Document ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0012-0926
Agency: epa
Document Type: Supporting & Related Material
Title: 
Posted Date: 2004-04-08T04:00Z

NVFEL
NR
Cycle
Test
Report
Page
1
Purpose
The
purpose
of
this
test
sequence
was
to
determine
if
the
proposed
Ramped
Modal
Cycle
(
RMC)
emissions
with
a
2013­
like
engine
and
catalyst
system
correlated
to
the
established
steady
state
8
mode
test
cycle
for
nonroad
diesel
engines
(
C­
1).
In
addition
two
PM
measurement
filter
media
were
checked
for
correlation.
Results
of
the
PM
media
correlation
will
be
reported
separately.
The
RMC
test
was
developed
in
part
to
capture
discrete
regeneration
events
associated
with
advanced
catalyst
systems
like
NOx
adsorbers
that
are
anticipated
to
meet
future
non­
road
emission
standards.
To
achieve
this
the
RMC
calls
for
sampling
gaseous
and
particulate
emissions
continuously
over
the
cycle.
The
C­
1
specifies
that
samples
be
taken
for
only
a
portion
of
the
time
at
each
mode.

Test
Procedures
Engine
Description
The
engine
used
for
this
testing
was
a
European
Cummins
ISBe
onhighway
engine
with
a
5.9
l
displacement.
The
engine
details
are
shown
in
Table
1.
The
engine
was
de­
rated
to
simulate
a
non­
road
(
NR)
application.
A
lowpressure
loop
EGR
system
was
used
to
reduce
engine
out
NOx
emissions.
This
system
draws
exhaust
downstream
of
the
catalysts,
cools
it
with
engine
coolant,
and
introduces
it
to
the
compressor
inlet
via
an
STT
EMTEC
valve.
The
EGR
and
fuel
system
calibrations
allowed
the
engine
to
achieve
about
2.5
g/
hp­
hr
NOx
over
the
RMC
and
C­
1
cycles.

Table
1:
Summary
of
major
engine
specifications.

Engine:
2002
Cummins
ISBe
Engine
Configuration:
6­
cylinder,
turbocharged­
aftercooled,
DI
diesel
with
4­
valves/
cylinder
Rated
Power:
134
kW
(
180
bhp)
@
2500
rpm
Peak
Torque:
746
N­
m
(
550
ft­
lb)
@
1800
rpm
Fuel
System:
Bosch
Common
Rail
Bore
X
Stroke:
102
mm
X
120
mm
Displacement:
5.88
L
Compression
Ratio:
16.3:
1
NVFEL
NR
Cycle
Test
Report
Page
2
Exhaust
System
Description
A
multi­
path
catalyst
system
as
described
previously
in
SAE
2003­
01­
2305
was
used
for
this
test.
This
system
consists
of
four
exhaust
flow
paths
each
containing
a
PM
filter
and
NOx
adsorber.
A
DOC
was
located
after
the
four
flow
paths
were
rejoined
into
a
single
path.
The
catalyst
details
are
described
in
Table
2.
The
multi­
path
system
regenerates
the
NOx
adsorbers
periodically
by
closing
off
the
regenerating
leg.
While
the
exhaust
flow
is
reduced
in
this
way
diesel
fuel
is
injected
to
cause
the
exhaust
to
go
rich
and
regenerate
the
adsorber.

Test
Fuel
The
fuel
used
for
this
testing
was
Phillips
Chemical
Company
Lot
2CULD01.
The
fuel
was
specified
to
be
similar
to
what
is
expected
to
be
available
starting
in
2006.
The
key
exception
is
the
sulfur
level
that
is
well
below
the
2007
cap
of
15
ppm.
The
specifications
are
given
in
Table
3.

Test
Cycles
Initially
the
C­
1
was
run
with
10
minute
modes
as
specified
by
ISO
8178­
4
8.1.2.
Likewise
emissions
were
recorded
for
the
last
3
minutes
of
each
mode.
A
single
PM
sample
was
taken
for
the
complete
cycle.
PM
was
time­
weighted
according
to
the
modal
weighting
factors.
In
this
case
a
2
or
3
minute
sample
was
taken
for
each
mode
depending
on
the
weighting.
The
engine
was
conditioned
for
5
minutes
at
rated
power
prior
to
each
cycle.
Table
2.
Summary
of
the
major
specifications
of
the
exhaust
emission
control
system
components.

Device
Monolith
Type
Cell
Density
(
cpsi)
Wall
Thickness
(
mil)
Diameter
(
inches)
Length
(
inches)
PGM
Pt/
Pd/
Rh
PGM
Loading
(
g/
ft3)
Base
Metal
Type**
Monoli
th
Volum
e
(
L)
Total
Volume
(
L)

CDPF
Corning
DuraTrap
EC
 
200
12
5.66
6
1/
0/
0
50
n/
a
2.47
9.88
NOx
Adsorber
Corning
Celcor
 
400
4
5.66
10
Trimetal*
 
100
Ba,
K
4.12
16.48
DOC
Corning
Celcor
 
400
4
9.5
6
1/
0/
0
70
n/
a
6.97
6.97
*
Supplier
did
not
provide
the
PGM
ratio
for
combined
4"
and
6"
two
substrate
NOx
adsorber
assembly
(
totaling
10"
in
length
per
flow
path).
**
Supplier
did
not
provide
base
metal
loading
information
for
the
NOx
adsorbers
tested.
NVFEL
NR
Cycle
Test
Report
Page
3
The
C­
1
cycle
was
repeated
with
5
minute
modes
as
specified
in
40
CFR
89
Subpart
E
Appendix
B
Table
1,
8­
Mode
Test
Cycle
For
Variable­
Speed
Engines.
Modal
and
gaseous
emissions
were
recorded
for
the
last
3
minutes
of
each
mode
to
satisfy
40
CFR
89.407(
c)(
10­
11).

The
RMC's
were
also
conditioned
at
rated
power
for
5
minutes
prior
to
start.
The
RMC
was
run
as
both
20­
minute
and
30­
minute
cycles
for
comparison
purposes.
The
cycles
were
run
with
20­
second
ramps
between
modes
according
to
the
sequence
and
times
given
in
Table
4.
The
table
does
not
include
the
20
second
ramps
between
modes.

Table
4.
RMC
Cycles
20
min.
Cycle
30
min.
Cycle
Mode
Speed
Torque
(%)
Time
(
s)
Time
(
s)
1
Idle
no
load
81
126
2
Intermediate
100
99
159
3
Intermediate
50
100
160
4
Intermediate
75
102
162
5
Rated
100
156
246
6
Rated
10
104
164
7
Rated
75
158
248
8
Rated
50
157
247
9
Idle
no
load
83
128
The
first
set
of
C­
1
and
RMC
cycles
was
run
with
two
different
filter
media.
The
test
sequence
is
shown
in
Table
5.
The
second
set
of
cycles
was
run
without
PM
measurement.
The
second
set
alternated
C­
1
and
RMC
cycles.
Table
3.
Summary
of
diesel
fuel
properties.

Test
Method
Results
Net
Heat
of
Combustion,
ASTM
D3338­
92
(
MJ/
kg)
43.07
Density
@
15.5
°
C
(
g/
cm3)
0.8343
Cetane
Number
43.0
Cetane
Index
50.3
Olefins,
FIA
D1319­
93
(%
Vol.)
3.5
Aromatics,
D1319­
93
(%
Vol.)
26.2
Sulfur,
ASTM
D2622
(
ppm
mass)
<
0.7
Carbon,
ASTM
D3343­
95
(%
mass)
0.8658
Distillation
Properties,
ASTM
D86
IBP
(
°
C):
178
10
%
(
°
C):
200
50
%
(
°
C):
257
90
%
(
°
C):
322
End
Point
(
°
C):
351
NVFEL
NR
Cycle
Test
Report
Page
4
Table
5.
Initial
Test
Sequence
Cycle
Filter
Media
a)
C­
1
TX­
40
b)
C­
1
teflo
c)
RMC
TX­
40
d)
RMC
teflo
e)
repeat
a­
d
7x
The
intermediate
and
rated
speeds
for
this
engine
were
determined
to
be
1818
rpm
and
2500
rpm
respectively.
One
hundred
percent
load
values
were
550
and
380
lb­
ft
at
these
speeds.

Laboratory
The
engine
and
exhaust
emission
control
system
was
tested
at
Heavy­
Duty
Engine
Site
2
at
the
U.
S.
EPA
 
NVFEL
facility
in
Ann
Arbor,
MI.
The
test
site
is
equipped
with
a
600
hp
DC
dynamometer
and
a
Horiba
full­
flow
CVS
and
particulate
measurement
system.
Dilute
gaseous
regulated
emissions
were
measured
using
a
Horiba
MEXA
7200DLE
analyzer
bench
per
40
CFR
§
86
Subpart
N.

Results
Test
results
are
discussed
in
the
text
of
the
Control
of
Emissions
of
Air
Pollution
from
Nonroad
Diesel
Engines
and
Fuel
RIA,
section
4.3.1.2.
A
summary
table
of
data
is
given
in
Table
6.
NVFEL
NR
Cycle
Test
Report
Page
5
Table
6.
Emission
Summary
ISO
C­
1
(
80
minutes
total)
Run
Nox
(
g/
hp­
hr)
HC
(
g/
hp­
hr)
CO
(
g/
hp­
hr)
PM
(
g/
hp­
hr)
Filter
C­
1
a
0.28
0.10
0.00
0.008
TX­
40
C­
1
b
0.32
0.12
0.00
0.006
Teflo
C­
1
e
0.33
0.10
0.00
0.006
TX­
41
C­
1
f
0.34
0.10
0.00
0.004
Teflo
C­
1
I
0.32
0.07
0.00
0.006
TX­
42
C­
1
j
0.37
0.08
0.00
0.004
Teflo
C­
1
m
0.29
0.14
0.00
0.006
TX­
43
C­
1
n
0.26
0.07
0.00
0.004
Teflo
C­
1
q
0.28
0.06
0.00
0.006
TX­
44
C­
1
r
0.28
0.06
0.00
0.004
Teflo
C­
1
u
0.32
0.08
0.00
0.006
TX­
45
C­
1
v
0.32
0.07
0.00
0.002
Teflo
C­
1
y
0.29
0.06
0.00
0.006
TX­
46
C­
1
z
0.35
0.08
0.00
0.003
Teflo
20
minute
RMC
Run
Nox
(
g/
hp­
hr)
HC
(
g/
hp­
hr)
CO
(
g/
hp­
hr)
PM
(
g/
hp­
hr)
Filter
RMC_
c
0.236
0.080
0.00
0.007
TX­
40
RMC_
d
0.266
0.083
0.00
0.005
Teflo
RMC_
g
0.242
0.085
0.00
0.007
TX­
40
RMC_
h
0.228
0.086
0.00
0.005
Teflo
RMC_
k
0.284
0.075
0.00
0.006
TX­
40
RMC_
l
0.157
0.154
0.01
0.008
Teflo
RMC_
o
0.247
0.077
0.00
0.006
TX­
41
RMC_
p
0.239
0.076
0.00
0.004
Teflo
RMC_
s
0.250
0.072
0.00
0.008
TX­
42
RMC_
t
0.240
0.078
0.00
0.006
Teflo
RMC_
w
0.273
0.060
0.00
0.006
TX­
43
RMC_
x
0.254
0.058
0.00
0.004
Teflo
RMC_
aa
0.262
0.067
0.00
0.005
TX­
44
RMC_
ab
0.245
0.088
0.00
0.003
Teflo
CFR
C­
1
(
40
minutes
total)
Run
Nox
(
g/
hp­
hr)
HC
(
g/
hp­
hr)
CO
(
g/
hp­
hr)
C­
1
a
0.31
0.09
0.00
C­
1
c
0.25
0.07
0.00
C­
1
e
0.28
0.04
0.00
C­
1
g
0.31
0.06
0.00
C­
1
I
0.26
0.05
0.00
C­
1
k
0.30
0.05
0.00
C­
1
m
0.31
0.05
0.00
30
minute
RMC
Run
Nox
(
g/
hp­
hr)
HC
(
g/
hp­
hr)
CO
(
g/
hp­
hr)
RMC_
b
0.24
0.09
0.00
RMC_
d
0.27
0.08
0.00
RMC_
f
0.26
0.08
0.00
RMC_
h
0.29
0.08
0.00
RMC_
j
0.29
0.07
0.00
RMC_
L
0.31
0.07
0.00
RMC_
n
0.28
0.08
0.00
NVFEL
NR
Cycle
Test
Report
Page
6