Document ID: EPA-R02-OAR-2010-0482-0017
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2012-12-14T05:00Z

Control Measure:	

This project covers the expansion of existing bicycle facilities and the
creation of entirely new facilities throughout the state.  This will
encourage bicycle use for work and other trip purposes, replacing some
motorized trips and leading to a reduction in emissions

Description:

Counties throughout the state of New Jersey have a number of programmed
(funded) and proposed bicycle facilities.  These new and expanded
facilities will help to attract shorter distant trips away from autos
and will have a corresponding reduction in emissions.  Both commuter
trips and recreational trips will be attracted to these new facilities.

Methodology:

The NJ-AQONE software package, specifically the “Bicycle
Improvements” project type, was used in the evaluation of the impact
of the proposed bike trails.  Separate runs were done for each county to
reflect local conditions.

One of the major inputs into the analysis was the length of the existing
bicycle facilities and the total length of new facilities to be created.
 The GIS based inventory data supplied with the NJDOT Bicycle/Pedestrian
Master Planning Phase Two CD ROM was used for this Information.  These
bicycle facility inventory databases contain the follow information for
both on and off road facilities:

A list of know, existing facilities

A list of programmed (funded) future facilities

A list of proposed (unfunded) future facilities

For the purposes of this analysis, the total amount of existing bike
trails was set equal to the total on-road and off-road recorded in the
database.  For the length of the future (2009) bicycle trails, all of
the programmed and 10% of the proposed trails were included.  The
service area captured by the proposed bike trails was assumed to be a 1
mile wide band along the total length of new the trails.

Inputs/Assumptions:

The length of the existing and future bicycle trails was obtained from
the NJDOT Bicycle/Pedestrian Master Plan Phase 2 Facility Inventory and
is summarized in Table 1

Project impacts were estimated using the NJ-AQONE Bicycle Improvements
methodology.  This methodology estimates the total number of commuter
and recreational trips that the proposed facility would attract
currently using auto

The length of the additional trails was assumed to include all
programmed (funded) facilities and 10% of proposed facilities.  The
relatively low 10% figure was based on the assumption that most of the
proposed trails, if built at all, would not be completed within the next
4-5 year (the timeframe of the RACM analysis)

For the remaining inputs, the default values supplied by the NJAQONE
software were used

The service area (an input required by the software) was approximated by
multiplying the total length of the new facilities by 1 mile, yielding
an estimate of the total service area

Each county was analyzed separately and results totaled statewide and by
non-attainment area (both Ozone and PM 2.5).  Output from the software
is found at the end of this documentation.

Table 1: Inventory of Existing, Programmed and Proposed Bike Trails in
New Jersey

County	Existing (Miles)	Programmed (Miles)	Proposed (Miles)	10% of
Proposed (Miles)	Total Effective Future (Miles)	Estimated Service Area
(Miles)

Atlantic	38.78	14.90	191.44	19.14	34.05	36.05

Bergen	15.22	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.00

Burlington	88.95	0.00	158.00	15.80	15.80	17.80

Camden	26.66	10.14	35.94	3.59	13.73	15.73

Cape May	23.05	12.22	2.73	0.27	12.49	14.49

Cumberland	0.67	0.00	80.08	8.01	8.01	10.01

Essex	40.46	20.48	5.53	0.55	21.04	23.04

Gloucester	4.43	3.65	9.30	0.93	4.58	6.58

Hudson	3.22	2.68	2.31	0.23	2.92	4.92

Hunterdon	120.99	3.63	182.03	18.20	21.84	23.84

Mercer	78.34	2.21	3.68	0.37	2.58	4.58

Middlesex	30.81	21.47	205.09	20.51	41.98	43.98

Monmouth	118.82	8.62	33.36	3.34	11.95	13.95

Morris	292.95	6.52	263.95	26.39	32.92	34.92

Ocean	21.98	4.61	21.90	2.19	6.80	8.80

Passaic	40.16	11.14	1.76	0.18	11.32	13.32

Salem	8.04	0.00	105.71	10.57	10.57	12.57

Somerset	52.38	23.28	0.00	0.00	23.28	25.28

Sussex	64.87	5.70	41.35	4.13	9.84	11.84

Union	14.15	0.00	16.41	1.64	1.64	3.64

Warren	5.94	1.57	1.32	0.13	1.70	3.70

Results: Statewide Summer Day/Annual Benefits

Total VT Reduced = 992 trips/day Statewide

Total VMT Reduced = 2,591 miles/day Statewide

Emission Reductions (Statewide):

Pollutant

Type	Analysis Year 2009

	Tons/Day	Tons/Year

VOC	0.0027	-

NOx	0.0018	0.47

PM2.5	-	0.02

SO2	-	0.01

Ozone Analysis – Daily Benefits in New Jersey

Benefits (Reductions)	Ozone Non-Attainment Area

	New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island,

NY-NJ-CT	Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City

PA-NJ-MD-DE

VT	839	153

VMT	2,193	398

VOC (Tons/Day)	0.0023	0.0043

NOx (Tons/Day)	0.0015	0.00029

PM2.5 Analysis – Annual Benefits in New Jersey

Benefits (Reductions)	PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area

	New York-N. New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT	Philadelphia-Wilmington

PA-NJ-DE

VT	204,500	534,000

VMT	19,500	50,750

NOx (Tons/Year)	0.38	0.041

PM2.5 (Tons/Year)	0.017	0.0016

SO2 (Tons/Year)	0.010	0.0010

Cost/Benefit Analysis

Total costs were estimated as follows:

For Off-Road Facilities:

Capital Cost: $150,000/Mile over 15 Years

Operating/Maintenance: $6,000/Mile/Year

Total Annual cost: $16,000/Mile/Year

For On-Road Facilities

$4,500/Mile over 5 years = $900/Mile/Year

Total cost for the various non-attainment areas are as follows:

County	Estimated Cost For Each AQ Region

	Ozone	PM 2.5

	NY-NJ-CT	PA-NJ-DE-MA	NY-NJ-CT	PA-NJ-DE

Atlantic	$0	$30,642	$0	$0

Bergen	$0	$0	$0	$0

Burlington	$0	$151,138	$0	$151,138

Camden	$0	$74,948	$0	$74,948

Cape May	$0	$148,908	$0	$0

Cumberland	$0	$24,809	$0	$0

Essex	$59,084	$0	$59,084	$0

Gloucester	$0	$49,182	$0	$49,182

Hudson	$2,624	$0	$2,624	$0

Hunterdon	$24,157	$0	$0	$0

Mercer	$0	$41,237	$41,237	$0

Middlesex	$348,920	$0	$348,920	$0

Monmouth	$111,905	$0	$111,905	$0

Morris	$432,186	$0	$432,186	$0

Ocean	$0	$103,530	$0	$0

Passaic	$104,893	$0	$104,893	$0

Salem	$0	$9,514	$0	$0

Somerset	$110,063	$0	$110,063	$0

Sussex	$145,873	$0	$0	$0

Union	$1,477	$0	$1,477	$0

Warren	$3,531	$0	$0	$0

Total	$1,344,712	$633,907	$1,212,388	$275,268

Cost/Benefit Results

Pollutant	Cost/Benefit for Each Pollutant

	Ozone*	PM 2.5

	NY-NJ-CT	PA-NJ-DE-MD	NY-NJ-CT	PA-NJ-DE

VOC ($/Ton/Day)	$2,345,969	$5,898,172	-	-

NOx ($/Ton/Day)	$3,485,440	$8,847,258	-	-

NOx ($/Ton/Year)	-	-	$3,190,496	$6,660,958

PM2.5 ($/Ton/Year)	-	-	$69,788,164	$171,040,616

SO2 ($/Ton/Year)	-	-	$116,387,456	$287,033,677

*Daily Costs used in calculation of cost/benefit ratio are Annual costs
divided by 250

NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Statewide Expansion of Bicycle Facilities

RACM Analysis

Michael Baker Jr., Inc.		Page   PAGE  1