24.6
53.9
47.2
Not
high
school
graduate
..
8.5
9.8
(
0.5)
854
20.9
70.1
25.6
22.6
15.6
11.8
9.3
17.8
26.1
20.6
High
school
graduate
........
24.2
27.1
(
0.5)
6,096
29.5
67.4
33.1
25.3
22.9
17.8
11.8
20.5
29.4
27.7
Some
college
.....................
42.8
46.0
(
0.7)
6,188
39.3
69.4
44.4
35.5
31.3
27.0
19.6
27.1
46.4
41.4
Associate
degree
...............
52.6
55.2
(
1.2)
2,790
42.8
64.2
45.5
34.9
34.9
28.7
20.4
20.6
45.3
41.8
Bachelor's
degree
..............
69.8
74.3
(
0.7)
9,258
60.0
64.0
62.1
47.4
46.9
35.7
24.1
30.5
66.6
60.0
Master's
degree
.................
75.4
79.8
(
1.1)
3,201
63.3
56.6
70.6
54.6
50.8
41.9
27.8
23.8
80.5
67.4
Doctor's
or
professional
degree
.................................
66.5
73.4
(
1.4)
1,949
47.9
50.3
67.3
43.7
38.6
31.9
18.2
11.6
74.6
52.0
Female
....................................
52.4
56.5
(
0.3)
33,549
35.8
68.3
43.1
36.0
31.6
23.1
10.5
19.9
59.8
41.0
Not
high
school
graduate
..
12.5
15.4
(
0.8)
791
16.0
67.7
20.9
21.6
19.1
9.4
8.0
21.7
35.6
19.8
High
school
graduate
........
45.2
46.9
(
0.6)
9,299
28.3
75.0
34.7
31.5
23.3
15.9
8.9
21.4
49.4
32.6
Some
college
.....................
58.6
61.5
(
0.7)
7,984
34.4
73.2
41.1
36.4
31.3
21.8
9.1
21.7
57.5
40.1
Associate
degree
...............
63.7
65.4
(
1.0)
3,790
36.0
73.9
42.4
36.8
31.7
23.2
11.2
19.0
58.1
40.7
Bachelor's
degree
..............
67.6
73.5
(
0.7)
8,077
44.4
63.8
51.4
40.1
38.8
28.7
12.9
20.4
68.8
50.0
Master's
degree
.................
66.5
77.5
(
1.1)
2,804
43.0
46.0
55.2
40.7
40.1
37.3
12.8
12.2
79.7
51.0
Doctor's
or
professional
degree
.................................
68.2
77.6
(
2.1)
805
43.7
41.0
59.1
37.8
39.9
26.4
11.4
7.9
76.8
45.9
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
...............
48.7
53.8
(
0.3)
51,904
42.1
67.1
47.7
38.0
34.9
27.1
15.2
23.2
57.9
45.3
Black,
non­
Hispanic
................
36.2
40.0
(
0.7)
5,462
33.1
64.3
43.7
36.1
29.6
21.2
14.1
17.1
52.0
37.2
Hispanic
..................................
29.3
30.2
(
0.8)
3,843
32.2
67.0
40.5
33.7
27.0
20.2
10.6
19.0
50.0
35.1
Other
.......................................
43.9
49.2
(
1.3)
2,675
45.8
57.4
49.5
35.8
37.8
25.0
19.3
16.2
59.4
44.7
Occupational
group
Managerial
and
professional
specialty
..............................
67.7
74.6
(
0.4)
28,427
52.4
61.0
58.6
45.2
42.6
36.3
19.1
20.6
71.7
56.0
Executive,
administrative,
and
managerial
...............
72.3
77.5
(
0.5)
14,528
60.1
76.3
61.4
49.7
47.2
32.6
17.6
30.9
74.5
63.7
Professional
specialty
occupations
.........................
68.3
71.7
(
0.6)
13,900
44.4
45.1
55.8
40.4
37.8
40.3
20.8
9.8
68.7
47.8
Teachers,
except
college
and
university
...............
49.1
60.3
(
1.2)
2,961
33.1
31.9
39.7
38.4
27.5
42.3
10.8
4.6
73.6
39.8
Teachers,
college
and
university
......................
72.5
79.9
(
2.2)
759
51.5
27.1
74.6
37.3
40.2
41.3
23.9
5.4
83.5
48.9
Technical,
sales,
and
administrative
support
.....................
65.5
79.1
(
0.4)
25,739
35.1
74.6
41.8
33.9
30.4
19.4
11.9
28.1
52.1
39.5
Technicians
and
related
support
............................
69.9
75.1
(
1.1)
3,226
42.9
51.8
49.4
35.5
36.9
26.1
31.2
7.7
49.6
41.4
Sales
occupations
.............
48.8
54.8
(
0.7)
8,277
38.4
83.0
43.0
34.3
31.3
21.0
10.5
57.2
46.1
44.8
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
.................
76.7
77.6
(
0.5)
14,235
31.4
75.0
39.4
33.3
28.3
17.0
8.3
15.9
56.2
36.0
Service
occupations
...............
14.7
16.4
(
0.5)
2,752
15.7
52.3
27.6
27.9
17.4
9.6
6.6
11.0
34.4
17.9
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
............................
23.2
25.0
(
0.6)
3,501
29.6
62.8
31.6
27.0
22.5
18.2
16.3
11.1
29.0
26.2
Operators,
fabricators,
and
laborers
..................................
14.9
17.3
(
0.5)
3,154
19.1
63.1
21.3
19.0
14.6
12.6
9.7
9.2
17.4
15.4
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
8.5
9.3
(
0.9)
311
40.2
79.3
22.8
27.3
33.0
11.2
10.2
19.1
33.7
33.0
Family
income
3
Less
than
$
20,000
..................
25.1
26.7
(
0.5)
5,915
27.6
67.8
34.0
28.7
24.0
19.4
11.7
22.2
44.9
31.4
$
20,000
to
$
29,999
................
38.4
38.4
(
0.6)
7,310
30.3
69.4
36.9
30.2
26.1
21.8
10.5
20.0
48.0
34.3
$
30,000
to
$
39,999
................
45.7
45.8
(
0.6)
8,915
35.7
67.4
42.2
33.7
29.4
23.8
12.8
20.8
50.8
38.0
$
40,000
to
$
49,999
................
51.9
52.3
(
0.7)
7,737
40.0
69.0
43.6
36.9
31.8
25.4
15.0
21.0
53.8
42.5
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
................
60.6
59.9
(
0.5)
16,966
42.7
65.8
48.6
38.9
36.1
27.2
16.5
20.6
58.4
45.5
$
75,000
or
more
.....................
65.9
69.7
(
0.5)
17,042
51.4
63.6
58.4
44.6
42.3
30.6
17.8
25.7
68.4
54.7
1
Individuals
may
be
counted
in
more
than
one
computer
activity.

2
Includes
bulletin
boards
and
electronic
mail.

3
Excludes
persons
whose
income
data
were
not
available.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
households
and
are
subject
to
sampling
and
nonsampling
error.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
October
1997,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
August
1998.)
482
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
TECHNOLOGY
Table
425.
 
Access
to
and
use
of
home
computers,
by
selected
characteristics
of
students
and
other
users:
October
1997
Selected
characteristics
Percent
with
computers
at
home
Percent
using
computers
at
home,
in
thousands
Percent
using
computers
at
home
Distribution
of
frequency
of
use
per
week
for
persons
using
computers
in
home
Percent
of
persons
whose
home
computer
has
specific
capabilities
1
6
or
7
days
4
or
5
days
2
or
3
days
1
day
or
less
CD­
ROM
drive
Printer
Modem
Internet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total,
all
persons
...
43.0
(
0.2)
81,013
30.3
(
0.2)
23.4
(
0.2)
20.1
(
0.2)
32.6
(
0.2)
24.0
(
0.2)
71.3
(
0.2)
85.5
(
0.2)
71.1
(
0.2)
52.1
(
0.3)

Sex
Male
.............................
44.3
(
0.2)
41,260
31.6
(
0.2)
27.1
(
0.2)
20.1
(
0.2)
30.6
(
0.2)
22.2
(
0.2)
72.1
(
0.3)
85.5
(
0.2)
71.7
(
0.3)
52.9
(
0.3)
Female
.........................
41.7
(
0.2)
39,753
29.1
(
0.2)
19.6
(
0.2)
20.0
(
0.2)
34.6
(
0.2)
25.8
(
0.2)
70.6
(
0.3)
85.6
(
0.2)
70.5
(
0.3)
51.2
(
0.3)

Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
....
49.2
(
0.2)
68,026
35.5
(
0.2)
23.5
(
0.2)
20.2
(
0.2)
32.1
(
0.2)
24.3
(
0.2)
72.4
(
0.3)
87.1
(
0.2)
72.8
(
0.3)
53.7
(
0.3)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
22.8
(
0.4)
4,943
14.7
(
0.3)
20.8
(
0.7)
20.5
(
0.7)
37.6
(
0.8)
21.2
(
0.7)
58.2
(
1.0)
75.2
(
0.9)
57.7
(
1.0)
40.3
(
1.0)
Hispanic
.......................
22.2
(
0.5)
4,081
13.5
(
0.4)
23.3
(
0.8)
17.3
(
0.7)
36.4
(
0.9)
23.1
(
0.8)
69.1
(
1.1)
78.2
(
1.0)
60.8
(
1.2)
44.4
(
1.2)

Age
Under
5
........................
39.0
(
0.6)
1,675
8.5
(
0.3)
12.2
(
0.5)
16.3
(
0.5)
38.1
(
0.7)
33.5
(
0.7)
71.9
(
0.8)
83.3
(
0.7)
74.5
(
0.8)
53.8
(
0.9)
5
to
9
...........................
46.4
(
0.6)
7,599
37.1
(
0.6)
11.8
(
0.4)
17.6
(
0.5)
44.2
(
0.6)
26.4
(
0.6)
74.7
(
0.7)
83.8
(
0.6)
71.5
(
0.8)
50.5
(
0.8)
10
to
14
.......................
55.1
(
0.6)
9,500
48.7
(
0.6)
21.1
(
0.5)
21.8
(
0.5)
38.0
(
0.6)
19.1
(
0.5)
75.5
(
0.7)
87.9
(
0.5)
70.6
(
0.7)
50.3
(
0.8)
15
to
19
.......................
53.0
(
0.6)
8,395
43.1
(
0.5)
24.7
(
0.5)
22.4
(
0.5)
32.4
(
0.6)
20.5
(
0.5)
73.7
(
0.7)
88.0
(
0.5)
69.9
(
0.7)
52.3
(
0.8)
20
to
24
.......................
41.2
(
0.6)
4,975
28.5
(
0.6)
28.3
(
0.8)
20.2
(
0.7)
28.9
(
0.8)
22.6
(
0.7)
69.5
(
1.0)
83.4
(
0.8)
69.8
(
1.0)
53.0
(
1.1)
25
to
29
.......................
39.3
(
0.6)
5,963
31.7
(
0.6)
26.1
(
0.7)
22.3
(
0.6)
30.0
(
0.7)
21.7
(
0.6)
70.1
(
0.9)
80.4
(
0.8)
75.8
(
0.9)
58.4
(
1.0)
30
to
39
.......................
47.0
(
0.4)
15,393
35.8
(
0.4)
24.2
(
0.4)
20.6
(
0.4)
32.0
(
0.4)
23.2
(
0.4)
71.9
(
0.5)
84.5
(
0.4)
72.8
(
0.5)
53.5
(
0.6)
40
to
49
.......................
54.0
(
0.4)
15,346
38.3
(
0.4)
24.3
(
0.4)
18.8
(
0.3)
30.3
(
0.4)
26.6
(
0.4)
73.9
(
0.5)
87.4
(
0.4)
73.0
(
0.5)
54.4
(
0.6)
50
to
59
.......................
44.2
(
0.5)
7,679
28.5
(
0.5)
26.6
(
0.5)
19.8
(
0.5)
28.0
(
0.5)
25.7
(
0.5)
66.5
(
0.7)
86.2
(
0.5)
67.6
(
0.7)
50.7
(
0.8)
60
to
69
.......................
27.5
(
0.6)
3,162
16.2
(
0.5)
29.7
(
0.8)
17.5
(
0.7)
24.1
(
0.8)
28.6
(
0.8)
61.0
(
1.2)
86.8
(
0.8)
63.5
(
1.1)
42.3
(
1.2)
70
or
older
...................
13.2
(
0.4)
1,327
5.9
(
0.3)
29.4
(
1.1)
17.8
(
1.0)
25.4
(
1.1)
27.5
(
1.1)
59.0
(
1.6)
86.1
(
1.1)
60.4
(
1.5)
38.6
(
1.5)

Family
income
Less
than
$
5,000
.........
19.4
(
0.6)
1,517
13.3
(
0.5)
31.1
(
1.3)
16.7
(
1.1)
26.8
(
1.3)
25.3
(
1.3)
63.2
(
1.8)
81.9
(
1.4)
66.2
(
1.8)
44.6
(
1.8)
$
5,000
to
$
9,999
.........
12.1
(
0.4)
1,575
8.1
(
0.3)
24.8
(
1.2)
19.6
(
1.1)
29.4
(
1.3)
26.1
(
1.3)
59.6
(
1.8)
81.0
(
1.4)
56.7
(
1.8)
40.5
(
1.8)
$
10,000
to
$
14,999
.....
15.6
(
0.4)
2,197
9.7
(
0.3)
26.2
(
1.1)
17.7
(
0.9)
31.4
(
1.1)
24.8
(
1.0)
55.9
(
1.5)
74.5
(
1.3)
54.7
(
1.5)
38.7
(
1.4)
$
15,000
to
$
19,999
.....
18.4
(
0.5)
2,084
12.0
(
0.4)
25.9
(
1.1)
20.4
(
1.0)
29.9
(
1.1)
23.8
(
1.1)
60.5
(
1.5)
77.8
(
1.3)
60.0
(
1.5)
42.7
(
1.5)
$
20,000
to
$
24,999
.....
25.5
(
0.5)
3,645
17.1
(
0.4)
25.1
(
0.8)
18.9
(
0.7)
31.4
(
0.9)
24.5
(
0.8)
59.9
(
1.2)
80.9
(
0.9)
58.1
(
1.2)
38.8
(
1.2)
$
25,000
to
$
29,999
.....
31.4
(
0.6)
4,174
21.0
(
0.5)
23.3
(
0.7)
19.3
(
0.7)
33.3
(
0.8)
24.1
(
0.8)
62.2
(
1.1)
77.6
(
0.9)
61.0
(
1.1)
42.0
(
1.1)
$
30,000
to
$
34,999
.....
38.3
(
0.6)
5,003
25.7
(
0.5)
22.5
(
0.7)
20.5
(
0.6)
32.9
(
0.7)
24.1
(
0.7)
66.4
(
1.0)
82.6
(
0.8)
64.1
(
1.0)
43.7
(
1.0)
$
35,000
to
$
39,999
.....
43.6
(
0.6)
5,367
29.1
(
0.6)
22.7
(
0.6)
18.5
(
0.6)
34.1
(
0.7)
24.7
(
0.6)
65.9
(
0.9)
84.3
(
0.7)
66.3
(
0.9)
46.1
(
1.0)
$
40,000
to
$
49,999
.....
51.1
(
0.5)
9,627
35.4
(
0.5)
22.2
(
0.5)
19.5
(
0.4)
33.3
(
0.5)
25.1
(
0.5)
68.2
(
0.7)
86.0
(
0.5)
67.6
(
0.7)
46.4
(
0.7)
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
.....
62.3
(
0.4)
21,685
44.6
(
0.4)
22.1
(
0.3)
20.2
(
0.3)
32.5
(
0.4)
25.1
(
0.3)
73.9
(
0.4)
87.2
(
0.3)
74.3
(
0.4)
53.9
(
0.5)
$
75,000
or
more
..........
77.6
(
0.4)
24,138
58.0
(
0.4)
24.1
(
0.3)
21.1
(
0.3)
32.8
(
0.3)
22.0
(
0.3)
80.9
(
0.4)
89.8
(
0.3)
81.1
(
0.4)
64.5
(
0.5)

Total,
all
students
......
54.6
(
0.3)
32,459
45.1
(
0.3)
21.7
(
0.2)
21.2
(
0.2)
36.3
(
0.3)
20.8
(
0.2)
74.6
(
0.3)
86.9
(
0.3)
71.9
(
0.4)
52.9
(
0.4)
Preprimary
..............
45.2
(
0.9)
2,493
29.6
(
0.8)
10.8
(
0.6)
17.7
(
0.8)
41.2
(
1.0)
30.3
(
0.9)
74.8
(
1.2)
85.4
(
0.9)
73.4
(
1.2)
53.5
(
1.3)
1st
to
8th
grade
......
50.7
(
0.5)
14,056
43.4
(
0.5)
16.5
(
0.4)
19.9
(
0.4)
41.5
(
0.5)
22.1
(
0.4)
75.2
(
0.6)
86.0
(
0.4)
71.0
(
0.6)
50.3
(
0.6)
9th
to
12th
grade
....
55.7
(
0.6)
7,699
48.8
(
0.6)
23.9
(
0.5)
22.8
(
0.5)
33.6
(
0.6)
19.6
(
0.5)
74.6
(
0.7)
88.6
(
0.5)
70.2
(
0.8)
51.5
(
0.8)
Undergraduate
........
64.7
(
0.7)
6,179
49.8
(
0.7)
30.8
(
0.7)
22.3
(
0.6)
29.0
(
0.7)
17.9
(
0.6)
73.3
(
0.9)
86.9
(
0.7)
73.6
(
0.9)
57.6
(
1.0)
Graduate
.................
75.3
(
1.2)
2,032
67.2
(
1.3)
34.1
(
1.2)
25.4
(
1.1)
26.9
(
1.1)
13.6
(
0.9)
73.6
(
1.5)
89.4
(
1.0)
78.9
(
1.4)
65.1
(
1.6)

Sex
Male
.............................
54.8
(
0.4)
16,213
45.2
(
0.4)
24.4
(
0.4)
21.1
(
0.3)
35.1
(
0.4)
19.4
(
0.3)
75.5
(
0.5)
86.5
(
0.4)
72.3
(
0.5)
53.4
(
0.6)
Preprimary
..............
46.5
(
1.3)
1,308
30.3
(
1.2)
13.4
(
0.9)
20.1
(
1.1)
37.1
(
1.3)
29.4
(
1.3)
74.3
(
1.6)
83.3
(
1.4)
72.3
(
1.6)
53.6
(
1.8)
1st
to
8th
grade
......
50.9
(
0.6)
7,257
43.6
(
0.6)
18.0
(
0.5)
20.8
(
0.5)
41.2
(
0.7)
20.1
(
0.5)
75.1
(
0.8)
85.6
(
0.6)
70.8
(
0.8)
50.2
(
0.9)
9th
to
12th
grade
....
56.1
(
0.9)
3,971
49.3
(
0.9)
27.3
(
0.8)
21.8
(
0.7)
31.4
(
0.8)
19.6
(
0.7)
76.4
(
1.0)
88.7
(
0.7)
71.9
(
1.0)
53.0
(
1.1)
Undergraduate
........
66.6
(
1.0)
2,841
51.3
(
1.0)
36.9
(
1.1)
20.4
(
0.9)
26.9
(
1.0)
15.8
(
0.8)
76.9
(
1.3)
87.2
(
1.0)
76.1
(
1.3)
60.8
(
1.5)
Graduate
.................
73.8
(
1.9)
834
64.1
(
2.0)
40.3
(
1.9)
24.5
(
1.7)
25.4
(
1.7)
9.8
(
1.2)
74.2
(
2.2)
88.3
(
1.7)
77.8
(
2.1)
63.7
(
2.5)

Female
.........................
54.4
(
0.4)
16,246
44.9
(
0.4)
19.0
(
0.3)
21.3
(
0.3)
37.4
(
0.4)
22.3
(
0.4)
73.7
(
0.5)
87.3
(
0.4)
71.6
(
0.5)
52.4
(
0.6)
Preprimary
..............
43.9
(
1.3)
1,185
28.8
(
1.2)
8.0
(
0.8)
15.0
(
1.0)
45.6
(
1.4)
31.4
(
1.3)
75.5
(
1.7)
87.7
(
1.3)
74.7
(
1.7)
53.4
(
1.9)
1st
to
8th
grade
......
50.5
(
0.7)
6,799
43.3
(
0.7)
15.0
(
0.5)
18.9
(
0.5)
41.7
(
0.7)
24.3
(
0.6)
75.3
(
0.8)
86.4
(
0.6)
71.3
(
0.8)
50.4
(
0.9)
9th
to
12th
grade
....
55.2
(
0.9)
3,728
48.1
(
0.9)
20.3
(
0.7)
23.9
(
0.8)
36.1
(
0.8)
19.7
(
0.7)
72.6
(
1.1)
88.5
(
0.8)
68.4
(
1.1)
49.9
(
1.2)
Undergraduate
........
63.1
(
0.9)
3,337
48.6
(
0.9)
25.7
(
0.9)
23.9
(
0.9)
30.7
(
0.9)
19.7
(
0.8)
70.4
(
1.2)
86.7
(
0.9)
71.7
(
1.2)
55.0
(
1.3)
Graduate
.................
76.5
(
1.6)
1,197
69.6
(
1.7)
29.7
(
1.5)
26.0
(
1.4)
28.0
(
1.5)
16.3
(
1.2)
73.2
(
1.9)
90.2
(
1.3)
79.7
(
1.7)
66.0
(
2.1)

Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
....
65.4
(
0.3)
26,229
54.9
(
0.4)
21.4
(
0.3)
21.4
(
0.3)
35.8
(
0.3)
21.4
(
0.3)
76.4
(
0.4)
89.1
(
0.3)
74.1
(
0.4)
55.2
(
0.4)
Preprimary
..............
56.9
(
1.1)
2,080
38.4
(
1.1)
11.2
(
0.7)
17.4
(
0.8)
41.8
(
1.1)
29.6
(
1.0)
77.1
(
1.3)
87.3
(
1.0)
74.9
(
1.3)
54.9
(
1.5)
1st
to
8th
grade
......
62.0
(
0.6)
11,340
54.4
(
0.6)
16.0
(
0.4)
20.3
(
0.4)
41.1
(
0.5)
22.6
(
0.4)
77.2
(
0.6)
88.5
(
0.5)
74.0
(
0.6)
53.2
(
0.7)
9th
to
12th
grade
....
68.7
(
0.7)
6,265
60.9
(
0.7)
23.9
(
0.6)
23.0
(
0.6)
32.8
(
0.6)
20.3
(
0.5)
76.3
(
0.8)
90.6
(
0.5)
72.1
(
0.8)
53.5
(
0.9)
Undergraduate
........
71.3
(
0.7)
4,927
55.1
(
0.8)
31.1
(
0.8)
22.1
(
0.7)
27.9
(
0.8)
18.9
(
0.7)
74.6
(
1.0)
89.0
(
0.7)
75.4
(
1.0)
59.9
(
1.1)
Graduate
.................
78.9
(
1.3)
1,617
70.3
(
1.5)
33.0
(
1.3)
25.8
(
1.2)
27.1
(
1.2)
14.0
(
1.0)
74.3
(
1.6)
90.5
(
1.1)
78.6
(
1.5)
65.2
(
1.8)

Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
28.2
(
0.7)
2,330
21.1
(
0.6)
20.3
(
1.0)
21.9
(
1.0)
41.1
(
1.2)
16.6
(
0.9)
57.8
(
1.5)
75.3
(
1.3)
58.6
(
1.5)
39.1
(
1.5)
Preprimary
..............
17.8
(
1.5)
139
9.8
(
1.2)
11.3
(
2.4)
19.8
(
3.0)
31.0
(
3.5)
37.8
(
3.7)
55.5
(
4.7)
80.5
(
3.8)
62.0
(
4.6)
43.0
(
4.7)
1st
to
8th
grade
......
26.8
(
0.9)
1,078
20.6
(
0.8)
19.7
(
1.3)
17.2
(
1.3)
47.3
(
1.7)
15.8
(
1.2)
58.3
(
2.0)
74.0
(
1.8)
55.4
(
2.0)
34.8
(
1.9)
9th
to
12th
grade
....
26.6
(
1.4)
534
21.0
(
1.3)
19.9
(
2.1)
27.6
(
2.4)
38.4
(
2.6)
14.1
(
1.8)
56.2
(
3.1)
73.8
(
2.8)
57.5
(
3.1)
39.4
(
3.1)
Undergraduate
........
37.8
(
2.0)
394
25.6
(
1.8)
19.2
(
2.7)
26.4
(
3.0)
38.4
(
3.3)
16.0
(
2.5)
56.2
(
4.1)
73.1
(
3.6)
61.3
(
4.0)
40.3
(
4.0)
Graduate
.................
63.0
(
4.4)
185
56.3
(
4.5)
34.4
(
4.3)
24.7
(
3.9)
26.5
(
4.0)
14.3
(
3.2)
67.0
(
5.5)
87.6
(
3.8)
75.6
(
5.0)
61.0
(
5.7)

Hispanic
.......................
27.2
(
0.8)
1,944
21.1
(
0.7)
22.2
(
1.1)
18.7
(
1.1)
41.1
(
1.4)
18.0
(
1.1)
72.8
(
1.6)
77.9
(
1.5)
60.8
(
1.7)
45.2
(
1.8)
Preprimary
..............
21.2
(
1.5)
134
11.2
(
1.1)
9.6
(
1.9)
17.3
(
2.4)
43.3
(
3.1)
29.9
(
2.9)
65.8
(
3.7)
74.7
(
3.4)
67.4
(
3.7)
46.0
(
3.9)
1st
to
8th
grade
......
24.0
(
0.8)
863
18.6
(
0.7)
18.0
(
1.1)
17.3
(
1.1)
44.2
(
1.5)
20.4
(
1.2)
72.8
(
1.7)
75.7
(
1.6)
57.7
(
1.9)
43.6
(
1.9)
9th
to
12th
grade
....
25.8
(
1.7)
458
21.6
(
1.6)
25.0
(
2.5)
19.3
(
2.3)
37.1
(
2.8)
18.6
(
2.2)
73.2
(
3.3)
81.0
(
2.9)
58.0
(
3.7)
41.0
(
3.7)
Undergraduate
........
45.8
(
2.6)
430
37.3
(
2.5)
29.1
(
2.9)
21.1
(
2.6)
38.7
(
3.1)
11.2
(
2.0)
74.4
(
3.6)
81.1
(
3.2)
65.0
(
3.9)
50.9
(
4.1)
Graduate
.................
(
2)
 
(
2)
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
(
2)
 
Family
income
Less
than
$
5,000
.........
29.5
(
1.2)
812
22.6
(
1.1)
30.7
(
1.7)
16.7
(
1.4)
31.2
(
1.7)
21.4
(
1.5)
66.8
(
2.3)
86.1
(
1.7)
69.3
(
2.2)
49.5
(
2.4)
$
5,000
to
$
9,999
.........
20.8
(
0.9)
790
15.8
(
0.8)
27.0
(
1.7)
18.9
(
1.5)
32.7
(
1.8)
21.5
(
1.6)
63.6
(
2.3)
81.4
(
1.9)
58.7
(
2.4)
43.3
(
2.4)
$
10,000
to
$
14,999
.....
23.7
(
0.9)
1,004
18.4
(
0.8)
26.2
(
1.6)
17.0
(
1.3)
37.0
(
1.7)
19.7
(
1.4)
58.6
(
2.1)
74.0
(
1.9)
54.2
(
2.2)
39.5
(
2.1)
$
15,000
to
$
19,999
.....
27.1
(
1.1)
854
20.7
(
1.0)
28.6
(
1.7)
21.1
(
1.5)
35.7
(
1.8)
14.5
(
1.3)
63.9
(
2.2)
77.5
(
1.9)
62.0
(
2.3)
45.6
(
2.3)
$
20,000
to
$
24,999
.....
36.8
(
1.0)
1,541
30.5
(
1.0)
26.3
(
1.3)
19.8
(
1.1)
33.0
(
1.3)
20.8
(
1.2)
61.8
(
1.8)
82.4
(
1.4)
60.2
(
1.8)
39.9
(
1.8)
$
25,000
to
$
29,999
.....
44.2
(
1.1)
1,649
34.6
(
1.1)
21.2
(
1.1)
23.0
(
1.2)
35.3
(
1.3)
20.5
(
1.1)
62.8
(
1.7)
76.6
(
1.4)
60.6
(
1.7)
41.5
(
1.7)
$
30,000
to
$
34,999
.....
48.6
(
1.1)
2,014
38.7
(
1.0)
20.3
(
1.0)
21.4
(
1.0)
37.3
(
1.2)
20.9
(
1.0)
69.6
(
1.4)
83.4
(
1.2)
62.8
(
1.5)
44.5
(
1.5)
$
35,000
to
$
39,999
.....
55.5
(
1.1)
2,187
44.1
(
1.1)
22.8
(
1.0)
18.8
(
0.9)
36.4
(
1.1)
22.0
(
0.9)
68.9
(
1.4)
86.3
(
1.0)
67.2
(
1.4)
45.8
(
1.5)
$
40,000
to
$
49,999
.....
61.4
(
0.9)
3,801
50.6
(
0.9)
18.8
(
0.7)
21.3
(
0.7)
39.0
(
0.9)
20.9
(
0.7)
71.2
(
1.0)
86.9
(
0.8)
69.0
(
1.1)
45.5
(
1.2)
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
.....
73.0
(
0.6)
8,577
61.7
(
0.6)
19.1
(
0.5)
22.0
(
0.5)
36.3
(
0.6)
22.6
(
0.5)
78.4
(
0.6)
89.6
(
0.5)
75.7
(
0.7)
55.2
(
0.8)
$
75,000
or
more
..........
86.7
(
0.5)
9,231
74.2
(
0.6)
22.2
(
0.5)
21.9
(
0.5)
36.4
(
0.5)
19.6
(
0.4)
85.2
(
0.6)
91.6
(
0.4)
82.7
(
0.6)
66.7
(
0.7)

1
Data
are
for
the
most
recently
purchased
computer
for
families
with
more
than
one
computer.
Percent
based
on
persons
who
have
a
computer
in
their
home.

2
Sample
size
too
small
for
reliable
results.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
households
and
are
subject
to
sampling
and
nonsampling
error.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
October
1997,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
November
1998.)
483
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
TECHNOLOGY
Table
426.
 
Percent
of
home
computer
users
using
specific
applications,
by
selected
characteristics:
October
1997
Selected
characteristics
Number
of
home
computer
users,
in
thousands
Percent
of
computer
users
using
specific
applications
1
Home
bookkeeping
2
School
assignments
Games
Jobrelated
2
Home
connection
to
school
or
work
Word
processing
Data
bases
2
Graphics
Desktop
publishing
2
Spreadsheets
2
Internet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total,
all
persons
...
81,013
(
600)
 
 
29.9
62.6
 
10.6
(
0.2)
60.9
 
23.4
 
 
44.9
(
0.3)
Total,
all
persons
over
15
.................
53,845
(
461)
45.2
(
0.4)
16.0
53.2
35.5
14.6
(
0.3)
70.6
26.7
26.0
17.9
29.4
52.4
(
0.4)

Sex
Male
.............................
41,260
(
413)
32.4
(
0.4)
28.5
66.4
26.8
12.9
(
0.3)
57.0
21.0
24.0
12.4
23.1
48.4
(
0.4)
Female
.........................
39,753
(
304)
28.8
(
0.4)
31.3
58.5
21.8
8.3
(
0.2)
64.9
16.4
22.8
13.2
17.8
41.3
(
0.4)

Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
....
68,026
(
330)
31.5
(
0.3)
28.9
62.9
24.8
10.9
(
0.2)
61.7
19.3
24.0
13.2
21.1
46.1
(
0.3)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
4,943
(
108)
28.1
(
1.1)
32.9
62.5
22.5
8.8
(
0.7)
55.6
15.2
20.5
11.0
17.9
34.3
(
1.2)
Hispanic
.......................
4,081
(
93)
24.3
(
1.3)
34.6
59.6
19.9
7.5
(
0.8)
55.8
14.3
20.1
10.4
14.6
38.1
(
1.5)
Other
............................
3,963
 
24.3
(
1.3)
38.3
59.1
22.4
11.7
(
1.0)
59.1
17.7
21.3
10.0
19.4
44.2
(
1.6)

Age
Under
15
......................
18,774
(
222)
 
 
49.0
87.0
 
1.2
(
0.1)
31.5
 
17.2
 
 
22.8
(
0.5)
15
to
19
.......................
8,395
(
153)
5.6
(
0.4)
75.9
67.7
7.1
6.1
(
0.5)
64.2
9.3
20.9
8.9
9.4
46.1
(
0.9)
20
to
24
.......................
4,975
(
119)
24.0
(
1.0)
51.3
60.9
16.4
16.3
(
0.9)
70.9
19.0
22.6
12.1
21.6
55.9
(
1.2)
25
to
29
.......................
5,963
(
130)
44.3
(
1.1)
23.4
58.5
34.8
17.9
(
0.9)
71.5
26.3
25.1
19.8
30.5
59.0
(
1.1)
30
to
39
.......................
15,393
(
203)
48.3
(
0.7)
13.3
58.3
39.2
15.8
(
0.5)
68.7
27.0
27.7
19.3
31.1
53.2
(
0.7)
40
to
49
.......................
15,346
(
203)
46.5
(
0.7)
12.2
50.4
39.2
14.9
(
0.5)
71.4
28.0
27.3
18.9
30.8
52.8
(
0.7)
50
to
59
.......................
7,679
(
147)
48.2
(
1.0)
8.3
43.7
41.2
13.5
(
0.7)
73.4
30.3
25.8
18.0
30.7
50.0
(
1.0)
60
to
69
.......................
3,162
(
96)
51.3
(
1.5)
3.5
47.9
25.1
5.8
(
0.7)
69.9
25.1
22.4
15.1
25.7
42.3
(
1.5)
70
or
older
...................
1,327
(
62)
44.5
(
2.4)
2.1
43.0
17.3
4.4
(
1.0)
63.8
22.4
17.1
9.2
20.2
35.3
(
2.3)

Family
income
Under
$
20,000
.............
7,374
(
144)
25.8
(
0.9)
34.2
61.8
16.2
9.3
(
0.6)
58.0
15.3
21.8
9.9
17.4
38.9
(
1.0)
$
20,000
to
$
29,999
.....
7,819
(
148)
29.3
(
0.9)
30.8
66.4
18.7
6.7
(
0.5)
57.2
15.6
22.4
12.4
16.6
37.6
(
0.9)
$
30,000
to
$
39,999
.....
10,370
(
169)
30.2
(
0.8)
29.4
64.5
20.4
7.6
(
0.5)
55.3
17.5
23.2
12.0
17.4
38.7
(
0.8)
$
40,000
to
$
49,999
.....
9,627
(
164)
29.3
(
0.8)
28.3
66.3
20.4
8.1
(
0.5)
55.5
16.6
23.9
12.1
18.0
38.6
(
0.9)
$
50,000
to
$
74,999
.....
21,685
(
236)
30.4
(
0.5)
29.9
63.6
24.6
10.4
(
0.4)
61.7
18.6
24.0
13.2
20.7
45.6
(
0.6)
$
75,000
or
more
..........
24,138
(
247)
33.4
(
0.5)
29.1
58.2
31.7
14.9
(
0.4)
66.8
22.2
23.7
14.1
25.0
53.6
(
0.6)

1
Individuals
may
be
counted
in
more
than
one
computer
activity.

2
Data
are
for
persons
15
years
old
and
over.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.
NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
households
and
are
subject
to
sampling
and
nonsampling
error.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
October
1997,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)

Table
427.
 
Percent
of
student
home
computer
users
using
specific
applications,
by
selected
characteristics:
October
1997
Selected
characteristics
Number
of
home
computer
users,
in
thousands
Percent
of
computer
users
using
specific
applications
1
Home
bookkeeping
School
assignments
Games
Jobrelated
Home
connection
to
school
or
work
Word
processing
Data
bases
Graphics
Desktop
publishing
Spreadsheets
Internet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total,
all
students
................
32,459
(
310)
 
65.9
(
0.4)
78.0
 
7.4
(
0.2)
52.5
 
21.4
 
 
36.3
(
0.4)
Preprimary
........................
2,493
(
83)
 
5.2
(
0.7)
89.5
 
0.4
(
0.2)
4.6
0.0
10.8
 
 
4.4
(
0.7)
1st
to
8th
grade
................
14,056
(
205)
 
58.3
(
0.7)
93.0
 
1.3
(
0.2)
36.1
0.0
19.2
 
 
25.1
(
0.6)
White,
non­
Hispanic
......
11,340
(
182)
 
55.6
(
0.8)
89.1
 
1.2
(
0.2)
35.7
0.0
19.5
 
 
26.4
(
0.7)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
......
1,078
(
50)
 
49.8
(
2.3)
84.1
 
1.0
(
0.5)
23.6
0.0
9.5
 
 
16.0
(
1.7)
Hispanic
........................
863
(
37)
 
51.0
(
2.1)
77.5
 
2.0
(
0.6)
28.2
0.0
14.3
 
 
19.4
(
1.7)
9th
to
12th
grade
..............
7,699
(
139)
2.9
84.8
(
0.6)
76.0
5.2
3.1
(
0.3)
65.9
6.1
22.3
7.0
6.5
42.2
(
0.9)
White,
non­
Hispanic
......
6,265
(
125)
2.8
80.4
(
0.8)
72.5
4.2
3.1
(
0.3)
64.3
6.0
22.2
7.1
6.3
43.6
(
1.0)
Black,
non­
Hispanic
......
534
(
38)
1.7
74.3
(
3.1)
69.7
9.9
1.4
(
0.8)
47.2
2.4
15.3
4.0
2.2
27.6
(
3.2)
Hispanic
........................
458
(
37)
3.1
73.0
(
3.6)
64.2
4.4
2.2
(
1.2)
55.2
4.1
13.4
3.9
4.5
37.3
(
3.9)
Undergraduate
..................
6,179
(
124)
22.5
82.0
(
0.8)
54.3
17.8
20.3
(
0.8)
79.7
0.0
25.4
14.3
24.6
57.9
(
1.0)
Graduate
...........................
2,032
(
70)
38.1
73.4
(
1.5)
44.3
43.4
32.0
(
1.6)
88.0
0.0
32.9
25.5
36.6
65.9
(
1.6)

Males
.....................................
16,213
(
208)
7.2
62.5
(
0.6)
79.9
7.2
7.7
(
0.3)
47.0
0.0
20.3
5.4
8.9
37.3
(
0.6)
Preprimary
........................
1,308
(
60)
 
5.5
(
1.0)
90.3
 
0.8
(
0.4)
3.8
0.0
11.2
 
 
5.9
(
1.1)
1st
to
8th
grade
................
7,257
(
144)
 
54.8
(
1.0)
89.8
 
1.4
(
0.2)
31.3
0.0
16.3
 
 
25.0
(
0.8)
9th
to
12th
grade
..............
3,971
(
98)
3.0
78.6
(
1.0)
78.8
5.5
3.4
(
0.4)
58.9
0.0
21.9
6.6
6.7
44.5
(
1.2)
Undergraduate
..................
2,841
(
83)
23.5
82.7
(
1.1)
59.8
18.8
23.7
(
1.2)
78.8
0.0
28.6
13.8
28.4
63.6
(
1.4)
Graduate
...........................
834
(
45)
44.2
73.7
(
2.3)
50.4
48.1
39.0
(
2.6)
85.9
0.0
34.5
26.0
43.0
68.8
(
2.5)

Females
.................................
16,246
(
208)
7.5
64.3
(
0.6)
70.2
7.4
6.6
(
0.3)
54.1
0.0
20.8
6.4
8.0
35.4
(
0.6)
Preprimary
........................
1,185
(
57)
 
4.9
(
1.0)
88.6
 
0.0
0.0
5.3
0.0
10.4
 
 
2.7
(
0.8)
1st
to
8th
grade
................
6,799
(
139)
 
55.4
(
1.0)
85.9
 
1.1
(
0.2)
37.0
0.0
20.0
 
 
25.1
(
0.9)
9th
to
12th
grade
..............
3,728
(
95)
2.5
81.3
(
1.0)
64.0
4.1
2.5
(
0.4)
65.5
0.0
20.0
6.5
5.5
39.7
(
1.2)
Undergraduate
..................
3,337
(
90)
21.6
81.5
(
1.0)
49.5
17.0
17.4
(
1.0)
80.6
0.0
22.7
14.7
21.3
53.1
(
1.3)
Graduate
...........................
1,197
(
54)
33.9
73.2
(
2.0)
40.0
40.2
27.0
(
2.0)
89.4
0.0
31.8
25.2
32.2
63.8
(
2.1)

1
Individuals
may
be
counted
in
more
than
one
computer
activity.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
households
and
are
subject
to
sampling
and
nonsampling
error.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
October
1997,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
October
1998.)
484
LIBRARY
RESOURCES
AND
TECHNOLOGY:
TECHNOLOGY
Table
428.
 
Student
use
of
computers,
by
level
of
instruction
and
selected
characteristics:
1984
to
1997
Student
and
school
characteristics
October,
1984
total
October
1989,
total
October
1993
October
1997
Total
Prekindergarten
and
kindergarten
Grades
1
to
8
Grades
9
to
12
1st
to
4th
year
of
college
5th
or
later
year
of
college
Total
Prekindergarten
and
kindergarten
Grades
1
to
8
Grades
9
to
12
1st
to
4th
year
of
college
5th
or
later
year
of
college
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Percent
of
students
using
computers
at
school
Total
............................
27.3
42.7
59.0
26.2
68.9
58.2
55.2
52.1
68.8
36.5
79.3
(
0.4)
70.5
(
0.6)
64.7
55.5
Sex
Male
.............................
29.0
43.5
59.4
25.9
69.5
56.5
57.5
56.7
70.1
37.1
79.5
(
0.5)
71.3
(
0.8)
67.8
59.9
Female
.........................
25.5
41.9
58.7
26.5
68.4
60.0
53.3
47.8
67.6
35.7
79.0
(
0.5)
69.6
(
0.8)
62.2
52.1
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
....
30.0
45.7
61.6
29.4
73.7
59.9
54.9
49.8
71.1
38.7
84.0
(
0.4)
71.9
(
0.7)
64.3
53.8
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
16.8
32.6
51.5
16.5
56.5
54.5
56.9
57.9
66.3
33.5
71.6
(
0.9)
72.9
(
1.4)
69.2
55.8
Hispanic
.......................
18.6
34.9
52.3
19.2
58.4
54.1
51.9
53.7
61.5
31.0
68.3
(
0.9)
63.1
(
1.8)
63.3
54.7
Other
............................
28.6
42.7
59.0
23.5
65.7
57.3
60.9
69.4
65.3
32.7
74.9
(
1.3)
63.6
(
2.9)
63.1
68.9
Household
income
Less
than
$
5,000
.........
18.7
36.7
51.2
19.6
55.0
50.6
61.7
66.7
62.1
25.4
69.6
(
1.9)
67.9
(
2.9)
61.1
74.1
$
5,000
to
9,999
...........
21.0
36.1
53.3
24.4
60.3
51.9
53.9
56.2
63.5
35.1
70.1
(
1.6)
61.6
(
2.4)
69.8
74.8
$
10,000
to
14,999
.......
22.4
38.4
56.4
20.1
64.7
56.7
50.7
76.1
66.2
33.3
74.1
(
1.4)
68.2
(
2.1)
64.1
70.5
$
15,000
to
19,999
.......
25.9
41.5
58.1
23.8
67.5
57.4
51.2
58.5
65.9
33.0
74.9
(
1.6)
66.7
(
2.4)
62.1
69.4
$
20,000
to
24,999
.......
26.7
42.4
56.4
23.7
64.3
53.0
57.4
52.4
66.9
34.2
74.9
(
1.5)
69.2
(
2.0)
64.0
65.8
$
25,000
to
29,999
.......
30.5
46.1
60.0
28.0
70.1
60.3
51.5
58.0
68.5
38.9
77.7
(
1.5)
72.0
(
2.2)
63.1
53.7
$
30,000
to
34,999
.......
30.5
44.2
59.1
23.7
69.6
59.7
51.7
45.3
67.6
34.6
79.9
(
1.3)
70.4
(
2.1)
55.2
47.7
$
35,000
to
39,999
.......
32.3
45.2
60.7
27.1
72.1
61.7
49.2
47.9
69.0
34.6
79.9
(
1.4)
70.1
(
2.2)
61.5
55.2
$
40,000
to
49,999
.......
32.8
44.7
59.3
28.5
70.3
57.2
53.9
48.6
70.5
34.7
81.6
(
1.1)
74.1
(
1.6)
63.3
52.0
$
50,000
to
74,999
.......
35.5
47.0
62.6
28.6
75.6
61.5
57.4
44.2
71.7
39.3
84.0
(
0.8)
72.8
(
1.2)
67.2
48.5
$
75,000
or
more
..........
36.0
51.2
64.6
33.5
78.7
62.5
60.9
47.7
72.1
43.2
85.7
(
0.8)
71.6
(
1.3)
68.1
50.1
Control
of
school
Public
...........................
27.4
43.3
60.2
30.1
68.6
58.1
53.9
54.1
41.2
40.1
79.0
(
0.4)
70.5
(
0.6)
63.4
56.7
Private
..........................
26.5
38.9
52.1
18.7
72.5
60.7
60.7
48.0
37.8
29.6
82.1
(
1.1)
69.6
(
2.1)
70.4
53.0
Percent
of
students
using
computers
at
home
Total
............................
11.5
18.8
27.0
15.6
24.7
28.7
32.8
52.6
45.1
29.6
43.4
(
0.5)
48.8
(
0.6)
49.8
67.2
Sex
Male
.............................
14.0
20.7
27.4
15.1
24.8
28.2
36.6
56.1
45.2
30.3
43.6
(
0.6)
49.3
(
0.9)
51.3
64.1
Female
.........................
9.0
17.0
26.6
16.1
24.6
29.2
29.7
49.5
44.9
28.8
43.3
(
0.7)
48.1
(
0.9)
48.6
69.6
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
....
13.7
22.7
32.8
19.4
31.4
35.9
36.0
53.6
54.9
38.4
54.4
(
0.6)
60.9
(
0.7)
55.1
70.3
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
4.9
7.3
10.9
4.2
9.0
10.4
19.4
48.1
21.1
9.8
20.6
(
0.8)
21.0
(
1.3)
25.6
56.3
Hispanic
.......................
3.6
7.5
10.4
5.7
7.5
9.8
22.0
52.2
21.1
11.2
18.6
(
0.7)
21.6
(
1.6)
37.3
56.1
Other
............................
9.0
18.8
28.7
17.0
23.2
37.0
33.0
47.1
49.1
34.1
46.9
(
1.5)
51.8
(
3.0)
55.2
59.1
Household
income
Less
than
$
5,000
.........
2.9
8.4
9.7
1.1
4.1
6.8
25.6
45.2
22.6
4.7
17.4
(
1.6)
17.3
(
2.3)
40.8
57.1
$
5,000
to
9,999
...........
3.2
5.4
8.0
0.9
4.5
5.3
21.3
45.6
15.8
7.6
9.9
(
1.0)
9.1
(
1.4)
41.0
55.4
$
10,000
to
14,999
.......
5.0
7.2
11.4
4.6
6.4
8.7
29.8
50.0
18.4
9.4
12.8
(
1.1)
18.1
(
1.8)
34.9
64.2
$
15,000
to
19,999
.......
7.5
11.3
15.1
6.9
10.9
14.1
28.9
43.0
20.7
9.4
16.4
(
1.4)
20.6
(
2.1)
35.1
74.8
$
20,000
to
24,999
.......
9.9
12.9
16.8
7.4
13.1
17.9
27.7
49.6
30.5
14.5
26.1
(
1.5)
31.7
(
2.0)
44.1
61.3
$
25,000
to
29,999
.......
12.8
17.0
21.1
12.3
19.3
22.0
26.1
47.0
34.6
20.9
32.2
(
1.6)
37.9
(
2.3)
42.8
53.4
$
30,000
to
34,999
.......
15.8
17.7
24.1
18.7
20.5
29.1
26.4
44.4
38.7
22.7
36.4
(
1.6)
42.3
(
2.3)
45.8
65.4
$
35,000
to
39,999
.......
19.4
21.4
27.1
13.0
26.3
28.1
32.7
52.7
44.1
28.1
44.5
(
1.7)
45.9
(
2.4)
47.0
67.4
$
40,000
to
49,999
.......
20.4
25.7
32.2
21.6
32.9
33.9
32.5
45.9
50.6
37.3
51.0
(
1.4)
56.2
(
1.9)
51.1
54.1
$
50,000
to
74,999
.......
24.2
31.6
43.0
25.5
45.3
46.4
40.1
58.2
61.7
44.3
64.2
(
1.0)
67.3
(
1.3)
56.3
73.2
$
75,000
or
more
..........
22.1
43.8
56.1
38.2
62.3
61.0
47.0
64.7
74.2
58.5
80.3
(
0.9)
80.7
(
1.1)
62.8
76.1
Control
of
school
Public
...........................
11.2
17.9
25.3
12.1
23.0
27.2
31.9
50.0
30.2
24.0
41.2
(
0.5)
46.9
(
0.6)
49.7
66.1
Private
..........................
13.8
24.4
37.4
22.4
41.5
47.2
36.9
57.7
35.9
40.2
65.0
(
1.4)
72.8
(
2.0)
50.3
69.5
Percent
of
students
using
computers
at
home
for
school
work
Total
............................
4.6
8.9
14.9
0.6
10.8
20.9
23.1
36.6
28.6
1.5
23.9
(
0.4)
39.0
(
0.6)
40.8
49.3
Sex
Male
.............................
5.9
9.5
14.8
0.9
10.1
20.5
26.3
40.3
28.3
1.7
23.8
(
0.5)
38.8
(
0.8)
42.4
47.2
Female
.........................
3.3
8.3
15.0
0.4
11.5
21.4
20.5
33.2
28.9
1.4
24.0
(
0.6)
39.1
(
0.9)
39.6
50.9
Race
White,
non­
Hispanic
....
5.4
10.7
18.2
0.8
13.8
26.5
25.7
37.8
35.0
1.7
30.2
(
0.5)
49.0
(
0.8)
45.9
51.3
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.....
2.3
3.4
5.7
 
4.0
6.9
11.5
30.1
12.5
1.5
10.3
(
0.6)
15.6
(
1.2)
19.2
39.8
Hispanic
.......................
1.4
3.6
5.6
 
2.9
6.7
15.9
36.8
12.5
0.7
9.5
(
0.5)
15.8
(
1.4)
27.6
46.2
Other
............................
3.8
9.1
16.0
1.1
9.3
27.0
23.7
29.2
33.6
1.9
28.2
(
1.4)
44.9
(
3.0)
45.2
45.8
Household
income
Less
than
$
5,000
.........
1.0
5.0
6.7
 
2.5
4.0
18.7
36.0
15.1
 
8.8
(
1.2)
11.7
(
2.0)
31.6
53.7
$
5,000
to
9,999
...........
1.5
3.2
4.8
 
1.1
3.6
16.1
35.5
10.4
1.1
3.9
(
0.7)
7.3
(
1.3)
35.3
44.8
$
10,000
to
14,999
.......
1.9
3.5
7.3
 
2.6
5.6
25.9
34.6
11.4
0.8
5.3
(
0.7)
13.5
(
1.6)
28.9
50.1
$
15,000
to
19,999
.......
3.0
4.5
8.6
0.4
4.7
10.8
18.7
31.0
13.2
1.0
8.4
(
1.0)
13.2
(
1.7)
31.0
63.3
$
20,000
to
24,999
.......
3.1
5.7
9.8
0.7
5.1
12.6
22.9
35.0
19.4
1.7
12.5
(
1.2)
25.4
(
1.9)
35.2
44.6
$
25,000
to
29,999
.......
5.1
6.4
10.4
1.1
6.3
13.4
19.5
34.9
21.9
2.1
18.6
(
1.4)
27.5
(
2.2)
34.4
40.8
$
30,000
to
34,999
.......
4.9
8.0
13.0
0.8
8.1
21.9
18.0
35.1
24.4
0.8
19.0
(
1.3)
33.2
(
2.2)
38.7
48.9
$
35,000
to
39,999
.......
7.1
10.5
15.4
0.8
12.4
21.0
22.6
37.2
26.5
0.4
22.3
(
1.4)
35.5
(
2.3)
38.7
55.7
$
40,000
to
49,999
.......
9.2
11.9
17.1
1.1
14.7
24.2
22.2
32.1
30.1
2.9
26.7
(
1.2)
45.5
(
1.9)
38.9
36.8
$
50,000
to
74,999
.......
11.5
15.2
23.2
1.0
19.7
35.0
27.0
38.2
39.3
1.2
36.1
(
1.0)
54.9
(
1.4)
46.9
53.1
$
75,000
or
more
..........
9.8
22.0
30.4
0.8
29.4
45.2
30.6
41.5
48.3
2.8
48.5
(
1.2)
66.4
(
1.4)
51.5
50.4
Control
of
school
Public
...........................
4.5
8.5
14.2
0.5
10.1
19.8
22.7
34.7
21.8
1.5
22.5
(
0.4)
37.1
(
0.6)
40.6
48.7
Private
..........................
5.4
11.4
18.8
1.0
17.8
35.4
24.8
40.1
24.6
1.6
37.7
(
1.4)
62.0
(
2.3)
42.0
50.6
 
Data
not
available.

NOTE.
 
Data
are
based
on
a
sample
survey
of
households
and
are
subject
to
sampling
and
nonsampling
error.
Standard
errors
appear
in
parentheses.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Current
Population
Survey,
October
1984,
1989,
1993,
and
1997,
unpublished
data.
(
This
table
was
prepared
September
1998.)
485
Guide
to
Tabular
Presentation
This
section
is
intended
to
assist
the
reader
in
following
the
basic
structure
of
the
Digest
tables
and
to
provide
a
legend
for
some
of
the
common
symbols
and
indexes
used
throughout
the
book.
Unless
otherwise
noted,
all
data
are
for
the
50
states
and
the
District
of
Columbia.

Table
Components
Title
Describes
the
table
content
concisely.

Unit
Indicator
Informs
the
reader
of
the
measurement
united
in
the
table
 
`
`
In
thousands,''
``
In
millions
of
dollars,''
etc.
Noted
below
the
title
unless
several
units
are
used,
in
which
case
the
unit
indicators
are
generally
given
in
the
spanner
or
individual
column
heads.

Spanner
Describes
a
group
of
two
or
more
columns.

Column
head
Describes
specific
column.
Stub
Describes
a
row
or
a
group
of
rows.
Each
stub
is
followed
by
a
number
of
dots
(
leaders)
or
by
a
semicolon
if
no
data
appears
in
the
data
fields.

Field
The
area
of
the
table
which
contains
the
data
elements.

Rules
in
the
field
Single
horizontal
rules
indicate
 
that
the
data
below
the
line
add
to
the
figure
immediately
above
the
line,
or
 
in
the
case
of
derived
figures
(
e.
g.,
percents,
medians
that
the
datum
above
the
line
represents
a
cumulative
figure.

Double
horizontal
rules
demarcate
groups
of
related
rows.

Single
vertical
rules
delineate
columns.

Double
vertical
rules
divide
the
table
into
sections
with
unique
stubs.
486
GUIDE
TO
TABULAR
PRESENTATION
Footnote
Describes
a
unique
circumstance
relating
to
a
specific
item
within
the
table.
Usually
listed
below
the
bottom
rule
of
the
table.

Note
Furnishes
general
information
that
relates
to
the
entire
table.

Source
The
document
or
reference
from
which
the
data
are
drawn.
This
note
may
also
include
the
organizational
unit
responsible
for
preparing
the
data.

Descriptive
Terms
Average
A
number
that
is
used
to
represent
the
``
typical
value''
of
a
group
of
numbers.
It
is
regarded
as
a
measure
of
``
location''
or
``
central
tendency''
of
a
group
of
numbers.

Arithmetic
mean
is
the
most
commonly
used
average
It
is
derived
by
summing
the
individual
item
values
of
a
particular
group
and
dividing
that
sum
by
the
number
of
items.
This
value
is
often
referred
to
simply
as
the
``
mean''
or
``
average.''

Median
is
the
measure
of
central
tendency
that
occupies
the
middle
position
in
a
rank
order
of
values.
It
generally
has
the
same
number
of
items
above
it
as
below
it.
If
there
is
an
even
number
of
items
in
the
group,
the
median
is
the
average
of
the
middle
two
items.

Per
capita,
or
per
person,
figure
represents
an
average
computed
for
every
person
in
a
specified
group,
or
population.
It
is
derived
by
dividing
the
total
for
an
item
(
such
as
income
or
expenditures)
by
the
number
of
persons
in
the
specified
population.

Index
number
A
value
that
provides
a
means
of
measuring,
summarizing,
and
communicating
the
nature
of
changes
that
occur
from
time
to
time
or
from
place
to
place.
An
index
is
used
to
express
changes
in
prices
over
periods
of
time
but
may
also
be
used
to
express
differences
between
related
subjects
at
a
single
point
in
time.
The
Digest
most
often
uses
the
Consumer
Price
Index
to
compare
purchasing
power
over
time.

To
compute
a
price
index,
a
base
year
or
period
is
selected.
The
base
year
price
is
then
designated
as
the
base
or
reference
price
to
which
the
prices
for
other
years
or
periods
are
related.

A
method
of
expressing
the
price
relationship
is:

Index
number
=

Price
of
a
set
of
one
or
more
items
for
related
year
x
100
Price
of
the
same
set
of
items
for
base
year
When
100
is
subtracted
from
the
index
number,
the
result
equals
the
percent
change
in
price
from
the
base
year.

Current
and
constant
dollars
are
used
in
a
number
of
tables
to
express
finance
data.
Unless
otherwise
noted,
all
figures
are
in
current
dollars,
not
adjusted
for
inflation.
Constant
dollars
provide
a
measure
of
the
impact
of
inflation
on
the
current
dollars.

Current
dollar
figures
reflect
actual
prices
or
costs
prevailing
during
the
specified
year(
s).

Constant
dollar
figures
attempt
to
remove
the
effects
of
price
changes
(
inflation)
from
statistical
series
reported
in
dollar
terms.

The
constant
dollar
value
for
an
item
is
derived
by
dividing
the
base
year
price
index
(
for
example,
the
Consumer
Price
Index
for
1996)
by
the
price
index
for
the
year
of
data
to
be
adjusted
and
multiplying
by
the
item
to
be
adjusted.
The
result
is
an
adjusted
dollar
value
as
it
would
presumably
exist
if
prices
were
the
same
as
the
base
year
 
in
other
words,
as
if
the
dollar
had
constant
purchasing
power.
Any
changes
in
the
constant
dollar
amounts
would
reflect
only
changes
in
the
real
values.

NOTE:
Tables
may
not
include
data
for
all
years
implied
in
table
titles.
487
Guide
to
Sources
Sources
and
Comparability
of
Data
The
information
presented
in
this
report
was
obtained
from
many
sources,
including
federal
and
state
agencies,
private
research
organizations,
and
professional
associations.
The
data
were
collected
using
many
research
methods,
including
surveys
of
a
universe
(
such
as
all
colleges)
or
of
a
sample,
compilations
of
administrative
records,
and
statistical
projections.
Digest
users
should
take
particular
care
when
comparing
data
from
different
sources.
Differences
in
procedures,
timing,
phrasing
of
questions
interviewer
training,
and
so
forth
mean
that
the
results
from
the
different
sources
may
not
be
strictly
comparable.
Following
the
general
discussion
of
data
accuracy
below,
descriptions
of
the
information
sources
and
data
collection
methods
are
presented,
grouped
by
sponsoring
organization.
More
extensive
documentation
of
a
particular
survey's
procedures
does
not
imply
more
problems
with
the
data,
only
that
more
information
is
available.

Accuracy
of
Data
The
accuracy
of
any
statistic
is
determined
by
the
joint
effects
of
``
sampling''
and
``
nonsampling''
errors.
Estimates
based
on
a
sample
will
differ
somewhat
from
the
figures
that
would
have
been
obtained
if
a
complete
census
had
been
taken
using
the
same
survey
instruments,
instructions,
and
procedures.
In
addition
to
such
sampling
errors,
all
surveys,
both
universe
and
sample,
are
subject
to
design,
reporting
and
processing
errors
and
errors
due
to
nonresponse
To
the
extent
possible,
these
nonsampling
errors
are
kept
to
a
minimum
by
methods
built
into
the
survey
procedures.
In
general,
however,
the
effects
of
nonsampling
errors
are
more
difficult
to
gauge
than
those
produced
by
sampling
variability.

Sampling
Errors
The
samples
used
in
surveys
are
selected
from
a
large
number
of
possible
samples
of
the
same
size
that
could
have
been
selected
using
the
same
sample
design.
Estimates
derived
from
the
different
samples
would
differ
from
each
other.
The
difference
between
a
sample
estimate
and
the
average
of
all
possible
samples
is
called
the
sampling
deviation.
The
standard
or
sampling
error
of
a
survey
estimate
is
a
measure
of
the
variation
among
the
estimates
from
all
possible
samples
and,
thus,
is
a
measure
of
the
precision
with
which
an
estimate
from
a
particular
sample
approximates
the
average
result
of
all
possible
samples.
The
sample
estimate
and
an
estimate
of
its
standard
error
permit
us
to
construct
interval
estimates
with
prescribed
confidence
that
the
interval
includes
the
average
result
of
all
possible
samples.
If
all
possible
samples
were
selected
under
essentially
the
same
conditions
and
an
estimate
and
its
estimated
standard
error
were
calculated
from
each
sample,
then:
(
1)
approximately
2/
3
of
the
intervals
from
one
standard
error
below
the
estimate
to
one
standard
error
above
the
estimate
would
include
the
average
value
of
all
possible
samples;
and
(
2)
approximately
19/
20
of
the
intervals
from
two
standard
errors
below
the
estimate
to
two
standard
errors
above
the
estimate
would
include
the
average
value
of
all
possible
samples.
We
call
an
interval
from
two
standard
errors
below
the
estimate
to
two
standard
errors
above
the
estimate
a
95
percent
confidence
interval.
To
illustrate
this
concept,
consider
the
data
and
standard
errors
appearing
on
table
105.
For
the
1997
estimate
that
11.0
percent
of
16­
to
24­
year­
olds
were
high
school
dropouts,
the
table
shows
that
the
standard
error
is
.3
percent.
Therefore,
we
can
create
a
95
percent
confidence
interval
which
is
approximately
10.4
to
11.6
(
11.0
percent
+
2
times
.3
percent
Analysis
of
standard
errors
can
help
assess
how
valid
a
comparison
between
two
estimates
might
be.
The
standard
error
of
a
difference
between
two
independent
sample
estimates
is
equal
to
the
square
root
of
the
sum
of
the
squared
standard
errors
of
the
estimates.
The
standard
error
(
se)
of
the
difference
between
independent
sample
estimates
``
a''
and
``
b''
is:

sea,
b
=
(
sea
2+
seb
2)
1/
2
It
should
be
noted
that
most
of
the
standard
error
estimates
presented
in
subsequent
sections
and
in
the
original
documents
are
approximations.
That
is,
to
derive
estimates
of
standard
errors
that
would
be
applicable
to
a
wide
variety
of
items
and
could
be
prepared
at
a
moderate
cost,
a
number
of
approxi­
488
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
mations
were
required.
As
a
result,
the
standard
error
estimates
provide
a
general
order
of
magnitude
rather
than
the
exact
standard
error
for
any
specific
item.
The
preceding
discussion
on
sampling
variability
was
directed
toward
a
situation
concerning
one
or
two
estimates.
Determining
the
accuracy
of
statistical
projections
is
more
difficult.
In
general,
the
further
away
the
projection
date
is
from
the
date
of
the
actual
data
being
used
for
the
projection,
the
greater
the
probable
error
in
the
projections.
If,
for
instance,
annual
data
from
1970
to
1996
are
being
used
to
project
enrollment
in
institutions
of
higher
education,
the
further
beyond
1996
one
projects,
the
more
variability
in
the
projection.
One
will
be
less
sure
of
the
2008
enrollment
projection
than
of
the
2000
projection
A
detailed
discussion
of
the
projections
methodology
is
contained
in
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
to
2008
(
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
1998).

Nonsampling
Errors
Universe
and
sample
surveys
are
subject
to
nonsampling
errors.
Nonsampling
errors
may
arise
when
respondents
or
interviewers
interpret
questions
differently
when
respondents
must
estimate
values,
or
when
coders,
keyers,
and
other
processors
handle
answers
differently,
when
persons
who
should
be
included
in
the
universe
are
not,
or
when
persons
fail
to
respond
(
completely
or
partially).
Nonsampling
errors
usually,
but
not
always,
result
in
an
understatement
of
total
survey
error
and
thus
an
overstatement
of
the
precision
of
survey
estimates.
Since
estimating
the
magnitude
of
nonsampling
errors
often
would
require
special
experiments
or
access
to
independent
data,
these
nonsampling
errors
are
seldom
available.
To
compensate
for
nonresponse,
adjustments
of
the
sample
estimates
are
often
made.
An
adjustment
made
for
either
type
of
nonresponse,
total
or
partial,
is
often
referred
to
as
an
imputation,
which
is
often
a
substitution
of
the
``
average''
questionnaire
response
for
the
nonresponse.
Imputations
are
usually
made
separately
within
various
groups
of
sample
members
which
have
similar
survey
characteristics.
Imputation
for
item
nonresponse
is
usually
made
by
substituting
for
a
missing
item
the
response
to
that
item
of
a
respondent
having
characteristics
that
are
similar
to
those
of
the
nonrespondent.
Although
the
magnitude
of
nonsampling
error
in
the
data
compiled
in
this
Digest
is
frequently
unknown
idiosyncrasies
that
have
been
identified
are
noted
on
the
appropriate
tables.
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES)

Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study
The
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study
(
B&
B)
is
based
on
the
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study
(
NPSAS)
and
provides
information
concerning
education
and
work
experience
after
completing
the
bachelor's
degree.
B&
B
provides
cross­
sectional
information
1
year
after
bachelor's
degree
completion
(
comparable
to
the
Recent
College
Graduates
study),
while
at
the
same
time
providing
longitudinal
data
concerning
entry
into
and
progress
through
graduate
level
education
and
the
workforce.
It
also
provides
information
on
entry
into,
persistence
and
progress
through,
and
completion
of
graduate
level
education
 
information
not
available
through
follow­
ups
involving
high
school
cohorts
or
even
college
entry
cohorts,
both
of
which
are
restricted
in
the
number
who
actually
complete
a
bachelor's
degree
and
continue
their
education.
B&
B
will
follow
NPSAS
baccalaureate
degree
completers
for
a
12­
year
period
after
completion,
beginning
with
NPSAS:
93.
About
11,000
students
who
completed
their
degrees
in
the
1992
 
93
academic
year
were
included
in
the
first
B&
B
(
B&
B:
93/
94).
In
addition
to
the
student
data,
B&
B
collected
postsecondary
transcripts
covering
the
undergraduate
period
providing
complete
information
on
progress
and
persistence
at
both
the
undergraduate
and
graduate
levels.
New
B&
B
cohorts
will
alternate
with
BPS
in
using
NPSAS
as
their
base.
For
additional
information
about
B&
B
contact:

Paula
R.
Knepper
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Paula
l
Knepper@
ed.
gov
Beginning
Postsecondary
Student
Longitudinal
Study
The
Beginning
Postsecondary
Student
Longitudinal
Study
(
BPS)
provides
information
on
persistence,
progress,
and
attainment
from
initial
time
of
entry
into
postsecondary
education
through
leaving
and
entering
the
workforce.
BPS
includes
traditional
and
nontraditional
(
e.
g.,
older)
students
and
is
representative
of
all
beginning
students
in
postsecondary
education.
BPS
follows
first­
time,
beginning
students
for
at
least
489
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
5
years
at
approximately
2­
year
intervals,
collecting
student
data,
and
financial
aid
reports.
By
starting
with
a
cohort
that
has
already
entered
postsecondary
education,
and
following
it
for
5
years,
BPS
will
be
able
to
determine
to
what
extent
students
who
start
postsecondary
education
at
various
ages
differ
in
their
progress,
persistence,
and
attainment.
The
first
BPS
study
was
conducted
in
1989
 
90,
with
follow
up
surveys
in
1992
and
1994.
The
second
BPS
cohort
of
students
began
with
a
survey
in
1995
 
96
and
a
follow­
up
in
1998.
Further
information
on
the
Beginning
Postsecondary
Student
Longitudinal
Study
may
be
obtained
from:

Aurora
M.
D'Amico
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Aurora
l
D'Amico@
ed.
gov
Common
Core
of
Data
NCES
uses
the
Common
Core
of
Data
(
CCD)
survey
to
acquire
and
maintain
statistical
data
from
each
of
the
50
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
the
outlying
areas.
Information
about
staff
and
students
is
collected
annually
at
the
school,
LEA
(
local
education
agency
or
school
district),
and
state
levels.
Information
about
revenues
and
expenditures
is
also
collected
at
the
state
and
LEA
levels.
Data
are
collected
for
a
particular
school
year
(
July
1
through
June
30)
via
survey
instruments
sent
to
the
state
education
agencies
during
the
subsequent
school
year.
States
have
1
year
in
which
to
modify
the
data
originally
submitted.
Since
the
CCD
is
a
universe
survey,
the
CCD
information
presented
in
this
edition
of
the
Digest
is
not
subject
to
sampling
errors.
However,
nonsampling
errors
could
come
from
two
sources
 
nonreturn
and
inaccurate
reporting.
Almost
all
of
the
states
submit
the
six
CCD
survey
instruments
each
year,
but
submissions
are
sometimes
incomplete
or
too
late
for
publication.
Understandably,
when
57
education
agencies
compile
and
submit
data
for
approximately
88,000
public
schools
and
16,000
local
school
districts,
misreporting
can
occur.
Typically,
this
results
from
varying
interpretation
of
NCES
definitions
and
differing
recordkeeping
systems.
NCES
attempts
to
minimize
these
errors
by
working
closely
with
the
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers
(
CCSSO)
and
its
Committee
on
Evaluation
and
Information
Systems
(
CEIS).
The
state
education
agencies
report
data
to
NCES
from
data
collected
and
edited
in
their
regular
reporting
cycles.
NCES
encourages
the
agencies
to
incorporate
into
their
own
survey
systems
the
NCES
items
they
do
not
already
collect
so
that
those
items
will
also
be
available
for
the
subsequent
CCD
survey
Over
time,
this
has
meant
fewer
missing
data
cells
in
each
state's
response,
reducing
the
need
to
impute
data.
NCES
subjects
data
from
the
education
agencies
to
a
comprehensive
edit.
Where
data
are
determined
to
be
inconsistent,
missing,
or
out
of
range,
NCES
contacts
the
education
agencies
for
verification.
NCES­
prepared
state
summary
forms
are
returned
to
the
state
education
agencies
for
verification.
States
are
also
given
an
opportunity
to
revise
their
statelevel
aggregates
from
the
previous
survey
cycle.
Questions
concerning
the
Common
Core
of
Data
can
be
directed
to:

John
Sietsema
Elementary/
Secondary
and
Libraries
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
John
l
Sietsema@
ed.
gov
Federal
Support
for
Education
NCES
prepares
an
annual
compilation
of
federal
funds
for
education.
Data
for
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
programs
come
from
the
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government.
Budget
offices
of
other
federal
agencies
provide
information
for
all
other
federal
program
support
except
for
research
funds,
which
are
obligations
reported
by
the
National
Science
Foundation
in
Federal
Funds
for
Research
and
Development.
Some
data
are
estimated,
based
on
reports
from
the
federal
agencies
contacted
and
the
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government.
Except
for
money
spent
on
research,
outlays
were
used
to
report
program
funds
to
the
extent
possible.
Some
tables
are
obligations
as
noted
in
the
title
of
the
table.
Some
federal
program
funds
not
commonly
recognized
as
education
assistance
are
also
included
in
the
totals
reported.
For
example,
portions
of
federal
funds
paid
to
some
states
and
counties
as
shared
revenues
resulting
from
the
sale
of
timber
and
minerals
from
public
lands
have
been
estimated
as
funds
used
for
education
purposes.
Parts
of
the
funds
received
by
states
(
in
1980)
and
localities
(
throughout
the
period)
under
the
General
Revenue
Sharing
Program
are
also
included,
as
are
portions
of
federal
funds
received
by
the
District
of
Columbia.
The
share
of
these
funds
allocated
to
education
was
assumed
to
be
equal
to
the
share
of
general
funds
expended
for
elementary
and
secondary
education
by
states
and
localities
in
the
same
year
as
reported
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
in
its
annual
publication
Governmental
Finances.
490
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
All
state
intergovernmental
expenditures
for
education
were
assumed
earmarked
for
elementary/
secondary
education.
Contributions
of
parent
governments
of
dependent
school
systems
to
their
public
schools
amounted
to
approximately
9
percent
of
local
government
revenues
and
local
government
revenue
sharing
in
each
year.
Therefore,
9
percent
of
local
government
revenue­
sharing
funds
were
assumed
allocated
each
fiscal
year
to
elementary
and
secondary
education.
Parent
government
contributions
to
public
school
systems
were
obtained
from
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Finances
of
Public
School
Systems.
The
amount
of
state
revenue­
sharing
funds
allocated
for
postsecondary
education
in
1980
was
assumed
to
be
13
percent,
the
proportion
of
direct
state
expenditures
for
institutions
of
higher
education
reported
in
Governmental
Finances
for
that
year.
The
share
of
federal
funds
for
the
District
of
Columbia
assigned
to
education
was
assumed
to
be
equal
to
the
share
of
the
city's
general
fund
expenditures
for
each
level
of
education.
For
the
job
training
programs
conducted
by
the
Department
of
Labor,
only
estimated
sums
spent
on
classroom
training
have
been
reported
as
educational
program
support.
During
the
1970s,
The
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
(
OMB)
prepared
annual
reports
on
federal
education
program
support.
These
were
published
in
the
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government
[
Special
Analyses].
The
information
presented
in
this
report
is
not,
however,
a
continuation
of
the
OMB
series.
A
number
of
differences
in
the
two
series
should
be
noted.
OMB
required
all
federal
agencies
to
report
outlays
for
education­
related
programs
using
a
standardized
form,
thereby
assuring
agency
compliance
in
reporting.
The
scope
of
education
programs
reported
here
differs
from
OMB.
Off­
budget
items
such
as
the
annual
volume
of
guaranteed
student
loans
were
not
included
in
OMB's
reports.
Finally,
while
some
mention
is
made
of
an
annual
estimate
of
federal
tax
expenditures
OMB
did
not
include
them
in
its
annual
analysis
of
federal
education
support.
Estimated
federal
tax
expenditures
for
education
are
the
difference
between
current
federal
tax
receipts
and
what
these
receipts
would
be
without
existing
education
deductions
to
income
allowed
by
federal
tax
provisions.
Recipients'
data
are
estimated
based
on
Estimating
Federal
Funds
for
Education:
A
New
Approach
Applied
to
Fiscal
Year
1980,
``
Federal
Support
for
Education,
Fiscal
Years
1980
to
1984,''
and
Catalog
of
Federal
Domestic
Assistance.
The
recipients'
data
are
estimated
and
tend
to
undercount
institutions
of
higher
education
(
IHEs),
students,
and
local
education
agencies
(
LEAs).
This
is
because
some
of
the
federal
programs
have
more
than
one
recipient
receiving
funds.
In
these
cases,
the
recipients
were
put
into
a
``
mixed
recipients''
category,
because
there
was
no
way
to
disaggregate
the
amount
each
recipient
received.
Further
information
on
federal
support
for
education
may
be
obtained
from:

Charlene
Hoffman
Early
Childhood,
International
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Ave
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Charlene
l
Hoffman@
ed.
gov
High
School
and
Beyond
High
School
and
Beyond
(
HS&
B)
is
a
national
longitudinal
survey
of
1980
high
school
sophomores
and
seniors.
The
base­
year
survey
was
a
probability
sample
of
1,015
high
schools
with
a
target
number
of
36
sophomores
and
36
seniors
in
each
of
the
schools.
A
total
of
58,270
students
participated
in
the
base­
year
survey.
Substitutions
were
made
for
noncooperating
schools
 
but
not
for
students
 
in
those
strata
where
it
was
possible.
Overall,
1,122
schools
were
selected
in
the
original
sample
and
811
of
these
schools
participated
in
the
survey.
An
additional
204
schools
were
drawn
in
a
replacement
sample.
Student
refusals
and
absences
resulted
in
an
82
percent
completion
rate
for
the
survey.
Several
small
groups
in
the
population
were
oversampled
to
allow
for
special
study
of
certain
types
of
schools
and
students.
Students
completed
questionnaires
and
took
a
battery
of
cognitive
tests.
In
addition
a
sample
of
parents
of
sophomores
and
seniors
(
about
3,600
for
each
cohort)
was
surveyed.
HS&
B
first
follow­
up
activities
took
place
in
the
spring
of
1982.
The
sample
design
of
the
first
followup
survey
called
for
the
selection
of
approximately
30,000
persons
who
were
sophomores
in
1980.
The
completion
rate
for
sophomores
eligible
for
on­
campus
survey
administration
was
about
96
percent.
About
89
percent
of
the
students
who
left
school
between
the
base
year
and
first
follow­
up
surveys
(
dropouts,
transfer
students,
and
early
graduates)
completed
the
first
follow­
up
sophomore
questionnaire
As
part
of
the
first
follow­
up
survey
of
HS&
B,
transcripts
were
requested
in
fall
1982
for
an
18,152
member
subsample
of
the
sophomore
cohort.
Of
the
15,941
transcripts
actually
obtained,
1,969
were
excluded
because
the
students
had
dropped
out
of
school
before
graduation,
799
were
excluded
because
they
were
incomplete,
and
1,057
were
excluded
because
the
student
graduated
before
1982
or
the
transcript
indicated
neither
a
dropout
status
nor
graduation.
Thus
12,116
transcripts
were
utilized
for
the
overall
curriculum
analysis
presented
in
this
publication.
All
courses
in
each
transcript
were
as­
491
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
signed
a
six­
digit
code
based
on
A
Classification
of
Secondary
School
Courses
(
developed
by
Evaluation
Technologies,
Inc.
under
contract
with
NCES).
Credits
earned
in
each
course
were
expressed
in
Carnegie
units.
(
The
Carnegie
unit
is
a
standard
of
measurement
that
represents
one
credit
for
the
completion
of
a
1­
year
course.
To
receive
credit
for
a
course,
the
student
must
have
received
a
passing
grade
 
`
`
pass,''
``
D,''
or
higher.)
Students
who
transferred
from
public
to
private
schools
or
from
private
to
public
schools
between
their
sophomore
and
senior
years
were
eliminated
from
public/
private
analyses.
In
designing
the
senior
cohort
first
follow­
up
survey
one
of
the
goals
was
to
reduce
the
size
of
the
retained
sample,
while
still
keeping
sufficient
numbers
of
minorities
to
allow
important
policy
analyses.
A
total
of
11,227
(
94
percent)
of
the
11,995
persons
subsampled
completed
the
questionnaire.
Information
was
obtained
about
the
respondents'
school
and
employment
experiences,
family
status,
and
attitudes
and
plans.
The
sample
for
the
second
follow­
up,
which
took
place
in
spring
1984,
consisted
of
about
12,000
members
of
the
senior
cohort
and
about
15,000
members
of
the
sophomore
cohort.
The
completion
rate
for
the
senior
cohort
was
91
percent,
and
the
completion
rate
for
the
sophomore
cohort
was
92
percent.
HS&
B
third
follow­
up
data
collection
activities
were
performed
in
spring
of
1986.
Both
the
sophomore
and
senior
cohort
samples
for
this
round
of
data
collection
were
the
same
as
those
used
for
the
second
follow­
up
survey.
The
completion
rates
for
the
sophomore
and
senior
cohort
samples
were
91
percent
and
88
percent,
respectively.
Table
A1
contains
the
maximum
number
of
cases
that
are
available
for
the
tabulations
of
the
specific
classification
variables
used
throughout
this
publication
The
standard
error
(
se)
of
an
individual
percentage
(
p)
based
on
HS&
B
data
can
be
approximated
by
the
formula
sep
=
DEFT
[
p(
100
 
p)/
n]
1/
2
where
n
is
the
sample
size
and
DEFT,
the
square
root
of
the
design
effect,
is
a
factor
used
to
adjust
for
the
particular
sample
design
used
in
HS&
B.
Table
A2
provides
the
DEFT
factors
for
different
HS&
B
samples
and
subsamples.

In
evaluating
a
difference
between
two
independent
percentages,
the
standard
error
of
the
difference
may
be
conservatively
approximated
by
taking
the
square
root
of
the
sum
of
the
squared
standard
errors
of
the
two
percentages.
For
example,
in
the
1986
follow­
up
of
1980
sophomores,
84.0
percent
of
the
men
and
77.2
percent
of
the
women
felt
that
being
successful
in
work
was
``
very
important,''
a
difference
of
6.8
percentage
points.
Using
the
formula
and
the
sample
sizes
from
table
A1
and
the
DEFT
factors
from
table
A2,
the
standard
errors
of
the
two
percentages
being
compared
are
calculated
to
be:

1.43[(
84.0)(
16.0)/(
5,391)]
1/
2
=
.714
1.43[(
77.2)(
22.8)/(
5,857)]
1/
2
=
.784
The
standard
error
of
the
difference
is
therefore
(.
7142
+
.7842)
1/
2
=
(.
510
+
.615)
1/
2
=
1.06
The
sampling
error
(
95
chances
in
100)
of
the
difference
is
approximately
double
the
standard
error,
or
approximately
2.1
percentage
points,
and
the
95
percent
confidence
interval
for
the
difference
is
6.8
±
2.1,
or
4.7
to
8.9
percentage
points.
The
standard
error
estimation
procedure
outlined
above
does
not
compensate
for
survey
item
nonresponse
which
is
a
source
of
nonsampling
error.
(
Table
A1
reflects
the
maximum
number
of
responses
that
could
be
tabulated
by
demographic
characteristics.)
For
example,
of
the
10,925
respondents
in
the
1984
follow­
up
survey
of
1980
high
school
graduates,
372,
or
3.4
percent,
did
not
respond
to
the
particular
question
on
whether
they
had
ever
used
a
pocket
calculator.
Item
nonresponse
varied
considerably.
A
very
low
nonresponse
rate
of
0.1
percent
was
obtained
for
a
question
asking
whether
the
respondent
had
attended
a
postsecondary
institution
A
much
higher
item
nonresponse
rate
of
12.2
percent
was
obtained
for
a
question
asking
if
the
respondent
had
used
a
micro
or
minicomputer
in
high
school.
Typical
item
nonresponse
rates
ranged
from
3
to
4
percent.
The
Hispanic
analyses
presented
in
this
report
relied
on
students'
self­
identification
as
members
of
one
of
four
Hispanic
subgroups:
Mexican,
Mexican­
American,
Chicano;
Cuban;
Puerto­
Rican,
Puertorriqueno,
or
Boricua;
or
other
Latin
American,
Latino,
Hispanic,
or
Spanish
descent.
An
NCES
series
of
technical
reports
and
data
file
users
manuals,
available
electronically,
provides
additional
information
on
the
survey
methodology.
Further
information
on
the
High
School
and
Beyond
survey
may
be
obtained
from:

Aurora
M.
D'Amico
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Aurora
l
D'Amico@
ed.
gov
492
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
High
School
Transcript
Study
Tabulations
The
two
most
recent
transcript
studies
in
1990
and
in
1994
were
based
on
surveys
conducted
as
part
of
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress.
The
1990
study
involved
analysis
of
transcripts
of
approximately
21,500
1990
high
school
graduates
from
330
schools.
The
1994
study
involved
about
25,000
graduates.
Approximately
21,500
1990
graduates
were
selected
for
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP)
transcript
study
in
1990.
The
study
collected
information
such
as
course
lists,
graduation
requirements,
and
the
definition
of
units
of
credit
and
grades,
on
a
school­
level
basis.
Similar
studies
were
conducted
of
course­
taking
patterns
of
1987
and
1982
graduates.
The
1987
data
are
based
on
approximately
22,799
transcripts
from
433
schools
obtained
as
part
of
the
1987
High
School
Transcript
Study.
The
1982
data
are
based
on
approximately
12,000
transcripts
collected
by
the
High
School
and
Beyond
Project.
Because
the
1982
High
School
and
Beyond
study
used
a
different
method
for
identifying
handicapped
students
than
did
the
1987
and
1990
transcript
studies
and
in
order
to
make
the
statistical
summaries
as
comparable
as
possible,
all
the
counts
and
percentages
in
this
report
are
restricted
to
students
whose
records
indicate
that
they
had
not
participated
in
a
special
education
program.
This
restriction
lowers
the
number
of
1990
graduates
represented
in
the
tables
to
20,866.
Further
information
can
be
obtained
from:

Janis
Brown
Assessment
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5653
Janis
l
Brown@
ed.
gov
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
The
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS)
surveys
approximately
10,000
postsecondary
institutions,
including
universities
and
colleges
as
well
as
institutions
offering
technical
and
vocational
education
beyond
the
high
school
level.
This
survey,
which
began
in
1986,
replaced
the
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey
(
HEGIS).
IPEDS
consists
of
eight
integrated
components
that
obtain
information
on
who
provides
postsecondary
education
(
institutions),
who
participates
in
it
and
completes
it
(
students),
what
programs
are
offered
and
what
programs
are
completed,
and
both
the
human
and
financial
resources
involved
in
the
provision
of
institutionally
based
postsecondary
education.
Specifically,
these
components
include:
Institutional
Characteristics,
including
instructional
activity;
Fall
Enrollment,
including
age
and
residence;
Enrollment
in
Occupationally
Specific
Programs;
Completions;
Finance;
Staff;
Salaries
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty;
and
Academic
Libraries.
The
higher
education
portion
of
this
survey
is
a
census
of
accredited
2­
and
4­
year
colleges.
Prior
to
1993,
data
from
the
technical
and
vocational
institutions
were
collected
through
a
sample
survey.
Beginning
in
1993,
all
data
are
gathered
in
a
census
of
all
postsecondary
institutions.
The
tabulations
on
``
Institutional
Characteristics''
developed
for
this
edition
of
the
Digest
are
based
on
lists
of
all
institutions
and
are
not
subject
to
sampling
errors.
Recently
the
definition
of
institutions
to
be
counted
under
the
higher
education
category
has
been
modified
The
older
standard
for
higher
education
included
those
institutions
that
had
courses
leading
to
an
associate
degree
or
higher,
or
were
accepted
for
credit
toward
those
degrees.
Tables
that
use
this
standard
are
labeled
``
higher
education''
in
the
Digest
The
newer
category
includes
institutions
which
award
associate
or
higher
level
degrees
that
are
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs
These
tables
or
columns
are
labeled
as
``
degree
granting''
institutions.
The
impact
of
this
change
has
generally
not
been
large.
For
example,
tables
on
faculty
salaries
and
benefits
were
only
affected
to
a
very
small
extent.
Also,
degrees
awarded
at
the
bachelor's
level
or
higher
were
not
heavily
affected.
The
largest
impact
has
been
on
private
2­
year
college
enrollment.
In
contrast,
most
of
the
data
on
public
4­
year
colleges
has
been
affected
only
to
a
minimal
extent.
The
impact
on
enrollment
in
public
2­
year
colleges
was
noticeable
in
certain
states,
but
relatively
small
at
the
national
level.
Overall,
enrollment
for
all
institutions
was
about
0.5
or
one­
half
a
percent
higher
for
degree­
granting
institutions
compared
to
the
total
for
higher
education
institutions.
Prior
to
the
establishment
of
IPEDS
in
1986,
HEGIS
acquired
and
maintained
statistical
data
on
the
characteristics
and
operations
of
institutions
of
higher
education.
Implemented
in
1966,
HEGIS
was
an
annual
universe
survey
of
institutions
accredited
at
the
college
level
by
an
agency
recognized
by
the
Secretary
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education.
These
institutions
were
listed
in
NCES's
Education
Directory,
Colleges
and
Universities.
Most
trend
tables
presented
in
this
report
draw
on
HEGIS
surveys
which
solicited
information
concerning
institutional
characteristics,
faculty
salaries,
finances
enrollment,
and
degrees.
Since
these
surveys
were
distributed
to
all
higher
education
institutions
the
data
presented
are
not
subject
to
sampling
error.
However,
they
are
subject
to
nonsampling
error,
the
sources
of
which
varied
with
the
survey
instrument
Information
concerning
the
nonsampling
error
of
the
enrollment
and
degrees
surveys
draws
493
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
extensively
on
the
``
HEGIS
Post­
Survey
Validation
Study''
conducted
in
1979.
Further
information
on
IPEDS
may
be
obtained
from:

Susan
Broyles
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Susan
l
Broyles@
ed.
gov
Institutional
Characteristics
This
survey
provides
the
basis
for
the
universe
of
institutions
presented
in
the
Directory
of
Postsecondary
Institutions.
The
universe
comprises
institutions
that
met
certain
accreditation
criteria
and
offered
at
least
a
1­
year
program
of
college­
level
studies
leading
toward
a
degree.
All
of
these
institutions
were
certified
as
eligible
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education's
Division
of
Eligibility
and
Agency
Evaluation.
The
survey
collects
basic
information
necessary
to
classify
the
institutions
including
control,
level,
and
kinds
of
programs;
information
on
tuition,
fees,
and
room
and
board
charges;
and
unduplicated
full­
year
enrollment
counts
and
instructional
activity.

Fall
Enrollment
This
survey
has
been
part
of
the
HEGIS
and
IPEDS
series
since
1966.
The
enrollment
survey
response
rate
is
relatively
high;
the
1996
response
rate
was
96
percent
for
degree­
granting
institutions,
or
95
percent
overall.
Major
sources
of
nonsampling
error
for
this
survey
as
identified
in
the
1979
report
were
classification
problems,
the
unavailability
of
needed
data,
interpretation
of
definitions,
the
survey
due
date,
and
operational
errors.
Of
these,
the
classification
of
students
appears
to
have
been
the
main
source
of
error.
Institutions
had
problems
in
correctly
classifying
first­
time
freshmen
and
other
first­
time
students
for
both
full­
time
and
part­
time
categories.
These
problems
occurred
most
often
at
2­
year
institutions
(
private
and
public)
and
private
4­
year
institutions
In
the
1977
 
78
HEGIS
validation
studies,
the
classification
problem
led
to
an
estimated
overcount
of
11,000
full­
time
students
and
an
undercount
of
19,000
part­
time
students.
Although
the
ratio
of
error
to
the
grand
total
was
quite
small
(
less
than
1
percent
the
percentage
of
errors
was
as
high
as
5
percent
for
detailed
student
levels
and
even
higher
at
certain
aggregation
levels.
Beginning
with
fall
1986,
the
survey
system
was
redesigned
with
the
introduction
of
the
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
(
IPEDS)
(
see
above).
The
IPEDS
system
comprises
all
postsecondary
institutions,
but
also
maintains
comparability
with
earlier
surveys
by
allowing
HEGIS
institutions
to
be
tabulated
separately.
The
survey
allows
(
in
alternating
years)
for
the
collection
of
age
and
residence
data.

Salaries,
Tenure,
and
Fringe
Benefits
of
Full­
Time
Instructional
Faculty
This
institutional
survey
has
been
conducted
for
most
years
from
1966
 
67
to
1987
 
88,
and
annually
since
1989
 
90.
Although
the
survey
form
changed
a
number
of
times
during
those
years,
only
comparable
data
are
presented
in
this
report.
Between
1966
 
67
and
1985
 
86
this
survey
differed
from
other
HEGIS
surveys
in
that
imputations
were
not
made
for
nonrespondents.
Thus,
there
is
some
possibility
that
the
salary
averages
presented
in
this
report
may
differ
from
the
results
of
a
complete
enumeration
of
all
colleges
and
universities.
Beginning
with
the
surveys
for
1987
 
88,
the
IPEDS
data
tabulation
procedures
included
imputations
for
survey
nonrespondents.
The
response
rate
for
the
1996
 
97
survey
was
92
percent
for
degree­
granting
institutions.
Because
of
the
higher
response
rate
for
public
colleges,
it
is
probable
that
the
public
colleges'
salary
data
are
more
accurate
than
the
data
for
private
colleges.
Although
data
from
these
surveys
are
not
subject
to
sampling
error,
sources
of
nonsampling
error
may
include
computational
errors
and
misclassification
in
reporting
and
processing.
NCES
reviews
individual
colleges'
data
for
internal
and
longitudinal
consistency
and
contacts
the
colleges
to
check
inconsistent
data.

Completions
This
survey
was
part
of
the
HEGIS
series
throughout
its
existence.
However,
the
degree
classification
taxonomy
was
revised
in
1970
 
71,
1982
 
83,
and
1991
 
92.
Collection
of
degree
data
has
been
maintained
through
the
IPEDS
system.
Though
information
from
survey
years
1970
 
71
through
1981
 
82
is
directly
comparable,
care
must
be
taken
if
information
before
or
after
that
period
is
included
in
any
comparison.
Degrees­
conferred
trend
tables
arranged
by
the
1991
 
92
classification
are
included
in
the
Digest
to
provide
consistent
data
from
1970
 
71
to
1995
 
96.
Data
in
this
edition
on
associate
and
other
formal
awards
below
the
baccalaureate
by
field
of
study,
cannot
be
made
comparable
with
figures
prior
to
1982
 
83.
The
nonresponse
rate
did
not
appear
to
be
a
significant
source
of
nonsampling
error
for
this
survey.
The
return
rate
over
the
years
has
been
high,
with
the
degree
granting
institutions
response
rate
for
the
1995
 
96
survey
at
98
percent.
The
overall
response
rate
including
the
noncollegiate
institutions
was
88
percent
in
1994
 
95.
Because
of
the
high
return
rate
for
the
institutions
of
higher
education,
nonsampling
error
caused
by
imputation
is
also
minimal.
494
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
The
major
sources
of
nonsampling
error
for
this
survey
were
differences
between
the
NCES
program
taxonomy
and
taxonomies
used
by
the
colleges,
classification
of
double
majors,
operational
problems,
and
survey
timing.
In
the
1979
HEGIS
validation
study,
these
sources
of
nonsampling
contributed
to
an
error
rate
of
0.3
percent
overreporting
of
bachelor's
degrees
and
1.3
percent
overreporting
of
master's
degrees.
The
differences,
however,
varied
greatly
among
fields.
Over
50
percent
of
the
fields
selected
for
the
validation
study
had
no
errors
identified
Categories
of
fields
that
had
large
differences
were
business
and
management,
education,
engineering
letters,
and
psychology.
It
was
also
shown
that
differences
in
proportion
to
the
published
figures
were
less
than
1
percent
for
most
of
the
selected
fields
that
had
some
errors.
Exceptions
to
these
were:
master's
and
Ph.
D.
programs
in
labor
and
industrial
relations
(
20
percent
and
8
percent);
bachelor's
and
master's
programs
in
art
education
(
3
percent
and
4
percent);
bachelor's
and
Ph.
D.
programs
in
business
and
commerce,
and
in
distributive
education
(
5
percent
and
9
percent);
master's
programs
in
philosophy
(
8
percent);
and
Ph.
D.
programs
in
psychology
(
11
percent).

Financial
Statistics
This
survey
was
part
of
the
HEGIS
series
and
has
been
continued
under
the
IPEDS
system.
Changes
were
made
in
the
financial
survey
instruments
in
fiscal
years
(
FY)
1976,
1982,
and
1987.
The
FY
76
survey
instrument
contained
numerous
revisions
to
earlier
survey
forms
and
made
direct
comparisons
of
line
items
very
difficult.
Beginning
in
FY
82,
Pell
Grant
data
were
collected
in
the
categories
of
federal
restricted
grants
and
contracts
revenues
and
restricted
scholarships
and
fellowships
expenditures.
The
introduction
of
IPEDS
in
the
FY
87
survey
included
several
important
changes
to
the
survey
instrument
and
data
processing
procedures.
While
these
changes
were
significant,
considerable
effort
has
been
made
to
present
only
comparable
information
on
trends
in
this
report
and
to
note
inconsistencies
Finance
tables
for
this
publication
have
been
adjusted
by
subtracting
the
largely
duplicative
Pell
Grant
amounts
from
the
later
data
to
maintain
comparability
with
pre­
FY
82
data.
Possible
sources
of
nonsampling
error
in
the
financial
statistics
include
nonresponse,
imputation,
and
misclassification.
The
response
rate
has
been
about
85
to
90
percent
for
most
of
the
years
reported.
The
response
rate
for
the
FY
1996
survey
was
94
percent
for
higher
education
institutions,
or
83
percent
overall.
Two
general
methods
of
imputation
were
used
in
HEGIS.
If
the
prior
year's
data
were
available
for
a
nonresponding
institution,
these
data
were
inflated
using
the
Higher
Education
Price
Index
and
adjusted
according
to
changes
in
enrollments.
If
no
previous
year's
data
were
available,
current
data
were
used
from
peer
institutions
selected
for
location
(
state
or
region),
control,
level,
and
enrollment
size
of
institution
In
most
cases
estimates
for
nonreporting
institutions
in
IPEDS
were
made
using
data
from
peer
institutions
Beginning
with
FY
87,
the
IPEDS
survey
system
included
all
postsecondary
institutions,
but
maintained
comparability
with
earlier
surveys
by
allowing
2­
and
4­
year
HEGIS
institutions
to
be
tabulated
separately
Unless
specified
otherwise,
the
finance
data
tabulated
for
this
publication
reflect
totals
for
the
HEGIS
or
higher
education
institutions
only.
For
FY
87
through
FY
91,
in
order
to
maintain
comparability
with
the
historical
time
series
of
HEGIS
institutions,
data
were
combined
from
two
of
the
three
different
survey
forms
that
make
up
the
IPEDS
survey
system
The
vast
majority
of
the
data
were
tabulated
from
Form
1,
which
was
used
to
collect
information
from
public
and
private
nonprofit
2­
and
4­
year
colleges
Form
2,
a
condensed
form,
was
used
to
gather
data
for
the
2­
year
proprietary
institutions.
Because
of
the
differences
in
the
data
requested
on
the
two
forms,
several
assumptions
were
made
about
the
Form
2
reports
so
that
their
figures
could
be
included
in
the
institutions
of
higher
education
totals.
In
IPEDS,
the
Form
2
institutions
were
not
asked
to
separate
appropriations
from
grants
and
contracts,
nor
state
from
local
sources
of
funding.
For
the
Form
2
institutions,
all
the
federal
revenues
were
assumed
to
be
federal
grants
and
contracts
and
all
of
the
state
and
local
revenues
were
assumed
to
be
restricted
state
grants
and
contracts.
All
other
Form
2
sources
of
revenue,
except
for
tuition
and
fees
and
sales
and
services
of
educational
activities,
were
included
under
``
other.''
Similar
adjustments
were
made
to
the
expenditure
accounts.
The
Form
2
institutions
reported
instruction
and
scholarship
and
fellowship
expenditures
only.
All
other
educational
and
general
expenditures
were
allocated
to
academic
support.
To
reduce
reporting
error,
NCES
uses
national
standards
for
reporting
finance
statistics.
These
standards
are
contained
in
College
and
University
Business
Administration:
Administrative
Services
(
1974
Edition),
and
the
Financial
Accounting
and
Reporting
Manual
for
Higher
Education
(
1990
Education
published
by
the
National
Association
of
College
and
University
Business
Officers;
Audits
of
Colleges
and
Universities
(
as
amended
August
31,
1974),
by
the
American
Institute
of
Certified
Public
Accountants;
and
HEGIS
Financial
Reporting
Guide
(
1980),
by
NCES.
Wherever
possible,
definitions
and
formats
in
the
survey
form
are
consistent
with
those
in
these
four
accounting
texts.
495
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Staff
The
fall
staff
data
presented
in
this
publication
were
collected
by
NCES,
through
the
IPEDS
system,
which
collected
data
from
postsecondary
institutions,
including
all
2­
and
4­
year
higher
education
institutions
The
NCES
collects
staff
data
biennially
in
odd
numbered
years
in
institutions
of
postsecondary
education
The
IPEDS
``
Fall
Staff''
questionnaires
were
mailed
out
by
NCES;
the
respondents
reported
the
number
of
employees
in
their
institutions
as
of
January
15,
1996.
The
``
Fall
Staff''
questionnaires
were
mailed
out
by
NCES
between
October
and
November
1995;
the
respondents
reported
the
employment
statistics
in
their
institution
that
cover
the
payroll
period
closest
to
October
1
of
the
survey
year.
The
``
Fall
Staff,
1995''
survey
had
an
overall
response
rate
of
87
percent.
The
response
rate
for
higher
education
institutions
was
94
percent.
Further
information
on
the
``
Fall
Staff''
survey
may
be
obtained
from:

Rosa
Fernandez
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Rosa
l
Fernandez@
ed.
gov
Library
Statistics
Program
Nationwide,
public
library
statistics
are
collected
using
the
Public
Libraries
Survey
and
disseminated
annually
through
the
Federal­
State
Cooperative
System
for
public
library
data
(
FSCS).
Descriptive
statistics
are
produced
for
nearly
9,000
public
libraries.
The
Public
Libraries
Survey
includes
information
about
staffing;
operating
income
and
expenditures;
type
of
governance;
type
of
administrative
structure;
size
of
collection;
and
service
measures
such
as
reference
transactions,
public
service
hours,
interlibrary
loans,
circulation,
and
library
visits.
In
FSCS,
respondents
supply
the
information
electronically,
and
data
are
edited
and
tabulated
in
machine­
readable
form.
The
respondents
are
8,921
public
libraries
identified
in
the
50
states
and
the
District
of
Columbia
by
state
library
agencies.
At
the
state
level,
FSCS
is
administered
by
State
Data
Coordinators,
appointed
by
the
Chief
Officer
of
each
State
Library
Agency.
The
State
Data
Coordinator
collects
the
requested
data
from
local
public
libraries
and
submits
these
data
to
NCES.
An
annual
training
conference
sponsored
by
NCES
is
provided
for
the
State
Data
Coordinators.
A
steering
committee
representing
State
Data
Coordinators
and
other
public
library
constituents
is
active
in
the
development
of
FSCS
data
elements
and
software
Technical
assistance
to
states
is
provided
by
phone
and
in
person
by
the
FSCS
steering
committee
and
by
NCES
staff
and
contractors.
All
50
states
and
the
District
of
Columbia
have
submitted
data
which
are
available
for
individual
public
libraries
and
are
also
aggregated
to
state
and
national
levels.
Since
1990,
data
have
been
collected
electronically
The
most
recent
software
is
called
DECPLUS.
It
includes
identifying
information
on
all
known
public
libraries
and
their
outlets,
some
state
libraries,
and
some
library
systems
and
cooperatives.
Beginning
in
1994,
this
resource
will
be
available
for
drawing
samples
for
special
surveys
on
such
topics
as
literacy,
access
for
the
disabled,
and
library
construction.
Under
the
Academic
Libraries
Survey
(
ALS),
NCES
surveyed
academic
libraries
on
a
3­
year
cycle
between
1966
and
1988.
Since
1988,
ALS
has
been
a
component
of
the
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
and
is
on
a
2­
year
cycle.
ALS
provides
data
on
about
3,500
academic
libraries.
In
aggregate,
these
data
provide
an
overview
of
the
status
of
academic
libraries
nationally
and
statewide.
The
survey
collects
data
on
the
libraries
in
the
entire
universe
of
accredited
higher
education
institutions
and
on
the
libraries
in
nonaccredited
institutions
with
a
program
of
4
years
or
more.
ALS
produces
descriptive
statistics
on
academic
libraries
in
postsecondary
institutions
in
the
50
states,
the
District
of
Columbia
and
the
outlying
areas.
The
School
Library
Statistics
Survey
collected
data
on
school
libraries/
media
centers
in
1990
 
91
and
1993
 
94.
This
survey
asked
questions
on
libraries
in
public
and
private
schools
as
part
of
the
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey
(
SASS).
These
questionnaires
were
revised
and
a
sample
survey
of
about
7,600
schools
was
conducted
during
school
year
1993
 
94.
The
library
components
of
the
1990
 
91
SASS
include:
number
of
students
served
and
number
of
professional
staff
and
aides;
at
the
district
level,
number
of
full­
time
equivalent
librarians/
media
specialists,
vacant
positions,
positions
abolished,
and
approved
positions
and
amount
of
librarian
input
in
establishing
curriculum.
The
1993
 
94
survey
was
much
more
extensive
and
added
questions
concerning
media
centers
and
collections
of
libraries.
Additional
information
on
these
academic
and
school
library
studies
is
available
from:

Jeff
Williams
Elementary/
Secondary
and
Library
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Jeffrey
l
Williams@
ed.
gov
National
Adult
Literacy
Survey
The
National
Adult
Literacy
Survey
was
created
as
a
new
measure
of
literacy
and
funded
by
the
Depart­
496
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
ment
of
Education
and
by
12
states.
It
is
the
third
and
largest
assessment
of
adult
literacy
funded
by
the
federal
government.
The
aim
of
the
survey
is
to
profile
the
English
literacy
of
adults
in
the
United
States
based
on
their
performance
across
a
wide
array
of
tasks
that
reflect
the
types
of
materials
and
demands
they
encounter
in
their
daily
lives.
To
gather
the
information
on
adults'
literacy
skills,
trained
staff
interviewed
nearly
13,600
individuals
aged
16
and
older
during
the
first
8
months
of
1992.
These
participants
had
been
randomly
selected
to
represent
the
adult
population
in
the
country
as
a
whole.
Black
and
Hispanic
households
were
oversampled
to
ensure
reliable
estimates
of
literacy
proficiencies
and
to
permit
analyses
of
the
performance
of
these
subpopulations.
In
addition,
some
1,100
inmates
from
80
federal
and
state
prisons
were
interviewed
to
gather
information
on
the
proficiencies
of
the
prison
population.
In
total,
over
26,000
adults
were
surveyed.
Each
survey
participant
was
asked
to
spend
approximately
an
hour
responding
to
a
series
of
diverse
literacy
tasks
as
well
as
questions
about
his
or
her
demographic
characteristics,
educational
background
reading
practices,
and
other
areas
related
to
literacy.
Based
on
their
responses
to
the
survey
tasks,
adults
received
proficiency
scores
along
three
scales
which
reflect
varying
degrees
of
skill
in
prose,
document
and
quantitative
literacy.
The
results
of
the
survey
were
published
in
a
report,
Adult
Literacy
in
America,
in
September
1993.
Further
information
on
the
National
Adult
Literacy
Survey
may
be
obtained
from:

Sheida
White
Assessment
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5653
Sheida
l
White@
ed.
gov
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
The
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP)
is
a
series
of
cross­
sectional
studies
designed
and
initially
implemented
in
1969.
NAEP
has
gathered
information
about
selected
levels
of
educational
achievement
across
the
country.
NAEP
has
surveyed
the
educational
attainments
by
age
and
grade
(
9­,
13­,
and
17­
year­
olds,
and
4th­,
8th­,
and
12th­
graders),
and
young
adults
(
ages
25
to
35),
in
10
learning
areas.
NAEP
administers
two
different
types
of
tests.
The
NAEP
long­
term
trend
assessments
are
separate
from
a
series
of
newer
NAEP
assessments
(
called
``
main
assessments'')
that
involve
more
recently
developed
instruments.
Long­
term
trend
assessments
use
the
same
sets
of
questions
and
tasks
to
measure
trends
across
time,
while
main
assessments
reflect
current
educational
content
and
assessment
methodology.
The
assessment
data
presented
in
this
publication
were
derived
from
tests
designed
and
conducted
by
the
Education
Commission
of
the
States
(
1969
 
1983)
and
by
the
Educational
Testing
Service
(
1983
to
present).
Three­
stage
probability
samples
have
been
used.
The
primary
sampling
units
have
been
stratified
by
region
and,
within
region,
by
state,
size
of
community,
and,
for
the
two
smaller
sizes
of
community
strata,
by
socioeconomic
level.
The
first
stage
of
sampling
entails
defining
and
selecting
primary
sampling
units
(
PSUs).
For
each
age/
grade
level
(
grades
4,
8,
and
12)
the
second
stage
entails
enumerating
stratifying,
and
randomly
selecting
schools,
both
public
and
private,
within
each
PSU
selected
at
the
first
stage.
The
third
stage
involves
randomly
selecting
students
within
a
school
for
participation
in
NAEP.
Assessment
exercises
have
been
administered
either
to
individuals
or
to
small
groups
of
students
by
specially
trained
personnel.
Sample
sizes
for
the
reading
proficiency
portion
of
the
1995
 
96
NAEP
long­
term
trends
study
were:
5,019
for
the
9­
year­
olds,
5,493
for
the
13­
year­
olds,
and
4,669
for
the
17­
year­
olds.
Response
rates
were
96
percent,
92
percent,
and
84
percent,
respectively.
Response
rates
for
earlier
years
(
1970
 
71,
1974
 
75,
and
1979
 
80)
were
generally
lower.
For
example,
the
lowest
response
rate
for
the
9­
year­
olds
was
88
percent
in
1974
 
75,
and
the
lowest
response
rate
overall
was
70
percent
for
the
17­
year­
olds
in
1974
 
75.
Sample
sizes
in
math
and
science
portions
of
the
1995
 
96
long­
term
trends
were:
5,414
9­
year­
olds,
5,658
13­
year­
olds,
and
3,539
17­
year­
olds.
Response
rates
were
95,
93,
and
84
percent,
respectively
Assessments
focusing
on
particular
subject
areas
are
conducted
separately
from
long
term
assessments
The
1993
 
94
U.
S.
history
data
in
this
report
are
based
on
a
nationally
representative
sample
of
5,499
4th­
graders,
8,767
8th­
graders,
and
7,818
12th­
graders.
The
response
rates
were:
90
percent
for
4th­
graders,
90
percent
for
8th­
graders,
and
89
percent
for
12th­
graders.
The
1991
 
92
writing
assessment
was
administered
to
7,166
4th­
graders,
11,112
8th­
graders,
and
11,532
12th­
graders.
Student
response
rates
for
the
1992
 
93
writing
assessment
were
93
percent
for
the
4thgraders
89
percent
for
the
8th­
graders,
and
81
percent
for
the
12th­
graders.
Sample
sizes
varied
depending
on
the
test
items
and
the
scoring
method
used.
In
1995
 
96,
a
science
assessment
was
administered
to
7,305
4th­
graders,
7,774
8th­
graders,
and
7,537
12th­
graders.
The
response
rates
were
94
per­
497
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
cent
for
the
4th­
graders,
94
percent
for
the
8th­
graders
and
93
percent
for
the
12th­
graders.
The
1993
 
94
geography
assessment
was
administered
to
5,507
4th­
graders,
6,878
8th­
graders,
and
6,234
12th­
graders.
The
response
rates
for
the
assessment
were
93
percent
for
the
4th­
graders,
93
percent
for
the
8th­
graders,
and
90
percent
for
the
12th­
graders.
In
1990,
representative
state­
level
data
were
produced
for
mathematics
at
the
8th­
grade
level.
This
was
the
first
time
NAEP
had
produced
data
on
a
state­
by­
state
level.
In
1996,
state­
level
assessments
were
conducted
in
4th­
and
8th­
grade
mathematics
and
8th­
grade
science.
Information
from
NAEP
is
subject
to
both
nonsampling
and
sampling
error.
Two
possible
sources
of
nonsampling
error
are
nonparticipation
and
instrumentation
Certain
populations
have
been
oversampled
to
assure
samples
of
sufficient
size
for
analysis.
Instrumentation
nonsampling
error
could
result
from
failure
of
the
test
instruments
to
measure
what
is
being
taught
and,
in
turn,
what
is
being
learned
by
the
students.
For
further
information
on
NAEP,
contact:

Peggy
Carr
Assessment
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5653
Peggy
l
Carr@
ed.
gov
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988
The
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study
of
1988
(
NELS:
88)
is
the
third
major
longitudinal
study
sponsored
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics.
The
two
studies
that
preceded
NELS:
88,
the
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
the
High
School
Class
of
1972
(
NLS
 
72)
and
High
School
and
Beyond
(
HS&
B)
in
1980,
surveyed
high
school
seniors
(
and
sophomores
in
HS&
B)
through
high
school,
postsecondary
education,
and
work
and
family
formation
experiences
Unlike
its
predecessors,
NELS:
88
begins
with
a
cohort
of
8th­
grade
students.
In
1988,
some
25,000
8th­
graders,
their
parents,
their
teachers,
and
their
school
principals
were
surveyed.
Follow­
ups
were
conducted
in
1990,
1992,
and
1994,
when
a
majority
of
these
students
were
in
10th
and
12th
grades,
and
then
2
years
after
their
scheduled
high
school
graduation
A
fourth
follow­
up
is
planned
for
the
year
2000.
NELS:
88
is
designed
to
provide
trend
data
about
critical
transitions
experienced
by
young
people
as
they
develop,
attend
school,
and
embark
on
their
careers
It
complements
and
strengthens
state
and
local
efforts
by
furnishing
new
information
on
how
school
policies,
teacher
practices,
and
family
involvement
affect
student
educational
outcomes
(
i.
e.,
academic
achievement,
persistence
in
school,
and
participation
in
postsecondary
education).
For
the
base
year,
NELS:
88
included
a
multifaceted
student
questionnaire
four
cognitive
tests,
a
parent
questionnaire,
a
teacher
questionnaire,
and
a
school
questionnaire.
In
1990,
when
the
students
were
in
10th
grade,
the
students,
school
dropouts,
their
teachers,
and
their
school
principals
were
surveyed.
The
1988
survey
of
parents
was
not
a
part
of
the
1990
follow­
up.
In
1992,
when
the
students
were
in
12th
grade,
the
second
follow­
up
conducted
surveys
of
students,
dropouts,
parents,
teachers,
and
school
principals.
Also,
information
on
the
students'
transcripts,
the
schools'
course
offerings,
and
enrollments
were
collected
and
there
was
a
school
effects
survey.
Tables
A3
and
A4
present
the
respondent
counts
and
design
effects
of
NELS:
88
and
the
1990
and
1992
follow
ups.
Further
information
about
the
NELS:
88
survey
can
be
obtained
from:

Jeffrey
A.
Owings
Elementary/
Secondary
and
Library
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
Jeffrey
l
Owings@
ed.
gov
National
Household
Education
Survey
The
National
Household
Education
Survey
(
NHES)
is
a
data
collection
system
that
is
designed
to
address
a
wide
range
of
education­
related
issues.
Surveys
were
conducted
in
1991,
1993,
1995,
and
1996.
The
NHES
targets
specific
populations
for
detailed
data
collection.
It
is
intended
to
provide
more
detailed
data
on
the
topics
and
populations
of
interest
than
are
collected
through
supplements
to
other
household
surveys.
The
topics
addressed
by
the
NHES:
91
were
early
childhood
education
and
adult
education.
About
60,000
households
were
screened
for
the
NHES:
91.
In
the
Early
Childhood
Education
component,
about
14,000
parents/
guardians
of
3­
to
8­
year
olds
completed
interviews
about
their
children's
early
educational
experiences.
Included
in
this
component
were
participation
in
nonparental
care/
education,
care
arrangements
and
school,
and
family,
household
and
child
characteristics.
In
the
NHES:
91
Adult
Education
component,
about
9,800
persons
16
years
of
age
and
older,
identified
as
having
participated
in
an
adult
education
activity
in
the
previous
12
months,
were
questioned
about
their
activities.
Data
were
collected
on
programs
and
up
to
four
courses,
including
the
subject
matter
duration,
sponsorship,
purpose,
and
cost.
Information
on
the
household
and
the
498
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
adult's
background
and
current
employment
also
was
collected.
In
the
NHES:
95
survey,
23,969
adults
were
sampled
for
the
adult
education
component
and
80
percent
(
19,722)
completed
the
interview.
In
the
NHES:
93,
nearly
64,000
households
were
screened.
Approximately
11,000
parents
of
3­
to
7­
year
olds
completed
interviews
for
the
School
Readiness
component.
Topics
included
were
the
developmental
characteristics
of
preschoolers,
school
adjustment
and
teacher
feedback
to
parents
for
kindergartners
and
primary
students,
center­
based
program
participation,
early
school
experiences,
home
activities
with
family
members,
and
health
status.
In
the
School
Safety
and
Discipline
component,
about
12,700
parents
of
children
in
grades
3
through
12,
and
about
6,500
youth
in
grades
6
through
12,
were
interviewed
about
their
school
experiences.
Topics
included
the
school
learning
environment,
discipline
policy,
safety
at
school,
victimization,
the
availability
and
use
of
alcohol/
drugs,
and
alcohol/
drug
education
Peer
norms
for
behavior
in
school
and
substance
use
were
also
included
in
this
topical
component
Extensive
family
and
household
background
information
was
collected,
as
well
as
characteristics
of
the
school
attended
by
the
child.
In
the
NHES:
95
survey,
the
Early
Childhood
Program
participation
component
and
the
Adult
Education
component
were
similar
to
those
in
1991.
In
the
Early
Childhood
component,
about
14,000
parents
of
children
from
birth
to
third
grade
were
interviewed
For
the
Adult
Education
component,
about
19,500
civilian
adults
were
interviewed.
In
the
spring
of
1996,
Parent
and
Family
Involvement
in
education
and
Civic
Involvement
were
covered
For
the
Parent
and
Family
Involvement
component
nearly
21,000
parents
of
children
grades
3
to
12
were
interviewed.
For
the
Civic
Involvement
component
about
8,000
youth
grades
6
to
12,
about
9,000
parents,
and
about
2,000
adults
were
interviewed
The
1996
survey
also
addressed
public
library
use.
Adults
in
almost
55,000
households
were
interviewed
to
support
state­
level
estimates
of
household
public
library
use.
For
more
information
contact:

Kathryn
Chandler
Early
Childhood,
International
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
Kathryn
l
Chandler@
ed.
gov
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
the
High
School
Class
of
1972
The
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
the
High
School
Class
of
1972
(
NLS
 
72)
began
with
the
collection
of
base­
year
survey
data
from
a
sample
of
about
19,000
high
school
seniors
in
the
spring
of
1972.
Five
more
follow­
up
surveys
of
these
students
were
conducted
in
1973,
1974,
1976,
1979,
and
1986.
The
NLS
 
72
was
designed
to
provide
the
education
community
with
information
on
the
transitions
of
young
adults
from
high
school
through
postsecondary
education
and
the
workplace.
The
sample
design
for
the
NLS
 
72
was
a
stratified
two­
stage
probability
sample
of
students
from
all
schools,
public
and
private,
in
the
50
states
and
the
District
of
Columbia
with
a
12th­
grade
enrollment
during
the
1971
 
72
school
year.
During
the
first
stage
of
sampling,
about
1,070
schools
were
selected
for
participation
in
the
base­
year
survey.
As
many
as
18
students
were
selected
at
random
from
each
of
the
sample
schools.
The
size
of
both
the
school
and
student
samples
were
increased
during
the
first
follow­
up
survey.
Beginning
with
the
first
follow
up
and
continuing
through
the
fourth
follow­
up,
about
1,300
schools
participated
in
the
survey
and
slightly
under
23,500
students
were
sampled.
The
response
rates
for
each
of
the
different
rounds
of
data
collection
have
been
80
percent
or
higher.
Sample
retention
rates
across
the
survey
years
have
been
quite
high.
For
example,
of
the
individuals
responding
to
the
base­
year
questionnaire,
the
percentages
who
responded
to
the
first,
second,
third,
and
fourth
follow­
up
questionnaires
were
about
94,
93,
89,
and
83
percent,
respectively.
Further
information
may
be
obtained
from:

Aurora
M.
D'Amico
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Aurora
l
D'Amico@
ed.
gov
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study
The
National
Postsecondary
Student
Aid
Study
(
NPSAS)
is
a
comprehensive
nationwide
study
of
how
students
and
their
families
pay
for
postsecondary
education.
It
covers
national
representative
samples
of
undergraduates,
graduates,
and
first­
professional
students;
students
attending
less
than
2­
year
institutions,
2­
to
3­
year
schools,
4­
year
colleges,
and
major
universities.
Participants
included
students
who
do
not
receive
aid
and
their
parents
as
well
as
students
who
do
receive
financial
aid
and
their
parents.
Study
results
are
used
to
help
determine
future
federal
policy
regarding
student
financial
aid.
The
study
was
conducted
every
3
years.
Beginning
in
1999
 
2000,
the
survey
will
be
conducted
every
4
years.
The
first
NPSAS
was
conducted
during
the
1986
 
87
school
year.
Data
were
gathered
from
about
1,074
colleges,
universities,
and
other
postsecondary
499
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
institutions;
60,000
students;
and
14,000
parents.
These
data
provided
information
on
the
cost
of
postsecondary
education,
the
distribution
of
financial
aid,
and
the
characteristics
of
both
aided
and
nonaided
students
and
their
families.
As
a
part
of
the
1992
 
93
NPSAS,
information
on
77,000
undergraduates
and
graduate
students
enrolled
during
the
school
year
was
collected
at
1,000
postsecondary
institutions.
The
sample
included
students
enrolled
at
any
time
between
July
1,
1992,
and
June
30,
1993.
About
66,000
students
and
a
subsample
of
their
parents
were
interviewed
by
telephone
The
1996
NPSAS
contains
information
on
more
than
48,000
undergraduate
and
graduate
students
from
973
postsecondary
institutions.
Students
were
enrolled
at
any
time
during
the
1995
 
96
school
year.
Further
information
may
be
obtained
from:

Andrew
G.
Malizio
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Andrew
l
Malizio@
ed.
gov
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
This
study
is
in
response
to
a
continuing
need
for
data
on
faculty
and
instructors­
persons
who
directly
affect
the
quality
of
education
in
postsecondary
institutions
They
often
determine
curriculum
content,
student
performance
standards,
and
the
quality
of
students
preparation
for
careers.
Faculty
members
perform
important
research
and
development
work
and
perform
public
service
activities.
The
National
Study
of
Postsecondary
Faculty
(
NSOPF)
was
designed
to
provide
data
about
faculty
to
postsecondary
researchers
planners,
and
policymakers.
NSOPF
is
the
most
comprehensive
study
of
faculty
in
postsecondary
educational
institutions
ever
undertaken.
The
first
cycle
of
NSOPF
was
conducted
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
NCES)
with
support
from
the
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities
(
NEH)
in
1987
 
88
(
NSOPF:
88)
with
a
sample
of
480
colleges
and
universities,
over
3,000
department
chairpersons,
and
over
11,000
instructional
faculty.
The
second
cycle
of
NSOPF
was
conducted
by
NCES
with
support
from
NEH
and
the
National
Science
Foundation
(
NSF)
in
1992
 
93
(
NSOPF:
93).
NSOPF:
93
was
limited
to
surveys
of
institutions
and
faculty,
but
with
a
substantially
expanded
sample
of
974
colleges
and
universities,
and
31,354
faculty
and
instructional
staff.
Further
information
may
be
obtained
from:

Linda
J.
Zimbler
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Linda
l
Zimbler@
ed.
gov
Projections
of
Education
Statistics
Since
1964,
NCES
has
published
projections
of
key
statistics
for
elementary
and
secondary
schools
and
institutions
of
higher
education.
These
projections
include
statistics
such
as
enrollments,
instructional
staff,
graduates,
earned
degrees,
and
expenditures
The
Projections
reports
include
several
alternative
projection
series
and
a
methodology
section
describing
the
techniques
and
assumptions
used
to
prepare
them.
Data
in
this
edition
of
the
Digest
reflect
the
middle
alternative
projection
series.
Differences
between
the
reported
and
projected
values
are,
of
course,
almost
inevitable.
An
evaluation
of
past
projections
revealed
that,
at
the
elementary
and
secondary
level,
projections
of
enrollments
have
been
quite
accurate:
mean
absolute
percentage
differences
for
enrollment
were
less
than
1
percent
for
projections
from
1
to
5
years
in
the
future,
while
those
for
teachers
were
less
than
4
percent.
At
the
higher
education
level,
projections
of
enrollment
have
been
fairly
accurate:
mean
absolute
percentage
differences
were
5
percent
or
less
for
projections
from
1
to
5
years
into
the
future.
For
further
information
about
projection
methodology
and
accuracy,
contact:

Debra
E.
Gerald
Early
Childhood,
International
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5654
Debra
l
Gerald@
ed.
gov
Survey
of
Recent
College
Graduates
Since
1976,
NCES
has
conducted
six
surveys
of
baccalaureate
and
master's
degree
recipients
1
year
after
graduation.
The
Recent
College
Graduates
(
RCG)
surveys
have
concentrated
on
those
graduates
entering
the
teaching
profession.
The
surveys
link
major
field
of
study
with
outcomes
such
as
whether
the
respondent
entered
the
labor
force
or
was
seeking
additional
education.
Data
on
labor
force
includes
employment
status
(
unemployed,
parttime
or
full­
time
employed),
occupation,
salary,
career
potential,
relation
to
major
field
of
study,
and
need
for
a
college
degree.
To
obtain
accurate
results
500
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
on
teachers,
graduates
with
a
major
in
education
were
oversampled.
The
latest
two
surveys
continued
to
oversample
education
majors,
but
increased
the
sampling
of
graduates
with
majors
in
other
fields.
The
survey
involved
a
two­
stage
sampling
procedure
First,
the
universe
of
institutions
awarding
bachelor's
and
master's
degrees
was
stratified
by
number
or
percentage
of
degrees
awarded
to
education
graduates
and
by
control
of
institution
(
public
or
private).
A
sample
of
institutions
within
each
stratum
was
then
selected.
Second,
for
each
of
the
selected
institutions,
a
list
of
their
graduates
by
major
field
of
study
was
obtained
and
a
sample
of
graduates
was
drawn
by
major
field
of
study.
Graduates
in
certain
major
fields
of
study
(
e.
g.,
education,
mathematics
physical
sciences)
were
sampled
at
higher
rates
than
graduates
in
other
fields.
Roughly
one
year
after
graduation,
the
sample
of
graduates
was
located,
contacted
by
mail
or
telephone,
and
asked
to
respond
to
the
questionnaire.
The
locating
process
was
more
detailed
than
in
most
surveys.
Nonresponse
rates
were
directly
related
to
the
time,
effort,
and
resources
used
in
locating
graduates,
rather
than
to
graduates'
refusals
to
participate
Despite
the
difficulties
in
locating
graduates,
response
rates
for
recent
studies
are
comparable
to
studies
without
locating
problems.
The
1976
survey
of
1974
 
75
college
graduates
was
the
first
and
smallest
of
the
series.
The
sample
consisted
of
211
schools,
of
which
200
(
96
percent)
responded.
Of
the
5,854
graduates
in
the
sample,
4,350
responded,
for
a
response
rate
of
79
percent.
The
1981
survey
was
somewhat
larger,
with
a
coverage
of
297
institutions
and
15,852
graduates.
Responses
were
obtained
from
283
institutions,
for
an
institutional
response
rate
of
95
percent,
and
from
9,312
graduates
(
716
others
were
determined
to
be
out
of
scope),
for
a
response
rate
of
74
percent.
The
1985
survey
sampled
404
colleges
and
18,738
graduates
of
whom
17,853
were
found
to
be
in
scope.
Responses
were
obtained
from
13,200
students
for
a
response
rate
of
78
percent.
The
response
rate
for
the
colleges
was
98
percent.
The
1987
survey
form
was
sent
to
21,957
graduates.
Responses
were
received
from
16,878,
for
a
response
rate
of
79.7
percent.
The
1991
RCG
study
involved
a
sample
of
18,135
graduates
of
400
bachelor's
and
master's
degreegranting
institutions.
The
18,135
graduates
consisted
of
16,172
bachelor's
degrees
recipients
and
1,963
master's
degree
recipients
between
July
1,
1989,
and
June
30,
1990.
Random
samples
of
graduates
were
selected
from
lists
stratified
by
field
of
study.
Graduates
in
education,
mathematics,
and
the
physical
sciences
were
sampled
at
a
higher
rate,
as
were
minority
graduates
to
provide
a
sufficient
number
of
these
graduates
for
analysis
purposes.
The
graduates
included
in
the
sample
were
selected
in
proportion
to
the
institution's
number
of
graduates.
The
institutional
response
rate
was
95
percent
and
the
graduate
response
rate
was
83
percent.
Table
A5
contains
sample
sizes
for
number
of
graduates,
by
field,
for
the
1976,
1981,
1985,
1987,
and
1991
surveys.
This
survey
system
has
been
replaced
by
a
new
data
collection
entitled
Baccalaureate
and
Beyond
Longitudinal
Study.
Further
information
on
the
RCG
survey
may
be
obtained
from:

Peter
Stowe
Postsecondary
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5652
Peter
l
Stowe@
ed.
gov
Public
School
Principal
Survey
on
Safe,
Disciplined,
and
Drug­
Free
Schools
This
sample
survey
used
the
NCES
Fast
Response
Survey
System
(
FRSS),
which
is
designed
to
gather
timely
information
for
policymakers.
The
survey
was
conducted
in
1991
by
Westat,
Inc.
A
national
sample
of
830
public
school
principals,
represented
by
a
response
rate
of
94
percent,
answered
questions
regarding
the
extent
of
discipline
problems
within
their
schools.
They
were
also
questioned
about
the
nature
and
effectiveness
of
their
schools'
current
policies
and
drug
education
programs.
This
survey
categorized
principals
by
instructional
level
(
elementary,
secondary),
type
of
school
location
(
city,
urban
fringe,
town,
rural),
enrollment
size
(
less
than
300,
300
to
999,
1,000
or
more),
region
(
Northeast
Central,
Southeast,
and
West),
and
percentage
of
students
receiving
free
or
reduced­
price
lunches
(
10
percent
or
less,
11
to
40
percent,
41
percent
or
more).
For
more
information
about
this
survey
contact:

Bernie
Greene
Early
Childhood,
International
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
Bernard
l
Greene@
ed.
gov
Public
School
Kindergarten
Teachers'
Views
on
Children's
Readiness
for
School
This
sample
survey
of
1,448
public
school
kindergarten
teachers
was
conducted
as
part
of
a
national
early
childhood
assessment
system
for
National
Education
Goal
One:
``
By
the
year
2000,
all
American
children
will
start
school
ready
to
learn.''
The
survey
obtained
data
on
kindergarten
teachers'
views
of
chil­
501
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
dren's
readiness
and
on
the
teacher's
classroom
practices.
For
more
information
about
this
survey
contact:

Bernie
Greene
Early
Childhood,
International
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
Bernard
l
Greene@
ed.
gov
Advanced
Telecommunications
in
U.
S.
Public
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools,
1997
Current
information
regarding
the
availability
and
use
of
telecommunications,
and
in
particular,
access
to
the
Internet,
was
requested
by
this
sample
survey.
The
data
were
gathered
from
a
nationally
representative
sample
of
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
in
fall
1997.
The
survey
was
commissioned
in
response
to
the
National
Information
Infrastructure
(
NII)
set
forth
by
the
President
to
encourage
an
acceleration
of
the
goal
to
connect
all
of
the
nation's
school
classrooms,
as
well
as
libraries,
hospitals,
and
law
enforcement
agencies,
to
the
``
Information
Superhighway.''
For
more
information
about
this
survey
contact:

Bernie
Greene
Early
Childhood,
International
and
Crosscutting
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
Bernard
l
Greene@
ed.
gov
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey
The
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey
(
SASS)
is
a
set
of
linked
questionnaires
that
covers
public
school
districts
public
and
private
schools,
principals,
and
teachers
as
its
core
components.
SASS
was
first
conducted
for
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
during
the
1987
 
88
school
year.
SASS
subsequently
was
conducted
in
1990
 
91
and
in
1993
 
94.
The
next
SASS
is
scheduled
for
school
year
1999
 
2000.
SASS
is
a
mailed
questionnaire
with
telephone
follow­
up
that
collects
data
on
the
nation's
public
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
teaching
force,
characteristics
of
schools
and
school
principals,
demand
for
teachers,
and
school/
school
district
policies.
The
1990
 
91
and
1993
 
94
SASS
also
collected
data
on
Bureau
of
Indian
Affairs
(
BIA)
schools.
The
SASS
data
are
collected
through
a
sample
survey
of
schools,
the
school
districts
associated
with
sampled
schools,
school
principals,
and
teachers.
The
1993
 
94
SASS
expanded
as
well
to
cover
school
libraries
and
librarians,
and
field
tested
an
administrative
student
records
questionnaire.
The
1993
 
94
SASS
estimates
are
based
upon
a
sample
consisting
of
approximately
9,900
public
schools,
3,300
private
schools,
and
5,500
public
school
districts
associated
with
the
public
schools
in
the
sample.
From
these
schools,
about
57,000
public
school
teachers
and
11,500
private
school
teachers
were
selected
for
the
1993
 
94
SASS
teacher
survey.
The
public
school
sample
for
the
1993
 
94
SASS
was
based
upon
the
1991
 
92
school
year
Common
Core
of
Data
(
CCD),
the
compilation
of
all
the
nation's
public
school
districts
and
public
schools.
CCD
is
collected
annually
from
state
education
agencies.
The
frame
includes
regular
public
schools,
Department
of
Defense­
operated
military
base
schools
in
the
United
States,
and
nonregular
schools
such
as
special
education,
vocational,
and
alternative
schools.
SASS
is
designed
to
provide
national
estimates
for
public
and
private
school
characteristics
and
state
estimates
for
school
districts,
public
schools,
principals,
and
teachers.
The
teacher
survey
is
designed
as
well
to
allow
comparisons
between
new
and
experienced
teachers,
and
between
bilingual
ESL
teachers
and
other
teachers.
The
private
school
sample
for
the
1993
 
94
SASS
was
selected
from
the
1991
 
92
Private
School
Universe
Survey
(
PSS),
supplemented
with
list
updates
from
states
and
some
associations
available
in
time
for
sample
selection.
PSS
collects
basic
data
on
all
of
the
nation's
private
schools
from
two
sources:
the
list
frame
and
the
area
search
frame.
The
list
frame
was
compiled
from
a
set
of
private
school
associations
that
provide
NCES
with
their
membership
lists
and
states
that
gather
lists
of
private
schools.
The
area
search
frame
consisted
of
schools
not
included
on
the
list
frame
that
were
compiled
from
local
sources
in
a
sample
of
counties
around
the
United
States.
Private
school
estimates
are
available
at
the
national
level
and
by
type
of
private
school.
The
Teacher
Demand
and
Shortage
(
school
district
and
School
Principal
Questionnaires
were
mailed
out
first
in
October
1993,
along
with
School
Library/
Media
Center
and
Library
Media
Specialist/
Librarian
Questionnaires.
The
weighted
response
rate
for
the
Teacher
Demand
and
Shortage
Questionnaire
was
93.9
percent.
Weighted
response
rates
for
the
Public
School
Principal
Questionnaire
and
the
Private
School
Questionnaire
were
96.6
percent
and
87.6
percent,
respectively.
In
December
1993,
public,
private,
and
BIA
school
questionnaires
were
mailed
out.
The
public,
private,
and
BIA
teacher
questionnaires
were
sent
out
in
several
batches,
between
mid­
December
1993
and
early
February
1994.
Weighted
response
rates
for
the
Public
School
Questionnaire
and
the
Private
School
Questionnaire
were
92.3
percent
and
83.2
percent,
502
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
respectively.
Five
percent
of
public
schools
and
9
percent
of
private
schools
did
not
provide
a
list
of
teachers
in
their
schools
and
were
thus
ineligible
for
sampling.
Weighted
response
rates
were
88.2
percent
for
public
school
teachers
and
80.2
percent
for
private
school
teachers.
Item
response
rates
were
varied,
but
generally
high,
ranging
from
67
to
100
percent
for
the
TDS,
65
to
100
percent
for
public
school
principal
questions,
55
to100
percent
for
private
school
principal
items,
83
to
100
percent
for
public
school
items,
61
to
100
percent
for
private
school
survey
items,
71
to
100
percent
for
public
school
teacher
items,
and
69
to
100
percent
for
private
school
teacher
items.
Public­
use
and
restricted­
use
microdata
files
are
available
on
CD­
ROM.
Summary
data
from
the
1993
 
94
SASS
can
be
found
in
Schools
and
Staffing
in
the
United
States:
Selected
Data
for
Public
and
Private
Schools,
1993
 
94
(
NCES
95
 
191).
More
detailed
results
from
the
1993
 
94
SASS
are
published
in
Schools
and
Staffing
in
the
United
States:
A
Statistical
Profile,
1993
 
94
(
NCES
96
 
124).
Data
by
state
are
available
in
SASS
by
State
 
1993
 
94
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey
Selected
State
Results
(
NCES
96
 
312).
Further
information
about
the
sample
may
be
obtained
from
1993
 
94
Schools
and
Staffing
Survey:
Sample
Design
and
Estimation
(
NCES
96
 
086).
Data
from
previous
SASS
collections
are
published
in
the
1987
 
88
and
1990
 
91
Profile
reports
(
NCES
92
 
127
and
93
 
146,
respectively),
as
well
as
the
1987
 
88
and
1990
 
91
versions
of
the
sample
design
report
(
NCES
91
 
127
and
93
 
449,
respectively).
For
more
information
about
this
survey
or
to
order
reports,
contact:

Kerry
Gruber
Elementary/
Secondary
and
Library
Studies
Division
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5651
Kerry
l
Gruber@
ed.
gov
The
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study
The
Third
International
Mathematics
and
Science
Study
(
TIMSS)
is
the
largest,
most
comprehensive,
and
most
rigorous
international
comparison
of
education
ever
undertaken.
During
the
1995
school
year,
the
study
tested
the
mathematics
and
science
knowledge
of
half
a
million
students
from
41
nations
at
5
different
grade
levels.
At
the
same
time,
the
students
their
teachers,
and
the
principals
of
their
schools
were
asked
to
respond
to
questionnaires
about
their
backgrounds
and
their
attitudes,
experiences
and
practices
in
the
teaching
and
learning
of
mathematics
and
science.
TIMSS
is
a
collaborative
research
project
sponsored
by
the
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement
(
IEA).
The
TIMSS
International
Study
Center
is
housed
in
the
Center
for
the
Study
of
Testing,
Evaluation,
and
Educational
Policy
(
CSTEEP)
at
Boston
College.
The
TIMSS
International
Study
Director,
Albert
E.
Beaton,
directs
the
international
activities
of
the
study,
together
with
his
staff
at
the
International
Study
Center.
To
contact
the
TIMSS
International
Study
Center:

Dr.
Albert
Beaton
TIMSS
International
Study
Director
CSTEEP,
Campion
Hall
323
Boston
College
Chestnut
Hill,
MA
02167
Office
for
Civil
Rights
Civil
Rights
Survey
of
Elementary
and
Secondary
Schools
The
Office
for
Civil
Rights
(
OCR),
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
conducts
biennial
surveys
of
public
school
districts
and
of
schools
within
those
districts.
Data
are
obtained
on
the
characteristics
of
pupils
enrolled
in
public
schools
throughout
the
nation.
Such
information
is
required
under
Title
VI
of
the
Civil
Rights
Act
of
1964,
Title
IX
of
the
Education
Amendments
of
1972,
and
Section
504
of
the
Rehabilitation
Act
of
1973
to
enable
OCR
to
carry
out
its
compliance
responsibilities.
The
1990
survey
included
the
100
largest
public
school
districts,
those
of
special
interest
(
i.
e.,
court
order,
compliance
review),
and
a
stratified
random
sample
of
approximately
3,500
districts
representing
approximately
40,000
schools.
School,
district,
and
national
data
are
currently
available
Further
information
is
available
from:

Peter
McCabe
Office
for
Civil
Rights
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
330
C
Street
SW
Washington,
DC
20202
The
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services
Annual
Report
to
Congress
on
the
Implementation
of
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
The
Individuals
with
Disabilities
Education
Act
(
IDEA),
formerly
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
(
EHA),
requires
the
Secretary
of
Education
to
transmit
to
Congress
annually
a
report
describing
the
progress
in
serving
the
nation's
handicapped
children
The
annual
report
contains
information
on
children
served
by
the
public
schools
under
the
provi­
503
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
sions
of
Part
B
of
the
IDEA
and
for
children
served
in
state­
operated
programs
(
SOP)
for
the
handicapped
under
Chapter
I
of
the
Elementary
and
Secondary
Education
Act
(
ESEA).
Statistics
on
children
receiving
special
education
and
related
services
in
various
settings
and
school
personnel
providing
such
services
are
reported
in
an
annual
submission
of
data
to
the
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services
(
OSERS),
by
the
50
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
the
outlying
areas.
The
child
count
information
is
based
on
the
number
of
handicapped
children
receiving
special
education
and
related
services
on
December
1st
of
each
year.
Since
each
participant
in
programs
for
the
handicapped
is
reported
to
OSERS,
the
data
are
not
subject
to
sampling
error.
However,
nonsampling
error
can
occur
from
a
variety
of
sources.
Some
states
follow
a
noncategorical
approach
to
the
delivery
of
special
education
services,
but
produce
counts
by
handicapping
condition
because
EHA
 
B
requires
it.
In
those
states
that
do
categorize
their
handicapped
students,
definitions
and
labeling
practices
vary.
Further
information
on
the
Annual
Report
to
Congress
may
be
obtained
from:

Office
of
Special
Education
Programs
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services
330
C
Street
SW
Washington,
DC
20202
National
Longitudinal
Transition
Study
of
Special
Education
Students
As
part
of
the
1983
amendments
to
the
Education
of
the
Handicapped
Act
(
EHA),
Congress
requested
that
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education
conduct
a
national
longitudinal
study
of
the
transition
of
secondary
special
education
students
to
determine
how
they
fare
in
terms
of
education,
employment,
and
independent
living.
A
5­
year
study
was
mandated,
which
was
to
include
youth
from
ages
13
to
21
who
were
in
special
education
at
the
time
they
were
selected
and
who
represented
all
11
federal
disability
categories
Data
were
drawn
from
extensive
telephone
interviews
with
parents,
from
school
records,
and
from
a
survey
of
educators
in
secondary
schools
attended
by
youth
in
the
study.
The
study
was
conducted
by
SRI
International
and
began
in
April,
1987.
The
National
Transition
Study
involves
a
nationally
representative
sample
of
more
than
8,000
secondary­
age
youth
with
disabilities.
A
sample
of
450
school
districts
was
randomly
selected
from
the
universe
of
approximately
14,000
school
districts
serving
secondary
special
education
students
An
additional
replacement
sample
of
176
additional
districts
was
selected
due
to
a
low
rate
of
agreement
to
participate
from
the
initial
group
of
districts
Participation
in
the
study
was
invited
from
the
approximately
80
special
schools
serving
secondaryage
deaf,
blind,
and
deaf­
blind
schools.
A
total
of
approximately
300
school
districts
and
25
special
schools
agreed
to
have
youth
selected
for
the
study.
For
further
information
about
this
study,
contact:

Office
of
Special
Education
Programs
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services
330
C
Street
SW
Washington,
DC
20202
Other
Governmental
Agencies
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
Current
Population
Survey
Current
estimates
of
school
enrollment
rates,
as
well
as
social
and
economic
characteristics
of
students
are
based
on
data
collected
in
the
Census
Bureau's
monthly
household
survey
of
about
60,000
households.
The
monthly
Current
Population
Survey
(
CPS)
sample
consists
of
729
areas
comprising
1,973
counties,
independent
cities,
and
minor
civil
divisions
throughout
the
50
states
and
the
District
of
Columbia.
The
samples
are
initially
selected
based
on
the
decennial
census
files
and
are
periodically
updated
to
reflect
new
housing
construction.
The
monthly
CPS
deals
primarily
with
labor
force
data
for
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
(
i.
e.,
excluding
military
personnel
and
their
families
living
on
post
and
inmates
of
institutions).
In
addition,
in
October
of
each
year,
supplemental
questions
are
asked
about
highest
grade
completed,
level
and
grade
of
current
enrollment,
attendance
status,
number
and
type
of
courses,
degree
or
certificate
objective
and
type
of
organization
offering
instruction
for
each
member
of
the
household.
In
March
of
each
year,
supplemental
questions
on
income
are
asked.
The
responses
to
these
questions
are
combined
with
answers
to
two
questions
on
educational
attainment:
highest
grade
of
school
ever
attended,
and
whether
that
grade
was
completed.
The
estimation
procedure
employed
for
the
monthly
CPS
data
involves
inflating
weighted
sample
results
to
independent
estimates
of
characteristics
of
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
in
the
United
States
by
age,
sex,
and
race.
These
independent
estimates
are
based
on
statistics
from
decennial
censuses
statistics
on
births,
deaths,
immigration,
and
emigration;
and
statistics
on
the
population
in
the
armed
services.
Generalized
standard
error
tables
are
provided
in
the
Current
Population
Reports.
The
data
are
subject
to
both
nonsampling
and
sampling
errors.
504
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Further
information
is
available
in
the
Current
Population
Reports,
Series
P
 
20,
or
by
contacting:

Education
and
Social
Stratification
Branch
Population
Division
Bureau
of
the
Census
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Washington,
DC
20233
School
Enrollment
Each
October,
the
Current
Population
Survey
(
CPS)
includes
supplemental
questions
on
the
enrollment
status
of
the
population
3
years
old
and
over,
in
addition
to
the
monthly
basic
survey
on
labor
force
participation.
The
main
sources
of
nonsampling
variability
in
the
responses
to
the
supplement
are
those
inherent
in
the
survey
instrument.
The
question
of
current
enrollment
may
not
be
answered
accurately
for
various
reasons.
Some
respondents
may
not
know
current
grade
information
for
every
student
in
the
household,
a
problem
especially
prevalent
for
households
with
members
in
college
or
in
nursery
school.
Confusion
over
college
credits
or
hours
taken
by
a
student
may
make
it
difficult
to
determine
the
year
in
which
the
student
is
enrolled.
Problems
may
occur
with
the
definition
of
nursery
school
(
a
group
or
class
organized
to
provide
educational
experiences
for
children),
where
respondents'
interpretations
of
``
educational
experiences''
vary.
The
1997
CPS
sample
was
selected
from
the
1990
Decennial
Census
files
with
coverage
in
all
50
states
and
the
District
of
Columbia.
The
sample
is
continually
updated
to
account
for
new
residential
construction
The
United
States
was
divided
into
2,007
geographic
areas.
In
most
states,
a
geographic
area
consisted
of
a
county
or
several
contiguous
counties.
In
some
areas
of
New
England
and
Hawaii,
minor
civil
divisions
are
used
instead
of
counties.
A
total
of
754
geographic
areas
were
selected
for
sample.
About
50,000
occupied
households
are
eligible
for
interview
every
month.
Interviewers
are
unable
to
obtain
interviews
at
about
3,200
of
these
units.
This
occurs
when
the
occupants
are
not
found
at
home
after
repeated
calls
or
are
unavailable
for
some
other
reason
For
the
October
1997
basic
CPS,
the
nonresponse
rate
was
6.3
percent
and
for
the
school
enrollment
supplement
the
nonresponse
rate
was
an
additional
4.7
percent
for
a
total
supplement
nonresponse
rate
of
10.7
percent.
Examples
of
sampling
variability
in
the
estimates
of
school
enrollment
rates
are
given
in
table
A6.
Further
information
on
the
CPS
survey
may
be
obtained
from:

http://
www.
bls.
census.
gov/
cps/
cpsmain.
htm
Questions
concerning
the
CPS
``
School
Enrollment
survey
may
be
directed
to:

Education
and
Social
Stratification
Branch
Population
Division
Bureau
of
the
Census
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Washington,
DC
20233
Educational
Attainment
Data
on
years
of
school
completed
are
derived
from
two
questions
on
the
Current
Population
Survey
(
CPS)
instrument.
Formal
reports
documenting
educational
attainment
are
produced
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
using
March
CPS
results.
The
latest
report
is
Educational
Attainment
in
the
United
States,
March
1994
and
1993,
Series
P
 
20,
No.
476,
which
is
available
from
the
Government
Printing
Office.
In
addition
to
the
general
constraints
of
the
CPS,
some
data
indicate
that
the
respondents
have
a
tendency
to
overestimate
the
educational
level
of
members
of
their
household.
Some
inaccuracy
is
due
to
a
lack
of
the
respondent's
knowledge
of
the
exact
educational
attainment
of
each
household
member
and
the
hesitancy
to
acknowledge
anything
less
than
a
high
school
education.
Another
cause
of
nonsampling
variability
is
the
change
in
the
numbers
in
the
armed
services
over
the
years.
Caution
should
also
be
used
when
comparing
newer
data,
which
reflect
1990
census­
based
population
controls,
with
data
from
March
1993
and
earlier
years,
which
reflect
1980
or
earlier
census­
based
population
controls.
This
change
in
population
controls
had
relatively
little
impact
on
summary
measures
such
as
means,
medians,
and
percentage
distributions
It
did
have
a
significant
impact
on
levels.
For
example,
use
of
1990
based
population
controls
results
in
about
a
1
percent
increase
in
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
and
in
the
number
of
families
and
households.
Thus,
estimates
of
levels
for
data
collected
in
1994
and
later
years
will
differ
from
those
for
earlier
years
by
more
than
what
could
be
attributed
to
actual
changes
in
the
population.
These
differences
could
be
disproportionately
greater
for
certain
subpopulation
groups
than
for
the
total
population
Examples
of
the
sampling
variability
in
the
estimates
of
educational
attainment
are
given
in
table
A7.
For
the
March
1997
basic
CPS,
the
nonresponse
rate
was
7.2
percent
and
for
the
suppplement
the
nonresponse
rate
was
an
additional
9.2
percent
for
a
total
supplement
nonresponse
rate
of
15.7
percent.
The
figures
shown
in
the
table
hold
for
total
or
white
population
estimates
only.
The
variability
in
estimates
for
subgroups
(
region,
household
relationships
etc.)
can
be
estimated
using
the
tables
pre­
505
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
sented
in
Current
Population
Reports.
Further
information
on
the
Current
Population
Survey
may
be
obtained
from
the
CPS
web
site
at:

http://
www.
bls.
census.
gov/
cps/
cpsmain.
htm
Questions
concerning
``
Educational
Attainment
in
the
United
States''
may
be
directed
to:

Education
and
Social
Stratification
Branch
Population
Division
Bureau
of
the
Census
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Washington,
DC
20233
Government
Finances
The
Census
Bureau
conducts
an
annual
survey
of
Government
Finances
as
authorized
by
law
under
Title
13,
United
States
Code,
Section
182.
This
survey
covers
the
entire
range
of
government
finance
activities:
revenue,
expenditure,
debt,
and
assets.
Revenues
and
expenditures
comprise
actual
receipts
and
payments
of
a
government
and
its
agencies,
including
government­
operated
enterprises,
utilities,
and
public
trust
funds.
The
expenditure
reporting
categories
comprise
all
amounts
of
money
paid
out
by
a
government
and
its
agencies
with
the
exception
of
amounts
for
debt
retirement
and
for
loan,
investment,
agency,
and
private
trust
transactions.
Most
of
the
federal
government
statistics
are
based
on
figures
that
appear
in
The
Budget
of
the
United
States
Government.
Since
the
classification
used
by
the
Census
Bureau
for
reporting
state
and
local
government
finance
statistics
differs
in
a
number
of
important
respects
from
the
classification
used
in
the
United
States
Budget,
it
was
necessary
to
adjust
the
federal
data.
For
this
report,
federal
budget
expenditures
include
interest
accrued,
but
not
paid,
during
the
fiscal
year;
Census
data
on
interest
are
on
a
disbursement
basis.
The
state
government
finances
are
based
primarily
on
the
annual
Census
Bureau
survey
of
state
finances
Census
staff
compiled
figures
from
official
records
and
reports
of
the
various
states
for
most
of
the
state
financial
data.
The
sample
of
local
governments
is
drawn
from
the
periodic
Census
of
Governments
and
consists
of
certain
local
governments
taken
with
certainty
plus
a
sample
below
the
certainty
level.
The
statistics
in
Governmental
Finances
that
are
based
wholly
or
partly
on
data
from
the
sample
are
subject
to
sampling
error.
State
government
finance
data
are
not
subject
to
sampling
error.
Estimates
of
major
United
States
totals
for
local
governments
are
subject
to
a
computed
sampling
variability
of
less
than
one­
half
of
1
percent.
The
estimates
are
also
subject
to
the
inaccuracies
in
classification,
response
and
processing
which
would
occur
if
a
complete
census
had
been
conducted
under
the
same
conditions
as
the
sample.
Further
information
can
be
obtained
from:

Governments
Division
Bureau
of
the
Census
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Washington,
DC
20233
1990
Census
of
Population
 
Education
in
the
United
States
This
report
is
based
on
a
part
of
the
decennial
census
which
consists
of
questions
asked
of
a
1­
in­
6
sample
of
persons
and
housing
units
in
the
United
States.
This
sample
was
asked
more
detailed
questions
about
income,
occupation
and
housing
costs
in
addition
to
general
demographic
information.

School
Enrollment
Persons
classified
as
enrolled
in
school
reported
attending
a
``
regular''
public
or
private
school
or
college
at
any
time
between
February
1,
1990
and
the
time
listed.
Questions
asked
were
whether
the
institution
attended
was
public
or
private,
and
level
of
school
in
which
the
student
was
enrolled.

Educational
Attainment
Data
for
educational
attainment
were
tabulated
for
persons
15
years
and
over,
and
classified
according
to
the
highest
grade
completed
or
the
highest
degree
received.
Instructions
were
also
given
to
include
the
level
of
the
previous
grade
attended
or
the
highest
degree
received
for
persons
currently
enrolled
in
school.

Poverty
Status
To
determine
poverty
status,
answers
to
income
questions
were
used
and
compared
to
the
appropriate
poverty
threshold.
All
persons
except
institutionalized
persons,
persons
in
military
group
quarters
and
in
college
dormitories,
and
unrelated
persons
under
15
years
old
were
considered.
If
total
income
of
each
family
or
unrelated
individual
in
the
sample
was
less
than
the
corresponding
cutoff,
that
family
or
individual
was
classified
as
``
below
the
poverty
level.''
Further
information
can
be
obtained
from:

Education
and
Social
Stratification
Branch
Population
Division
Bureau
of
the
Census
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Washington,
DC
20233
National
Institute
on
Drug
Abuse
The
National
Institute
on
Drug
Abuse
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
is
the
primary
supporter
of
the
long­
term
study
entitled
``
Monitoring
the
Future:
A
Continuing
Study
of
the
Life­
506
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
styles
and
Values
of
Youth,''
conducted
at
the
University
of
Michigan,
Institute
for
Social
Research.
One
component
of
the
study
deals
with
student
drug
abuse.
Results
of
a
national
sample
survey
have
been
published
annually
since
1975.
Approximately
125
to
135
schools
have
participated
each
year.
With
the
exception
of
1975
when
about
9,400
students
participated
in
the
survey,
the
annual
senior
samples
are
comprised
of
roughly
17,000
students.
They
complete
self­
administered
questionnaires
given
to
them
in
their
classrooms
by
University
of
Michigan
personnel.
Beginning
in
1991,
similar
surveys
of
nationally
representative
samples
of
8th­
and
10thgrade
students
have
been
conducted
annually.
The
10th­
grade
samples
involve
about
15,000
students
in
125
schools
each
year,
while
the
8th­
grade
samples
have
approximately
18,000
students
in
160
schools.
Over
the
years,
the
response
rate
has
varied
from
77
to
84
percent.
Table
A8
provides
examples
of
the
survey's
sampling
error.
Understandably,
there
will
be
some
reluctance
to
admit
illegal
activities.
Also,
students
who
were
out
of
school
on
the
day
of
the
survey
were
nonrespondents
The
survey
did
not
include
high
school
dropouts
The
inclusion
of
these
two
groups
would
tend
to
increase
the
proportion
of
individuals
who
had
used
drugs.
A
1983
study
found
that
the
inclusion
of
the
absentees
could
increase
some
of
the
drug
usage
estimates
by
as
much
as
2.7
percentage
points.
(
Details
on
that
study
and
its
methodology
were
published
in
Drug
Use
Among
American
High
School
Students,
College
Students,
and
Other
Young
Adults,
by
Lloyd
D.
Johnston,
Patrick
M.
O'Malley,
and
Jerald
G.
Bachman,
available
from
the
National
Clearinghouse
on
Drug
Abuse
Information,
5600
Fishers
Lane,
Rockville,
MD
20857.)
Further
information
on
this
survey
may
be
obtained
from:

National
Institute
of
Drug
Abuse
Division
of
Epidemiology
and
Statistical
Analysis
5600
Fishers
Lane
Rockville,
MD
20857
National
Science
Foundation
Survey
of
Earned
Doctorates
Awarded
in
the
United
States
The
Survey
of
Earned
Doctorates
Awarded
in
the
United
States
has
collected
basic
statistics
from
the
universe
of
doctoral
recipients
in
the
United
States
each
year
since
1958.
It
has
been
supported
by
five
federal
agencies:
the
National
Science
Foundation,
in
conjunction
with
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education;
the
National
Endowment
for
the
Humanities;
the
United
States
Department
of
Agriculture;
and
the
National
Institutes
of
Health.
A
survey
form
is
distributed,
with
the
assistance
of
graduate
deans,
to
each
person
completing
the
requirements
for
a
doctorate.
Of
the
approximately
40,000
persons
eligible
for
the
survey,
approximately
95
percent
respond.
The
questionnaire
obtains
information
on
sex,
race/
ethnicity,
marital
status,
citizenship
handicaps,
dependents,
specialty
field
of
doctorate
educational
institutions
attended,
time
spent
in
completion
of
doctorate,
financial
support,
educational
debt,
postgraduation
plans,
and
educational
attainment
of
parents.
The
data
are
collected,
edited,
and
published
by
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences.
For
further
information
contact:

Science
and
Engineering
Education
and
Human
Resources
Program
Division
of
Science
Resources
Studies
National
Science
Foundation
4201
Wilson
Boulevard
Arlington,
VA
22230
Federal
Obligations
to
Universities,
Colleges
and
Nonprofit
Institutions
Each
year,
the
National
Science
Foundation
collects
data
on
obligations
to
colleges
and
universities
from
federal
agencies.
Obligations
differ
from
expenditures
in
that
funds
obligated
during
one
fiscal
year
may
be
spent
by
the
recipient
in
later
years.
Obligation
amounts
include
direct
federal
support,
so
that
amounts
subcontracted
to
other
institutions
are
included.
Those
funds
received
through
subcontracts
from
prime
contractors
are
excluded.
Also
excluded
from
the
data
are
certain
types
of
financial
assistance
such
as
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education's
Guaranteed
Student
Loan
Program
and
obligations
to
the
U.
S.
service
academies.
For
purposes
of
tabulations
in
this
publication,
university­
administered
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDCs)
have
been
included
in
appropriate
state
totals.
The
universe
of
academic
institutions
for
this
survey
is
based
on
the
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
System
conducted
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
(
see
above).
Institutions
without
federal
support
were
excluded
and
some
systems
were
combined
into
single
reporting
units.
Further
information
on
this
survey
may
be
obtained
from
Federal
Support
to
Universities,
Colleges,
and
Nonprofit
Institutions,
published
by
the
National
Science
Foundation,
or
by
contacting:

Science
and
Engineering
Activities
Program
Division
of
Science
Resources
Studies
National
Science
Foundation
4201
Wilson
Boulevard
Arlington,
VA
22230
507
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Survey
of
Scientific
and
Engineering
Expenditures
at
Universities
and
Colleges
The
National
Science
Foundation's
annual
academic
survey
collects
data
on
research
and
development
expenditures
in
the
sciences
and
engineering
from
a
sample
of
459
institutions
in
the
United
States
and
outlying
areas.
Those
institutions
were
selected
from
the
universe
of
595
schools
that
grant
a
graduate
science
or
engineering
degree
and/
or
perform
activities
for
which
at
least
$
50,000
has
been
funded
from
separately
budgeted
R&
D
expenditures.
In
addition
the
survey
includes
19
university­
affiliated,
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDCs).
The
459
institutions
sampled
for
FY
1991
include
all
doctorate­
granting
institutions,
all
historically
black
colleges
and
universities
with
any
R&
D
expenditures,
and
a
random
sample
of
all
other
institutions.
The
response
rate
was
97
percent.
Data
presented
are
assembled
from
the
most
recently
completed
survey
and
represent
the
latest
totals
available.
Further
information
on
this
survey
may
be
obtained
from
Academic
Science/
Engineering,
R&
D
Funds,
published
by
the
National
Science
Foundation,
or
by
contacting:

Science
and
Engineering
Activities
Program
Division
of
Science
Resources
Studies
National
Science
Foundation
4201
Wilson
Boulevard
Arlington,
VA
22230
Other
Organization
Sources
American
College
Testing
Program
The
American
College
Testing
(
ACT)
Assessment
is
designed
to
measure
educational
development
in
the
areas
of
English,
mathematics,
social
studies,
and
natural
sciences.
The
ACT
Assessment
is
taken
by
college­
bound
high
school
students
and
the
test
results
are
used
to
predict
how
well
students
might
perform
in
college.
Prior
to
the
1984
 
85
school
year,
national
norms
were
based
on
a
10
percent
sample
of
the
students
taking
the
test.
Since
then,
national
norms
are
based
on
the
test
scores
of
all
students
taking
the
test.
Moreover,
beginning
with
1984
 
85,
these
norms
have
been
based
on
the
most
recent
ACT
scores
available
from
students
scheduled
to
graduate
in
the
spring
of
the
year.
Duplicate
test
records
are
no
longer
used
to
produce
national
figures.
Separate
ACT
standard
scores
are
computed
for
English,
mathematics,
social
studies,
science
reasoning
and,
as
of
October
1989,
reading.
ACT
standard
scores
are
reported
for
each
subject
area
on
a
scale
from
1
to
36.
The
four
ACT
standard
scores
have
a
mean
(
average)
of
about
19
and
a
standard
deviation
of
about
6
for
college­
bound
students
nationally.
A
composite
score
is
obtained
by
taking
the
simple
average
of
the
four
standard
scores
and
is
an
indication
of
a
student's
overall
academic
development
across
these
subject
areas.
Beginning
with
the
October
1989
test
date,
a
new
version
of
the
ACT
was
introduced.
It
should
be
noted
that
college­
bound
students
who
take
the
ACT
Assessment
are
not
representative
of
college­
bound
students
nationally.
First,
students
who
live
in
the
Midwest,
Rocky
Mountains
and
Plains,
and
the
South
are
overrepresented
among
ACT­
tested
students
as
compared
with
collegebound
students
nationally.
Second,
ACT­
tested
students
tend
to
enroll
in
public
colleges
and
universities
more
frequently
than
do
college­
bound
students
nationally.
For
further
information,
contact:

The
American
College
Testing
Program
2201
North
Dodge
Street
P.
0.
Box
168
Iowa
City,
IA
52243
American
Federation
of
Teachers
The
American
Federation
of
Teachers
(
AFT)
has
reported
national
and
state
average
salaries
and
earnings
for
teachers,
other
school
employees,
government
workers,
and
professional
employees
over
the
past
25
years.
The
AFT's
survey
of
state
departments
of
education
obtains
information
on
minimum
salaries,
experienced
teachers
reentering
the
classroom
and
teacher
age
and
experience.
Most
data
from
the
survey
are
reported
as
received,
although
some
data
are
confirmed
by
telephone.
These
data
are
available
in
the
AFT's
annual
report
Survey
and
Analysis
of
Salary
Trends.
While
this
serves
as
the
primary
vehicle
for
reporting
the
results
of
the
AFT's
annual
survey
of
state
departments
of
education,
several
other
data
sources
are
also
used
in
the
report
Further
information
on
this
survey
can
be
obtained
from:

American
Federation
of
Teachers
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20001
College
Entrance
Examination
Board
The
Admissions
Testing
Program
of
the
College
Board
comprises
a
number
of
college
admissions
tests,
including
the
Preliminary
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
(
PSAT)
and
the
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
(
SAT).
High
school
students
participate
in
the
testing
program
as
sophomores,
juniors,
or
seniors
 
some
more
than
once
during
these
3
years.
If
they
have
taken
the
tests
more
than
once,
only
the
most
508
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
recent
scores
are
tabulated.
The
PSAT
and
SAT
report
subscores
in
the
areas
of
mathematics
and
verbal
ability.
The
SAT
results
are
not
representative
of
high
school
students
or
college­
bound
students
nationally
since
the
sample
is
self­
selected.
Generally,
tests
are
taken
by
students
who
need
the
results
to
attend
a
particular
college
or
university.
The
state
totals
are
greatly
affected
by
the
requirements
of
its
state
colleges
Public
colleges
in
a
number
of
states
require
ACT
scores
rather
than
SAT
scores.
Thus,
the
proportion
of
students
taking
the
SAT
in
these
states
is
very
low
and
is
inappropriate
for
any
comparison.
In
recent
years,
more
than
1
million
high
school
students
have
taken
the
examination
annually.
Further
information
on
the
SAT
can
be
obtained
from:

College
Entrance
Examination
Board
Educational
Testing
Service
Princeton,
NJ
08541
Council
for
Aid
to
Education
The
Council
for
Aid
to
Education,
Inc.,
(
CFAE)
is
a
not­
for­
profit
corporation
funded
by
contributions
from
businesses.
CFAE
largely
provides
consulting
and
research
services
on
voluntary
support
to
corporations
and
information
services
to
education
institutions
Each
year
CFAE
conducts
a
survey
of
colleges
and
universities
and
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools
to
obtain
information
on
the
amounts,
sources,
and
purposes
of
private
gifts,
grants,
and
bequests
received
during
the
academic
year.
In
the
1991
 
92
study,
survey
forms
were
sent
to
approximately
2,900
colleges
and
universities
and
1,280
responded.
The
response
rates
were
much
higher
for
the
4­
year
colleges
than
for
the
2­
year
colleges
For
example,
89
percent
of
the
doctoral­
level
institutions
and
55
percent
of
the
comprehensive
and
general
baccalaureate
colleges
participated
in
the
survey,
but
only
12
percent
of
the
2­
year
colleges
responded
CFAE
estimates
that
about
84
percent
of
all
voluntary
support
is
reported
in
the
survey
because
of
the
high
participation
of
institutions
receiving
large
amounts
of
funding.
Survey
forms
are
reviewed
by
CFAE
for
internal
consistency
before
preparing
a
computerized
database.
Institutional
reports
of
voluntary
support
data
from
the
CFAE
``
Survey
of
Voluntary
Support
of
Education''
are
more
comprehensive
and
detailed
than
the
related
data
in
the
``
Financial
Statistics
of
Institutions
of
Higher
Education''
survey
conducted
by
NCES.
The
results
from
the
``
Survey
of
Voluntary
Support
of
Education''
are
published
in
the
annual
Voluntary
Support
of
Education,
which
may
be
purchased
from
CFAE.
Further
information
is
available
from:

Director
of
Research
Council
for
Aid
to
Education,
Inc.
51
Madison
Avenue
Suite
2200
New
York,
NY
10010
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers
The
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers
(
CCSSO)
is
a
nonprofit
organization
of
the
57
public
officials
who
head
departments
of
public
education
in
every
state,
the
outlying
areas,
the
District
of
Columbia
and
the
Department
of
Defense
Dependents
Schools.
In
1985,
the
CCSSO
founded
the
State
Education
Assessment
Center
to
provide
a
locus
of
leadership
by
the
states
to
improve
the
monitoring
and
assessment
of
education.
State
Education
Indicators
1993
is
the
principal
report
of
the
Assessment
Center's
program
of
indicators
on
education.
Most
of
the
data
are
obtained
from
a
member
questionnaire;
the
remainder
of
the
data
are
obtained
from
federal
government
agencies.
Information
on
mathematics
education
was
taken
from
CCSSO,
State
Policies
on
Science
and
Mathematics
Evaluation,
1992.
For
additional
information,
contact:

Edward
Roeber
State
Education
Assessment
Center
Council
of
Chief
State
School
Officers
One
Massachusetts
Avenue
NW
7th
Floor
Washington,
DC
20001
Council
of
State
Directors
of
Programs
for
the
Gifted
The
Council
of
State
Directors
of
Programs
for
the
Gifted
is
composed
of
the
director
or
individual
in
the
leadership
position
for
gifted
education
in
each
of
the
50
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
the
outlying
areas.
The
Council
has
conducted
many
surveys
in
the
past
and
most
recently
conducted
two
comprehensive
state
surveys
in
order
to
produce
a
profile
of
gifted
education
throughout
the
nation.
These
data
are
reported
in
the
1985,
1987,
1990,
and
1994
``
State
of
the
States
Gifted
and
Talented
Education''
reports.
This
edition
of
the
Digest
uses
data
from
the
1995
 
96
school
year.
Further
information
is
available
from:

Michael
Hall,
Executive
Director
Council
of
State
Directors
of
Programs
for
the
Gifted
c/
o
Office
of
Public
Instruction
P.
O
Box
202501
Helena,
MT
59620
 
2501
509
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Education
Commission
of
the
States
The
Education
Commission
of
the
States
(
ECS)
Clearinghouse
collects
information
on
laws
and
standards
in
the
field
of
education
and
reports
them
periodically
in
``
Clearinghouse
Notes.''
The
Commission
collects
information
about
administrators,
principals
and
teachers.
It
also
examines
policy
areas,
such
as
assessment
and
testing,
collective
bargaining
early
childhood
issues,
quality
education,
and
school
schedules.
The
information
is
collected
by
reading
state
newsletters,
tracking
state
legislation,
and
surveying
state
education
agencies.
Data
are
verified
by
the
individual
states
when
necessary.
Even
though
ECS
monitors
state
activity
on
a
continuous
basis,
it
updates
the
reports
only
when
there
is
significant
change
in
state
activity.
Further
information
is
available
from:

Shawni
Arora
Education
Commission
of
the
States
707
17th
Street,
Suite
2700
Denver,
CO
80202
 
3427
Gallup
Poll
Each
year
the
Gallup
Poll
conducts
the
``
Public
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools''
survey,
funded
by
Phi
Delta
Kappa.
The
survey
includes
interviews
with
adults
representing
the
civilian
noninstitutional
population
18
years
old
and
over.
The
sample
used
in
the
27th
annual
survey
was
made
up
of
a
total
of
1,311
respondents
and
is
described
as
a
modified
probability
sample
of
the
nation
Personal,
in­
home
interviewing
was
conducted
in
representative
communities.
The
survey
is
a
sample
survey
and
is
subject
to
sampling
error.
The
size
of
error
depends
largely
on
the
number
of
respondents
providing
data.
Table
A9
shows
the
approximate
sampling
errors
associated
with
different
percentages
and
sample
sizes
for
the
survey.
Table
A10
provides
approximate
sampling
errors
for
comparisons
of
two
sample
percentages.
For
example,
an
estimated
percentage
of
about
10
percent
based
on
the
responses
of
1,000
sample
members
has
an
approximate
sampling
error
of
2
percent
at
the
95
percent
confidence
level.
The
sampling
error
for
the
difference
in
2
percentages
(
50
percent
versus
41
percent)
based
on
2
samples
of
750
members
and
400
members,
respectively,
is
about
8
percent
at
the
95
percent
confidence
level.
Further
information
on
this
survey
can
be
obtained
from:

Neville
Robertson
Phi
Delta
Kappa
P.
O.
Box
789
Bloomington,
IN
47402
 
0789
Independent
Sector
The
Independent
Sector
has
commissioned
the
Gallup
Poll
to
conduct
a
national
survey
on
the
giving
and
volunteering
behavior
of
Americans.
This
survey
is
part
of
a
series
of
surveys
that
will
be
conducted
every
2
years.
The
1991
information
was
obtained
from
in­
home
personal
interviews
conducted
from
April
3
to
May
17,
1992,
with
a
representative
national
sample
of
2,671
adult
Americans
18
or
more
years
old.
The
sampling
procedure
did
not
include
those
with
incomes
above
$
200,000
because
they
constitute
such
a
small
percentage
of
the
population.
The
results
from
this
survey
are
published
in
Giving
and
Volunteering
in
the
United
States
and
may
be
purchased
from:

Independent
Sector
1828
L
Street
NW
Washington,
DC
20036
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement
(
IEA)

The
International
Association
for
the
Evaluation
of
Educational
Achievement,
known
as
the
IEA,
is
comprised
of
research
centers
and
scholars
from
around
the
world
whose
aim
is
to
investigate
education
problems
common
among
countries.
In
1988,
the
IEA
General
Assembly,
composed
of
the
research
institutes
participating
in
IEA
projects,
decided
to
undertake
a
study
of
reading
literacy.
The
study
held
its
first
National
Research
Coordinator
(
NRC)
meeting
in
November
1988.
The
construction
and
pilot
testing
of
instruments
was
conducted
in
the
period
from
November
1988
to
July
1990.
The
main
testing
took
place
in
the
period
October
1990
to
April
1991
depending
on
the
school
year
in
each
country.
Thirtytwo
school
systems
were
involved
in
the
IEA
Reading
Literacy
Study.
Data
were
collected
from
210,059
students,
10,518
teachers,
and
9,073
schools.
All
students
took
reading
tests
for
two
sessions
totaling
75
minutes
at
the
9­
year­
old
level
and
two
sessions
totaling
85
minutes
at
the
14­
year­
old
population.
All
students
responded
to
a
background
questionnaire
about
their
reading
at
home
and
at
school.
Teachers
and
school
principals
responded
to
questionnaires
about
themselves,
their
teaching
and
the
school
organization
Each
national
center
(
NCES
was
the
center
for
the
United
States)
completed
a
National
Case
Study
Questionnaire.
For
more
information,
contact:

Marilyn
Binkley,
NRC
USA
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics
555
New
Jersey
Avenue
NW
Washington,
DC
20208
 
5650
510
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Institute
of
International
Education
Each
year
the
Institute
of
International
Education
(
IIE)
conducts
a
survey
of
the
number
of
foreign
students
studying
in
American
colleges
and
universities
and
reports
these
data
in
Open
Doors.
All
of
the
regionally
accredited
institutions
in
the
Education
Directory
Colleges
and
Universities
published
by
NCES
are
surveyed
by
IIE.
The
data
presented
in
the
Digest
are
drawn
from
the
IIE
survey
which
requests
the
total
enrollment
of
foreign
students
in
an
institution
and
information
on
student
characteristics,
such
as
country
of
origin.
For
the
1994
 
95
survey,
2,684
out
of
2,758
(
97.3
percent)
institutions
reported
data
for
the
survey.
Additional
information
can
be
obtained
from
the
publication
Open
Doors
or
by
contacting:

Todd
M.
Davis
Institute
of
International
Education
809
United
Nations
Plaza
New
York,
NY
10017
 
3580
Metropolitan
Life
Insurance
Company
The
Metropolitan
Life
Survey
of
the
American
Teacher
for
the
Metropolitan
Life
Insurance
Company
was
conducted
by
Louis
Harris
and
Associates.
This
survey
was
designed
to
measure
the
experiences
of
new
public
school
teachers
who
began
their
first
year
of
teaching
in
the
1990
 
91
school
year.
It
includes
questions
on
their
experiences
with
students,
administrators
other
teachers,
and
parents.
There
were
three
surveys
of
this
cohort
of
new
teachers.
The
first
survey
was
conducted
during
the
summer
of
1990
to
measure
the
expectations
of
new
graduates
from
teaching
schools
immediately
prior
to
their
first
year
of
teaching
in
public
schools.
The
second
survey
compared
how
these
new
teachers'
experiences
in
their
first
year
of
teaching
affected
their
attitudes,
and
how
the
actual
experience
of
teaching
compared
with
their
prior
expectations.
The
current
survey
focuses
on
these
teachers'
experience
two
years
into
their
teaching
career.
It
includes
questions
which
allow
comparisons
on
their
attitudes
toward
teaching
now
versus
one
and
two
years
ago.
A
total
of
1,000
teachers
who
began
their
first
year
of
teaching
in
the
public
schools
in
the
1990
 
91
school
year
were
surveyed.
The
sample
was
designed
to
be
representative
of
all
new
teachers
in
the
public
schools
who
graduated
from
teaching
colleges
in
1990
and
taught
for
the
first
time
in
a
public
school
in
the
1990
 
91
school
year.
The
sample
was
drawn
from
lists
of
1990
graduates
from
a
probability
sample
of
colleges
listed
by
the
American
Association
of
Colleges
for
Teacher
Education.
Graduates
who
did
not
teach
full
time
in
public
schools
in
1990
 
91
were
excluded
from
the
sample.
The
priority
for
fielding
the
sample
was
as
follows:
first,
any
respondents
from
the
second
phase
of
the
study
(
after
the
first
year
of
teaching);
second,
any
respondents
from
the
first
phase
(
before
teaching)
who
were
not
also
included
in
the
second
phase;
finally
any
remaining
teachers
from
the
original
sample
group
who
were
not
used
in
the
first
phase.
All
interviews
were
conducted
by
telephone
in
May
and
June
1992.
For
more
information
contact:

Metropolitan
Life
Survey
of
the
American
Teacher
Louis
Harris
and
Associates
111
Fifth
Avenue
New
York,
NY
10003
National
Association
of
State
Student
Grant
and
Aid
Programs
The
National
Association
of
State
Student
Grant
and
Aid
Programs
(
NASSGAP)
is
an
association
of
states
with
general
programs
of
scholarship
or
grant
assistance
for
undergraduate
study.
Executive
officers
responsible
for
grant
program
administration
represent
each
state
in
the
Association.
The
26th
Annual
Survey
Report:
1994
 
95
Academic
Year
is
produced
by
the
New
York
State
Higher
Education
Services
Corporation,
and
data
are
reported
for
all
50
states,
the
District
of
Columbia,
and
Puerto
Rico.
For
more
information
on
this
survey,
contact:

Charles
Treadwell
New
York
State
Higher
Education
Services
Corporation
99
Washington
Avenue,
Room
1438
Albany,
NY
12255
Attention:
NASSGAP
National
Education
Association
The
National
Education
Association
(
NEA)
reports
enrollment,
expenditure,
revenue,
graduate,
teacher,
and
instructional
staff
salary
data
in
its
annual
publication
Estimates
of
School
Statistics.
Each
year
NEA
prepares
regression­
based
estimates
of
financial
and
other
education
statistics
and
submits
them
to
the
states
for
verification.
Generally
about
30
states
adjust
these
estimates
based
on
their
own
data.
These
preliminary
data
are
published
by
NEA
along
with
revised
data
from
previous
years.
States
are
asked
to
revise
previously
submitted
data
as
final
figures
become
available.
The
most
recent
publication
contains
all
changes
reported
to
the
NEA.

Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher
The
``
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher
survey
is
conducted
every
5
years
by
the
National
Education
Association
(
NEA).
The
survey
was
511
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
designed
by
the
NEA
Research
Division
and
initially
administered
in
1956.
The
intent
of
the
survey
is
to
solicit
information
covering
various
aspects
of
public
school
teachers'
professional,
family,
and
civic
lives.
Participants
for
the
survey
are
selected
using
a
two­
stage
sample
design,
with
the
first­
stage
stratum
determined
by
the
number
of
students
enrolled
in
the
districts.
Selection
probabilities
are
determined
so
that
the
resulting
sample
is
self­
weighting.
In
1990
 
91,
questionnaires
were
sent
to
a
sample
of
1,981
of
the
nation's
approximately
2,400,000
public
school
teachers.
With
an
initial
and
four
follow­
up
mailings,
1,499
questionnaires
were
returned,
of
which
145
were
not
usable.
The
sample
was
adjusted
to
1,836
to
reflect
the
145
unusable
responses.
The
response
rate
was
73.7
percent.
Possible
sources
of
nonsampling
errors
are
nonresponses
misinterpretation,
and
 
when
comparing
data
over
years
 
changes
in
the
sampling
method
and
instrument.
Misinterpretation
of
the
survey
items
should
be
minimal,
as
the
sample
responding
is
not
from
the
general
population
but
one
knowledgeable
about
the
area
of
concern.
Also,
the
sampling
procedure
changed
after
1956
and
some
wording
of
items
has
changed
over
the
different
administrations.
Since
sampling
is
used,
sampling
variability
is
inherent
in
the
data.
An
approximation
to
the
maximum
standard
error
for
estimating
the
population
percentages
is
1.4
percent
(
table
A11).
To
estimate
the
95
percent
confidence
interval
for
population
percentages
the
maximum
standard
error
of
1.4
percent
is
multiplied
by
2
(
1.4
x
2).
The
resulting
percentage
(
2.8)
is
added
and
subtracted
from
the
population
estimate
to
establish
upper
and
lower
bounds
for
the
confidence
interval.
For
example,
if
a
sample
percentage
is
60
percent,
there
is
a
95
percent
chance
that
the
population
percentage
lies
between
57.2
percent
and
62.8
percent
(
60
percent
+
2.8
percent).
Questions
concerning
the
``
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher''
survey
may
be
directed
to:

Brooke
E.
Whiting
National
Education
Association
 
Research
1201
16th
Street
NW
Washington,
DC
20036
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
The
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
publishes
analyses
of
national
policies
in
education,
training,
and
economics
in
more
than
20
countries.
The
countries
surveyed
are:
Australia,
Austria,
Belgium,
Canada,
Czech
Republic,
Denmark,
Finland,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Hungary
Iceland,
Ireland,
Italy,
Japan,
Korea,
Luxembourg
Mexico,
Netherlands,
New
Zealand,
Norway,
Poland,
Portugal,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Turkey
United
Kingdom,
and
the
United
States.
In
addition
to
these
OECD
countries,
a
number
of
other
countries
are
participating
in
the
related
World
Education
Indicators
(
WEI)
project
including:
Argentina,
Brazil,
Chile,
China,
Indonesia,
Jordan,
Malaysia,
Paraguay,
Philippines,
Russian
Federation,
Thailand,
and
Uruguay.
In
the
past
several
years,
OECD
has
revised
its
data
collection
procedures
to
highlight
current
education
issues
and
improve
data
comparability.
The
Centre
for
Educational
Research
and
Innovation
(
CERI)
has
developed
an
Indicators
of
Education
Systems
(
INES)
project
involving
representatives
of
the
OECD
countries
and
the
OECD
Secretariat
to
improve
international
education
statistics.
Large
improvements
in
data
quality
and
comparability
among
OECD
countries
have
resulted
from
the
country
to
country
interaction
sponsored
through
the
INES
and
WEI
projects.
The
most
recent
publication
in
this
series
is
Education
at
a
Glance,
OECD
Indicators,
1998.
More
complete
information
on
INES
may
be
obtained
from:

Andreas
Schleicher
INES/
OECD
2,
rue
Andre­
Pascal
75775
Paris
CEDEX
16
France
Research
Associates
Research
Associates
annually
compiles
the
Higher
Education
Price
Index
(
HEPI)
which
measures
average
changes
in
prices
of
goods
and
services
purchased
by
colleges
and
universities
through
educational
and
general
expenditures.
Sponsored
research
and
auxiliary
enterprises
are
not
priced
by
the
HEPI.
The
HEPI
is
based
on
the
prices
(
or
salaries)
of
faculty
and
of
administrators
and
other
professional
service
personnel;
clerical,
technical,
service,
and
other
nonprofessional
personnel;
and
contracted
services,
such
as
data
processing,
communication,
transportation,
supplies
and
materials,
equipment,
books
and
periodicals,
and
utilities.
These
represent
the
items
purchased
for
current
operations
by
colleges
and
universities.
Prices
for
these
items
are
obtained
from
salary
surveys
conducted
by
various
national
higher
education
associations,
the
American
Association
of
University
Professors,
the
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics,
and
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics;
and
from
components
of
the
Consumer
Price
Index
(
CPI)
and
the
Producer
Price
Index
(
PPI)
published
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Labor,
Bureau
of
Labor
Statistics.
The
quantities
of
these
goods
and
services
have
been
kept
constant
based
on
the
1971
 
72
buying
512
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
pattern
of
colleges
and
universities.
The
weights
assigned
the
various
items
priced,
which
represent
their
relative
importance
in
the
current­
fund
educational
and
general
budget,
are
estimated
national
averages.
Variance
in
spending
patterns
of
individual
institutions
from
these
national
averages
reduces
only
slightly
the
applicability
of
the
HEPI
to
any
given
institutional
situation.
Modest
differences
in
the
weights
attached
to
expenditure
categories
have
little
effect
on
overall
index
values.
This
is
because
the
HEPI
is
dominated
by
the
trend
in
faculty
salaries
and
similar
salary
trends
for
other
personnel
hired
by
institutions,
which
absorbs
or
diminishes
the
effects
of
price
changes
in
other
items
purchased
in
small
quantities.
For
more
information,
contact:

Research
Associates
Kent
Halstead
1200
North
Nash
St.,
#
225
Arlington,
VA
22209
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific,
and
Cultural
Organization
The
United
Nations
Educational,
Scientific,
and
Cultural
Organization
(
UNESCO)
conducts
annual
surveys
of
education
statistics
of
its
member
countries
Besides
official
surveys,
data
are
supplemented
by
information
obtained
by
UNESCO
through
other
publications
and
sources.
Each
year
more
than
200
countries
reply
to
the
UNESCO
surveys.
In
some
cases,
estimates
are
made
by
UNESCO
for
particular
items
such
as
world
and
continent
totals.
While
great
efforts
are
made
to
make
them
as
comparable
as
possible,
the
data
still
reflect
the
vast
differences
among
the
countries
of
the
world
in
the
structure
of
education.
While
there
is
some
agreement
about
the
reporting
of
first­
and
second­
level
data,
the
third
level
(
postsecondary
education)
presents
numerous
substantial
problems.
Some
countries
report
only
university
enrollment
while
other
countries
report
all
postsecondary,
including
vocational
and
technical
schools
and
correspondence
programs.
A
very
high
proportion
of
some
countries'
third­
level
students
attend
institutions
in
other
countries.
While
definition
problems
are
many
in
this
sort
of
study,
other
survey
problems
should
not
be
overlooked.
The
member
countries
that
provide
data
to
UNESCO
are
responsible
for
their
validity.
Thus,
data
for
particular
countries
are
subject
to
nonsampling
error
and
perhaps
sampling
error
as
well.
Some
countries
may
furnish
only
rough
estimates,
while
data
from
other
countries
may
be
very
accurate.
Other
difficulties
are
caused
by
the
varying
periodicity
of
data
collection
among
the
countries
of
the
world.
In
spite
of
such
problems,
many
researchers
use
UNESCO
data
because
they
are
the
best
available
for
such
a
large
group
of
countries
Users
should
examine
footnotes
carefully
to
recognize
some
of
the
data
limitations.
More
complete
information
may
be
obtained
from
the
Statistical
Yearbook
published
by
UNESCO
or
from:

Office
of
Statistics
UNESCO
7,
Place
de
Fontenoy
75700
Paris
France
513
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Table
A1.
 
Respondent
counts
for
selected
High
School
and
Beyond
surveys
Classification
variable
and
subgroup
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
sophomores
in
1982
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
seniors
in
1982
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
sophomores
in
1984
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
seniors
in
1984
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
sophomores
in
1986
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
seniors
in
1986
Total
respondents
(
unweighted)
......................
25,830
11,227
11,463
10,925
11,248
10,536
Sex
Male
.........................................................................
12,717
5,213
5,514
5,058
5,391
4,832
Female
.....................................................................
13,113
6,014
5,949
5,867
5,857
5,704
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................................
17,295
5,180
7,285
5,057
7,194
5,246
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.................................................
3,338
2,724
1,651
2,625
1,585
2,726
Hispanic
...................................................................
4,439
2,749
1,795
2,654
1,745
1,950
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
..........................................
413
367
425
355
413
356
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
.........................
248
191
253
185
246
200
Other
or
unclassified
................................................
97
16
54
49
65
58
Socioeconomic
status
composite
(
SES)
1
Low
..........................................................................
6,752
3,940
2,831
3,857
2,751
3,668
Low­
middle
...............................................................
6,234
2,390
2,624
2,314
2,559
2,289
High­
middle
..............................................................
6,134
2,168
2,849
2,107
2,817
1,995
High
..........................................................................
6,341
1,988
3,086
1,936
3,044
1,900
Unclassified
..............................................................
369
741
73
711
77
684
Father's
highest
level
of
education
Less
than
high
school
..............................................
5,179
 
 
 
 
 
High
school
graduate
2
............................................
11,961
 
 
 
 
 
College
graduate
3
...................................................
5,169
 
 
 
 
 
Don't
know/
missing
..................................................
3,521
 
 
 
 
 
High
school
program
(
self­
reported)
Academic
.................................................................
10,152
4,145
6,547
4,007
 
3,899
General
....................................................................
8,789
3,829
3,468
3,764
 
3,602
Vocational
................................................................
6,664
2,660
3,611
2,581
 
2,481
Unclassified
..............................................................
225
593
56
573
 
554
High
school
type
Public
.......................................................................
 
9,969
8,647
9,727
 
9,385
Catholic
....................................................................
 
964
2,479
911
 
876
Other
private
............................................................
 
294
337
287
 
275
Postsecondary
education
status
4
Full­
time
...................................................................
 
 
4,466
 
 
 
Part­
time
..................................................................
 
 
3,275
 
 
 
Never
enrolled
.........................................................
 
 
3,678
 
 
 
Missing/
unclassified
.................................................
 
 
44
 
 
 
October
1980
postsecondary
education
attendance
status
Part­
time
2­
year
public
institution
............................
 
 
 
 
 
352
Part­
time
4­
year
public
institution
............................
 
 
 
 
 
152
Full­
time
2­
year
public
institution
.............................
 
 
 
 
 
1,312
Full­
time
4­
year
public
institution
.............................
 
 
 
 
 
1,986
Full­
time
4­
year
private
institution
...........................
 
 
 
 
 
1,015
Not
a
student
...........................................................
 
 
 
 
 
4,523
Other
and
missing
...................................................
 
 
 
 
 
1,196
Postsecondary
education
plans
No
plans
...................................................................
 
 
 
 
 
1,623
Attend
vocational/
technical
school
..........................
 
 
 
 
 
1,835
Attend
college
less
than
four
years
.........................
 
 
 
 
 
1,528
Earn
bachelor's
degree
...........................................
 
 
 
 
 
2,631
Earn
advanced
degree
............................................
 
 
 
 
 
2,265
Missing
.....................................................................
 
 
 
 
 
654
Participation
in
high
school
extracurricular
activities
5
Never
participated
....................................................
 
 
 
 
 
1,024
Participated
as
a
member
.......................................
 
 
 
 
 
4,104
Participated
as
a
leader
...........................................
 
 
 
 
 
4,457
1
The
SES
index
is
a
composite
of
five
equally
weighted
measures:
father's
education,
mother's
education,
family
income,
father's
occupation,
and
presence
of
certain
items
in
the
respondent's
household.

2
Includes
attendance
at
a
vocational,
trade,
or
business
school,
or
2­
year
college;
or
attendance
at
a
4­
year
college
resulting
in
less
than
a
bachelor's
degree.

3
Includes
those
with
a
bachelor's
or
higher
level
degree.

4
Postsecondary
education
status
was
determined
by
students'
enrollment
in
academic
or
vocational
study
during
the
four
semesters
 
fall
1982,
spring
1983,
fall
1983,
and
spring
1984
 
following
their
scheduled
high
school
graduation.
Students
who
enrolled
in
full­
time
study
in
each
of
the
four
semesters
were
classified
as
full
time.
Students
who
were
enrolled
in
part­
time
study
in
any
of
the
four
semesters
and
those
who
were
enrolled
in
full­
time
study
in
fewer
than
four
semesters
were
classified
as
part
time.
Students
who
had
neither
enrolled
on
a
full­
time
nor
part­
time
basis
in
each
of
the
four
semesters
were
classified
as
never
enrolled.
5
Responses
to
questions
concerning
participation
in
each
of
15
different
extracurricular
activity
areas
(
i.
e.,
varsity
sports,
debate,
band,
subject­
matter
clubs,
etc.)
were
used
to
classify
students'
overall
level
of
participation
in
extracurricular
activities.
The
difference
between
the
sum
of
the
three
category
respondent
counts
and
the
total
sample
size
is
due
to
missing
data.
 
Data
not
available
or
not
applicable.

NOTE.
 
Data
from
students
who
dropped
out
of
school
between
the
10th
and
12th
grades
were
not
used
in
analyses
of
sophomore
samples.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
High
School
and
Beyond
surveys.
514
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Table
A2.
 
Design
effects
(
DEFF)
and
root
design
effects
(
DEFT)
for
selected
High
School
and
Beyond
surveys
and
subsamples
Classification
variable
and
subgroup
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
sophomores
in
1984
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
seniors
in
1984
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
sophomores
in
1986
Follow­
up
survey
of
1980
seniors
in
1986
Total
sample
...................................................................................................................
2.40
(
1.54)
2.87
(
1.69)
2.19
(
1.47)
2.28
(
1.50)

Sex
Male
.................................................................................................................................
 
 
2.07
(
1.43)
2.13
(
1.45)
Female
.............................................................................................................................
 
 
2.06
(
1.43)
2.26
(
1.50)

Race/
ethnicity
White
and
other
...............................................................................................................
2.06
(
1.42)
2.09
(
1.44)
1.92
(
1.38)
1.70
(
1.30)
Black
................................................................................................................................
2.22
(
1.47)
2.26
(
1.50)
2.19
(
1.47)
2.40
(
1.54)
Hispanic
...........................................................................................................................
3.15
(
1.73)
3.72
(
1.92)
3.11
(
1.76)
4.06
(
2.01)

Socioeconomic
status
composite
(
SES)
Low
..................................................................................................................................
1.91
(
1.37)
2.28
(
1.50)
1.83
(
1.35)
2.31
(
1.51)
Middle
..............................................................................................................................
1.95
(
1.39)
1.81
(
1.34)
2.06
(
1.42)
2.02
(
1.42)
High
..................................................................................................................................
2.05
(
1.42)
1.93
(
1.38)
1.92
(
1.38)
1.71
(
1.30)

 
Not
available.

NOTE.
 
The
average
design
effect
for
the
1980
sophomore
cohort
first
follow­
up
(
1982)
survey
is
3.59(
1.89)
and
the
average
design
effect
for
the
1980
senior
first
followup
(
1982)
survey
is
2.64(
1.62).
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
High
School
and
Beyond
surveys.

Table
A3.
 
Respondent
counts
for
the
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study:
1988,
1990,
and
1992
Classification
variable
and
subgroup
Base
Year,
1988
First
follow­
up,
1990
Second
follow­
up,
1992
Total
respondents
(
unweighted)
....................................................
24,599
20,706
21,188
Sex
Male
.........................................................................................................
12,241
10,462
10,713
Female
.....................................................................................................
12,358
10,244
10,475
Race/
ethnicity
White,
non­
Hispanic
.................................................................................
16,317
13,837
14,024
Black,
non­
Hispanic
.................................................................................
3,009
2,218
2,260
Hispanic
...................................................................................................
3,171
2,751
2,922
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
..........................................................................
1,527
1,302
1,406
American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
.........................................................
299
259
266
Other
or
unclassified
................................................................................
276
399
310
Socioeconomic
status
composite
(
SES)
Low
...........................................................................................................
5,934
4,556
4,395
Low­
middle
...............................................................................................
5,788
4,472
4,501
High­
middle
..............................................................................................
5,836
4,378
4,516
High
..........................................................................................................
7,030
5,262
5,437
Unclassified
..............................................................................................
11
2,038
2,339
High
school
program
(
self­
reported)
Academic
.................................................................................................
7,298
6,420
7,567
General
....................................................................................................
3,369
7,990
6,125
Vocational
................................................................................................
4,161
1,806
1,911
Unclassified
..............................................................................................
9,771
4,490
5,585
High
school
type
Public
.......................................................................................................
19,396
16,813
15,145
Catholic
....................................................................................................
2,602
1,012
934
Other
private
............................................................................................
2,601
1,602
1,530
Not
enrolled
..............................................................................................
 
1,043
2,725
Missing
.....................................................................................................
 
236
854
Postsecondary
education
plans
No
plans
...................................................................................................
2,685
2,483
2,646
Attend
vocational/
technical
school
...........................................................
2,102
2,323
2,072
Attend
college
less
than
4
years
.............................................................
3,078
3,074
2,457
Earn
bachelor's
degree
............................................................................
10,251
5,874
5,631
Earn
advanced
degree
.............................................................................
6,268
5,269
5,580
Missing
.....................................................................................................
215
1,683
2,802
School
academic
clubs
and
extracurricular
activities
Never
participated
....................................................................................
21,516
15,292
17,117
Participated
as
a
member
........................................................................
2,798
5,144
3,355
Participated
as
a
leader
...........................................................................
285
270
716
 
Not
applicable.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Education
Longitudinal
Survey.
515
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Table
A4.
 
Design
effects
(
DEFF)
and
root
design
effects
(
DEFT)
for
selected
National
Education
Longitudinal
Survey
samples
Subsample
characteristic
Base
year,
1988
First
follow­
up,
1990
Second
follow­
up,
1992
Mean
DEFF
Mean
DEFT
Mean
DEFF
Mean
DEFT
Mean
DEFF
Mean
DEFT
All
students
....................................................................................
2.54
1.56
3.802
1.912
3.668
1.881
Dropouts
.................................................................................
 
 
4.705
1.997
2.919
1.686
Sex
Male
...............................................................................................
1.98
1.39
3.456
1.817
3.094
1.729
Female
...........................................................................................
1.93
1.38
3.324
1.783
3.238
1.785
Race/
ethnicity
White
and
other
.............................................................................
2.25
1.48
3.101
1.729
3.084
1.737
Black
..............................................................................................
1.65
1.27
3.804
1.867
2.938
1.654
Hispanic
.........................................................................................
2.06
1.41
2.643
1.591
2.772
1.626
Asian/
Pacific
Islander
.....................................................................
2.00
1.40
2.758
1.609
2.511
1.562
American
Indian/
Alaskan
Native
....................................................
 
 
2.066
1.362
3.292
1.687
Socioeconomic
status
composite
(
SES)
Low
.................................................................................................
1.58
1.25
2.797
1.644
2.931
1.680
Middle
.............................................................................................
1.66
1.28
3.138
1.732
2.516
1.569
High
................................................................................................
1.84
1.34
3.576
1.817
3.849
1.921
High
school
type
Public
.............................................................................................
2.27
1.48
3.147
1.736
3.116
1.733
Catholic
..........................................................................................
2.70
1.59
2.619
1.513
2.545
1.564
Other
private
..................................................................................
8.80
1.83
6.529
2.391
6.049
2.334
Community
type
Urban
.............................................................................................
 
 
3.463
1.842
3.742
1.897
Suburban
........................................................................................
 
 
3.412
1.788
2.998
1.705
Rural
...............................................................................................
 
 
2.634
1.571
3.311
1.687
 
Data
not
available.

SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
National
Education
Longitudinal
Survey.

Table
A5.
 
Respondent
counts
of
full­
time
workers
from
the
Recent
College
Graduates
survey:
1976
to
1991
Field
of
study
Number
employed
full
time
1974
 
75
graduates
in
May
1976
1979
 
80
graduates
in
May
1981
1983
 
84
graduates
in
April
1985
1985
 
86
graduates
in
April
1987
1989
 
90
graduates
in
April
1991
Total
respondents
(
unweighted)
................................................
2,464
5,521
6,799
15,024
9,451
Professions
.............................................................................................
1,840
4,260
3,730
8,987
3,825
Arts
and
sciences
...................................................................................
514
811
2,586
4,869
2,256
Other
......................................................................................................
110
450
483
1,168
3,370
Newly
qualified
to
teach
.....................................................................
1,337
2,469
1,109
2,546
1,966
Not
newly
qualified
to
teach
...............................................................
1,127
3,052
5,690
12,478
7,485
Professions
.............................................................................................
601
1,841
2,809
7,043
2,549
Engineering
.........................................................................................
80
270
601
915
411
Business
and
management
................................................................
290
749
1,532
2,407
1,598
Health
.................................................................................................
72
252
387
3,106
281
Education
1
..........................................................................................
141
464
146
521
188
Public
affairs
and
services
.................................................................
18
106
143
94
71
Arts
and
sciences
...................................................................................
433
770
2,430
4,369
2,006
Biological
sciences
.............................................................................
83
116
243
380
179
Physical
sciences
and
mathematics
..................................................
40
103
1,062
1,782
466
Psychology
.........................................................................................
64
105
189
366
316
Social
sciences
...................................................................................
107
252
449
780
813
Humanities
..........................................................................................
139
194
487
1,061
232
Other
......................................................................................................
93
441
451
1,066
2,930
Communications
.................................................................................
7
73
240
392
217
Miscellaneous
.....................................................................................
86
368
211
674
2,713
1
Includes
those
who
had
not
finished
all
requirements
for
teaching
certification
or
were
previously
qualified
to
teach.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
Recent
College
Graduates
surveys.
516
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Table
A6.
 
Estimated
standard
errors
for
enrollment
rates
in
the
October
Current
Population
Survey:
1996
or
1997
Base
of
percentage,
in
thousands
Estimated
percentage
2
or
98
5
or
95
10
or
90
25
or
75
50
Total
or
white
persons
100
......................................................................
2.2
3.4
4.6
6.7
7.7
250
......................................................................
1.4
2.1
2.9
4.2
4.9
500
......................................................................
1.0
1.5
2.1
3.0
3.4
1,000
...................................................................
0.7
1.1
1.5
2.1
2.4
2,500
...................................................................
0.4
0.7
0.9
1.3
1.5
5,000
...................................................................
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
10,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.8
25,000
.................................................................
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
50,000
.................................................................
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
100,000
...............................................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
150,000
...............................................................
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Black
persons
75
........................................................................
2.6
4.1
5.7
8.2
9.5
100
......................................................................
2.3
3.6
4.9
7.1
8.2
250
......................................................................
1.4
2.3
3.1
4.5
5.2
500
......................................................................
1.0
1.6
2.2
3.2
3.7
1,000
...................................................................
0.7
1.1
1.6
2.2
2.6
2,500
...................................................................
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
1.6
5,000
...................................................................
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.2
10,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
15,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
20,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.6
Hispanic
persons
75
........................................................................
2.8
4.4
6.1
8.7
10.1
100
......................................................................
2.4
3.8
5.2
7.6
8.7
250
......................................................................
1.5
2.4
3.3
4.8
5.5
500
......................................................................
1.1
1.7
2.3
3.4
3.9
1,000
...................................................................
0.8
1.2
1.7
2.4
2.8
2,500
...................................................................
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.5
1.7
5,000
...................................................................
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.1
1.2
10,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.9
15,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
20,000
.................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce
Bureau
of
the
Census,
School
Enrollment:
Social
and
Economic
Characteristics
of
Students.

Table
A7.
 
Estimated
educational
attainment
rates
and
standard
errors
in
the
March
Current
Population
Survey
Estimate
Base
of
percentage
in
thousands
Standard
error
90
percent
confidence
interval
1
95
percent
confidence
interval
1
Lower
bound
Upper
bound
Lower
bound
Upper
bound
2
or
98
............................
100
2.15
0.0
5.5
0.0
6.2
100,000
0.07
1.9
2.1
1.9
2.1
10
or
90
..........................
100
4.61
2.4
17.6
1.0
19.0
100,000
0.15
9.8
10.2
9.7
10.3
50
...................................
100
7.68
37.3
62.7
34.9
65.1
100,000
0.24
49.6
50.4
49.5
50.5
1
The
confidence
interval
for
the
larger
values
can
be
found
by
taking
the
complement
of
that
shown,
e.
g.,
for
98
it
would
be
93.8
to
100
for
95
percent
confidence.
SOURCE:
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
Bureau
of
the
Census,
Educational
Attainment
in
the
United
States.

Table
A8.
 
Standard
errors
for
the
proportion
of
seniors
who
had
used
drugs
in
the
previous
12
months:
1975
to
1997
Drug
1975
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Alcohol
............................................................................................
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
Marijuana/
hashish
...........................................................................
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
Any
illicit
drug
other
than
marijuana
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
LSD
.............................................................................................
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Cocaine
.......................................................................................
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
SOURCE:
University
of
Michigan,
Survey
Research
Center,
Institute
for
Social
Research
Monitoring
the
Future
Study.
517
GUIDE
TO
SOURCES
Table
A9.
 
Sampling
errors
(
95
percent
confidence
level)
for
percentages
estimated
from
the
Gallup
Poll:
1992
and
1993
Percent
Size
of
sample
1,500
1,000
750
600
400
200
100
Recommended
allowance
for
sampling
error
of
a
percentage
Percentages
near
10
or
90
..................................................................
2
2
3
3
4
5
8
Percentages
near
20
or
80
..................................................................
3
3
4
4
5
7
10
Percentages
near
30
or
70
..................................................................
3
4
4
5
6
8
12
Percentages
near
40
or
60
..................................................................
3
4
5
5
6
9
12
Percentages
near
50
............................................................................
3
4
5
5
6
9
13
SOURCE:
Phi
Delta
Kappan,
``
The
Annual
Gallup
Poll
of
the
Public's
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools.''

Table
A10.
 
Sampling
errors
(
95
percent
confidence
level)
for
the
difference
in
2
percentages
estimated
from
the
Gallup
Poll:
1992
and
1993
Size
of
sample
Size
of
sample
1,500
1,000
750
600
400
200
Recommended
allowance
for
sampling
error
of
a
difference
in
percentages
(
percentages
near
80
or
20)

1,500
...........................................................
4
1,000
...........................................................
4
5
750
..............................................................
5
5
5
600
..............................................................
5
5
6
6
400
..............................................................
6
6
6
7
7
200
..............................................................
8
8
8
8
9
10
Recommended
allowance
for
sampling
error
of
a
difference
in
percentages
(
percentages
near
50)

1,500
...........................................................
5
1,000
...........................................................
5
6
750
..............................................................
6
6
7
600
..............................................................
6
7
7
7
400
..............................................................
7
8
8
8
9
200
..............................................................
10
10
10
10
11
13
SOURCE:
Phi
Delta
Kappan,
``
The
Annual
Gallup
Poll
of
the
Public's
Attitudes
Toward
the
Public
Schools.''

Table
A11.
 
Maximum
differences
required
for
significance
(
90
percent
confidence
level)
between
sample
subgroups
from
the
``
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher''
survey
Size
of
one
subgroup
Size
of
other
subgroup
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
100
..........................................
11.6
10.1
9.5
9.2
9.0
8.9
8.8
200
..........................................
10.1
8.2
7.5
7.1
6.9
6.7
6.6
300
..........................................
9.5
7.5
6.7
6.3
6.0
5.8
5.7
400
..........................................
9.2
7.1
6.3
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.2
500
..........................................
9.0
6.9
6.0
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.8
600
..........................................
8.9
6.7
5.8
5.3
5.0
4.7
4.6
700
..........................................
8.8
6.6
5.7
5.2
4.8
4.6
4.4
SOURCE:
National
Education
Association,
``
Status
of
the
American
Public
School
Teacher.''
(
Copyright
by
the
National
Education
Association.
All
rights
reserved.)
519
Definitions
Academic
support
This
category
of
college
expenditures
includes
expenditures
for
support
services
that
are
an
integral
part
of
the
institution's
primary
missions
of
instruction,
research,
or
public
service.
Includes
expenditures
for
libraries,
galleries,
audio/
visual
services,
academic
computing
support,
ancillary
support,
academic
administration,
personnel
development
and
course
and
curriculum
development.

Achievement
test
An
examination
that
measures
the
extent
to
which
a
person
has
acquired
certain
information
or
mastered
certain
skills,
usually
as
a
result
of
specific
instruction.

Administrative
support
staff
Includes
personnel
dealing
with
salary,
benefits,
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
the
office
of
the
principal,
full­
time
department
chairpersons,
and
graduation
expenses.

Agriculture
Courses
designed
to
improve
competencies
in
agricultural
occupations.
Included
is
the
study
of
agricultural
production,
supplies,
mechanization
and
products,
agricultural
science,
forestry,
and
related
services.

American
College
Testing
Program
(
ACT)
The
ACT
assessment
program
measures
educational
development
and
readiness
to
pursue
college­
level
coursework
in
English,
mathematics,
natural
science,
and
social
studies.
Student
performance
on
the
tests
does
not
reflect
innate
ability
and
is
influenced
by
a
student's
educational
preparedness.

Appropriation
(
federal
funds)
Budget
authority
provided
through
the
congressional
appropriation
process
that
permits
federal
agencies
to
incur
obligations
and
to
make
payments.

Appropriation
(
institutional
revenues)
An
amount
(
other
than
a
grant
or
contract)
received
from
or
made
available
to
an
institution
through
an
act
of
a
legislative
body.

Associate
degree
A
degree
granted
for
the
successful
completion
of
a
sub­
baccalaureate
program
of
studies,
usually
requiring
at
least
2
years
(
or
equivalent)
of
full­
time
college­
level
study.
This
includes
degrees
granted
in
a
cooperative
or
workstudy
program.

Auxiliary
enterprises
This
category
includes
those
essentially
self­
supporting
operations
which
exist
to
furnish
a
service
to
students,
faculty,
or
staff,
and
which
charge
a
fee
that
is
directly
related
to,
although
not
necessarily
equal
to,
the
cost
of
the
service
Examples
are
residence
halls,
food
services,
college
stores,
and
intercollegiate
athletics.

Average
daily
attendance
(
ADA)
The
aggregate
attendance
of
a
school
during
a
reporting
period
(
normally
a
school
year)
divided
by
the
number
of
days
school
is
in
session
during
this
period.
Only
days
on
which
the
pupils
are
under
the
guidance
and
direction
of
teachers
should
be
considered
days
in
session.

Average
daily
membership
(
ADM)
The
aggregate
membership
of
a
school
during
a
reporting
period
(
normally
a
school
year)
divided
by
the
number
of
days
school
is
in
session
during
this
period.
Only
days
on
which
the
pupils
are
under
the
guidance
and
direction
of
teachers
should
be
considered
as
days
in
session.
The
average
daily
membership
for
groups
of
schools
having
varying
lengths
of
terms
is
the
average
of
the
average
daily
memberships
obtained
for
the
individual
schools.

Bachelor's
degree
A
degree
granted
for
the
successful
completion
of
a
baccalaureate
program
of
studies,
usually
requiring
at
least
4
years
(
or
equivalent
of
full­
time
college­
level
study.
This
includes
degrees
granted
in
a
cooperative
or
work­
study
program

Books
Non­
periodical
printed
publications
bound
in
hard
or
soft
covers,
or
in
loose­
leaf
format,
of
at
least
49
pages,
exclusive
of
the
cover
pages;
juvenile
nonperiodical
publications
of
any
length
found
in
hard
or
soft
covers.

Budget
authority
(
BA)
Authority
provided
by
law
to
enter
into
obligations
that
will
result
in
immediate
or
future
outlays.
It
may
be
classified
by
the
period
of
availability
(
1­
year,
multiple­
year,
no­
year),
by
the
timing
of
congressional
action
(
current
or
permanent
or
by
the
manner
of
determining
the
amount
available
(
definite
or
indefinite).

Business
Program
of
instruction
that
prepares
individuals
for
a
variety
of
activities
in
planning,
organizing
directing,
and
controlling
business
office
systems
and
procedures.
520
DEFINITIONS
Capital
outlay
Funds
for
the
acquisition
of
land
and
buildings;
building
construction,
remodeling,
and
additions;
the
initial
installation
or
extension
of
service
systems
and
other
built­
in
equipment;
and
site
improvement.
The
category
also
encompasses
architectural
and
engineering
services
including
the
development
of
blueprints.

Carnegie
unit
A
standard
of
measurement
that
represents
one
credit
for
the
completion
of
a
1­
year
course.

Catholic
school
A
private
school
over
which
a
Roman
Catholic
church
group
exercises
some
control
or
provides
some
form
of
subsidy.
Catholic
schools
for
the
most
part
include
those
operated
or
supported
by:
a
parish,
a
group
of
parishes,
a
diocese
or
a
Catholic
religious
order.

Central
cities
The
largest
cities,
with
50,000
or
more
inhabitants,
in
a
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area
(
MSA).
A
smaller
city
within
a
MSA
may
also
qualify
if
it
has
at
least
25,000
inhabitants
or
has
a
population
of
one­
third
or
more
of
that
of
the
largest
city
and
a
minimum
population
of
25,000.
An
exception
occurs
where
two
cities
have
contiguous
boundaries
and
constitute,
for
economic
and
social
purposes,
a
single
community
of
at
least
50,000,
the
smaller
of
which
must
have
a
population
of
at
least
15,000.

Class
size
The
membership
of
a
class
at
a
given
date.

Classroom
teacher
A
staff
member
assigned
the
professional
activities
of
instructing
pupils
in
self­
contained
classes
or
courses,
or
in
classroom
situations.
Usually
expressed
in
full­
time
equivalents.

Cohort
A
group
of
individuals
that
have
a
statistical
factor
in
common,
for
example,
year
of
birth.

College
A
postsecondary
school
which
offers
general
or
liberal
arts
education,
usually
leading
to
an
associate,
bachelor's,
master's,
doctor's,
or
first­
professional
degree.
Junior
colleges
and
community
colleges
are
included
under
this
terminology.

Combined
elementary
and
secondary
school
A
school
which
encompasses
instruction
at
both
the
elementary
and
the
secondary
levels.
Includes
schools
starting
with
grade
6
or
below
and
ending
with
grade
9
or
above.

Computer
science
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
describes
computer
and
information
sciences,
including
computer
programming,
data
processing,
and
information
systems.

Constant
dollars
Dollar
amounts
that
have
been
adjusted
by
means
of
price
and
cost
indexes
to
eliminate
inflationary
factors
and
allow
direct
comparison
across
years.

Consumer,
personal,
and
miscellaneous
services
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
describes
the
fundamental
skills
a
person
is
normally
thought
to
need
in
order
to
function
productively
in
society.
Some
examples
are
child
development,
consumer
education,
and
family
relations.

Consumer
Price
Index
(
CPI)
This
price
index
measures
the
average
change
in
the
cost
of
a
fixed
market
basket
of
goods
and
services
purchased
by
consumers.

Consumption
That
portion
of
income
which
is
spent
on
the
purchase
of
goods
and
services
rather
than
being
saved.

Control
of
institutions
A
classification
of
institutions
of
elementary/
secondary
or
higher
education
by
whether
the
institution
is
operated
by
publicly
elected
or
appointed
officials
(
public
control)
or
by
privately
elected
or
appointed
officials
and
derives
its
major
source
of
funds
from
private
sources
(
private
control

Credit
The
unit
of
value,
awarded
for
the
successful
completion
of
certain
courses,
intended
to
indicate
the
quantity
of
course
instruction
in
relation
to
the
total
requirements
for
a
diploma,
certificate,
or
degree
Credits
are
frequently
expressed
in
terms
such
as
``
Carnegie
units,''
``
semester
credit
hours,''
and
``
quarter
credit
hours.''

Current
dollars
Dollar
amounts
that
have
not
been
adjusted
to
compensate
for
inflation.

Current
expenditures
(
elementary/
secondary)
The
expenditures
for
operating
local
public
schools,
excluding
capital
outlay
and
interest
on
school
debt.
These
expenditures
include
such
items
as
salaries
for
school
personnel,
fixed
charges,
student
transportation
school
books
and
materials,
and
energy
costs.
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
expenditures
for
state
administration
are
excluded.

Current
expenditures
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
Current
expenditures
for
the
regular
school
term
divided
by
the
average
daily
attendance
of
full­
time
pupils
(
or
full­
time
equivalency
of
pupils)
during
the
term.
See
also
Current
expenditures
and
Average
daily
attendance.

Current­
fund
expenditures
(
higher
education)
Money
spent
to
meet
current
operating
costs,
including
salaries,
wages,
utilities,
student
services,
public
services,
research
libraries,
scholarships
and
fellowships
auxiliary
enterprises,
hospitals,
and
independ­
521
DEFINITIONS
ent
operations.
Excludes
loans,
capital
expenditures,
and
investments.

Current­
fund
revenues
(
higher
education)
Money
received
during
the
current
fiscal
year
from
revenue
which
can
be
used
to
pay
obligations
currently
due,
and
surpluses
reappropriated
for
the
current
fiscal
year.

Current
Population
Survey
See
Guide
to
Sources.

Degree­
granting
institutions
postsecondary
institutions
that
are
eligible
for
Title
IV
federal
financial
aid
programs
and
that
grant
an
associate's
or
higher
degree.
For
an
institution
to
be
eligible
to
participate
in
Title
IV
financial
aid
programs
it
must
offer
a
program
of
at
least
300
clock
hours
in
length,
have
accreditation
recognized
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Education,
have
been
in
business
for
at
least
2
years,
and
have
signed
a
participation
agreement
with
the
Department.

Disposable
personal
income
Current
income
received
by
persons
less
their
contributions
for
social
insurance,
personal
tax,
and
nontax
payments.
It
is
the
income
available
to
persons
for
spending
and
saving.
Nontax
payments
include
passport
fees,
fines
and
penalties,
donations,
and
tuitions
and
fees
paid
to
schools
and
hospitals
operated
mainly
by
the
government
See
also
Personal
income.

Doctor's
degree
An
earned
degree
carrying
the
title
of
Doctor.
The
Doctor
of
Philosophy
degree
(
Ph.
D.)
is
the
highest
academic
degree
and
requires
mastery
within
a
field
of
knowledge
and
demonstrated
ability
to
perform
scholarly
research.
Other
doctorates
are
awarded
for
fulfilling
specialized
requirements
in
professional
fields,
such
as
education
(
Ed.
D.),
musical
arts
(
D.
M.
A.),
business
administration
(
D.
B.
A.),
and
engineering
(
D.
Eng.
or
D.
E.
S.).
Many
doctor's
degrees
in
academic
and
professional
fields
require
an
earned
master's
degree
as
a
prerequisite
First­
professional
degrees,
such
as
M.
D.
and
D.
D.
S.,
are
not
included
under
this
heading.

Educational
and
general
expenditures
The
sum
of
current
funds
expenditures
on
instruction,
research
public
service,
academic
support,
student
services,
institutional
support,
operation
and
maintenance
of
plant,
and
awards
from
restricted
and
unrestricted
funds.

Educational
attainment
The
highest
grade
of
regular
school
attended
and
completed.

Elementary
education/
programs
Learning
experiences
concerned
with
the
knowledge,
skills,
appreciations
attitudes,
and
behavioral
characteristics
which
are
considered
to
be
needed
by
all
pupils
in
terms
of
their
awareness
of
life
within
our
culture
and
the
world
of
work,
and
which
normally
may
be
achieved
during
the
elementary
school
years
(
usually
kindergarten
through
grade
8
or
kindergarten
through
grade
6),
as
defined
by
applicable
state
laws
and
regulations.

Elementary
school
A
school
classified
as
elementary
by
state
and
local
practice
and
composed
of
any
span
of
grades
not
above
grade
8.
A
preschool
or
kindergarten
school
is
included
under
this
heading
only
if
it
is
an
integral
part
of
an
elementary
school
or
a
regularly
established
school
system.

Elementary/
secondary
school
As
reported
in
this
publication,
includes
only
regular
schools
(
i.
e.,
schools
that
are
part
of
state
and
local
school
systems
and
also
most
not­
for­
profit
private
elementary/
secondary
schools,
both
religiously
affiliated
and
nonsectarian).
Schools
not
reported
include
subcollegiate
departments
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
residential
schools
for
exceptional
children,
federal
schools
for
American
Indians,
and
federal
schools
on
military
posts
and
other
federal
installations.

Employment
Includes
civilian,
noninstitutional
persons
who:
(
1)
worked
during
any
part
of
the
survey
week
as
paid
employees;
worked
in
their
own
business
profession,
or
farm;
or
worked
15
hours
or
more
as
unpaid
workers
in
a
family­
owned
enterprise
or
(
2)
were
not
working
but
had
jobs
or
businesses
from
which
they
were
temporarily
absent
due
to
illness,
bad
weather,
vacation,
labor­
management
dispute,
or
personal
reasons
whether
or
not
they
were
seeking
another
job.

Endowment
A
trust
fund
set
aside
to
provide
a
perpetual
source
of
revenue
from
the
proceeds
of
the
endowment
investments.
Endowment
funds
are
often
created
by
donations
from
benefactors
of
an
institution
who
may
designate
the
use
of
the
endowment
revenue.
Normally,
institutions
or
their
representatives
manage
the
investments,
but
they
are
not
permitted
to
spend
the
endowment
fund
itself,
only
the
proceeds
from
the
investments.
Typical
uses
of
endowments
would
be
an
endowed
chair
for
a
particular
department
or
for
a
scholarship
fund.
Endowment
totals
tabulated
in
this
book
also
include
funds
functioning
as
endowments,
such
as
funds
left
over
from
the
previous
year
and
placed
with
the
endowment
investments
by
the
institution.
These
funds
may
be
withdrawn
by
the
institution
and
spent
as
current
funds
at
any
time.
Endowments
are
evaluated
by
two
different
measures,
book
value
and
market
value.
Book
value
is
the
purchase
price
of
the
endowment
investment.
Market
value
is
the
current
worth
of
the
endowment
investment.
Thus,
the
book
value
of
a
stock
held
in
an
endowment
fund
would
be
the
pur­
522
DEFINITIONS
chase
price
of
the
stock.
The
market
value
of
the
stock
would
be
its
selling
price
as
of
a
given
day.

Engineering
Instructional
programs
that
describe
the
mathematical
and
natural
science
knowledge
gained
by
study,
experience,
and
practice
and
applied
with
judgment
to
develop
ways
to
utilize
the
materials
and
forces
of
nature
economically
for
the
benefit
of
mankind.
Include
programs
that
prepare
individuals
to
support
and
assist
engineers
and
similar
professionals.

English
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
describes
the
English
language
arts,
including
composition
creative
writing,
and
the
study
of
literature.

Enrollment
The
total
number
of
students
registered
in
a
given
school
unit
at
a
given
time,
generally
in
the
fall
of
a
year.

Expenditures
Charges
incurred,
whether
paid
or
unpaid,
which
are
presumed
to
benefit
the
current
fiscal
year.
For
elementary/
secondary
schools,
these
include
all
charges
for
current
outlays
plus
capital
outlays
and
interest
on
school
debt.
For
institutions
of
higher
education,
these
include
current
outlays
plus
capital
outlays.
For
government,
these
include
charges
net
of
recoveries
and
other
correcting
transactions
other
than
for
retirement
of
debt,
investment
in
securities,
extension
of
credit,
or
as
agency
transactions
Government
expenditures
include
only
external
transactions,
such
as
the
provision
of
perquisites
or
other
payments
in
kind.
Aggregates
for
groups
of
governments
exclude
intergovernmental
transactions
among
the
governments.

Expenditures
per
pupil
Charges
incurred
for
a
particular
period
of
time
divided
by
a
student
unit
of
measure,
such
as
average
daily
attendance
or
average
daily
membership.

Extracurricular
activities
Activities
that
are
not
part
of
the
required
curriculum
and
that
take
place
outside
of
the
regular
course
of
study.
As
used
here,
they
include
both
school­
sponsored
(
e.
g.,
varsity
athletics
drama
and
debate
clubs)
and
communitysponsored
(
e.
g.,
hobby
clubs
and
youth
organizations
like
the
Junior
Chamber
of
Commerce
or
Boy
Scouts)
activities.

Family
A
group
of
two
persons
or
more
(
one
of
whom
is
the
householder)
related
by
birth,
marriage,
or
adoption
and
residing
together.
All
such
persons
(
including
related
subfamily
members)
are
considered
as
members
of
one
family.

Federal
funds
Amounts
collected
and
used
by
the
federal
government
for
the
general
purposes
of
the
government.
There
are
four
types
of
federal
fund
accounts
the
general
fund,
special
funds,
public
enterprise
funds,
and
intragovernmental
funds.
The
major
federal
fund
is
the
general
fund,
which
is
derived
from
general
taxes
and
borrowing.
Federal
funds
also
include
certain
earmarked
collections,
such
as
those
generated
by
and
used
to
finance
a
continuing
cycle
of
business­
type
operations.

Federal
sources
Includes
federal
appropriations,
grants,
and
contracts,
and
federally­
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDCs).
Federally
subsidized
student
loans
and
Pell
Grants
are
not
included

First­
professional
degree
A
degree
that
signifies
both
completion
of
the
academic
requirements
for
beginning
practice
in
a
given
profession
and
a
level
of
professional
skill
beyond
that
normally
required
for
a
bachelor's
degree.
This
degree
usually
is
based
on
a
program
requiring
at
least
2
academic
years
of
work
prior
to
entrance
and
a
total
of
at
least
6
academic
years
of
work
to
complete
the
degree
program
including
both
prior­
required
college
work
and
the
professional
program
itself.
By
NCES
definition,
first­
professional
degrees
are
awarded
in
the
fields
of
dentistry
(
D.
D.
S.
or
D.
M.
D.),
medicine
(
M.
D.),
optometry
(
O.
D.),
osteopathic
medicine
(
D.
O.),
pharmacy
(
D.
Phar.),
podiatric
medicine
(
D.
P.
M.),
veterinary
medicine
(
D.
V.
M.),
chiropractic
(
D.
C.
or
D.
C.
M.),
law
(
J.
D.),
and
theological
professions
(
M.
Div.
or
M.
H.
L.).

First­
professional
enrollment
The
number
of
students
enrolled
in
a
professional
school
or
program
which
requires
at
least
2
years
of
academic
college
work
for
entrance
and
a
total
of
at
least
6
years
for
a
degree.
By
NCES
definition,
first­
professional
enrollment
includes
only
students
in
certain
programs.
(
See
First­
professional
degree
for
a
list
of
programs.)

Fiscal
year
The
yearly
accounting
period
for
the
federal
government,
which
begins
on
October
1
and
ends
on
the
following
September
30.
The
fiscal
year
is
designated
by
the
calendar
year
in
which
it
ends;
e.
g.,
fiscal
year
1988
begins
on
October
1,
1987,
and
ends
on
September
30,
1988.
(
From
fiscal
year
1844
to
fiscal
year
1976,
the
fiscal
year
began
on
July
1
and
ended
on
the
following
June
30.)

Foreign
languages
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
describes
the
structure
and
use
of
language
that
is
common
or
indigenous
to
people
of
the
same
community
or
nation,
the
same
geographical
area,
or
the
same
cultural
traditions.
Programs
cover
such
features
as
sound,
literature,
syntax,
phonology,
semantics,
sentences,
prose,
and
verse,
as
well
as
the
development
of
skills
and
attitudes
used
in
communicating
and
evaluating
thoughts
and
feelings
through
oral
and
written
language.
523
DEFINITIONS
Full­
time
enrollment
The
number
of
students
enrolled
in
higher
education
courses
with
total
credit
load
equal
to
at
least
75
percent
of
the
normal
fulltime
course
load.

Full­
time­
equivalent
(
FTE)
enrollment
For
institutions
of
higher
education,
enrollment
of
full­
time
students
plus
the
full­
time
equivalent
of
part­
time
students
The
full­
time
equivalent
of
the
part­
time
students
is
estimated
using
different
factors
depending
on
the
type
and
control
of
institution
and
level
of
student

Full­
time
instructional
faculty
Those
members
of
the
instruction/
research
staff
who
are
employed
full
time
as
defined
by
the
institution,
including
faculty
with
released
time
for
research
and
faculty
on
sabbatical
leave.
Full
time
counts
exclude
faculty
who
are
employed
to
teach
less
than
two
semesters,
three
quarters,
two
trimesters,
or
two
4­
month
sessions
replacements
for
faculty
on
sabbatical
leave
or
those
on
leave
without
pay;
faculty
for
preclinical
and
clinical
medicine;
faculty
who
are
donating
their
services
faculty
who
are
members
of
military
organizations
and
paid
on
a
different
pay
scale
from
civilian
employees;
academic
officers,
whose
primary
duties
are
administrative;
and
graduate
students
who
assist
in
the
instruction
of
courses.

Full­
time
worker
In
educational
institutions,
an
employee
whose
position
requires
being
on
the
job
on
school
days
throughout
the
school
year
at
least
the
number
of
hours
the
schools
are
in
session.
For
higher
education,
a
member
of
an
educational
institution's
staff
who
is
employed
full
time.

General
administration
support
services
Includes
salary,
benefits,
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
boards
of
education
staff
and
executive
administration
Excludes
state
administration.

General
Educational
Development
(
GED)
program
Academic
instruction
to
prepare
persons
to
take
the
high
school
equivalency
examination.
See
GED
recipient

GED
recipient
A
person
who
has
obtained
certification
of
high
school
equivalency
by
meeting
state
requirements
and
passing
an
approved
exam,
which
is
intended
to
provide
an
appraisal
of
the
person's
achievement
or
performance
in
the
broad
subject
matter
areas
usually
required
for
high
school
graduation

General
program
A
program
of
studies
designed
to
prepare
students
for
the
common
activities
of
a
citizen
family
member,
and
worker.
A
general
program
of
studies
may
include
instruction
in
both
academic
and
vocational
areas.

Geographic
region
(
1)
One
of
four
regions
used
by
the
Bureau
of
Economic
Analysis
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce,
the
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
and
the
National
Education
Association,
as
follows:
(
The
National
Education
Association
designated
the
Central
region
as
Middle
region
in
its
classification.)

Northeast
Southeast
Connecticut
Alabama
Delaware
Arkansas
District
of
Columbia
Florida
Maine
Georgia
Maryland
Kentucky
Massachusetts
Louisiana
New
Hampshire
Mississippi
New
Jersey
North
Carolina
New
York
South
Carolina
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Rhode
Island
Virginia
Vermont
West
Virginia
Central
(
Middle)
West
Illinois
Alaska
Indiana
Arizona
Iowa
California
Kansas
Colorado
Michigan
Hawaii
Minnesota
Idaho
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
North
Dakota
New
Mexico
Ohio
Oklahoma
South
Dakota
Oregon
Wisconsin
Texas
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
(
2)
One
of
the
regions
or
divisions
used
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
in
Current
Population
Survey
tabulations,
as
follows:

Northeast
Midwest
(
New
England)
(
East
North
Central)
Maine
Ohio
New
Hampshire
Indiana
Vermont
Illinois
Massachusetts
Michigan
Rhode
Island
Wisconsin
Connecticut
524
DEFINITIONS
(
Middle
Atlantic)
(
West
North
Central)
New
York
Minnesota
New
Jersey
Iowa
Pennsylvania
Missouri
North
Dakota
South
Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South
West
(
South
Atlantic)
(
Mountain)
Delaware
Montana
Maryland
Idaho
District
of
Columbia
Wyoming
Virginia
Colorado
West
Virginia
New
Mexico
North
Carolina
Arizona
South
Carolina
Utah
Georgia
Nevada
Florida
(
East
South
Central)
(
Pacific)
Kentucky
Washington
Tennessee
Oregon
Alabama
California
Mississippi
Alaska
Hawaii
(
West
South
Central)
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Government
appropriation
An
amount
(
other
than
a
grant
or
contract)
received
from
or
made
available
to
an
institution
through
an
act
of
a
legislative
body.

Government
grant
or
contract
Revenues
from
a
government
agency
for
a
specific
research
project
or
other
program.

Graduate
An
individual
who
has
received
formal
recognition
for
the
successful
completion
of
a
prescribed
program
of
studies.

Graduate
enrollment
The
number
of
students
who
hold
the
bachelor's
or
first­
professional
degree,
or
the
equivalent,
and
who
are
working
towards
a
master's
or
doctor's
degree.
First­
professional
students
are
counted
separately.
These
enrollment
data
measure
those
students
who
are
registered
at
a
particular
time
during
the
fall.
At
some
institutions,
graduate
enrollment
also
includes
students
who
are
in
postbaccalaureate
classes
but
not
in
degree
programs
In
specified
tables,
graduate
enrollment
includes
all
students
in
regular
graduate
programs
and
all
students
in
postbaccalaureate
classes
but
not
in
degree
programs
(
unclassified
postbaccalaureate
students).
Graduate
Record
Examination
(
GRE)
Multiplechoice
examinations
administered
by
the
Educational
Testing
Service
and
taken
by
college
students
who
are
intending
to
attend
certain
graduate
schools.
The
tests
are
offered
in
a
variety
of
subject
areas.
Ordinarily
a
student
will
take
only
the
exam
that
applies
to
the
intended
field
of
study.

Graduation
Formal
recognition
given
an
individual
for
the
successful
completion
of
a
prescribed
program
of
studies.

Gross
domestic
product
(
GDP)
The
total
national
output
of
goods
and
services
valued
at
market
prices.
GDP
can
be
viewed
in
terms
of
expenditure
categories
which
include
purchases
of
goods
and
services
by
consumers
and
government,
gross
private
domestic
investment,
and
net
exports
of
goods
and
services.
The
goods
and
services
included
are
largely
those
bought
for
final
use
(
excluding
illegal
transactions)
in
the
market
economy.
A
number
of
inclusions
however,
represent
imputed
values,
the
most
important
of
which
is
rental
value
of
owner­
occupied
housing.
GDP,
in
this
broad
context,
measures
the
output
attributable
to
the
factors
of
production
 
labor
and
property
 
supplied
by
U.
S.
residents.

Handicapped
Those
children
evaluated
as
having
any
of
the
following
impairments,
who
because
of
these
impairments
need
special
education
and
related
services.
(
These
definitions
apply
specifically
to
data
from
the
U.
S.
Office
of
Special
Education
and
Rehabilitative
Services
presented
in
this
publication.)

Deaf
Having
a
hearing
impairment
which
is
so
severe
that
the
student
is
impaired
in
processing
linguistic
information
through
hearing
(
with
or
without
amplification)
and
which
adversely
affects
educational
performance.

Deaf­
blind
Having
concomitant
hearing
and
visual
impairments
which
cause
such
severe
communication
and
other
developmental
and
educational
problems
that
the
student
cannot
be
accommodated
in
special
education
programs
solely
for
deaf
or
blind
students.

Hard
of
hearing
Having
a
hearing
impairment,
whether
permanent
or
fluctuating,
which
adversely
affects
the
student's
educational
performance,
but
which
is
not
included
under
the
definition
of
``
deaf''
in
this
section.

Mentally
retarded
Having
significantly
subaverage
general
intellectual
functioning,
existing
concurrently
with
defects
in
adaptive
behavior
and
manifested
during
the
developmental
period,
which
adversely
affects
the
child's
educational
performance.

Multihandicapped
Having
concomitant
impairments
(
such
as
mentally
retarded­
blind,
mentally
525
DEFINITIONS
retarded­
orthopedically
impaired,
etc.),
the
combination
of
which
causes
such
severe
educational
problems
that
the
student
cannot
be
accommodated
in
special
education
programs
solely
for
one
of
the
impairments.
Term
does
not
include
deafblind
students
but
does
include
those
students
who
are
severely
or
profoundly
mentally
retarded.

Orthopedically
impaired
Having
a
severe
orthopedic
impairment
which
adversely
affects
a
student's
educational
performance.
The
term
includes
impairment
resulting
from
congenital
anomaly,
disease
or
other
causes.

Other
health
impaired
Having
limited
strength,
vitality,
or
alertness
due
to
chronic
or
acute
health
problems
such
as
a
heart
condition,
tuberculosis,
rheumatic
fever,
nephritis,
asthma,
sickle
cell
anemia
hemophilia,
epilepsy,
lead
poisoning,
leukemia
or
diabetes
which
adversely
affects
the
student's
educational
performance.

Seriously
emotionally
disturbed
Exhibiting
one
or
more
of
the
following
characteristics
over
a
long
period
of
time,
to
a
marked
degree,
and
adversely
affecting
educational
performance:
an
inability
to
learn
which
cannot
be
explained
by
intellectual,
sensory,
or
health
factors;
an
inability
to
build
or
maintain
satisfactory
interpersonal
relationships
with
peers
and
teachers;
inappropriate
types
of
behavior
or
feelings
under
normal
circumstances;
a
general
pervasive
mood
of
unhappiness
or
depression
or
a
tendency
to
develop
physical
symptoms
or
fears
associated
with
personal
or
school
problems
This
term
does
not
include
children
who
are
socially
maladjusted,
unless
they
also
display
one
or
more
of
the
listed
characteristics.

Specific
learning
disabled
Having
a
disorder
in
one
or
more
of
the
basic
psychological
processes
involved
in
understanding
or
in
using
spoken
or
written
language,
which
may
manifest
itself
in
an
imperfect
ability
to
listen,
think,
speak,
read,
write,
spell,
or
do
mathematical
calculations.
The
term
includes
such
conditions
as
perceptual
handicaps,
brain
injury,
minimal
brain
dysfunction,
dyslexia,
and
developmental
aphasia.
The
term
does
not
include
children
who
have
learning
problems
which
are
primarily
the
result
of
visual,
hearing,
or
environmental
cultural,
or
economic
disadvantage.

Speech
impaired
Having
a
communication
disorder
such
as
stuttering,
impaired
articulation,
language
impairment,
or
voice
impairment,
which
adversely
affects
the
student's
educational
performance

Visually
handicapped
Having
a
visual
impairment
which,
even
with
correction,
adversely
affects
the
student's
educational
performance.
The
term
includes
partially
seeing
and
blind
children.

Higher
education
Study
beyond
secondary
school
at
an
institution
that
offers
programs
terminating
in
an
associate,
baccalaureate,
or
higher
degree.

Higher
education
institutions
(
alternative
classification

Doctoral­
granting
Characterized
by
a
significant
level
and
breadth
of
activity
in
commitment
to
doctoral
level
education
as
measured
by
the
number
of
doctorate
recipients
and
the
diversity
in
doctorallevel
program
offerings.

Comprehensive
Characterized
by
diverse
postbaccalaureate
programs
(
including
first­
professional
but
not
engaged
in
significant
doctoral­
level
education.

General
baccalaureate
Characterized
by
primary
emphasis
on
general
undergraduate,
baccalaureate
level
education.
Not
significantly
engaged
in
postbaccalaureate
education.

Specialized
Baccalaureate
or
postbaccalaureate
institution
emphasizing
one
area
(
plus
closely
related
specialties),
such
as
business
or
engineering.
The
programmatic
emphasis
is
measured
by
the
percentage
of
degrees
granted
in
the
program
area.

2­
year
Conferring
at
least
75
percent
of
its
degrees
and
awards
for
work
below
the
bachelor's
level.

New
These
institutions,
though
not
necessarily
newly
organized,
are
new
additions
to
the
Integrated
Postsecondary
Education
Data
survey
universe
When
degree
and
award
data
become
available,
they
will
be
reclassified.

Non­
degree­
granting
Offering
undergraduate
or
graduate
study
but
not
conferring
degrees
or
awards.
In
this
volume,
these
institutions
are
included
under
Specialized.

Higher
education
institutions
(
traditional
classification

4­
year
institution
An
institution
legally
authorized
to
offer
and
offering
at
least
a
4­
year
program
of
college­
level
studies
wholly
or
principally
creditable
toward
a
baccalaureate
degree.
In
some
tables
a
further
division
between
universities
and
other
4­
year
institutions
is
made.
A
``
university''
is
a
postsecondary
institution
which
typically
comprises
one
or
more
graduate
professional
schools
(
also
see
University).
For
purposes
of
trend
com­
526
DEFINITIONS
parisons
in
this
volume,
the
selection
of
universities
has
been
held
constant
for
all
tabulations
after
1982.
``
Other
4­
year
institutions''
would
include
the
rest
of
the
nonuniversity
4­
year
institutions

2­
year
institution
An
institution
legally
authorized
to
offer
and
offering
at
least
a
2­
year
program
of
college­
level
studies
which
terminates
in
an
associate
degree
or
is
principally
creditable
toward
a
baccalaureate
degree.
Also
includes
some
institutions
that
have
a
less
than
2­
year
program,
but
were
designated
as
institutions
of
higher
education
in
the
Higher
Education
General
Information
Survey

Higher
Education
Price
Index
A
price
index
which
measures
average
changes
in
the
prices
of
goods
and
services
purchased
by
colleges
and
universities
through
current­
fund
education
and
general
expenditures
(
excluding
expenditures
for
sponsored
research
and
auxiliary
enterprises).

High
school
A
secondary
school
offering
the
final
years
of
high
school
work
necessary
for
graduation,
usually
including
grades
10,
11,
12
(
in
a
6
 
3
 
3
plan)
or
grades
9,
10,
11,
and
12
(
in
a
6
 
2
 
4
plan).

High
school
program
A
program
of
studies
designed
to
prepare
students
for
their
postsecondary
education
and
occupation.
Three
types
of
programs
are
usually
distinguished
 
academic,
vocational,
and
general.
An
academic
program
is
designed
to
prepare
students
for
continued
study
at
a
college
or
university
A
vocational
program
is
designed
to
prepare
students
for
employment
in
one
or
more
semiskilled,
skilled,
or
technical
occupations.
A
general
program
is
designed
to
provide
students
with
the
understanding
and
competence
to
function
effectively
in
a
free
society
and
usually
represents
a
mixture
of
academic
and
vocational
components.

Historically
black
colleges
and
universities
Accredited
institutions
of
higher
education
established
prior
to
1964
with
the
principal
mission
of
educating
black
Americans.
Federal
regulations
(
20
USC
1061
(
2))
allow
for
certain
exceptions
of
the
founding
date.

Household
All
the
persons
who
occupy
a
housing
unit.
A
house,
apartment,
or
other
group
of
rooms,
or
a
single
room,
is
regarded
as
a
housing
unit
when
it
is
occupied
or
intended
for
occupancy
as
separate
living
quarters,
that
is,
when
the
occupants
do
not
live
and
eat
with
any
other
persons
in
the
structure,
and
there
is
direct
access
from
the
outside
or
through
a
common
hall.

Housing
unit
A
house,
an
apartment,
a
mobile
home,
a
group
of
rooms,
or
a
single
room
that
is
occupied
as
separate
living
quarters.
Imaginative
writing
This
type
of
writing
can
take
a
variety
of
forms,
such
as
stories,
poems,
plays,
or
lyrics.
It
represents
a
special
approach
to
sharing
experiences
and
understanding
the
world
and
ourselves
In
this
form
of
writing,
special
attention
is
given
to
rhythm
and
tone;
the
use
of
anecdote;
the
presence
of
metaphor
and
simile;
shifts
in
plots;
and
the
unexpected
use
of
words,
phrases,
or
punctuation

Income
tax
Taxes
levied
on
net
income,
that
is,
on
gross
income
less
certain
deductions
permitted
by
law.
These
taxes
can
be
levied
on
individuals
or
on
corporations
or
unincorporated
businesses
where
the
income
is
taxed
distinctly
from
individual
income.

Independent
operations
A
group
of
self­
supporting
activities
under
control
of
a
college
or
university.
For
purposes
of
financial
surveys
conducted
by
the
National
Center
for
Education
Statistics,
this
category
is
composed
principally
of
federally
funded
research
and
development
centers
(
FFRDC).

Informative
writing
This
type
of
writing
is
used
to
share
information
and
to
convey
messages,
directions
and
ideas.
It
often
involves
reporting
or
retelling
events
or
experiences
that
have
already
occurred

Institutional
support
The
category
of
higher
education
expenditures
that
includes
day­
to­
day
operational
support
for
colleges,
excluding
expenditures
for
physical
plant
operations.
Examples
of
institutional
support
include
general
administrative
services,
executive
direction
and
planning,
legal
and
fiscal
operations
and
community
relations.

Instruction
That
category
including
expenditures
of
the
colleges,
schools,
departments,
and
other
instructional
divisions
of
higher
education
institutions
and
expenditures
for
departmental
research
and
public
service
which
are
not
separately
budgeted.
Includes
expenditures
for
both
credit
and
noncredit
activities
Excludes
expenditures
for
academic
administration
where
the
primary
function
is
administration
(
e.
g.,
academic
deans).

Instruction
(
elementary
and
secondary)
Instruction
encompasses
all
activities
dealing
directly
with
the
interaction
between
teachers
and
students.
Teaching
may
be
provided
for
students
in
a
school
classroom,
in
another
location
such
as
a
home
or
hospital,
and
in
other
learning
situations
such
as
those
involving
co­
curricular
activities.
Instruction
may
be
provided
through
some
other
approved
medium
such
as
television,
radio,
telephone,
and
correspondence
Instruction
expenditures
include:
salaries
employee
benefits,
purchased
services,
supplies
and
tuition
to
private
schools.
527
DEFINITIONS
Instructional
staff
Full­
time­
equivalent
number
of
positions,
not
the
number
of
different
individuals
occupying
the
positions
during
the
school
year.
In
local
schools,
includes
all
public
elementary
and
secondary
(
junior
and
senior
high)
day­
school
positions
that
are
in
the
nature
of
teaching
or
in
the
improvement
of
the
teaching­
learning
situation.
Includes
consultants
or
supervisors
of
instruction,
principals,
teachers
guidance
personnel,
librarians,
psychological
personnel,
and
other
instructional
staff.
Excludes
administrative
staff,
attendance
personnel,
clerical
personnel
and
junior
college
staff.

Instructional
support
services
Includes
salary,
benefits,
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
staff
providing
instructional
improvement,
educational
media
(
library
and
audiovisual),
and
other
instructional
support
services.

Junior
high
school
A
separately
organized
and
administered
secondary
school
intermediate
between
the
elementary
and
senior
high
schools,
usually
including
grades
7,
8,
and
9
(
in
a
6
 
3
 
3
plan)
or
grades
7
and
8
(
in
a
6
 
2
 
4
plan).

Labor
force
Persons
employed
as
civilians,
unemployed
(
but
looking
for
work),
or
in
the
armed
services
during
the
survey
week.
The
``
civilian
labor
force''
comprises
all
civilians
classified
as
employed
or
unemployed.

Land­
grant
colleges
The
First
Morrill
Act
of
1862
facilitated
the
establishment
of
colleges
through
grants
of
land
or
funds
in
lieu
of
land.
The
Second
Morrill
Act
in
1890
provided
for
money
grants
and
for
the
establishment
of
black
land­
grant
colleges
and
universities
in
those
states
with
dual
systems
of
higher
education.

Local
education
agency
See
School
district.

Mandatory
transfer
A
transfer
of
current
funds
that
must
be
made
in
order
to
fulfill
a
binding
legal
obligation
of
the
institution.
Included
under
mandatory
transfers
are
debt
service
provisions
relating
to
academic
and
administrative
buildings,
including
(
1)
amounts
set
aside
for
debt
retirement
and
interest
and
(
2)
required
provisions
for
renewal
and
replacement
of
buildings
to
the
extent
these
are
not
financed
from
other
funds.

Master's
degree
A
degree
awarded
for
successful
completion
of
a
program
generally
requiring
1
or
2
years
of
full­
time
college­
level
study
beyond
the
bachelor's
degree.
One
type
of
master's
degree,
including
the
Master
of
Arts
degree,
or
M.
A.,
and
the
Master
of
Science
degree,
or
M.
S.,
is
awarded
in
the
liberal
arts
and
sciences
for
advanced
scholarship
in
a
subject
field
or
discipline
and
demonstrated
ability
to
perform
scholarly
research.
A
second
type
of
master's
degree
is
awarded
for
the
completion
of
a
professionally
oriented
program,
for
example,
an
M.
Ed.
in
education,
an
M.
B.
A.
in
business
administration,
an
M.
F.
A.
in
fine
arts,
an
M.
M.
in
music,
an
M.
S.
W.
in
social
work,
and
an
M.
P.
A.
in
public
administration
A
third
type
of
master's
degree
is
awarded
in
professional
fields
for
study
beyond
the
first­
professional
degree,
for
example,
the
Master
of
Laws
(
L.
L.
M.)
and
Master
of
Science
in
various
medical
specializations.

Mathematics
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
describes
the
science
of
numbers
and
their
operations
interrelations,
combinations,
generalizations,
and
abstractions
and
of
space
configurations
and
their
structure,
measurement,
transformations,
and
generalizations.

Mean
test
score
The
score
obtained
by
dividing
the
sum
of
the
scores
of
all
individuals
in
a
group
by
the
number
of
individuals
in
that
group.

Metropolitan
population
The
population
residing
in
Metropolitan
Statistical
Areas
(
MSAs).
See
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area.

Metropolitan
Statistical
Area
(
MSA)
A
large
population
nucleus
and
the
nearby
communities
which
have
a
high
degree
of
economic
and
social
integration
with
that
nucleus.
Each
MSA
consists
of
one
or
more
entire
counties
(
or
county
equivalents)
that
meet
specified
standards
pertaining
to
population,
commuting
ties,
and
metropolitan
character.
In
New
England,
towns
and
cities,
rather
than
counties,
are
the
basic
units.
MSAs
are
designated
by
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget.
An
MSA
includes
a
city
and,
generally,
its
entire
urban
area
and
the
remainder
of
the
county
or
counties
in
which
the
urban
area
is
located.
An
MSA
also
includes
such
additional
outlying
counties
which
meet
specified
criteria
relating
to
metropolitan
character
and
level
of
commuting
of
workers
into
the
central
city
or
counties.
Specified
criteria
governing
the
definition
of
MSAs
recognized
before
1980
are
published
in
Standard
Metropolitan
Statistical
Areas:
1975,
issued
by
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget.
New
MSAs
were
designated
when
1980
counts
showed
that
they
met
one
or
both
of
the
following
criteria:

1.
Included
a
city
with
a
population
of
at
least
50,000
within
their
corporate
limits,
or
2.
Included
a
Census
Bureau­
defined
urbanized
area
(
which
must
have
a
population
of
at
least
50,000)
and
a
total
MSA
population
of
at
least
100,000
(
or,
in
New
England,
75,000).

Migration
Geographic
mobility
involving
a
change
of
usual
residence
between
clearly
defined
geo­
528
DEFINITIONS
graphic
units,
that
is,
between
counties,
states,
or
regions

Minimum­
competency
testing
Measuring
the
acquisition
of
competence
or
skills
to
or
beyond
a
certain
specified
standard.

National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
(
NAEP)
See
Guide
to
Sources.

Newly
qualified
teacher
Persons
who:
(
1)
first
became
eligible
for
a
teaching
license
during
the
period
of
the
study
referenced
or
who
were
teaching
at
the
time
of
survey
but
were
not
certified
or
eligible
for
a
teaching
license;
and
(
2)
had
never
held
full­
time,
regular
teaching
positions
(
as
opposed
to
substitute)
prior
to
completing
the
requirements
for
the
degree
which
brought
them
into
the
survey.

Nonmetropolitan
residence
group
The
population
residing
outside
Metropolitan
Statistical
Areas.
See
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area.

Nonprofit
institution
A
private
institution
in
which
the
individual(
s)
or
agency
in
control
receives
compensation
other
than
wages,
rent,
or
other
expenses
for
the
assumption
of
risk.
Nonprofit
institutions
may
be
either
independent
nonprofit
(
i.
e.,
having
no
religious
affiliation)
or
religiously
affiliated.

Nonresident
alien
A
person
who
is
not
a
citizen
of
the
United
States
and
who
is
in
this
country
on
a
temporary
basis
and
does
not
have
the
right
to
remain
indefinitely.

Nonsupervisory
instructional
staff
Persons
such
as
curriculum
specialists,
counselors,
librarians,
remedial
specialists,
and
others
possessing
education
certification
but
not
responsible
for
day­
to­
day
teaching
of
the
same
group
of
pupils.

Normal
school
A
normal
school
was
an
institution
which
was
engaged
primarily
in
the
preparation
of
teachers
for
positions
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools.
Prior
to
1900,
normal
schools
were
often
secondary
schools
with
teacher
training
programs.
During
the
early
20th
century,
normal
schools
gradually
developed
into
higher
education
institutions.

Obligations
Amounts
of
orders
placed,
contracts
awarded,
services
received,
or
similar
legally
binding
commitments
made
by
federal
agencies
during
a
given
period
that
will
require
outlays
during
the
same
or
some
future
period.

Occupational
home
economics
Courses
of
instruction
emphasizing
the
acquisition
of
competencies
needed
for
getting
and
holding
a
job
or
preparing
for
advancement
in
an
occupational
area
using
home
economics
knowledge
and
skills.
Occupied
housing
unit
Separate
living
quarters
with
occupants
currently
inhabiting
the
unit.

Off­
budget
federal
entities
Organizational
entities,
federally
owned
in
whole
or
in
part,
whose
transactions
belong
in
the
budget
under
current
budget
accounting
concepts
but
that
have
been
excluded
from
the
budget
totals
under
provisions
of
law.

Operation
and
maintenance
services
Includes
salary,
benefits,
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
supervision
of
operations
and
maintenance,
operating
buildings
(
heating,
lighting,
ventilating,
repair,
and
replacement
care
and
upkeep
of
grounds
and
equipment
vehicle
operations
and
maintenance
(
other
than
student
transportation),
security,
and
other
operations
and
maintenance
services.

Other
foreign
languages
and
literatures
Any
instructional
program
in
foreign
languages
and
literatures
not
described
in
table
253,
including
language
groups
and
individual
languages
such
as
the
non­
Semitic
African
languages,
Native
American
languages
the
Celtic
languages,
Pacific
language
groups,
the
Ural­
Altaic
languages,
Basque,
and
others

Other
support
services
Includes
salary,
benefits,
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
business
support
services,
central
support
services,
and
other
support
services
not
otherwise
classified.

Other
support
services
staff
All
staff
not
reported
in
other
categories.
This
group
includes
media
personnel
social
workers,
bus
drivers,
security,
cafeteria
workers,
and
other
staff.

Outlays
The
value
of
checks
issued,
interest
accrued
on
the
public
debt,
or
other
payments
made,
net
of
refunds
and
reimbursements.

Part­
time
enrollment
The
number
of
students
enrolled
in
higher
education
courses
with
a
total
credit
load
less
than
75
percent
of
the
normal
full­
time
credit
load.

Per
capita
income
The
mean
income
computed
for
every
man,
woman,
and
child
in
a
particular
group.
It
is
derived
by
dividing
the
total
income
of
a
particular
group
by
the
total
population
in
that
group.

Personal
income
Current
income
received
by
persons
from
all
sources
minus
their
personal
contributions
for
social
insurance.
Classified
as
``
persons''
are
individuals
(
including
owners
of
unincorporated
firms),
nonprofit
institutions
serving
individuals,
private
trust
funds,
and
private
noninsured
welfare
funds.
Personal
income
includes
transfers
(
payments
not
resulting
from
current
production)
from
govern­
529
DEFINITIONS
ment
and
business
such
as
social
security
benefits
and
military
pensions
but
excludes
transfers
among
persons.

Persuasive
writing
This
type
of
writing
attempts
to
bring
about
some
action
or
change.
Its
primary
purpose
is
to
influence
others.
It
is
concerned
with
the
positions,
beliefs,
and
attitudes
of
the
readers.

Physical
plant
assets
Includes
the
values
of
land,
buildings,
and
equipment
owned,
rented,
or
utilized
by
colleges.
Does
not
include
those
plant
values
which
are
a
part
of
endowment
or
other
capital
fund
investments
in
real
estate.
Excludes
construction
in
progress.

Postbaccalaureate
enrollment
The
number
of
graduate
and
first­
professional
students
working
towards
advanced
degrees
and
of
students
enrolled
in
graduate­
level
classes
but
not
enrolled
in
degree
programs
See
also
Graduate
enrollment
and
First­
professional
enrollment.

Postsecondary
education
The
provision
of
formal
instructional
programs
with
a
curriculum
designed
primarily
for
students
who
have
completed
the
requirements
for
a
high
school
diploma
or
equivalent.
This
includes
programs
of
an
academic,
vocational,
and
continuing
professional
education
purpose,
and
excludes
avocational
and
adult
basic
education
programs

Private
school
or
institution
A
school
or
institution
which
is
controlled
by
an
individual
or
agency
other
than
a
state,
a
subdivision
of
a
state,
or
the
federal
government,
which
is
usually
supported
primarily
by
other
than
public
funds,
and
the
operation
of
whose
program
rests
with
other
than
publicly
elected
or
appointed
officials.
Private
schools
and
institutions
include
both
nonprofit
and
proprietary
institutions

Property
tax
The
sum
of
money
collected
from
a
tax
levied
against
the
value
of
property.

Proprietary
(
for
profit)
institution
A
private
institution
in
which
the
individual(
s)
or
agency
in
control
receives
compensation
other
than
wages,
rent,
or
other
expenses
for
the
assumption
of
risk.

Public
school
or
institution
A
school
or
institution
controlled
and
operated
by
publicly
elected
or
appointed
officials
and
deriving
its
primary
support
from
public
funds.

Pupil­
teacher
ratio
The
enrollment
of
pupils
at
a
given
period
of
time,
divided
by
the
full­
time­
equivalent
number
of
classroom
teachers
serving
these
pupils
during
the
same
period.
Racial/
ethnic
group
Classification
indicating
general
racial
or
ethnic
heritage
based
on
self­
identification
as
in
data
collected
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census
or
on
observer
identification,
as
in
data
collected
by
the
Office
for
Civil
Rights.
These
categories
are
in
accordance
with
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
standard
classification
scheme
presented
below:

White
A
person
having
origins
in
any
of
the
original
peoples
of
Europe,
North
Africa,
or
the
Middle
East.
Normally
excludes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin
except
for
tabulations
produced
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census,
which
are
noted
accordingly
in
this
volume.

Black
A
person
having
origins
in
any
of
the
black
racial
groups
in
Africa.
Normally
excludes
persons
of
Hispanic
origin
except
for
tabulations
produced
by
the
U.
S.
Bureau
of
the
Census,
which
are
noted
accordingly
in
this
volume.

Hispanic
A
person
of
Mexican,
Puerto
Rican,
Cuban,
Central
or
South
American,
or
other
Spanish
culture
or
origin,
regardless
of
race.

Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
A
person
having
origins
in
any
of
the
original
peoples
of
the
Far
East,
Southeast
Asia,
the
Indian
subcontinent,
or
the
Pacific
Islands.
This
area
includes,
for
example,
China,
India,
Japan,
Korea,
the
Philippine
Islands,
and
Samoa.

American
Indian
or
Alaskan
Native
A
person
having
origins
in
any
of
the
original
peoples
of
North
America
and
maintaining
cultural
identification
through
tribal
affiliation
or
community
recognition

Remedial
education
Instruction
for
a
student
lacking
those
reading,
writing,
or
math
skills
necessary
to
perform
college­
level
work
at
the
level
required
by
the
attended
institution.

Resident
population
Includes
civilian
population
and
armed
forces
personnel
residing
within
the
United
States.
Excludes
armed
forces
personnel
residing
overseas.

Revenue
All
funds
received
from
external
sources,
net
of
refunds,
and
correcting
transactions.
Noncash
transactions
such
as
receipt
of
services,
commodities
or
other
receipts
in
kind
are
excluded
as
are
funds
received
from
the
issuance
of
debt,
liquidation
of
investments,
and
nonroutine
sale
of
property.

Salary
The
total
amount
regularly
paid
or
stipulated
to
be
paid
to
an
individual,
before
deductions,
for
personal
services
rendered
while
on
the
payroll
of
a
business
or
organization.
530
DEFINITIONS
Sales
and
services
Revenues
derived
from
the
sales
of
goods
or
services
that
are
incidental
to
the
conduct
of
instruction,
research,
or
public
service.
Examples
include
film
rentals,
scientific
and
literary
publications,
testing
services,
university
presses,
and
dairy
products.

Sales
tax
Tax
imposed
upon
the
sale
and
consumption
of
goods
and
services.
It
can
be
imposed
either
as
a
general
tax
on
the
retail
price
of
all
goods
and
services
sold
or
as
a
tax
on
the
sale
of
selected
goods
and
services.

Scholarships
and
fellowships
This
category
of
college
expenditures
applies
only
to
money
given
in
the
form
of
outright
grants
and
trainee
stipends
to
individuals
enrolled
in
formal
coursework,
either
for
credit
or
not.
Aid
to
students
in
the
form
of
tuition
or
fee
remissions
is
included.
College
work­
study
funds
are
excluded
and
are
reported
under
the
program
in
which
the
student
is
working.
In
the
tabulations
in
this
volume,
Pell
Grants
are
not
included
in
this
expenditure
category.

Scholastic
Assessment
Test
(
SAT)
An
examination
administered
by
the
Educational
Testing
Service
and
used
to
predict
the
facility
with
which
an
individual
will
progress
in
learning
college­
level
academic
subjects.

School
A
division
of
the
school
system
consisting
of
students
in
one
or
more
grades
or
other
identifiable
groups
and
organized
to
give
instruction
of
a
defined
type.
One
school
may
share
a
building
with
another
school
or
one
school
may
be
housed
in
several
buildings.

School
administration
support
services
Includes
salary,
benefits,
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
the
office
of
the
principal,
full­
time
department
chairpersons
and
graduation
expenses.

School
climate
The
social
system
and
culture
of
the
school,
including
the
organizational
structure
of
the
school
and
values
and
expectations
within
it.

School
district
An
education
agency
at
the
local
level
that
exists
primarily
to
operate
public
schools
or
to
contract
for
public
school
services.
Synonyms
are
``
local
basic
administrative
unit''
and
``
local
education
agency.''

Science
The
body
of
related
courses
concerned
with
knowledge
of
the
physical
and
biological
world
and
with
the
processes
of
discovering
and
validating
this
knowledge.

Secondary
instructional
level
The
general
level
of
instruction
provided
for
pupils
in
secondary
schools
(
generally
covering
grades
7
through
12
or
9
through
12)
and
any
instruction
of
a
comparable
nature
and
difficulty
provided
for
adults
and
youth
beyond
the
age
of
compulsory
school
attendance.

Secondary
school
A
school
comprising
any
span
of
grades
beginning
with
the
next
grade
following
an
elementary
or
middle
school
(
usually
7,
8,
or
9)
and
ending
with
or
below
grade
12.
Both
junior
high
schools
and
senior
high
schools
are
included.

Secondary
enrollment
The
total
number
of
students
registered
in
a
school
beginning
with
the
next
grade
following
an
elementary
or
middle
school
(
usually
7,
8,
or
9)
and
ending
with
or
below
grade
12
at
a
given
time.

Senior
high
school
A
secondary
school
offering
the
final
years
of
high
school
work
necessary
for
graduation.

Serial
volumes
Publications
issued
in
successive
parts,
usually
at
regular
intervals,
and
as
a
rule,
intended
to
be
continued
indefinitely.
Serials
include
periodicals,
newspapers,
annuals,
memoirs,
proceedings
and
transactions
of
societies.

Social
studies
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
describes
the
substantive
portions
of
behavior,
past
and
present
activities,
interactions,
and
organizations
of
people
associated
together
for
religious,
benevolent,
cultural,
scientific,
political,
patriotic,
or
other
purposes.

Socioeconomic
status
(
SES)
For
the
High
School
and
Beyond
study
and
the
National
Longitudinal
Study
of
the
High
School
Class
of
1972,
the
SES
index
is
a
composite
of
five
equally
weighted,
standardized
components:
father's
education,
mother's
education,
family
income,
father's
occupation,
and
household
items.
The
terms
high,
middle,
and
low
SES
refer
to
the
upper,
middle
two,
and
lower
quartiles
of
the
weighted
SES
composite
index
distribution

Special
education
Direct
instructional
activities
or
special
learning
experiences
designed
primarily
for
students
identified
as
having
exceptionalities
in
one
or
more
aspects
of
the
cognitive
process
or
as
being
underachievers
in
relation
to
general
level
or
model
of
their
overall
abilities.
Such
services
usually
are
directed
at
students
with
the
following
conditions:
(
1)
physically
handicapped;
(
2)
emotionally
handicapped;
(
3)
culturally
different,
including
compensatory
education
(
4)
mentally
retarded;
and
(
5)
students
with
learning
disabilities.
Programs
for
the
mentally
gifted
and
talented
are
also
included
in
some
special
education
programs.
See
also
Handicapped.
531
DEFINITIONS
Standardized
test
A
test
composed
of
a
systematic
sampling
of
behavior,
administered
and
scored
according
to
specific
instructions,
capable
of
being
interpreted
in
terms
of
adequate
norms,
and
for
which
there
are
data
on
reliability
and
validity.

Standardized
test
performance
The
weighted
distributions
of
composite
scores
from
standardized
tests
used
to
group
students
according
to
performance

Standard
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area
(
SMSA)
See
Metropolitan
Statistical
Area
(
MSA).

Student
An
individual
for
whom
instruction
is
provided
in
an
educational
program
under
the
jurisdiction
of
a
school,
school
system,
or
other
education
institution.
No
distinction
is
made
between
the
terms
``
student''
and
``
pupil,''
though
``
student''
may
refer
to
one
receiving
instruction
at
any
level
while
``
pupil''
refers
only
to
one
attending
school
at
the
elementary
or
secondary
level.
A
student
may
receive
instruction
in
a
school
facility
or
in
another
location,
such
as
at
home
or
in
a
hospital.
Instruction
may
be
provided
by
direct
student­
teacher
interaction
or
by
some
other
approved
medium
such
as
television,
radio,
telephone
and
correspondence.

Student
support
services
Includes
salary,
benefits
supplies,
and
contractual
fees
for
staff
providing
attendance
and
social
work,
guidance,
health,
psychological
services,
speech
pathology,
audiology,
and
other
support
to
students.

Subject­
matter
club
Organizations
that
are
formed
around
a
shared
interest
in
a
particular
area
of
study
and
whose
primary
activities
promote
that
interest.
Examples
of
such
organizations
are
math,
science,
business,
and
history
clubs.

Supervisory
staff
Principals,
assistant
principals,
and
supervisors
of
instruction.
Does
not
include
superintendents
or
assistant
superintendents.

Tax
base
The
collective
value
of
objects,
assets,
and
income
components
against
which
a
tax
is
levied

Tax
expenditures
Losses
of
tax
revenue
attributable
to
provisions
of
the
federal
income
tax
laws
that
allow
a
special
exclusion,
exemption,
or
deduction
from
gross
income
or
provide
a
special
credit,
preferential
rate
of
tax,
or
a
deferral
of
tax
liability
affecting
individual
or
corporate
income
tax
liabilities.

Technical
education
A
program
of
vocational
instruction
that
ordinarily
includes
the
study
of
the
sciences
and
mathematics
underlying
a
technology,
as
well
as
the
methods,
skills,
and
materials
commonly
used
and
the
services
performed
in
the
technology
Technical
education
prepares
individuals
for
positions
 
such
as
draftsman
or
lab
technician
 
in
the
occupational
area
between
the
skilled
craftsman
and
the
professional
person.

Total
expenditure
per
pupil
in
average
daily
attendance
Includes
all
expenditures
allocable
to
per
pupil
costs
divided
by
average
daily
attendance.
These
allocable
expenditures
include
current
expenditures
for
regular
school
programs,
interest
on
school
debt,
and
capital
outlay.
Beginning
in
1980
 
81,
expenditures
for
state
administration
are
excluded
and
expenditures
for
other
programs
(
summer
schools,
community
colleges,
and
private
schools)
are
included

Trade
and
industrial
occupations
The
branch
of
vocational
education
which
is
concerned
with
preparing
persons
for
initial
employment
or
with
updating
or
retraining
workers
in
a
wide
range
of
trade
and
industrial
occupations.
Such
occupations
are
skilled
or
semiskilled
and
are
concerned
with
layout
designing,
producing,
processing,
assembling,
testing,
maintaining
servicing,
or
repairing
any
product
or
commodity.

Transcript
An
official
list
of
all
courses
taken
by
a
student
at
a
school
or
college
showing
the
final
grade
received
for
each
course,
with
definitions
of
the
various
grades
given
at
the
institution.

Trust
funds
Amounts
collected
and
used
by
the
federal
government
for
carrying
out
specific
purposes
and
programs
according
to
terms
of
a
trust
agreement
or
statute,
such
as
the
social
security
and
unemployment
trust
funds.
Trust
fund
receipts
that
are
not
anticipated
to
be
used
in
the
immediate
future
are
generally
invested
in
interest­
bearing
government
securities
and
earn
interest
for
the
trust
fund.

Tuition
and
fees
A
payment
or
charge
for
instruction
or
compensation
for
services,
privileges,
or
the
use
of
equipment,
books,
or
other
goods.

Unclassified
students
Students
who
are
not
candidates
for
a
degree
or
other
formal
award,
although
they
are
taking
higher
education
courses
for
credit
in
regular
classes
with
other
students.

Unadjusted
dollars
See
current
dollars.

Undergraduate
students
Students
registered
at
an
institution
of
higher
education
who
are
working
in
a
program
leading
to
a
baccalaureate
degree
or
other
formal
award
below
the
baccalaureate,
such
as
an
associate
degree.

Unemployed
Civilians
who
had
no
employment
but
were
available
for
work
and:
(
1)
had
engaged
in
any
532
DEFINITIONS
specific
job
seeking
activity
within
the
past
4
weeks;
(
2)
were
waiting
to
be
called
back
to
a
job
from
which
they
had
been
laid
off;
or
(
3)
were
waiting
to
report
to
a
new
wage
or
salary
job
within
30
days.

U.
S.
Service
Schools
These
institutions
of
higher
education
are
controlled
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Defense
and
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Transportation.
The
10
institutions
counted
in
the
NCES
surveys
of
higher
education
institutions
include:
the
Air
Force
Institute
of
Technology,
Community
College
of
the
Air
Force,
Naval
Postgraduate
School,
Uniformed
Services
University
of
the
Health
Sciences,
U.
S.
Air
Force
Academy,
U.
S
Army
Command
and
General
Staff
College,
U.
S.
Coast
Guard
Academy,
U.
S.
Merchant
Marine
Academy,
U.
S.
Military
Academy,
and
the
U.
S.
Naval
Academy.

University
An
institution
of
higher
education
consisting
of
a
liberal
arts
college,
a
diverse
graduate
program,
and
usually
two
or
more
professional
schools
or
faculties
and
empowered
to
confer
degrees
in
various
fields
of
study.
For
purposes
of
maintaining
trend
data
in
this
publication,
the
selection
of
university
institutions
has
not
been
revised
since
1982.

Visual
and
performing
arts
A
group
of
instructional
programs
that
generally
describes
the
historic
development,
aesthetic
qualities,
and
creative
processes
of
the
visual
and
performing
arts.

Vocational
education
Organized
educational
programs
services,
and
activities
which
are
directly
related
to
the
preparation
of
individuals
for
paid
or
unpaid
employment,
or
for
additional
preparation
for
a
career,
requiring
other
than
a
baccalaureate
or
advanced
degree.

Vocational
home
economics
Vocational
courses
of
instruction
emphasizing
the
acquisition
of
competencies
needed
for
getting
and
holding
a
job
or
preparing
for
advancement
in
an
occupational
area
using
home
economics
knowledge
or
skills.
533
Index
of
Table
Numbers
A
Academic
programs
in
high
school,
136
 
139,
147
Accounting,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253
Achievement
tests.
See
Assessment
Activities
elementary
school,
143
college
faculty,
227,
228
high
school,
144,
146,
147
kindergarten,
50,
143
young
adults,
389
Additions
to
plant
value,
higher
education,
352
Administration
expenditures
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
160
 
162,
165,
166
institutions
of
higher
education,
335,
336,
338
 
340,
342
 
346,
351
Administrative
units
(
school
districts),
90
 
95
Adult
basic
education,
357
Adult
education
participants
in,
355,
356
Adult
and
vocational
education,
213,
247
 
249,
355,
356,
358
Federal
funds
for,
361,
363,
365,
366
Affiliation,
religious
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
60
 
63,
140
 
142,
144
 
146
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
Age
enrollment,
6,
7
for
compulsory
school
attendance,
152
of
college
students,
174
 
176,
186,
211
 
213
Agriculture
degrees
conferred,
10,
247
 
252,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
276
enrollment,
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
formal
awards,
organized
occupational
curricula,
247
 
249
units
earned
by
high
school
graduates,
137
Alcohol
use
by
students
or
adults,
148
 
151,
377
All
levels
of
education,
1
 
38
American
Indians
activities,
144
 
146
attendance
patterns,
153
attitudes
about
schools,
142
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136
 
140
degrees
conferred,
260
 
274,
297
 
303,
305
educational
attainment,
12
enrolled
in
colleges
and
universities,
206
 
211,
316
enrolled
in
public
schools,
45
expected
occupations,
141
financial
aid,
313,
314
testing,
112,
116,
131
Annual
expenditure
per
pupil,
public
schools,
39,
90,
95,
167,
169,
412
Annual
salary.
See
Salaries.
Applications,
college,
185
Applied
research
funds,
335,
336,
338
 
340,
342
 
346,
351,
359,
369,
370
Architecture
degrees
conferred,
247
 
252,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
277
enrollment,
higher
education,
213
Area
studies,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
252,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
Art,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
252,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
297
Asian
or
Pacific
Islander
activities,
144
 
147
attendance
patterns,
153
attitudes
about
schools,
142
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136
 
140
degrees
conferred,
12,
261
 
275,
298
 
304,
306
educational
attainment,
12
enrolled
in
colleges
and
universities,
206
 
211,
314
enrolled
in
public
schools,
45
expected
occupations,
141
financial
aid,
314,
315
testing,
112,
116,
117,
128,
130
Assessment
American
College
Testing,
135
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
international,
396
 
408
minimum­
competency,
155,
156
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
109
 
128
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study,
129
Scholastic
Assessment
Test,
130
 
134
Associate
degrees,
9,
11,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
244
 
249,
254
 
258,
261
 
263
Athletics,
participation
in
school
activities,
144,
146,
147
Attendance
patterns,
153
Attitudes
about
education,
22
 
29,
70,
75
 
77
life
values,
376
selected
classes,
140
534
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
school
climate,
142
Attrition,
college
student,
306,
309
Auxiliary
enterprises,
higher
education,
324
 
329,
331,
332,
336
 
340,
351
Average
daily
attendance,
39,
44,
52
Average
daily
membership,
39
Average
length
of
school
year,
39,
124
B
Bachelor's
degrees,
9
 
14,
170,
171,
217,
244
 
246,
250,
253,
254
 
258,
264
 
266,
276
 
297
Basic
administrative
units,
90
 
95
Basic
student
charges,
higher
education,
311
 
313
Behavior,
student,
27,
28,
140
 
151,
153
Benefits
expenditure,
162,
163
Biological
sciences
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
credits
earned
by
high
school
graduates,
136,
138
degrees
conferred,
10,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
278,
279,
298,
302
enrollment,
higher
education,
213
faculty,
229
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
Blacks
activities,
144,
146,
147
adult
education,
355,
356
attendance
patterns,
153
attitudes
about
schools,
142
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136
 
140
degrees
conferred,
9,
10,
12,
218,
261
 
275,
298
 
304,
306
dropouts,
105,
106,
383
drug
use,
148
educational
attainment,
8
 
10,
12
enrolled
in
colleges
and
universities,
183,
186,
206
 
212,
218,
219,
309,
314,
382
enrolled
in
public
schools,
45
enrolled
in
school,
7
expected
occupations,
141
family
characteristics,
19
financial
aid,
314,
315
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
218
 
220
labor
force
participation,
377,
382,
383
literacy,
390
parental
involvement
in
school
activities,
26
persistence
in
higher
education,
306,
309
population,
16
poverty
status,
21
testing,
109,
112
 
115,
118
 
121,
125,
126,
128
 
131
unemployment
rate,
379,
382,
383
years
of
school
completed,
8
 
10,
12
Black
colleges,
218
 
220
Board
rates,
311,
312
Business
and
management
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
credits
earned
by
high
school
graduates,
137
degrees
conferred,
10,
247
 
252,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
280,
298
enrollment,
higher
education,
213
faculty
in
higher
education,
228,
233
vocational
programs,
247
 
249
C
Cable
television,
418
Capital
outlay
higher
education,
35,
352
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
35,
39,
161,
162,
165,
166
Carnegie
classification
of
colleges,
329,
336
Catholic
schools
achievement
test
scores,
1297
elementary
and
secondary,
60
 
63
expected
occupations
of
students,
141
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
participation
in
extracurricular
activities,
144,
146
student
attitudes
about
classes,
140
student
attitudes
about
school
climate,
142
student
attendance
patterns,
153
Center­
based
programs
for
preschool,
41,
42,
46,
47,
49,
51,
143
Chapter
1
(
Title
1),
89,
361,
363,
365
 
367,
374
Cheerleading,
participation
in
school
activities,
144,
147
Chemical
engineering,
253,
285
Chemistry,
degrees
conferred,
253,
292
Chemistry,
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
Child
care,
47,
49,
51
Church
affiliation
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
60
 
63,
129,
140,
144
 
147,
153
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
City
school
systems,
89,
93
 
95,
145,
151,
373,
374
Civil
engineering,
253,
285
Class
rank,
133
Classrooms,
number
of,
419
Class
size,
69,
70,
227,
228
Classroom
teachers
attitudes
about
schools,
27
 
28,
75
 
77,
151
characteristics
of
private
school
teachers,
68
characteristics
of
public
school
teachers,
68
 
70,
72
mobility,
73
new
teachers'
experiences,
75
 
77
opinions
about
teaching,
27
 
28,
75
 
77
private
schools,
4,
61,
63
 
65,
68,
73,
74
public
schools,
4,
39,
65
 
80,
83
 
86,
89,
93
salaries
of
private
school
teachers,
74
salaries
of
public
school
teachers,
74,
78
 
80
satisfaction
with
teaching,
26
 
28,
70,
75
 
77
teaching
assignments,
71,
72
Climate
in
schools,
27,
28,
142
Closing
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
244
535
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
Clubs,
participation
in
school
activities,
144,
147
College
faculty.
See
Faculty,
higher
education.
College
and
university
education,
170
 
354
College
plans
and
applications,
146,
185
Communications
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
281
enrollment,
213
faculty,
229
Competency
testing
students,
124,
155
teachers,
156
Compulsory
attendance,
age
for,
152
Computer
and
information
sciences
courses
taken
by
high
school
graduates,
136,
142
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
308
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
283
enrollment
in
college,
213,
214
faculty,
229
Computers,
use
of,
418,
419,
424
 
428
Consumer
Price
Index,
38
Courses
completed
by
college
graduates,
307
Courses
completed
by
high
school
graduates,
136
 
139
Current
expenditures
higher
education,
171,
216
 
218,
335
 
340,
347,
349,
350
public
schools,
39,
89,
93,
161,
162,
164
 
169
Current­
fund
revenues
in
higher
education,
171,
216,
218,
322,
324
 
334
D
Daily
attendance
as
a
percent
of
enrollment,
39
Day
care,
47,
49
Degrees,
earned
associate,
9,
11,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
244
 
249,
254
 
258,
261
 
263
bachelor's
and
higher,
9
 
12,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
245,
246,
251
 
305
by
race,
9,
10,
12,
218,
261
 
275,
298
 
304
by
sex,
9,
10,
170,
171,
218,
244,
247
 
249,
253,
259
 
278,
280
 
284,
286,
287,
289
 
291,
293
 
295,
297
 
304
first­
professional,
9,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
244,
246,
254,
259,
260,
273
 
275
historical
summary,
171,
244
historically
black
colleges,
217,
218
international
comparison,
409
 
411
large
institutions
of
higher
education,
216
major
field
of
study,
10,
247
 
253,
255
 
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
274
 
304
number
of
institutions,
by
field,
257
 
259
Denominational
affiliation
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
60
 
63,
129,
140,
144
 
147,
153
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
Dentistry
degrees
conferred,
259,
260,
274,
275
dental
assisting,
awards
in,
247
 
249
enrollment,
higher
education,
213
Department
of
Education
outlays,
360
 
368
For
other
Departments,
see
Federal
funds.
Disabled,
53
 
56,
59,
107,
108,
211
Discipline
problems,
23,
27,
28,
142,
148,
151
Disposable
personal
income,
37
Districts,
school,
90
 
94
Doctor's
degrees,
9,
11,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
244,
246,
253,
254,
255,
256
 
258,
270
 
272,
276
 
305
Dormitory
rooms,
charges
for,
311,
312
Dramatic
arts,
degrees
conferred,
253
Dropouts
(
high
school)
employment
and
unemployment,
377,
379,
351,
383
income
of,
380,
381
number,
383
percent,
by
age
group,
8,
9,
11
 
14,
105,
106
Dropouts
(
college),
306,
309
Drug
abuse,
23,
27,
148
 
151,
375
E
Earned
degrees.
See
Degrees,
earned.
Earnings
by
years
of
school
completed,
380
 
381,
388
Earnings
of
recent
college
graduates,
388
Economics,
degrees
conferred,
253,
296
faculty,
229
Education
adult,
355
 
357
all
levels,
1
 
38
bilingual,
59,
361,
363,
365,
366
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
degrees
conferred,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
244
 
305
degrees
conferred
in
education,
10,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
263,
265,
266,
269,
269,
271,
272,
283,
298,
299
elementary
and
secondary,
39
 
169
enrollment,
higher
education,
1
 
3,
170
 
220
faculty
in
higher
education,
221
 
233
federal
programs,
359
 
374
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
handicapped
students,
53
 
56,
59,
107,
108,
211
higher,
170
 
358
international,
391
 
414
outcomes,
8
 
14,
101
 
139,
244
 
310,
375
 
390,
396
 
411
price
indexes,
38
statistics
related
to,
375
 
390
structure,
(
figure
1)
vocational,
59,
71,
72,
136,
137,
247
 
249,
355,
357,
361,
363,
365,
366
Education
in
the
U.
S.,
structure
of,
(
figure
1)
536
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
Educational
administration
and
supervision,
degrees
conferred,
253
Educational
attainment,
8
 
14
Educational
attainment
in
the
work
force,
377
 
381
Electrical
engineering,
253,
285
Elementary
and
secondary
education,
1
 
5,
31
 
33,
35,
36,
39
 
169
Elementary
education,
degrees
conferred,
253
Elementary
schools,
number
private,
5,
60,
62
 
64,
90
public,
5,
90,
96
 
99
Employees
colleges,
221
 
224
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
61
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
83
 
87
Employment
college
graduates,
377
 
379,
381,
385
 
387
handicapped
students,
108
high
school
dropouts,
377
 
379,
381,
383
high
school
graduates,
377
 
379,
381,
382
high
school
seniors,
384
Endowment
funds,
171,
353,
354
Endowment
funds,
revenue
from,
324
 
329,
331,
332
Engineering
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
degrees
conferred,
10,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
284,
285,
298,
300
enrollment,
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
graduates,
organized
occupational
curricula,
247
 
249,
262,
263
English
credits
earned
by
high
school
graduates,
136,
139
enrollment
in
higher
education,
213
faculty,
229
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
286
requirements
for
graduation,
154
teachers,
public
high
schools,
71
Enrollment
adult
basic
education,
357
adult
education,
355
 
357
affiliation,
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
60,
62,
63
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
ages,
6,
7,
174
 
176,
186,
212,
213,
314,
355,
356
all
levels
of
education,
1
 
3,
6,
7
by
grade,
41
 
43
by
grade
span
of
school,
97
by
race,
7,
45,
60,
179,
183,
206
 
210,
212,
218,
355,
356,
382
by
sex,
6,
7,
170
 
172,
174,
175,
177
 
179,
181,
182,
184,
187
 
189,
193
 
195,
207,
211,
212,
216,
218,
355,
356,
382
elementary
and
secondary
private,
1
 
3,
46,
57,
59,
60,
62
 
64
public,
1
 
3,
39
 
46,
52,
57
 
56,
67,
87,
89,
91,
93,
95,
97
total,
1
 
3
elementary
schools
private,
2,
3,
56,
62,
63
public,
2,
3,
39
 
43,
59,
97
total,
1
 
3
engineering,
213,
214
exceptional
children,
53
 
56,
59,
107,
108,
211
foreign
languages,
public
secondary
schools,
58
foreign
students
in
American
colleges,
206
 
210,
414
handicapped,
53
 
55,
59,
107,
108,
211
higher
education
affiliation,
179
age,
174
 
176,
186,
212,
213,
355,
356
disabled,
108,
211
engineering,
213,
214
first
 
professional,
2,
175,
177,
189,
197
 
199,
207
four­
year
colleges,
170,
173,
176
 
178,
181,
196,
198
 
201,
205,
206,
209,
213
 
220,
309
freshmen,
181
 
184,
203
 
205,
212
full­
time,
172,
174
 
182,
187
 
189,
193
 
195,
217,
218
full­
time­
equivalent,
200
 
202,
216
graduate,
2,
175,
177,
188,
197
 
199,
207,
213,
214,
216,
319,
320
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
218
 
220
large
institutions
of
higher
education,
215
 
216
major
field
of
study,
213,
214
minority,
183,
185,
186,
206
 
212,
218,
219
part­
time,
172,
174
 
182,
187
 
189,
193
 
195,
216,
218
private
institutions,
2,
3,
170,
172,
173,
176
 
182,
187
 
189,
192,
195,
196,
198
 
202,
206,
209,
215
 
220
public
institutions,
2,
3,
170,
172,
173,
176
 
182,
187
 
189,
191,
194,
196,
198
 
202,
206,
209,
215
 
220
race,
183,
186,
206
 
212,
218,
219
rate,
6,
7,
179
 
182,
300,
306,
382,
391,
392
sex,
170
 
172,
174,
175,
177
 
182,
184,
187
 
189,
193
 
195,
207,
211,
212,
216,
218
total,
1
 
3,
170
 
179,
190
 
199,
206
 
210,
212,
213,
215
 
220
traditionally
black
colleges,
218
 
220
two­
year
colleges,
170,
173,
176
 
178,
181,
196,
198
 
201,
205,
206,
209,
213,
215
 
219,
309
type
of
institution,
170,
173,
176
 
178,
181,
196,
198
 
201,
205,
206,
209,
213
 
220,
309
undergraduate,
2,
175,
177,
187,
197
 
199,
207,
211
 
213,
216,
314
 
318
high
schools.
See
Secondary
schools.
international,
391
 
393
537
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
kindergarten,
41,
43,
46,
47,
50,
53,
54,
56
large
school
districts,
89,
91,
93,
95
mathematics,
higher
education,
136,
138,
213,
214
preprimary
programs,
41
 
43,
46,
47,
49,
53,
54,
56
race,
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
45
science,
136,
138,
213,
214
secondary
schools
private,
2,
3,
57,
59,
62,
63
public,
2,
3,
39
 
43,
57,
59,
97
total,
1
 
3,
57,
59
school
districts,
91,
93,
95
social
sciences,
higher
education,
213,
214
special
education
for
exceptional
children,
53
 
56,
59,
211
two­
year
colleges,
170,
173,
176
 
178,
181,
196,
198
 
201,
205,
206,
213,
215
 
219,
309
Ethnicity.
See
Spanish
origin
and
race.
Exceptional
children,
enrollment,
53
 
56,
59,
107,
108,
211
Expenditures
all
schools,
31
 
33
administration,
160
 
162,
165,
166,
335,
336,
338,
342
 
346,
351
by
other
countries,
393,
412,
413
federal
government,
33,
34,
359
 
374
governmental,
33
 
37
higher
education,
31
 
36,
171,
216,
218,
219,
334
 
351
instruction,
89,
94,
161
 
163,
165,
166,
335,
336,
338,
339,
342
 
346,
351
libraries,
335,
336,
338
 
340,
342
 
346,
351,
420
 
422
per
pupil,
public
schools,
39,
89,
94,
167
 
169
per
pupil,
by
country,
412
per
student,
higher
education,
335,
337,
342
 
346,
351
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
31
 
33,
35,
36,
39,
89,
94,
160
 
169
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
31
 
33
pupil
transportation,
52,
162,
165,
166
research,
335,
336,
338
 
340,
342
 
346,
351,
369,
370
state
and
local
expenditures,
34
 
37.
Also
see
Revenues.
Extracurricular
activities
participation,
50,
143,
144,
146,
147
F
Faculty,
higher
education
academic
rank,
226,
230
 
232,
235,
235,
238
 
240
age,
230
 
232
classes
taught,
227,
228
control
of
institution,
1,
4,
221,
225,
227
 
231,
233
 
240
employment
status,
222,
225,
227
 
232
field,
229,
232,
323
productivity,
227,
228
race/
ethnicity,
222,
229,
229,
230
 
232
salary,
230,
231,
233
 
239
sex,
171,
222,
223,
226,
229
 
232,
234,
235,
240
tenure,
240
Faculty
salaries,
230,
231,
233
 
239
Families
income,
37
number,
18,
19
parental
involvement
with
school
activities,
25,
26
poverty
status,
21
with
children,
18,
19
Federally
affected
areas,
aid
to,
361,
363,
365,
366
Federal
funds
for
education,
356
 
374
Federal
sources,
receipts
from
higher
education,
33,
324
 
329,
331,
332,
334
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
33,
39,
89,
94,
157
 
160
Fees,
higher
education
students,
311
 
313
Fellowships
and
scholarships,
314
 
321,
336
 
340,
342
 
346,
351
Field
of
study
achievement
scores.
See
Tests.
characteristics
of
the
population,
10
earned
degrees,
10,
247
 
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
274
 
304
enrollment
in
higher
education,
213,
214
employment,
385,
386,
388
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
federal
funds
for
colleges,
370
salaries,
388
Finances.
See
Capital
outlay,
Current
expenditures,
Expenditures,
Income,
Property,
Revenues,
Salaries.
Financial
aid
to
college
students,
314
 
323
Fine
and
applied
arts
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
297
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
First­
professional
degrees,
9,
170,
171,
216
 
218,
244,
246,
254,
259,
260,
273
 
275
First­
professional
enrollment,
2,
175,
177,
189,
197
 
199,
207
Freshmen,
180
 
184,
203
 
205,
207,
212
Foreign
languages
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
287,
288
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136,
139
enrollment,
public
high
schools,
57
Foreign
students
in
American
colleges,
206
 
210,
414
Forestry,
degrees
conferred,
253
Four­
year
institutions
enrollment,
170,
173,
176
 
178,
180,
181,
196,
198
 
201,
205,
206,
209,
213
 
220,
306,
316
 
320
faculty,
223
 
225,
227,
228,
230,
233
 
240
finance,
216,
218,
219,
321,
329,
335,
337,
342,
343,
345,
346,
351
538
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
number,
5,
210,
236
 
238
staff,
223,
224
French
degrees
conferred,
253,
288
enrollment,
public
secondary
schools,
58
Full­
time
college
students,
172,
174
 
182,
187
 
189,
193
 
195,
216,
218
Full­
time
 
equivalent
enrollment,
200
 
202,
216
Funds,
Federal,
for
education,
34,
39,
89,
94,
157
 
160,
324
 
329,
331,
332,
334,
359
 
374
G
GED,
104
Geography
assessment,
118,
119,
396
Geography,
degrees
conferred,
253
Geology,
degrees
conferred,
253,
292
German
degrees
conferred,
253,
288
enrollment,
public
secondary
schools,
58
Gifted
and
talented,
state
legislation,
55
Gifts
and
grants,
higher
education,
324
 
329,
331,
341
Governmental
finances,
33
 
37
Government
and
political
science,
degrees
conferred,
253,
296
Grade
enrollment,
41
 
43
Graduate
enrollment,
2,
175,
177,
188,
197
 
199,
207,
211,
213,
214,
216,
319,
320
Graduates
high
school
attainment,
8
 
14
attainment
in
the
work
force,
377
 
381
college
attendance
of,
183
 
185,
382
employment,
382
GED,
102
number,
39,
64,
93,
102,
104,
183,
184,
382
institutions
of
higher
education.
See
Degrees.
organized
occupational
curricula,
247
 
250
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
Graduation
rate,
college,
306,
309
Graduation
requirements,
154
Greek,
degrees
conferred,
253
Gross
domestic
product,
31,
37
Gross
domestic
product
price
deflator,
38
Guidance
personnel,
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
83
 
85
Guidance
personnel,
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
61
H
Health
and
physical
education,
activities
of
high
school
students,
144,
146,
147
Handicapped,
special
education
for
the,
53
 
56,
59,
107,
108,
211
Head
Start,
48,
361,
372
Health
professions
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
289
enrollment,
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
High
school
graduates
attainment,
8
 
14
attainment
in
the
work
force,
377
 
381
college
attendance
of,
183
 
185,
382
employment,
382
GED,
104
number,
39,
64,
100,
102,
183,
184,
382
private,
64,
100
public,
39,
93,
101,
102
total,
100,
183,
184,
382
High
school
seniors
activities,
144,
146,
147
attitudes,
140,
142
attendance
patterns,
153
college
applications,
185
college
plans,
145
drug
use,
150
employment,
384
enrollment,
41
 
43
expected
occupations,
141
reasons
for
taking
math
and
science
courses,
140
High
school
students'
extracurricular
activities,
144,
146,
147
High
schools.
See
Secondary
schools.
Higher
education,
1
 
5,
170
 
358
Higher
Education
Price
Index,
38
Hispanics
activities,
144,
146,
147
adult
education,
355,
356
attendance
patterns,
153
attitudes
about
school
climate,
142
courses
completed
by
high
school
students,
136
 
139
degrees
conferred,
8,
9,
12,
261
 
275,
298
 
305,
306
dropouts,
105,
106,
383
drug
use,
148
educational
attainment,
8,
9,
12
enrolled
in
colleges
and
universities,
183,
186,
206
 
212,
309,
310,
314,
382
enrolled
in
public
schools,
45
enrolled
in
school,
7
expected
occupations,
141
family
characteristics,
19
financial
aid,
314,
315
labor
force
participation,
377,
382,
383
literacy,
390
parental
involvement
in
school
activities,
25,
26
persistence
in
higher
education,
306,
309
population,
16
poverty,
21
testing,
109,
112,
113,
115,
118
 
121,
125
 
131
539
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
unemployment
rate,
379,
382,
383
years
of
school
completed,
8,
9,
12
Historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
218
 
220
Historical
summary
statistics
enrollment,
all
levels,
3
higher
education,
170
public
schools,
39
History,
degrees
conferred,
253,
296
faculty,
229
testing,
117,
118,
130
Home
activities,
50,
111,
113,
120,
124,
143,
144,
146,
147,
402,
425,
427,
428
Home
computers,
425,
427,
428
Home
economics
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
137
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
graduates,
organized
occupational
curricula,
247
 
249
Homework,
111,
124,
397,
399,
401,
403,
404
Hospitals,
university,
324
 
329,
331,
332,
336
 
340
Household
income,
20
Humanities
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
286
 
288,
295
 
297,
298,
301,
304
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
I
Illiteracy,
390.
Also
see
Educational
attainment.
Income
by
years
of
school
completed,
380
 
381
graduates,
380
 
381,
388
higher
education
institutions,
171,
216
 
219,
321,
324
 
334
personal,
37
public
schools,
39,
89,
93,
157
 
160
Institutions
of
higher
education
by
control,
5,
171,
179,
215,
241
 
243,
257
 
259
by
denominational
affiliation,
179
by
size
of
enrollment,
215,
217
by
type,
5,
215,
241
 
243
closing,
243
conferring
most
doctor's
degrees,
305
enrolling
largest
numbers
of
students,
216,
217
historically
black,
218
 
220
offering
remedial
instruction,
308
receiving
most
federal
funds,
335
traditionally
black,
218
 
220
with
large
endowments,
354
with
large
libraries,
421
Instruction
practices,
higher
education,
227,
228
Instruction
expenditures,
89,
94,
161
 
163,
165,
166,
336
 
340,
342
 
346,
351
Instructional
rooms,
number
of,
419
Instructional
staff,
elementary
and
secondary
schools
private,
61,
63
public,
39,
81
 
85
Interest
on
school
debt,
39,
161,
162,
165,
166
International
educational
comparisons,
391
 
412
Internet
access,
416,
417,
419,
424
 
427
Italian
degrees
conferred,
253
enrollment,
public
secondary
schools,
56
J
Journalism,
degrees
conferred,
253
Junior
colleges
faculty,
223
 
225,
227,
228,
230,
231,
234
 
237,
240
finance,
216,
218,
219,
321,
329,
335,
338,
344,
351
number,
5,
210,
236
 
238
staff,
223,
224
enrollment,
167,
170,
173
 
175,
177,
192,
194
 
197,
201,
202,
204,
208,
210
 
214,
306,
316
 
318
number,
5,
210,
236
 
238
Junior
high
schools,
96,
100
Junior­
senior
high
schools,
5,
96
 
98,
100
K
Kindergarten
activities,
50,
143
enrollment,
41
 
43,
46
 
48,
55,
143
readiness,
49
L
Labor
force
status
by
educational
attainment,
377
 
379,
382
 
387
disabled
persons
exiting
the
education
system,
107,
108
recent
college
graduates,
385
 
387
recent
high
school
dropouts,
383
recent
high
school
graduates,
382
Latin
degrees
conferred,
253
enrollment,
public
secondary
schools,
58
Law
first
 
professional
degrees
conferred,
259,
260,
274,
275
enrollment,
206
other
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
Letters,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
286
Level
of
school
completed,
8
 
14
Librarians
higher
education
institutions,
420,
421
public,
422
private
schools,
61,
415
public
schools,
83
 
85,
415
 
417
540
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
Libraries
college
and
university,
420,
421
large
university,
421
private
school,
415
public,
422,
423
public
school,
415
 
418
technology
use,
415
 
419
Library
expenditures
college
and
university,
336
 
340,
342
 
346,
351,
420,
421
public,
422,
423
Library
science,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
Life
sciences
courses
completed
by
high
school
graduates,
136,
138
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263
 
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
278,
279,
298,
302
enrollment,
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty,
229
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
Life
values,
376
Literacy,
390,
407,
408
Literature,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
286
Literature,
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
Local
basic
administrative
units,
90
 
95
Local
public
school
systems
with
largest
enrollments,
93
 
95
Local
sources,
receipts
from
higher
education,
33
 
36,
324
 
329,
331
 
343
public
schools,
33
 
36,
39,
89,
94,
157
 
159
Lunch,
school
program,
162,
165,
166,
361,
371,
373
M
Major
field
of
study
earned
degrees,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
274
 
304
enrollment
in
higher
education,
213,
214
federal
obligations
to
colleges,
370
Master's
degrees,
9,
11,
170,
171,
216,
218,
219,
244,
246,
251,
253
 
258,
267
 
269,
276
 
297
Mathematics
attitudes
about
classes,
140
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
123,
136,
138
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
290
enrollment,
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty,
229
testing,
120
 
125,
129,
131
 
135,
310,
397,
398,
401
 
403,
405
Medical
laboratory
technologies,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
249
Medicine
degrees
conferred,
253
first­
professional
degrees,
259,
260,
274,
275
enrollment,
213,
214
Membership,
public
schools,
39.
Also
see
Enrollment.
Mentally
retarded,
special
education,
53,
54,
107,
108
Metropolitan
area,
internet
access,
419
participation
in
federal
programs,
373,
374
public
school
statistics,
89
testing,
109,
115,
129
years
of
school
completed,
14
Microcomputers,
use
of,
415
 
417,
424
 
428
Middle
schools,
number,
96,
99
Migration
of
college
students,
203
 
205
Military
sciences,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
253,
255
 
258,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
Minimum­
competency
testing
for
students,
122,
155
Minimum­
competency
testing
for
teachers,
156
Minorities
college
graduation
rates,
306,
309
degrees
conferred,
218,
261
 
275,
298
 
304,
306
educational
attainment,
8
 
10,
12
enrolled
in
colleges,
183,
184,
186,
206
 
212,
217
enrolled
in
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
45
enrolled
in
school,
7
high
school
courses
taken,
136
 
139
high
school
dropouts,
105,
106,
383
high
school
graduates,
183,
382
testing,
109,
112,
115,
117
 
121,
125
 
131
Mobility
of
teachers,
73,
77
Music,
degrees
conferred,
253
Music
education,
degrees
conferred,
253
Music,
participation
in
high
school
activities,
144,
146,
147
N
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress
art,
130
geography,
118,
119
history,
117,
118,
129
international
geography,
396
international
reading
literacy,
407,
408
mathematics,
120
 
123,
125,
129
music,
130
reading,
109
 
114,
130
science,
127
 
129
theatre,
130
visual
arts,
130
writing,
115,
116
Natural
science
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136,
138,
139
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
Nonprofit
higher
education
institutions
541
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
enrollment,
170,
172,
178,
179,
196,
209,
215,
216,
217
degrees,
170,
216,
finances,
216,
327,
345,
346,
350
institutions,
179,
209,
215
staff,
170
Nonpublic
schools.
See
Private
schools.
Nursery
school,
41,
42,
46
 
48,
143
Nursing,
degrees
conferred,
247
 
249,
253
O
Occupational
programs
(
higher
education)
awards,
247
 
249
enrollment,
213
schools
offering,
5
Occupational
programs
(
secondary),
137
Occupation
and
employment
college
graduates,
377
 
381,
385
 
388
expected
occupations
of
8th,
10th
and
12th
graders,
141
high
school
graduates,
107,
108,
377
 
382
high
school
seniors,
384
school
dropouts,
377
 
381,
383
Office
occupations
(
vocational)
credits,
137
One­
teacher
schools,
public,
90,
96
Operation
and
maintenance
expenditures
elementary
and
secondary,
89,
161,
162,
165,
166
higher
education,
336
 
340,
342
 
346,
351
Opinions
on
education
attitudes
about
classes,
140
average
grade
for
schools,
22
opinions
about
school
climate,
28,
142
opinions
about
schools,
22
 
29,
70,
75
 
77
perception
about
student
behavior,
27,
142,
151
problems
in
schools,
23,
27,
28,
142,
148,
151
school
choice,
24
teachers'
attitudes,
27,
28,
70
Organized
occupational
curricula,
formal
awards
based
on,
247
 
249
Outcomes
of
education,
375
 
390.
Also
see
Degrees
and
Graduates.

P
Parental
involvement,
23,
25
 
28,
140,
143
Part­
time
college
students,
172,
174
 
182,
187
 
189,
193
 
195,
217,
218
Pell
grants,
finance,
323,
361,
363,
365,
366
Pell
grants,
received
by
students,
319
Per
capita
personal
income,
37
Per
pupil
cost
of
transportation,
52
Per
pupil
expenditures,
39,
89,
94,
167
 
169,
413
Per
student
expenditures
(
higher
education),
335,
336,
342
 
346,
351
Persistence
in
higher
education,
306,
309
Personal
income,
37
Pharmacy,
degrees
conferred,
253,
260,
274,
275
Philosophy
and
religion,
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
274,
275
Physical
education,
degrees
conferred,
253
Physical
plant
additions,
352
Physical
plant,
higher
education,
value
of,
171,
353
Physical
sciences
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136,
138,
139
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
291,
292,
298,
303
enrollment
in
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty,
229
Physics,
degrees
conferred,
253,
292
Plant
value,
higher
education,
171,
353
Preschool
education,
41,
42,
46
 
48,
143
Political
science
degrees
conferred,
253,
296
faculty,
229
Population
by
continent,
393
by
country,
394
by
years
of
school
completed,
8
 
14
percent
enrolled
in
school,
6,
7
poverty,
20,
21
school­
age,
15
 
17
total,
15,
17,
37,
39
Postsecondary
education,
5,
170
 
358.
Also
see
Higher
education.
Poverty,
20,
21
Preprimary
programs,
enrollment
in,
41
 
43,
46
 
48,
53,
54,
56
Price
indexes,
38
Principals,
private
schools,
61,
88
Principals,
public
schools,
83
 
85,
88
Private
elementary
and
secondary
schools
college
application
rates,
185
enrollment,
1
 
3,
46,
57,
59,
60,
62
 
64
expenditures,
32,
33
graduates,
64,
101
libraries,
415
mobility
of
teachers,
73
number,
5,
60,
62,
64,
90
opinions
of
teachers,
27,
28
principals,
61,
88
pupils
per
teacher,
61,
65
salaries
of
teachers,
74
staff,
1,
61
teachers,
1,
4,
61,
63
 
65,
68,
73,
74
Private
gifts
and
grants,
higher
education,
324
 
329,
331,
332,
341
Private
institutions
of
higher
education
degrees
conferred,
170,
245,
254
 
259
endowment,
354
542
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
enrollment,
2,
3,
170,
172,
173,
176
 
182,
187
 
189,
192,
195,
196,
198
 
202,
206,
209,
215
 
220,
317
 
320
expenditures,
32,
33,
335,
337,
340,
345,
346,
349
 
351
faculty
number,
4,
221
 
225,
230,
231,
233,
234
faculty
salaries,
228,
233
 
239
faculty
tenure,
240
financial
aid,
316
 
322
number,
5,
179,
209,
215,
241
 
243,
257
 
259
opinions,
29
physical
plant
additions,
352
revenues,
33,
322,
326,
329,
333
student
charges,
311
 
313
Professional
degrees.
See
Degrees
and
First
 
professional
degrees.
Property,
higher
education,
value
of,
171,
353,
354
Protective
services,
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
Protestant
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
Psychology
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
293
enrollment,
213,
214
faculty,
229
Public
affairs,
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272
Public
elementary
and
secondary
schools
districts,
90
 
94
college
application
rates,
185
enrollment,
1
 
3,
39
 
46,
52,
57,
59,
67,
87,
89,
91,
94,
95,
96
expenditures,
32,
33,
35,
36,
39,
89,
94,
161
 
169
finance,
34
 
36
graduates,
93,
101,
102
graduation
requirements,
154
instructional
staff,
39,
83
 
85
librarians,
83
 
85
libraries,
415
 
417
minimum­
competency
testing,
124,
155,
156
number,
5,
89,
90,
93,
96
 
100
principals,
83
 
85,
88
revenue
receipts,
39,
89,
94,
157
 
160
teachers,
1,
4,
39,
65
 
70,
83
 
86,
89,
93
telecommunications
use,
415
 
419
Public
institutions
of
higher
education
degrees
conferred,
170,
245,
254
 
259
endowment,
354
enrollment,
2,
3,
170,
172,
173,
176
 
182,
187
 
189,
192,
195,
196,
198
 
202,
206,
209,
215
 
220,
317
 
320
expenditures,
32,
33,
335,
337,
339,
342
 
345,
347,
348
faculty
number,
4,
221
 
225,
227,
228,
230,
231,
234
faculty
salaries,
230,
233
 
239
faculty
tenure,
240
financial
aid,
316
 
322
number,
5,
179,
209,
215,
241
 
243,
257
 
259
opinions,
29
physical
plant
additions,
352
revenues,
33,
322,
325,
329
 
333
student
charges,
311
 
313
Public
opinions
on
schools,
22
 
24,
27,
29,
70,
743
 
77
Public
school
systems,
90
 
95
Pupils.
See
Enrollment.
Pupil/
staff
ratio,
61,
83,
87
Pupil/
teacher
ratio,
61,
65,
67,
83,
89,
92
Pupil,
expenditure
per,
39,
89,
93,
168,
169,
412
Pupils
transported
at
public
expense,
52
R
Race
adult
education,
355,
356
college
faculty,
222,
226,
230,
231
 
233
college
graduation
rates,
306,
309
courses
completed
by
high
school
students,
136
 
139
degrees
conferred,
9,
10,
12,
218,
261
 
275,
298
 
304,
306,
309,
314
enrolled
in
college,
183,
186,
206
 
212,
218
enrolled
in
preprimary
education,
46,
48
enrolled
in
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
45
enrolled
in
school,
7
going
to
college,
145,
183,
185,
186,
382
high
school
dropouts,
8
 
10,
12,
106,
107,
383
high
school
graduates,
8
 
10,
12,
183,
382
high
school
program,
135
labor
force
participation,
377,
382,
383
literacy,
390
parental
involvement
in
education,
25,
26
persistence
in
higher
education,
306,
309
population,
16
poverty,
21
testing,
109,
112,
113,
115,
118
 
121,
125
 
131
unemployment,
379,
382,
383
years
of
school
completed,
8
 
10,
12
Readiness
for
school,
49
Reading
tests,
109
 
114,
129,
131
 
135,
407,
408
Receipts.
See
Revenue.
Regular
4­
year
high
schools,
96,
100
Religion
degrees
conferred,
253.
Also
see
Philosophy
and
religion.
Religious
affiliation
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
60
 
63,
140
 
142,
144
 
146
institutions
of
higher
education,
179
Remedial
instruction,
58,
308
543
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
Research
funds,
336
 
340,
342
 
346,
351,
359,
361,
369,
370
Residence
and
migration
of
college
students,
203
 
205
Resident
population,
15
 
17,
39
Retention
rates
in
higher
education,
306,
309
Revenues,
institutions
of
higher
education,
33,
171,
322,
324
 
333
Revenues,
receipts,
public
schools,
33,
39,
89,
94,
157
 
160
Room
charges,
311,
312
Russian
degrees
conferred,
253
enrollment,
public
secondary
schools,
58
S
Salaries
higher
education
bachelor's
degree
recipients,
380,
381,
388
faculty,
230,
231,
233
 
239
library
expenditures
for,
420,
421
private
school
teachers,
74
public
schools
outlays,
162,
163
teachers,
74,
78
 
82
total
instructional
staff,
39,
81,
82
Scholarships
and
fellowships,
320
 
323,
338
 
340,
336
 
340,
342
 
346,
351
Scholastic
Assessment
Test,
131
 
134
School­
age
population,
16,
17,
39
School
assistance
in
federally
affected
areas,
89,
361,
363,
365,
366
School
districts,
90
 
95
School
lunch
program,
361,
371,
373,
418
School
readiness,
65
School
systems,
90
 
95
School
year,
length,
39,
124,
152,
397
School
years
completed,
8
 
14
Schools
climate,
27,
28,
142
elementary
and
secondary
private,
5,
60,
62,
64,
90
public,
5,
89,
90,
93,
96
 
100
higher
education,
5,
171,
179,
209,
215,
241
 
243,
257
 
259
noncollegiate
postsecondary,
358
Science
attitudes
about
classes,
140
courses
taken
by
college
graduates,
307
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136,
138,
139
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
276,
278,
279,
291,
292,
298,
302,
303
enrollment
in
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
testing,
126
 
129,
135,
310,
399,
400,
404,
406
Secondary
schools
private,
5,
60,
62,
63,
90
public
junior
high,
96,
100
total,
5,
90,
96
 
98,
100
Secondary
school
teachers,
public,
by
field,
71,
72
Senior
high
schools,
96,
100
Size
of
enrollment
institutions
of
higher
education,
215
largest
colleges,
216,
217
largest
school
districts,
93
 
95
school
districts,
91
schools,
97,
416
Social
sciences
credits
earned
by
college
graduates,
307
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
295,
296,
298,
304
enrollment,
higher
education,
213,
214
faculty
in
higher
education,
229,
232,
233
Social
work,
degrees
conferred,
253
Sociology
degrees
conferred,
253,
296
faculty,
229
Software,
use
of,
426,
427
Spanish
degrees
conferred,
253,
288
enrollment,
public
high
schools,
58
Spanish
origin.
See
Hispanic.
Special
education
completions,
107,
108
degrees
conferred,
253
enrollment,
53
 
56,
59,
211
Speech,
degrees
conferred,
253
Sports,
participation
in
school
activities,
144,
146,
147
Staff.
See
Faculty,
Classroom
teachers,
Instructional.
Staff,
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
1,
60
public
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
1,
39,
83
 
87,
160
all
schools,
1
pupil/
staff
ratio,
61,
83,
87
State
adult
basic
education,
357
assessment,
113,
114,
122,
123
class
size,
69
compulsory
school
attendance,
152
degrees
conferred,
245,
246
Department
of
Agriculture
obligations,
371
Department
of
Education
obligations,
365
 
367
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services
allocations,
372
educational
attainment,
11
 
14
enrollment
in
higher
education,
182,
190
 
199,
201
 
205,
210
enrollment
in
private
schools,
64
544
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
enrollment
in
public
schools,
40
 
42,
44,
45,
67,
87
expenditure
per
pupil,
167,
168
expenditures
for
public
higher
education,
347
 
350
expenditures
for
public
schools,
160,
164
 
168
federal
obligations
to
colleges,
365,
366,
369
governmental
expenditures,
35,
36
graduation
requirements,
154
Head
Start
allocations,
372
high
school
graduates,
private,
64
high
school
graduates,
public,
102
homework,
124
household
income,
20
instruction
expenditures,
163,
165,
166
mathematics,
122
 
124
minimum­
competency
testing,
124,
155,
156
number
of
institutions
of
higher
education,
242
number
of
noncollegiate
institutions,
358
number
of
public
schools,
98
 
100
number
of
school
districts,
92
population,
17
poverty,
20
proficiency
in
mathematics,
122,
123
proficiency
in
reading,
113,
114
pupil/
teacher
ratio,
67
residence
and
migration
of
college
students,
203
 
205
revenues
for
higher
education,
330
 
333
revenues
for
public
schools,
158
 
160
salaries,
public
instructional
staff,
81
salaries,
public
school
teachers,
79,
80
salaries,
higher
education
faculty,
236
 
239
Scholastic
Assessment
Test,
134
staff,
public
schools,
84
 
87,
160
state
education
agencies,
160
state
regulations,
55,
152,
154
 
156
state
student
financial
aid,
324
teachers,
private
schools,
64
teachers,
public
schools,
66,
67,
84
 
86
teachers,
characteristics
of
public
school,
69
television
watching,
114,
126
testing,
113,
114,
122,
123,
135
tuition
and
fees
in
higher
education,
312
years
of
school
completed,
11
 
14
State
governments,
receipts
from
higher
education,
324
 
329,
329
 
333
public
schools,
157
 
159
Statistics,
degrees
conferred,
253
Statistics
related
to
American
education,
375
 
390
Structure
of
education
in
the
U.
S.,
figure
1
Student
fees,
higher
education,
311
 
313
private
elementary
and
secondary,
62
Student
loan
(
Federal)
program,
314
 
320,
359,
361,
363
Students.
See
Enrollment.
Students
receiving
financial
aid,
314
 
320
Supplies
expenditure,
162,
163
T
Teachers
all
levels
of
education,
1,
4
elementary
and
secondary
schools
by
field,
71
by
sex,
39,
68,
70
characteristics,
68
 
73
large
districts,
93
opinions,
27,
28,
50,
70,
75
 
77,
151
private,
1,
4,
61,
63
 
65,
68,
73,
74
pupil/
teacher
ratio,
61,
65,
67,
83,
89,
93
public,
1,
4,
39,
65
 
80,
83
 
86,
89,
93
salaries,
74,
78
 
80
higher
education
instructional
staff
number,
4,
221
 
233
salaries,
230,
231,
233
 
239
tenure,
240
Technology,
use
of,
415
 
419,
424
 
428
Technical
education,
enrollment,
213,
355,
356
Technical
programs,
degrees,
247
 
249
Telecommunications,
415
 
419,
424
 
427
Television,
114,
120,
124,
143,
146,
402,
415
 
417
Tenure
of
higher
education
faculty,
240
Tests
American
College
Testing,
135
Graduate
Record
Examination,
310
international,
396
 
408
minimum
 
competency,
124,
154,
155
National
Assessment
of
Educational
Progress,
107
 
128,
130
National
Education
Longitudinal
Study,
129
Scholastic
Assessment
Test,
131
 
134
Theology,
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
255
 
258,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272,
273,
274
Total
expenditures.
See
Expenditures.
Trade
and
industry
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136,
137
Traditionally
black
colleges,
218
 
220
Transportation
of
public
school
pupils,
52,
161,
162,
164,
165
Tuition
and
fees,
higher
education,
311
 
313
Tuition,
private
elementary
and
secondary
schools,
62
Tuition
revenues,
higher
education,
322,
324
 
329,
331,
332
Two­
year
institutions
enrollment,
170,
173,
176
 
178,
180,
181,
196,
198
 
201,
206,
209,
213,
215,
216,
217
 
220,
314
 
318
faculty,
222
 
225,
227,
228,
230,
231,
234
 
238
finance,
216,
322,
329,
335,
337,
344,
351
number,
5,
209,
215,
241
 
243
staff,
222,
223
545
INDEX
OF
TABLE
NUMBERS
U
Undergraduate
enrollment,
2,
175,
177,
180,
187,
197
 
199,
207,
208,
211
 
213,
216,
314
 
318
Unemployment,
51,
379,
382,
383,
386
U.
S.
education,
structure
of,
(
figure
1)
Universities
enrollment,
173,
209,
215
finances,
329,
337,
342,
435,
351
number,
209,
215,
242
V
Value
of
physical
plant,
higher
education,
171,
352
 
354
Value
of
endowment
funds,
higher
education,
171,
353,
343
Value
of
property,
higher
education,
171,
353
Values,
life,
376
Veterinary
medicine
degrees
conferred,
260,
274,
275
enrollment
for
professional
degrees,
214
Violence,
student
exposure
to,
23,
27,
142,
148,
151
Visual
and
performing
arts,
degrees
conferred,
241
 
248,
250
 
253,
256,
257,
260,
262,
263,
265,
266,
268,
269,
271,
272297
Vocational
education
awards,
170,
247
 
249
credits
earned
by
high
school
students,
136,
137
enrollment,
170,
355,
356
federal
funds,
361,
363,
365,
366
institutions
offering,
358
teachers,
68
Volumes
college
and
university
libraries,
420,
421
public
libraries,
422
 
423
private
school
libraries,
415
public
school
libraries,
415
 
417
Voluntary
support
for
education,
30,
341
W
Wages.
See
Income.
Whites
activities,
144,
146,
147
adult
education,
355,
356
attendance
patterns,
153
attitudes
about
schools,
142
courses
taken
by
high
school
students,
136
 
140
degrees
conferred,
9,
10,
12,
218,
261
 
275,
298
 
304,
306
dropouts,
105,
106,
383
drug
use,
148
educational
attainment,
8
 
10,
12
enrolled
in
colleges
and
universities,
183,
186,
206
 
212,
218,
219,
309,
314,
382
enrolled
in
public
schools,
45
enrolled
in
school,
7
expected
occupations,
141
family
characteristics,
19
financial
aid,
314,
315
historically
black
colleges
and
universities,
218
 
220
labor
force
participation,
377,
382,
383
literacy,
390
parental
involvement
in
school
activities,
26
persistence
in
higher
education,
306,
309
population,
16
poverty
status,
21
testing,
109,
112
 
115,
118
 
121,
125,
126,
128
 
131
unemployment
rate,
379,
382,
383
years
of
school
completed,
8
 
10,
12
Writing
tests,
115,
116
Y
Years
of
school
completed
adult
population,
8
 
14
income,
380,
381
labor
force,
377
occupations,
378
unemployment,
379
Z
Zoology,
degrees
conferred,
253